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THE
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA
DICTIONARY
OF
Arts, Sciences, and General Literature
THE R. S. PEALE REPRINT
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7086S4
Y-
ENCYCLOPEDIA BKITANNICA
NINTH EDITION
PREFACE.
AN index commonly needs no preface, but it seems not unreasonable to explain why
an alphabetical EncyclopEedia is furnished with an alphabetical index. In smaller
works of reference which partake of the nature of verbal lexicons no such thing is needed ;
but the plan of the Encyclopaedia Britannica is to deal with subjects rather than words,
and to discuss large subjects in a connected way, under general headings, so that the book
may be used not only for occasional reference but for systematic study. Many things,
therefore, which a reader may wish to understand are explained, not under their own
names, but in the course of a larger discussion, and those who desire to learn about them
will find the explanation in its proper 'place by the aid of this index volume. The index
has been compiled by Mr VTilliam Cairns, and arranged and revised by the Kev, Geo.
!M'Arthur, with the assistance of Miss Emily Stevenson and Mr J. T. Bealby.
Besides the index, the present volume contains a complete list of those who have
written articles for the ninth edition of the Encyclopsedia, with a key to the initial letters
affixed to the longer contributions. It is to be observed that the use of these initials was
not designed to lighten the responsibility of the editors. No editor can possess the know-
ledge which would enable him to control the work of his contributors in all the subjects
treated of in the Encyclopaedia, but no effort has been spared on the part of the editorial
staff to secure the accuracy and sufficiency of every contribution, and to prevent those
repetitions and inconcinnities which necessarily occur where each contributor is absolutely
and solely responsible for the articles that bear his name.
In this endeavour the editors have been heartily supported by the contributors
themselves : a large proportion of the unsigned articles have been written by scholars of
the first name, who kindly undertook to do small things as well as large in order to secure
the uniform treatment of a whole group of subjects, and in aU departments leading
authorities at home and abroad have been found ready to help, not merely by their direct
contributions, but by valuable counsels as to the plan of articles and the choice of
writers — often also by revising what others had written, and suggesting corrections and
improvements.
VI PREFACE.
The list of contributors, and the initials appended to the longer articles, are sufficien«
to show that the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is no mere compilation,
but the work of specialists writing from firsthand knowledge, to an extent that had not
been attempted in previous works of the kind. But an Encyclopaedia, however brilliant its
list of contributors, must always owe much to the constant and stated labours of a resident
staff, whose members give their whole time to the work, and to these gentlemen a special
acknowledgment is due. The Eev. George M'Arthur read every sheet of the book down
to 1883, after which date he had the assistance of Mr J. T. Bealby, but continued to take
the chief and most responsible share in that minute revision which every line of such a
work demands. The late Mr W. Browning Smith from 1873 to 1878, Prof. Adamson from
1874 to 1876, Mr R A, Webster from 1874 to 1887, I\Ir F. H. Butler in 1876 and 1877,
and Mr T. F. Henderson from 1877 to 1884 gave their daily service to the work of
the Encyclopasdia, writing regidarly on their own subjects, and helping the editors in
various other ways. From -the year 1878 Mr J. Sutherland Black acted as assistant
editor, and from 1883 to the close of the work he was chief of the resident staff. To his
knowledge, zeal, and judgment the work owes more than can be here expressed. It ought
to be added that the task of the editors has at all times been much facilitated by
the excellent administration of the publishers, who, quite apart from the ability and
liberality with which they have conducted the business part of the undertaking, have
throughout taken the greatest interest in the literary work of the Encyclopedia, and
have given to the editors the manifold assistance which can be derived from a practical
knowledge of affairs.
W. ROBERTSON SMITH,
ENCYCLOPiEDIA BEITANNICA.
INDEX
A,'\
the fi:st letter of the alphabet,
Aa, rivers, various European countries,
1,2.
Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle, q.v.), town,
Germany, I. 431.
Aahmes, king of Egj-pt, vii. 736.
Aalborg, town, Denmark, I. 2.
Aalen, town, WiirtemberJ, I. 2.
Aalst (Alost), town, Belgium, i. 597.
Aaluii, or Alani, emperor of Dellii, vi.
12; XII. 802.
Aar, river, Switzerland, I. 2; XX. 519;
XXII. 776.
AaRAU, town, Switzerland, I. 3; X.\II.
778.
Aard-varK, species of Edentata, I. 3;
XV. 389.
Aard-wolf, species of Carnivora, I. 3;
XV. 437.
Aargau, canton; Sivitzerland, I. 3;
XXII. 778, 785, 794.
AarhuUS, town, Denmark, 1. 3.
Aaron, of Scripture, I. 3; xvill. 510;
family of, X. 143; Aaronite priest-
hood, XIV. 489.
BAR MadanI, Syriac .vriter, XXII.
853-
Aarssens, Francis van, Dutch diplo-
matist, I. 4.
A.\SEN, Ivar, Norwegian philologist,
XVII. 592; XXI. 374.
ABABDE, African tribe, I. A. 260; xvii.
611.
Abaca, plant, i. 4; xv. 488; culture uf,
in Philippines, xviii. 751.
Abaci, Liber, Leonardo of Pisa's work,
xix. 125.
Abaco, islands, Bahamas, 111. 236.
Abacus, i. 4; xvii. 626.
Abadavine, bird, xxii. 99.
■25—1
A — ABD
Ab.«, town, Greece, I. 4; XVlll. 801.
Abai (Blue Nile), river. Aby^-inia, I.
62; XVII. 507.
Abakansk, town, Siberia, I. 4.
A ban A, river, Syria, I. 4; VI. 790; XXII.
821.
Abancav, town, Peru, I. 4.
Abandoning, in law, i. 5.
Abandonment, in marine assurance, 1.
4; XIII. 186.
, in law of railways, i. 5.
Ab.ano, town, Italy, I. 5 ; mineral water
of, XVI. 434.
, Pietro d', Italian philosopher, 1. 5 ;
on physiognomy, XIX. 4.
Abaris, the Hyperborean, I. 5; VII. 47S.
Abasia, district, Russia, i. 50.
Abated Work, in architecture, 11. 459.
Ab.^te.ment, in law and commerce,
1.5.
Abati, Niccolo, Italian painter, I. 5.
Abattis, in fortification, IX. 422.
Abattoir, i. 5.
Abauzit, Firmin, French writer, I. 7.
Abb, town, Arabia, I. 8.
Abbacomites, lay abbcts, I. 24.
.■\ebadie, James, Protestant divine, I. 8.
Abba Jared, mountain, Abyssinia, i.
250.
Abbas I., the Great, shah of Persia, I. 8;
XVIII. 637.
IL, of Persia, XVliI. 638.
IIL, of Persia, xviii. 640.
, Persian poet, XVIII. 655.
, Theopliilus, instructor of Justinian,
XXIII. 276.
MiRZA, prince of Persia, I. 8; XVIII.
648.
Abb.^SIDS, or Abbassides, caliphs of
Baghdad, I. 8; XVi. 57S; II. 259; vii.
749; their coins, XV.II. 660.
Abbasination, kind of tortme, vi.
802.
Abb4 French title, I. 9.
Abbe, Prof. E., his rescai'chea on the
microscope, xv.l. 264, 269, 274.
Abbeokuta (Abeokuta), town. West
Africa, I. 9; xxiv. 754.
/\BBESS, I. 9; XVI. 706.
Abbeville, town, France, i. 10; xxii.
261.
Abbey, i. 10.
' Abbi.\te Grasso, town, Italy, I. 22.
' Abbon of Fleury, French writer, I. 22.
Abbot, i. 22; xvi. 700; in House of
Lords, XVIII. 459, 463.
, Charles, Lord Colchester, vi. 124.
, George, archbishop of Canterbury,
L25.
, George, the Puritan, I. 25.
, Robert, Puritan divine, I. 25.
OF Unreason, v. 704.
Aebotsford, I. 26.
Club, i. 26.
Abbreviations, with list, i. 26 ; in
inscriptions, XIII. 126.
Abbreviators, writers in papal chan-
cery, I. 29.
ABBT, Thomas, German pliilusoijher. X.
535-
Abdallah, Omayyad caliph in Spain,.
XXII. 312.
b.-Yazim, fomidcr of the Almo-
ravides, i. 595.
b.-Zobaik, pseudo-caliph, xvi..
567.
Abdallatif, physician and traveller,.
I. 30 ; on anatomy, I. 805.
Abd al-Melik, Omayvad caliph, XVI.
569.
Abd al-Mumin, Moorish prince in
Spain, I. 593; XXII. 316.
XXY —.1
A B D — A B R
Abd al-Rahman I., emir of Coitlovii,
XVI. 578, 579; XXII. 310.
II., emir of Conlova, XXII. 312.
III., caliph of Coi-clova, XXII.
."^bd-el-Caaba (Al)H-Eeki), i. 6a
Abd-el-Kader, Algerian emir, 1. 30,
567.
Abd-el-Wahhab, founder of the Wali-
habees, II. 260.
Abdera, towTi, Thrace, I. 30 ; coins of,
XVII. 640.
, town, ancient Spain, I. 30.
Abderame (AM al-RalunanV emir of
Conlova, XXII. 310.
Abdication, with li.st, l. 30 ; 01 emperor
Charles V., V. 417.
Abdomen, i. 31, 835; vii. 223; surgery
of, XXII. 690 ; woumls of, XV. 781.
Abdominales, subdivision of fishes, I.
3'-
Abdominalia, division of Crustacea, vi.
666.
.Abduction, in law, i. 31 ; Xiv. 69; xxiv.
642.
Add-ul-Aziz, Turkish eultan, xxill.
651.
Abd-ul-Hamid, Turkish sultan, xxill.
652.
Aud-ul-lATIF (Abdallatif), physician,
1.30.
, Pei-sian sovereign, xviii. 032.
Ai;d-UL-Mejid, Turkish sultan, I. 3P
xxiil. 650.
A Becket, or Becket, Thomas, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, I. 31.
A'Beckett, Gilbert Abbott, English
humorist, I. 33.
Abel, of Scripture, I. 33.
, Sir Frederick ^., his experiments
on gun-cotton, XI. 277 ; on gunpowder,
XI. 322; XVI. 445, 460.-
, Karl Friedrich, German musician,
•^33-
, Niel.1 Henrik, Norwegian mathe-
matician, I. 33, 516; VIII. 508; XIII. 40,
66, 67, 69.
, Tliomas, English divine, I. ^3.
ABELARD, Peter, scholastic philosopher,
V 34; XXI. 424; his contest with St
Bernard, III. 602; his relations with
William of Champeaux, V. 386.
Abelian Functions, vi. 726; ix. 821.
Abelians, religious sect, I. 33.
Abencerrages, Moorish family, I. 35.
Abendanas. translators of Mishnah,
XVI. 506.
Abenezra, Jewish writer, I. 36.
Abensberg, town, Bavaria, I. 36.
Abeokuta, to\vii. West Africa, I. 9;
XXIV. 754.
Aberavon, town, Wales, I. 36.
'Aberbrothock (Arbroath), town, Scot-
land, II. 324
AberciUS, Phrygian saint, xvill. 853.
Aberconwav (ConwavV to^v■n, Wales,
VI. 330.
Abercrombie, John, Seotli«h pkysician
and philosopher, I. 36; XV. 817.
Abercrombv, David, Scottish physician
and philosopher, I. 36.
• , James, Bpeaker of the House of
Commons, I. 37.
■ , Patrick, Scottish «Titer, I. 37.
, Sir Ralph, British general, I. 38.
Aberdare, town, Wales, i. 38
Aberdeen, town, Scotland, i. 39; lib-
raries, XIV. 523, 542 ; newsi>apcr.s
.XVII. 423; population, XXI. 528; uni-
versity, XXIII. 843, 854.
, Foiuth Earl of, I. 46; English
premier, Vill. 366.
, Old, tovni, Scotland, I. 43.
Aberdeenshire, Scotland, I. 43; area
and population, XXI. 528; representa-
tion, XXIII. 727.
Aberdevine, bird, xxii. 99.
Aberdour, village, Scotland, I. 46.
Aberfeldv, village, Scotland, I. 46.
Abergavenny, town, Monmouthshire,
England, I. 46 ; Xvi. 754; wood sculp-
ture in church, XXIV. 646.
ABERNETHY,to^^^l, Scotland, 1. 46; xviii.
667; XX.- 477.
, John, Irish divine, I. 47.
, John, English surgeon, I. 47.
Aberration, of light, i. 47; xiv. 584,
589; XVI. 259; XVIII. 246, 252; XXIV.
424, 435, 439 ; its discovery by
Bradley, II. 757; chromatic, xvi. 259;
XVII. 803; XXIII. 141 ; in the eye, viii.
819; of lenses, XVII. 803; XXIII. 140.
Aberteifi (Cardigan), town, Wales v.
95-
Abervstwith, town, Wales, I. 48 ; Uni-
versity College at, XXIII. 856.
Abeshr, town, Wadai, Central Africa,
XXII. 279.
AbettoU, in law, i. 83.
Abeyance, in law, i. 48.
, Peerages in, xviil. 467.
Abgar, kings of Edessa, I. 48; vil. 653.
Abgeordnetenhaus, Prussian cham-
ber, XX. 18.
Abha, Syriac writer, XXII. 828.
, patriarch, Syriac writer, xxii.
Abhd-isho, Syriac ^vriter, xxii. 827.
Abhd-isho bar Bahriz, metropolitan
of Mosul, XXII. 849.
Abhd-isho bar Berikha, metropolitan
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII. 855.
Abhidharma, the philosophy of Bud-
dhism, IV. 432.
Abksamya, Syriac writer, XXII. 828.
Abhzudh, SjTiac writer, XXII. 849.
Abiad, Bahr-el (White Nile), river,
Africa, i. 48; xvii. 506, 508.
Abide With Me, Byte's hymn, xv.
121.
Ab-i-Istada, lake, Afghanistan, I. 230.
Abila, ancient town, Syria, I. 49.
Abildgaard, Nikolaj, Danbh painter,
1.49; vil. 93.
Abuielech, of Sciiptuiv, I. 49; XIII.
401.
Abingdon, town, England, I. 49.
Abiogenesis, in biolog'y, I. 40: ill.
688.
Abipones, Indian tribe, I. 50; Dobriz-
hoffei-'s history of them, vii. 308.
Abjuration, Oath of, i. 581; xvii. 701.
Abkhasia, district, Asiatic Kussia. 1.
Abkhasians, race of Circassians, v.
257-
Ablation, of glaciers, x. 627.
Ablution, i, 5a
Abner, of Scripture, I. 51.
Abney, Capt. William de W., his con-
tributions to photography, XVII. 826,
830, 834; XXIII. 142 ; invcsti-gatioiis
in spectroscopy, XXII. 380.
Abnicum (Anni), ancient town, Asia
Minor, II. 72.
Abo, province, Finland, IX. 217.
— — , town, Finland, I. 5 1 ; observatory
at, XVII. 714.
Abolition of Slavery, general moi-e-
ment for, XXII. 141 ; Will^rforce's
part in, xxiv. 565 ; in United States,
XXIII. 752, 763, 767, 781 ; Garrison's
advocacy, X. ^5.
Abomasum, fourth stomach of rumin-
ants, L 51.
Abomey, tovni, Dahomey, Africa, I. 51;
VI. 765.
Abong Abong, mountain, Sumatm,
XXII. 638.
Aboo Aresh, district, Arabia, II. 253.
Abooseer (Abusir), town, Egypt, IV.
576; pyramids of, vil. 772; XX. 123
Aboosimbel (Abu-Simbel), temple of.
Nubia, II. 388.
Aborigines, 1. 51.
Abortion, in midwifery, I. 52; crimi-
nal, XIII. 4; XV. 7S0; in cows, XXIV.
204.
Aboukir, town, Egypt, l. 52; Nelson's
victory off (1798), XVII. 322; Na])o-
leon's victory off 0''99)i XXIII. 048;
Abercromby's debarkation at (iSoi),
1.38.
Abou-Mengel, bird, xii. 6oti.
About, Edmond, French writer, IX.
679.
Abrabanel, Isaac, Jewish statesuuin
and writer, I. 52.
Abracadabra, charm, I. 52.
Abraham, Hebrew patriarch, I. 52.
of Kashkar, Syriac writer, XXll.
837.
of Nephtar, Syriac writer, XXII.
836.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII. 836.
, Plains of, Quebec city, XX. 168.
BAR DashandaDH, Syriac writer,
XXII. 844.
B. David, rabbis, XX. 191.
A Sancta Clara, German creacher
and satirist, I. 55; x. 531
A B R — A O A
8
Abraham's Bosom, limliuV patnim,
XIV. 646.
Abr.\ntes, town, Portugal, I. 55.
, Duchess of, XIII. 779.
, Diite of (Junot), Fi-cncli general,
XIII. 779; XIX. 551.
Abrasion, by livei-s, x. 275.
Abraxas, or Abrasax, charm, I. 56;
Guostic name of tlie Siii)reine God, III.
420; X. 141
Abriachanite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Abridgments, in cojtyright law, VI.
361.
Abrinc.\t^ (Avranches), ancient tovm,
France, III. 157.
Abro, island in Baltic, Russia, xvii.
732-
Abruzzo, province, Italy, I. 56.
Absalom, of Scripture, I. 56; v'l. 840;
XIII. 405 ; tomb of, II. 393.
AND ACHITOPHEL, Drydeu's poem,
VII. 492.
Absalon, Danish statesman, i. 57; vi.
345-
Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming,
U.S.A., XXIV. 737.
Abscess, in surgery, I. 57 ; treatment
of, XXII. 683 ; in ophthalniolog_v, XVII.
781, 7S6; of liver, tropical, xviii. 396.
Absenteeism, of landlord.- in Ireland,
XIII. 229, 269.
Absinthe, liqueur, i. 57.
Absolute, in pliilosophy, l. 57.
, Philosophy of the, XXI. 393; XXIII.
147.
Measurements, in electricity,
VIII. 15, 103.
Spirit, Hegel's, xvi. 87.
Temper.^ture, XI. 566; XXIII.
285.
Unit Force, xv. 699.
Absolution, i. 58; xviii. 487.
Absolvitor, in Scots law, i. 58.
Absorption, i. 58 ; of food into bloon,
XVII. 677 ; of light, XIV. 600; XX. 213 ;
in plants, iv. 119; xix. 44.
Abstemii, religious sect, I. 58.
Abstinence, awetic, 11. 677.
Societies, xxiii. 159.
Abstraction, in philosophy, i. 58; in.
47-
AbSXjrdum, Reductio ad, I. 59.
Abu, sacred mountain, India, I. 59; XIII.
543; XXll. 98.
Abu-Abdullah Mahommed (Ibn Ba-
tuta), geographer, XII. 607.
Abu-Ali al-Hasan (Alhazeu), mathe-
matician, t. 572.
Abu-Ali al-Hosein ibn-Sina (Avi-
cenna), philosopher and physician,
III. 152.
Abuam, town, Morocco, XXIII. 21.
Abubacer, Spanish Moslem philo-
.iopher, II. 269.
Abubaker, rajah of Johore, XIII. 730.
Abu-B.\sir, runaway from Mecca, xV-
558-
Abu-Bekr, caliph, successor of
Mohamme<l, I. 60; II. 257; XVI. 561.
Abu-Bekr. Mohammed ibn-Jahya
(Avempace), philosopher, III. 144; II.
369.
Abu-Bishir, fish, XIX. 429.
Abu-Dani (Eldatl Ben Malchi), Jewish
traveller, VII. 827.
Abu-Far.^j, Aiabian writer, II. 263.
Abu-Ghalib bar Sabuni, Syriac
writer, xxii. 850.
Abu-Hamed Muhammad al-Gazali,
Aiabian philosopher, I.. 51a
Abu-Jafar al-Mansur, caliph, xv.
500; XVI. 578.
Abu-Jafar Mohammed b. Jarir at-
Tabari, Arabian historian, XXIII. 3.
Abula (Avila), ancient town, Spain,
III. 156.
Abul-Abbas, first Ablmsid caliph, xvi.
578.
Apul-Abbas Ahmed (Ibn Khallikan),
Arabian writer, XI I. 609.
Abul-.^bbas Ahmed ibn-Mohammed
el-Makkari, Arabian writer, xv.31 1.
Abulcasim, Arabian surgeon, xv. 805;
XXII. 675.
Mansur (Firdousi), Persian poet,
IX. 225.
Abulfar.^gius, Gregorius (Abul-Faraj,
Bar-Hebra;us), Arabian historian, I.
60; XXII. 853; XXIII. 5.
Abulfazl, Indian historian, I. 60.
Abulfed.^, Arabic historian, I. 60; II.
263, 264.
Abulghazi-Bahadur, khan of Khiva,
L 61.
Abul-Hakam, Moorish invader of
Spain, XXII. 319.
Abul-Hassan, Arabian diallist, VII.
153-
Abul-Hin, mountain, Syria, XIV. 394.
Abul-Kasim, Arabian physician, XV.
805; XXII. 675.
Abulkhair, Mongol khan, xvi. 729.
Abulmajd Majdud b. Adam (Sauai),
Persian poet, xxi. 254.
Abul-Tavyib (Al-Motanabbi), Arabian
poet, XVII. I.
Abulwafa, Mohammed. Arabian alge-
braist, I. 512.
Abul-Walid Merwan (Rabbi Jonah),
Jewish philologist, XIII. 737.
Abul-Walid Mohammed ibn-Roshd
(Averroes), philosopher, III. 149.
Abu-Maaschar (Abumazar), Arabian
astronomer, L 456; XVI. 596.
Abu-Merwan Abdalmalec ibn-
ZOHR (Avenzoar), III. 145; XV. 805.
Abu-Moslim, founder of the Abbasid
dynasty, XVi. 576, 578.
Abuna, title of the archbishop of Abys-
sinia, I. 61.
Abu-Nasr ibn-Hamm.\d el-Jauharv,
Arabic lexicographer, XIIL 598.
Abu-Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi,
Arabian philosopher, I. 501.
.\BU-Obaida, Arabian historian,XXlIl. 3.
Abu-Said, Persian sovereign, XVIII.
632.
Abu-Said b. Abul-Khair, Persian
poet, XVII. 771; XVIII. 658.
Abuschehr, or Abushehr (Bushire),
town, Pei'sia, iv. 574,
Abu-Simbel, or Ipsanibul, Nubia, I. 61 ;
temple of, II. 38^.
Abusir, town, Egypt, IV. 576 ; pyra-
mids of, VII. 772; XX. 123.
Abu-Tahir al-Mansur, Fatimite
caliph, XV. 500.
Abu-Teman, or Abu-Tcmmara, Arabian
poet, I. 61; II. 263; XL 402; XVI. 539.
Abutments, Stability of, iv. 324.
Abu-Yahya al-Marwazi, Syrian
physician, XXII. 847.
Abu-Yusuf al-Kindi, Arabian philo-
sopher, I. 578.
Abu-Zakariya, prince of Timis, xxili.
621.
Abu-Zeid Abdarrahman (Ibn Eltal-
doun), Arabic writer, XII. 609.
Abydos, ancient town, Asia Minor, 1.
61; XVII. 122.
, ancient to«Ti, Egypt, I. 61; vii.
775 ; p)Tamids of, XX. 124.
Abyssinia, i. 61, 262; Arabian settle-
ments in, XXIV. 739; birds of, III. 758 ;
filigree from, IX. 164; Gallasof, X. 38;
introduction of Christianity, IX. 804;
languages, xvi. 654 ; Lobo's travels in,
XIV. 743; Prester John of, XIX. 717.
Abyssinian Church, Canon of the, v.
13-
Abyssinian Months, v. 716.
Abyssinians, i. 262.
Acacia, genus of plants, i. 68 ; catechu
from, V. 220; gum from, XI. 275.
, False, culture of, II. 318.
Acacians, early Christian sect, XV.
145-
Acacius, patriarch of Oinstantinople,
XIX. 492.
of Amid, Syriac writer, XXII. 629.
of Seleucia, Syriac wTiter, XXII.
830.
Academia Espanola, x:<ii. 360.
Academical Precedence, xix. 668.
Ac.vDE.Mic School of Philosophy, i.
68.
Academic Vestments, vi. 463.
Academies, I. 68.; importance of, for
the advance of science, xxiv. 800; of
Italy, XIII. 507; musi::al, XVII. 83.
ACADEMUS, grove of, I. 68; XIX. 194
Academy, i. 68.
, at -Athens, I. 68; III. 2; XIX. 194.
, French, founded by Richelieu, IX.
570; its influence on French literature,
IX. 658.
, Royal, London, XIV. 836.
ACADIA, or Acadie, foimer name of Novi'
Scotia, I. 79; xviL 375, 601 ; its rela-
tion to Maine, U.S.A., xv. 301.
ACALEPHi€, group of animals, I. 79
A C A — A C I
ACAMARCHIS AvicULARIA, species of
Polyzoa, XIX. 437.
ACANTHIAS, genus of sharks, XXI. 775.
ACANTHITE, mineral, XVI. 392.
ACANTHOCEPHAL.\, parasitic worms, I.
79; II. 54; XVIII. 259; in Lankestei-'s
classification, XXIV. 813.
ACANTHOCYSTUS, genua of Protozoa,
XIX. S45.
ACANTHoniNl, suborder of fi.slics, xii.
686.
ACANTHODRILUS, genus of worms, XXIV.
678.
ACANTHOGLOSSUS, geuu.s of mammals,
XV. 378.
ACANTHOMETRIDEA, subclass of Proto-
zoa,,XIX. 851.
ACANTHOMVS, genus of Rodentia, xvii. 6.
ACANTHOPTERYGII, order of fishes, I. 79;
XII. 688.
Pharvngognathi, order of fi.shes,
XII. 691.
Acanthus, genus of plants, i. 79. ■
ACANTHVLLIS, genus of biids, XXII.
760.
ACAPULCO, tow-n, Jloxieo', I. 79.
ACARIDEA, order of Arachnida, II. 274.
ACARNANIA, province, ancient Greece,
I. 79 ; coins of, xvii. 642.
ACARU3, genus of Arachnida, I. 79; 11.
276; XVI. 528; gall-producers, x. 43.
AUTUMNALIS, harvest bug, XI. 501;
XVI. .529.
AccAD, or Aklcad, subdivision of Baby-
lonia, III. 185; XVI. 51.
'AccADiAN Inscriptions, vii. 79;^ xiii.
1 14 ; language of, I. 604 ; dictionary,
vii. 189.
ACCA LareNTIA, in itoman legend, xiv.
3I3-
ACCARON, or Ekron, to\\Ti of the Phili-
stines, VII. 794.
ACCELER.\TI0N, in dynamics, I. 79; XV.
682; diagram of, vil. 150; energy of,
XV. 769; lunar, II. 799.
ACCENT, Accentuation, in language,
I. 80: XI. 57; xviii. 78S; XXII. 384; in
Latin,Xiv 329; in Romance languages,
XX. 604; in Sanskrit, xxi. 272.
Accentor, genus of birds, xxii. 369.
Accents, m ancient JISS., xviii. 165.
Acceptance, in commerce, I. 82.
Accept ATiONS,.Tlie, supplement to Book
of the Consulate, VI. 317.
Accession, i. 83.
Accessory, in criminal law, i. S3; vi.
588.
AcciAjUOLl, Donate, Italian WTiter, l.
83.
Accidence, in grammar, XI. 38.
Accident, in logic, i. 83.
Accident Insurance, xiii. 161.
Accidents, in mines, xvi. 466; vi. 72 ;
railway, XX. 250; at sea, XXI. 601.
AcCIPITRES, group of birds, XI. 534;
XVIII. 47.
LACCIU.S. noet of i6th centuiy, I. 83.
Accius, Lucius, Latin tragic poet, I. 83;
XVIII. 129; his language, XIV. 33}
ACCLAM.\TION, I. 83.
ACCLIMATIZ.\TI0N, I. 84; IV. 248; of
fish, XII. 66.5; XIX. 128; of fish in New
Zealand, xvil. 470; of insects, XIII.
141.
Accolade, in ronferring knighthood,
I. 90; XIV. 118.
ACCOLTI, Benedict, Tuscan lawyer, I. 90.
, Bernard, improvisatore, I. 90.
, Pietro, cardinal, I. 90.
AccoMMOD.ATiON, in Biblical interpre-
tation, I. go.
, in commerce, I. 90.
, Ophthalmic disorders of, XVII. 785.
ACCOMPTANT (Accountant), I. 92.
ACCORAMBONI, Vittoiia, Italian lady,
I. 90.
Accordion, mu.sical instrument, 1. 91.
AccORSO, Francis, Florentine lawyer,
I. 91 ; his Glossa, X. 686.
, Jfariangelo, Nea]>olitan critic, 1. 9*..
Account, Stock'Exchauge term, i. 91.
Accountant, i. 92.
AcC0UNTANT-GENERAL,Cuurt of Chan-
cery official, I. 92.
Account Books, Manufacture of, xxil.
461.
Accounts, Banking, iii. 332.
ACCR.\, town, West Africa, I. 92.
Accrington, town, England, I. 92.
ACCUM, Fredei-ick, chemist, I. 92.
Accumulator, electrical machine, I.
92; VIII. 34.
- — ■ Machinery, Hydraulic, xil. 522.
ACCURSIUS (Accorso, q.r.), I. 91.
Accused Persons, Torture of, xxlii.
462.
Ace, on carils and dice, i. 92.
ACELUM (Asolo), ancient town, Italy, II.
714.
ACEPH.^LA, section of molluscs, I. 92;
XVI. 633, 684.
ACEPHALl, I. 92.
Acer, genus of trees, xv. 52J
Acera, genus of moliu.scs, XVL 655, 656.
Aceratherium, fossil rhinoceros, xx.
523-
ACERBl, Joseph, Italian traveller, I. 93.
Acerina Cernu.\, species of fish, Xl.X.
481.
ACERNUS, Polish poet, I. 93.
ACERRA, incense box, I. 93.
, to\ni, Italy, I. 93.
ACERVETis (Mangalia), ancient toi\"n,
Thrace, XV. 479.
ACETALS, in chemistry, v. 567.
ACET.\TE OF Lead, xiv. 378.
ACETIC Acid, i. 93; v. 569.
ACETYLENE, in chemistry, v. 521, 559;
xviii. 237.
ach^an le.a.gue, i. 93; ix. 62; xi. i07 ;
under Philopoemen, xviii. 790; in
time of Polybiu.s XIX. 41 1.
AcH^MENiAN Dynasty, Persia, xviii.
565.
ACH.ENIUM, form of fruit, iv. 151.
ACHAIA, state, ancient Greece, 1. 93; XIX
41 1 ; coins of, XVII. 642,
ACHAN, of Scrijiture, I. 94.
Achard, Franz Carl, Prussian chemist,
I. 94; his platinum process, XIX. 190;
manufactures beet-sugar, XXII. 625.
ACHARIUS, Erik, Swedish botanist, I.
94; his classification of lichens, XIV.
560.
AcHARNiANS, The, play of Aristophanes,
II. 508.
Achates, friend of iEnea-s, i. 94.
ACHEEN (Achin), in Sumatra, L 95;
XXII. 639.
ACHELNOTUS (Agelnoth), archbishop of
Canterbury, !. 279.
ACHELOUS, river, Greece, I. 94.
ACHENWALL, Gottfried, German writer,
I. 94; on statistics, XXII. 461.
Acheron, in classical m}'thology, I.
94.
, river, Allauia, I. 447; v. 266.
ACHILL, island, Ireland, I. 94; XIII. 216;
XV. 650.
Achilles, in Gie4k legend, i. 94; xil.
117; XX. 643 ; his obsequies, III. 398 ;
his connexion with Scyros, XXI. 574 ;
shield of, II. 347.
PoNTARCHES, Cult of, XVIL 753.
• Tatius, Greek writer, I. 95; XX.
635-
Achillini, Alessandro, Italian ana-
tomist, I. 95, 806.
, Claudio, Italian poet, XIII. 511.
Achimenes, genus of stove plants, xil.
265.
Achin, state and to^^^l, Sumatra, I. 95;
XXII. 639.
ACHMET (Ahmed, q.v.), sultans of
Turkey, I. 97.
Pasha, French adventurer, iv. 36.
ACHRADINA, suburb of Syracuse, XXII.
814.
ACHRAY, lake, Scotland, I. 97.
ACHROM.ATic Bands, in .spectrum,
XXIV. 425, 427.
AcLROMATic Glasses, i. 97; xiv. 595;
XVI. 250, 260, 262; XVII. 804; Aniici's,
I. 738; XVI. 262; Dollond's, VII. 345;
XVI. 262 ; Fraunhofer's, ix. 728.
Achromatic Telescope, xxiii. 137.
ACHROMATIN, in tissues, xix. 832.
Achromatism, in optics, xiv. 592, 595,
601; XVII. 804 ; of the eye, XIV. 601.
Aciculid.e, family of snails, xxil.
1S7.
Acid, in chemistry, I. 97; v. 477, 486 ;
acetic, I. 93 ; lactic, XIV. 196 ; oxalic,
xviii. 91; phtlialic, XVIII. 855; prussic,
XX. 21; tartaric, XXIII. 69; uric,
XXIV. II.
AciDALIUS, Valens, German WT'ter, I.
98.
Acid-Amides, in chemistry, xvii. 519.
Acids, Fatty, x. 697 ; organic, v. 553,
568; XIX. 52 : vesetable. XIX. 52.
A C I -ADA
5
ACIDULATED SPRINGS, XVI. 436.
ACINACES, Persian swoi-d, I. 98.
ACINETAKIA, class of Protozoa, XIX.
865; XXIV. 812.
ACIPENSER, genus of fishes, XXII. 611.
AciREALE, town, Sicily, I. 97; XXII. 31.
Acis, in mythology, I. 98.
ACKEN, town, Piussia, I. 435.
.■^CKERMANN, Johann C. G., German
l>hysician, I. 98.
ACMITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
Ac.VE, skin disease, XXII. 121.
ACN'ODE, in geometry, VI. 723; XXII.
669.
ACCELA, tribe of worms, xix. 172, 174.
ACCEMET.'E, or Accemeti, oriler of monks,
I. 98; XVI. 700.
ACOLHUAS, people, ancient Mexico, xvi.
209.
AcoL\TE, order of clercT. I. qS; XV 11.
82a
Aconcagua, province, Cliili, l. 98; v.
616.
, volcano. Chili, 11. 16; v. 616.
ACONCIO, Giacomo, jurist and theolo- _
gian, I. 98.
Aconite, genns of plants, I. 98 ; poison,
XIX. 279; extract of, in different
pharmacopoeias, xviii. 731.
ACOKTIID.E, family of lizanls, XIV.
733-
ACONTIUS, jurist and theologian, I. 98.
ACORNS, Economic uses of, xvii. 692.
ACORUS, genus of plants, i. 99.
ACOSTA, Christoval d', Portuguese natu-
ralist, I. 99.
, Joseph d', Spanish writer, I. 99.
. -^ , Uriel d', Portuguese Jewish noble-
man, I. 99.
ACOTYLEDONES, Class of plants, I. 99.
ACOTVLEDONOUS PLANTS, IV. 92.
Acoustics, i. ioo ; of speech-organ.«,
XVIII. 811; XXIV. 273; in relation to
telephony, XXIIL 127.
Acoustic Tricks, in magic, xv. 307.
Acquaviva, Claudio, general of the
Jesuits, XIII. 651, 653.
Acqui, town, Italy, I. 120; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
Acquisitiveness, in phrenology, xviii.
845.
AcR.x, town, Gold Coast, Africa, 1. 92;
race and language, X. 756.
ACR.«, Syi-acusan settlement, Sicily,
xxn. 814; xviii. 167.
Acre, measure of surface, I. 120.
, or St .lean il'Acre, town, Syria, 1.
120; capture of, by Saladin (1191),
VII. 754; XXIII. 161; Knights Hospital-
lers at, x,\l. 174; Kapoleon's repulse at
(1799), XVII. 201; XXII. 179.
Acredula, genus of birds, xxiii. 419.
Acrobat; i. 120.
Acrobata, genus of phalangei-s, xviii.
729.
Acrocephalus, genus of birds, xxiv.
366.
Acroceravnia, promontory, Greece,
I. 120.
ACROCERAUNIAN MOUNTAINS. Greece,
I. 447-
.'\CROCHORDiD/f:, family of snakes,
XXII. 193.
ACRODVNIA, toxic disease, XVIII. 407.
AcROGEN.t:, or Acrogens, division of
plants, I. 120; IV. 99.
Acrolein, a vapour from oils, xvii. 740.
ACROLITH, in statuary, I. 120.
ACRO>noDI. group of birds, xvill. 40,
47-
ACRON, Sicilian physician, I. 120.
ACROPOLIS, citadel, Athens, I. 121;
III. I, 5, 6.
ACROPOLITA, Georgiu.s, Byzantine
historian, iv. 613.
Acrostic, i. 121.
AcROTERiUM, in aicliitecture, II. 459
ACRVDIID.€, family of insects, xi. 60;
XIII. 153: XIV. 765.
Act, in dramatic literature, I. 121
, in law, I. 122..
OF Congress, xxii. 471.
OF Parliament, l 122; xviii.
313; XXII. 46S.
OF Sederunt, in Scots law, i.
123.
OF Settlement, of English
crown, XXI. 606 ; in Isle of Man, XV.
454-
OF Uniformity (1662), xix. 690.
Acta Consistorii, Eoman edicts, i.
128.
Acta Diurna, Roman gazette, i, 128.
AcTitON, in mythology, I. 129.
Acta Sanctorum, of the Bollandists,
IV. 18.
Acta Sekatus, minutes of the Eoman
senate, I. 129.
Acta Thom.€, apocrvnhal iKok, xxill.
308.
Acte, peninsula, Macedonia, XV. 138.
AcTiAN Games, at Rome, I. 129; xvii.
490.
Actia Nicopolis, town, ancient
Greece, xvii. 490.
Acting, dramatic art, vii. 391, 396; ix.
202, 209.
Actinia, genus of animals, i. 129.
Actinism, propertv of solar rays, i.
129.
ACTINOLITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
Actino.METER, llicrmometer for aolar
lays, I. 129.
Actinomycosis, disease, xviii. 270 ;
in cattle, xxiv. 204.
AcriNOPHRVS, genus of Protozm, xix.
845.
AcTlNOSPH.€RlUM, genus of Protozoa,
XIX. 843.
.ACTINOTE, mineral, xvi. 417.
ACTINOZOA, group of animals, \. 129;
VI. 369; VII. 277, 283; their relation
to Hydrozoa, XII. 548; skeletal struc-
ture of, XXII. 106.
ACTINURUS, genns of rotifers, xxi. 4.
ACTION, Chemical, V. 474.
, in law, I. 132 ; limitations of, XI v.
650; in Roman law, xx. 681, 707;
XIX. 217.
, Least and varying, in mechanics
XV. 723; in optics, XIV. 598.
, Mental, XX. 42.
ACTIUM, in ancient geography, I. 133 ;
Ijattle of (31 B.C.), I. 4j8; XX. 769.
, Era of, V. 716.
Acton, village, England, i, 133.
, Sir John F. E., Neapolitan com-
mander, I. 133; IX. 79.
ACTORS, Dramatic, vil. 396; Chinese,
viL 402; English, VIL 434, 437, 439;
Greek, \u. 408; Hindu, vii. 399;
Roman, vii. 411.
Acts of the Apostles, i. 123; iii.
644; XXII. 79; apocryphal, II. 184.
Acts of Peter and Paul, apocr.\-phal
book, XVIII. 696. *
Actuality, in psychology, xx. 55.
Actuaries, Institute of, their mortality
tables, xiii. 170.
Actuary, i. 133.
Aculeata, gioup of insect.s, xill.
148.
ACUNA, Christoval d', Spanisn traveller.
, Juan
viceroy of
de, Spanish
Mexico, XVI. 219.
Acupressure, in surgery, L 133.
Acupuncture, in surgery, l 133;
XXII. 673.
AcusiUM (Montclimar), ancient town,
France, XVI. 779.
Adafudia, towni. Western Africa, I.
133-
Adagia, work of Erasmus, Vlli. 517.
Adah, wife of Lamech of Scripture,
XIV. 238.
Adai Khokh, mountain, Caucasus, v.
253-
Adal, country, Eastern Africa, J. 134.
Adalbero, archl.ishoT) of Rheims, XX.
508; XXIL 74.
Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen and
Hamburg, I. 134.
, bishop of Prague, I. 134; XIX.
286.
, marquises of Tuscany, XXIII. 671.
Adalia (Satali), town, As\a. Minor, XXI.
317-
Adam, of Scripturr, r. 134; in relation
to Eve, VIII. 733; Mauicha-an view nf,
XV. 483.
, Life of, Jewish apocalyptic book,
II. 177.
of Bremen, ecclesiastical historian,
L 138.
, Alexander, classical teacher, I.
139.
— — , Jlelchior, German writer, I. 139;
XIV. 850.
, Robert, Scottish architect, I. 139;
XIV. 850.
6
A D A — A D O
Adam, William, Scottish politician. I.
139-
DE LA Halle, eaiJy yiench
writer, IX. 642.
Adamantius, oh physiognomy, XIX. 4.
Adamas, diamond, VIL 162.
Adamawa, or Adaniaiia, country. Cen-
tral Africa, L 140, 272; XXIL 248,
278, 275.
Group, U Negroes, xvii. 319.
Adam Blair, lockhart's novel, XIV.
763.
Adamians, heretical sect, I. 140.
Adamite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Adamites, heretical sect, I. 140.
Adamnan, Scottish saint anil anthor, i.
140; VIII. 405; XXI. 540.
ADAMS, Jolin, president of United
States, L 141; XXIII. 755; champions
Declaration of Indejiendence, xxill.
743-
, John, Pitcairn Islander, XIX. 132.
, John Conch, his share in the dis-
covery of tlie planet Neptune, II. 813 ;
his logarithmic formula;, XIV. 778.
, John Quincy, president of United
States, I. 142; XXIII. 762; as a poe>,
1. 722.
— — , Richard, English divine, I. :4j.
, Samuel, American st^.lesinan, I.
143.
, Thomas, English Puritan divine,
I. 143.
,AVilliam, first Englishman in Japan,
XIII. 584.
Ad.\m's Bridge, chain of sandbanks,
Ceylon, I. 140; V. 359; XX. 266.
Adam's Daughters, Book of, Jewish
apocalyptic book, II. 177.
Adam's Needle, plant, xxiv. 760.
Adamson, Patrick, archbishon of St
Andrews, 1. 143; XXI. 507.
Adam's Peak, mountain, Ceylon, i.
140; V. 359.
Adana, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 144;
V. 777; province, XXIII. 653.
Adangme, dialect, Gold Coast, Africa,
X. 756.
Adanson, Michel, French naturalist,
h 144.
Adapis, genus of extinct lemurs, xiv.
444
Adaptation, in biology, i. 145.
Adarbaij.\n, or Azcrbijan, province,
Persia, III. 167; xviii. 626.
Adda, river, Italy, l. 145; xiii. 435.
Addanki, town, Nellore, India, xvn.
321.
Addax, kind of antelope, II. loi.
ADDER,reptile, I. 145; xxiv.247; death
adder, XXII. 198.
Addington, Henry, English prime
minister, I. 145; vill. 363; his relations
witli Pitt, XIX. 146.
Addison, Joseph, English essayist and
poet, I. 146; his place in English
literature, vin. 425, 427; as drama-
tist, VIL 435 ; his essays on the ima-
gination, I. 222; his hymns, xil. 592;
his relations with Pope, xix. 484; his
connexion with Steele, XXII. 527.
Addison, Thomas, English physician,
XV. 817.
Addison's Disease, xviil 384; xxii.
122.
Addition, in algebra, l. 520; in arith-
metic, II. 527, 534.
Adel, countiy. Eastern Africa, I. 150.
Adelaar, Cort Sivartsen, naval com-
mander, I. 150.
Adelaide, town, South Australia, 1. 1 5 1 ;
XXII. 284; observatory at, XVII. 717;
university of, XXIII. 856.
, wife of William IV. of England,
XXIV. 581.
, wife of emperor Otto I., X. 483.
Island, Antarctic regions, xix.
33°-
Adelheid, queen of Italy, XIII. 469.
Adelina Longa, station. West Africa,
XVII. 733.
Adeem (Aldhelni, q.v.), St, bishop of
Sherborne, I. 474.
Adelphi, Terence's play, XXIII. 187.
Adelseerg, town, Austria, i. I51.
Adelung, Friedrich von, German philo-
logist, L 151.
, Johann Christoph, German philo-
logist, I. 151.
Aden, town, Arabia, L 152.
, Gulf of, XX. 316.
Adenoma, glandular tumour, xvill.
379; XXIL 687
Aderno, town,' Sicily, I. 152.
Adersbach Rocks, Germany, I. 153.
Adfoo, town, Egypt, vii. 783.
Adchagh Plateau, Sahara. Africa.
xxi. 149.
Adhemar, bishop of Puy, crusader, vi.
624, 626.
Adherbal, Numidian prince, XIII. 766.
Adhesion, in phy.Mcs, i. 153; causing
capillary action, v. 56.
Adhesiveness, in phrenology, xviii.
844.
Adiab.\tic Compression, xi. 570.
EXP.\NSI0N, of ga.'Cs, XII. 480;
XXII. 480; of steam, XXII. 485, 486.
Adiabene, in Assyria, xviii. 605.
Adiaphorists, Adiaphoristic Con-
troversy, I. 153; XV. 834.
Adib Sabir, Persian writer, XViii. 658.
Adige, river, Austria and Italy, I. 153;
III. 117; XIII. 436.
Adi Granth, Escred book of the
Sikhs, XX. 1 10.
Adil Shah, Persian sovereign, xvill.
643.
Adinida, order of Protozoa, XIX. 859.
Adinole, mineral, XVi. 419.
Adipocere, I. 153.
Adipose Tissue, i. 154, 851.
Adirondack Mountains, New York,
U.S.A., I. 154; XVII. 450; XXIII. 792.
Adit, drainage tunnel in a mine, i. 154;"
XVI. 457; in tunnelling, XXIII. 622.
Aditi, in Hindu mythology, II. 739;
XVII. 152.
Adjudication, in law, i. 154; in
Roman law, XX. 690.
Adjustment, in commerce, l. 154.
Adjutage, delivery tube for liquids,
L 154.
Adjutant, military officer, i. 154.
, bird, L 154; XIII. 529.
Adjygurh, town, India, I. 154.
Adler, Kaspar (Aquila), German
theologian, II. 230.
Adlerbeth, Gudmund Goran. Swed-
ish writer, XXII. 756.
Admensuratio. obsolete English wxit,
XXIV. 694.
Admetus, chieftain of Epirus, VIII.
484.
Administration, in government, XL
16; in intestacy, XIII. 197.
Administrator, in law, i. 154; viii.
800.
Admirable Crichton, vi: 577.
Admiral, naval officer, i. 154; xvil.
291 ; of the fleet, I. 155.
, Lord High, of England, I. 155;
xxii. 458.
Admiralty, Black Book of the, xxi.
5,84-
, British Board of, I. 157; XVII. 292.
, First Lords of the, XVI. 474; list
of, L 156.
, High Court of, I. 158; vice-
admiralty courts, I. 160; XXI. 607.
, Secretaries of flie, list of, L 158.
Charts, i. 162; xvii. 263.
Departments, of different
countries, I. i 58.
Island, United States, L 162.
Islands, Pacific Ocean, I. 162; XV.
835.
Adna - MuoRKi - Kortje, Waterfall,
Sweden, XXII. 737.
Adolf, cmmt of Na.ssau, emperor, X.
493; XVII. 239.
Adolphus, John, English historian, L
162.
, John Leyce.ster, his letters on the
authorship of Waverley, I. 162.
Frederick, king of Sweden, xxiL
751-
Adomnan (Adamnan, q.v.), St, I. 140.
Adon, Semitic god-name, xxill. 237.
Adonis, of Greek legend, I. 163; XIV.
678.
, genus of plants, i. 163.
, river, Syria, I. 163.
Adoptian Controversy (SUi cen-
tury), I. 163.
Adoptianists (3d century), xxi. 127.
Adoption, in law, i. 163; in Roman
law, XX. 672, 713.
, Biblical term, I. 164.
Adoration, i. 164.
Adour, river, France, I. 164; XX. 126
A D O — ^ S C
Adowa, towu, Abyssinia, 1. 164, 64.
Adra, town, Spain, I. 164.
Adram^ttium, tow-n, Asia Minor,
XVII. 122.
Adrastus, in Greek legend, I. 164.
Adria, towni, Italy, i. 164.
, part of Mediterranean, I. 165.
Adrian, or Hadrian. Roman empcxor,
XI. 363.
— S=_ I._V., pope.?, I. 165.
VI., pope, I. 166.
, town, Michigan, U.S.A., I. 165.
of Utrecht, regent in Sjiain (Poi>e
Adrian VI.), XXII. 328.
DE Castello, cardinal, I. 166.
Adriani, Giovanni Battista, Florentine
historian, I. 166.
, Marcello Virgilio, Florentine chan-
cellor, XV. 146.
Adrianople, province, Turkey in
Euroiie, XXIII. 653.
, town, Turkey, I. 1 66 ; battle of
(378), XXIV. 36; treaty of (1829), XXI.
20; XXII. 590; XXIII. 650.
Adriatic Se.\, i. 166; xv. 820; under
protection of Venice, XXIV. 142.
Adrog.\tion, in Roman law, l. 163;
XX. 672.
Adru.metum, ancient town, Norm
Africa, XI. 366.
Adularia, mineral, XVI. 419.
Adule, or Adulis, ancient town, Eastern
Africa, I. 166; XXIV. 826
Adullam, Cave of, I. i66.
Adulteration, i. 167 ; of beer, iv.
273; of butter, iv. 591; of coffee, vi.
114; of honey, XII. 137; of lin.wed,
XIV. 677; of milk, XVI. 305; of oils,
XVII. 745, 748; of opium, XVII. 790,
792; of perfumery, xviil. 527; of silk,
XXII. 64; of tea, XXIII. 100; of wine,
XVII. 795; XXIV. 603.
Adultery, i. 177; in Roman law, XX.
675 ; divorce for, vii. 301.
Adur, river, England, XXII. 723.
ADVA^•CE.MENT OF LEARNING, BaCOU'S
work. III. 210.
Advent, in the calendar, i. 177.
Adventists, American religious ^ct,
XVI. 320.
Adventures of Philip, ThacKeiay's,
XXIII. 216.
Adverbs, in grammar, xi. 41.
Adversus Gentes, Amobius's treatise,
II. 625.
Advertisement, i. 177.
Advocate, legal pleader, I. 178 ; Roman,
xviii. 413.
Advocate-General, Admiralty,i. 161.
Advocates, Faculty of, in Scotland, i.
179; XIII. 91.
Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, xiv.
r22.
Advocation, in Scots law, i. 179.
Advowson, in English law, I. 179;
simoniacal sale of, xxy. 85; in reign
of Henry II., VIII. 305.
Advar, suburb of Madias, xv. 189.
Adytum, of temple, i. 179; xxill. 166.
Adze, edge-tool, XI. 437.
/E, diphthong, I. 179.
iCACUS, in mythology, I. 179.
/Ebutian L.wv, Roman, xx. 696.
Aed, Iri.-ih king, xilL 250.
, Laws of, Scotland, XXI. 478.
Aedan, or Aidan, bishop of Lindisfaruc,
I. 424; xni. 249.
^Edile, Roman public officer, 1. 180;
xxiii. 557; XX. 738, 771.
/Eetes, in Greek legend, II. 496.
.(Egades, or jEgatess islands, west of
Sicily, I. 180; XXII. 31.
/E.CJE, or Edessa, ancient town, Mace-
donia, VII. 652; XV. 137.
^C.CON, in Greek m)-thology, IV. 277.
i^GATES, islands, Sicily, I. 180; XXII.
31 ; battle near (241 B.C.), XI. 410.
.^GEAN Sea, Mediterranean, I. 180; XV.
820; archipelago of, II. 381.
iCGElD.€, Greek clan, XIX. 98.
/Egerine, mineral, xvi. 416.
ALCEVC, in Greek legend, 1. 180: XXIII.
294.
.(Cgialitis, genus of birds, Xiv. 76.
yEGiDlus (Giles), St, X. 595.
/Egilia, island, Greece, v. 346.
iCGlNA, in mythology; I. 180.
, island, Greece, I. 180; coiits of,
XVII. 642 ; sculptures of, II. 350, 352.
itGiNETA, Paulus, Greek surgeon, I. 181;
XV. 804.
/Egis, in mythology-, I. 181; XXI. 135.
/Egisthus, in Greek legend, 1. i8l. "
yCGlTHALUS, genua of birds, XXIII.
419.
i€GITHOGN.\THOUS TVPE, of buxls, III.
715; XVIIL 35.
/Egospotami, river, Thrace, L 182;
battle of (405 B.C.), XI. 102; XXIII.
.Alfred, or Alfred, the Great, English
king, I. 506; viii. 283, 285.
/tIlfric, old English writer, I. 182; viil.
371, 4C36; his Heptateuch, viil. 382.
.^LIA Capitolina, or iElia, a name of
Jerusalem, I. 1S2; XIIL 636.
/ElI/E Insul.^-:, Lipari Islands, I. 182.
.^LI.^NUS, Ca-'i>erius, avenger of Domi-
tian, XVII. 353.
, Claudiu-i (^lian), Roman wTiter,
1. 182; on birds, xviii. 3.
.(Elius Callus, his Arabian exiiedition,
IL 257; XXIV. 739.
/Elius Lampridius, Augustan his-
torian, III. 74.
/Elius Spar riANUS, Augustan liistorian,
III. 74.
/Elius Theon, his rhetoric, xx. 514.
/Ella, king of Deira, England, xvil.
569.
iELUROIDEA, section of Carnivora, XV.
434-
yEMiLlus, Paulus, Italian historian, I.
182.
itMlLlus PAULUK, • Lucius, » Roman
general, XViii. 435.
/Emona (Laibach), ancient town, Austria,
XIV. 215.
yENACHS, ancient Irish fairs, IV. 253.
iENARiA (Ischia), island, Italy, XlII. 385.
iENEAS, in classical legend, I. 182.
Sylvius, Pope Pius II., xix. 152,
503
/En^id, Virgil's epic, xxiv. 253.
/E.vesidemus, Alexandrian sceptic, XXI.
380.
/Enos, Mount, Cephalouia, v. 344.
/EOLIA, or jEolis, country, Asia ilinor,
L 182.
/EOLI/E Insul.€ (iEolian Islands), Medi-
terranean, I. 182; XIIL 441; XIV. 682;
XXII. 31.
/EoLiAN Harp, musical instrument, i.
182.
iEoLiANS, ancient peopje, Greece, XL 90.
iEoLic Dialect, of Greek, XL 132.
/EOLIS, country, Asia Minor, I. 182;
coins of, XVII. 646.
/EOLOPILE, ancient heat engine. III. 839;
XXIL 473.
^OLOSOMA, genus ot worms, xxiv. 679.
/EOLOTROPV, VII. S04; magnetic, .X.V
243.
ALbhVS, in mythology, I. 183.
/Eon, space of time, L 183.
jEons, of Gnosticism, x. 701 ; of the
Manda:ans, XV. 468 ; of Valentinus,
XXIV. 39.
iEpiNUS, Franz Maiiit, German chcminf,
I. 183; his electrical researche", Vin.
8.
/Epyornis, exunct bird, XV. 171.
/Epyornithes, order of birds, xviii.
44.
/Epvprymnus, genusof marsupials, xill.
840.
.(Equi, or /Equians, ancient people, Italy,
I. 1S3; XIIL 445; XX. 739, 742.
jErarians, class of citizens, ancient
Rome, I. 183
/Erarium, Roman treasury, L-i83.
Aer.\ted Bread, hi. 255
Aerated Waters, l 184.
Aeroe, island, Deumark, I. 184.
Aerolite, i. 184; xvi. 108. ,
Aeronautical Society, i. 202.
Aeronautics, l 185 ; electric motorsin,
xxin. 496.
Aerophores, for mines, vl 73.
Aero-planes, for flying luachines, ix.
319. 322-
Aerostat, Benson's, ix. 322.
Aerostatics, Aerost.\tion, ix. 308;
in the Dark Ages, L 185; works on,
I. 207.
.^RTSZEN, Pleter, Dutch painter, I. 208.
/Eruli, ancient German tribe, XI. 774.
JEs, metal, money, I. 20S ; XVI. 726 ;
j xvil 637, 652
iEsCHlNES, Athenian philosopher, I.
I 20S.
8
iE S C — A G A
/ESCHINES, Greek orator, I. 20S: vii.
70.
/EsCHNID,t, family of insects, /II. 3*5.
/EsCHVLUS, Greek tragedian, 1. 208;
VII. 405; XI. 140; liis place in poetry,
xtx. 26S.
/EscHYNiTE, mineral, xvi. 427.
/ESCULAPIUS, goil of healing, I. 209; VI.
444; XV. 799.
^scuLAPius's Snake, xxii. 194.
/ESCULUS, genus of trees, XII. 205.
iCsERNiA (Isernia), ancient town, Italy,
xilt: 386; XXI. 249.
/EsiR, gods of the Northmen, I. 209;
VII. 650.
/Esis, or ^sium (Jesi), ancient town,
Italy, XIII. 644.
/ESOP, Greek fabulist, I. 211; III. 181,
VIII. 837; Syriac translation of his
fables, XXII. 850
, Greek historian, I. 212.
./Esopus, Clodius, Roman actor, I.
212; VII. 412.
/tSTHACYTES, sense-ceJls, in sponges,
XXII. 420.
/CSTHESIOMETER, for measuring sensi-
tiveness of touch, xxni. 480.
^Esthetic Feelings, xx. 70.
./Esthetics, i. 212; xviii. 795; in rela-
to the fine arts, IX. 194; the name
due to Baumgarten, III. 447 ; Herbart
on, XI. 720; Hutcliesou on, XII. 411 ;
Kant on, XIII. 852.
.(Estivation, of animals, xr. 787 ; of
plants, IV. 13.
Aetas, aborigines of the Plulippines,
XVlli. 752.
Aeth, town, Belgium, II. 827.
yCTHALEiA (Lemnos), island, ..Egean
Sea, XIV. 436.
yETHELHERHT (Ethelbert), king of
Kent, VIII. 278, 567.
/Ethelfrith (Ethelfrith), king of
Northumberland, viii. 271, 278; xvii.
569.
/Ethelings, Saxon princes, viii. 289;
xviii. 302.
yEXHELNOTH (Agelnoth), archbishop of
Canterbury, I. 279..
yCTHELRED, Saxon king of England,
VIII. 2S6, 567.
^THELSTAN, Saxon king of England,
II. 830; VIII. 285.
/Ethelwulf, Saxon king o1 England,
VIII. 56S.
/Ether, in interstellar space, vill. 568.
, of pharmacy, viii. 568.
/Ethiopia (Ethiopia, q.v.), country,
Africa, VIII. 611.
/Ethiopica, Greek romance by Helio-
dorus, XI. 632; XX. 635.
/Ethra, of Greek legend, xxill. 294.
/Etiology, in biology, in. 688; its
relation to pathology, xyill. 361 ; of
parasitism, xviii. 262 ; of sponges,
XXII. 426.
Aetion, Greek painter, I. 224.
AetIU.S, foundei' of Ariau sect, I. 224.
, Greek jihy-sician, I. 225; xv. 804.
, Roman general, I. 224; XX. 781;
XXIV. 37.
/Etna (Etna), volcano, Sicily, viii.
627.
AetOBATIS, genus of fi.«hes, XX. 300.
/EtoLIA, province Greece;, I. 225 ; coins
of, XVII. 642.
/Etolian League, i. 225; xi. 107.
.Etolians, people of Messenia, Greece,
XVI. 53.
Aetomorph^, group of birds. III. 713.
^.x, genus of birds, XXIII.. 105.
Afanasief, Aleksandr Nikolaevich,
Russian writer, I. 225.
Af.\rs, people of Central Africa, XXII.
255-
Afer, Doniitiu.-i, Roman orator, I. 225;
XX. 187.
Affections, The, in Butler's philo-
sophy, IV. 586 ; Stoic doctrine of, X.XII.
567. See also Ethics.
Affidavit, in law, i. 226.
Affiliation, in law, in. 426; xv.
779-
Affinity, or relationship, j. 226;
systems of, IX. 22
, Chemical, I. 226, I53;'v. 463, 464,
473-
Affirm.ation, m place of oath, l. 226;
XVII. 701.
Affonso (Alphonso) 1., king of Por-
tugal, I. 618; XIX. 540.
II., of Portugal, I. 618; XIX. 541.
III., of Portugal, I. 618; XIX. 542.
IV., of Portugal, I. 618; XIX. 543.
. . v., of Portugal I. 618; XIX. 544.
VI., of Portugal, I. 618; XIX. 548.
Affre, Denis Auguste, archbishop of
Paris, I. .226.
Afghanistan, i. 227;- 11. 685, 694 ; con-
■juest of, by Alexander, !. 4S3 ; policy
of Ellenborough towards, VIII. 146;
relations with India, XII. 807, 811;
with Persia, xviii. 648; Ghur terri-
tory in, I. 231; X. 569.
Afgh.\ns, in India, XII. 792.
AFGHAy Turkestan, i. 241.
Afghan War, of 1839, xii. 807; of
1878, XII. 811.
Afium-Kara-Hissar, ^ town, Asiatic
Turkey, I. 244; XIV. 2
Afnu, language. Central Africa, xii.
3'S.
Afragola, to-HTi, Italy, I. 244.
Afranius, Lucius, Latin poet, I. 244.
, Lucius, Roman consul, I. 244.
Africa, i. 245 ; ancient geography of, x.
14; XIV. 551 ; Ptolemy's geography
of, XX. 95 ; ancient, conquest of by
Vandals, XXIV. 58; coalfields, VI. 58;
diamond mines, vii. 164; xi. 204;
XXIII. 518; explorations of, X. 182, 188,
194; XVII. 498, 504; XXIV. 763; by
Earth, III. 401; by Bruce, IV. 393;
by Livingstone, XIV, 720; by Jlun-
zinger, xvii. 33; by Park, xviii.
297; by Speke and Grant, XXII. 390;
flora, VII. 289; forests, IX. 407; fre.sri
water fislies, XII. 672; gold, X. 744;
languages, xvill. 778, 780; XXI. 643,
654; dictionaries of languages, vn.
192; Chiistian missions, XVI. 51/;
Negro race in-, XYII. 316; oases, XVII.
695 ; rainfall, XVI. 1 53 ; religions, XX.
362 ; slave trade in, XXII. 143.
Africa, Petrarch's Latin poem, xvill.
711
, Soutti, birds of, XVIII. 16.
African Race, in United States, XXIII.
821.
Africanus, Julius, church historian,
'■ 273-
Afsos, Sher Ali, Hindustani -wiiter, XI.
849.
After-Effect, in magretisM, xv. 258.
After-Glow, in twilight, xxiii. 67/,.
Afzelius, Adam, Swedjsli paturalist,
I. 273.
, Anvid August, Swedish liistorian,
I. 273.
Aga, Turkish title, I. 273.
Agadah, of the Jewish Midrash, XVI.
285, 503; XXIII. 36.
Agades, town. Central Africa, I. 273;
XVII. 695.
Ag.\dir, town, Algeria, xxill. 422
, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
Agalmatolite. mineral, xvi. 425.
Agamas, sacred books of the Jains, XIII.
544-
Agamemnon, in Greek logend, i. 273;
XI. 92; XVII. 827. ■
. , drama of ^schylus, I. 209.
Agami, bird, XXIII. 394.
Agamid.«, family of lizards, xiv. 733,
736-
Agamogenesis, in biology. III. 686; of
insects, XIII. 146.
/\gan, town, Ladrone Islands, XIV.
200.
Agape, love feast, i. 274.
AGAPETUS I., pope, XIX. 493.
II., pope, XX. 788.
, Byzantine wiiter, I. 274.
AgapORNIS, genus of birds, XV. 28.
Agarde, Arthur,^ngli3h antiquary, I.
274.
Acar-Ellis, G. J. W., Lord Dover, vii.
3S1.
Agaricus, luusnroom, ix. S32 ; xvii.
74.
Agariste, Wooing of, at Sicyon,xxii. 32.
Agarpara, town, India, xxiii. 673.
Agasias, Greek sculptor, I. 274.
Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph, naturalistj
I. 274; his classification of animals,
XXIV. 810; of fishes, XII. 634; on
Echinodermata, II. 52; on naturalisa-
tion, I. 84; ou the origin of man, 11.
no.
Agate, stone, I. 277; xvi. 389: xvii.
776.
A G A — A G U
AGATHARCHIDE3. Grecli grammarian,
I. 278.
A.GATHARCHUS, Greek painter, I. 278.
A.GATHIAS, Greek historian and poet, I.
278; II. 103; IV. 612.
A.GATHI Island, Laccadives, xiv. 183.
A.GATHO, Greek tragedian, I. 278.
A.G.\THOCLES, tyrant of Syracuse, i. 278;
XXII. 20, 816.
A.GATH\ RSIANS, people of Ti-ansylvania,
XXI. 575.
Agave, American aloe, I. 597; Xli. 262.
. SlSALENSlS, sisal-hemp plant,
XXIV. 758.
Agaw, or Agow, Abyssinian language,
I. 64; XXI. 655.
Agde, to-\vn, France, I. 278.
ACDISTIS, mother of the gods, XVIII.
691.
Ag'e7 I. 278 ; its influence on suicide,
XXII. 631 ; proportion of, in popula-
tion, XIX. 515; longevity, Xiv. S57.
Ageing, in calico-printing, iv. 687.
Agel.\das,' Greek sculptor, I. 279; II.
350; XVIII. 734.
Agelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury,
I. 279.
Agema, Macedonian cavalry, XV. 140.
AGEN, towTi, France, I. 279.
Agenardus (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, VII. 697.
Agency, in law, i. 280.
Agend.\, liturgical service book, xiv.
710.
Agent, in diplomacy, commerce, and
law, I. 280; in partnership, XVIII.
330-
de Change, in Fiance, i. 281.
Age of Reason, Paine's, xviii. 136.
Acer Publicus, Eohiau public lands,
I. 289; XX. 673.
Agesander, Rhodian sculptor, XIV. 293.
AGESiLAUS,king of Sparta, I. 281; xviii.
577-
Ageusia, disease (loss of taste), xxill.
80.
Agglutinative Languages, xi. 39;
xvi. 749; xviii. 774.
Aggregate Combinations, in me-
chanics, XV. 762.
Aggregation, States of, in physics, i.
282.
Aggtelek, cave, Hungary, I. 420; Xll.
362.
Agh.\, Turkish title, I. 273.
Muhammad, shah of Persia,
XVIII. 645.
Aghlabites, African Moslem dynasty,
xvi. 579.
Aghrim, Ireland, Battle of (1691), I.
282.
AciLULF, king of the Lombards, XIV.
815.
Agincourt, or Azincourt, Battle of
(141 5), I. 282; viii. 320; IX. 549.
Agio, in commerce, I. 283.
Acis, kings of Sparta, I. 283
Agistment, Tithe of, i. 283.
Agisyamba, African country, in Pto-
lemy's geography, XX. 95.
Aglaophamus, Lobeck's work, XVll.
124.
Aglv, river, France, XX. 128.
Agmondesham (Amersham), tovm,
England, I. 735.
Agnano, lake, Italy, L 283.
Agn.\tes, in Roman law, i. 283; XX.
6SS.
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana, Italian mathe-
matician, I. 283.
, Maria Teresa, Italian musician, I.
284.
Agni, Hindu god of fbe, Xll. 780; XXI.
276.
AgnoeTjE, neretical sect, i. 284.
Agnoiologv, theory of ignorance, IX.
no.
Agnolo, Baccio d', Florentine sculptor,
I. 284.
DA Siena, Italian architect, i. 285;
XXII. 39, 44.
Agnone, town, Italy, I. 284; tablet
found at, XIII. 446.
Agnosticism, Kanfian, xviii. 794;
XXIII. 246; in modern theology, XXlll.
249.
Agnus Dei, i. 284.
Agobard, archbishop of Lyons, I. 284.
Agol\nti, Sandro di Giovanni, glass
paintings of, X. 670.
AG ON A, Carnival spoi-ts of the, Rome, v.
122.
Agonalia, Roman festivals, i. 284.
Agonic Lines, in magnetism, i. 284.
.^gonostoma, genus of fishes, xvii. 18.
Agonotheta, superintendent of Greek
games, I. 284'.
Agora, Greek market place, I. 285 ; of
Athens, III. 2, 8 ; Olympian, xvii.
769.
Agoracritus, Greek sculptor, n. 356.
Agor.\nomoi, Greek magistrates, I. 285.
Agoratus, Lysias's sneech against, XV.
119.
Agordo, to\n\, Italy, I. 285.
Agosta, town, Sicily, I. 285.
Agostini, Leonardo, Italian antiquary,
L 285.
Agostino, Piolo, Italian musician, I.
285.
DA S1EN.4, Italian architect, I. 285.
Veneziano, Italian engra\er, XV.
531-
Agouti, genus of rodent mammals, 1. 285.
Agra, division and district, North-
Western Provinces, India, I. 285; XVII.
572 ; town, I. 286.
Agram, town, Austria, I. 287; VI. 592 ;
university of, XXIII. S52.
Agraphia, disease, 11. 171.
Agrarian Laws, Roman, u 287; xiv.
261; XX. 737, 757, 759, 765, 767.
Agreda, town, Spain, I. 289. .
Acreement, in law, vi. 322.
Agret, town, Asiatic Russia, XXII. 821.
Agricola, Christoph Ludwig, German
painter, I. 290.
, Cn;eus Julius, Roman general, I.
289 ; in Britain, IV. 353 ; his invasion
of Caledonia, IV. 663; XXL 471; Ufe
of, by Tacitus, XXIII. 20.
, Georg, German mineralogist, I. 290.
, Johannes, German Reformer, I.
290; II. 129.
, Johanu Friedrich, German musi-
cian, I. 290.
, Rudolphns, German scholar, I.
290.
Agricultural Holdings Act, of
1875 (English), X!V. 275 ; of 1883, XX.
306.
Agricultural Socteties, i. 305 ; list
of, xxiL 227.
Agriculture, i. 291 ; effects of foreign
competition on, VI. 414 ; Arthur
Young's contributions to knowledge of,
XXIV. 755; small farms, I. 412; XIV.
268.
Agriculturists, Education of, i. 408.
Agri-Dagh, mountains, Transcaucasia,
XXIIL 514.
Agrigentum (Girgenti), ancient towii,
Sicily, L 417; XVIIL 729; XXII. 15, 16.
Agrionia, Greek festival, L 417; VII.
249.
AGRI0NID.E, family of insects, vii. 385.
Agrippa, sceptical philosopher, XXI.
380.
, Henry Cornelius, German philo-
sopher, I. 418.
, Herod, king of Judsea^ I. 417; XIII.
426.
, Herod, II., king of Chalcis, i. 418;
XIIL 426.
, Marcus Vipsanius, Roman general,
I. 418.
Agrippina, wife of Gcrmanicus, I. 419.
, mother of Nero, I. 419; XVII. 347.
Agroteras Thusia, Greek festival, I.
420.
Agtelek, village and cave, Hiuigary, I.
420; XII. 362.
Agua, Volcano de, Central America, I.
420.
Aguado, Alexander Maria, Jewish
banker, I. 420.
Aguarico, river, Ecuador, vii. 646.
Aguas Calientes, town, Mexico, l. 4201
XVL 214; state, XVI. 214.
Ague, disease, ix. 126; xv. 316; xviil.
394-
Aguesseau, Henry Fran9oi3 d', French
chancellor and author, VI. 761; IX.
670.
Aguilar, Grace, English authoress, I.
420.
DE LA Frontera, town, Spain,
I. 420.
Aguillon, Frangois d' (Aguilonius),
mathematician, I. 420; on binocular
vision, XXII. 537.
XXV. — 2
10
A G U — A J M
AouiRRA, Josef Saenz d', Spanish writer,
I. 420.
AcuLHAS, Cape, South Africa, I. 420.
Current, xii. 822; xvii. 276.
Agulians, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
Agusan, liver, Philippine IsJands, xvill.
752-
Agylla, or Caere, town, Etruria, IV.
632; VIII. 635.
4ha, bishop of Seleucia, Syriac writei-,
XXII. S25.
Ahab, king of Israel, I. 420; VIII. 134;
XIII. 40&
Ahacgar, plateau, Sahara^ Africa, XXI.
149.
Ahala, Roman family, I. 421.
Ahalkalaki, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, XXIII. 514.
Ahams, race of people, Assam, II. 718;
XII. 791.
Ahanta, territory, Gold Coast, Africa,
I. 421.
Ahasuerus, king of Persia, I. 421; Vlli.
560.
. , the Wandering Jew, XIII. 673.
Ahaz, king of Judah, I. 422 ; Xlll. 412.
Ahaziah, king of Israel, i. 422.
Ahenobarbus, Roman family, I. 422.
Ahirs, tribe, India, xviii. 72; XV. 303.
Ahithqphel, of Scripture, l. 422.
Ahl Hadr, nettled Arabs, II. 249,
Ahmad, Sayyid, Hindu 'Wahhabist. Xi.
849.-
Ahmadabad, district and to\ni, British
India, I. 422.
Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Urdu writer,
XI. 850.
AHMADNACAR,di.strict and town, British
India, I. 423.
Ahmed I., Turkish .sultan, xxill. 644.
II., sultan, XXIII. 646.
—— III., sultan, I. 97; XXIII. 646.
^ — Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 748;
XXI. 91.
— — Pasha, Turkish vizier and poet,
XXIII. 656.
Pasha, Turkish vizier, XXlll. 645.
. Shah, Afghan ruler, I. 239, 424;
XII. 796.
— — B. TULUN, founder of an Egyptian
dynasty, xvi. 586.
Ahoms, Shan ti4be, Burmah, XXI. 773.
Ahr, river, Germany, XX. 20, 519.
Ahriman, Zoroastrian ])rinciple of evil,
1.424; VII. 136; XVII. 85S; xxiii. 238;
XXIV. 822.
Ahts, American race, Jlythology of,
XVII. 148.
Ahuachapan, town, San. Salvador,
Central America, XXI. 268.
Ahudhemmeh, Syriac m-iter, XXII.
834-
Ahuitzotl, ancient Mc.-cican ruler, xvi.
210.
Ahura-Mazda, or Ormuzd (7.1-.), Zoiu-
astrian principle of good, XVIII. 327;
XXIII. 23S; XXIV. 822.
Ahwaz, town, Persia, I. 424.
Al, three-toed sloth, XXII. 162.
, town, Palestine^ I. 424.
AIBUGHIR, gulf. Sea of Aral, XXIII. 634.
AlD.\N, St, bishop of Lindisfarne, I. 424;
XIII. 249; x.xi. 475.
, ancient Scottish king, I. 424.
Aide-de-Camp, military officer, I. 425.
AlDiN, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 425;
province, xxili. 653.
Aids, feudal tribute, I. 425.
• TO Reflection, Coleridge's work,
VI. 138.
Aiguille du Midi, mountain, France,
XIII. 385.
Aiken, town. South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXII. 288.
Aikenhead, David, Leighton's epi-
gram on, XIV. 427.
Aikin, John, English -nTiter, I. 425.
, Lucy, English writer, I. 425,
Aikinite, mineral, xvi. 395.
Airman, William, Scottish portrait
painter, I. 425.
Ailanthus Silkworm, xxii. 60; silk
from, xiv. 216.
AilantO, tree, II. 320.
AlLLY, Pierre d', French cardinal, X.
549; XVII. 132; XX. 320; XXI. 431.
Ailred, English historian, I. 425.
AiLSA Craig, rock. Firth of Clyde. l.
426.
AlLURID/E. family of Carnivora, xv.
441.
Al.ME, G., on the temperatuie of the
Mediterr.inean, XV. 823.
AiN, department, France, I. 426.
, river, France, XIII. 7S2; XX. 528.
Ainad, town, Arabia, I. 426.
Aine-Cliach, ancient divi.sion, Ireland,
XIV. 649.
Ainhardus (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, VII. 697.
Ainmuller, Maximilian Emmanuel,
German glass-painter, I. 426.
Ainos, tribe, Jajjan, I. 426; XIII. 581;
their language, XIII. 5S6; dictionary
of, VII. 192; m Sagha,lin, XXI. 147. •
AlNSWORTH, Henrv, English divine, I.
426; XII. 724.
- — , Michael, Shaftesbury's letteis to,
XXL 732.
, Robert, author of Latin Dic-
tionary, I. 437.
AiNTAB, town, Syria, I. 427.
Air, I. 427; III. 28, 3S1; xvL 114; xix.
240; XXIV. 157; constituents of. III.
32; measurement of density of. III.
381; expansion of, XIL 4S0; experi-
ments on, by Cavendi.sli, V. 272 ; flow
of, in pipes, XII. 490; force of, under
cninjircssion, VIII. 2o^\ geological
iiiHuonces of, X. 264; in relation to
health, XIL 567; n.^o of hot in fur-
naces, IX. S46; mea-suremeut of
humidity in, XII. 569; impurities in,
XXIV. 157; navigation of, I. 187;
physical properties of, III. 28; xix
240; purification of, by fire, L 120;
as medium of conveying sound, 1.
100; sound waves in, XXI V. 418 j
temperature of, at different elevations,
I. 196; temperature of, over open sea,
XVI. 117; thermometric properties of,
XL 574; diffusion of aqueous vapour
in, VIII. 729; errors from weighing
in, XXIV. 478 ; weight of. III. 28, 32.
Air, country. Central Africa, i. 429;
XVIL 695.
, mountain, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
AND Fire, Scheele's treatise en,
XXL 38S.
Airav, Henry, Puritan divine, I. 430.
Air Blast, in forging, ix. 412 ; in iron
smelting, XIII. 290.
Airdrie, town, Scotland, I. 430.
Aire, river, England, i. 430.
, town, Landes, France, I. 430.
, town, Pas-de-Calai.s. France, I.
430; XVIII. 340.
AlRECHT, ancient Irish court, IV. 254.
Airedale College, Bradford, Eng-
land, IV. 197.
Air-Enhine, I. 428; XXII. 522.
Air-Gun, i. 428.
Airolo, town, Switzerland, XXIII. 351.
AIR-PUMP, I. 429; XVL 30; XIX. 246;
Guericke's invention of, XL 245 -,
Papin's improvements on, XVIII. 228.
Manometer, xv. 496.
Air Thermometer, xl 563.
Airy, Sir George B., on aberration of
eyepieces, XXIII. 144; on the lunar
theory, XVI. 801 ; on the solar paral-
lax, XVIII. 250; on tides and waves
xxiiL 372.
Aisha, wife of Mohammed, XVI. 552.
Aisi.v GlORO, Manchu legendary hero,
V. 649; XV. 467
Aisle, in architecture, i. 430.
Aisne, department, France, I. 431.
Aistulf, king of the Lombards, XIV.
815.
Aitken, W., on brass manufactures) iv.
217.
Aiton, William, British botanist, I. 431.
Aitzema, Leon van, Dutch historian,
L 431.
Aix, town, France, I. 431.
Aix-LX-Chapelle, Xovm, Rhenish
Prussi.i, I. 431; XX. 21 ; mineral water
of, XVI. 435 ; peace of (1748), VI. 270;
IX. 5S6; treatyof (166S), IX. 576.
Aix-les-Bains, town, France, I. 431-
XXI. 332 ; mineral water of, XVl. 435.
AjACCio, town, Corsica, i. 432.
Ajan, region, Africa, I. 432.
AjAX, in Greek legend, I. 432.
, Sophoclcs'.s dram.i, XXII. 272.
OiLEUS, in Greek legend, I. 433.
Ajeho, to\ni, Manchuria, I. 433.
Ajl, jieople. Central Africa, XXII. 256.
Ajmir, or Ajmere, district and town
India, I. 433; division, XX. 260.
A J O — A L B
11
AjODHYA, town, British India, vin. S55.
AjURUOCA, towTi, Brazil, i. 434.
Akaba, Gulf of, Red Sea, 1. 434; XX. 316.
, statiou for Moalcm homages, xvi.
551-
Akabah, town, Arabia, I. 434.
Akakia, Diatiibc Ju Docteui-, Voltaii'e's
work, IX. 671; XXIV. 289.
Akatzirs (Khazars), jKbple, Xiv. 60.
Akb.\r, the Great, emperor of Delhi, I.
434; II. 700; XII. 794; XX. no.
Kh.\n, Afghan prince, I. 240.
Ak-dach (Aiarat), mountain, Aimenia,
• II. 309.
Ak Demz, lake, Sj-ria, XXII. 821.
Ake, P)iamiil of, Yucatan, xxiv. 759.
Ake.man Street, Roman road, England,
XVIII. 94.
Aken, to\™, Prussia, I. 435.
'■ y Hein van, Dutch roniancist, XII.
90.
Akenside, Mark, English poet, i. 435.
AkerbL-AD, Jan David, Swedish Orien-
talist, I. 436.
Akerman, town, Russia, I. 436; conven-
tion of (1826), XXI. 20.
-»-, Jolin i'onge, English nuniUmatist,
1.436.
AkeRM.^NN, Prof., ou iron and steel,
XIH. 282.
Akhaf, deseit, Arabia, II. 240.
Akhalzikh, or Akhaltsikh, town, Trans-
caucasia, Russia, I. 436; xxili. 514.
Akhb.\r (Akbar, J.v.), emperor of Delhi,
I. 434.
Akhb.\ris, Mohammedan theological
Bcliool, XXII. 665.
Akhdar, Jebel, province and mountain
range, Arabia, II. 238, 255.
— « — , Jebcl al, district, Trijxili, North
Africa, XXIII. 575.
AHHISS.^R, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 436.
Akh.MIN, to«-n, Upper Eg)-pt, VII. 794.
Akhtuba, branch from the .'olga,
Russia, XXIV. 279.
Akhtvrka, town, Russia, I. 436.
Akiba, Ben Joseph, rabbi, i. 436.
Akier>lan, or Akerman, convention of
(1S26), XXI. 20.
AKK.A (Aci^), town, Syria, I. 120.
Akkad (Accad), district, Mesopotaniia,
XVI. 51.
Akodah, settlement, 'West Africa, X.755.
AK0L.\, district and town, Briti.«h India,
I. 436.
Akra, citadel, Jerusalem, XI 1 1. 641.
, Jeljel, mountain, Syria, xxil.
821.
AKR-icAS (Agrigentum), ancient town,
Sicily, I. 417; XXII. 16.
Akron, town, Ohio, U.S.A., I. 437; xvii.
737-
Akropong, settlement, West Africa,
II. 217; X.755.
Akrostomum, genus of nemeiline
worms, XVII. 326.
AksajJEU;, mosque, Jerusalem, xiii. 642.
AKSaRAI, river, Afghan Turkestan, I.
241.
Ak-SU, to«Ti, Chinese Turkestan, I. 437;
XXIII. 63S.
Ak-tube, town, Asiatic Russia, xxin
627.
Akua.mi;, country, West Africa, II. 217.
AkvaB, district and toi«^, British Bur-
mah, I. 437; II. 305.
Al.\bama, State, U.S.A., I. 438; XXIII.
761 ; popidation, xxiii. 802.
, Confedei-at«! ci-uiser, xxill. 777,
782.
Group, Eocene rocks, X. 305.
Alaba.vdine, mineral, xvi. 392.
RUBV, mineral, xvi. 3S6.
Alab.\ster, mineral, I. 439; xv. 529,
XVI. 401.
, William, English writer, I. 439.
Alacalufs, race, TieiTa del i'uego,
XXIII. 384.
Al_\CHUA, savanna, Florida, U.S.A., IX.
338.
Al-^CHUN D.\GH, mountain ranee, Cau-
casus, v. 255.
Alacranes, islamls. Gulf of Mexico, I.
440.
Al.\-Dach, mountains, Asia Minor, ii.
705-
Al-AghlaE, founder of a Moslem
dynasty, xvi. 579.
Al,\gh6z, mountain, Tianscaucasia,
XXIII. 514; suljihur from, X.\II. 634.
Alagoas, province, Bi-azil, I. 440.
Alaha-Zekha, Syriac WTiter-, XXII.
844-
Alai, plateau and mountains. Central
Asia, XVIII. 103; XXII. 3.
Alain de Lille, theologian, i. 440;
XXI. 325.
AL.^IS, town, France, I. 440.
.A.LAJUELA, town, Costa Rica, L 441.
Ala-Kul, lake. Central Asia, XXI.
64a
AlalitE, mineral, XVL 416.
.Alam, emjjeror of Delhi, XII. 802.
Alam.\NNI, Luigi, Italian jjcot, I. 441.
.■\lamannic Law, xxi. 215.
Al.\MO, towTi, Texas,'U.S.A., X.\I. 254.
AL-^MOS, Los, town, Mexico, I. 441.
deBarrientos, Balthazar, Spanish
philologist, I. 441.'
Au^Ml/T, mountain forties.^, Persia, 11.
723-
Al.\n, William, caiJinal, I. 441.
Aland Islands, Gulf of Bothnia, i.
441-
Al.\ng-Alang, grass, in Java, Xlll. 602 ;
in Sumatra, xxiL 639.
AL-\NS, or Alani, Eastern tribes, I. 441 ;
in Spain, XX. 780; XXII. 308; their
inroads on Persia, XVIII. 602: on
Rome, XX. 780.
ALAntika, mountain, Soudan, Africa,
XXII. 248, 277.
Alanus ab Insi;lis, theologian, L 44a
Al-AOTRA, lake, Madagascar, XV. 169,
AlaphiON, early Syrian Christian,
XXIL 291.
Al_\RCON, Henmndo de, ' Spanish
navigator, I. 442.-
Y Mendoza, Jnan Rniz de,
Spanish dramatist, L 442; VIL 421;
XXII. 359.
Alaric, king of the West Goths, i.
442; X. 849; destruction of Athens
by, III. 10; in Italy, XX. 780; hi*
relations to Stilicho, xxil. 550.
II., king of the Goths, L 443.
Alaru.m Clock, vl 24.
Al.^SCO, John, Polish theolc^ian, J. 443.
AL.\-Shehr, tovm, Asia Minor, L 443.
Alask.\ Territory, U.S.A., I. 443 ; area
and population, XXIII. 802 ; purchased
frcm Russia, I. 711; XXIIL 7S2; birds
of. III. 752; seal fisheries of, XXL 583.
Al.\t.\u, mountains. Central Asia, XXL
64; XXIIL 633, 637.
A1.ATRI, town, Italy, I. 444.
AU4TVR, town, Russia, XXII. 77.
AL-AUD.\, genus of birds, XIV. 314.
.\l.\v.a, pi-ovince, Spain, L 444; XJilI.
298.
, Miguel Kicardo d', Spanish general,
L 445.
Alay, Turkish ceremony, I. 445.
AL-AZUN, river, Caucasus, V. 255.
Alb, ecclesiastical vestment, I. 44J; vl
461.
Alba, town, Italy, L 445
, or Alba Longa (q.v.\ ancient tov. n,
Italy, XIV. 344.
, or Alva (j.r.), Duke of, L 047.
Alb.\CETE, province, Spain, L 445; XXIL-
290 ; town, I. 446.
Alb.\CORE, fish, XXIIL 625.
Alba Long.\, ancient toivn, Italy, L
445; XII. 166; XIV. 344; XVIIL 489.
Alb.\n, St, British martyr, L 446.
Hills, Rome, xx. 807.
Alb.\ni, Francesco, Italian painter, I.
446; XX. 396.
, Giovanni Francesco (Pope Clement
XL), V. 822.
Albani.\, ancient country, Asia, 1. 448.
, Scottish kingdom, XXL 477.
, pro\'ince, Turkey in Eiir< pe, I.
446; XXIII. 653.
Albanian Language, xviil 784; dic-
tionaries of, VI I. 189.
ALB.ANIANS, in Greece, XL 83.
Alban Mount, Jupitor worshipped on,'
XIII. 7S0.
Albano, town and lake, Italy, L 448.
, FiancEsco, Italian nainter, L 446;
XX. 396.
Albany, towm. New York, U.S.A., L
44S; XVII. 454, 457; State libi-ary at,
-'<i'^'- 535. 550-
, town. Western AusU-alia, XXIV.
50S.
, Louisa of Stolberg, countess of, U
449; XXII. 99; her relations with
Alfieri, I, 503.
12
Albavv, Dukes of, regents of Scotland,
XXI. 491, 497; XXII. 610.
Albarine, liver, Fiance, XIII. 7S2.
ALBARR.4CIN, district, Spain, XXII. 293.
Al.KATEGNl, Arabian astiouomer, I.
449; II. 751; XVI. 596; XXIII. 561.
Albatross, bird, i. 449; xv. 334.
Al-Battani (Albategni), Arabian astro-
iiumer, I. 449: II. 751; XVI. 596.
Alba'N', tovni, Pliiliiipines, i. 449; '^'°^-
caiui, XVIII. 749.
Albazin, town, Asiatic Russia, I. 747.
Albe, ecclesiastical vestment, I. 445.
Albemarle (Auniale), town, France, in.
S5.
, George Monk, duke of, XVI. 751.
, island, Galapagos, Pacific, X. 17.
Alberic, patrician of Rome, xx. 787.
Alberoni, Giulio, cardinal and Spanisli
minister, I. 450; IX. 584; XXII. 337.
Albert l.-V., duke.« of Au.stria, i. 450.
, Acbilles, elector of Brandenburg,
XX. 4.
,tlie Bear, margrave of Bramlenburg,
I. 451; XX. 2.
I., king of Gernianv, I. 450; x. 493;
his rule iu Switzerland, XXII. 782.
II., of Germany, I. 450; X. 496.
, cardinal, elector of JIainz, I. 451.
, first duke of Prussia, I. 451.
, king of Sa.xony, XXI. 356.
, king of Sweden, XXII. 746.
, prince consort, of England, I.
451.
of Saxony, monk, on floating in the
air, I. 186.
of Stade, romancist, XX. 639.
Alberta, district, Nortb-West Territory,
British America, xvil. 573.
Albert Edward, Mount, Vancouver
Island, XXIV. 57.
Albert Hall, London, xiv. 836.
Alberti, LeonBattista, Italian architect,
I. 453; II. 437; XIIl. 508; XX. 558.
Albertine Tracts, on nolitical
economy, XIX. 356.
Albertini, Ippolito Francesco, Italian
phy.sician, xv. 815.
, J. B., Swiss poet, XX 1 1. 79'^
Albertite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Albert Nvanz.^, lake, Africa, I. 453;
xvii. 505.
Aleertrandv, John Christian, Polish
historian, I. 453.
Albertus Magnus, scholastic philo-
isopher, i. 453; xvi. 710; xxi. 427; on
alchemy, I. 464; on birds, xvili. 3;
his recipe for flying, I. 186.
Albertville, town, France, xxi. 332.
-■\LBi, town, France, I. 454.
Albigenses, religious sect, i. 454; xvi.
7io;-xviii. 434; XX. 322; crtlsades
against them, IX. 541.
Albin, Eleazar, on birds, xviil. 5.
Albinism, skin disease, xxil. 122.
Albino, person abnormally white, 1.
455-
A L B — A L C
Albinus, Bernard "Siegfried, anatomi.*t,
I. 455, 814.
, Clodiu.~, Roman general, xxi. 699.
, Flaecus (Alcuiii), learned ecclesi-
astic, L 471.
Albion Printing Press, xxiil 704.
Al-Biruni, Arabian geographer, xiv.
57-
Albis (Elbe), ri\-er. Gorman^-, vil.
825.
Albite, mineial, xvi. 419.
Albizzeschi, St Bernardino, Sienese
preachei', IIL 603; XXII. 43.
Albizzi, their contests with the Medici,
XV. 783.
Alboin, king of tlie Lombards, I. 455;
XIII. 467; XIV. 814; XVII. 234.
.\lbornoz, Spanish cardinal, I. 455;
XX. Sox.
Albrecht, or Albert, dukes of
Austria, I. 450.
Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg,
musician, i. 455.
Albrechtsburg Castle, Mei.'v«cn,
Saxony, XV. 831.
Albret, Hairi d', king of Navarre, xv.
538-
Albuera, rillage, Spain, i. 456.
.A.LBUFERA, Duke of (Sucliet), Frencli
marshal, XXII. 617.
■ DE Valencia, lagoon, Spain, i.
456; xxii. 295; xxiv. 33.
Album, i. 456.
Albumazar, Arabian astronomer, 1.
456.
Albumen, i. 456; in milk, xvi. 303;
of plants, IV. 155.
— Process, in photography, XVIII.
824.
Albumenoids, nitrogenous caibon com-
pounds, xvn. 520.
Albuminoid Substances, of animal
origin, v. 5791
Albuminous Degeneration, in
pathology, XVIII. 390.
Albuminuria, disease, iv. 345; xviil
387-
Albuquerque, towni, Spain, i. 456.
, Alphonso d', Portuguese governor
of India, I. 456; XII. 797.
, Juan AI01120 de, minister of Pedro
I. of Castile, XVIII. 450.
Alca, genus of birds, X. 78; XX. 302.
Alc/EUS, Greek poet, i. 457.
Alcaics, in poetry, i. 457.
.Alcaide, Spanish officer, i. 457.
Alcala de GUADAikA, town, Spain, i.
457-
Alcala de Hen ares, town, Spain, 1.
458 ; birthplace of Cervantes, v. 347.
Alcala la Real, town, Spain, i.
458.
Alcalde, Spanish official, I. 458.
Alcamenes, Greek sculptor, I. 458; II.
356.
Alcamo, town, Sicily, I. 458.
Alcantar.4, seaport, Brazil, I. 458.
Alcantara, tomi, Spain, i. 45S.
, Knights of, I. 45S: xxii. 316.
Alcaraz, town, Spain, 1. 45S.
Alcarrazas, Spanish waler-jais, n. 24.
Alcavala, Spanish tax, I. 458; xxii.
320.
Alcavde, Spanish officei', I. 457.
Alcazar, palace, of Segovia, XXL 623,
of Seville, XXI. 709; of Toledo, XXi'?
436.
DE San Juan, tow-n, Spain, 1.
459-
Kebir, town, Jlororco, i. 459.
ALCEDO, gemis of birds, XIV. 81.
Alcelaphus Caama, species of .u.te
lopes, XL 496.
Alceo, pastoral by Ongaro, XVIII. 345
Alceste, in Greek legend, I. 459.
, opera by Gluck, X. 694.
Alce.ster, town, England, i. 459; xxi -
379-
Alcestis, in Greek legend, L 459.
, play of Euripides, vjll. 674.
Alchemv, 1. 459; connexion of
chemistry with it, v. 459.
Alcherius, Jehan, early writer on
dyeing, vn. 571.
Ai.chred, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
Alchuku (Ajeho), town, Manchuria, i.
433-
Alciati, Andrea, Italian jurist, i. 467.
Alcibiades, Greek leader, I. 468; XI.
102; XVIII. 576.
Alcidamas, Greek politir-.il sophist,
XXII. 265.
Alcimus, Jewish high priest, XIII. 422.
Alcinous, of Greek mythologj-, i. 468;
XIX. 559.
, Greek philosopher, I. 468.
Alcionius, Petrus, Italian cla.ssical
scholar, I. 472.
Alciphrcn, Greek letter-\vriter, i. 46S;
XX. 636.
Alcira, town, Spain, L 469; xxiv. 33.
ALC.M.^N, or Alcmajon, Alexandrian
critic, I. 469; ancient MS. of his Avrit-
ings, xvm. 146.
Alc.mene, motlier of Hercules, I. 469.
AlCOCK, John, English bishop, I. 469.
Province, Nortli Borneo, xxi.
123.
Alcohol, i. 469; its action on the
brain, VII. 482; XIII. 102, 109; its
ilietetic uses, VII. 204 ; diseases caused
by, VII. 50; xvill. 407; in fermenting
dough. III. 254; formation of, IV. 275;
VII. 264; IX. 92; Liebig's investiga-
tions on, XIV. 566.
, Metliyl, XVL 194.
Alcoholometer, xii. 540.
Alcohol Thermometer, xl 562.
Alcohols, in chemistry, v. 553, 562.
Alcoy, town, Spain, I. 471.
Alcudia, Duke of (Godo ), Spanish
statesman, I. 471; XIX. 550; xxn. 342.
Alcuin, early English ecclesiastic, I.
A L C — A L E
la
471; VIII. 406; XVI. 707; academy
originated by, I. 69; as librarian, XI v.
5'3-
Alcyonaria, order of corals, VI. 384;
XXIII. 609.
Alcyone, genus of birds, xiv. 82
Alcvonidium, genus of Polyzoa, XIX.
440.
AlCYONIUS, Petrus, Italian classical
scholar, I. 472.
Al - Dajjal, the Mohammedan anti-
christ, II. 126.
Aldan, river, Siberia, L 472; xxii. 5;
XXIV. 726.
Mountains, Sibeiia, h 472.
Aldborough, town, SuiTolk, England,
L 472; XXII. 622.
, tovra, Yorkshire, England, I. 472.
Alde, river, England, XXI I. 621.
Aldebert (Hildebert), bishop of Tours,
XI. 814.
Aldeburgh (Aldboi ough), town, Eng-
land, I. 472; xxn. 622.
Aldegonde, St, F. van Marni.\, lord
of, Dutch Reformer, XII. 92.
Aldegrever, or Aldegraf, Heinrich,
German painter, I. 472.
Aldehydes, in chemistry, v. 567.
Alden, island, Norway, XVII. 576.
Alder, tree, I. 472 ; culture of, IL 318.
Alderman, i. 472; xvn. 27.
Alderney, Channel Islands, England,
I. 473.
Cattle, xiii. 635.
Aldershot, town and camp, England,
1. 474; XI. 431; XXIL 694.
Alderson, Amelia (Mrs Opie), xvii.
787-
Aldfrid, king of Northumbeiland,
xvii. 570
Aldhelm, St, early English author, I.
474; VIII. 403; his Psalter, VIIL 382.
Aldine Press, xv. 512.
Aldini, Giovanni, Italian physicist, I.
474-
Aldobrandini, Ippolito (Pope Clement
VIII.), V. 822.
Aldobrando, Italian writer, XIII. 501.
Aldo Manuzio, Venetian printer, XV.
512; his Greek classics. III. 656.
Aldona, Anna, wife of Casimir III. of
Poland, XIX. 28S.
Aldred, archbishop of Yo;lv, I. 475.
Aldrich, Dr Henry, English writer, I.
475-
Aldrisi (Edrisi), Arabian geographer,
VII. 669.
Aldrovanda, genus of insectivorous
plants, XIII. 137.
Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Italian naturalist,
I. 475 ; on birds, XVIII. 4.
Aldstone, town, England, I. 476.
Aldus Manutius, xv. 512; his edition
of Greek classics, iii. 656.
Ale, I. 476; IV. 275 ; adulteration of, i.
172 ; Burton, IV. 572.
Aleandro, Qirolamo, cardinal, I. 476.
Ale-Conner, assize officer, i. 476.
Alecto, one of the Furies, vm. 524.
Alectorides, group of birds, xviil.
45-
Aleman, Louis, cardinal, I. 476.
, Mateo, Spanish romancist, XXII.
357-
Alemanni, German tribe, I. 476; X. 476;
invasion of Roman empire by, XX. 777,
779; XXIL 729; Narses's campaigns
against, XVII. 233.
, Luigi, Italian poet, I. 44/.
, Nicholas, editor of Procopius, XXIII.
276
AlemaNNUS translator from Arabic, 11.
270
, Johannes, Venetian painter, XXi.
436, 442.
Alembic, for distillation, i. 477.
Alemtejo, province, Portugal, I. 477;
XIX. 537.
ALENfON, town, France, I. 477; XVIII. 2;
lace of, XIV. 186.
, Duke of, IX. 562.
, Marguerite d', princess, XV. 538.
Alenio, GiuUo, Jesuit mis.sionary, I.
477-
Aleppi, town, Travancore, India, XXIII.
525.
Aleppo, town, Syria, I. 477 ; province,
XXIII. 653.
Ales, Alexander, Scottish Reformer, I.
478; XXI. 542.
Aleshki, town, Russia, XXIII. 83.
Alesius (Ales), or Aless, Alexander,
Scottish Reformer, I. 478; XXI. 542.
Alessandri,. Alessandro, Italian juris-
consult, I. 479.
Alessandria, province and town, Italy,
I. 479.
Alessi, Galeazzo, Italian architect, I.
479-
Aleth (St Servan), ancient town,
France, XXI. 197.
Aleurometer, flour measurer, IX.
347-
Aleutian Islands, l 479; birds of,
. "'• 753-
Aleuts, ra 'e of people, America, xii.
826.
Alevin, newly-hatched salmon, XXI.
224.
Alexander I., pope, i. 486.
II., pope, L ^86; XIX. 49S; XX.
791.
III., pope, 1. 486; XIX. 500; XX.
794; resists Frederick Barbarossa,
XIII. 471.
IV., pope, L 487; XIII. 475; XX.
797-
v., pope, I. 487; XIX. 502: XX.
804.
VI., pope, I. 487; XIII. 481; XX.
323, 806; his hostility to Savonarola,
XXI. 336.
VII., pope, I. 490.
VIII., ix>pe, I. 490; XIX. 506.
Alexander, of Battenberg, prince of
Bulgaria, xxiil. 652.
— , kings of Epirus, viii. 484.
, Leopold Franz Emmerich, prince
of Hohenlohe, priest, and miracle-
worker, XII. 51.
, the Great, king of Macedonia, L
480; XI. 104; XV. 139; extent of his
conquests, X. 175; his invasion of'
India, XII. 786; of Persia, XVIII. 581;
his capture of Persepolis, XVIII. 559;
his conquest of Phrygia, xviii. 852;
his siege of Tyre, XVIII. 8og ; Arrian's
history of, II. 631 ; romancing histories
of, XX. 640; marble head of, II. 362 J
coins of, XVII. 641.
, king of Poland, XIX. 290.
I., czar of Russia, L 491; XVIL 485;"
XXI. TOO.
II., of Russia, XXI. 102.
III., of Russia, XXI. 102.
I., king of Scotland, L 491; XXI.
482.
II., of Scotland, I. 491; XXI. 484.
III., of Scotland, L 491; XXL 485.
, voivode of Walachia, XXI. 17.
of Aboniteicho.s, mystic, XVII. 130.
— - of jEtoIia, Alexandrian critic, I.
499-
of Aphi;odisias, Peripatetic philo-
sopher, I. 4S6; XVIII. 546.
of Hales, theologian and' philo-
sopher, I. 486 ; XXI. 427 ; Roger Bacon's
tirade against him, in. 219.
of Tralles, Byzantine physician, I.
4S6 ; XV. 804.
, Lucian's dialogue; XV. 45.
, Era of, V. 715.
, Archibald, American divine, I. 492.
, Joseph Addison, American divine,,
I. 493.
, Sir William, earl of Stirling, Scot-
tish poet, L 493 J his relations to Maine
and Nova Scotia, xv. 301 ; xvil. 603.
AB Alexandro, Italian juriscon-
sult, I. 479.
Bala; , king of Syria, I. 486.
Jann.EUS, king of the Jews, I.
486.
— — Jaroslawitz Nevski, saint, u
492.
Nevski, of Novgorod, xxi. 90.
Alex.andra, Lycophron's poem, I. 499.
Land, South Australia, XXII. 2S3..
Nile, river, Central Africa, xvii.
505.
Palace, London, Xiv. 836.
Alexandre, Racine's drama, XX. 205. '
ALEXANDRETTA, town. Asia Minor, XXI..
366.
Alexandria, town, Egypt, i. 493; vii.
767; founding of, I. 482; XV. 140 r
battle of (iSoi), I. 38; catacombs at,
V. 215; coins of, XVII. 651 ; commerce'
of, XXIII. 655; glass-making at, X.
650; libraries, XIV. 510; burning
of them, I. 778; literature, XI. 143;
14
A L E— A L K
museum, I. 69; observatory, xvii.
709; schools of learning, I. 498; xv.
144; XVII. 839.
Alexandria, Era of, v. 714.
, town, Scotland, i. 496.
, tovm, Virginia, U.S.A., I. 496 ;
XXIV. 259.
Tro.^s, cUy, Asia Minor, xxiil.
580.
Alexandrian Canon, v. 5.
Alexandrian Manuscript, i. 496;
XVIII. 147.
Ale.xandrian School, i. 498; ana-
tomy in, I. 801; astronomy, 11. 748;
medicine, XV. 801; XXII. 674.
Alex.\ndrine Verse, i. 500.
Alexandrite, mineral, xvi.-386.
Alexandroff, town, Russia, xxiv.
271.
AlexaNDROPOL, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, XI. 277; XXIII. 515.
Alexandrovsk, town, Ti-anscaspian
Region, Russia, XXIII. 513.
Alexandrovskaya, town, Russia, XXII.
472.
Alexandrovskii Posad, town, Russia,
XX. 36.
Alexiad, historical work, by Anna
Comnena, II. 60.
Alexin, to^vTi, Russia, xxiii. 605.
Alexipharmaca, ix)em by Nicamler,
XVIL- 476.
Alexis, Greek poet, I. 501.
, czar of Russia, XXI. 96.
, son of Peter the Great, XVIII. 699.
, Wilibald, German novelist, XI.
479-
ALEXH7S I., Coranenus, Byzantine
emperor, I. 501 ; his relations with the
crusadei-3, vi. 625.
, emiieror of Trebizond, XXIII. 533.
Alfani, Domenico, Italian painter, I.
501.
Al-Farabi, Arabian philosopner, I. 501 ;
II. 267.
Alfeeyah, Arab grammar, II. 265.
Al-Fezi (Riph), Jewish rabbi, .xx.
566.
Alfieri, Vittono, Italian ]x>et, I. 502 ;
vn. 417; xiil. 513.
Alfold, jilain, Hungary, Xll. 361.
.Alfonso. See Alphonso.
Alford, Henry, dean of Canterbury, I.
503.
Alfred, the Great, English king, i.
506; VIII. 283, 285 ; his translation of
C^dmon's poems, I v. 630; his influence
on English literature, viii. 404.
Croquis, nom-de-crayon of D.
Maclise, painter, xv. 165.
Jewel, Enamelling of, Viii. 183.
Alfwold, Northumbrian king, xvii.
570.
Alg^e, order of plants, I. 507; XXIV. 125 ;
their relations to Fungi, III. 692; IX.
834; to lichens, xiv. 556; as para-
•itic plants, xviii. ;66; rejirotluction of.
IV. T07, 162; XX. 425, 430; in her-
barium, XI. 717; diatoms, vii. 170.
Alcardi, Alessandro, Italian sculptor,
I. 509; XXI. 570.
Algarotti, Francesco, Italian author, I.
509.
Algarrobo, Peivman trees, xviii. 671.
Alcarve, or Algarves, province, Portu-
gal, I. 509; XIX. 536.
Algau, district, Bavaria, I. 510.
Al-Gazali, or Algazel, Arabian philo-
sopher, I. 510; II. 268.
Algazel, species of antelo]>e, 11. loi.
Algebr.v l 511; its place in mathe-
matics, X v. 630 ; determinants in, viii.
497 ; Caiilan's work on, v. 90 ;
Leonardo of Pisa's contributions to,
XIX. 125; Vieta's, XXIV. 224; Wallis's,
XXIV. 332.
Algeciras, town, SjKim, i. 562.
Alger, of Clugny, French author, I.
562.
Algeria, country, Africa, l. 562; rx.
525; XVII. 628; forests, IX. 407; mines,
XVI. 469 ; wine industry, XXIV. 607.
Algerine Pirates, i. 566.
Algerus Macister, French author, l.
562.
Algeziras, to\ni, Sjiain, i. 562.
AL-GH.iZALl, Arabian philosopher, I.
510; II. 268.
Alghero, town, SaixJinia, I. 569; XXI.
309.
Algiers, toi\-n, Algeria, I. 570 ; cap-
tivity of Cervantes at, V. 350 ; conquest
of, by the Turks, XXIII. 643; obser\'a-
tory at, xvii. 716.
Algin, mucilage, xvii. 12.
Algoa Bay, Cape Colony, i. 570.
Algodonite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Algoma, district, Ontario, Canada, XVll.
776.
Algonquins, American Indians, I. 688.
690; XII. 827.
ALGORITH.M, XVII. 626.
Algum, incense, XII. 718; tree, I. 596.
Alhagi Manna, xv. 493.
Al-HaK-\m, emir of Cordova, XXII.
310.
II., caliph of Cordova, XXII. 313.
Alh.\m.\, town, Granada, Spain, I. 570.
, town, Miircia, Spain, I. 570 ;
mineral spring at, xvii. 51.
Alhambra, palace, Granada, Sjmin, I.
570; architecture of, 11. 447; wall-
decorations of, XVII. 36.
Alhasan ibn-.Mohammf,d Abwazzan
Alfasi (LeoAfricanus), tiavcUei-, XIV.
453-
Alhazen, Arabian mallicmatician, I.
572; on optics, .XIV. 578.
Alhucemas, lay and islets, Morocco,
XVI. 830.
Ali, calijjh, I. 572; XVI. 548, 563, 566,
592; XXII. 663; shrine of, at Meshed-
Ali, XVI. 46; house of, xvi. 574, 579,
584.
Ali, Seyed Mohammed, founder of
Babism, III. 180.
Bev, .«uIuui of Egj-pt, I. 572; VII.
758.
Bey (Domingo Badia y Lel)licli),
Spanish traveller. III. 227.
Pasha (Aislan), ruler of Albania,
I. 573; XI. 125; XXIII. 649; his attack
ou Paiga, XVIII. 273.
Pasha, jxisba of Egypt, vii. 761.
Pash.\, Turkish vizier, XXIII. 646.
Alias, in law, i. 574.
Aliaska (Alaska, q.v.), ten-itoiy, U.S.A.,
I. 443.
Alibi, in law, i. 574.
Alicante, province and town, Spain, I.
574; XXII. 298.
Alicata, to\ni, Sicily, I. 574.
Alice, Lyttou's novel, xv. 123.
ALictJDi, Lipari Islands, Mediterranean,
XIV. 6S3.
Alien, in law, i. 574; relations of, in
war, XIII. 194.
.Alienation, of land, vi. 434; xx. 307.
Alien-Houses, in architecture, 11. 459.
Aligarh, district, British India, I. 576.
Alighieri, Dante, Italian jxiet, VI. 809.
See Dante.
Alignments, lines of stone monuments,
XXI. 51.
Aliment, in Scots law, l. 576.
.Aliment.\, Trajan's, for poor and orphan
childien, XXIIL 504.
Alimentary Canal, vii. 221; xvii.
668 ; in maniraals, xv. 362.
Alimentary System, of birds, in. 725 :
of reptiles, XX. 457.
Ali.mentiveness, in phrenologj-, xvili.
845'
Alimony, in English law, i. 576.
Ali Murad, Persian khan, xviii. 644.
.ALI-OLL.^HIS, commui'ityof Kurds, xiv.
.58.
Aliscans, French chanson, IX. 638.
Alisma, genus of plants, XIX 176.
Alison, ArchHjald, Scottish divine, l
576; on the princijjles of ta^te. I. 223.
, Sir Archibald, historian, I. 577.
, William P., Scottish physicisn, XV.
817.
Alizarin, colourmg matter, I. 577 ; iv.
687; XV. 176.
Alk.\li, in chcmistr}', I. 578; volatile,
L 741.
Alkalies, Metals of the, v. 524; their
spectra, XXII. 375.
Alkaline Develofer, in photography,
XVIII. S26.
Alkaline Phosphates, xviii. 819.
Alkaline Springs, xvi. 435.
Alkalinity, of sea-water, xxi. 612.
Alkaloids, in chemistry, I. 578; natu-
ral, or native, v. 576; xvii. 520; vege-
table waste-products, XIX. 53.
Alkama, Arabic poet, XVI. 537.
Alkanet, plant, I. 578.
Ai.-1C\NTAR.\, town, Moroccii. xvi. 832.
A L K — A L M
15
Al-Kharizmi, Arabian mathematician,
XVII. 626.
Al-Kindi, or Alkindiiis, Arabian philo-
sopher, I. 578; n. 267.
Alkmaar, town, Netherlands, I. 578.
, Heinrik Ton, German satirist, I.
578.
Alkosh, Mesopotamia, Nahiun'a tomb
at, XVII. 165.
Alkylamines, in chemistry, xvir. 519.
AiLADA, towns, Dahomey, Africa, vi.
766
Allah, Arabian name of God, i. 578;
XVI. 546.
Allahabad, division, disinct, and town,
British India, L 578; xvii. 572.
Allah-Dagh, mountains, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, XXIII. 511.
Allah-ud-din Khilji, sultan of Delhi,
XII. 793.
Allamand, Jean Nidolas Sebastian,
natural philosopher, I. 579.
Allan, David, Scottish painter, I. 5S0.
, Sir William,. Scottish painter, I.
580.
ALLANITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
Allantois, of mammals, xv. 369.
Allas, mountain, Timor, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXIII. 397.
Allasch, liqueur, Xiv. 687.
iLleghany, Virg-nia, U.S.A., mineral
water of, XVI. 436.
, river, United States, I. 580.
Mountains, U.S.A., i. 580, 678;
XVIII. 499 ; XXJII. 795 ; birds of the,
IIL 751-
Allegheny, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., I. 580; XIX. 150; observatory
at, XVII. 715.
Allegiance, in law, l. 580 ; in relation
to domicile, VII. 351 ; oath of, 1. 580;
XVII. 701.
Allegorical Interpretation, of
Scripture, XI. 743.
Allegories, of the Pliysiologus, xix. 6.
Allegory, i. 5S1; viii. 837.
Allegra, daughter of Lord Byron, XXI.
792.
Allegri, Antonio (Correggio), nainter,
VL 437; XXL 437, 443
, Gregorio, Italian musician, I. 581.
Alleine, Joseph, English divine, I.
581.
, Richard, Enjdish dirtnc, I. 582.
.Alleluia Hymns, xii. 5S2.
Allemontite, mineral, xvi. 380.
Allen, Bog of, Ireland, I. 5S2.
, Ethan, American patriot, XXiiI.
787.
. , John, i>olitical writer, I. 583.
— — , Ralph, inventor of cross-ioad.i
postal system; XIX. 565.
, Thomas, English mathematician,
L 583.
, William, cardinal, I. 441.
— , William, pianoforte maker, XI x.
75-
Allentown, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., L 583.
Allestry, or Allestree, Richard, English
Royalist, I. 583.
Alleyn, Edward, founder of Dulwich
College, Lontlon, I. 583; VIL 520.
, Thomas, English mathematician,
I. 583.
All Fool's Day, ii. 214.
Allgau, district, Bavaria, L 510;
Allgemeine Zeitung, German news-
paper, VI. 480; XVII. 428.
All-Hallows, or Allhallowtide, fes-
tival, I. 578; XIII. 245.
Allia, Battle of (390 B.C.), XX. 740.
Alliance, i. 585.
, The Holy (181 5), IX. 619.
DEs -^ROis Cotillons (1756), ix.
588.
Allier, aepartment, France, I. 58^
, river, France, I. .585 ; XX. 119.
Allig.\T0R, rentile, I. 585; VL 594;
XX. 446.
, river. South Australia, XXII. 284.
Leather, xiv. 389.
Pepper," XVIII. 517.
Terrapin, tortoise, xxiil 458.
Alungton Castle, Kent, England,
XIV. 40.
Allis Shad, fish, xxi. 720.
Alliteration, i. 585.
Alliterative Concord, in philology,
XIII. 820; XVIII. 7S0; XXIV. 827.
Allium, genus of plants, x. 81; xiv.
409.
Alli.x, Pierre, French divine, i. 586.
Allman, G. J., on Polyzoa, XIX. 431;
on Protozoa, XIX. 860.
Alloa, to^^•n, Scotland, I. 5S6.
Allodium, in land tenure, i. 587.
AlLoioccela, tribe of worms, XIX. 172,
174.
Allomorphite, mineral, XVI. 400.
Ali.opalladium, mineral, xvi. 383.
AllOphane, mine.-al, xvi. 424.
Allolobophor/ , genus of- worms,
XXIV. 678.
Allori, Alessandio, Italian painter, I.
587.
, Cristofano, Italian painter, I.
587.
Allotropy, in chemistry, i. 587.
Alloway Kirk, Ayrshire, Scotland.
III. 164.
Alloxan, in chemistry, I. 587.
Alloy, l. 587; in coinage, XVI. 483,
725-
Alloys, in assaying, 11. 724-, lusing
point of, XX. 132; of gold, X. 750; of
mercury, XVI. 33; of platinum, XIX.
191 ; of silver, XXII. 71.
All-Saints Day, i. 578.
Allsopp's Breweries, Burton, Eng-
land, IV. 572.
All Souls College, Oxford, xviii.
96.
All Souls Day, xvii. 606.
Allspice, or Pimento, xix. 97; xviii.
517.
Allstedt, district, Germany, XXL 349.
Allston, Washington, American painter
and poet, L 588, 722.
All the Talents, English ministry
of, VIII. 363.
Allucingoli, Ubaldo (Pope Lueins
IILX XV. 48.
Alluvial Deposits, x. 365; xil 62,
504, 736.
Alluvion, Law in regard to, XX. 505.
Alluvium, land made up of sediment,
I. 589.
Allyghur, or Aligarh, India, L J76.
Allyn, William, cardinal, I. 441.
Alma, river, Russ.d, L 589; battle of
the (1854), L 589.
Dagh, mountains, Syria, $xil.
821
Almaden, town, Spain, I. 589.
Almagest, Ptolemy'sastronomical work,
I. 589; XX. 87; II. 750; X. 177.
/\LMAGR0, town, Spain, I. 589.
, Diego d', Spanish commander, I.
589; XVIII. 677.
Almai, singing girls of Egypt, I. 592.
Almali, toM-n, Asiatic^ Turkey, I. 589.
Al-Mamun, caliph, I. 589; XVL 582.
Almanac, i. 590.
, Nautical, xvii. 2(x>.
Almanack de Gotha, i. 592.
Almanack, Poor Richard's, L 721; IX.
712.
Almansa, or Almanza, town, Spain, 1.
552; battle of (1707), IX. 582.
Aljiansor, Moorish ruler in Spain,
XV. 500; XXII. 314.
Al-Mansur, or Almanzor, Moham-
niedan princes, XV. 500.
Almaty, town. Central Asia, XV...
303.
Alme, singing girls of Egypt, I. 592.
Almeida, town, Portugal, l. 592.
, Francisco de, viceroy ot Portuguese
India, I. 592.
Almelo, town, Holland, XVIII. 78.
Almeria, province and town, Spain, I.
593; XXII. 298
Almery, in architecture, n. 459.
Almohades, Mohammedan dynasty, i.
593; in Spain. XXIL 316; in Tunis,
XXIII. 621.
Al-Mokanna. Moslem impostor, xvL
580.
Almon, uonn, political writer and
publisher, I. 594.
Almond, tree and fruit, i. 594; xn. 269;
XVIII. 442.
, river, Scotland, XIV. 669.
Almondbury, town, England, I. 595.
Almondell House, Linlithgow, Scot-
land, XIV. 670.
Almond Nut, xvii. 664.
Xlmond Oil, xvii. 744; chemistry of,
xxiv. 626.
Almoner, ecclesiastical officer, i. 595.
16
ALMONRY, m prchitccture, II. 459.
Almora, to-mi, India, I. 595-.
Almoravides, Mohaiiimedan dynasty,
I. 595, 565; XV. 525; xxn. 316.
Almqvist, Karl Jonas Ludwig, Swed-
ish writer, I. 596; XXII. 757.
Alms, in errly chiirch, xviii. 422.
Almsgiving, in relation to poor laws,
XIX, "463.
Almshouses, English, xix. 465.
Almuce, church vestment, VI. 463.
AlmUG Tree, of Scripture, I. 596.
Almunecar, town, Spain, I. 596.
Al-Nahr (Oxus), river, Central Asia,
XVIII. loi.
Al-Nasira (Nazareth), town, Palestine,
XVII. 302.
Alne, river, England, XVII. 565.
Alnwick, town, England, i. 596; xvii.
567, 568.
Alod, or Alodium, in land tenure, I.
5S7; IX. 120.
Aloe, plant, l. 597; Xll. 262; incense,
XII. 71S.
Aloid.«, or Aloiad;«, in Greek legend,
'• 597-
Aloin, bitter principle m plants, Xix.
53-
Alombrados, Spanish mystics, Xll. 706.
Alompra, Burmese king, I. 597; I v.
556.
Alonzo, ki.igs of Spain and Portugal, I.
615. See Alphonso.
Alopecia, skin disease, xxii. 121.
Alopecias, genus of sharks, xxi. 777.
Aldst, town, Belgium, i. 597.
AlOURIE, town, West Africa, XII. 710.
Alp, mountain pasture, I. 620, 632.
Alpaca, wool-bearing animal, I. 597;
IV. 12; XIV. 740; relation of domesti-
cated to vild forms, IV. 251.
Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan, i. 598;
XVI. 44, 588; XX. 730; XXI. 634.
Alpe di Succis.4, Apennines, Italy,
XIII. 437.
Alpen-Horn, trumpet, xxiii. 593.
ALPES, tluea departments (Basses,
Hautes, Maritimes), France, I. 599.
Alpha and Omeg.a, i. 599.
Alphabet, i. 600; letters of, as numerals,
XVII. 625; characters inancient inscrip-
tions, XIII. 114; Celtiberian, XII. 605;
deaf and dumb, vii. 8 ; Egyptian, XI.
S07; eaily Greek, XII. 112; Hebrew,
XI. 597 ; hieroglyphic, XL 796 ; A. J.
Ellis's palaeotype, XXII. 381, 385;
Phccnician, XI. S07; xvill. 802, 806;
phonetic, XVIII. 812; XXII. 39; phono-
graphic, XXI. 836; Roman, Xill. 125;
Sabsan, xxiv. 740; Sanskrit, XXI.
270.
'Alph^us, father of the apostle James,
XIII. 552.
Alpharabius (Al-Farabi), Arabian
philosopher, 11. 267
Al-Phasi (Riph), Jewish rabbi and
Talmiidist, xx. 566.
A L M — A L T
Alphen, Hieronymus van, Dutch
writer, xil. 97.
Alpheus, river, Gieece, I. 615; xvii.
765.
Alphonsine Tables, in astronomv, i.
617.
Alphonso, or Alfonso, I., king of
Aragon, I. 617; xxil. 316.
II., of Aragon, I. 618; XXII. 316.
III., of Aragon, i. 618; XXII. 322.
IV., of Aragon, I. 618; XXII. 323.
v., of Ai-agon (I. of Sicily), i. 61S ;
XIII. 47S ; XXII. 324.
I. -III., kings of the Asturias, I.
615 ; XXII. 311.
IV., king of Leon, I. 615.
• • v., of Leon, 1. 615 ; xxiL 312.
■ VI., king of CastUe, I. 615 ; XXII.
316; XIX. 539.
VII., of Castile, I,-6i6 ; XIX. 540;
XXII. 316.
VIII., of Castile, I. 617; XXII. 317.
IX., king of Leon, I. 616; XXII.
317-
X., the Wise, king of CastUe, I.
616 ; XXII. 318.
XI., of Castile, I. 617 ; XXII. 319
XII., king of Spain, xxiL 346.
I.-IV., princes of Este, viii. 559.
I.-VI., kings of Portugal, L 618.
See also AffonsQ.
de Cartagena, Spanish historian,
I. 619.
Alphonsus a Sancta Maria, Spanish
historian, I. 619.
AlpinI, Prospero, Italian physician and
botanist, I. 619.
Alpinia, genus of plants, X. 17.
Alpnachersee, Lake of Lucerne,
Switzerland, XV. 41.
Alps, the,- l. 619 ; geological structure
of, X. 37', 373 ; Hannibal's passage
of, XL 441; XX. 749; heights o',
compared with the Himalayas, XI.
826; Saussure's observations on, XXI.
324; Southern, XIII. 434; Styrian,
XXII. 614; Swiss, KXU. 776, 779.
Alpujarras, or Alpu.\aras, district,
Spain,. I. 636.
Alred, archbishop of York, I. 475.
Alredus, early English historian, I.
636.
Alresford, New, town, England, i. 636.
Al-Russ, town, Arabia, xvii. 774.
Alsace, province, Germany, i. 636;
ceded to Spain, XXII. 330; annexed to
France (1675), IX. 577; X. 502; re-
stored to Germany (1871), IX. 627; X.
513-
Alsen, island, Schlesmg-Holstein, i.
637; XXI. 414.
Alsop, Vincent, Puritan divine, I. 637.
AlsOPHILA, genus of tree-ferns, X.XIII.
534-
ALSTED, Johann Heinrich, German
author, I. 637; his Encycloptedia, viii.
!93-
Alston, Charles, Scottish botanist, I,
638; on the sexes of plants, IV. 82.
, Mount, Tancouver Island, XX I v.
57-
Alstonia Gum, xi. 339.
Alstonite, mineral, xvi. 398.
Alston Moor, town, England, I. 476.
Alstroemer, Jonas, Swedish indus-
trial reformer, I. 638.
Alt, river, Transylvania, 1. 638.
Altai Mountains, Siberia, I. 638; 11.
686; XXII. 2; XXIII. 438.
Altaite, mineral, XVI. 391.
Altamaha, river, Georgia, U.S.A,, X.
434-
Altamura, town, Italy, I. 638.
Altan Khan, Mongol chief, xvi. 744.
Altar, i. 638.
Altar-Worship, xxiii. 165.
Altazimuth Theodolite, x. 165.
Altdorf, town, Switzerland, i. 642;
XXIV. II.
, Bavaria, University of, xxiii. 845,
848.
Altdorfer, Albrecht. German paint«r,
I. 642.
Alten, river, Norway, xvii. 576.
Altenburo, town, Germany, I. 642;
XXI. 347.
Alten Getting, to^vn, Bavaria, i. 643.
Altenstein, castle, Saxc-Meiningen,
Germany, I. 642.
Alternation of Generations, hi.
6S7; IV. 159; xiii. 146; XX. 429.
Alth/EA Rosea, species of plants, xil.
102.
Al-Thing, parliament of Iceland, xil.
618, 621.
Althorp, Lord (Earl Spencer), English
statesman, XXII. 391.
Altieri, Emilio (Pope Clement X.), \".
822.
Altin, lake, Siberia, I. 642.
Alting, Heinricli, German theologian,
I. 642.
, Jacob, German theologian, I. 642.
Altionos (Tours), ancient town, France,
XXIII. 491.
Altis, in ancient Olympia, XVII. 766,
768.
Altitudes, Geodesic Jcterniination of,
X. 171; meridian, xvii. 269; deter-
mination of. in surveying, x.xil. 707,
711.
Altmark, disUict, Prussian Saxony,
XXI. 359.
Alto Douro, Portugal, wine industry
of, XVII. 795 ; XXIV. 607.
ALTO.tTTiNG, town, Bavaria, I. 642.
Altofts, jjarish, Yorksliire, Englan-!,
XVII. 552.
Alton, town, England, I. 642.
, town, niinois, U.S.A., 1. 643.
Locke, Kingsley's novel, xiv. SS.
Altona, town, Sclileswig-Holstciii, 1.
643; XI. 404; XX. 16; XXI. •415;
observatory at, XVII. 712.
A L T — A M B
17
Altoona, to-rni, Pennsylvania, I. 643.
Alto Orinoco, territorv, Venezuela,
XXIV. 140.
Altorf, to^\-n, Switzerland, I. 642 ;
XXII. 778.
Alto-Rilievo, in srculpture, !. 643; the
largest in .the world, I. 509.
Altringham, town, England, i. 643.
Altruisji, in Comtist system, VI.
237-
Altvater, mountain, Moravia, xvi.
810; XXII. 53.
Aluco, genus of birds, XVIII. 91.
Alum, chemical salt, I. 643; mineral,
XVI. 402.
Alumat, ting of Persia, Xviil. 633.
Aluiibagh, enclosure, Lucknow, I. 647.
ALUiMlNlTE, mineral, I. 645 ; xvi. 401.
Aluminium, chemical element, I. 647;
V. 532; first isolated by Wohler, xxiv.
627 ; ores of, xvi. 58 ; spectrum of,
XXII. 377 ; sulphate of, XXII. 637.
Bronze, iv. 367.
Alunite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Alunogene, mineral, I. 645; XVI. 401.
Alured, early English historian, I.
636, 425.
Aluta, river, Transylvania, I. 638;
XXIII. 521.
Alva, village, Scotland, i. 647; xxii.
554-
, Duke of, Spanish general, I. 647;
XVIIL 744; in Holland, xil. 75.
Aj-Varado, Pedro de, Spanish dis-
coverer, I. 648.
Alvarez, Francisco, Portuguese tra-
veller, I. 648.
, Jose, Spanish sculptor, I. 649.
, Manuel, Spanish sculptor, I, 649.
Alvaro de Luna, Spanish minister,
xxii. 321.
Alveolar Sarcoma, disease, xviii.
369.
Alwar, state, India, I. 649; XX. 260.
Alwin, Henry Fitz, first mayor of Lon-
don, XIV. 844
Alyattes, Lydian king, xv. 100; XXII.
186; his tomb, near Sardis, n. 401;
XV. 98.
Alypius, Greek writer on music, I. 649.
of Antioch, geographer, I. 649.
Alvth, town, Scotland, I. 649; XVIII.
667.
Am.\davat, bird, xxiv. 463.
A.MADEUS I.-IV., counts of Savoy, XXI.
339-
v., of Savoy, I. 650; XXI. 341.
VL, VII., of Savoy, XXL 341.
VIII., duke of Savcy (Felix V.,
antipope), L 650; XIX. 503; XXL 341.
IX., duke of Savoy, XXI. 341.
of Aosta, king of Spain, XXII. 346.
A-M.\DI, African nation, XVII. 473.
Amadis of Gaul, Spanish romance,
I. 650; IX. 653; XX. &53; xxn. 355.
kMADis OF Greece, romance, xx. 655.
AlADOU, fungus L 650.
25—2
Amagat, E. H. M., his experiments on
pressure of gases, XV. 495; XIX. 242.
Amager, or Amak, island, Denmark, I.
651; VL 343.
Am.\l.4EERGa, Prankish queen, x. 476.
Amalaric, Gothic chief, x. 851.
Amalasontha, daughter of Theodoric,
L 651; x. 85 1 ; xxiiL 257.
Amalekites, of Scripture, I. 65 1 ; xviii.
175-
Amalfi, town, Italy, I. 652.
Amalgam, mercurial alloy, i. 652; xvi.
33; mineral, XVL 382.
Amalgamation, of metals, xvi. 58 ; of
gold, X. 747 ; of silver, XXII. 69.
Amalgam-Work, Japanese, xill. 591.
Amalia, Anna, duchess of Saxe- Weimar,
L 652; X. 728.
Amalric, or Amaury,king of Jerusalem,
vii. 752; xxiiL 161.
, or Amalrich, of Bena, mystic, I.
652; XVII. 132; XXI. 426.
Amalricans, sect of the Free Spirit,
XVII. 132.
Amalrich of Bena, mystic, L 652;
xvie. 132; XXI. 426.
! Amalteo, Italian family, I. 652.
, Pomponio, Venetian painter, I. 6j2.
Amana (Abana), river of Scripture,
Syria, XIV. 394.
Community, communistic society,
U.S.A., VI. 216.
Amancaes, Peruvian lily, XVIII. 670.
Am.\pala, port, Honduras, XII. 130.
AM.4R, Asiatic people, in Egyptian litera-
ture, I. 747.
Amar.\nth, I. 653.
Amar.\pura, or Ummerapoora, -town,
Burmah, I. 653 ; III. 144.
Amara Sinha, Sanskrit writer, I. 652.
Amar Das, Sikh ruler, India, xx. 1 10.
Amargosa, river, Xevada, U.S.A., xvii.
367-
Amaryllis, plant, xii. 265.
.Amarynthos, Amphictyony of, I. 773.
Amasia, or Amasiayah, town, Turkey in
Asia, I. 653; XIX. 459.
.Amasis, king of 'Egypt, i. 653; iv. 733;
VII. 743; XIX. 417.
Amastris, Persian princess, xv. 119.
, ancient town, Paphlagonia, XVIII.
227.
AM.'iT, Felix, Spanish historian, I. 653.
Amati, family of violin makers, i. 654;
XVIL 9S; XXIV. 245.
Amatitlan, lake and town, Guatemaia,
L654; XL 239.
Am.^tiveness, in phrenoiosy, xviii.
844.
Amauri, or Amalric, of Bena, mystic, I.
652; XVIL 132; XXI. 426.
A.MAUROSIS, disease of the eye, I. 654 ;
XVIL 784.
Am-\URV, or Amalric, king of Jerusalem,
VII. 752; XXIII. 161.
Amaxichi, or Amaxikhi, to\\Ti, Ionian
I.-slaud.i, I. 654 ; XXI. 297.
Ama-Xosas, race. South Africai xiii.
819.
Ajlazon, or Amazons, river, South
America, I. 654, 674; IV. 221; birds
of. III. 746.
AMjVZONAS, territory, Venezuela, XXIV.
140.
Amazons, female warriors, I. 655; XXI.
310; of Dahomey, VI. 767.
Amazon->Stone, mineral, xi. 48; xvi.
419.
Ama-Zulu Race, South Africa, xill.
818; XVII. 319; XXIV. 82S.
Amb.ala, division, district, and town,
British India, I. 655; XX. 109.
Ambarawa, town, Java, xill. 606.
Ambarvalia, Roman festival, I. 656;
XV. 570.
Ambassador, i. 657; his position and
rights, xni. 193.
Amb.\to, town, Ecuador, I. 659.
Amber, i. 659; xvi. 428; xx. 143;
electric properties of, viii. 3; Phce-
nician, xviii. 806.
, Liquid, Uquidambar, Xiv. 687.
Ameerbaki, Papuan tribe, XVil. 388.
Ameerg, town, Bavaria, I. 660.
Ambergris, concretion in sperm whale,
^ I. 660; XV. 396; XXIV. 525; as
perfume, XViii. 526.
Amberno, river. New Guinea, xvii.
386.
Ambert, tov,-n, France, I. 661; XX. 120.
Ambleside, town, England, i. 661 ;
XXIV. 516.
Ambleteuse, town, France; I. 661.
Amblycephalid^e, family of snakes,
XXII. 193.
AmBlvgonite, mineral, XVI. 408.
Amblyopia, eye disease, xvii. 784.
Amblyopsis Spel^us, blind fish, xv.
450.
Amblypoda, suborder of ungulate mam-
mals, XV. 426.
AjMBLYRHYNCHUS, genus of reptiles,
' " XX. 453.
Amblystegite, mineral, XVi. 415.
Amblvstoma, metamorphosed siredon.
(amphibian), I. 760; XXII. 96.
Ambo, reading desk, I. 661.
Ambohimanga, tovTTL, Madagascar, XV.
175-
Ameoise, town, France, I. 661.
, Cardinal, tomb of, at Rouen, XXI.
13-
Ambon, reading desk, l. 661.
Amboyna, island and town, Moluccas. 1
661.
Ambr.4, poem by Lorenzo dei Medici,.
XV. 786.
Ambracia, ancient town, Epinis, I. 661.
Ambrein, constituent of ambergris, I.
660.
Ambrizians, tribe, Congo, vi. 267.
Amero, Cape, Madagascar, xv. 168.
Ambrogini, Angelo (PoUtian), Italiaii
.scholar and poet, XIX. 345; XX. 3S4.
XXV. - 3
18
A M B — A M M
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Italian painter,
XXI. 434-
Ambrose of Alexandria, i. 662.
, St, bishop of MUan, I. 662 ; his
ethical teaching, viii. 592 ; as hymn
>vriter, XII. 581; promoter of music,
XVIL 80; his relations with Augus-
tine, III. 76; with Theodosius I.,
XXIII. 259.
, Isaac, Puritan oivine, i. 664.
AmbrosiAj in Greek mythology, XVII.
313-
Ambrosian Breviary, iv. 263.
Ambrosian Chant, xix. 169.
Ambrosian Library, at MUan', xiv.
53'-
Ambrosian Music, xvii. 80.
Ambrosio, or the Monk, M. G. Lewis's
romance, XIV. 493.
A'mbrosius, AureUanus, leader of the
Britons, I. 665.
Ambrym, island. New Hebrides, xvil.
395-
Ambulacral System, of Echinoder-
mata, vil. 629.
Ambulance, i. 665.
AmbUrbium, Roman festival, XV. 66.
Amchensk (Mtsensk), town, Russia,
xvii. 12.
AM.D.G., Jesuits' motto, xill. 649.
Ameer, Oriental title, i. 1 54.
al-H Ajj, leader of Meccan pilgrim-
age, XVI. 592.
Amelia, novel by Fielding, IX. 146.
Am^LIE-les-Bains, spa, France, XX.
128; mineral water of, xvi. 435.
Amelius, Neoplatonist philosopher,
XVII. 336.
amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham
N., French writer, I. 668.
Amelotte, Denis, French writer, I. 668.
Amen, Egyptian god, i. 740; vii. 717.
Amenemhat I.-III., kings of Egypt,
viL 734.
Amenophis I.-IV., kings of Egypt, vii.
737, 738-
^Vmenophium, temple, Egypt, vii. 779.
A Mensa et Thoro, in divorce suits,
VII. 301.
Amenti, Egyptian divinities, vii. 718.
Amentifer.1!, division of plants, i. 668.
America, i. 669; origin of the name,
X- 182; XXIV. 192; early, knowledge
of, X. 178; discovered by Columbus,
VL 173; X. 180; influence of its dis-
covery on commerce, VI. 201 ; effect of
its discovery on Spain, XXII. 327;
alleged discovery of, by Bjarni, XI.
171; Icelandic works on its discovery,
XII. 624; ancient architecture, II. 450;
birds, III. 744, 748, 7.50; breeding
of cattle in, I. 387; coins, xvii. 658;
cotton supply, vi. 484; flora, vil. 289,
290; forests, IX. 405; gold, X. 743;
Indians, XII. 822, 830; original in-
habitants, XVI. 206; languages, xviii.
780; dictionaries of languages, vii.
193; Methodist chnrches in, XVI. igi;
Christian missions to, XVI. 513, 516;
rainfall, XVL 153; aboriginal religions,
XX. 364.
America, Central, birds of, iil. 748;
ancient culture in, xvi. 213.
, North, birds of. III. 750; XVIII.
16; coalfields, VI. 60; fishes, XII. 676,
679.
, South, birds of. III. 744; coal-
fields, VI.- 60; fishes, XII. 673.
, United States of, xxiii. 729.
American Aloe, i. 597.
American Cyclopedia, viii. 204; xx.
568.
American Independence, struggle
for, vin. 357; xxiIL 741; Burke's
attitude to, IV. 544; declaration of,
XXIII. 743.
American Indians, i. 685; xii. 822,
830.
American Leather Cloth, xiv. 391.
American LIter.ature, i. 718.
American Notes, Dickens's work, vii.
176.
American Organ, xl 483.
American Ostrich, xx. 505.
American Philosophical Society,
XVIII. 740.
Amerigo Vespucci, xxiv. 192; his
discoveries, X. 181.
Amersfoort. town, Holland, i. 735^
XXIV. 21.
Amersham, town, Englana, I. 735.
Ames, Fisher, American statesman and
author, I, 735, 721.
, Joseph, EngUsh writer, I. 735.
, William, Puritan divine and mor-
alist, L 735; XXIII. 850.
Amesbury, to-svn, England, I. 736.
Amesius (William Ames), divine and
moralist, I. 735; XXIII. 850.
Amethyst, precious stone, i. 736; xvi.
389; oriental, XVI. 3S5.
Ameto, Boccaccio's work. III. 043.
Amhara, province, Abyssinia, I. 64.
Amharic Language, xxi. 655; dic-
tionaries of, VII. 192.
Amherst, district and town, British
Burmah, I. 737.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., I. 737;
observatory at, XVII. 715.
, Earl, I. 737; his embassy to China,
V. 651; governor-general of India, XII.
806.
College, Massachusetts, U.S.A,
XI. 349; XXIII. 857.
Amhurst, Nicholas, English writer, I.
738.
Amianthus, mineral, I. 738; n. 675;
XVI. 416, 417.
Amiata, Monte, mountain, Italy, Xlll.
438.
Amicable Society, insurance company,
XIII. 180.
Am!c Acids, v. 578.
Amice, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 462.
Amici, Giovanni Battista, Italian opti-
cian, I. 738; his microscopic objectivej,
XVI. 263.
'Amides, in chemistry, v. 577; vegetable,
XIX. 54;
AMIdo-Acids, in chemistry, xvii. 519.
Amiens, town, France, i. 738; xxil. 261;
organ at, xvil. 837; sculptures in the
cathedral, XXI. 562; peace of (1802)
I. 146; IX. 614; XVII. 205.
Amin, caliph, XVI. 583.
Amines, in cheniistry, v. '574.
Amini, island, Laccadives, Indian Ocean,
XIV. 183.
Aminta, Tasso's drama, xvill. 345;
XXIII. 76.
AMioiDEi, suborder of fishes, XII. 688.
Amiot, Joseph, Jesuit missionary, I.
738.
Amir, Oriental title, I. 154.
Muizzi, Persian \niter, xvill.
658.
Amis et Amile, French chanson, ix.
638.
Amisus, ancient town, Asia Minor,
XVIII. 228; XIX. 459.
Amiternum, Sabine town, Italy, xxi.
129.
Amiurus, genus of fishes, xxil. 68.
Amlwch, town, Wales, i. 738.
Am-Machu, river, Sikkim, India, XXiL
51-
Amman, Johann Conrad, Swiss physi-
cian, I. 739; teacher of deaf mutes,
VII. 6.
, Jost, Swiss wood-engraver, I. 739;
VIII. 437.
, Paul, German physician and botan-
ist, I. 739.
Ammanati, Bartolomeo, Florentine
architect, I. 739.
Ammanites, Swiss sect, XVI. 12.
Ammariuno (MuranoV island, Venice,
XVIL 48.
Ammianus, Marcellinus, Roman his-
torian, I. 739.
Ammirato, Scipio, Italian historian, L
740.
Ammodytina, genus of fisnes, xxi.
257-
Ammomanes, genus of birds, XIV. 315.
Ammon, of Scripture, I. 742; xvL 533.
, Egyptian divinity, I. 740; vii.
717-
, in Libyan oasis, oracle at, I. 4S2.
, Christoph Friedrich von, German
theologian, I. 741.
Ammonia, in chemistry, I. 741; v. 509;
XVII. 516; product of shale, XViil.
241; salts of, V. 510; XI. 234; XVIII.
819; salts as manure, xv. 512.
Ammoni.^C, Sal, chemical salt, I. 741.
Ammoniacum, resinous exudation, I.
742.
Ammonia Process, in soda manufac-
ture, XXII. 244.
Ammonite Marble, xv. 529.
A M M — A N A
19
Ammonites, of Scripture, 1.742; xiiL
397; XVIII. 175.
, fossil Mollusca, XVI. 669, 671,
674.
Ammonium, Cyanide of, xx. 23.
— - Salts, xviii. 92.
Ammonius HERMiiii, philosopher of
Alexandria, I. 743.
Ammonius Lithotomus, surgeon of
Alexandria, xxil. 674.
Ammonius Saccas, founder of Alex-
andrian school of Neoplatonists, I.
743; XVII. 335.
Ammoperdix, genus of birds, XVIII. 333.
Ammothea, genua of Arachnida, II. 277.
Ammunition, i. 744; ix. 453; sporting,
XXI. 835.
Waggons, ii. 661.
Amnesty, i. 746.
Amoeba, genus of Protozoa, xix. 828,
842; XII. 4.
Amceboid Movement, of plants, xix.
61.
Amol, town, Persia, I. 746.
Amole, plant, XVII. 401.
AiiONTiLLADO Wine. xvi. 791; xxiv.
607.
Amontons, Guillaume, French physic-
ist, I. 746.
Amoor, Amour, or Amur, river. Eastern
Asia, I. 746; XV. 548; xviii. 117;
XXI 58; XXII. 5.
, covemment, Russia, XXII. 2,
Amoraim, expounders of the Talmud,
XXIII. 36.
Amoral, Ferreira do, governor of
Macao, xv. 125.
Amorites, of Scripture, I. 747; IV. 763;
XIII. 397; xvi. 533.
Amorphism, in chemistry and miner-
alogj-, I. 747-
Amorphous Rocks, x. 308.
Amortiz.\tion, of loans, xvii. 244.
Amos, Old Testament prophet, i. 747;
xiii. 410; XIX. 817.
Amour (Amoor, q.v.), river, Asia, I. 746.
Amoy, town, China, I. 748; v. 636.
Ampanan, harbour, Lombok, Indian
Archipelago, xiv. 817.
Ampelis, genus of birds, XXIV. 460.
Ampere, electrical unit of measure-
ment, XXIII. 116.
AMPfeRE, Andre Marie, French scientist,
I. 748; his contributions to electrical
science, viii. 10, 67, 70, 74; his mag-
netic molecule hypothesis, xv. 276.
— , Jean Jacques Antoine, French
writer, I. 749; on the baUads of
France, III. 284.
Amphiaraus, in Greek nirthology, I.
749; VIII. 524; oracle of, xvii. 808;
xviii. 50.
Amphiarthrodial Joints, i. 833.
Amphibia, class of vertebrate aninaals,
I. 750; XX. 432; distribution of, vii.
27a, 282; hibernation, XI. 7.89; their
relation to Mammalia, xv. 370; in
tankester's classification, XXIV. 812;
olfactory organs of, XXII. 166; skele-
ton of, XXII. 106; works on develop-
ment of, viii: 168.
Amphibole, mineral, XVL 417.
Amphibology, Liguorian doctrine of,
XIV. 638.
Amphicondyla, branch of the Verte-
brata, xxiv. 812.
Amphictyony, Greek religious con-
federation, I. 772; XI. 92; xvii. 766.
Amphidozotherium, genus of fossil
Insectivora, XV. 405.
Amphilinid^ family of tape-worms,
xxiiL 54.
Amphilochia, work of Photius, xviii.
821.
AMPHiMORPHiE, group of birds, in.
712.
Amphion, in Greek mythology, I. 774;
tomb of, at Thebes, XXIII. 230.
, spa, France,, xxi. 332.
Amphioxus, genus of fishes, I. 774; II.
53; XIV. 258; XXIII. 609; XXIV. 180,
183, 184.
Amphiperatherium, fossil opossum,
XVII. 797.
Amphipoda, order of Crustacea, vi.
661.
Amphipolis, town, Macedonia, I. 774;
XV. 137; XVIL 326.
Amphisb/EN.^ genus of lizards, I. 774;
XX. 457.
Amphitheatre, i. 774; Roman, x. 65;
XX. 830; architecture of, II. 419; near
Dorchester, England, VII. 372; at
Nimes, France, XVII. 510; at Fola,
Dabnatia, xix. 284; at Saintes, Fnnce,
XXI. 167; at Verona, XXIV. 172.
AMPHITHERIUM, fossil mgimmal, XV.
375-
. AmPhitrite, in Greek legend, I. 776;
XVII. 346; XIX. 558.
Amphitruo, Plautus's comedy, xxi.
216.
Amphitryon, Moliere's play, xvi.
629.
Amphodelite, mineral, xvi. 420.
Amphora, ancient vessel, i. 776; Xix.
182, 614; Roman measure, XXIV. 486.
Amplepius, to-n-n, France, XX. 529.
Amplitude, in astronomy, l. 776.
Ampracia (Ambracia), ancient town,
Epirus, I. 661.
Amps.\ga, river, Numidia, XV. 636;
XVII. 627.
Ampsancti Vallis, Italy, I. 778.
Ampthill, town, England, I. 776:
Ampulla, ancient vessel, L 776.
Ampullarid.*, family of snails, xxil.
187.
Amputation, m surgery, xxii. 678,
688.
Amr, Mosque of, ijairo, XVI. 8b4.
B. al-As, Moslem conqueror of
Egypt, I- 778; VII. 749; XVI. 558, 565,
567; his capture of Alexandria, I. 494.
Amr a Kolthum, Arabit. poet, xvi.
537-
B. Said, pseudo-caliph, XVI. 57C1
Amraalkais, or Amru-el-Kaia, Arabic
poet, L 778; XVI. 537.
Amraoti, district and town, India, L
777-
Amrit Mahal, breed of cattle, India,
xn. 752.
Amritsar, district and town, India, L
777; XX. 109, no.
Amru, fabulous bird, XX. 61 1.
ben-el-Ass, Moslem couquerca of
Egypt, I. 778; VII. 749; XVI. 558, 565;
his capture of Alexandria, I. 494.
el-Kais, or Amraalkais, Arabian
poet, I. 778; XVI. 537.
Amsancti Vallis, Italy, i. 778.
Amsdorf, Nicolaus, Reformer, 1. 778;
XV. 85.
Amsler, Samuel, engraver, I. 779.
Amstel, river, Netherlands, I. 779.
Amsterdam, capital of Holland, L 779;
XII. 65; academy of sciences, L 73;
bank of, III. 337; canal, IV. 788;
libraries, XIV. 532; ordinances of , XXI.
584; university, XXIII. 850.
, island, Indian Ocean, I. 781.
Amu Daria, or Amu (Oxus), river, Cen-
tral Asia, xviiL loj ; iv. i ; xxill.
512.
Amul, or Amol, town, Persia, I. 746.
Amulet, charm, i. 781.
Amur (Amoor), river, Eastern Asia, I.
746; XV. 548; XVIII. 117; XXI. 68;
XXII. 5.
, government, Russia, XXII. 2.
Amurath, or Murad, I., Turkish sultan,
I. 781; XXIII. 641.
II., sultan, L 781; XXIII. 641; his
\-ictory over the Poles, XIX. 289.
III., sultan, I. 782; XXIIL 644.
IV., sultan, I. 782; XXIIL 645.
v., sultan, XXIII. 652.
Amursama, Kalmuk khan, XVI. 746.
Amwell, village, England I. 782.
Amy, Pierre, friend of Rabolais, XX. 1941
AmvGDALON, reservoir, Jerusalem, XIII.
638.
Amyloid Degeneration, in patho-
logy, XVIII. 390.
AMYMONEi'iin Greek legend, I. 782.
AmynTas, king of Macedonia, XV. 138.
Am\'NTOR, Toland's work, XXIII. 434.
Amyot, Jacques, French' bishop and
^TTiter, I. 782; HI. 143; IX. 656; XIV.
868.
Amyraldists, sect, followers of Amy-
raut, IV. 742.
AMYRAirT; Moses, French tneologian. I.
782; IV. 741; XVIII. 492.
AMYRTiEUS, Egyptian king." Yir^ 744;
XVIII. 574.
Ana, l 783; 111.-655; French," IX.'" 657:
, town, Mesopotamia, II. 59; XVL 48.
Anabaptists, religicus sect, I. 786; in.
1 353; XVL 12.
20
A N A — A N D
ANABAPTIST Tumults, in Germany, i.
786; XV. 78.
Anabasis, Xenophon's work, 1. 787;
XXIV. 721.
Anabolism, constructive processes, in
physiology, XIX. 13, 19, 22, 49; XXI.
724.
Anacanthini, ordei of fishes, XII. 691.
Anacapri, town, Italy, v. 77.
■KNACHARSIS, Scythian philosopher, I.
787.
, Lucian's dialogue, xv. 45.
■ , Voyage de, Barthelemy's work, ill.
402.
Clootz, French Revolutionist, vi.
37-
Anachronism, i. 787.
Anacletus II., antipope, XIX. 500.
Anacpluthon, grammatical incongru-
ity, I. 787.
Anaconda, snake, i. 788; lii. 841.
, Copper mines of, Montana, U.S.A.,
xxiii. 816.
Anacreon, Greek poet, I. 788.
Anadvomene, epithet of Aphrodite, I.
78S.
An.\dvr, gulf and river, Siberii, I. 789;
XV. 547.
ANjEMIA, diseasg, xin. 359; diet in,
VII. 206; as catised by parasites, XVIII.
270; pernicious, XVIII. 377.
Anaerobiotic Plants, XIX. 51.
Anesthesia, in medicine, l. 7S9; pro-
duced by chloroform, V. 680.
Anesthetics, xvii. 230; as poisons,
XIX. 279.
Anaghmore, Lough, Ireland, XX. 171.
Anagni, town, Italy,, i. 790.
Anagram, transposition of letters, I.
790.
Anah, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 59.
Anahuac, plateau, Mexico, I. 791; XVI.
206.
iNAKA, Egyptian goddess, II. 9a
'Vnakapalle, to-n-n, India, xxiv. 267.
Analcime, mineral, xvi. 421.
Analogical Change, in philology,
xviii. 7S3.
Analogy, logical process, i. 791.
, in comparative anatomy, I. 793;
contrasted with homology, xxiv. 807.
, Pivine, Bishop Browne's work, IV.
389-
OF RELlGlON,Bishop Butler'swork,
IV. 583.
Analysis, i. 793.
, Chemical, I. 795; ultimate v.
544-
, Harmonic, in physics, Xl. 481.
, Logical, I. 796; XIV. 7S5.
, Mathematical, I. 793; IX. Si 8;
residual, Landen's theorem of, xiv.
271.
, Psychological, I. 796.
OF the Mind, James Mill's work,
XVI. 307
Analytical Geometry, x. 40S.
Analytical Trigono.metry, xxin.
568.
Analytic Judgments, i. 797.
Analytics, in logic, xiv. 785.
, Aristotle's work, II. 516.
An AM, kingdom. Cochin Cliina, I. 798;
VI. 94; Roman Catholic missions in,
XIX. 811.
Anamese, people and language, VI. 95-,
dictionary of language, vii. 182.
Anamis, river, Persia, XVII. 856.
Anamoboe, settlement West Africa, II.
61; X. 755.
Anan, founder of the Karaites, Xiv. 2.
Ananassa Sativa, plant, xix. 106.
Ananda, Buddha's attendant, IV. 431.
Anang-pal, raja of Lahore, XV. 286.
Anan-;sho, Syriao writer, XXII. S43.
Anao, islets, Tuamotu, South Pacific,
XXIIL 602.
Anarchism, socialistic, xxii. 216.
Anarchy, defined, xiv. 356.
Anarrhichas Lupus, species of fishes,
XXI. 614.
Anas, genus of birds, vii. 505; xix.
647; XXI. 378; xxin. 105; xxiv.
561.
Anastasian Wall, from Propontis to
Euxine, L 79S.
Anastasiopolis, town, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 48.
Anastasius I.-IL, emperors of Con-
stantinople, I. 798.
, Hope's novel, XII. 158.
Anastates, in physiology, xix. 19
An.\static Printing, xxii. 716.
An.^vtase, mineral, XVI. 3S7; XXlll. 410.
AN.iiTHEMA, I. 798; VIII. 791.
An.\tho (Ana), ancient town, Mesopo-
tamia, XV!. 48.
Anatid.-e, family of birds, VII. 505.
Anatolia, division; Asiatic Turkey.
II. 703; xxin. 654.'
Anatomy, l 799 (index, 908); Vll. 221;
in relation to medicine, XV. 794; to
physiology, XIX. 8; te phrenolog)',
XVIII. 846; its importance in zoolo-
gical study, XXIV. 814; comparative,
VI. 225; XXIV. 800; of the digestive
organs, VII. 221; of the skeleton, XXII.
105; of Amphibia, I. 751; of birds,
III. 699; of fishes, XII. 635; of mam-
mals, XV. 347; of man, I. 799; VII.
221; of reptiles, XX. 445, Blumen-
bach's works on, III. 841 ; researches in,
by Malpighi, xv. 338; by Morgagni,
XVI. 822; by Rokitansky, XX. 624.
Act (1871), XV. 799.
OF Melancholy, Burton's work,
IV. 571.
Anauxite, mineral, XVI. 424.
An.\xagoras, Greek phOosopher, II. 1;
on astronomy, II. 746; on evolution,
VIII. 756; his influence on Pericles,
XVIII. 529.
Anaxarchus, Greek philosopher, II. 2;
I. 484.
Anaxilaus of Larissa, physician, II. 2,
Anaximandee, Greek philosopher, II.
2; on astronomy, II. 746.
Anaximenes of Lampsacus, Greek
rhetorician, II. 2; his Rhetoric, XX.
513-
of Miletus, Greek philosopher, 11.
2; on astronomy, II. 746.
AnaxoniA; morphological forms, xvi.
843-
AnbiyanaM-V Persian books, xvill.
657.
Ancelot, Jacques A. F. P., 'French
dramatist, II. 2.
Ancestor Worship, xvii. 141; xxiii.
467.
Anchar, tree, XXIII. S59.
Anchinia, genus of Timicata, XXIII.
615.
Anchises, in classical legend, II. 3.
Anchor, ii. 3; xxi. 597.
Anchor.^ge, il 8.
Anchorets, or Anchorites, hermits, I.
10; XVI. 698.
Anchovy, fish, 11. 9; xil. 694; fishery,
in Italy, XIII. 455.
Anchylosis, stiffness of joint, 11. 9;
XXII. 686.
Ancient Mariner, Coleridge's poem,
VI. 136.
Ancillon, Charles, French writer, II. 9.
, David, French divine, II. 9.
, Johann P. F., Prussian historian
and statesman, TI. 9,
Anclam, town. Prussia, II. 59.
Ancon.\, province, Italy, 11. 9; town,
II. 10.
Angus Marcius, Roman king, 11. la
Ancylus, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 661.
Ancyra (Angora), ancient town, Asia
Minor, II. 45; battle of (c. 242 B.C.),
xvn. 588.
Anda-EL-MISK (Dizfol), town, Persia,
VII. 305
Andaliyeh (Satali), toira, Asia Minor,
XXL 317.
Andalusia, province, Spain, 11. 10;
XXII. 298.
Andalusian Dialect, xxil 351.
Andalusite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, 11.
II, 685; XII. Si 5; birds of. III. 761.
Andeira, Joao Fernandes, Portuguese
ambassador, XIX. 543.
Andelys, Les, town, France, II. 13.
ANDENNE, town, Belgium, II. 13.
ANDERlD.-i, in Kent, Storming of (491)^
VIII. 270.
Andernach, town, Rhenish Pi-ussia,
II. 13.
Andersen, Hans Christian, Danish
writer, VII. 93.
Anderson, Adam, Scottish economist,
II. 14.
, Alexander, mathematician, II. 14.
, Andrew, his laws of draughts, Vll>
445. .
A N D — A N G
21
Anderson, Sir Edmund, lord chief-
justice of Euglaud, II. 14.
, James, Scottish antiquary, II. 14.
, James, LL.D. Scottish economist,
II. 14; XIX. 374.
, John, founder of Anderson's
College, Glasgow, I. 14.
, Jolui, founder' E School of Science
at Penikese, U.S.-J , I. 277.
, John Henry, I \e Wizard of the
Korth, XV. 208.
, Robert, Scottish luthor and critic,
II. 14.
Anderson's College, Glasgow, 11. 14;
X. 644.
Anderssen, Adolphus, German -chess-
player, V. 602.
Andes, mountains, 11. 15; I. 670; birds
of. III. 746; of Argentine Republic, II.
488; of Bolivia, IV. 11; of ChiU, v.
616; of Ecuador, Vll. 644; of Peru,
XVIII. 672.
, Los, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
Andesine, mineral, xvi. 420.
Andevo, class of society, Madagascar,
XV. 171.
Andians, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
Andigena, genus of birds, XXIII. 477. .
Andijan, town, Turkestan, IX. 85;
XXIII. 637.
Andira, genus of trees, X. 707.
Andkhui, province, Afghanistan, I. 243.
Ando, island, Norway, XIV. 769.
Andocides, Greek orator, II. 18.
Andoma, river, Russia, XVII. 772.
Andorre, or Andorra, state, between
France and Spain, 11. 18.
Andover, town, England, II. 18.
, 'town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., II.
18.
Andrada, Antonio d', traveller in Tibet,
XIV., 502.
, Diego Payva d', Portuguese theo-
logian, II. 19.
E SvLVA, Bonifacio Jose d', Bra-
zilian naturalist and statesman, II. 19.
Andr6, Major John, soldier in American
war, II. 19; XXIII. 744, 787.
Andrea. Giovanni, Italian canonist, 11.
19.
deLi-A Robbia, Florentine sculp-
tor, XX. 590.
del Sarto, Italian painter, XXI.
315-
Andrew, Johann Valentin, Rosicrucian
\VTiter, XX. 852.
, Laurentius, Swedish theologian,
XXII. 754.
AndrEjEACE^, family of mosses, xvii.
73-
Andreani, Andrea, Italian wood-en-
graver, II. 20.
, Paul, his balloon, I. 190.
.^NSREAS, early English poem, viii.
404.
.A.NDREASBERG, town, Prussia, II. 20.
AndReeva. town- Russia, 11. 20.
Andreevka, town, Russia, XXIII. 83.
Andrenovian Islands, North Pacific,
I. 479.
Andreoli, Giorgio, majolica worker,
XIX. 626.
Andreossi, Antoine Francois, Comte
d', French oflBcer, II. 20.
Andres, Juan, Spanish author, II. 20.
Andrew, St, of Scripture, 11. 20.
l.-III., kings of Hungary, XII. 368.
, John Albion, governor of Massa-
chusetts, XXIII. 773, 787.
Andrewes, Lancelot, English bishop,
II. 20; VIII. 388.
Andrews, James Pettit, English writer,
II. 21.
, Thomas, his researches on carbonic
acid gas, XIX. 244.
Andria, town, Italy, II. 21.
, Terence's play, XXIII. 187.
Andriacus, river, Asia Minor, XV. 94.
AndrI/E, Gudmund, Icelandic >vi-iter,
XXI. 368.
Andriamanitra, in Malagasy religion,
XV. 173.
Andi'iana, class of society, Madagascar,
XV. 171.
Andrieu, Bertrand, French engraver,
II. 22.
Andriscus, the false Philip, IL 22.
Andro, island, Greece, II. 23.
Androclus, Roman lion-tamer, II. 22.
Androlepsia, Greek custom of re-
prisal, I. 160.
Andromache, in Greek legend, 11. 22.
, Euripides's play, VIII. 676.
Andromaque, Racine's drama, XX. 206.
Andromeda, in Greek legend, II. 22;
XVIII. 560.
Andromeds, meteors, XVL in.
AndRONICUS I.-III., Byzantine em-
perors, II. 22, 23; xviii. 166.
of Cvrrhus, Greek astronomer, II.
23.
of Rhodes, Peripatetic philosopher,
II. 23; XVIII. 546; editor of Aris-
totle's writings, II. 512.
AndROS, island,, Greece, II. 23.
, Sir Edmuui?, governor. New York,
xvn. 455.
Androscoggin; river, Maine, U.S.A.,
XV. 298.
Andros Islands, West Indies, in. 236.
Androt, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Androtion, Demosthenes's speech
against, VII. 69.
Andruszowo, Treaty of (1667), xjx.
295.
Andujar, town, Spain, II. 23.
Anduze, town, France, II. 24.
AnecdoTa, of Procopius, xix. 791.
Anecdote, ii. 24.
Anegada Island, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
Aneiteum, island. New Hebrides, xvil.
395-
Anel, Dominique, French surgeon, 11.
24.
/yNELLO, Tommaso (Masaniello), Neapo-
litan revolutionist, XV. 606.
Anemometer, wind-measurer, 11. 24;
XX. 608.
Anemone, flower, xii. 253.
Anemones, Sea, i. 129; vi. 369; as
parasites, xviii. 261.
Anencephalous Monster, xvi. 763.
Aneroid Barometer, hi. 383.
Anet, town, France, II. 26.
Anethum, genus of plants, VII. 240.
Aneurin, Book of, Welsh poems, v. 317.
Aneurism, disease, 11. 26; treatment of,
x;i. 388; XXII. 683.
A New Way to Pay Old Debts, Mas-
singer's play, XV. 619.
Aneysa, town, Arabia, XVII. 773.
An FA (Casa Blanca), tovno Morocco xvi.
831.
Angad, Sikh ruler, India, XX. 1 10.
Angakok or Angekok, Eskimo wizard,
vn. 63; viH. 546.
Angara, rivers, Siberia, II. 26: XXII. S;
XXIII. 510; XXIV. 742.
Angaria, ancient Persian and Boman
postal system, II. 26.
Angaston, town. South Australia, XXIL
284.
Angekok, or Angakok, Eskimo wizard,
VII. 63; VIII. 546.
Angel, of Scripture, II. 26, 183.
, gold coin, II. 28.
Angel-Fish, xii. 686.
Angelica, genus of plants, 11. 28.
Angelic Brethren, German sect, x.
588.
Angelico, Fra, Italian painter, ix. 148,
772.
ANGELIQUfe DE SaINTE MAGDELEINE,
Marie, abbess of Port-Royal, II. 621;
XIX. 533.
Ang^lique DE Saint Jean, abbess of
Port-Royal, II. 620.
Angeln, peninsula, Schleswig-Holstein,
XXL 415.
Angelo, Michel CMidheiangelo), xvi.
229.
Angelus, Isaac II., Byzantine emperoi,
xiiL 374.
SiLESlus, German poet, II. 28.
Anger, suburb, Passau, Bavaria, XVIII.
341-
Angermann, river, Sweden, II. 29;
XXIL 736.
Anoermunde, town, Prussia, 11. 29.
Angers, town, France, II. 29; univer-
sity of, XXIII. 839, 851.
Angerstein, John Julius, patron of
fine arts, II. 29.
Anghiari, to\vn, Italy, 11. 29.
, Baldaccio d', Florentine soldier,
XV. 784.
Angilbert, St, niediajval, poet, 11. 29.
Angina Pectoris, disease, n. 29; XL,
55+
22
A N G — A N N
Angiolello, Giovan Maria, Italian
traveller, X. 179.
Angiolieri, Cecco, Italian poet, xill.
501
Angiosperjle, class of plants, xxiv.
131; fertilization in, XX. 428.
Angkor, Kuins of, Siaiu, iv. 726; xxi.
853.
Angle, in geometry, u. 29; x. 377;
magnitude and measurement of, XV.
667; xxiil. 563; measurement of, in
Euriej-ing, XXII. 698, 703.
, of a Crystal, XVI. 347, 352.
Angles, Teutonic tribe, 11. 30; their set-
tlement in England, VIII. 268,270; XXI.
739; in Northiunberland, XVII. 568.
Anglese.^, or Anglesey, county, Wales,
II. 30; population and representation,
XXIII. 727.
, Earl of (Annesley), 11. 30.
Anglesey, Marquis of (Paget), 11. 30.
Anglesite, lead ore, xiv. 375 ; xvi.
400.
Angling, ii. 32; Izaak Walton on.
XXIV. 342.
Anglo-S.\xon Alphabet, i. 612.
Anglo-S.\xon Language, viii. yji,
392; dictionaries of, vil. 187.
Anglo-Saxon Literature, v:ii. 403.
Anglo-S.\XONS, Weapons of the, II. 555.
Angoche, district, Eait Africa, XVii. 7.
Angola, countrj-, West Africa, 11. 45 ;
I. 269; XXIV. S28.
Angon, ancient Frankish dart, II. 555.
Angora, province, Turkey in Asia,
XXIII. 653.
, town, Turkey in Asia. II. 45r liattle
of (1402), XXIII. 641.
Go.\T, II. 710; X. •'08; hair of
(moliair), xvi. 544.
Angorno, to^vn, Central Africa, II. 45.
Angos iola, Sophonisba, Italian pain-
ter, II. 47.
Angostur.^, town, Venezuela, II. 45.
Angoul£me, to^^-n, France, II. 45.
, Charles de Valois, duke of, II. 46;
IX. 619.
Angoumois, old province, France, II.
46.
Angov, district. West Africa, XIV. 742.
Angra, torni, Azores, n. 46; III. 171.
Pequena, German settlement.
South Africa, XVII. 168.
Angri, towTi, Italy, II. 46.
Angstrom, Anders J., on the spectrum
of the aurora, III. 94; on thermal
conducti^-ity, XI. 578.
Anguier, Fran9ois and Michel, French
sculptors, II. 46.
Anguill.% genus of fishes, VII. 692.
, island, British West Indies, 11. 46.
Anguillula Tritici, wheat pest, xvii.
325; XXIV. 536.
ANGUlLLULlDiE, family of worms, XVII.
325.
Anguineum, Druidic charm, Vll. 477.
Angular Velocity, xv. 682.
Angus (Forfar, q.v.), county, Scotland,
IX. 410.
, Earl of (Bell the Cat), XXI. 495.
, Earl of, husband of Margaret
Tudor, XXI. 497.
MacFergus, Pictish king, XXI.
476.
Angussola, Sophonisba, Italian portrait
painter, II. 47.
Anhalt, duchy, Germany, 11. 47.
Anher, Egyptian divinity, vy. 718.
Anhima, bird, XXI. 552.
Anh\T>RIDES, in chemistry, v. 571.
Anhydrite, mineral, xvi. 400; xix.
588.
Anhydrosulphuric Acid, v. 507.
Ani, ruined town, Turkey in Asia, II. 72.
, bird, VI. 687.
Anianus, Breviary of, IV. 262.
Anicetus, bishop of Rome, XIX. 416,
488.
, officer of Nero, XVII. 349.
Anichini, Luigi, Italian engraver, II. 47.
Anicium (Le Puy), ancient town, France,
XX. 119.
Anie, moimtain, France, XX. 126.
Aniello, Tommaso (Masaniello), Nea-
politan revolutionist, 3fv. 606.
Anien (Anio), river, Italy, 11. 57.
Aniline, in chemistry, 11. 47; xil. 844.
Black, iv. 690; from vanadium,
XXIV. 54.
Dyes, v. 577; vii. 572.
Animalculists, versus 0\-ists, XXIV.
815.
Animal Histology, xii. 4.
Animal Kingdom, ii. 49; xxiv. 801;
Oken's classification of, XVH. 750;
Lani-ster's, xxiv. 812.
Animal Magnetism, xv. 277.
Animal Medicine, xxiv. 197.
Animal Metamorphoses, Myths of,
XV. 90.
Animal Morphology, xvi. 84"i.
.\NIMAL Mounds, of Wisconsin, XXIV.
618.
Animal Par.\sitism, xviil 258.
Animal Physiology, xix. 10.
Animals, ii. 49; xxiv. 801; breeds of,
IV. 244; geographical distribution of,
vii. 267; X. 212; distribution of, in
time, VII. 281; geological action of, X.
2S9, 290; longevity in, Xiv. 857; dis-
tinction between them and plants, XIX.
830; as totems, XXIII. 468.
Animal Speech, xviii. 769.
Animal Spirits, .\ix. 10.
Animal Substances, Baths of, in. 439.
Animal Worship, xvii. 144, 151.
Anim^ resinous gum, II. 55.
Animism, in anthropology, 11. 55; xv.
91, 205; XX. 367; of the Bxiddhists,
XIV. 228; Stahl'a theory of, xv. 812.
Ani.MUCCIA, Giovanni, Italian musical
composer, II. 57; XVII. 85; XVIII. 179.
Anio, river, Italy, 11. 57.
Novus, ancient aqueduct, II. 220.
Anise, herb, n. 57; xii. 289.
Aniseia, desert plant, xviii. 670.
Anisometropia, defect of vision, xxii.
373
Anisopleura, subolass of Mollusca,
XVI. 644.
Anjar, town and district, India, II. 58.
Anjengo, town, India, n. 58
Anjer, town, Java, IL 58.
Anjou, old pro\-ince, France, 11. 58;
connexion of counts and dukes of,
with the Capet family, V. 55; their
rule in Naples, xvii. 191; their rela-
tions with Normandy, XVII. 545.
, Geoffrey of (Plantagenet), XJX.
175-
, Margaret of, wife of Henry VL
of England, XV. 536.
, Rene, duke of, II. 58.
Ank.'V, fabulous bird, xviii. 811.
Ankaratr.\, mountains, Madagascar,
XV. 168.
AnkarstronI, Johan Jakob, Swedish
regicide, II. 59.
Ankerite, mineral, XVI. 397.
Anklam, town, Prussia, II. 59.
Ankle, Anatomy of the, I. 830.
Joint, Amputation of, XXII. 678;
muscles of, I. 84 1.
Ankobar, town, Abyssinia, II. 59.
Ankylosis, stiffness of joint, 11. 9.
Anlace, weapon, XXII. 802.
Ann, pr Annat, in Scots law, 11. 62.
Ann.4, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 59.
, Baldasarre d', Venetian painter,
II. 60.
Carlovna, Russian regent, 11. 59."
COMNENA, princess and authoress^
II. 59; her History of Alexius, IV. 613.
IVANOVNA, empress of Russia, II.
60; XXI. 98.
Annaba (Bone), town, Algeria, iv. 31.
Annaberg, town. Saxony, II. 6a
Annabergite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Annabona, island, West Africa, II. 72.
Annales, StoVs chronicle of England^
xxil. 579.
Annals, chronological record, II. 6a
, Tabari's, Arabic history, XXIII. 4.
, Tacitus's work, XXIII. 2a
, Spring and Autumn, Confucins'*
work, V. 661.
OF THE Parish, Galfs novdj x.
47-
Annam (Anam), kingdom, Asia, I. 798.
Annamaboe, tovm. Gold Coast, Africa,
II. 61.
Annamese Dictionary, vii. 1S2.
Annan, to\\-n, Scotland, II. 61; river,;
II. 61; Vll. 526.
Annapolis, town, Maryland, U.S.A,
II. 61; XV. 603; obseri-atory at, XVIL
715-
, tow-n. Nova Scotia, IL 61; XVlL
603; river, XVII. 601.
Ann Arbor, town, Michigan, XJ.SJL,
II. 61; observatory at, xvn. 715.
Annat, or Ann, in Scots law, ll. 62.
Annates, ecclesiastical tax, 11. 61.
Annatto (Amotto), dyestuff, II. 627.
ANN3, queen of England, II. 62; VIII.
333; herfavour for Harley, xvill. 100.
of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. of
France, IX. 567, 571, 574--
of Beaujeu, regent of France, v.
411; IX. 553.
of Bohemia, wife of Richard II.
of Elngland, XX. 541.
of Brittany, wife of Charles VIII.
of France, v. 411; IX. 554; at Nantes,
XVII. 173.
of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, VIII. 336; XI. 665.
of Denmark, wife of James VI. of
Scotland, XXI. 508.
BoLEYN, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, IV. 4; VIII. 334; XI. 664.
Annealing, in glass and metal
manufacture, II. 63 ; of steel, Xlll.
352-
Annecy, town, France, 11. 64 ; XXI.
332; lake, XIV. 218; XXI. 332.
Annelida, class of animals, 11. 65.
AnnerODITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
Annesley," Arthur, earl of Anglesea,
II. 30.
Bay, Red Sea, XX. 316.
AnneT, Peter, writer on Deism, VII. 35.
Annexation, of territory, law of, xiii.
192.
Anni, ruinea town, Turkey in Asia, 11.
72.
Annihilation, in eschatology, viii.
538.
ANNIVITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
Anno, archbishop of Cologne, X. 487.
Bom, island, "West Africa, 11. 72.
Annonay, to-n-n, France, II. 72.
Annuals, in horticulture, xii. 248.
Annuities, ii. 72; post office, xix.
574; repayment of loans by, XVII.
244; values of, in life assurance, xiii.
172.
, Consolidated, British, VI. 293.
Annunciation, Feast of the, 11. 90 ;
XV. 592.
Annweiler, town, Bavaria, II. 147.
Anodon, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 686,
688, 690.
Cygneus, mussel, XVII. no.
Anodyne, in medicine, II. 90; xvn.
230.
Anointing, ii. 90; viii. 813.
AnOLIS, genus of lizards, xiv. 735.
Anomalurus, species of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 417; xxii. 107.
Anomia, former name for Brachiopoda,
IV. 188.
Anomite, mineral, XVL 413.
Anomodontia, order of reptiles, XX.
44«.
Anomceanism, species of Arianism,
VIII. 667.
Anona, genus of plants, vi. 729.
A N N — A N T
Akonymous Books, hi. 657.
Anopla, division of nemertine worms,
XVII. 326.
Anoplotherium, fossil ungulate mam-
mal, XV. 430.
Anoplura, group of insects, xiil. 153;
XV. 24.
Anorthic System, of crystals, xvi.
361.
Anorthite, mineral, xvi. 419.
Anoukis, Egyptian goddess, II. 90.
Anous, genus of birds, XVII. 531.
Anquetil, Louis Pierre, French
historian, II. 90.
-^ — du Perron, Abraham Hyacinthe,
French Orientalist, II. 90; XXIV. 775.
AN Riabhachan, mountain, Scotland,
xx. 854.
Ansairi Hills, Syria, xxil. 821.
Ansan, ancient province, Persia, Xlll.
395-
Ansari, Abdallah, Persian pantheistic
writer, XVIII. 658.
Ansbach, town, Bavaria, 11. 91.
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, !!.
91; VIIL 303, 372; XVII. 543, 548;
:;xi. 422; on the idea of God, XXIII.
241; his dispute with TVilliam II.,
XXIV. 578; his contests'-ivith Henry I.,
XI. 656.
of Laon, theologian, II. 93.
Anser, genus of birds, X. 777; XIX.
647.
Ansgarius, or Anskar, St, first arch-
bishop of Hamburg, XI. 408; his mis-
sionary labours in Denmark, vii. 84;
in Sweden, XVI. 708; XXII. 745.
Anshan, ancient town, Persia, XVIII.
565..
Anslo, Reyer, Dutch poet, xii. 95.
Anson, Lord, British navigator, 11. 93;
X. 189.
Islands, Micronesia, xvi. 256.
Anspach (Ansbach), town, Bavaria, 11.
91-
Anster Fair, Tennaut's poem, xxiii.
175-
Anstey, Christopher, English poet, II.
93-
Anstruther-Easter, town, Scotland,
11.94.-
Anstruther-Wester, town, Scot-
land, II. 94.
Ansuino of Forll, Italian painter, xv.
501.
Answer, in law, xix. 218.
Ant, insect, 11. 94; xil. 577; Xlil. 148;
honey-bearing, XII. 136; white, I.
260; XIII. 146, 152.
Ant^ in architecture, II. 459.
AnT/EUS, in Greek mythology, II. too;
XIX. 559.
Antakie (Antioch), town, Syria, II. 132.
Antalcidas, Spartan politician, n. 100;
peace of (3S7 B.C.), XViii. 578; XXU.
37°.
Antalo, town, Aby/winia, il. loo.
23
Antananarivo, town, Madagascar, xv-
175-
Antar, Arabian romance.ii. 100, 713.
Ant A R A, or Antar, Arabian warrior and
poet, II. 100; XVL 537.
Antarctic Explorations, vil 5^3;
X. 195; xix. 329.
Antarctic Ocean, ii. 100.
Anteater, families of mammals, XV.
385, 388, 389; their relation to the
megatherium, XV. 830; porcupine,
VII. 628; scaly, XV. 388; xviii. 210.
Antechinomys, genus of mexsupial
mammals, XV. 380; XXII. 285.
Antelami, Benedetto, Italian sculptor,
XXI. 567.
Antelope, group of ung\ilate mam-
mals, II. 100; XV. 431; chamois, v.
384; eland, vii. 796; gemsbok, X. 141;
gni\, X. 705; harte-beest, XI. 496;
nylghau, XVII. 688; Indian species,
XIL 742.
Antemn.e, ancient town, Italy, II. 102;
XIV. 344.
AntenNjE; of insects, xin. U3; inani-sj
II. 96.
Antenor, Greek sculptor, II. 102.
, Trojan elder, II. 102.
AnteQuera, town, Spain, 11. 102.
Anthem, musical composition, 11. 102;
XVII. 82.
Anthemius, emperor of the West,'xiv,
452.
, Greek mathematician, II. 103.
Anther, of plants, iv. 136.
Anther^Ea, genus of silkworms, XXII.
60.
Antheridia, sexual organs of plants, iv.
140; IX. loi, 105;' XVII. 65; XX. 425-
Anthesteria, Athenian festival, 11.
103.
Ant-Hills, II. 96.
AnthocerotEjE, family of liverworts,
XVII. 70.
Anthology, ii. 103.
Anthon, Charles, American philologist,
II. 106.
Anthony, or Antony, St, Egyptian
hermit, II. 106; I: 10; XVI. 699.
, St, of Padua, xviii. 131.
Anthophyllite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Anthoxanthin, coloxiring matter in.
plants, XIX. 53.
Anthozoa, group pf animals, xil. 549-
Anthrac^mia, disease, xxiv. 663.
Anthracene, in chemistry, XVllL 238;
xxiir. 58.
Anthracite, kind of coal, IL 106; vi.
45; XVL 429; in Pennsylvania, U.S.A.",
XVIII. 501; use of, for smoke abate-
ment, XXII. 182.
Anthracnose, vine disease, xxiv. 24a
Anthraconite, mineral, xv. 528; V".
397.
Anthrax, animal disease, xvii. 58;.
XXI. 400; in wool-workera, x:civ.
663.
24
A N T — A N U
Anthropini, human family, in zoo-
logy, II. loS.
Anthropology, ii. 107; in relation
to evolution, \'III. 766; to language,
xvni. 765; to mythology, xvii. 143;
Pi ichard's contributions to, XIX. 723 ;
antliropological societies, xxii. 226.
Anthropomorphism, ii. 123, 190;
Celsus on, v. 296. See also aiticle
Theism, XXIII. 234.
Anthropophagy, cannibalism, iv. 807.
Anthropotomy, human anatomy, I.
799-
Anthus, genus of birds, xix. 112.
Antiaris, genus of trees, XXIII. 859.
Antiees, town, France, II. 124.
Antibrachium, the fore-arm, I. 826; of
mammals, XV. 358.
Anti burghers, Scottish religious de-
nomination, X. 572; XV. 132; XXIII.
728.
Antichinomys, genus of marsujiial
mammals, XXII. 28 5.
Antichrist, of Scripture, 11. 124; xx.
499; XXIII. 298.
Anticlimax, in rhetoric, 11. 127.
Anticlinal Folds, in geology, x. 300.
Anti-Corn-L.-vw League, vi. 84.
Anticosti, island. Canada, 11. 127; xx.
165.
ANTiCYCLONES, in meteorology, in. 34;
VI. 7; XVI. 154.
Anticy'ra, three ancient towns, Greece,
II. 127.
Antidotes, to poisons, xix. 276.
Antietam, U.S.A., Battle of (1862), ll.
127; XXIII. 777.
Antigone, daughter of Qidipus, 11.
127.
, wife of Peleus, II. 127.
, Sophocles's drama, XXII. 273.
, island, Sea of Marmora, XIX. 742.
Antigonus Cyclops, king of Asia, 11.
127; XV. 142; XVIII. 585.
Antigonus Gon.atas, king of Mace-
donia, II. 128; XV. 142.
Antigorite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Antigua, island, West Indies, II. 128;
XXIV. 510.
Antilecomena, disputed books of
Scripture, II. 128; in. 645.
Antilibanus, mountain. Syria, XIV.
392; XXIII. 654.
Antilles, islands, AVest Indies, II. 12S;
xxiv. 509; birds of, III. 748; lost birds
of, in. 734.
Antilogarithms, Tables of, xiv. 776;
xxin. 12.
Antimachus, Greek poet, n. 129; xii.
115.
Antimilo, island, Greece, xv. 841.
Antimony, chemical element, n. 129;
v. 540; XVI. 380; ores of, xvi. 58.
Antinomians, Antinomianism. II.
129; I. 290; XI. 737.
Antinomy, in philosophy, n. 130.
Antinoopolis, to\TO, Egypt, vii. 775.
Antinous, Hadrian's page, 11. 130.
AntiOCH, ancient town, Pisidia, Asia
Mil or, II. 133; XIX. 130.
, ancient town, Syria, II. 130; XXII.
822; St Paul's connexion with, xviil.
419; aqueduct at, 11. 221; coins of,
XVII. 649; siege of, by the crusaders,
VI. 625.
, Cesarean era of, v. 715.
, ilundane era of, v. 714.
Antioche, ancient town. Isle of Be,
France, XX. 302.
Antiochia MarGiANA, ancient Greek
town, ilerv, XVI. 42, 44.
AntiockUS I., Soter, king of Syria, II.
133; xvin. 587.
II., Theos, II. 133; xviii. 587.
III., Magnus, II. 133; XIII. 420;
XVIII. jSS; his war mth Rome, XX.
752.
IV., Epiphanes, H. 133; XVIII.
589; desecration of Jewish holy places
by, xin. 421.
v., Eiipator, XVin. 590.
VII., XVIII, 594.
VIII., n. 133.
of Ascalon, Greek philosopher, II.
133; his influence on Varro, XXIV.
92.
Antiope, mother of Amphion, II. 133.
, wife of Theseus, 11. 133; xxin.
294.
Antioquia, state, Colombia, vi. 154.
Antiparos, island, Greece, n. 133.
Antipater, father of Herod the Great,
XI. 754; XIII. 424.
, Macedonian general and regent, II.
134; XV. 142; XVIII. 585.
, Stoic philosopher, XXII. 570.
Antip.axo, one of the Ionian Islands,
Greece, xviii. 440.
Antiphates, mythic giant, xiv. 200.
Antiphilus, ancient painter, II. 134.
Antiphon, Athenian orator, u. 134;
XX. 509; XXIII. 323.
Antiphonary, liturgical service book,
II. 134; XIV. 710; XVI. 508.
Antiphony, in music, 11. 134; xvii. 79.
Antipodes, n. 134.
Antiquarian Societies, ii. 135; xxn.
227.
Antique, remains of ancient art, 11. 134.
Antiquities, ii. 134, 333; of America,
I. 692; classical, II. 344.
Antiquity of Man, ii. 115.
Antirobido, island, Sea of Marmora,
XIX. 742.
j-vNtirrhinum, garden plant, xii. 249,
253-
Antisana, mountain, Ecuador, vii.
644.
Antiseptics, ii. 135; as disinfectants,
,VII. 258; used for preserving food,
XIX. 708; in surgery, XXII. 678.
Anti-Slavery Movement, xxii. 141.
Antisozzo, anti-Socinian work by
Alsop, I. 637.
.'Vntissa, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
XIV. 474.
Antisthenes, Greek philosopher, II.
136; VI. 745; his logic, XIV. 784.
Antitheism, XXIII. 234.
Antithesis, in rhetoric, 11. 138.
Antitheta, Bacon's, xx. 515.
Antitrinitarianism, XXIII. 244, 725.
Antitype, theolpgical term, 11. 138.
Antium, ancient town, Italy, II. 138.
Antivari, town, Montenegro, il. 138;
XVI. 781.
Antlers, of deer, Vll. 23; xv. 431.
.'Vnt-Lion, insect, v. 363; Xlll. 152;
allegorical animal, XIX. 6.
Antonello da Messina, Italian
painter, II. 138; x.xi. 436, 442.
Antongil Bay, Mad.ogascar, xv, 168.
Antonia, tower, Jerusalem, xiii. 638;
XXIIL 16S.
.\ntonides, Hans (Van der Goes), Duteh
poet, II. 138; XII. 95.
Antonini Itinerarium, road book,
II. 139.
Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, in. 86.
, Wall of, Scotland, n. 139; IV. 353;
XXI. 471; xxn. 554.
AND Faustina, Temple of, 11. 416;
XX. 820.
LiBERALlS, Greek grammarian. 11.
139-
Pius, Titus Aurelius, Roman
emperor, II. 139; III. 87.
Antonio, Portuguese pretender, xix.
547-
, Nicolao, Sjianish bibliographer, II.
140.
. DA Tempo, Italian wTiter, xiii. 501.
Antoniopolis, town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
Antonius, the Rhetorician, SjTiac
writer, XXII. 846.
, Marcus, Roman orator, II. 140.
, Marcus (Mark Antony), Roman
triumvir, II. 140; in. 79; XX. 768;
his relations with Cleopatra, v. 826.
AntonomaSIA, in rhetoric, H. 141.
Antony (Anthony), St, 11. 106; i. 10;
XVI. 699; XVIII. 131.
, king of Saxony, XXI. 355.
.■\NT0Z0NE, in chemistry, xvin. 113.
Antrim, county, Ireland, II. 142, popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
town, II. 144.
Ant-Spider, ii. 299.
Ant-Thrush, bird, XIX. 149.
Antwerp, province, Belgium, n. 144.
, to^^Ti, Belgium, II. 144; bombard-
ment of (1830), III. 528; fortifications
of, IX. 449; details of siege of (1832),
IX. 458; XH. 83; pictures in, xxi. 43,
446.
Antyllus, Roman surgeon, xxil. 675.
Anubis, Egyptian divinity, n. 146; viL
3=5.718.
Anund, Swedish king, XXII. 745.
Anup, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718.
A ^ rj — A P O
25
AnuRA, order of Amphibia, I. 751.
Anus, Anatomy of the, VII. 22S ; piles,
XI. 366.
Anvers (Antwerp, q.v.), tovra, Belgium,
II. 144.
A.VVIL, for smith work, II. 147; XI. 426.
\NWARI, Persian poet, II. 147; XVIII.LP5S.
Anweiler, town, Bavaria, II. 147.
ANXENOR, Greek sculptor, II. 147.
An'XI.\ (Lanciano), anciont town, Italy,
XIV. 259.
Anxur (Terracina), ancient town, Italy,
XXIII. 190.
Anyer, town, Java, XIII. 605.
ANZIN, town, France, II. 147; XVII. 535.
Anzitene, ancient district, Asia, XIV.
'59-
AoiDOl, ancient Greek singers, XVIII. 51,
AONVX, genus of otters, XVIII. 69.
AORSI, or Aoi-ses, Asiatic people, XVI.
S13; XVIII. 594.
Aorta, in anatomy, i. 801, 902.
AOSTA, town, Italy, II. 147.
AO'JDaD, goat-like sheep, x.\l. 785.
A0ULIAS,'Nei)alese race, XVII. 341.
APACHES, American Indian tribe, XII.
Sj2.
Ap.\ME.\ (Birejik), ancient town, Meso-
potamia, II. 147; xv;. 48.
-^Micient town, Phrvgia, II. 147;
■■tvill. 852.
, ancient town, Syria, II. 147; XXII.
823; coins of, XVII. 649.
.\PANAGE, feudal term, II. 147.
Apanages, Period of the, in Russia,
XXI. 89.
Apanomeria, to\vn, Thera island,
Greece, XXIII. 2S0.
.\PAR, kind of armadillo, xv. 3S7.
Apatelite, mineral, XVI. 401.
Ap.^TIN, town, Hungary, 11. 147.
Ap.\TITE, mineral, X. 228; xvi. 407;
XVIII. 818; polarity of, xix. 313.
.■\PATURIA, Greek festival, II. 147.
Apauarcticene,' Parthian kingdom,
XVIII. 592.
Ape, zoological group, 11. 148; XV. 444;
man's relation to the, II. 107; organs
of touch in, XXIII. 479; in Spain,
XXII. 297; South American forms, I.
681; Sumatran forms, xxil. 640.
APELDOORN, town, Netherlands, 11. 169.
Apellas, Greek sculptor, II. 169.
Apelles, Greek painter, II. i6g, 363;
XVII. 41; XVIII. 853.
Apello.v, form of name Apollo, II. 185."
Apennines, mountains, Italy, 11. 169;
XIII.434,437; crossed by Via Flaminia,
IX. 2S9.
Apenrade, town, rrussia, II. 170.
Aphaniptera, group of injects, vii.
256; XIII. 150.
\PHASIA, disease, II. 171.
Aphek, town, Phcenicia, XIX. 91.
.■Vphid.€, group of insects, XIII. 146, 153.
.-Vthis Granaria, wheat jiest, .xxiv.
535-
Aphonia, nervous disease, xxiII. 320.
Aphorism, ii. 171.
Aphraates, Syriac MTiter, XXII. S27.
Aphrite, mineral, xvi. 397.
Aphrodite, Greek goddess (the Roman
Venus), II. 171; XVIII. 295; theEgj-p-
tian Athor, III. 13; Praxiteles's statue
of, x\'lll. 853; temple of, at Paphos,
Cyprus, XVIII. 228.
, mineral, XVI. 414.
AND Cupids, statuette, xxiil. 191.
Ur.^nia, Phcenician goddess, xvni.
756.
AphrothoraCA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
845.
Aphtha, Epizootic, cattle disease, xvii.
60. •
Aphthartodocetism, ancient heresy,
XI II. 796.
Aphthongia, defect of .speech, XXII.
448.
Aphthonius, Greek rhetorician, X.\.
514; his fables, VIII. 83S.
Apia, to\ni, Navigatoi's' Islands, Pacific,
XVii. 279.
Apiaries, iii.°499.
Apicius, Roman epicures, II. 173.
Apiculture, bee-keeping, iii. 499; xii.
138.
Apion, Greek grammarian, II. 173.
Apis, Egyptian deity, II. 173; vii. 717.
Aplan.'.tic Lenses, xvi. 260; xxui.
144.
Aplanogametes, cells in plants, XX.
425.
Aplvsia, genus of MoUusca, xvi. 6$6,
657.
Apncea, Signs of, in drowning, VII. 474.
Apo, mountain, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 748.
Apocalypse, book of Scripture, 11. 174;
XX. 496.
Apocalyptic Liter.^ture, ii. 174;
XVL315.
Apocrypha, of the Old Testament, 11.
180; Syriac version, XXII. 824, 826;
book of Baruch, in. 404; Esdras, viil.
541; Judith, XIIL 765; Maccabees,
XV. 131; Tobit, XXIII. 428.
Apodictic Reasoning, iu logic, xiv.
785, 786.
Apog.\my, in plant reproduction, XX.
424.
Apold.\, town, Germany, II. 184; xxi.
349-
Apollinaris, Sulpicius, gi'aminarian
of Carthage, II. 185.
Mineral Water, xxiv. 399.
SiDONlUS, early Christian writer,
II. 184.
Apollinopolis Magna (Edfu), town,
Egypt, VII. 783; temple at, II. 3S9.
Apollo, Greek god, 11. 185; vii. 51; his
relation to Latona, XIV. 345; oracle of,
XVII. 80S; Belvidere statue of, II. 186;
temple of, a^ Delphi, vii. 52; temples
of, at Thebes, XXIIL 230.
Apollo and Daphne, Max MiiHei-'s
theory of, xvii. 138.
Apollo Epicurius, temple of, Bassa;,
Greece, XVIIL 735.
Apollodorus, Roman architect, 11. 186.
, Athenian grammarian, II. 1S6.
, Greek painter, II. 186.
ApOllonia, ancient town. Cyrenaica,
II. 186; XXIII. 575.
, ancient to\vn, lUyria, II. 1S6.
, ancient town, Thrace, II. 186.
, town, Siplianto,Greek Archipelagij,
XXII. 95.
, lake, Asi^ Minor, il. 709; xvii.
122.
Apolloni.\tis, Parthian kingdom,
XVIII. 592. *
Apollonius, Alexandrian gi-auiniarian,
n. 1S7.
, Dyscolus, grammarian, II. 187.
, Molo, Greek rhetorician, II. 1S7.
, Pergceus, Greek geometrician, 11.
187; his application of geometry to
astronomyi II. 749; on conic sections,
VL 273.
, Rhodius, Greek epic poet, II. 187;
his Argonautica, I. 499.
of Tralles, sculptor, II. 187.
■ , T_ anaius, philosopher and magi-
cian, II. 188; XXIIL 420; his life, by
Philostratus, xviii. 796.
OF Tyre, Greek romance, XX. 635.
Apollos, of Scripture, II. 189.
Apologetics, in tlieology, 11. iSg;
dogmatic, vil. 3395 xxill. 274;
Origen's work on, xvil. 841.
Apologeticus, Tertullian's work,
XXIII. 197.
Apologia, of Plato, IX. 198.
Apologue, fable, 11. 193; viii. 837.
Apology, Justin Martyr's, xiii. 790.
Apomorphi.\, emetic, xvii. 793.
Apophthegm, il 193; l 783.
Apophyllite, niineial, XVL 421.
Apoplexy, disease, II. 193; from heat,
XXII. 666.
Apospory, in plant reproduction, XX.
424.
Apostasy, ii. 194; legal aspects of, xl
738.
A Posteriori, in philosophy, 11. 2 14.
Apostle, of Scripture, 11. 194; of the
Gentiles (Paul), XVIII. 416; of Bomo
(Philip Neri), XVII. 346.-
Apostles, their relation to the Chi'istiau
church, V. 700.
, Acts of the, I. 123.
Apostles' Creed, ii. 194; vi. 561.
Apostolic, designation of churches, 11.
194.
Bishop, title of the pope, XIX.
498.
Brethren, Christian sects, IL 198;
XX. 322.
Canons, ii. 194; v. 16.
Constitutions,' ii. 195, 196; v.
16.
XXV. - 4
26
A P O — A it A
Apostolic Fathers, ii. 195.
Apostolici, Christian sects, II. 198.
, monks, xvi. 711.
Apostolic Visit, congregation of the
Church of Eome, XX. 629.
Apostolius, Michael, Greek theologian,
n. 198.
Apotactici, Christian sect, ll. 198.
ApothecaiIv, II. 198; XVIIL 730.
ApoTHECi.i, female organs, in lichens,
XIV. 554.
Apotheosis, deification, 11. 199; de-
manded by Alexander the Great, I.
484; XV. 141.
Appalachian Mountains, North
America, II. 200; L 678J xvii. 396;
xxin. 792.
Appalachian Races, Amerifan In-
dians, XII. 828.
Apparitions, 11. 202.
Appeal, in law, 11. 208; English courts
of, VL 516; xiiL 765.
APPENDICULARIID.E, family of Tuni-
cata, XXIH. 609, 614.
ApPendiculat.\, in Lankestei-'s zoo-
logical classification, XXIV. 813.
APPENDINI, Francesco Maria, Italian
historian, II. 210.
Appenzell, canton, Switzerland, II.
210; XXII. '778, 784, 789; town, II.
210; X.XII. 7/3.
Appenzeller, J. C, Swiss novelist,
XXII. 799.
ApperleYj Charles James, sporting
writer, II. 211.
Appian, Greek historian, II. 211.
Appiani, Andrea, Italian painter, II.
211.
Appia Via (Appian Way), of Claudius,
II. 211; V. 8i6.'
Apple, tree and fruit, II. 211; iv. 152;
XII. 269; culture of, in Kansas,
U.S.A., XIIL ?43)-for cider, V. 775.
OF Discord, xviii. 295.
Appleby, town, England, 11. 212; xxiv.
516.
Apple-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Appleton, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 617.
Appleton's American C\clo?je.di.\
VIII. 204.
Applied Mechanics, xv. 750.
Appr.\ISEr, valuator, II. 212.
Apprehe^'SION, Stoic theory of, XXII.
566.
Apprenticeship, IL212; enforced, ix.
76a
Approbation, Love of, in phrenology,
xviii. S45.
Approximation, in algebra, L 553.
Appuleius, or Apuleius (g.f.), 11. 215;
diction and style of, Xlv. 33S.
Apraksin, Russian general, XXI. 99.
Africa P.\ss, Xorth Italy, xxiv. 45.
Apricot, tree and fruit, n. 214; XIL
269.
Aprils, Egyptian king, II. 214.
April, month, ii. 214.
A Priori, iu philosophy, n. 214.
Apse, in architecture, II. 215; French,
II. 430.
Apsheron, peninsula, Caspian Sea, 11.
215; V. 177; xxiiL 513.
Apsvrtus, Roman veterinarian, xxiv.
197.
Apt, town, France, II. 215; xxiv. 114.
Aptenodytes, genus of birds, xviil.
Apteryx, genus of birds, xiv. 104;
xviii. 44.
Aptornis, genus of birds, XVL S09.
Apuani, Ligurian tribe, Italy, Xiv.
640.
Apuleius, or Xppuleius, Lucius, Latin
romance ivriter, II. 215; XX. 636;
XXI. 319; diction and style of, XIV.
33S; his place ia Roman literature,
XX. 726.
Apuli.\, district, Italy, II. 2i6; duchy
of, XIII. 471.
Apulians, ancient Italian tiibe, XIIL
445-
Apure, river, Venezuela, II. 217.
Apurim.\C, river, Peru, II. 217.
Aqua Appi.\, Aqua Claudia, etc.,
ancient Roman aqueducts, II. 220.
AQUiE Sous (Bath), Roman spa, Eng-
land, III. 433, 437.
Aquafortis, or Nitric Acid, xvil 518.
Aquamarine, precious stone, ill. 613;
XVI. 418
TOP.AZ, xxiii. 446.
Aquambo, country, West Africa, 11. 217.
Aquapim, country. West Africa, II.
217.
Aquarians, early Christian sect, 11.
217.
Aquarium, u. 217.
Aquatint, etching, viii. 444.
Aqueduct, n. 219; iv. 284; xxiva
408; at Lisbon, xiv. 692; of Tiajan,
at Segovia, XXI. 623.
Aquiculture, fish-culture, XIX. 126.
Aquil.\, town, Italy, II. 230.
, tranilator of Old Testament, II.
230; 'Targum of, xxiii. 63.
, or Arno, archbishop of Sakburg,
II. 625.
, genus of birds, VII. 590.
, Caspar, German theologian, II. 230.
, Serafino dell', Italian poet, II. 230.
Aquilei.-v, ancient town, Italy, II. 230;
synod of (38 1 X L 662.
AQUILIN.e, family of birds, VII. '589.
Aquillius. Manius, Roman consul, .11.
231.
Aquilonia, Samnite town, Italy, XXI.
249.
Aqu IN.'iS, Thomas, scholastic philosopher,
11.231; XVI. 710; XXI. 427; his ethical
system, VIII. 594; on the idea of <3od,
XXIII. 241; hymns by, XII. 584.
Aquisgranum (Aix-la-Chapelle), an-
cient tonii, Rhenish Prussia, I. 432.
AqOITAINE (Aquitania), acquired by
England, viii. 202; French con<juest
of, VIII. 321.
Aquitani, Gallic tribe, x. in.
Aquit.\nl\, division of Gaul, II. 233.
Aquitanus, Prosper, early Christian
■ writer, XIX. 824.
Ara, genus of birds, XV. 130.
AR-ABESQUE, ornamentation, II. 233.
Arabgir, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 334.
Arabia, 11. 235, 686; division of Asiatie
Turkey, XXIIL 653; in time of Mo-
hammed, XVL 545; birds of, IIL 75^8;
coffee of, VI. 113; coins of, XVII. 6^;
Jews in, XIII. 6S7; language of, XSU,
650.
Felix, xxiv. 738.
Arabian .\stronomy, il 751.
Arabian Historians, Early, xxilL 1.
Ar.\bi.\n Horses, xii. 1S2, 184.
Ar.abi.an Libraries, xiv. 514.
.^.rabi.an Mathematicians, i. 512.
Arabian Medicine, i. 805; xv. 805.
Ar.\bi.an Nights' Entertainments,
xxiii. 316; II. 263; French trau«iatloii
of, X. 37; Lane's translation, XIV. 283.
Ar.\bian Philosophy', 11. 265; l 50;
XXI. 426.
Arabian Se.\, ii. 27a
AR-ABICI, Christian sect, II. 27a
Ar-abic Language, x. 595; xvin. 778;
XXI. 650; dialects, 11. 253; diction-
aries, VII. 189; grammar, II. 253.
Arabic Literature, il 262; Hama-
sah, XI. 402 ; histories, XXIII. i;
Koran, xn. 597; MoaUakat, xvi. 53d;
Tliousand and Oue Nights, xxill. 31(5.
Arabic Numer.\ls, ii. 525; xvii. 626^
Ar.\BISTAN, district, Pei-sia, XIV. 68.
Arabkir, to«Ti, Tmkey in Asia, IL 234.
Arabon.\ (Raab), Roman station, Hun-
gary, XX. 190.
Arabs, origin of the race, II. 245; in
Africa, I. 262; of Algeria, I. 564; their
first intervention in Persia, XVIII. 610;
their invasion of Spain, xxil. 309; le-
ligions of, XVL 546; XX. 361.
AR-\c.\n (Arakan), division, British Bu»-
niah, II. 305.
Ar.\Caris, bii-d, x.xilL 477.
Ar.aC.\TI, town, Brazil, II. 27a
ARACHIS HYPOG^A, giound nut, XL 221.
Ar.\CHNID.\, class of animals, IL 271;
in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813;
parasitic, XVIII. 259.
Arachnoid Me.mbrane, in human
brain, I. S65.
ARACaosiv, Parthian satrapy, XVIIL
586, 592.
AR-ACHOTUS, river, Asia, L 229.
Ar.\chthus (Arta), river, Albania, IL
640.
Arad, town, Himgarj', II. 30a
Araf.\T, mountain, Arabia, II. 300.
Arago, Fran{ois J. D., French physicistj
II. 30a
AR.AG0N, kingdom of, Spain, XXIL 313,
A R A — A R C
27
315, 317, 3J2, 326; its connexion with
Naples, XVII. 191.
Aragon, province, Spain, II. 304; XXII.
2gS.
Aragona, to\ni, Sicily, 11. 305.
Aragonese Dialect, xxii. 351.
Aragonite, mineral, XVI. 398.
Araguaya, river, Brazil, 11. 305 ; IV.
221.
Arahal, ton-n, Spain, II. 305.
Arahatship, Buddhist doctrine, XIV.
226.
Arak.\n, division, British Biirmah. 11.
305; IV. 556.
Arakcheeff, Russian minister, XXI.
loi.
Aral, Sea or Lake of, Asia, II. 306; v.
177; XVIII. 104; XXII. 818; XXIII.
511,, 512, 634.
Aralia Papyrifer.v rice paper, XX.
539-
Aram, Eugene, murderer, II. 306.
AraM/Eans, people of Syria, xxil. 822;
XVI. 533; name applied to Nabatreans,
XVII. 160.
Aramaic Languages, ii. 307; xxi.
645, 647; their iullucnco on Hebrew,
XI. 597; inscriiitions, xill. 116.
Aram Naharayim (Mesopotamia),
XVL 47.
Aramus, genus of Inras, xx. 223.
Aran DA, Count of, Spanish .statesman,
II. 308; XXII. 341.
ARANfclDEA, order of AraclmiJa, II.
290.
Aran Islands, Ireland, 11. 308.
Aranjuez, town, Spain, II. 308.
ARANMORE, island, Ireland, II. 30S.
Arany, John, Hungarian poet, XII. 378.
Aranyakas, Sanskrit treatises, XXI.
273.
Aranzi, Julius Ca?.sar, Italian anato-
mist, I. 809; XXIV. o<S.
Arapa, lake, Peru, xvir. 673.
Arapahoes, American ludi/ui Tibc,
XII. 831.
Arar, timber tree, Morocco, XVI. 833.
Ararat, inountains, Armtnia, 11. 309,
XVII. 523; xxiii. 514.
Ararge (Harar), town, North-East
Africa, XI. 454.
Aras, river, Turkey in Asia, II. 309
Ar.\TUS of Siryou, ruler, II. 309.
of Soli, Greek poet, *II. 309.
Araucana, La, Spanish poem, Vin.
519.
Araucania, territor)-, Soutn America,
II. 310.
Araucanian Pine, in Chili, v. 623.
ArauCanians; Soirtli-American race,
I. 701; V. 619; xif. 829.
Araucaria, penns of trees, n. 310.
AraI'CO, province, Cliili, V. 617.
Aravsio (Orange), ancient town, France,
XVII. 812.
Aravalli HilL-s, India, 11. 310; xx
36a'
Aravias, Portugue.se tales, xix. 556.
Arawan, oasis, Africa, XVII. 695.
Araxes (Aras), river, Transcaucasia, II.
309; XXIII. 514.
Arbaces, founder of Median empire, II.
310.
Arbat (Rabat), town, Morocco, XX. 192.
Arbela (Arbil), ancient town, Asiatic
Turkey, II. 311; battle of (331 B.C.), I.
482.
Arbil, town, Asiatic Turkey, n. 311.
Arbiter, Petronius, Latin writer, xviil.
720.
Arbitrage, in stock-broking, II. 311.
Arbitration, ii. 311.
Arboga, town, Sweden, II. 313.
Arbogast, Prankish warrior, XX. 779;
XXIV. 37.
, L. F. A., his theorem, XIII. 20.
Arbois, town, France, II. 313.
Arbor Actionum, Azo's work, lli. 169.
Arboriculture, ii. 314.
Arbor Vit.«, coniferous tree, IL 313.
Arbroath, town, Scotland, 11. 324.
Arbuthnot, Alexander, early Scottish
poet, XXI. 542.
, John, English writer, II. 325; as
satirist, XXL 320.
Arc, Circular, graduation of, XI. 28.
, Joan of, XIII. 695; IX. 550.
Light.s, electric, XIV. 632.
OF the Meridian, measurement
of, II. 792; VII. 597, 606; X. 189.
Arca, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 688.
Arcachon, Bay of, Gironde, France, x.
624.
Arcade, in architecture, II. 325.
Akcadia, country, ancient Greece, }1.
326; coins of, XVII. 643.
, Sannazaro's ])oem, XVIII. 345.
, Sir Philip Sidney's poem, XVIII.
346; XX. 660; XXII. 35.
, Academy of, L 74; XIIL 511.
Arcadian Dialect, of Greek, xi. 133.
Arcadians, Academy of, i. 74.
Arcadius, emperor of the East, XX.
779, 7S0; xxui. 259.
Arc.\gnuolo, Italian painter and sculp-
tor, XVII. 814.
Arcanite, mineral, xvi. 400.
Arcesii.aus, Greek philosopher, IL 326;
I. 6g; xxi. 379.
, Roman sculptor, II. 366.
I.-IV., kings of Libya, III. 446.
Arch, in building, II. 327; in ancient
American monuments, II. 450 ; in
brickwork, iv. 464 ; in bridges, IV.
305; depressed and discharging, II. 463;
in masonry, I v. 474; pointed, intro-
duced into Europe, II. 422; at Rome,
II. 414; xx. 809, 819, 830.
Archaean Rocks, x. 327.
Arch^eoceti, fossil whales, XV. 395.
ArcH.«OLOGY, II. 333; academies of, I.
76; American, I. 692; prehistoric, II.
115; Raphaal's contributions to, XX.
282; archa-ological societies, XXII, 227.
ARCHyEOLOCY, Classical, II. 343 (index,
368); Winckelmann's contributions toj
XXIV. 597.
ARCH.COPTERYX, fossil bird, III. 728;
XVIII. 34; XXI. 323.
Arch.^gathus, Roman physician, XV.
802.
Archangel, government and town^
Russia, IL 368; XXI. 69.
Archbishop, ecclesiastical dignitary, 11.
369; place of, in British ] eerage, xviii-
459-
Archdeacon, ecclesiastical digi.itary,.
iL 370; V. 228.
Archduke, title, n. 370; xix. 738.
Archegonia, sextial orgai a in plants,.
IV. 157; IX. lOI, 105; XML 65.
ArChegoniata, group of plai.ts, xx..
426.
Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, v. 7a
, king of Judfea, IL 371; XIIL 426.
, king of Macedonia, IL 371; XV.
138.
, Greek goncial, IL 371.
, Greek pliilosopher, II. 371.
, Greek sculptor, II. 371.
Archena, town, Spain, II. 370; mineral
water of, XVI. 435; xvii. 51.
Archenterom, cavity in animals, TIIL
746.
Archer, Thomas, publisher of early
English newspaper, x^ IL 413.
rcherina Boltoni, specie of
Protozoa, XIX. 840.
rvRCHERS, Royal Company of, in
Scotland, II. 373.
Archery, ii. 370; glossary of terms, II.
378.
Arches, Court of, 11. 378, 309.
Archetypal Man, of the Kabbalah,.
XIIL 811.
Archiannelida, subclass of worms,
XXIV. 683.
Archidon.% town, Spain, IL 379.
Archil, purple dye, II. 379; XIV. 559.
Archilochus, Greek poet, n. 379;,
XXI. 318.
Archimandrite, title in Greek Church,
II. 3S0; I. II, 23; XVL 700.
Archimedes, mathematician and in-
ventor, II. 380; XXII. 21, 817; hi.-"]
knowledge of conic sections, vi. 273;
his geometrical discoveries, XIIL 5;
on hydrostatics, JCII. -435, 441; his
planetarium, 11. 749; on sq^uaring the
circle, XXII. 434.
, Screw of, II. 381.
Archipelago, Grecian, II. 381.
, Indian, XII. 815.
Archipresbyter, ecclesiastical digni-
tary, VII. 14.
Architecture, il 382 (index, 458;
glossary of terms, 459)v.as a fine art,
IX. 204; relation of building to, IV.
447; use of the cross in, vi. 612; terra-
cotta in, XXIII. 193; zodiacal symbol-
ism in, XXIV. 796; of Babylonia, II!..
28
A R C — A R G
1S9; in England, VIII. 2S0, 300, 310,
317, 326, 330; Etruscan, VIII. 637;
Gothic, of Fugin, XX. 103; Greek, II.
3461 354. 359. 364; ancient Mexican,
XVI. 214; Norman, xvii. 551; Phoe-
nician, XVIII. 810; Pompeiian, XIX.
449; Roman, II. 367; XX. 809; Vene-
tian, XXIV. 148; Veronese, xxiv. 172;
academics of, I. 78; works on, II. 457;
Palladio's works on, xvill. 187; Ra-
phael's contributions " to, XX. 281;
Street's, XXII. 594; Yitruvius's work
on, XXIV. 265; architectural societies.
XXII. 226.
ArchitflWE, in architecture, II. 459;
IV. 492.
Archives, ii. 476; of Belgium, ni. 521;
English, XX. 310.
Archlute, musical instrument, XV.
Archon, Athenian magistrate, II. 476;
XV. 217
^RCHYT.iS, of Tarentum, philosopher,
II. 477; his flying dove, I. 185.
.\.RCIS-SUR-AU5E, toivn, France, II. 477.
\RCOL.\, Italy, Battle of (1796), xvii.
197.
Arcos de l.\ Fronter.\, tovra, Spain,
11. 477-
Arcosoliuxi, arched tomb, in the Cata-
combs, V. 209, 210.
ArCOT, districts, India, 11. 477.
. — , town, India, II. 478; siege of
(1751), VI. 9; XII. 800
Arcs, Circular, graduation of, XI. 28.
Arctic Current, hi. 20.
Arctic Explor.\tions, x. 190, 192;
XIX.'3I5; Franklin's, IX. 721.
Arctic Oce.\n, ii. 478; xix. 315.
Arctium, genus of plants, xxiii. 307.
ARCTOIDE.^, section of Carnivora, XV.
439-
Arctomvs, genus of rodent mammals,
XV. 417, 418, 559.
Arctonvx, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 439.
ARCUEIL, France, aqueduct at, II. 222.
— , Societe d,', X. 122
Arculph, French bishop, on the Holy
Sepulcbj-e, XXI. 672.
Arcus Senilis, eye disease, xvii. 781.
Ardabil, to^yn, Persia, II. 479; XVIII.
626.
Ard.\h.\n, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 515.
Ardak.\n, town, Persia, xviii. 62S.
Ard.\shir I., king (Sasanian) of Persia,
xviil. 607.
■ II., of Persia, XVIII. 610.
— — III., of Persia, xviii. 615.
ARD.A.TOFF, town, Russia, XXII. 77.
Ardea, ancient iovra, Italy, II. 479;
XIV. 343.
, genus of birds, XI. 760.
Ardebil, to-n-n, Persia, II. 479.
Ardeche, department, France, II. 479;
river, XX. 528.
ARDEUN, province, Persia, II. 479.
Arden, woodland division, Warmck-
shire, England, XXI. 738.
, ilary, Shakespeare's mother, XXI.
745. 747. 765-
Ardennes, department, France, II. 479.
Ardennite, mineral, xvi. 426.
Ardern, mountain, Ireland, XX. 170.
Ardfert, village, Ireland, II. 480;
cathedral at, xiv. 52.
ARDGUiSS, town, Ireland, II. 4S0.
Ardjari, tovra, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxiii. 514.
Ardmore, Ireland, round tower and
cathedral at, xxiv. 401.
Ardoch, parish, Scotlana, II. 480;
Roman remains a^, XVIII. 667.
Ardoin, Lombard king, Xlll. 469.
Ardres, town, France, 11. 480.
Ardross.\N, town, Scotland, II. dSo; III.
163.
Area, Mensuration of, XV I. 13.
, 'Standards of, XXIV. 485.
Are.\s, parabolic and elliptic, projec-
tion of, XIX. 798.
Arec.\, genus of palms. III. 61&; xviii.
190.
Ared, pro^nnce, Arabia, 11. 240, 254.
Arekh.a, Abba (Rab"), Jewish scholar,
XX. 190. •
Arel-ATE (Aries), ancient town, France,
"• 543-
Arem, Flood of, in Arabia, II. 2J5.
Aremberg, town, Prussia, II. 4S1.
,■ Dukes of, II. 481.
Arena, in the amphitheatre, I. 775.
Aren.\CE.\, group of Foraminifera, IX.
375-
Aren.\ri.€, sandpits used as catacombs,
v; 212.
Arenas Gordas, district, Spain, xxil.
293.
.A.RENDAL, town, Norway, II. 48 1.
Arendalite, mineral, II. 481.
Arenicol.\ Marina, lobworm, 11. 71
Arensburg, town, Russia, xvii. 732.
Arenskrone, town, Prussia, VII. 134.
Areopagitica, Greek writings, vii.
248.
, MQton's work, XVI. 330.
Areop.\gus, hill, Athens, II. 481; XI.
97; XVIII. 531; XXII. 255.
Arequip.\, department and town. Peru,
II. 4S4; XVIII. 674.
.A.RES, Greek god (the Romair Mars), II.
4S4; XV. 569; festival of, at Papremis,
XIX. 91 ; fountain of, at Thebes. XXIII.
„ 230-
Areskut.\n, mountain, Sweden, XXII.
736.
Areson, Jon, Icelandic poet, II. 4S5.
Aret.^us, Greek physician, II. 4S5; I.
802; XV. 804.
Arethusa, fountain, Syracuse, II. 485;
XXII. 813.
, ancient town, Macedom"a, II. 486.
. ancient town, Syria, II. 486
.Cretin, J. C. F. von, writer on mne-
monics, XVI. 533.
.A.RETINO, Pietro, Italian satirist, II. 486;
XX. 6o9;,x.xiil. 414.
Aretinus, Guido, Italian mosiaan, XI.
257; XVII. 80.
Arezzo, town, Italy, II. 486; XXII. 41;
altar in cathedral, XIX. 123; its school
of painting, XXI. 436, 442; university,
XXIII. S36.
.■\rfvedsonite, mineral, XVI. 418.
Arg.EUS, moimtain, Asia Minor, II.
705; V. 75; XXIII. 654.
Argali, kind of sheep, XXI. 785.
Argam, village, India, II. 486.
Arsan, tree and fruit, Morocco, XVI.
833.
Argand, Aime, his burner for lamps,
X. 98; XIV. 245; his anticipation of
quaternions, XX. 161.
Argaum (Argam), village, India, II.
486.
.Argelander, Friedrich W. A.. Ger-
man astronomer, II. 486.
Argeles, town, France, XX. 127.
Argenis, Barclay's romance. III. 369.
Argens, river, France, XXIV. 68.
Argensola, Bartolomeo Leonardo,
Spanish poet, II. 487.
, Lupercio Leonardo, Spanish dram-
atist, II. 486; XXII. 356.
Argentan, town, France, II. 487; XVlll.
2; lace of, XIV. 186.
Argenteuil, town, France, 11. 487;
XXI. 625.
Argentier.-v (Cimolos), island, -Egean
Sea, XV. 84 1.
Argentin.\,. genus of Salmonids, XXI.
221, 224.
Argentine Republic, n. 487; i. 712;
debt, XVII. 247; libraries, Xiv. 536,
551; newspapers, XVII. 437; observa-
tory at Cordova, XVII. 716.
Argentite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Argentoratum (Strasburg), Roman
station, Germany, XXII. 589.
Arghand-.\b, river, Afghanistan, I.
229.
Arghoul, musical instrument, xvii.
707.
Argiope, genus of Brachiopoda, xix.
441.
ARGiPPiEl, ancient nomadic race, xxi.
575-
Argive Chiefs, their expedition against
Thebes, VIIL 477.
Argo, Voyage of the, II. 490.
Argol, crude tartar, II. 496; VI. 556,
xxjv. 602.
Argokauta, genus of MoUusca. vi. 739;
XVI. 675.
Argonautic.\, ppic uv t'UCCUS, JX
275-
, epic by Varro, XXIV. 94.
Argonauts, of Greek legend, IK 496;
XV. 776; XXIII. 2S0: in Lemnos, Xiv
436.
A R Gr— A K M
29
ARGONNE, plateau, France, II. 497.
Argos, ancient, town, Greece, 11. 497;
XI. 93 ; it3 school of sculpture, II.
350.
Argostoli; town, Cephalonia, Greece,
II. 497; V. 344.
Argosy, ship, named from Eagusa, Xll,
710; XX. 221.
, magazine, XXIV. 644.
Argovie (Aargau), Swiss canton, I. 3.
Arguin, island, West Africa, II. 497.
ArguS, river, Siberia, 1. 746; XXIII.
510.
Argus, in Greek legend, 11. 498.
Argusa (Ragusa), ancient town, Dal-
niatia, XX. 221.
Argyll, Earls and dukes of, II. 498;
eighth earl, XXI. 515; ninth earl, XXI.
'.17-
^'IGYLLSHIRE, county, Scotland, II.
'.99; area and population, XXI. 528;
representation, XXIII. 727; its herring
fishery, IX. 260.
ARgvro- Castro, to\vn, Albania, 11.
501.
Argyropulus, John, learned Greek, 11.
501.
Ari, Icelandic historian, XII. 624.
A.P.IA, Parthian satrapy, XVIII. 586,
592.
Ariadne, in Greek mythology, 11. 501.
FL0REffTlN.\, Ruskin's work, VIII.
445-
.A.R1ALDUS, leader of the Patarene sect,
Xvin. 354.
Arianism, system of doctrinCj II. 537;
XIII. 671.
Ariano, town, Italy, II. 501.
AriaRathes I.-IX., kings of Cappa-
docia, V. 75, 76.
Arias Montanus, Benedictus, Oriental
scholar, II. 501.
Aribau, B. Carlos, Spanish writer, XXII.
364-
Arica, town. South America, II. 5")!;
XVIII. 674, 679.
ARiicE, department, France, 11. 502.
Arikar'ees, American Indian tribe, Xll.
832.
Arimanes (Ahriman, q.v.), Zoroastrian
principle of evU, L 424.
Arimaspians, ancient race, Scythia,
XXI. 577.
Ariobarzanes I., II., kings of Cappa-
docia, V. 76
, Persian general, XVIII. 559.
, Persian satrap, XVIII. 579.
, king of Pontus, XIX. 459.
Arion, Greek poet, II. 502.
Ariosto, Lodovico, Italian poet, II. 502;
VII. 418; XIII. 509; his place in the
Renaissance, XX. 385.
Ariovistus, German leader, x. 474.
Ariseaya, town, Madura, Indian Archi-
pelago, XV. 193.
Arist.«netus, Greek letter-writer, XX.
636.
AaiST^us, in Greek legend, II. 504.
Aristagor_«.s, lord of Miletus, Xl. 9?;
XVIII. 570.
ARJSTANDER, Greek eoothsayer, II. 504.
Arietarchus of Sainos, astronomer, 11.
504, 748.
of Samothrace, grammarian, U.
504; XL 43, 143; XIL 115.
Aristeas, mythical poet, II. 504.
ArisTides, Athenian general, II. '504;
XL 99; rival of Themistocles, xxilI.
250.
of Thebes, Greek painter, II. 506.
, ^lius, Greek rhetorician, n. 505.
, Quintilianus, writer on music, II.
506.
Aristillus, Alexandrian astronomer,
IL 748.
Aristippus, Greek philosopher, 11. 506;
hi." ethical system, vill. 578; fouiider
of the Cyrenaic school, VI. 750.
Aristo of Chios, Stoic philosopher, II.
507.
AristobulOs I., II., princes of Judsa,
xni. 423, 424.
, Peripatetic philosopher, II. 507; I.
500.
of Cassandria, general of Alexander
the Great, II. 507.
Aristocles, alleged name of Plato, XIX.
194.
Aristocracy, xvii. 524; xviii. 458;
government by, > I. 11; Roman, of the
Middle Ages, XX. 782, 787, 792, 806.
Aristocrates, Demosthenes's oration
against, VII. 69.
Aristolochia, genus of plants, XI. 228.
Aristophanes, Greek dramatist, 11.
507; VII. 407; XL 140; as satirist,
XXI. 318.
of Byzantium, Alexandrian critic,
u. 510.
Aristotelianism, or Aristotelian Philo-
sophy, . its different epochs, II. 523 ;
Abelard's resuscitation of, I. 35 ;
Eamus's opposition to, XX. 268; re-
lation of, to scholasticism, XXL 417,
426; Trendelenburg's revival of, xxill.
542.
Aristotle, ii. 510; xviii. 545; tutor of
Alexander the Great, I. 480; founder
of the Peripatetics, XVIII. 545; his in-
fluence on Greek literature, XL 142;
his relations with Theophrastus, XXIII.
277; on analogy, I. 791; his Analytics,
1- 793; founder of comparative ana-
tomy, I. 800; his classification of
animals, XXIV. 804; his influence on
Arabian philosophy, II. 266; on associ-
ation of idea.'^, 11. 730; on astronomy,
II. 747; on axioms, III. i^S; on the
beautiful, I. 215; on birds, XVIIL 2;
on the categories, V. 222; his economic
theorie.?, xix. 349; his ethics, VIII. 581;
on evolution, VIII. 757; on fishes, XIL
630; his logic, XIV. 784; on medicine,
yv. 801; his metnphysic, xvi 79; on
the myateriea, XVII. 126; on physio-
gnomy, XIX. 3; on reptUes, XX. 432;
his rhetoric, xx. 510; on slavery„XXH.
131; onths Tethyum, one of the Tuni-
Cc.ta, XXHI. 609; commentaries on, by
Albertus Magnus, I. 454; by Alex-
ander of Aphrodisias, I. 486; editicn
of his works by Brandis, I v. 2 1 5 ; trar.s-
lations of his works by Boetius, III.
856.
Aristoxenus, Greek writer on music
and philosopher, II. 524 ; XVII. 78 ;
XVIII. 545.
Arithmetic, ii. 524; Caraan'swork on,
V. 90; contributions to, by Leonardo
of Pisa, XIX. 125; by Napier, xvii.
184; by the Pythagoreans, XX. 140;
tables of, XXIII. 7.
Series, xxi. 678.
Arithmology, theory of numbers,
XVII. 614.
AriUS, theologian of Alexandria, II. 537;
at council of Nicsea, VI. 560.
, genus of fishes, XXII. 68.
Arizona, Territory, U.S.A., n. 53S;
XXIIL 802.
Arjun Mal, Sikh ruler, India, XX.
no.
Ark, of Noah, II. 539; vn. 55.
, of the Covenant, 11. 539; XIII. 398.
• Arkansas, State, U.S.A., 11. 539; xxiii.
802; river, 11. 540; xvi. 518.
Arkansite, mineral, xvi. 387.
Arklet, Loch, Scotland, XXII. SS^.
Arklow, town, Ireland, II. 540; XXIV.
557-
Arksutite, mineral, Xvl. 384.
Arkwricht, Sir Richard, Engli.?h in-
ventor, IL 540; VJ. 490'; XVII. 600.
Arleerg Tunnel, Alps, xxiii. 624.
ARLECCHINO (Harlequin), of the panto-
mime, XVIII. 215.
Arles, tovm, France, II. 543.
ARLINGTON. Earl of, English statesman,
"I- 573-
Arlon, town, Belgium, II. 543.
Arlotti, Jacopo, captain of the people,
Rome, XX. 798.
Arm, Human, anatomy of, l. 827, 839. -
Armada, Spanish, 11. 543; xvin. 745;
XXII. 329.
Armadillo, family of Edentata, 11. 544;
XV. 358, 3S6; skeleton of, XXII. 108.
Armagh, county, Ireland, 11. 545;
population and representation, xxijl.
727.
, town, Ireland, II. 546; library,
XIV. 524; observatory, XVII. 710.
, Archbishop of, II. 370.
, Book of, Irish MS.,. XVIIL 15S,
412.
Armagnac, district, France, II. 546.
ArmAGNACS, party, in France, v: 410;
IX. 548; their struggles in Paris,
XVIIL 290.
Armatoli, special constables iu Greece,
XL 124.
30
A R M — A R S
ARMATURE, Electric, Siemens?, XXII. 3S.
Armed Neutr-\lity, The (1780), ix.
594-.
Armenia, conntry. Western Asia, II.
546; XVIII. 595;' XXIII. 653.
, History of, "by Moses of Chorene,
XVI. 861.
, Russian, Transcaucasia, XXIII. 513.
Armeni.vn Church, The, 11. 54S; xx.
631; primate's seat at Etchmiadzin,
viii. 566.
Armenian Langu.^ge, ii. 549; xviii.
7S4; dictionaries of, vil. 190.
Armenian Literature, ii. 550.
Ar.menians, connected with Church of
Rome, XX. 631.
, Era of the, v. 716.
Armenian Version, of the Bihle, 11.
550.
Arment, village, Egypt, vii. 782.
Armenta, Franciscan missionary,
Paraguay, XViil. 245.
Armentieres, to^^-n, France, II. 551;
XVII. 535.
Armet, variety of helmet, XI. 637.
Armfelt, Count, Swedish general, II.
551
ArmiJO, Mamiel, governor of Kew
Mexico, xvii. 402.
Armillary Spheres, Invention of, 11.
748.
ARMiLtUS, the Jewish anri-MessIah,
II. 126.
ARMINI.^NISM, system of doctrine, II.
552-
ArminiUS, German chief, X. 475.
, James, Dutch theologian, II. 551;
XII. 78.
Armistice, in war, 11. 552.
Armisticio, territory-, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
Armlet, hracelet, iv. 1S7.
Armorial Bearings, xi. 6S3.
ArmORICA, district, France, II. 553.
Armoric Language AND Literature,
V. 29S, 324; dictionaries of, vii. 1S8.
Armour, ii. 553.
Armour-Pl.\ted Ships, xvii. 2S5;
XXI. 822.
Armour-Plating, of .«ea fortresses,
IX. 451.
Arms, of the British army, 11. 5SS;
early Irish, XIII. 254; small, XI. 278.
, Coats of, XI. 68 3, 688.
AND Armour, ii. 553.
.Armstrong, Archie, jester, IX. 366.
, John, English ■nriter, II. 558.
Gun, XI. 290, 307.
Armv, II. 559; employment of, in vrar,
XXIV. 343; official precedence in
British, XIX. 667; Austrian, iii. 123;
British, VIII. 244; Eurojiean armies,
VIII. 705; French, IX. 516; German,
X. 467; Indian (Britisli), xil. 774;
Italian, XIII. 45S; Pci-sian, xvin. 62S;
ancient Roman, XX. 734, 746, 759;
Russian, xxi. 72; Sijaiiish, xxil. 203;
Turkish, xxill. 655; United States,
XXIII. S2S; barracks. III. 391; courts
martial, vi. 517; dietary, vii. 212;
savings banks, xxi. 330; transport
corps, XXIV. 295; military societies,
XXII. 227.
Armv Act, English (1S81), xvi. 296.
Arna, wild buffalo, IV. 442.
Arnaouts (Albanians), Greece, XI. 83.
Arnaud, Henri, Waldensiau leader, II.
620; XXIV.. 325.
— — DE \'1lla Nova, alchemist, 11.
620.
Arnauld, Angoliciue, ahhess of. Port
Royal, II. 620.
, Antoiue, French theologian, II.
620; XVIII. 335; XXII. 82; his con-
nexion with Jansenism, XIII. 566.
, Jacqueline Marie, abbess of Port
Royal, II. 621; XIX. 533.
Arnaut Daniel, Proveu5al poet, XIX.
874.
Arndt, Ernst Jloritz, German writer,
II. 622; X. 543.
, John, German Protestant theolo-
gian, II. 622; X. 529; XIX. S3.
Arne, Thomas Augustine, musical com-
poser, II. 623.
rtRNHElM, tiiwu, Netherlands H- 623.
, Johan Georg, Baron von, German
general, II. 624.
Arnhem (Arnlieim), town, XctJierlanJs,
li. 623.
— - Land, Australia, in. 107.
ArniC/V genus of plant.s, II. 623.
Arnim, Bottina von, German authoress,
n. 624.
, Johan Georg, Baron von, German
general, II. 624.
— — , Karl Otto Ludmg von, German
\n-iter of travels, 11. 624.
, Luilwig Achim von, German poet
anil novelist, 11. 624.
Arni Magnusson, IceLindic TXTiter,
XII. 626; XV. 284.
Arni.s, Greek festival, XIV. 678.
ARNls.iEUS, Heniiingu-s German phy-
sician, II. 624.
Arno, liver, It.aly, II. 624; XIII. 43S.
, archbisho)) of Sjilzburg, II. 625.
ArnoI'.ius, the Elder, Christian writer,
.11. 625.
, the Younger, Biblical commentator,
II. 625.
Arnold, to-mi, England, xvii. 598.
, German hynm-writer, xil. 5S7.
of Brescia, forerunner of the Re-
formation, 11.625; X'"- 47-; ''''• 79--
, Eenctlict, American adventurer,
xxin. 744, 787.
, Samuel, musical compo.=er, II. 626.
, Thom.as hcadina"=ter of Rugby
.school, England, II. 626.
DE ToRROGE, grand-master of
Knights Templars, XXIH. 161.
Arnoldus DE Villa Nova, alchemist,
II. 62s.
Arnott, Neil, physicist, II. 62^.
ARNOTTO, vegetable dye, II. 627
Arnsberg, town, Westphalia, n. 628;
XXIV. 517.
Arnstadt, town, Germany, II. 028;
XXI. 46"i.
Arnulf, king of Germany, x. 481.
, archbishop of Rheims, xxiL 75.
Arnus (Arno), river, Italy, II. 624.
Arok-Szallas, to«Ti, HungaiT, 11. 628.
Arolsen, town, Waldeck, Germany,
XXIV. 321.
Aron, river, France, XVII. 495. ■
Arona, town, Italy, II. 628.
Arouet, Francois Mario, real name of
Voltaire, ^^79I; XXIV. 2S5.
Arp.\d, Hungarian dynasty, XII. 367.
Arpino, town, Italy, U. 628.
Arpoxais, Scythian legendary hero,
XXI. 576.
Arqua, town, Italy, II. 628.
Arquerite, mineral, XVI. 382.
Arques, town, France, II. 62S; foresi,
XXI. 626.
Arrabbi.^ti, Florentine faction, XXI.
336.
Arrachel, Arabian mathematician
XXIII. 562.
Arrack, spirituous liquor, II. 628; VI
103; distillation of, vil. 264.
Arrah, town, India, XXI. 735
Arraignment, in law, 11. 628.
Arran, island, Scotland, II. 628.
, Earl of, regent of Scotland, XXI.
499.
Arras, town, France, 11. 629; xyiii.
339; tapestry of, XXIII. 212; treaty of
(■435). 'X- 55°-
Arrebo, Anders, Danish poet", VII. 90
Arrest, in law, 11. 629; ^^^thout warran*
XXIV. 371.
Arrest.ment, in Scots law, 11. 630?
Arrest of Judgment, ii. 630-
ARRETIUM (Arezzo), ancient lown
Italy, II. 4S6; VIII. 635.
ARRET0PH0RI.\, Greek festive cero-
niony, XXIII. 296.
Arria, wife of Ca-cina Pn?tus, 11. 63a
Arrian, Greek lii.«torian, II. 630.
Arrig.M., mountain, Ireland, vii. 361.
ArriUS DiomeDES, Villa of, Pompeii,
XIX. 450.
Ar-Riva.shi, Arahi.an hi.=tori.in, XXlli 3.
Arroe, island, Denmark, I. i8j
Arrondis.<;ement, adininistrati'?e di
vision, France, IX. 509.
Arrow, Lough, Ireland, xxi. {sO,
POISON.s, XXII. 60S.
Arrowroot, ii. 631; Brazilian. ''. ig?
in Polynesia, XIX. 419.
Arrows, manufacture of, II. 376.
Arrowsmith, family of geograji^Ts. n
632.
Arrovo, river, Cochin-China, xxL 152.
Arsaces I., king of Parthi.a, xv. 143;
XVIII. 5S7.
II., of Parthia, xviii. 589.
A R S — A R Y
31
ARSAClDiE, dynasty of Parthiaa kings,'
IL 632; xvin. 587, 605.
Arsacids, in Armenia, 11. 547.
ArsaMASS, to-n-n, Russia, IL 632; XVIL
501.
Ars Amatoria, Ovid's poenij xviii. 79.
Arsenal, il 632; of ancient Venice,
XXIV. 143, 155.
Arsenl\te of Nickel, mineral, xvi.
404.
Arsenic, chemical element, 11. 634; V.
539; xvl 380; as poison, XIX. 277.
Arsenides, as impuiitieSof ores, XVL61.
, Methyl, XVI. 197.
Arseniosiderite, mineral, xVL 406.
Arse^-olite, mineral, xvi. 388.
ARSES, king of Persia, XVIII. 581.
As^iCAS (Artaxerxes ll.\ king of Pei-sia,
XVIIL 576.
Arsinoe, wife of Lysimachus, XV. 120.
, ancient town, Egjpt, XXII. 620.
, Spring of, Gi'eece, XVI. 52.
Arsisba Palus (I^ake Van), Asia
Minor, xxiv. 53.
Arson, in law, 11. 635 ; in relation to
insurance, xiii. 167.
Art, II. 636; beginnings of, Vlll. 622;
illustrated by coins, XVll. 629, 633;
copjTight in works of, VI. 360; func-
tions of, L 213; Etruscan, viii. 637,
B39; early Greek, II. 345 ; Japanese,
XIIL 588; iK)etical, XIX. 258; in the
Renaissance, XX. 385, 390; Schopen-
hauer on, XXI. 451.
Arta, town, Albania, II. 639; river, II.
640.
, Gulf of, Ionian Sea, II. 640.
ARTAB.'I, Egyptian measure, XXIV. 485.
Artab.\>;us I., king of Parthia, Xvin.
594-
II., of Parthia, XVHL 595.
III., of Parthia, xvm. 60a
IV., of Parthia, XViii. 605.
, murderer of Xerxes I., XVIII. 573.
Artabazus, Persian satrap, negotiates
with Pausanias, XVIII. 573.
— -, Persian satrap, his revolt under
Artaxerxes, xviii. 58a
ARTAMUS, genus of birds, XXII. 730.
Art and Part, in Scots law, 11. 639.
Artapherxes. Persian general, xviil.
571.
Artaxerxes, kings of Persia, II, 640;
tombs of, xviii. 558.
I., Longimanus, XVIII. 573.
. II., ilnemon, VI. 753; XVIII. 576.
ni., Ochus, xviii. 580; his con-
quest of EgT.-pt, VI I. 744.
« IV., Bessus, xvm. 582.
ARTEDI, Peter, Swedish natmalist, II.
6/)2; xn. 632; XIV. 672.
ARTELS, Russian co-operative societies,
XXI. 84.
ARTEMIDORUS, cS Ephesus, writer on
dreams, II. 642.
Artemis, Greek goddess (the Roman
Diana), II. 643; viL 167; XVII. 154;
festival of, at Bubastis, xix. 90; myths
of, XVII. 135; her relation to Hecate,
XL 609; to Latona, XIV. 345; temple
of, at EphesUs, VIII. 468; at Magnesia,
XV. 217.
Artemisia, queen of Halicarnassus, il
644; XI. 383.
, wife of Mausolus, king of Caria, IL
644.
Arte.mus Ward (Charles Farrar
Browne), American humorist, IV. 389;
I.. 727.
Arteries, blood-vessels, xxiv. 103, 106;
anatomy of, L 902; in reptiles, XX.
459-
Artesian Wells, ii. 644; x. 269.
Artevelde, Jacob van,Flemish popular
leader, 11. 646.
— , Philip van, popular leader, II.
647.
■ , Plulip van. Sir Henrv Taylor's
poem, xxill. 93.
Arthenice (Marquise de Rambouillet),
X.X. 264.
Arthrit'S, Eheumatoid, disease, XX.
518.
Arthrobacteriace^e, family of Schizo-
mycetes, XXI. 405.
Arthropod.^, group of animals, 11. 647;
XIIL 141; XVII. 115; in Laukester's
classification, xxiv. 813; embryology
of, XX. 419; histology of, xn. 7; re-
production of, XX. 409; skeletal struc-
ture of, XXII. 106; their touch-organs,
XXIII. 478.
ARTHROSPORE.E, group of Schizomy-
cetes, XXI. 405.
Arthur, early British king and hero of
i-omance, II. 649; VIII. 271; romances
and legends of, V. 322; Vlll. 309, 407;
IX. 639; X. 172; XX. 642, 647, 649;
his connexion ^^"ith Caerleon, IV. 632.
of Brittany, nephew of John, king
of England, Vlll. 306; IX. 541; XIIL
713-
, Chester Alan, president of the
United States, XXIII. 787.
Arthus de Bretagne, romance of, xx.
64S.
.\rtibeus PL-ANIROSTRIS, species of bat,
XXIV. 52.
Artichoke, vegetable, n. 653; xn.
278.
, Jerusalem, vegetable, I. 369; Xll.
1S3.
ARTiCLfcs, Tlie Thii-ty-Nine, of the
Church of England, II. 653; vill. 338,
377. 379-
OF War, English, vi. 517; xvl
296.
Artici;l.\ta, division of animals, II.
654, 271; VL 633; XIIL 141.
Articul.\TION, or Joint, in anatomy, L
832.
, of sounds, in teaching deaf-mutes,
VII. 8; loss of the function in aphasia,
IL 171.
Artificial Flowers, ix. 348.
Artificl\l Teeth; vii. 99.
Artillery, il 655, 557; field, xl
313; marine, XV. 545; penetrating
power of, IX. 428, 448, 450; royal
regiment of, in British army, IL 578;
tactical management of,, XXIV. 359.
Artiodactyla, suborder of ungulate
mammals, XV. 429.
.\rtisan Labour, xiv. 166.
.■\.rtisT, Aims of the, IX. 197.
Artists, Greek and Roman, II. 368
Artois, ancient province, France, IL
670.
, Count of (Charles X. of France), v.
412.
, House of, its connexion ^Yith Cajiet
family, v. 55.
Art PoETiQUE, of Boileau, lii. 863.
Arts, Facidty of, in universities, xxilL
833-
, The Fine, IX. 194.
Artus (ArlhurX British hei-o, IL 649.
Artusi, Giovanni ' Battista, Italian
musician, XVIL 87.
Artvin, to^vn, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxilL 514.
Arub.^, islaml. West Indies, XXIV.
510.
Aru Islands, Moluccas, 11. 670; xii.
815.
Arukh, Tabuudic lexicon, xxilL 37.
Arun, river, Sussex, England, XXII.
723-
Arun-Barun Basin, Tibet, xxiii.
341-
Arundel, town, England, 11. 670;
XXII. 724.
, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
IL 670; his Constitutionea against
heresy, XIV. 812.
MSS. and LibR-ARY, XXI. 38;
music in, XVil. 83.
Arundeli.a.v Marbles, n. 671;
Pai-ian Chi-onicle in, XVIII. 273.
AsxTSDO, ancient ^mting implement,
XVIII. 483.
Arusha (Eros), in Vedic mythology,
VIII. 527.
ARU^VI^II, affluent of the Congo,
Africa, XXIV. 764.
Arval Brothers, priesthood, ancient
Rome, II. 671.
Arve, river, France and Switzerland, II.
672; X.X. 527; XXI. 332.
Arvicol.\, genus of rodent mammal.s
XV. 4I9J xxiv. 277.
Arwadh, Syriac \mter, XXII. 828.
Ary'.abh.\t.a, Indian astronomer, L 517;
XXIII. 561.
Arv.\n L-angu.aces. il 672; XVIIL
771. 778, 781; in Europe, VIIL 699,
forms of grammar in, XL 39.
Aryan Races, ii. 674, 697, 698; in
India, XII. 779; native home of, XVIIL
102; their cosmogony, VI. 447; early
worship, IV. 202. 1
32
A K Y — A S M
Aryballus, ancient Greek vase, XIX.
614.
Arzamas, town, Russia, II. 632; xvii.
501.
Arzanene, ancient district, Asia, XIV.
159-
Arzen-Redhwan, affluent of the
Tigris, XXIII. 387.
As, ancient Roman coin and weight, II,
675; XVII. 652.
ASADi, Aii b. Ahmad al, Persian -((Titer,
xvin. 656.
AsAFl, town, Morocco, XXI. 145.
ASAFCETID.4, gum resin, II. 675; I. 232,
742.
Asama-Yam.4, volcano, Japan, Xlll.
571-
Asamon^Us, or Asmoneus, ancestor of
the Maccabees, II. 714; XV. 131.
ASANGA, Buddhist teacher, XIV. 228.
ASASEEF, or Asasif, Egypt, tombs at,
VII. 781.
ASBEN, oasis, ■ Central Africa, L 429;
XVII. 695; mountain, XXI. 149.
Asbestos, mineral, 11. 675; xv. 217;
XVI. 417; as fire-proof paiut, XIX. 88.
ASBJORNSEN, Peter Christen, Norwegian
writer on folk-lore, XVII. 592.
AsBURY, Fra,ncis, American Methodist,
XVI. 191.
Park, to^vn. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XVII. 397.
ASBUZI, town, Asia Minor, XV. 320,
AsCalon, town of the Philistines, II.
676; XVIII 755.
ASCANIAN Line, rulers of Brandenburg,
XX. 2.
ASCANIUS, son of ^neas, I. 182.
AsCARls, genas of nematode worms,
xvn. 32,; pa)-as^itic forms, XXIV. 205,
206; siieruiatozoon of, XX. 411
Ascension, island, Atlantic Ocean, 11.
676; I. 372.
, Right, in astronomy, 11. 765; vi.
1S2.
Day, chm-ch festival, I!. 6,"6; IX.
116.
— — OF Moses, apocal}"i5tic book, n.
177-
AscENSiUS (Badius), Belgian printer, iii.
228.
Asceticism, n. 676; xv. 484; Brah-
uiauist, IV. 205; Buddhist, iv. 435; of
the Essenes, VIII. 550; of Schopenhauer,
XXI. 452; in relation to mysticism,
XVII. 131.
Ascetics, Early Christian, xvi. 699.
Ascetic Writers, of Italy, xiii. 505.
Ascetta Primordialis, sponge, xxii.
412.
ASCH, town, Bohemia, II. 677.
ASCHAFFFNBURG, town, Bavaria, li.
677.
ASCHAM, Roger, English scholar, II.
677.
Ai'-HE, Rabbi (Rab Ashe), editor of
Talmud, li. 679; xx. 190; xxiii. 37.
Aschersleben, town, Prussia, 11. 679;
XXI. 360.
ASCHMEDAI (Asmodeus,g'.».),evil demon,
in Jewisli legend, II. 714.
ASCIDIA, genus of Tunicata, early stages
of, XXIII. 613; XXIV. 170; develop-
ment of, XXIII. 610, 613.
ASCIDIACE.\, order of Tunicata, XXIII.
616.
AsciDlANS, Sii..ple and Compound,
XXIII. 609.
ASCLEPIADES of Prusa, Greek physician,
II. 679; XV. S02.
AscLEPiADS, descendants of .iEsculapius,
II. 511; XV. 800.
ASCLEPIUS, Greek god of medicine
(the Roman Jisculapius), XV. 799;
worsliip of, at Pergamum, XVIII. 527.
ASCOLI, town, Italy, 11. 679.
, Gii'olamo de (Pope Nicholas IV.),
XVII. 484.
ASCOMVCETES, order of Fungi, IX. 833;
XIV. 552, 556; XXIV. 127; reproduc-
tion of, XX. 426.
ASCON, type of sponges, XXII. 413.
Ascoxius Pedunus, Quintus, Roman
wrl'sr, II. 679.
Ascopodaria, genus of Polyzoa, XIX.
43S.
Ascot Races, England, xii. 202.
AsctJE, Anne, Englisli martjT, II. 713.
AscuLUM PiCENUM (Ascoli), aucieut
Roman city, II. 679.
A^CUTNEV, mountain, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 792.
ASELLI, or Asellius, Gasparo, Italian
physician, II. 679; I. 811.
ASELLUS, genus of Crustacea, VI. 646.
Asexual Reproduction, in animals,
XX. 407; Vegetable, XX. 424.
ASGAR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXI.
149.
AsG.^RD, in Noi-se mythology, II. 679.
AsGli-L, John, English writer, II. 680.
Ash, tree, IL 6S0, 317; weeping, 11. 320;
in United States, XXIII. 808; strength
of wood, XXII. 603.
, product of combustion, VI. 47 ;
XIX. 49; volcanic, X. 242.
ASHA, Arabic poet, XVI. 537.
Ashantee, country, West Africa, 11.
68 1 ; I. 269; forests of, IX. 408.
AsHARlsM,philosophiotLeology of Islam,
XVI. 593.
ASHBURTON, town, England, II. 682.
, Lord, English lawyer, VII. 54,
AsHBY Castle, Northampton, England,
XVII. 557.
AsHBV-DE-L.\-ZoucH, town, England,
II. 6S2.
ASRBOD (Azotus), town, Palestine, III.
172; XVIII. 755; language of, XXI.
645.
Ashe (Asche), Rabbi, editor of Talmud,
n. 679; XX. 190; XXIII. 37.
A-SHE-HOH (Ajeho), town, Manchuria,
I. 433; XV. 466.
ASHER, Raboenu (Rosh), German rabbi.
XX. 852.
ASHERA, or Asherah ("grove"), Canaan-
itish goddess or symbol, in. 175; xvill.
803.
ASHFORD, town, England, II. 682.
ASHIK Pasha, Ottoman poet, xxill.
656.
ASHKENAZIM, division of the Jews, xiil.
6S3.
Ashlar, in building, IL 460; IV. 471.
Ashley, Lord (first earl of Shaftesbm-yX
XXI. 728.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, xviii.
95-
Ashref, town, Persia, VIII. 543.
Ashtarkhanides, dynasty, Bokhaia,
IV. 3.
Ashtaroth, plural of Ashtoreth, iii.
176.
Ashton, John, English Lollard, xiv.
811.
Ashton-under-Lvne, town, England,
II. 682.
Ashtoreth, or Astarte (q.v.), Phoenician
goddess, II. 735; in. 176; xvin. 756;
festival of, at Aphaca, xix. 91.
Ashv.'ANIPI, river, Labrador, XIV. 175.
Ash-Wednesday, ii. 680.
Asia, ii. 683 (index, 702); coalfields of,
VI. 58; distribution of fauna of, vii.
269, 271 ; distribution of floi-a, vii.
287; forests, IX. 404; gold, X. 743,
languages, xvin. 779; dictionaiies of
languages, VII. 192; in Ptolemy's geo-
graphy, XX. 95.
, Central, explorations in, X. 194;
XXIII. 338.
Minor, il 703 (index, 713), 656;
coins of, XVII. 644; comjuest of, by
Alexander, I. 481 ; effects of Mace-
donian conquest on, XV. 143; under
the Seljuks, XXI. 636; modern Turkish
provinces of, XXIII. 653.
Asiatic Turkey, xxiii. 653.
AsiD-^eans (Assideans), Jemsh party, II.
729; xin. 421, 422.
AsiDO (Jerez or Medina Sidonia), ancient
Roman to\\-n, Spain, xiil. 629; xv. 8ig.
AsiENTO, clause in treaty of Utrecht
(1713), XXIIL 734.
d'Ambato, towii, Ecuador, 1. 659.
Asio, genus of birds, xvili. 90.
AsiOOT (Siut, Asyoot), town. Upjier
Eg>-pt. XX"- -'oy' ^"'l- 775-
AsisiU.M (Assisi), ancient town, Italy,
n. 729.
AsKAl'AD, town, Transca-spian Region,
RusEJa, XVI. 42; xxill. 512.
ASKELON (Ascalon), town of tlv.
Philistines, II. 676; xviil. 755
Askew, Anne, English martyr, ii. ; .3.
AsKI Shahr (Kashgar), town, East
Turkestan, XIV. 7; xxill. 639.
ASM.'^I, or Asmayi, Arabic writer, II. 713.
Asmoe-eus, evil demon, in Jewisln
legend, II. 714; VII. 64; XXllI. 428
A S M — A S T
33
ASMONFANS, or HasmonjEans, Jewish
family, II. 714; XIII. 421; XV. 131.
ASMONEUS, or Asamonreus, ancestor of
the Maccalxjes, II. 714; XV. 131.
AsMUS, Matthias Claudius, German poet,
V. 817.
ASNYK, Adam, Polish poet, XIX. 306.
AsoKA, Buddhist lawgiver, XII. 784; iu-
scriptions of, XIII. iiS; XVllI. 183;
XXI. 272.
AsoLANUS, Andrea, Venetian printer, XV.
5'3-
AsoLO, town, Italy, II. 714.
Asov (Azoff), town, Russia, III. 169.
Asp, poisonous snake, II. 714.
ASPALATHUM (Spalato), ancient town,
Dalmatia, XXII. 366.
AsPAR, Byzantine soldier, XIV. 452.
ASPARAGIN, in chemistry, xv. 335;
XVII. 519.
Asparagus, vegetable, 11. 714; xii.
278.
ASPASIA, of Miletus, Athenian hetaera,
II. 714; XVIII. 532.
ASPASIUS, Peril atetic philosopher, II.
714.
of Ravenna, rhetorician, II. 714.
Aspen, tree, II. 715; XIX. 511; in Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., XXIII. 810.
ASPENDUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
i:. 715; xviii. 207; Greek theatre at,
XXIII. 223.
ASPER, Hans, Swiss painter, II. 715.
ASPERGILLUM, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
687.
AsPERN, Austria, Battle of (1809), in.
133; XIV. 289.
Asphalt, or Asphaltum, mineral, 11.715;
XVI. 428; XXIII. 58; its use as paving
material, XX. 586.
Asphyxia, arrest of respiration, II. 716;
XX. 485; XV. 780; from drowning, VII.
473; from heat, XXII. 666.
Aspinwall, town, Panama, II. 716;
XVIII. 209.
Aspir.\tes, I, 609; XX. 663; XXII. 382;
in Aryan languages, xviii. 787;
hieroglyphic, XI. 796; in ancient MSS.,
xviii. 165.
Aspirator, ventilator in mines, xvi.
461.
AsporEjE, group of Schizomycetes, xxi.
405.
Aspredo, fish, XIX. 481.
Aspromonte, Italy, Battle of (1862),
XIII. 491.
Aspuzi, town, Asia Minor, XV. 320.
Ass, II. 716; XII. 175; XVII. 13; Arabian,
II. 242; Egyptian, vii. 711; wild, of
India, XII. 742; milk of, XVI. 303;
strength of, XV. 772.
ASSAI, Brazilian beverage, XVIII. 234.
Assam, province, British India, II. 717;
XII. 744; tea culture in, XII. 750;
XXIII. 98.
Assamoneus (Asamonipus), ancestor of
the Maccabees, 11. 714; xv. 131.
25—3
Assarotti, Ottavio O. B., teacher of
deaf mutes, in Italy, II. 722.
Assassination, thuggee, in India,
XXIII. 327.
Assassins, Moslem sect, 11. 722; xvi.
594; XVII. 771.
Assault, in law, 11. 724; on a wife,
XXIV. 642.
Assave, India, Battle of (1803), II. 724;
XXIV. 495.
Assaying, in metallurgy, 11. 724; xvi.
63; by blowpipe, XI,\. 213; muffle
furnace for, L\. 843; of coal, VI. 80;
of gold, X. 751; of gold and silver
plate, xi.X. 186; of silver, XXII. 72.
Asselyn, Hans, Dutch painter, II.
728.
Assemani, family of Oriental scholars,
II. 728; XXII. 825.
Assembly, General, of Church of Scot-
land, XIX. 680; XXI. 539; XXIII. 728.
OF Notables, France, ix. 595.
ASSEN, town, Holland, II. 728.
Assens, town, Denmark, II. 728.
Asser, John (Asserius), bishop of Sher-
borne, England, II. 728.
Assessor, in law, 11. 728.
Assets, in law, 11. 729.
Asshur, As.syrian god, III. 193; XXIII.
237-
Assideans, or Asidaans, Jewish party,
II. 729; XIII. 421, 422.
Assignats, French, IX. 601, 606, 608.
Assignment, in law, 11. 729.
Assini, English settlement, West Africa,
X. 755.
Assiniboia, district, North-West Terri-
tory, British America, XVII. 573.
Assisi, town, Italy, 11. 729.
Assize, in law, 11. 729; courts of, vi.
516; trial by, XIII. 784."
Associ.\te Presbytery, Constitu-
tional, Scottish Seceders, XV. 132;
XXIII. 728. '
Associ.\te Reformed Church, in
U.S.A., XIX. 698.
Associate Synod, Scottish Seceders,
XXIII. 728.
Associate System, in prison dis-
cipline, XIX. 755.
Association, Working Men's Inter-
national, XIII. 189.
OF Ideas, in philosophy,' n. 730;
VIII. 607; XX. 60; in dreaming, vil.
458; Dr Thomas Brown on, IV. 388;
Hartley's theory of, XI. 498.
Associations, guilds, xi. 259.
, Scientific and literary, XXII. 221.
Assoilzie, in Sccjts law, j. 58.
AssoNiUM (Auxonne), ancient town,
France, III. 143.
Assos, or Assus, ancient town, Asia
Minor, xvii. 122; xxiii. 579.
Assuay, province, Ecuador, II. 734.
Assumpsit, in law, xxiu. 454.
Assumption, church festival, II. 734;
XV. 592.
Assumption (Asuncion), town, Para-
guay, II. 825; xviiL 244.
OF Moses, Jewish apocalyptic
boot, II. 177.
Assurance, Life, xiii. 168.
Assur-bani-pal, king of 'Assyria, Hi.
188; his palace at Nineveh, xvii. 512.
Assur-n asir-pal, Palace of, at Nineveh,
XVII. 512.
Assus, ancient town, Asia Minor, xvii.
122; XXIII. 579.
AssYNT, Loch, Scotland, xxil. 726.
Assyria, ii. 734; in. 183; contests of,
Avith Israel, XIII. 412; with the Phccni-
cians, xviii. 808; architecture of, 11.
397; coins, xvii. 650; glass-making
x. 648; language, in. 192; XXI. 650;
dictionaries of language, VII. 189;
libraries, XIV. 509; pottery, XIX. 604;
religions, XX. 361; xxiii. 237.
Assyrian Alphabetic Symbols, i.
604,
Assyrian Inscriptions, xin. 114.
Assyrian Mural Decorations, xvii.
34-
Assyrians, ii. 698.
AssYTHMENT, in Scots law, xviii. 272.
AST, George A. F., German philosopher
and philologist, n. 735.
Asta, to\vn, Madura, Indian Archi-
pelago, XV. 194,
AsTARTE, Phoenician goddess, II. 735;
XVIII. 803; her relation to Aphrodite,
II. 172; worship of, in Israel, I. 421.
ASTAUENE, Parthian kingdom, xviii.
592.
ASTELL, Mary, English authoress, II.
735-
ASTENBERG, mountain, Germany, XXJV,
5.6.
AsTEPA (Estepa), ancient town, Spain,
VIII. 559.
Aster, garden plant, II. 735; XII. 250.
ASTERAB.^D (Astrabad), province and
town, Persia, II. 738.
Asterias Glacialis, species of star-
fishes, XX. 416.
Asteridea, order of Echinodermata,
VII. 632.
Asterius of Amasia, writer of homilies,
II. 736.
of Cappadocia, Arian writer, II.
736-
Asteroidea, class of Echinodermata,
XXIV. 813.
Asteroids, minor planets, 11. 736, 806.
Asteropherus, Magnus Olai, Swedish
dramatist, XXII. 754.
Asthma, disease, 11. 736.
ASTI, town, Italy, II. 737.
ASTIBAS (Istib), ancient town, Asia
Minor, Xlll. 433.
Astigmatism, defect of the eye, viii.
819;. XVII. 785; spectacles for, XXII.
373-
ASTOR, John Jacob, American fur
merchaut, II. 737.
XXV. - s
34
A S T — A T H
ASTOR, William C, Bunien's connexion
with, IV. 522.
Fur Company, U.S.A., xxiv. 387.
ASTORG.i, tow.n, Spain, 11. 737; xxii.
307-
, Emanuel d', Italian musical com-
poser, II. 737.
AST0RI.\, to«-n, Oregon, TJ.S.A., II. 737;
XVII. 825.
AsTOR Library, New York, 11. 737;
xrv. 536.
ASTR.\BAD, province ana to^vn, Persia,
II. 738; xviii. 627.
ASTRyEA, asteroid, II. 807.
Astrjeid/E, famOy of corals, vi. 376.
ASTRAKANITE, mineral, x\n. 402.
ASTR.\KH.\N, government and town,
Russia, II. 738; X^. 69.
Tartars, xxiii. 70.
A Strange Truth, Ford's drama, ix.
395-
Astrolabe, instrument used in naVi-'
gation, X. 181; xvii. 251.
, French ship, voyages of, VII. 530.
•'iSTROLOGY, II. 738; VII. 294; XXIV.
795; its relation to magic, xv. 201 >
among the Pa.rsees, XVIII. 325; Car-
dan's work on, v. 90; Kepler's rela-
tions to, XIV. 46; Lillir''s Contributions
to, XIV. 642; Napier's beUef in, xvii.
183; Michael Scofs contributions to,
XXI. 470.
ASTRONOMICA, Manilius's jJoem, xv.
489.
Astronomical Instruments, Pond's,
XIX. 452; Roemer's, xx. 620; micro-
meter, XVI. 242; sextant, xxi. 724;
telescope, XXIII. 135; transit circle,
xxiiL 515.
Astronojiical Ring, Gemma's, xvii.
251.
Astronomy, ii. 744 (index, 823) ;
applications oi, in geodesy, vil. 597;
X. 165; XXII. 696; in measurement of
time, XXIII. 392; musical analogies
■with, xyiL 78; Assyrian, III. 191;
Babylonian, IIL 190; Hindu, XXI.
294; Moslem, XVI. 596; Pythagorean,
XX. 139; contributions to, by Her-
schel, XL 766; by Kepler, XIV. 46;
by Lagrange, XIV. 210; by Laplace,
XIV. 301; by Leverrier, XIV. 486; by
MaskeljTie, XV. 609; by Newton,
XVII. 447; by Pond, XIX. 452; Pto-
lemy's system of, XX. 89; by Thales,
•XXIH. 218; Delambre'a history of,
VII. 41 ; works on, by Longomontanus,
XIV. 866; by Regiomontanus, XX. 342;
astronomical societies, XXII. 225.
Astrophotometer, XXIV. 798.
Astrophyllite, mineral, XVL 413.
AsTR0RHi2iDE.\, Order of Protozoa,
XIX. 846.
Astruc, Jean, French physician, II.
824; XV. 815; on the Pentateuch,
xviii. 505.
ASTUR, genus of birds, x. 788.
Asturian Dialect, xxii. 350.
ASTURI.\S, province, Spain, IL 824;
XXII. 29S; kingdom of, XXII. jil.
, Prince of, son of Johii of Gaunt,
xxiL 321.
Asturica Augusta (Astorga), ancient
Ufwn, Spain, .11. 737; XXII. 307.
AsTY.\GES, Median king, xviii. 564.
AsU-4 affluent of the Nile, Africa, XVll.
506, 507.
Asuncion (Assumption), town, Para-
guay, II. 825; XVIII. 244.
AsuRAS.in Hindu theology, XVIL 152;
XXIV. 821.
Aswan, town, Egypt, vii. 783.
Asylum, in ancient Greece, II. 825,
Asylums, Lunatic, xiif. no; viil. 255.
, for the poor, XIX. 475.
Asymmetry, of crystals, xix. 313.
ASY-MPTOTES, in geometry, vi. 280, 723;
X. 398; xin. 25; xxu. 671.
As You Like It, Shakespeare's play,
XXI. 764.
As\TJT (Asioot), town. Upper Egj-pt,
VII. 775; XXII. 103.
Ata (Al-Mokanna), veiled prophet of
Khorasan, xvi. 608.
Atabapo, town, Venezuela, xvii. 843.
Atacam.\, department, Bolivia, II. 825;
IV. 11; XVIII. 670.
, pro\-ince, Chili, II. 825; V. 617.
Atacamite, mineral, vi. 347; xvi. 385.
ATACA20, mountain, Ecuador, vil. 645.
Atahuallpa, Inca prince of Peru. II.
825; XVIII. 677.
ATAKOR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXI.
149.
Atala, Chateaubriand's work, v. 437.
Atalanta, in Greek legend, II. 826.
Atal.\ntis, in Greek legend. III. 27.
:, iirs Mauley's novel, XV. 492.
Atalik Ghazi (Amir Yakub Beg),
ruler of Kashgar, XIV. 7; xxill. 64O1
At.\ulf, Gothic chief, X. 849.
Atavism, recurrence of ancestral type,
VIII. 615; in animals, iv. 247.
At.\xy, Locomotor, disease, IL 826;
XIH. loi.
AtbaR-A, affluent of the Nile, Africa, l."
62; II. 827; XVIL 507, 508.
Atbo, or Edfu, town. Upper Egypt, vil.
653.
Atchafalaya, riwr, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
IL 827.
Atchinsk, town, Siberia, xxiv. 743.
Atchison, tovin, Kansas, U.S.A., xul
844.
Ate, in Greek mythology, ri. 827.
Ate.\s, Scythian king, XXI. 578.
Ateles, genus of apes, I. 68 1 ; II. t'^j.
Atelier, artisfs work-room, xviil.
137-
Atella, town, Italy, II. 827.
Atell^NjE, Roman comedies, vii. 409.
Atelornis, genua of birds, xx. 627.
Aterno, river, Italy, xiii. 439.
Ateste, town, Italy, viii. 558.
Ath, or Aeth, town, Belgium, II. 827.
Ath.^basca, river and lake. North
America, II. 827.
, district, North - West Territory,
British America, XVII. 573.
Ath.\b.\sc.\ns, American Indians, 3I11.
827.
Athalaric, Gothic chief, X.-851.
Athaliah, of Saripture, 11. 827; XIII.
412.
AthaLia Spinarum, turnip saw-fly,
XXI. 343.
Athalie, Racine's drama, XX. 208.
Athanaric, chief of the Visigoths, X.
84S; XXIII. 258, 720.
Athanasian Creed, vi. 562.
Ath.\nasius, St, bishop of Alexandria,
II. 82S; at councU of Nicasa, VI. 560;
his canon, v. 10.
of Balad, Syriac writer, xxii. 840.
AthapesCOW (Athabasca), river and
lake. North America, II. 827.
.Athar, collection of Moslem l^al
decisions, xvi. 594.
(Attar), Ferid Eddin, Persian poet,
IX. 89; xviii. 658.
Atharva-\'ed.\, sacred book of Brah-
manism, XXI. 279.
Athec^ siiborder of Chelonia, XXIII.
456.
Atheism, xxiii. 234; of Holbach, xii.
53-
Atheling, Edmund, Ving of Mercia,
VIL 669.
Athelstan, or ^thelstan, Saxon ting
of England, II. S30; Vlll. 285; unioa
of Anglo-Saxons under, XVIL 570.
Athena, or Athene (j.o.), Greek goddeaa
(the Roman Minerva), II. 830; xviil
295.
Nike, Temple of, III. 7.
PoLL\s, Temple of, at Pergamum,
xviil 527.
Promachus, Statue of, at Athena,
in. 5.
Athen^UM, ancient academy, 11. 831
Athen^US, Greek writer, II. 831.
, physician, in Rome, XV. 803.
Athenagor.\S, Christian apologist, n.
831.
, Syra^'isan demagogue, XXII. 814.
Athenais (Eudocia), wife of Theodosiua
II., VIIL 659.
Athene, or Athena (q.v.), Greek goddeaa
(the Latin Miner\-a), II. 830; xvii. 138;
XVin. 295; feast of, at Sais, XiX. 91;
brazen house of, at Sparta, xxin
370.
AL£a, Temple of, at T^ea,-XXIIL
no.
ATHENir^ Greek sculptor, rv. 531.
Athenodorus, Greek sculptor, IL 832;
XIV. 2q3.
Cananites, Stoic philosopher, 11.
832.
CorDYLZON, Stoic philoeopher, IL
S32.
A T H — A T T
35
Athenry, town, Ireland, ii. 832; x. 56.
Athens, ancient town, Greece, lir. i;
XI. 100, 113; plain of, III. 60; anti-
quities of, II. 444; coins of, XVII. 642;
public finance of, IX. 171 ; early history
of, XI. 95; orders of nobility at, XVII.
526; its school of sculpture, II. 351;
slaves in, XXII. 130; Dionysiac theatre
at. III. 3; XXIII. 223; water-works of,
II. 219; its supremacy in Greece, XI.
100; in Peloponnesian War, XI. loi;
relations with Persia, XI. 98; XVIII.
570, 574; under the Romans, XI. 107;
connexion with Sicily, XXII. 17; its
relations with Sparta, xxll. 370; siege
of Syracuse, xxil. 814; in time of
Demosthenes, VII. 68; of Herodotus, XI.
757; of Justinian, XI. 113; of Pericles,
xviii. 529; of Pisistratus, XIX. 130; of
Plato, XIX. 194; of Solon, XI. 96; XXII.
254; of Themistocles, XXIII. 250; of
Thucydides, XXIII. 322: St Paul's visit
to, xvni. 420.
, capital of modem Greece, IIL 11;
XI. 85; library at, xiv. 549; observa-
tory, XVII. 714; university, XXIII. 852.
, town, Georgia, U.S.A., III. 1 1.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., iii. 11.
Atheris, genus of ■('ipers, xxiv. 248.
Atherstone, town, England, xxiv.
379-
Atherto'n, town, England, ill. 11.
Atherura, genus of rodent mammals,
XIX. 518.
Athias, Joseph, Jewish rabbi and
printer, in. 11.
AthleTjE, competitors in ancient games,
III. II.
Athletic Contests, Greek and-Roman,
X. 63; XVII. 766.
Athletic Sports, contemporary, iii.
12; XXI. 60; training diet for, vil.
203.
Athlone, town, Ireland, iii. 13; xxiv.
513-
, Earl of (Giuckell), general, x. 602.
Athole, district, Scotland, xvill. 667.
• , Dukes of, their connejcion with the
Isle of Man, xv. 454.
Athor, Egyptian divinity. III. 13; VII.
717; temple of, in Upper Egypt, vil.
77-
Athos, peninsula and mountain, Turkey
in Europe, III. 14; XV. 140; monastery
of St Laura at, I. 11; pUcrimagea to,
XIX. 95.
Athtar, Sabsean god, xxiv. 741.
Athur, Euins of, at Nineveh,, xvil.
512.
Athy, town, Ireland, III. 15; xiv. 73.
Athyr (Athor, q.v.), Egyptian divinity,
III. 13.
Atina, town, Italy, III. 15.
Atisha, Latnaist high priest, Tibet,
XXIII. 346.
Atitlan, lake and volcano, Guatemala,
in. 15; XL 239.
Atjeh (Acheen), government, Sumatra,
XXII. 639.
Atkarsk, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
Atkinson, H. G., his correspondence
with Harriet Martineau, XV. 584.
Atland er Manhem, Rudbeck's work
on Sweden, XXII. 755.
Atlanta, town, Georgia, U.S.A., in. 15;
captured by Sherman ( 1 864), XXIII. 779.
, genus of MoUusca, xvi. 654.
Atlantacea, suborder of MoUusca, xvi.
653.
Atlantica, in Greek mythology, III. 27.
Atlantic City, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 397.
Atlantic Ocean, iil 15; XVL 132;
XXI. 612; density of its water, XVin.
120; birds of, IIL 756; fishes of, XII.
6S0; railways between it and the
Pacific, I. 715; first line of steam-ships-
across, VI. 707.
Atlantis, island, in Greek mythology,
in. 27.
Atlas, in Greek mythology. III. 27.
.mountains, Africa, III. 27; I. 563;
XVI. 831.
Atli, in Nibelimgenlied, xvii. 474.
Atmosphere, The, in. 28, 380 x. 211,
220; XVI. 114; geological influences of,
X. 264; height of. III. 381 ; impurities
in, XXIV. 157; physical properties of,
XiX. 240; refractive power of, II. 769;
speed of sound relatively to, XXIV.
418; temperature of, at different eleva-
tions, I. 196; tides in, XXIIL 353; its
effect on weighing and measuring,
XXIV. 478.
of the Sun, xxn. 645; x. 215.
Atmospheric Engine, xxn. 474.
Atmospheric Railway, in. 36.
Atmu, Egyptian divinity, VII. 716.
Atok, district, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, XXIII. 510, 511.
Atolls, coral reefs enclosing lagoons,
VI. 378; XIV. 27; XVI. 257; XIX. 418,
420; Murray's theory of origin of,
XVIII. 128; in Maldive Islands, XV.
328; in Tahiti Archipelago, XXIII. 22;
in Tuamotu Archipelago, XXIII. 602.
Atom, in. 36; xvi. 610.
AyoMic Theory, in chemistry, v. 465;
VI. 785.
Atomic Theory, Cosmical, early forms
of, vin. 756; of Democritus, vil. 59;
of Empedooles, viii. 179; of Epicurus,
vin. 474; of Leucippus, xiv. 484;
Cudworth's history of, VI. 689.
Atomic Weights, v. 467, 470; laws of
combination of, v. 468.
Atonement, Day of, Jewish faat, vili.
806.
, Sacrificial, xxi. 136.
Atooi, island. Sandwich Islands, Pacific,
III. 49.
Atopite, mmeral, xvi. 404.
Atra, or Atrae, ancient town, Meso-
potamia, XVI. 48; XVIIL 605.
Atrachelia, group of beetles, vi.
133-
Atractaspidid.«, family of snakes,
xxn. 193.
Atr^,' ancient town, Mesopotamia, XVl.
48; XVIII. 605.
Atrai, river, India, XX. 261.
Atrak (Atrek, q.v.), river, Persia, XVlll.
620.
Atrato, river, Colombia, South
America, IIL 49; VI. 153.
Atrek, river, Persia, III. 50; xvill. 620;
XXIII. 511.
Atreus, in Greek legend, in. 50; xviii.
480 J treasury of, at My cense, II. 346,
402.
Atri, or Atria, town, Naples, in. 50.
Atrichia, genus of birds, xxi. 554.
Atrium, in Roman and ecclesiastical
architecture, in. 50.
VesT/E, Rome, XX. 819.
Atropatene, Graeco-Persian kingdom,
XVIII. 586.
, ancient province, Persia, XViiL
626.
Atropates, Persian chief, xv. 143.
Atrophy, disease, ni. 50; xvin. 256,
392; in MoUusca, xvi. 644.
, Acute yeUow, of Uver, XVIII. 386;
xni. 598; XXIV. 735.
Atropia, Atropine, in chemistry, in.
543; IV. 650; xvn. 231; XIX. 279.
Atropos, in Greek mythology, in. 51.
Attachment, in law, ni. 51; xxiv.
696.
Attacus, genua Of sUkwerms, xxir.
60.
Attadillo, edentate mammai, xvni.
211.
Attagas, or Attagen, genua of birds,
xvin. 333.
Attagis, genus of birds, xix. 228.
Attainder, in EngUsh law, in. 52;
Acts of, vin. 330.
Attaint, obsolete writ, in' English law,
xni. 785; XXIV. 694.
Attalia (Adalia), ancient -xiwn. Atria
Minor, in. 52; xvin. 207.
Attalica, Roman cloth of gold, XXIII.
208.
Attalus, king of Pergamum, xv. 143;
xvIiL 527.
Attar, Farid-Uddin, Persian poet,
IX. 89; xVin. 658.
of Roses, perfume, in. 52; xx.
851.
Attars, essential oila in perfumes,
XVIII. 525.
Attemperator, brewing utensil, iv.
275-
Attention, in psychology, in. 52; xx.
41.
Atterbom, Per Daniel A., Swedish.
poet, in. 52; XXII. 757.
Atterbury, Francis, bishop of
Rochester, in. 53.
Attersee, lake, Austria, XXI. 241.
36
A T T — A U G
Am, Isotta degli, mistress of Sigis-
mondo of Rimini, XX. 557.
TIC, in arcliitecture, II. 460.
Dialect, xi. 134.
DRASL^i, VII. 404.
Literature, xi. 140.
ATTICA, Greece, III. 57; XI. 95; coins
of, XVII. 642.
ATTICOTTI, ancient British tribes,- XIII.
245-
AtticOS, Titus Pomponius. friend of
Cicero, III. 61.
H ERODES, Tiberius Claudius,
wealthy citizen of Athens, III. 61.
Attidian Brethren, Etrurian priests,
vi(i. 664.
Attila, king of the Huns, III. 61; xil.
381; xx.VSi.
Attis, or Atys, in Greek mytholpgy,
III. 65; XV. 99.
.'Vttius, Lucius, Latin poet, I. 83.
Attock, town and fort, India l" 62.
Attorney, in law, in. 62.
, Power of, III. 62.
Attorney-General, hi. 63.
Attraction, in magnetism, xv. 219,
231.
, in physics, III. 63; XI. 66; X^.
702; local, affecting pendulum, VII.
602.
AttRuck (Atrek), river, Pci-sia, III. 50;
XVIII. 620; XXIII. 511.
Attwood, Tliomas, English musical
composer, III. 65.
Atures, tribe of American Indians,
xviii. 323.
, cataract. South America, xvir.
S44.
.Atwood, George, English mathemati-
cian, HI. 65; his machine, XV. 716,
727, 733-
Atvs, in Greek mytholog}-, in. 65; xv.
99.
Au, suburb, Munich, Germany, xvii.
24.
AUBAGNE, town, France, in. 65.
AUBAINE, Proudhon's theory of, XI.X.
867.
AUBE, department, France, in. 65;
river, xxi. 624.
Altrenas, town, France, in. 66.
AUBER, Daniel F. E., French musical
composer, III. 66.
Aubergine, vegetable, xii. 2S2.
AUBERT, David, Prankish romancist,
XX. 649.
, Stephen (Pope Innocent VI.), xin.
84.
AUBERVILLIERS, town, France, xxi.
624.
AUBIN, town, France, III. 60.
AUBRAY, Claude d', French writer IX.
655.
AuBRiOT, Hugues, provost of merchants,
. Paris, XViil. 289
Auburn, town, New York, U.S.A., in.
66; xvH. 457.
Aubusson, town, France, III. 67.
Auch, town, France, in. 67.
AUCHENIA, genus of imgulate mammals,
I. 597; xiv. 738.
Auchterarder, town, Scotland, in.
67-
Case, in Scottish Church, v. 376;
IX. 743.
Auchtermuchty, town, Scotland, in.
67.
Auckland, province, New Zealand, in.
67; to^Yn, in. 68.
, Earl of, governor-general of India,
III. 68; xn. 807.
, Lord, English politician, HI. 68.
Islands, South Pacific, iii. 68;
xvii. 466.
Auction, Sale by, in. 68; xxi. 206.
AUD-^EUS, Syrian reformer. III. 69.
Aude, department, France, III. 69.
Audebert, Jean Baptiste, French
naturalist and artist, III. 69; XVIII. 11.
Audefroi le Bastard, French song-
^^Tite^, IX. 642.
AudigiEr, early French satire, IX. 642.
.■Audita Querela, obsolete writ, in
English law, xxiv. 694.
Auditor, certifierof accounts, in. 69.
Auditory Nerve, in anatomy, i. 895.
Auditory Sensations, vii. 594.
Audius (Audffius), Syrian reformer, in.
69.
AUDOENUS (John Owen), Latin epigram-
matist, xviii. 85.
AUDOUIN, Jean Victor, French natural-
ist, in. 70.
AUDRAN, Gerard, French engraver, in.
70; viu. 442.
— . — , Jean, French engraver. III. 70.
Audubon, John James, American
naturalist. III. 70; on American birds,
XVIII. II, 12, 16, 25, 27, 28.
AUE, Hartmann von der, German poet,
X. 518, 523; XI. 499.
Auenbrugger, Leopold, Austrian
physician, III. 145; XV. 815; his
method of auscultation. III. 100.
Auerb.ach, F., his experiments in
magnetism, XV. 259.
AUERSPERG, Count von (Anastasiue
Griin), Austrian poet, X. 546; XI. 224.
Auerstadt, Battle of (1S06), xvii. 210,
AUFIDENA, ancient town, Italy, xxi.
249.
AUFIDUS (Ofanto), river, Italy, xill.
440.
AuGEAN Stables, in Greek legend, in.
71; XI. 726.
Augeias, or Augeas, in Greek legend,
III. 71.
Auger, boring tool, xi. 438.
Augereau, Pierre Francois Charles,
French general, in. 71.
AUGHRIM (Aghrim), Ireland, BatUe of
(1691), I. 282.'
Aucite, mineral, x. 228; XV. 217; xvi.
416.
AUGITE-.A.NDESITE, mineral, x. 235.
Augsburg, town, Germany, III. 71; ita
sculptures, XXI. 566; diet and confes-r
sion of (1530), V. 414; VI. 564; X. 498;
XV. 82, 834; XX. 333; league of (1686),
IX. 579; xn. 81; peace of (1555), X.
499-
AUGUILMIN, tovra, Morocco, XVI. 834.
Augurs, Roman diviners. III. 72; XV.
202.
Augury, in divination, VII. 293.
August, month, in. 73.
Augusta, town, Georgia, U.S.A., III.
73-
, town, Maine, U.S.A , in. 73.
(Agosta), town, Sicily, I. 285.
— — , Cacsarea (Zaragoza), ancient town,
Spain, XXII. 307; xxrv. 770.
AUSCORUM (Auch). ancient to\
France, III. 67.
Emerita (Merida), ancient to^vn,
Spain, XVI. 36; xxii. 307.
Pr^etoria (Aosta), ancient town,
Italy, II. 147.
Augustan Age, I'li. 79; xx. 721.
Augustan History, hi. 73; Salma-
sius's notes on, XXI. 220.
AugustenburG. Prince Frederick of,
VII. 88.
AuGUSTl, John Christian William, Ger-
man theologian, III. 75.
and C»ESARES, at Rome, XX. 777.
Augustine, St, bishop of Hippo, III.
75; his conference with the Donatists,
VII. 360; influence of Neoplatonism
on, XVII. 339; as Biblical interpre-
ter, XI. 745; his canon of Scripture,
V. 11; his ethics, vni. 592; on bap-
tism, III. 349; on the beautiful, I. 216;
on monachism, XVI. 702; on predesti-
nation, XIX. 669.
, St, first archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 78; XVI. 707.
AUGUSTINIANS, or Austin Canons, order
of monks, i. 19; lii. 78; XVI. 702.
AUGUSTINUS, The, Jansen's work, xill.
566.
AUGUSTOBONA (Troyes), ancient town,
France, XXIII. 590.
AuGUST0.\L\cus (Senlis), ancient town,
France, xxi. 664.
AUGUSTOVO, or Augustowo, tftwn.
RussiaTi Poland, III. 79; xXii. 728.
AuGUSTULUS, Romulus, 'Roman f—
peror, xvn. 726.
Augustus (C. Julius Caesar Octavianus;,
Roman empeix)r. III. 79; XX. 769; in
Spain, XXII. 307 ; his relations \vith
Tiberius, XXIII. 335; his division of
Rome into regiones, XX. 832; coins
of, XVII. 653; references to, in the
..Eneid, XXIV. 254.
I.-I U., kings of Poland, XIX. 297.
I., elector of Sayony, XXI. 354.
II., of Saxony (IL of Poland), III.
84; XIX. 297; XXI. 354.
III., of Saxony,. 111.-65.
Augustus, mountain, Western Australia,
XXIV. 507.
, Era of, V. 716.
AUJALA, oasis, Tripoli, xxill. 574.
Auk, bird, III. 85, 734; great, X. 78;
razor-billed, XX. 302.
AULACORHAMPHUS, genus o£ birds,-
XXIII. 477.
AULDJO Vase, ancient glass vessel, X.
649.
.-^ULic Council, court of the empire,
III. 85.
.\ULIE-ATA, town, Syr-Daria, R'lssia,
XXII. 821.
AULIS, ancient town, Greece, III. 85.
AULLAGAS, lake, Peru, xvill. 673.
.^.ULNE, Marquis de 1' (Turgot, q.v.),
French statesman, XXin. 627.
AULOS, Greek musical instrument, XVII.
767.
AULUS Gellius, Roman author, X. 135;
XX. 726.
AUMA, town, Germany, XXI. 349.
AUMALE, tovra, France, III. 85.
AUMUCE (Almuce), hood, church vest-
ment, VI. 463.
AUNGERVYLE, Richard (Richard de
Bury), bishop of Durham, III. 85.
Aunt Judy (i'rs Alfred Gatty), Eng-
lish tale ^vriter, X. 109.
Aural Diseases, \ni. 594.
AURANGZEB, or Aiirungzebe, emperor of
Delhi, III. 99; XII. 795. ,
.^URANITIS, province, Bashan, III. 410.
AURASIUS, mountain, Numidia, XVII.
628.
AURATUS, Jean Daurat, French poet,
VI. 835.
AURAY, town, France, III. 86.
AUREA Chersonesus, OP Malay Penin-
sula, XV. 321.
AUREATUM (Ingolstadt), ancient town,
Bavaria, XIII. 74.
AURELIAN, Roman emperor, XViii.
202; XX. 773, 776; walls of, at Rome,
XX. 832.
AURELIANUS, Cselius, Roman physician,
III. 86; XV. 804.
AuRELius Antoninus (Caracalla),
Roman emperor, v. 81; XXI. 700.
AURELIUS Antoninus, Marcus, Roman
emperor and philosopher, III. 86;
XX. 773. 775; as Stoic, XXH. 573.
Aureola, in sacred paintings, in. 89.
AURES, mountains, Algeria, XVII. 628.
Aureus, Roman coin, xvii. 653: de-
preciations of, XVI. 726.
AURICH, town, Prus-sia, III. 89.
AURICHALCITE, mineral, XVI. 399.
Auricula, garden plant, xii. 253; xix.
737-
Auricular Confession, vi. 257.
AURlcULID^family of snails, XXII. 187.
AurifaBER, Joannes, friend of Luther,
HI. 89.
, Joannes, of Ereslau, Lutheran
di\-ine, in. 90.
A U G — A U W
AURILLAC, town, France, in. 90.
AURIPIGMENTUM, orpimcut, pigment,
iviii. 51.
rtUROCHS, European bison, in. 792.
Aurora, Roman goddess, in. 90.
Borealis, or Northern Lights, in.
90; XVI. 177, 183; its connexion with
sun spots, II. 787.
Leigh, Mrs B^o^vning'3 poem, iv.
392.
Polaris, in. 90.
Aurunc.\ns, or Ausonians, ancient
people, Italy, XIV. 344.
Auruncabad, tp%vn, India, in. 99.
Aurungzebe, emperor of Delhi, III.
99; XII. 795.
Ausa (Vich), ancient tovra, Spain,
XXIV. 210.
Auschwitz, town, Austria, ni. 100.
AUSCULT.\TI0N, in medicine. III. 100;
XV. 816.
Ausonians, or Auruncans, ancient
people, Italy, XIV. 344.
AusoNius, Decimus Magnus, Roman
ppet. III. loi.
AUSPEX, Roman diviner, xv. 202.
Auspices, signs in divination, in. 72.
AUSSEE, spa, Styria, Austria, xxil. 614.
Aussig, or Aussyenad, towai, Bohemia,
III. loi.
Austen, Jane, English ^\Titer, lii. loi.
, WQliam, English sculptor, XXI.
559-
AUSTERLITZ, town, Austria, in. 102;
battle of (1805), III. 132, 444; IX. 615;
XVII. 210.
Austin, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxni. 205.
, or Augustine {q.v.), Sts, III. 75, 78.
, Ann, English Quakeress, XX. 152.
, Captain, Arctic explorer, XIX. 321.
, John, English hymn writer, XII.
592.
, John, English jurist, III. 102; on
government, XL 9; on jurisprudence,
XIV. 354.
, Sarah Taylor, English \NTiter, in.
I02.
Canons, order of monks, I. 19;
XVI. 709.
Austin's Artificial Stone, vi. 243.
Australasia, hi. 102; statistics of
immigration to, viii. 177.
Australia, hi. 103; aborigines, III.
112; their languages, xvni. 780;
dictionaries of languages, VII. 192;
their myths, XVII. 147; their religions,
XX. 365; totemism among them,
xxin. 467; birds, in. 741; XVIII. 16;
coalfields, VI. 59; colonization of, X.
190; convict settlements, XIX. 750;
explorations of, IX. 324; X, 186, 195;
fishes, XII. 674, 676, 681; flora, VII.
289; forests, IX. 406; gold in, X. 744;
libraries, xiv. 534, 550; mineral pro-
ducts, XVI. 471; observatories, xvil.
716; opium cultivation, xvil. 792;
.l>earl lishBries, XVJII. 447; post office,
37
XIX. 578; railways, XX. 252; rainillJ,
XVI. 151; universities, XXIII. 856;
wine industry-, XXIV. eil.
Australia del Espiritu Santo,
island. New Hebrides, xvii. 395.
Australian Region, in zoology, vii.
272.
Australioid Type, of man, 11. 113; m
Asia, II. 697.
AUSTRAsia, country of the Franks, IX.
530; X. 477; under Charles Martel,.v.
427.
Austria-Hungary, Europsan enipire,
III. 115; struggles of Austria with the
Swiss, XXII. 784: its relations with
the papacy, VI. 242 ; its share in the
partition of Poland, XIX. 298; under
Joseph II., xill. 750; Napoleon's
inva-sion of (1805), XVII. 209; under
Mettemich's policy, XVI. 200; its rule
in Italy^XIIl. 486; war with Prussia,
(1866), X. 508, 511; army, II. 604,
660, 666; arsenals, II. 634; coalfields,
VL 57; forests, IX. 401; foundling
haspitals, IX. 483; Jews in, xill. 685;
libraries, XIV. 527, 547; mines, XVI.
468; national debt, xvn. 246; navy,
XVII. 300; newspapers, xvn. 429;
observatories, XVII. 713; police system,
XIX. 343; post office, XIX. 582; prison
system, XIX. 758; railway's, XX. 251;
university statistics, XXIII. 849;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490;
wine industry, XXIV. 610.
AUSTRU, scorching ivind, XXI. 1 5.
AUTH ARi, Flavius, king of the Lombards,
XIV. 8j4.
AUTHIE, river, France, XXII. 261.
AUTHONNE, river. Prance, xvn. 749.
Authority, Sovereign, its source, xiv.
356-
AUTISSIODURUM (Auxerre), ancient
to^^■n, France, III. 143.
Autochthones, in Greek mythology,
in. 141.
AuTO-DA-FE, III. 141; xni. 94.
Autograph, hi. 141.
AUTOLYCUS, Greek astronomer. III. 142;
.11. 748.
AuTOLYTUS, genus of Aniieijda, n. 67.
Aj/TOMATISM, Descartes on, VII. 125.
AUTOMATON, self-moving machine. III.
142; as used in conjuring, XV. 208.
AUTOPHRADATES, satrap of Lydia, XVIII.
.579-
Autos Sacrajientales, Spanish re-
ligious drama.s, iv. 660; \n. 421; XXIV.
124.
AUTUN, toT\Ti, France, .ii. 142.
Autunois, district, France, xxi. 301.
Auvergne, district, France, III. 142.
, Henri de la Tour d' (Turenne),
French general, XXIII. 626.
Auvernier, S%vitzerland, lake-dwelling,'
remains at, XIV. 224.
Auwers, Dr, on parallax jpeasurements,
XVIII. 2A8.
38
A U X — A Z I
AirCENTius of Cappadocia, Arian theo-
logian, III. 143.
AUXERRE, town, France, -in. 143; XXIV.
746.
AuxoNNE, town, France, in. 143.
AUXUME (Axum, q.v.), ancient Abys-
sinian kingdom, IIL 162; I. 65; XXI.
654.
AVA, town, Bunnah, III. 143.
AVAHIS, genus of lemurs, xiv. 441.
AvALLON, town, France, ill. 144; XXIV.
746.
AVALON, peninsula, Newfoundland,
XVII. 382.
, St Hugh of, bishop of Lincoln,
XII. 336.
AVANTURiNE, mineral, xvi. 389.
Avars, ancient people of Asia, XXIII.
659; their invasion of Greece, XI. 112;
their overthrow by Charlemagne, V.
403; XIV. 60.
^1 Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
AVATCHA, volcano, Kamchatka, III. 144.
AvEBUJiv, village, England, III. 144;
cromlech at, XXI. 51; stone circles at,
II. 383; XXIV. 594.
AVEDICK, Armenian patriarch, XIII.
361.
AVEIRO, town, Portugal, III. 144.
AVELLA, town, Italy, III. 144.
AVELLINO, town, Italy, III. 144.
AVEMPACE, Arabian philosophfir, lU.
144; II. 269; XXI. 426.
AVENA, genus of grasses, xvil. 696.
jAvENBRUGGER, Leopold, Austrian phy-
sician, III. 145; XV. 815; his method
of auscultation, UI. 100.
AvENCHES.v district, Switzerland, XXIV.
114, 115.
/IvENTiNE HitL, at Rome, xx. 731,
807.
./IVENTINUS, Johann Thurmayr, Qer-
mah writer, III. 145.
/IVENTURINE, Venetian glass, XVII. 48.
/VvENZOAR, Arabian physician, III. 145;
XV. 805.
/iVERAGE, in maritime commerce, HI.
145; in marine insurance, XIII. 187.
, mathematical and statistical, Xix.
780; XXII. 465.
A VERNUS, lake, Italy, III. 149.
/tVERROES, Arabian philosopher and
physician. III. 149; II. 269; XV. 805;
XXI. 426.
A (errunCUS, epithet of Jupiter, XIII.
780.
y>,VERSA, town, Italy, in. 152.
AVESNES, town, France, III. 152.
AvESTA, sacred book of the Parsees,
XXIV. 775; XVIII. 584, 653.
AVEVRON, department, France, III. 152.
AVEZZANO, town, Italy, III. 152.
AviANUS, Latin fabidist, viil. 838.
AviCEBRON, Jewish philosopher, III.
152; II. 268; VIII. 758; XXI. 426.
AviCENNA, Arabian philosopher and
physician, in. 152; ll. 267; XV. 805;
XXI. 426; as \vriter in Persian, xvni.
656.
AvicENNlA, genus of trees, xv. 4011
AviENUS, Rufus Festus, Latin poet, in.
'55-
AviGLlANO, town, Italy, in. 155.
Avignon, towTi, France, in. 155; XXIV.
114; seat of papal court, V. 821; XIII.
4/6; XIX. 501; in time of Petrarch,
Xvni. 706; bridge at, IV. 330; uni-
versity, XXin. 839.
AviLA, province, Spain, in. 156; XXII.
298; town, in. 156.
, Gil Gonzalez d', Spanish writer,
lU. 157.
V ZUNIGA, Luis d', Spanish his-
torian, in. 157.
AviLES, San Nicolas de, town, Spain,
in. 157.
AvLONA, town, Albania, in. 157.
AvoCA, or Ovoca, river, Ireland, XXIV.
557-
Avocado Oil, xvn. 744, 747.
AvoGADRO's Law of Gases, v. 465;
XVI. 6u; XX. 131.
Avoirdupois, system of weights, in.
157; n. 533; XXIV. 489.
AvoL.\, town, Sicily, in. 157.
Avon, rivers, England, Scotland, France,
III. 157.
, river, Nova Scotia, Xvn. 601.
.river. Linlithgow, Scotland, xiv.
669.
, Lower, river, Somerset, England,
xxn. 257J XXIV. 594.
, Southern, rfver, Wilts, England,
XXIV. 594.
, Upper, or Shakespearean, river,
England, XVII. 555; XXIV. 379.
AVOSET, bird, XXII. 552.
Avranches, town, France, III. 157.
AVRANCHIN, district, France, XV. 458.
AWAJI, island, Japan, Xlll. 569.
AWANTIBO, lemur, xiv. 443.
AXAN (Alp Arslan), Seljuk sultan, I. 598.
AXAVACATL, Mexican ruler, xvi. 210.
Axe, hand-tool, xi. 437; battle-axe, 11,
555-
, river, Somerset, England, XXII.257.
AXELHOLM (Axhohn), Isle of, England,
in. 157; XIV. 653.
Axes, of crystals, XVI. 347.
AXHOLM, Isle of, England, in. 157; xiv.
653-
AxiM, river. Gold Cotist, Africa, I. 42 1 ;
X. 755.
AXINITE, mineral, XVI. 411.
AXINOMANCY, ordeal, xvn, 818.
Axiom, in philosophy, in. 158; in
geometry, X. 376.
Axis, of a magnet, xv, 220, 238.
, Earth's, Stability of, x. 216.
Axius, river, Macedonia, xv. 136.
AXMINSTER, town, England, in. 162;
carpets of, v. 131.
AXOLOTL, amphibian, XXII. 96.
AxoNiA, morphological form, xvi. 843.
AxUM, ancient town, Abyssinia, in. 162;
I. 65; inscriptions at, viil. 613; xxi.
654.
AXVLUS, or Axylum, district, Asia
Minor, II. 704; xvin. 852.
AVACUCHO, town, Peru, xvin. 675.
, La Paz de, town, Bolivia, XIV. 298.
Ayamonte, town, Spain, in. 162.
Ayani, Hasani Shabistari, Persian his-
torian, xvin. 657.
Aye-Aye, lemur, xiv. 443; xv. 170.
Ayen, count and dukes of, xvn. 523.
Aylesbury, town, England, in. 162.
Aylesford, village, England, III. 162.
AyLMER, John, bishop of London, HI.
162.
Aymaras, South-American Indians, iv.
15; xvni. 676; religion of, XX. 364.
Aymon, Four Sons of, romance, xx.
652.
Ayr, town, Scotland, in. 164.
Ayrer, Jacob, German dramatist, III.
165.
Ayrshire, county, Scotland, in. 162;
coalfield of, vi. 53 ; area and population,
XXI. 528; representation, XXIII. 727.
Cattle, i. 388.
AVTON, Sir Robert, early Scottish poet,
in. 165.
Aytoun, William Edmonstoune,. Scot-
tish man of letters, HI. 165.
Ayuka Khan, Mongol chief, iv. 710;
XVL 745.
Ayuthia, town, Siam, xxi. 852.
Ayyubites, Moslem dynasty, Egypt,
XVL 588.
AZAIS, Pierre Hyacinthe, French writer,
in. 166.
Azalea, plant, Xll. 262; xx. 527.
Az.\MMUR, town, Morocco, xvi. 83 1.
A-Zandey, African race, xvn. 473.
AZANIA, district, Africa, I. 432; XXIV.
739-
AZARA, Felix de, Spanish naturalist, III.*
166.
, Jos5 Nicholas d', Spanish diplo-
matist, in. 167.'
AZCAPUZALCO, ancient Mexican town,
XVI. 2C9.
AZEGLIO, Marqnis d', Italian writer and
statesman, in. 167; xin. 487, 489.
AzERBijAN, or Adarbaijan, province,
Persia, in. 167; xvin. 626.
AZEUS, or Azeis, epithet of Zeus at
Laodicea, XIV. 293.
AzHAR, mosque and college, Cairo, IV.
646; xxn. 660.
AziLA, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
AziMGARH, district and town, India, in.
168.
Azimuth, defined, x. 198; in surveying,
xxn. 700, 705, 712.
COMPASS, XVI. 160.
AzmcouRT (Agincourt), Battle of
(1415), L 282; VIII. 320; IX. 549.
Aziz, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxni.
653-
A Z 0 — B A C
39
Azo, Italian writer on law, iii. 169.
AZOFF, town, Russia, III. 169.
, Sea of, Russia, III. 169, 796.
Azoic Strata, in geology, x. 327.
AZQLITMIN, ckemical substance, XIV.
703.
AzOREsT islands, Atlantic Ocean, lu.
169, 18.
AzoTUS (Ashdod, q.i:), town. Palestine,
III. 172.
AZPEITIA, to^^^l, Spain, III. 172.
AZRAK, Bakr el (Blue Nile), Afnca,
XVII. 507, 508.
AZRAKI, Arab historian, XXIII. 3.
Aztecs, ancient people of Mexico, III.
172; I. 695, 706; XII. 828; XVI. 206;
in Nicaragua, XVII. 479; their hiero-
glyphic symbols, I. 602; their mytho-
logy, XVII. 150.
iZULEJOS, Sloorish wall-tOes, XVII. 36.
AZUNI, Domenico Alberto, Italian jurist,
HI. 172.
.^URE, blue pigment, XIX. 87.
AZURITE, mineral, XVI. 399; XV. 313
AzYGOBR.\fJCHl.^ order, of Mo'Iusc^
XVI. 648; XXII. 187.
Azzo (Azo), Itiillan wTiter on law, Jii
J 69-.
fi VVII. princes of Este, It44)'.
mih
T) the second letter of the alphabet,
^' a'l. 173.
i^VDEK, Franz Xaver von, German
philosopher, III. 173; XXIII. 247, 279.
Baal, title of Semitic deities. III. 175;
IV. 764; XIII. 402; XVI. 696; XVIII.
803; XXIII. 237; hunian sacrifices to,
xvni. 730; worship of, in Israel, I.
421.
B.VALBEC, ancient torni, S}Tia, III. 176.
B.\al-Zebub, PhUistine god, in. 503;
XVIII. 756.
Baanes, Paulician teacher, XVIII. 434.
BaaR-AS, fabulous herb, XV. 476.
Bab, The (Mohammed AM), founder of
Babism, in Mohammedanism, HI. i8o;
x\iu. 650; XXII. 665.
Baba-D.\gh, mountains, Asia Minor, II.
706; V. 254.
Babar (Baber, q.v.), founder of ^ the
Mogul empire. III. 179; II. 70a '
Eabatag, town, Bulgaria, III. 178.
Babba, town, Mauretania, Africa, XV.
637.
BaBBAGE, Charles, English mathema-
tician, III. 178 ; his calculating machine,
IV. 654; logarithmic tables by, xxili.
10.
Babcock, " Alphaeu.9, pianoforte maier,
XIX. 77.
Babeigan (Arlaxerxea ' I \ king ol
Persia, II. 642.
Babel, of Scripture, ni. 178. -
Bab-el-Mandeb, strait, Red Sea, iiL
i»79;-XX. 316.
Baber (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), foun-
der of Mogul dynasty. III. 179; II. 700;
XIL 793. 794; XVIII. ""632.
Babeuf, Francois Noel, French socialist,
III.' 179; IX. 609; XXII. 207.
Babhai, the Archimandrite, S3rriac
\^Titer, XXII. 842.
B.\R Nesibhnaye, Syriac writer,
XXII. S44.
Babhavuti, Hindu dramatist, vii. 397.
Babi, Mohammedan sect in Persia, ill.
180; XVIII. 650; XXII. 665.
B.^iA GORA, mountain,. Carpathians,
Austria, X. 25.
Babil, part of modem Babylon, III. 183.
Babington, Anthony, conspirator
against Elizabeth of England, XV. 600.
Babingtonite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Babirussa, genus of ungulate mammals,
xxil. 774.
Bable, Asturian dialect, II. S24; KXIII.
35°-
Baboons, genus of apes, 11. 1 52 ; xv.
477-
Babouvism, tne communism of Babeuf,
III. 180; xxii. .jt>V-
Babrius, or Babrias, Greek fabulist, in.
181; VIII. 838.
Babungera (Niam - Niam), Central-
African race, xvii. 473.
Babuyanes, islands, Philippines, xvni.
751-
B.\BY (Babi), Mohammedan sect in
Persia, III. 180; XVIII. 650; xxil. 665.
B.\BYLON, city. III. 182; as the capital
of ■ Alexander's empire, xvni. 583;
captivity of the Jews in, XIII. 417;
under Medo-Persian rule, xviii. 566,
572; carpets of, v. 128; embroideries,
VIII. 161; wall-sculptures, xvn. 34.
Babylonia, hi. 183; chronology of, by
Berosus, III. 607; geographical extent
of, XVI. 50; contest -with Israel, XIII.
379; conquest of, by Cyrus, Vi. 753;
Parthian kingdom of, XVIII. 592 ;
coins of, XVII. 650; Jewish schools in,
XIII. 429; language of, XXI. 649;
pottery of, XIX. 604.
Babylonian Captivity of the
Church, Lucher's i.-wk, xv. 7S.
Babylonian Cosmogonies, vi. 446.
Babyloni.\n Inscriptions, xiii. 114.
Babylonian Numer.'iLS, xvii. 625.
Babylonian. Philosophers, i. 461.
Baby-loni.\ns, II. 698; their religion,
XX. 362; XXIII. 237.
, The, Aristophanes's comedy, II.
509.
Babvlonica, Greek novel, xx. 634.
B.^CASis (Manresa), ancient town, Spain,
XV. 497.
Baccarat, town, France, in. 194.
Bacch.*, worshippers of Bacchus, XVII.
8J9-
, Euripides's play, VIII. 667.''
Bacchanalia, Greek religioua festivals,
VII. 247.
BaCCHI.^DjE, riUing family in ancient
Coriuth, VI. 397.
B.\cchiglione, river, Italy, in. 194.
Bacchus, Roman god (the Greek
Dionysus), vil. 248; n. 103; orgies of,
XVII. 839; XXI. 137.
Bacchylides, Greek poet, IIL J94.
Baccio della Port.\, Italian painter,
III. 194; XX. 275.
Bach, Johaun Sebastian, German
musician, III. 194; XIX. 67; character
of his music, XVll. 90.
, Karl Philip Emmanuel, German
musical composer. III. I96;-^IX. 67; ad
symphonist, xvn. 96.
Bache, Mount, California, U.SA.
XXIII. 801.
, Alexander Dallas, American physi-
cist, III. 196.
B.\chelor, III. 196.
, Knight, XIV. 117.
OF Arts, university degree, XXII'.
S35.
B.\chi.\n (Batchian), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 197.
BACILL.4RIACE.E, former ' name of
Diatomaceff, VII. 169.
Bacillus, vegetable organism, xxi. 399.
ANTHR.'iCis, infective organism,
XVII. 59; xxi. 400; XXII. 679.
Back, George, Arctic explorer, X. 193;
XIX. 319, 320.
Backergunje (Bakarganj), district,
India, III. 247.
B.\CKERS, Americus, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 73.
B.^ckgammon, game. III. 197.
Backhuysen, Ludolf, Dutch painter,
in. 2od.
B.\cking, in betting, in. 619.
BaCKLEYS, cattle of the Kaffres, V. 246.
Backovsky, F.,. Bohemian '"■Titer, xxii.
153-
Backsword, weapon, xxil. Soi.
Backwardation, Stock Exchange term,
I. 92.
B.^con, Francis (Lord Verulam), lord
chancellor of England and philosopher,
III. 200; VIII. 344; on aeronautics, I. 187;
on astrolo^', II. 742; hit cryptographic
system, VI. 670; his logic, XIV. 791;
his rhetoric, xx. 515; his theism,
XXIII. 244; his place in English liteni-
ture, vin. 422.
, John, English sculptor, ni. 2i8j
XXI. 560.
, or Baconthorpe, John, learned
English monk, III. 222.
— , Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great
seal. III. 218.
, Roger, English philosopher and
scientist. III. 218; VIII.409; xvi.710;
imprisoned by Pope Nicholas IV.,
XVII. 484; on alchemy, I. 464; hLa
claim of power to fly, I. 186; his
magical inventions, XT. 208; on
nmemonics, xvi. 532 j oil optical glasses,
40
B A C — B A H
xxin. 135; on the travels of Friar
William, XXI. 47.
Baconthorpe, John, learned English
monk, III. 222.
E.A.cSANyi, Janos, Hungarian poet, ill.
J22; XII. 377.
Bacteria, vegetable organisms, xxi.
39S ; in animal tissues, X.xil. 680 ;
their power of resisting heat, III. 6S0,
68S.
Bacterium, genus of Schizoinycetes,
XXI. 399, 405
Bacthian (Cachaol. to%vn, Anam, iv.
624.
BaCTRA (Balkh), ancient town, Afghani-
stan, III. 282; I. 243
Bactria, or Bactriana, ancient country,
Asia, III. 222; XVIII. loi; kingdom,
XVIII. 587, 589, 599, 603; conquest of,
by Alexander, XV. 141 ; Greek colonies
in, XVIII. 583; language of, XVIII. 653.
B.\CUP, town, England, III. 222
Badagas, hiU tribes, India, XVII. 509.
Badagry, to\Tn, West ' Africa, XXIV.
754-
Bad.vjos, province, Spam, III. 223; viii.
564; XXII. 298.
, town, Spain, III. 223; captivre of
(1812), XXIV. 496
Badakhshan, country, Central Asia,
III. 223, 241; rubies of, XXI. 48.
Badalocchio, Sisto (Rosa), Italian
painter, 1 11. 224.
Badarin.\th, or Badrinath, town
and temple, India, III. 229; XI. 835.
Badburv, town, England, xxiv. 594.
Baden, grand-duchy, Germany, in.
224.
, town, Austria, III. 227 ; mineral
water of, xvi. 435.
, town, Switzerland, III. 227; min-
eral water of, XVI. 433.
Baden, town, Germany, lii. 226;
mineral wafer of, XVI. 434.
Badenoch, Wolf of, brother of Eoberc
III. of Scotland, XXI. 491.
BADE>fWEiLER, town, Baden, mineral
water of, xvi. 433.
Badge, in heraldry, XI. 709.
Badger, group of carnivorous mam-
mals, III. 227; XV. 440; hibernation
of, XI. 7S8; skins of, IX. 837.
, Honey, XX. 2S8.
B.4DHVZ, district, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, XXIII. 512.
Badia y Leblich, Domingo, Spanish
traveller, lli. 227.
B.ADius, Jodocus or Josse, Belgian
printer, in. 228.
Badku, government and toTvn, Russia,
ni. 258.
Badminton, game, in. 228.
Badnur, toT\'n, India, in. 228.
Bad Pyrmont, town, Germany, xxiv.
321.
Badrin.\th, town and teffple, India,
in. 220: XI. 835.
Baduria, town, India, XXliI. 673.
Bada (Bede, q.v.), early English his-
torian, III. 480.
Baele, tribe. North Central Africa,
XXIII. 334.
Baena, town, Spain, in. 229.
, Alfonso de, Spanish WTiter, XXII.
355-
BaeniDvE, family of reptiles, xxni. 457.
Baer, Carl Ernst von, Eusso-German
naturalist, xxiv. 807; on embryology,
VIII. 165; XVI. 839; on evolution,
VIII. 749,763; his law of development,
XX. 421.
B.STICA (Andalusia), ancient Roman
pro\'ince, Spain, n. 10; XXII. 307.
BAEZA.town, Spain, in. 229.
Baffin, William, English navigator, in.
229; X. 184; his northern explorations
and discoveries, XIX. 317.
Baffin's Bay, North America, in.
229.
Ba-fing, river, West Africa, XXI. 660.
Bafiote, people, West Africa, XIV. 742.
Bacamovo, to^^■n, East Africa, xxiv.
768.
B.\garius, genus of fishes, xxil. 68.
B.iCATELLE, game. III. 229.
Bag.W, Nouvelles Tables Astrono-
miques by, XXiii. 11.
Bagehot, Walter, English economist,
xi.x. 396; VIII. 259.
Bagger, Carl Christian, Danish TiTiter,
VII. 93.
Baggesen, Jens Emmanuel, Danish
humorist. III. 230; vii. 92.
Baggio, Anselmo (Pope Alexander II.),
I. 486.
Baghdad, province. Asiatic Turkey, in.
231; xxiii. 653.
, town, Asiatic Turkey, in. 231;
founding of, n. 259; XVI. 579; caliphs
of, I. 8; capture of, by the Mongols,
XVI. 742; conquest of, by the Turks,
xxin. 645; observatory, xvii. 709;
school of philosophy, n. 267.
B.\GHERMI, or Bagirini, district. Central
Africa, in. 234; l. 271; xxii. 279;
group of Negroes, xvii. 319.
Baghm.^ti, or Bagmati, river, India,
in. 235; XVII. 340.
Baghtchasarai, town, Russia, in. 249;
vi. 586.
B.AGIMOND'S Roll, Scotland, 1. 491.
Bagirimi, district. Central Africa, in.
234; I. 271; xxn 279; group of
Negroes, xvii. 3191
Bagley, Thomas, Lollard preacher, xiv.
812.
Baglioni, Gian Paolo and RodoUo,
tyrants of Perugia, xvin. 680.
Baglivi, Giorgio, Italian physician, in.
235-
Bagmati (Baghmali), river, Nepal, in.
235; xvii. 340.
Bacnacavallo, Bartolommeo, Italian
painter, in. 235.
. Bagneres-DE-Bigorre, to^^•n, France,
in. 235; XX. 127; mineral waters of,
xvi. 433.
Bagneres-de-Lvchon, toi™, France,
III. 235.
Bagni, Casciano dei, town, Italy, v.
175
Dl LtJCCA, commune, Italy, xv. 39.
Bagnoles, mineral spring, France,
XVIII. I.
Bagnyon. Jean, French romancist, xx
650.
Bagoas, Persian satrap, xviii. 581.
B.\gpipe, musical instrument, in. 235.
Bagradas (Mejerda), rivr. North
Africa, xxin. 619.
Bagrat I.-IV., rulers of Georgia, X.
432.
Bagration, Prince Peter, Russian
general. III. 235; .XVll. 217.
Bagru, river. Sierra Leone, Africa, XXII.
45-
Bagrus, genus of fishes, xxn. 68.
Bagur.-^ (Bogra), district, India, in.
859.
Bahadlti, Sir Jung, ruler of Nepal,
XVII. 344.
Bahalul, jester of Harcun al Raschid,
IX. 366.
Bahamas, islands. West Indies, in. 236;
XXIV. 510.
Bahara Sapjjinque, sulphur mine, on
Red Sea, XXII. 634.
Baha-uddin Walad, Persian doctor,
XXI. 59.
Bahia, p^o^^nce and to«-n, Brazil, in.
239-
Bahir, Midrash, xvi. 2S7.
Bahiuda, desert. Nubia, Africa, xvii.
610.
Bahraich, district and town. India,
xviii. 72.
Bahr al-Abiad (^"hite Nile), river,
Africa, I. 48; II. 62; xvii. 506, 508
Cahr al-.-\s\vad, or Atbara, tributary of
tlie Nile, Africa, II. 62, 827; XVII.
507, 508.
Bahr al-Azrak (Blue Nile), river,
Africa, 11. 62; xvn. 507.
Bahr al-Ghazal, tributary of the
NUe, Africa, xvn. 506.
Bahr al-Jebel, headwaters of the
Nile, Africa, xvn. 505, 507.
Bahr al-Zeraf, branch of the Nile,
Africa, XVII. 506.
Bahram l.-U., kings of Persia, xvin.
608.
III., of Persia, XViii. 609.
IV. -V., of Persia, xvin. 610.
Chobin, Persian general, XVHI.
613.
Khan, Turkoman noble, u 434.
Bahrdt, Karl Friedrich, German theo-
logian, III. 240.
Bahrein, island, Persian Gulf, in. 240;
II. 254; pearl fisheries of, xvin. 44J.
Bahr el-Aswad. Bee Bahr al-Aswad.
Bahrevn (Balirein, j.e.), island, Peidan
Gulf, III. 240; 11.. 254.
Bahriya, oasis, Africa, XVII. 695.
Bahr-iYoosuf, canal, Egypt, vii. 7,10.
Bai^ ancient town, Italy, III. 240; 11.
221; bay of, XVII. 188.
Baiburt. town, Asiatic Turkey, III.
240.
Baiern (Bavaria, q.v.), in. 453.
Baie St Paul, town, Canada, XX.
167.
Baif, Jean Antoine de, French poet,
III. 240; IX. 650; XX. 841.
B.\IKAI., Lake, Siberia, III. 241; XIV.
217; XXII; 5; XXIII. 510.
Baikalite, mineral, XVI. 416.
Baikie, William Balfour, African ex-
plorer, in. 241.
Bail, in law, in. 241.
Bailen, or Baylen, town, Spain, in.
241.
Bailey, in architecture, II. 460.
, or Baily, Nathanael, English lexi-
cographer, in. 241.
, Samuel, English philosopher, in.
241
Bailie, Captain, Erskine's defence of,
VIII. 530.
Bailiff, ancient magistrate, iv. 62.
Baillet, Adrien, French writer, ill.
242.
Bailleul, town, France, in. 242; xvii.
535-
Baillie, Joanna, English writer, in.
243-
, Matthew, anatomist and physician,
in. 243; XV. 813.
, Robert, Scottish Presbyterian
divine, in. 243.
Bailly, Jean Sylvain, French astro-
nomer and Revolutionist, III. 244.
Bailments, in law, vn. 239.
Baily, Edward Hodges, English sculp-
tor, in. 245; XXI. 561.
., Francis, English astronomer, in.
245.
, NatRanael, English lexicographer,
III. 241.
Bain, Alexander, on the beautiful, i.
223; on education, vn. 678; on emo-
tional expression, XX. 43; on psycho-
logy of belief, in. 534.
Bainbridge, John, English physician
and astronomer, III. 245.
Baines, Edward, English journalist, in.
245.
, Matthew Talbot. English lawyer,
ni. 245.
Baini, Giuseppe, Italiifn musician, in.
246.
Bainsha, tame buffalo, iv. 442.
BairaKTAR, Turkish vizier, XXIII.
648.
Bairam, Turkish ffestival, in. 246.
Ali, town, Merv, Asia, xvi. 43.
Bairamitch, Plain of, Asia Minor, [
lacin. 578. ^
B.A H— B A li
BAi3.ri, Sir David, British general, HI.
246.
, Spencer F., on North Aii erLcan
.birds, XVIIl. 16; on American fisheries,
IX. 367,
Baireuth, or oayreuth, town, Bavaria.
In. 246 ; Wagner's opera-house at,
XXIV. 316.
Bairut (Beyrout, q.v.), town, Syria, III.
622.
Baisa Bol, gum resin, XVii. 121.
Baisi, district, Nepal, xvn. 340.
Baisun, town, Hissar, Central Asia,
xn. 3.
Bait, in angling, n. 35; mussels as,
xvn. no.
B.\itarani, river, India, v. 243.
Baitool, or Betul, district, India, in.
619.
Baize, coarse wooUen stuff, ix. 292.
Baja, town, Hungary, III. 246.
, town, Tunis, xxm. 620.
Bajazet, or Bayezid, I., Turkish sultan,
in. 247; XXIII. 641. ■
II., Turkish sultan, in. 247; xxin.
642.
, Racine's drama, XX. 207.
Bajazid, toTvTi, Armenia, in. 458.
Bajree, Eg)-ptian mOlet, XVi. 321.
Bajus, Michael (De Bay), Belgian
theologian, in. 247.
Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian poet, in. 247;
XII. 378.
BAKAjtGANj, district, India, in. 247.
B.\KEL, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI.
660.
Baker, Henry, English physicist, in.
249.
, J. G., on the varieties of the
potato, XIX. 595.
, Sir Richard. English chronicler,
III. 249.
, Sir Samuel, his Egj'ptian expedi-
tion, 1. -248; his Nile explorations,
XVII. 506.
, Thomas, English antiquary, in.
249.
, Mount, Cascade Mountains. U.S.A.,
XXIII. 800.
Bakeries, Public, in Rome, in. 250.
Bakewell, town, England, in. 249.
, Robert, English agriculturist, I.
302.
Bakhchisarai, or Baghtchasarai, town,
Rassia, in. 249; Vl. 586.
Bakhmut, to\vn, Russia, in. 250.
Ba-Khoy, river, Senegal, West Africa,
xxi. 660.
riAKi, Ottoman elegiac poet, XXIII.
656.
Baking, in. 250; of meat^ VI. 332.
Baku, government and town, Russia,
III. 258; XXI. 69; xxrti. 513, 514.
Bakunin, Michael, Russian socialist,
xni. 190; xxn. 2i6.
Bakyr Tchai, river, Asia Minor, 11.
708.
41
Bala, town, Wales, III. ■>^S; lake, xvi.
39-
Balaam,' of Scripture, iii. 258.
Balaclava, harbour, Crii' ea, Russia,
VL 587.
Baladhori, M'oslem historiai , xvi.
596.
Bal^NA, genus of cetacean man.mab,
xxiv. 523; XV. 395.
Bal.«NICEPS, genus of birds, XXII.
577-
Bal^NOIDEA, suborder of Cetacea, XV.
394-
BaL/ENOPTERA, genus of cetacean
mammals, xxiv. 524; XV. 395.
B.\L>EUS, of Aleppo, Syriac writer,
XXII. 828.
Balafr6 (Francis of Guise), French
soldier, XI. 266.
BalaghaT, district. Central India, III.
260.
, The, tracts of hill countrv. Jndia.
V. 608; XXI. 210.
Balai (Balffius), Sj-riac writer, :txil.
828.
BalaSIie, leader of the BEuns, XIL 381.
'Balance, ■ measuring apparatus, in.
261; automatic, xvi. .490; spring,
invention of, XII. 149.
, Compensation, tor watch, xxiv.
395-
OF Power, hi. 267.
Balancing Letter,' The, Somers's
pamphlet, XXII. 257.
Balanid^ suborder of Crustacea^ vu
651, 665.
Balaninus, genus of insects, xxrv. 477.
Balanoglossus, species of worms,
XXIV. 179, 187.
BalanopHok-^ce^, parasitic nlants.
XVIII. 266.
Balantes, peoole, Senegambi*, xxi.
662.
Balantium, genus of tree-ferns, xxni.
534-
B.AL.4RUC, France, mineral water of,
XVI. 434.
B.^LAS, Alexander, Syrian ruler, I. 846;
xni. 422.
Balash, king of Persia, xviil. 611.
Balashoff, town, Russia, XXI. 305.
Balasor, district, India III. 272; town,
III. 273; XVII. 845.
Balas Ruby, xxi. 48.
Balassa-Gyarmat, town, Hungary, xi.
346.
Balata Gum, substitute for gutta
percha, XI. 339.
Balaton, Lake, Hungary, iii. 171; xn.
362.
Balbi, Adrian, Italian geographer, m.
273.
Balbin, Aloys B., Bohemian Jesuit his-
torian, XXII. 152.
Balbo, Cesare, Italian -nTiter and states-
man, III. 273; XIII. 487, 516.
Balboa, Va'co Nunez de, Spanish navi-
XXV. —^6
42
B A L — B A L.
gator and explorer, ni. 273; xvill.
115; discovers Pacific Ocean, X. 182.
Balbriggan, town, Ireland, 11 1. 274.
Balbulus, Notker, musical composer,
XVII. 597.
Baldachin, canopy, 11. 462; xxiii. 723.
Baldasarre d" Anna, Venetian
painter, II. 60.
Balde, Jakob, modem Latin poet, III.
274.
Bald Eagle, bird, vii. 590.
Balder, Norss jlivinity, in. 275; L 210;
xvn. 156.
, Dobell's poem, Vll. 307.
Baldi, Bernardino, Italian mathe-
matical!, in. 274.
Baldinger, Ernest Gottfried, German
physician, III. 275.
riALDiNl, Baccio, Italian engraver, viii.
441.
Baldinucci, FOippo, Italian writer,
in. 275.
Baldness, skin affection, xxn. 121.
Baldoon Castle, Wigtown, Scotland,
xxiv. 563.
Baldovinetti, Alessio, Italian painter,
III. 275.
Bald Peak, mountain, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XXIII. 792.
Balduccio di Pisa, Italian sculptor,
XIX. 122; XXI. 568.
Balduinus, Jacobus, Italian jurist, in.
275-
Baldung, Hans (Griin), German
painter, xi. C224.
Baldur, or Balder, Norse divinity, III.
275; I. 210; XVII. 156.
Baldus, Italian jurist, III. 276.
Baldwin, Byzantine emperor (IX of
Flanders), vi. 629.
I.-IX., counts of Flanders, IX. 290,
291.
I.-V., kings of Jerusalem, VL 627;
XXIIL 161.
I., of Jerusalem, VI. 627; IX. 538.
, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 276.
Baldv, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
XVII. 399.
BALE (Basel, q.v.), canton and town.
Switzerland, III. 408.
Bale, John, bishop of Ossory, III. 276;
XIII. 263.
Balearic Islands, Spain, in. 276;
XV. 820; xxn. 298; pottery of, XIX.
623 ; their historical connexion with
Spain, XXII. 323.
Balearicus, MeteUus, colonizer of
Majorca, XVlii. 191.
B.\leen, whalebone, XV. 394; xxiv.
523, 528.
Bales, Peter, shorthand writer, in.
279; XXI. 836.
Balfe, Michael William, musical com-
poser, III. 279.
Balfour, Arthur J» on philosophic
doubt. XXI. 383.
Balfour, Francis M., on embryology,
XX. 418; VIII. 169.
, Sir James, Scottish antiquary,
Iii< 280.
, Sir James, Scottish judge. III. 280.
, Robert, Scottish scholar, in. 280;
XXI. 543.
Balfroosh, town, Persia, in. 280.
Balguy, John, English moralist, in.
280.
Bali, island, Indian Archipelago, in.
281; birds of. III. 764.
Balia, magistracy of Florence and
Siena, XV. 785; XXII. 41.
Balier, Heinrich der, German sculptor,
XXI. 565.
Baliol, Edward, claimant of the
Scottish throne, VIII. 318; XXI. 489.
, John, king of Scotland, VIIL 312;
XX. 592; XXI. 486.
, or BaUiol, Sir John de, English
baron, in. 282.
Balistes, genus of fishes, IX. 161.
Balkan Mountains, Turkey, in. 2S2.
Balkans, Great and Little, mountains,
Transcaspian Region, Russia, xxni.
511.
Balkash, Lake, Central Asia, xiv. 217;
XXI. 640.
Balkh, river and province, Afghani-
stan, I. 242, 243; town, III. 282.
Balkiz, town, Asia Minor, VI. 753.
Ball, John, English Puritan divine, in.
282.
Ballades, Early French, ix. 644.
Ballad Operas, English, xvn. 99.
Ballads, in. 283, 288; of romance
literature, X.X. 632; Servian, XXI. 690.
Ballalas, dynasty of Mysore, India,
XVII. 123.
Ballanche, Pierre Simon, French
moralist. III. 285.
Ball.\ntyne, John and James, Scottish
printers, their relations with Scott,
XXI. 548.
Ballarat, to%ra, Australia, in. 286.
Ballari (Bellary), district and town,
India, in. 286.
Ballater, village, Scotland, III. 287.
Ballenstedt, town, Germany, III. 2S7.
Balleny Island, South Polar regions,
XIX. 330.
Ballet, theatrical representation, in.
288; VI. 800; of action, XVIII. 215.
, variety of song, xvii. 84.
Balley, mountain, California, U.S.A.,
xxni. 801.
Ball-Flower, in architecture, II. 460.
Ballina, town, Ireland, in. 2S8; XXII.
159.
BallinaSLOE, town, Ireland, III. 288;
X. 56.
Ballinrobe, town, Ireland, XV. 65a
Balliol, Sir John de, English baron,
III. 28^.
College, Oxford, xviii. 96.
Ballistics, theory of gunnery, xi. 297.
Ballons, rounded Euminits in Vosges
Mountains, France, xxiv. 298.
Balloon, i. 187; electric motors for,
xxni. 496.
Post, xix. 581.
Ballot, system of voting, in. 288.
Ballot's Law of the Winds, xvi.
147.
Ballot y Torres, Joseph Pan, Spanish
writer, XXII. 364..
Ballou, Hosea, American Universalist,
xxiii. 831.
Ballspiel, German tennis, XXIIJ. 179.
Ballyblay, town, Ireland, XVI 718.
Ballycastle, town, Ireland, III. 292.
Ballymena, town, Ireland, in. 292.
Ballymore, fort, Westmeath, L-eland,
XXIV. 513.
Ball^iote, town, Ireland, xxn. 159.
, Book of, Irish MS., v. 306.
Ballysadare, river, Ireland, XXII.
'59-
Ballyshannon, town, Ireland, in.
292; vn. 362.
Balm, perennial h irb, XIL 289.
Balmer, E. J., his law in qiectroscopy,
xxn. 379.
Balmerino, Lord, Scottish Jacobite,
trial of, XXL 511.
Balmez, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien,
Spanish writer. III. 292; XXII. 362.
Balm of Gilead, oleo-resin, !n. 293;
used as incense, XII. 718.
Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, in. 292.
Balnaves, Henry, Scottish Protestant,
in. 292; XIV. 130.
Balne^ Roman baths, in. 434.
Balneum Marle, process in alchemy,
I. 462.
Balquhidder, district, Scotland, xvin.
667.
Balsam, oleo-resin, in. 292; n. 237;
XX. 474; used as incense, XU. 718.
Bog, vegetable production, Falk-
land Islands, IX. 15.
Fir, American tree, xxni. 809.
Mountain, Virginia, U.SA.,xxill.
794-
Balsamo, Joseph (Count Cagliostro), ad-
venturer, IV. 641.
Balsamodendron, genus of beee, IIL
293; XVII. 121.
Balsar, town, India, XXII. 667.
Balta, town, Russia, IIL 293; Xi:S
254.
Baltaji Muhammed, Turkish vizier,
XXIII. 646.
Baltard, Louis Pierre, French engraver,
III. -93.
Balti, district, Tibet, Xiv. 198.
Baltic Languages, xviii. 78.
Baltic Se.^, ih. 293; x. 447; xxil
737; amber deposits of, I. 659.
■Baltimore, town, Maryland, U.S.A.,
III. 298; XV. 603; XXIII. 822; libraries,
XIV. 550; newspapers, xvn. 434.
B A L — B A P
43
Baltimore, Lord, governor of New-
foundland, IV. 713; XVII. 3S5; his
-settlement of Mai-yland, XV. 605; liis
relations with Penn, xvni. 4951
Baltimorite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Baluches, race of people, Asia, I. 235;
III. 303.
Baluchistan, country, Asia, 111. 299.
Balue, Jean, French cardinal, III. 303.
Balusan, volcano, Philippines, XVIII.
749-
Baluze, Etiennc, French scholar. III.
304-
Balzac, Honore de. French novelist,
III. 304; IX. 679.
, Jean Louis Guez de, French writer,
III. 305; IX. 659.
Bam, town, Persia, XVIII. 627, 628.
Bamba, province of Congo, Africa, III.
.305.
, town, Niger, Africa, XVII. 5cx3.
Bambara, people, Sencgambia, XXI.-J
662.
Bambarra, country and town, Soudan,
Africa, III. 305; I. 271; XXII. 279.
Bamberg, town, Bavaria, in. 305;
sculptures ;n cathedral, XXI. 564; uni-
versity, XXIII. 846.
Bameorough, village, England, ill.
306.
Bamboo, plant, lil. 305; xi. 54; its use
in wicker-work, in. j.z^.
Bambouk, country, V\'o3t Africa, in.
306.
Bamian, ancient town, Afghanistan, in.
307; caves of, I. 244.
liAM-l-DuNlA, plateau. Central Asia,
XVIII. 102.
Bamlite, mineral, XVI. 408.
Hampton, John, English divine, founder
of Hampton Lectures, III. 307.
Bampur, town, Persia, XVIII. 627.
Banana, plant and fruit, 111.-307; XIX.
176; introduction of, into Polynesia,
XIX. 419.
, town, Loango, Africa, XIV. 743.
Banas, river, Rajputana, India, XX.
260; XXII. 98.
Banasa, town, Mauretania, Africa. XV.
637.
Banat, district, Hungary, in. 308; XVI.
295.
Banaz Ova, plateau. Asia Minor, xvni.
853.
Banbridge, town, Ireland, in. 308.
Banbury, to^vn, England, in. 308.
Banca, island, Indian Archipelago, in.
308; birds of, in. 763; tin, xvi. 469.
Bancroft, George, American historian,
I. 723.
, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 308.
Band, in architecture, 11. 460.
Banda, district, India, in. 309.
Islands, Indian Archipelago, III.
309; nutmegs of, XVII. 666.
Band Amir, river, Persia, xxi. '829.
Banda Niam-Niam, Central African
tribes, XVII. 473.
Banda Oriental (Uruguay), country,
South America, XXIV. 14 ; invasion
of, by Brazil, n. 491.
Bandar-Abbas (Bender Abbasi), town,
Persia, in. 557; XVIII. 620, 627.
Bandello, JIatteo, Italian novelist,
III. 310; xni. 510.
Bande Nere, Giovanni delle (Medici),
XV. 787.
Banderesi, mediaeval Roman officials,
XX. 802.
Bandicoot, marsupial mammal, Aus-
tralia, in. Ill; XV. 381.
, Great, rodent mammal, India, XII.
743; XVII. 5.
Bandinelli, Bartolommeo, Italian
sculptor. III. 310.
Bandini, Angelo Maria, Italian writer,
in. 310.
, Salustio Antonio, Italian economist,
XIX. 362; xxn. 43.
Band of Hope Societies (Temper-
ance), xxiii. 159.
Bandol, town, France, XXIV. 69.
Bandon, town, Ireland, in. 111; river,
VI. 403.
Bandra, to\ra, India, xxni. 221.
Bandung, town, Java, xin. 606.
Banff, town, Scotland, in. 311.
Banffshire, county, Scotland, in. 311;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727.
Bang, Steohensen, Norse writer, Xvil.
589.
Bangalore, town. India, in. 3.13;
XVII. 123.
Bangka (Banca, j.u.), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 308.
Bangkalang, town, Madura. Indian
Archipelago, XV. 193.
Bangkok, to-ivn, Siam, in. 313; XXI.
852.
Bangor, town, Ireland, ni. 314.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., in. 314.
, town, Wales, III, 314; University
College at, XXin. 856.
Bancorian Controversy, vi. 328;
xii. 29.
Bangweolo, Lake, Central Africa, I.
248; XXIV. 763; discovery of, by
Livingstone, xiv. 722.
BaniaLUKA, town, Turkey, in. 314.
Baniana (Baena), ancient town, Spain,
in. 229.
Banier, Abb(5, on mythology, XVII. 137.
Banim, John and Michael, Irish novelists,
ni. 314.-
Banjarmassin, district and town,
Borneo, in. 315; river, IV. 56.
Bank and Banking, in. 315.
Banka (Banca, }.«.), island, Indian
Archipelago, ill. 308.
Bank Clearing House, London, i. 91.
Banken Veld, district of Transvaal,
South Africa, XXIII. J 18.
Banking, in. 315; communistic views
of, VI. 214; in United States, XXIII.
766, 776.
Bankiva Jungle Fowl, xix. 644.
Bank of England, hi. 316, 329;'
founding of, xi. 386; xviii. 359; its
."relations with the Mint, XVI. 485.
Bank of France, origin of, xiv. 367.
Bankruptcy, in law, iii^ 341.
Banks, of Newfoundland, xvii. 382.
, Sir Joseph, president of the Royal
Society, III. 345; XXI. 39; his patron-
age of Robert Brown, IV. -iSd.
, Savings, XXI. 327.
Islands, Melanesia, Pacific Ocean,
XV. 835; XVII. 396.
of Issue, hi. 315.
Bankura, district and town, India, in.
346.
Banmo (Bhamo), town, Burmah, III.
627.
Bann, river, Irelana, III. 346.
Bannacks, American Indians, xn. 832.
Bannatyne, George, early Scottish
writer, XXI. 542.
Banner, of knight, xiv. 117; military,
IX. 276.
BANNERET,Knight,gradeof knighthood,
in. 346; XIV. 117, 119.
Bannockburn, town, Scotland, in.
347; xxn. 554; battle of (1314), vii.
683; vin. 313; XX. 594; xxi. 488.
BannovallUM (Horncastle), Roman
fort, Lincolnshire, England, xil. 170.
Banns, Marriage, XV. 566.
Bannu, district, India, XX. 109.
Banqueters, The, comedy of Aristo-
phanes,' II. 509.
Banquets, sacrificial, xxi. 134.
Banquette, in fortification, IX. 42J.
Banshee, of fairy mythology, v. 300.
Banswara, tributary state, India, III.
347; XX. 260.
Bantam, residency, Java, xin. 605;
town. III. 347.
Fowls, poultry, xix. 646.
Banting, WQliam, on corpulence, vi.
436.
Bantry, to^vn, Ireland, in. 347.
Bantu, groups of Negroes, xil. 312;
XVII. 319; XXII. 729; languages, Xin.
820; XVII. 318; xvin. 780; XXII. 729;
XXIV. 827.
Banu, district, India, III. 347:
Nadir, Jewish family in Medina,
XVI. 556.
Banville, Theodore de, French critic,
XIV. 206.
Banyak Islands, Sumatra, xxn. 639.
Banyan, tree, in. 348; iv. 94.
Banyans, race, Mozambique, xvn. 7.
Banyumas, to-vvn, Java, xin. 606.
Banyuwangi, town, Java, xni, 606.
Baobab, tree, i. 268; ix. 408; x5cl 662;
xxn. 278.
Baphomet, alleged symbol of Knights
Templars, in. 348.
u
Baptism, Clmatian cacrament, lii. 348;
XXI. 131, 139; Luther's views on, XV.
78; St Paul's doctrine, xvill. 428;
Quaker doctrine, XX. 150; registra-
tion of, XX. 343; sponsors at, xxii.
429.
B.\PTIST, John the, XIII. 709.
B.\PTISTERY, chapel for baptism, ■ III.
352; IX. 361; in the Catacombs, v.
211.
B.\PTISTS, religious denomination, IH.
353-
, Freemll, in America, IX. 762.
Baqueros, nomadic clan, Asturias, II.
S24,
B.\R, at mouth of a river, X. 277; XX.
575-
, town, Russian- Poland, III. 356;
confederation of (1768), 5cix. 297.
, The legal. Costumes of, VI. 476.
Bara, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
Baraba, steppe, Siberia, xxill. 429.
Bara Banki, district, India, III. 357.
Baraba Tartars, Ural-Altaig tribe,
XXIII. 70.
Bara-Budur, Temple of, Java, xiii.
609.
Barada, liver, Damascus, vi. 790.
Barad^US, Jacobus, Syrian monk,
founder of the Jaeobite sect, vi. 354;
XIII. 539; XXII. 832.
Baradla, stalactite grotto, Hungary, I.
420.
Barahat, towTi, India, lii. 357.
Barak, river, India, xv. 489.
Barakhatta, town, India, xx. 272.
Barakish, Mina^n town, Arabia, xxiv.
740.
Bar Ali, Syriac lexicographer, XXll.
847.
Baramahal, tract in Salem d'strict,
India, xxi. 210.
Baramgali, fort, Kashmir, xiv. 11.
BARAMIND.4NA, prince of Mandingo,
Africa, xv. 475.
Barangar, town, India, xxiii. 673.
Barai4te, Amable G. P., French states-
man and historian. III. 357.
Baranya, province, Hungary, iii. 357.
Baranzano, Jean Antoine, Italian
scientist, III. 358.
BaraSat, town, India, ill. 358; xxiii.
673-
Barat, Tibetan festive exhibition, xiv.
501.
Baratiere, John Philip, precocious
scholar, in. 358.
Baratynski, Jewgenij Abramovitch,
Russian poet, in. 358.
Barba, district. Central Africa, iv. 54.
Barbacena, town, Brazil, in. 358.
Barbados, island, West Indies, in. 358;
xxiv. 510,
Leg, or Elephantiasis, disease, Vlll.
126.
Bar Bahlul, Sj-riao lexicographer,
XXII. 849.
B A P — B A R
Barbarella, Giorgio (Gigrgione),
* Italian painter, x. 607.
Barbarian, origin of the name, in.
463
Laws, Teutonic codes, XXI. 212.
Barbaro, Venetian envoy to Persia,
XVIII. 633.
Barbarossa, Aruch and Khair ed-Din,
Turkish corsairs. III. 362; 1.565; XXI.
621, 643.
(Frederick I.), emperor, ix. 729; X.
489; xni. 374; his struggle with
Adrian IV., I. 165; his homage to
Alexander III.. I. 487; in Italy, XIII.
472; his patronage of Bologna uni-
versity, XXIII. 833.
Barbarv, country. North Africa, ni.
363; I. 265.
Barbastelle Bat, xv. 410.
Barb astro, tovra, Spain, in. 363.
BarbAuld, Anna Letitia, EngHsh
■writer, in. 363.
Barbel, fish, xn. 692; angling for, n.
42; Indian, XV. 283.
Barber, hi. 363.
Barberi, races of riderless horses, at
Rome, V. 124.
, Philip de, inquisitor, XIII. 93.
Barberini, Italian family, in. 363.
, Maffeo (Pope Urban VIII.), III.
363; XXIV. 9.
BARBERiNO,Franctecoda,Italian writer,
XIII. 501.
Barber of Seville, Rossini's opfira,
XX. 86 r.
Barberton, town, Transvaal, Africa,
XXIII. 518.
Bareet, bird, xx. loi.
Barbets (Camisards), Huguenot ssct,
IV. 743.
Barbette, in fortification, ix. 432.
War-ships, xvii. 286.
Barbev-rac, Jean, French jurist, III.
363-
Barbiere di Siviglia, Rossini's opera,
XX. 861.
Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco (Quer-
cino), Italian painter, in. 364.
, Paolo Antonio, Italian painter, in.
364-
Barbo, Pietro (Pope Paul II.), xvill.
430.
Barbosa du Bocage, Portuguese poet,
XIX. 557.
Barbour, John, Scottish poet, in. 364;
VIII. 395.
Barbuda, island. West Indies, in.
366.
Barca (El-Medinah), ancient town,
Cyrenaica, Korth Africa, II L 366.
, district. North Africa, in. 366;
XXIII. 574.
Barcelona, province, Spain, xxil. 298.
, town, Spain, in. 366; xxii. 298;
libraries of, XIV. 549; siege of (1705),
xvin. 701.
, County of, Spain, XXII. 311.
Barchester Towers, Anthony Trol-
lope'a novel, XXlli. 585.
Barclay, Alexander, English poet, III.
36S; xvni. 345.
, David, Scottish Quaker, XX. 152.
, John, author of Argenie, HI. 369.
, John, founder of a Scottish sect,
III. 369.
, John, Scottish anatomist. III. 369.
, J. G., his observatory at Leyton,
Essex, England, xvn. 711.
, Robert, Scottish QuakiT and ■ivriter.
in. 369; xvin. 496; XX. 148.
, William, Scottish jurist, in. 370;
XXI. 543.
DE Tolly, Michael, Russia*
general, in. 370; xvii. 217.
Bar-Cochebas, Jewish leader, HI. 370;
xiii. 428.
"ard, ancient Celtic poet. III. 370; v.
318. See Bards.
Bardanes, Byzantine general, XVIl.
481.
Philippicus, emperor of the East,
xiil. 798; xviii. 748.
Bardas, Caesar, regent of Constantinople,
xvin. 819.
Bar-Deisan (Bardesanes), Gnostic and
Syriac writer. III. 370; X. 703;'xxil.
827; XXIV. 38.
Barden Tower, Yorkshire, Engiand,'
XXIV. 749.
Bardesanes, Gnostic and Syriac writer,
IIL 370; X. 703; XXII. 827; his relar
tions to Valentinianism, xxiv. 38.
Bardia, island, Malay Peninsula, XV.
321.
Bardiglio, kind of Italian marble, XV.
528.
Bardili, Christoph Gottfried. Germaa
metaphysician, III. 371.
Bardo, to^^■n, Tunis, XXIII. 622. _
Bards, in. 370; early British, 11. 650;
early Irish, xni. 250; Welsh, v. 318;
vn. 791.
Bardsey, island, Wales, in. 371.
Bardulum (Barletta), ancient towii,
Italy, III. 376.
Eardwan, district and to\vn, India, IIL
371-
Bardylis, lUyrian chief, Xll. 709.
Bareges, town, France, 111. 372;
mineral water of, XVI. 435.
Bareilly, district and town, India, HL
372.
Bareli, or BareUly, district and town.
India, in. 372.
Barents, WiDiam, Dutch navigator,
X. 184; XIX. 317.
Land, island, Spitzbcrgen, xxil.
408.
Sea,- Arctic Ocean, xvil. 592,
604.
Barere de Vieuzac, Bertraiid,
French Revolutionist, in. 373.
Baretti, Giuseppe, Italian cr'tic, HI.
374; xni. 512.
B A R — B A R
45
Barettier (Baratiire), John Philip,
precocious scholar, III. 35S.
Barff, John, on wool, I. 398.
Barfleur, town, France, III. 374.
Barfurush, or Balfroosh, tow-n, Persia,
in. 280.
Bargagli, Scipione, Sienese writer,
XXII. 43.
Barge, boat, xxi. 30.
Board, in architecture, II. 475.
Barges, lighthouse, Sables d'Olonne,
France, xxi. 129.
Barguerlac, bird, xxi. 259.
Barguzin, river, Transbaikalia, Eussia,
xxiil. 510; town, xxiii. 511; moun-
tains, XXII. 3; xxill. 509.
Barh, town, India, XVIII. 409.
Barham, Richard Harris, English
humorist, iii. 374.
Bar-HebR;EUS (Abulfaragius), ■ Syriac
and Arabic wTiter, I. 60; xxil. 853;
xxiii. 5.
Bari, Mola di, town, Italy, XVl. 608.
, Terra di, provi-ice and town,
Italy, III. 374.
Bari Doab. tract, Punjab, India, xx.
107.
Bar-idta, Syriac wTiter, xxil. 838.
Barinas, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
Barisal, town, India, lu. 248.
Baris.\n Mountains, Sumatra, xxii.
638.
Barisanos, Italian metal-worker. XVI.
760.
Barito, river, Borneo, iv. 56.
Barium, chemical element, v. 525.
(Bari), ancient toivn, Italy, HI. 375.
Bark, of trees, iv. loi; used in tanning,
XIV. 381.
Barkava, Simeon, Syriac writer, XXII.
838.
Barker, Robert, inventor of panoramas,
xviii. 214.
, Thomas, English writer on angling,
xxiv. 342.
Barkhans, sand-dunes, Syr-Daria,
Asia, XXII. 820.
Barking, to^vn, England, in. 375.
Barkiyarok, Seljuk ruler, XXI. 635.
Barkometer, hydrometer for tan
liquors, xiv. 383.
Barlaam, monk, condemns Hesychasm
in Greek Church, XI. 782.
AND Josaphat, Sts, Story of. III.
375rxx. 636.
Bar-le-Duc, town, France, in. 356.
Barletta, town, Italy, in. 376.
Barley, cereal plant, in. 376; use of, in
brewing, IV. 266; culture of, I. 358;
experiments in manuring, xv. 507.
Sugar, confection, vi. 257.
Bar-Lines, in music, xvii. 82.
Barlings Oxnev, abbey, Lincolnshire,
England, xiv. 656.
Barlow, Sir George, governor-general
of India, xn. 805.
, Joel, American poet, in. 377.
Barlow, Peter, English mathematician,
■"■ 377; on magnetic induction, xv.
250.
Barm, yeast, xxiv. 734.
Barmak, founder of the Barmecides, in.
377-
Barmecides, Persian family, in. 377;
XVI. 5S1.
Barmen, town, Rhenish Prussia, in.
377; XX. 16.
Barmouth, town, Wales, xvi. 39.
Barnabas, St Paul's companion, in.
377; xviii. 417.
, Epistle of, early Christian work, II.
197; its relation to the Gospels, x.
815.
Barnabite Monks, xvi. 711.
Barnaby Rudge, Dickens's novel, vii.
176.
Barnacles, their distribution, vii. 279.
Barnard, Henry, American educa-
tionist, VII. 679.
Castle, town, England, in. 378.
Barnaul, iowa, Siberia, in. 378; xxn.
:i; XXIII. 439.
Barnave, Antoine Pierre. French
orator, in. 378.
Barnes, Albert, American expositor, 111.
379-
, Joshua, English scholar, in. 379.
, Thomas, English journalist, xvii.
418.
, William, Dorset poems of, vii. 372.
Baenet, town, England, in. 379.
Barneveldt, Jan van Olden, Dutch
statesman, III. 379; XII. 77.
BXrnfield, Richard, English pastoral
poet, xvin. 347.
Barnsley, town, England, in. 380;
xjciv. 748.
Barnstable, town. Massachusetts,
U.S.A., in. 380.
Barnstaple, town, England, in. 380.
Barnuevo, Pedro de P-^ralta y, Peru-
vian writer, xviii. 675.
Barnwell Castle, Northampton,
England, xvii. 557.
Barocchio, Giacomo da Vignola,
Italian architect, ni. 380.
Barocci, or Baroccio, Federigo, Italian
painter, in. 380.
Baroda, town, India, in. 380.
Barolo, Marchesa di, Italian prison
reformer, xviIi. 478.
Barolum (Barletta), ancient town,
Italy, in. 376.
Barometer, in. 381; invention of, by
Torricelli, XXIII. 453; applications of,
XIX. 241; Pascal's experiments with,
XVIII. 338.
Barometric Pressure, Oscillations
of. III. 30; XVI. 121.
Baron, title of nobility, in. 387; xviii.
462, 464.
Baronet, title of nobility, in. 388;
XIV. 120.
OF Nova Scotia, xvii. 603.
Baronius, Caesar, church historian, in.
389; v. 765; his Ecclesiastical Annals,
L 785; XIX. 505.
Barons' War, in England, vin. 311;
XI. 659.
Barony, Burghs of, in Scotland, iv. 63.
Barossa, town. South Australia, xxn.
284.
Barozzi, or Earocchio, Giacomo da
Vignola, Italian architect, in. 380.
Barquisimeto, town, Venezuela, in.
389; XXIV. 140.
Barr, town, Alsace, Germany, III. 390.
, town, India, Xvni. 409.
Barra, island, Hebrides, Scotland, in.
390; XI. 607.
Barrackpur, subdivision and town,
India, in. 390.
Barracks, for soldiers, in. 390; of the
British army, 11. 587; ventilation of,
xxiv. 160.
Barral, aeronaut, I. 195.
Barrancas, vallsys, Spain, xxn. 294.
Barrande, Joachim, his theory of fossil
colonies, X. 323.
Barras, Comte de, French Revolu-
tionist, III. 392.
Barrel-Making, vi. 338.
Barrel Organ, xvii. 106.
Barrere, Pierre, on birds, xviii. 5.
Barrett, Elizabeth (Mrs Browning),
English poetess, IV. 391.
, George, his annuity tables, n. 81.
Barrhead, town, Scotland, in. 392.
Barri, Girald de (Giraldus Cambrensis),
ecclesiastic and historian. III. 392.
Barrier Act, of the Scottish Church
(1639), XIX. 6S2.
Barrier Reefs, x. 257; vi. 378.
Barrington, First Viscount, theo-
logian, III. 393.
, Second Viscount, in. 393.
, Hon. Daines, naturalist. III. 393.
, Samuel, English admiral. III. 394.
, Shute, bishop of Durham, III. 394.
Barristers, English legal pleaders,
in. 394; XIII. 87.
Barrocoe, settlement. West Africa,
X. 755.
Barron's Lock, xiv. 744.
Barros, Jo5o de, Portuguese historian,
in. 395; XIX. 557.
Barrow, river, Ireland, Xin. 216; XX.
171.
, Isaac, Englisn mathematician tind
divine, in. 396; on differential
calculus, XIII. 7.
, Sir John, English writer and
administrator. III. 396; advocate of
northern exploration, XIX. 319; his
comparison of Chinese and Peruvians,
I. 698.
, Reuben, on Hindu algebra, I. 517.
Barrowe, Henry, English Independent,
XII. 724.
Barrow-in-Furness, town, England,
in. 395.
46
Barrows, sepulchral mounas. in. 397;
in ancient America, I. 692.
Barrow's Straits, Polar Sea, Jif. 399.
Barrule, North and South, mountains.
Isle of Man, XV. 450.
Barry, Sir Charles, English architect,
«l. 399.
, James, Irish painter. III. 399.
, Madame du, mistress of Louis XV.,
IX. 593.
Cornwall (B. W. Procter),
English poet, XIX. 792.
Bars, county, Hungary, III. 400.
, River, Forniation of, X. 277; XX.
575-
Bar SAROSHWAl,*Syriac Biblical critic,
XXII. 849.
Barsauma, Syriac writer, xxil. 839,
Barsi, town, India, XXI. 832.
Barsovite, mineral, XVI. 420.
Bar-sur-Aube, town, Fwnce, III. 356.
Bar-sur-Ornain, to\vn, France, in.
356.
Bar-sur-Seine, towTij France, III. 357.
Bart, or Earth, Jean, French admiral,
HI.' 401.
Bartan, town, Asiatic Tm-key, III. 401.
Bartang, river, Turkestan, XVIII. 103.
Bartas, GuUlaume de Salluste du,
French poet. III. 401.
Bartfeld, or Bartfa, town, Hungary,
in. 401.
Barth, Heinrich, African explorer, in.
401; I. 247.
, Jean, French admiral, in. 401.
Barthelemy, Auguste Marseille,
French writer, in. 401.
, Jean Jacques, French writer, III.
401.
Bart«ez, or Barthis, Paul Joseph,
French physician. III. 402.
Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty,
New York, xvii. 459.
Bartholin, Danish historian, xil. 626.
Bartholinus, Erasmus, on crystals,
VI. 672.
, Gaspard, Swedish writer, in. 403.
-, Thomas, Swedish physiologist. III.
403-
Bariholomew, St, apostle, in. 403.
, Revelations of, apocalyptic work,
II. 179.
, St, Massacre of, ix. 561; v. 412,
Bartizan, in architecture, 11. 460.
BartLett, A. D., on the structure of
birds, xvni. 25.
Bartolini, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor,
III. 403.
Bartolommeo di S. Marco (Eaccio
della Porta), Italian painter. III. 194;
his influence on Raphael, XX. 275.
Bartolozzi, Francesco. Italian en-
graver, III. 403.
Bartolus, Italian jurist, III. 403.
Barton, Andrew, Scottish sea captain,
XXI, 496.
B A R — B A S
Barton, Benjamin Smith, American
naturalist, in. 404; on birds, xvni. 9.
, Elizabeth (Maid of Kent), re-
ligious enthusiast, in. 404; i. 33.
, William, his version of the Psalms,
XII. 590.
Bartram, W., on American birds, xvni.
9-
Bartsch, Karl, on the Nibelungenlied,
XVII. 476.
Baruch", of Scripture, in. 404.
, Apocalypse of, n. 179; XVI. 315.
, Book of, in Apocrypha, in. 404;
II. 181.
Barung, Nusa, island, Java, XI 1 1. 600.
Barwon, river, Australia, XXIV. 216.
Barwood, red dye, vn. 576.
Baryt.\, or Barytes, oxide of barivmi,
III. 406; in glass manufacture, X. 664.
Mica, mineral, xvi. 413. t
White, pigment, xix. 86.
Baryte, mmeral, XVI. 400.
Baryto-Calcite, mineral, XVJ. 398.
Baryto-Celestine, mineral, XVI. 400.
Basalt, variety of rocks, x. 235.
Bascinet, headpiece, XI. 637.
Base, in architecture, II. 460.
, in chemistry, v. 477, 486.
Ball, game, in. 406.
Basedow, Johann Bernhard, German
edu&tionist, in. 407; vn. 676 .
Basel (Bile, or Basle), canton, Switzer-
land, III. 408; XXII. 778, 791.
, to%vn, Switzerland, XXII. 778, 789;
council of (1431-43), in. 409; XIX.
i|02; XX. 320; treaty of (1795), I. 471;
libraries, XIV. 548; university, xxill.
842, 851.
Confession (1531), xv. 83.
Base Line, Measurement of, in survey-
ing, x. 163; XXII. 696, 704.
Basement, in architecture, n. 460.
Ease of Supply, in war, xxiv. 350.
Eashan, country of Scripture, in Syria,
III. 410.
Bashforth, Prof., on the velocity of
projectiles, XI. 302.
Bashgalis, tribe, Afghanistan, XIII. 822.
Bashi-Bazouks, Turkish, irregular sol-
diery, II. 618.
Bashkir-Mescheryaks, people, Rus-
sia, XVI. 46.
Bashkirs, people, Russia, in. 411;
XXI. 79.
Bashmuric, Egyptian dialect, vi. 355;
■ XI. 799-
Easidiomycetes, order of Fungi, ix.
832; XXIV. 127.
Basil, the Great, early theologian, III.
412; his monastic rule, XVI. 700.
, bishops of AncjTa and Seleucia,
in. 412.
, or Basilius, I., emperor of the East.
in. 419; XI. 116.
II., emperor, XI. 116.
, prince of Russia, XXI. 91.
, culinary herb, xil. 289.
Basil Shuiski, Russian revolutionist,
XXI. 95.
Basileus, title of Greek archon, 11. 476.
Basilia (Basel), ancient town, Switzer-
land, in. 408.
B.\siLlCA,»Greek code of laws. III. 419;
Dorotheus's scholia on, VII. 369.
, Basilicas, in architecture, in. 412;
II. 421; of Italy, IL 434;-Koman, XX.
816, 823.
Basilicata, province, Italy, III. 420.
Basilicon Doron, book by James VI.
of Scotland, XIII. 558; XXI. 509.
Basilicus, Jacob, Moldavian pretender,
XXI. 19.
Basilides, Gnostic teacher, in. 420; x.
703; his connexion with Neoplaton-
ism, XVII. 335.
Basilisk, fabulous animal, in. 421; v
98.
Basilius (Basil I.), emperor of the liast,
XI. 116; his code of law, in. 419.
Basingstoke, to^vn, England, in. 421.,
Baskerville, John, English printer,
in. 421.
Basket, in. 421.
Basking-Shark, XXI. 777; xn. 646.
Basle (Basel, q.v.), canton and town,
Switzerland, III. 408.
oASManoff, Russmn general, XXI. 94.
BasnaGE, Jacques, Protestant pastor,
III. 423.
B asodi^e, mountain, Switzerland, XXia.
351-
BasommatopHora, suborder of Mol-
lusca, XVJ. 660.
EAsauE Provinces, Spain, in. 423;
XXII. 298.
Basques, European race, Xil. 605; their
language. 111. 424; XVIII. 780; diction-
aries of the language, VII. 188; their
prehistoric origin, v. 269; X. in.
Basra, province, Asiatic Turkey, XVI.
51 : xxin. 653; (Bussorah), town, iv.
i771 VI 11. 671; province and town
under the caliphs, xvi. 562, 590;
Moslem theological school of, XVI.
592.
Bas Reliefs, in sculpture, ix, 205;
Greek, n. 352.
Bass, George, Australasian explorer. III.
104.
& Co.'s Breweries, Burton,
England, IV. 265, 572.
Bass.€, ruins, Greece, XVIII. 735.
Bassahir, state, India, IIL 424.
Bassam, Grand, river . and settlement.
West Africa, x. 755.
Bassano, town, Italy, in. 424.
, Giacomo da Ponte, Italian painter,
in. 424.
Bassantie, James, Scottish astronomer,
XXI. 543.
Bassein, district, India, III. 425; town,
III. 425; XXIII. 221.
Basselin, Olivier, French poet. Hi.
425.
B A S — B A T
47
Basses-Alpes, department, Prance. I.
599-
Basses-Pyr6n]£es, department, France,
XX. 126.
Basset, or Outcrop, in geology, x. 298.
Basse Terre, district and town, Guade-
loupe, Weat Indies, XI. 230.
Basseterre, town, St Christopher,
West Indies, XXI. 159.
Basset Horn, musical instrument,
XVII. 708.
Basseville, Hugo, French Republican
agent in Eome, Xix. 155.
Bassi, Laura Maria Caterina, learned
Italian lady. III. 425.
Bassianus, Joannes, Italian jurist, III.
425.
, Varius Avitus (Heliogabalus),
emperor of Rome, XI. 632.
BaSSIGNY, district, France, XV. 561.
Basso da Camera, musical instrument,
XXIV. 245.
Bassoow, musical instrument. III. 425;
xvii. 707.
Bassora (Bussorah), town, Asiatic
Turkey, IV. 577; VIII. 671; XVI. 562,
590; gum of, XI. 276.
Bass Rock, islet. Firth of Forth, Scotr
land. III. 424.
Bass's Straits, Australia, in. 424.
Bassus, Cffisius, Roman poet, xvill.
662.
Bass Wood, tree. United States, xxiii.
808.
Bast, hark ol lime tree, xiv. 648.
(Bubastis), Egyutian divinity, IV.
408; VII. 718.
Bastar, feudatory state, India, III. 425.
Bastard, hi. 426.
of Orleans (Dunois), French
general, VII. 544.
Bastei, mountain, Saxony, XXI. 357.
Basti, district and town, India, III.
428.
Bastia, town, Corsica, III. 428.
Bastianini, Italian sculptor, XXI. 570.
Bastiat, FrMeric, French political
economist. III. 428; xix. 385.
Bastie, Sieur Antoine d'Arces de la,
French envoy in Scotland, XXI. 497.
BastiCle, fortress, Paris, III. 429; XXIII.
289; its fall, IX. 598; the Man of the
Iron Mask in, XIII. 360.
Bastion, in fortification, IX. 434, 440.
Bastite, mineral, xvi. 415.
Bastnaesite, mineral, xvi. 383.
Bastwick, John, English physician apd
anti-Catholic, in. 430.
Basurhat, to-wn, India, xxill. 673.
Basutos, South-African tribe, V. 47;
XXIII. 518; languages of, XXIV. 82S.
Bat, chiropterous mammal. III. 431;
XV. 405- hibernation of, XI. 788; sense
of touch in, XXIII. 479; in Sumatra,
XXII. 640.
, Fox, IX. 352; XXII. 64a
, Vampire, xxiv. 52.
Batagur, genus of chelonian reptiles,
XXIII. 457.
Batak Language, hi. 442.
Batala, town, India, XI. 331.
Batalden, island, Norway, XVII. 576.
BataN/F.a, ancient province, Syria, III.
410.
Batanes, islands, Philippines, xviii.
751-
Batang, island, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 321.
, town, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
Lupar, river, Borneo, XXI. 306.
B ATA VI, Germanic tribe,- XII. 69.
Batavia, town, Tava, in. 431; xill.
606; library at, XIV. 534, 549.
Batavian Republic, Netherlands
(1795). xn. 82.
Batchian, island, Indian Archipelago,
XIII. 692.
Batching, in jute manufacture, xiii.
802.
BATEGNIUS(AI-Battani), Arabian mathe-
matician, I. 449; XVI. 596; xxin. 561.
Bateman, John, colonizer of Victoria,
Australia, XX IV. 218.
, J. F., on Loch Katrine aqueduct,
II. 226.
Bates, William, English Nonconformist
divine, III. 432.
Bath, town, England, iii. 432; xxil.
258; mineral waters of, XVI. 433;
Nash's connexion with, XVII. 235.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., III. 434.
, Syriao measure, XXIV., 485.
-; , Earl of, English politician, XX.
103.
, Order of the, XIV. 124.
AND Wells, bishopric of, England,
XXIV. 499.
Bathgate, town, Scotland, III. 434.
Bathing, hi. 437.
Bathometer, measure of sea-depths,
XXII. 38.
Bathori, Christopher, prince of Tran-
sylvania, XXII. 230.
, Sigmiind, prince of Transylvania,
XXI. 17.
, Stephen, governor of Transylvania
and king of Poland, Xll. 369; XIX.
293; XXI. 92.
Baths, ih. 431; ancient Roman, at
Pompeii, XIX. 448; hydropathic, XII.
544; swimminj, XXn. 771.
Bathurst, town, Gambia, West Africa,
I. 269; X. 59.
, town, New Brunswick, XVII. 375.
, town, New South Wales, HI. 441.
, village, Sierra Leone, XXII. 45.
, Earl of, English statesman, III.
441.
, Ralph, English poet, physician, and
divine, in. 442.
Bathvcles, Greek sculptor, ill. 442.
Bathvlagus, genus of fishes, XXI. 222,
224.
BatineH, district, Arabia, 11. 255.
Batiscan, river, Canada, xx. 165.
Batiushkopf, Constantine, Russian
poet, XXI. 107.
Batley, town, England, XXIV. 748.
Batman Su, affluent of Tigris, xxilL
387.
Batna, town, Algeria, xiv. 238.
Batoidei, group of fishes, xn. 686; XX.
299.
Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo, Italian
painter. III. 442.
Baton-Rouge, town, Louisiana, U.S.A,
HI. 442; XV. 21.
Batory, Stephen, king of Poland and
ruler of Transylvania, Xll. 369; xix.
293; XXI. 92.
Batoum, seaport, Transcaucasia, Russia,
III. 446; XXIII. 514; ceded to Russia
(1878), XXIII. 653.
Batrachians, group of animals. I. 750;
XX. 432.
Batrachus, QteeW architect. III. 442.
Batsha, Tong-King, peculiarity of tides
at, XIV. 606.
B atta, Negro tribe, Sokoto, Africa, XXII.
248.
Battafuoco, Matteo. Corsican politi-
cian, XVII. 193
Battaks (Battas, q.v.), race of people,
Sumatra, III. 442; XXII. 640.
Battalion, body of infantry, iii.
442.
Battas, or Battaks^ race of people,
Sumatra, HI. 442; XXII. 640; their
cannibalism, IV. 808.
Batter, in architecture, 11. 46Q.
Battering Ram, milita-.y engine, ill.
443-
Battersea, district, London, xiv. 822.
Battery, of artillery, HI. 443; 11. 662;
coast batteries, I.X. 451
, electric, VIII. 13, 90; galvanip,
VIII. 92
, in law, n. 724.
.\tteux, Charles, French writer on art,
HI. 443; 1. 220.
Batthyani, Count Louis, Hungarian
leader, XII. 371.
Battiad^iE, dynasty of Libyan kings. 111.
446.
Batticaloa, town, Ceylon, in. 443.
Battiks, Javanese cloth, Xlll. 604.
Battle, engagement between armies,
HI. 443; XXIV. 361.
, town, England, HI. 445.
, Ordeal of, Xvil. 820.
Axe, weapon of war, II. 555.
— ^ Harbour, fishing station, Labra-
dor, XIV. 175.
Battlement, in architecture, 11. 460.
Battle of the Books, Swift's work,
XXII. 762; Wotton's share in the con-
troversy, XXIV. 685.
Battle of the Standard (1138),
Xvn. 555.
Battle of the Standard, Leonardo
da Vinci's picture, xiv. 459.
48
B A T — B E A
Batilesbury, ancient ramp, Wilts,
England, XXIV. 370.
Battus, kings of Gyrene, Africa, III.
445, 446: xxni. 280.
Batu, Mongol chief, xvi. 741, 746;
XXI. 46, 90.
Islands, Sumatra, iii. 446; xxir
639-
Batum, or Batoum, seaport, Traus-
caucasia, Ra-isia, ill. 446; XXlll. 514;
ceded to Russia ('878). XXIII. 653.
Baudekin. varietv of cold clotli, x.xill.
210.
Baudelaire, Charles, Fiench poet, iii.
446; IX. 67;
Daudouin, F. J., French journalist,
xvii. 425.
DE Sebourc, French chanson, IX.
643-
Baudrillart, Henri, French econo-
mist, XIX. 395.
Bauer, Mayer Anselm, founder of the
Rothschild family, XXI. 3.
Bauhin, Gaspard, French botanist. III.
446.
, Jean, French botanist, III. 447.
Baume, Antoinc, French chemist. III.
447-
Baume Focot, gum, xix. 512.
Baumgarten, Ale.xandcr Gottlieb, Ger-
man philosopher, III. 447; his limi-
tation of ;psthctics, I. 2I2' nn the
Iwantifid, I. 217.
Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig F. 0.,
German theologian. III. 447.
BaUR, Ferdinand Christian, German
theologian, III. 447; on church history,
V. 766; on origin of Synoptic Gospels,
X. 841; on New Testament canon. III.
643-
Bautain, Louis E. M., French philo-
sopher and theologian. III. 450.
Bautista DE Toledo, Juan, Spanish
architect, vin. 540.
Bautzen, to-n-n, Germany, III. 450; XXI.
357; battle of (1813), xyil. 219.
BAU.xiTE,orBeau.'cite, mineral, XIII. 295;
XVI. a88.
Bavaria, hi. 450; conquest of, by
Charlemagne, X. 479; Count Rimi-
ford's administration in, XXIII. 310;
its army, II. 600; libraries, XIV. 526,
547; newspapers, XVI I. 429; prison
system, XIX. 760.
Bavarian Alps, i. 628.
Bavari.\ns, Law code of the, ancient,
XXI. 215.
Bavean, or Bawean, island, Java, xili.
600.
Baxar, or Buxar, town, India, in. 454;
XXI. 735.
Baxter, Andrew, Scottish metaphy-
sician, III. 454.
, Richard, English divine, III. 455;
hymns by, XII. 592; on Presby-
t*>rianism, XIX. 689.
Bavad, fish, XXII. 68.
BayAM. Alfonso Lopes de, fortujueso
poet, XIX. 555.
BaVAN, Mongol general, XIV. 151.
Bayard, the st«ed, Romance of, XX.
653-
, Chevalier de, French knight. III.
457-
Bayazid, town, Armenia, III. 458.
Bavcerrv Oil, xvii. 744, 747.
i3AYER, John, his notation of stars, 11.
754-
Bayerberg, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
Bayern (Bavaiia, q.v.), III. 450.
Baveux, town. France, III. 458; xvii.
539-
— — Tapestry, viii. 162.
Bayezid, or Bajazet, I., Turkish sultan,
III. 247; XXIII. 641.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 642.
Bayham, Viscount, lord chancellor of
England, IV. 735.
Abpey, Sussex, England, °I. 20.
Bay-Laurel, tree, xiv. 348.
Bayle, Gaspard L., French physician,
XV. 816.
, Pierre, lexicographer. III. 458;
XVIII. 539; his Dictionnaire Historiquc
ct Critique, VIII. 194; his influence on
French literature, IX. 661; his scepti-
cism, XXI. 383.
B.U'LEN, Duke of, Spanish geneial, v.
186.
Bavnard's Castle, old London, xiv,
S43.
Bayonet, weauon, 11. 558; xi. 284;
XXII. 802.
Bayonne, town. Fiance, iii. 459.
Bayous, river -offshoots, xv. 20; xvi.
520.
Bay Psalm Book, xv. 614.
Bayreuth (Baireuth, q.o.), to«ii, Ba-
varia, III. 246.
Bay Salt, x.xi. 22S.
Bay-Window, in architecture, 11. 460.
Baywood, Honduras mahogany, x\'.
288.
B\ZA, town, Spain, III. 459.
B.^zaine, Fran9oi3 Achille, French
marshal, IX. 627; his capitulation at
Metz (1870), XVI. 204.
Bazarad, Alexander, voivodc of Wa-
lachia, XXI. 16.
Bazard, Armand, French socialist, in.
459; VIII. 212; XXI. 198.
BazarDJUSI, mountain, Caucasus, v.
254-
Bazaruto Archipelago, East Africa,
XVII. 7.
BazigarS, tribe, India, III. 459.
Bazin's Hydraulic Formul.?:, xii.
497
Bazoche, Clerks of the, actors of
moralities, vil. 414; ix. 645.
Baztan, town, Spain, xvii. 249
Bazzi, Giannantonio (II Sodoma), Italian
painter, xxii. 245; xxi. 434.
BdelL!D.«, family of- Arachnida, II.
276; XVI. 528.
Bdellium, gum-resin, iii. 460; xvil.
121; used as incense, XH. 718.
Bdelloida, order of Rotifera, XXI. 8
Beaches, Raised, x. 256.
Beachy Head, promontory, England,
III., 460; xxiL 723.
Beacon, at sea, xiv. 625.
Controversy, among Qualiers,
XX. 149.
Beaconsfield, to^\Tl," England, 111.
460.
, Eari of (B. Disraeli), Briti.sli states-
man, viii. 367.
Beacons of Brecknock, hilLs, Wales,
IV. 243.
Bead, oniament, 111. 460; of glass, x.
652.
Beagle, dog, vii. 329; xii. 316.
Channel, Tierra del Fiiego, xxiii.
384-
Beam, in carpentry, l\'. 477; in bridges,
IV. 289.
Bean, leguminous plant, ill. 460; cul-
ture of, I. 360; XII. 279, 283; as foi'ago
crop, I. 377; straw as fodder, I. 361.
Bear, carnivorous mammal, III. 461;
XV. 441; hibernation of, XI. 788;
arctic, colour of, XVI. 343; of India,
XII. 741; skins of, IX. 837.
Account, Stock Exchange term,
1.92.
Baiting, hi. 461.
Beard, hi. 462.
Bear Island, Spitzbergen, xxil. 408
Bear Lake, Great, Canada, III. 462.
Bear Lodge, natural pillar. Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., XXIII. 797.
Bear-Mouse, or JIarmot, xv. 559.
Be.\RN, province, France, III. 465.
Bear's-Foot, plant, xi. 635.
Beas, river, India, XXI. 146.
Beast, of the Apocalypse, II. 125; XX.
499-
Beast-Forms, Myths of, xv. 90; xvii.
135; XXIII. 467.
Beatia (Baeza), ancient town, Spain, III.
229.
Beatification, v. 23.
Beatine, nitrogenous carbon compound,
XVII. 520.
Beaton, David, Scottish caitJiiial, Hi.
465; -XXI. 498.
Beatrice, town, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
XVII. 309.
, Dante's, vi. 811.
Beats, in music, i. 117; xvii. 105
Beattie, James, Scottish poet and
essayist, HI. 466; his place in Enrfisli
literature, vill. 429.
Beaucaire, town, France, HI. 467.
Beauce, district, France, Xiv. 809.
Beauchamp, Alphonse de, French his-
torian, III. 467.
Beaufort, town. South Carolina,'
U.S.A., XXII. 288.
B E A — B E E
49
Beaufort, Pierre Roger de (Pope Gre-
gory XI.^, Xl. 178.
Family, earls and dukes of Somer-
set, VIII. 327.
Eeauharnais, Eugene de, stepson of
Napoleon I., III. 467.
, Eugenie Hortense de, Louis
Napoleon's mother, xil. 209; xvii.
226.
, Josephine de, wife of Napoleon I.,
XIII. 751; XVII. 196; divorce of, xvii.
215.
Beauharnaisius, genus of birds,
xxiii. 477.
Beaujeu, Anne of, regent_ of France,
V. 411; IX. 553.
Beaulieu, Augustin, French admiral,
I. 566.
, Jacques, French surgeon, XXll.
676.
BeAUMANOIR, Philippe de, French
jurist, III. 467.
Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron,
French dramatist, III. 467; vii. 426;
IX. 666.
Beaumaris, to^v•n, Wales, in. 468.
Shark, xix. 518.
Beaumond Cross, Newark, England,
XVII. 370.
Beaumont, Francis, English dramatist,
III. 469; VII. 432.
Beaumontite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Beaune, to\™, France, III. 474; Hos-
pice de, XXIV. 606.
BeaUSOBRE, Isaac de, French Protestant
writer. III. 475.
Beautiful, Theory of the, I. 212; xviil.
795; Burke's work on, IV. 540; Jouf-
froy on, XIII. 754.
Beauty, its nature, IX. 194; Hutcheson
on, XII. 411; Plato on, XIX. 201.
AND the Be.ast, folk-tale, xv. 91.
Beauvais, town, France, in. 475; xvii.
749-
, Vincent of, encyclopaedist, viii.
192; XXIV. 235.
Beauxite, or Bauxite, mineral, xili.
295; XVI. 388.
Beaver, rodent mammal, lii. 475; xv.
418; skins of, IX. 838.
, perfume, XVIII. 526.
Beaver-Wood, tree, XL 360.
Bebajias, Gipsy tribe, India, III. 248.
Bebba, British princess, XVII. 569.
'Bi.si (Nicholas Ferry), French dwarf,
VII. 567.
Bebeerine (Bibirine), vegetable alka-
loid, III. 633.
Bec, Monastery of, Normandy, 11. 91.
Beccafico, bird, xvin. 53.
Beccafumi, Domenico, Italian painter,
III. 476; xxii. 44.
Beccari, Agostino, Italian pastoral
dramatist, vii. 418; xviii. 345.
Beccatiia, Marquis, Italian jurist and
economist, in. 477; xjx. 362.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian astrono-
mer, in. 477; his experiments in elec-
tricity, viii. 7.
Beccles, town, England, in. 477; xxii.
622.
Becerra, Caspar, Spanish painter and
sculptor, III. 477.
Beche-de-Mer, or Trepang, edible
echinoderm, in. 477. See also vn.
640.
Becker, Johann Joachim, German
chemist, III. 477; v. 460.
Bechstein, Johann M., on birds, xvni.
9. 17-
Bechtermunze, Henry and Nicholas,
German printers, xxni. 685.
Bechuana Lands, Africa, Languages
of, XXIV. 828.
Bechwana, or Bechuanas, Negro tribes,
ni. 478; XVII. 319; their toteniism,
XXIII. 46S; of Transvaal, xxiii. 518.
Beck, David, Dutch painter, in. 479.
Becker, Wilhelm Adolf, German arch-
aeologist, III. 479.
Becket, Thomas, or Thomas A, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, I. 31; V. 29;
VIII. 304, 372; his contests with Henry
II., XL 657; his bones burnt, VI. 606.
Beckett's Lock, xiv. 749.
BeckforD, Waiiam, English wTiter, in.
479-
Becklev's Self-Registering Ane-
mometer, II. 25.
Beckmann, Johann, German writer, ni.
479; '• 644.
Beckwith, Agnes, English swimmer,
XXII. 771.
, Colonel,'Waldensian philanthropist,
XXIV. 325.
Becuiba Tallow, vegetable fat, xvil.
744-
Bed, in furniture, IX. 849.
Beda (Bede, q.v.), early English his-
torian, in. 4S0.
Bedarrieux, town, France, III. 479.
Bed-Chamber, Ladies of the royal,
XXI. 37.
Beddoes, Thomas, English physician,
in. 479.
, Thomas Lovell, English dramatist,
III. 480.
Bede, early English historian. III. 4S0;
vin. 280; XIII. 593; XVII. 569, 570;
liis accoimt of Cadmon, IV. 630; on
monachism, xvi. 707 ; his place in
English literature, vill. 4(35.
Bedell, William, bishop of KUmore,
III. 482.
Bed-Fe.\thers, IX. 59.
Bedford, town, England, in. 482.
, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., mineral
water of, XVI. 436.
, Duke of, English regent in France,
VIII. 321; IX. 549.
Hours, illuminated MS., xii. 708.
Level, district, England, in.
482; draining of, I. 404; IV. 727.
Bedfordshire, couuty, England, in.
483; population and representation,
XXIII. 727.
Bedja, town, Tunis, xxiii. 620.
Bedlams, for detention of lunatics, XIII.
no.
Bedlis, town, Armenia, IIL 617.
Bedloe's Island, New York, U.S.A.,
XVII. 459.
Bedm.\r, Marquis of, Spanish ambas-
sador to Venice, xxiv. 147.
Bednor, town, India, III. 483.
Bedouins, nomad Arabs, 11. 246;!. 564;
xxi. 651; in Syria, XXII. 823
Bedr, Battle of, near Medina (623), xvi.
555-
Bedstead, in furniture, IX. 849.
Bee, insect. III. 484, 493; XII. 576;
XIII. 148; honey of, XII. 136, 138;
wax, XXIV. 459.
, Humble, XII. 342.
Beech, tree, in. 503; culture of, n.
317; in U.S.A., xxiil. 808; strength
of the wood, xxil. 605.
Beecher, Lyman, Ameiican temper-
ance reformer, x.xill. 158.
Beechev, Frederick William, Arctic
explorer, in. 503; X. 193; XIX. 319.
, Sir William, English painter, ill.
503.
Beech-Nut Oil, xvil 744.
Beeckman, Isaac, his friendship with
Descartes, vn. 116.
Beef-Measle, xxni. 52; xxiv. 206.
Bee-Hives, hi. 499.
Beek, David, Dutch painter. III. 479.
Bee-Keeping, in. 501; xii. 138.
Beelthan, Geoige of, Syriac writer,
XXII. S42.
Beelzebub, in. 1:03; vii. 136; xviii.
756.
Bee-Martin, bird, xiv. 81.
Bee-Pastur.4ge, mi. 498.
Beer, beverage, iv. 264; XV. 338;
adulteration of, I. 172; Burton, IV.
572; consumption of, in Munich, xvii.
26; tax on, in England, xv. 339.
, Dob, Jewish sectarian leader, XIII.
681.
, Herz, father of Meyerbeer, XVL,
222.
Beerberg, Grosser, mountain, Grer-]
many, xxin. 332.
Beerbhoom (Birbhum), district and
town, India, III. 697.
Beersheba, town, Palestine, llf. 504;
xviii. 172.
Beeston, town, England, xvii. 598.
Beeswax, in. 486; xxiv. 459; bleach-
ing of, in. 825.
Beet, vegetable, in. 504; xil. 279; cul-
ture of, 1. 381; rum from, XXL 58;
sugar from, I. 3S1; XXII. 625, 626.
Beethoven, Ludwig van, musician,
III. 504; as symphonist, XVlt. 97.
Beetle, insect. III. 507; VI. 126; XIU.
148; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
Mite, xvi. 52S.
XXV. — 7
50
B E E — B E L
Beetling, in bleaching, in. 8i8.
Beets, Nicolaes, Dutch writer, XII. 98.
Beoarelli, Antonio, of Modena, Italian
sculptor, XXI. 560.
Begas, Karl, German painter, III. 507.
Begbazaar, town, Asiatio Turkey, III.
507.
Beggars, English laws against, X!X.
462.
Beggar's Opera, Gay's, vii. 437; x. 120.
Beghards, communistic mystics, ill.
507; I. 140; XVI. 711; XVII. 132;
Eckhart's connexion with tliem, VII.
642.
Begonia, stove plant, xii. 265.
Beguines, communistic mystics, ill.
507; XVI. 709; xvil. 132.
Behaim, Martin, cartographer and navi-
gator, HI. 509; X. 680.
Behar, province, India, III. 508, 567;
town. III. 509; XVIII. 409.
Behbehan, town, Persia, in. 509.
Behem, or Behaim, Martin, cartographer
and navigator, in. 509; x. 680.
Behistun, Persia, rock inscriptions at,
III. 509; XVIII. 567.
Behmen, Jakoh (Boehme, q.v.), German
mystic, iii. 852.
Behn, Aphra, English dramatist, III.
509; VIII. 424.
Behrino, Vitus, Danish Arctic explorer,
III. 510; XIX. 318.
Behring's Island, North Pacific, in.
509.
Behring's Strait, in. 509; xviii.
116; whale fishery in, XXIV. 528.
Behrisch, E. W., friend of Goethe, X.
722.
Beibazaar (Begbazaar), town, Asiatic
Turkey, ni. 507.
Beighton, Henry, his steam-engine
improvement, XXII. 474.
Being, Science of, xvi. 79.
AND Not Being, in Heatic philo-
sophy, xvin. 315.
Beir.4, province, Portugal, in. 510;
XIX. 537.
Beikout, or Beyrout, town, Syria, ill.
622; commerce of, xxiii. 655.
Beit-el-Fakih, to\vn, Arabia, III. 510.
Beja, to^vn, Portugal, III. 510.
Bejapore (Bijapur), state and town,
India, in. 669.
Bejar^ to^vn, Spain, in. 510; xxi. 203.
BijARD, Armande, wife of Moliere, xvi.
625.
Beka, district, Asiatio Turkey, XXIII.
654.
Beke, CHiarles T., English traveller. III.
510.
Bekes, town, Hungary, IIL 511.
Bekker, Balthazar, Dutch theologian,
UI, 511; XII. 95.
, or Wolff, Elizabeth, Dutch
novelist, in. 511.
, Immanuel, German philologist,
IIL 511.
Bekr, tribe of Arabs, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 48.
Bel, Assyrian deity. III. 175.
, Matthias, Hungarian historian,
IIL 511.
Bela, town, Baluchistan, in. 511.
Belabanza, town, Hungary, XXI. 393.
Beladkori, Arab historian, XXlII. 3.
Bel.\nda Niam-Niam, Central African
tribes, xvil. 473.
Bel and the Dragon, History of, in
Apocrypha, n. 181.
Belaspoor (Bilaspur), town, India,
XIII. 823.
Bel:;2IS, town. Upper Egypt, in. 511.
Belchen, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
Belcher, Sir Edward, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 321.
Belebei, town, Russia, xxiii. 717.
Belemnite, fossil mollusc, xvi. 676.
Belesme, Robert of, Norman noble, XL
656.
Belfast, to%vn, Ireland, in. 511; xin.
237; library, Xiv. 524; newspapers,
XVIL 423; Queen's College at, XXIII.
855.
Lough, Ireland, in. 512.
Belfort, town. Fiance', ill. 513; Xin.
781.
Belfry, in architecture, 11. 461.
BelGjE, or Belgians, Gallic tribe, IX.
527; X. III.
Beldam, or Belgauin, district, India,
m. 513.
Belgium, hi. 514; united to and separ-
ated from Holland, XII. 83; its relations
to the papacy, VI. 242; academy of,
L 76; its army, II. 615; birds, XVIII.
17; coalfields, VI. 55; coins, XVIL
656; small farms, I. 412; forests, IX.
400; foundling hospitals, ix. 483;
irrigation works, XIII. 370; libraries,
XIV. 531, 549; mines, XVL 468;
national debt, XVIL 246; newspapers,
XVIL 430; observatories, XVII. 715;
oyster culture, XVIII. 108; periodical
literature, XVin. 542; police system,
XIX. 343; prison system, XIX. 758;
railways, XX. 250; Walloons, x:;iv.
332-
Belgrade, town, Servia, in. 531; xxi.
688; battle of (1717), vin. 661: treaty
of (1739), xxni. 647.
Belhaven, Lord, on farming in East
Lothian,. Scotland, I. 301.
Belief, in. 532; psychology of, XX.
83; in relation to theology, XXIII.
264; Jacobi's theory of, xni. 537.
Belinski, Russian critic, xxi. 108,
BelisariUS, Byzantine general, JII.
535; XIII. 797J XVII. '233; XVIII. 612;
!xx, 782; African campaign of, xxiv.
59; Procopius's relations with, XIX.
789.
Belius, Matthias, Hungarian historian,
in. ^11.
Belize, town, British Honduras, HI.
536; XIL 132.
Belknap, Jeremy, American writer,
III. 536.
Bell, and bell manufacture, ill. 536;
IV. 366; of Moscow (Tsar-Kolokol),
XVI. 867 ; of Nara, Jspan, XVll.
229.
, Alexander Graham, on telephony,
xxiii. 127, 128, 130.
, Alexander 'MelviUe,- his system
of shorthand, XXI. 840; on visible
speech, L 608; vii. 9; xxii. 385.
, Andrew, English educationist. III.
539; vn. 678; educational system of,
XIV. 258.
— —, Andrew, pri&ter of first e<Stion of
Encyclopaadia Britannica, Vlll. 200.
, Sir Charles, English anatomist,
III. 540; XV. 817; his Anatomy of
Expression, I. 817; on physiognomy,
XIX. 5.
, Currer, Ellis, and Acton (the
sisters Bronte), IV. 365.
, George Joseph, Scottish jurist, III.
542.
, Henry, Scottish mechanician. III.
542.
, Henry Qlassford. Scottish writer,
III. 542.
, John, American politician, XXIII.
772, 788.
, John, Scottish anatomist and sur-
geon, HI. 543.
, John, Scottish traveller. III. 542.
, Patrick, inventor of reaping ma-
chine, I. 322.
, Robert, editor of British poets. III.
543-
Bella, suburb, Nicastro, Italy, XVll.
480.
, Stefano de la, Italian engraver, III.
543-
Belladonna, plant, in. 543; xvii.
231; as poison, XIX. 279.
Oil, xvil 744.
Bellai, Guillaume du, French general
and writer, in. 543.
Bellamar, Caves of, Cuba, XV. 624.
Bellamy, Jacobus, Dutch poet, in. 543;
XI 1. 96.
Bellarmine, Robert F, R., cardinai,
III. 544; his relations with Galileo, x.
32.
Bellary (Ballari), district and town,
India, in. 286.
Bellay, or BeUai, Guillaume du,
French general and writer, in. 543.
, Joachim du, French poet. 111. 544;
XX. 841.
Bell-Bird, of New Zealand, xii. 139
, of Venezuela, XXIV. 139.
Bell-Cot, in architecture, II. 461.
Belleau, R^my, French pastoral poet,
111. 545; yviii. 345; XX. 841.
Belle-Isle, Duke of, French marshal,
IX. 586.
Belle-Isle, Marquis of fNlcolas Fou-
quet,'}.ji.), French statesman, IX. 487.
Belle-Isle-EN-Mer, island, west of
France, IIL 545.
BellendEn, John, Scottish poet, in.
545; XXI. 541; his translation of
Boece's history, III. 850.
, William, French classical scholar,
in. 545.
Bellenz (Bellinzona, q.v.), tovm, Switz-
erland, in. 548.
Bellerophon, in Greek legend, ill.
546; XVIII. 468.
Belles- Lettres, Academies of, i. 73.
Belleville, town, Ontario, Canada,
XVII. 775.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., in. 546.
Belley, town, France, in. 546.
Belligerents, in international law,
XIII. 194.
Bellinger, river. New South 'Wales,
XVII. 408.
Bellingham, Sir Edward, viceroy of
Ireland, XIII. 263.
, John, assassin of Spencer Perceval,
xviii. 521.
Bellini, Gentile, Italian painter, in.
547; XXI. 436; tutor of Titian, xxill.
414.
, Giovanni, Italian painter, in. 547;
XXI. 436; tutor of Titian, xxin. 414.
, Jacopo, Italian painter, in. 546;
XV. 501.
, Lorenzo, Italian anatomist and
physician, in. 548.
, Vineenzo, Italian musical composer,
in. 548; xvii. 99.
Bellinzona, town, Switzerland, in.
548; xxn. 778; xxin. 351.
Bellman, Carl Mikael, Swedish poet,
nL 549; xxn. 755.
Bell Metal, iv. 366.
Bellomont, Lord, English governor of
New York, xvn. 455.
Bellona, in Roman roythology, in.
549-
Bellonius, Petrus (Eelon, q.v.), French
naturalist, HI. 553; on birds, xvni. 4.
Bellot, Joseph Reni, French Arctic
explorer, in. 549; XIX. 321.
Bellovacensis, Vincentius (Vincent of
Beauvais), medifeval encyclopiedist,
VIII. 192; XXIV. 235.
Bellovaci, Gallic tribe, xviii. 286.
Bellovesus, founder of Milan, xvi.
292.
Bellows, in. 549; for organ, xvn. 836;
for smelting ores, XVI. 60.
Bell-Ringing, in. 538.
Bell Rock Lighthouse, on Scottish
coast, XIV. 616.
Bell's Palsy, disease, xviii. 257.
BellUjE, Linnsean order of Mammalia,
XV. 421; xx'iv. 805.
Belluno, town, Italy, III. 553.
, Duke of (C. P. Victor), 'French
marshal, xxiv. 213.
B E L— B E N
Belly-Fish, in Java, xni. 606.
Belmonte, river, Brazil, IV. 222.
.Belon, Pierre, French naturalist. III.
553; on bird^ xvin. 4; on fishes,
XII. 631.
Belone, genus of fishes, x. 80.
Beloochistan (BalucWstan), country,
Asia, in. 299.
Belpasso, town, Sicily, in. 553.
Belper, town, England, in. 553.
Belsham, Thomas, English Unitarian
writer, in. 553.
, WUliam, English political writer,
"I- 553-
Belshazzar, of Scripture, in. 188, 553.
Belt, mechanical connector, xv. 760.
, Great and Little, straits, Denmark,
IIL 554.
Beltane, or Beltein, Celtic festival,
in. 554.
Beltirs, race of people, Russia, XXI.
251.
Beluga, cetacean mammal, xv. 398;
XXIV. 525; XIX. 522.
Belunum (Belluno), ancient town,
Italy, III. 553.
Belvacensis, Vincentius (Vincent of
Beauvais), encyclopaedist, vin. 192;
XXIV. 235.
Belvedere, town, Italy, in. 554.
Statue, of Apollo, 11. 186.
Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, explorer
of Egypt, IIL 554.
Bem, Joseph, Polish general, XII. 372.
Bema, in architecture, 11. 461.
, Manichaean festival, XV. 485.
BEM3A, lake. Central Africa, XXIV. 763.
Bembo, Pietro, cardinal, in. 554.
Bembridge, town, Isle of Wight,
England, xxiv. 562.
Benacus (Garda), lake, Italy, X 75.
Benares, division, district, and town,
India, in. 554; xvn. 572; Ghoosla
Ghat, landing place at, n. 397.
Ben Attovi', mountain, Scotland, XX.
854.
Benavente, town, Spain, in. 556.
Benbecula, island, Scotland, XL 607.
Benbow, John, English admiral, in. 556.
Benbulbin. mountain, Ireland, xxn.
159.
Bench, legal term, in. 556.
Benchers, English lawyers, in. 556;
XIIL 87.
Bencoolen, town, Sumatra, in. 556;
residency, XXII. 639.
Bend, in heraldry, XI. 695, 706.
, seaman's knot, XIV. 128; XXI. 590.
Bendall, Cecil, on Nepalese chronology,
XVIL 344.
Bender, town, Russia, in. 557; Charles
XII.'s residence at, v. 421.
Bender-Abbasi (Bandar Abbas), town,
Persia, HI. 557; xvill. 620, 627.
Bender Eregli, town, Asiatic Turkey,
XL 681.
Bending Moment, in beams, iv. 290.
51
Bend-I-Nuh (Noah's Hill), mountain,
Kurdistan, XIV. 156.
BENEDEK,Ludwig von, Austrian general,
III. 140.
Benedict, St, founder of order of
monks. III. 557; i. n; xvi. 703; his
monastic rule, xvi. 704.
I.-IV., popes, in. 558.
v., pope, in. 558; XIX. 497; XX.
789.
VI., pope. III. 558; XX. 789.
VII., pope, in. 558.
VIII., pope. 111. 558; XX. 790.
IX., pope, in. 558; state of Rome
under, XX. 790.
X., pope, in. 55S; XVII. 484.
XI., pope, in. 558.
XII., pope. III. 558; XX. 799.
XIIL, pope. III. 558; XX. 803.
XIV., pope. III. 559; XIX. 507;
his opposition to the Jesuits, XIII.
654.
Benedictine Monasteries, l ii.
Benedictines, or Benedictine order
of monks, 111. 558; XVI. 704; in
England, viii. 372; their libraries,
XIV. 513.
Benedictional, church .service book,
XIV. 710.
Benedictus Levita, his coBecticai of
church laws, v. 17.
Benee - Hasan, ■ Egypt, Sepulchral
grottoes at, vii. 774.
Benee-Suweyf, town, Egypt, vii.
774-
Benefice, Ecclesiastical, in. 559; origin
of the system, IX. 121; r%ht of
presentation to, I. 179; xx. 158;
simony in regard to, XXII. 85 ;
vicarial, XXIV. 209; dilapidations of,
vn. 239.
Benefit of Clergy, in law, v. 827;
vin. 372.
Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, Gerilian
philosopher, in. 560.
Benevento, town, Italy, ill. 561.
, Prince of (Talleyrand), French
statesman, xxin. 29.
Beneventum . (Benevento), ancient
town, Italy, in. 561 ; XXI. 249; battle
of (275), XX. 744.
Benevolence, in uhrenology, xvin.
845.
, Universal, Cumberland's theory of
VI. 702.
Benevolences, enforced loans, ix. 177.
Benfey, Theo'dor, German philologist,
xviiL 781; XIIL 683.
Bengal, lieutenant-governorship, India,
III. 562; early British connexion with,
XII. 799; army of, 11. 590.
Bengalee Era, v. 719.
Bengali Language. Dictionaries -of
VII. 190.
Bengal Light, in jjyrotechny, xx.
136.
Bengawan, river, Java, xui. 601.
62
B E N — B E R
Benoazi, town, North Africa, in. 571;
XXIII. 575.
Bengel, John Albert n Biblical
scholar, III. 571.
Ben Gerson, Levi, Jewisa philosopter,
X. 550.
Benghazi, town, Tripoli, Africa, in.
571; XXIII. 575.
Benguela, country. West Africa, III.
572-
Benhadad, king of Damascus, XIII.
406.
Ben Hope, mountain, Scotland, xxii.
726.
Beni, department, Bolivia, IV. 10.
Benicarlo, town, Spain, in. 572.
Beni Israel, JewL'sh settlement, E wi-
b.-iv, XIII. 685.
Benin, country, West Africa, in. 571
Benincasa, Catherine (St Catheriue
of Siena), V. 229; XXII. 43.
Benjamin, of Scripture, in. 573.
of Tudela, Jewish rabbi, III.
573-
Ben Klibreck, mountain, Scotland,
XXII. 726.
Benkulen (Bencoolen), town, Sumatra,
III. 556; XXII. 639.
Ben' Lawers, mountain, Scotland,
xvni. 666.
Ben Lomond, mountain, Scotland,
XXII. 553.
Ben Lomond, mountain, Tssmania,
XXIII. 73.
Ben More, mountain, Scotland, xvin.
666.
Benmore Assynt, mountain, Scotland,
xxii. 726.
Ben Muichdhui, mountain, Scotland,
'• 43-
Bennet,' Henry, earl of Arlington,
English statesman. III. 573.
Sennet's Electroscope, vni. 118.
Bennett, James Gordon, American
journalist. III. 574; x\"n. 434.
, John Hughes, English physio-
logist, III. 574.
, Sir William Stemdale, English
mxisical composer. III. 574; XVII. 97.
Benneville, George de, American
Universalist, XXIII. 831.
Ben Nevis, mountain, Scotland, xiii.
199.
Bennington, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 167.
Bennu, EgN-ptian phoenix, XVIII. 81 1.
Ben Nut, xvii. 664; oil of, xvii. 744.
BenoIt de Sainte-More, French
writer, XIII. 499; XX. 638.
Benozzo Gozzoli, 'Italian painter, IX.
773; XL 24; XXI. 435.
Benserade, Isaac de, French poet, in.
575-
Pen Slioch, mountain. Scotland, xx.
854-
Benson, George, English divine, in.
575-
BENTENG, to^vn, Indian Archipelago,
XXI. 210.
Bentham, George, on plant classifica-
tion, IV. 81.
, Jeremy, English TVTiter on politics
and jurisprudence. III. 575; on codi-
fication of law, VI. 106; his ethical
system, VIII. 5o6; on prison discipline,
XIX. 748; promoter of savings banks,
XXI. 327; on Smith's Wealthof Nations,
XIX. 370; his relations with Dumont,
VII. 529.
Bentinck, William, first earl of Port-
land, English diplomatist, XIX. 530.
, Lord William, governor-general of
India, XII. 806.
, Lord William George F. C, English
statesman, III. 577.
, William H. C, third duke of Port-
and, English statesman, XIX. 530.
Bentivoglio, Giovanni, Bolognese
statesman, in. 577.
, Guido, cardinal. III. 577.
Bentlev, Richard, English scholar, in.
578; on the -Esopian fables. III. 181;
his controversies with Conyers Mid-
dleton, XVI. 282 ; on the Letters of
Phalaris, xviii. 730.
Benton, Thomas Hart, American poli-
tician, xxiii. 764, 7S8.
Benua, race of people, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 323.
BENt;E, river, Africa, I. 253; xvii. 496.
Benvoglienti, Ulberto, Sienese his-
torian, XXII. 43.
Ben. Voirlich, mountain, Scotland,
XVIII. 666.
Ben Wyvis, mountain, Scotland, xx.
854.
Ben y Gloe, mountain, Scotland, xviii.
666.
Benzene, in cnemistry, xxill. 59; v.
560.
Benzert (Bizerta), town, Tunis, Africa,
III. 794; XXIII. 620.
Benzoic Acid, in chemistry, in. 580.
Benzoin, gum, in. 5S1; xxil 639; as
incense, XI I. 718.
Benzol, in chemistry, xxin. 59; xviil.
237.
Benzoyl, in chemistry, xxiv. 626.
Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon poem, viii. 403,
404; XX. 657.
BiR.\NGER, Jean Pierre, Swiss historian,
XXII. 799.
, Pierre Jean de, French poet. III.
581; IX. 675.
Berapi, mountain, Sumatra, XXII. 638.
Berar, province, India, III. 5S2.
Berard, FredMc, French physician,
in. 584.
"ERARDI, Angelo, Italian musician,
xvii. 87.
Berardius, genus of Cetacea, Xt. 397.
Berauna. tribe, Fezzan, Africa, IX.
130.
Beraunite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Berber, town, Egypt, ni. 584; XVII
507.
Berbera, town. Eastern Africa, III. 584.
Berberines, people. Nubia, I. 260.
Berber Language, xviii. 778; its
relation to Semitic, XXI. 643; diction-
aries.of, VII. 192.
Berbers, people, North Africa, i. 261;
XXI. 151; XIII. 814; XXII. 278; of
Algeria, I. 564; of Morocco, XVI. 834;
in Spain, XXII. 310; of Tunis, xxiii.
620.
Berbice, county, British Guiana, XI.
249; river, XL 250.
Berceo, Gonzalo de, Spanish coet, X.
773; xxn. 353.
Berchem, or Berghem, Nicholas,
Dutch painter, ill. 584.
Berchorius, Petrus, French Biblical
encyclopedist, VIII. 193.
Berchtesgaden, or Berchtolsgadea,
town, Bavaria, IIL 584.
Berdiansk, to-n-n, Russia, III. 5S4;
XXIII. 83.
Berdicheff, town, Russian Poland, 111.
585.
Berdyansk (Berdiansk), tmvn, Russia,
IIL 584; xxin. 83.
Bere, cereal, in. 376; culture of, I. 359.
Bere.\ (Berrhoea), ancient town. Mace-
donia, XV. 137.
Bere.\ns, or Barclayites, Scotti.sh sect,
III. 369.
Bereke Khan, Mongol rulei, xvi. 746.
Berengar L, III., IV., counts of Cata-
lonia, XXII. 311. •
11., king of Italy, X. 483; XIII. 468;
XX. 788.
Berengaria, wife of Richard Cccur de
Lion, king of England, XX. 540.
Berengarius, of Tours, theologian and
scholastic philosopher, in. 585; XXI.
421; his connexion with Lanfranc,
XIV. 283.
Berengelite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Berencer, James, of Carpi, Italian
anatomist, I. 806.
Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I. of
Judfea, III. 586; her relations with
Titus, xxin. 420.
, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes cf
'Egypt, III. 586.
- - — , town. Red Sea, III. 586.
BtR^NiCE, Racine's drama, XX. 206.
Beresford, Marshal, English envoj in
Portugal, XIX. 551.
Berezina, river, Russia, in. 586; xxiv.
233-
BEREZOFF,town, Siberia, in. 587; ,xxiii.
430.
Berg, duchy, Germany, in. 587.
Bergamo, to\vn, Asia Minor, xvill.
528.
, pro^dnce, Italy, III. 587.
, town, Italy, in. 587; church of
Sta Maria Maggiore at, II. 456; pictures
in, .XXI. 447.
B E R — B E R
53
BERGAMOT, Oil of, III. 587.
BergandeS, bird, xxi. 788.
Bergedorf, town, Germany, XI. 404;
XV. 33.
Bergen, town, Norway, iii. 588; xvii.
582.
, town, Riigen, Germany, XXI. 57.
, Charles Augusta de, anatomist. I.
814.
Bergen-op-Zoom, town, Holland, III.
588.
Bergerac, town, France, III. 588.
, Cyrano de, on travelling to the
moon, I. 1 86.
Bergerite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Berghem, Nicholas, Dutch painter, in.
584.
Bergholz, mineral, xvi. 425.
Bergisch-Gladbach, town, Prussia, x.
631.
Berg MANN, or Bergman, Torbern Olof,
Swedish chemist and naturalist. III.
588; v. 463; XXII. 756; on alum, I.
643; on crystals, vi. 673; on the
transit of Venus, II. 791.
Bergomum (Bergamo), ancient town,
Italy, III. 587.
Beroues, town, France, XVII. 535.
Bering, Vitus (Behring), Danish Arctic
explorer; in. 510; XIX. 318.
Berkeley, town, England, in. 589.
, West Virginia, U.S.A., mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
, George, bishop of Cloyne, philo-
sopher, III. 589; on mental association,
II. 731; on the existence of God, II.
192; his philosophy in relation to
CoUrer's, VI. 144; his view of psycho-
logy, XX. 38; as economist, XiX. 364;
his place in English literature, vni.
^28.
, Lord John, grantee of New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvn. 398.
Berj^enhout, John, on British birds,
xviii. 9.
Berkhampstead, Great, town, Eng-
land, in. 591.
Berkshire, county, England, ni. 592;
ancient monuments of, XXI. 5 1 ; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727.
Hog, I. 400.
Berlin, capital of Prussia, in. 593;
XX. 16; treaty of (1879), XXIII. 652;
academy of sciences, I. 71 ; bourse, XXII.
557; libraries, xiv. 526, 546; news-
papers, XVII. 428; observatory, xvii.
712; picture gallery, XXI. 445; porce-
lain, XIX. 640; sculptures, xxi. 566;
university, XXIII. 848.
Needle-Work, vin. 162.
Berliner, EmUe, telephonic inven-
tor, xxin. 129.
Berlioz, Hector, French musical com-
poser, III. 598.
Berm, in fortification, IX. 428, 429.
Bermudas, islands, Atlantic Ocean, in.
599i 18; Berkeley's proposed college
at. III. 590; birds of, IIL 753; floating
dock in, vii. 318.
BermuDEZ, state, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Bermudo II., king of Leon, XXH. 311;
XIX. 539.
III., of Leon, xxn. 312.
Bern, or Berne, canton, Switzerland,
III. 600; XXII. 778, 784, 790; town. III.
600; xxn. 778; university, XXIII. 851.
Bernacle-Goose, X. 778.
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules,
French general and king of Sweden,
III. 601; XXII. 752; in coalition against
Napoleon (1813), XVII. 220.
Bernam, river, Malay Peninsula, XV.
321.
Bernard, St, of Clairvaux, mediaeval
philosopher and theologian. III. 601; i.
35; IX. 539; XIX. 500; XXL 425;
hymns by, XII. 584; mystical teaching
of, xvn. 131.
of Chartres, scholastic philosopher,
XXI. 423.
of Scxe-Weimar, general, ix. 569.
of Trevisa, his chemical experi-
ments, I. 465.
, James, Dutch divine. III. 603.
, Jeanne Fran9oise Julie Adelaide
(Madame R^camier), XX. 309.
, Simon, French general. III. 003.
Bernardes, Diogo, Portuguese poet,
-XIX. 556.
Bernardin, St, of Siena, in. 603.
DE Saint-Pierre, French writer,
XXI. 195; IX. 666.
Bernardino di Betti (Pinturicchio),
Italian painter, XIX. 108; XXI. 436.
Bern ART, of Ventadour, Provencal poet,
XIX. 874.
Bernat des Clot, Catalan chronieler,
xxn. 363.
Bernat des Coll, Catalan chronicler,
XXII. 364.
Bernauer, Agnes, killed at Straubing,
XXII. 591.
Bernay, town, France, in. 603.
Bernays, Jacob, classical scholar, Xlll.
682.
BernbuRG, town, Germany, III. 604.
Bernec, Peter, Spahish metal-worker,
XIX. 184; XXL 567.
Berners, Lord (Bourchier), English
writer, IV. 174.
, Juliana, English writer on field-
sports, III. 604.
Bernese Alps, 1.-625.
Bernesque Poetry in Italian litera-
ture, XIII. 510.
Perni, Francesco, Italian poet, in. 604;
xni. 510.
Bernicia, district, Celtic Britain, v.
301; kingdom of, vill. 270; xvn.
568.
Bernina Pass, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, Italian
architect and sculptor, in. 604; XX.
8j6; XXI. 570.
Bernis, Abbe, adviser of Madame da
Pompadour, IX. 587, 589; XIX. 443.
Bernoulli (or BernouiUi), famOy of
mathematicians and scientists, in. 604.
, Daniel, his theory of the motion
of fluids. III. 606; XII. 437, 466; his
theory of musical pipes, I. 114; on
tides, XXIIL 355.
, James, mathematician (d. 1 705), III.
604; on probability, XIX. 769, 772.
, James (d. 1789), in. 607.
, John (d. 1748), in. 605; his hy-
pothesis of perpetual motion, XVIII,
555; his contributions to trigonometry,
xxiiL 562; his problems solved hy
Newton, xvn. 446.
, John (d. 1790), III. 607.
, John (d. 1807), III. 607.
, Nicholas (d. 1726), III. 606.
, Nicholas (d. 1759), III. 607.
Bernqullian Numbers, Tables of,
xxin. 14.
Bernstorfp, family -of Danish states-
men, vn. 87.
Bernward, bishop of Hildeshfeim,
niello- worker, xvn. 494.
Bercea (Aleppo), ancient town, Syria, i.
478.
BeroiD/E, family of Actinozoa, I. 132.
Berosus, Chaldasan historian and chron
ologist. III. 607; v. 710; XV. 144;
xviii. 561; on Babylonian cosmogony,
VI. 446; on Deluge legends, vn. 54.
Berozovka, town, Russia, 6uciiL 717.
Berri, Due de, son of Charles X. of
France, III. 608; murder of, ix. 619.
, Duchesse de, IIL 608.
Berridge, John, hymns by, XII. 594.
Berrio, Spanish writer of comedias,
xxiL 356.
Berruguete, Alonso, Spaniah sculptor,
XXI. 567.
Berry, form of fruit, iv. 15,.
Berryer, Pierre Antfline, French
advocate and orator. III. 608.
Bertaut, Franjoise (Madame de Motte-
vOle), xvn. 4.
Bertharius, abbot of Monte Cassino,
XXIII. 832.
Berthelot, Pierre M., his researches
on carbon, V. 86.
Berthierine, mineral, XVL 415.
Berthierite, mineral, XVI. 394.
Berthold, Arnold A., on the Bternum
of birds, XVIII. 22.
BERTHOLtET, Claude Louis, French
chemist. III. 609; V. 46
Berthoud (Burgdorf), town, Switzer-
land, IV. 532.
, Ferdinand, Swiss chronometer-
maker, in. 609.
Bertin, Louis F., French jomralist,
XVII. 425".
, St, abbev of, St Omer, Ft "nee,
XXI. 188.
Bertinoro, town, Italy, in. 610.
Bertoldo, Italian jester, IX. 3&7,-
r»4
Bertrand de Goth (Pope Clement
v.), V. S21; IX. 544; XIX. 501.
Bertran de Born, Provenjal poet,
XIX. 874.
Berush (Dob Beer), Jewisn sectarian
leader, Xiil. 681.
Bervie, village, Scotland, XIV. 79.
Berwick (Berwick-upon-Tw^ed, q.v.),
town, England, III. 610.
, Duke of, marshal of France, III.
610; IX. 582.
Berwickshire, county, Scotland, in.
612; area and population, XXI. 528;
representation, XXIII. 727.
Berwick-upon-Tweed, town, Eng-
land, III. 610; XVII. 567; in time of
Alexander III. of Scotland, xxi. 486.
Beryl, mineral jind precious stone. III.
613; XVI. 418.
iBeryllium, or Glucinum, chemical ele-
ment, V. 526; X. 693; spectrum of,
XXII. 376.
Berytus, town, Phoenicia, xvill. 804.
Berzelinite, mineral, XVI. 392.
Berzelite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Berzelius, Jons Jakob, Swedish chem-
ist, III. 614; XXII. 758; on atomic
weights, v. 465; on the blowpipe. III.
837 ; on fermentation, IX. 94 ; on
uranium, xxiv. 7.
■Berzsenyi, Daniel, Hungarian poet,
XII. 377.
Bes, Egyptian god, in. 614.
BisALU, district, Roussillon, France,
XXI. 28.
Besanqon, town, France, ill. 614.
BESAYA, pass of, Spain, XXII. 293.
BesCHI, Joseph, Italian Jesuit, East
Indian missionary, XXIII. 44.
Beseke, J. M. G., on birds, xyiil. 8.
Besht (Israel Baal Shem), Jewish sec-
tarian leader, XIII. 681.
Besh-Taryk, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
Beshtau Mountains, Caucasia,
Russia, XXII. 472.
Beskow, Baron von, Swedish dramatist,
III. 615.
Bessarabia, government, Russia, iii.
615; XXI. 69.
iBessarion, Johannes, cardinal, III. 616.
BESsfecES, town, France, in. 616.
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian
astronomer, III. 616; on measuring
arc of meridian, VII. 598.
Bess'el'S FUNCTIONS, Table of,XXIII. 14.
Bessemer Metal, xiii. 284.
Bessemer Process, of steel-making,
xni. 332; spectrum of flame in, XXII.
377-
Bessler, OrffjTeus, on perpetual mo-
tion, xvin. 554.
Bkssus, satrap of Eactria, betrayer of
Darius III., xvin. 582; n. 641.
Bestiary, book of allegories, XIX. 6.
Bestuzheff-Riumin, Prof., Russian
histwian, xxi. 108.
B E R — B H A
Besuki, town, Java, xili. 606.
Betchuana, tribe. South Africa, III.
478; XVII. 319; XXIII. 468, 518.
Betel-Leaf, spice, India, xii. 748.
Betel Nut, ni. 616; xvii. 664.
Bethany, town, Palestine, in. 617-
Bethel, town, Palestine, in. 617.
Bethell, Richard, Lord Westbury,
lord chancellor of England, xxiv.
506.
Bethencourt, Jean de, his conquest
of the Canary Islands, IV. 795.
Bethesda, pool near Jerusalem, in.
617; XIII. 63S.
, Wisconsin, U.S.A., mineral w^ter
of, XVI. 436.
Bethlehem, town, Palestine, in. 617;
Church of the Nativity at, in. 418.
Bethlen, Gabriel, governor of Transyl-
vania, XII. 369.
B^thune, town, France, III. 617;
xvin. 340.
, MaximUien de, duke of Sully,
French statesman, XXII. 633.
Betlis, town, Armenia, III. 617.
Betsiboka, river, Madaf^car, XV. 169.
Betsileo, district and tribe, Mada-
gascar, XV. 168, 171.
Betsimisaraka, tribe, Madagascar, xv.
171.
Betterton, Thomas, English actor and
dramatist. III. 617.
Betti, Bernardino di (Pinturicchio),
Italian painter, XIX. 108.
Bettinelli, Saverio, Italian writer, in.
6i«.
Betting, hi. 618; law relating 10,
X. 66; XXIV. 305.
Bettongia, genus of marsupial mam-
mals, XIII. 840.
Betts Cove, copper mine, Newfound-
land, XVII. 384.
Betul, district, India, ni. 619.
Betwa, river, India, III. 620; XVII.
572..
Beudanite, mineral, XVI. 408.
Beudant, Francois Sulpice, French
mineralogist, III. 620.
Beul6, Charles Ernest, French archseo-
logist, III. 62a
Beurbach, George, Austrian astro-
nomer, n. 751.
Beust, Baron, Saxon and Austrian
statesman, in. 141; xxi. 356.
Beuthen, town, Germany, in. 621;
XXII. 53.
, Nieder, town, Germany, ill. 621.
Bevel-Wheels, in mechanics, xv.
759-
Beverley, town, England, in, 621;
XXIV. 748.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., in.
621.
, town. Western Australia, XXIV.
508.
, John of, archbishop of York, III.
621, "
Bevis of Hampton, Romance of, xx.
653-
Bevoibetta, mountain, India, xvil.
509.
Bewdley, town, ^^ngland, in. 621;
XXIV. 666.
Bewick, Thomas, English wood-
engraver, III. 621; VIII. 438; his
History of British Bir^ xviii. 10,
14, 18.
Bex, France, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
Bey, sovereign of Tunis, xxill. 621.
Beybars, Mameluke sultan of Egypt,
vn. 755; xvn. 301; XXIII. 162.
Beyla, town, Baluchistan, III. 511.
Beyle, Marie Henri (De Stendhal),
French writer. III. 621.
Beynen, Koolemans, Dutch northern
explorer, XIX. 325.
Beyrout, to^vn, Syria, 111. 622; com-
merce of, XXIII. 655.
BezA, Theodore, French scholar. III.
623.
Bez^ Codex, i. 123; xviii. 148.
Bezanozano, tribe, Madagascar, XV.
171.
Bezetha, hill, Jerusalem, xni. 638.
BiziERS, town, France, in. 625.
B^zique, game, ni. 625.
Bezirk, Prussian administrative di\-i-
sion, XX. 18.
Bezwara, town, India, Xiv. 103.
Bhabar, district, India, XI. 824.
Bhadar, river, India, xiv. 15.
Bhagalpur, district and town, India,
in. 626.
Bhagats, in Hindi literature, XI.
844.
Bhaktamala (Roll of the Bhagats),
Hindu work, XI. 846.
Bhamo, town, Burmah, III. 627.
Bhandara, district and town, India,
III. 627. .
Bhang, Indian hemp, and narcotic
drug from it. III. 627; XI. 648; XVll.
231.
Bharaich, district, India, in. 628.
Bhars, non-Aryan race, India, xil.
791.
Bhartpur, or Bhurtpore, native state,
India, III. 628; XX. 260.
, town. III. 629; siege of (1826),
in. 628; XII. 805, 806.
Bharuch (Broach), district and town,
India, iv. 356.
Bhascara Acharya, Oriental alge-
braist, I. 517.
Bhatgaon, town, Nepal, India, in.
629; XVII. 342.
Bhatiana, district, India, ill. 629,
Bhatniar (Bhattis), people, India) {IJt,
629; XX. no.
Bhatta-Narayana, Hindu dramatiBtj
XXI. 286.
Bhattis, people, India, in. 629; XX.
iia
B H A — B I a
55
liHAVAUHUTi. Hiudu diamatitit, xxi.
j86.
liHAWAI.PUR, state, Iiulia, III. 630.
UhaVACHara, laml tuu 110, in Xoitli
K'esiciu Pioviiice.<, India, xvii. 573.
Bher, tree, XXII. 60.
UHKR.v, town, India, XXI. 735.
Bhil, I3iiti.<li political agency, India, 111.
630.
Bhi-Lenc, river, Burniali, xxi. 239.
Bhils, i)coi)!e, India, III. 630; XII. 79>;
XV. 346
bHiLSA (Busa;, town, India, III. 678.
Bhiwantji, tovra, India, xxiii. 221.
Bhogdalari, town, India, XX. 272.
Bhonsla Rajahs, Maluatta rulers,
India, XV. 292.
Bhopal, state, India, lii. 630.
Bhot, district, Tibet, XXIII. 338.
Bhot.\n (Bhutan), state, India, UI. 631;
XI. 822.
Bhotia Kosi, district, Tibet, XXIII.
341.
Bhotiyas, Nepalcse race, India, XVII.
341-
JBhuj, town, Cntch, India^ VI. 731;
Bhurtpore (Bhartpur, q.v.), state and
to^vu, India, III. 628.
BHirrAN, state, India, III. 631; XI. 822.
Bhutias, people of Bhutan, India, III.
631.
Bhutteeana (Bhatiana), district, India;
III. 629.
Biafares, people, SenegaaSDia, "West-
Africa, XXI. 662.
BlAFR.^ country, WesrAfrica, III. 633.
BiAMRiLLAHl, Hakim, founder of the
sect of the Druses, VII. 484, 751; XI.
378.
BiANCA Cappello, Wife of Francesco I.
of Tuscany, xv. 791.
BlANCHi, political party7 Florence, IX.'
334-
.BIANCHIN17 Francis, Italian astronomer,
III. 633.'
, Ludovjco, Italian economist, XlX.
387.
BlANCHl'S AlR-PUMP, XIX. 246.
IBiANDRATA, Giorgio, physician and
Antitrinitarian, XXII. 230; XXIII. 725.
Bias, river, India, iii. 633; xiv. 154; xx.
107.
of Priene, oi^e (ji tne *even sages
of Greece, III. 633.
BiATA, town, Bussian Poland, XXII. 37.
BlBARS (Beybars), Mameluke saltan of
Egj-pt,vii. 755; xxiii._i62; Nawawi
resists him, XVil. 301.''
BiBERACH, to^-n, Wurtemberg, III. 633.
BiBIRlNE, vegetable alkaloid. III. 633.
BIBIRU, or Greenheart, tree. III. 633?
XI. 165.
Bible, The, iii. 634; inspiration of, xiii,
154; interpretation of, XI. 741; its re-
lation to Christianity, v. 690; to the
Koran, XVI. 600; ciicidation of. III.
649; decrees respecting, at council of
Trent, XXIII. 546; monopoly of print-
ing of. III. 650; Reimarus's view of,
XX. 353; American-Indian translation,
VIII. 137; Aimenian version, II. 550;
English, VIII. 3S1; the Bishops', Viii.
38S; Coverdale's English translation,
VI. 531; Geneva version, viii. 387;
Tyndalc's English version, XXiil. 675;
WyclifTe's,xxiv.7io; Ethiopic version,
Vlll. 613; Diodati's Italian translation,
VII. 245; Luther's German,, XV^ 76;
TTIfila's Gothic," X. 852; Polish, xix.
301; Septuagint version, XXI. 667;
Syriac versions, XXII. S24; Polyglott
vei'sions, xix. 417; Antwerp Polyglott,
II. 501 ; Coniplutensian Polyglott, xni.
694; Plantin's Polyglott, xi.\. 177;
"tt^alton's Polyglott, XXI v. 341.
Bible Christians, Methodist church,
XVI. 192.
Bible Christians, Temperance Society
of, XXIII. 159.
Bible Glosses, x. 687.
Bible Societies, hi. 649.
BIBLIA PaUPERUM, hi. ■653; XXIII.
682.
Biblical Criticism, Baur's contribu-
tions to. III. 448; Bleek's, HI. 824; De
"Wette's, vil. 114; xvill. 505; Ewald's,
VIII. 775; Hupfeld's, XII. 399; xviii.
506; Morintis's, xvi. 824; Origen's,
XVIL 840; R. Simon's, 50CU. 83;
Spinoza on, xxil. 402.
Biblical Theology, xxuu 239, 204,
275-
Bibliography, hi. 651; De Morgan's
works on, VII. 67; Dibdin's, VII. 172;
of Shakespeare literature, XXI. 768.'
Biblioiil^nia, III. 655.
, Dibdin's, HI. 655; vil. 172;
BlBLlOPEGY, bookbinding, IV. 42.
Bibhoteca Vaticana, Rome, xiv.
528, 548..
Bibliotheca, Apollodorus's work, I.
'499; II. 186.
, Photius's Tvork, xvill. 819.
Classica, series of works, XIV." 856.
Bibliotheque N.wionale, Paris, xiv.
524.
Bibron, G., on reptiles, xx. 437.
BiBULUS, Lucius_ Calpurnius, Roman
general, HI. 664.
, Marcus Calpurnius, Roman consul,
III. 664.
BiCANEpR (Bikanir), state, India, ill.
670; xx. 260.
Bicarbonate of SpDArxxiT. 241.
Bichat, Marie Fran9ois Xavier, French
anatomist, illl. 664; xv. 815; hisde-
scriptive anatomy, I. 8 16.
BlCHO DE Pe, or Chigoe, insect, IX. 301.
BlCKFORi^, "on the construction of
water meadows, Xlll. 365.
Bicycle, hi. 665; records of its speed,
XXIII. 560.
BiDA, town, Soudan, .Africa, III. 665;
XXII. 279.
BlDASOA, river, Spain, xvii. 249.
BlDDELHANS, English Unitarian sect
III. 666.
Biddle, or Bidle, John. English'
Unitarian, HI. 665; xxill. 726.
BiDEFORD, town, England, III. 666.
, Gerard de, grand-master of Knights
Templars, XXlII. 161.
Bidle, John, English Unitarian, III. 665;
XXIII. 726.
RlDONE,~Giorgio, ' his experiments on
waves and running water, Xll. 438.
BlDPAl, Hindu fabulist. III. 666.
BiDRi, ornamentation, xill. 81; XVII.
495-
Bieberite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Biel (Bienne), town, S\vitzerland, III.
666; XXII. 779.
, Gabriel, German scholastic philo-
sopher, HI. 666; XXI. 431.
Biela's Comet, vi. 192; xvi; in.
Bielau, village, Prussia, III. 666.
Bielaya Tserkov. town, Russia, III.
667.
Bielefeld, to\\-n, "Westphalia, iii. 667.
BielefF, or ByelefF. to\\-n, Russia, liu
667; XXIII. 605.
BiELGOROD, town, Russia, in. 667.
BiELiTZ, town, Austria, III. 667.
Biell.-v, tovra, Italy, HI. 667.
BlELOPOLi, town, Russia, III. 668.
BiELORUSSES, or "WQiite Russians, XXI.
79-
BiELOSTOK, town, Russia, in. 668.
BlELSKJ, Martin, PoUsh writer, XIX.'
301.
BiENHOA, town. Cochin China, ill. 668
Bienne (Bid), lake, Switzerland, XIV.
218; XVII. 361; XXII. 777.
, river. Jura, France, XIII. 782.
(Biel), town, Switzerland, ill. 666;
XXII. 779.
BiEQUES Island, West Indies, xxiv.-
261.
BlEVRE, stream, Paris, XVIIL 2^4.
BlEZHETZ, or Byezhetsk, tovra, Russia,
HI. 668; XXIII. 672.
B1G.4, Roman chariot, V. 401.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, XXIII.
653.
Bigamy, hi. 668.
BiGARADE, bitter oi-ange, xvii. 810.
Big Ben, bell at Westminster, England,
111. 539.
BiCG, cereal, III. 376; cultiu-e of. t 359;
in malting, iv. 269.
B1GG.1R, town, Scotland, XIV. 251.
BiGHiNl, or Fratricelli, medijeval sectj
, IX. 725; III. 507;
Bighorn, American imotmtain; sheep,'
XXI. 785.
Big Horn Mountains, Rocky Moun-
tains, U.S.A., XXIII. 797; XXIV. 713.
Bight of Benin, "West Africa, . iii..
572.
Bight of Biafr.^, "Weal Africa. Jii.
•623.
56
B I G— B I R
BiGlo, Francia, Florentine artist, his
relations with Sarto, XXI. 315.
BiGLOW Papers, by Lowell, i. 728, 734.
BiGNpN, Jerome, French ^awye>, in.
669.
BiGORDI, Domenico (Qhirlandajo),
Italian painter, x. 567; xxi. 435.
BiGORRE, Bagnferes de, town, France,
HI. 235.
BiGOTiERE, Seigneur de la, French
mathematician, XXIV. 224.
BiHARl Lal, Hindi writer, XI. 846.
BiHSUTUN (Behistun), Persia, rock i]i-
scriptions at, III. 509; XVIII. 567.
BiJAlNAGAR, ancient town, India, III.
669.
BiJAPUR, state and town, India, in.
669.
BiJNAUR, district and town, India, in.
670.
BijNS, Anna, Dutch poetess, xii. 92.
BIKANIR, state, India, III. 670; XX.
260.
BiLASPUR, district, India, in. 670;
town. III. 671; XIII. 823.
BiLAUR, tract of country, Afghanistan,
XIII. 821.
Bilbao, town, Spain, in. 672.
Bilberry, plant, xxiv. 556.
BiLBOA (Bilbao), town, Spain, III. 672.
Bilboes, The, torture, xxiii. 465.
Bilderdijk, Willem, Dutch poet, XIl.
96.
Bile, in physiology, xvii. 674, 675.
Duct, in anatomy, vn. 231.
BiLFINGER, George Bernhard, German
philosopher and administrator, III. 672.
Bilge-Keels, in ships, XXI. 813.
BlLHARZlA H/EMATOBIA, iiuman para-
site, XXIII. 540.
BiLiKH, affluent of Euphrates, viii.
669.
BiLlKTU Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi.
743-
BiLiN, Bohemia, mineral water of, xvi.
435-
BiLlNI, Russian popular tales, xxi.
102, 107, 109.
Bilious Attack, gastric catarrh, xxil.
574.
Bilious Fever, in the horse, xxiv.
203.
Bill, in parliament, in. 673; xvin. 313.
IN Chancery, in. 674.
OF Exchange, in. 673; viii.
784, 795; discounting of. III. 329.
OF Lading, hi. 674.
OF Rights, English (1689), xx.
555-
OF Sale, hi. 674; xxi. 207;
registration of, XX. 343.
Bill-Cock, bird, xx. 223.
Billeting, hi. 674.
Billets d' Etat, of Law's Banque
General, XIV. 367.
Billiards, game, in. 674; balls for,
xin. 524.
Billing, Hermann, duke of Saxony,
XXI. 352.
Billingsgate Market, London, xiv.
829.
Billiton, island, Indian Archipelago,
III. 677.
Billon, base metal, xvii. 630.
Bills of Mortality, xxii. 462; of
London, XIV. 820.
Bilma, oasis and town, Africa, in. 678;
XVII. 695.
BiLSA, town, India, in. 678.
BiLSTON, or Bilsreton, town, England,
III. 678.
BiLUCHis, race of people, Baluchistan,
I- 235-
BlMA, state, Sumbawa, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXII. 641.
BiMANA, Cuvierian order of Mammalia,
XV. 444.
Bimetallism, system of currency, XVI.
736; XXII. 73.
BlNA, river, India, XXI. 146.
BiNALUND MOUNTAINS, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, XXIII. 511.
Binck, Jacob, Danish wood-engraver,
VIII. 437.
Binding, of books, iv. 41; xiv. 538.
BiNGEMMA Hills, Malta, xv. 340.
Bingen, town, Germany, in. 678.
Bingham, Joseph, English scholar. III.
678.
BiNGLEY, town, England, III. 678.
Biniana (Baena), ancient town, Spain,
in. 229.
Binney, Thomas, English preacher, in.
678.
BiNNlTE, mineral, xvi. 394.
Binocular Microscope, xvl 272.
Binomial Theorem, in algebra, i. 555;
table of coefficients, XXlll. 13.
BiNTANG, island, Indian Archipelago,
III. 679; XV. 321.
Binturong, carnivorous mammal, xv.
436.
BlNUE, river, confluent of Niger, Africa,
xvii. 497; XXII. 248, 277.
BlOBlO, river. Chili, v. 617.
Biogenesis, in biology, i. 49; in. 689.
Biogenetic Law, Haeckel's, xx. 422.
Biology, in. 679; divisions of, xxiv.
799; evolution in, viir. 744; in relation
to morphology, xvi. 84 1 ; to physiology,
XIX. 8; to zoology, XXIV. 799.
Bion, Greek poet. III. 696.
Bionomics, in zoology, xxiv. 817.
Bioschi (Fratricelli), mediaeval sect, IX.
725.
BlOT, Jean Baptiste, French physicist,
in. 696; I. 194; his investigations in
electricity, vni. 9.
BlOTlTE, mineral, XVi. 412.
BiR, town, Asiatic Turkey, III. 697.
BiRAN, F. P. G. Maine de. French
philosopher, XV. 302.
BiRARA (New Britain), island. South
Pacific, XVII. 372.
BiRARS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, XXIII.
608.
BiRBHUM, district and town, India, in.
697.
BiRCA (Bjorko), ancient town, Sweden,
XXII. 558, 737.
Birch, tree, in. 697; in United States,
XXIII. 808; culture of, II. 317.
, J. W., British resident, Perak,
XXII. 587.
, Thomas, English \vriter, in. 698.
Bird, island, Seychellfis, Indian Ocean,
XXI. 725.
, William, English musical com-
poser, 111. 698.
Louse, insect, xv. 24.
Birds, hi. 699 (index, 777); xviii. 2;
their relations to reptiles, XXI. 323;
fossil, HI. 728; mimicry in, XVI. 341;
olfactory organs of, XXII. 166; organs
of touch, XXIII. 479; reproduction,
XX. 409; skeleton, XXII. 106; their
swimming and flying powers, IX. 308;
taxidermy, XXIII. 90; parasites of,
XVIII. 26<i; geographical distribution
of. III. 736; VII. 269; of America, 1.
684; of India, Xll. 743; of the Hima-
layas, XI. 834; works on development
of, VIII. 168.
, The, of Aristophanes, II. 509.
OF America, by Audubon, ill. 70.
OF Paradise, 111. 778; xv. 504.
OF Passage, LongfelloVs poem,
XIV. 861.
Birejik, town, Asiatic Turkey, III. 697.
Bireme, Greek ship, XXI. 805.
Biren, E. J., favourite of Anna of
Russia, II. 60; XXI. 98.
Birger, king of Sweden, XXII. 745.
BiRGlTTA, or Bridget, St, of Sweden,
XVI. 711, 716; XXII. 753.
Birjand, town, Persia, xvill. 627, 62S.
Birkarlians, Swedish adventurers in
Lapland, xiv. 307.
Birkbeck, George, English pliilanthrop-
1st, HI. 779.
Birkebeinar, Norwegian political
party, xvil. 588.
Birkenfeld, principality, Germany,
XVII. 757.
Birkenhead, town, England, in. 779;
XIV. 715.
, Sir John, early newspaper writer,
XVII. 414.
Birmenstorf, Switzerland, mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
Birmingham, town, England, in. 780;
libraries, Xiv. 521, 542; newspapers,
XVII. 422; population and representa-
tion, XXIV. 379.
BlRON, Armand, duke of, marshal of
France, HI. 786.
, Charles, duke of, French admiral,
HI. 786; IX. 565.
, Louis Antoine, Marshal, friend of
Admiral Rodney, XX. 618.
Birr, tcwn, Ireland, XVIII. 328
B I R — B L A
57
BiRS NiMRUD, part of Babylon, lii. 1S3.
BiRSK, town, Russia, XXIII. 717.
Birth, Ceremonies connected with, in
relation to totemism, XXIII. 469; law
in regard to concealment of, XIII. 4;
registration of, XX. 343.
, in comparative physiology, XX. 410.
Birth-Rate, its average in different
countries, XIX. 516.
Birthright, xix. 733.
Birvutch, town, Russia, XXIV. 298.
Bis.\cci.^, town, Italy, III. 786.
Bis Accus.iTUS, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44
BiSANTHE (Rodosto), ancient town,
Turkey in Europe, XX. 618.
BiSBAL, La, Count of (Henry Joseph
O'Doimell), Spanish mai'shal, xvii.
^^^■
Biscay, province, Spain, III. 7S7; xxii.
298.
, Bay of. III. 787.
BISCECLIA, tomi, Italy, III. 7S7.
BiscHWEiLER, town, Alsace, Germany,
III. 787.
BiSCOP, Benedict, English monk, III.
48 1 ; XVI. 707.
Biscuit, in pottery, xix. 601.
Biscuits, Manufacture of, iii. 252.
, Concentrated ni«at, XIX. 707.
BiSHARi, tribes. Nubia, xvii. 610.
Bishir, African fish, I. 260; XIX. 429.
Bishop, hi. 787; v. 700; viii. 484; xix.
674; XX. 629; election of, VI. 265;
position of, in British peerage, xvin.
459. 465-
, Apostolic, a title of the pope, xix.
498.
, George, his observatory, Regent's
Park, London, XVII. 711.
, Sir Henry Rowley, EugU-sh musi-
cal composer. III. 789.
Bishop-.^uckland, town, England, III.
790.
Bishop Rock Lighthouse, Scilly
Island.s, England, XIV. 616.
Bishops, Roman (popes). List of, xix.
488, 509.
AND Regulars, Congregation of.
Church of Rome, XX. 629.
Bishop's Hatfield, town, England,
XI. 520.
Bishop-Stortford, town, England, III.
790.*
Bishopwearmouth, suburb of Sunder-
land, England, ill. 790; XXII. 657.
Biskara, or Biskra, town, Algeria, III.
790.
Bismarck, JPrince von, German states-
man, IX. 625; X. 510; XX. 12; XXIV.
582.
Bismite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Bismuth, chemical clement, III. 790;
V. 539; XVI. 380, 395; magnetic pro-
peilies of, xv. 267; in medicine, Vli.
587; ore-Mof, III. 790; XVI. 58; telluric,
XVI. 380.
Bismuthine, mineral. III. 790; XVI.
394-
BISMUTHITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
Bismutoferrite, mineral, XVI. 425.
Bismuto-sph/ERITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
Bison, ungulate mammal, III. 792; XV.
432; of India, XII. 742.
Bissagos, islands, West Africa, xxi.
661.
Bisschop, Simon (Episcopius), Dutch
theologian, viii. 493.
Bissen, W., Danish sculptor, x.xi. 570.
Bistre, pigment, xix. 88.
BlSUTUN(Beliistun), Persia, rock inscrip-
tions at, III. 509; xviii. 567.
Bit, boring tool, XI. 43S.
BITHYNIA, ]iro\nnce, Asia Minor, III.
792; coins of ancient, XVII. 645.
, genus of .snails, XXII. 1S8.
BITLIS, town, Armenia, III. 617.
Bitolia, town, Turkish Romnelia, XVI.
719
Bitonto, to^^■n, Italy, III. 793.
BlTSCH, to^^•n, Lorraine, Germany, III.
794
Bitter-Almond Oil, its chemical re-
lations, XXIV. 626.
Bitter Apple, or Colocynth, plant, vi.
150.
Bittern, biid, in. 794; XI. 761; xiii.
576.
, Sun, bird, XXII. 652.
Bitter Root Mountains, Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., XXlll. 797.^
Bitters, alcoholic beverage, ill. 794;
XIV. 686.
Bittersweet, plant, xvii. 499.
Bitter Waters, xxiv. 399.
Bitumen, mineral, xvi. 428.
Bitu.minous Coal, vi. 45.
BiTZlUS, Albert, Swiss writer, XXII.
799- .
BivAR, Rodrigo Diaz de (the Cid),
Spanish hero, v. 773.
BlWA, lake, Japan, Xlll. 572.
B1.XI0, aeronaut, I. 195
Biyerre, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 764.
Biysk, town, Siberia, xxii. 11; xxiii.
439-
Bizert.a, town, Tuni.s, North Africa,
III. 794; XXIII. 620.
BjARNi, early Danish navigator, XI.
171.
BjERREGAARD, Henrik Anker, Nor-
wegian poet, XVII. 590.
BjOREiA, river, Norway, xvii. 575.
Bjorko, island and ancient town,
Sweden, XXII. 558, 737.
Bjorn, Greenland voyager, I. 706.
BjORNSON, B., Norwegian poet and
dramatist, XVI1..591; xvill. 348.
Black, Adam, publisher of Encyclo-
paedia Britannica, VIII. 202.
, Joseph, chemist. III. 794; on the
properties of air, v. 462; his balloon
experiments, I. 1S9.
Black, W. H., on ancient London, xiv.
841
, Aniline, from vanaauim, XXIV.
54-
, Pigments of, XIX. 88.
, Platinum, XIX. 191.
Ash Making, in soda manufac-
ture, XXII. 243.
Blackball, wheat aisease, 1. 354.
Blackband Iron, xiii. 2S5.
Blackbird, bird, 111. 799; xviii. 74:
of America, XI. 27.
Black Book of the Admiralty, i.
157; XXI. 584.
Black Book of the Exchequer,
XXI. 36.
Black Book of wales, v. 318.
Blackburn, town, England, in. 799.
Black Canons, i. 19.
Bl.\ckcap, bird, xxiv. 553.
Black Cart, river, Scotland, xx. 395.
Black Castle, Wicklow, Ireland,
XXIV. 558.
Blackcock, bird, m loo; xi. 222; as
game, XXI. 835.
Black Colours, in dyeing, vii. 579.
Black Death, plague, xix. 164; vii.
684; VIII. 325; XIV. 122.
Black Dome, mountain. Blue Ridge,
U.S.A., XXIII. 794
Black Dome, mountain, Catskills,
U.S.A., XXIII. 793.
Blackdown, Somerset, England, xxil.
257.
Black Duck, xxi. 470.
Black-Eyed Susan, song by Dougk.«
Jerrold, XIII. 632.
Blackfaced Sheep, i. 392.
BlaCKFISH, American fish, xxiv. 686.
Black Flags, in Tong-King, xxiii.
441.
Black Forest, Germany, iii. 795;
XXIV. 699.
Blackfriars, London, accident at
Vespers at (1623), xiv. 847.
Black Gum, tree, U.S.A., xxill. 809.
Blackhead, bird, xxi. 378.
Blackheath Common, London, xiv.
S24
Black Hills, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIII. 797.
Black Hole of Calcutta, rv. 656;
XII. 801.
Black Isle, Scotland, xx. 854.
Black Jack, zinc ore, xxiv. 785.-
Black Lead, xix. 230.
Blackleg, cattle disease, L 390.
Black-Letter Type, xxiii. 694.
Blacklock, Thomas, Scottish poet and
divine, III. 800.
Black-Mailing, crime, xxin. 233.
Blackmore, Sir Richard, English
writer. III. 800.
Black Mountains, North Carolina.
U.S.A., xvii. 559.
Blackness Castle, LinlitTigow. Scot-
land, xiv. 670.
XXV. — 8
58
Blackpool, town, England, in. 800.
Black Prince, Eiward, the, vii. 686;
VIII. 319.
Black Quarter, cattle disease, xvii.
58.
Black River, New York, U.S.A., xvii.
451.
Black Rod, Usher of the, xxi. 37.
Black Rot, vine ilisease, xxiv. 240.
Black Sea, in. 795; xv. 820; restric-
tions on its navigation, xxill. 647,
650.
BlackSTART, bird, XX. 318.
Blackstone, Sir "WiUiani, English
jurist, in. 800; his definition of law,
XIV. 355, 362.
Black Town, part of Madras city,
India, XV. 187.
Blackwall, John, on the reproduction
of spiders, II. 294.
Black Ware, kind of pottery, xix.
618; Etruscan, VIII. 641.
Black WATER, river, Ireland, VI. 403;
XIV. 51; XXIV. 400.
Black Witch, bird, 687.
Blackwood, Adam, early Scottish
jurist, XXI. 543.
, Henry, Scottish writer on medi-
cine, XXI. 543.
Blackwood's Magazine, xviii. 537;
Lockhart's connexion with, XIV. 763;
Wiisons connexion vnth, xxiv. 592.
Bladder, Diseases of the, xxiv. 188.
' Nut, tree, ,11. 320; xvii. 664.
Worms, xxni. 49, 52.
BladeSj W-1 on the sizes of books, iv.
38-
Bladon, Alabama, U.S.A., mineral
water of, XVI. 436.
Blaenavon, tqiUJi Monmouth, England,
XVI. 754.
Blaeu, William Jansson, his geographi-
cal globes, X. 683.
BLAGOVYESCHENSK,town, Siberia, XXII.
II.
, monastery, Nijni-Novgorod, Rus-
sia, XVII. 501.
Blagrove, Henry, English musician,
XVII. 93.
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de,
French naturalist. III. 802; on birds,
XVIII. 20, 22, 29; on reptiles, XX. 435.
Blair, Hugh, Scottish preacher and
writer, MI. 802; XX. 515.
, Robert, Scottish poet, in. 803.
, Port, to^v^l, Andaman Islands, in.
802; n. 13.
Athol, English race-horse. Pedi-
gree of, xn. 186.
Castle, Perthshire, Scotland,
XVIII. 667.
Blairgowrie, town, Scotland, xvin.
667.
Blake, Francis, his telephone trans-
mitter, XXIII. 130, 132.
I , Robert, English admiral, ill. 803;
XII. 80.
B L A — B L O
Blake, William, English poet and
painter, III. 804.
Blanc, Louis, French socialist, XXll. 208;
on communism, VL 213.
, Mont, Alps, III. 807; I. 625; XXI.
332-'
Blanca Peak, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxni. 796.
Blanchard, Emiie, on birds, xviil. 31.
, J. P., French aeronaut, I. 190.
Blanche of Castile, mother of Louis
IX. of France, IX. 542.
Blanco, Guzman, president, Venezuela,
XXIV. 141.
Blane, Sir Gilbert, British physician,
III. 807.
Blanks, town, Spain, in. 807.
Blanford, W. J., on geology of Persia,
XVIII. 621.
Blankenburg, town, Germany, XXI.
461.
Blank Verse, Marlowe's iitroduction
of, XV. 556.
Blanpain's Comet, vi. 191.
Blanquefort, Bertrand de. Knight
Templar, XXI 1 1. 161.
Blarina, genus of shrews, XXI. 844.
Blarney, village, Ireland, ni. 807.
Castle, Cork, Ireland, vi. 405.
BlasiUS, Gerard, on birds, xvni. 7.
— — , J. H., on birds, xviii. 9, 26.
Blasphemy, in. 807.
Blast Engines, used, in metallurgy,
in. 551; XVI. 60.
Blast Furnace, ix. S40; in. 550;
XIII. 297.
Blasting, in. 808; most extensive ever
attempted, XXni. 622; in mines, xvi.
445-
Blastoccele, in animal development,
n. 51.
Blastoidea, order of Echicodermata,
VII. 638.
Blastomeres, in {uiimal development,
n. 51.
Blastospore, in animal development,
VIII. 746.
Blattid^e, group of insects, xiii. 152.
Blaxton, WiUiara, early settler at
Boston, U.S.A., iv. 73.
Blazonry, in heraldry, xi. 684, 705.
Bleaching, hi. 811; of linen yarn,
XIV. 666.
Powder, chloride of lime, v. 678.
Bleda, king of the Hims, Xll. 381.
Bleeding, as 'disease, xvni. 375.
Bleek, Friedrich, German Biblical
scholar, in. 823; on the Pentateuch,
XVIII. 506.
, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel,
African traveller and scholar, in.
824.
Bleiniere, mineral, xvi. 428.
Blekinge, 'prpvince, Sweden, v. 112;
xxii. 741.
Blemmyes, native tribes, Africa, XVII.
612.
Blende, or Zinc Blende, mineral, xvi.
392; XXIV. 785.
, Nickel, mineral, XVII. 487.
Blenheim, village, Bavaria, in. 825;
battle of (1704), III. 126; vill. 353!
IX. 581; XV. 554.
House, Oxford, England, HI.
825; XXIV. 653; Vanbrngh's design.
XXIV. 55.
Blenny, fish, xn. 690; XXI. 614.
Blesbok, kind of antelope, n. loi.
Blesensis, Petrus (Peter of Blois),
mediaeval writer, xvni. 698.
Blessington, Countess of, English
\VTiter, III. 825; her relation to Count
D'Orsay, vil. 37a
Blicher, Steen Steensen, Danish
writer, in. 825; VII. 92; xvni. 348.
Blidah, to\vn, Algeria, in. 825.
Bligh, William, English admiral and
explorer. III. 825; X. 150; XIX. 132;
xxni. 24.
Blind, The, in. 826; printing types for,
xxni. 696; associations and colleges
for, HI. 816.
Fish, in caves, xii. 693; xv.
450.
Harry, Scottish minstrel and
writer, XI. 496; XXI. 541; XXIV. 326.
Man's Buff, Wilkie's picture,
XXIV. 568.
Blindness, xvn. 784.
Blind Traveller, The (James Hoi-
man), English traveller, XII. 103.
Blistering Beetle, or Spanish
Fly, insect, vi. 133; v. 31.
Blithe, or Blythe, Walter, writer on
agricidture, I. 297, 329, 331.
Blitong (Billiton), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 677.
Bloaters, Curing of, ix. 253.
Bloch, Mark Eliezer, German natural
ist. III. 833; on fishes, xn. 632.
Block, Maurice, on statistics, xxil.
461.
BLOCKADE, in war, in. 834; xiii. 194
XXIV. 364.
Blockade-Running, in American
civil war, m. 237; xxin. 775.
Block-Books, in. 652; xxiu. 683;
printing of, XXIII. 682.
Block Machinery, hi. 833; invention
of, IV. 398; XV. 152.
Blocks, in mechanics, xv. 763.
Blocksberg, hill in Budapest, Hun-
gary, XVIII. 691.
Block System, Railway, xx. 238.
Blodite, mineral, XVI. 402.
Bloemfontein, to^^-n, CJrange River
Free State, South Africa, XVII. 813.
Bloemhoff, district, Transvaal, Sonth
Africa, xxni. 518.
Blois, town, France, in. 835; treaties
of (1504), IX. 555.
, Peter of, mediaeval theologian and
moralist, XVIII. 698.
Blomberg, or Blumberger, Barbara,
B L O— B O D
59
mother of Don John of Austria, Xlll.
716; XX. 291.
Blomfield, Charles James, bishop of
London, III. 835.
BLOMSTRANDITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
Blondel, David, French Protestant
clergyman, in. 836.
Blonie, town, Russian Poland, XXIV.
375-
Blood, of mammals, xv. 364; human,
1. 845; in relation to nutrition, XVII.
677; in relation to respiration, XX.
482; diseases of the, XVIII. 376; as
manure, I. 349; ordeal by, XVII. 819;
sacrifice of, XXI. 136; in slaughter-
houses, I. 7; Jolin Hunter's work on
the, XII. 389.
, Circulation of the, XXIV. 98 ; I.
899; XI. 503; XIV. 411; discovery of,
XV. 810; demonstrated by Harvey, I.
810; first seen by Malpighi, XV. 338;
hinted at by Mondino, I. 806; partiaU}^'
announced by Servetus, I. 810; dunnj
deep, XXII. 155; in crustacean VI.
640; in fishes, XII. 658.
, Thomas (Colonel), Pfflliainen-
.arian officer, III. 836.
Blood-Bath of Stockholm, Xi. 333.
Blood-Covenant, xxl 138.
Blood-Feud, vl 582; in relation to
totemism, XXIII. 472.
Bloodhound, vn. 328.
Blood^Lvmph, of molluscs, JCVI. 634.
Blooi>Poisoning, XXI. 666.
Blood-Rain, x. 266.
Bloodstone, mineral, L 278; Xl. 634;
XVI. 389.
Blood-Vessels, Diseases of, xxil. 683;
granulations of, xviil. 364; influence
of nerves on, XIX. 30.
Bloodwith and Fledwith, Cinque
Port right, V. 787.
Bloodwort, plant, vii. 31a
Bloody Assize, Jeffreys's, xill. 618.
&LOODV Flux, disease, VII. 584-
>Sloom, compacted mass of iron, Xlll.
327-
. , in tanning, XIV. 384.
Bloomery, iron forge, XIII. 290.
BloomfieLD, Robert, English poet, 111,
836.
Blount, Charles, English writer, HI.
836; on deism, VII. 34.
Blow, John, English musical composer,
in. 836; XX. 112.
Blowing Machines, in. 549.
Blowpipe, in. 837; Plattner's use of,
XIX. 213; oxyhydrogen, XVin. 105.
Blubber, Wbale, xxiv. 523, 529; cqu-
Bumption of, by Eskimo, Vlll. 545.
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von,
Prussian field-marshal, in. 840; xvii.
220; at Waterloo (181 5), XVll. 224.
Bludenz, to^vn, Vorarlberg, Austria,
XXIV. 297.
Blue, Pigments cf, XIX. 87; from cobalt,
■n. 62.
Blue, Prussian, dye, XX. 24.
Bluebeard, Legend of, XX. 258.
Blue-Bell, plant, xi. 478.
Blue Bflly, variety of- ferric oxide,
XIII. 2S5.
Bluecap, bird, XXIIL 419.
Blue Coat School, London, xiv. 835.
Blue Colours, in dyeing, vn. 576.
Bluefields, town, Nicaragua, xvil.
477-
Blue-Fish, fish-destroyer and food-fish,
U.S.A., IX. 267.
Blue Gum, tree, vill. 649.
Blue Jay, bird, xiii. 611.
Blue Ointment, in pharmacy, XVI.
34-
Blue Ore, clay ironstone, xill. 288
Blue Pill, in pharmacy, xvi. 34.
Blue Ridge Mountains, North Caro-
• lina and Virginia, U.S.A., xvil. 559;
XXIII. 794; XXIV. 256. '
Blue Stone, sulphate of copper, vi.
351-
Bluethro.\t, bird, XX. 318.
Blue Vitriol, sulphate of copper, xxil.
637.
Blumberger, Barbara, mother of Don
John of Austria, XIIL 716; XX. 291.
Blumenbach, Johann. Friedrich, Ger-
. man physiologist. III. 840.
Blundeville, Thomas, English geo-
grapher, XVII. 253.
Blyth, £dward, on birds, xvill. 25.
Blythe, or Blithe, WaTter, writer on
agriculture, I. 297, 329, 331.
Bo, or Sacred Fig, tree, IX. 154.
Boa, family of serpents, III. 841; XXII.
SQj.
Boa-Constrictor, snake, xxii. 195;
XX. 144.
BOADES, Bemat, Catalan historian, xxil.
364-
BOADICEA, British queen, III. 841; IV.
353-
Boanerges, the apostles James and
John, XIII. 552.
Boar, Wild, family of mammals, in.
841; XXII. 773.
iSoard of Green' Cloth, xxi. 37.
Board of Trade, English, xvi. 474;
XXIII. 497; American difiiculties with,
XXIII. 733, 736.
Bo-ivt, XXI. 804, 825; for racing, xxL
31; whale, XXIV. 526; of ■w-icker-work,
in. 421.
Bo.\TBlLL, bird, XI. 762.
Boatbuilding, xxi. 825.
Boat-Racing, xxi. 30.
Boatswain, his duties, xvil. 293.
Boatswain-Bird, xxii. 125; xxiii.
588.
Boat-Tail, bird, xi. 27.
Boa Vista, one of the Cape Verd Islands,
V. 52.
, suburb of Pemambuco, Brazil,
XVIII. 551.
BOAZ, of Scripture, XXL ill.
Bobadilla, Francisco de, governor of
Hispaniola, VI. 175.
Bobbili, town, India, XXIV. 267.
Bobolink, North- American bird, xviu.
53-
Bobroff, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
Bobruisk, town, Russia, iii. 842.
BoBRZYNSKi, Michael. Polish historian,
XIX. 305.
Bob-White, bird, xx. 147.
Bocage, district, France, XV. 458.
Bocasoti, mediaeval sect, IX. 725.
Boccaccino, Boccaccio, Italian painter,
XXI. 437.
Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian writer,
ni. 842; XIII. 504; Petrarch's friend-
ship with, XVIII. 708; Ms place in the
Renaissance, xx. 385.
BOCCALINI, Trajano, Italian satirist,- IIL
846.
BocCARDO, Girolamo, Italian econo-
mist, XIX. 387.
BoccHUS, king of Mauretania, xin. 766.
BoccoNio, Marino, Venetian conspira-
tor, XXIV. 143.
BocHART, Samuel, Oriental scholar, IIL
847.
BOCHNIA, town, Austria, III. 847.
BocHUM, town, Prussia, III. 847.
BocKHOLD, Johann (John of LeydenX
Anabaptist, I. 787.
Booklet, Bavaria, mineral water of,
XVI. 434.
Boc-Land, or Bookland, in English law,
IX. 357; vin. 275.
BocsKAY, Stephen, Ti-ausylvauian
prince, XII. 369.
BoD, Country of, native name of Tibet,
xx-ill. 338.
BODDAERT, Petrus, on birds, XVIIL 7.
Bode, Johann Elert, German astro
noraer, in. 847; his law of planetary
distances, II. 806.
Bodenite, mineral, XVI. 410.
Bodensee, or Lake of Constance, Vi
297.
Bodenstein, Andreas Rudolf (Carl.
stadt), German Reformer, v. 113; oi
the canon of Scripture, v. 14.
Bodh, Syriac writer, XXII. 837.
Bodhnatha, town, Nepal, XVII. 342.
Bodies, Physical constitution of, vv
310.
Bodily Energy, its source, xix. 9.
Bodin, Jean, French economist, II .
847; IX. 655; XIX. 356.
Bodisatship, in Buddliism, xiv. 226.
Bodjo, town, Sumbaya, IndiaTi Arclu->
pelago, XXII. 641.
Bodleian Library, Oxford, in. 848;
XIV. 519; XVIII. 95.
BodleV, Sir Thomas, founder of Bod
leian library, IIL 84S; xvni. 95.
Bodmer, J. J., Swiss critic and poet,
X. 533; XVIL 476; XXII. 797; hii
relations with Wieland, xxiv. 558.
BODMIN, town, England, ill. 8/t8.
60
B O D — B O L
BoDONi. GimibattisU, Italian jiauiter,
III. 849.
Bod-Pas, people of Tibet, xxiil. 338.
Bod-Skad, language of Tibet, XXIII.
346.
BoDTCHER, Ludwig Adolf, Danish poet,
VII. 92.
Body, The human, Process of repair in,
XVIII. 363; theories of its relations
to the soul, xviu. 843.
BOD-YUL, district, Tibet, XXIII. 338.
BOE, Francis de le (Sylvius), Dutch
physician, xv. 810.
BOECE, Hector, Scottish historian. III.
849; XXI. 541.
BoECK, C. W.. Norwegian physiologist,
XVII. 592.
BOECKH, August, German scholar, III.
850; on Greek inscriptions, XIII. 122.
BOEHM, Martin, Mennonite preacher,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xxiii. 727.
, Theobald, his improvements in
flute construction, XVII. 98; XXIII.
521.
BOEHME, Jakob, German mystic, III.
852; X. 529; xvii. 134; XXIII. 245,
278.
BOENDALE, Jan van, Dutch writer, Xll.
90.
BCEOTIA, country, ancient Greece, III.
854; XXIII. 229; coins of, XVII. 642.
BCEOTIAN, dialect of Greek, XI. 132.
BOERHAAVE, Hermann, Dutch physi-
cian, III. 854; XV. 812.
BoERO (Burn), island, Indian Archi-
pelago, IV. 572.
BoERS, in Cape Colony, v. 45; Orange
Free State, XVII. 813; Transvaal,
XXIII. 5^1 8.
BoiiTi-E, Etienne de la, French wHter,
IX. 655.
BoETius, Anicius Manlius Severinus,
Roman statesman and philosopher. III.
855; XXI. 430; on music, XVII. 80; on
numerals, XVII. 626; King Alfred's
translation of his work, I. 507.
BOGAERS, Adrianus, Dutch poet, XII. 97.
BOGBUTTER, mineral, XVI. 429; found
in peat, I. 154.
300DAN, voivode of Moldavia, XXI. 19.
BOGDANOViCH, Ippolyt F., Russian
poet, XXI. 106.
Boghaz-Keuy, town, Asia Minor, in.
858; XVIII. 850.
Boghead Mineral, source of paraffin,
XVIII. 240.
Bog Iron Ore, jciii. 285, 287.
Bogle, George, traveller in Tibet, XXlll.
338.
Bog-Moss, plant, xvii. 65.
Bog-Oak, wood, xvii. 691.
BOGODUKHOFF, town, Russia, III. 858.
Bog of Allen, Ireland, I. 582.
BOGOLIUBSKI, Andrew, prince of Suzdal,
Russia, XXI. 89.
BOGOMiL, biographer of Justiuian,xxiii.
276.
BOGOMILI, heretical sect, Greek Church,
III. 858; XV. 487.
Bogong, mountain, Victoria, Australia.
XXIV. 215.
BoGORis, king of Bulgaria, xvii. 483
BOGORODITSK, town, Russia, XXIII. 605.
BOGOSLOVSKITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
Bogota, capital of Colombia, IIL 858.
Bogra, district, India, III. 859.
Bogs, Reclamation of, i. 403.
Bogutchary, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
BOHADDIN, or Boha-Eddyn, Arabian
writer and statesman. III. 859.
Bohaeddin, Moktana, Druse apostle,
VII. 484.
Bohea Tea, v. 636; xxiii. 99.
BOHEIRA, lake, Tunis, XXIII. 621.
Bohemia, hi. 860; its connexion mth
Silesia, XXII. 51; the Reformation in,
XX. 336; language, xxiL'isi; dic-
tionaries of language, vil. 188; litera,-
ture, XXII. 151; XVIII. 543;" Palacky's
contributions to history of, xviil. 142.
Bohemian Brethren, xix. 697.
Bohemianism, Literary, xvii. 54.
Bohemians, xxii. 145, 147.
Bohemond, Marc, crusader. III. 861 ;
VI. 624- IX. 538.
BoHL VON Faber, Cecilia, Spanish
novelist, viii. 833.
Bohme, or Boehme, Jakob, German
mystic. III. 852; X. 529; XVII. 134;
XXIII. 245, 278.
, Prof., Goethe's relations with, X.
722.
B6HMEN (Bohemia, q.v.), III. 860.
Bohmeria, plant, xx. 506.
BOHOL, island, Philippines, XVIII. 752.
BOHTAN Su, affluent of the Tigris,
XXIII. 387.
BoiARDO, Matteo Maria, Italian poet,
III. 862; II. 503; VII. 418; XIII. 508;
Panizzi's editions of his Orlando,
XVIII. 212.
BoiARS, class of Russian aristocracy,
XXI. 81, 92, 95; in Moldavia, XXL
20.
BoiD^, family of snakes, XXII. IQ3,
195.
BoiELDlEU, Francois Adrien, French
musical composer. III. 862.
Boil, ancient Celtic people, III. 863; XIII.
446.
BoiLEAU, fitienne, founder of industrial
guilds in Paris, xviii. 288.
Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas, French
writer. III. 863; IX. 657; as satirist,
XXI. 319; his relations with Racine,
XX. 204.
Boiler, for plant-houses, xil. 228; for
steam-engine, XXII. 496 ; improve-
ments in, for smoke abatement, xxil.
i8i.
Boiling, of meat, VI. 332.
BoiLiNG-PoiNT, VIII. 728; of water at
different heights, III. 387; measure-
ment of, XX. 130, 134.
Boineburg, Johann Christian von, his
relations \vith Leibnitz, xiv. 418.
Bois, John, translator of Ejiglish Bible,
IV. 186.
Bois-BrOl^s, French-Indian half-
breeds, XX. 315.
Bois de Boulogne, Paris, xviii. 275.
Bois de Vincennes, Paris, xviii. 276.
Boisguillebert, Pierre. French econo-
mist, XIX. yji
Bois-le-Duc, town, Holland, lii. 864.
BoisSARD, Jean Jacques. French scholar,
III. 864.
BoissoNADE, Jean Fran9oi3. French
scholar, III. 864.
Boisv, Francois de (St Francis of Silea),
IX. 695.
BojA, mediaeval race, Africa, XXII. 615.
BojANUS, Organ of, in MoUusca, XVI.
692, 695.
BojUK Mender, rivet, Asia Minor, 11.
708.
Bokhara, country and town. Central
Asia, IV. i; xvilL loi; conquest of,
by Alexander, XV. 141.
BOKHARI, Moslem jurist, XVI. 594.
Bolan, river, Baluchistan, III. 302.
BoLANOS, Franciscan missionary to
Paraguay, xviii. 245.
BOLBEC, town, France, IV. 4; XXI. 626.
BOLDENSELE, William of, German
mediaaval traveller, XV. 474.
Bole, mineral, XVI. 425.
BoLESLAW, or Boleslaus, I., king of
Poland, XIX. 286; X. 486.
II., of Poland, XIX. 286.
III.-V., of Poland, XIX. 287.
BOLEYN, Anne, wife of. Henry VIII. of
England, Iv. 4; VIII. 336; XL 664;
Cranmer's relations with, VI. 549.
BOLI, tovm, Asiatic Turkey, IV. 4.
Bolide, meteor, xvi. 108.
BOLINGBROKE, Viscount (Henry St
John), IV. 4; Burke's satirical imita-
tion of, IV. 539; his deism, vii. 35;
his relations with Harley, XVIII. 100;
with SwiTt, XXII. 764.
Bolivar, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
, Simon, South-American liberator,
IV. 7; in Peru, XV 1 1 1)678.
Bolivia, country. South America, iv.
10; L 713; burial towers in, IL 452;
Indian tribes, XII. 828.
Bolivite, mineral, XVI. 396.
BOLKHOFF, town, Russia, XVII. 826.
BoLLAND, John, Jesuit father, IV. 18.
Bollandist Fathers, authors of Acta
Sanctorum, iv. 18.
Bologna, province, Italy, IV. 19.
, town, Italy, iv. 19; concordat of
(1516), XIX. 503; sittings of council
of Trent at (1547), XXIIL 546; early
law school, IV. 517; library, XIV. 530,
548; museum, 1. 475; observatory,
XVII. 714; school of painting, XXI.
437, 443; pictures, XXI. 447; sculp-
ture, XIX. 124; university, XXIII. 832.
B O L — B O N
61
*OLOGNA, Giovanni da, sculptor, IV. ig;
XXI. 569.
Ph'als, illustrative of aniaealing,
II. 63.
BoLOGNE, Jean (Giovanni da Bologna),
sculptor, IV. 19; XXI. 569.
BOLOR (Kashkar), st^te. Central Asia,
xlv. 9.
BOLSEC, Jerome, hia controversy with
Calvin, IV. 718.
BOLSENA, town, Italy, iv. 20.
BOLSHOYE, lake, Siberia, XXIV. 742.
BOLSHOY TOKMAK, town, Russia, XXIII.
83.
BOLSON DE Mapimi, district, Mexico,
XVI. 216.
Bolton, town, Lancashire, England,
IV. 20.
Abbey, Yorkshire, England, XXIV.
749-
Castle, Yorkshire, England,
XXIV. 749.
BoLTONiTE, mineral, xvi. 410.
Bolts, law exercises, XIII. 88.
Boltzmann, L., his electrical measare-
ments, viil. 37; on radiation, XX. 216;
on strains in solids, VI. 312.
Bolzano, town, Austria, I v. 169.
, Bernhard, Catholic theologian, iv.
30.
Bomarsund, fortress. Aland Islands,
Russia, I. 441.
Bomba, harbour, Tripoli, North Africa,
XXIIL 575.
, nickname of Ferdinand II., king
of Naples, IX. 79; XIII. 489.
BOMBARDES, ancient cannon, II. 557.
Bombardier, beetle, vi. 129.
Bombardt, musical instrument, XVII.
706.
Bombay, presidency, India, IV. 21;
acquisition of, XII. 799; army, II. 590.
, town, India, IV. 25; Jewish settle-
ment in, XIII. 685; libraries, XIV.
533; newspapers, XVII. 432; Parsees
in, XVIII. 327; university, XXIII. 856.
Bombelli, R., his work on algebra, I.
514.
Bomberg, Daniel, Venetian pHnter, xix.
176; his Hebrew Bibles, III. 647.
Bombon, lake, Philippine Islands, XVIII.
.749-
BOMSUS, genus of bees, XII. 342.
BoMBYX Mori, silkworm, xxii. 57.
BOMVANILAND, territory. South Africa,
XIII. 817.
Bon, Bartolomeo, Venetian eculptor,
XXI. 568.
Bona, town, Algeria, IV. 31.
BONABE, island. Pacific Ocean, XVI.
257.
Bonafede, Paganino, Italian p<5et, Xin.
506.
Bonagratia, Franciscan, xviI. 717.
BONAI, tributary state, India, V. 769.
Bonaire, island. West Indies, xxiv.
i;io.
BONALD, Vicomte de, French philo-
sopher, IV. 27; IX. 672.
Bonannus, Italian metal-worker, xvi.
74, 760.
Bonanza, rich mineral lode, xvi. 441;
XVII. 368.
Bonaparte, Coraican family, iv. 27;
XXI. 192.
, Charles Lucien, naturalist, IV. 29;
on birds, xviii. 14, 16, 17, 31.
, Francois Charles Joseph (Napoleon
II.), XVII. 226.
, Jerome, king of Westphalia, IV. 30.
, Joseph, king of Naples and Spain,
IV. 27; IX. 616; XVII. 191; xxiL 344.
, Louis, king of Holland, IV. 29.
, Louis Lucien, philologist, IV. 29.
, Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III.,
q.V; emperor of the French), XVII,
226; IV. 29; IX. 622; his intervention
in Italy, XIII. 490.
, Lucien, prince of Canino, IV. 28;
ambassador to Spain, XIX. 550.
, Marie Anne Elisa, sister of
Napoleon I., IV. 29.
, Marie Annonciade Caroline, wife
of Murat, IV. 30.
, Marie Pauline, sister of Napoleon
I., IV. 29.
, Napoleon (Napoleon I., q.v., empe-
ror of the French), XVII. 192; IX, 608;
his campaigns against Austria, III.
130; his rule in Italy, XIII. 485; his
invasion of Russia, XXI. 100.
, Pierre Napoleon, adventurer, IV.
29.
Bona Sforza, queen of Poland, X15C.
290.
Bonaventura, St, theologian and
philosopher, IV. 30; XVI. 710; XXI.
427; his mystical teaching, XVii. 132.
Bonaventure, island, Canada, XX.
165.
Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland, xvil.
383-
Bond, Henry, his contributions to
navigation, xvn. 255.
Bondar, Swedish landed freemen,
XXII. 744.
Bondmen, European peasants, i. 294.
Bondone, Giotto di (Giotto), Italian
painter, X. 609; XXI. 434.
Bondu, kingdom, West Africa, IV. 31.
BonduC Nut, xvil 664.
Bone, xxii. 109; i. 853; diseases of,
XXII. 684; fracture of, XXII. 681, 684;
repair. of broken, XVlil. 366; tumours
of, XVUI. 370; of fishes, XII. 640; of
mammals, xv. 355; for gelatin
making, X, 132; coloured by madder-
feeding, XV. 176; Duhamel's experi-
ments on, VII. 518. See Bones.
, town, Algeria, IV. 31.
, Henry, English enamel painter, IV.
32; VIII. 185.
Bone-Black, V. 399.
Bone-Caves, v. 267.
Bone Naphtha, xvil 175.
Bone Phosphates, of Charleston,
■U.S.A., V. 428.
Boner (Bonner), Edmund, bishop of
London, IV. 34; Vlli. 338, 340.
Bones, as manure, i. 305, 347; xv.
512; as source of phosphorus, XViil.
815.
Bo'NESS (Borrowstounness), town, Scot-
land, IV. 65.
BoNFiGLl, Benedetto, Itabau painter,
IV. 32; XXI. 436.
Bonga, to^vn, Central Afitica, Xill. 816.
Bongo, people, Central Africa, IV. 32.
BONI, kingdom, Celebes, IV. 32; V. 288;
bay of, V. 287.
Boniface, St, apostle «f Germany, iv.
33i X- 478.
I., pope, IV. 33; XIX. 491.
II., pope, IV. 33; XIX. 492.
III., pope, IV. 33; XIX. 494.
IV.-Vl., popes, IV. 33.
VII., pope, IV. 33; XIX. 497.
VIII., pope, IV. 33; XIII. 476; XIX.
501 ; XX. 798; his quarrel with Philip
IV. of France, IX. 544.
IX., pope, IV. 33; XX. 803.
. prince of Savoy, XXI. 339.
, marquis of Tuscany, XXIII. 671.
Bonifacio, town, Corsica, iv. 33; strait
of, XXI. 307.
BoNi Mores, in Roman law,-xx. 671.
BoNiN Islands, Japan, xiii. 569, 570;
XVIIL 128.
BoNiTO, fish, XXIII. 625.
BoN-MOTSr ana, I. 784.
Bonn, town, Rhenish Prussia, IV. 33;
observatory, XVII. 712; university,
XXIIL 848.
, Andrew, on the anatomy of mem-
branes, I. 814.
BonnateRre, Pierre Jean, on birds,
xviii. 7.
Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London,
IV. 34; viii. 338, 340.
Bonnet, head-dress, vi. 476; straw-
plaiting for, XXII. 593.
, Charles, Swiss naturalist and philo-
sopher, IV. 35; xxiL 799; XXIV. 806;
on development of germs, VIIL 745,760.
BONNETTE, in fortification, IX. 427.
BonnEval, Comte de, French adven-
turer, IV. 36.
Bonneville, town, France, xxi. 333.
, Lake, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 19.
Bonnivard, Fran9oi3 de (Prisoner of
Chillon), Swiss writer, IV. 36; XXII.
797-
Bono of Ferrara, Italian painter, xv. 501.
Bononia (Widdin), Roman town, Bul-
garia, XXIV. 558.
BONPA Religion, in Tibet, xxill. 344,
Bon Pays, district, France, xvii. 496.
BONPLAND, mountain, Nevada, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 798.
, Aime. French bota.ii8t and tra-
veller, IV. 36.
62
B O N — B O R
BONSDORFITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
BONSTETTEN, Charles Victor de, Swiss
writer, iv. 36.
BONTEBOK, kind of antelope, II. loi.
Bont'HAIN, Peak of, Celebes, v. 28S.
Bonus, in life assurance, xiii. 178.
BONVECINO of Riva, Italian p9et, XIII.
499-
BONVICINO, Alessandro (11 Moretto),
Italian painter, XVI. 821; XXI. 436.
BoOBY, bird, X. 71.
Book, iv. 37; iil. 651. See Books.
OF Armagh, Irish MS., xviii. 158,
413.
OF Canons, Scotfi^ liturgy, xxi;
511.
OF Changes, Chinese, v. 660.
OF Common PRA\-ER,Euglish,viii.
379-
OF THE Covenant, in the Penta-
teuch, XVIII. 509.
OF Days, by Chambers, v. 381.
OF Deer, Celtic, XIV. 709.
OF DiMMA, Irish MS., XVIII. 158.
OF Discipline, Scottish, xxi. 503.
OF History, Chinese, v. 660.
OF Husbandry, Fitzherbert'a, I.
295.
OF Invasions, Irish legends, xiii.
243.
OF Kells, Irish MS.j xviii. 158.
OF Leinster, Irish, XIII. 246.
OF LISMOR^ XIV. 694.
OF Martyrs, Foxe's, IX. 503.
OF Mormon, xvi. 826.
OF Odes, Chinese, v. 665.
OF Rites, Chinese, v. 661.
OF Surveying, Fitzherbert's, i.
296.
OF the Thorn Rose, by Alm-
qvist, I. 596.
Bookbinding, iv. 41; xiv. 538.
Bookcases, xiv. 536.
Book Catalogues, xiv. 537, 539.
Book-Keeping, IV. 44.
Bookl.\ND, in mediaeval England, VIII.
275; IX. 357.
Book-Louse,.xiii. 152.
BookmaKING, in betting. III. 61 8.
Book-Post, xix. 571.
Books, Ancient forms of, xviii. 144;
anonymous and pseudonymous. III.
657; classification of. III. 661; cleaning
of. III. 821 ; ccmdemned and prohibited,
III. 658; copyright in, VI. 357; famous,
included in chronological table, v. 720;
early printed. III. 652; early printing
of, XXIII. 686; prpliibited. III. 65S;
XII. 730; rare and curious, iii. 654;
selection of, for libraries, XIV. 540.
Bookselling, iv. 39.
Book Trade, in Europe, x. 472 ; at Leip-
dc, XIV. 430.
Boolak (Bulak), ton-n, Egypt, VII. 769;
museum at, XV. 543.
Boole, George, English mathematician
and logician, IV. 47.
Boom, for harbours, XI. 463.
— — , for supporting sails, XXI. 153.
, town^ Belgium, iv. 48.
Boomah Nut, xvii._664.
Boomerang, Australian missile, IV. 48 ;
in. 113.
BooNDEE (Bundi), state, India, iv. 521.
Boone, Daniel, American pioneer, XXIII.
739> 78S.
, Nicholas, American jonmalist,
XVII. 433.
Boorue, Andrew, jester, IX. 366.
Boot, The, torture, xxiii. 466.
Booth, Barton, English tragedian, I v. 48.
, Felix, promoter of Arctic explora-
tion, XIX. 320.
, John Wilkes, assa-ssin of Pi-esident
Lincoln, XIV. 662.
Boothia Felix, peninsula. North
America, IV. 49.
Bootle, town, England, xiv. 715.
Boot-Making, xxi. 830.
Booty, in war, xix. 766.
BOPP, Frauj!, German philologist, IV. 49;
on Aryan philology, XVIII. 781.
BoQUE, river, Canteii; v. 37.
Bora, Catherine von, wife of Luther,
XV. 79.
Bora-Bora, island, South Pacific, xxiii.
22.
Boracite, mineral, xvi. 396; xix. 588;
polarity of, XIX. 313.
Borahs, class of Mohammedans, India,
XII. 746.
BORAITHO, piece of Mishnic literature,
XVI. 508.
BORAN, queen of Persia, XVIII. 615.
Borates, group of minerals, xvi. 396.
BoRAX, mineral, iv. 50; xvi. 396.
BORBETOMAGUS (Worms), Roman
town, Germany, xxiv. 6S5.
BORCETTE (Burtscheid), town, Prussia,
IV. 572.
BORDA, Jean' Charles, French mathe-
matician, IV. 51.
BORDE-^UX, town, France, iv. 51;
assembly of (1871), IX. 627; lib-
raries, XIV. 526, 545; university,
XXIII. S42.
Wine (Medoc), xxiv. 604.
Borderers, The, Words^vorth's poem,
XXIV. 669.
BORDONI, Faustina, Italian singer, Xi.
^510.
Bore, in rivers, xxill. 353.
Boreas, in Greek mytholc^, IV. 53;
III. 59.
Borecole, vegetable, xii. 279.
BOREIDA; town, Arabia, XVII. 774.
BOREL, count of Barcelona, XXII. 74.
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian
physician, IV. 53; VII. 128; XV. 810;
tin the circulation of the blood, XXIV.
96; on the principles of flight, I. 186;
IX. 317.
BOREZ, hag-fish, XI. 370.
BORG.A, town, Russian Finland, iv. 53.
BORGERHOUr, town, Belgium, iv. 53.
Bor-Ghat, pass, India, Xll. 734.
BORGHESE, Italian family, iv. 53.
, CamiUo (Pope Paul V.), XViil. 431.
BORGHESi, Scipione, Italian historian,
XXIL 43.-'
BORGHOLM, town, Oland, Sweden, xvii.
752.
BORGI.\, Alphonso de (Pope Calistns
III.), IV. 707.
, Caesar, son of Pope Alexander VI.,
IV. 53; I. 4S7, 489; XIII. 481; his
influence in France, IX. 554; Machi-
avelli's idealization of him, xv. 147.
, St Francis, general of the Jesuits
IX. 694; xiH. 653.
, Lucretia, daughter of Pope Alex-
ander VI., IV. 53; I. 487, 489.
, Rodrigo (Pope Alexander VI.), I.
487.
Map, of 15th century, x. 180.
BORGNE, lake, Louisiana, XV. 2a
BORGO, town, Russian Finland, IV. 53.
• BORGOGNO^E, Ambrogio, Italian pain-
ter, IX 472; XXI. 437.
BORGO San Donnino, town, Italy, iv.
54-
BORGS, ancient forts, Orkney and Shet-
land, XVII. 848.
BORGU, district. Central Africa, iv. 54.
BORGUE, Scotland, ancient fort at, Xiv.
98.
Boric Acid, v. 520.
BORIN.AGE, district, Belgium, xvi. 761.
Boring, in mining, xvi. 443; vl 61.
M.\CHINES, XV. 156; XVI. 443.
BORINQUEN (Porto Rico), island, West
Indies, XIX. 533!
Boris Godunoff, czar of Russia, xxi.
93-
Borisoff, town, Russia, XVI. 479.
BORISSOGLIEBSK, town, Russia, IV. 54;
VCiil.^ti.
BORKH.A.USEN, M. B., On German birds,
XVIII. 9.
BORKU, district. Central Africa, IV. 54.
BORL-ASE, WiUiam, English naturalist,
?> 54-
BORLASI.A, genus of worms, XVII. 326.
BORMIO, town, ValteUina, North Italy,
XXIV. 45; mineral water of, xvi. 433;
XXIV. 45.
Born, Ignatius, Baron von, Austrian
mineralogist, IV. 55.
Borne, H., French potter, xix. 63a
Borne, Ludwig, German satirist, iv.
55-
Borneo, island, Indian Archipelago, iv.
55; II. 687; birds of, in. 763; coal-
fields, VI. 59; forests, IX. 405.
, British North, -XXI. 123.
C0R.AL Islands, Indian Ocean,
XIV. 26.
Bornhauser, T., Swiss peet xxiL
799-
Bornholm, island, Denmaik, iv. 6a
Bornite, mineral, xvi. 393.
B O R — B O U
63
BORNU, or Bornou, kingdom, Central
Africa, iv. 60; I. 271; xxil. 279.
BOROCALCITE, mineral, XVI. 396.
Borodino, Russia, Battle of (1812), ix.
616; XVII. 217; XXI. lOI.
Boron, chemical element, v. 5.20, 532;
modifications of, xxiv. 627.
Boronatrocalcite, mineral, iv. 50.
BoRO-PooLOO, silkworm of Bengal,
XXIL 60.
Borough, iv. 62; municipal, xvii. 27.
, The, Crabbe's poem, VI. 540.
BOROUGH-ENGLISH, succession custom,
rv. 64; XIX. 733.
BOROVICHI, town, Russia, IV. 64.
BOROVSK, town, Russia, iv. 64.
Borromean Islands, Lago Maggiore,
Italy, IV. 64; XV. 1 98.
Borromeo, Carlo, saint and cardinal,
IV. 65; XXII. 791; his treatment of the
Jesuits, XIII. 650.
BORROMINI, Francesco, Italian architect,
IV. 65.
BoRRON, Helie de, French romancist-
XX. 645.
, Robert de, French romancLst, XX.
644.
Borrowing, Ancient conditions of,
XXIV. 18.
Borrowstounness or Bo'ness, town,
Scotland, IV. 65.
BORSIPPA, suburb of Babylon, III. 183.
BoRSO, duke of Modena, patron of
literature, VIII. 558; XVI. 542.
Borulwaski, Polish dwarf, VII. 568.
Borussians, tribes, Lithuania, XIV.
701.
Borv de Saint - Vincent, Frencn
naturalist, iv. 66.
Borysthenes (Dnieper), river, Russia,
VII. 306.
Borysthenis, Greek colony, Scythia.
XVII. 753.
Borzna, town, Russia, xxill. 90.
Bosa, town, Sardinia, iv. 66.
Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume,
French naturalist, IV. 66.
Boscan, Juan, Spanish poet, IV. 66;
xxii. 357, 363.
BOSCAWEN, Edward, British admiral,
IV. 66.
Bosch, Johannes van den, governor of
Dutch East Indies, XII. 820; his cul-
tiu^ system in Java, XIII. 604.
Boschetto, architect of Pisa cathedral,
XIX. 122.
Bosch Veld, bush country, Transvaal,
XXIII. 518.
Boscovich, Roger Joseph, Italian
mathematician, IV. 67; his theory of
atoms, III. 37.
Boselaphus, genus of antelopes, xvii.
688.
Bos Gritoniens, ruminant mammal,
XXIV. 725.
Bosheth, for Baal, in Hebrew proper
names, iii. 175.
Bosio, Antonio, on the Catacombs of
Rome, V. 207.
, Joseph, French sculptor, XXI. 564.
Bosjesmans (Bushmen), African race,
IV. 575; I. 264.
Bosna Serai, town, European Turkey,
IV. 68.
Bosnia, province, Turkey, iv. 68; ac-
quired by Austria, xxiil. 652.
Bosphorus, strait, iv. 68; in. 797; xv.
820.
, Kingdom of the, XIV. 54 ; coins
of, XVII. 645.
Boss, in architecture, II. 461.
Bossi, Giuseppe, Italian painter and
critic, IV, 6g.
, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, Baron de,
Italian poet, iv. 6g.
Bossu, Ren^ le, French critic, iv. 69.
Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, French
ecclesiastic and orator, IV. 70; IX. 662;
his four propositions, IX. 578.
Boston, town, England, IV. 72.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., iv.
72; XXIII. 822; revolutionary move-
ment at (1768-70), VIII. 358; XXIII.
738; institution for the blind. III. 830;
libraries, XIV. 535, 550; newspapers,
XVII. 433.
, Thomas, Scottish divine, IV. 77.
Bostrom, Kristofer Jakob, Swedish
phUosopher, XXIL 757.
Boswell, James, biographer of John-
son, IV. 77; XIII. 726; Croker's edition
of his life of Johnson, VI. 595.
Boswellia, genus of gum-yielding
trees, ix. 709.
BoszoRM^NY, Hajdu, town, Hungary,
XI. 377.
Botanical Societies, xxii. 225.
Botanic Gardens, their institution,
IV. 80; at Kew, England, xiv. 55.
Botany, iv. 79 (index, 162); xix. 43;
XX. 423; xxiv. 124; scope of the
science, XXIV. 799; of America, I. 684;
European, Viii. 690; of Himalayas, XI.
831; C^salpinus's work on, IV. 633;
Brown's contributions to, IV. 386; De
Candolle's, vn. 18; Jussieu'.s, XIII.
788; LinnsBUs's, XIV. 673; Lindle/s,
XIV. 663; Ray's, XX. 301; Sprengel's,
XXII. 432 ; Theophrastus's, xxiii.
277-
Bay, settlement. New South Wales,
IV. 164; XXII. 806.
BOTAURUS, genus of birds, xi. 761.
Bot-Fly, VII. 256; its larva parasitic,
XXIV. 205.
Both, Pieter, governor of Dutch East
Indies, XII. 820.
Bothkamp, Germany, observatory at,
XVH. 712.
Bothnia, province, Sweden, iv. 164.
, Gulf of, III. 294; XXII. 738.
Bothriocephalus, genus of tape-
worms, XXIII. 54 ; spermatozoon of,
XX. 411.
Bothwell, village, Scotland, IV. 164.
, Earl of, IV. 164; xv. 595; his re-
lations with Mary, queen of Scots,
XXI. 504.
Bridge, Scotland, Battle of (1679),
XIV. 251; XXI. 516.
Bothy System, in Scotland, i. 409.
Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo,
Italian historian, IV. 164; Xlll. 514.
, Paul Emile, his Assyrian re-
searches, IV. 165.
Bottger, Frederick^ discoverer of porce-
lain, XIX. 639; XXI. 355.
Botticelli. Sandro, Italian painter, iv.
165.
BOTTIGER, Karl. August, German arch-
seologist, IV. 167.
Bottle, iv. 167; manufacture, x. 66i.
BOTTLENOSE, bird, XX. lOI.
, or True Dolphin, vn. 346; xv.
399-
Whale, xxiv. 525, 528. See also
XV. 397.
Bottom Fishing, in angling, 11. 33.
Bottom-Ice, in the Baltic, III. 295.
Bottomry, maritime contract, iv. 167;
III. 148.
BotrylliDjE, faipily of Tunicata, xxiii.
617.
Botryogene, mineral, xvi. 402.
Botryolite, mineral, xvi. 409.
BOTY'S Lamp, for coal-mines, VI. 73.
Botzen, town, Austria, IV. 169.
BOUALI, town, Africa, IV. 178.
BoucHES - DU - Rh6ne, department,
France, IV. 169.
Bouchet, Jean, French poet, XX. 194.
BOUCNEMIA (Elephantiasis), disease,
VIII. 126.
B0UFARIK,town, Algeria, IV. 169.
BouFLERS, Due de, marshal of France,
IV. 169; IX. 581.
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de,
French circumnavigator,' IV. 169;
explorer of Tahiti, XXIII. 24.
Island, South Pacific, xxii. 252.
Bougie, town, Algeria, iv. 170.
BOUGUER, Pierre, French mathe-
matician, IV. .170; II. 757; viL 598;
his wind-pressure guage, II. 24.
BouHOURS, Dominique, French critic,
IV. 170.
Bouillon, Godfrey de, crusader iv.
171; VI. 624.
Boulainvilliers, Henri de, French
writer, IV. 171; ix. 667.
Boulangerite, mineral, XVL 395.
Boulder-Clay, geological formation,
X. 367.
Boulders, x. 368; in the Baltic, in.
295; X. 367. See also x. 281, ^85.
BOULE, Andre Charles, inventor of buhl-
work, IV. 446.
BouLENGER, G. A., hifl classification of
reptiles, XX. 439.
BOULEUTERION, council-halL at Olym-
pia, Greece, XVII. 767.
64
B 0 U — B O Y
BOULINIKON, floorcloth, IX. 330.
Boulogne-SUR-Mer, tpivn, France, iv.
171; XVIII. 339; Louis Napoleon's
landing at (1840), xvii. 227.
Boulogne-sur-Seine, town, France,
XXI. 624.
BouLOU, spa, France, XX. 128.
BouLOUS, tribe, West Coast, Africa, x. 3.
BoULTON, Matlhe.w, English engineer,
IV. 172; XXIV. 413.
Bounty, Mutiny of the, iii. 826; xix.
132.
Bourbon, island, Indian Ocean, XX,49i.
, House of, IV. 173; connexion with
Capet' family, v. 55; their rule in
France, IX. 565; in Italy, xiii. 484;
XVII. 191; their restoration (181 5), ix.
618; XVII. 223; the Family Compacts,
V. 681; IX. 590; XXII. 338; princes of
Cond^, VI. 244; princes of Conti, VI.
319-
" , Charles de, constable of France, IX.
556.
, Louis August de, French savant,
XVIII. 539.
Bourbon- Lancy, spa, France, xxi. 302.
Bourbon-l'Arch.\mb.\ult, tow-n,
France, I v. 174.
BoURBONNE-tES-B.\iNS, tosTi, France,
IV. 174; XV. 562; mineral water of,
xvi. 434.
BouRBOULE, La, spa, France, XX. 120;
mineral water of, XVI. 435.
BOURCHIER, John, English writer, IV.
174.
BOURDALOUE, Louis, French preacher,
IV. 174; IX. 662.
BoURDEiLLES, Pierre de (Brantome),
French historian, IV. 216.
BotrRDELOT,his influence with Christina
of Sweden, V. 703.
Bourdon, organ stop, xvii. 830.
BOURDU, J., French potter, XIX. 630.
BOURG, town, France, IV. 175.
BOURGAS, to^m, Turkey, IV. 176.
BourgelaT, Claude, French veterin-
arian, IV. 176; XXIV. 198.
BouRGERY,- Marc J., his treatise on
anatomy, i. 817.
BouRGES, town, France, iv. 176; uni-
versity of, XXIII. 842.
BOURGET, lake, France, x-IV. 218.
Bourg-LaSTIc, coal-mines, France, XX.
120.
BOURGOGNE (Burgundy, q.v.), province,
France, iv. 535.
BouRGUET, Louis, Swiss writer, XXII.
798.
BoURlGNl.\NiSM, heresy, iv. 177.
BOURIGNON, Antoinette, French enthu-
siast, IV. 176.
BoURMONT, Comte de, his expedition
against Algiers, I. 566.
BOURNE, intermittent spring, Croydon,
England, VI. 621.
, Hugh, founder of Primitive
Methodism, xvi. 192.
BOURNE, Nicholas, publisher of early
English newspaper, XVII. 413.
, Vincent, English writer of Latin
verse, iv. 177.
, William, English writer on naviga-
tion, XIV. 769.
Bournemouth, town, Hampshire, iv.
177.
Bournonite. mineral, XI v. 375; XVi.
395-
Bouro, island, Indian Archipelago, IV.
572-
Bouron, Eol)ert of, French romancist,
XX. 644.
Bourou, Cape, New Guinea, xvil. 386.
Bourrienne, Louis A. F. de, biographer
of Napoleon I., iv. 177.
Boursault, Edmund, French satirist,
IV. 178.
Bourse, stock exchange, xxii. 557.
Boursel, Charles, on telephony, xxill.
128.
Bourtree (Elder), tree, vii. 828.
BOUSHREVIEH, Hussein, propagator of
Babism, III. 180.
Bouss.\, to\m, Africa, iv. 178, 54.
Boutargue, French condiment,. XV.
580.
Bouterwek, Friedrich, Qerman philo-
sopher, IV. 178.
BouthiLlier de Ranc^ abbot of La
Trappe, xxili. 523.
BOUTTEVILLE, Count de, French duel-
list, VII. 513.
BOUTV, Edmond, his researches in
magnetism, xv. 257
Bouvardia, stove plant, xii. 265.
BOUVINES, Flanders, Battle of (1214),
IX. 542.
Bouvray, France, Battle of (1429), IX.
549-
Bovali, town, Loango, Africa, iv. 178.
BOVES, township, Italy, I v. 178.
Bovianum (Bojano), ancient town,
Italy, XXI. 249.
BoviDyE, family of ungulate mammals,
XV. 432.
BoviLL/E, ancient town, Italy, XIV.
344-
BoviNO, town, Italy, iv. 178.
Bow, form of salutation, XXI. 236.
, London, Porcelain of, XIX. 641.
, Violin, XXIV. 242, 246.
and Arrows, li. 371 ; ancient, 11.
554; manufacture of, II. 376.
BOWAIB, Battle of (c. 635), xviii. 616.
BowDlCH, Thomas Edward, EngUsh
traveller, IV. 178.
BOWDITCH, Nathaniel, American mathe-
matician, IV. 178.
BowDLER, John, English hymn-writer,
XII. 595.
, Thomas, editor of .Shakespeare,
XXI. 768.
Bowel, Anatomy of the, vii. 225.
Bower, Walter, Scottish chronicler,
IX. 397; XXI. 540.
Bower Anchors, ii. 5, 7.
BowES Castle- Yorkshire, England,
XXIV. 749.
Bow Fell, mountain, England, xxiv.
513-
Bow-FiN, fish, XII. 688.
BowkinG, in bleaching. III. 815.
Bow Leg, Surgical treatment of, XXH.
692.
Bowles, Caroline Ann (Mrs Southey),
English poetess, xxil. 289.
, WUliam Lisle, English Tioet, IV.
178.
Bowline isjjot, xiv. 128.
Bowls, game, iv. 179.
, ancient plate, xix. 178.
Bo^vNESS, town, England, xxiv. 516.
Bowring, Sir John. English writer, :v.
181.
Bows, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
307-
Bowsprit, of ships, xxl 153,
Boxing, in athletics, xxiv. 691 ; ancient
X. 64.
Boxwood, iv. 181; used for carving,
XXIV. 645
Boyaca, town, Colombia, IV. 182.
BOYCE, Hector, Scottish historian, in.
849; -XXI. 541.
, WOliam, English musical com-
poser, IV. 182.
Boycott, The, in United States, xxiii.
786.
Boyd, Scottish family, time of James
III., XXL 495.
, Zachary, Scottish clergyman, iv.
182.
Boydell, • John. English engraver, IV.
182.
Boyer, Abel, English WTitcr, iv. 182.
, Alexis, French surgeon, IV. 182.
, Jean Baptiste, French phj-sician,
IV. I S3.
, Jean Pierre, president of Hayti,
IV. 183.
Boyle, town, Ireland, xx. 850.
, Charles, eail of Orrery, iv. 183; in.
54-
, Elizabeth, wife of Spenser, xxii.
395-
, John, earl of Cork and Orrery, iv
183.
, Richard, earl of Cork, iv. 183.
, Richard, earl of Cork and Burling-
ton, IV. 184.
, Robert, British physicist, iv. 184;
his contribution^to chemistry, v. 460;
to electricity, viii. 3; his interest in
Christian missions, XVI. 514.
, Roger, earl of Orrery, soldier and
statesman, IV. 185.
Lectures, founded by Robert
Boyle, IV. 184.
Boyle's Law, of gases, xxii. 479; iii.
35, 39; viL S04; XVI. 611; XIX. 241;
XXIII. 287.
Boyl-Ya, in Australian magic, XV. 199.
B 0 Y — B R A
65
JJovxE, river, IrelanJ, IV. 185; xv. 668;
battle of the (1690), xiii. 268; xxi.
431-
BovsE, John, translator of English Bible,
IV. 186.
Boz, Sketches by, Dickens's woft, vil.
174.
BOZEMAN, town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi.
7-74-
noZEN, town, Austria, IV. 169.
BOZRAH, Scripture cities, IV. 1S6.
BOZZARISJ Marcos, Greek patriot, IV.
186.
Bra, town, Italy, iv. 186.
Brabant, district, Netherlands, iv. 1S6.
, North, province, Holland, IV. 1S7.
; , South, province, Belgium, IV. 187-
Bracciolini, Francesco, Italian poet,
IV. 187.
, Gian Francesco Poggio, Italian
humanist, XIX. 274; author of Facetia;,
I. 784.
Brace, boring tool, xi. 438.
Bracelet, iv. 187.
Brachelytra, group of beetles, VI.
130.
BrachiopODA, class of invertebrate
animals, IV. 188; XIX. 429, 440, m
Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813.
Brachistochrone, curve of s\riftp»l
descent, XV. 643, 710.
Brachium, upper arm, in man, I. 826;
in mammals, XV. 358.
Brachycera, group of insects, xill.
150.
Brachydome, crystal, xvi. 360.
Brachylogus, book of Eoman law, iv.
196.
Brachylophus, genus of lizards, XU.
700.
Brachymystax, genus of SahuonidEe,
XXI. 221.
Brachypteracias, genus of birds, xx.
627.
Brachvtarsomys, genus of rodent
mammals, xvii. 6.
Brachvurus, genus of apes, 11. 154.
Brackenridge, Hugh H., American
author, I. 722
Bracket, in architecture, 11. 461.
Bracton, Henry de, English jurist, IV.
196; his connexion with the Brittou,
IV. 355-
Bracts, of plants, iv. 119.
Bradanus, river, Lucania, Italy^ xv
37.
Bradawl, boring tool, XI. 438.
Bradford, WUts, England, Saxon
church at, xxiv. 595.
, town, Yorkshire, England, IV. 197;
XXIV. 748; its sUk manufacture, xx::.
03.
, John, English martyr, IV. 198.
, William, colonial printer, Phil-
adelphia, XVIII. 740
Brading, Isle of 'Wight, England,
Roman viUa at, xxiv. 562.
Bradlaugh, Charles, English journalist
and politician, XXIII. 312.
Bradley, James, British astronomer,
IV. 198; II. 756; XVII. 260; his dis-
covery of aberration of light, I. 48.
Bradshaw, Henry, English poet, IV.
198.
, Henry, on Barbour's poems, 111.
' , John, judge of Charles I., IV. 198.
Bradwardin, Thomas, archbishop of
Canterbury, IV. 199.
Brady, Nicholas, translator of the
Psalms, IV. 199; his Psalms and
Hymns, Xll. 590.
Bradypodid.«, family of edentate
mammals, xv. 384 ; xxii. 161.
Braemar Forest, Scotland, I. 44.
Braga, town, Portugal, IV. 199; XIX.
537; XXII. 307.
Braganca. or Braganza, town, Por-
tugal, IV. 199; XXIII. 525.
Braganza, Ducal family of, xix. 545,
548.
Bragg, Braxton, .American general,
XXIII. 77S, 788.
Bragi, Northern god, I. 211.
Eraham, John, English vocalist and
composer, IV. 199.
Brah^, Tycho, Danish astronomer, IV.
200 ; II. 752 ; XIV. 46 ; on the lunar
theory, XVI. 800 ; his patronage of
Longomontanus, XIV. 866 ; his rela-
tions with Napier, XVII. 182; his
observatory on Huen island, XVII.
709.
Brahma, Hindu deity, iv. 207; xxiv.
118; figure of, viii. 126.
Fowls, xix. 645.
Brahmanas, Sanskrit theological
WTitings, xxi. 273,276; mythic stories
in them, XVII. 152.
Braiimanbaria, town, India, xxiil.
405.
Brah.mani, river, India, v. 243.
Brahmanical Law, xii. 782; xxi.
287
Brahmanism, IV. 201; XII. 782, 785;
XX. 360; its relations to Lamaism,
XIV. 227.
Brahmans, Hindu caste, v. 188;
among the Mahrattas, XV. 289.
Brahmaputra, river, Tibet and India,
IV. 211; II. 718; XII. 732; XXIII. 341.
Brahma Samaj, theistic church, India,
IV. 200; XVI. 518; XXI. 35.
Brahmegupta, Oriental algebraist, i.
CI?
Brahms, Johannes, musical composer,
XVII. 97.
Brahoes. race of people, Baluchistan,
III. 300, 303.
Br.\id, James, on neuro-hypnotism, XV.
278.
Braidwood, Thomas, teacher of deaf-
mutes,- VII. 6.
Braila, town, Eomnania, xil. 610.
Braik, of apes, 11. 164; of birds, in.
724; of fishes; XII. 650; of mammals,
XV. 366.'
, The human, anatomy of, i. 869^
Sir Charles Bell on anatomy of, in.
541 ; physiology of, XIX. 32; circulation
in, XIX. 42; diseases of, XX. 431;
XIII. 95; paralysis caused by disease of,
XVIII. 255; membranes of, I. 864;
in relation to phrenology, xviii. 842;
during sleep, XXII. 155; weight of, n.
108.
Brainerd, David, missionary to Ameri-
can Indians, IV. 211.
Braintree, town, England, iv. 211.
Braithwaite, Richard, pastoral poet,
xvin. 347.
Braj Bhasha, Indian dialect-, xi. 840.
Brake, iv. 211; xv. 770; railway,
XX. 248.
, town, Germany, IV. 211.
Bramah, Joseph, English machinwl,
IV. 213.
Bramah's Lock, xiv. 744.
Bramante, Lazzari, Italian architect
and painter, IV. 213; II. 438; XX. 836.
Bramantino (Bartolommeo Suardi),
Italian painter, XXII. 615.
Brambanan, Hindu ruins, Java, IV.
214.
Bramber, town, England, XXII. 724.
Brambling, bird, IX. 193.
Bramhall, John, bishop of Derry,
his discussion with Hobbes, XII. 36;
his oppression of Presbyterians, XIII.
266.
Branas, Alexis, Byzantine general,
XIII. 374.
Branca, Giovanni, designer of a steam-
engine, XXII. 473.
Brancacci Chapel, Florence, paint-
ings in, XV. 606.
Brancaleone degli Andalo, Romau
senator, XX. 796.
Branches, of plants, iv. 97.
BranchiobdelliD/E, family of leeches,
XIV. 405.
Branchiopoda, division of Crustacea,
VI. 663.
Br.anchiostoma, genus of fishes, XII.
695; XIV. 258.
Brancovan, Constantine, voivode of
Walachia, -XXl. 17.
Brande, William Thomas, English
chemist, IV. 214.
Brandenburg, province, Prussia, iv.
214; XX,. 14, 16; mark of, xx. 2;
royal house of, X. 495.
, town, Prussia, IV. 214; terra-cotta
work at, xxiii. 194.
Brandes, Georg, Danish critic, vii. 93.
Brandis, Christian August, German
WTiter, IV. 215.
Brandishing, in architecture, II. 461.
Brandisite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Brandt, Count, Danish courtier, vii.
87-
XXV. — 9
66
BRANDT, Geeraerdt, Datch writer, xil.
95-
, Johann Friedrich, on birds, XVIII,
25, 42, 45.
, Sebaistian, German satirist, i v. 215;
X. 527.
Brandy, spirituous liquor, IV. 216;
distillation of, VII. 264.
Brandywine, U.S.A., Battle of (i777).
XXIII. 744.
Brankovich, George, despot of Servia,
XXI. 689, 690.
Branks, disease, XVII. 22.
Brant, Isabella, wife of Eubens, XXI.
42.
Brantas, river, Java, Xiil. 601.
Brantford, ton-n, Canada, iv. 216.
Brantome, Seigneur de, French his-
torian, IV. 216; IX, 654.
Branxholm Castle, Roxburgh, Scot-
land, XXI. 34.
Braschi, Giovanni Angelo (Pope Pius
VI.), XIX. 1 54.
Bras-de-Fer (FraHfois de la Noue),
Huguenot captain, xiv. 289.
Bras d' Or, lake, Nova Scotia, xvii.
602.
Brasenose College, Oxford, xviii.
96.
Brasidas, Spartan general, IV. 216.
Brass, alloy of copper and zinc, iv.
217; its composition, VI. 351; XXIV.
784; strength of, XXII. 603.
Brassac, France, coal-mines at, XX.
119.
Brassage, cost of coining, xvi. 725.
Brasses, Monumental, iv. 219; vii.
694.
Brassey, Thomas, English railway con-
tractor, IV. 219.
Brass-Horn, musical instrument, xvii.
778.
Brassica, genus of plants, iv. 617;
XVII. 112; XX. 273.
Brass-Work, xvi. 71.
Bratslaff, tovra, Russia, XIX. 254.
Brattishing, in architecture, 11. 461.
Brattleboro, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 167.
Bratton, Wilts, England, British re-
mains at, XXIV. 594.
Braulieve Mountains, Ireland, xx.
849.
Braunite, mineral, XV. 479; XVI.
387.
Braunsberg, town, Prussia, IV. 220.
Braunschweig (Brunswick, q.v.),
duchy, Germany, IV. 401.
Brava, Cape Verd Islands, V. 52
Bravaisite, mineral, XVi. 425.
Bravo del Norte, river. New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvii. 400.
Bravos, to\\-n, Mexico, xvi. 214.
Brawne, Fanny, Keats's letters to,
u:v. 24.
Bray, town, Ireland, iv. 220; xxiv.
557-
B R A — B R E
Bray, Sir Reginald, English architect,
IV. 2 20.
, Dr Thomas, missionary to Ameri-
can Indians, IV. 220.
Braynford (Brentford), town, Eng-
land, IV. 258.
BR.VZEN Bull, of Phalaris, XVIII. 730.
Bej^ZIL, IV. 221; L 712; its connexion
with Portugal, I. 710; birds of. III.
746; proportion of coloured race in,
XVII. 320; cotton supply, VI. 485;
diamond mines, VII. 164; forests, IX.
406; Indian tribes, XII. 829; libraries,
XIV. 536, 551; national debt, XVII.
247; newspapers, Xvil. 437; observa-
tory at Rio, XVII. 716 ; prison sj'stem,
XIX. 759; railways, xx. 252; slavery
in, XXII. 142.
, Island of, IV. 241.
Current, in Atlantic, III. 20.
Brazilian Ruby, or Burnt Topaz,
XXIII. 446.
Brazil Nut, iv. 241.
Brazil-Nut Oil, xvii. 744, 746.
Brazilwood, iv. 241; iv. 226
Brazos, river, Texas, xxiii. 203.
Brazza, island, Adriatic Sea, IV. 241.
Br.\zzaville, town, on Congo, Africa,
XXIV. 765. •
Breach of Promise of Marriage,
XXIV. 644.
Bread, Mantifactm-e of, in. 250; adul-
terations of, I. 170.
Breadalbane, district, Scotland, xviii.
667.
Bread and Salt, bond, xxi. 134.
Bread Fruit, iv. 241; in PoljTiesia,
XIX. 419.
Bread Nut, xvii. 664.
Breakers, their formation, xxiv. 419.
BREAKI^G, of hunting horses, XII. 188.
Breakspeare, Nicholas (Pope Adrian
IV.), I. 165.
Breakwater, iv. 242; construction of,
XL 459; at Cherbourg, v. 585; at
Holyhead, XII. 105.
Bream, fish. xii. 692; angling for, 11.
42.
Breast, xvi. 302; cancer of tie, xviii.
383-
Breast-Armour, vi. 693.
Breastplate, Jewish high priest's, x.
13S.
Breathing, or Respiration, xx. 474;
movements of muscles in, I. 835;
disordered, II. 736; restoration of, in
apparently drowned, VII. 475.
Bre-BUNG, convent, Lhasa, XIV. 501
Breccia, rock, x. 237.
BrEche, Charles de, betrayer of
Pallavicino, XVIII. 189.
Brechin, town, Scotland, IV. 242.
Breckinridge, John Cabell, American
politician, XXIII. 772, 774, 788.
Brecknock Peninsula, Tierra del
Fuego, XXIII. 384.
Brecon, or Brecknock, county, Wales,
IV. 243; population and represen-
tation, XXIII. 727; town, IV. 244.
Breda, town, Holland, iv. 244.
, Jan van, Dutch painter, IV. 244.
, Surrender of, Velazquez's picture,
XXIV. 135.
Bredal, Niels Krog, Norse dramatist,
XVII. 590.
Brederoo, Gerbrand . Adriaanssen,
Dutch -writer, XII. 94.
Bredow, suburb of Stettin, Prussia,
XXII. 543.
, Gabriel Gottfried, German histo-
rian, IV. 244.
Breeches Bible, viii. 387.
Breech-Loader, gun, XL 280.
Breeding of Anim.\ls, l 389, 393; iv.
244; XXI. 722.
Breeds and Breeding, iv. 244; in
relation to natural selection, XXIV. 78.
Bregentz, or Bregenz, to\vn, Tyrol,
Austria, rv. 251; xxiv. 297.
Brehon Law, ancient Irish law, iv.
252; landholding under it, XIII. 218.
Breidden Hills, England and Wale^
XVI. 78S; XXI. S47.
Breislackite, mineral, xvi. 416.
Breislak, Scipione, Italian geolc^;i^
IV. 255.
Breithauptite, mineral, XVI. 393.
Breitinger, J. J., S^v■ias >vriter, x. 533;
XXII. 797.
Brellington (Bridlington), town,
England, IV. 342.
Bremangerland, island, Norway, XVII.
576.
Bremen, free tovm, Germany, iv. 255.
Bremer, Fredrika, Swedish novelist,
IV. 256; XXII. 757.
Beitrage, in German literatUTe,X.
533-
Bremerhaven, town, Germany, IV.
257-
Bremetenracum (PenrithX Komaa
town, England, XVili. 504.
Bremner Printing-Machine, xxin.
706.
Brendan, St, early Irish navigator, xjll.
250.
Brennan Torpedo, xxiii. 451.
Brenner Pass, Tyrolese Alps, i. 629.
Brennus, Celtic kings, IV. 257.
Brenny, district, Leitrim, Ireland, Xiv.
433-
Brent, river, England, xvi. 279.
Brenta, river, Italy, XIII. 436.
Brentano, Gemens, German writer,
IV. 257; X. 542.
Brentford, town, England, iv. 258;
XVI. 2S0.
Brent-Goose, bird, X. 778.
Brenthid^ family of insects, XXIV.
477-
Brent's Hill, ancient fortress, Eng-
land,>xvii. 598.
Brenz, John, his scheme of churci
order, xix. 676.
B R E — B R I
67
Breogan, in Irish legend, xill. 244.
Brer.\, Picture Gallery of the, Milan,
XVI. 291.
Brescia, prorince, Italy, iv. 258.
, town, Italy, iv. 258; its ancient
college, XXIII. 834; pictures in, XXI.
447; its school of painting, XXI. 436,
443-
Breslau, town, Prussian Silesia, IV.
258; XX. 16; XXII. 53; libraries, XIV.
546; observatory, XVII. 712; univer-
sity, XXIII. 846.
Bresle, river, France, XXII. 261.
Bressay, island, Shetland, Scotland,
XVII. 846.
Bressuire, town, France, xxi. 710.
BREST.'town, France, IV. 259.
, old town, Labrador, IV. 177.
Brest-Litovsk, town, Bussia, iv. 260.
Bretagne (Brittany, q.i:), province,
France, IV. 354.
Brethren, or Plymouth Brethren,
reKgious sect, XIX. 238.
OF THE Common Life, religious
community, XI. 207; XVI. 711; XVII.
134; as educationists, vii. 672.
Bretigny, Peace of (1360), IX. 547.
Breton, Nicholas, pastoral poet, xviii.
347-
, P., on porisms, XIX. 520.
de LOS Herreros, Manuel,
Spanish dramatist, XXII. 361.
Language, v.298,327; dictionaries
of, VII. 188.
Literature, v. 324.
Bretonne, Kestif de la, French writer,
XX. 486.
Bretons, people of Brittany, iv. 354.
Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb, German
scholar, iv. 260.
Bretwald.\s, rulersof Britain, VIII. 271.
Breughel, Jan, Flemish painter, }V.
262.
, Peeter, Flemish caiicaturist, IV.
262; V. 104.
Ereuni, Khcetian people, XX. 5135.
Breunnerite, mineral, xvi. 397.
Breve de Recto, in English law,
XXIV. 694.
Breve Testatum, in English law,
XXIV. 693.
Breviarium Alaricanum, Roman
law, IV. 262; I. 443; xx;, 216.
Breviary, church service book, IV,
263; English, VIII. 378; Roman, XIV.
709.
Brevoortia Tvrannus, species of
fishes, XVI. 10.
Breweries, of Burton, England, iv.
572.
Brewing, iv. 264; xv. 308.
BREWSTER.Sir David, Scottish physicist,
IV. 276; inventor of kaleidoscope,
XIII. 826; in relation to invention of
stereoscope, XXII. 538; on the analysis
of light, XVII. 802; on polarization
of Hght, XIV. 611.
Brewsterite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Brian Boroimhe, legendary Irish
king, V. 308; XIII. 253.
Bri.\nchon's Theorem, in geometry,
X. 397-
BRIAN90N, town, France, iv. 277.
Briansk, town, Russia, iv. 277; xxi.
89.
Briare, town, France, xiV. 809.
Briareus, in Greek mythology, IV. 277.
Briar-Root Pipe, for tobacco, xix.
112.
Bribery, iv. 278; Greek proverb about,
VI. 754.
Brick, iv. 279; as building material,
IV. 448; combination of, mth stone,
II. 457 ; strength of, XXII. 603. See
Bricks.
, Fire, IX. 238.
Architecture, in Germany, 11.
432-
Facings, Roman, xx. 809
Bricklaying, iv. 460.
Brickmaking, IV. 280.
Bricks, iv. 279; ancient, xix. 604, 619;
ancient enamelled, viii. 182; of Baby-
lon,lll. 185, 189; glazed, in wall-linings,
XVIL 35.
Brick Tea, xxiii. 99.
Brick Towers, in Spain, 11. 434.
Brickwork, in building, iv. 457.
Bridaine, Jacques, French preacher,
IV. 284.
Bride of Lammermoor (Janet Dal-
rymple), XXII. 444.
Brides, Savoy, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
Bridge, iv. 284; at Brooklyn, U.S.A.,
XVII. 465; at Dirschau, Prussia, VII.
257; suspension, at Kieff, Russia, XIV.
6g; suspension, ancient, in Peru, I.
697; at St Louis, U.S.A., xxi. 185.
Fortification, ix. 435.
Bridgenorth (Bridgnorth), town, Eng-
land, IV. 284 ; XXI. 648.
Bridge of Allan, town, Scotland,
XXII. 544.
Bridgeport, town, Connecticut, U.S^.,
IV. 284.
Bridges, iv. 284 (index, 341); pontoon,
XIX. 456; railway, XX. 233; Roman,
XX. 831; skewed, 11. 331; Venetian,
XXIV. 148. See Bridge.
Bridget, St, of Ireland, iv. 342.
, St, of Sweden, IV. 342; XXIL 753;
nuns of, XVI. 711.
Bridgetown, town, Barbados, iii. 359.
Bridgewatbr (Bridg%vater), town,Eng-
land, IV. 342; XXII. 258.
, Third Duke of, IV. 342.
, Eighth Earl of, iv. 342.
Canal, iv. 342, 783.
Treatises, iv. 342.
Bridgnorth, town, England, rv. 284;
XXI. 648.
Bridgwater, town, England, iv. 342;
xxu. 258.
Bridle, Horse, xii. 19S.
Bridlington, England, iv. 342.
Bridport, town, England, iv. 343.
Brie, district, Seine-et-Marne,
France, xxi. 625.
Brief, papal letter, iv. 520.
Brieg, town, Prussia, iv. 343.
, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 31.
Briel, or Brielle, Holland, iv. 343.
Brienne, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
, Jean de, crusader in Egypt,
VII. 754.
Briexz, lake, Switzerland, xiv. 218;
XXII. 777.
Brier, plant, xx. 851.
Briere de l'Isle, French gen-
eral, xxiii. 441.
Brigade, subdivision of an army, rv.
343-
Brigade-Major,' iv. 343.
Brigadier, IV.-343.
Brigantes, British tribe, IV. 353.
Brigantia '(Bregentz), ancient town,
Tyrol, IV. 251.
Brigantium (Brianjon), ancient town,
France, IV. 277.
Briggs, Henry, English mathematiciaB,
l'^- 343; XVII. 180; his logarithms,
XJV. 773; XXIII. 9.
Bright, Richard, English physician,
XV. 816.
Brighthelmstone (Brighton, q.v.\
town, England, IV, 345.
Brightling Hill, Sussex, England,
XXII. 723.
Brightness, intensity of light, xxiv.
423, 429. 433. 437-
Brighton, town, England, iv. 344;
XXII. 725; aquarium at, II. 218.
Bright's Disease, iv. 345; xviii. 387,
3S8; diet in, vii. 206.
Brignoles, town, France, rv. 3465
XXIV. 69.
Brihtnoth, East-Saxon earl, viil 287.
Bril (Briel), town, Holland, IV. 343.
rPaul, Flemish painter, IV. 346.
Brill, fish, xii. 692.
Brilliants (Diamonds), Cutting of, vii.
165; XIV. 299.
Brimstone, sulphur of commerce,
XXII. 634.
Brindisi, town, Italy, rv. 346.
Brindley, James, English engineer,
IV. 346, 783.
Brine-Shrimp, crustacean, vi. 663.
Brine-Springs, x. 271.
Briniates, Ligurian tribe, Xlv. 640
Brinjaris, trilje, India, XV. 185.
Brink, R. C. B. van den. Dutch critic,
XIL 98.
Brinkburn Priory, Northumberland,
England, xxu. 568.
Briocus, St, AV'elsh missionary, xxi.
159.
Brion, Frederike, friend of Ooethts, X.
724.
68
B R I — B R O
Brion, Simon de (Pope Martin
IV.), XV. 5S2.
Brioniax Islands, Adriatic Sea,
XIX. 2S4.
Brioxnais, dist., France, xxi. 301.
Briony, Black, plant, xxiv. 727.
Briot, Francois, Swiss metal-
worker, XIX. 1S4.
Brioude, town, France, iv. 347;
bridge at, iv. 332.
Briovira (St. L6), ancient town,
France, xxi. 1S2.
Brisbane, Queensland, iv. 347.
, Sir Thos. M , astronomer, iv.
347; his observatory, at Para-
matta, Xew S. Wales, xvii. 716.
Brissox, Math. Jacques, French
nat., IV. 347; on birds, xviii. 5.
Brissot, Jean Pierre, Girondist, iv.
347-
4 , Pierre, French physician, xv. 80S.
Bristles, Economic uses of, Xl. 376; in
brush-making, IV. 403.
Bristol, to^\-n, England, iv. 34S;
siege of (1645), xxi. 62; St Augustine's
abbey, I. ig; hbraries, XIV. 521, 542;
newspapers, xvii. 421; porcelain
works, XIX. 642.
, town, Ehode Island, U.S.A., iv.
352-
. , Earl of, persectition of, by Charles
L, V. 404.
Britain, Ancient, IV. 352; history of,
VIII. 263; Cssai-'s invasion of, IV. 636;
under the Romans, XX. 775, 780; their
influence on the language, V. 31,7;
coins of, XVII. 636; Celtic dialects of,
V. 298.
Britannia, iv. 352. See Britain.
, Camden's work, iv. 734.
Bridge, across Menai Straits,
"Wales, IV. 334;, XX. 234.
Metal, xvui. 725.
—. — Romana, Horsley's work, XII.
200.
Britannicus, son of the Roman
emperor Claudius, IV. 354; XVII. 348.
, Racine's drama, XX. 206.
BritannY (Brittany, q.v.), province,
France, iv. 354.
Britford, Wilts, England, Gothic arch-
way in church, II. 425.
British Almanac, i. 591.
British and Foreign Bible
Society, hi. 649.
British and Foreign School
Society, xiv. 258.
British Army, Historical sketch ol the,
II. 568.
Br,itish Association, it3 origin, iv.
277-
British Columbia, North America,
VI. 169.
British Guiana, xl 249.
British Honduras, xn. 132.
British Kaffraria, South Africa,
XIII. 816.
British Museum, London, xiv. 837;
under Panizzi, XVIII. 212; library of,
XIV. 515.
British North Borneo, xxi. 123.
British Subjects, their orivileges, i.
575-
Brito, port, Nicaragua, xvii. 477.
, Bernardo de, Portuguese historian,
XIX. 557.
Britons, Ancient, iv. 352; vill. 263;
XXI. 472; ethnic character and dis-
tribution of, v. 301.
Britonum Historia, Nennius's work,
XVII. 332.
Brittany, province, France, iv. 354;
ancient stone monumenis of, XXI. 5 1 ;
dukes of, XX. 401.
Briitle-Stars, order of Echinoder-
niata, vil. 634.
Britton, smiunary of early English
law, IV. 355.
, John, English antiquary, r\'. 355.
Briva Is.\r.5 (Pontoise), ancient town,
France, XIX. 456.
BrivES-l.\-Gaillarde, town, France,
IV. 356.
Brixen, town, Tyrol, iv. 350.
Brixham, town, England, iv. 356; its
fisheries, ix. 249.
BrisIj'V (Brescia), ancient town, Italy,
IV. 258.
Broach, district and town, India, IV. 356.
, boring tool, XI. 438.
Broad Arrow, in heraldry, Xi. 703.
Broad-Bottom Administration,
England, v. 441.
Broad Law, mountain, Scotland. XVlll.
451.
Broadside, or Broadsheet, pamphlet,
XVIII. 204.
Broadstairs, town, England, iv. 357.
Broadway, New York, xvii. 458.
Bro.\dwood, James, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 76.
, John, pianoforte maker, XIX- 74.
Brocchi, Giovanni B'attista, Italian
geologist, IV. 357.
Broccoli, vegetable, iv. 618; xii. 279.
Brochantite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Brochs, Scottish round towers, xvii.
848; XXI. 22.
Brockedon's Black-Lead Pencils,
XVIII. 490.
Brocken, mountain, Germany, XL 507;
spectre of the, XI. 399.
Brookes, Barthold H., German poet,
X. 532.
Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold, German
jyiblisher, IV. 357; publisher of
Conversations- Lexicon, viii. 203.
Brocklesby, Richard, English physi-
cian, IV. 357.
Broderip, ^YiUiam John, English natu-
ralist, IV. 35S.
Brodie, Sir Benjamin CloUin?, English
surgeon, IV. 358.
Brody. town, Austria, iv. 359.
BrODZINSKI, Casimrr, Polish Tioet, XSXt
30-1- '
Broekhuizen, Jan, Dutch scholar, iv.
382.
Broghill, Lord (Roger Boyle), soldier
and statesman, IV. 185.
Broglie, AthiUe L. V. C,'Duc de,
Fre»ch statesman, IV. 359.
, Albert, Due de, IV. 360.
, Victor Francois, Due de, marshal
of France, iv. 359; IX. 590.
Broiling, of meat, vl 332.
Broken Heart, The, Ford's tragedy,
IX*. 395.
Broker, intermediate agent, "v. 360
member of stock exchange, XXII. 557.
, Nicolas, English sculptor, XXI.
559-
Brokerage, Calculation of, 11. 536.
BrombErg, town, Prussia, IV. 360.
Brome, Alexander, English poet, IV. 361
, Richard, English dramatist, IV
361.
Bromides, in chemistry, iv. 361; o.'
potassium, XIX. 592; of silver. XXII.
72.
Bromidrosis, skin disea.se, XXII. 120.
Bromine, chemical element, IV. 361;
V. 490; as a poison, xix. 279.
Bromite, mineral, xvi. 3S4.
Bromley, town, England, iv. 362; xiv.
822
Bromsgrove, to^ra, England, iv. 362;
XXIV. 666.
Bromwich, West, town, England, xxrv.
506.
Bronchial Tubes, air-passages, xx.
475-
Bronchitis, disease, iv. 362.
Bronchocele (Goitre), disease, X. 739
Broncho-Pneumonia, disease, xix.
250.
Brondsted, Peter Olnf, Danish arch-
asologist, IV. 364.
Brongniart, Alexandre, French min
eralogist, IV. 364; on reptiles, xx.
434-
Brongniartine, mineral, XVI. 400.
Bronte, town, Sicily, iv. 364.
, Anne, English writer, l^ 366.
— ; — , Charlotte, English novelist, IV.
364.
, Emily, English writer, IV. 366.
Bronze, alloy of copper and tin, iv. 366
composition of, VL 351; early Greel
casting of, II. 348; strength of, XXII
603; ancient weapons of, II. 553.
, Manganese, Xlll. 352.
Age, II. 122; existing remains of,
II. 339.
Bronzes, ancient, iv. 367; Etru.scan,
VIII. 642.
Bronze- Work, xvi. 71; Japanese,
XIIL 591; Sicyonian, XXII. 32; Vene-
tian, XXIV. 156.
Bronzing, iv. 367.
BR0N,zite, mineral, Xii. 415.
BTl 0— B Pv IT
69
Brooch, ornamental pin, iv. 369.
Brooke, Frances, English novelist, iv.
369
, Henry, English WTiter, IV. 369.
, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak, IV.
3^, 60; XXJ. 306.
Brookes, Joshua, English anatomist, iv.
- 370.
Brook Farm Association, United
States, XX. 567.
Brookite, mineral,XVi. 387; XXIII.410.
Brooklyn, to-n-n. New York, U.S.A.,
IV. 370 ; XVII. 457 ; XXIII. 822 ;
libraries at, XIV. 550.
Bridge, Kew York, Jcvil. 465.
Brooks, Chasles Shirley, English MTiter,
n"37i.
, Maria, American poetess, I. 731.
Broom, for sweeping, IV. 403.
Broome, William,English^rriter, IV. 372.
Broomrapes,. parasitic plants, xviii.
265.
Brora, to-n-n, Scotland, xxil. 727.
Brorsen's Comets (1846, 1847X vi,
192, 193.
Brorson, Hans Adol, Danish hymn-
writer, VII. go.
Broschi, Carlo (Farinelli, q.v.), Italian
singer, IX. 34.
Brosely, town, England, iv. 372; XXI.
848.
Brosxa, river, Ireland, Xiv. 87.
Brosses, Charles de, French wTiter, iv.
372-
Brotherhood's Ste.'^.m Engine, xxii.
514.
Brother Jonathan, origin of the
epithet, vi. 289; xxin. 592.
Brothers of Charity, Italian monks,
XVI. 712.
Brothers of the Sword, mediaeval
order, Livonia, XIV. 724; XXIII. 201.
Brotheryeeld (Brotherhood), Court
of. Cinque Ports, England, v. 787.
Brougham, Lord, lord chanceUor of
England, IV. 373; on instinct in bees,
III. 488.
Broughton, J. Cam Hobhouse. Lord,
English statesman, IV. 381.
, Hugh, English divine, IV. 381.
, Thoma-s English divine, IV. 381.
Broughty-Ferry, town, Scotland, vii.
536.
BroukhUSIUS, Jan, Dutch scholar, IV.
3S2.
Broussa, town, Asiatic Turkey, I v. 382;
III. 793; province, XXIII. 653.
Broijssais, Francois Joseph Victor,
French physician, IV. 383; XV. 815.
Broussonet, f Pierre Marie Anguste,
French naturalist, IV. 383
Brouwer, Adrian, Dutch painter, iv.
383; XVIII. 58; his influence on
Teniers, XXIII. 173.
Brow-Ague, disease, xvii. 364.
Brown, Charles Brockden, American
novelist, IV. 383; I. 725.
Brown, Ford Madox, his influence on
Rossetti, XX. 858.
, John, English divine (d. 1766X iv.
384-
, John, of Haddington, Scottish
di^■ine (d. 1787), I v. 384.
, John, Scottish physician (d. 1 788),
IV. 384; XV. 813.
, John, Scottish divine (d. 1858), iv.
3S4.
, John, American aboUtionist (d.
1859), IV. 385; XI. 490; XXII. 142;
XXIII. 772.
, or Browne, Robert, founder of the
Brownist sect, IV. 385; XII. 723.
, Robert, Scottish botanist, IV. 385;
on the classification of plants, iv. 81;
XVI. 838.
, Robert, his exploration of Green-
land, XIX. 324.
, Samuel, chemist, poet, and essayist,
IV. 386.
, Thomas, English humorist, IV.
387.
, Thomas, Scottish psyciolc^st, IV.
387; on mental suggestion, II. 732.
, Ulysses Maximilian. imperial
general, IV. 388.
, William Laurence, Scottish theo-
logian, IV. 388.
Coal, or Lignite, v. 46; xvi.
429.
Colours, in dyeing, vii. 579.
Browne, Charles Farrar (Artemus
Ward), American hlimorist, I v. 389; L
727.
, Felicia Dorothea (Mrs Hemms),
English poetess, XI. 643.
, Isaac Hawkins, English poet, IV.
389.
, James, Scottish Utteratenr, IV.
389-
, Peter, bishop of Cork, theologian,
IV. 389.
, or Brown, Robert, English Inde-
pendent, IV. 385; XII. 723.
, Sir Thonaas, English moralist, IV.
389-
, William, English pastoral poet, iv.
390; yviii. 347.
, William George, English traveller,
, IV. 390.
Brownies, goblins, 11. 204.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, English
poetess, IV. 391.
Brownists, religious sect, IV. 392.
Brown Pigments, xix. 88.
Brown-S^quard, C. E., on heredity in
guinea-pigs, iv. 246.
Brown Spar, mineral, xvi. 397.
Brown University, Providence,
U.S.A., XIX. 884; XXIII. 857.
Bruce, David, king of Scotland, XXI.
489; captive in England, viii. 319.
.Edward, brother of King Robert
of Scotland, XX. 594; his wars in Ire-
land, XIII. 260.
Bruce, James, African traveller, ;v. 393;
I. 64; X. 188.
, Michael, Scottish poet, I v. 393;
hymns by, XII. 593; his connexion
with-John Logan, XIV. 771.
, Robert, lord of Annandale, Scottish
baron, XXI. 486.
, Robert (The Bruce), king of Scot-
land, XX. 592; XXI. 488; in relation
to Edward I., viii. 313.
, The, Barbour's poem, III. 364.
Family, earls of Elgin, viii. 131.
Bruchid^ family of insects, XXIV.
477-
Bruchium Library, Alexandria, xiv.
51a
Bruchsal, town, Germany, iv. 394.
Brucia, poisonous alkaloiJ, XVll. 687.
Brucite, mineral, XVI. 388.
Bruck, two towns, Austria, IV. 394.
Brucke, E., his theory of binocular
vision, XXII. 538.
Bruckenau, town, Bavaria, iv. 394;
mineral water of, XVi. 436.
Brucker, James, German philoaophical
writer, iv. 394.
Brue, river, Somerset, England, xxii.
257-
Brueys, Peter de, French preacher, XI v.
287.
Bruges, or Brugge, town, Belgium, iv.
395; library of, XIV. 549; newspapers,
XVII. 430; tapestry of, XXIII. 212.
Brugsch, Henri, on Eg5rptian history,
VII. 728.
Bruhl, Graf von, Saxon statesman, XXI.
3?5.
Brul^e Island, river Yonne, France,
weir at, XX. 574.
BrUmaire 18-19, Revolution of'(i799),
IX. 612; XVII. 202.
Brumath, or Brumpt, town, German
Alsace, iv. 396.
Brun, town, Moravia, iv. 399.
Brun, Nordahl, .Danish writer, VII. 91.
, Rudolph, Swiss leadei', XXII. 783.
Brunanburgh, England, I^ttleof (937),
VIII. 285; XVII. 570; XXI. 479.
BrUNCK, Richard Francois Philippe,
French scholar, iv. 396^
Brundisium, or Brundusi im (Brindisi),
ancient town, Italy, iv. 346.
Brune, G.' M. a., Frencii marshal, in
Switzerland, XXII. 793.
Brunei, sultanate, Bomea, xxi. 123.
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, EngUsh
engineer, IV. 396.
, Sir Marc Isambard, engineer and
architect, iv. 398.
Brunelleschi, .FUippo, Italian archi-
tect, IV. 399; II. 436, 438.
Brunet, Jacques Charles, French biblio-
grapher, IV. 399.
Brunetto Latini, Florentine ency-
cloptedist, VIII. 192; tutor of Dante, VI.
809; his Tesoretto, XIII. 501.
Brunhild, aueen of Anstrasia, IX. 530.
70
B R U — B U D
Brunhild, heroin* in the Nibelungen-
lied, XVII. 474.
Bruni, state, Borneo, VI. 59.
, Leonardo, Italian scholar, IV.
399-
Brunn, town, Moravia, iv. 399; xvi.
811.
Brunne, Robert of, English chronicler,
XV. 494.
Brunnenberg, mountain, Germany,
XX. 552.
Brunner's Process, for producing
potassium, XIX. 590.
BrC'NNICH, Danish iiaturalist, on birds,
xviii. 9.
Bruno, St, founder of the Carthusians,
IV. 400; I. 20; V. 163.
(Pope Leo IX.), XIV. 449.
, Giordano, Italian philosopher, IV.
400; on evolution, viii. 758; his
influence on Spinoza, xxii. 401.
Brunonian System of Medicine,
XV. 813; IV. 384.
BRUNSMANN,Johan,Norsehyinn-WTiter,
XVII. 589.
Brunswick, duchy, Germany, rv. 401;
town, IV. 402.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., IV. 403.
Green, pigment, xix. 88.
Brunton, Mrs Mary, Scottish novelist,
IV. 403.
Brushes, iv. 403; painters', xviii. 137,
140.
Brushite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Brush-Making, iv. 403.
Brush-Turkey, Australian bird, xv.
827.
Bruss.a, town, Asiatic Turkey, iv. 382.
Brussels, capital o£ Belgium, iv. 404;
academies. III. 521; libraries, XIV.
531; newspapers, XVII. 430; royal
observatory, xVll. iii, 521, 715;
tapestry, xxill. 2i:-. university, in.
519; XXIII. 850.
, Union of (1577), XII. 76.
Carpets, v. 130.
Lace, xiv. 188.
Sprouts, vegetable, iv. 618; xii.
«79-
Brut, Layamon's Saxon chronicle, VIII.
40S; XIV. 374.
Brute, The, Barbour's poem. III. 364.
Bruton, town, England, iv. 406.
Bruts, The, early Welsh writings, v.
315-
Bruttians, ancient Italian tribe, xill.
445-
Brutus, Eoman family, iv. 406.
, or Brute, fabulous king of Britain,
IV. 407.
, Lucius Junius, first Boman consul,
IV. 406; VI. 313.
, Marcus Junius, assassin of Julius
Ctesar, iv. 407, 639.
Brux, town, Bohemia, IV. 407.
Bruxelles (Brussels, o.v.), capital of
Belgium, iv. 404.
BRUYERE, Jean de la, French moralist,
xiv. 177; IX. 663.
Bryanites, Methodist sect, xvi. 192.
Bry"ansk, town, Russia, xvii. 826.
Bryant, Jacob, English writer, iv. 407;
on mythology, xvji. 137.
, WUliam Cullen, American poet, I.
732-
Bryaxis, Greek sculptor, IV. 407.
Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, English
■writer, IV. 408.
Bryher, island, Scilly Isles, England,
XXI. 465.
BrvinEjE, class of mosses, XVII. 73.
Bryneich (Bernicia), English kingdom,
XVII. 568.
Bryophyta, group of plants, Xxiv.
128; III. ')94.
Bryozo.\, g.oup of animals, xix. 429.
Brzesc (Brest Litovsk), town, Russia,
IV. 260.
Brzez.any', town, Austria, iv. 408.
BUAL Wine, Madeira, XV. 178.
BUBASTIS, Egyptian goddess, IV. 408.
— ^, ancient town, Egypt, IV. 408; VII.
769; festival at, XIX. 90.
Bubble Act (1719), vi. 221.
BUBENBERG, Adrian von, Swiss states-
man, XXII. 787.
Bubo, genus of birds, XVIII. 90.
Bubonic Plague, xix. 159.
Buccaneers, piratical adventurers, iv.
408; XIX. 117.
Buccari, to^vn, Hungary, IV. 411.
BUCCINA, Roman trumpet, XXIII. 592.
BucciNO, town, Italy, IV. 411.
BUCCINUM, genus of moUuscs, XVI. 649;
XX. 417.
Bucco, genus of birds, xx. loi.
Bucephalus, Alexander's horse, I. 484.
, Manger of, monument, Philippi,
XVIII. 746.
Bucer, Martin, German Reformer, IV.
411; XV. 73.
BUCEROS, genus of birds, XII. 169.
BUCH, Leopold von, German geologist,
IV. 411.
BUCHAN, district, Scotland, I. 43.
, Alexander, on mean pressure of
the atmosphere. III. 30.
, David. Northern explorer, xix.
319-
Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar,
IV. 412; his Latiuity, xrv. 342.
, James, president. United States,
IV. 413; xxin. 773.
Bucharest, town, Roumania, iv. 414;
XXI. 16; treaty of (1812), XXII. 590;
XXIII. 649.
BUCHEZ, Philippe Joseph Benjamin,
French writer, IV. 414.
BUCHOLZITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
PucHU Leaves, drug, iv. 415.
BUCKEBURG, tOMrn, Germany, IV. 415;
XIV. 683.
Buckets, Use of, in mining, xvi. 456.
BucKETT Steam Engine, xxii. 523.
BucKE'i'E, tree, xil. 206.
Buckhurst, Lord, iirst earl of Dorset,
VII. 372. •
Buckingham, county, England, iv.
415; population and representation,
XXIII. 727; town, IV. 416.
, George ViUiere, first duke of, IV.
417; VIIL 345; Bacon's connexion
with. III. 206.
, George Villiers second duke oL
IV. 419.
, WUliam Alfred, governor of Con-
necticut, U.S.A., XXIII. 788.
Palace, London, xiv. 838.
Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield,
duke of, IV. 419. •
BUCKLAND, WUliam, dean of ■West-
minster, geologist, IV. 420; his investi-
gation of bone-caves, V. 267.
Buckle, Henry Thomas, English his-
torian, IV. 421; as chess-player, v.
602.
Buckley, Samuel, founder of first
London daily newspaper, XVII. 41 5.
Buckram, a rich woven cloth, xxiil.
210.
Bucks (Buckingham), county, England,
IV. 415; population and representation,
XXIII. 727.
BucKWHfi.AT, edible pjant, iv. 423.
BucsESD, mountain, Hungary, xii. 361.
Bud.\, iovnx, Hungary. IV. 423. See also
Budapest.
BUD.EUS, Gulielmus, frenca writer, rv.
424; XX. 194.
BUDAN, Frenok algebraist, I. 516.
Bud.ants.ar, . mythic ancestor of the
Mongols, XVI. 740.
Budapest, capital of Hungary, xviii.
691; libraries, XIV. 547; observatory,
XVII. 713; university, xxiii. 852.
BudaL'N, district, India, IV. 424.
BudDjEUS, John Francis Lutheran
divine, iv. 424.
Buddai, Australian goo, in. 113.
Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), founder
of Buddhism, III. 375; IV. 426; his
relations to Erahmanism, IV 209 ;
footprint of, I. 140; pilgrimages con-
nected with, XIX. 92; colossal statue
<jf, in Japan, XVII. 229.
Buddhaghosha's Parables, viii. 837.
Buddhism, Asiatic religion, iv. 424; 11.
698; XX. 360; its influence on caste,
V. 190; Lamaism a corruption of,
XIV. 226; sacred language of (Pali),
XVIII. 1S3; in relation to Manichaeism,
XV. 48.5 ; its pessimistic character, XVIII.
685; in Burmah, IV. 556; in Ceylon, V.
367; in China, V. 671; in India, XII.
784; in Japan, XIII. 581; among the
Mongols, XVI. 744; in Persia, xviii.
606; in Siam, XXL 853; in Tibet, XXIIL
344; in Turkestan, XXIII. 639.
Buddhist Festivals, ix. 117.
Buddhist Idols, of Bamian, iii. 307.
BLT3DKIST Temples, Java, xiii. 609.
B U D — B U N
71
Budding, propagation of plants by, xii.
237; XX. 423.
BUDDLE, mining apparatus, XVI. 465.
Bud6, Guillaume (Budajus), French
UTiter, IV. 424; XX. 194.
BUDGELL, Eustace, English writer, IV.
438.
Budget, financial statement, iv. 439;
xviii. 313.
, Water, in heraldry, XI. 704.
BUDINI, nomadic race, eastern Europe,
XXI. 575.
BUDJAK Steppes, Bessarabia, iii. 615.
BUDRUN, town, Asia Minor, XI. 3S4.
Buds, in plants, iv. 96; propagation by,
XII. 237.
BUDWEIS, town, Bohemia, IV. 439.
BuiE, Adrian Q., his anticipation of
quaternions, XX. 161.
BUENA Vista, Mexico, Battle of (1847),
XXIII. 767.
Buenos Ayres, province and town,
Argentine Republic, IV. 439, 440;
libraries in, XIV. 551.
Buff, Lotte, friend of Goetne, x. 725.
Buffalo, genus of ruminant mammals,
IV. 442; XV. 432; of India, xii. 742;
skins of, IX. 838.
, town. New York, U.S.A., IV. 443;
XVII. 457; XXI. 179; XXIII. 822.
BUFFIER, Claude, French philosophical
writer, IV. 443.
BUFFON, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de,
French natiualist, IV. 444; IX. 671;
on birds, xviii. 6; on germs, Viii. 745;
influence of his writings, ix. 593.
BUFFOONS, IX. 366.
BUFO, genus of Amphibia, XXIII. 423.
Bug, insect, IV. 445; XI. 646; XIII. 153.
, river, Russia, XIX. 254, 307.
Bible, viii. 387.
Buglaud, Thomas R., governor of
Algeria, I. 568.
BUGENHAGEN, Johann, German Re-
former, IV. 445.
BuGiNESE Language and Litera-
ture, Celebes, V. 288.
Bugis, people, in Celebes, IV. 32; in
Malacca, xv. 323.
Bugle-Horn, musical instrument, xvii.
778.
BiJGULMA, town, Russia, IV. 446; XXI.
243.
BuGURUSLAN, town, Russia, IV. 446;
XXI. 243.
Buhle, Johann Gottlieb, German scholar,
IV. 446.
Buhl-Work, iv. 446; xiii. 81.
Building, iv. 447 (index, 513); 11. 382;
materials and construction in ancient
Rome, XX. 808; in ancient Venice,
XXIV. 149.
Societies, iv. 513.
Buildings of Justinian, Procopius's
treatise, XIX. 791.
BuiLDWAS Abbey, Shropshire, England,
XXI. 848.
BuiNSK, town, Russia, xxii. 77.
Buitenzorg, town, Java, iv. 514; xill.
606.
Bujal.\NCE, town, Spain, IV 515.
BUJNURD, to^vn, Persia, XVIII. 627
BUK.A, island, Solomon Islands, Pacific,
XXH. 252.
BUKAA, valley, Lebanon, Syria, XIV.
393-
BUKA Leaves (Buchu), drug, iv. 415
BUKEREBE, lake island, Central Africa,
XVII. 504.
BilKH.ARA (Bokhara, }.».), country and
to\vn. Central Asia, IV. i.
BUKHOREST (Bucharest, q.v.), town,
Roumania, iv. 414.
BUKINDO, vUlage, Central Africa, xvil.
504.
BUKIT Barisan, mountains, Sumatra,
XXII. 638.
BuKjCEN Fjord, Norway, xvil 576
BUKOWINA, duchy, Austria, iv. 515.
Bulacan, to^vn, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, IV. 515.
BULAK (Boolak), town, Egypt, vii. 769;
museum at, XV. 543.
BULANDSHAHR, district, India, IV. 515.
BULANES, ancient European people,
XIX. 285.
Bulankul, lake. Central Asia, XVIII.
103.
BULARCHUS, Greek mural painter, xvii.
41.
Bulbils, of plants, iv. 99; xx. 423.
Bulbs, of plants, iv. 99; xx. 423.
BuLDUR, lake, Asia Minor, II. 709.
BULGARELLI, Marianna, patroness of
Metastasio, xvil 104.
BULGARI, religious sect, XVIII. 434.
Bulgaria, province of European
Turkey, IV. 516; as autonomous prin-
cipality, XXIII. 652.
, Church of (Greek), XI. 158; United
Bulgarians (Church of Rome), XX. 63 1 .
Bulgarian Language and Litera-
ture, XXII. 149; dictionaries of
language, VII. 188.
Bulgarians, subdivision of Slavs, xxil.
145, 147; their wars with the Greeks, XI.
115; their relation to the Huns, xii.
382.
Bulgarin, Thaddaus, Russian writer,
IV. 517.
Bulgarinus, jurist of 15th century, IV.
Bulgaro-Vlach Empire, xxiv. 269.
Bulgarus, Italian jurist, iv. 517.
BULGHAR-DAGH,niountain3j Asia Minor,
II. 705.
Bulkheads, in ships, xxi. 815.
Bull, papal letter, iv. 519; XXI. 589;
, Brazen, of Phalaris, xviii. 730.
, Sacred (Apis), II. 173; v. 244.
, George, bishop of St David's, IV.
517-
, John, English composer and organ-
ist, IV. 517.
I Bdll, Stephen, English sea-captain, xxi.
496.
Bulla, geuus of MoUusca; xvi. 655,
, ornamont and seal, IV. 518; XXI.
589.
AUREA, important chart:r, x.
757-
Bull Account, stock excliange term,
I. 92.
Bull Dog, vii. 330.
BULLEN (Boleyn, q.v.), Anne, wife of
Henry VIII. of England, IV. 4.
BULLERS of Buchan, Scotland, I. 44.
Bullfinch, bird, iv. 518; ix. 192.
Bull Frog, ix. 796; heart of, i. 764.
Bull-Head, fish, xii. 690; xxii. 68.
Bullinger, Heinrich, Swiss Reformer,
IV. 518; his relation to Socinus, XXll.
228.
Bullion, iv. 518.
BULLOM, countiy. Sierra Leone, West
Africa, XXII. 44.
Bull Run, U.S.A., Battles of (1861,
1862), XXIII. 775, 777.
Bull Steam-Engine, xxii. 476; xxiv.
414.
Bull-Terrier, dog, vii. 331.
Bull-Trout, fish, XXL 222.
BULOV/, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian
general, IV. 520.
Bulow's Observatory, Botn^amp,
Germany, xvii. 712.
BULOZ, Fran9oi3, French litteratpor,
XVIII. 540.
Bulrush, plant, xx. 319; xxi. 62.
Bulsar, town, India, XXII. 667.
BULWER, Sir Henry, Lord Bailing, vi.
780.
, John, on teaching deaf-mutfes,
VII. 6.
Bulwer-Clayton Treaty, vi. 782.
BULWER Lytton, E. G. F. L. (Lord
Lytton), English novelist, XV. 121.
BUMBIREH, lake island. Central Africa,
XVII. 504.
BUMPOOR (Bampur), to^vn, Persia,
xvui. 627.
Uunarbashi, 'Turkey in Asia, reputed
site of Troy, XXIII. 580.
Bundarra (Bhandara), district and
to^\Ti, India, III.. 627.
Bundelas, tribe, India, IV. 521.
Bundelkhand, or Bundelcund, district,
India, IV. 520.
Bundesrath, German federal council,
X. 463.
Bundi, Rajput state, I^dia,IV. 521; xx.
260.
Bungarus, genus of snakes, XXII. 196.
Bunker Hill, U.S.A., Battle of (1775),
IV. 521; XV. 616; XXIII. 741.
BUNNOO (Bannu), district, India, XX.
109
BUNODONTA, group of ungulate mam-
mals, XV. 430.
BuNOTHERiA, group of fossil mammals,
XV. 442.
72
B U N — B U R
BUNSEN, Christian Charles Josias,
Baron von, IV. 521.
BUNSENITE, mineral, XVI. 385.
Bunting, bird, iv. 525; xvii. 534.
, Jabez, Wcsleyan divine, iv. 526.
BUNVAN, John, Puritan divine, iv. 526;
his place in English literature, viu.
424.
BUNZL.4U, town, Bohemia, IV. 530.
, to^vn, Prussia, IV. 530.
BUOCHSERSEE, part of the Lake of
Lucerne, Switzerland, xv. 41.
BUONAFEDE, Apjiiano, Italian philo-
sophical waiter, iv. 530.
Buonaparte (Bonaparte) FaiMilv,
IV. 27; xvii. 192.
Buonarroti, Michelangelo, Italian
painter and sculptor, xvi. 229; XXI.
435. 569-
Buonco.mpagno, Ugo (Pope Gregory
Xin.), XI. .178.
Buononcini, Giovanni Battista, Italian
musical composer, XI. 435; xvii. 92.
BUONVICINI, Domenico, disciple of
Savonarola, xxi. 337.
Buoy, floating signal, IV. 530; illu-
minated, XIV. 626.
, Life, XIV. 573.
Buoyan'CV, Centre of, in ships, xxi.
812.
BUPALUS, Greek sculptor, IV. 531.
Buphonia, Greek religious festival, IV.
53>-
Buraech (Bhaiaich), district and town,
India, III. 628; XVIII. 72.
bUR/EUS, Johannes, Swedish scholai-,
XXII. 754.
BURBACE, James, tlieatre manager, XXI.
760; XXIII. 224.
, Richard, actor, XXI. 761.
BURC.\RDUS, Joannes, his diary, I.
490.
Burckhardt, John Ludwig, Swiss
traveller, IV. 531.
Burckhardt's Comet, vi. 191.
Burdeana, Jacob (Baradsus), Syriac
writer, VI. 354; XIII. 539; XXII. S33.
BURDEKIN, river, Queensland, xx.
171.
BURDER, George, author of Village
Sermons, iv. 531.
Burdett, Sir Francis, English poli-
tician, IV. 532.
BURDICALA (Bordeaux), ancient towTi,
France, iv. 52.
BURDOC-K, jilaiit, XXIII. 307.
BURDWAN (Bardwan), district and town,
India, III. 371
BURE, state, Senegambia, XXI. 663.
Burg, town, Prussia, iv. 532.
Burgage, form of tenure, iv. 532.
Burgas, department, Koumelia, XXI.
22.
, Las, mineral springs, Spain, xvii.
827.
Burgdorf, town, Switzerland, IV. 532;
Froebel's schools at, IX. 793.
BOrger, Gottfried August, German
poet, IV. 532; X. 540; Scott's transla-
tions from, XXI. 546.
Burgersdvk, Francis, Dutch logician,
IV. 533-
Burgess, possessor of borough rights,
IV. 62; XVII. 27.
, Daniel. English Dissenting divme,
IV. 533.
, Thomas, bishop of SaHsbm-y, IV.
534-
Burgh, in Scotland, iv. 63; xvii. 30.
Burghaz (Bourgas), town, Turkey, IV.
176.
Burgh Castle, Suffolk, England,
Roman remains at, XXll. 622.
BURCHEAD, town, Scotland, viil. 130.
Burghers, Scottisli religious denomin-
ation, viii. 528; X. 572; XV. 132;
xxiii. 728.
Burchlev, Loid (William Cecil), min-
ister of Queen Elizabeth, V. 283.
House, Northampton, Englana,
XVII. 557.
Burgkmair, Hans, German engi'aver,
IV. 534.
Burglary, crime, iv. 534.
BURGO, Lucas de, algebraist, I. 512.
BURGONET, helmet, XI. 637.
BURGOS, province, Spain, XXII. 298.
■ . — , town, Spain, iv. 534; sculptures
in catliedial, XXI. 567.
Burgoyne, John, British general, iv.
535: xxiii. 744
, Sir John Fox, British field-marshal,
IV. 535.
Burgundians, party, in France, ix.
548; XVIII. 290.
BuRGUNDio, Italian jurist, IV. 535.
BURGUNDIONUM Lex, ancient law code,
XXI. 215.
Burgundy, duchy and province,
France, IV. 533; under Cliarles the
Bold, V. 424; its connexion with Hol-
land, XII. 73; war with Switzerland,
xxil. 786.
, House of, IX. 548; its connexion
with the Capet family, V. 55.
Pitch, ix. 223, 711.
Wine, xxiv. 606.
Burhanpur, town, India, iv. 536;
xvii. 509.
Burial, iv. 537; ix. 824; in church-
yards and cemeteries, v. 329; regis-
trafion of, xx. 343.
Acts, iv. 537; as affecting Noncon-
formists, XVII. 533; parishes formed
by them in England, xviii. 296.
Customs, ix. 824; mummy-mak-
ing, XVII. 20; Phcrnician, xviii. 810;
Tibetan, xxiii. 344.
OF Sir John Moore, Wolfe's
poem, XXIV. 630.
Vaults, ancient, v. 206.
Burias, island, Philippines, XVIII. 752.
BukiATS, Jlongolian race, iv. 538; XVl
750; xxiu. 510.
BURIDAN, Jean, French philosopher, IV.
538.
Burin, for engi-a\Tng, viiI. 439.
Burke, Edmund, British statesman
and writer, IV. 538; Vlii. 357; on the
beautiful, 1. 223; on chivalry, XIV.
126; on Junius, XIII. 775; his place in
English literature, Viii. 433.
, Richard, son of Edmund Buike,
IV. 549.
, Robert CHaia, Australian ex-
plorer, IV. 550; III. 106.
BURKHARDT, George (Spalatin), German
humanist and Reformer, xxil. 365.
Burlamaqui, Jean Jacq^ues, Smss
philosopher, IV. 550.
Burleigh, Lord (William Cecil), min-
ister of Queen Elizabeth, v. 283.
Burlesque, kind of comedy, vii. 437.
Burlington (Bridlington), town, Eng-
land, IV. 342.
, to^vn, Iowa, U.S.A., IV. 551.
, town. New 'Jersey, U.S.A., iv.
550.
, town, Vermont, U.S.A., IV. 550;
XXIV. 167, 168.
, First Earl of (Richard Boyle), iv.
184
, Third Earl of, his architectural
works, II. 444.
BuRM.\H, empire, Asia, IV. 551; Shan
states connected with, XXl. 773; birds
of, III. 761; ruby mines, XXI. 48;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
, British, IV. 560; XII. 734, 806,
S08.
BUR.MANN, Pieter, Dutcli echolai-, IV.
562.
Bur.meister, Hermann C. C, on Uii-ds,
XVIII. 26, 27.
Burmese, race, iv. 552; their language
and literature, I v. 555.
Burn, Dr Richard, on the poor laws,
XIX. 470.
Burner, for lamps, xiv. 243.
Burnes, Sir Alexander-, traveller,
CeDjral Asia, jv. 562; his visit to
Cabul, 1. 240
Burnet, fof^ge plant, i. 378.
, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, his-
torian, IV. 562; his estimate of Leigh-
ton, XIV. 428.
, Thomas, English \viiter, IV. 564.
Burnett, James (Loi-d Monboddo),
Scottish philosopher, XVI. 719.
Burnett-Salmon, Australian fish,
XII. 686.
Burnev, Charles, English wTiter on
music, IV. 564; on the organ, xvil.
837; on the 2)ianoforte, XIX. 73.
, Charles, English scholar, iv.
565.
, Frances (JIadame IVAiblay),
English authoress, VI. 821.
Burning-Glasses, Invention of, 11.
103.
Eurnlev, town, England, I v. 565.
B U K — B Y E
73
BURNOUF, Eugine, French Orientalist,
IV. 566.
, Jean Louis, French scholar, IV.
566.
Burns, in surgery, xxii. 681.
, Robert, Scottjish poet, IV. 566; his
J)lace in English literature, VIIL 429.
BURNSIDE, Ambrose Everett, AmErican
general, xxiii. 777, 788.
Burnt Clay, as manure, i. 351.
Burntisland, town, Scotland, iv. 571.
Burnt Umber, pigment, xix. 88.
Burr, Aaron, vice-president of United
States, xxill. 756, 758, 78S; his duel
with Hamilton, Xi. 413.
Burra, East and West, islands, Shetland,
Scotland, xvil. 846.
Burra-Burra, town and copper mine,
South Australia, ill. 109; XXII. 284.
Burra V, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvil.
846
Bur-Reed, plant, xx. 319.
BURRHEL, Nepalese sheep, XXI. 785.
Burring, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
657.
BURRiSAL (Barisal), town, India, III.
248.
BURRIUM, Roman station, Monmouth,
England, XVI. 754.
BURRO, mountain, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv.
19.
BURROUGH, Edward, English Quaker,
XX. 147.
, Stephen, Arctic explorer, xix.
316.
BuRROW-DucK, bird, xxi. 788.
BURRUS, Afranius, general of Nero,
XVII. 348.
BURLiEE (Barsi), town, India, XXI. 832.
BURSLEM, town, England, IV. 571; xxii.
442.
Burton, or Burton-on-Trent, town,
England, IV. 571, 265; xxii. 442.
, Sir Richard F., his African explor-
ations, I. 247; X. 194; xxii. 390.
, Robert, English moralist, IV. 571;
on tobacco, XXIII. 427.
Burton-on-Trent, town, England, iv.
571; XXII. 442; its breweries, IV.
265.
Burtscheid, tavm, Prussia, IV. 572.
Buru, island, Indian Archipelago, IV.
572-
Burut (Buriats, q.v.), Mongolian tribes,
XIV. 94.
Bury, town, England, iv. 573.
St Edmunds, town, England, IV.
573; XXII. 622.
Buseecq, Augier Ghislen de, Flemish
traveller, IV. 574.
Busby, Richard, headmaster of "Weet-
minster School, IV. 574.
BusCA, town, Italy, IV. 574.
Busching, Anton Friedrich, German
geographer, IV. 574.
Bushahr (Bushire), town, Persia, iv.
574; XVIII. 628.
Bush-Hawk, bird, xiv. 54.
Bushire, " or Bushahr, town, Persia,
IV. 574; XVIII. 628.
Bushmen, African race, iv. 575 ; i.
264.
BusHNELL, Horace, American theo-
logian, IV. 576.
BusiRls, mythical Egyptian king, IV.
576; XIX. 559.
, ancient town, Egypt, IV. 576.
Bussa, to-ivn, on Niger, Africa, XVII.
497-
Bussaheer (Bassahir), state) India,
III. 424.
Bussorah, or Basra, town, Asiatic
Turkey, IV. 577; VIII. 671; XVI. 562,
59°. 592; gum of, XI. 276.
Bussy-Rabutin, Comte de, French
author, XX. 202; his relations with
Madame de Sevigne, XXI. 704.
Eustamite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Bustar (Bastar), state, India, III. 425;
Bustard, bird, iv. 578.
BUSTO Arsizio, town, Italy, IV. 579.
3USUANGA, island, Philippines, XVIII.
752-
Butades, Greek potter, IV. 579; II.
347-
Butane, in chemistry, v. 557; XVIII.
238.
Butcher-Bird, IV. 579; XXI. 845.
BUTE, county, Scotland, IV. 579; area
and population, XXI. 528; representa-
tion, XXIII. 727.
, Earl of (John Stuart), English
statesman, IV. 581; viii. 357.
BUTEA Kino, drug, xiv. 91.
Buti, Lucrezia, reputed mistress of
Lippi, XIV. 684.
BUTILIN, leader of the Alemanni, XVII.
233-
Butler, Alban, author of Lives of the
Saints, IV. 582.
, Charles, English writer, IV. 582.
, James, first earl of Ormonde, XIII.
260.
, James, twelfth earl (first duk^ of
Ormonde, xvn. 854.
, Joseph, bishop of Durham, IV.
582; his Analcigy of Religion, I. 792;
II. 192; his etliical system, VIII. 600;
on scepticism, XXI. 384; his place in
English literature, VIII. 431.
• , Samuel, author of Hudibras, IV.
588; as satirist, XXI. 319; his place in
English literature, VIII. 424.
, William Archer, Irish philoso-
phical writer, IV. 590.
BUTO, Egyptian goddess, IV. 590.
Butrinto, to%vn, Albania, IV. 590.
BUTSCHETJE, or Butshetsh, mountain,
Transylvania, v. 127; XXIII. 521.
BUTTAUF, plain, Palestine, xviil. 171.
Butte, town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi.
774-
Butte-aux-Cailles, heights, Paris,
XVIII. 274.
Butter, iv. 590; vi. 770; xvi. 304;
adulteration of , i. 17'; Cork trade in,
VI. 406; imitation, xvii. 760.
, Nathaniel, publisher of ', early
English newspaper, XVii. 413. •
Buttercup; plant, xx. 272.
Butterfues, group of insects, IV. 592;
XIII. 151; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
Butterine, substitute for butter, iv.
592.
Buttermilk, xvi. 304.
Butter Nut, xvii. 664.
Butterwort, insectivorous plant, Xlli.
137-
BUTTERWORTH, town. Straits Settle-
ments, XXII. 587.
Buttes-Chaumont, heights, Paris,
XVIII. 274.
Buttmann, Philipp Karl, German
philologist, IV. 598.
Button, and button making, iv. 598.
, Sir Thomas, Arctic explorer, XIX.
317-
Buttress, in architecture, 11. 461.
Buturlinovka, town, Russia, xxiv.
298.
BUXAR (Baxar), to^vn, India, III. 454.
Buxtehude, Dietrich, musician, xviL
90.
Buxton, town, England, IV. 600; mine-
ral water of, XVI. 433.
1, Jedidiah, arithmetical prodigy, IV
601.
, Sir Thomas FoweU English phil-
anthropist, IV. 601; slavery abolitionist,
XXII. 141.
Buxtorf, John (d. 1629), German
Hebraist, IV. 601; XI. 601.
, John (d. 1664), Hebraist, IV. 60?.
Buyantu Khan, Mongol ruler, XVI.
742.
Buyer, his legal position, xxi. 206.
Buys-Ballot's Law, of the winds, ill.
29; XVI. 147.
Buzghol-Khana, pass. Central Asia,
xn. 3.
Buzutuk, town, Russia, XXI. 243.
Buzzard, bird, I v. 603; moor-buzzard,
XI. 491.
Byblis, insectivorous plant, XIII. 137.
Byblus (Papyrus), Egyptian plant, Vli.
711.
, town, Phoenicia, xiii. 613; xvill.
804.
Byelava, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
Byeleff, or Bieleff, town, Russia, in.
667; xxiii. 605.
Byelo-Ozero, lake, Russia, xvii.
606.
Byelovyesh Pushcha, forest, Lithu-
ania, XIV. 701.
Byelozersk, town-, Russia, xvn. 607.
Bvelyi, town, Russia, XXII. 183.
Byerly Turk, progenitor of race-
horses, XII. 182, 184.
Byezhetsk, or Biezhetz, town, Russii,
ill. 668; XXIII. 672.
XXV. — 10
74
BYLLINGE, Edward, American Quaker,
XX. 15a
Byng, George, Viscount Torrington,
admiral, iv. 603.
, Jolm, British admiral, IV. 604; IX.
5S8.
Bynkershoek, Corneliua van, Dutch
jurist, IV. 604.
BVRD, William, English musical com-
poser, XVII. 85; xxiii. 34.
Byrgius, Justus, logarithmist, Xiv. 775.
Byrichrite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Byrne, Nicholas, English journalist,
XVII. 417.
Byrom, John, English poet, IV. 604; his
hymns, XII. 594; his system of short-
hand, XXI. S37.
Byron, Lord, English poet, I v. 604; his
influence on the drama, vil. 438; as
satirist, XXI. 320; his relations with
Shelley, XXI. 791 ; his place in English
literature, VIII. 433.
, John, British admiral, iv. 612: X.
189.
Byrsa, citadel of Carthage, V. 162.
Byssoute, mineral, XVI. 417.
Bystrom, Johann Nicolaus, Swedish
sculptor, IV. 612; XXI. 570..
Byzantine Architecture, ii. 422; at
Venice, XXI v. 148.
Byzantine Empire, xi. 106, 114.
Byzantine Glass-Making, x. 650
Byzantine Historians, iv. 612.
Byzantine Literature, xi. 145.
Byzantine Painting, xvii. 43.
Byzantine Sculpture, xxi. 556.
Byzantium (Constantinople), ancient
Greek city, IV. 615; coins of, xvii.
654; libraries, xiv. 512.
Cthe third letter of the alphabet, iv.
> 616.
Caaba (Kaba, q. v.), sacred stone, Mecca,
XV. 672
Cab, hackney carriage, v. 136.
Cabagan, towTi, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, IV. 616.
Cabal, advisers of Charles II., iv. 619;
XV. 308; the name an acrostic, I. 12I.
Cabale und Liebf Schiller's play,
XXI. 396.
Caballerias, Spanish romances, xxii.
355-
Caballero, Fernan (Cecilia Bohl von
Faber), Spanish novelist, vm. 833;
XXII. 362.
Caballos, Puerto, town, Honduras, XII.
130.
Cabanis, Jean, on birds, xviii. 29.
, Pierre Jean George, French physio-
logist, IV. 616; IX. 673; XXIII. 497.
Cabarrus, Francois, Spanish financier,
IV. 617.
Cabassou, kind of armadillo, XV. 387.
Cab.\tuan. to\yn, Philippine Islands,
IV. 617.
B Y L — C A E
Cabazera, town, Philippine Islands, iv.
617.
Cabb.\ge, vegetable, IV. 617; XII. 280';
culture of, I. 369; Kerguelen, XIV. 49.
Cabbala, or Kabbalah, Jewish theo-
sophy, XIII. 810; XX. 490; its relation
to alchemy, I. 461.
Cabenda, or Kabinda, town. West
Africa, iv. 618; Xiv. 743.
Cabet, :6tienne, French communist, IV.
618.
Cabeza del Buey, town, Spain, IV.
618.
Cabeza de Vaca, Nunez Alvaro,
Spanish explorer, xvil. 662.
Cabiadis, Dr, his observations on the
plague, xix. 159.
Cabinda, town, West Africa, IV. 618;
XIV. 743.
Cabinet, The British, IV. 618; viii.
260; XVI. 472.
, in United States, XXIII. 750.
Government, xi. 13; beginning
of, in England, VIII. 352.
Cabinetmaking, IV. 499.
Cabinets, furniture, ix. 850.
Cabira, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
Cabiri, in mythology, IV. 620; XI. 679;
XVIII. 803; mysteries of the, XXL
250.
Cable, for ship, iv. 621; xxi. 597; as
kind of rope, XX. 843.
, Submarine telegraphic, XXIII. 114.
Cable-Holder, v. 78.
Cabl"! Tramways, xxiii. 508.
Caboche, Jean, mob-leader in Paris,
(1412-18), XVIII. 290.
Cabochians, party in Paris, ix. 549;
XVIII. 290.
Cabo Corso ^Cape Coast Castle), town.
West Africa, v. 41.
Cabot, John, navigator, iv. 622; x. 1S3.
, Sebastian, English navigator, iv.
622; X. 183; XIX. 316; his discoveries
in South America, II. 489.
Cabr.\, town, Spain, iv. 623.
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, Portuguese
navigator, X. 181; his landing in
Brazil, IV. 228.
Cabrera, one of the Balearic Islands,
in. 278.
, or Caprera, island, Italy, V. 77.
CaJJUL, town and province, Afghanistan,
IV. 623; river, I. 228.
Caburet, issue of Indian and Negress,
XVII. 319.
Cacao (Cocoa), tree and fruit, VI. 100.
Caccabis, genus of birds, XVIII. 333.
Caccia del Falcone, Lorenzo dei
Medici's work, xv. 786
Caccianimici, Gherardo de (Pope
Lucius II.), XV. 48.
Caccini, Giulio, Italian musician, XVII.
86.
Caceres, provinco Soain, vm. 564;
XXII. 29S.
, town, Spain, IV. 624,
Cachalot, sperm whale, xv. 396; xxiv.
525.
Cachao, town, Anam, iv. 624.
Cacheo, or Cachao, town, West Africa,
IV. 624.
Cachexia, disease, xv. 317; xviii. 270,
395-
Cachoeira, to\vn, Brazil, IV. 624.
Cacongo, or Kakongo, kingdom.
West Africa, IV. 625; XI v. 742.
Cacoxene, mineral, xvi.-4o5.
Cactus, group of plants, iv. 625; in
United States, XXIII. 810; culture of
XII. 265.
Cadahalso, Josi de> Spanish poet, iv.
626.
Caddis-Flies, insects, xiii. 151.
Caddos, American-Indian tribe XIL
832.
Cade, Jack, Insurrection in England
under (1450), vm. 327; XI. 66i; XI'I.
.261; XXII. 725.
Cadency, in heraldry, XI. 704.
Cader Idris, mountain, Wales, XVi.
38-
Cadi, Moslem judge, xvi. 591; xxil.
664.
Cadiz, province, Spain, XXII. 298.
, town, Spain, IV. 626; observatory
at, XVII. 713.
Cadmea, citadel, Thebes, Greece, XXIII.
229. •
Cadmium, chemical element,' iv. 628;
V. 526.
Cadmus, in Greek legend, iv. 629; xi.
480; traditional inventor of the
alphabet, XVIII. S06.
, Mount, Asia Minor, II. 706.
Cadolous . (Honorius II., ■ antipope;,
XIX. 498.
Cadoor (Kadur), district, India, XIII.
815.
Cadore, Tiziano Vicellio da- (Titian),
Italian painter, XXIII. 413.
Cadoudal, Georges, French royalist, "V.
687.
Caduceus, Greek symbol of herald's
office, IV. 629.
Cadusians, Persian expedition against
them, XVIII. 578.
Cadzow Castle, Lanark, Scotland, xi.
411.
Cadzow Forest, Scotland, Wild cattle
of, V. 245.
Cecili^e, order of Amphibia, I. 751 .
C.CCILIAN, bishop of Carthage, VII.
359-
C<«dmon, Anglo-Saxon poet, IV. 629;
vm. 280, 405; XVII. 570
C/ELIUS Antipater, Roman annalist,
XIV. 729.
Caen, town, France, iv. 631; university
of, XXIII. 841.
C^RE, ancient town, Etruria, IV. 632;
VIII. 634.
Caereinion, Wales, remains of British
camp at, xvi. 7S9.
C A E — C A L
75
Caer-Gwent, ancient British torni,
England, XVII. 595.
Caerleon, town, Monniouth, England,
IV. 632; xvj. 754.
(Chester), England, Battle of
(c. 613), XVII. 569.
Caermarthen, county and town,
Wales, V. 114, 115.
Caernarvon, county and town, Wales,
V. iiS, 119.
CAER\VENT,Monmouth,England, Roman
station at, xvi. 754.
CiESALPiNUS, Andreas, Italian natural
philosopher, IV. 633; his botanical
work, IV. 79; his alleged discovery of
the circulation of the blood, XI. 504;
XXIV. 95.
CiESAR, Roman title, XX. 777.
— — , Caius Julius, Roman dictator, IV.
633; XX 763; his relations with M.
Antony, II 141 ; with Cleopatra, v.826;
with Pomp«y, XIX. 451 ; in Britain, IV.
352; place nf hi.s landing in England,
XXII. 725; in Gaul, IX. 527; in Spain,
XXII. 306; his adjustment of the
calendar, iv. 666; XXII. 276; his Latin
style, XIV. J33; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 720.
, Sir Julius, English scholar, iv.
639.
C/ESARAUGUSTA (Zaragoza), ancient
town, Spain, XXII. 307; XXIV. 770.
CyEsar Borgia, iv. 53; 1.487,489; ix.
554; XIII. 4S1; XV. 147
CiESAREA, town, Cappadocia, Asia
Jlinor, IV. 640; v. 75.
, town, Maurctania, Africa, XV. 637.
AUGUS'^A (Zaragoza), ancient town.
Spain, XXII. 307; XXIV. 770.
Pales tina, Roman metropolis of
Palestine, iv. 639.
Philippi, town, Palestine, iv. 640.
C«;SARE\N Era, v. 715.
C/ESARODUnum (Tours), ancient town.
France, XXIII. 491.
CjESArs, Lives of the, Suetonius's work,
XXII. 619.
Cn SENA, ancient town, Italy, v. 357.
C esiUM, chemical element, v. i;24; XIX.
592.
Cafe Laurent, Paris literary club,
XXI. 23.
Caffeine, alkaloid, distinctive of coffee,
VI. 112.
CAFFRARIA, CaFFRES, XIII. 816, 818.
See niso Kaffraria, Kaffres.
Cafuso, issue of Negro and Indian,
XVII. 319.
Cage, asnised in mining, vi. 74 ; xvi.
456, 462.
Cagli, town, Italy, iv. 640.
Cagliari, town, Sardinia, IV. 640; x.xi.
309.
, Paolo (Veronese), Italian painter,
XXIV. 173.
Cagliostro, Alessanffro, Count, char-
latan, IV. 641; VII. 52.
CaGN, South-African god, XVII. 136.
Cagniardelle, blasting machine, xvi.
60.
Cagniard-i^atour, Baron, on the
temperature and pressure of gases,
XIX. 245.
Cagnola, Luigi, Marquis, Italian archi-
tect, IV. 641.
Cagnoli's Formula, in trigonometry,
XXIII. 567.
Cago (Oporto), ancient town, Portugal,
XVII. 796.
CAGOTS,race of people, France and Spain,
IV. 641.
Cagua, mountain, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 749.
Cahirciveen. stone fort, Ireland,
XIV. 52.
Cahors, town, France, IV. 642; uni-
versity of, XXIII. 839.
Caiazzo, town, Italy, iv. 648
Caicos Islands, West Indies, III. 236;
XIIL 549.
Caicus, river, Mysia, Asia Minor, 11.
708; XVII. 122.
Caieta (Gaeta), ancient town, Italy, X.
14.
Cailcedra, tree. Senegamhia, xxi.
662.
Cailletet, his liquefaction of gases,
XIX. 245; his api>aratus, Xll. 433.
Caillette, French jester, IX. 366.
Cailli^, or Caillc, Rene, French African
traveller, IV. 642; I. 246.
Cain, of Scripture, iv. 642.
Ca'ing Whale, cetacean, XXIV. 525.
Cainites, Gnostic sect, iv. 642
Cainozoic Rocks, x. 360.
Cairo, James, on the growing of wheat,
I- 357-
Cairn, pile of stones, iv. 642.
Cairnes, John Elliot, political econo-
mist, IV. 643; XIX. 380.
Cairngorm, mountain, Scotland, Xlll.
199.
, precious stone, iv. 644; 1.43; xvi.
389.
Cairo, town, Egypt, iv. 645; l. 267;
VII. 751, 769; library, XIV. 549;
mosques, II. 446; XVI. 865.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., XII. 706
Caisson, in engineering, iv. 647; II.
461; for harbours, XI. 471; in bridge-
building, IV. 325; VI. 114.
Caithness, county, Scotland, iv. 647;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727; ancient remains
in, XXI. 51.
Caius, Roman presbyter, on Cerinthus,
V. 346.
, John, founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, iv. 648; XV. 808; on
birds, XVIII. 3; on the sweating sick-
ness, XXII. 734.
C<ESAR Calicula, Roman em-
peror, IV. 706; XX. 772, 775.
College, Cambridge, IV. 731.
Cajamarca (Caxamarca), town, Peru,
V. 279.
Cajatambo, town, Peru, V. 279.
Cajazzo, town, Italy, iv. 648.
Cajeput Oil, iv. 648; from Buru, iv.
573-
Cajetan, Benedict (Pope Boniface
VIII.), IV. 33.
, Cardinal, papal legate to Germany,
IV. 649; XV. 73.
Cakuntala, Sanskrit drama, xill. S29.
Calab.\r, country. West Africa, IV.
649; river, I. 254.
Bean, poisonous jilant, iv. 650;
III. 461.
Calaber, Quintus, Greek poet, xx. 188.
Calabozo, town, Venezuela, IV. 650;
XXIV. 140.
Calabria, district, Italy, iv. 650; xili.
439; coins of, XVII. 637.
Caladium, stove plant, XII. 266.
Calafate, plant, Patagonia, XVIII. 353.
Calah, Ruins of, Nineveh, xvii. 512.
Calahonda, village, Spain, XVII. 4.
Calahorra, town, Spain, iv. 651.
Calais, town, France, iv. 651; xviil.
339-
Calaite, mineral, XVI. 405; XXIII. 670.
Calamariid.€, family of snakes, XXII.
192.
Calamianes, islands, Philippines,
XVIII. 752.
Calamine, mineral, xvi. 398; xxiv.
784; electric, polarity of, xix. 312.
Calamis, Greek sculptor, II. 354.
Calamities of Authors, D'Israeli's
work, VII. 260.
Calamus, genus of palms, xviii. 189.
, incense, xil. 718.
, ancient writing implement, xviii.
483.
Dflaco, plant, vii. 385.
Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist
divine (d. 1666), Iv. 652.
, Edmund, Nonconfoimist divine
(d. 1732), IV. 652.
Calandra Granaria, wheat pest,
XXIV. 536.
Calandrella. eenus of birds, xiv.
315-
Calapan, town, Philiiuine Islands,
XVIII. 752.
Calaphates, Michael V., Uyzantine
emperor, xvi. 226.
Calas, Jean, French Protestant, IV. 652;
Voltaire's vindication of, xxiv. 290.
Calasanza, Joseph, founder of the
Piarists, XIX. 78.
Calasio, Mario de, Italian Biblical
scholar, IV. 653.
Calatafimi, to\m, Sicily, iv. 653.
Calatagirone, town, Sicily, iv. 712
Calatanisetta, town, Sicily, iv. 713;
XXII. 31.
Calatavud, town, Spiin, iV. 653.
Calatrava, Spanish crusading erdcr,
XXII. 316
76
C A L — C A E
Calauria, island, Greece, xix, 531;
amphictyony of, I. 773.
Calaveras, California, U.S.A., gigantic
trees of, XXI. 674; XXIIL 810.
Calbe-on-'THE-Saale, town, Prussia,
xni. «26.
Calcar, John de, German painter, iv.
653-
Calcarea, class of sponges, xxii. 421
Calcareous Spar, iv. 653.
Calcareous Springs, x. 270.
Calcedon (Chalcedon), ancient town,
Asia Minor, v. 371.
Calcedony, or Chalcedony, precious
stone, 1. 277; XVI. 389; XVII. 776;
XXI. 310.
Calceolaria, greenhouse plant XII.
262.
Calchas, Greek soothsayer, IV. 653.
CaIjCHEDON (Chalcedon), town, Asia
Minor, V. 371.
Calcisponges, XXII. 418.
Calcite, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 396.
Calcium, chemical element, v. 525;
XI v. 647; as plant food, XIX. 49.
Fluoride (Fluor-spar), nrineral,
IX. 349.
Calcophyllite, mineral, XVl. 407.
Calc-Spar, mineral, IV. 653; xiv. 647;
XVI. 396.
Calculating Machines, iv. 654;
Babbage's, III. 178.
Calculation, Arithmetical, 11. 526.
Calculus, concretion in the bladder,
XXIV. 189.
', Infinitesimal, XIII. 5; claims of
Leibnitz and Newton to the discovery
of, XIV. 4i9t XVII. 446; differential,
XIIL 13; integral, XIII. 33.
OF FtmCTlONS, IX. 823.
OF Variations, xxiv. 85; Que to
Lagrange, XIV. 207.
Calcutta, capital of India, iv. 656;
rise of, XIL 800; jute trade of, XIII.-
801; libraries, XIV. 533; newspapers,
XVII. 432; university, XXIII. 856.
Caldani, Leopold Marco Antonio,
Italian anatomist, IV. 659.
Caldas, Brazil, hot springs of, IV.
223.
DE MOMBUY, Spain, mineral
water of, XVI. 434.
Caldeiras, boiling fountains, Azores,
IIL 171.
Calder, Sir Bohert, British admiral,
IV. 659.
Calderon, Sei-afin Est^banez, Spanish
satirist, XXII. 361.
de la Barca, Pedro, Spanish
dramatist, iv. 659; VII. 422: XXII.
359-
C alderwood, David, Scottish historian,
IV. 661.
Caldicot Castle, Monmouth, Eng-
land, XVI. 754.
Caldiero, Italy, Battle of (1796), in.
131-
Cale (Oporto), ancient seaport, Portugal.
xviL 795.
Caleb Williams, Godwin's novel, x.
718.
Caledonia, ancient Northern Britain,
IV. 662; xxi. 471.
, Chalmers's wort, V. 373.
, Canada, mineral water of, XVI.
436.
Caledonian Canal, iv. 787.
Caledonite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Calenberg, principality, Hanover, IV.
664.
Calendar, iv. 664; v. 711; reformation
of, by Caesar and Sosigencs, IV. 638;
XXII. 276; by Gregory XIII., XI. 178;
Accadian, ill. 191; Burmese, iv. 555;
Egyptian, VII. 728 ; French Republican,
IX. 606; Gregorian, or New Style, IV.
671; ancient Mexican, I. 695; xvi.
212; Nepalese, XVII.- 343; Siamese,
xxi. 853.
Calendario, Filippo, Venetian arajii-
tect and conspirator, xxiv. 1 53.
Calender, machine for dressing cloth,
IV. 682; for glossing paper, XVIII.
224.
Calendering, in cloth bleaching, ill.
819.
Calends, first day of the Roman month,
IV. 665.
Calendula, genus of plants, xv. 544.
Calepino, Ambrogio, Italian lexico-
grapher, IV. 683 ; his polyglott dic-
tionary, VIII. S43.
Calf of Man, islet, Irish Sea, xv.
450.
Calf Skins, for tanning, xiv. 380, 386.
Calhoun, John Caldwell, American
politician and orator, iv. 6S3; I. 722;
XXIII. 762, 764, 770.
Caliari, Carlo, Italian painter, xxiv.
174.
, Paolo (Veronese), Italian painter,
XXIV. 173.
Calibration, of thermometers, xxiil
289.
Caliche, nitrate of soda, xvil. 518.
Calico, cotton cloth, vi. 488, 500.
Calico-Printing, IV. 684.
Calicut, town, India, iv. 693.
California, State, U.S.A., iv. 694;
topography of, XXIII. 801 ; population,
XXIII. 802; discovery of, by Heman
Cortes, VI. 442; surveyed by Alarcon,
I. 442; aborigines of, XII. 826; birds,
III. 752; jnarine fishes, XII. 679;
forests, IX. 405; gold, X. 743; mines,
XVI. 470; opium cultivation, xvii.
792; sulphur mines, XXII. 634; trees,
XXIII. 809 ; wine industry, xxiv.
6ii.
" , Gulf of, xvill. 116; pearl fisheries,
xvin. 447.
, Lower, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
Californian Toad, lizard, xiv. 736.
Caligraphy, xvhl 143; xxiii. 68-
CALlGULA,CaiusC8e8ar, Roman eaperor,
IV. 706; XX. 772, 775; as Antichrist,
_IL 124.
, Palace of, at Rome, Sx. 823.
Calinga, ancient kingdom. India, XlII.
829.
CalinGAPATAM, town, India, XHI. 8291
Caliph, Mohammedan sovereign, IV.
706; XVI. 589, 591; xxn. 661.
Caliphate, The Eastern, xvi. 565.
of Cordova, xxii. 313.
Caliphates, Coins of the, xvii. 659.
Caliphs, Tombs of the, Cairo, XVI.
865.
Calippus, Greek astronomer, IL 748.
Calisava, quinine, xx. 186.
Calisia (Kalish), ancient town, Poland,
XIII. 829.
Calisthenics, gymnastic exercises, xi.
350-
Calitri, town, Italy, iv. 707.
Calixtines, Christian sect, xvi. 811.
CaliXtus I., or Callistus, pope, iv.
707; XIX. 489; XXL 127.
II., pope, IV. 707; XIX. 499.
III., pope, IV. 707.
, Georgius, Lutheran divine, IV. 707.
Callainite^ minei-al, xxin. 670.
Callais, or Callaina, ancient" precious
stone, XXIII. 670.
Callander, town, Scotland, xviii.
667.
Callao, town, Peru, IV. 707; xiv.
644.
Callatis (Mangalia), ancient town,
Thrace, xv. 479.
Callcott, Sir Au'gustua Wall, English
painter, iv. 708.
, John Wall, English composer, IV.
708.
, Mrs Maria Qraham, English writer,
IV. 708.
Callernish, Druidical stones of,
Lewis, Scotland, xiv. 492.
Calles (Cagli), ancient town, Italy, IV.
64a
Callichthys, genua of fishes, xxii.
69.
Calligraphy, xvin. 143; xxin. 682.
Callimachus, Greek architect and
statuary, IV. 709.
, Greek poet and librarian of the
Alexandrian library, IV. 708; I. 498.
Calliope, Muse of epic poetry, iv. 709;
XVII. 74.
Callipid^, Grasco-Scythian race, xxi.
575-
Callipolis (Gallipoli), ancient town,
Italy, X.- 43.
Callipus, Period or Cycle of, IV. 668.
Callirrhoe, in Greek legend, IV. 709.
Callisthenes, Greek philosopher, IV.
709; his courage and his fate, I. 484. •
, Pseudo-, romancing history of, xx.
640.
Callisto, in Greek mythology,-lv. 709;
XVIII. 208.
C A L — C A M
77
Callistratus, Athenian orator, IV. 709.
, Athenian poet, IV. 709.
Callistus, or Calixtus {q.v.), popes, IV.
707; XIX. 489.
Callithrix, genus of apes, 11. 154.
Calhtris, genus of trees, XVI. 833;
XXI. 256.
Gallon, Greek sculptor, II. 350.
Callophis, genus of snakes, XXII. 196.
Callosities, in mammals, xv. 348.
Callot, Jacques, French engraver and
caricaturist, IV. 709; v. 104.
Callowhill, Hannah, wife of WiUiam
Penn, XVIII. 497.
Calluna, genus of plants, XI. 589.
CalLYODON, genus of fishes, XVIII. 324.
Calmar, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
, town, Sweden, IV. 710; treaty of
union of (1397), vil. 85; xvn. 746.
Cai.MET, Augustine, French Biblical
critic, IV. 710; IX. 671.
Calmeyer Island, Indian Archipelago,
XXII. 653.
Calmucks, or Kalmuks, people, Mon-
golia, IV. 710; XVI. 745, 749; xxiii. 70.
Calne, ton-n, England, IV. 711; XXIV.
594-
Calcenas, genus of birds, XIX. 8,
Calomel, in chemistry and pharmacy,
IV. 711; XVI. 33, 35; as mineral, xvi.
384-
CALOMPfe, town, Cambodia, IV. 725.
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de,
French statesman, IV. 711; IX. 595.
Caloprini, noble family, Venice, XVI.
836.
Caloptenus, genus of locusts, XIV. 766.
Calorimeter, xx. "132; Thompson's,
for coal, VI. 80.
Calorimetry, measurement of quan-
tities of heat, XI. 555.
Calotes, genus of lizards, XIV. 736.
Calotype, in photography, xvill. 824.
Calpe, the ancient Gibraltar, X. 585.
"ALPRENfeDE, Chevalier de la, French
romancist, XX. 659.
Calpurnius, father of St Patrick, xvill.
411.
, Titus, Eoman poet, IV. 712.
— T — Piso, Lucius, Roman annalist, Xiv.
729.
Caltagirone, town, SicOy, I v. 712.
Caltanisetta, town, Sicily, iv. 713;
XXII. 31.
Caltha, genus of plants, XV. 544.
Calthrop, in heraldry, XI. 703.
Caluire-et-Cuire, town, France, XX.
529.
Calumet, American-Indian pipe of
peace, XIX. ii.i.
Copper Mines, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XVL 239; XXIIL 816.
Calvados, department, France, iv. 713.
Calvart, Denis, painter, iv. 713; xx.
396.
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, Eng-
lish statesman, IV. 713; xvil. 385.
Calvi, town, Corsica, IV. 713.
Calvin, Gerard, father of John Calvin,
IV. 714.
, John, Reformer, IV. 714; x. 149;
XX. 334; XXII. 791; hia system of
church order, XIX. 676; his doctrine
of predestination, XIX. 670; hia influ-«
ence on French prose, ix. 654; his re-
lations with Beza, III. 625; with Farel,
IX. 32; with Servetus, XXL 685; with
Socinus, XXIL 228.
Calvinistic Churches, their litur-
gical service, XIV. 711.
Calvinistic Methodists, Welsh, xvL
193.
Calvisius, Sethus, German astronomer,
IV. 721.
Calvus, Licinius, Roman poet, v. 249.
Calw, town, Wiirtemberg, XIII. 830.
Calycadnus, river, Asia Minor, II.
708.
Calydon, ancient town, Greece, IV.
721.
Calymna, islan3, Asia Minor, coins of,
XVII. 647.
Calypso, in Greek mythology, iv. 721.
, Grotto of, Malta, XV. 341.
Calyptoblastea-Leptomedus^, or-
der of Hydrozoa, XII. 561.
CalyptRjEA, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
650.
Calyx, of plants, iv. 131.
Cam, in mechanics, xv. 759.
, Diogo, Portuguese discoverer, IV.
721.
Camahieu, Le. a sardonyx cameo, iv.
739-
GamaLDULIAns, Camaldoli, or Camal-
dolites, religious order, IV. 721; XVI.
708.
Camaracum (Cambray), ancient town,
France, IV. 726.
Camargue, district, Bouches-du-Rhone,
France, I v. 169.
Camarina, ancient town, Sicily, IV. 721 ;
XXIL 814; coins of, XVII. 639.
Camaroon, river. West Africa, I. 254.
Mountains, West Africa, i. 251.
CAMBAciRfes, Jean Jacques Regis de,
French statesman, IV. 722; IX. 613;
XVII. 203.
Cambadene, Parthian kingdom, xviii.
592.
Cambaluc, or Cambalu, ancient capital
of China, IV. 722.
Cambarus Pellucidus, blind cray-
fish, XV. 450.
Cambay, town and gulf, .India, IV.
723.
Cam BERT, Robert, . French musical
composer, IV. 723,
Camberwell, district, London, xiv.
822.
Cambiasi, Luca (Luchetto da Geneva),
Italian painter, X. 158.
Cambium, layer between stem and baric
in trees, iv. loi; XH. 15.
Cambo, France, mineral sprmga of, XX.
127.
Cambodia, kingdom, south-eastern Asia,
IV. 723; its relation to Siam, xxi.
854.
, river, VI. 94.
Crmbodunum, Roman town,. England,
XIL 331.
Cambogia (Gamboge), drug, X. 60.
Cambois Colliery, Northumberland,
England, VI. 63.
Camboja (Cambodia, q.v.), kingdom,
Asia, IV. 723.
Camborne, town, England, iv. 726.
Cambray, or Cambrai, town, France, IV,
726; league and treaty of (1508), IX.
555. 556; XXIV. 144.
Cambrian Rocks, x. 329.
Cambric, muslin, iv. 726.
Cambridge, county, England, IV. 726;
population and representation, xxill.
727.
, town, England, IV. 728 ; univer-
sity, XXIII. 838, 84S; Trinity College,
III. 579; Libraries, XIV. 520, 542;
ne\rspapers, XVII. 422; observatory,
XVXI. 710; boat racing, XXI. 31.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., IV.
732; Harvard College at, XL 500;
libraries, XIV. 550; observatory, XVlL
715-
;, 0. P., on spiders, 11. 294.
Gulf, Western Australia, XXIV.
507.
Moralists, Ethics of the, viil
597-
— PLATONISTS, XIX. 211.
Cambuskenneth Abbey, Scotland,
XXIL 555.
Cambyses, king of Persia, father of
Cyrus, IV. 732
, king of Persia, son of Cyrus,
•V. 733; XVIII. 567; in Egypt,. VIL
743-
Camden, town. New Jersey, U.S.A., IV.
734; XVII. 397.
, town. South Carolina, U.S.A., IV,
734; battle of (1780), XXIII. 744.
, First Earl, lord chancellor of Eng-
land, IV. 735.
, First Marquis, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, XIV. 853.
, William, English antiquary, iv.
734; on anagrams, I. 790.
Camel, ungulate mammal, IV. 735; xv.
430; its affinity to the llama, xiv.
738; of Arabia, II. 242; of Egypt,
VII. 711; of Persia, xvin. 625; of
Turkestan, XXIII. 635, 638.
Cameline Oil, xvn. 745.
Camellia, genus of plants, iv. 737; its
culture as greenhouse plant, XII. 262;
allied to tea, XXIII. 97.
Camelon Causeway, Roman road,
Stirling, Scotland, XXIL 554.
Camelopard, ungulate mammal. X.
618; XV. 432.
78
C A M — C A N
Cameniata, Joanpes, Byzantine his-
torian, IV. 613.
Cameo, engraved relief work, iv. 738;
X. 136.
Camera, Photographic, xviii. 839.
— — LUCIDA, IV. 740.
Obscura, IV. 741; XVIII. 839.
Camerarius, Joachim, Gernian scholar
(d. 1574), IV. 741.
, Joachim, German physician (d.
159S), IV. 741.
Camerino, town, Italy, iv. 741.
Cameron, Charles D., British consul in
Abyssinia, i. 66.
, John, Scottish theologian, IV. 741.
, Kichard, Scottish covenanter, IV.
742.
, V. L., explorer of Central Africa,
I. 249; X. 194.
Cameronians, Scottish religious de-
nomination, IV. 742; XIX. 684; XXI.
516.
Cameronites, or Universalists, re-
ligious sect, IV. 741.
Cameroons, mountains, Africa, IV. 742;
languages of the region, xxiv. 828.
Camiguin, island, Philippines, xvill.
751; volcano, xvni. 749.
Camillo, of Sicily, mystic, xxii. 228.
Camillus, Marcus Furius, Komau
dictator, IV. 742; XX. 740.
and Camilla, juvenile assistants
at Roman sacrifices, iv. 742.
Caminha, Andrade de, Portuguese poet,
IV. 746.
Camirus, town, Rhodes, XX. 526;
gold ornaments from, II. 350.
Camisards, French insurgents, IV.
743; V. 260.
Cammelli, Antonio, Italian poet, XIII.
510.
Cammin, town, Prussia, XIII. 833.
Camoca, Oriental cloth, XXiii. 210.
Camoens, or CamSes, Luiz de, Portu-
guese poet, IV. 745; XIX. 556.
Collection, of books and MSS.,
XIV. 533.
Camomile, or Chamom.ile, plant, xii.
289; flowers, V. 384.
Camp, Intrenched, IX. 466.
, Roman, IV. 750.
CamPjE (Kampen), town, Holland, XIII.
833; xviii. 78.
Campagna, town, Italy, iv. 751.
Di Roma, district, Italy, iv. 751;
XIV. 343.
Campaigns, Military, xxiv. 344.
Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette,
French writer, IV. 751.
Campanella, Tomaso, Italian phila-
Bopher, IV. 751.
, Punta della, cape, Italy, XVII. 187.
Campania, ancient province, Italy; iv.
752; XIII. 439; coins of, XVII. 637.
Felix, Italy, xvii. 187.
Campani-Alimenis, Matteo, Italian
mechanician, iv. 753.
Campanians, Italian people, xxi. 248.
Campanile, bell-tower, iv. 753; Giot-
to's, at Florence, 11. 436; X. 611; cam-
panile at Pisa, XIX. 122; campaniles at
Rome, II. 436; XX. 835; campanile of
St Mark, Venice, XXIV. 153.
Campanus Acer, district, Italy, v. 79.
Campaspe, river, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 215.
Campbell, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, IV. 757.
, Sir Archibald, his expedition
against Burmah, iv. 557.
, Sir Colin, Lord Clyde, British
general, vi. 43.
, George, Scottish theologian and
critic, IV. 754; on rhetoric, XX. 515.
, John. American journalist, XVII.
433-
• , John, Scottish historian, IV. 754.
-. , John M'Leod, of Bow, Scottish
di%-ine, XXI. 538.
, Robert Macgregor (Rob Roy), XX.
608.
, Thomas, English poet, iv; 7^5.
Campbell's Tomb, Egypt, vn. 772.
Campbeltown, town, Scotland, iv.
759-
Campe, Joachim Heinrich, German edu-
cationist, IV. 760.
Campeche, or Campeachy, state,
Mexico, XVI. 214; XXIV. 757; town,
IV. 760; XVI. 214; XXIV. 758.
Campeggio, Lorenzo, cardinal, iv. 760.
CAMPELiENSIS, Gulielmus (William of
Champeaux), scholastic philosopher, V.
3S6; III. 602.
Camper, Peter, Dutch anatomist, iv.
760; I. 815.
Camperdown, Holland, Naval battle
of (l797)> 'V"- 533; vill. 362.
Camphor, aromatic substance, iv. 760;
chemistry of, v. 560; xvil. 748; as
incense, XII. 718; from Formosa, V.
636.
Camphuysen, Dirk Rafaelsz, Dutch
painter, iv. 761.
Campi, Bernardino, Italian painter, IV.
761.
, Giulio, Italian painter, iv. 761.
Campian, Edmund, English Jesuit, iv.
761.
Campidano, Plain of, Sardinia, XXI.
307.
C.\M5LI, town, Italy, iv. 762.
Campoamor, Ramon de, Spanish poet,
XXII. 362.
Campobasso, town, Italy, iv. 762; pro-
vince, XVI. 631.
Campobello, town, Sicily, IV. 702.
DI Licata, town, Sicily, iv. 762.
Campodunum (Kemptcn), Roman town,
Bavaria, XIV. 2;}.
Campo Formio, Italy, Treaty of (1797),
III. 131; IX. 610; XIII. 485; XVIL 200.
Campololas, African race, v. 281.
Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez, Conde
de, Spanish statesman and economist,
IV. 762; XIX. 363; XXII. 342.
Campo Santo, cloister, Pisa, vi. 36;
XIX. 122.
Campsie, Scotland, manufacture of alum
at, I. 646.
— ^ Fells, hills, Scotland, xxii.
553-
Camuccini, vmcenzo, Italian painter,
IV. 762.
Camul (Hami), town. Central Asia, XI.
409.
Camulodunum (Colchester), ancient
town, England, VI. 124.
Camulogenus, Gallic dhief, xviii.
286.
Camuni, Rhffitian people, XX. 505.
Camus, Charles Etienne Louis, Frenck
mathematician, iv. 762.
Cana, of Galilee, Palestine, IV. 762.
, Dahomey, Africa, VI. 765.
Canaan, geographical name, iv. 762.
— — , son of Ham, XVII. 523.
Canaanites, people of Phcenicia and
Palestine, IV. 763; XIII. 397, 401;
XVI. 533; XVIII. 174, 803.
Canada, The Dominion of, iv. 765;
I. 711; early exploration of, X. 187;
Champlain's settlements in, v. 38X;
as a French possession,* IX. 587;
grant of, to Sir William Alexander, I.
493; in relation to the United States,
XXIII. 733, 742, 759, 782; official
precedence in, XIX. 667; birds of, III.
752; XVIII. 16; coalfiellls, VI. 60;
debt, XVII. 247; fisheries, IX. 266;
forests, IX. 405; immigration to, Vlll.
177; Indian tribes, XII. 830; Hbrariea,
XIV. 534, 550; militia, II. 593; mines,
-XVI. 469; newspapers, xvll. 437; post
office, XIX. 578; railv/ays, XX, 252;
universities, XXIII. 856.
, Upper, XVII. 774.
Balsam, hi. 293; iv 225; xxiii.
669.
Canadian, river. New Mexico and
Texas, U.S.A., XVll. 400; XXIII. 203.
Canaigre, plant, xvii. 401.
Canal, Ov. 782; flow of water in, xii.
492; Grand, in China, V. 631;
Panama, xviil. 209; Suez, XXII. 62a
— — , or Canaletto, Antonio, Venetian
painter, IV. 795.
Canals, Egyptian, vii. 709; European,
vill. 710; of Holland, XI. 63; in India,
for irrigation, XUI. 369; aqueducts on,
II. 2291 Brindley's construction of, IV.
347; Telford's, XXIII. 155.
CANANDAiGUA,town, New York, U.S.A.,
IV. 795; lake', XVII. 451.
Can AN US, Joannes, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613.
Canar, Ecuador, Inca remains at, vii.
648.
Canara, North, district, India, XIII
834-
, South, district, India, XIII. 835.
C A 'N — C A N
79
Canarese Language, dictionaries of,
VII. 191.
Canaris, Conatantino, Greek leader, xi.
125.
Canarium, genus'ot trees, viii. 122.
Canary, Grand, longitude reckoned
from, X. 187.
Canary-Bird, IV. 795; IX. 192.
Canary Islands, North Atlantic, iv.
795; I. 272; XXII. 298.
Canary Wine, xxiv. 607.
Canas, Peruvian nation, xviii. 676.
Cancale, to^vn, France, IV. 800.
Cancao, or Cancar, town, Cambodia, iv.
800.
Canceau, Gut of, strait, Nova Scotia, v.
40.
Cancer, disease, iv. 800; xviii. 380; of
the breast, xviii. 3S3; of the stomach,
XXII. 575; of the throat, XXIII. 321.
Cancioneros, Spanish coUectiona ol
poems, XXII. 355.
C.4NCRIN, Franz Ludwig von, German
mineralogist, it, 80 r.
Cancrinite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Candahar, to-BTi,. Afghanistan, XIII.
835.
Candaules, Lydian king, xv. 100.
Candeish, district, India, xiv. 56.
Candelabrum, ancient lamp-stand, fv.
S02.
Candia, or Crete (q-v.), island, European
Turkey, VI. 569; XXIII. 653.
, town, Crete, IV. 802; capture of
by the Turks (1669), XXIV. 147.
CandiaCj Jean Louis, precocious French
child, IV. 802.
Candide, Voltaire'8 work, xxiv. 292.
Candle, and candle-making, iv. 802.
CaXDLEMAS, church festival, IV. 804.
Candle-Nut Oil, xvii. 744'.
Candlestick, iv. 804.
Candi-ISH, EobertSmith, Scottish divine,
IV. 804.
Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, vii.
18; his classification of plants, iv. 80;
XVI. 838.
Candy, Sugar, confection, VI. 257.
Cane, variety of plants, iv, 805.
GaNEA, town, Crete, IV. 806; vi. 572.
Canephori, in Greek festival proces-
sions, IV. 806.
Cane -Sugar, xix. ^4; xxii. 623,
625.
Canete, Mendoza, marquis of, Peruvian
viceroyi XVIII. 677.
Canfinny, chief of Irish sept, xix. 735.
C anga-Arguelles, Josi, Spanish states-
man, IV. 806.
Cangiagio, Luca (Luchetto da Genova),
Italian painter, X. 158.
Can Grande, duke of Verona, xxiv.
173-
Canicatti, town, Sicily, iv. 806.
CaniDvE, family of carnivorous mam-
mals, VII. 324; XV. 437.
Canigou, Mont, France, XX. 12S.
Canina, Luigi, Italian archEeologist, iv.
806
Canini, Giovanni Agnolo, Italian en-
graver, IV. 806.
Can I NO, Prince of (Lucien Bonaparte),
IV. 28.
Canisp, moimtain, Scotland, xxii. 726.
Canitz, Baron von, German poet, IV.
807; X. 531.
Canmore, Malcolm, king of Scotland,
XXI. 480.
Cannabin, Cannabene, resin and oil
in Indian hemp, XI. 649.
Cann^, ancient to-n-n, Italy, IV. 807;
battle of (216 B.C.), III. 444; XI. 443;
XX. 749.
Cannanore (Kananur), town, Indian
XIII. 834; XV. 312.
Cannel Coal, vl 46; xvi. 429.
Cannes, town, France, iv. • 807 ; I.
599-
Cannibalism, iv. 807; evidences of, in
bone-caves, v. 269; on the Congo,
XVII. 317; in Fiji, IX. 157; in
Polynesia, XIX. 426.
Cannidas, in Greek legend, XXIII. 294.
CANNING, Earl, governor-general of
India, iv. 810; XII. 809
, George, English statesman, IV. 809;
VIII. 365; his duel with Castle-
reagh, Xiv. 854; hjs relations with
Palmerston, xviii. 193; with Peel^
XVIII. 454.
, Stratford (Viscount Stratford de
Redcliffe), English diplomatist, XXII.
590.
Cannobio, to\vn, Italy, xv. 198.
Cannon, ancient, 11. 557; construction
of, XI. 286; naval, Xvn. 286.
, George Q., Mormon delegate to
United States Congress, xvi. 827.
Street Railway Station,
London, XX. 235.
Cannstatt, or Canstatt, town, Wiirtem-
berg, V. 26; XXII. 613; population,
XXIV. 701.
Cano, Alonzo, Spanish painter and
sculptor, IV. 811; XXI. 567.
, Melchior, Spanish bishop, IV. 811;
his opposition to the Jesuits, XIII. 650.
Canobus, or Canopus, town, ■ sncient
Eg)-pt' V. 23.
Canoe, kind of boat, iv. 8iij xxi. 804.
Canon, of Scripture, v. i; iii. 644; of
Hebre%v Bible, III. 635.
, ecclesiastical officer, V. 15, 228.
, of hymns in Greek Church, XII.
580.
, in musi(^ XVII. 82
Canonical Hours, v. 22; iv. 263.
Canonization, v. 22.
Canon Law, v. 15; growth of, xix.
499; its relations to heresy, XI. 734;
Cranmer's revision tJl, VI. 551.
Canon Mirificus, Napier's work on'
logarithms, xvil. 178.
Canons, Apostolic, II, 194.
Canons, Book of, for Scottish Chtiich,
XXL 511.
CaSons, of the Colorado river, U.S.A^
VI. 163; XXIII. 799.
Canons Regular, order of monks, xvi.
707; of the Holy Sepulchre, XXI. 670.
Canopus, town, ancient Egypt, V. 23
Canopy, in architecture, 11. 461.
Canosa, town. South Italy, v. 23.
Canossa, North Italy, emperor Henry
rV.'s penance at (1077), X. 488; XV
177; xin. 471; XV. 632.
Canova, Antonio, Italian sculptor, v.
24; XXL 570.
Canovas del Castillo, Antonio,
Spanish historian, XXII. 362.
Canso, Gut of, strait. Nova Scotia, v. 40;
XVII. 601.
Canstatt, town, Wiirtemberg, v. 26;
XXII. 613; population, xxiv. 701.
Canstein, Karl HQdebrand, count of,
German writer, v. 27.
Cantabria, district, ancient Spiiin, v.
27-
Cantabrian Mountains, Spain, xxil
294.
CantaCUZENE, Serban, voivode of
Walachia, XXL 17.
Cantacuzenus, Johannes, «mperor of
the East, v. 27 ; as Byzantine historian,
IV. 613; on Hesychasm, XI. 782.
Cantagallo, town, Brazil, V. 27.
Cantal, department, France, V. 27.
Cantarina, Simone, Italian painter, V.
28.
Cantata, musical composition, xviL
86, 88.
CantemIr, Antiochns, Russian poet, v.
28.
, Demetriiis, voivode of Moldavia, v.
28; -XXL 19.
Canterbury, t6wn, England, v. 28;
XIV. 39; archbishop of, 11. 369; list of
archbishops, v. 30; original Saxon
cathedral, L 13; HI. 419; architecture
of cathedral, II. 426; crypt of cathe-
dral, VI. 668; library, XIW. 519; news-
papers, XVII. 421.
, proviace. New Zealand, V. 3a
Tales, Chaucer's, v. 452; vili.
412.
Cantharides, in pharmacy, v. 31; VI.
133; as poison, XIX. 278.
Cantharus, ancient Greek cup, -XIX.
180, 614.
Canticles, book of Scripture, v. 32.
Cantillon, Napoleon's bequest to,
XVII. 226.
Canting Arms, in heraldry, XL 691.
Canton, town, China, v. 37, 639.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 39; xviL
737-
, administrative district in Switzer-
land, XXIL 793, 795.
, John, English physicist, v. 39; his
electrical discoveries, viii. 7.
Cantor, M., on numerals, XVII. 627.
80
CAN — C A P
Cantu, or Canturio, town, Italy, v. 39.
Canuleian Law, in Rome, XX. 738.
Canus, Melchior, Spanish bishop, IV.
811; xm. 650.
Canusium (Canoaa), ancient town, Italy,
V. 23.
Canute, or Cnut, king of Denmark and
England, v. 39;' viii. 287.
Canvas, cloth, v. 40; for painting,
XVIII. 137; for sails, XXI. 154.
Canvas-Back Duck, bird, xix. 252.
Canzoniere, Petrarch's lyrics, xill.
504; XVIII. 711.
Caouana, genus of chelonian reptiles,
XXIII. 458.
Caoutchin, volatile hydrocarbon, xil.
840.
Caoutchouc (India-rubber, q.v.), Xll.
835; IV. 88.
Naphtha, xvii. 174.
Tree, Brazil, iv. 226.
Cape Breton, island, Nova Scotia, v.
40; XVII. 601.
Capb Coast Castle, town, West Africa,
V. 41.
Cape Colony, South Africa, v. 41; i.
270; birds of, xviii. 16; debt, xvn.
247; diamond mines, 'VIL 164;
marine fishes, XII. 681; mines, XVL
469; Christian missions, XVI. 517;
newspapers, XVII. 433; railways, XX.
252; university, xxill. 857; wine in-
dustry, XXIV. 611.
Capefigue, Battiste Honori Rajinond,
French ^vriter, v. 53.
Cape Haytien, town, Hayti, v. 50.
Cape Horn, South America, xxiil.
383 ; rounded by Maire and Schouten,
X. 186.
Capel, Lord, English Eoyalist leader, V.
53-
Capelin, fish, XXI. 221, 224.
Capell, Edward, Shakespeareaii critic,
v. 53.
Capella, MartianuB Mineus FeUx,
scientific WTiter, V. 53; his encyclo-
predia, Vlll. 191; on mnemonics, xvL
532.
Capellen, Admiral, his expedition
against Algiers, I. 566.
Cape May, town. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XVII. 397.
Cape of Good Hope, South Africa,
rounded by Bartolommeo Dias, V. 44;
VII. 169; X. 57; by Vasco da Gama,
x. 57, iSi.
Cape-Pigeon, bird, xviii. 712.
Capercally, or Capercailzie, bird, v.
53-
Capernaum, Palestine, v. 54; site of,
X. 29.
Capers, pickle, v. 54.
Cape St Roque Current, in Atlantic,
IIL 19.
Cape St Vincent, Portugal, Battle of
(1797), XV"- 322-
Capet, royal family, France, v. 55.
CAPfiT, Rugh, king of Franca, IX. 536J
abbeys held by, I. 24; Paris his
capital, XVIII. 287.
CApe Town, South Africa, v. 49; 1.
270; libraries, XIV. 534, 550; observa-
tories, XVII. 716.
Cape Verb Islands, v. 50; i. 272;
birds of, III. 759.
Cape Wrath, Scotland, cliffs at, xxL
526.
Cape York Peninsula, Australia, xx.
172.
Capgrave, John, English historian, v.
55-
Caphtor, original home of the Philis-
tines, XVIII. 756.
Capias, obsolete writs in Tuglish law,
XXIV. 695.
Capillaries, in blood system, i. 905;'
XXIV. 105, 107.
Capillary Action, v. 56;° dependent
on adhesion, I. 153; perpetual motion
sought by means of, XVIII. 554.
Capio Pignoris, in Eoman law, XX.
6S5.
Capis, town, Philippine Islands, v. 71. .
Capistrano, Giovanni di, Franciscan
monk, V. 71.
Capital, in architecture, 11. 461.
•, in political economy, V. 71; "na-
tional, XVII. 247; socialistic view.) of,
XXII. 206, 2H; taxes on, XXIIL 88;
theories of, XIX. 374.
and Labour, in economics, xxiv.
48; Say's theory of, XXL 361.
Capitals, in Latin ^vriting, xvill. 152.
Capitanata, province, Italy, v. 73.
Capitation Taxes, xxiii. 89.
Capito, Ateius, Roman jurist,. Xl v. 164.
■, WoUgang Fabricius, German
theologian, V. 73; on church order,
xix. 676.
Capitol (Capitolium), at Rome, v. 73;
XX. 824.
, at Washington, U.S.A., II. 454;
XXIV. 384.
Capitoline Hill, Rome, xx. 824.
Capitoline Jupiter, Temple of, at
Rome, XX. 824; XXIII. 193.
Capitolini Fasti, ix. 43.
Capitolinus, Julius, Augustan his-
torian,. III. 74.
, Jupiter, XIII. 780; temple of, XX.
824; XXIII. 193.
, Marcus Manlius, Roman soldier,
XV. 492.
Capitularies, Prankish laws, v. 73.
Capitulation, surrender, v. 74; autho-
rity for, XXIII. 531.
Capiz, town, Philippine Islands, v. 71.
Capmany, Antonio de Montpalan y,
Spanish historian, V. 74.
Capnion (John Reuchlin, q.v.), German
Reformer, xx. 489. f
Capobianco, leader of carbonari, v. 88.
Capocgio, Giovanni, senator, mediaival
Rome, XX. 795. •
Capo d'Istria, town, Austria, v. 74;
salt-works at, xxi. 229.
, or Capodistrias, John, Count
Russian diplomatist and president of
Greece, v. 74; XL 125; xvii. 353.
CapolagO, village, Switzerland, XV. 60
Caponniere, in fortification, IX. 439.
Capon Springs, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 518.
Caporcianite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Cappadocia, province, Asia Minor, \
74: XIX. 458; its relation to Phrygia
xviii. 850; coins of, xvil. 648.
Cappel, Switzerland, Battle of (1531)
XX. 334; XXII. 790; XXIV. 612, 833.
, French family of distinguished
scholars, V. 77.
, Louis, French Protestant theo
logian, V. 77; iv. 603; on inspiration
of Scripture, xiii. 1 56.
Cappellari, Bartolommeo Alberto
(Pope Gregory XVL), XI. J79.
Cappello, Bianca, grand-duchess of
Saxony, XV. 791.
Cappellus, Ludovicus (L. Cappel, j.b.),
V. 77; IV. 603-.
Capperonier, Claude, French classical
scholar, v. 77.
Capponi, Gino, Florentine statesman
and historian, IX. 336; xiIl. 4S8.
, Neri, Florentine soldier, XV. 784.
, Piero, ally of Savonarola, xxi. 335.
, Eaffaello (Del Garbo), Italian
painter, X. 73.
Capr.\, genus of mammals, x. 708.
Capraja, island, Italy, xiii. 440.
Capre^ (Capri), island, Italy, V. 77.
Caprera, island, Italy, V. 77.
Capri, island, Italy, v. 77; XIII. 441.
Capric Acid, xvii. 731.
Caprices de Mari.^nne, Mussel's play,
XVIL III.
Caprimulgus, genus of birds, X. 711.
Capsicum, cayenne pepper, v. 2S0; as
vegetable, XIL 280.
Capstan, for raising weights, v. 78.
Capsule, of plants, iv. 152.
Captain, warship. Loss of the, xvii. 285.
, Naval, his rank and duties, XVII.
292.
Carleton, work attributed to
Defoe, VII. 29.
OF THE Fleet, his rank and
duties, XVII. 292.
Singleton, Defoe's work, vii. 28.
Captivity of the Jews, Babylonian,
XIII. 417.
Capture, in war, xix. 766.
Capua, ancient to^vn, lUly, V. 79; siege
of (211 B.C.), XL 443; XX. 749.
Capuchins, Franciscan monks, V. 79;
IX. 699; XVI. 711.
Capuzinerberg, mountain, Austria,
XXI. 239.
Capvern, spa, France, XX. 127.
Capybara, rodent mammal, v. 80; XV.
421.
C A R — C A R
81
Car, Railroad, XX. 247.
, Tramway, xxui. 507.
Carabineers, cavalry, v. 202.
Carabobo, state, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Caracal, or Lj-nx, carnivorous mam-
mal, V. So; XV. 109.
Caracalla, Roman emperor, XXI. 700;
Ilia mar:;-.cre of Alexandrians, I. 494.
, Bjths of, at Rome, in. 436.
Caracaron, ancient towTi, Central
Asia, XIV. 2.
Caracas, town, Venezuela, v. 8i;
XXIV. 140.
Caracci, Agostino, Italian painter, v.
81.
— — , Annibale, Italian painter, v. 81;
XX. 396.
— , Lodovico, Italian painter, v. 81;
XX. 396.
CarAcciolo, Giambattista, Neapolitan
painter, XX. 532.
Caraceni, Samnite tribe, Italy, XXI.
248.
Caractacus, or Caradoc, British chief,
IV. 353; XXI. 848.
, Mason's tragedy, xv. 611.
Caraffa, Giovanni Pietro (Pope Paul
'. IV.), xviii. 431.
CARAHUAiRt\zo, mountain, Ecuador,
VII. 645.
Caraites, Jewish sect, XIV. 2.
Carales (Cagliari), ancient town,
Sardinia, IV. 640.
CAkALlTis, lake, Asia Minor, XIII.
384-
Carallia, district, Isauria, Asia Minor,
XIII. 3S4.
Caraman, or Karaman, to^vn,. Asiatic
Turkey, V. 82; XV. 92.
Caram.\nia, district, Asiatic Turkey,
V. 82.
Caramuratades, Albanians, their con-
version to Islam, XI. 122.
Caramuru (D. a. Correa, III. 239),
Portuguese settler in Brazil, IV. 228. ■
, Brazilian poem, by DurSo, 'vil.
553-
Caranx, genus of fishes, Xll. 206.
Carapa Oil, xvii. 746.
Carassius Auratus, gold-fish, X. 759.
Carausius, ruler of Britain, iv. 353.
Caravaca, town, Spain, v. 82.
Carav.aggio, Michelangelo Amerighi
da, Italian painter, v. 82; XX. 532.
, Polidoro Caldara da, Italian
painter, V. 83.
Caravan, company of travellers, v. S3.
Caravanserai, for shelter of caravans,
V. 84.
Caravellas, town, Brazil, v. 85.
Car.wvav, culinary herb, v. 85; XIi.
2S9.
Carbamide, in chemistry, v. 575, 578;
XVII. 516.
Carbeas, leader of the Paulicians,
XVIH. 434.
Carbide, Magnetic, as filter, ix. 168.
25—6
Carbolic Acid, v. 85; as antiseptic,
XXII. 678; as poison, Xix. 277.
Carbolic Oil, xxih. 59.
Carbon, chemical element, v. 86,
520; determination of, v. 544; as
plant food, xix. 48; spectrum of,
xxil. 375; in charcoal, v. 398; in
steel, xiii. 281.
Compounds, Nitrogenous, xvii.
519-
Prints, Photographic, xviii. 831.
Carbonari, Italian secret societies, v.
88; xiii. 486.
Carbonate of Soda, as flux, xvi. 62.
Carbonates, V. 88; in metallurgy, xvi.
61; of soda, XXII. 241.
Carbondale, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., v. 89.
Carbonic Acid, v. 88; expansion of, by
heat, XI. 574; liquefaction of, XIX. 244;
oceanic, xxi. 611; as poison, xix. 279.
Carboniferous Strata, x. 346; in
Great Britain, vi. 48.
Carbuncle, precious stone, v. 89; x.
82; XVI. 411.
, skin atJection, v. 89; XXII. 683
Carcajente, town, Spain, v. 89.
Carcaso (Carcassonne), ancient town,
France, v. 90.
Carcassonne, to^vn, France, v^ 89.
Carcharias, genus of sharks, xxi. 774,
776.
Carcharodon, genus of sharks, xxi.
777; their great length, xxi. 609.
Carchemish, town, on the Euphrates,
viii. 669; XI. 791.
Carcinoma (Cancer, q.v.), disease, iv.
800.
Carclazite, rock, xiv. i.
Cardamom, aromatic fruit, v. 90; from
India, xil. 748.
Cardan, Girolamo, Italian mathe-
matician and physicist, v. 90; his
dispute with Tartaglia, I. 513; xxiil.
68; his work on algebra, I. 513; on
astrology, II. 742; on teaching of deaf-
mutes, VII. 6.
Cardenas, town, Cuba, v. 92.
Card Games, x. 67; cheating at, xiv.
415; b^zique, III. 623; cribbage, VI.
575; ecart^, VII. 620; euchre, VIII. 654;
loo, XV. I ; napoleon, XVII.229; picijuet,
XIX. 114; poker, XIX. 282; whist,
XXIV. 543.
Cardiff, to\TO, Wales, v. 92; University
College at, xxiii. 856.
Cardigan, county, Wales, v, 94; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
town, v. 95.
, Seventh Earl of, British general,
v. 95.
Cardinal, in Roman Catholic Ciiurch,
v. 96; XX. 629.
Cardinals, College of, xix. 498.
Carding, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
658.
Engines, for cotton, vi. 492.
Cardiograph, measurer of hoart-bcats,
XXIV. 100.
Carditis, disease, xi. 554.
Cardium, genus. of molluscs, VI. 100.
Cardona, town, Spain, v. 98; salt hilt
of, XV. 497; XXI. 231.
Cardoon, vegetable, xil. 280.
Cardross Case, in Free Church of
Scotland, ix. 745.
Cards, Playing, v. 99; conjuring tricks-
with, XV. 211. See also Card Games.
Carducci, or Carducho, Bartolommeo,
Italian painter, v. 100.
, Oiosufe, Italian poet, XIII. 516.
, Vincenzo, Italian painter, v. 100.
Carduelis, genus of birds, X. 75S;
XXII. 99.
Carduus, genus of plants, xxill. 307.
Cardwell, Edward, English church
historian,v. 100.
Caretta, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxiii. 458, 460.
Carettochelys, genus of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 459.
Carew, George, earl of Totness, writer
on Ireland, v. loi.
, George, English diplomatist andL
historian, V. loi.
, Sir Peter, in Ireland, Xill. 264.
, Richard, author of Siu-vey of
Cornwall, v. 161.
, Thomas, English poet, V. loi.
Carey, Henry, English humorist and.
musician, v. loi.
, Henry Charles, American e:oao»-
mist, XIX. 384.
, William, Indian missionary an(£
Orientalist, v. 101.
Cargill, Donald, Scottish Covenanter,
v. 102.
Cargo, Damage of, in insurance, lll»
146.
Caria, province, Asia Minor, V. 102;
coins of, xvii. 647.
Cariaco, town, Venezuela, v. 103.
Cariama, bird, xxi. 676.
Carians, people of Asia Minor, II. r: 1;
in relation to the Leleges, Xiv. 43 j.
Caribbean Sea, v. 103; xxiv. 51;;.
Caribbee Islands, West Indies, v.
103.
Caribe (Caripe), town, Venezuela, ".'.
106.
Cariboco, issue of Negro and Indian,
II. 319.
Caribou, American reindeer, Vll. 25;
in Newfoundland, xvii. 383.
, island, Nova Scotia, XVII. 601.
Caries, race of people, Central America,
V. 103; XII. 131; xvn. 479.
Caricature, v. 103.
Caries, bone disea.se, v. 105.
Carignano, town, Italy, v. 105.
Carileph, Bishop, builder of Durliau^
cathedral, vii. 562.
Carillon F.\LL.s, Canada, XX. 165.
Carillons, of bells, in. 538.
XXV. — 11
82
C A R — C A R
Carimata Islands. Indiim"Aiclii-
pelago, V. 105.
Carina, Parthian Kingdom, xvm. 592.
Carinaria. genus of MoUusca, xvi.
654.
CARlNATyE, division of bIrJs, III. 699;
xvm. 19.
Carinella, genus of worm.s xvii. 326.
3=S, 330.
Carine Noctua, owl of Pallas Adicue,
XVIII. 91
"arini, town, Sicily, v. 106.
Carinola, town, Italy, v. 106.
Carinthia, crown-laud, Austria, v.
106; XXII. 614.
Carinus, Roman emperor, xvii. 627.
Caripe, town, Venezuela, v. 106.
Carisbrooke, village and castle, Isle
of Wight, V. 106; XXI v. 562.
Carisiacum (Quiei-sy-sur-Oise), France,
Diet of (877), IX. 534.
Carissimi, Giacomo, Italian composer,
V. 106.
CARLETOlf, Sir Dudley, English stales-
man, V. 107.
, William, Irish novelist, v. 107.
College Observatory, North-
field, Minnesota, XVII. 715,
Carli, Giovanni .Rinaldo, count of,
Italian economist, v. 107; XIX. 362.
Carlisle, town, England, v. 108;
parliament of, Vlll. 373.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., V. 1 10.
, Fifth Earl of, statesman, V. no.
, Seventh Earl of, statesman, V. 1 10.
Table, of mortality, XIII. 169.
•Carlist War, Spain, xxu. 346.
■Carlo Alberto, king of Sardinia,
XIII. 4S6.
■Carlo Emmanuele III., king of
Sardinia, XIII. 484.
Carloman, son of Charles Martel, IX.
531-
Carlos, Don, son of Philin II. of Spain,
xviii. 744.
, Don, king of Naples (Charles III.
of Spain), XXII. 338, 340.
, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII.
of Spain, XXII. 345.
Carlovingian Kings, of Fmnce, ix.
530.
Carlovv, county, Ireland, v. 1 10, 1 1 1 ;
population and representation, XXIII.'
727; town, V. III.
Carlowitz, town, Hungary, v. 112;
peace of (1699), XIV. 466; XXIII. 646;
wine of, XXIV. 610.
Carlsbad, toivn, Bohemia, v. 112;
mineral water of, XVI. 435.
Decrees (1819), x. 505.
Carlsburg, town, Transylvania, V.
112.
Carlsen, Captain, Korwegian Arctic
explorer, XIX. 323.
Carlshamn, towai, Sweden, v. 112.
Carlskrona, province and town,
Sweden, v. 112.
CaRLSRUHE, tovnt, Baden, v. 112.
Carlstad, province and town, Sweden,
V. 113.
Carlstadt, district and town, Bavaria,
V. 113.
, tomi, Croatia, Austria, v. 113.
(A. R. Boilenstcin, q.v.), German
Refoinier, v. 113; XX. 333.
Carluke, town, Scotland, v. 114.
C.-VRLYLE, Ale.x., Scottish clergyman,
~ XX. 599.
, Joseph Dacre. English Orientalist,
V. 114.
— , Thomas, his Letters and Speeches
of Oliver Cromwell, VI. 604 ; his Life
of John Sterling, XXII. 541.
Carmagnola, town, Italy, v. 114.
, Francesco Bussoue, count of,
coiidottiere, v. 1 14.
Carmani.\, Parthian .satrapy, xiv. 99;
xviii. 586.
Carmarthen, county, Wales, v. 114;
population and representation, XXI 11.
727; town, V. 115.
Carmathians, Moslem sect, 11. 259;
XIV. 15; XVI. 586, 594.
C.^RMEL, mountain, Palestine, v. 115;
xvm. 172; Elijah at, vill. 135.
Carmelites, order of monks, v. 116;
XVI. 709.
Carmenta, Roman goddess, xix. 654.
Carmichael, Gcishom, Scottish meta-
physician, V. 117.
Carmina Nisibena, Syriac liyums,
XXII. 828.
Carmine, iiigment, v. 117; xix. 88.
Carminic Acid, vi. 97.
Carmona. town, Spain, v. iiS; xxi.
70S.
Carmoot, fish, XXII. 67.
C.\RNAc, town, France, v. 118; ancient
remains at, II. 383; XXI. 51.
Carnallite, mineral, xv. 217; xvi.
•384; XIX. 588.
Carnan, Thomas, claimant of the right
to print almanacs, I. 591.
Carnarvon, county, Wale.-^, v. 118;
population and representation, XXIII.
727; to\ni, V. 119.
Carnatic, district, Iivlia, v. 119.
Carnation, flowering plant, xil. 254;
XIX. 106.
Carnauba Wax, xxiv. 459.
Carneades, GiTok philosopher, v. 120;
I. 69; XXI. 380; opponent of the
Stoic school, XXII. 570.
Carneia; Spartan festival, II. 186.
Carn Eige, mountain, Scotland, xx.
854.
Carnelian, precious .stone, i. 277;
XVI. 389; XXI. 310; gems of, X. 136.
Carni, ancient Italian ti^ibe, XIII. 447.
Carnia, province, Greece, I. 79.
Carnic Alps, i. 630.
Carniola, province, Austria, v. 121.
Carnival, season preceding Lenten
fast, V. 121
Carni vora, order of luayunals, v. 124;
XV. 432; sense of touch in, xxiil.
479-
Carnivorous Plants, xih. 134.
Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite,
French minister of war, v. 124; IX.
606, 609; organizer of Revolutionary
army, II. 601 ; on fortification, ix.
442, 463.
, N. L. Sadi, French mathematician,
XXIII. 283; on radiation of heat, XX.
214; on the theory of steam-uowe.'-,
XXII. 47S, 4S1, 485.
Carnoustie, to\ni, Scotland, ix. 411.
Carnovale. Era. Italian painter, xxi.
442.
Carntual, mountain, Ireland, XIII. 215.
C.\rnuntum, ancient town, Paunouia,
V. 125.
Caro, Annibale, Italian poef; v. 125.
Carob Tree, or Locust, xiv. 767; v.,
623; beans. III. 460.
Carolan, Turlogh, Irish bai^d, v. 125.
Carolin.\, colony, U.S.A., XXIII. 729.
, North, State, U.S.A., XVII. 558.
. , South, State, U.S.A., XXII. 286.
Jasmine, plant, xiil. 596.
Caroline, Amelia Augusta, wife of
George IV. of England, V. 125; VIII.
365; X. 427; trial of, IV. 377.
, JIaria, wife of Ferdinand IV. uf
Naples, IX. 79.
Islands, Pacific Ocean, v. 125;
XVI. 256; XVIII. 12S.
Manuscripts, .win. 160.
Carolingians, French kings, ix. 530.
C.'VRON, Pierre Augustin (Beaumar-
chais^ French dramatist. lil. a.6t. IX.
666
Caroni, affluent of Orinoco river, South
America, xvii. 844.
Caronium (Corunna\ ancient town,
Spain, VI. 443.
C.^rora, town, Venezuela, V. 126.
Carosomo, Benedetto, senator, medi-
;e\al Rome, x.\. 795.
Carouge, town, Switzerland, v. 126.
Carp, fish, xii. 692; xix. 127; xxiiL
173; angling for, 11. 43
Carpal Bones, Anatomy of, i. 827.
Carp.athian Mountains, v. 126; 111.
115; XIL 361; xxiii. 521.
Carp.athus, island, Asia Minor, v. 127.
Carpkaux, J. B., French scul])tor, xxi.
564.
Carpel, in plants, iv. 141; xx. 424.
Carpellini, C. F., Sieiiesc librarian.
XXII. 43.
Carpentaria, Gulf of, Australia, v.
127; m. 107; XX. 171.
Carpenter, Naval, duties of, xvii. J93.
, W. B., on vertical oceanic circula-
tion, III. 22, 24.
Carpenteriana, ana of Cliaipenticr, i.
785
Carpentras, town, France, V. 127;
XXI v. 114.
C A R — C A R
83
Carpentry, in building, iv. 476.
Carpet, v. 127; East Indian, xn. 762;
Kidderminster, XI v. 68; Oriental,
XXIII. 31 1 ; Persian, xviii. 626; Tur-
kish, II. 708.
Carpholite, mineral, XVI. 425.
CaRPHOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 401
Carpi, towTi, Italy, v. 131.
, Girolamo da, Italian painter, v.
131.
, \Jgo da, Italian painter, v. 131,
Carpini, Joannes de Piano, medieval
traveller, V. 132; X. 178; XV. 474; his
account of Cathay, v. 628.
Carpinus, genus of trees, Xll. 168.
Carpocrates, Gnostic, v. 132; x. 703.
CarposporEjB, class of plants, in. 693.
CARPtrs, Anatomy of the, I. 827; in
mammals, XV. 359.
Carpzov, family of distinguished, Ger-
mans, V. 133.
CarquinezStraits, California, U.S.A.,
XXI. 262
Carr, Robert, earl of Somerset, XXII.
260.
Carrageen, Irish moss, kind of sea-
weed, XIII. 276; I. 508.
Carrancha, Patagonian bird, XVIII.
353-
Carranza, Bartolemi de, Spanish theo-
logian, v. 133.
Carrara, town, Italy, v. 133.
Marble, xv. 528.
Mountains, Italy, xiil. 438.
Carratraca, Baths of, Spain, xv. 315.
Carrel, Armand, French publicist, v.
134.
Carrels, in architecture, II. 461.
CARRH/E(Haran), Mesopotamia, XI. 454;
hattle of (53 B.C.), XVIII. 597; 'XX.
766, 774.
Carriacou, island, West Indies, XI.
184.
Carriage, v. 134.
, Gun, XI. 310.
, Railway, XX. 247.
Horse, xii. 191.
Carrick, district, Ayrshire, Scotland,
III. 163.
, Earl of (Henry de Percy), xviii.
522.
, Earl of (Robert The Bruce), xviii.
522; XX. 592.
Carrickfergus, town, Ireland, v. 137.
Carrjckmacross, to\vn, Ireland, xvi.
718.
Carrick-on-Shannon, town, Ireland,
XIV. 433.
Carrick-on-Suir, town, Ireland, v.
138; XXIII. 406.
Carrier, conveyer of goods, v. 138.
, Jean Eaptiste, French Revolu-
tionist, V. 139.
Pigeon, vii. 379; xiii. 159; postal,
XIX. 581.
Carrincton, R. G, his observations
on pim-spots, 11. 784, 786; hia obser-
vatory at Redhill, Englaiid, XVII.
711.
Carrion-Crow, bird, VI, 618
Carroccio, Lombard war-carriage, XIII.
470.
Carron, town, Scotland, v. 139; river,
xxn. 553.
Carronade, gun, 11. 557; xi. 306.
Carrot, vegetable, I. 369; xil. 280
Carse, alluvial plain, in Scotland, XXI.
524; of Gowrie, Perthshire, XVIII.
666; of Stirling, XXII. 553
Carson, river and lake, Nevada,
U.S.A., xviL 367.
City, Nevada, U.S.A., xvii.
368.
Carstares, William, Scottish divine,
V. 139; XXI. 518
Cart, White and Black, rivers. Scot-
land, XX. 395
Cartagena, town, Colombia, South
America, v. 146; attack on. by Vernon,
(1740), XXIV. 170.
, town, Spain, V. 140.
, Alphonso de, Spanish historian, I.
619.
Cartago, town, Colombia, South
America, "V. 141.
, town, Costa- Rica, Central America,
V. 141.
Cartaphilus, the Wandering Jew,
xin. 673.
Carte, Thomas, English historian, v.
141.
Carter, Elizabeth, English -ivriter, v.
141.
— — , Isaac, pianoforte maker, XIX.
76.
, John, his illustrations of British
architecture, il. 445.
Carteret, Sir George, grantee of New
Jersey, U.S.A., xvil. 398.
, John, Earl Granville, statesman,
XI. 52
, Philip, governor of New Jersey,
U.S.A., XVII. 398.
Cartesianism, v. 142; VII. 115; VI.
250; XVI. 91; in relation to logic,
XIV. 792; theism of, XXIII. 244. See
also Descartes.
Cartesian Philosophy, opposed by
Condillac, vi. 250.
Carthage, ancient town, Africa, v. 160;
XXIII. 620; coins of, XVII. 651; col-
onization of, X. 175; commerce, VI.
199; language, XXI. 646; probably
the Elishah of Scripture, XIII. 593; its
connexion with Phoenicia, XVIII. 806;
its invasion of Sicily, XXII. 18; its
rivalry with Rome, XX. 746, 751, 767,
781; under Hannibal, XI. 441; its
ascendency over Spain, XXII. 305; its
power destroyed by Scipio Africanus,
XXI. 467; wars with Masinissa, xv.
608; in time of St Augustine, III. 75;
conquest of, by the Vandals, XXI V. 58;
Turner's pictures of, xxili. 666.
Carthagena, town, Colombia, South
America, V. 140.
, town, Spain, v. 140.
Carthamine, dye, xxi. 145.
Carthamus, genus of plants, Xxi. 145;
xxiii. 307.
Cart-Horse, XII. 192; breeding and
rearing of, I. 385.
Carthusian Abbeys, i. 20.
Carthusians, order of monk.', v. 163;
XVI. 708.
Cartier, Jacques, French explorer, v.'
165; X. 183; XVL 795.
Cartilage, in anatomy, i. 851; xxil.J
109.
cartography, map-making, XV. 515;
X. 191; ancient, XX. 91, 94.
Cartomancy, divining by playing-
cards, VII. 293.
Carton Pierre, paper pulp for mould-
ings, XVIII. 228.
Cartoon, in painting, v. 165.
Cartridge Papers, Sizes of, XVIII.
226
Cartridges, i. 744.
Cartwright, Edmund, inventor of
power-loom, v. 166; VL 500.
, Major John, parliamentary re-
former, V. 166.
, Thomas, Puritan divine, v. 166;
XIX. 685.
, William, English poet and dra-
matist, V. 167; VII. 433.
Carucci, Jacopo (Pontormo), Italian
painter, XIX. 458.
Carupano, town, Venezuela, v. 167;
XXIV. 140.
Carus, Karl Gustav, German phvsio-
logist, V. 167.
Carvahal, Tomas Jos^ Gonsalez, Span-
ish poet, V. 167.
Carvalho e Mello, Sebastian Jos^ de,
Marquis de Pombal, Portuguese states-
man, XIX. 441.
Carved Work, for houses, iv. 508.
Carvin, to^vn, France, v. 167; XVIII.'
3ilo-
Carving, in ivory, v. 167; Japanese,
XIII. 591; in wood, v. 168; xxiv.
644.
AND Gilding, v. i6g.
Carwar, town, India, XIV. 7.
Cary, Henry Francis, translator of
Dante, V. 170.
, Sir Lucius, Viscount Falkland, V.
170.
Carya, genus of trees, XI. 790.
Caryatic Order, in architecture, II.
407.
Caryatides, in architecture, 11. 357,
407, 461.
Caryl, Joseph, NonconJormist divine,
V. 171.
Caryocatactes, genus of birds, xvii.
665.
Caryophyll/eid.€, family of tape-
n-orms, xxill. 54.
84
C A R — C A S
Caryota, genna of palms, xvrn. 190.
Casa, Giovanni deUa, Italian poet, v.
171.
, Jos^ Iglesias de la, Spanish writer,
xxii. 361
Casab.4, town, Asia Minor, v. 181.
Casa Blanca, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
Casa Calenda, town, Italy, v. 171.
Casale, to\^Ti, Italy, v. 171.
Casalmaggiore, town, Italy, v. 171.
Casalpusterlengo, to-wTi, Italy, v.
171.
Casamicciolo, spa, Ischia, Italy, XIII.
385.
Casanatense Library, Rome, xiv.
529, 548.
Casanova de Seingalt, Venetian ad-
venturer, V. 171.
Casas, Bartolom^ de las, apostle of the
Indies, XIV. 319; XXII. 138.
Grandes, town, Mexico, V. 172.
Casaubon, Isaac. Huguenot scholar, V.
172.
Casauboniana, ana of Casaubon, I.
785--
Casein, or Kasbin, to^vn, Persia, v. 174;
XVIII. 627, 628
Cascade, Electric, vill. 35.
' Mountains, U.S.A., xxiii. 800;
XXIV. 385.
Cascaroba, bird, xxil. 732.
Casciano DEI Bagni, to;vn, Italy, v.
I7S-
Casco, mulatto, xvil. 319.
Case, Trespass on the, m law, XXIII.
454- 552-
Case-Hardening, in iron manufac-
ture, XIII. 342.
Casein, essential constituent of cheese,
IV. 591; V. 455; VI. 771; in milk, xvi.
303-
Casement, in architecture, 11. 461 ;
French, IV. 494.
Caserta, toivn, Italy, v. 175.
OiSE Shot, i. 745.
Cases of Conscience, v. 203.
Cash, Chinese money, xvii. 661.
C.4SH.\n, or Kashan, toivn. Persia, v.
175; xviii. 626.
Cash-Book, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
Cash Credits, in Scottish banks, ill.
334-
Cashel, town, Ireland, v. 175; xxill.
406; architecture of chapel at, II. 429;
synod of (1172), XIII. 259.
• , Kock of, v. 175; XXIII. 406.
Cashew Nut, v. 175; xvii. 664; oil
from, xvi I. 744.
Cashgar (Kashgar), town, Turkestan,
XIV. 7; XXIII. 639.
Cashiiere (Kashniir), state, Asia, Xiv.
9; XI. 823.
Goat, x. 709.
Shav/ls, XXI. 781.
CaSIMIR I., king of Poland, XIX. 2S6.
II., of Poland, XIX. 287.
J 11 . the Great, of Poland, Xix. 28S.
Casimir IV., of Poland, XIX. 289.
— , John, German Presbyterian, XIX.
697.
Casino, or Cassino, Monte, Italy, Bene-
dictine monastery of, XVI. 778, 703;
III. 557; library and archivio, XIV.
531, 54S.
Casiquiare, branch of Orinoco river,
South America, XVII. 843,
Casiri, Michael, librarian of the Escorial,
V. 176.
Casius, Mons, Syria, xxn. 821.
Cask-Making, vi. 338.
Caslau, town, Bohemia, VJ. 754.
Casluhim, of Scripture (Gen. x. 14),
xviii. 757.
Casmen.'E, Syracusan settlement, Sicily,
XXII. 814.
Casoria, to\ra, Italy, v. 176.
Caspari, C. p., Norwegian theologian,
XVII. 392.
Caspe, town, Spain, v. 176.
Caspian Sea, v. 176; xiv. 217; level
of, as compared with Oxus and Sea of
Aral, XVIII. 104; Rubruquis's descrip-
tion of, XXI. 47; seal fisheries of, XXI.
582.
Casque, helmet, xi. 637.
Casquets, rocks, Channel Islands, I.
474-
Cass, Lewis, American statesman, v. 1 8 1 ;
XXIII. 768.
Cassaba, town, Asia Minor, v. 181.
Cassana, Niccolo, Italian painter, v.
182.
Cassa"nder, king of Macedonia, v. 182;
XV. 142.
, George, Flemish theologian, v.
182.
Cassandra, in Greek legend, v. .182.
, Lycophrou's poem, XV. 94.
Cassano, town, Italy, v. 182.
Cass.\v.\, farinaceous nlant, Y. J82; 11.
631; XXIII. 56.
Cassegrain, N., his telescope, XXIII.
137, 145-
C.XssEL, town, France, v. 183.
, town, Germany, v. 182; picture
gallery of, XXI. 445.
. , Hesse, state, Germany, XI. 779.
Yellow, pigment, xiv. 379.
Cassia, genus of plants, xxi. 664.
Bark, v. 184.
Cassianus, Joannes Eremita, monk, v.
184; xviii. 472; on monachism, xvi.
702.
Cassini, family of French astronomers,
V. I8/^
, Giovanni Domenico, astronomer,
V. -184; II. 755; his telescopic dis-
coveries, XXIII. 136; his geodetic
measurements, VII. 597.
Cassino, Monte, Italy, Benedictine
monastery of, XVI. 778, 703; III. 557;
library and archi\no, Xiv. 531, 548.
C.issiodorus, or Cassiodorius, Magnus
Aurelius, Roman historian, v. 185;
XXII. 238; on Boetius, iiL 856; his
History of the Goths, XIII. 748.
Cassis, town, France, v. 185.
Cassiterides, tin islands, off Cornwall.
XVIIL 806,
C.^ssiterite, mineral, XVL 387; xxiii.
400.
Cassius, Avidius, Roman general, xvm.
604.
Longinus, Caius, assassin of
Julius C^sar, v. 185; iv. 639; associa-
tions of the name, XI v. 864.
Cassivellaunus, British chief, iv. 352,
637-
Cassoon, or Casson, in architecture, 11.
461.
Cassova, or Kosova, Battles of {1389,
1448), I. 781, 782; XXI. 689.
Cassovia (Kaschau), to^Tn, Hungary,
XIV. 7.
Cassowary, bird, v. 185; viii. 171.
Cassytha, parasitic plant, xvm. 265.
Cast, of gj-psum, xi. 353.
Castagna, Giovanni Battista (Pope
Urban VII.), xxiv. 91
Castagno, Andrea del, Italian painter,
V. 186.
Castalia, fountain, Delphi, Greece, v.
186; vn. 52.
CTastamon (Kastamuni), to'mi, 'Asia
Minor, XIV. 14.
Castanos, Francisco Xavier de, Spanish
general, V. 186.
Caste, social distinction, v. 186; in
Ceylon, V. 367; in India; iv. 204; xil.
745. 781-
Castel, suburb of Mainz, Germany, XV.
30$.
, Jean du, French poet, V. 704.
, Louis Bertrand, French mathe-
matician, V. 192.
Castel-a-Mare, town, Italy v. 193;
XVII. 187.
, town, Sicily, V. 193.
Castelar, Emilio, Spanish statesman,
XXII. 346.
Casteletyn, Matthijs de, Dutch writer,
XII. 92.
Castell, Edmund, English Orientalist,
V. 193-
C.\stellamare, town, Italy, v. 193;
XVII. 187.
CA5TELLANE, Franjoise de, Marquise de
Mirabeau, xvi. 493.
Castellans, Polish senators, xix. 288.
C.ASTELLI, Benedetto, Italian mathe-
; .atician, x. 32; on the motion of
fluids, xn. 435.
, Ignaz Friedrich, Austrian dramatist,
V. 193.
Castello, Bernardo, Italian painter,
V. 193.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter,
V. 193.
, Guido di (Pope Celestine 11.), v.
291.
, Valerio, Italian painter, v. 193.
C A S — C A T
85
Castello GiUBlLEOi.town, Italy, ix.
:4i.
Castellon de la Plan'a, to-.vii, Spain,
V. 193; province, XXII. 298.
Castel Melhor, Count of, Portuguese
statesman, XIX. 549.
Castelnau, Michel' de, French chroni-
cler, V. 194; XVIII. 291.
Castelnaudarv, town, France, v.
194.
Castelo Branco, town, Portugal, v.
194.
Castel Sarrasin, to^vn, France, v.
193.
Castel Vetrano, town, Sicily, v.
193.
CasterLY, Wilts, England, British re-
mains at, XXIV. 594.
Castes, of India, iv. 204; xii. 745, 781.
Casti, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet,
V. 195.
Castiglione, Duke of (Augereau\
French general, III. 71.
— — , Baldassare, Italian writer and dip-
lomatist, v. 195; XIII. 510; his Cor-
tigiano, vil. 672.
« — , Carlo Ottavio, Count, Italian
philologist, V. 195.
— =;— , Giovanni Benedetto, Italian painter,
V. 195.
delle Stiviere, town, Italy, v.
195.
Castiglioni, Francesco Xaviero (Pope
Pius VIII.), XIX. 156.
, Godfrey (Pope Celestine IV.), V.
291.
Castigneau, arsenal, Toulon, France,
xxiil. 483.
Castile, Kingdom of, Spain,, v. 196;
XXII. 312, 315, 318, 326; XVIIL 450;
language of, XXII. 349, 35c.
. New, province, Spain, v. 196: XXII.
298.
Old, province, Spain, v. 196; XXII.
298.
Castilho, a. F. de, Portuguese poetf
XIX. 557.
Castilian Language, xxii. 349, 352.
Castilla, Kamon, president, Peru,
XVIII. 678.
Castillejo, Cristobal de, Spanish poet,
V. 196; XXII. 357.
Castillejos, Marquis de los (Prim),
Spanish statesman, XIX. 732.
Castillo, Juan del, Snanish painter,
XVII. 55.
Gastilloa Elastica, iadia-nibber
plant, XII. 837.
Casting, Metal, ix. 479; xvi. 72.
Cast Iron, xiii. 281. 318.
Castle, v. 197.
Acre Abbey, Norfolk, England,
L 15.
Castlebar, tpwn, Ireland, v. 199; xv.
65a
Castleblayney, town, Ireland, xvi.
7if
Castle-Douglas, town, Scotland, xiv.
98.
Castle Garden, New York, immigrant
depot, VIII. 175; xvii. 462.
Castle Howard, Yorkshire, Ven-
Virugh's design, XXI V. 55.
Castle of. Indolence, Thomson's
poem, XXIIL 311.
Castle of Otranto, Walpole's ro-
mance, XXIV. 334.
Castle Pilgrim, Acre, fortress of the
Templars, XXIII. 162.
Castle Rackrent, Miss Edgeworth's
novel, VII. 654.
Castlerea, town, Ireland, XX. 850.
Castlereagh, Viscount, second marquis
of Londonderry, xrv. 853; VIII. 365.
Castletown, town, Isle of Man, v. 199;
XV. 453.
Castor, mineral, xvi.416.
, Roman station, England, XVll.
557-
, Temple of, at Rome, XX. 818.
and Pollux, iii Greek mythology,
V. 199; electric glow, xiv. 633.
CASTORIDiC, family of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 416, 418.
C.\STOR Oil, v. 200; xvii. 744.
CASTRATION, VIII. 667; of horses, 1. 386;
of sheep, I. 395.
Castr^n, Matthias Alexander, Russian
philologist, V. 200.
Castrensis, Paulus, Italian jurist, v.
201.
Castres, town, France, v. 201.
Castries, town, St Lucia, West Indies,
XXI. 186.
Castriota, George (Scanderbeg), Al-
banian prince, XXI. 365; 1.447; XXIIL
642.
Castro, town, Italy, v. 201.
, Guillen de, Spanish dramatist, V.
202; viL 421; XXII. 358.
, Inez de, wife of Pedro I. of Portu-
gal, V. 202;, XIX. 543.
, Joio de, viceroy of Portuguese
Indies, v.. 203.
, Vaca de, governor of Peru, xviil.
677.
Castrocaro, Italy, mineral water of,
XVI. 434.
Castro del Rio, town, Spain, v. 201.
Castrogiovanni, town.'Sicily, v. 201;
XXII. 31.
Castro Nuovo, town, Sicily, v. 201.
Castro Reale, town, Sicily, v. 201.
Castro Urdiales, to-n-n, Spain, v.
201; XXI. 297.
Castrovillari, town, Italy, v. 203.
Castruccio Castracani, GhibeUine
chief, V. 203; XIII. 477; XIX. 121.
Cast Steel, xiii. 341.
Castulo, ancient village, Spain, XIV.
653.
Casuentus (Basiento), river, Lucania,
Italy, XV. 37.
Casuistry, v, 20-?: Escobar's, viii. 539;
ethics of, viil. 595; Jesuit teachings
on, XIII. 650; as developed in Liguor-
ianism, Xiv. 634.
Caswall, Henry, American divine, v.
205.
Cat, v. 205; XV. 434; Egyptian, vil
712; Man.x, X.V. 452; Persian, XVIII.
625; skins of, IX. 838.
Catabaptists, Christian sect, iii. 353.
Catacecaumene, plateau, Asia Minor,
XV. 99.
Catacombs, v. 206; mural paintings in,
XVII. 43.
Catadioptric Lights, for lighthouses,
XIV. 620.
Catalan Forge, ix. 840; xiii. 290,
335-
Catalan Grand Company, adven-
turers, IX. 330.
Catalan Language, xxii. 347.
Catalan Literature, xxii. 362.
Catalepsy, nervous affection, v. 216.
Catalogues of Books, hi. 659; xiv.
537, 539-
Catalonia, province, Spain, v. 217;
XXII. 298, 322; counts of, xxn. 311.
Catalpa, ornamental tree, II. 321.
Catamarca, town, Argentine Republic,
V. 217.
Catamenia, XX. 408.
Catana (Catania), ancient town, Sicily,
V. 218.
Catania, to^vn, Sicily, v. 218; xxil. 31.
Catanzaro, town, Italy, v. 218; pro-
vince, IV. 651.
Cataonia, table-land, Asia Minor, V.
75-
Catapan, Saracen rmer in Italy, xill.
468.
Catapleite, mineral, XVL 420.
Catapulta, ancient military engine. V.
218.
Cataract, disease of the eye, xvil.
782.
Catarractes, river, Asia Minor, XVIII.
206.
Catarrh, disease, v. 218; xvin. 377,
403; epidemic, XIIl. 73; of the
stomach, XXII. 574.
C.'iTARRHAL PNEUMONIA, XiX. 250.
Catawbas, North-American tribe, V.
219; I. 690.
Catawba Wine, v. 219; xxiv. 611.
C atbalong AN, town, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 752.
Cat-Bird, xvl 541.
Catch, in music, X. 677; xvii. 82.
Catchment Basin, of rivers, xii. 502.
Catchwords, in MSS., xviii. 144.
Cateau Cambresis, town, France, v.
219; treaty of (1559X IX. 559; XIIL
483; XVIII. 744.
Catechism, v. 219: of Church of Eng-
land, VIII. 379.
Catechisms, as creeds, VL 564.
Catechu, drug and dyistuS, v. 220;
III. 617.
86
C A T — C A U
Catechumen, candidate for baptism,
V. 220.
Categories, in logic and philosophy,
V. 221; of Aristotle, 11. 514; Gilbert de
laPorr(5e on the, X. 592; Kant on the,
XIII. S52; real, in psychology, XX. 79.
Catena, hermeneutical epitomes, XI.
746.
Catenary, or Chain, Equilibrium of,
in mechanics, XV. 738; v. 68.
Catenoid, Stability of the, v. 68.
Caterpillar, larva stage of butterfly,
IV. 593; silkworm, XXII. 57; ravages
of, in Natal, xviL 241; destroyed by
wasps, XXIV. 393.
Catesby, Mark, on birds, XVIII. 5.
, Robert, conspirator in Gunpowder
Plot, IX. 57.
Cat-Fishes, xil 692; xxii. 68.
Catgut, string, v. 226.
Cath.eans, tribe, India, XVI. 789.
Cathari, medieval sect, XVIII. 354,
434; XX. 321; XXIV. 322..
CatHARTID/E, family of birds, XXIV.
301.
Catharus, genus of birds, XXIII. 322.
Cathay, China as known to mediaeval
Europe, v. 627, 629.
Cathcart, Sir George, British general,
v. 226.
Cathedral, principal church of a
diocese, V. 226; office of dean in, VIL
14.
Music, English, xxiii. 33.
Catherine, Saints, v. 229.
, St, of Siena, v. 229; XIII. 505;
XXII. 43; stigmatization of, XXII. 549.
I., empress of Russia, V. 232; XXI.
98.
II., empress of Russia, V. 233; XXI.
99; herfavqur for Potemkin, XIX. 59S.
■ of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, v. 236; XI. 662; divorce of,
VIII. 334.
of Braganza, wife of Charles II. of
England, v. 237; xix. 548.
of Valois, wife of Henry V. of Eng-
land, V. 237.
, Mount, Sinai, Arabia, XXII. 88.
Howard, wife of Henry VIII.
of England, viil. 337.
de' Medici, wife of Henry II. of
France, v. 235; xi. 670; xv. 787; her
influence on France, IX. 556.
Parr, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, VIII. 337.
Wheel, in pyrotechny, xx. 130.
Catherwood, F., on ancient American
monuments, II. 450.
Cathetus, in architecture, II. 461.
Cathkin Peak, mountain. Cape Colony,
V. 41.
Catholic, designation of the Christian
Church, V. 237; XV. 482; first use of
the name, v. 9.
ApostolicChurch,v.237; Henry
Drummond's connexion with, VIi. 4S0.
Catholic Church, Roman, xx. 628.
Catholic Disabilities, in Ireland,
XIII. 266, 269.
Catholic Emancipation, Ireland,
XIII. 271; Castlereagh's advocacy of,
XIV. 853; O'Connell's contention for,
XVII. 721; carried on motion of SirR.
Peel, XVIII. 455; Wellington's part in,
XXIV. 498.
Catholic LE.\GUE,in France (i57i),ix.
562; XVIII. 745.
C.-^tholic League, in Germany (1608),
X. 500.
Catholics, German, dissentients from
Church of Rome, X.
, Old, religious party, XVII. 754.
Catholic Socialism, xxii. 215.
Catilina, Lucius Sergius, Roman con-
spirator, V. 238 ; XX. 764 ; Sallust's
History of his Conspiracy, xxi. 219.
Catiline, Jonson's tragedy, xiii. 744.
Catinat, Nicolas, French general, IX.
579. 581-
Cat Island, Bahamas, in. 237.
Catlin, George, writer on the American
Indians, V. 239.
Catmandoo (Khatmandu), capital of
Nepal, XIV. 59.
Catmoss, valley, Rutland. England,
XXI. 114.
Cato, Addison's tragedy, i. 147, 149.
■ , Dionysius, Roman moralist, V.
241.
, M. Porcius, the Elder, Roman
censor, V. 239; in Spain, XXII. 306;
as economist, XIX. 350; as historian,
XIV. 729; on surgery, XXII. 674; his
language, XIV. 332; his place in
Roman literature, XX. 717.
; M. Porciiis, Uticensis, V. 240.
Catoblepas, genus of ruminant mam-
mals, X. 705.
Catonius, Nikolaus, Swedish dramatist,
XXII. 754.
Catoptric Illumination, of light-
houses, XIV. 618.
Cato Street Conspiracy (1820),
London, XXIII. 307.
Catrail, British remains, Scotland,
XXI. 34, 638.
C.-iTRlA, Monte, mountain, Italy, XIII.
437-
Cats, Jacob, Dutch poet, v. 241; Xll. 95.
Cats-Eye, variety of quartz, xvi. 389.
Catskill Mountains, United States,
v. 242; XVII. 450; XXIII. 793.
Catsup, or Ketchup, sauce, xiv. 54.
Catt, Christopher, London club-house
keeper, XIV. 103.
Cattack, district, India, v. 242; town,
V. 244.
Cattaro, to\vn, Austria, v. 244.
Cattegat, strait, North Sea, XVII. 563;
XXII. 737.
Cattermole, George, English painter,
V. 244.
C.'^TTI, ancient Germanic people, v. 244.
Cattimandoo, juice-yielding tree, XI.
339-
Cattle, v. 244; xv. 432; breeding o^
I. 387; diseases of, xvii. 57; xxiv.
204, 205 ; Podolian, XIII. 45 1 ; wild, of
ChilUngham Park, England, xvil. 566;
of Hamilton Park, Scotland, XI. 411.
Foods, Adulterations of, I. 174;
apparatus for cooking, i. 327.
Plague, i. 304; v. 589; xvn. 59.
Quarantine, xx. 158.
Shows, their influence.', I. 390.
Spoil of. Cooly, ancient Irish
tale, V. 310.
Cattolica, to^vn, Sicily, v. 247.
Catulliacum (St Denis), ancient town,
France, XXI. i6i.
Catullus, C. Valerius, Latin poet, v.
247; his language and style, xiv. 334;
his place in Roman literature, xx. 721.
Catulus, C. I/utatius, Roman general,
XX. 747.
Caub, Johann Wonnecke von, on birds,
XVIII. 3.
Cauca, river, Colombia, South America,
VI- 153-
Caucasia, government, Russia, v. 251.
Caucasian Gates, mountain pass, v.
255-
Caucasian Languages, xviii. 780.
Caucasian Race, of mankind, 11. 113;
X. 433.
Caucasus, chain of mountains, v. 251;
XXIII. 513.
Cauchy, Augustin L., his demonstra-
tions in algebraical equations, I. 515;
VIII. 502.
Caucus, convention tt> select candidates,
in United States, xxill. 764.
Caudete, town, Spain, V. 259.
Caudine Forks, Italian valley, v. 259;
battle of (321 B.C.), XX. 742.
Caudle's Curtain Lectures, Dotig-
las Jerrold's work, XIII. 633.
Cauliflower, vegetable, iv. 618; xii.
281.
Caulking, of ships, xxi. 820.
Caura, territory, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
CaurAle, bird, XXII. 652.
Causality, psychological analysis and
origin of the conception, XX. 82 ;
Locke's analysis, xiv. 760; as a logical
category, v. 224; XIV. 789; principle
of, in theistic argument, XXIII. 248.
Causation, Divine, theory of, in
Arabian philosophy, II. 266; I. 510.
Causeries du Lundi, Sainte-Beuve'e,
XXL 164.
Causid.«, family of snakes, xxii. 193,
197.
Causses, limestone plateaus, France,
XV. 8, 31.
Caustic, of light, xiv. 589?
- — . Potash, xix. 589.
-Soda, xxii. 241.
C.4UTERETS, France, mineral water of,
XVI. 435; XX. 127.
C A U— C E L
67
Cautiousness, in phrenology, xviii.
845-
Cauvery, river, India, XIV. 19; xv.
184! XVII. 123; xxill. 47.
Cava, or La Cava, town, Italy, v. 259;
library of, xiv. 530, 548.
Cavaignac, Louis Eugene, French
general, v. 259; I. 568; IX. 622.
Cavaillon, town, France, v. 260;
XXI v. 114
Cavalcanti, Guido, Italian poet, v.
160; XIII. 502.
Cavalier, bird, xix. 228.
" , Jean, chief of the Caraisards.
France, v. 260; iv. 744.
, Memoirs of a, by Defoe, VII. 28.
Cavalieri, Bonaventura, on the geo-
metry of indivisibles, XIII. 5.
, Emibo del, Italian musician, XVII.
85, 86.
Cavaliers, or Eoyalists, in England,
vin. 348.
Cavallini, Pietro, Italian painter, v.
261.
Cavallo, town, Turkey, xiv. 18.
——, Tiberius, Italian electrician, V.
261; his electroscope, viiL 118
Cavalry, v. 261; Austrian, 11. 605;
British, IL 578; Prussian, II. 596;
tactical management of, XXIV. 358;
horses for, XII. 191.
Cavan, county, Ireland, v. 263; popula-
tion and representation, XXIII. 727;
town, V. 264.
Cavanilles, An.^nio Jose, Spanish
botanist, v. 265.
Cavcic, Vetranic, Eagusan dramatist,
XXI. 690.
Cave, or Cavern, V. 265; X. 271, 320,
369; at Adelsberg, I. 151; in Hungary,
XII. 362 ; Luray, Virginia, U.S.A., xv.
67; Mammoth, in Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XV. 448.
, Edward, English publisher and
^itor, V. 271; xviiL 537.
— — , William, English theologian, V.271.
Cavea, in the amphitheatre, I. 775.
Caveau, Society of the, in France, VI.
141.
Cavedone, Jacopo, Italian jiainter, V.
271.
Cave-Dwellers, Ancient, 11. 336; v.
267; XXIII. 583.
Cavendish, Henry, English chemist
and physicist, v. 27 1 ; liis chemical
discoveries, v. 462; his experiments
on the density of the earth, II. 793;
his electrical experiments, VIII. 8.
, Thomas, English navigator, v. 272;
X. 185.
, William, first duke of Devonshire,
VII. 143.
, William, first duke of Iftwcastle,
XVII. 380.
. Sir William, English courtier, v.
373-
Experiment, ii. 793; v. 272.
Cavern, or Cave (g.B.), v. 265.
Caves, V. 265; bone, with fossil remains,
X. 320. See Cave.
Caviare, preserved roe of sturgeon,
XXII. 612.
Cavicorni.\, hoUow-horned ruminant
mammals, 11. 100. Compare XV. 431.
Cavil, F., English s\vimmer, XXJI. 771.
C.WITE, to\i-n, Philippine Islands, v.
273; XV. 487.
Cavolini, Felippo, Italian naturalist.
XXIV. 806.
Cavolinia, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 666.
Cavore, or Cavour, to\ra, Italy, V. 273.
C.*.V0UR, Count, Italian statesman, V.
273; XIII. 4S7, 489.
C.AVY, rodent mammal, V. 277; XV. 421.
Cawdor Castle, Nairn, Scotland, xvii.
167.
Cawnpur, or Cawnpore, district and
to\vn, India, v. 277; massacre at town
(1S57), xn. Sio
Cawood Castle, Yorkshire, England,
XXI v. 749.
Caxamarca, town, Peru, v. 279; xvill.
075-
Caxatambo, to-vra, Peru, v. 279.
Caxton, spa, Canada, xvi. 436.
, William, first English printer, V.
279; XXIII. 694; books printed by,
v 1 1 1. 4 1 3 ; English language in his time,
VIII. 39S.
Caxtons, The, Lytton's novel, xv. 123.
Cav.ambi, mountain, Ecuador, VII. 644.
Cayenne, town, French Guiana, v. 280;
XL 254.
Pepper, v. 2S0.
Cayeux, district Somme, France, xxil.
261.
Cayley, Arthur, English mathematician,
1. 516; on geometrical measurement,
XV. 665.
, Sir George, his air-engine, I. 428;
his flying model, IX. 320.
C.\YLUS, Comte de, French artist and
writer, V. 281; his encaustic process,
VIII. 186.
Cayman, South-American alligator, vi.
594-
Caymanas, islands, West Indies, XIII.
548.
CaVOR, kingdom and lake, Senegal,
Africa, XXI. 660.
Cayster, river, Asia Minor, II. 708.
Cayuga, lake. New York. U.S.A., xvii.
451-
Cazalla de la Sierra, town, Spain,
V. 2S1.
C.^ZEMBE, chief i.nd his territory, Africa,
V. 281.
Cazlona, mining village, Spain, XIV.
653.
Cazorla, town, Spain, v. 281.
Cazotte, Jacques, French writer, V. 381.
Ceadwalla, British king, xvii. 569.
CearX, town, Brazil, v. 282.
Ceawlin, eaJ-ly English king, viii. 271.
Cedes, of Thebes, Greek j)hilosophei:,
V. 282.
CebldA, family of apes, 11. 152; xv.
444.
Cebu, island, Pliilippines, V. 2S2; XVin.
752; town, V. 2S2;'XViil. 750, 752.
Cebus, genus of apes, II. 1 53.
Cecchi, Giovan Maria, Italian ■ftTitcr,
XIII. 510.
Cecco D'Ascoli, Francesco degli Stabili,
Italian encyclopaedist and poet, v. 282.
Cech, Svatopluk, Bohemian poet, XXII.
152.
Cecidomyi.^, genus of insects, XI. 781;
XXIV. 535.
Cecil, Robert, carl of Salisbury, lord
high treasurer of England, V. 282.
, William, Lord Burghley, minister
of Queen Elizabeth, V. 283.
Cecilia, St, v. 284.
, Madame D'Arbla/s story, vi. 822.
Metella, Tomb of, at Rome, n.
419.
Cecrops, king of Attica, v. 285.
Cedar, tree, v. 285; culture of, n. 319;
of Lebanon, XIV. 392; red, or Ameri-
can, XIII. 774; white, in United States,
XXIII. S09; wood of, for carving, xxiv.
645.
Cedar-Bird, xxiv. 461.
Cedaspe, Pablo de (Cespedes), Spanish
painter and poet, v. 357.
Cederborgh, Frederik, Swedish novel-
ist, xxil 757.
Cedo Feit.^ chapel at Oporto, xvil.
795-
Cedron, brook, Jerusalem, XIIL 636.
Ceely, Robert, his experiments i»
vaccination, XXIV. 24.
Cefalonia (Cephalonia), island, Greece,
V. 343; XIII. 205.
Cefalu, to-wn, Sicily, v. 286.
Cehegin, to\\Ti, Spain, v. 286.
Ceiling, in architecture, 11. 462; iv.
454-
Celadonite, mineral, xvi. 415.
Celadon Ware, pottery, xix. 622.
Celakovsky, Franz '' . Bohemian poet,
XXII. 152.
Celan, fish, XIX. 90.
Celandine, plant, xx. 273.
Celano, town and lake. Italy, v. 286;
XIII. 440.
Celebes, island, Indian Ai-chipelago,
v. 287; II. 687; birds of, in. 739.
Celer, Quintus Caecilius MeteHus
Roman general, xvi. 106.
CiL^REN (Celan), fish, xix. 90.
Celeriac, vegetable, xil. 28 1.
Celery, vegetable, v. 290; XIL 281.
Celestina, musical instrument, XIX.
72.
, La, F. de Rojas'a novel, XXII. 356.
Celestine, mineral, xvi. 400.
I., pope, V. 291; XIX. 491.
II.-IV., popes, V. 291.
v., pope, V. 291; XIX. SOI.
88
C E L — C E R
CelestineS, order of monks, v. 291.
Celetrum (Kastoria), ancient town,
Macedonia, xiv. 14.
Celibacy, v. 292 ; in early Churcli of
England, viii. 371.
Cell, in biology, xii. 5; in. 682; evolu-
tion, from the, VIII. 746; in human
.anatomy, I. 843; vegetable, XII. 10,
12; IV. 83; XIX. 44; XX. 425, 427;
•of spermatozoa, XX. 411; of Fungi,
IX. 827; in Protozoa, XIX. 832; of
sponges, X.XII. 420. See also CeU
Theory below.
, in architecture, II. 462.
, in honeycomb, III. 490.
, Monastic, I. 10, 22.
Celle, to^vn, Prussia, xxiv. 775.
Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian sculptor
and metal-worker, V. 294; XIX. 183;
XXI. 569.
Cell Theory, in biology, xxi. 460;
XXIV. S16; in relation to protoplasm,
XIX. 82S; to embryology, XXIV. 810;
to morphology, XVI. 840; to physio-
logy, XIX. II.
Celluloid, substituto for ivory, xiii.
524.
Celsius, Anders, Swedish astronomer,
V. 294; his thermometric scale, xxiil.
289.
, Olaf, Swedish theologian, xiv.
672.
CelsUS, anti-Christian writer, V. 295;
XIII. 658; Origen's answer to, xvii.
841.
, A. Cornelius, Roman writer on
medicine, xv. 803; on anatomy, I.
802; on surgery, XXII. 674.
Celtiberi, early Spanish tribes, XII.
604; XXII. 305.
CELTIBERI.\, ancient division of Spain,
v. 297.
Celtic Academy, at Paris, i. 77.
Celtic Church, in Scotland, xxi.
475. 481-
Celtic L.^nguages, xviii. 785 ; dic-
tionaries of, VII. 188; Gaelic, x. 6.
Celtic Literature, v. 297; xx. 642;
Gaelic, X. 7.
Celtic Monks, .xvi. 706.
CeltIS, genus of trees, XI. 360; xvii.
360.
Celts, Race, language, and literature of
the, v. 297; X. 6; XXI. 473, 480; their
tribal system, v. 799; their attacks on
Eome, XX. 740, 743; of Britain, viii.
263; in central England, XXI. 739;
their first appearance in Ireland, xiii.
244
Cementation Process, in steel-mak-
ing, XIII. 339.
Cements, V. 328; natural and artificial,
IV. 458, 459; hydraulic, Xiv. 647;
Keene's, XL 351; Parian, XI. 351;
Roman, xx. S08.
Cement Stones, nodvdes of clay iron-
atone, XIII. 2S7
Cemetery, Cemeteries, v. 328 ; Eng-
lish law in relation to, IV. 537 ; at
Paris, XVIII. 284; in ancient Eome, V.
208.
CenCI, Beatrice, parricide, V. 332.
, Francesco, father of Beatrice Cenci,
V. 332.
, Giovanni, captain of thi people,
Rome, XX. 802.
, The, Shelley's drama, XXI. 793
Cendal, silk stuff, XXIIL 210.
Ceneda, district, Italy, v. 333.
Cenis, Mont, Cottian Alps, pass across,
1. 624; tunnel through, X-XIII. 624.
Cennick, John, English hymn-WTiter,
XII. 594.
Cenomani, Gallic tribe, Italy, xill.
446.
Censor, Roman magistrate, v. 334; xx.
738.
Censorship, of books, iv. 39; of the
press, XIX. 710.
Census, enumeration of people, v. 334;
of United States, XXIII. 818.
, register, in Roman law, XX. 676.
Centaurs, in Greek mythology, v.
340; XIV. 300; XXIII. 295.
CentetiD/E, family of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 404.
Centigrade Thermometric Scaxe,
XXIII. 289.
Centilogium Theologicum, Occam's
work, XVII. 718.
Centimetre - Gramme - Second
(C.G.S.) System, of measurement,
XV. 668.
Centipedes, insects, v. 340; xvii. 115.
Centlivre, Susanna, British dramatist,
V. 341.
Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles, early
French tales, IX. 64'
Cento, coinposition made up of extracts,
V. 341.
, town, Italy, v. 341.
Novelle Antiche, Italian stones,
XIII. 501.
Centorbi, town, Sicily, v. 341.
Central America, v. 341; bii-ds of,
III. 748; climate, I. 681; ancient civili-
zation in, XVL 213; ancient monu-
ments in, II. 450; XXIV. 758.
Central India Political Agency,
V. 341.
Central Park, New York city, xvii.
466.
Central Provinces, India, v. 342.
Centre of Gravity, in mechanics,
XI. 69; XV. 729.
Centre of Mass, in mechanics, xv.
699.
Centrifugal Force, in mechanics,
XV. 6o2.
Centripetal Force, in mechanics.
XV. 682.
Centrolite, mineral, xVL 411.
Centrophoru^, genua of sharks, XXI.
778.
Centumviral Court, in Roman law,
XX. 678.
Centumviri, Roman judges, v. 343.
Centuria. in the Roman army, XX.
735-
Centurion Roman military officer,
V- 343-
Centuripe (Centorbi), towni, Sicily, v.
341-
Ceolfrid, abbot of Jarrow, England,
III. 481.
Ceolwulf, king of Noithumbria, Eng-
land, XVII. 570.
Ceorl, Saxon freeman, via. 274; XVIII.
302.
Ceos, island, Greece, v. 343.
Cepeda, Teresa de (St Theresa), Spanish
saint, XXIII. 281.
Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, species of
plants, xiii. 210
Cephalas, Constantinus, compiler of
Greek Anthology, II. 103.
CEpHALLENIA (Cephalonia), island,
Greece, v. 343 ; XIIL 205 ; coins of,
xvil. 643
Cephalobranchs, gi'oup of Annelida,
II. 66.
Cephalochorda, branch of Vei'tebrata,
XXIV. 184, 81
""ephalodiscus, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
434, 435-
Cephaloni.\, island, Greece, v. 343;
XIII. 205.
Cephalopoda, class of Mollusca, vi.
735; XVI. 664; skeletal structure of,
XXII. 106; parasites of, XVIII. 259;
in Lankestefs classification, xxiv.
813.
Cephalotes, genus of bats, xv. 410.
Cephalothrix, genus of nemcrtine
worms, XVII. 326.
Cephalotus FOLLICULARIS, insecti-
vorous plant, XIII. 139.
Cephalus, of Greek mythology, XXIU.
413.
, father of the orator Lysias, XV.
117.
Cephas (Simon Peter), the apostle,
XVIII. 693.
Cephisodotus, Athenian sculptor, 11.
365-
Cephissus, river, Greece, HI. 60; XI.
82.
Cephus Pygm^eus, wheat vest, xxiv.
536.
Ceram, island, Indian Ardiipelago, v.
344-
CeraMICUS, part of ancient Athens, HI.
2.
Ceramic Ware, or Pottery, xix. 600,
in Italy, xill. 454; Japanese, xill.
590.
Cerargyrite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Cerasus, genus of plants, xiv. 340.
, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
Ceratodus, genus of fishes, xiv.
468.
C E E — C H A
89
CeratONIA, gemis of trees, XIV. 707.
Ceratonota, suborderof Mollu3(a, xvi.
656.
Ceratosa, order of sponges, XXII. 423.
Cerball, king of Ossory, Ireland, xill.
252.
Cerberus, in Greek mythology, v.
345-
Cercamon, Proven9al poet, xix. 874.
Cercis, genus of tree?, XIII. 761.
Cercopithecus, genus of apes, 11. 151.
See also XV. 444.
Cercospora Vitis, vine-fungus, xxiv.
240.
Cerdagne, district, Roussillon, France,
XXI. 28.
Cerdo, Syrian Gnostic v. 345; xv.
534-
Cerdoniatts, Gnostic sect, v. 345.
Cerealin, in chemistry, iii. 254.
Cerebellum, xix. 38; anatomy of, i.
871.
Cerebration, Unconscious, xxir. 406.
Cerebratulus, genus of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
Cerebrum, xix. 38 ; anatomy of, i.
872.
Ceredo, Torre de, mountain, Spain,
XXII. 294.
Ceres, in Roman mythology (the Greek
Demeter), v. 345; xiv. 508; mysteries
in honour of, vill. 126.
, asteroid, II. 806.
Ceresin, mineral wax, xvin. 113.
Ceresio, Lago (Lake of Lugano), Switz-
erland and Italy, XV. 60.
C^RET, ton-n, France, XX. 128.
Cereus, group of Cactacese, iv. 625.
CerignoUa, town, Italy, v. 345.
Cerigo, island, Greece, v. 346; Xlll.
205.
Cerigotto, island, Greece, v. 346.
Cerine, mineral, xvi. 409, 410.
CeRINTHUS, early heretic, v. 346; X.
702.
, in TibuUus's poems, XXIII. '349.
Cerisolles, Italy, Battle of (1544), IX.
557-
Cerim;, mineral, XVI. 410; XIV. 291.
Cerium, chemical element, v. 542; xiv.
291; spectrum of, XXII. 376.
Ceroxvlon, genus of palms, xviii.
191.
Cerreto, town, Italy, v. 347.
Cerro de Pasco, town, Peru, v. 347;
xviiL 675.
Ce"iro Hermoso, mountain, Ecuador,
vn. 645.
Certaldo, town, Italy, v. 347.
Certhia, genus of birds, xxiil. 534.
Certhilauda, genus of birds, xiv.
315-.
Certhioia, genus of birds, xxil. 628.
Certiorari, in law, xxiv. 696.
CertoSA, Carthusian monastery, I. 20;
V. 163; of Pavia, xviii. 438; xxL 569;
xxni. 194.
Cerusite, or Cerussite, lead ore, xiv.
375; xvi. 398.
Cervantes-Saavedra, Miguel de,
author of Don Quixote, v. 347; xxii.
356; birthplaceof, 1. 458; his influence
on Spanish drama, VII. 420; as pastoral
poet, XVIIL 346; as satirist, XXI. 319;
his praise of Amadis of Gaul, I. 650.
Cervantite, mineral, xvi. 38S.
Cervela, musical instrument, xvil.
705.
Cervetri, town, Italy, IV. 632; Etruscan
tombs at, IL 414; v. 216.
Cervia, town, Italy, v. 356.
Cervid.«, family of ungulate mammals,
VII. 23; XV. 432.
Cervini, Marcellus (Pope MarceUus II.),
XV. 533.
Cervulus, genus of deer, xvii. 32.
Cervle, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
Cesalpino, Andrea, Italian naturalist,
IV. 633; XXIV. 95. See Csesalpinus.
Cesarewich, Russian title, xi.x. 738.
Cesari, Antonio, ItaUan writer, xill.
514.
, Giuseppe, Italian painter, V, 356.
Cesarotti Melchiore, Italian poet, v.
356.
Cesena, town, Italy, v. 357.
Cesi, Federigo, Italian natural philo-
sopher, I. 70.
Cespedes, Andres Garcia de, Spanish
geographer, XVII. 253.
, Pablo de, Spanish painter and
poet, V. 357.
Cess, origin of the terra, v. 334.
Cesspools, iv. 468.
Cestoda, group of worms, xxili. 49;
their relation to Trematoda, XXIII.
540; parasiticforms, XVIIL 259; xxiv.
205.
Cestoi£)Ea, in Lankester's classification,
XXIV. 813.
Cestoids, parasitic forms, xviii. 259;
x.:iv. 205.
Cestona, Spain, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
Cesiracion, |enus of sharks, xxi.
775-
Cestrus, rivei, Asia Minor, 11. 708;
XIX. 130.
Cestui que Trust, in law, xxiii. 597.
Cet.\CEA, order of Mammalia, v. 357;
XV. 391; xx:v. 523; skeleton of, XXIL
108; mammary glands of, XVI. 302;
olfactory organs of, XXII. 167; sense
of touch in, xxill. 479; distribution
of, viL 280, 346.
Cetina, Gutierre de, Spanish soldier
and poet, v. 357.
Cetshwavo, or Cetywayo, king of the
Zulus, XVII. 242; XXIV. 829.
Cette, tovm, France, v. 358.
Cetti, F., Italian naturalist, on birds,
XVIIL 9.
Cettinje, or Cettinye, town, Monte-
negro, V. 358; XVI. 780.
Cettivavo, king of the Zulus, xvii.
242; XXIV. 829.
CeUTA, town, Morocco, V. 358 ; Xvi.
830.
Ceva, tovm, Italy, v. 358.
CivENNES, mountains, France, v. 358;
IX. 506; Camisards of the, IV. 743.
Ceylon, v. 359; 11. 685; birds of, lu.
763; XVIII. 16; cinnamon production,
V. 785; forests, IX. 405; PaU language,
XVIII. 183; Pauraben ship-canal, IV.
792; pearl fisheries, XVIII. 446; rail-
ways, XX 252; ruby^nines, XXL 48;
Veddahs (primitive people), XXIV.
120; weights and measures, XXIV.
490.
Ceyx, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
C.G.S. (Centimetre - Gramme - Second),
system of measurement, XV. 668.
Chabasite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Chablis, town, France, V. 37r
, T,-ine, XXIV. 606.
Ckaboras (Khabar), river, Mesopo-
tamia, XVI. 47.
Chabot, Gui, Baron de Jarnac, Xlll.
593-
Chabrias, Athenian general, v. 370;
XVIIL 579.
Chad, or Tchad (?.«.), Lake, Soudan,
Africa, I. 255; xxil 277.
Basin, Negroes of the, xviL 319.
Chaderton, Laurence, English Puritan
di\'ine, V. 371.
CH/EREas and CallirRhoe, Greek
romance, XX. 636.
Ch.€RONEL\, or Chseronea, ancient
town, Greece, V. 371: battle of (338
B.C.), I. 281, 4S0; XV. 139.
CH.ETODERMA, order of Mollusca, XVI.
641.
Ch.€T0GNATHA, group of marine worms,
XXI. 148; II. 52.
CH.ETOMVS, genus of rodent mammals,
XIX. 519.
CH.ETOPODA, group ot worms, XXIV.
677; XVI. 652; spermatozoa of, XX.
411; para-sites of, XVIII. 259; in
Lankejter's classification, XXIV. 813.
CH/ETURA, genua of birds, XXII. 760.
Chaff-Cutter, agricultural imple-
ment, I. 326.
Chaffinch, bird, v. 371.
Chaghanserai, in Kafiristan, Afghan-
-istan, Xlli. 820.
Chagos, islands, Indian Ocean, xv.
642.
Chagres, town, Panama, v. 371.
Chaibasa, town, India, xxii. 94.
Chain, Kinetics of a, X^7 741 ; statics
of, XV. 738.
Balance, in. 261.
Cable, iv. 621; n. 4; xxl 597.
Island, South Pacific, xxiii.
602.
Chairs, furniture, ix. 849.
, Railway, XX. 241.
Chaja, or Chaka, bird, xxi. 552.
XXV. — 12
90
C H A — C H A
Chaj Doab. district, Pvmjab, India,
XX. 107.
Chaka, bird, xxi. 552.
Chakhansur. district, Sistan, Persia,
XXII. 100.
Ckakhars, Mongol tribe, xvi. 743.
Chakir Beg, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 634.
Chakrata, military station, India, vii.
33-
Chala, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
Chalamari, tow-n, India, V. 625.
Chal.^N, lake, India, XX. 261.
Chalarothoraca, order of Protozoa,
XIX. 845.
Chalcanthite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Chalcedon, ancieitt town, Asia Minor,
V. 371; council of (451), II. 548; XIII.
796; decrees of, XI. 155.
Chalcedony, or Calcedony, mineral, i.
277; XVI. 389; XVII. 776; XXI. 310.
Chalcidene, Coins of, xvii, 649.
Chalciiiian Alphabet, i. 610.
CHALCii ICE, district, Macedonia, xv.
Chalcis town, Euboea, Greece, vill.
649.
Chalcocite, copper ore, VI. 347.
Chalcocondyles, Laonicus, Byjantine
historian, IV. 614.
Chalcolite, mineral, xvi. 407.
Chalcomenite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Chalcophanite, mineral, xvi. 3S8.
Chalcopsittacus, genus of birds, XV.
7-
Chalcopyrite, mineral, vi. 347; xvi.
393-
ChalcOSIderite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Chalcltapa, Xayra, San Salvador,
Central America, XXI. 268.
Chaldea, or Chaldsa, ancient country,
Asia, III. 184; architectural remains of,
II. 398.
Chalde.\ns, Astronomy of the, 11. 744;
zodiac of, xxi v. 791 ; their invasion of
Judah, xill. 416; their contests with
the Phoenicians, xviii. 808.
, in the Roman Catholic Church,
XX. 631.
, Patriarch of the (Nestorian patri-
arch), XVII. 358.
Chaldee Language, xxi. 647; 11.
307; XI. 596; dictionaries of, VII. 189.
Chaldiran, Asia Minor. Battle of
(15 14), XXIII. 643.
Chaldon, Surrey, England, mural
decorations of church, XVII. 46.
Chaleur, Bay of, New Brunswick,
xvn. 373,
Chalice, sacramental cup, xix. 1S5.
Chalicotheriid.€, fossil ungulate
mammals, XV. 429.
Chalk, v. 372; x. 358; as fertilizer, I.
35'-
Challenger Expedition (1872), in.
24; XVIII. 115; XXIII. 311.
Challes, Savoy, France, mineral water
•V.', XVI. 415; XXI. a32.
Challis, James, on attraction,- III. 64.
Challoner, Richard, English Roman
Catholic bishop, v. 372.
Chalmers, Alexander, English writer,
V- 373-
, George, Scottish historiographer
and antiquary, v. 373.
, James, inventor of adhesive post-
age stamp, XIX. 585.
, Thomas, Scottish divine, v. 374;
his influence in the Scottish Church,
XXL 538.
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, English etates-
man and poet, v. 378.
Chalonitis, Parthian kmgdom, xviil.
592.
.Chalonnais, . district, France, xxi.
301.
Chalons-sur-Marne, to^-n, France,
V. 378; battle of (45i\ in. 62; xx.
?8i.
Chalon-sur-Saone, town, France, v.
378; XXI. 302.
Chalosse, La, district, Landes, France,
XIV. 272.
Chalotais, Louis Een^ de Caradeuc de
la, French politician, XIV. 191.
Chalukyas, dynasty, Mysore, India,
xvn. 123.
Ch.alumeau, or Shawm, musical instru-
ment, xvn. 707.
Chalus, to^^■n, France, XXIV. 223.
Chalybaus, Heinrich Moritz, German
philosopher, v. 379.
Chalybeate Waters, x. 270; xiii.
360; XVI. 434.
Chalybite, mineral, X. 22S; XVI. 397.
Cham/ELEON, genus of lizards, v. 381;
XIV. 734, 737; skull of, XX. 451.
CHAMiEROES, genus of palms, XVIII.
1S9.
Ch.^malhari, mountain, Himalayas,
XXII. 51.
CH.\mars, race of people, India, III. 671 ;
XV. 303.
Chaiiba, state, India, v. 379.
Ch.\mbal, river, India, Xvii. 572; XX.
260.
Chamberlain, v. 379.
, Lord, of the royal household,
England, XXI. 37.
, Lord Great, XXII. 459.
Chamberlaine, Frances (Mrs Sheri-
dan), English novelist, XXI. 796.
Chamberlain Lake, Maine, U.S.A..
XV. 298.
Chamber Music, xvn. 88.
Ch.\mbers, Ephraim, English eneyclo-
pjedist, v. 3S0; his Cyclopedia, VIII.
196.
, George, English painter, v. 3S0.
, Robert, English writer and
publisher, v. 380.
, Sir William, English architect, 11.
444-
Chambersburg, to^\Ti, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., v. 381.
Chambers of Rhetoric, Dutch, xir.
91.
Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728), vni.
196.
Chambers's Encvclop/edia (1860-
68), VIII. 204.
Chambers's Journal, v. 3S0.
Chamb^ry, town, France, v. 381; XXI.
332-
Chambesi, tributary of' the Congo,
Africa, XXIV. 763.
Chambord, . chateau, Loire-et-Cher,
France, V. 381.
, Henry, count of, French Legitimist.
IX. 620.
Chameleon, kind of lizard, v. 381;
XIV. 734, 737 i skull of, XX. 451;.
Aristotle on, XX. 432.
Chamfer, in architecture, 11. 462.
Chamfort, Nicolas, French wit ond
writer, v. 382; XI. 670.
Chamisso, Adalbert von, German
writer, V. 383; X. 542.
Chamois, kind of antelope, v. 384 :
I. 633; II. 102; XV. 432.
Ch^moisite, mineral, xvi. 415.
Chamomile, or CamomUe, plant, xil.
289; flowers, v. 384.
Chamond, St, archbishop of Lyons,
XXI. 159.
Chamouni, or Chamonix, village and
alley, Savoy, v. 385.
Champ.^gne, province, France, v. 385.
, wine, XXIV. 603, 605; adulteration
of, L 173.
, Philippe de, Flemish painter, Y.
386-
Champagne- Pouilleuse, .district,
France, XV. 561.
Champagnole, town, Switzerland, Xlll.
782.
Champaran, district, India, v. 386.
Champaubert, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
Champeaux, William of, Bcholastic
philosopher, v. 386; III. 602.
Champfer, in architecture, n. 462.
Champfleury (Jules Fleury), French
writer, IX. 679.
Champier, Symphorien, French phy-
sician, XV. 808.
Champignon, fungus, xvn. 76.
Champion, in judicial combat, xvn.
820.
, Richard, English potter, xix. 642.
Champions, squatters, xiv. 264.
Champlain, Lake, New York and
Vermont, U.S.A., v. 387; XVII. 45;;
XXIV. 166.
, Samuel de, French explorer and
governor of Canada, v. 3S7; X. 187;
XVI. 795; xvn. 454; founder of
Quebec, XX. 167
Deposits, in geology, x. 370.
Champ-Lev^, enamelling process, vin.
184 XIII. 679; Japanese work, XIII.
591.
Champmesl^ Mademoiselle de, French
actress, XX. 206.
Chasipollion, Jean Franjois, French
Egyptologist, V. 387.
Champoixion-Figeac, Jean Jacques,
French scholar, v. 387.
Chanxas, people of Peru, XVin. 676,
Chance, Mathematical theory of, xix.
768.
Chancel, in architecture, II. 462.
Chancellor, v. 387.
, Lord High, of England, XXII. 458;
list of lord chancellors, vill. 368.
, Eichard, English explorer, X. 183;
XIX. 316; XXI. 92.
OF THE Exchequer, England,
yiii. 797; XVI. 474.
Chancellors, Lives of the, Campbell's
work, IV. 759.
Chancellorsville, U.S.A., Battle of
(1863), XXIIL 778.
Chancerv, Court of, England, v. 389;
bill in, III. 674; guardianship of
infants by, XIII. 2 ; records of. XX:
311.
Chances, Mathematical theory of, xix.
76S; Demoivre's treatise on, vii. 60.
Chancers Gl.\sses, optical, xvii. 801.
Chanchan, Peru, cyclepean wall at, 11.
45=-
Chancroid, disease, xxn. 686.
Chanctonbury Ring, hill, Sussex,
England, XXII. 723.
Chand.4, district and town, India, v.
390-
Chandarnagar, or Chundernagore,
French settleme^it, India, v. 391.
Chand Bardai, Hindi writer, v. 758;
XI. 841, 843.
Chandieu, Antoine, leader of French
Presbyterians, XIX. 693.
Chandler, Richard, British anti-
quary, V. 391.
, Samuel, English Presbyterian
divine, v. 391.
Chandra-Bardai, er Chand, Hindi
wTiter, V. 758; XI. 841, 843.
CB.iNDRA Gupta, Hindu king, xil.
787.
Chandrakon.\, to^^•n, India, XVI. 284.
Chang Bhakar, state, India, V. 769.
Chang-Chow, town, China, v. 391,
673.
Changhwa, town, Formosa, China, IX.
417.'
C«ang-kea-Ko\v, town, China, xni.
828.
Chang-Lam, road, Tibet, XXIIL 342.
Ch.\nG0S, Peruvian tribe, xviii. 676.
Chang pih Shan, mountains, Man-
churia, XV. 465.
Chang-sha Foo, town, China, v. 637.
Chang-Tang, mountain region, Tibet,
XXIIL 339, 341.
Changwe, province, L'^ganda, Africa,'
xxni. 717.
Ch-^iNnel Islands, England, v. 391;
C H A — C H A
population, xxiii. 727; newspapers,-
XVII. 422; Alderney, I. 473X Guernsey,
XI. 247; Jersey, XIIL 634.
Channing, William EUery, American
theological writer, V. 393; i. 728; his
influence on Unitarianism, XXiil. 726.
Chanson de Roland, early French
poem, IX. 637; XX. 626.
Ch.\NSONS, early French poems, IX. 638.
, in music, XVII. 84.
DE Geste, narrative poems, IX.
637; XIX. 875; XX. 642.
Chant, Plain, in music, xix. 168.
Chantaburi, town, Siam, xxi. 852.
Ch.\nt.\l, Baron de, father of Madame
de Sevigne, XXI. 703.
, Madame de, Sainte' de Monthflon,
I.X. 696.
Ch.\nteloup, Count of (J. A. Chaptal),
French chemist and statesman, v. 397 ;
I. 647.
Chantiban, town, Siam, v. 395.
Chantilly, tcnvn, France, v. 395.
Chantrey, Sir Francis, English sculp-
tor, V. 395; XXI. 561.
Chantry, in architecture, II. 462.
Chad, island, Peru, xviii. 671.
, Santiago de, town, Peru, XVIII.
674.
Chaones, ancient Greek tribe, viii.
483.
ChapaL,\, Lake, Mexico, xvi. 216.
Chap.\pote, Mexican asphalt, IL 715.
Chap-Books, xviii. 204.
Chapel, in architecture, II. 462.
Chapelain, Jean, French poet, V. 396;
IX. 657; XX. 204.
Chapel-Hill, town. North Carolina,
U.S.A., v. 396.
Chapelle de Fer, helmet, XL 637.
Chaplains, in British army, II. 584.
Chaplet, Devotional, XX. 848.
Chaplin's Apparatus, for distilling
sea-water, vil. 264.
X^HAPM.iN, George, English poet and
dramatist, v. 396; vii. 432.
Chapoo, or Chapu, town, China, V. 398.
Chappar.\l-Cock, American bird, vi.
6S7.
Chappe, Claude, French engineer, v.
397.
Chappell, WiUiam, Milton's tutor, xvi.
324-
Ch.\pt.\l, Jean Antoine, French chemist
and statesman, v. 397; his methods of
e.ttracting alum from clay, I. 647.
Chapter, of a cathedral, v. 398, 228;
vn. 14.
— House, in architecture, 11. 462.
Chapu, town, China, v. 398.
Ch.^racene, kingdom, Mesopotamia,
XVL 51; XVIIL 590.
Character, physiognomic expression
of, XIX. 3.
Characteristics, Shaftesbury's work,
Vlll. 427; XXI. 732.
Characterization, Draiaitic, vii. 394.
91
Charade, v. 398.
Charadrius, genua of birds, xiv. 76;
XIX. 227.
Chara Punji, station, India, .xiy. 58.
Charas, hemp-resin, XI. 648.
Charaxus, brother of Sappho, xXL
303-
Ch.\rbon, disease of the lemon tree,
XIV. 437.
, woolsorter's disease, XXIV. 663.
Charbonniere, spa, France, XX. 529.
Charcoal, v. 398; its use for the blow-
pipe, III. 837 ; in filtrationr IX. 167;
as an ingredient of gunpowder, XI.
3I9> 323; in iron-smelting, XIII. 292,
317-
Finery, for cast-iron, xtiu^ig.
Chard, town, England, v. 399; xxiL
258.
, vegetable, xil. 280.
Char-D.\gh, mountain. Turkey, iii.
2S2.
Chardin, Sir John, traveller, v. 40CX
Ch.\rente, department, France, v. 4C0.
, wine, XXIV. 606.
Charente-Inferieure, dcpartisent,
France, v. 400.
Charenton-le-Pont, town, France, v.
400.
Ch.^res of Lindus, Greek Eculptor, VU
l66; XX. 526.
Charge d' Affaires, l. 657 ; xiiL
193.
Charger, war-horse, xil. 191.
Charikar, town, Afghanistan, L 23a
Chariot, v. 401 ; racing, in anci^t.
games, X. 64.
Ch.\ris, in Greek mythology, XI. 26.
Charismata, in tl-.e early church, xix.
675.
Charites, The, in Greek mythology, XL
26.
Charities, English, v. 401.
Chariton, of Aphrodi-das, Greet
romancist, V. 402; XX. 636.
CH.\R»v.'iRl, Le, French comic journal,.
V. 105.
Charlcote Park, Warwickihire, Eng-
land, XXI. 738, 753.
Charlemagne (Charles the Great),.
emperor, V. 402; IX. 531; X. 478;
coronation of, VI. 429 ; the empire
he created, XX. 382; academy he-
founded, I. 69; his friendship for
Alcuin, I. 472; his influence in
England, VIIL 282; his conquests in
Italy, XIII. 468; XIV. 816; XX. 786;,
MSS. of his time, xviii. 160; treaty
with Xicephorus I., XVII. 481; pope-
dom in his time, XIX. 495; his sub-
jugation of the Saxons, XXL 351; his
expedition to Spain, XX. 626, 778;
XXII. 310; his tomb, I. 432.
, Jean Arnmnd, French dramatist, V.
404.
AND his Twelve Peers, romances,.
XX. 649.
92
Charlemont, citadel of Givet, France,
X. 626.
Charleroi, town, Belgium, v. 404.
Charles I., the Great, or Charlemagne
(i/.ti.), emperor, v. 402.
1 1., theBald, emperor (I. of France),
V. 409; IX. 534; X. 480.
III.-, the Fat, emperor (II. of
France), V. 409; IX. 535; X. 481.
IV., emperor, v. 412; X. 494;
his interference with Sienese, XXII. 40.
v., emperor (I. of Spain), v. 413;
X. 497; XIII. 716; XXII. 328; his
attitude towards the Reformation, XV.
74; x.X. 32S; towards thi; council of
Trent, xxill. 546; his treatment of
Hernan Cortes, VI. 442; his relations
with Hem-y VIII. of England, XI.
663; his rivalry with Francis I. of
France, IX. 556; as ruler of Holland,
XII. 73; his power in Italy, XIII. 482;
his relations with Spain, xvill. 743.
VI., emperor, v. 418; x. 502.
VII., emperor, v. 418; X. 503.
, or Charles Louis, archduke of
Austria, v. 423.
, the Bold,dukeof Burgundy, v. 424;
IX. 552; his invasion of Switzerland,
XXII. 7S6.
I., king of England, v. 404; VIII.
345; parliament under, xvill. 307;
his policy in Ireland, XIII. 266; in
Scotland, XXI. 511; his relations with
Buckingham, iv. 418; with Earl
Strafford, XXII. 5S4; xxiv. 17; defence
of, by Salmasiuss XXI. 220.
— II., of England, v. 408; vill. 348;
hi» relations with ilonmouth, xvi.
755; with the Popish Plot, xvil. 697;
with Presbytcrianisui, Xix. 690; his
ride in Ii-elaud, xill. 267; his ixjlicy
in Scotland, XXI. 514.
1., theBald, kingof France (emperor
Charles II.), v. 409; IX. 534; X. 480.
II., the Fat, of France (emperor
Charles III.), v. 409 ; IX. 535 ; X.
481.
III., the Simple, of France, v. 409;
IX. 535.
IV., the Fair, of France, v. 409; ix.
545-
v., the AVise, of France, v. 409; l.\.
547-
VI., of France, v. 410; IX. 548.
VII., of France, v. 410; IX. 549.
VIII., of Fiance, v. 411; ix. 553;
in Italy, IX. 335; XIII. 4S1.
IX., of France, v. 412; IX. 560.
X., of France, v. 412; i.x. 619.
(count of Anjou and Provence),
king of Xaples, v. 422; his relations
with Pope Martin IV., xv. 582; as
senator of Rome, XX. 797; his rule ih
Sicily, XXII. 27 ; as lord of Tuscany,
XIII. 475.
II., the Bad, king of Navarre, v.
423; XXII. 324.
C H A — C H A
Charles III., of Navarre, xxii. 324.
IV., of Navarre, v. 423; xxil. 324.
(of HohenzoUem), king of Rou-
mania, xxi. 21.
I.-III., dukes of Savoy, XXI. 341.
'- I., king of Spain (emperor Charles
v., q.v.), V. 413; XXII. 328.
II., of Spain, V. 418; l.x. 5S0; XXII.
333-
III., of Spain, v. 419; IX. 582;
XXII. 336, 340.
IV., of Spain, v. 419; XXII. 342.
VIII., king of Sweden, XXII. 747.
I.X., of Sweden, v. 419; XXII. 748.
X., of Sweden (Chailea Gustavus),
V. 419; XXII. 749.
XI., of Sweden, v. 420; XXII. 749.
XII., of Sweden, v. 420; XXII.
750; his conflict with Russia, XXI.
97 ; Voltaiie's History of his Life,
XXIV. 292.
XIII., of Sweden, V. 422; xxil. 752.
XIV., of Sweden (Bernadotte), III.
601; xvii. 220; XXII. 752.
XV., of Sweden, v. 422 ; X.XII. 753.
, duke of Guise, xi. 267.
, duke of Orleans (Charles d'
Orleans;), early French writer, xvn.
851; IX. 647.
, Jacq^ues A. C, French aeix>uaui, I.
188.
, Thomas, Welsh Methodist preacher,
XVI. 193.
Albert (of Savoy-Carignano),
king of Sai-dinia, v. 425; xiii. 4S6;
XXI. 342.
Augustus, gi-and-dukc of Sa.\e-
Weimar, v. 425; XXI. 350.
Edward Stuart, prince, v. 426;
VIII. 355; XXI. 526.
Em.manuel I., duke of Savoy, v.
427; XXI. 341.
Emmanuel iI.-IV, of Savoy,
XXI. 342.
et Georges, Affair- of, Portugal,
XIX. 553.
Island, Galapagos, Pacific, x. 17.
Louis Mountains, New Guinea,
XVII. 3S6.
Martel, mayor of the palace,
France, v. 427; IX. 531.
O'Mallev, Lcvci-'s novel, xiv.
485.
Charles's Law, of gases, xvi. 611; .xix.
243; X.XIL 479-
Charleston, town. South Carolina,
U.S.A., V. 42S; XXII. 2SS.
, town. West Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv.
519.
Charlestown, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., V. 429.
, town, Nevis, West Indies, XVll.
369.
Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint, French
painter, v. 429.
Charleton, Walter, on birds, .win. 4.
Charlevili^ town. Fiance, V. 420.
Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier
de, French t.?aveller, v. 429.
Ch.\rlier, John, of Gerson, chancellor
of Paris university, X. 549.
Ch.\rlotte, town, North Carolina,
U.S.A., XVIL 561.
A.MALIE, town, St Thomas, West
Indies. XXI. 2CXD.
Charlottenburg, town, Prussia, v.
429-
Charlottesville, town, fugiuia,
U.S.A., V. 430.
, Canada, mineral water of, x\ I. 436.
Charlottetown, town. Prince Edwaid
Island, North America, v. 430, Xix
740.
Charlotteville, to\vn, !Dominica,
West .Indies, VIL 354.
Charlton White, pigment, xix. 86.
Char.mides, dialogue of Plato, .Xix. 196.
ChaRMOISE, French breed of sheeis IV.
246.
Charms, Magical, xv. 202.
Charnel-House, in architecture, H.
462.
Charollais, district, France, xxi. 301.
Charolles, to«-n, France, v. 430; xxi.
302.
Charon, in Greek mj-tholog)-, v. 430;
terra-cotta gioup, XXIIL 192.
Charondas, Greek lawgiver, v. 430.
Charonne, heights, Paris, xvin. 274.
Charpentier, Francois, French aix:hi£0-
logist, V. 430.
, Jean de, on glaciei-s, X. 628.
Charr, fisli, XII. 693; XXI. 223, 225.
Charran (Haran), of Scriptiiiv, XI. 454.
Charriere, Madame de, Swiss writer,
XXII. 799.
CharrON, Pierre, French philosopher,
v. 430; IX. 655; on scepticism, .\XI.
3S2.
Charrua, Indian tribe. South America,
XXIV. 16.
Charsadd.\, town, India, xviu 684.
ChaRTA Bombvcin.\, cotton \aiKi;
XVIII. 217.
Charter, v. 431.
Chartergus, genus of w-asp.s, .<cxiv.
392.
Charter House, Carthusian monas-
tery, I. 20; V. 163.
Charterhouse School, London, xiv.
835.
Charteris, Hiury, early Scottish
printer, -XXI. 541.
Charter-Partv, .'^hipping contract, v.
433-
Charters, English, Early forms of, vii.
255-
Charter Writing, xviii. 161.
Chartier, Alain, French writer, v. 433;
IX. 647.
Chartism, movement for iwlitical re^
form, v. 433; VIII. 366: in relation
to socialism, XXII. 210.
Chartres, town, France, v. 434; cathe-
dral, arcliit2ctui'e of, li. 430; scu)pture3
in cathedral, XXI. 562.
Chartres Humanist school of, XXI.
4ZI.
, Williara de, grand-master of the
Templars, XXIII. 162.
Chartreuse, li(iueur, v. 435; xiv. 687.
, La Grande, monastery, France, v.
434. 163-
Charts, Marine, xvii. 263; xv. 518;
their early use in navigation, XVII.
253.
Charvakhas, Hindu materialistic sect,
XXI. 291.
Charvbdis, whirlpool, xxiv. 541.
, Scylla and, legend of, XXI. 574.
Chase, The, hunting, Xll. 393; Nor-
man laws of, IX. 409.
, Salmon Portland, American states-
man, V. 435; XXIII. 770.
Chasidim (Asideeans), ancient Jemsh
party, II. 729. ,
, modem Jewish sect, xill.
681.
Chasing, ornamentation n{ metals, vni.
189.
Chasseron, oiuuntaiii- .Switzerland,
XIII. 781.
Chastaigner, ijouis dp patron of
Scaliger, XXI. 363.
Chastelain, Georges, Burpundiau
chionicler, v. 435
Chastelard, Pierre Boscobel de,
French poet, v. 436; his relation's
with Mary, q^ueen of Scots, XV. 595.
Chastenoy, Fj-ancp Peace of (1576),
IX. 562.
Chasuble, ecclesiastical vestment, vi.
462.
Chat, bird, xxiv. 537.
Chateau Barriere, ruin, Peiigueux,
France, XVIII. 534.
Chateaubriand, Francois Rene, Vi-
comte de, French essayi.st, v. 436; ix.
672, 674.
Chateaubriant, town, France, v.
458.
Chateau - Chinon, to-wn, Nievre,
France, XVII. 496.
Chateau d' Oleron, town, France,
XVII. 761.
Chateaudun, towni, France, v. 438.
Chateau-Gontier, tuvrn, France, V.
438; XV. 648.
Chateauneuf, spa, France, XX. i'20.
ChaTEAUROUX, town, France, v. 438.
Chateau-Thierry, town, France, v.
439; battle of (1S14), XVII. 221.
Chateldon, France, mineral water of,
XVI. 436; XX. 120.
Chatelet, Madame dti, Voltaire's asso-
ciation with, XXIV. 287.
Chatelguyon, spa, France, XX. 120.
Chatellerault, town, France, v. 439;
XXIV. 222
Chater, river, England, XXI. 114.
CHArHAM, town, England, v. 439; duck-
C E A — C H E
yard, vu. 311, 318; school of militai'y
engineering, II. 586.
Chatham, town, Ontario, Canada, xvil.
775-
, town. New Brunswick, XVII. 375.
Fii-st Earl of, (William Pitt), English
statesman, v. 440; viii. 356; x. 423;
XIX. 134.
Islands, Pacific Ocean, v. 444;
XVII. 466.
Isle, Galapagos, Pacific, x. 17.
Chatillon, Gaultier de, author of the
romance Alexandreis, XX. 641.
Chatillon-sur-Seine, town, France,
V. 444
Chatisgarh (Chhatisgarh), district,
India, v. 608.
Chat Moss, England, Eeclamation of, l.
404; railway works at, XX. 233.
Chatsworth, seat of duke of Devon-
shii-e, Derby, England, v. 445.
Chattahoochee, river, Georgia,U.S.A.,
X. 434.
Chattanooga, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
V. 445; XXIII. 178.
Chatterton, Thomas, English poet, v.
445-
Chatti, ancient German people, v. 244.
Chaturanga, Hindu game, v. 598.
Chaubisi, district, Nepal, XVII. 340.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, English poet, v.
449; his connexion with London, XIV.
845; English language in time of, Vill.
397 ; his place in English literature,
VIII. 411.
Chauci, ancient German tribe, X. 473;
XIII. 758.
Chaudes-Aigues, town, France, v.
454-
Chaudet, Antoine, French sculptor,
XXI. 564.
Chaudiere, river and falls, Canada,
XViiL 68; XX. 165.
Chauhans, clan of Rajputs, India, XV.
3?3-
Chauliac, Guy de. French surgeon,
xxii. 675.
Chaumont, to^vn, France, v. 454;
district, XV. 562.
Chauna, genus of birds, XXI. 552.
Chauncy, Charles, American Univer-
salist, XXIII. 831.
Chauny, town, France, v. 454.
Chauvin, Etienue, French Reformed
divine, V. 454; his Lexicon Rationale,
viii. 194.
Chaux de Fonds, toNvn, Smtzerland,
v. 454; XVIL 361; XXII. 779.
Chaves, iovra, Portugal, v. 454.
Ch ay-Root, dye, xv. 177.
Cha-Yul, district, Tibet, XXIII. 341.
Chazelles, Jean Matthieu de, French
mathematician, v. 454.
Cheating, in law, ix. 726; xxiii. 233.
Check, or Cheque, v. 583; Hi. 315.
Checquy, in heraldry, XL 698.
I Cheddar CHEESt v. 456; ill. 163.
»3
Cheduba, island. Bay of Bengal., v.
454-
Chee, or Tshi, tribe and language, Gold;
Coast, Africa, X. 756.
Cheek, Anatomy of the, I. 825.
Cheer-Pine, tree, xix. 105.
Cheese, v. 455; xvi. 304; Cheddar, v.
456; in. 163; Dunlop,lli. 163; Glarus,
X. ^36; Milanese, xvi. 292; Stilton,,
XIV. 424; Italian varieties, XIII. 452;
Swiss, XXII. 779
Cheese-Making, in England, v. 589;
VI. 771.
Cheese-Mite, xvi. 529.
Cheetah, or Hunting Leopard, v. 456;
xil. 396; XIV. 463; XV. 435.
Che-Foo, town, China, v. 455, 634.
Chefren, Chephren, or Khafra, Egyp-
tian king, V. 582; VII. 733; pyramid
of, II. 386; XX. 123.
Che Hwang-te, emperor of China, v.
643-
Cheke, Sir John, English scholar, V.
457-
Che-Keang, province, Chma, v. 636.
Chekhs (Czechs, q.v.), Slav race, xxil.
145, 147.
Chelcicky, Peter, leader of a Moravian
sect, XVI. 811; XXII. 151.
Chelebi, Ali and Katib, Ottoman
writers, XXIII. 657.
Chelidon, genus of birds, xv. 581.
Chelidonian Islands, Asia Minor,
XV. 93.
Chelidoptera, genus of birds, XX. loi.
Chellia, Jebel, mountain, Numidia,
XVIL 628.
Chelmsford, to\vn, England, v. 457.
Chelonia, group of reptiles, XX. 440,
445; XXIII. 455; in Laukester'a classi-
fication, XXIV. 812.
, genus of reptiles, XXIII. 458.
Chelsea, borough, London, v. 457;
XIV. 821; porcelain works at, XIX.
640; Royal Military Asylum at, II.
586.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., v.
458.
Cheltenham, town, England, v. 458.
Chelydid^, family of chelonian rep-
tiles, XXIIL 457.
ChelydriDvE, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Chelys, Greek lyre, XV. 114.
— — , genus of chelonian reptiles, XX.
452; XXIII. 459.
Chemical Medicine, Schools of, xv.
80S, 810.
Chemicals, Magnetism of, xv. 364.
Chemicking, in bleaching. III. 817.
Chemistry, v. 459 (index, 579); inor-
ganic, v. 467; organic, v. 544; oiigiu
of, in alchemy, I. 459; analysis and
synthesis in, I. 795; Dalton's atomic
theory, VI. 785 ; molecules in, XVI.
620 ; in relation to minerals, xvi.
379; to physiology, XIX. o: to 200-
94
C H E — C H I
logical study, XXIV. 815; of iron, Xlll.
279; of lichens, XIV. 558; of rubies,
XXI. 48; thermometers used in, XXIII.
290;- contributions to the science by
Gay Lussac, x. 122; by Liebig, xiv.
566; by Newton, XVII. 448; by
Priestley, XIX. 732; by Eegnault, XX.
347; by Ste-Claire DeviUe, XXI. 166;
by Scheele,. XXI. 3S8; by Wdhler,
XXIV. 626; by Wurti, XXIV. 703;
societies for promotion of, XXII. 225.
Chemmis, ancient town, 'Egypt, Vli.
Chemnitz, town, Saxony, v. 580; xxi.
358. ,
, Martin, German Lutheran divine,
V. 580.
, Philipp Bogislaw von, German
publicist, XX. 100.
Chemosh, god of the Moabites, xvi.
534-
Che.MY, or Alchemy, I. 459.
Chen, genus of birds, x. 777.
Chenchus, tribe, Karnul, Indian Archi-
pelago, xiv. 6.
Chendwar.\ (Chhindwara'), district and
town, India, v.. 608.
Chenedoll^, C. J. Pioult de, French
poet, IX. 672.
Chenghiz Khan (J'enghiz Khan), Mon-
gol ruler, XIII. 620; II. 699; XVI.
740.
Cheng-TE Fu (Jehol), town, China,
XIII. 619.
Chanter, Andr^ Marie de, French poet,
V. 581; IX. 665.
, Marie Joseph de, French poet and
dramatist, t. 581.
Ghenomorph^ group of birds, in.
712.
Cheops, Egyptian king, v. 582; vii.
732; pyramid of, XX. 123.
Chepangs, tribe, Nepal, xvii. 341.
Chephren, or Khafra, Egj-ptian king,
v. 582; VII. 733; pyramid of, 11. 386;
XX. 123.
Cheping Walden (Saffron Walden),
town, England^ XXI. 146.
Chepstow, town, Monmouth, England,
v. 583; castle, XVI. 754.
Cheque, in banking, v. 583; ill. 315.
Cher, department, France, v. 584;
river, XIV. 806.
Cheras, dynasty, Mysore, India, xvii.-
123.
Cherasco, town, Italy, v. 584.
Oherbourg, to-wxL, France, v. 584;
XV. 459.
Cherbuliez, Swiss family of writers,
xxii. 799.
, Victor, Swiss novelist, XXII. 799.
Cherchell, town. North- West Africa,
XV. 637.
Cheremiss, or Tcheremissian, Ural-
Altaic language, IX. 219; XXIV. I;
dictionary of, vii. 18S.
Cherethites, of Scripture, XVIIL 757.
CHERlBONi town, Java, v. 585; Xlll,
606; residency, XIII.' 606.
Cheskassk, or Tcherkassk, district,
Russia, VII. 356; XVII.-609.
Cherokees, American-Indian tribe, v.
585; X. 437; XII. 828, 834.
Cheroot, variety of cigar, v. 776;
XXIII. 426.
Cherra Poonjee, station, India, xiv.
58.
Cherry, tree and fruit, v. 586; xil. 270.
Cherry-Kernel Oil, xvii. 744.
Cherry-Laurel, tree, xiv. 340.
Cherso, island, Illyria, v. 586.
Chersonese, peninsula, v. 586.
, Demosthenes's oration on the, VII.
71-
, Heracleotic, part of Crimea, xxi.
616.
, Tauric, Crimea, VI. 585; coins of,
XVII. 640.
Chersonesus, ancient town, Eus^a,
VI. 587; XXI. 616.
, A urea, or Malay Peninsula, xv.
321.
Chert, siliceous rock, x. 239; xvi.
389.
Chertsey, town, England, v. 5S6.
Cherubim, of Scripture, v. 587.
Cher"ubini, M. - L. Z. C. Salvatore,
Italian musical composer, v. 587; as
sj'vnphonist, XVII. 97.
Cherusci, ancient German tribe, V.
588.
Chervvell, river, England, xvii. 555;
XVIII. 93; XXIII. 220.
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, U.S.A.,
Xv. 602.
Cheselden, William, English surgeon,
I. 815; XXIV. 1S9.
Cheshire, county, England, v. 5S8;
population and representation, XXIII.
727; salt mines of, XXI. 231.
Chesil, raised beach, Dorset, England,
VH. 371
Chesney, Cliarles Cornwallis, English
military writer, v. 591.
Chess, game, v. 592.
Chess-Playing ' Automatons, xv.
210.
Chessylite, mineral, VL 347; XV. 315.
Chest, Anatomy of the, i. 822; XX. 476;
intlammation of, XIX. 222
, for clothes, in furniture, IX. S48.
Chester,' or Cheshire (j-v.), county,
England, v. 588.
, town, England, v. 604.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., V. 606.
Chesterfield, town, England, v. 606.
, Fourth Earl of, v. 606.
Chester-le-StreeT, town, England,
v. 608.
Chester Plays, English miracle-plays,
VII. 414.
Chestnut, tree and fruit, v. 608; xvii.
664; in United States XXIII. 808;
culture of, 11. 31-7.
Chesuncook, lake, Maine, U.S.A., XV.
298.
Chet.\, district, ancient Syna, xxil.
822.
Chetham Library, Manchester, xv.
463-
Chetlat, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Chettle, Henry, English poet, VI. 296.
Chevalier, Michel, French economist,
XIX. 395.
, Sulpice Guillaume, French cari-
caturist, X. 118.
, Sulpice Paul, French caricaturist,
V. 105.
DE St George (James Stuart, tke
Prfetender), XIII. 560.
Chevaux-de-Frise, in fortification, IX.
423-
Chev6, Emile, French musician, xvil.
100.
Chevets, in architecture, ll. 430.
Cheviot Hills, Great Britaiin, v. 608;
xvii. 564; xxi. 34.
Cheviot Sheep, i. 392.
CHEVR.EANA, ana of Chevreau, l. 785.
Chevron, in heraldry, XI. 694.
ChevrotAin, ungulate mammal, xv.
43°-
Cheyenne, tovra, Wyomifig, - U.S.A.,
XXIV. 7:3.
Cheyennes, ' American-Indian tribe,
XII. 831, 834.
Cheyletid^, family of Arachnida, XVI.
528.
Cheyne, George, English phjtsician, XV.
811.
Chezy, Antoine Leonard, French Oriea-
talist, V. 608.
Chhapra, town, India, xxi. 304.
Chhatisgarh, district, India, v. 608.
Chhindwara, district and town, Indi«,
V. 608.
Chhuikhadan, state, India, XX. 257.
Chiabrera, GabrieUo, Italian lyrio
poet, V. 609; XIII. 511.
CiUAMDO, town, Tibet, XXIII. 342; river,
XXUI. 339.
Chiapas, state, Mexico, xvi. 214. .
Chiaramonte, town, Sicily, v. 6og.
Chiaramonti, Gregorio Lujgi Barnaba
(Pope Pius VII.), XIX. 155.
Chiari, town, Italy, V. 609.
Chiaroscuro, in drawing, vii. 449.
Chiastolite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Chiavari, town, Italy, v. 610.
Chiavenn.\, town, Italy, v. 610.
Chiazza, town, Sicily, XIX. 79.
Chibchas, Indians, Colombia, VI. 156.
Chicago, town, Illinois, U.S.A., v. 710;
XXL 178; XXIIL 822; libraries of,
XIV. 535, 550; newspapers, xvil. 435.
Chicara, kind of antelope, II. 102.
Chichele, or Chichely, Henry, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, v. 613.
Chichen-Itza, ancient town, Yucatan,
I. 694; XXIV. 43, 759.
C H I— C H r
95
Chicheree, bird, xiv. 8r.
Chichester, town, England, v. 613;
XXII. 724; Bculptvires in cathedral,
XXI. 557.
Chichimecs, people, ancient Mexico,
XVI. 2og.
Chick, in various stages, II. 700.
Chickavauga, U.S.A., Battle of (1863),
xxiii. 778.
Chickasaws, American-Indian tribe, v.
614; xil. 828, 835.
Chickering, Jonas, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 77.
Chick-Pea, plant, XI. 36.
Chiclana, town, Spain, v. 614.
Chiclavo, town, Peru, XVIII. 6.74.
Chicopee, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
V. 614.
Chicory, plant, v. 614; culture of, i.
383; XII. 281; as forage, I. 378; root
mi.xed mth coffee, I. 169; VI. 114.
Chicova, town, on Zambesi river,
Africa, xxiv. 765.
Chief, in heraldry, XI. 694.
, of Scottish clans and Irish septs,
XXIII. '418.
Justice, legal title, xiii. 788.
Chieftainship, Celtic, v. 800.
Chieng Mai, Shan state and town,
Eastern Asia, XXI. 773, 853.
Chieri, town, Italy, v. 615.
Chieti, town, Italy, v. 615.
Chiffchaff, bird, xxiv. 688.
Chigi, Agostino, Italian patron of art,
XX. 279.
, Fabio (Pope Alexander VII.), I.
490.
Frescos, Raphael's, xx. 279.
Chignecto Bay, New Brunsmck, xvil.
373-
Chigoe, insect, ix. 301; xiii. 150.
Chihil Menare, ruins of Persepolis,
Persia, xviii. 558.
Chihil Sutun, palace, Ispahan, Xlll.
394-
Chih-li, province, China, v. 633.
Chihuahtja, to^vn, Mexico, V. 615;
XVI. 214; province, XVI. 214.
, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi. 254.
Chilblain, form of frost-bite, xvi.
849.
Child, its position in law, xiii. i.
, Sir Josiah, English economist, XIX..
357-
, Lydia American authoress, I. 727.
Child-Crowing, false croup, vi. 617;
XXI n. 320.
Childe Harold, Byron's poem, iv.
606.
Childeric I., king of the Franks, x.
476.
Childers, Robert Cajsar, English
Orientalist, v. 615.
Childhood, Period of, xv. 778.
Child Murder, xiii. 3.
Children, Diet for, vii. 201; law relat-
ing to, XIII. I.
Childrenite, mineral, xvi. 407
Children's Crusade, vi. 627.
Chile (Chili, q.v.), country. South
America, v. 616.
Chilenite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Chiles, mountain, Ecuador, VII. 645.
Chili, country. South America, v. 616;
I. 713; new northern boundary, XVIII.
669; revolt against Spain, I. 709; Lord
Cochrane's naval exploits in, vii. 540;
war \vith Peru (1879), xviiL 679;
marine fishes of, XII. 68 1; forests, IX.
406; Indian tribes, XII. 829; news-
papers, XVII. 437 ; observatory at
Santiago, xvii. 716; railways, XX. 252.
, vegetable, XII. 280.
Chilians, Ancient, L 700.
Chilianwala, India, Battle of (1849),
v. 624; XII. 808.
Chiliasm, or Millenarianism, in Chris-
tian eschatology, viii. 534; XVL 315;
xviii. 427; XX. 497.
Chillan, to\vn. Chili, v. 624; mineral
spring at, V. 617.
Chillianwalla, town, India, v. 624;
battle of (1849), XII. 808.
Chillicothe, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v.
624.
Chillingham Park, Northumberland,
England, xvii. 566; wild cattle of, v.
245.
Chillingvi'Orth, WQliam, Englisu.
divine, v. 624.
Chillon, Castle of, Switzerland, xxiv.
115; Prisoner of (Eonnivard), IV. 36.
Chilly, pickle, v. 280.
Chilmaree, town, India, v. 625.
Chiloanga, river. West Africa, XIV.
742.
Chiloe, island and province, Cliili, v.
617, 625.
Chilognatha, order of Myriapoda,
XVII. 118.
Chilon, Greek sage, V. 626.
Chilopoda, order of Myriapoda, xvii.
119.
Chiloscyllium, genus of sharks, xxi.
774-
Chiloscyphus, genus of liverworts,
xvii. 68.
Chilostoma, suborder of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
Chilostomellidea, order of Protozoa, .
XIX. 847.
Chiltern Hills, England, v. 626;
xviii. 93.
Chiltern Hundreds, Bucks, England,
IV. 416; stev.'ardship of, v. 626.
Chilunga, district, West Africa, Xiv.
742.
ChiMjERA, in Greek mythology, v. 626;
XV. 94; in heraldry, XL 701.
Chimay, town, Belgium, v. 626.
Chimborazo, mountain, Ecuador, vii.
645.
Chimbote, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Chime, of bells, iii. 539.
Chimney, in building, iv. 466; ventila-
tion by, XXIV. 1 59.
Chimpanzee, ape, 11. 149.
China, v. 626 (index, 672); 11. 684; in
Ptolemy's geography, xx. 95; early
history of, II. 117, 700; its conquests in
Turkestan, XXIII. 639; invasion of, by
the Bactrians, XVIII. 590, 592, 599; by
Jenghiz Khan, XIII. 621; conquest of
by the Mongols, XIV. 151; xvi. 742;
its rule in Tibet, XXIH. 343; in time of
Marco Polo, XIX. 406; architecture, II.'
448; birds. III. 762; coalfields, VI. 59;
coins,xvii. 66i; cotton supply, VL 484;
emigration from, VIII. 175; forests,
IX. 405 ; glass-making, x. 651 ;
libraries, XIV. 534, 549; Confucian
literature, VL 263; mines, xvi. 469;
Christian missions, xvi. 517; Jesuit
mis.sions, XIII. 652; XX. 536; news-
papers, XVII. 432; observatories, XVII.
716; opium cultivation and trade, XVII.
788, 791; pearl oysters, xvin. 448;
porcelain, XIX. 633; railways, xx.
252 ; religion, XX. 363 ; ancient
religion, XXIII. 236; Taoist religion,
XIV. 296; Roman Catholic Church in,
Xl.x. 810; silk industry in, XXII. 56;
tea culture, xxiil. 98; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490; survey of, by
Jesuit missionaries, X. 188.
Aster, plant, 11. 736; xii. 249.
Chinab, river, Punjab, ludia, XX. 107.
China Blue, for calico printing, iv.
690.
China Clay, xiv. i.
China Grass, xx. 506.
China Ink, xiii. 80.
Chinali Mountains, Texas, U.S.A.,
xxiii. 204.
Chinandega, town, Nicaragua, xvii.
477-
China Sea, xviii. 116.
Chinch.'V, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Islands, Peru, v. 673; xviii.
671; guano of, XL 233.
Chinchay-Cocha, lake, Peru, xviii.
673-
Chinchew, toivn, China, v. 673.
Chinchilla, rodent mammal, v. 673;
IV. 13; XV. 420; skins of, ix. 838.
, town, Spain, v. 673.
Chinchon, Countess of, her connexion
with cinchona, v. 781.
Chinchona (Cinchona, q.v.), tree, V.
780; XVIII. 673.
Chinchu, town, China, V. 673.
Chin-Cough, or Hooping-Cough, xil.
154.
Chinese, people of China, n. 697; their
relations to American Indians, XII.
823; compared to the Peruvians, I.
698; in California, IV. 706; their use
of explosives in war, II. 655.
Astronomy, ii. 745.
Chronology, v. 717.
Coolies, vi. 334.
96
C H I — C H O
Chinese Drama, vii. 400.
Chinese Hog, i. 400.
Chinese Language, V.053; xviii. 774;
alphabetisra of, I. 602; its relation to
Japanese, XIII. 585; Julien's works on,
XIII. 770; dictionaries, vii. 191.
Chinese Literature, v. 653.
Chinese Pink, garden annual, xil. 249.
Chinese Tallow, vegetable fat, xvii.
744. 746-
Ching-hai, or Chin-hae, town, China, v.
674; XVII. 513.
Chingleput, town, India, v. 674.
Ching-sze, Jenghiz Khan (q.v.), Xlll.
620.
Ching-too Foo, town, China, v. 638.
Chin-hae, town, China, v. 674; XVII.
513-
Chin-keang Foo, town, China, v.
674.
Chinnereth, Sea of, or Sea of Galilee,
Palestine, X. 29.
Chino, Negro and Indian half-caste,
xvn. 317.
CHiNON,,to-mi, France, v. 674; peace of
(1214), XIII. 714.
Chinsurah, tovra, India, V. 674.
Chintamani, Tamil pch;m, xxiii. 43.
Chioggia, town, Italy, v. 674; war of
(1379), XIII. 4S0; xxiv. 144.
Chiolite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Chionis, genus of birds, XXL 7S2.
Chios (Scio), Greek island, xxi. 465;
coins of, XVII. 647; school of sculpture
at, II. 349.
Chiozza (Chioggia), town, Italy, v. 674;
XXIV. 144.
Chiplun, town, India, XX. 292.
Chipmunk, American^ squirrel, XXII.
438.
Chippenham, towfi, England, v. 674;
XXIV. 594.
Chippewavs, American Indians, xii.
827, 831.
Chipping Barnet, town, England, iii.
379-
Chipping Wycombe, town, England,
XXIV. 712.
Chiputneticook, lakes, New Bruns-
wick, XVII. 373.
Chiquitos, American Indians, xil.
829.
Chira, town, Turkestan, XIV. 67.
Chirimoya, Peruvian fruit, xviii. 673.
Chirk, Wales, Aqueduct of, 11. 229.
Chirogaleus, genus of- lemurs, xiv.
442.
Chiromach>eris, genus of birds, XV.
455-
Chiromancy, palmistiy, xv. 206; xix.
4-
Chiromys, genus of lemurs, XIV. 443.
Chiron, in Greek mythology, v. 675.
Chironectes, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvii. 796.
Chiroptera, order of Mammalia, xv.
405.
Chiroxiphia, genus of birds, xv. 455.
Chiru, antelope, II. 102.
Chisel, cutting tool, xi. 437.
Chiswick, village, England, v. 675.
Chitarrone, Roman lute, xv. 70.
Chiton, Greek article of dress, vi. 453.
Chitons, order of MoUusca, xvi. 641.
Ghitral, state and town, Hindu Kush,
Asia, XL 838; XiV. 9.
Chittagong, district and town, India,
V. 675-
Hill Tracts, district, India, v.
675-
Chius, or Chios (q.v.), island, II. 349.
Chiusa, town, Italy, v. 676.
Chiushingur.\, Japanese tale, vil.
402.
Chiusi, town, Italy, v. 676; viii. 635.
Chivalry, xiv. ho; in England, viiL
299; in German literature, X. 523;
romances of, XX. 632; Spanish books
of, XXII. 354; treatment of, in Ville-
hardouin's Chronicle, XXIV. 230.
Chivasso, town, Italy, v. 676.
Chives, vegetable, xii. 281.
Chiviatite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Chladni's Figures, in acoustics, i.
113-
Chladnite, mineral, xvL 415.
ChL/ENAce/E, order of plants, Madagas-
car, XV. 170.
Chlamydophora, order of Protozoa,
XIX. 845.
Chlamydophore, edentate mammal, v.
676; XV. 386.
Chlamydosaurus, genus of lizards,
XIV. 736; XX. 457, 458.
Chlamydoselachus, genus of sharks,
XXI. 778.
Chlamys, Greek article of dress, vi.
453-
Chloantite, mineral, xvi. 390.
Chloasma, skin disease, xxii. 122.
Chlodwig (Clo\-is, q.v.), Frankish king,
X. 476.
Chloeia, genus of Annelida, II. 68.
Chlopicki, Joseph, Polish insurgent,
XIX. 29S.
Chloral, in chemistry, v. 676; hydrate
of, V. 677; XVII. 232.
Chlorate of Potash, xix. 591 ; as
explosive, viil. S07.
Chlorate of Sod.a, xxii. 241.
CHL0RHYDR.ATE OF AMYLENE, WuTtz's
investigation of, xxiv. 703.
Chloride of iron, xiii. 280; of lime,
V. 678 ; of mercury, XVI. 33 ; of
methyl, xvi. 196; of- potash, XIX. 591;
of silver, XXII. 72 ; of sulphur, XXIL
635; of titanium, XXU'. 410.
, Ferric, magnetism of, 'xv. 267.
Chlorine, chemical element, v. 678,
490 ; xvil. 62 ; discovery of, by Ber-
thollet. III. 609 ; its action on metals,
XVI. 71 ; as plant food, xix. 49; as
poison, XIX. 279; use of, in bleaching,
in. 812.
Chlorite, mineral, x. 228; xvl 4:3.
Chloritoid, mineral, xvi. 413.
Chlorocalcite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Chloroform, in chemistry, v. 679; as
anaesthetic, I. 790 ; its u.se first ad-
vocated by Simpson, XXII. 86.
Chloromelanite, mineral, Xlll. 541.
Chloropal, mineral, xvi. 425.
Chloroph.site, mineral, xvi. 415.
Chlorophyll, green-producing colour-
ing matter in plants, XIX. 48, 52, 57,
831; III. 690; IV. 87; XII. 12.
Chlorophyllite, mineral, xvl 418.
Chloroplatinic Acid, xix. 191.
Chlorops, wheat pests, xxiv. 535.
Chlorosis, disease, Xill. 360 ; xvill.
375-
Chlorosperme*, suDorder of Algse,
I. 508.
Chlorospinel, mineral, xvl 386.
Chloroxylon, genus of trees, XXI.
317-
Chlorus, Constantius, Roman emperor,
at Paris, xviii. 287.
Chnuphis, Egyptian divinity, 'Vll. 718-
Choanoflagellata, subclass of Pro-
tozoa, XIX. 858.
Choarene, Parthian kingdom, Xviii.
592.
Chobe, town, Zanzibar, Africa, xxiv.
768.
Chocolate, preparation from Cocoi
(q.v.), V. 680; VI. loi.
Choctaws, North-American Indian.%
V. 680.
Choczim (Khotin), town, Russia, Xiv.
67.
Chodneffite, mineral, xvi. 3S4.
Chodowiecki, Darnel Nicolas, Polish
painter, v. 63 1.
Chceronycteris, genus of bats, xv.
414.
Chceropsis, genus of ungulate mam-
mals, xxii. 772.
Chceropus, genus of marsunial mam-
mals, XV. 381; xxiL 285.
Choir, in architecture, n. 462.
, Musical, XVII. 84, 85.
Choiseul, island. South Pacific, XXII.
252.
, Cesar, Due de, French general, v.
681.
, Claude Antoine Gabriel, Due de,
French royalist, v. 681.
, Etienne Franijois, Due de, French
statesman, v. 68 1 ; IX. 590, 593.
Choisy-le-Rol to\^-n, France, XXI.
624.
Choke-Bore Gun, xi. 28 i; xxi. 833.
Cholera, -v. 682; Quarantine for, XX-
157-
Cholesterin, chemical compound ia
nerves, XIX. 24.
Cholet, town, France, v. 685.
Cholm, town, Russia, XX. 36.
Cholo, issue of Negro and Indian, xvn.
319.
C H O — C H R
97
Cholcepus, genus of edentate mammals,
xxii. 162.
Cholon, town, Coclim-Chma, xxi. 152.
Cholula, town, Mexico, v. 685.
Cholum, Indian grain, xvi. 321.
Cholutec, language, Nicaragua, xvil.
479-
Choluteca, department, Honduras,
XII. 132.
Chomto Dong, lake, Tibet, xxiii. 341.
Chondrarsenite, mineral, XVI. 405.
Chondrin, substance akin to gelatin,
X. 130.
ChondRITE, meteoric stone, XVI. 112.
Chondrodite, mineral, xvi. 410.
Chondropterygii, order of fishes, XII.
685.
Chondrosina, order of sponges, xxil.
422.
Chondrostei, suborder of fishes, xil.
687.
Chondrosteus, genus of (oosU fisbes,
XXII. 613.
Chondrus Crispus, species of Algse,
XIII. 276.
Chonicrite, mineral, XVI. 414.
Chonos Archipelago, Patagonia,
xviji. 352.
Chons, or Kbuns, Egyptian deity, v
685: VII. 718.
Chontal, language, Nicaragua, xvii.
479-
Chontales, gold mines, Nicaragua,
XVII. 478.
Choc Yuen-Chang, founder of Ming
dynasty, China, v. 648; xvi. 743.
Chopin, Frederic Fraiijois, Polish
musical composer, v. 685.
Choragic Monuments, ii. 411.
Chorals, hymn-tunes, xvii. 85.
CHORASMIA, ancient kingdom, Turke-
stan, XIV. 62; xviil. ibi.
Chorazin, Palestine, Site of, X. 29.
Chorda FiluM, species of Algae, 1. 509.
Chordata, group of animals, xxill.
614, 618; XXIV, 179.
Chords, Ptolemy's table of, XX. 88.
Chorea, disease, v. 686; xviii. 391,
398; XX. 517; xxi. 201.
Chorene, Moses of, Armenian historian,
XVI. 861.
Chorepiscopus, ecclesiastical fligni-
tary, vii. 14.
Chorin, Cistercian monastery, Prussia,
XVII. 366.
Choristida, order of sponges, XXII. 423.
Chorizontes, advocates of dual author-
ship of Homeric poems, XIL 119.
ChoiO-EY, town, England, v. 686.
Chorographv, notation for dancing,
VI. 800.
Choroid Coat, of the eye, i. 887;
diseases of, XVII. 783.
Choroiditis, eye disease, xvii. 782,
783.
Chorotegan, language, Nicaragua,
xvil. 479.
25—6*
Chorrillos, town, Peru, xiv. 644.
Chorus, in the Greek drama, xvii.
79; VIII. 674.
Choses IN Action, Choses in Pos-
session, in law, xviii. 665.
Chosroene, district, Mesopotamia,
XVIII. 57.
Chosroes I. (Khosrau I.), king of
Persia, XVIII. 612; XIII. 797.
II., XVIIL 614; palace of,, at
Mashita in Moab, xvii. 35.
Chota Nagpur, or Chutia Nagpur,
British division, and tributary states,
India, v. 767, 768; population of. III.
567.
Chotchim (Khotin), town, Russia, XIV.
67.
Choti, kind of cloth, xi. 315.
Chotts, or Shotts, lakes, Algeria, I. 563;
XXI. 151; xxiiL 620.
Chotzemitz, Bohemia, Battle of (1757),
XIV. 137.
Chouans, royalist insurgents, France,
V. 686; IX 607.
Chough, bird, vi. 618.
Choumara. F. M. T., on fortification,
IX. 464.
Chouth. Mahratta impost, India, xv.
291.
Chow, Dynasty of, China, v. 643,
Chowbent, or Atherton, lovm, Eng-
land, III. II.
Chozars (Khazars), ancient people,
Caucasus, XIV. 59; XXI. 78.
Chrestiani, Chrestus, for Christians,
Christ, XIIL 657.
Chrestien, Florent, French satirist
and Latin poet, v. 687.
DE Troves, early French romancist,
V. 687; XX 649; XXIV. 632.
Chrestus, Chrestiani, for Chnst,
Christians, xill. 657.
Chribsie, lake, Transvaal, South Africa,
XXIII. 517.
Christ, Jesus, v. 687; xiii. 656; the
Messiah, xvi. 54.
Christabel, Coleridge's poem, vi. 137.
Christchurch, town, Eugland. v.
687.
, town. New Zealand, v. 688.
Christ Church, college, Oxford, xviii.
96.
Christian, origin of name, xin. 657.
I.-II., electors of Saxony, xxi.
354-
— — II., king of Sweden, xxil, 747.
, Fletcher, Bounty mutineer. III.
826; XIX. 132.
Brethren, religious sect, xix.
238.
Era, v. 712.
Hero, The, by Steele, XXII.
527.
Christiania, town, Norway, v. 688;
XVH. 582; library, XIV. 532; observa-
tory, XVII. 714: university, xxiii.
850.
Christianity, V. 688; -xx. 360; creeds
of, VL 558; doctrines of, VII. 332;
XXlIL 275; doctrine of sacrifice, XXI.
138; ethics of, VIII. 588; ethical con-
nexion with socialism, XXII. 206;
in relation to inspiration, XIII. 155;
tlieology of, XXIII. 239; attacks on, LI.
191; Celsus's attack on, V. 296; in the
2nd century, XVI. 774; Constantine's
relations to, VI. 300; early, in Persia,
XVIII. 609; in Spain, XXII. 311; pro-
phets in the early church, XIX. 822;
its economic effects, XIX. 352 ; its in-
fluence on classical ar^, II. 344; on
Roman law, xx. 710; on slavery, XXII.
134; as influenced by Gnosticism, X.
705; by Neoplatonism, XVIL 338; its
introduction into England, VIII. 277;
into Ireland, XIII. 247; into Japan,
XIII. 584; into Russia, xxi. 89; into
Scotland, XXI. 474; inrelation to Mani-
chaeism, XV. 485; Pliny's references to,
XIX. 226; recognized as the religion of
the Roman empiie, XX. 778; Clemenfs
views of, V. 820; Irenseus's, XIII. 274;
Lessing's, xiv. 482 ; Locke's, xiv.
756; Origen's, XVII. 841.
as Old as the Creation,
Tindal's work, xxiil. 404.
Not Mysterious, Toland'sworkI'
XXIII. 434.
Christian Philosopher, Dick's work,
VII. 173.
Christian Republic, of France, ix.
565.
Christian Socialism, xxii. 210.
Christiansand, town, Norway, v. 703;
XVII. 582.
ChristianshaaBj trading . district,
Greenland, XI. 170.
Christians of St Thomas, sect in
India, xxill. 308.
Christianstad, to^vn, Sweden, v. 702;
county, XXIL 741.
Christiansund, to^vn, Norway, v. 702;
XVII. 582.
Christianus Democritus (J. C. Dip-
pel), German theologian and alchemist,
viL 255.
Christian Year, Keble's, xiv. 26.
Christina, regent of Savoy, xxi.
342-
, queen regent of Spain, XXll. 345. '
, queen of Sweden, v. 702; XXII.
749; her correspondence \vith Des-
cartes, VII. 1 20.
Christine de Pisan, early French
writer, V. 703.
Christis Kirk on the Grene, poem
by James I. of Scotland, XIII. 556.
Christmas Day, v. 704; xin. 659.
Christodulus, St, of Patmos, xvilL
408.
Christofle, C, his method of working
nickel, XVIL 487.
Christophe, Negro chief, Hayti, xi.
545-
XXV. - Xi -
98
C H K - C H W
ChristOi-her, St, V. 704; wall paint-
ings of, XVII. 44.
of Bavaria, king of Sweden, XXII.
746-
, duke of Wiirtemberg, xxiv. 702.
North, assumed name of John
Wilson, Scottish writer, xxiv. 59-1.
Christopoulous, Atlianasias, modern
Greek poet, v^ 704: XI. 151.
Christ's College, Cambridge, iv.
731-
Christ's Hospit.4L, school, London,
XIV. 835.
Christ's Victory, poem by Giles
Fletcher, IX. 305.
Christ^s Wounds, marks of stigmatiz-
ation, XXII. 548.
CHRODEG.'iNG, bishop of Metz, xvi.
707.
Chroiiates, chemical salts, v. 705; in
photographic printing, XVIII. 831; as
poisons, XIX. 278.
Chromatic Aberration, in lenses,
XVL 259; XVII. 803; xxiii. 141.
Chromatic Chords, in music, Purcell's
use T)f, XVII. 90.
Chrom.itic Scale, in music, i. loS ;
xviL 79, 91.
Chrom.atophores, organs of molluscs,
XVI. 665, 681.
Chromatrope, slide for magic lantern,
XV. 213.
Chrome, Pigments of, xix. 87.
Bl.\ck, for calico printing, IV.
690.
Chromeisen, or Ciiromium-Steel, alloy
of chromium and iron, V. 706; XIII.
352.
Chrome Tanning, xiv. 389.
Chro.mic Acid, v. 705.
Chromite, mineral, XVL 386.
Chromium, chemical clement, v. 705,
534 ; discovery of, by Vauquelin,
XXIV. 116; combined with iron, XIII.
284; spectrum of, XXII. 377.
CHROMIUM-STEEL, XIII. 352.
CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHV, XIV. 700;
XXIII. 708.
Chromosphere, envelope of the sun,
11. 7S8; VI. 429; XXII. 645.
CHROMO-TYPOGRAPHY, XXIII. 708.
Chronica Majora, of Matthew of
Paris, XV. 634.
Chronicle, of Villehardouin, xxiv.
229.
, of ViUani, xxiv. 227.
. , Saxon, VIII. 406, 408.
Histories, in English drama, vii."
428.
Chronicles, nooKs 01, v. 706; in. 636.
, mediaeval records, their historical
value, XII. 20; Latinity of, XIV. 341;
English, Blow's editions of, XXII. 580;
early French, IX. 645 ; German, X.
527; Italian, XIII. 505; Judaean, XIV.
85; Polish, XIX. 299; Russian, XXI.
103; Spanish, xxil. 354, 363.
Chsonicon Edessenum, Syrlac work,
XXII. S35'.
Chronicon Helveticum, Tschudi's,
XXIII. 601.
Chronicon Paschale, Byzantine his-
tory, IV. 614.
Chronograph, electric velocity in-
strument, XI. 298; XXIIL 395.
Watch, xxiv. 398.
Chronological Table, from earliest
times to 1875, v. 720.
Chronology, ■'. yog; archasological,
II. 334; Egyptian, vii. 72S; Scaliger's
contributions to, XXI. 363.
Chronometer, timepiece, v. 755;xxiii.
392, 395; XXIV. 394; Berthoud's, III.
610; Harrison's, XI. 494; navigating,
xvn. 259, 263, 273.
Chronoscope, electric velocity instru-
ment, XI. 29S.
Chrudim, town, Bohemia, v. 755.
Chrysalis, pupa stage of butterflies, IV.
594-
Chrysanthemum, plant, xii. 254; xv.
544-
Chrvsippus, Greek philosopher, v. 755;
-XXII. 562.
Chrysoberyl, mineral, xvi. 386.
Chrysocheir, leader of the Paulicians,
xviii. 434.
Chrvsochlorid.e, family of insecti-
vorous mammals, x.'. 405.
Chrysocolla, mineral, vi. 347; xvi.
411.
Chrysolite, precious stone, xvi. 410;
xviii. 534.
Chrysoloras, Manuel, Greek gram-
marian, v. 755; XI. 149.
ChrysopH-^n, constituent of rhubarb,
XX. 530.
Chrysopolis (Ingolstadt), ancient town,
Bavaria, XI 1 1. 74.
(Parma), media-val town, Italy,
xviii. 314.
(Scutari), ancient town, Turkey in
Asia, XXI. 573.
Chrysoprase, mineral, 1. 278 ; XVI. 3S9.
Chrysostom, Dion, Greek rhetorician,
VII. 247; on Indian epic poems, xxi.
281 ; his I'omaucc, The Hunter, XX.
634.
, John, St, archbishop of Constanti-
nople, V. 755; against monasteries,
XVI. 703.
Chrysothrix, genus of apes, 11. 154.
Chrysotile, mineral, xvi. 414.
Chu, the rhea plant, XX. 506.
Chubb, or Chub, fish, 11. 42; XIL 692;
XX. 582.
, Thomas, English deist, V. 757; on
natural religion, VII. 35.
Chubb's Locks, xiv. 746.
Chubb's Safes, xxi. 144.
Chueut, river, Patagonia, XVm. 353.
Chukchees, or Tchuktchis, Land of
the. Eastern Siberia, XV. 547; XXII.
9; XXIV. 726.
Chulpas, burial towers, Peru, II. 451.
Chumbe, mineral, xxiv. 7S5.
Chunar, or Chunarghur, town, India,
V- 757-
Chund, or Chand, Hindi writer, v.
75S; XL 841, 843.
Chundernagore, French settlement,
India, v. 391.
Chundrakona (Chandrakona), town,
ludi.i, XVI. 284.
Chunnia, bird, xxi. 677.,
Chuprah, town, India, v. 758.
Chuquisaca, department, Bolivia, IV.
10; town, XXII. 618.
Chuquito, lake, Bolivia, iv. 1 1.
Chur, or Coire, town, Smtzerland, VI.
117; XXII. 778.
Church, The, v. 758, 9; clergy of the, v.
827; discipline of the, VIII. 800; offices
in, XIX. 674; organization of, v. 698;
in time of St Paul, XVIII. 428; views
of IrensBUs on, XIII. 274.
, Catholic, V. 9.
, Greek, XI. 1 54.
, Lutheran, XV. 84.
. and State, Relations of, v. 758;
XI. 16, 18; Calvin on, XIX. 677;
Erastus on, VIII. 518.
Clocks, vi. 27.
f.\thers, ix. 49.
Government, Erastus on, viii.
51S.
• History, v. 760.
Churchill, Charles, English satirist
V. 766; his plac^ in English literature,
VIII. 429.
, John, duke of Marlborough,
English general, XV. 553.
Church Music, xvii. 80, 84, 88.
Church of England, viii. 370; the
king the head of, XIX. 674; order of
precedence in, XIX. 667.
Church of Rome, xx. 628.
Church of Scotland, xxi. 536.
Church Patronage, in Scotland, xxi.
5>9-
Churchwardens, English, xviii. 296.
Churchyard, Thomas, English soldier
and writer, v. 767.
Churchyards, Right of burial in, iv.
537 ; effects of overcrowding, v.
329-
Churls, social class in early England,
viii. 274.
Churriguerra, Joseph, Spanish archi-
tect, II. 442.
Churrus, or Charas, hemp-resin, ill.
627; XL 648.
Chusan, island, China, v. 767.
Chutia Nagpur, district, India, V. 767;
division, XIV. 806.
Chutia Nagpur Tributary States,
India, v. 768.
Chutisgurh (Chhatisgarn), division,
India, v. 608.
Chutterpur, town, India, v. 769.
Chwanchow, town, China, v. 673.
C H-W — C I R
9t
ChweN-Chang (Kirin), town, Man-
churia, XIV. 96.
Chyle, secretion in digestion, I. S46;
VII. 226; XVII. 67S.
CHVLURl.'i, disease, XVIII. 270.
Chyme, digested contents of the stomach,
VII. 225; XVII. 670.
CHYTRIDIE/E, parasitic fungi, XVIII.
267.
ClBBER, or Cibert, Caius Gabriel,
Danish sculptor, v. 769.
, CoUey, English dramatist and
laureate, v. 769; vil. 436.
Cibert, Cains Gabriel, Danish sculptor,
V. 769.
ClBO, Giovanni Battista (Pope Innocent
VIIL), XIII. 85.
CiBORlUM, in architecture, II. 462.
ClBR.^Rio, Luigi, Italian economist,
XIX. 387.
CiCACOLE, town, India, v. 770.
Cicero, Marcus Tulliv.s, Roman orator
and ^vritc^, V. 770; XX. 764; as
Academician, I. 69 ; his knowledge
of anatomy, I. 802 ; his economic
theories, XIX. 350; his Latinity,
XIV. 333; his rhetorical works, XX.
514; his opposition to Catiline, V. 238;
his relations with Hortensius, XII. 210;
his connexion with Tusculum, XXIII.
671; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 719.
Cici, VTach colony in Istria, XXIV.
270.
ClCLATOUN, variety of gold cleth, xxill.
210.
CicoGNARA, Leopoldo, Count, Italian
archseologist, V. 772.
ClCONlA, genus of birds, XXII. 577.
CiD, The (Ruy Diaz Campeador), Spanish
hero, v. 773; XXII. 315; literature
relating to, XXII. 353.
, Le, Corneille's play, I'l. 420.
Cider, beverage, v. 775; 11. 212.
ClECHANOW, town, Russian Poland,
XIX. 227.
ClENFUEGOS, Nicasio Alvarez de, Span-
ish poet, v. 775; XXII. 361.
Cigar, v. 775; xxiii. 426; Cuban, vi.
681; manufacture of, in Philippine
Islands, XVlll. 751.
Cigarettes, v. 776; xxiii. 426.
Cignani, Carlo, Italian painter, V. 776.
CiGOLl, Luigi Cardi da, Italian painter,
V. 776.
CILIATA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 861.
CILICIA, ancient province, Asia Minor,
^'- 77^> 75; coins of, xvii. 648.
CiLiciAN Gates, pass, Asia Minor, 11.
705.
CiMABUE, Giovanni, Italian painter, v.
778; XXI. 434; his method of fresco-
painting, IX. 770.
CiMA DEL Mercedario, mountain.
Chili, V. 616.
CiMAROSA, Domenico, Italian musical
composer, v. 779; XVH. 99.
CIMBRI, ancient Germanic tribe, V. 7S0;
X. 474.
CiMBRIC .-^LPS, I. 630.
CiiiENTO, Accademia del, of Florence,
1.70.
Clmmerii, or Cimmerians, ancient Scy-
thian race, v. 7S0; XXI. 577; inLydia,
XV. 100.
, mythical people, v. 780^ supposed
locality of, III. 149.
CUIOLITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
CiMOLOS, island, jEgean Sea, XV. 841.
CiMON, Athenian statesman and general,
V. 780; XI. loi; XVIII, 529, 573.
Cl.MONE, Monte, mountain, Italy, XIII.
437-
ClN^THUS, poet of Chios, XXI. 466.
Cinchona, tree and bark, v. 780; XX.
184; cultivation of, in India, III. 568;
XII. 751; on the Himalayas, XI. 833;
in Peru, XVIII. 673.
CiNCHONiDiNE, alkaloid in cinchona,
XX. 185.
Cincinnati, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 780;
XVII. 737; population, xxiil. 822;
libraries, XIV..535, 550; observatory,
XVII. 715.
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, Roman
hero, V. 7S4.
CiNCLUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 75.
CiNCTU.s Gabinus, in Pioman costume,
X. 2.
Cinder, in iron smelting, Xlii. 296,
306.
CiNEAS, adviser of Pyrrhus, v. 785; XX.
136.
Cineraria, greenhouse plant, Xll. 262.
Cinerary Urns, xix. 602, 623.
Cinna, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul,
v. 785; XX. 760.
, CorneiUe's play, VI. 420.
Cinnabar, mineral, v. 785; xvi. 32,
393-
, of Pliny, resin, vil. 389.
Red, pigment, XIX. 87.
Cinnamon, spice, v. 785; cultivation of,
in Ceylon, v. 36^; as incense, XII. 718.
— — Stone, mineral, XIII. 532; XVI.
411.
ClNNAMUS,Joanne8,Byzantinehistorian,
IV. 613.
Cinnyris, genus of birds, xxii. 652.
CiNO DA PiSTOiA (Guittonoino de'
Sinibuldi), Italian poet and jurist, v.
786; XIII. 502.
CiNOSTERNiDyE, family of chelonian
reptiles, xxill. 457.
Cinq-Mars. Vigny's romance, xxiv.
226.
Cinq-Mars, Marquis de, French
courtier V. 786 ; conspiracy of, IX.
570.
CiNQUA MiGLlA, plain, Italy, xiil. 438.
Cinquecento, Period of the, in archi-
tecture, II. 436, 438 ; Arabesque of
the, II. 234.
Work, in cameos, iv. 739.
CiNQUEFOlL, in architecture, II. 462.
Cinque Ports, England, v. 786; viii
218; their establishment, XVil. 279.
Cinque Ports, Barons of the, in. 38E
CiNTHiO, or Cintio (Giovanni Battist
Giraldi), Italian novelist, X. 620.
CiNTO, Mont, Corsica, VI. 439.
CiNTRA, town, Portugal, v. 787.
CINYXIS, genus of chelonian reptiles.
XXIII. 457.
CiOLEK, Staijislaus, Polish statesman
XIX. 453.
Clo.MPl, Rebellion of Uie, Florence, IX
334-
CiONE, Andrea di (Orcagna\ ItaUai
painter and sculptor, XVII. 8 14
, Jacopo, Italian painter, XVii. 814
, Licnardo, Italian pauiter, xvii
814.
, Matteo, Italian sculptor an(
mosaicist, xvii. 814.
CiONOCRANlA, suborder of lizards, Xiv
733-
Cipher- Writing, vi. 669
CiPOLLiNO, mineral, xvi. 397.
Cipriani, Giovanni Battista, Italiar
painter, v. 787.
CiRCAR, province, India, v. 7S7.
Circassia, region of the Caucasus, v
787.
Circassian Language, Dictionary o'
the, VII. 190.
Circassians, race of people, v. 257 ;
Kuban tribes of, Xiv. 150.
Circe, in Greek mythology, v. 789
XV. 202.
CiRCEII, ancient town, Italy, V. 789.
CiRCESlUM, to\vTi, Mesopotamia, xv;
48.
Circle, in geometry, X. 380 ; mensurr
tion of the, XVI. 17; Archimedes o;
II. 3S0 ; ratio of circumference <
diameter, XXII. 434 ; XXIIL 563
squaring of the, XXII. 433.
, Transit, astronomical instrument
XXIH. 515.
Circles, Stone, ancient, xxi. 51; i-
Peru, II. 451.
Circuit, -in law, v. 789.
Circuits, Telegraphic, xxiii. 122
, Telephonic, XXIII. 132.
Circulation, Capillary, of the oiood
XXIV. 105 ; Malpiglii's discovery of
XV. 338.
, Osmotic, in plants, xix. 46.
OF THE Blood, i. 899; xxiv. 98
Harvey's discovery of, XI. 503; XV
810; in mammals, XV. 364
CiRCUMCELLiONES, Eastern ascetic
XVI. 701.
Circumcision, v. 789 ; among th
Bechuanas, III. 47S: amone the Mala
gasy, XV. 173.
Circus, Roman, v. 791 ; x. 65 ; XX
829.
, genus of birds, XL 491.
Cirencester, town, England, v. 792 ;
100
agricultural college at, I. 408; x.
688.
Cirencester, Richard of, English his-
torian, XX. 542.
CiREY, Haute-Marne, France, Voltaire's
residence, xxiv. 287.
CiRlLLO, Domenico, Italian physician
and patriot, v. 792.
CIRPHIS, mountain, Greece, XVIII. 801.
CiRRHA, ancient town, Greece, vi. 590.
CiRRHlPEDIA, or Girripedia, VI. 632,
653, 664 ; distribution of, vil. 279,
283 ; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. S13.
Cirrhosis of the Lung, disease, xix.
251.
Cirrus, cloud, xvi. 127.
Cirta (Constantine), ancient town,
Africa, v. 793; VI. 298; XV. 6c»:
XVII. 628.
CiSMONTANE PRINCIPLES, of Eoman
Catholicism, VI. 241.
CISSA, island, Adriatic, XXI. 29.
Cis-SuTLEj States, India, v. 793.
CiSTEAUX (Citeaux, g.».), village, France,
V. 794.
Cistercian Abbeys, i. it
CISTERCIANS, order of monks, V. 793;
XVI. 709; in England, VIII. 372.
Cisterns, in houses, iv. 503; xxi. 715.
Cisticola, genus of hirds, xxiv. 367.
Cistudo, gemis of clielonian reptiles,
xxiii. 457.
Citation, in law, xxii. 642.
Citeaux, village, France, v. 794; I. 15,
17; monastery of, I. 17; III. 601; v.
793; XVI. 709.
CitHjERON, mountain, Greece, v. 704;
III. 58.
CiTHARA, Greek IjTe, XV. 114.
Cities, English, growth of, viiL 276,
303; European, population of, VIII.
705.
Citizenship, i. 575; municipal, xvii.
27; Roman, XX. 687, 704, 736.
Citlaltepetl, mountain, Mexico, xvu.
845.
Citrate of Magnesia, xv. 218.
Citrates, chemical salts, v. 795.
Citric Acid, v. 794; xiv. 438.
Citrine Ointment, xvi. 34.
Citron, tree and fruit, v. 795.
Citrus, genus of fruit trees, xiv. 437;
xvii. 810.
CittX BELLA Pieve, town, Italy, v.
795-
CiTTA Dl Castello, to\vn, Italy, v.
795; XX. 275.
Cittadini, Celso, Sienese historian,
XXII. 43.
CittX Vecchla, town, Malta, v. 796-,
XV. 340.
City, v. 796; county of a, vi. 513; in-
corporated, in United States, XXIII.
827; municipal, XVII. 27, 31.
OF Dreadful NicrfT, Thomson's
poem, XXIII. 312
C I R — C L A
City of God, Augustine's work, in. 78.
CiUDAD Bolivar, town. Venezuela, II.
45; XXIV. 140.
Ciudad DEL Principe, to%vn, Cuba,
XX. 99.
Ciudad de Victoria, town, Mexico,
VIL 553; XVI. 214.
ClUD.UJELA, town, Minorca, v. 796.
Ciudad Real, town, Spain, v. 796;
province, xv. 458; XXII. 298.
Ciudad Real, town, Mexico, xxi. 255.
Ciudad Rodrigo, town, Spain, v. 796;
XXL 203.
ClULLO D'Alcamo. Italian poet, XIIL
499.
Civet, carnivorous mammal, v. 796;
XV. 436.
, perfume, v. 796; XVIII. 526.
Cividale, town, Italy, v. 797.
Civil Courts, in England, vi. 516.
CiviLIS, Claudius, Germanic leader, X.
475-
Civilization, its earliest seats, 11. 342;
development of, II. 120; in relation to
ethnology, VIII. 614, 624.
, History of. Buckle's, IV. 421.
, History of, Condorcet's, VI. 255.
Civil L.wv, v. 797; xx. 678.
Civil Laws of the Emperors. S\Tiac
versions, XXII. 834.
Civita Castellana, town,' Italy, v.
797-
Civita di Chieti, town, Italy, v. 615.
Civita di Penne, town, Italy, v. 797.
CiviTAS Cadurcorum (Cahors), ancient
town, France, IV. 642.
Civita Vecchia, town, Italy, v. 797.
CivOLl, or Cigoli, Luigi Cardi da,
lalian painter, v. 776.
CLACKMANNAN, county, Scotland, v.
798 ; area and population, XXI. 528 ;
representation, XXIII. 727.
Claddagh, village, Ireland, X. 57.
Cladobates, mammal, mimicry in,
XVI. 341.
Cladodactyla Rosea, sea cucumber,
XX. 411.
Cladorh^'NCHus, genus of birds, xxn.
552.
CladotrichEvE, group of Schizomy-
cetes, XXI. 4Q5.
' C^AFEN fChiavenna), to>vn, Italy, ■ v.
610.
Clairault, Alexis Claude, French
mathematician, v. 798; II. 759; on
the ellipticity of the earth, VII. 600.
ClaiRMONT, Claire, her relations with
Shelley and Byron, XXI. 791.
Clair-on-Epte, France, Treaty of (912),
XVII. 539.
Clairvaux, France, Monastery of, 1. 15;
HI. 602; V. 793.
Clairvoyance, xv. 277; xxii. 405; in
conjuring, XV. 208.
Clam, Soft, mussel, xvu. 1 10.
Clamecy, town, France, v. 798 ; xvii.
496.
Clan, v. 799; marriage relationships in,
XXIII. 472 ; relationships of, among
the Sawaioris, XIX. 424; totems of,
XXIII. 467.
Clangula, genus of birds, XVI. 824.
Clanny's Lamp, for mines, vi. 73.
Clans Kay and Chattan, Fight
between, at Perth, XXL 491.
Cl.\n Tartans, xxiii. 68.
Claparede, J. L. R. A. £douard, Swiss
naturalist, v. 801; on Annelida, 11. 69.
Clapham, district, London, XIV. 822.
Clapperton, Hugh, African traveller.
V. 801; I. 246; X. 192.
Claras, Poor, religious sisterhood, ix.
693, 699; XVL 711.
Clare, county, Ireland, v. 802 ; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
transferred to Munster, XIII. 246.
, John, English poet, V. 804.
Clare Constat, ^v^it, in Scots law,
XXIV. 697.
Clare Island, Ireland, xv. 650.
Clarence, river. New South Waks,
XVII. 408.
, Lionel, duke of, -son of Edward
IIL of England, XXIV. 752.
, George, duke of, brother of
Edwai-d IV., vii. 6S5.
, William, duke of (WUliam IV. of
England), XXIV. 580.
Clarendon, First Earl of (Edward
Hyde), English statesman and liis-
torian, v. 804.
Fourth Earl of (G. W. F. Villiers),
English statesman, v. 807.
, Constitutions of, I. 32; VIIL 372;
XI. 657, 658.
Press, Oxford, xviii. 96.
Clares, or Claras, Poor, religious sister-
hood, IX. 693,699; XVI. 711.
Claret, wine, xxiv. 604.
Clarges, Anne, Avife of General Monk,
XVI. 752.
Clari, Giovanni Carlo Maria, Itali&n
musical composer, V. 809.
Clarias, genus of fishes, XXII. 67.
Clarinet, musical instrument, xvil.
707, 708.
Clarino Part, trumpet music, xxiii.
593-
Clarissa Harlowe, Richardson's
novel, viii. 430; XX. 544.
Clarisses, religious sisterhood, IX. O93,
699.
Clarite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Clark, B. J., American temperance re-
former, XXIII. 158.
, George Rogers, American revolu-
tionary officer, XXIII. 745.
, Sir James, English physician, v.
809.
, Thomas, Scottish chemist, v. 809.
Clarke, Adam, Wesleyan divine, v.
809.
, Elward Daniel, English traveller,
V. Sio.
C L A — C L E
101
Clarke, Samuel, English philosopher
and theologian,. V. Sid; Butler's corre-
spondence mth, IV. 582 ; on deism,
XXIII. 234; his conception of ethics,
viii. 598.
. Captain' William, American ex-
plorer, XIV. 494.
, W. B., on the geol(^ of Australia,
III. loS.
Clarke's Fork, river, Montana, U.S. A.,
XVI. 772; xxiii. 797.
Clark's Filar Micrometer, xvi.
245. 247-
Clarkson, Thomas, English philan-
thropist, V. 813; xxn. 139; his rela-
tions with WQberforce, XXIV. 565.
Clarus, Julius, on the infliction of tor-
ture, xxiil. 466.
Class Distinctions, v. 186.
Classics, Early editions of the, IIL 655.
Classification, Botanical, in. 683;
XVL 845; XX. 421; xxiL 372.
) Zoological, II. 49; in. 683; XVI.
845; xxn. 372; XXIV. 805.
Clauberg, John, German philosopher,
V. 814; vn. 126.
Glauda, island, Crete, VI. 570.
Claude of France, daughter of Louia
XII., IX. 555.
of Lorraine (Claude Gelee), French
painter, v. S14; I'umer's rivalry of,
XXIII- 664.
" of Lorraine, founder of the Guise
family, xi. 265.
, Jean, French Protestant writer, V.
814.
Claudet, Antoine Francois, French
photographer, V. 815.
Claudianus, Claudius, Eoman poet,
V. 8 1 5 ; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 727.
Claudia Procula, wife of Pontius
Pilate, XIX. 89.
Claudiopolis (Klausenburg), ancient
town, Hungary, xiv. 107.
Claudius, Appius Csecus, Roman patri-
cian, V. 816.
, Appius Crassus, Roman decemvir,
V. 816.
, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
V. 8i?T
, Matthias, German poet, V. 817; x.
541.
, Tiberius, Roman emperor, V. 816;
xvn. 348; XX. 772, 773.
QUADRIGARIUS, Q., Roman his-
torian, XIV. 729.
Claughton - CUM - Grange, part of
Birkenhead, England, in. 780.
Clausel, Bertrand, French general, l.
567.
Clausenburg, • town, Hungary, XIV.
107.
Clausius, Rudolf J. E.. his theorem in
dynamics, in. 39.
Claussen, or Clausson, Peder, Norse
writer, vn. 90; xvn. 589.
Clausthal, town, Prussia, xiv. 108.
ClauSthalite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Clausthal Turn-Table, ore-dressing
machine, XVl. 59.
Clavelinid^ family of Tunicata,
xxin. 609.
Claverhouse, John Graham of. Vis-
count Dundee, VIL 536; XXL 516.
Clavering, Captain, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 319.
Clavichord, musical instrument, xix.
65.
Clavicimbalum, musical instrument,
XIX. 67.
Claviciterium, musical instrument,
XIX. 70.
Clavicle, or CoUar-bone, anatomy of, i.
826.
Clavicornes, group of Deetles, vi. 131.
^lavieres, Etienne, Mirabeau's col-
laborator, XVI. 497.
Clavigo, Goethe's play, X. 726.
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, Spanish
traveller, v. 817; X. 179; XXIL 354.
Clavis Universalis, Arthur Collier's
work, VI. 143.
Clavius, Christopher, his calculations
for the Gregorian calendar, IV. 671;
on prosthaphaeresis, XVII. 183.
Claws, of animals, xxn. 107; xv. 348.
Clay, x. 237; xvi. 424; for brick-mak-
ing, IV. 280; for pottery and porce-
lain, XIX. 600 ; used as food, by
Indians, I. 703 ; burnt, used as manure,
I. 351; in England, vin. 229; red,
deposits of, in Pacific, xvni. 123.
, Cornish, or China, XIV. i.
, Fire, IX. 238.
■ , London, geological formation, X.
361-, XVI. 279.
, Henry, American politician, v.
817; XXIII. 762, 764, 770.
Clave.^ters, tribe of Indians, I. 703.
Clay Ironstone, xiii. 287.
Claymore, weapon, xxn. 801.
Clayton's Brick-Making Machines,
IV. 282.
Clazomen^, ancient town, Asia Minor,
V. 818.
Cleanliness, in relation to health, xil.
568.
Cleanthes, Greek philosopher, v. 818;
xxn. 562.
Cl^archus, Spartan general, v. 818;
XVIII. 576.
of Rhegium. bronze sculpture by,
n. 348.
Clearing-House, for banks, in. 328.
Clearing Nut, xvn. 664.
Cle.Wage, in crystals, VI. 672 ; in
rocks, X. 261, 306, 372; XVI. 378.
Cleddy, river, Wales, xvill. 481.
Cleirac, on the sea laws, XXI. 583.
Cleitophon, Leucii>pe and, classical
romance, xx. 636.
Cl6menges, Nicholas de, on corrup-
tions in the church, XX. 320.
Clemens Alexandrinus, theologiaii,
V. 819; as Biblical interpreter, xi. 745;
on the canon of Scripture, V. 8; on
the Mysteries, xvn. 128.
Clemens Romanus, early Christiaji
writer, n. 195; XIX. 489 ; on the
Gospels, X. 814.
Clement I., pope, v. 821.
II., pope, V. 821; XIX. 498; XX.
790.
III., pope, V. 821; XX. 794.
III., antipope, XL 255
IV., pope, V. 821; XIII. 475; XX.
797-
v., pope, V. 821; XIX. 501; XX.
798; his subjection to Philip IV. of
France, IX. 544; suppression of the
Templars under, xxni. 164.
VI., pope, V. 822.
VII., pope, V. 822; Xin. 482; XV.
787; XlX. 502 ; his attitude towards
the Reformation, XX. 328.
VII., antipope, XX. 803.
VIII., pope, V. 822; XIX. 505; his
opposition to Father Sarpi, XXI. 311.
IX,, X., popes, V. 822.
XI., pope, V. 822; XIX. 507.
XII., pope, V. 823.
XIII., pope, V. 823; XIX. 507; his
relations to the Jesuits, XIII. 654.
XIV., pope, V. 823; XIX, 507; his
measures against the Jesuits, xill.
655.
of Alexandria, v. 8ig, 8; XI. 745;
XVII. 128.
of Rome, IL 195; X. 814; XIX. 489.
, Franjois, French historian, V. 823.
Clementi, Muzio, Italian musical com-
poser, V. 823.
Clementine League, xx. 328.
Clementines, The, early work on the
church, II. ig6.
Clemmys, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxin. 457.
Cleobulus, Greek sage, v. 824.
Cleomenes I., king of Spai-ta, v. 824.
III., of Sparta, v. 825; xvin. 790.
Cleon, Athenian leader, v. 825.
Cleopatra I.-VL, queens of Egypt,
VII. 746, 747.
VI., queen of Egypt, V, 826; vii.
747 ; XX. 769 ; her relations with
Mark Antony, n. 141.
Cleopatra's Needles, i. 495; 11. 390;
vn. 76S; XVII. 703.
Cleopatris, ancient towj, Egypt, xxn,
620.
Cleophas, or Clopas, of Scripture, XIIL
552.
Cleph, king of the .Liombards, xiv.
814.
CLEPSlNlDiE, suhfamily of leeches, xiv.
404.
Clepsydra, hydraulic clock, v. 826.
Clerc, Jean I'e, or Clericus. XIV. 397;
■his Parrhasiana, I. 7S5
Clerestory, in architecture, n. 462.
102
C L E — C L Y
Clergy, v. 826; an estate of the realm
of England, VIII. 557.
, Benefit of, in law, v. 827.
Clergyman's Sore Throat, xxiii.
320.
Clericis Laicos, papal bull, ix. 544.
Clericus (Jean le Clerc), Protestant
theologian and wTiter, XI v. 397: i.
785.
CLERKEN\yELL PRISON, Lonaon, XIV.
834.
Clerk's Gas-Engine, xxii. 524.
Clermont, Count of, French general,
IX. 589.
en Beauvoisis, Iowa, France, v.
828; XVII. 749.
Clermont-Ferrand, town, France, v.
828; church of Notre-Dame-du-Port,
II. 456; monastery, I. 20; opium culti-
vation, xvn. 792.
CLERMONT-L'HiRAULT, town, France,
v. 828.
CLERMONT Manuscript, of the Scrip-
tures, v. 9.
Clevedon, toivn, England, xxii. 258.
Cleveland, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v.
828; xvii. 737; population, xxiii.
822.
, Duchess of, her relations with
Wycherley, XXIV. 706.
• I , Grover, president .of the United
States, XXIII. 785.
— — , John, English poet, V. 829.
Bays, breed of horses, I. 385.
Monuments, at Bhagalcur, India,
in. 626.
Cleves, town, Prussia, V. 829.
Clichy, town, France, vi. i ; XXI. 624.
Client, Patron and, Roman relationship
of, XVIII. 412; XX. 669, 736.
Clifden, village, Ireland, X. 56.
Cliff, hills, Lincolnshire, England, xiv.
653.
Clifford, Rosamond (Fair Rosamond),
mistress of Henry II., XX. 848.
, W. K., on evolution, viii. 765.
Cliffort, George, friend of Linnasus,
XIV. 673.
Clifton, town, England, vi. i.
Climate, vi. i; science of, xvi. 114;
adaptation of animals and plants to,
I. 84; affected by coamical causes, X.
218; Jalnes CroU on, X. 218.
Climax, mountain pass, Asia Minor,
XV. 93.
Climberrum (Auch), ancient to%Tn,
France, in. 67.
Cline, Henry, his experiments in vac-
cination, XIII. 623.
Clinical Thermometer, xxiii. 292.
Clinkstone, rock, x. 234.
CUNOCHLORE, mineral, xvi. 414.
Clinoclase, mineral, XVI. 406.
Clinton, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi. 7.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., VI. 7.
» , De Witt, American statesman,
^»L7.
Clinton, Sir Henry, British general,
XXIII. 744.
, Henry Fynes, English scholar,
VL 7.
Clintonite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Clio, Muse of history, xvn. 74.
Clione, genus of iloUusca, xvi. 667.
Clipping, of coins, xvi. 4S2.
Clisson, Oliver, constable of France,
i.x. 548.
Clistenterata, group of Brachiopoda^
IV. 189, 194.
Clisthenes, tyrant of Sicyon, xxii. 32.
Clitandre, GorneUle's play, VI. 420.
Clitarchus, on the taking of Perse-
. polls, xvin. 559.
Clitheroe, towTi, England, VI. 7.
Clito, William of, son of Robert of
Normandy, ix. 539.
Clitomachus, Greek philosopher, VI. 8.
Clitor, ancient town, Greece, VI. 8.
Clitus, killed by Alexander, I. 483.
CUVE, Lord, of Plassy, VI. 8; in India,
xn. 800; at siege of Arcot fi75i), n.
47S.
CloaCjE, sewers, Roman, XX. 814.
Clobbergoll, social institution, Pelew
Islands, v. 126.
Clock, vi: 13; xxiii. 392; driving, for
telescope, XXIII. 154; hydraulic, V.
826.
Clock-Making, in Switzerland, xxii.
779-
Clodion, Claude Michel, Frencn sculp-
tor, XXI. 563.
Clodius, Christian August, his relations
with Goethe, X. 722.
, Publius, Roman tribune and dem-
agogue, XVL 323; XX. 765; his oppo-
sition to Cicero, v. 771.
Clodoald, or Cloud, founder of St
Cloud, France, XXI. 160.
CloEon, insect, larval stage of, vilL
457-
Clogg Almanacs, i. 59a
Clog-Shoes, xxi. 830.
Cloisonnee, partitioned artistic work,
in enamelling, VIII. 183; xill. 679; in
mosaics, xvi. 850; Japanese, XIII. 591.
Cloister, vi. 35; i. 12.
Cloncurrv, district, Queensland, xx.
172.
Clones, town, Ireland, XVI. 718.
Clonmacnoise, Ireland, its seven
churches, xiv. 87.
Glonmel, town, Ireland, VL 36; XXin.
406.
Clontarf, Ireland, Battle of (1014),
XIII. 254; XXI. 479.
Cloonfinlough, Ireland, Crannog of,
VI. 552-
Clootz, Jean Baptiste, Baron, French
Revolutionist, vi. 37.
Clopas, or Cleophas, of Scripture, xill.
552-
Closter Seven, Prussia, Capitulation
of ("757)) V. 74; VI. 706; IX. 588.
Clot, Antoine, French physician, vi.
37-
, Bernat des, Catalan chronicler,
xxiL 363.
Cloth, dressed by calendering, IV. 6S2;
painted, in wall decoration, XVil. 37;
printing on, IV. 6S4; trade in, at
Leeds, XIV. 407; weaving of, xxiv.
463, 466; a^ncient weaving of, XXin.
206; woollen, XXIV. 661.
Clothing, in relation to health, Xll.
568; of British army, II. 588.
Clotilda, St, wife of Clovis, vi. 37;
i.x. 529.
Clotted Cream, vi. 771.
Clouds, xvi. 126, 138; their connexion
with the aurora, in. 91.
, The, of Aristophanes, II. 508.
Clough, Arthur Hugh, English poet,
VI. 37-
Clover, first introduced by Weston. I.
297; culture of, I. 375.
Seed, i. 383.
Cloves, tree and fruit, VL 38; XII. 817;
yield of, in Amboyna, I. 661.
CLOVESHOE(Abiugdon),England,Synod
of (747), vin. 371.
Clovio, Giulio, Italian painter, VI. 38.
Clovis, king of the Franks, ix. 52S; x.
476; XVIII. 287; conversion of, XX,
378.
Clowes, John, Swedenborgian clergy-
man, XXII. 760.
,Will'am, Methodist preacher, XVI.
192.
Clown, jester, IX. 300.
Cloyne, town, Ireland, VI. 38
Club, Clubs, early types, vi. 38; XL
259; modern, vi. 41; the Kit-Cat,
XIV. 103; rowing, XXI. 31; scientific
and literary, XXII. 221; social, VI. 38.
Club-Foot, VI. 42.
Club-Hauling, of ships, xxi. 000.
Club-Mosses, xv. 95.
Cluff, English Plymouthist, XIX. 239.
Clugia (Chioggia), town, Italy, v. 674.
Clugni, or Cluny (j.f.), town and abbey,
France, I. 14; v. 794; VL 43.
Cluniac Monasteries, i. 14.
Cluniac Monks, v. 793.
Cluny, town, France, 1. 14; vi. 43;
monastery of, v. 794; XVI. 708; library
in, XIV. 513.
Museum, Paris, xviii. 282.
ClUPEA, genus of fishes, XL 764; XVI.
10; XI.X. 90, 275; XXL 726; XXII,
432.
Clusium (Chiusi), ancient town, Italy,
v. 676; VIII. 635.
Clusius (Charles de I'Escluse), on the
potato plant, XIX. 59..
Clutha, river. New Zealand, xvn
467.
Cluver, Philip, German geographer,
VI. 43.
Clyde, river, Scotland, vi. 43; xiv.
250; xx. 395; dredging of, vil. 466;
C L Y — C 0 C
103
improvement works, XX. 579; naviga-
tion, X. 640.
Clyde, Lord, British general, vi. 43.
Clydesdale Horses, l 3S5.
Clymene Amphistoma, species of
Annelida, IL 67.
ClvTvEMNESTRA, wiie of Agamemnon,
VL 44; XVIL 827.
Cnicnode, Cnictrope, in geometry,
XXIL 669.
Cnidus (Tekir), ancient town, Asia
Minor, VL 44; battle of (394 B.C.),
XL 103; XVIIL 578; Greek school of
medicine at, xv. 800; lion-tomb at,
IL 412.
Cnossus, town, Crete, VL 44.
Cnut, or Canute, Danish and English
king, v. 39; viu. 2S7.
Coach, and coach-making, v. 135, 137.
COAHUILA, state, Mexico, XVL 214.
Coal, vi. 45; x. 238; xvi. 429; anthra-
cite, in United States, xxiil 811; com-
bustion of, and its products, XXIL
180; for gas-making, x. 88; production
of, XVI. 467; for steam-boilers, xxil.
500, 519; in Australia, III. log; in
Brazil, IV. 224; in China, v. 633, 634,
637, 639; in England and WaWs, VIII.
226; in India, Xil. 737, 764; industry,
in United States, xxill. 812. See also
Coalfields, below.
COALEROOKDALE, Shropshire, England,
XXL 847.
Coal Cutting, Machines for, vi. 67.
CoAL-DusT Furnace, ix. 844.
Coalfields ai<d Coal-Mines, of Bel-
gium, hi. 523; of Bengal, in. 568;
British, VI. 49; of British Columbia,
VI. 169; in Formosa, China, IX. 416 ; of
Derbyshire, England, VII. 107; of Lan-
cashire, England, XIV. 252; of North-
umberland, England, xvii. 566; of
Staffordshire, England, xxil. 442; of
France, IX. 522; of Germany, X. 453;
of India, III. 371 ; of Ireland, II. 142;
XIII. 217; of Labuan, Indian Archi-
pelago, XIV. 178; of Kew South Wales,
XVII. 409; of Prussia, XX. 15; of Queens-
land, XX. 173; of Russia, XXL 85; of
FifSshire, Scotland, ix. 150; of Lanark-
shire, Scotland, Xiv. 250; of Linlith-
gowshire, Scotland, XIV. 66g; of Silesia,
XXIL 53; of the United States, I. 680;
of Colorado, U.S.A., VL 161; of Ken-
tucky, U.S.A., XIV. 42 ; of Missouri,
U.S.A., XVL 525; of Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XVIIL 501; of West Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIV. 518.
Coal-Measures, in geology, X. 349.
COAL-MlNINC, VL 61; XXIIL 811. See
also article Jlining, xvi. 440.
Coal-Tar, xxiii. 57; aniline from, II.
47; as fuel in Iron-smelting, XUI. 293;
naphtha from, xvii. 174.
Coanza, river, Africa, VI. 81; I. 254.
COAPIM, kind of grain, XVI. 321!
Coast Surveys, xyii. 262.
Coatbridge, town, Scotland, vi. 81.
CoATi, or Coati-mundi, carnivorous
mammal, XV. 441.
Coat of Arms, xi. 683
Coat of Mail, ii. 556.
Coats, Captain, Arctic explorer, Xix.
318.
Cob, horse, xil. 190.
Cobalt, chemical element, vi. 81; v.
535; cyanide of, XX. 23; magnetization
of, XV. 256, 261; mines of, in Chili,
V. 622; ores of, XVI. 5S.
Blue, pigment, vi. 82; xix. 87.
Green, pigment, vi. 82; xix. 88.
COB.^LTITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
CobaLTSP.\th, mineral, xvi. 398.
Coban, town. Central America, Vi. 83.
Cobbett, William, English political
writer, VI. 83; his Weekly Register,
XVIL 419.
Coeden, Richard, English politician,
VL 85; viiL 366.
Cobequid Mountains, Nova Scotia,
XVIL 601.
COBHAM, Lord (Sir John Oldcastle),
Lollard martyr, XIV. 812; XVII. 753.
COBIJA, town, Bolivia, VL 89.
Cobitidina, genus of fishes, xiv. 741.
COBLENTZ, town, Prussia, VI. 89; XX.
21; bridge at, IV. 339.
Cob Nut, xvii. 664.
COBOURG, town, Ontario, Canada, xvii.
775-
Cobra, genus of snakes, VI. 90; XII. 743;
XXIi. 196.
Coburg, town, Germany, VI. 91; XXI.
347; duchy, XXL 347.
Coca, or Cuca, plant, vl 684; xviii.
673.
, river. South America, VI I. 646.
Cocaine, vegetable alkaloid, vi. 685.
COCAJO, Merlino (T. Folengo), Italian
poet, IX. 355.
CocCACE/E, class of Schizomycetes, XXL
405.
CocCAjo, Merlino (T. Folengo), Italian
poet, IX. 355.
CocCEius, Joannes, Dutch theologian,
VL 91.
Cocci, cells in Schizomycetes, XXI.
402.
Coccidiidea, tubclass of Protozoa, xix.
854.
CocciNlTE, mineral, XVL 384.
Coccolite, mineral, XVL 416.
CoccOTHRAUSTES, genus of birds, XL
533- I
COCCULUS INDICUS, adulterant for
leer, I. 172.
Coccus Cacti, cochineal insect, vi. 97.
Coccus Ceriferus, wax-bearing in-
sect, XXIV. 459.
Coccus Lacca, lac-yielding insect, xiv.
181.
Coccus Vermilio, kermes-yielding in
sect, XIV. 49.
Coccus Vitis, vine pest, xxiv. 238.
COCCVGOMORPHJe, group of birds. III.
715-
Coccyx, Anatomy of the, i. 821.
COCH, Johann (Cocceius), Dutch theo-
logian, VI. 91.
Cochabamba, town, Bolivia, vi. 91 ;
department, IV. 10.
Cochin, state, India, vi. 91; town, vi.
92.
• — - China, country, Asia, vi. 92; 11.
685.
Cochin-China Fowls, l 401; xix.
645.
Cochineal, dyestuff, vi. 97; vii. 574.
Insect, iv. 626; xiii. 153.
Cochlea, of the ear, i. 893.
Cochle.\rh, genus of plants, Xll. 207.
COCHR.^NE, Robert, favourite of James
III. of Scotland, xxi. 495
, Thomas, tenth eari of Dundonald,
vil. 539.
CoCKAMAROO. Russian bagatelle, ill.
230.
Cock and Hen Paddle, fish, xv. 65.
CocK.\TO0, bird, vi. 98; xviii. 322.
Cockatrice, fabulous animal, "vi. 98.
CocKBURN, Lord, Scottish judge, vi.
99.
, Mrs Alison, Scottish ballad-writer,
VI. 98.
, Sir George, British admiral, vi.
99.
Cockchafer, beetle, vl 131; as vine
pest, XXIV. 256; as wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
Cocker, Edward,English arithmetician,
VI. 99; IL 5:7.
CocKERELL, Charles Robert, English
architect, VL 99; his excavE^tions at
Bassee, XVIIL ^35.
COCKERILL, John, his machine works
at Seraing, Belgium, XXL 674.
Cockermouth, town, England, vi. 99.
CocKiNG's Parachute, i. 201.
Cockle, mollusc, vi. 100; xvi. 688.
COCK-OF-THE-WOOD, bird, V. 54.
Cockroach, insect, vi. 100; xiii. 152.
CocKsco.MB Mountains, British
Honduras, XII. 133.
COCLES, Horatius, Roman hero, VI.
100.
Cocoa, or Cacao, tree and fruit, vi. 100;
adulterations of, I. 170; culture of, in
Philippines, XVIIL 751; in Venezuela,
XXIV. 140.
Butter, vegetable fat, xvii. 744.
COCOA-NUT, VI. 103; XVIL 664.
CocoA-NuT Oil, xvii. 744.
Cocoa-NutPalm, VL 103; xviii. 190;
of Ceylon, v. 363.
Coco de Mer, tree and fruit, Seychelles
Islands, XVlll. 191; XXI. 726.
Cocoon, of bees, in. 492; of moths, iv.
594; of the silkworm, XXII. 58.
Cocos, genus of palms, xviii. 190.
Islands, Indian Ocean, xiv. 26;
XXIL 58^,
104
C O 0 — C O L
Cocx, or Coques, Gonzalez, Flemish
painter, VI. 368.
CoCYTUS, river, Greece, VI. 103.
— — , legendary river, VI. loj; XXII.
614.
Cod, fish, VI. 103; XII. 691; organs of
touch in the, XXIII. 478; fishery, off
Newfoundland, xvii. 384; North Sea
fishery, IX.' 25,5.
Code, body of laws, vi. 104.
CODEIA, alksJoid in opium, XVII.793.
Code NAPoLioN, ix. 614; xvii. 205.
Codes, of Roman law, xx. 710.
Codex, writing tablets, xviir. 143;
ancient manuscript, xvill. 144.
Alexandrinus, MS. of the Scrip-
tirres, L 496.
Aureus, MS. of the Gospels, xxill.
553-
Bez?e, MS. of Gospels and the
Acta, I. 123; III. 646; in university
library, Cambridge, IV. 730.
Ephraemi, MS. of New Testa-
ment, III. 646.
Juris Ecclesiastici Anglicani,
of Bishop Gibson, X. 586.
- — - OF Justinian, xni. 794; xx. 712.
Sinaiticus, MS. of the Scriptures;
III. 646; XIV. 533; XXIII. 409.
• V.\TICANUS, MS. of New Testa-
ment, III. 646.
CODICANAL (Kodaikanal), town, India,
XV. 192.
Codicil, to a will, xxiv. 571.
Codification, of law, vi. 106.
CODILLA, of flax, IX. 298.
CoD-LiVER Oil, vi. 104; xvii. 744.
CODOGNO, town, Italy, VI. 107.
CodomannUs (Darius III.), king of
Persia, VI. 826; XVIII. 581.
Codrington, Sir Edward, British
admiral, VI. 107.
Codrus, king of Athens, vi. 107; 11.
476.
Coefficient, m algeora, i. 519.
Coefficients, Laplace's, xiv. 303.
COEHDRN, Menno, Baron van, Dutch
military engineer, vi. 107; on forti-
fication, IX. 441, 462.
CcELA, Pass of, Thessaly, Greece, XXIII.
299.
CcELEBs IN Search of a Wife, by
Hannah More, XVi. 814.
Ccelentera, or Ccclenterata, group of
animals, vi. 107, 369; I. 129; XII.
547; XVIII. 259; embryology of, XX.
419; histology of, XII. 7; reproduction
of, XX. 408; skeletal structures of,
XXII. 106; in Lankester's classifica-
tion, XXIV. 812.
CCelestine, mineral, xxil. 607.
CcELESTiNUS I., pope, V. 291; XIX. 491.
See Celestine.
Ccelestius, Pelagian teacher. III. 77;
XVIIL 471.
Ccelesyria, Roman province, Asia
Minor, Xiv. 393; XXII. 822; xxui.654.
COELHO, Estevan, Portuguese poet,
XIX. 555.
CCELIAN Hill, Rome, xx. 82S.
CCELIUS AURELIANUS, Roman medical
writer. III. 86; XV. 804.
■ COELLO, Alonso Sanchez, Spanish
painter, VI. 108.
ecEL0C0RMiD.E. famOy of Tunicata,
XXIII. 617.
COEN, Jan Pieterszoon, founder of
Batavia, Java, vi. 108; Xll. 820.
.CcENiNA, ancient town, Italy, XIV.
344-
CCENOBIA, monastic communities, I. 10,
11; VI. 109; XVI. 700.
Coenred. Northumbrian king, XVII.
570.
CcENURUS Cerebralis, animal para-
site, XXIV. 206.
Cceruleolactin, mineral, xvi. 405.
Ccesyra, wife of Pisistratus, XIX. 131.
Coetlogon, Denis de, his Universal
History of Arts and Sciences, Viil. 197.
CcEUR, Jacques, early French trader and
economist, VL 109; v. 411.
-- — de Lion, Richard I. of England,
XX. 539.
Coffee, vi. 110; adulterations of, I.
169; use of chicory in, v. 615; culti-
vation of, in Arabia, II. 237 ; in Brazil,
IV. 227; in Cuba, VI. 681 ; in Celebes, v.
289; in Ceylon, v. 369; in India, XII.
750; in Java, XIII. 603; in the Philip-
pines, XVIII. 751; in Sumatra, XXII.
639; in Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
— ^ Houses, origination of, vi. no
Rat, in Sumatra, XXII. 639.
Coffer-Dams, in engineering, VL 114;
IV. 325.
Coffin, ix. 824; of clay, Xiv. 605; of
■wicker work, V. 33a
Coggia's Co.met, II. 815.
Cogidubnus, British king, .Kxn. 725.
COGITO ERGO Sum, Descartes's proposi-
tion, V. 142.
Cognac, town, France, vi. n6.
, brandy, IV. 216.
COGNI, Konia, or Koniveh. town, Asiatic
Turkey, XII. 696.
COGNITION, XX. 40; in relation to logic,
XIV. 797; Fichte's theory pf, ix. 137;
Hume's, XII. 353; Kant on, xiii. 851.
Cognizance, or Badge, in heraldry, xi.
709.
COHELETH, Book of Ecclesiastes, Vll.
624.
Cohen, Francis (Sir Francis Palgrave),
English historian, XViii. 182
Cohesion, in capillary action, v. 56.
COHN, F., his researches on protoplasm,
XIX. 829; on Schizomycetes, XXI. 399.
Cohoe's, tovra, New York. U.S.A., vi.
116.
Coignet, Michael, Flemish cartogra-
pher, XVII. 253.
CoiMBATORE, district, India, VI. 116.
CoiMBRA, town, Portugal, VI. 117; XIX.
537; observatory at, xvil. 713; uni-
versity, xxin. 839, 851.
Coin, town, Spain, vi. 117.
Coinage, xvl 723; xvn. 628; counter-
feit, I. 176; of gold and silver, iv. 518;
depreciation of, xvi. 726; relations to
units of weight, XXI v. 482; British,
XVI. 480; French, ix. 525; ancient
Lydian, XV. 100; in Tibet, xiv. 498.
, Decimal, vii. 20.
Coining, xvi. 480; Boultons apparatus
for, IV. 173.
Coins, xvn. 628; Etruscan, vin. 641;
Greek and Roman bronze, IV. 367;
Tibetan, xiv. 498.
Coir, fibre, vi. 103.
CoiRE, town, Switzerland, vi. 117;
XXIL 778.
Coiter, Volcher, on birds, xviii. 4.
Coix Lachryma, species of grasses,
XIII. 703.
CojUTEPEC, town, San Salvador, VI. 118.
Coke, fuel, vi. 46, 118; use of, for
smoke abatement, XXII. 182.
, Sir Edward, English lawyer; VI.
119; rival of Bacon, 11 L 202.
, Thomas, American Methodist, xvi.
192.
CoKUM Butter, vegetable fat, xvn.
744. 746.
COLAC, lake, Victoria, Australia, xxrv.
216.
CoiuEUS, Samian navigator, xxi. 249.
Cola Nut, xvii. 664.
COLAPTES, genus of birds, xxiv. 652.
CoLAR, district, India, XIV. 136.
COLAXAIS, Scj-thian hero, XXI. 576.
COLAY, lake, Ecuador, VII. 646.
Colbath, Jeremiah J. (Henry Wilson^
vice-president of United States, XXIV.
590.
COLBERG, town, Prussia, VI. 121.
Colbert, Jean Baptiste, French states-
man, VL 121; IX. 574; his economic
policy, XIX. 356.
Colchagua, province. Chili, v. 617.
Colchester, to-n-n, England, vi. 123;
house of Austin Canons at, I. 19.
, Lord, English statesman, VI. 124.
Colchicine, vegetable alkaloid, vi.
125.
COLCHICUM, plant, VI. 124.
Colchis, ancient country, Caucasus, VI.
I25; XVI, 437; coins of, xvn. 645.
Cold, Death from, XV. 781.
■, catarrh, v. 218.
Blast Furnace, xiil 317.
Coldstream, town, Scotland, vi. 125.
Cold-Water Cure, hydropathy, xii.
542.
Cold Waves, of air, in United States,
xxiiL 805.
Cole, W., English physician, xv. 811.
COLEBROOKE, Henry Thoinaa, EngUah
Orientalist, VL 125; I. 517-
COLEMAN, Edward, Enslish veterigMy
teacher, xxiv. 199.
C O L — C 0 L
105
COLENSO, J. W., bisliop of Natal, xvii.
242; on the Pentateuch, XVIII. 512,
ColEOPTERA, order of insects, VI. 126,
Xin. 148; mimicry in, XVI. 343.
OOLERAINE, town, Ireland, VI. 134.
CfeLERIDGE, Hartley, English ivTiter,
vj. 135.
, Sir John Taylor, English lawyer
anfl critic, VI. 135.
, Samuel Taylor, English poet, VI.
135; as dramatist, VII. 43S; as jour-
nalist, XVII.- 417; his sonnets, XXII.
262 J his place in English literature,
VI n. 433; his relations with Southey,
XXII. 290; with Wordsworth, xxiv.
669.
, Sara, English writer, vi. 138 ;
translator, vii. 308.
COLEROON, branch from the Kaveri,
India, xiv. 19; xxiii. 47.
CotERUS, Johannes, biographer of
Spinoza, xxii. 402.
COLESHILL, town, England, xxiv. 379.
COLET, John, dean of St Paul's, London,
VI. 139; VIII. 414.
— »— , Louise Revoil, French poetess and
novelist, VI. 139.
CoLEUS, Btove plant, xil. 266.
Colfax, Schuyler, vice-president of
United States, XXIII. 788.
Colic, disease, VI. 140.
Coi-ICNI, or Coligny,Gaspardde, admiral
of France, vi. 140; ix. 559.
(i)LlGNV, House of, IX. 559.
CbLlMA, town, Mexico, VI. 141; XVI. 214;
state, XVI. 214; mountain, xvi. 215.
CpLiN, bird, XX. 147.
, Alexander, Flemish sculptor, VI
141.
Glout, Skelton's song, XXII. 120.
Clout's come Home again,
Spenser's poem, XXII. 394.
COLIUS, genus of birds, XVII. 6.
Coll, Bernat des, Catalan chromcler,
XXII. 364.
COLLAERT, Hans, Flemish engraver, vi
141.
Collar-Bone, Anatomy of the, i. 826.
Collard, W. F., pianoforte maker, xix.
75-
Collas, Peruvian tribe, xviii. 676.
CoLLi, Charles, French dramatist, VI.
141.
Colle, Eafaelle del, Italian painter, VI.
142.
Collectarium, liturgical service book,
XIV. 710.
Collectivism, economic basis of social-
ism, XXII. 207.
College, vi. 142; xxiii. 834, 837.
CoLLicE DE France, xxiii. 85 i.
Colleges de Rhetoriqu"' in Dutch
literature, XII. 91.
Collegia, Eoman guilds, VL 432; xi.
260.
Collegiant Brotherhood, Dutch
religious sect, XXII. 400.
Collegium Curiosum, academy, in
Germany, I. 71.
COLLEMBOLA, group of insects, XIII.
153-
COLLENCHVMA, tissue in plants, Xll.
18.
COLLEONI, Bartolomeo, Statue 01, at
Venice, XXI. 56S; XXIV. 156, 176.
Collet, John, English caricaturist, v.
104.
Collett, J. Camilla, Norwegian novel-
ist, XVII. 592.
COLLETTA, ^ Pietro, Italian historian,
XIII. 514.
COLLIBERTS, or Cagots, race of people,
France, IV. 641.
COLLIE, dog, VII. 320.
Collier, Arthur, English metaphysi-
cian, VI. 143.
, Jeremy, Engiisn cuvme, VI. 145;
on the English stage, Vll. 436.
Collieries, in England and Wales,
VIII: 226; modes of working, vi. 64.
See Coal, Coalfields, and Coal-llining.
COLLIJIATOR, optical instrument, XVII.
800; in spectroscopy, Xi^ll. 373.
M.^GNET, XV. 238.
Colling, Messrs, breeders of shorthorn
catUe, I. 303.
Collingwooi), suburb of Melbourne,
Victoria, XV. 836.
, Lord, English admiral, VI. 145.
Collins, Anthony, English philosopher,
VI. 146; XXIV. 644; his Discourse of
Freethinking, VII. 35.
, Mortimer. English poet and novel-
ist, VI. 147.
, Samuel, English anatomist, i. 813.
, William, English painter, VI. 148.
, William, English poet, VI. 148.
COLLINSON, Captain, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 321.
Collision, at sea, xxi. 601.
COLLOCALIA, genus of birds, XXII. 760.
Collodion, its composition and uses,
VI. 149.
Process, in photography, xviii.
824.
COLLOQUE, French presbytery, xix. 693.
COLLOQUIA, of Erasmus, VIII. 512.
Mensalia, of Luther, i. 785.
COLLOREDO, Lazarus Johannes Baptista,
parasite-bearing monster, XVI. 766.
COLLOT D' Herlois, Jean Marie, French
Revolutionist, VI. J49.
Colman, George, the Elder, English
dramatist, Vi. 149; vii. 43S.
, George, the Younger, English
dramatist, VI. 150.
CoLM.\R, town, German Alsace, VI. 150.
COLMATA, or Warping, method of re-
claiming land, I. 406; XIII. 367.
CoLN (Cologne, q.v.), town, Germany,
VI. 151.
COLNE, river, Herts, England, xi. 771;
XVI. C79; XXIII. 220.
, river, Esse.ic, England, Vili, 552.
CoLNE, town, England, vi. 150.
COLOBOMA OF THE iRis, eye disease,
XVII. 7S2.
COLOBUS, genus of apes, II. 151.
COLOCYNTH, plant and drug, VI. 150.
COLOGNA, town, Italy, vi. 151.
Cologne, town, Rhenish Prussia, VI.
151; XX. 16, 21; architecture of
churches, II. 431; sculptures in cathe-
dral, XXI. 565 ; university of, xxill.
840, 848 ; Wallraf-Richartz museum,
XXI. 445; congress of Old Catholics
at (1872), XVII. 755.
Colombia, United States of, South
America, VI. 152; I. 712; XXIV. 141;
under Bolivar, IV. 9; Indian tribes,
xn. 828; mines, XVL 471; railways,
XX. 252.
Colombini, Giovanni, Italian writer,
XIII. 505.
Colombo, town, Ceylon, vi. 157.
Colon, territory, Venezuela, XXIV. n<x
(Aspinwall), to^vn, Panama. II. 7I-6'
XVIII. 209.
Colonel Jack, Defoe's work, vil 29.
Coloneus, CEdipus, Sophocles's drama.
XXII. 272.
Colonia, town, Uruguay, XXIV, 15.
Colonial Government, xi. 20.
Colonies, vi. 158; growth of and com-
merce with, VI. 202 ; their legal rela-
tions to aboriginal tribes, XIII. 196;
British, in America, their relations to
the crown, XXIII. 730, 736; Roman,
XX. 745.
Colonization, Wakefitli's theories of,
XXIV. 319.
Colonna, Giacomo, bislop of Lombez,
France, XVIII. 707.
, Giovanni Paolo, Italian composer,
VL 157.
, Otto di (Pope Martin V.), XV. 582..
, Sciarra, medieval Roman senator,
XX. 798.
, Vittoria, Neapolitan princess and
poetess, VI. 157; friend .^f -Michel-
angelo, XVI. 234.
Family, Rome, xx. 796, 804, 3o6.
COLONNE, Guido delle, Italian writer,
XIII. 499; XX. 639.
COLONUS, Roman cultivator, XXII. 135.
COLONY, VI. 1 58. See Colonies.
COLOPHON, ancient town, Asia Minor,
VL 161.
— — , in bibliography, VI. 161.
Colophonite, mineral, XVL 411,
COLOPHONIUS, Nicauder, Greek poet,
XVII. 476.
Colophony, rosm, vi. 161 ; xx. 852;
XXIV. 242.
Coloquintida (Colocynth), plant, VI.
150.
Colorado, State, U.S.A., vi. 161 ;
population, XXIII. 802; mines of, XVL
470; XXIII. 815.
Beetle, vi. 134, 163.
Coloradoite, mineral, xvi. 394.
XXV. — 14
10b'
C O L — C O M
Colorado Mountains U.S.A., xxiii.
796.
CoLOR.\DO River, U.S.A., vi. 163;
XVII. 367; xviii. 116; xxiii. 203;
canons of, xxill. 799.
COLOSS^ ancient town, Asia Minor, VI.
164.
Colosseum, amphitheatre at Rome, I.
774; II. 419 ; dedication of, XXIII. 420.
COLOSSIANS, Epistle to the, vi. 164; Its
relation to the Epistle to Ephesians,
VIII. 463.
Colossus, statue at Rhodes, VI. 166; II.
365; XX. 526.
COLOT, Laurence, French surgeon, XXII.
676.
Colour, Sensations of, VIII. 823; iaeas
of the ancients about, XIV. 577; its
application to architecture, II. 454; in
crystals, XVI. 372; of metals, XVI. 6S;
nninial mimicry of, XVi. 343; plioto-
giaphy of, XVIII. 834; Goclhe's
investigations on, X. 734; Newton's,
XVII. 440; Schopenhauer's, XXI. 450.
I ■ , Acoustic, timhre, I. 118.
Blindness, viii. 824; xiv. 579;
affected by magnetism, XV. 2S2; Dal-
ton's exposition of, VI. 784.
CoRRECTlO.v, of object glasses,
XXIIL 141.
Coloured R.\ce, in United States,
XXIII. 821.
Colour Printing, xxin. 708.
Colours, used by artists, xviii. 13S;
XIX. 85; in dyeing, VII. 574; steam,
in calico printing, IV. 690; vegetable,
XIX. 52.
Colston, Edward, English merchant,
VI. 166.
Colston's Hospital, Bristol, England,
V. 446.
Colt, Samuel, inventor of the revolver,
VI. 166.
COLTA, lake, Ecuador, VII. 646.
ColUDER, genus of snakes, XXII. 194.
COLUCCIO Salutati, Italian scholar,
XX. S02.
Columba, Celtic saint, VI. 167; xiii.
204, 249; his mission in Scotland, XXI.
474 ; monastic rule of, x\ " 706.
COLUMBvE, group of bLrUb, Vil. 379;
XVIII. 46.
COLUMBANUS, Irish monk, VI. 167;
monastic rule of, xvi. 707.
COLUMBELLA (Dyveke), mistress of
Christian II. of Denmark, VII. 587.
Columbia, town. South Carolina,
U.S.A., VI. 168; XXII. 288.
, British, North America, VI. 169.
, District of, U.S.A., VL 168; XXIV.
382; population, xxiIL 802.
College, New York, U.S.A.,
xviL 456, 461;, XXIII. 857.
River, U.S.A., xvii. 822; xviii.
116; XXIIL 798; x.xiv. 3S6.
Columbine, of the pantomime, xviii.
216
Columbite, mineral, xvi. 427.
COLUMBO, JIatthieu E., on the vas-
cular system, I. S09; XXIY. 95.
Columbus, town, Georgia, U.S.A., vi.
171
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., VI. 170; xvii.
737-
, Christopher, discovarer of America,
VI. 171; L 707; IX. 82; X. 180; XIH.
375-
, Johan, Swedish poet, XXII. 755.
, M. R., Italian anatomist. I. 809;
XXIV. 95.
, Samuel, Swedish poet, XXII. 755.
COLUMCILLE, or Columba (j.f.), Celtic
saint, VL 167; XIII. 249.
COLUMELL.A, Lucius Junius Moderatus,
Roman writer on agriculture, VL 176;
XIX. 350.
Column, in architecture, 11. 462; Cary-
atic, II. 407; Corinthian, II. 407; Doric,
II. 403; Egyptian, II. 391^ Persian, II.
400; Roman, XX. 831 ; Roman Corin-
thian, II. 416; Roman Doric, II. 41S;
Roman Ionic, II. 417.
, strength of, X.XII. 606.
COLVILL, Surgeon-Major, his observa-
tions on the plague, XIX. 159.
COLVILLE Reservation, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
C0LYMBiDy€, family of bii-ds, VII. 292;
XV. 2.
Colza, plant, i. 383; VI. 176.
Oil, VI. 176; XVII. 744; xx.
273-
Comacchio, town, Italy, vi. 177 ;
eel beds of. VII. 693; lagoons of, XIX.
251.
Coman, Turkish tribe, XXIII. 660.
Comana, ancient town, Pontus, Asia
Minor, vi. 177; xix. 459.
(Chryse), ancient town, Cappadocia,
Asia Minor, VI. 177; temple of Bellona
at, V. 75.
CoMANCHES, North-American Indians,
VI. 177.
CoM.w.AGUA, town, Honduras, xn. 131;
department,vi. 177.
Comb, vl 177'; manufacture of, al
Aberdeen, I. 42.
, of bees. III. 489.
CoMBACONUM, town, India, vi. 178;
XXIII. 47.
Combat, Judicial, vil 511; xvii. 82a
COMB.^TIVENESS, in phrenology, XVIII.
844.
Co.MBE, Abram, disciple of Robert
Owen, XVIII. 88.
, Andrew, Scottish physiologist, VI.
179-
, George, Scottish physiologist, VI.
179; XVIII. 844.
— — , William, English ^vriter, VI. 1 8a
COMBERMERE, Viscount, English gene-
ral, VL 181.
COMBINATIONS,, among workmen, vi,
iSi: xxill. 499.
Combo, British colony. West Africa, x
59-
Combustion-Heat, of oil, as compared
with coal, XVIII. 239.
COMEDIE HUMAINE, Balzac's, in. 304.
Comedones, skin disease, xxii. 121.
Comedy, vil 395; Greek, 11. 508.
of Errors, Shakespeare's play,
XXI. 763.
Comenius, or Komensky, Johann Amos,
Moravian educationist, VI. 182; VII.
673; XXII. 152.
Comet, The, H.- Bell's steamboat, IIL
542.
Comets, vi. 182; 11. 813; in relation to
meteors, XVI. no; excluded from
nebular theory, XVii. 310; spectra of,
XXII. 651 ; Ixepler's observations on,
xrv. 47; Leverrier's, XIV. 486; Olbers's,
XVII. 752.
Comfits, confections, vi. 257.
COMFREV, Prickly, forage plant, I.
378.
Comical Revenge, Etheridge'e comedy,
VIIL 573.
Comic 0per.\, xvu. 99.
Comillah, town, India, XXIII. 405.
Comines, town, France, VI. 194.
, Philippe de, French historian, VI.
194; IX. 648.
Coming Race, The, Lytton's tale, xv.
123.
Comino, island, Mediterranean Sea, XV.
339-
COMINOTTO, islet, Mediterranean Sea,
XV. 339.
Co.misene, Parthian kingdom, xvin.
592-
Comitan, or Comitlan, town, Mexico,
VI.' 194.
CojnTiA Centuriata, of ancient Rome,
VI. 195; XX. 679, 735.
Co.MiTiA Curiata. of ancieht Rome, VI.
194; XX. 733.
Comitia Tributa, of ancient Rome, VI.
195; XX. 679, 737, 771.
COMITIUM, at Rome, XX. 816.
Comitl.^n, town, Mexico, VI. 194.
CoMMAGEN£, Syria, Coins of, xvil. 649.
Command, distinguished from law, XIV.
355-
Commander, Naval, duUes of, xvii.
292.
Commander-in-Chief, of Britisli
army, II. 572.
Commandments, The Ten, vn. 15.
Coi.imedia dell' Arte, improvised
comedy, in Italy, VII. 418.
C0MMEM0R.4TI0N OF SaINTS, XXI. 1 55.
Commendams, Bacon versus Coke on,
III. 206.
Commensalism, Parasitic, xvin. 261;
II. 67.
Commerce, VL 196; beginnings of, viii.
617; economic extension of, XIX. 354;
puropean, VIII. 706 ; commercial
societies. XXII. 227.
C O JI — C O N
107
Commercial Agents, in the United
States, VI. 317.
COMMERCV, town, France, vi. 207.
Commission, Calculation of, n. 536.
Committee of Public Safety, in
France, IX. 605.
Committees, Parliamentary, xviii. 312.
COMMIUS, British king, XXII. 725.
Commodore, naval officer, xvii. 292.
CoMMODUS, Lucius Aurelius, Konian
emperor, VI. 207.
Common, Eights of, in law, vi. 209.
, A. A., his observatory at Ealing,
London, XVII. 711; his reflecting
telescope, XXIII. 152.
Law, VI. 208.
Life, or Common Lot, Brethren of
the, medieval religious society, VII.
672; IX. 725; XVII. 134.
Pleas, Court of, England, VI. 208;
Eecords of, XX. 312.
— — Prayer, Book of, Church of Eng-
land, VIII. 379; XIV. 710; revision of,
VI. 328.
Commons, waste lands, vi. 208.
• , estate of the realm, British. VIII.
557-
c , House of, XVIll. 304, 307, 311.
Common Sense, Hamilton's theory of,
XL 418; Reid's philosophy of, XX. 350.
Commonwealth, Tlie English, under
Cromwell, VI. 602; VIII. 348; parlia-
ment in time of, XVIII. 307.
Commune, administrative division, in
France, VI. 211; IX. 509; xviL 28; in
Italy, XIII. 464, 471; Polish, xix. 311;
Koman, XX. 783; Eussian, XXL 83.
OF Paris (1792), ix. 603; (1872),
IX. 627.
Communion, or Holy Communion, Vlll.
651; XXL 131, 139; order for admin-
istration of, XIV. 706; given to the
dying (Viaticum), XXIV. 208; Luther's
doctrine of, XV. 81; St Paul's, XVin.
428; Zwingli's, XXIV. 833.
Office, Eoman, xvi. 509; Angli-
can, viii. 379. See also article Liturgy.
Communism, vl 211 ; xxii. 207;
applied to land, XIV. 265; exemplified
in Oneida Community, U.S.A., XVii.
773 ; Fourier's sj-stem, IX. 489 ;
Owen's promotion of, XVlll. 87. <
Commutation Tables, ii. 81.
Commutator, Electric, xiv. 630.
Comnena, Anna, princess and author-
ess, II. 59.
Comneni, dynasty, Byzantine empire,
XI. 117.
Comnenus, Alexius, Byzantine emperor,
I. 501; XL 117; his relations with the
crusaders, VI. 625.
, Alexius, emperor of Trehizond,
XXIII. 533.
, Andronicus I., Byzantine emperor,
II. 22.
, Isaac I., Byzaotiae emperor, XHT.
374-
Comnenus, .Tolai II., Byzantine em-
peror, XIII. 713.
, Manuel I., Byzantine eniperor,
XV. 505.
COMO, town, Italy, VL 219.
, Lake of, Italy, vi. 220; XIV. 217.
Comonfort, Ignacio, Mexican soldier
and politician, VI. 220.
Comores, or Comoro Islands, East
Africa, VI. 220.
CoMORN, or Komom, town, Hungary,
XIV. 138.
COMORO Islands, East Africa, vi. 220.
Compagnacci, Florentine faction, xxi.
337-
CoMPAGNi, Dino, Italian writer, xili.
505.
COMPAGNIA DELLA MoRTE, in Naples,
XX. 847.
Companies, Eegistration of, xx. 344.
, Livery, of London, vi. 223 ; xiv.
819.
Company, corporate association, vi. 221,
434; XVIII. 330.
of Jesus, xiil 645.
Comparative Anatomy, vl 225;
XXIV. 800; advance of, 1.813; investi-
gators in, I. 818.
Comparative Grammar, xl 38 ;
Bopp's work on, IV. 49.
Comparative Philology, of Aryan
languages, XVlil. 781.
Compass, Azimuth, xvi. 160.
, Mariner's, VL 225; xv. 219, 518;
discovery of, X. 179; as. known to
early navigators, xvil. 250; deviation
or variation of, X. 187; XV. 250;
XVI. 163; XVII. 274.
, Surveying, xxii. 718.
Compasses, mathematical inotrument,
XXII. 721.
Compensation Balance, for watches,
XXIV. 39$.
Competition Values, in economics,
XXIV. 48.
Competitive Examinations, vin.
781.
COMPlfeoNE, town, France, vi. 228 ;
XVIL 749.
Compitalia, Eoman festival, xiv. 313.
COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, early Scot-
tish work, XXI. 541.
CoMPLEAT Angler, Walton's work,
XXIV. 342.
Complex, system of lines, in geometry,
XXII. 670.
Complexity, in psychology, XX. 56.
Complex Variable, xxiv. 69.
Compline, canonical hour, iv. 263.
Complutensian Polyglott, I. 458.
XIII. 694; XIX. 417.
Composing, in printing, xxiiL 700;
machines for, XXIIL 700.
Compostella (Santiago), town, Spain,
VI. 229; pilgrimages to, XIX. 94.
Compound Rules, in arithmetic, 11.
Compress, Hydropatliic, xii. 544.
Compressed Air, Force of, viii. 209.
Compressed Fuel, ix. 80S.
Compressibility, of materials, viC
S15; XXII. 595, 601.
Compression, in steam-engine, xxiL
486, 487; in air and gas engines, xxiu
523-
Compsa, Samnite tovra, Italy, xxi. 249.
ComptON, Henry, bishop of London, VI.
229.
, Spencer, earl of Northampton,"
XVII. 558.
Compurgation, ancient mode of trial,
XIIL 785.
Computation, Arithmetical, II. 526.
Comstock Mines, Nevada, U.S.A., xvi.'
441,470; XVII, 368; XXIII. 815.
Comte, Auguste, French philosopher,'
VI. 229; IX. 674; his ethical system,
VIII. 609 ; on evolution, VIII. 763 ;
his metaphysic, XVI. loi; on philo-
sophy, XVIII. 794; on sociology and
political economy, XIX. 390; the Three
Ages of his scheme, I. 279; Littri's
relations to, xiv. 706.
COMUM (Como), ancient town, Italy, VI.
220.
CoMUS, in Greek mythology, VI. 238.
, Milton's poem, XVI. 326.
, French conjurer, XV. 210.
Comyn, John, the Red, slain by Bruce,
XX. 593; XXI. 488.
Con, George, papal agent in. England,
XL 655.
C0NAT10.N, Psychology of, XX. 40, 42,
72.
CONCA, Sebastiano, Italian painter, vi.
CONCAN, district, India, VI. 238.
Concealment OF Birth, in law, XIIL 4.
CONCENTRATIVENESS, in phrenology,
XVIII. 844.
CONCEPCION, to^vn, Chili, VL 239; pro-
vince, V. 617.
, town, Paraguay, XVUI. 244.
CONCEPTION, In physiology, XX. 40;^.
, in psychology, XX. 57, 76.
, Feast of the, XIL 715; xv. 592.
Bay, Newfoundland, xvii. 383.
CONCEPTUALISM, in scholastic philo-
sophy, I. 35; XXL 424.
QONCHIFERA, class of Mollusca, XVI.
684.
Concilium Plebis, of Rome, xx. 678.
CONCINI, Concino, French courtier, IX.
566.
Conclave, meeting for election of a
pope, VI. 239.
Conclusion, in logic, xiv. 788.
Conclusions, The LoUard,.xiv. 811.
Concord, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
VL 240; battle of (1775), XXIII. 740.
, town. New Hampshire, U.S.A., VI.
240; XVIL 392.
, Temple of, at Rome, II. 417; XX.
bzo.
108
C O N — C O N
Concordance, verbal index, vi. 240;
o£ the Bible, by Calasio, IV. 653; by
Cruden, VI. 621.
Concordat, papal agreement, vi. 241;
XXIII. 531; Austrian, abolished, III.
141; "with Napoleon, XVII. 205; of
Worms (1122), XIX. 500.
CONCORDl.'i, Roman goddess, vi. 243.
, Lombard league, Xlll. 473.
, town, Italy, vi. 243.
, town, Kamaqualand, Africa, XVII.
16S.
Concords, Musical, xvii. 82.
Concrete, substitute for stone, VI. 243;
in building, IV. 453, 456; Roman, XX.
808.
Concubinage, vi. 243; xv. 569.
Cond, Irish king, XIII. 245.
Condamine, Charles Marie de la,
French geographer and mathematician,
XIV. 193; his South-American ex-
plorations, X. 1S9; measuring arc of
meridian, VII. 598.
CONDATE (Libourne), ancient town,
France, XIV. 509.
(Rennes), .ancient town, France,
XX. 401
Conde, town, France, VI. 244.
— — , Princes of, France, VI. 244.
, Louis, Prince of (Conde the Great),
VI..245; IX. 571; his relations with
Turenne, xxni. 626
, Louis de Bourbon, Prince of, VI.
245.
, Louis Henry Joseph, duke of
Bourbon, VI. 248.
Conde, Jose Antonio, Spanish Orien-
talist, VI. 24S.
Condens.^TION, of gaseous bodies, VI.
311; VII. 217; Vlll. 727; of steam,
XXII. 487.
Condensed Milk, xvi. 304.
Condenser, in distillation, vii. 261.
, Electric, VIII. 34.
, Steam-engine, xxil. 513, 518.
Conder, Josiah, English wTiter, VI. 249.
Condescendence, in Scots law, xix.
220.
CONDi-suR-NoiRE.\u, town, France,
VI. 244.
Condiction, in Roman law, xx. 6S3.
Condillac, fitienne Bonnot de, French
philosopher, VI. 249; ix. 669; on the
association of ideas, II. 732; his logic,
XIV. 794 r on logical analysis, I. 797.
CONDmoNED, Hamilton's philosophy
of the, XI. 418.
CONDIVICENUM (Nantes), ancient town,
France, XVII. 173.
CONDOLMiERi, Gabriel (Pope Eugenius
IV.), VIII. 663.
Condom, toT\-n, France, vi. 255
Condor, bird, vi. 253; xxiv. 302; in
Chili, V. 623.
CONDORCET, Marquis de, French philo-
sopher and politician, vi. 254; IX. 607.
CONDORE, India, Battle of, VI. 11.
CONDOTTIERI, Italian mercenary treops,
VI. 256; XIII. 477.
CONDUCTION, Electric, VIII. 4, 41, 106.
, Electrolytic, VH. 219; VIII. 106.
OF He.'vt, XI. 577; XX. 212.
Conductivity, Electric, viii. 52.
, Thermal, XI. 57S, 586.
Boxes, Electric, viii. 45.
Conductor, Lightning, xiv. 633.
Conduit, in water-works, xxiv. 408.
Condurrite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Condylopod.a, or Arthropoda, 11. 271,
647
Cone, m geometry, VI. 282; X. 417;
XXII. 668; mensuration of, XVI. 25.
, On the Section of the, Serenus's
work, XXI. 675.
Conecte, Thomas, French monk and
preacher, vi. 256.
Conegli,\no, town, Italy, vi. 256.
Conen de Prepean. French steno-
grapher, XXI. 841.
Conep.\tl, skunk of Central Amerifia,
XXII. 126.
Coney, islet, Sligo, Ireland, xxii. 159.
■ — — Island, ■v-iUage, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., XIV. 866.
Confarre.atio, form of Roman mar-
riage, VI. 256; XX. 671.
Confectionery, vi. 256.
Confederate States, of America;
XXIII. 773.
Confederation, German, in. 135; x.
505.
. OF THE Rhine, hi. 133; viii. 363;
XVII. 210; its dissolution, xviL 220.
Confederations, Political, ix. 62.
Conference, in diplomacy, vi. 269.
CONFESSIO, in early Christian archi-
tecture, VI. 667; XX. 834.
Confession, of sin, vi. 257; its place
in the Eastern, Latin, and Lutheran
Churches, XVIII. 4S7.
Confessional, vi. 258.
Confession of Faith, Westminster,
VI. 558; XXI. 503.
Confessions, Rousseau's, XXI. 16.
of an English Opium-Eater,
De Quincey's work, vil. 102.
OF Faith, or Creeds, vi. 558.
Confessor, vl 258.
C0NFIRK.1TION, ecclesiastical rite, vi.
258
Conflagrations, ix. 233.
CONFLANS, France, Treaty of (1465), IX.
552.
Confucius, Chinese sage, vi. 25S; his
doctrines, v. 662, 671; XX. 363; his
relation to Mencius, XVI. 3; temple of,
at Shanghai, II. 448.
Conge d'Elire, mandate for electioa
of a bishop, VI. 265.
Conger-Eel, fish, vii. 693.
Congleton, town, England, vi. 265.
, Lord,- chancellor of Irish ex-
chequer, v:. 265. .
Conglomerate, rock, x. 237.
Congo, country. West Africa, vi. 266.
,x3r Zaire, river, Africa, XXI v. 763;
I. 254; exploration of, X. 192.
Free State, Centrd Africa, xxil.
144; xxiv. 765.
Languages, group of Bantu dia-
lects, XXIV. 82S.
Congou Tea, xxiii. 99.
CONGREG.iTIO DE PR0P.\G.\NDA FiDE,|
XVI. 514.
Congregation, Christian, early organi-
zation of, XIX. 675.
, Lords of the, Scotland, XXI. 501.
:, University, XXIII. 835.
OF THE OR-ATORY, Rome, XVII.
347-
Congregationalists, religious de-
nomination, VI. 268 ; XII. 722;
American, in relation to Unitarianism,
XXIII. 7-26.
Congreg.ations, administrative bur-
eaus of Roman Catholic Church, xx.
629.
Congress, in diplomacy, vi. 269; of
Miinster or Westphalia (1643-1648),
III. 26S ; of Vienna (1815), in. 135,
270.
, of the United Statea, its constitu-
tion, XXIII. 749 ; fii'st meeting of,
XVIII. 741.
, American Continental, xxiii. 737,
740. 743-
CONGREVE, Sir WOliam, inventor of
the rocket, VI. 272.
— , William, English dramatist, VI.
271; VII. 436; VIII. 424.
Congruence, in geometry, x.\ii. 670. '
CONI, town, Italy, VI. 272.
Conic Sections, or Conies, vi. 273; x.
395; projection of, XIX. 79S.
CONIDIA, reproductive organs in plants,
IX. 829; XX. 424.
CONIFER.€, order of trees, II. 315, 321;
IX. 222; XIX. 102; XXIV. 131.
Conine, vegetable alkaloid, xi.^647.
Conington, Jolin, English scholar, VI.
2S4.
CONiSBROlTGH Castle, Yorkshire,
England, xxiv. 749.
CONISTON Old Man, mountain, Eng-
land, XIV. 252.
CONIUM, genus of plants, XI. 646; XVII.
2 "12
Conjeveram, town, India, vi. 285.
Conjunctions, in grammar, XI. 41.
Conjunctivitis, eye disease, xvn. 780.
Conjuring, by tricks and Olusions, xiv.
414; XV. 207.
Connaught, province, Ireland, vi. 285;
area and population of, XIII. 215; first
mention of, XIII. 246.
Connecticut, State, U.S.A., vl 285;
■ XXIII. 74S; population, XXIIL 802;
original colony of, XXIII. 730, 73*1
Connellite, mineral, xvi. 385.
CONNEMARA, district, Ireland, VI. 289;
x. 55.
C O N — C O N
109
Connor, Bernard, English physiologist,
VI. 289.
CONNUBIUM, or Conubium, form of
Roman marriage, xv. 568; XX. 671.
Conoids, Archimedes on, 11. 380.
CONOLLY, John, English physician, VI.
289.
CONOMEDUSjE, order of Hydrozoa, XII.
559-
CONON, Athenian general, VI. 289; as
ally of the Persians, xviii. 577.
, (Leo III.), emperor of the East, XIV.
452.
of Samos, his record of eclipses, II.
748.
CONOTEUTHIS, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
671
Conquest, in Scots law, xiii. 77.
of Me.xico, History of the, hy
Prescott, XIX. 703.
OF Trebizond, romance, XX. 653.
CONQUETE DE CONSTANTINOPLE, Ville-
hardouin's, xxiv. 229.
Conrad I., king of Germany, x. 482.
II., emperor, X. 486; his influence
in Rome, XX. 790.
— — III., emperor, X. 489.
IV., emperor, X. 492.
of Montferrat, crusader, XX. '540;
XXIII. 161.
of Wiirzburg, German poet, X. 524.
CONRADIN, king of Sicily, VI. 289; XXII.
27.
CONRART, Valentin, first secretary of
the French Academy, vi. 290.
CONSALVi, Ercole, Italian cardinal and
statesman, vi. 290.
Consanguinity, or Kindred, VI. 291;
aystems of reckoning it, IX. 22 ; closeness
of, in relation to deaf-muteism, vii. 4.
CONSCIENCE, or Moral Sense, Butler's
doctrine of, iv. 587; Hutcheson's, XII.
409 ; Shaftesbury's, XXI. 733. See
also article Ethics.
, Hendrik, Flemish writer, XII. 98.
Conscientiousness, in phrenology,
xviii. 845.
Consciousness, in metaphysics, xvi.
92; states of, XX. 38; phjaiology of,
XIX. '20, 41 ; Christian, VII. 336;
Coiisins's theory of, vi. 525 ; Des-
cartes's, v. 142; Hamilton's, XI. 417;
Locke's, XIV. 758.
Conscription, Military, II. 565, 566;
its effect on emigration, VIII. 175.
Consecration,'vi. 291.
Conseil DE Prud'h9MMES, tribunal of
employei-3 and employed, xiv. 173; at
Paris, xviii. 286.
Consensus Sandomiriensis, church
congress (1570), XXI. 259.
Conservation of Energy, viii. 208;
XVIII. 553.
tONSEfVATiSM, as influenced by the
Renaissance, XX. 394.
Conservative Party, British, xxiv.
540.
Conservatoire des Arts et des
•Metiers, Paris, xviii. 281.
Conservatory, Garden, xii. 222.
, or Conservatoire, Musical, VI. 291 ;
XVII. 83.
Consideration, in legal contracts, VI.
322.
Consistoire, French Presbyterian
court, XIX. 693.
CONSISTORIAL CONGREGATION, of
Church of Rome, XX. 629.
CONSISTORIAUX, section of French
Presbyterians, XIX. 694.
Consistory, ecclesiastical council, vi.
292.
Court, Canterbury, II. 370.
Consiva, or Ops, Roman goddess, XXI.
321.
Consolation of Philosophy, Boetius's
work, III. 857.
Consolations against the Fear of
Death, Drelincoiirt's work, vil. 468.
Console, in architecture, 11. 462.
Consolid.\tion Acts, English, vi. 292.
Consols, British Government annuities,
VI. 293; XVII. 245.
Consonance, Musical, xvii. 105.
Consonants, Pronunciation of, xxil.
3S5.
Conspiracy, in law, vi. 293; in rela-
tion to trade unions, xxili. 500.
Constable, officer of the peace, VI.
294.
, Lord High, of England, XXII. 459;
XXI. 36.
, Archibald, Scottish publisher, VI.
295; VIII. 201.
, Henry, English poet, VI. 295.
, John, English painter, VI. 296.
Constabulary, police force, xix. 332;
in Ireland, XIII. 239.
Constance, town, Baden, Germany, vl
297 ; congress of Old Catholics at
(1873), XVII. 755; council of (1414-18X
X. 550; XII. 405; XIIL 712; XIX. 502;
XX. 320, 805; peace of (1183), XIII.
474-
, Lake of, Switzerland, VI. 297; XIV.
217; XX. 519; XXII. 776.
— of Aquitaine, wife of Robert X, of
France, IX. 536.
Constant de Rebecque, Henri Ben-
jamin, French philosopher and econo-
mist, VI. 297; IX. 673; XVIII. 223;
XXII. 799; on the philosophy of caste,
V. 187, 189.
Constantiana (Kustendje), ancient
town, Roumania, xiv. 162.
Constantina, town, Spain, xXL 708.
CONSTANTINE, town, Algeria, VI. 298.
'■ I., the Great, Roman emperor, vi.
298; XI. no; XX. 778; cross in the
sky, seen by, XI. '399.
V. (Copronymus), Byzantine em-
peror, XII. 713.
VI., Byzantine emperor, XIII. 274.
VII. (Porphyrogenitus). Byzantine
emperor, VI. 301; his encouragement
of literature, iv. 613; XI. 145.
Constantine XIII. (Palaeologus), By-
zantine emperor, XVIII. 166.
, emperor of Gaul, Spain, and
Britain, vi. 301.
I-Il., kings of Scotland, XXI. 478.
, missionary to the Slavs, XVI. 194.
, bishop of Harran, Syriao writer,
XXII. 841.
, BasQica of, at Rome, III. 414; XX.
826.
Brancovan, voivode of Walachia,
XXI. 17.
Pavlov ICH, Russian nrince, vi.
302; xviL 485.
— ■— Sylvan us, founder of the Paul-
icians, xviii. 433.
Constantinople, capital of Turkey,
VI. 302; founding of, XL in; XX.
778; council of (3S1), xxill. 259;
repulse of Moslems at (717), xvi. 574;
taken by the Crusadei-s (1204), vi. 629,
803; by the Turks (1453), xvil. 484;
XXIII. 642; Renaissance dates from its
capture, XX. 381 ; aqueducts, II. 221;
cemeteries, v. 331; ancient libraries,
XIV. 512; newspapers, XVII. 432;
plague in, XIX. 166; its suburb, Scu-
tari, XXI. 573.
, province, Turkey in Europe, XXIII.
653.
, Era of, V. 714.
CONSTANTINUS Cephalas, compiler of
an anthology, II. 103.
CONSTANTIUS I., Flavius Valerius,
Roman emperor, VI. 309; XX. 777; in
Scotland, XXI. 472.
II., Flavius Julius, Roman emperor,
XIII. 768; XX. 778.
CONSTANTS, Mathematical, Tables of,
xxin. 13.
, Tidal, xxiii. 366.
CONSTELLATIONS, groups of stars, II.
816; XXIV. 791.
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, of France,
IX. 598.
CONSTITUTION, and Constitutional Law,
VI. 309.
Constitutional History of Eng-
land, Hallam's, XI. 393.
Constitutionalism, Metternieh's op-
position to, XVI. 201.
Co.nstitutionnel, Le, Paris news-
paper, XVII. 426.
Constitution of Bodies, vi. 310.
Constitution of England, De-
lolme's work, VII. 51.
Constitution of Man, Combe's work,
VI. 1 8a
Constitutions, Apostolic, early
Christian work, II. 195, 196.
, of Justinian, XIII. 793; XX. 712.
OF Clarendon, viii. 372.
Constraint, in mechanics, xv. 678.
Construction, Principles of, in build-
ing, IV. 447.
110
C O N — C O O
CONSTRUCTIVENESS, in phrenology,
XVIII. S4;.
CONSUBSTANTIATION, Eucharislical
doctrine, VIII. 653; XV. 85; taught by
Occam, XVII. 71S.
CONSUEGRA,' to^nl, Spain, vi. 313.
Consuetude, in Roman law, xx. 698.
Consul, commercial and legal officer
in foreign country, vi. 315; British,
precedence of, XIX. 667.
, Roman magistrate, vi. 313; XX.
735- 7S8i 771, 7S5; in the provinces,
XIX. 8S5.
C0NSUL.\TE, Frencn, ix. 612; xvii.
203.
OF THE Se.\, Book of the, vu 317;
XXI. 5S4.
Consuls, The Three, in France
(1799-1800), IX. 612; XVII. 203.
Consumption, pulmonary disease,
xviii. 405, 855.
CONTADES, Louis G. E., French marshal,
IX. 5S9.
Contagion, or Infectiveness, in
pathology, xvin. 401; in case of the
plague, XIX. 161.
CoNT.\Gious Diseases (Animals)
Acts, British, XX, 158.
Contango, stock exchange term, I. 92;
xxn. 557.
Contarini, Amhrogio, Venetian envoy
to Persia, XViil. 633.
, Andrea, doge of Venice, XXIV. 144.
CONTE, Nicolas Jacques, French pencil-
maker, XVIII. 490.
Contempt of Court, offence, yi. 318.
CONTES, La Fontaine's, XIV. 205.
Drol.\tiques,. Balzac's, HI. 305.
CONTI, Prince of (Armand de Bourbon),
VI. 319.
, Gregorio (Victor IV., antipope),
XXIV. 213.
, Lothario (Pope Innocent III.),
XIII. 82.
, Michael Angelo (Pope Innocent
XIIL), XIII. 86.
, Nicolo, Italian traveller, x. 179.
Contiguity, in mental association, 11.
733-
Continental Congress, of American
colonies, XXIII. 737, 740, 743.
Continental System, of Kapoleon,
XVII. 212.
Continuity, Temporal, in psychology,
XX. 56.
Contours, in mapping, x. 210; xxii.
709, 711-
Contraband, vl 320; xxii. 1S5.
Contr.\bassoon, musical instrument,
xVii. 707.
CONTK.ACT, in law, VI. 322; xxi. 205;
under Brehon law, IV. 253; in Roman
law, XX. 675, 677, 692, 699; freedom
of, economic aspects of, XI.\. 360; of
partnership, XVIII. 330.
Contractions, in ancient MSS.,
win. 164.
CONTR.iST, in mental association, II.
733-
C0NTR,\ST0, love-song, by Ciullo
d'Alcarao, XIII. 499.
CONTRExiviLLE, spa, France, xvi. 433.
Contributory Negligence, in law,
XVIL 316; XXIII. 455.
Control Department, British army,
II. 581.
Contubernium, in Roman marriage
law, XV. 568.
CONTUCCI, Andrea, Florentine sculptor,
XXI. 295.
Contusion, in surgery, xxii. 681,. 686.
CoNUBiUM, form of Roman marriage,
XV. 568; XX. 671.
Conundrum, interrogative pun, xx.
549-
CONURUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 322.
Convection, mode of transference of
heat, XX. 212.
Convent, or Conventual Establish-
ment, I. 10; XVI. 700'; Lamaist, ii^
Tibet, XIV. 499.
Conventicle Act, of 1664, in England,
VIII. 348; XIX. 690; of 1670, XIX.
690; XX. 149.
Convention, French National (1792),
IX. 604.
, International, defined, XXIII. 530.
OF Philadelphia (1787), xxiii.
748.
Conventuals, order of monks, ix. 699.
CONVERSANO, town, Italy, vi. 324.
Conversations-Lexicon, of Brock-
haus, VIII. 203.
Conversion A'ND Trover, in law,
XXIII. 5S9.
Conveyancing, in law, vi. 324.
Convicts, Treatment of, xix. 747; on
ticket of leave, VI. 590; agitation
against, in Cape Colony, V. 45.
ConvIto, Dante's work, vl 814,' xill.
502.
Convivium seu Lapith^. Lucian's
dialogue, XV. 44.
Convocation, of ClrurcU of England,
VI. 325; VIII. 380.
CONVOLVULIN, vegetable resin, XIII.
547-
Convolvulus Bat.\tas, vegetable,
XIX. 596; XXIV. 727.
Convulsions, in pathology, xviii.
391-
CONW.w, town, Wales, vi. 330; river,
V. 119.
, Lady,' friend of Henry More, XVI.
S15.
CONWAV'" Cabal, against George
Wasliington, xxiv. 389,
Cony, of Scripture, xii. 599.
Conveeare, John, English divine, vi.
330.
, Tv^illiam Daniel, English geologistj
VI. 330.
Cooic, Captain Jon><-:,, English navigator
and explorer, VI. 330; X. 1S9; Ms
discoveries in Australasia, III. 104; his
Arctic and Antarctic, explorations,
XIX. 319, 329; his exploration of New
Zealand, xvii. 471; of Tahiti, xxiii.
24.
Cook, Prof., meteorological spectro-
scopist, X.\. 256.
, Mount, New Zealand, XVII. 466.
Cooke, Thomas, telescope-maker, XXIII.
149; his micrometers, XVI. 244.
, Sir W. F., his contributions to
telegraphy, XXIII. 113.
Cookery, vi. 331.
Cooking Stoves, xxii. 579.
Cook's Islands, or Harvey Archi-
pelago, South Pacific, vi. 331.
Cookstown, town, Ireland, XXIII. 713.
Cook Strait, Neiv Zealand, xvii. 467.
COOKTOWN, town, Queensland, XX. 172.
Cookworthy, WiUiam, English potter,
XIX. 642.
Coolie, or Cooly, Asiatic labourer, vi.
333; coolie emigration, VIIL 175.
Cooling, Newton's law of, xx. 129.
CoOLY (Coolie), Asiatic labourer, vi.
332; VIIL 175.
Coomassie, capital of Ashantee, West
Africa, vi. 336; II. 681.
COOMPTAH, or Kumpta, town, "India,
XIV. 155.
Cooper, Abraham, English painter, vi.
336-
, Anthony Ashley, three earls of
Shaftesbury, XXI. 727, 731, 734.
, Sir Astley Paston, English surgeon,
VI. 336.
— 1 — , Charles Henry, English historio-
grapher, VI. 337.
— , James Fenimore, American novel-
ist, VL 337; I. 725.
, John, English musician, XVII. 87.
Cooperage, handicraft, vi. 338.
Co-oper.ation, VI. 338, 218; XIV. 321;
productive and distributive, XXII.
210; agricultural, its results, I. 416;
Fourier's system, IX. 489.
Co-operative Societies, in Russia^
x£J. 84.
Cooper Institute, New York, xvii.
466.
Cooper's Hill, Denham's poem, vii. 79.
Cooper's Observatory, Markree
Castle, Ireland, XVI I. 711.
Cooper's Well, spa, Mississippi,
U.S.A., XVI. 436.
COORDIN.VTES, in geometry, X. 408;
polar, X. 414; transformation of, in
surveying, XXII. 706.
Coords, or Kurds (q.v.), tribes, Asia,
XIV. ij6.
Coorg, province, India, VI. 341.
CoORNHERT, Dirck Volcker«ten, Dutch
writer, XIL 93.
C-OORONG, lake. South Australiei, XXII.
284.
Coos Bay, to^vn, Oregon, U.S.A., xvit
824.
C 0 0 — C 0 s
111
CoosH Behar, or Kuch Behar, state,
India, xiv. 152.
Coot, water-fowl, VI. 341.
CoOTE, Sir Eyre, British general, VI. 342.
Copaiba, Balsam of, in. 293.
Copal, resin, vi. 342.
COPALINE, mineral, XVI. 428.
COPAN, town, Honduras, vi. 343; ruins
of, I. 693; XXIV. 758.
COPARCENERS, in Englisn law of in-
heritance, xill. 77.
Cope, ecclesiastical vestment, VI. 463.
, E. D., on the classification of rep-
tiles, XX. 438.
, Sir John, English general, v. 426.
Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, vi.
343; population, XXIV. 771; IX. 614;
battle of (1801), XVII. 323; academy,
I. 73; libraries, XIV. 532, 549; news-
papers, XVII. 430; observatory, XVII.
715; university, XXIII. 842.
Fields, London, xiv. S28.
Copepoda, group of crustaceans, Vl.
664; in Lankeater's classification, XXIV.
813.
COPERNICAN System, il 778.
COPERNICIA Cerifera, wai-yielding
palm, xviii. 191;
Copernicus, Nicolaus, German astro-
nomer, VI. 346; his astronomical
system, II. 752, 778; his theory of the
earth's rotation anti«ipated, VI. 729;
on the lunar theory, xvi. 800; his
treatise on money, XIX. 356: on trigo-
nometry, XXIII. 562.
CoPHO, mediffival writer on medicine,
XV. 806.
Copiapite, mineral, XVI. 401.
COPIAPO, town, ChUi, VI. 346.
Coping, in architecture il 462; iV.
464.
Copley, John Singleton, historical
painter, VI. 347.
, John Singleton (Lord Lyndhurst),
lord chancellor of England, XV. 106.
Copnick, to\\-n, Prussia, XIV. 139.
Copper, metal, chemical element, VI.
347; XVI. 382; chemistry of, v. 528;
cyanide of, XX. 23; sulphate of, xxil.
637 ; sulphate in elcctrotyping, VIII.
115; spectrum of, XXII. 376; strength
of, XXII. 603; as a poison, Xix. '278;
constituent of brass, lY. 217 ; of
bronze, iv, 366 ; as alloy of silver,
XXIL 71; in pig iron, xni. 284; ores
of, XVI. 58; dressing of ores, xvi. 466;
deppsits or mines in Australia, III.
109 ; in Bolivia, iv. 14; in Brazil, IV.
224; California, iv. 702; in Chili, v.
622; ia China, v. 639; in Cuba, VI.
6S0 ; in Cyprus, vi. 747; in Cornwall,
England, VL 425; in India, XII. 765;
in Ireland, XIII. 218; in Japan, XllI.
572; in Newfoundland, XVII. 384; in
New South Wales, xvii. 409; in Phi-
lippine Islands, XVIII. 749; in Queens-
luid, XX. 173; in Russia, xxi. 85;
XXIV. 5; in Michigan, U.S.A., xvi.
239; in Missouri, U.S.A., XVI. 525;
production of, XVI. 467 ; production
in England, vni. 229 ; production in
United States, XXIII. S16.
Copperas, minei'al, Vi. 352 ; XVI.
401.
Copper-Glante, mineral, XVL 391.
Copper Mining, xvi. 452.
COPPERNIN, English dwarf, VII. 56S.
Copperpl.ate Engraving, viii. 439.
Copper Pyrites, mineral, xx. 129.
Copper Smelting, at Swansea, xxii.
733-
Copper Wire, xxiv. 615.
Coppet, Switzerland, Madame de Stael's
residence, XXII. 439.
Coppice, or Copse, Culture of, II. 319.
Coprolites, FossO, VI. 353; as manure,
I. 348; xviii. 81S.
COPRONYMUS (Constantine V.), Byzan-
tine emperor, XII. 713.
Coptic Church, Egypt, xx. 631.
Coptic Language, \^L 721 ; xviii.
77S; dictionaries of, vil. 192.
Coptic Monastery, Plan of a, I. 11.
COPTOS, ancient town, Egj'pt, VL 355.
Copts, Egyptian people, vi. 354; i. 260;
VII. 728.
Copulation, of animais, xx. 410.
Copyhold, land tenure, vi. 355; Xiv.
264; XX. 307; its relation to feu-
dalism, IX. 122; surrender of, XXII.
692 ; copyhold rents, XX. 402.
Copyright, vi. 356; xix. 710; mter-
national, I. 720; English Acts relating
to, XIV. 541.
CoQUEREL, Athanase Josue, French
Protestant theologian, vi. 367.
, Athanase Laurent Charles, French
Protestant theologian, VI. 368.
COQUES, Gor.-alez, Flemish nainter, VI.
368.
Coquet, river, Northumoerland, Eng-
land, XVII. 565.
CoQuiLLA Nut, XVII. 665.
Coquillart, GuOlaume, early French
WTiter, IX. 648.
COQUIMBITE, mineral, XVI. 401.
COQUIMBO, province. Chili, v. 617.
Cora, Greek myt'a of, XVII. 127.
(Cori), ancient town, Italy, VI. 368;
temple at, II. 418.
CORACIAS, genus of birds, XX. 627.
Corais, Adaraantios, Greek scholar, XI.
151.
Coral Islands and Reefs, xix. 420,
421; theories of their formation, VI.
377; XVIII. i;8.
Coralligena, subdivision of Actinozoa,
I. 129.
Coralline, dye, v. 86.
Coral Rock, x. 238; m Kentucky,
U.S.A., xiv. 42.
Corals, or Coral Animals, vi. 369; I.
129; fisheriea, VI. 387; Italian fi.sheries,
xilL 455.
Coram, Thomas, English philanthropist,
VI. 388.
CORANGAMITE, lake, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 216.
Cor Anglais, musical instrument^
XVII. 706.
COR.ANIYN, river, Guiana, XI. 250.
Corario, Angelo (Pope Gregory XII.),
XI. 178.
CoRAX, of Syracuse, rhetorician, XX.
508.
CoRAY, Adamantius, Greek scholar, Vl.
388.
CoR.\zoN, mountain, Ecuador, vil. 645.
Corbeil. town, France, VI. 388; XXI.
625.
, GiUes de, medieval writer on
medicine, XV. 806.
Corbel, in architecture, II. 462.
Corbie Monastery. Picardy, Librarv
of, XIV. 513
CORBIERES, mountains, France, XX.
125.
Corbilo (St Nazaire), ancient town,
France, XXI. 187.
CORBUEIL (Francis Villon), French poet,
XXIV. 232; IX. 647.
CORBULO, Domitius, Roman commis-
sioner to the Parthians, xviii. 602.
CorchorUS. genus of plants. XIII.
798.
CoRCOBADO, island, Peru, xviil 671.
CORCYRA (Corfu), island, Greece, VI.
395; XIII. 205; coins of, xvu. 6^1.
Cord, Manufacture of, xx. 845.
CORDAY d' Armans, Marie Anne Char-
lotte, assassia of Marat, VI. 3S8; IX.
606; XV. 527.
Cordelier, rope-spinning machine, xx.
844.
Cordeliers, Franciscan monks, vl 389;
IX. 698.
, French Revolutionists, VI. 389.
CORDERIUS (Mathurin Cordier), French
WTiter, VI. 389; his Colloquifes as a
school book, XXI. 751.
CORQIALS, liqueurs, XIV. 686.
Cordier, Mathurin, French writet, VI.
389; his CoUoquies, XXI. 751.
Cordiere, La Belle (Louise Labe),
French poetess, IX. 651.
Cordierite, mineral, XVL 418.
CORDILLERAN SYSTEM, North America,
XXIII. 796.
C0RD1LLER.\S, of the Andes, I. 670; II.
15; in Ecuador, VII. 644.
Cordoba, to\vn, Argentine Republic,
VI. 390.
Cordova, province, Spain, XXII. 298.
, town, Spain, VI. 389; mosque at,
XVI. 864; XXIL 310.
, or Cordoba, town, Argentine Re-
•^ublic, VI. 390; observatory at, xvii.
716.
, town, Mexico, vi. 390.
CORDUBA (Cordova), ancient town,
Spain, VI. 390.
112
(J 0 R — C O R
Core, Magnetic, xv. 252.
COREA, kingdom, Asia, VI. 39b; language
of, XVIII. 779; XXIV. 3; dictionaries
of language, vii. 192.
COREGGIO, or Correggiq, Antonio Al-
legri, Italian painter, vi. 437 ; xxi.
437, 443-
COREGONUS, genus of fishes, xi. 346;
XIX. 402, 650; XXI. 221, 223; XXIV.
137. 552-
CORELLI, Arcangelo, Italian musical
composer, VI. 394; XVII. 93.
COJIENTIN, St, bishop of CornouaiUes,
France, xx. 181.
CoRENZio, Belisario, Greek Neapolitan
painter, VI. 395; xx. 532.
Corfu, island, Greece, vi. 395; xiii. 205;
town, VI. 396.
GpRi, town, Italy, VI. 368.
Coriander, plant and fruit, vi. 396;
xn. 289.
CORIANDOLI, in Roman carnival, v.
124.
CORIGLIANO, town, Italy, VI. 306.
CORINGA, town, India, VI. 396.
CORINNA, Greek poetess, VI. 397.
Corinne, Madame de Stael's novel,
XXII. 441.
Corinth, town, ancient Greece, vi. 397;
coins of, XVII. 642; slaves in, XXII.
130; St Paul at, XVIII. 420.
Corinthian Architecture, Greek
order, II. 407; Roman order, II. 415;
inventor of the column in, IV. 709.
Corinthians, Epistles to the, vi.
399; xviii. 421.
, Third Epistle to the, apocrj-phal
book, xviii. 423.
Coriolanus, Cains Marcius, Roman
patrician, VI. 401.
, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764.
Corioli, ancient town, Itily, VI. 402.
CORITANI, early British tribe, xiv. 655;
XVII. 556.
Cork, bark of tree, VI. 40^2; formation
of, XII. 17; the tree, xvii. 694; in
Portugal, XIX. 538; in Tunis, ^xiii.
620.
, county, Ireland, vi. 402; popida-
tion and representation, XXIII. 727.
■ , town, Ireland, VI. 405 ; library,
XIV. 524; observatory, XVII. 711;
Queen's College at, XXIII. 855.
, Earl of (Ricbard Boyle), English
statesman, IV. 183.
AND Orrery, Earl of (John Boyle),
Snglish writer, IV. 183.
CORKWING, fish, XXIV. 686.
Corlear, early Dutch settler,
York, XVII. 454.
Corleone, town, Italy, vi. 406.
Corliss Steam - Engine, xx
514.
CORM, of plants, IV. 98; XX. 423.
CORMAC, Irish king, XIII. 246.
Cormenin, Vicomte de, French jurist,
VI. 406.
New
507,
CORMONTAIGNE, Louisde, French mili-
. tary engineer, vi. 407.
Cormophyta, division of vegetable
kingdom. III. 694.
Cormorant, bird, vi. 407.
Cormorne. musical instrument, xvii.
705.
Corn, British trade in, vi. 413.
, local thickening of the skin, XXII.
121.
, Indian (Maize), XV. 309.
CORNALIA, Corpuscles of, parasites in
silkworms, XXII. 59.
CORNARIUS, Janus, German physician,
XV. 80S.
CORNARO, Luigi, Italian writer, VI.
417.
CORNAVil, ancient British tribe, XXI.
648.
CORNAY, Joseph Emi?e, on classification
of birds, XVIII. 29, 35.
Corn-Bruiser, agricultural implement,
I. 326.
CORNBURY, Lord, governor of New
Jersey, U.S.A., XVII. 398.
Corn Crake, bird, vi. 543; xx. 222.
Corn-Crusher, agricultural imnle-
ment, I. 326; primitive, IX. 343.
Cornea, of the eye, viii. 817; i. 886;
diseases of the, XVII. 781.
CORNEILLE, Mont, France, xx. 118.
, Pierre, French dramatist, VI. 417;
VII. 424; IX. 65S; XX. 206.
', Thomas, French dramatist, VI. 42 1 ;
IX. 658; his Dictionnaire des Arts et
des Scifences, VIII. 194.
Cornelia, mother of the Graechi, VI.
421.
Cornelius, Peter von, German painter,
VI. 421; XIV. 16.
O'DOWD (Charles Lever), Papers
by, XIV. "486.
Cornelli, Vincenzo Maria, his BibUo-
tcca Universale, viii. 195.
Cornell University, at Ithaca, New
York, U.S.A., xxili. 857.
Cornet, musical instrument, xxiv.
787; IX. 351.
Corneto, town, Italy, vi. 423; viii.
634-
Corn Flour, xv. 310.
Cornhert, Theodore, Dutch writer, vi.
423-
Cornice, in architecture, 11. 462.
Cornish Dialect, v. 298; dictionaries
of, VII. 188.
CoRKiSH Literature, ancient, v.
323-
Corn-Law Rhymes, by EUioft, viii.
149.
Corn Laws, English, VI. 408; ix. 754;
their effect on agriculture, I. 304;
agitation against, VIII. 366; repeal of,
Vi. 84; XVIII. 457.
Corn-Mildew, xvi. 293.
CORNO, Monte, Italy, 11. 170; Xlll.
437-
CORNO Dl Bassetto, musical instru-
ment, XVII. 70S.
CORNOUAILLES, Counts of, France, xx.
181.
Corn-Salad, vegetable, xii. 281.
Corn Thrips, insect, xxiv. 534.
Corn Trade, British, vi. 413; early
laws regarding, 1. 298.
CORNU, Roman trumpet, XXIII. 592.
, A., his simplification of diffraction
problems, XXIV. 444.
CORNUS, genus,of plants, vii. 342.
CORNUTUS, L. Annseus, Roman Stoic
philosopher, VI. 423; XVIII. 662.
Cornwall, county, England, vi. 424;
population and representation, xxill.
727; ancient remains, XXI. 51; Celtic
language of, v. 298; Celtic literature,
V, 323; fisheries, IX. 253; miracle plays
in, VII. 414; serpentine rocks of, xxi.
683.
CORNWALLIS, rirst Marquis, British
general, VI. 428; in American War,
XXIII. 744; governor-general of India,
XII. 803, 805.
CORNWALLITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
Corn Weevil, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
CoRO, town, Venezuela, vi. 428.
CORODY, Right of, obsolete prerogative
of English crown, XIX. 672.
Corolla, of plants, iv. 132.
Coromandel Coast, India, vl 428.
Corona, envelope of the sun, vi. 428;
XXII. 645, 647; II. ''8q; XI. 398: Xiv.
597; XXIV. 435.
CORONADO, F. Vasquez de, SpanisQ ex-
plorer, XVII. 309, 4oi.
Coronation, vi. 429.
Island, Antarctic Ocean, xvit.
407.
Oath, England, xvii. 701.
CORONEA, Greece, Battle of (394 B.C.),
XXIII. 229,
CORONELLI, Vincenzjo, Italian geogra-
pher, VI. 430.
Coroner, oflicer of the law, vi. 430.
Coroner's Jury, xiii. 786.
Coronet, in heraldry, xi. 711; dncal,
viL 519.
COTJOT, Jean Baptiste Canulie, Flench
painter, VI. 431.
CoROZO Nut, or Vegetable Ivory, xni.
525; XVIL 664.
CORPANCHO, Manuel Nicolas, Peruvian
poet, XVIII. 676.
CORPI Santi, suburb of Milan, Italy,
XVI. 290.
Corporal Punishment, Law of,xxiii.
465.
Corpora Quadrigemina, Corpora
Striata, in the brain, i. 872: xix.
37-
Corporation, vi. 432; in United
States, XXIII. 785.
Corporation-Sole, xviii. 296.
ccrpulencf, VI. 435 ; in pathoiogy,
C O R — C O S
113
XVIII. 389; diet for reduction of, vil.
204.
Corpus Christi, churcli festival, vi.
436.
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,
IV. 731.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford,
XVIII. 96.
Corpuscles, Blood, i. 845.
, Ultramundane, in Le Sage's atomic
theory, III. 46.
Corpuscular Theory, of light, xiv.
580, 598.
Corpus InscriptioNum Gr.ecarum,
XIII. 122.
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum,
XIII. 127.
Corpus Juris, of Justinian, xin. 794.
Corpus Juris Canonici, v. 18.
CORREA, greenhouse plant, XII. 263.
DA Serra, Jose Francisco, Portu-
guese politician and scientist, VI. 436.
Correction, Houses of, xix. 748.
CORREGGIO, Antonio Allegri, Italian
painter, VI. 437; XXI. 437, 443.
Correspondence, in geometry, x.
392.
CoRRfezE, department, France, vi. 438.
Corrib, Lough, Ireland, X. 55; XIIL
216; XV. 650.
CORRICHIE, Scotland, Battle of (1562),
XV. 595.
CORRIE, mountain recess, XXI. 525.
Corrientes, town, Argentine Republic,
VI. 439.
CORRIEVRECKAN, whirlpool, Scotland,
XXIV. 542.
Corrosive Sublimate, a chloride of
mercury, xvi. 33 ; as poison, XIX.
277
Corrupt Practices Prevention
Act (1854), IV. 278.
CORRV, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., VI.
439-
Corsica, island, Mediterrancr n, vi.
439; XIII. 440; XV. 820; di?lect of,
xni. 494; ced«l to ancient Rome, XX.
748; its connexion with France, XVII.
193; under Theodore I., xvii. 362.
CORSINI, Lorenzo (Pope Clement XII.\
V. 823.
, Marietta, wife of Machiavelli, XV.
147.
CoRSINlEiE. class of liverworts, xvil.
69.
Corslet, defensive armour, VI. 692.
CORSoaiiii. town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
CORSSEN, Wilhelm Paul, German philo-
logist, VI. 440.
CORT, Cornelius, Dutch engraver, vi.
441.
CORTAILLOD, town, Switzerland, xvii.
362.
CORTE Nov A, town, Italy, xvii. 608.
Corte-ReaL, family of Portuguese
aa\-igators, VI. 441.
CORTES, Spanish legislature, XXII. 303.
, Hernan, conqueror of Mexico, vi.
441; I. 707; X. 182.
, Martin,' his Art of Navigation,
XVII. 252.
CoRTHOL, musical instrument, xvii.
705.
CORTI, Rods of, in the ear. I. 894 ; vii.
593-
CoRTic.\TA, division of Protozoa, Xix.
S52.
Corticine, floorcloth, XIV. 676.
CoRTiciUM Candelabrum, species of
sponge, XXII. 414.
Corton.a. to%vn, Italy, vi. 442 ; viii.
635-
, Luca da, Italian painter, xxii.
50.
Cortoreal, Caspar, explorer of New-
foundland, xvil. 385.
CORUISK, Loch, Skye, Scotland, xxil.
127.
CoruSa, province, Spain, xxii. 298;
to-BTL, VI. 443.
Corundophyllite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Corundum, mineral, xvi. 385 j xxi.
47 ; deposits of, in North Carolina,
U.S.A., XVII. 560.
CORUNNA, or Coruna, town, Spain, VI.
443; battle of (1809), XVI. 805; Lord
Paget at, II. 31.
CORVARA, Pietro di (Nicholas V., anti-
pope), XVII. 484.
CORVEV, Benedictine abbey. Saxony, VI.
443; library of, XIV. 513.
CORVID.B, family of birds, VI. 617 ;
XVIII. 48.
CORVINUS, John Hunyady, king of
Hungary, XII. 367, 368; xxiil. 642.
, Marcus Valerius Messala, friend
and patron of Tibnllus, XXIIL 348.
, Matthias, of Hungary, XII. 367,
36S; XV. 634; library of, XIV. 515.
Corvisart-Desmarets, Baron de,
French physician, vi. 443; xv. 816.
Corvo, island, Azores, III. 172.
CORVUS, genus of birds, VI. 617; XIII.
532; XX. 295, 842.
, M. Valerius, Roman general, vi.
444.
Cory, Giles, executed for witchcraft, in
U.S.A., XXIV. 622.
CORVATT, Thomas, English -nTiter, ^'l.
444.
CORYBANTES, in Greek mytholog)-, vi.
444.
Corylus, genus of trees, xt. 548.
CORYPH/EUS, leader of chorus, in Greei
tragedy, vi. 444.
CoRYPHODON, fossil ungulate mammal,
XV. 426.
Coryth^OLA, genus of birds, XXIII.
487.
CORYTHUS, or Cortona, ancient town,
Italy, VI. 443.
Cos, island, Asia Minor, VI. 444; ancient
aqueduct at, II. 219; coins of, xvii.
647; Greek school of medicine at, xv.
Soo.
Coscaroba, bii-d, XXII. 732.
CosciNOMANCY, divining with a sieve,
VII. 293; XVII. 818.
Cosecant, in trigonometry, xxiii. 563.
CosEGUlNA, volcano, Nicaragua, xvii.
477-
Cosenza, town, Italy, vi. 445; pro\'ince,
IV. 651.
Cosimo I. (dei Medici), grand-duke of
Tuscany, XV. 789.
II., of Tuscany, XV. 792.
III., of Tuscany, XV. 793.
DEI Medici (the Elder), ruler of
Florence, X\'. 784; IX. 138.
Cosin, John, bishop of Durham, VI. 445;
as hymn-writer, XII. 592.
Cosine, in trigonometry, XXIII. 563.
COSLIN, town, Prussia, XIV. 143.
COSMAS, Byzantine hymn-writer, XI. 146.
, sumamed Indicopleustes, ancient
geographer, VI. 445; X. 177.
of Prague, Bohemian historian, VI.
446.
Cosmati, family of architects and
sculptors, Rome, XX. 834.
Cosmo de" Medici. See Cfosimo.
Cosmogony, vi. 446;. Chaldean, iii.
193; mj-ths of, I. 460; xvii. 143, 156;
of the Stoics, XXII. 564.
Cosmography, Heylin's, xi. 785.
Cosmological Theism, xxiii. 248.
Cosmology, Parmenides's, xviii. 315;
Philo's, xviii. 762; Pythagorean, XX.
139.
Cosmos, Humboiclt's work, xii. 345.
, Anaxagoras's theory of the, II. i ;
Kepler's, XIV. 47.
Cosne, town, J'rance, vi. 448; xvii.
496.
CosSA, Balthasar (Pope John XXIII.),
XIII. 712.
, Luigi, Italian economist, XIX. 394.
Cossacks, Russian tribes, vi. 448; v.
263; XXI. 79; origin of the name,xiv.
95; in Russian army, II. 610.
Cossimbazar, to^vn, India, xiv. 14.
Cossya Hills (Khasi Hills), district,
India, Xiv. 58. .
CossVRA, island, Mediterranean, XVIII.
214.
CoSTA, Lorenzo, Italian nainter, XXL
437. 443-
COST.E, or Bibs, Anatomy of, I. 822.
Costal Joints, Anatomy of, i. 835.
CosTAMBONE(Kastamuni), town, Asiatic
Turkey, XIV. 14.
COSTANZO, Angelo di, Italian historian,
VL 451.
Costa Rica, republic. Central America,
VI. 449; Indian tribes in, XII. 836;
newspapers, xvii. 437.
CosTE, Jean J. C. V.. on embrvology,
VIII. 166, 167.
COSTELLO, Dudley, English journalist,
VI. 451.
U4
C O S — C O U
CosTELLO, Louisa Stuart, English writer,
VI. 451.
Coster, Laurens, Dutch printer, XIV.
143; xxni. 680, 691.
, Samuel, Dutch ^vriter, XII. 94.
COSTERMONGERS, in London, XIV. 829.
Costilla, mountain. New Mexico,
U.S.A., XVII. 399.
COSTNITZ, or Constance {q.v.) 'tomi,
Baden, VI. 297.
Costs, Legal, vi. 451.
Cosi*UME, VL 453; Celtic, V. 801;
Egyptian, vil. 723; early Irish, XIII.
254; Persian, XViii. 630.
COSTUS, incense, XII. 71S.
COTA, Rodrigo, Spanish poet, vi; 479;
vii. 420.
COTAN (Khotan), district ana town,
Turkestan, XIV. 67.
Cotangent, in trigonometry, xxili.
563.
Cote d' Or, department, France, vi. 479.
Cotentin, district, Normandy, France,
XV. 458; XVII. 54t
Cotes, Roger, EnglLsn mathematician,
VL 479; his Logometria, xvii. 256;
Newton's correspondence with, xviL
447-
COTES-DU-NORD, department, France,
VL 479-
Coteswold HitLS, Gloucestershire,
England, x. 687.
COTHAM Stone, or Landscape Marble,
XV. 529.
CoTHEN, town, Germany, xrv. 144.
Cotile, genus of birds, XV. 581.
COTOCACHI, mountain. Ecuador, vii.
645.
COTOPAXI, volcano, Ecuador, Vl. 480;
VII. 644.
COTRONE, town, Italy, VI. 616.
COTSwoLD Sheep, i. 392.
CoTTA, Johann Friedrich, German theo-
logfan, VI. 48a
— . — , Johann Georg, German publisher,
VI. 4S0.
VON COTTENDORF, Georg, German
publisher, VI. 481.
VON COTTENDORF, Johann Fried-
rich, German publisher, vi. 4S0; xvil.
42S.
COTTABATO, volcano, Philippines, XVIII.
749-
COTTABUS, Greek game, vi. 481.
COTT.AGERS OF Glenburnie, Mrs
Hamilton's story, XL 4i'5.
COTTAGE System, for farm labourers,
in Scotland, 1.^409.
COTTBUS, town, Prussia, XIV. 144.
COTTENDORF, Cotta Ton, German pub-
lishers, VI. 480. See Gotta.
COTTEREAU, Jean, French royUlist, v.
686.
CoTTiAN Alps, t. 623.
COTTIN, Sophie, French novelist, VI. 481.
COTTius, chief of Segusio (busa), Italy,
XXII. 722.
Cotton, vl 482; of Brazil, iv. 227;
of Egypt, VII. 708, 786 ; of India, xil.
748; bleaching of. III. 812; growth of,
in Bombay, IV. 23 ; in the United
States, XXIII. 824; ui<3eorgia, U.S.A.,
x. 435; manufacture of, vi. 487;
manufacture in England, VIII. 230;
in India, XII. 761, 763; in Russia,
XXI. 849; at Lowell, U.S.A., xv.
29 ; dyeing of red colours on, VII.
576.
, Charles, English writer, VI. 508;
his share in the Compleat Angler,
XXIV. 342.
, George Edward Lynch, bishop of
Calcutta, VI. 508.
, John, New England Puritan, xil.
726.
, Sir Rooen Bruce, political writer
and founder of Cottonian library, vi.
509.
, Stapleton, Viscount Combermere,
VI. 181.
Fibre, ix. 133.
Cottonian Library, in British
Museum, VI. 509.
Cottonian MSS., British Museum,
XIV. 515.
Cotton Paper, xviii. 218.
Cotton-SeEd Cake, xvii. 739.
Cotton-Seed Oil, xvii. 745.
Cotton-Spinning, Robert Owen's im-
provements in, xviii. 87.
Cotton-Spinning Frame, Invention
of, II. 541.
COTTONSTONE, mineral, xvi. 423.
Cotton-Wood, tree, xix. 512.
Cotton Yarns, xxiv. 731.
COTTUS, genus of fishes, xvi. 320.
CoTUNNiTE, mineral, xvi. 384.
COTURNIX, genus of birds, XX. 146.
COTYLE, Greek measure, XXIV. 485.
COTYiiDONS, in plants, IV. 92, 156..
COTYLOPHORA, group of Ungulate
mammals, XV. 430.
CoTYORA, town, Asia Minor, XIX.
459-
COTYS, Thracian kings, VI. 509.
COUAGGA (Quagga), ungulate mammal,
XX. 146.
Couch, fish, xxi. 223.
Couches, fiurniture, ix. 850.
Coughing, abnormal respiration, xx,
479-
CouGOUAR, carnivorous mammal, XV.
435; XX. 104.
COULANGES, Christophe de, Abb^ de
LiTOy, XXI. 703.
Coulomb, Charles Augustin, French
physicist, VI. 509; his contributions to
the science of electricity, VIII. 9, 18; to
science of magnetism, XV. 237, 249.
, electrical unit of measurement,
XXIIL 116.
Coulter, Loch, Stirlingshire, Scotland,
XXII. 553.
Coulterneb, bird, XX. loi.
COUMARIN, perfume, xvill. 526.
Council, Ecclesiastical, VI. 510; listed
oecumenical councils, vl 511.
, Municipal, xvli. 27.
, Vatican (1869^70), xxiv. no.
Bluffs, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi.
51-
OF Basel (1431-43), in. 409.
OF Constance (i4'i4-i8), vi.
297.
— - OF Ten, Venetian, xxiv. 143.
OF Trent (1545-63); xxm. 543;
Sarpi's History of, XXI. 312.
Coltnt, title, VL 512; XXIIL 418;
German, xvill. 461.
Counterpoint, in music, xvil 8?.
Counterscarp, in fortification, ix.
422.
Countess, title, vl 512; vii. 595.
Count Julian, Landor's tragedy, XIV.
278.
Country Wife. The, Wycherley's play,
XXIV. 706.
County, administrative area, vi. 512;
origin of, in England, viii. 273 ;
American, Xxni. 731, 8:
Court, Jurisdiction of, VL 513.
Coup D'ETAT,of LcuisNapoleon(i85iX
XVIL 228.
Coup de Soleil, or Sunstroke, xxM.
666.
CoURAYER, Pierre Fianjois le, Frencb
theologian, VI. 514.
Courbaril, tree, IL 55.
Courier, ' of ambassador, i. 658 ;
Government, XIX. 562.
, Paul Louis, French writer, vi. 514;
IX. 673.
Courlan, bird, XX. 223.
CouRLAND, province, Russia, Vi. 515;
XI. 69.
CoURNOT, Augustin, French economist,
XIX. 386.
Courons, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
COURS, town, France, XX. 529.
Courser, bird, xix. 228.
Coursing, with greyhounds, VL 515.
Court, Courts, Judicial, vl 516; of
appeal, 11. 209; of summary jurisdic-
tion, XXIL 641 ; English, VIII. 261 ;
records of English, XX. 311; Federal,
United States, XXIIL 750; Moslem,
XVL 591.
, Contempt of, vi. 318.
, Antoine, French Protestant, VI.
519; XIX. 695; missionary of the
Camisards, iv. 744.
DE Gebelin, Antoine, French
scholar, VI. 520.
Courtesy Titles, British, xix. 665.
Court Fools, ix. 366.
COURTHOSE, Robert, founder of New-
castle-on-Tyne, XVII. 379.
Court Martial, vi. 517; xvi. 297.
Courtney, William, archbishop of
Canterbury, xxiv. 711.
Court of Love, by Chaucer, v. 451.
C O U — C R A
115
Court of Session, in Scotland, xxi.
535-
COURTOIS, Jaqucs and GiUlaume,
French painters, VI. 520.
COURTRAI, txivra, Belgium, VI. 520J
battle of (1302), IX. 544.
Courts. See Court.
Courtship of Miles Standish,
Longfellow's poem, XIV. 861.
COUSA, or Phalanger. marsupial mam-
mal, xviii. 727.
Cousin, Victor, French pUloeopher, Vl.
521; IX. 674.
CousTOU, Nicholas and Quillaume,
French sculptors, VI. 528.
COUTANCES, town, France, VI. 529;
district, xvii. 539.
COUTHON, Georges, French Revolu-
tionist, VI. 529; XX. 604.
COUTTS. Thomas, English banker, vi.
539.
COVELLINE, mineral, XVI. 393.
Covenant, Book of the, Pentateuchal,
XVIII. 509.
, National (16381 in Scotland, xi.
651; XXI, 512.
, Solemn League ana, in Scotland
(1643), VI. 530; XXI. 513.
Covenanters, in Scottish history, vi.
529; XIX. 682; XXI. 515; persecution
of, by Claverhouse, Vir. 537.
CovENT Garden Market, London,
XIV. 829, S47.
Coventry, towTi, England, vi. 530;
population, XXIV. ■>-'o: ribbons of,
XX 532.
— Chair, driven as tricycle, xxiii.
J60.
Plays, Englisa miracle-olays, vii.
414
Cqve of Cork (Queenstown), town,
Ireland, XX. 175.
CoverdaLE, Miles, translator of
English Bible, VI. 531: hia version,
viii. 385.
Covered Way, in engineering, xxill.
622; in fortification, IX. 445.
CoyiLHA. town. Portugal, VI. 531; XIX.
537-
COVILHAM, Pearo de, Portuguese
traveller, I. 65; X. i8o.
Covington, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
VI. 53 1 J xvii. 406.
Cow, MUch, management of, I. 390; Vl.
768; diseases of, XXI v. 204; milk of,
XVI. 303; respect paid to^ by Hindus,
IV. 211; by Zoroastrians, XXI v. 822.
, The, statue by Myron, xvil. 120,
Co\vell, John, English jurist, VI. 531.
COWES, West and East, towns. Isle of
Wight, VI. 531.
Cowey Stakes, in Thajnes, Middlesex,
England, xvi. 281.
Cowley, Abraham, English poet VI.
532; VIII. 418.
Cow-Parsnip, as forage plant, I. 378.
.CowPEai, WiUiam, English poet, VI. 533;
his friendship with John Newton,
XVII. 449; hymns by, XII. 594; his
place in. English literature, viii. 429.
Cowper, William, anatomist, I. 813.
Cowper's Writing - Telegraph,
xxiii. 121
COW-PoX, Xlll. 023; XXIV. 25, 204.
Cowry, shell and money, VI. 535, 766.
Cowslip, plant, xix. 737.
Cows of Athor, in Egypnan
mythology, ni. 14.
Cox, David, English painter, VI. 535.
, Richard, bishop of Ely, VI. 537.
COXCIE, Michael, Flemish painter, vi.
537-
Coxcox, the Mexican Noah, xvi. 209.
COXE, William, archdeacon, English
writer, VI. 537
COXON, John, buccaneer, IV. 410.
COXWELL, Henry T., aeronaut, I. 193.
COYNE and Livery, right of free
quarters, in Ireland, XIII. 262.
Coypel, family of French painters, vi.
537-
Coypu, rodent manimaL XV. 420; xvi.
301.
CoYSEVOX, or Coyzevox, Charles An-
toine, French Bculptor, VI. 537 ; XXI.
563.
Crab, crustacean, vi. 538, 655; sperma-
tozoon of, XX. 411; fisheries, IX. 265.
Ckabbe, George, English poef, VI. 539.
Crab Island, West Indies, xxiv. 261.
Crab Orchard, spa, Kentucky. "U.S.A.,
XVL 436
Cracin,€, group of birds, VI. 709.
Cracker, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
Cracknels, biscuits, in. 252.
Cracow, town, Austrian Poland, vi.
540; university of, XIX. 300, 306;
XXIII. 840, 851.
Cradle Mountain, Tasmania, xxiii.
72
Craft-Guilds, vi. 39; xi. 261.
Craftsman, The, Amhurst's news-
paper, I. 738; XX. 104.
Craftsmen, as distinct from labourers,
XIV. 166.
Craig, John, Scottish Reformer, VI. 541.
, Dr John, friend of Napier, XVIL
182.
, Sir Thomas, Scottish jurist and
poet, VI. 541; XVII. 177; XXI. 543.
Craigentinny Meadows, Edinburgh,
Sewage irrigation of, I. 374.
Craignethan Castle, Lanark, Scot-
land, XIV. 251.
Craik, George L,illie, English writer,
VI. 542.
Crail, town, Scotland, VI. 542.
Crajova, town, Roumania, XIV. 146.
Crake, bird, vi. 542; xx. 224.
Cramalt Craig, mountain, Scotland,
XVIIL 451.
Cramer,' Gabriel, his method of deter-
minants, I. 516.
Cramuing, for examinations, viii. 779.
Cramp, muscular disease, vi. 543; rings
worn as preservative against, XX. 561.
Cran, river, England, XVI. 279.
Cranach, Lucas, German painter and
caricaturist, VI. 543 ; v. 104 ; XXI.
438, 443-
Cranberry, plant and fruit, vi. 545 ;
xiL 270.
Cranborne Chase, Wilts, England,
XXIV. 593.
Cranbrook, town, England, VI. 546.
Crane, bird, yi. 546.
, hoisting machine, VI. 547.
, Francis, English tapcstrv designer,
XXIII. 213.
Dance, in Greece and Siberia,
XXIII. 294.
Crane-Fly, insect, vil. 256.
Cranesbill, plant, x. 439.
Cranganore, town, India, xiv. 135.
Crangon, genus of Crustacea, xxi.
846.
Craniad^ family of Brachiopoda, iv.
194.
Cranial Nerves, r. 880; xix. 42.
Craniata, division of vertebrate
animals, xxiv. 181, 812.
Cranium, or Skull, i. 822; xxii. 113;
of American Indians, XII. 824; surgery
of, XXII. 688; successive stages of, in
the fowl. III. 700.
Crank-Shaft, of steam-engine, xxil.
509.
Cranmer, Thomas, archbishopof Canter-
bury, VI. 548; VIII, 333, 340; XL 664;
leader of the Reformation in England,
XX. 330; his influence on the English
Church, VIII. 376,
Crannogs, Celtic lake dwellings, VI,
552; II. 384; XIV. 223.
Grantor, Greek philosopher, VL 552.
Crantz, Albert, German historian, xrv.
146
Craon, Robert de, grana-master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 160.
Crape, silk fabric, vi. 553.
Crashaw. Richard, English pott, vi.
553-
Crassapuill Trout, fish, xxl 223.
Crassus, L. Calpurnius, conspirator
against the emperor Nerva, xvii. 353,
, Lucius Licinius. Roman orator,
VL 553-
, Marcus liicinius, Roman triumvir,
VI, 554; Xix. 451; XX, 763, 765; his-
invasion of Mesopotamia, XVIII. 596.
CRAT.tGUS, genus of plants, XI. 536.
Crater, ancient cup, xix. 180, 614.
Crates of Athens, actor and writer of
comedies, vi. 554.
of Mallus, grammarian and Stoic
philosopher, VI. 554; XL 43; xv. 516.
of Thebes, Cynic philosopher, VI.
554- ^ ,
Crathis, river, ijucania, Italy, XV. 37.
Cratinus, Greek comedian, vi. 554.
Cratippus, Greek historian, vi. 554.
116
C R A — C K I
Cratippus, Peripatetic philosopher, VI.
554-
CratylUS, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 202.
Crau, district, France, IV. 169.
Crauford, Quentin, English antiquary,
VI. 554.
Crawford, Earl of, his observatory,
Dun Echt, Scotland, xvil. 711.
, Thomas, American sculptor, vi.
554-
, William Harris, American states-
man, XXIII. 759, 761, 788.
Island, Sierra Leone, Africa,
XXII. 45.
Crawford, John, English political
writer, VJ. 555.
Crayer, Gaspard de, Flemish painter,
VI. 555.
Cray-Fish, crustacean, vi. 643, 658; of
Mammoth Cave, U.S.A., XV. 450.
Crayon, material for dra^^^I^g, Vl.
555-
Crazy Mountains, "U.S.A., xxiii.
797-
Cream, of milk, xvi. 303,305; clotted,
VI. 771.
OF Tartar, chemical salt, vi.
556; xxiii. 6g.
Cre.\mometer, xvi. 305.
Creasote, or Creosote, antiseptic, drug,
and poison, VI. 556; XXIII. 57.
Creatin, or Creatine, nitrogenous car-
bon compound, xvii. 519; XIX. 24.
Creation, in Arabian philosophy, 11.
266; evolutionist view of, viii. 752;
myths of, XVII. 146, 156; theories of,
VI. 446.
, The, Haydn's oratorio, XI. 539.
OF Man, The, early traditions
regarding, I. 136, 137 ; myths of,
XVII. 157.
OF the World, Era of the, v.
713.
Cr^billon, Claude Prosper Jolyote,
French novelist, VT. 556; IX. 666.
, Prosper Jolyote de, French poet,
VL 557J VII. 425; IX. 665.
Cr^cy, -or Cressy, to\vn, France, vi.
557; battle of (1346), VII. 686; viii.
318; IX. 546.
Credi, Lorenzo ai, Italian painter, vi.
557; XXI. 435, 442.
Credit Banks, in Germany, Schulze
Delitzsch's, Vi. 214, 339.
Credit Companies, hi. 328.
Credit Foncier, CRiDiT Mobilier,
credit banks, vi. 557.
Crediton, town, England, vi. 558.
Creditor and Debtor, xviii. 440 ;
in Roman law, xx. 685.
Crednerite, mineral, xvi. 387.
Credos, Sierra de, mountains, Spain,
xxil. 294.
Creech, Thomas, English translator,
VI. 558.
Creeds, authorized formularies of
-doctrine, VI. 558.
Creek Indians, JSIorth America, X.
437; XH. 828, 835.
Creek Town, Calabar, West Africa,
IV. 649.
Crefeld, town, Germany, VI. 565; siUt
manufacture Sf, XXII. 65.
CREIL, town, France, XVll. 749.
Crema, town, Italy, vi. 565.
Cr^maillere Lines, 'in fortification,
IX. 435. 437-
Cremation, method of disposing of
human corpses, VI. 565.
Cremna, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 130.
Cremona, province, Italy, vi. 567.
, to-svn, Italy, vi. 567 ; its school of
painting, xxi. 437, 443; violin makers
of, XVII. 98.
Cremorne, musical instrument, XXlll.
489.
Crenelle, in architecture, 11. 463.
Crenides (Philippi), ancient toTtm,
Macedonia, XVIII. 746.
CrenilabrUS, genus of fishes, XXIV.
686.
Creole, vi. 567; xvii. 319.
Creon, king of Corinth, in Greek fable,
VI. 567; xill. 596.
, king of Thebes, in Greek fable, vi.
567.
Creosol, product of wood-tar distilla-
tion, XXIII. 57.
Creosote, or Creasote, antiseptic, drug,
and poison, VI. 556; xxiu. 57.
Oi'l, xxiii. 59; as fuel, ix. 809.
Crescent, The, its adoption by the
Turks as their symbol, IV. 615.
AND THE Cross, Warburton's
work, XXIV. 367.
Crescentia, Bcman martyr, xxiv.
266.
Crescentius, or Crescenzio, Roman
patrician, XIII. 711; XX. 789.
Crescenzio, Cardinal, president of
council of Trent, xxiil. 546.
Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario, lUdian
poet, VI. 568;' XV. 145.
Cresol, product of wood-tar distilla-
tion, XXIII. 57.
Cresphontes, king of Messenia,
Greece, XVI. 53.
Crespi, Daniele, Italian paint«r, vi.
568.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian sculptor,
VI. 568.
, Giuseppe Maria, Italian painter,
VI. 568.
Crespy, France, Peace of (1544), IX. 557.
Cress, vegetable, xii. 281, 289.
, Water, plant, xvii. 239.
Cress-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Cresswell, Sir Cres-swell, English
judge, VI. 568.
Cressy, or Cr<5cy, town, France, vi. 557;
battle of (1346), VII. 686; viii. 318;
IX. 546. '
Crest, in heraldry, XL 709.
, town, France, VL 568.
Creswick, Thomas, English painter,'
VL 568.
Cretaceous Rocks, x. 357.
Cret de la Neige, mountain, Switzci-
land, xiIl. 7S1.
Crete, or Candia, island, Mediterranean,
VI. 569; XV. 820; xxiii. 653; its ccp-
nexion with Phcenicia, xviii. 805;
cession of, to the Turks (1669), XL
121; XXIV. 147; coins of, XVII. 635,
643; Greek dialect of, XL 133; weights
and measures, xxiv. 490.
Cretin, Guillaume, early French writer,
IX. 647.
Cretinism, disease, vl 572; xiii. 96;
xviii. 375, 385.
Creuse, department, France, vi. 574.
Creusot, or Creii?ot, town, France, vi.
575; xxi. 302.
Company,' France, their iron
works, XXI. 332.
Creutz, Gustav Philip, Count, Swedish
poet, VI. 574; XXII. 756.
Creuzer, Georg Friedrich, German
philologist, VI. 574; on mytholopv,
XVII. 137.
Creuznach, town, Prussia, XIV. 148.
Creuzot, or Creusot, Le, town, France,
VI. 575; XXL 302.
Crevasses, in glaciers, x. 627.
Crevaux, Jules, explorer of Pilcomayo
river, XIX. 188.
CRfevE-CCEUR, fowl, XIX. 645.
Crevier, Jean Baptiste Louis, Frenek
■writer, vi. 575.
Crewe,- town, Engiand,'vi. 575.
Crewels, worsteds, xiv. 127.
Crex, genus of birds, XX. 222.
CribbaGE, game, vi. 575.
Cribl^ method of engraving, vill. 437.
Cricetus, genus of rodent mammals.
XL 433; XV. 419.
Crichton, James, The Admirable
Crichton, VL 577.
, Sir William, Scottish chancellor,
XXI. 493.
Cricket, game, vi. 578.
, insect, vi. 578; XIIL 152; mole
cricket, as wheat pest, XXIV. 534.
Cricklade, town, England, vi. 582:
representation,* XXJV. 594.
Crieff town Scotland, vi. 582; xviii.
667.
Crime, vi, 582; in primitive communi-
ties, vill. 624; in British atrmy, xvi.
299; juvenile, XX. 338; police action
in regard, to, xix. 334; punishment
of, XIX. 747; Roman law in relation
to, XX. 675.
Crimea, peninsula, Russia, vi. 585; III.
.796; population of, XXIII. 70; conquest
of^ by Russia(i77i), XXI. 100; annexed
by Russia (1783X xxiii. 647; ancient
plate found in, XIX. 182.
Crimean War (1854), xxin. 651; i.
46; VIII. 366; IX. 623; XVII. 228, 486;
XX. 220; XXI. 102; its influence on
C R I — C R O
117
Gc:jiany, x. 509; siege of Sebaatopol,
xx;. 616.
Criminal Courts, England, vi. 516.
Crlminalis, Antonio, Jesuit miBsionary,
XVI. 513.
Criminal Law, vi. 5S7; Feuerbacn on,
IX. 124.
Crimmitzschau, town, Saxony, vi.
590.
Crimson Dves, vii. 575; cochineal, vi.
97; kermes, XI v. 49.
Crim (or Krim) Tatars, xvi. 748;
xxii. 174.
Crinan Canal, Scotland, 11. 500.
Crinoidea, order of Echinodermata,
VII. 635.
Crisa, or Crissa, ancient to'wTU Greece,
VI. 590; xviii. 801.
Crisia Eburnea, epeciea 01 Polyzoa,
XiX. 438.
Crispin, Le Sage's drajna, xiv. 472.
AND CRISPINIAN, Sts, VI. 590.
Crispinus, satirized by Juvenal, Xlil.
805.
Crissa, ancient town, Qreecej vi. 590;
xviii. 801.
Cristatella Mucedo, species of
Polyaoa, XIX. 432.
Cristofano, Francesco di, Italian
painter, IX. 689.
Cristofori, Bartolomeo, inventor of
pianoforte, XVII. 94; XIX. 70.
Critias, Greek orator and poet, VI. 591;
on the development of man, VII I. 756.
, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 209.
Critic, The, Sheridan's play, xxi. 799.
Criticism, relation of Italian humanism
to, XX. 386.
Critique of Pure Reason, Kant's
work, XIII. S50.
PRITO, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 199.
GRIVELLI, Carlo, Venetian painter, VI.
591; XXI. 436.
, Uberto (Pope Urban III.), xxiv.
8.
Cri vets, north-east wind, in Roumania,
XXI. 15.
Croagh Patrick, mountain, Ireland,
XV. 650.
Croatia and Slavonia, crown-land,
Hungary, VI. 591.
Croats, race of people, xxi. 688; xxii.
14;.
Crobo, tribe and language, Gold Coast,
Africa, X. 756.
Croce; Pania della, mountain, Italy,
XII!. 438.
Crochet, looped thread wort, xiv. 127.
Crocin, red-colouring maiter, xxi.
146.
Crocket, in architecture, 11. 463.
Crocodile, reptile, Vi. 592; in Africa,
1.260; in Egypt, VII. 713; Aristotle
on, XX. 432.
■ (Limpopo), river, Sou/,h Africa, I.
250; XXIII. 517.
Crocodilia, order of reptiles, vi. 592;
XX. 439, 444; _ olfactory organs of,
XXII. 166; in Lankester's classification,-
XXIV. 812. See Crocodile.
Crocoisite, mineral, xvi. 403.
Crocus, plant, xii. 255.
'- , Autumn, plant, vi. 124.
CRCESUS,kingof Lydia,VL 594; n. 712;
XV. 99; overthro\vn by Cyrus, VI.
753 ; XVIH. 565.
Croft, WQliam, English musical com-
poser, VI. 594.
Crofters,' Scottish, XXI. 531 ; XXII.
127; in Orkney and Shetland, xviii.
847.
Crofting, in bleaching, iii. 820.
Crofton, Sir Walter, his system of
prison discipline, XIX. 754.
Crogan Palace, Roscommon, Ireland,
XX. 850.
Croghan Kinshela, mountain, Ire-
land, XXIV. 521.-
Croix-de-Rau (Kocroi), town, France,
KX. 616.
Croke, Richard, early EngUsh scholar,
VIII. 414.
Croker, John Wilson, English critic,
VI. 595.
, Thomas Crofton, Irish antiquary,
VI. 595.
Croll, James, on climate, x. 218.
Croly, George, English divine and poet,
VL 595.
Cromarty, county, Scotland, VL 596;
JiX.S53; XXI. 528; towa, VI. 596; XX.
854.
Crome, John, English painter, VI. 596;
XXI. 441, 444.
Cromlech, monumental stone or circle
of stones, VI. 597; IL 383; in. 397;
XXI. 51; in Cornwall, England, VI.
427; in Wiltshire, England, III. 144;
in Ireland, vii. 383; in Peru, II. 451.
Crommyonian Sow, of Greek legend,
xxiii. 294.
Crompton, Samuel, inventor of the
spinning mule, vi. 597, 496.
Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector of the
British Commonwealth, VI. 597; vill.
347, 348; his rule in Ireland, XIII.
267; his invasion of Scotland, XXI.
514; his relations with Presbyteriau-
isra, XIX. 689; Milton's relations with,
XVI. 332.
, ITiomas, earl of Essex, vi. 604;
VIII. 334; XI. 664.
Cronion, sacred hiU, Olympia, Greece,
XVII. 768.
Cronstadt, Xavm, Austria, vi. 608.
, town, Rus3ia,'-VI. 607.
Cronstedtite, mineral, XVI. 414.
Cronus, of Greek legend, XXI. 320.
Crooked Lake, New Tork, U.S.A.,
XVII. 451.
Crookesite, mineral, xvi. 392; xxiii.
219.
Croomen, or Croos, Negro race, West
Africa, Xiv. 149.
Crops, Agricultural, i. 354; in Middle
Ages, L 294 ; , rotation of, I. 340 :
Liebig's chemical analysis o4_Xlv.
567.
Croquet, out-door game, vi. 608.
Croquis, Alfred (Daniel , Maclise),
Scottish painter, XV. 165.
Crosbie, aeronaut, l. 191.
Crosby's StSam Indicator, xxii.
490.
Crosier, or Crqzier, archbishop's staff,
VI. 463, 614.
Cross, instrument for inflicting capital
punishment, VI. 610 ; sacred symbol,
VI. 612 ; supposed relics of Christ's, VI
611; stigmati2ation of, XXII. 549.
, in architecture, II. 463.
, in heraldry, xi. 695.
Cross-Bearings, of the sun, in naviga-
tion, XVII. 271.
Crossbill, bird, vi. 6 14;. migrations of,
III. 769.
Cross-Bred Sheep, i. 393.
Crosses, Sculptured, English, XXl. 557
Crossing of Breeds, of animals, iv.
246, 250.
Crossing the Brook, Turner's
picture, 3iXIII. 666.
Crossley's Observatory, Bermerside.
England, xvii. 711.
Crossopus, genus of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 4cr5; XXI. 844.
CroSSORHINUS, genus of sharks, XKl.
775-
CrossrXgwell, Abbot of, his disputa-
tion with Knox, XI Vi 132.
Cross - Staff, astt-onomical am'
nautical instrument, xvii. 251, 254
use of, in finding latitude, X. 187.
Crotalid^E, 'family of snakes, <XXli
193, 198.
Crotalus, genus of snakes, XX. 293
XXII. 198.
Crotch, William, English musical com-
poser, VI. 615; XVIL 97.
CROTONA,'or Croton, ancient town, Italy,
VI. 615; P)'thagoras at, XX. 138.
Croton Aqueduct, New York, U.S.A..
II. 223; XVII. 465; tunnel, XXIII.
624.
Croton Oil, vi. 615; xvi:. 7.14.
Crouchb.\ck, Edmund, earl. of Lan-
caster, XIV. 255.
Croup, disease, VI. 616; spasmodic,
xxiii. 320.
Crousaz, Jean Pierre de. Swiss philo-
sopher, VI. 617; xxii. 798.
Crow, bird, vi. 617; XX. 842.
Crowborcugh Beacon, Sussex, Eng
land, XXII. 723.
Crowd, musical instrument, xxiv. 242
Crowe, Eyre Evans, Engljsh hjstorian.
VI. 619.
Crowland, town, England, VI. 6^9
abbey of, XIV. 656; Jji'idge at, iv.'3'\i.
CpoWN, of king or emperor, VI. 619.
, in heraldry, xi. 71a
118
C R O — C U E
Crown, Demosthenes's oratioa on the,
vu. yi.
, The British, prerogatives of, XViii.
310; XIX. 672.
Imperial, plant, xii. 255.
Lands, in England, vni. 298.
Crows, American-Indian tribe, XII.
832.
Crowther, Samuel, Negro bishop,
XVII. 49S; XXIV. 754.
Croydon, town, England, VL 621; XXII.
694.
Croyland, or Crowland (j.».), town,
England, vi. 619; bridge at, rv. 331.
Croz.^t, Antoine, settler in Louisiana,
U.S.A., XV. 22.
Crozier, archbishop's staff, VI. 463,
614.
Cruchade, kind of porridge, used in
Gascon)', France, XVIII. 476.
Crucible Melting Furnace, ix. S43.
Crucible Steel, xni. 342.
Crucifix, vi. 612.
Crucifixion, vi. 610; of Jesua Christ,
xni. 660, 669.
Cruden, Alexander, author of Concord-
ance to Bible, VI. 621.
Cruikshank, George, English carica-
turist, V. 105.
, William, on the anatomy of the
lymphatic system, I. 815.
Cruisers, Iron-clad, xvii. 286.
Crum, AValter, of Thomliebank, pn the
chemistry of dyeing, vil. 580.
Crumen Gland, of antelopes and deer,
XV. 348.
Crumlin Viaduct, Wales, iv. 336.
Crujin, king of Bulgaria, xvii. 4S1.
Crujiwell, or Cromwell (j.v.), Thomas,
earl of Essex, VI. 604.
Crunode, in geometry, XXII. 66g.
Cruoninga (Groningen), ancient town,
Holland, XI. 207.
Crusaders, Coins of the, xvii. 658.
Crus.\DES, VI. 622 ; XVL 588 ; their
economic effects, XIX. 352; England's
share in them, Vill. 296; their
influence, on Egypt, VII. 752; on
France, IX. 537; on the Greek empire,
XI. 118; on the mOitary system of
Euroije, II. 564; connexion of knights
witli, XIV. 115; XXIII. 160; in rela-
tion to geographical knowledge, X.
178; to the popedom, XIX. 499;
effects of the first in Asia Minor, II.
713; St Bernard's preaching of the
second, III. 603; under Richard I. of
England, XX 540; Joinville's History
of, XIII. 734; Villehardouin's chronicle
of the fifth, XXIV. 229.
Crtisading Orders, of knighthood, in
Spnin, XXII. 316.
Crusca, Accademia della, I. 73.
Crusenstolpe, Magnus Jakob, Swedish
historian, Vi. 632; XXII. 758.
Crusius, Christian August, German
theologian, VI. 632
I Crustacea, class of animals, vi. 632;
XVII. 116; embryology of, XX. 419;
organs of touch in, XXIII. 478 ; dis-
tEibution of, VH. 278, 283; parasites
of, XVIII. 259; in Lankestei-'s classi-
fication, XXIV. 813
Cruveilhier, Jean, French anatomist,
VI. 667; I. 8 16.
Cruz, Juan de la, Spanish mystic, vi.
667; xxu. 359.
, Eamon de la, Spanish dramatist,
VI. 667.
Crying, abnormal form of respiration,
XX. 479.
Cryolite, mmeral, vi. 667 ; xvi. 384;
XXII. 240.
Soda, xxii. 244.
Cryophorus, freezing apparatus, Vlll.
73'-
Cryophyllite, mineral, XVI. 413.
Crypt, in architecture, vi. 667 ; 11. 463.
Cryptobr-anchus, genus of Amphibia,
I-759-
Cryftodira, group of chelonian
reptUes, xxni. 457.
Cryftogamous Plants, iv. 92, 140,
157-
Cryptogams, Cellular, xiV. 552; vas-
cular, XX. 426.
Cryptography, writing in cipher, vi.
66g ; 'Wheatstone's contributions to,
XXIV. 538.
Cryptolite, mineral, xvi. 403.
Cryptopia, vegetable alkaloid, xvii.
232.
CryptOPROCTA, genus of carnivorous
mammals, XV. 170, 435.
Crypturi, group of birds, xviii. 45;
xxill. 403.
Crystal, or Flint Glass, Manufacture
of, X. 663.
Crystalline Plates, Colour? of,
XXIV. 450.
Crystallization, of rocks, x. 259.
CRYSTALLOOR.A.PHY, VI. 671; XVI. 346;
HaiLy's contributions to, XI. 523 ;
Mitscherlfch's, xvi. 531.
Crystal Palace, London, viii. 803;
XIV. S36; architecture of, II. 453.
Crystals, vi. 671; xiv. 613; xvl 346;
magnetism of, XV. 265 ; uniaxal and
biaxal, XIV. 613; XXIV. 449.
CsOKONAl, Mihaly Vitez, Hungarian
poet, VI. 677; XII. 377.
CsoMA DE KOROS, Alexander, Hun-
garian philologist, VI. 677; XXIII. 346.
Ctenidiobranchia, suborder of M0I-'
luBca, XVI. 645, 655.
CtenodrilUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
Ctenolabrus, genus of fishes, xxiv.
686.
Ctenophor.1, group of animals, I. 131;
XII. 547, 565 ; in Lankester's classi-
fication, XXIV. 812.
Ctenostoma, group of Polyzoa, XIX.
437-
CteSIAS, Greek physician and liistorian.
VI. 677 ; on the topogi-aphy c!
Babylon, III. 182 ; on the Medo-
Persian empire, xviii. 561 ; on
Semiramis, XXI. 639.
Ctesibius, inventor of forcing pump,
XII. 435.
Ctesiphon, ancient town, Assyria, vi.
677; XVI. 51; siege of (199), xvni.
605.
, friend of Demosthenes, L 208;
VII. 71.
Cuba, island. West Indies, Vl 678;
XXIL 298; XXIV. 510; freshwater
fishes of, XII. 674 ; forests, IX 406;
slavery in, XXII. 142.
, Johannes de, on birds, XV ill. 3.
Cuban, mineral, XVI. 393
Cubature of Solids, in calculus, xiii.
53-
Cube, in geometry, x. 388.
Cubebs, in pharmacy, VI. 683.
Cube Root, in algebra, i. 52^ ; in
arithmetic, 11. 533.
Cubes, Tables of, xxili. 8.
Cub Hunting, xii. 396.
Cubics, Twisted, in geometry, X. 407.
Cubic Surfaces, in geometry, xxii.
670.
CUBICULA, in the Catacombs, V. 210.
Cubit, measure of length, xxiv. 483
Cu"bitt, Thomas, London builder, vi.
683.
, Sir William, English engineer v).
683.
Cltbranovic, Andrew, Ragusan poet,
XXI. 690.
CUCA, plant, VI. 684; xviii. ^73.
Cucking Stool, lor punishment, Xix.
96.
CUCKMERE, river, England, XXII 723.
Cuckoo, or Cuckow, bird, vi. 685; fii
769.
, Ode to the, its authorship, IV.
393-
Cuckoo-Spit, insect, Xlll. 153
CircKOW, bird, vi. 685; HI. 769.
CucuLLANUS, genus of nematode worms,
xvir. 325.
CucuMBER,vcgetablc, VI. 687; XII. 282.
, Squirting, plant, vi. 688; Vll. 825.
Tree, xv. 2^3.
CucuMiS, genus of plants, v. 687; xv.
841.
CucuRBlTA, genus of plants, XI. 4; xii.
283.
Cudbear, dyestuff, 11. 379; xiv. 559.
CUDDALOR, town, India, VI. 688; 11.
478.
CUDDAPAH, distrfct, India, VI. 689.
CUDWORTH, Ralph, English philo-
sopher, VI. 6S9 ; his ethical system,
VIII. 597; anti-evolutionist, Vin. 759.
CUELEN, Ludolph van, German mathe-
matician, XXII. 434
CUENCA, province, Spain,. VI. 692; XXU.
29S ; town, VI. 692.
C U E— C U R
119
CuENCA, town, Ecuador, VI. 692.
CUERNAVACA, to-nii, Mexico, XVI. 214.
CuEVA, Juan de la, Spanish dramatist,
XXII. 356.
CUFA, town, Persia, xvi. 564, S7a
CUIABA, or Cuyaba, town, Brazil, VI.
742.
CUIJA, lake, San Salvador, xxi. 268.
CuiLLlNS, mountains, Skye, Scotland,
XXII. 127.
Cuirass, defensive armoor, vi. 692.
Cuirassiers, cavalry, v. 263.
CUISINIER, bird, xviii. 106.
CUJAS, or Cujaciuii, Jacques de, French
jurisconsult, VI. 693.
CULDEES, order of ecclesiastics, VI. 693;
in Scotland, I. 46; XVIII. 667; XXI.
477-
CuLEBRA Island, West Ifldies, xxiv.
261.
CULEX, poem, attributed to Virgil, XXIV.
251.
, genne of insects, X, 700; XVL 866.
Culiacan, town, Mexico, XVl. 214.
Culinary Appliances, vi. 332.
CULLEN, 'William, Scottish pathologist,
VI. 694; XV. 813.
Cullender, Rose, Suffolk witch, xxiv.
621.
Cullera, town, Spain, vi. 696.
CULLEV, Messrs, their improvamenta in
agriculture, I. 303.
CULLODEN, Scotland, Battle of (1746),
VI. 696, 705; V. 427; vni. 355; XXL
526.
Culm, or Anthracite d-v.), coal, 11. 106.
Culmbach, town, Bavaria, XIV. 154.
Culna (Kalna), town, Bardwan district,
India, XIIL 829.
(Khulna), town, Jessor district,
India, XIV. 67.
Culpable Homicide, crime, xvil 53.
CULPEE (KalpiX town, India, Xlll. 830.
CULROSS, village, Scotland, xvill. 667.
Cultivator, Steam, agricultural imple-
ment, L 315.
ulture, its influence on language, IL
120; XVIIL 769.
Culvert, wide and short drain, iv.
284.
CUM^ or Cuma, ancient Greek colony,
Italy, VI. 696; coins of, xvii. 637.
CUMANA, town, Venezuela, VI. 696.
CUMANI, or Comans, Turkish tribes,
XXL 16; xxm. 660.
CUMARA Nxrr, xvii. 664.
Cumberland, county, England, vi.
696 ; population and representation,
XXIII. 727; the ancient Cumbria, xxi.
479; coalfield of, VL 52; plumbago
mines, XIX. 231.
•^^, town, Maryland, U.S.A., VI. 700;
XV. 603.
, river, Tennessee, U.S.A., XXIII.
177-
, 'William Augustias, duke of,
English general, vi. 705; xxi. 520.
Cumberland, Richard, bishop of Peter-
borough, VI. 700; ethics of, viii. 598.
, Richard, English dramatist, vi.'
702; VI I. 438.
Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.,
XIX. 700; xxiv. 829.
Cumbraes, islands, Scotland, rv. 579.
Cumbria, ancient district, England,
xxi. 479.
Cumin, or Cummin, plant, vi. 706.-
CUM.MiNG, Roualeyn Gordon, African
traveller and hunter, VI. 706.
Cummings, of malt, IV. 269.
Cunapiru, town, Uruguay, XXIV. 15.
CuNARD, Sir Samuel, founder of line of
steamships, VL 706.
Cunaxa, Babylonia, Battlaof (401 B.a),
VI. 753; xviiL 577.
Cunctator (Fabius Maximus), Roman
general, viii. 836; XL 442.
CtlNDWAH (Khandv/a), town, India, XIY.
57-
CUNEATOR, officer of the mint, xvi.
480.
Cuneiform 'Writing, vl 707; l 604;
XIII. 114; inventors of, III. 184;
Grotef end's decipherment of, XI. 217.
Cunene, river, Africa, I. 254.
CuNEO, or Coni, town, Italy, vi. 272.
CUNINGHAM, 'WUliam, English carto-
grapher, XVII. 253.
CUNixz, Maria, German astronomer,
VI. 707.
CUNNINGHAM, district, Ayrshire, Scot-
land, III. 163.
, AHan, Australian botanist and
explorer. III. 104, no.
, Allan, Scottish writer, VI. 707.
, J. ^., his observations on Molluscs.
XVI. 658.
, Peter, English miscellaneous
writer, VI. 707.
, 'WUliam, Scottish theolc^an and
ecclesiastic, VI. 708.
CUPAR-FIFE, town, Scotland, VI. 708.
Cupellation, method of separating
metals, II. 725; Xiv. 376.
Cupel Mould, in assaying, 11. 726.
Cupel-Silver, xxii. 70.
Cupid, Roman god (the Greek Eros), VI.
708; VIII. 527.
CupoL.^, or Dome, in architecture, vii.
347; II. 463.
Cupping, surgical operation, vi. 709.
CUPREINE, vegetable alkaloid, XX. i8{.
Cupressus, genus of trees, VI. 745.
Cuprite, mineral, vi. 347; xvl 385.
Cuproplumbite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Cups, Ancient Greek and Roman, XIX.
180, 614, 618.
CURACA, Peruvian chief, xviii. 678.
CURA90A, or Cura9ao, island, 'West
Indies, VI. 709 ; population, XXIV.
510.
, Uqueur, XIV. 687.
CuRARAY, river. South America, vii.
646.
CURASSOW, bird, VI. 709.
CURATE, VI. 709; perpetual, XXIV. 209,
Curator, in law, xiii. i.
CuRCAS Purgans, species of plants,
XVII. 665.
CURCHOD, Suzanne, Madame Necker,
X. 574; XVII. 312.
CuRCULlONlDiE, family of insects, XXI\1
477-
Curcumin, colouringmatterof turmeric
XXIII. 662.
CURCUNNO, France, Cromlech at, XXI.
51-
Curd, of nulk, xvl 304.
Cur Deus Homo, work by Ansplm, il
92.
Cure, river, France, xvii. 495.
CUREPIPE, town, Mauritius, XV. 640.
Cures, ancient town, Italy, VI. 71a .
Gureton; 'William, English Orientalist,
VI. 710.
Curetonian Gospels, Syriac recen-
sion, XXII. 824.
Curfew, bell, vl 710; in. 538.
Curia, ancient Roman tribal division,
VI. 710; xvii. 527; XX. 732.
, Roman senate-house, xix. 815.
CukiALls, Roman official, VL 710.
Curia Regis, English court, vi. 517.
Curia Romana, papal court, vl 711;
XIX. 497.
CURiATii, Alban brothers, opponents 01
the Horatii, XII. 166.
CURICO, province, ChOi, V. 617.
Curing, mode of preserving food, xix.
70S; of bloaters, IX. 253; of herrings,
IX. 259; of pilchards, IX. 254.
Curiosities of Literature, leaae
lyisraeH's work; vii. 260.
Curlew, bird, vl 711.
Curling, game, vi. 712.
CURRAGH, plain, with military Oftmp^
KUdare, Ireland, vi. 714.
CURRAN, John Philpot, Irish Orator, vi.
714.
Currants, fruit, vi. 715; xi. 88; red,
white, and black, xii. 270; culture of,
in Zante, xxiv. 767.
Currency, or Current Money, its early
forms, XVI. 722 ; depreciation of,
IX. 178; in relation to exchange, viiL
788; bank notes as. III. 320; paper
(greenbacks), in U.S.A. (1S62), XXlll.
775; Locke's observations on, xiv.
754; Ricardo's, XX. 534.
Currents, as distinguished from wave?^
XXIV. 416; hydraulic theory of, XIL
468; of the ocean, X. 283; in naviga-
tion, XVII. 275; of the Atlantic, III.
18; of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus,
III. 798; of the Indian Ocean, XIL 821;
of the Pacific, xviii. 117.
Currer Bell (Charlotte Bronte),
English novelist, IV. 365.
Currie, James, Scottish physician and
critic, VI. 715.
Curry, condiment, vi. 715.
120
C U R — C Y M
CURR\1NG, in leather manufacture, Xiv.
386.
Curse-Oath, xvii. 69S.
Cursing, La^vs against, iii. S07.
Cursive Writing, xviii. 149; xxiii.
6S2; Latin, xviii. 154.
Curtis, Mrs, wife of George Washington,
XXIV. 38S.
Curtius, Mettus, Roman legendary
hero, VI. 716.
, RUFUS, Quintus, biographer of
Alexander the Great, VI. 716.
CuRUEAS, fruit of passion-flower, xvili.
343-
Curvature, in geometry, xiii. 26; in
conic sections, vi. 283; of spherical
surfaces, XV. 659.
Curve, Curves, vi. 716; x. 395, 419;
XV. 630; XXIV. 86; in integral cal-
culus, XIII. 50; in relation to surface,
XXII. 668; Pliicker on intersections
of, his sue equations, XIX. 229; Des-
cartes's application of algebra to, XIII.
6; tidal, XXIII. 366, 370.
Curvilinear Coordinates, xxii.
671.
Curwen, John, promoter of the tonic
sol-fa musical notation, xvii. ico.
Curzola, tovm, Austrian Dalmatia, vi.
728; battle of (1298), XIX. 406.
Cusa, Nicolas de (Cusanus), cardinal and
Reformer, vi. 72S; XX. 323.
Cuscus, genus of marsupial mammals,
XVIII. 728.
Cuscuta, genus of plants, vii. 320.
CuscutacEjE, parasitic plants, xvili.
264.
Gush, of Scripture, vi. 729; xvil.
511.
CusH.vT, ring-dove, vii. 379.
CusHiTES, of Scripture, XXIV. 738; xvii.
511.
Cusp, in architecture, II. 463.
, of a curve, xxil. 669.
Cusso, or Kousso, drug, XIV. 145.
Custard Apple, vi. 729.
Custom, in law, xiv. 362; XIX. 705.
Houses, vi. 729.
Customs Duties, vi. 729.
Customs of the Sea, book of mari-
time ordinances, vi. 31S.
CusTOS RoTULORUM, keeper of records,
VI. 730.
CUSTRIN, tovra, Prussia, Xiv. 162.
CUSUM.^NO, Vito, Italian economist,
XIX. 395.
CUTCH, state, India, vi. 730; Ran, Eunn,
or Lake of, IV. 22; vi. 730.
, or Catechu, vegetable extract V.
220; XIV. 382.
, Goldbeater's, X. 753.
• Gundava, district, Baluchistan,
VI. 732.
Cuthbert, St, bishop of Lindisfame,
England, vi. 732 ; xvn. 570 ; his
labours in Lothian, xv. 10 ; xxi.
475; his tomb at Durham, VII. 562.
Cuticle, or Epidermis, Anatomy of
the, I. 897.
Cutlerv, VI. 733; EnglUh, xxi. 787;
Indian, XII. 762.
Cuttack, district ana towa, India, v.
242; XVII. 845.
Cutter, boat, xxi. 825.
Cutthroat, bird, xxiv. 463.
Cuttings, Railway, x.x. 232.
Cuttle-Bone, for polishing, xxi.
666.
CUTTLE-FlSH, VI. 735; XVI. 670.
Cutwa (Katwa), town, Bengal, India,
XIV. 15.
Cut-Water, bird, xxil. 120.
Cu\'!ER, Georges (Baron Cuvier), French
naturalist, VI. 740; on birds, XVIII. 7;
on Buffon's theories of the tmiverse,
IV. 445; on classification and morpho-
logy, XVI. 838 ; his classification of
animals, XXI v. 806; of reptiles, XX.
435 ; on evolution, VIII. 749 ; on
ichthyology, XII. 633.
CUXHAVEN, town, Germany, vi. 742 ;
XI. 404.
CUVABA, town, Brazil, vi. 742.
CUY-COCHA, lake, Ecuador, VII. 646.
CUVP, Albert, Dutch painter, vi. 742;
his connexion with A'^an der Neer,
XVII. 314.
, Jacob Gerritsz, Dutch painter, vi.
742.
Cu\'UNl, river, British Guiana, XI. 250.
CuzA, Alexander John, prince of
Roumania, XXI. 21.
CUZCO, town, Peru, VI. 744; XVIII. 675;
ancient fortresses at, 11. 452; pilgrim-
age to temple at, XIX. 92.
CwM-HiR, abbey, Wales, XX. 217.
Cyanates, in chemistry, XX. 25 ; of
ammonia, xxiv. n.
CVANECULA, genus of birds, xx. 31 8.
Cyanic Acid, xx. 25; Wohler's dis-
covery of, XXIV. 626.
Cyanide of Hydrogen (Prussic Acid),
V. 554; XX. 23.
Cyanides, Analysis of, XX. 24; metallic,
V. 554; methyl, XVI. 197.
Cyanite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Cy'ANOGEN, in chemistry, v. 554; XX.
22 ; Gay-Lussac's experiments on, X.
r23.
Cyanometer, Saussure's invention of
the, XXI. 324.
Cyanosis, facial deformity, xvi. 765.
Cyanospiza, genus of birds, xvn. 534.
Cy.\NURUS, genus of birds, xill. 6u.
Cy.-^THEA, genus of tree-ferns, XXIII.
534
Cyaxares, Median king, xvm. 363;
XXI. 577.
Cybele, in Greek mythology, vi. 744;
XV. 99, 294; xviii. 853; worship of,
XVIII, 6gi ; statue of, at Rome, XX.
821.
Cybo, Innocent, Florentine cardinal, XV.
789.
CVBULSKI, Prof., Polish writer, AIX.
305-
CycadaceA, order of plants, xxiv. 131.
Cyclades, group of islands, Greece, VI.
744; coins of the, xvn. 644.
Cyclamen, greenhouse plant, XII. 263.
Cyclas, genus of MoUusca, xvi. 695.
Cycle, Metonic, in astronomy, II. 747;
IV. 668; other cycles, IV.' 669, 670.
Cyclic Poems, Greek, XL 137.
Cycling, velocipede riding, in. 665;
XXIII. 559.
Cycloid, Quadrature of the, Pascal's,
XVIIL 338.
Cyclomyaria, suborder of Tunicata
XXIII. 615.
Cyclones, areas of low atmospheric
pressure. III. 33; VI. 7; XVI. 129, 154;
at sea, xvn. 276; of Asia, IL 690;
XV. 189; in Polynesia, XIX. 421; in
the West Indies, XXIV. 511.
CYCLOP.EDIA, or Encyclopsedia (}.».),
VIII. 190.
, American, vin. 204; XX. 568.
, Chambers's (1728), VIII. 196.
, English, VIII. 204.
, Penny, VIII. 204;'xiv. 856.
CvcLOPE.\N Masonry, in archeology,
II. 346, 401 ; remains of, in Ithaca,
xin. 517.
Cyclopes, in Greek mythology, vr. 744:
II. 346.
Cyclops, Euripides's satyrie drama
VIII. 678.
, monster, xvi. 764.
Cyclopterus, genus of fishes, xv. 65.
Cyclorhapha, group of insecUs, vii.
256.
CyclostoMA. suborder of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
, genus of snails, xxil. 187.
Cvclostomata, subclass of fishes, xil.
694.
CyclotURUS, genus of edentate mam-
mals, XV. 386.
Cycnus, of Greek legend, XIX. 559.
Cydnus, river, Asia Minor, n. 709; v.
777-
CVDONIA, genus of trees, xx. 1S2.
CYDONIUM EOSASTER, snecica lif
sponges, XXII. 414.
Cygnet, young of the swan, xxii. 731.
CvgNUS, genus of birds, XXIL 731
Cylinder, in geometry, x. 417 ;
mensuration of, xvi. 25; Archimedea
on, II. 380; Screnus on, xxi. 675.
, of steam-engine, behaviour of
steam in, xxil. 487; strength of, XXII.
606.
Printing Presses, xxiii. 706.
Cylix, ancient Greek vase, XIX. 614.
Cylon. Athenian insurgent, III. 2; XI.
96
Cymbalum Mundi, of Bonaventure
des Periers, ix. 65.
Cymbulia, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 665,
666.
C Y W—B M D
121
^^VMENE, hydrocarbon' found in oils,
XVII. 748.
CyhophaN'", mineral, XA"I. 386.
CvMRl, or Cymry (q.v.), IV. 352.
CVMRIC L.^NGUAGE AND LITERATURE,
XX. 642.
CVMRY, branch of the Celtic family, II.
651; IV. 352; V. 300.
CvNANCHE Parotid.«.\, disease, XVII.
22.
CVNEGETICA, Oppian's poem, xii. 393;
XVII. 797,
CvNEWULF, Anglo-Saxon writer, viii.
403.
CvNiCS, school of Greek philosophy, vi.
745; II. 137; XXI. 379; XXII. 562;
ethics of, VIII. 578.
CvNOCEPHALirs, genua 01 apes, II. 152;
XV. 476.
Cynogale, species of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 436.
Cynoidea, section of Camivora, XV. 437.
CVNOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
XV. 418, 560.
CVNOPHONTIS, Greek festival, XIV. 678.
CvNOFf ERUS, genus of bata, XV. 409.
Cynoscephal.e, Greece, Battle of (197
B.C.), IX. 288; XX. 752; XXIII. 222 ,2991
Cynthia, mistres.s of Properties, xix.
812
Cynthiid.*, family of Tumcata, xxill.
)I7.
Cynthius (Giovanni Battista Giraldi),
Italian novelist, X. 620.
Cyperus Babylonicus, aromatic drug,
X. 17.
Cyperus Papyrus, paper reed, xvui.
23'''.
Cyperus-Root Oil, xvii. 744.
Cyphophthalmides, family of Arach-
nida, 11. 279.
Cvpr/EA Moneta. cowry-shell mollusc,
VI. 535.
Cy-Pres, in law, vi. 745.
Cypress, tree, vi. 745; culture of, 11.
320; in United States, XXIII. 809.
CvPRESSE Grove, Drummond's work,
vii. 481.
Cyprian, bishop of Carthage vi. 746;
his co:i:cption of the episcipate, v.
701; VIII. 487.
likhop of Kiaibis, Syriac 'writer,
XXII. 844.
Dialect, of Greek, XL 133.
CVPRIKE, mineral, XVi. 410.
CVPRIPEDIUM, genus of orchids, XVII.
818.
Cyprus, island, Mediterranean, vi. 747;
KV. 820; X.XIII. 653; its connexion
\i-ith Phoenicia, XVIII. 805; coins .of,
XVII. 648; captured by the Turks
(1570-71), XXIII. 644; ceded to Eng-
land, XXIII. 652; Cj'prian dialect, XI.
'33-
CVPSELUS, genus of birds, XXII. 760.
, Cli'^st nf, e.irly Greek sculpture, 11.
M7; VI. 197.
Cyranc- de Bergerac, on travelling
to the moon, I. 186.
Cvrenaica, district, Africa, vi. 750.
Cyrenaics, school of Greek philo-
sophers, VI. 750; II. 506; their philo-
sophical system, XXI. 379; its relation
to Epicureanism, VIII. 475.
CVRENE, ancient town, Africei, VI. 750;
XXIII. 280; coins of, XVII. 651.
Cyriacus, patriarch of the Jacobites,
Syriac \VTiter, XXII. 842.
CVRIL, St, bishop of Jerusalem, VI. 751;
his canon, v. 10.
, St, early missionary to the Slavs,
XVI. 194^
, bishop of Turoff, Russian sermon-
writer, XXI. 103.
of Alexandria, vi. 751; opponent
of Nestorius, XVII. 353.
of Berytus, Byzantine jurist, VI.
752.
LUCARIS, patriarch of Constan-
tinople and reformer of the Greek
Church, XI. 158; I. 496.
Cyrillic Alphabet, i. 613.
Cyrillona, Syriac writer. XXII. 828
Cyrillus. See Cyril.
Cyril Thornton, novel bv Thomas
Hamilton, XI. 416.
Cyrop.-edia, Xenophon's work, XXIV.
721; VL752.
Cvrrhestica, Syria, coins of, XVII.
649.
Cyrus, the Elder, founder of the Persian
empire, VI. 752; XVIII. 564; his con-
quest of Babylonia, III. 188; his re-
lations to the Jews, XIII. 417; his re-
ligious policy, xin. 384; his tomb, at
Jlurgab, II. .399; XVIII. 558, 567.
, tlie Younger, Persian satrap, V!.
753; XVIIL 576.
Cyst For.mations, in human body,
XVIII. 365.
Cysticercus Bovis, beef measle,
XXIII. 52; XXIV. 206.
Cystic Sarcom.\, disease, xviii. 369.
Cystidea, order of Echinodermata, vii.
638.
Cystitis, disease, xxiv. 188.
CysT0PH0R.\, genus of seals, XV. 444;
XXI. 581.
Cythera (Cerigo), island, Greece, V
346; xni. 205.
Cytherea, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 686.
CVTINACE/E, order of parasiti'' tilants,
XVIII. 265.
Cytisus, genus of trees, XIV. 179.
CVTODE, mass of jirotoplasm, I. 843.
CYT0CENE5IS, in plants, xii. 1.3.
CVZICUS, ancient town, Asia Minor, VI.
753; XVII. 122; coins of, XVII. 645;
siege 01, by Mithradates (74 B.C.),
XV. 56.
CZACKI, Tadeusz, Polish statesman and
writer, VI. 754.
CZAR, title of emperor of Russia, XXI.
92.
CZARTOP.YSKI, Adam George, Polish
prince and patriot, vi. 754; XIX. 298.
CZASLAU, town, Bohemia, VI. 754 ;
battle of (1742), III. I2V.
Czechs, Slavonic people, VI. 754; ir.
S61; XVI. 811; XIX. 285; XXII. 14;,
147, 151; their language and litera-
ture, III. S61 ; XXII. 151; dictiocaritj
of language, VII. 18S.
Czegled, town, Hungary, VI. 754.
CZENSTOCHOVA, Old and New, town:,
Poland, VI. 754.
CZERNA, river, Macedoma, XV. 136.
Czernowitz, town, Austria, vi. 755;
university of, XXIII. 852.
CZERNY, Karl, Austrian musical com-
poser and pianist, VI. 755.
GEbRGE, Tsrni George, or Kara-
georgevich, Servian leader, VI. 755;
XXI. 689.
Czerski, Johann, leader of the Catholie
Apostolic Christians, x. 444.
CzoLBE, Heinrich C, on evolution, Vlil.
767.
Y) the fourth letter of the alphabet,
•^> VI. 756.
DabchicK, bird, XI. 80.
Da CADORE(Titian,}.v.), Italian painter,
XXIII. 413.
Da Capo, musical term. Xvii. 87, 93.
Dacca, district and town, India, vi.
756.
Dace, fish, vi. 758; x'l. 692; xx, 5S2;
angling for, 11. 42.
Dacelo, genus of bird', xiv. 82.
DaCH, Simon, German hymn-writer,
XII. 587.
Dachstein, mountain, Austria, i. 628;
XXI. 241; XXII. 61.:,.
Daci.^, ancient country, Europe, vi. 758;
xxiv. 269; conquest of, by Trajan
(105), XXIII. 504.
Dacier, Andre, French scholai', VI. 759.
, Anne Lefevre, French scholar, VI.
759-
Da Costa, Isaak, Dutch poet and theo-
logian, VI. 759.
Dactylopsila, genus of marsupial
mammals, xviii. 729.
Dactylopterus, fish, IX. 352.
D'Adam, L'lale, grand-master of Knights
HospitsUers, XXI. 174.
Daddy Lo.N'G Legs, insect Xiii. 150;
as wheat pest, XXIV. 535.
Dadha, S}Tiac monk and writer, xxil.
830.
Dadh-isho, abbot of Mount Izla, Syriac
writer, XXII. 838.
Dadh-isho, of Seleucia, Syriac writer,
xxir. 830.
Dado, in architecture, II. 463.
D^DALA, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
Daedalus, in Greek legend, VI. 760; I.
185: II. 347.
. reef. Red Sea, XX. 316.
122
D ^ M — D A M
DAEMON, VII. 60; in Greek mythology,
XV. 477; of Socrates, XXII. 233.
Daffodil, plant, vi. 760.
Da Gama, Vasco, Portuguese navigator,
X. 57, 181; his expedition to India,
XII. 796.
D.\G.\NA, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi.
666.
Dagger, weapon, vi. 760; xxii. 800;
ancient, II. 553; 6i Albacete, Spain, i,
446.
D AG H EST AN, government, Asiatic Eussia,
VI. 760.
D'Agincourt, Jean BaptiAte, French
archaeologist, VI. 760.
Dagmar Cross, vi. 614.
Dago, island, Russia, Baltic Sea, xvil.
732-
Dacobert, king of Prance, IX. 530;
tomb of, at St Denis, XXI. 161.
DAGO>f, Philistine deity, VI. 761 ; xvill.
756.
Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mand(S,
French painter and physicist, VI. 761;
his contributions to photography,
xviil. 822.
Daguerreotype, vi. 761 ; xviii.
823.
D'AguesseaUj Henri Francois, chan-
cellor of France, VI. 761.
DaHjE, ancient Iranian nomada, XVlll.
588.
Dahhak b. KAiSjgovemorof Damascus,
XVI. 569.
Dahirah, province, Arabia, II. 255.
Dahl, Johann Christian, Norwegian
painter, VI. 762.
- — , Michael, Swedish painter, vi. 762.
_ — , Vladimir I vanovitch, Russian
•writer, VI. 762.
Dahlak, island. Red Sea, XX. 316.
Oahloren, Karl Fredrik, Swedish poet
and humoriat, vi. 763; xxii. 757.
Dahua, plant, VI. 763; XII. 255.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christian, Ger-
man historian, vi. 763.
DAHLSTjERNA,GunnoEurelius,Swedi£h
poet, VI. 764; XXII. 755.
Dahna, desert, Arabia, II. 24a
Daitomev, kingdom, West Africa, vi.
Dahshoor, or Dahshur, Egypt,
Pyramids of, II. 386; vil. 773; XX.
124.
Dai Butsu, colossal statue, Japan,
XVII. 229.
Daill6, Jean, French Protestant divine,
VI. 767.
CyAiLLY, Pierre, French cardinal, X.
549; XVIL 132; XX. 320; XXI. 431.
Daily News. London newspai)er, xvil.
419.
Daily TelegeapH, London newspaper,
XVII. 419.
Daimiel, town, Spain, VI. 767.
Daimio, territorial nobles of Japan,
XIII. 578, 583
Dainihonshi, Japanese history, xill.
587.
Dair al-Bahari, Egypt, Mummy vault
at, xvii. 22.
Dairy, vi. 768; treatment of milk in,
XVI. 304.
— — Breeds, of cattle, i. 388.'
Dais, in architecture, II. 463.
Daisy, plant, vi. 773.
Dajjal, Masih al, Mohammedan Anti-
christ, II. 126.
Dakar, town, Senegal, lAirica, XXl. 660.
Daker-Hen, bird, XX. 222.
Dakhel, pr Dakhila, oasis, Africa, xvii.
695.
Dakiki, Persian poet, IX. 225; xvill.
656.
Da-Kio (Mekong), river, Asia, XV. 832.
Dakota, Territory, U.S.A., VL 773;
population, XXIII. 802.
Dakotas, American Indians, xil. 827,
831.
DakshIN (Deccan, q.v.), India, vil. 18.
Shahbazpur, delta island, India,
XV. S30.
Dakshiputra (Panini), Sanskrit gram-
marian, XXI. 292.
Dalai-Lama, of Tibet, xiv. 230, 502;
XXIII. 343.
Dalbeattie, town, Scotland, xiv. 98.
Dalberg, Pripce of, patron of German
literature, VI. 774.
Dalbergia, genus of trees, XX. 851.
Daleurg, John of, bishop of Worms.
XX. 49a
Dal-Cais, dynasty of Irish kings, XIII.
253.
Dale, or Dahl, Vladimir Ivanovitch,
Russian wiiter, VI. 762.
D'Alembert, Jean le Bond, French
mathematician and philosopher, vi.
774; IX. 671; his connexion with the
Eucyclop^die, VIII. 197 ; on astro-
nomy, II. 759; on the motion of fluids,
XII. 437.
DalgaRNO, George, Scottish educational
writer, vL 776; on teaching deaf-
mutes, VII. 6.
Dalhousie, town. New Brtmswick,
XVII. 375.
, Marquis of, governor-general of
India, VI. 776; XII. 808.
Dali, Cyprus, Tablet of, VI. 75a
Dalimil, Chronicle of, Bohemian work,
XXIL 151.
Dalin, CQof von, Swedish poet, VI. 780;
XXIL 755.
Dalkeith, town, Scotland, vi. 780.
Dalkey Island, Irel^jid, vii. 494.
Dalla Bella, his magnetic researches,
XV. 237.
Dall«us (Jean DaiU^), French Pro-
testant theologian, VI. 767.
Dallas, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxni.
205.
Dalling and Bulwer, Lord, British
diplomatist, vi. 780.
Dalmatia, crown land. Austria, vi
783; wine'industry of, XXl v. 6ia
, Duke of (Soult), French general,
XXIL 279.
Dalmatian Dog, vii. 33a •
Dalmatic, ecclesiastical vestment, VI
462.
Dalmau, town, India,' XX. 222.
Dalmeny Park, Linlithgow, Scotland,
XIV. 670.
Dalriaus, Celtic race, in Ireland, Xlll.
247; in Scotland, xxi. 473, 477.
Dalrymple, Sir David (Lord Hailes),
Scottish lawyer and historian, XL 374;
XXII. 446.
, G. E., explorer of Australian eoaat,
III. 107.
, Sir Hew, Scottish lawyer, XXII.
446.
— , James, first Viscount Stair. Scot-
tish jurist, XXII. 444.
, Sir James, Scottish antiquary, XXII.
446.
, JanetjBride of Lammermoor, }(XII
444.
, Thomas, Scottish physician, XXII.
446.
Dalsgaard, Danish painter, vii. 94.
Dalton, John, English physicist, VI.
784; his atomic theory, v. 465; on the
specific gravity of air. III. 386.
Daltonism, or Colour BlindnesB, vl
7841 VIII. 824.
D'alton's Law, of gases, vl 785, XTi
611.
Daly, Robert, bishop of Kildaie, xiii.
265.
Dalyell, Sir John Graham, his
aquarium, II. 217.
Dam, reservoir, xxiv. 406.
Damad Ali, Turkish vizier, XXIII. 646.
Damages, in law, vl 787.
Daman, Syrian hyrax. mnmnml, xii.
598.
Damaraland, district. South Africa,
XI. 731; languages of, XXIV. 828.
Damaras, race. South Africa, their
totems, XXIIL 468.
Damarmenus, fisherman, in Greek
mythology, XVUI. 480.
Damas (Damask, q.v.). cloth, jcxiu. 210.
Damascening, or Damaskeening, is
metal work, vl 793; XIIL 81 ; xvi.
78; of sword blades, VL 733; XXII. 803.
Damascenus, Johannes, theologian,
early Greek Church, vi. 789.
, Nicolaus, Greek historian, VL 790.
Damascius, Neoplatonic philosopher,
VL 790; XVIL 338.
Damascus, ancient kingdom, xili. 406.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxilL
653.
, town, Syria, vi. 790; XXTL 822;
taken by the Arabs (635), IL 257;
XVI. 562; as capital of Demetrius IIL
of Syria, xvill. 595; mosque of,-XVl.
865.
D A M — D A R
123
Damascus Steel, vi. 793.
Damascus Ware, xix. 620.
DaM.-VSK, clotll, VI. 792; XXIV. 464;
Persian, x.Mli. 20S, 210; manufactvire
of, at Dunfermline, Scotland, VII. 542.
Damaskeening, or Damascening (q-v.),
VI- 793-
Damask Steel, vi. 793.
Damasus I., pope, VI. 793 ; XIII. 630;
XIX. 490.
II., pope, VI. 793.
Damaun, town, India, vi. 793.
Damavand, mountain, Persia, XV. 651;
xviii. 619.
D'Amboise, George, Fre-icli cardinal,
VI- 793-
Dambonite, volatile body in caoutchouc,
XII. 840.
Dambovitza, river, Eoiimania, XXI.
14.
Damdama (Dmndmn), tow-n, India, VII.
525; XXIII. 673.
Dy\Ml, Giuliano, Florentine courtier, XV.
793-
DAMlAi(De\miotta), town, Egypt, vi. 794.
Damiehs, Robert Francois, a-'sailan't of
Louis X"\'. of France, vi. 794.
Damietta, town, Egypt, vi. 794; vii.
768; siege of (1219), XXIII. 162.
Damiri, Arabian naturalist, vi. 794;
XVI. 597.
Damiron, Jc.in Philibert, French philo-
sojihical writer, VI. 795.
Dammar, or Danuuer, resin, vi. 795.
Damme, Thoma."!, Longevity of, XIV.
858.
Damnum absque Injuria, in law, vi.
789.
Damocles, corn-tier of Dionysins, vi.
795-
Damodar, coal and ironstone fields,
India, XI I. 737.
Damon, friend of Pythias, vi. 795.
Dampier, AVilliam, English navigator,
VI. 795; his discoveries in Australasia,
III. 103.
Dampnes.s, Jlc-vsure of, xii. 569.
Damson, variety of pluni, xix. 230.
Dan, town, Jud.-va, vi. 796.
, Trilje of, XIII. 401.
Dana, river, Africa, I. 255.
, family of eminent Americana, VI.
796.
, James Dwight, on amber in
America, I. 659; on the Atlantic basin,
III. 16.
, Richard Henry, American author,
VI. 796; I. 723.
Danae, mother of Perseus, VI. 797; XVIII.
560.
Danalite, mineral, XVI. 411.
Danapris (Dnieper), river, Russia, vii.
306; XXI. 73.
Danaus, in Greek legend, VL 797.
Daneurite, mineral, xvi. 411.
■Danbury, town, Connecticut, U.S.A..
Danby, Earl of, minister of Charles II.,
VIII. 349.
■ , Francis, English oainter, vi. 797.
Dance, vi. 798.
, George (d. 1 768), English architect,
VI. 801.
, George (d. 1825), English architect
and painter, VI. 801.
.Nathaniel, English painter, vi. 801.
OF Death, v. 104; xii. 55.
Dancing, as branch of education, vi.
801.
Master, English ballad collection,
XVII. 88.
Dancourt, . Florent Carton, French
dramatist, VI. 802.
Dandelion, plant, vi. 802; xxiil. 61.
Dandku Panth (Nana Sahib), xii. 810;
XVII. 170, 345.
Dandolo, patrician family of Venice,
VI. 802.
— — , Andrea, Venetian admiral, vi. 803;
XIX. 406.
, Enrico, doge of Venice, vi. 802 ;
XXIV. 143; his relations witli the
crusaders, V!. 629.
, Vincenzo, Count, Italian scientkt,
VI. S03.
Danegeld, English land tax, viii. 294,
567-
Danelage, district, England, Xiv. 656.
Danes, The, vii. 84; their invasions of
England, I. 506; viii. 283, 568; xvii.
570; invasions of Ireland, xiil. 252; in
Lincolnshire, XIV. 656; their influ-
ence on English literature, viii. 404.
Danewerk, or Dannewerk, entrench-
ments, Schleswig, VII. 89; XXI. 414.
Danewort, or dwarf elder tree, vii.
828.
Danichich, Dyuro, Servian philologist,
XXI. 691.
Daniel, of Scripture, vi. 803.
, Apocalj-pse of, II. 180.
, Book of, VI. 803; III. 64a
of Salah, Syriac writer, XXII. 841.
of Tahal, Syriac writer, XXII. 849.
, Arnaud, troubadour, XX. 649.
, Gabriel, French Jesuit historian,
VI. 807.
, Samuel, English poet, vi. 807;
XVIII. 346.
E/VR Khattab, Syriac writer, XXII.
855.
BAR Moses, Syriac writer, xxil.
841.
Nevski, prince of Moscow, XXI.
90.
Daniele da Volterra (Ricciarelli),
Italian painter and sculptor, XX. 537.
Daniell, John Frederick, English
chemist, VI. 808; his electric cell, viii.
93; his hygrometer, XII. 570; his
pyrometer, XX. 133.
, Samuel, Thomas, and William,
English painters, VI. 808.
Daniloff, town, Russia. XX'-f. 731.
Danilovgrad, to\vn, Montenegro, xvi.
7S1.
Danish Drama, vii. 444.
Danish Language, vii. 8g; xxi. 373;
dictionaries of, vii. 186.
Danish Leather, xiv. 389.
Danish Literature, vii. 89.
Danishmand, Scljuk dynasty, XXI. 636.
Dankoff, town, Russia, XXI. 116.
Dannecker, Johann Heinrich von,
German sculptor, vi. 809.
Dannewerk, entrenchments, Schleswig,
VII. 89; XXI. 414.
Danse Macabre, v. 104.
Dante (Dante Alighieri), Italian poet,
VI. 8og; xiii. 502; his influence on
thb Renaissance, XX. 3S4; Gary's
translation of the Divina Commcdia,
V. 170.
Danton, George Jacfjues, French Re-
volutionist, VI. 815; IX. 602,603; XX.
603.
Dantonists, French Revolutionary
party, IX. 606.
Dantzic, or Danzig, town, Germany, VI.
8i8; XX. 16; siege of (1807), IX. 459.
Deal, timber, ix. 223.
Danube, river, Europe, VI. 819; III.
116; XIL 362; XXI. 14; delta of, xJc.
5S0; mouths of. III. 795.
Danum (Do^caster), ancient town,
England, VIL 361.
Danvers, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
VI. 820.
Danville, town, Illinois, U.S.A., vi.
820.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., vi.
820.
■ , town, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 259.
D'Anville, Jean Baptiste, French geo-
grapher, VI. 820; his map of India, X.
188.
Danzig (Dantzic, q.v.y, town, Germany,
VI. 818; IX. 459; XX. 16.
Daphnaida, S[-)enser's ]x)em, XXII. 395.
Daphne, in Greek mythology, vi. 821;
grove of, II. 131.
, genus of plants, XIV. 349.
and Apollo, Max Muller's theory
of, XVII. 138.
DaPHNEPHORIA, Greek festival, VI. 821.
Daphnis and Chloe, Longus's Greek
romance, xiv. 868; XX. 635.
Darabjird, or Darab-Gherd, town,
Persia, vi. 821.
D'Aranda, Count, Spanisli minister,
II. 308; XXII. 341.
D'Aranthon, Bishop, his relations with
Madame Giiyon, XI. 342.
Darasun, spa. East Siberia, .Will. 510.
Darazi, Ismael, leader of, the Druses,
VII. 4S4.
DAR-BANDA,groupof Negroes, XVII. 3 rg.
Darbhangah, district, India, xvn.
114; xxiil. 407.
D'Arblav, Madame (Frances Bumey).
F'lfflish novelist. VI. 821.
124
D A R — D A V
Darboy, Georges, archbishop of Paris,
VI. S22.
DAr.BY, J, N., founder of community of
Plymouth Brethren, XIX. 238.
D'Arc, Jeanne (Joan of Arc), Maid of
Orleans, XIII. 695; IX. 550.
Darchiendo, toTvn, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
Darcy Water Gauge, xii. 508.
Dardanelles, Strait of, vi. 823; iii.
797; XL 636.
Dardania (Dacia), ancient district,^
Europe, VI. 758,
Dardanus, in Greek mythology, vi.
S23; xxiii. 583.
Dards, people, India and Tibet, X. 598;
XIV. 19S; dictionaries of their lang-aage,
VII. igi.
Dare (Dace, q.v.), fish, vi. 758.
Darent, river, England, XIV. 37.
Dares of Phrygia, on the legends of
Troy", VI. 823: XIII. 499; XX. 637.
Darfeld, Westphalia, Abbey of, XXIU.
524.
Darfur, country, Central Africa, vi.
823; I. 271; XXII. 278.
Dar-Ge, district, Tibet, xxill._342.
Darginians, Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
Dargle, glen, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
Daric, ancient Persian coin, XVII. 659.
Dariel, Pass of, Caucasus, v. 255.
Darien, isthmus and district, South
America, vi. 824; crossed by Balbao,
■ill. 274; proposed canal at, iv. 793;
Scottish settlement of, XXI. 518.
Scheme, Paterson's, xviii. 360.
Daringambadi, town, India, xxi. 210.
Dariorigum (Vannes), ancient town,
France, XXIv. 68.
Darius r., king of Persia, Vl. 825; xvill.
568; XL 98; in Egypt, VIL 744;' tomb
of, XVIII. 558.
II., Ochus or Nothus, of Persia, VI.
826; XVIII. 575.
III., Codomannus, of Persia, XVIII.
581; defeat of, by Alexander, I. 481;
XV. 140.
Darjiling, or Darjeeling, district and
town, India, VI. 827; its trade with
Tibet, XXIII. 3.^3.
Darley Arabian, progenitor of race-
horses, XII. 183, 184.
Darling, river, Australia, xvil. 62;
XVII. 408.
Mountains, Western Australia,
XXIV. 507.
Darlington, town, England, vi. 828.
Darlingtonia, genus of insectivorous
plants, XIII. 138.
Darmstadt, town, Germany, vi. 828;
libraries of, XIV. 527, 546.
, Hfc«35-, grand-duchy, Germany, XL-
T?o.
DARNliTAl, to\\Ti, France, vi. 829.
X/aRNLEY, Lord, husband of Mary,queen
of S^ots, XV. 595; XXI. 504; murder
•c.:', IV. 164.
DAfto, mountain, Senegambia, XXI.
661.
Darode, Somali tribes. Central Africa,
XXIL 256.
Darosha Pharsaya, Syriac T\Titer,
XXII. 832.
D'Arrest's Comet, vi. 192.
Dart (Dace, 5.1;.), fish, vi. 758.
Darter, bird, xxii. 188.
Dartford, town, England, vi. 829.
Dartmoor, Devonshire, England, vil.
139-
Dartmouth, toivn, England, vi. 829.
— •- College Case (181S), xxiV. 471.
College Observatory, New
Hampshire, U.S.A., XVII. 715.
Darts, .A-itcient, n. 555.
Daru, Pierre Antoine, Comte de, French
writer and statesman, VI. 829.
Darwaz, state. Central Asia, XVIII. 104.
Darwen, Over, town, England, XVIII.
77-
Darwin, Charles, his doctrine of organit
evolution, viiL 764, 769; xxiv. 801;
on adaptation of animals, I. 86; on
birds, XVIII. 32; on the descent of
man, II. 1 10 ; on the expression of
emotions, XIX. 5; geological researches
in the Argentine Republic, II. 488; on
hybridism, XII. 423; on morphology,
XVI. 840; on the origin of species,
IIL 68«) ; his work. The Origin of
Species, VIII. 749, 764; XXIV. 77, ?i;
on the curvature of rootlets of plants,
XIX. 60.
- — , Erasmus, English ' poet and
scientist, VL 830; XV. 816; on evolu-
tion, VIII. 748.
, Mount, Tierra del Fuego, xxili.
384-
, Port, toTv-n, South Australia, xxil.
284.
Darwinism, viil 769; in relation to
socialism, XXII. 219.
Darwinite, mineral, XVI. 393.
Dasa, tribe, North Central Africa, xxill.
334-
Dase, Zacharias, German logarithnust(
XIV. 777.
Dashkoff, Catherina R. W., Russian
princess, VI. 830; V. 233.
Dashour, Egypt, Pyramids of, II. 386;
VIL 773; XX. 124.
Dasii-Wheel, bleaching apparatus, iii.
813.
Da ss, Pctter or Peder, Norwegian poet,
VI. 831; xvii. 589.
Dassee S:l::\vorm, xxil 60.
Dasserah, Eindu festival, XV. 290.
Dasypeltis, genus of snakes, XXIL
194.
DasypodiDjE, family of Edentata, xv.
386.
Dasyproctid^, family of Rodentia,
XV. 420.
Dasypus, g:uus of edentate mammals,
XV. 387.
Dasvu, Punjab tribe, India, XX. 1 10.
Dasvurid/E, family of marsupial mam-
mals, XV. 379, 380.
Datames, satrap of Cappadocia, xviiL
579-
Date, fruit, vi. 831.
—— Palm, vl 831; L258; xviii. 190;
of Arabia, II. 237; of Fezzan, Tunis,
IX. 129.
Dates, of principal events from eariiest
times to 1875, v. 720-754.
Datholite, mineral, xvi. 409.
Datum Levels, Tidal, xxiii. 369.
Datura Stramonium, poisonous
plant, XVII. 231.
Daubenton, Loiiis Jean Marie, French
naturalist, VL 832; on birds, XVIII. 6;
his connexion with Buffon*8 natnial
history, iv. 444.
Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, English
man of science, VI. 832.
D'Aubign^, Franjoise, Madame de
Maintenon, xv. 304; IX. 578; xxi.
378.
, Jean Jlenri Merle, historian of tho^
Reformation, VI. 833.
, Theodore Agrippa, French liis-
torian and poet, vi. 833; ix. 6fi.
IVAUbusson, Pierre, grand-master of
Knights of St John, VI. 834 ; his
defence of Rhodes (1480), XXL 174.
Daudin, F. M., on reptiles, xx. 434.
Dauglish Apparatus, for manu-
facture of aerated bread. III. 255.
Daulias Luscinia, species of birds,
XVII. 499.
Daumat, Jean, French jurisconsult, vii.
3<6-
DaUN, Count von, Austrian general, vi.
834; III. 128.
Daunians, ancient Italian tribe, xiii.
446.
Dauphin, French title, IX. 546; xix.
738-
Dauphiij^, old province, France, vr.
835-
Alps, i. 624.
Daur.^t, Jean, French poet, Vl. 835;
XX. 84.
Daurians, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxiil.
608.
D'Auvergne, Henri de la Tour
(Turenne), French marshal, xxill. 626;
IX. 571.
Dauw, BurcheU's zebra, xil. 175.
Davao, town, PhiLppine Islands, xviii.
750.
Davenant, Charles, on tne balance of
trade, XIX. 357.
, Sir William, English poet and
dramatist, VI. 835; VII. 434.
Davenport, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi.
S36.
, Horace, English amateur cjiampion
swimmer, XXIL 771.
, John, founder of New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A., xvii. 395.
D A V — D E C
125
Oaventry, town, England, XVll. 556.
Davey's Safety Motor, xxii. 516.
David, king of Israel, vi. 836; xiii.
404; XXI. 253.
, City of (Jerusalem), XIII. 639.
, Psalma of, XX. 32 ; III. 638 ; vi.
841.
, St, patron saint of Wales, VI. 842.
1^ king of Scotland, XXI. 482.
II^ of Scotland, viil. 319; XXl.
489.
, Jewish pretender, XX. 269.
of Beth Rabban, Syriac writer,
XXII. 844.
of Dinant, French scholastic nhilo-
sopher, VI. 844; XXI. 426.
— : — , Christian, leader of Moravian
Brethren, XVI. 812.
, F^licien Cesar, French musical
composer, VI. 842.
, Francis, Transylvanian bishop,
XXIL 230; XXIII. 725.
, Jacques Louis, French painter, vi.
842.
, Jean Pierre' (David d' Angers),
French sculptor, vi. 843; xxi. 564.
bar Paul, Syriac writer, xxil.
851
■ COPPERFIELD, Dickens's novel,
VII. 177.
Ha-Cohen, Spanish rabbi, vi. S43.
Davidists, Christian sects, VI. 841-
Davie, James, inventor of ballot
machine. III. 291.
Davies, Edward, on Neo-Drmaism,'-v.
318.
, GrifSth, on annuities, JI. 81.
, Howell, Welsh preacher, XVI. 193.
, Sir John, English poet and states-
man, VI. 844; XIII. 265.
, John, of Hereford, English poet,
vi 844.
DavIla, GU Gonzalez, explorer, Nica-
ragua, Jfvil. 479.
, Henrico Caterino, Italian historian,
vi 844.
Da Vinci, Leonardo, Italian painter,
author, and man of science, XIV. ^55 ;
XXL 435 ; his influence on Raphael,
XX. 275; on binocular vision, xxil.
537.
Davine, mineral, XVI. 412.
Davis, Andrew Jackson, American
spiritualist, xxil. 405.
•, Edward, buccaneer, iv. 410.
, Jefferson, president, Confederate
States, North America, XXIII. 773.
, John, English navigator, vi. 845;
X, 184; XVII. 254; his Arctic explor-
ations, XIX. 317.
Strait Whale Fishery, xxiv.
527.
DaVos, district, Switzerland, XI. 205.
Davy, Sir Humphrey, English man of
science, VI. 845 ; on electro-chemical
Biaence, v. 466; Gay-Lussac's relations
with, X. 122.
Davy Lamp, for mining, vi. 72.
Daw, bird, XIII. 532.
Dawes, W. R., his observatory, England,
XVII. 711.
Dawley, town, England, XXI. 848.
Dawlish, town, England, ^1. 848.
Dawn, morning twilight, XXIII. 674.
Dawson, WUliam, on the use of lime
as manHxe, I. 350.
Salmon, fish, Xll. 686.
Dax, town, France, VI. 848; mineral
water of, xvi. 433.
Day, in the calendar, IV. 664; sidereal,
n. 765; solar, II. 771; IV. 664; pro-
posal of a universal, XXIII. 392,
394-
, Alfred, English writer on harmony, .
XVII. 100.
, Benjamin Franklin, American
journalist, XVII. 434.
, Francis, founder of Madras city,
XV. 189.
, John, EngUsh dramatist, vi. 848.
, Thomas, English tale writer, yil.
655.
Book, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
of the Fosse, massacre (807),
Toledo, Spain, XXI I. 310.
OF THE Spurs, battle at Courtrai,
Flanders (1302), vi. 52:; IX. 544,
Days, of the week, 11. 740; iv. 664;
iXl. 125.
Dayton, town, ©hio, U.S.A., vi. 848;
xviL 737.
Daza (Maximinus), Roman emperor, xv.
645.
D'A-ZEGLIO, Massimo, Italian writer and
statesman. III. 167; XIII. 487, 489.
Deacon, Office of, in the church, VII. i;
in primitive church, viil. 484; Xix.
674 ; 1 in Presbyterian churches, XIX.
677.
Deaconess, vii. i.
Deaconesses' Homes, at Kaiscrswerth,
Germany, IX. 307.
Dead, Resurrection of the, VIII. 535.
Dead-Houses, v. 331.
Dea Dia, Roman goddess, 11. 671.
Deadly Nightshade, plant, in. 543.
Deadly Sins, The seven, viii. 592.
Dead March in Saul, Handel's, xi.
435-
Dead- Reckoning, in navigation, xvii.
264.
Dead Sea, Palestine, vil. i; xiv. 217;
xviiL 171, 173.
Dead WOOD, mining settlement, Wyo-
ming, U.S.A., xxiii. 797.
Deaf and Dumb, or Deaf-Mutes, vii. 3;
schools for, II. 722; Amman's method
of training, l. 739 ; Abbe de I'Ep^e's,
labours on behalf of, viil. 457.
Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor, by
Dalgamo, VI. 776.
Deafness, vii. 594.
Dear, Franz, Hungarian statesman, vii.
12; XIL 374.
Deal, to-n-n, England, vii. 13; xrv.
39-
Dean, ecclesiastical dignitary, vii. 13;
V. 228.
Deane, Sir Anthony, EngUsh ship-
builder, XVII. 283.
Dean's Islands, South Pacific, xxiii.
602.
Dearborn Observatory, Chicago,
U.S.A., XVII. 715.
Dearg, Loughs, Ireland, XIII. 217.
Death, Causes of, xvii. 686; of Entero-
zoa as compared with Protozoa, Xix.
837; ceremonies conaected with, IX.
824; XXIII. 470; myths of, XVU. 158^
Sisyphus myth, XXII. 102.
Adder, xxii. 198.
Duties, xxiii. 88.
Death-Rate, Average, in different
countries, XIX. 517.
Deaths, Registration of, XX. 343.
, by suicide, XXII.- 629.
Deauville, town, France, xxiil. 589.
Debasement of Coinage, xvi. 726;
XVII. 653.
De Beaumarchais, Pierre A. C,
French dramatist. III. 467.
Deben, river, Suffolk, England, XXII.
621.
De Benneville, George, American.
UniversaUst, XXIII. 831.
Debenture, vii. 15.
De Blainville, H. M. D., on birds,
xviii. 20.
DiBONNAiRE, Le, Louis (Louis the
Pious, {.t>.), emperor, XV. 15.
Deb Raja, ruler of Bhutan, India, in.
632.
Debra Tabor, to^-n, Abyssinia, i.
64.
Debreczyn, or Debretzn, town, Hun-
garv, VII. 15; university of, XXIII.
852.
De Brosses, Charles, on mythologj-,
;ivii. 137.
Debt, Law of, vii. 15. See also Bank-
ruptcy, in. 341.
, National, XVII. 243.
Debtor and Creditor, ;cviii. 440;
in Roman law, xx. 685.
Debts, Attachment of, III. 51.
, Preferred, XIX. 764.
Decalogue, vii. 15; xiii. 399.
Decameron, Boccaccio's work, in. 845 ;
XIII. 504.
Decamps, Alexander Gabriel, French
painter, VII. 17.
De CaNDOLLE, Augustin Pyramus,
Swis? botanist, VII. 18; his classifica-
tion of plants, IV. 80; XVI. 838.
Dec AN US, French and Lombard magi-
strate, VII. 144 XV. 217.
DecapODA, suborder of MolluScti, XVI.
669.
Decapolis, district, Palestine, vil. 18;
XVIIL 177.
Decarbonization, of iron, xiii. 318.
126
D E C — D E L
Decatur, to«-n, Illinoi3, U.S.A., vii.
l8.
: , Stephen, American naval officer,
XXIII. 760.
De Caus, Solomon, inventor of a steam-
engine, XXII. 473.
Decay, Animal, xvii. 6S6; xix. 9.
Decazes, Duke, favourite minister of
Loiiis XVIII., IX. 619.
Deccan, territory, India, vii. iS; XII.
733; birds of. III. 763; its connexion
^vith Berar, III. 5S3.
Decebalus, Dacian prince, XXIII. 503.
December, mouth, vii. 19.
Decemviri, Roman magistrates, vil.
19; XX. 737.
Deception Island, Antarctic Ocean,
XVII. 407.
De Charpentier, Jean, on glaciers, x.
628.
Dechenite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Deciates, Ligm-iau tribe, XIV. 639.
Decimal Coin.\ge, vii. 20; xvi. 732.
Decimal Fractions, in ai-ithmetjc,
II. 531 ; methods of marking, by
Napier, xvii. 1S5; Stevinus's use of,
II. 526; XXII. 546.
Decius, Roman emperor, XX. 773, 776.
Mus, Publius, Roman constil, XVII.
64.
Decize, town, France, xvii. 496.
Deck, of ship, xxi. S20.
Decken, Barou von der, African ex-
plorer, I. 247.
Deckendorf, or Deggendorf, town,
Bavaria, VII. 32.
Declamations, Scholastic, xx. 515.
Declaration, in law, vii. 21 ; xix.
21S.
of Independence, American,
XIII. 614; xxiii. 743, 754; xviii. 741.
OF Paris (1S36), vii. 21; xvii.
290.
OF Rights, English (16S9), xx.
555; accepted by William III., xxjv.
579-
— OF Sports, of James I., xxii. 431.
Declarator, iu Scots law, vii. 22.
Declin.\TION, in astronomy, II. 765.
, or Variation, Jlagnetic, xv. 220,
238; XVI. 163; table of values of, xvi.
166.
Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire, Gibbon's work, x. 578.
DeclinOgraph, astroD^niical instru-
ment, xvi. 256.
Declinometer, Bond's, astronomical
instrument, XVI. 255; magnetic, XVI.
159, 162.
Decoration, JIural, xvii. 34.
Decree, in law, vii. 22; Roman, XIII.
133. imperial Rorfian, XX. 705
DecriIet, in law, vii. 22.
Decretals, in canon law, vii. 22; v.
16, 17, 19; XIX. "491; the false,
(c. 850X V. 17; XVII. 483; XIX. dOfi.
DECRETUM. Pacil. nf Gl-nlin.Tl, XIX. 499.
Decurio, Roman cavalry officer, vii. 22.
Dedan, of Scripture, xxiv. 73S.
Deduction, in logic, i. 797; xiv. 7S5,
790.
Dee, river, England and Wales, v, 5S9;
-VII. 76; xvi. 38.
, rivers, Scotland, f. 44; xiv. 97.
, John, English mathematician and
astrologer, vii. 22.
Deed, in law, vii. 23.
Deeds, Registration of, XX. 342.
Dee:-.ILA (Dimlah), to\\-n, India, XX.
272.
Deemster, judge. Isle of Man, xv. 452.
Deeping Fen, England, Draining of,
I. 405.
Deep-Sea Thermometer, xxiii. 291.
Deer, ungulate mammal, VII. 23 ; XV.
431, 432; of India, XII. 742.
Forests, Scotland, xxi. 532.
Def^ecation, xvii. 670.
Defamation, in law, vii. 25; xiv. 50V
Defender of the Faith, vii. 25.
Deffand, Marquise dn, leader in
Flench literary society, vil. 25.
Defilading, in fortification, ix. 425.
Definition, in logic, xiv. 785, 790,
Socratic use of, XXII. 236.
Defloration, in medical jurispru-
dence, XV. 7S0.
Defoe, Daniel, English writer, vil. 26;
his connexion with newspapers, xvil.
415; pamphlets of, XV 1 1 1. 205; his
place in English literature, VIIL 425,
428; projector of savings' banks, XXI.
327-
Deformities, Sm-gical treatment of,
XXII. 691.
DEGAlDr Irish clan, XIIL 245.
De Geer, Cliarles, Swedish entomo-
logist, XXIV. S06.
De Ger.ando, Marie Josenli, French
metaphysician, vii. 31.
Deggenjorf, town, Bavaria, vii. 32.
Degh, river, India, xxi. S;o.
D'TIglantine, p. F. X. Fabre, French
dramatist and Revolutionist, VIIL 840.
Deglutition, Process of, i. 83S; xvii.
670.
Degradation, from knighthood, ,xiv.
125.
Dzgree, angular magnitude, xxiil. 9,
563; of the meridian, length of, x.
19S.
Degrees, Academical, viii. 777; origin
of, XXIII. S35; Scottish, XXIII. 855.
De-Gue, district, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
De Heem, Johannes, Dutch painter, XI.
611.
De Herber.w, Nicolas, French ti'ans-
lator of Amadis, XX. 654.
Dehli (Delhi, q.v.), India, vn. 45.
DehR-\, to^^-n, India, vii. 33.
Dun, district, India, vn. 32.
Dehri Shaha'n, vUlage, Punjab, India,
XX. 2qS.
Deification, !i. 199.
Dei ~ FiLlus, constitution passed by
Vatican council, XXIV. 112.
Deifr (Deira, q.v.), Celtic kingdom,
England, xvii. 568.
Deioces, Median king, xviii. 562.
Deipnosophist/E, Athenajiis's work, II.
831.
Deira, Celtic kingdom, England, v.
301; viii. 270; XVII. 568.
De^r-el-Kamar, town of the Brusca,-
VII. 4S3.
DiERMEN Tepe, hill, near Smyrna,
Asia Minor, XXII. 186.
Deism, vii. 33 ; xxiii. 244 ; Lord
Herbert's, XL 722 ; Shaftosbury'e,
XXI. 734 ; Tindal's, XXIII. 404;
Chubb's writings on, v. 757.
Deists, English, their writings, VIII.
427; Bishop Butler's opirosition to,
IV. 583.
, Short and Easy Method with
THE, Leslie's work, XIV. 476.
Deity, Idea of the, xxill. 235. See
also God.
De Jussieu, French family of botanists,
XIII. 7S8.
Dekabrists, Rebellion of, in Russia,
XXI. lOI.
Deken, Aagjen, Dutch ■viTiter, Xll. 96.
Dekker, Jeremias de, Dutch poet, VM.
37-
, Thomas, English dramatist, vn.
37, 432-
De u\ Badie, Jean, French Pietist, xiv.
163.
De la Bastie, isieur, French envoy in
Scotland, XXI. 497.
De la Beche, Henry Thomas, English
geologist, vni. 38.
De la Condamine, Charles Marie,
French savant, x. 1S9 ; xiv. 193;
measuring arc of meridian, vil. 598.
Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugene,
French jwinter, vil. 39.
De L.\Gakdie, Count, Swedish general
arx-J chanctUor, XXII. 748.
DelaGOA Ba\-, SouUi-East Africa, vil
40.
De la Live d'Epinay, Madame, French
authoress, VIII. 482.
Delambre, Jean Baptistc Joseph,
French matl'e.n'.atician and astronomer,
VII. 40; II. 75S; his logarithmic tjiMcs,
XXIII. 10; hb forniul.-B in spherical
trigonometiy, yxill. 566.
Delane, John Thaddeus, English
journalist, X\TI. 418.
De Langle, p. A. M. Fleuriot, Frendi
navigator, XIV. 208.
De Lannoy, Baronet; Dutch poetess,
XII. 96.
De la Rive, Aueusti\ Swiss physicist,
VIL 41.
Delaroche, Hippolyte, Trench painter,
VII. 41.
Delarue. Gervais, French liutor>on-
VIL 42.
D E L — D E M
127
Db La Rue, W., on sun spots, ll. 786;
his observatory, at Cranford, England,
XVII. 711.
Delaunay, Charles, ou the lunar
theory,' XVI. 801.
, Charles, assumed name of Madame
Qirardin, French writer, X. 621.
• , Margu^riteJeanneCordier,Baronne
de Staal, XXIL 439.
Delavigne, Jean Frangola Casimir,
French poet and dramatist, VII. 43,
427; IX. 672.
Delaware, river, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
vn. 44; XVIII. .500, 736.
, State, U.S.A., vii. 44; population,
XXIII. 802; colony of, XXIII. 730.
, toM-n, Ohio, U.S.A., vii. 45.
Delawares, Ameriozm- Indian tribe,
XII. 831.
De la Warr, Peter, speaker of House
of Commons, XVIII. 306.
Del Chiaro, on Walachia, XXi. 17.
Del Cimento, Florentine academy, I.
70; XV. 793.
Delcourt, Dupuis, aeronaut, I. 193.
Del Credere Agent, in eommerce,
VII. 45.
pE L' Ep^e, Abbe, VIII. 457; hislaboura
on behalf of deaf-mutes, vii. 7.
Delessite, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 414.
Delfico, Melcfuftrre, Italian jurist, VII.
45-
Delft, town, Holland, vii. 45.
Ware, xix. 631.
Delhi, district, India, VII. 45; xx. 109.
, or Dehli, town, India, VII. 46;
siege of (1857), xrr. 810; school of
poets at, XI. 848.
Deli, district, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
, island, Java, xiin 600.
• — s town, Timor, Indian Archipelago,.
KXIII. 39S.
Delia, Greek festival, Vll. 49.
, Tibullus'a love, xxill. 349.
Delict, in law, xxiii. 454.
Delille, Jacques, French poet, Vll. 49;
EX. 665.
Delineation, in drawing, vii. 447.
Delirium, mental disorder, y'L 5°;
XIH. !06.
Tremens, vii. 50.
Delisle, Guillaume, his map of the
Old World, X. 188.
, Joseph Nicolas, on astronomy, 11.
757; his thermometer, XXIII. 289.
, Eom^, on crystals, VI. 672.
Delitzsch, town, Prussia, VII. 51.
Della ChiaJE, Italian naturalist,
XXIV. 806.
Della Porta, Giacomo, Italian archi-
tect, u. 439.
Della Porta, Giovanni Battista,
Italian natural philosopher, XIX. 525;
Ijis steam-engino, XXII. 473; his con-
nexion with the telescope, XXIII. 135.
Della Robbia, Florentine family of
artists, xx. 588.
Della Valle, Pietro, Italian traveller,
XXJV. 43.
Delt.man's Electrometer, vni. 119.
Del Monte, Gian Maria (Pope Julius
III.), XIII. 772.
Delolme, Jean Louis, Swiss jurist, vii.
SI-
DE Long, Lieut., Arctic explorer, xix.
326.
Delos, island, Greece, viL 51; n. 185;
amphictyony of, I.- 773; XI. 100;
worship of Latona in, XI v. 345.
De Loutherbourg, Philip James,
painter, vii. 53.
iJELPHi, town, Greece, Vll. 52; II. 185;
amphictyony of, I. 772; oracle and
temple at, XVII. 808; vn. 53; XL 98;
XIV. 345.
, Mount, Euboea, Greece, VIII. 647.
Delphinapterus, genus of cetacean
mammals, xv. 398; xxiv. 525.
Delphin Editioks, of the classics, in.
657.
Delphinia, GreeK festival, vii. 53.
Delphinid^e, family of Cetacea, xv.
398.
Delphinium, Greek harbour, xviii.
50.
, plant, XII. 255,
Del Rio, Ercole, Italian chessplayer, v.
601.
Delrio, Martin, on demoniacal posses-
sion, VII. 62.
Delta, at mouth of a river, x. 278, 319;
XX. 580; formation of, xil. 504; of
the NUe, VII. 768.
, territory, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
, assumed name of David Macbeth
Moir, Scottish poet, XVI. 608.
Deluc, Jean Andr^, Swiss geologist,
VIL 53; XXIL 799.
Deluge, in primitive cosmogonies, vil.
54; XVII. 143.
Delusion, in insanity, xiii. 105.
Demades, Greek orator, Vll. 57.
Demagnetization, xv. 254.
De Maillet, Benott, his evolutionist
views, viil. 748.
De Maistre, Joseph, French dip-
lomatist and polemical writer, XV.
306.
De Maistre, Xavier, Frencn writer,
XV, 307; IX. 672.
Demak, tov.-a, Java, xiii. 606.
Demand and Supply, in economics,
XXIV. 47. .
DematophoraNecatrix, vine fungus,
XXIV. 240.
Dembinski, Henry, Hungarian general,
XII. 372.
Dembowski, Baron, his ooservatory
at GaUarate, Italy, XVII. 714.
Dementia, mental disease, xiii. 107.
Demerara, county, British Guiana, XI.
249; river, XI.. 250.
Demeter, Greek goddess (the Roman
Ceres), v. 345; xvil. 127; festival of
(Thesmophoria), XXIII. 295; mystenea
of, VIIL 126.
Demetria, Greek festival, vu. 57.
Demetrias, ancient town, Thessaly,
Greece, xxill. 299; XXIV. 282.
Demetrius, Bactrian king, xviii. 590.
I„ Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia,
vn. 57.
IL, of Macedonia, vil. 58.
I., Soter, king of Persia and Syria,
VH. 58; XIIL 422; XVIII. 59a
II., Nicator, of Persia and Syria,
VII. 58; XIIL 423; XVIII. 591.
III., Euergetes, of Syria, VIL 58;
XVIIL 595.
, .bishop of Alexandria, his relations
with Oiigen, xvil. 840.
, Greek Cynic philosopher, VII. 58.
(Dmitri, J.f), Russian pretender,
XXL 108.
of Scepsis, ancient writer on the
Trojans, XXIII. 581'.
Phalereus, Greek Peripatetic
philosopher, VII. 58.
Demidoff, Russian noble lamily, Vll.
59-
DEMlDOWiTfe, mineral, XVI. 411.
Demise, in law, xiv. 273.
Demiurge, in Gnosticism, x. 704;
Marcion's doctrine of the, XV. 53/.
Demmin, town, Prussia, vil. 59.
Democracy, Government by, XI. 11;
in France (1789), IX. 597; in relation
to socialism, XXII. 221.
Democratic Party, United States.
xxin. 755, 764, 771.
Democritus, Greek philosopher, vil.
59'
, Christianus, assumed name of J. C.
Dippel, German theologian and al-
chemist, VII. 255.
Demography, or Statistics, xxii. 463.
Demoivre, Abraham, mathematjcian,
VII. 60; his law of mortality, II. 76;
on probability, XI X. 769.
Demoivre's Theorem, in analytical
trigonometry, XXIII. 568.
Demon, vii. 60. See Diemon.
Demonesi, or Demonnesi, islands, Sea
of Marmora, XIX. 742.
Demoniacal Possession, Theories of.
II. 56; vii. 61.
Demonology, vii. 60; XV. 199.
De Montcorbier (F. VQlon), French
poet, XXIV. 232.
De Monte, G. B. (MontanusX Italian
physician, xv. 809.
De Monts, French settler, Maine,
U.S.A., XV. 300.
De Morgan, Augxistus, English mathe-
matician and logician, Vll. 64.
Demos, Athenian, compared with Romaa
plebs, XVII. 526.
Dehospongi^, subclass of sponges,
XXIL 421, 425.
Demosthenes, Athenian general in\
Syracusan war, xxii. 815.
128
D E M— D E R
Demosthenes, Greek orator, vii. 67;
XI. 103, 142 ; his ridicule of Alex-
ander, I.' 481 ; his connexion with
Isseus, XIII. 376.
Demotica, to^vD Eurouean Turkey, VII.
74-
Demotic Writing, in Egypt, xi. 794,^
Dempo, mountain, Sumatra, XXII. 638.
Dempster, Thomas, Scottish scholar,
VII. 74-
DEMTER(Deventer), to\vn, Holland, vil.
»35-
Demurrage, in maritime law, vii. 75.
Demurrer, in law, vii. 75.
Denain, to«-n, France, vii. 75; xvn.
535-
Denair, town, Asia Minor, 11. 147.
Denarius, Roman coin, xvil. 652, 655.
Denbigh, county, Wales, vii. 76; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
coalfield, VI. 52.
Denderah, or Dendarah, village, Upper
Eg>-pt, VII. 77; temple of, vil. 776.
Dendermonde, town, Belgium, VII.
78.
t)ENDR0COPUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
652.
Dendrceca, genus of birds, xxiv. 367.
Dendrohyrax, genus of ungulate
mammals, xil. 599; XV. 423.
Dendrolagus, genu? of marsupial
mammals, XIII. 840.
Dendrophid.e, family of snakes, xxii.
192, 195.
Deneshkin (or DeNezhkin) Kamen,
mountain, Russia, XVIII. 549; XXIV. 4.
D'Enghien, Due, French Royalist, VIII.
214; his execution, XVii. 207.
Denghiz (Balkash, q.v.), lake. Central
Asia, XXI. 640.
Denha, Syriac writer, XXII. 848.
Denham, Dixon. African traveller, i.
246; V. 8pi.
, Sir John. £nglish poet, vil. 78;
VIII. 424.
Denier, medioeval coin, xvii. 654.
Denina, Carlo Giovanni Maria. Italian
historian, vik 79.
Denis, St, patron saint of France, vii.
79; xviii. 2S6.
, king of Portugal, Xix. 542, 555.
, ishind, Seychelles, XXI. 725.
Denison, to\™, Texas, U.S.A., XXIII.
205.
Deniz, Ak, lake, Syria, .\xil. S21.
Denizen, in law, vii. 79.
Denman, Loi-d, chief -justice of England,
VII. 79.
Denmark, vii. 80; union \vith Nor-
way, XVII. 589; union with Sweden
(1397), XXII. 746; seizure of fleet by
Englaud (1807), XVII. 212; Prussian
and Austrian invasion (1S64), iii. 139;
IX. 625; academy, I. 73; army, II. 615;
birdSjXVlll. 17; church, VIII. 491; coins,
XVII. 658; drama, vil. 444; forests, IX.
jjoo; language, .\xi. 373; libraries, xi v.
532, 549; literatiu-e, VII. 89; national
debt, XVII. 246; newspapers, xvil. 430;
observatories, xvil. 714; oyster culture,
XVIII. loS; periodical literature, xvil I.
543; prison system, .xi.x. 759; railways,
XX. 251; Reformation in, XX. 336;
Aveights and measures, XXIV. 490.
Dennewitz, Prussia, Battle of (1813),
XVII. 220.
Dennis, John, English critic and poet,
VII. 94.
Denny, town, Scotland, xxii. 554.
Denon, Baron de, French artist and
archsologist, VII. 95.
Density, of bodies, defined, xv. 698;
unit of, VII. 241; determination of, XII.
536; tables of, xii. 541; of water of
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, xvill.
120.
Dent, Alfred, English settler. North
Borneo, xxi. 124.
, E. J., English watchmaker, xxiv.
396-
Dentalium, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
663.
Dentitrices, xviii. 526.
Dentine, or Ivory, vii. 233; xin. 5:0;
XV. 349.
Dentistry, vii. 95 ; artificial teeth, xiii.
523 ; in relation to medicine, xv.
797-
Dentition, of man, vii. 96, 232; of
fishes, XII. 654; of mammals, xv. 349
(and article Mammalia throughout);
of the horse, XII. 178; of the vole,
XXIV. 277; of the walrus, XXIV. 337.
D'Entrecaste.\ux, J. A. Bruni, French
navigator, Vlll. 454; X. 190.
Islands, New Guinea, xvii. 386.
Denudation, in geology, x, 372
Deoband, town, India, XXI. 152.
Deodan'd, in English law, vil. 100.
Deodar, tree, v. 286; IX. 405; culture
of, II. 319.
DEOdatus, St, of Novers, xxi. itii.
Deogan, chief god of the Kafirs, Asia,
XIII. 822.
Deoghar, town, India, xxi. 297.
Deogurh (Dowletabad), fortress, India,
VII. 382.
Deor's. Complaint, Anglo-Saxon poem,
VIII. 403.
DiPARClEUX, Antuine, his mortality
tables, II. 76.
Depart.ment, French administrative
division, IX. 509, 600.
Departure, in navigation, xvii. 264.
D'Epin.'^V, Madame, French authoress,
VIII. 4S2; a^ patroness of Rousseau,
XXI. 25.
Deployment, of an army, xxiv. 352.
Deposits, geological, x. 276; in North
Sea, XVII. 563; in Norwegian Sea,
xvil. 593; in Pacific Ocean, XVIII.
121.
, in savings banks, XIX. 573; XXJ.
329.
Depots, Military, xxiv. 353.
, Railway, xx. 234.
Depres, Josquin, Flemish masical com-
poser, VII. lOl; XVII. 83; xviu. 180.
Depression, in insanity, xiil 105.
Deptford, town, England, vil. loi;
dockyard, vil. 310; Trinity House at,
x.xiii. 574.
Depulsor, epithet' of Jupiter, Xlll. 780.
T)E Quatrefages, J. L. A., on silk-
worm disease, XXII. 59; on Teredo,
XXIII. 185.
De Quincey, Tliomas, English writer,
VII. loi.
Dera, river, Morocco, XVI. 832.
Ghazi Khan, district, India, vii.
104; XX. 109.
Ismail Khan, district, India, vii.
105; XX. 109.
Der.\jat, division, India, vii. 105; XX.
109.
De RANci, Armand J. B., abbot of La
Trappe, xxiii. 523.
Der.\ya, or Dereyeh, towii, Ai'abia, vii.
113.
Derbe, town, Asia Minor, xv. 92.
DERBEND, town, Hissar, Central Asia,
XII; 3.
, or Derbent, town, Russia, Vll. 105.
Derby, county, England, vii. 106; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727J
coalfield, Vi. 51.
, town, England, vii. 108; porcelain
factory at, XIX. 641.
, horse race, England, XII. 201.
, Earls of, their connexion with lale
of Man, XV. 454; fourteenth eai'l,
English statesman, vii. icx/; vi;i.
366.
Derbyshire Neck, disease, x. 739.
Dereham, town, England, xvii. 536.
De Retz, Cardinal, leader of Fionde,
XX. 488; IX. 572.
Dereveragh, Lough, Ireland, XXIV.
512.
Dereyeh, town, Arabia, vii. 113.
Derg, Lough, Ireland, vil. 362.
Derha.m, "William, English divine and
man of science, VII 1 13.
D'ErlOn, Count Dionet, FVeuch
general, VII. 473.
Der.matemys, genus of cheloniau
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Dermatine, mineral, XVL 415.
Dermatochelys, genus of chelouian
reptiles, XXIII. 457
Dermatogen, primary ejiidermis of
plants, XII. 15.
Dermatology, in relation to medicine,
XV. 797.
DermaTOPHYTA, group oi vegetable
parasites, xxrv. 206.
Dermatozoa, group of animal rarasites,
XXIV. 206.
Dermod MacMurrough, king of
Loinstcr, Ireland, Xlll. 258.
Der.moid Cyst, disease, xviir. 372.
D E R — D E U
129
Dermoptera, suborder of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 401.
Derna (Darnis), seaport, Tripoli,
North Africa, xxiii. 575.
De' Rossi, Giaa Battista, on the Cata-
combs, V. 207.
De Rossi, J. B., his edition of the
Hebrew Bible, III. 647.
UERRY, or Londonderry (j.f.), town,
Ireland, xiv. 853.
Dertona (Tortona), ancient town, Italy,
xxiii. 460.
(Dertosa (Tortosa), ancient town, Spain,
xxni. 460.
Dervish, Dervishes, vii. 113; xxii.
662,665; Egyptian, VII. 726; dancing
(Maulawi), XXI. 59.
Derwent, river, Derbyshire, England,
VII. 106.
, river, Northumberland, England,
XVII. 565.
, river, Tasmania, XXIII. 72.
Derwentwater, lake, England, *l. 699.
Derzhavin, Gabriel, Russian poet,
XXI. 106.
De Sacv, Antoine Isaac, Baron Silvestre,
French Orientalist, XXI. 140.
, Isaac Louis Le Maltre, Port
Royalist, XXI. 141.
Desaguliers, Jean TheopJiUe, his
electrical experiments, viil. 4.
Desaix de Vovgoux, Louis C. A.,
French general, vil. 1 14.
De Sallo, Denis, French man of letters,
xviii. 539.
Desargue's Theorem, of projections,
XIX. 794.
DesaugiErs, Marc Antoine Maaeieine,
French dramatist, vii. 114.
Desault, Pierre Joseph, French
anatomist, VII. 1 1 1; ; Bichat's connexion
>vith, III. 664.
De Saussure, Horace Benedict, XXI.
323; on glaciers, X. 629.
De Saussure, Nicolas T., xxi. 324.
De Sauty, his' electric telegraph test,
XXIII. 118.
Descant, musical, xvii. 81.
Descartes, Een^, French philosopher,
VII. 115; his application of algebra to
geometry, J. 514; XIII. 6; on axioms,
III. I59> on evolution, VIII. 747, 759; on
the extension of matter. III. 37; his
logic, XIV. 791; his metaphysic, XVI.
91; on squaring the circle, XXII. 435;
his influence on French literature, IX.
660; liis connexion with Pascal, XVIII.
334; Leibnitz's criticism of, XI v. 421.
Descent, in law, xiii. 77; rules of, in
aboriginal tribes, xxili. 473.
Deschamps, Eustache, French poet,
VII. 128; IX. 644.
Deschappelles, a. L. H. L., French
chessplayer, V. 601.
Des Chutes, river, Or^on, U.S.A.,
XVII. 822
Descloizite, mineral, xvi. 406.
26—7*
Des Clot, Bemat, Catalan chronicler,
XXII. 363.
Deseado, river, Patagonia, xviii. 353.
Desert, Deserts, Oases in, xvii. 695;
of Ai-abia, 11. 239; Gobi, Central Asia,
X. 712; Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
Desertas, islands, Madeira, xv. 181.
Deserted Villacs, Goldsmith's poem,
• X. 762
Desertion, in military law, xvi. 298.
of a wife, vii. 301; xxiv. 643.
Desfontaines, Rene Louiche, French
botanist, vii. 129.
Desful (Dizful), town, Persia, vii. 305;
xviii. 627.
Deshoulieres, Antoinette, French
poetess, VII. 129.
Desideri, p. Ipolito, traveller in Tibet,
XIV. 503.
Desideeio da Settignano, Italian
sculptor, VII. 129.
Design, Artistic, VII. 446; copyright in,
VI. 364.
, Doctrine of (Teleology), xvui. 182;
XX. 301; XXIII. 248; XXIV. 802.
Designations, Abbreviations of, I. 28.
Desima, island, Japan, XVII. 164.
Desire, Psychological analysis of, xx.
74-
Des Loges (F. Villon), French poet,
XXIV. 232.
Desmarest, Ansehne, on birds, XVIH.
II.
DesmidiEjE, division of Algje, I. 50S;
VII. 170.
Desmodus Rufus, blood-sucking b»t,
XV. 415; XXIV. 52.
Desmognathous Tvpe, of birds. III.
711.
Des Moines, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vii.
130.
Desmond, Earls of, Ireland, VI. 404;
Xiv. 52; their rebellions, xill. 264,
265 ; first earl (Maurice Fitzgerald),
XIII. 260.
Desmothoraca, order of Protozoa,
XIX. 845.
Desmouhns, Caraille, French journal-
ist and Revolutionist, vii. 130; IX.
673.
, Roger, grand-master of Knights of
St Jolrn, XXI. 174.
Des Murs, M. A. P. (E., on birds,
XVIII. 13, 32.
Desolation Island, Southern Ocean,
XIV. 48.
Desolation Land, Tierra del Fuego,
South Ameiica, XXIII. 3S4.
De Soto, Ferdiqando, Spanish explorer,
vn. 131.
Despenaperros, pass, Spain, xxii. 294.
Despenser, "Hugh, minister of Edward
IL of England, vil. 683.
Des Periers, Bonaventure, French
writer, IX. 653.
Desportes, Abb^ French, pciet, xx.
347-
Desprez (Depria, {.».), Josquin, Flemish
composer, VII. loi.
Dessaix, Joseph Maria, Count, French
general, VII. 132.
Dessalines, Negro chief, Hayti, xi.
545-
Dessau, town, Germany, vii. 132.
Dessauer, Der Alte, Leopold, duke of
Anhalt-Dessau, xiv. 467.
Dessler, Wolfgang C, German hymn-
writer, XII. 587.
De Stael, Madame, French WTiter,
XXII. 439; IX. 672.
D'Este, princely hoilse, Italy, viil. 558;
IX. 108; XVI. 542; XX. 341.
, Leonora, friend of Tasso, XXIII.
76.
De Stendhal (M. H. Beyle), French
writer. III. 621.
Desterro, town, BrazQ, VII. 132.
Destinv, Oriental ideas of, I. 464.
, novel, by Miss Ferrier, IX. iii.
Destruction of the Philosophers,
Al-Gazali's treatise, I. 510.
Destructiveness, in phrenology,
XVIII. 845.
Destutt de Tracy, A. L. C, French
philosopher, XXIII. 497.
Detectives, Police, xix. 337.
Determinants, in' algebra, i. 516;
VIII. 497; Spottiswoode on, XXII.
432.
Determinism, in philosophy, xxiii.
234-
De Thou, Jacques A., French historian,
XXIII. 315; IX. 659.
Detmold, town, Germany, vii. 133^
XIV. 683.
De Tocqueville, A. H. C. Ch(5re!,
Comte, French writer, xxill. 430;
IX. 675.
Detonation, of explosives, viii. 809.
Detroit, town, Michigan, U.S.A., vii.
133; population, xxiil. 822.
Dettingen, Bavaria, Battle of (1743),
IX. 586.
Deucalion, in Greek legend, vii. 134.
DEULW4RA, India, Temples of, I. 59.-
D'EUSE, Jacques (Pope John XXII.),
XIII. 712.
Deuteronomy, Book of, in. 637; xiii,
415; xvin. 505.
Deutsch, use of the word, X. 473; aa
applied to language, x. 514.
, Emanuel Oscar Menahem, German
Orientalist, vil. 134.
Deutsche Theologie, mystical book
of devotion, xvii. 133.
Deutschkatholiken," or German
Catholics, X. 444.
Deutschkrone, town, Prussia, VII.
134-
Deutz, town, Rhenish Prussia, vii. 134.
Deux PontS (Zweibriicken), town,.
Bavarian Palatinate, vii. 134.
Deux SfevRES, department, France..
XXI. 710.
XXV. — 17
130
D E V — D I A
Deva, in HMn theology, xxiv. S21.
Devanagari, the current Sanski-it
character, XXI. 272; numerals in,
XVII. 626.
Devapray.^ga, town, India, VII. 135.
Devastavit, in law, xxiv. 394.
Development, Animal, Doctrine of,
VIII. 745; XX. 420; xxiv. 815, 801;
in relation t(f ethnology, VIII. 616,
61S; Lamarck's theory of, XI v. 232.
, Embryonic, viii. 163; in hi\man
anatomy, I. S30, 842, 850, 853, S55,
85S, S63, 90S; of MoIIusca, XVI. 637,
632; of tapeworms, XXIII. 52; of
trematode worms, XXIII. 537.
Deventer, town, Holland, VII. 135;
XVIII. 78; educationists of, VII. 672:
media;val college of, XIV. 31.
Devereux, Walter and Robert, carls of
Essex, VIII. 555, 556.
De Vico's Comet, vi. 192, 193.
De Vigxy, Alfred "Victor, Conite.French
poet aod novelist, vil. 135.
Devil, vii. 136, 60; in miracle plays,
vu. 415.
Fish, vii. 13S; xil. 686; Xx. 300.
De Ville, Antoine, French military
engineer, IX. 441.
Deville, Etienne Henri Sainte-Claire,
French chemist, XXI. 165; on alu-
minium, I. 647; on chemical dissocia-
tion, v. 475; on platinum, XIX. 190;
his pyrometer, XX. 131.
De Villiers, John, grand-master of
Knights of St John, XXI. 174.
Devil's Darning Needle, insect,
VII. 385-
Devil's Dust, adulterant of cloth, 1. 1 76.
Devil's Dyke, Sussex, England, xxii.
723
Devil's Sok.^ta, Tartini's, xxill. 71.
Devil's Tower, natural pillar, Kocky
Mountains, t.o.A., XXIII. 797.
Devil-Worship, by Eais (or Eetz), xx.
258.
De Vis6, Donaeau, French journalist,
XVII. 424.
Devizes, tow*, England, Vll. 138;
population, XXIV. 594. '
Devolution War, between England
and the Netherlands, IX. 575.
Devon (Devonshire, q.v.), county, Eng-
land, VIL 139; XXIIL 727.
, river, Scotland, V. 798.
Devonian Rocks, x. 340.
DevonpORT, town, England, Vll. 138;
XIX. 236; dockyard, vii. 318.
Devons, North, breed of cattle, I. 388.
DEVONSHIRE, county, England, VII.
139; population and representation,
xxiii. 727; fisheries of, IX. 253.
, First Duke of, vii. 143.
Devr, dance of the dervishes, vil. 114.
Dew, XV!. 120.
De Warville, Jean Pierre • Briasot,
French Revolutionist, IV. 347.
DeTi'I/.RRV, plant, VII. 143.
D'EWes, Sit Sunonds, English,cnronic-
ler, VII. 143.
De Wette, WUhebn Martin Leberecht,
German theologian, VII. 144; on the
Pentateuch, XVIII. 505; on German
rationalism, XX. 290.
De Winter, Jan TVillem, Dutch
admiral, VII. 144.
D e Witt, Cornelius, Dutch burgomaster,
VIL 145.
, John, Dutch statesman, Vll. 145;
XII. So.
Dew-Point, viii. 727; xu. 57a
Dewsbury, towi, England, vil. 146 ;
population and representation, xxiv.
74S.
Dextrin, or British gum, vu. 146; xv.
33S.
Dextrqglucose, in honey, xil. 136.
Dextrose, or Grape Sugar, IX. 96; XV.
538; XXII. 623.
D E Y, governor of Algiers, I. 566 ; of
Tunis, XXIIL 621.
Deyrsimlis, Kurdish tribe, XIV. 157.
DiL^KA (Dacca), district and town,
In'dia, VL 756.
Dhammasat, Burmese code of kw, IV.
553-
Dha.mr.i, river, India, v. 243.
Dhar, native state, India, VII. 146.
Dharma, doctrine or law-s, in Tibet and
Indi.1, XXL 287; XIV. 227.
Dharmasutras, Sanskrit laws, XXI.
28S.
Dharmnat-h, India, Teihple at, I. 423.
Dharm Raja, spiritual ruler of Bhutan,
in. 632.
Dharna, Hindu custom, Xiv. 360.
Dharwar, district, India, vii. 146.
Dhawalagiri, or Diwalgiri, mountain,
Himalayas, XI. 825.
Dhebar, artificial lake, India, XXIII.
716.
Dholiea. name of the Niger, river,
Africa, .CVII. 496.
Dholpur, native Etate, India, vil. 147;
XX. 260.
D'HoziER, Pierre, French genealogist
and journalist, xvil. 424.
Dhu Heartach Rock Lighthouse,
Scotland, xiv. 616.
Dhulip Sink, or Dhalip Singh, Siih
ruler, India, XII. 8o8; XX. 112.
Dhupan, river, India, XXI. 146.
DiABASi:, rock, x. 235.
Diabetes, disease, viL 147; xvii. 681;
XVlll. 386; dietrin, Vii. 207.
DiABLE.BoiTEUX, Lo Sage's work, Xrv.
472.
DiABLERETS, mountain. Vaud, Switzer-
knd, XXIV. 1 1 5.
Diablo, " Monte- C^ifomia, U.S.A^
xxyi. 801.
DiACRioi, Athenian political party, xix.
130-
Diadem, crown, vl 619 ; ancient, xin.
676.
laj
Socratct>a
DIADOCHITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
Diagoras, Greek poet, vii. 148.
DL4GRAMS, geometrical figures, VII. 149.
DlAL,or Gnomon, sun-dial, VIL 153; first
construction of, II. 746.
, of a clock, VI. 31.
, American magazine, J. 729.-
Dialectic, in logic, xiv. 785, 7S6;
Zeno's invention of, XXIV. 778;
ancient Greece, II. 516;
use of, XXII. 236.
Dialecticians, school of Greek philo-
sophy, XXII. 562.
Dialects, xviii. 77t>.
Diallage, mineral, X. 235; XVL 41&
Dialling, vil 153.
Dialogite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Dialogue on Orators, by Tacitus,
x.xiii. 20.
Dialogues, Plato's, xix. 195.
ON Natural Religion, Hume'e^
xn. 355.
Dialysis, in pliysics, vii.^17.
Diam.^gnetic Bodies, xv. 244, 262.
DiaMj^gnetism, of flames, ix. 2S5.
DiAMiVNTE, Fra, Italian nainter, vn.
162.
DiAMANTINA, district, Queensland, XX.
171.
, or Tejnco, town, Brazil, vn., 162.
DiAMANTiNO, town, Brazil, vii. 162.
Dl\MASTIGOSIS, flogging of youths
Spartan custom, IX. 280.
Diameter, of circle, ratio of circum-
ference to, XXIIL 563.
DlAllOND, precious ctone, vii. 162;
XVI. 381; as carbon, v. 86; cutting of,
XIV. 29S; L 780; mining, XVL 455;
of Brazil, iv. 224; of India, XIL 766;
of S6uth Africa, v. 42, 46 ; XI. 204;
XXIIL 518; tools, XI. 439; XVL 443
Beetle, vi. 133.
Drill, in mining, XVT. 443.
Necklace, intrigue of the, zx.
623.
Peak, mountain, Oregon, TJ.S.A..
xvn. 822.
DiAN.t, Roman goddess (the Greek
Artcmjs), vil. 167; n. 643; XIIL 568;
her association with Apollo, II. 1S6;
temple of, at Ephesus, II. 406, 410;
VIII. 468.
Diana's Peak, St Helena, xxi. 17a
Diano, town, Italy, vii. 167.
DiANTHUS, genus of plants, XIX. 106.
Dlvason, organ pipe, xvii. 830.
Diaper, in architecture, 11. 463.
.kind ofcloth,XXin. 210; Japanese^
XIII. 590.
Diaphaneity, transparency, in min6-
rals, XVI. 373.
Diaphonometer, Saussure'a invention,
XXI. 324.
Dl aphony, in music, xvil. 81.
Diaphoretics, in medicine, viL 167.
DiAPHR.'iGM, of mammals, XV. 365 ; in
hxunan anatomy, XX. 476.
D I A — D I G
131
DiARBEKiR, or Diarbekr, town, Asiatic
Turkey, vii. i68; province, XXIIL 653.
DiARMAiT, Iiish king, XllL 25a
DiARRHCEA, disease, vii. 168.
DiARTHRODIAL JOINTS, 1. 833.
Diary of a Late Physician, by
S. Warren, xxrv. 373.
DiAS, Anjonio Gon9alves, Brazilian
poet and Hstorian, VII. 168.
, Bartolommeo, Portuguese navi-
gator, VII. 169; X. 18a.
Diaspora, the Jewish dispersion, XIII.
429
Diaspore, mineral, XVI. 387.
Diastaltic Spinal System, of Mar-
shall Hall, XI. 390.
Diastase, nitrogenous ferment, ix. 96;
IV. 267; XV. 338.
Diatessaron, Tatian's, xxil. . 824;
XXIII. 81.
Diatherma^icy, of air, in, 33.
DiATOMACEiE, subdivision of Algs, VII.
169; I. 50S; hieraatite deposits formed
by, XIII. 2S6.
Diatom Ooze, of North Sea, XVII. 563;
of Norwegian Sea, xvil. 593 ; of
Pacific Ocean, XVIII. 123.
Diatonic Scale, in music, i. 108 ;
XVII. 79, 91.
Diaz, Rodrigo, The Cid (q.v.), v. 773.
de la Pena, Narcisse Virgile,
French painter, vil. 171.
DiAZO-BoDiES, nitrogenous caroon c — -
pounds, xvii. 5 1 9.
DiBDiN, Charles, Engusn song-write?
and composer, vii. 171.
, Thomas, English dramatist, vil.
172.
, Thomas Frognall, English biblio-
grapher, VII. 172.
Dibranchiata, order of Mollusc XVI.
669.
DIERUGAEH, Station, Assam. India, xrv.
22 c,
DiBUTADES (Butades), Greek modeller
in clay, IV. 579.
DiCiEARCHiA (PozziuoU), ancient town,
Italy, XIX. -651.
DlCytARCHUS, Greek philosopher and
geographer, vn. 172; XviiL 54S;xxii.
2a
DiCHOPSiS GUTTA, Bpecies of trees, XI.
337-
Dichotomy, Law of. in osychology, xx.
79-
DiCHROiSM, in mineraiogy, xvi. 375.
DiCHROITE, mineral; xvi. 418.
Di-Chu, river, Tibet, XXIII. 339.
Dick, Thomas, Scottish writer, VIL 173.
, William, Scottish veterinarian,
XXIV. 199.
Bequest, for schools in North of
Scotland, i. 45.
Dickens, Charles, English novelist, vu.
173-
Dickenson, John, T:ng1i>;li pastoral
ooet, XV III. 346k
DiCKlNSONlTE, mineral, XVL 405.
Dickson, David, Scottish hymn-writer,
XII. 591.
Dicksonia, genus of tree-ferns, xxiii.
534-
Dickson's Glacier, Spitzbergen, xxii.
408.
Dicotyledonous Plants, iv. 92.
Dicotyledons, subclassof plants, xxiv.
i3'-
Dicotyles, genua of ungulate mammals,
xviii. 449; XXII. 775.
Dictator, in the Roman republic, viL
179.
Dictionary, Dictionaries, vil 179;
bibliographical, IIL 659 ; historical
and critical (Bayle's), III. 458; Arabic,
XVL 595 J English (Johnson's), XIII.
723; English (Webster's), XXIV. 474;
French (Fureti^re'sX IX. 839; French
^Littr^'sX XIV. 706 ; Sanskrit, XKl.
293.
Dictyonina, order of sponges, xxil.
422.
Dictyoptera. order of insects, xill.
152.
Dictys Cretensis, early Greek his-
torian, VII. 193; on the legends of
Troy, XX. 637.
Dicyemida, group of parasites, XVIII.
259; embryology of, XX, 419.
DiDASCALOCOPHUS, Dalgamo's work,
VI. 776.
DiDELPHiA, subclass of MaTTimalia, xv.
371, 378.
DiDELPHVS, genus of marsupial mam-
mals, XV. 380; xvu. 796.
DidemnidjE, family of "Tunicata, xxi'ii.
617.
Diderot, Denis, French Encyclopedist,
VIL 193; vni. 197; IX. 666, 668; his
connexion with Eaynal, xx. 302; his
relations with Rousseau, XXI. 25.
DIDIAN Law, Roman, XXII. 644.
DiDius JULlANUS, Roman emperor, XXI.
699.
Dido, legendary founder of Carthage,
VIL 196.
, Caucasian tribe, Xiv. 475.
and jCneas, PurceU's opera, xx.
"3-
DiDOT, family of French printers and
publishers, VII. 196.
DlDRON, Adolphe Napol&n. French
archseolcgict, VIL 196.
DiDUNCULUS, genus of birds, XIX. 420.
DIDYMIUM, chemical element, v. 542;
XIV. 291; spectrum of, XXII. 376.
DiDYMUS, of Alexandria, ecclesiastical
writer, vil. 196.
Die, in architecture, H. 463.
, for stamping medals, Vll. 197.
, town, France; vii. 197.
DlEBITSCH-SAEALKANSKI,IvauK.F.A.,
Count, Russian general, VII. 197.
DiEci Di LibertA e Pace, state
officers, Florence W. 146.
DiEDRiCH OF Bern, Legend of, xiiL
674; XVIL 475.
Diego Garcia, island, Indian Ocean,
XV. 642.
Diego Ruy's Island (EodriguezX
Indian Ocean, XX. 619,
Diego Suarez, bay, Madagascar, xv.
168.
DiEKlRCH, town, Luxemburg, xv. 87.
Dielectric, Faraday's theory of the,
VIII. 36.
Diej-enbeck, Abraham van, Flemish
painter, VIL 197.
Dieppe, town, France, viL 198; XXL
626.
Dies, Christoph Albert, German painter,
VII. 199.
Festi, in ancient Rome, IX. 114.
Geniales, Alessandri's work, I.
479-
Die Sinking, ii. 64; vil 197; Greek,
II. 362.
Dies Ir^ hymn, XIL 583; XXIII. 308;
XXIV. 781.
Diespiter (JupiterX Roman god, xill.'
780.
Disst, town, Belgium, vii. 199.
Diet, German state assembly, viL 199;
X. 463; history of, X. 501, 505, 508,
513; of Augsburg, q.v. (1530), V. 414;
of Koncaglia (1154), XIIL 472; (11 58),
XIII. 473; of Worms (1521), v. 414.
Dietetics, vii. 200; Lord Combermere's
rules of, VI. 1 8 1 ; Plutarch on, XIX. 234;
water in, XXIV. 399.
Dietrich, Christian Wilhelm Ernst,'
German painter, VII. 213;
Dietric.hite, mineral, XVL 402.
DiEZ, Friedrich Christian, German
philologist, VII. 214; XX. 668.
DiFFESSNCE, Mental perception of,
XX. 49, 80.
Differential Calcot-US, xiil ii, i>'
Differentiation, in biology, xvi. 79.
, in psychology, xx. 45.
Diffraction, of light, xxiv. 430, 442,
454-
Diffusion, in physiss, VIL 214; of
gases, XVI. 617.
, Psychological, XX. 46.
DiFFUSIVITY, Thermal, XI. 581, 586.
Digambaras, di\'ision of the Jains,
India, Xiii. 544.
Digarchi, town, Tibet, XXlll. 34a
Digby, Sir Kenekn, English physicist,
VII. 221.
Digenea, group of trematoda worms,
XXIII. 539.
DiGENis Acritas, Exploits of, modem
Greek poem, XI. 148, 150.
Digest, of Justinian, xiil. 793; xx.
712.
Digester, Steam,' Papin's, ^viii. 228.
Digestion, vil 207; xvn. 667.
Digestive Organs, vii. 221; of Am-
phibia, 1. 762; of birds, IIL 725; of
fishes, XIL 654; of mammals, XV. 36li
132
D r G — D I O
of reptiles, XX. 457; of trematode
worms XXIII. 536.
DiCGES, Leouaitl, his connexion with
invention of the telescope, xxni. 135.
Digit, measure of len:;th, xxiv. 483.
DIGIT.\LIS, genus of plants, vii. 237.
DlGlT.^T.\, group of chelonian i-eptiles,
xxill. 457.
Digits, in the skeleton, 1. S2S; XXII.
118; of mammals, xv. 359.
DiGNE, town, France, VII. 23S.
, La, island, Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, XXI. 725.
Dignity, or Precedence, Order of, xix.
660.
DiHANG, or Dihong, river, India and
Tibet, II. 71S; xxill. 341.
DiHVRITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
DlIPOLl.\, Greek festival, IV. 531; XXI.
137-
DlJON, towni, France, VII. 23S.
DiKA Butter, vegetable fat, xvii. 744,
746.
DiKA Nut, xvii. 664.
DiKRAN (Tigianes), Armenian kings,
xviii. 595, 600, 602; xxiii. 3S6.
DiLAPiD.\TiONS, in English law, vii.
239-
Dili, Megali and Mikri (Deles), islands,
Greece, VII. 51.
Diligence, in law, Vll. 239; in Scots
law,jcxiv. 697.
DiLKE, Sir Charles Wentwcrth, English
art organizer, VII. 240.
Dill, plant, vii. 240; 11. 57; xii. 289.
DiLLEN, or Dillenius, Jcljann Jakob,
Gennau boUmist, vil. 240.
Dillingen, town, Bavaria, vil. 240.
DlLLON,Wentworth,earl of Roscommon,
XX. S50.
DiLUviAN Epoch, ii. 335.
DiLUviUM.distingiushed from alluvium,
I. 5S9.
Dimensions, in geometry, vii. 240.
Dimethyl, in chemistry, xvi. 194.
DiMLAH, town, India, XX. 272.
DlMM.^, Book of, Irish MS., xviii. 15S.
Dimorphism, sexual specialization, xx I.
721.
Dl.MORPHlTE, mineral, XVI. 394,
DliMORPHODON, genus of fossil reptiles,
XX. 87.
DiNA Charivavva, manual of Buddhism,
_ IV. 436.
iJlNAjPUR, district and town, India, vii.
241.
DiN.\N, town, France, vii. 242.
DiNANDERiE, copper wares of Dinant,
Belgium, vii. 24'
DiNANX, town, Belgium, vii. 242;
destruction of, by Charles tlie Bold
(1466), V. 424.
DiNAPUR, tow-a, India, VII. 242; XViii.
409.
DiNARCHUS, Greek orator, VII. 242.
DiXAWARl, Arab historian, XXIII. 3
PiNDiCAL, tnw-a, India, xv. 192.
DlNDiNCS, territory and islan<l.s Straits
Settlements, Asia, xxil. 586, 5S7.
DlNG.\AN, or Dingane, Zulu chief,
x.xiii. 51S; XXIV. 828.
DiNGlsw.wo, Zulu chief, xxiv. 82S.
Dingo, wild dog of Austialia, iii. 112;
VIL 325; XV. 43S.
Dingwall, to\ni, Scotland, vii. 243 ;
XX. S54.
Dingy, kind of boat, xxi. S25.
DIXIFER.\, order of Protozoa, XIX. 859.
Diniz, king of Portugal, XIX. 542,
555-
DiNKEL, delineator of Agassiz's fossils,
L 275-
DiNKELSBUHL, town, Bavaria, viL 243.
DlNOCR.\TES, or Dinocliares, Greek
architect, vii. 243.
Dinoflagellata, class of Protozoa,
XIX. 859.
DiNOMYlDiE, family of rodent nmm-
mals, XV. 4!o.
D1NOPHID.E, family of snakes, xxii.
193. J97-
DiNORNis, gemis of extinct birds, vii.
243; lu. 731.
DiNOSAURiA, oi-der of fossil reptiles,
XX. 442.
Dinotherium, extinct ungulate mam-
mal, vii. 244; XV. 425.
DiN-TiR, nanw for Babyloir, III. 182.
Diocese, vil 244; 111. 7S7.
Diocles, of Carystus, on anatomy, I.
801.
, Syracusan demagogue, xxil. &i 5.
Diocleti.\n, Roman emperor, vii. 244;
XX. 777; baths of, at Rome, III. 436;
palace of, at Spalato, Dalmatia, xxil.
366.
, Era of, v. 716.
Dl0D.\Ti, Charles, friend of Milton,
XVI. 324.
, Giovanni, Swiss Reformed theo-
logian, VII. 245.
DiODON, genus of fislies, x. 685.
DiOdorus Siculus, Greek historian,
VII. 245.
DiCECls.M, in plants, xx. 42S.
Diogenes, Greek C\-nic philosopher,
VII. 245.
(Romaaus IV.), Roman emperor,
XX. 730.
of Apollonia. Greek physicbt, vii.
=45-
of Seleucia. Stoic philosopher,
XXII. 570.
, Antonius, Greek novelist, xx.
634.
LaeRTIUS, Greek writer, VII. 246;
on Aristotle's works, II. 513.
DiOLAS, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, XXI. 662.
Dio.MEUZA, genus of birds, I. 449; XV.
334-
DiOJiEDES, of Greek legend, vii. 246.
Dion, tyrant of S>Tacuse, Vll. 246;
XXIl. 19, 81&
DlON^EA MfSCiPULA, insectivorous
plant, XIII. 136.
Dion Cassius Cocceiakus, hLstorian
of Rome, vii. 246
Dion Chrysostom, Greek writer, vii.
247; XX. 634; on Indian epic poetry,
XXL 281.
DiONis, Peter, his lectures on anatomy,
l8ii.
DiONVSI.A, Greek festivals, vil. 247.
Dionysiacs, poem of Nonnus, xvii. 533.
DioNvsiAC Rites, Plirygia, xvii. 839;
xviii. S53.
Dionysian Period, in the calendar,
IV. 670.
DiONVSIUS, St (Denis), patron saint of
France, vil. 79; XVIII. 2S6.
, the AieojKigite, VII. 248; his work
on mysticism, XVII. 131 ; on tie
heavenly hierarchy, XL 792.
, the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse, VIU
247; XXIL 18, 815; coins of, XVII.
63S.
, the Younger, tjTant of Syracuse,
VII. 247; XXIL 19, 816.
of Halicainassus, Greek writer,
VII. 247; XL 144.
of Tell-Mahre, Syriac ^vrite^, xxil.
845.
BAR Salibi, Syriae writer, xxil.
851.
EXIGUUS, chronologist, vii. 248;
XJX. 492; his collection of the cau^rLS,
V. 16.
PERlEGtTES, Greek geographical
writer, VII. 24S.
Thra.x, Roman grammaiian, XI.
37-
Dionysus, Greek di\'inity (the Eomaji
Bacchus), VIL 24S; XVII. 128; orgies
of, XVII. S39.
Diophantus, Greek writer on algi.Ji«,
I. 511; on porisms, XIX. 520.
DlOPsroE, mineral, XVI. 416.
DiOPTASE, mineral, XVI. 411.
Dioptric, unit for mea.surement of
lenses, XXII. 373.
Dioptrics, Descartes's treatise on, vii.
125.
Dioptric System, for lightliouaes, xiv.
619.
Diorite, rock, X. 235.
DIOSCOREA, genus of planJs, XXIV. 727.
DioscoRIDES, Greek writer on materia.
medica, 11. 79: MS. of his work,
xviiL 147.
, island, Indian Ocean, XXIL 231.
Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), in Greek.
legend, v. 199.
DiOSCURlAS (Iskunah), ancient Greek
colony, Caucasus, xvi. 437.
DioscuRlDES, Greek gem-engraver, x.
140.
DiOSPOLIS, Palestine, Synod of, on
Pelagianit-m, xviii. 472.
Magna "(Thebe-«), ancient tDwu,
Egypt, Vll. 776.
D I O — D I V
133
DiosPYROS, genus of trees, vil. 619;
XVI ;i. 661.
Dip, of rocks, x. 298.
, Magnetic, xv. 221, 227.
Circle, magnetic instrument, XVI.
159.
DIPHANITE, mineral, XVI. 413.
Diphtheria, disease, vii. -249.
Diphthongs, Pronunciation of, XXII.
3S2.
DiPHVLLA ECAUDATA, Uood-sucking
Ijat, XXIV. 52.
DlPHVLLIDyE, fami}y of tapeworms,
XXIII. 54.
Diploma, Ancient forms of, vn.
254.
Diplomacy, vii. 251; l 658.
Diplomatic Precedence, xiii. 193;
XIX. 667.
Diplomatics, science dealing with
ancient documents. VII. 253.
DiPLOPODA. order of Myriapoda, xvn.
118.
Diploptera, grouT) of insects. XXIV.
391.
DiPLOSOMiDiE family of Tunicata,
xxiii. 617.
DIPLOZOON Paradoxum, species of
treinatode worms, XXIII. 539.
Dipnoi, suborder of fishes, xn." 686;
XIV. 468; in Lankester's classification,
XXIV. 8 I 2.
DlPODiD.t, subfamily of rodent
mammals, xv. 419.
DlPPEL, Johann Conrad, German theo-
logian and alchemist, vil, 255.
Dippel's Animal Oil. or Bone
Naphtha, xvii. 175.
Dipper, bird, xviii. 75.
Piprotodon, fos.sil marsupial mammal,
XV. 383; XX. 172.
J)ipsadid;e, family of snakes, XXIL
193-
Dipsomania, alcoholic maanity, xili.
102, 109.
DiPTERA, order of insects, vn. 255 ;
XIII. 150; mimicry in, XVI. 343.
DIPTERIX, genus of trees, XXIIL 443.
DiPTEROS, in architecture^ II. 463.
Diptych, Roman writing tablet, vjl.
257; XVIII. 143.
Dipus, genus of rodent mammals, xill.
626; XV. 419.
DiR/E, the Furies, in Roman mythology,
IX. 840.
DiRCE, in Greek legend, vn. 257.
DlRCEU (T. A. Gonzaga), Portuguese
poet, X. 772.
DlRCKS, Henry, on nerpetual motion,
XVIII. 554.
DiKCKs's Ghost, optical illusion, xiv.
5S7-
Direct-Acting Engines, xxir. 512,
514.
Directory, The French, ix. 608.
OF Public Worship, Scottish,
XIV. 711; IX. 746.
DiRHEM, Arab coin, Xvn. 654.
Dirk I.-VII., counts of Holland, xn.
71-
Dirschau, town, Prussia, Vii. 257.
Dis, Koman god (the Greek Pluto), xix.
236.
Disabilities, Eoman Catholic, in Eng-
land, XX. 632.
Disappoint.ment, Psychological ana-
lysis of, XX. 70.
Discharge, Soldier's, in British army,
n. 575.
iJlsciNiD^ family of Brachiopoda, iv.
194.
Discipline, Church, viii. 800; xvni.
485.
, First Book of, in Scottish Church,
XIX. 6S1; XIV. 132; XXI. 503; Second
Book of, XIX. 681; XXI. 503.
, Military, XXIV. 353.
Discobolus, statue by Myron, xvn.
120.
Discomedus.«, order of Hydrozoa, xn.
556.
Discomycetes, siiborderof Fungi, IX.
833; XXIV. 127; parasitic forms,
XVIII. 267.
Discophora, order of Annelida, 11. 69.
Discordia, m Greek mythology, vin
524.
Discords, Musical, xvii. 82.
Discorsi, Machiavelli's treatise, XV.'
149.
Discount, in commerce, calculation of,
n. 536; rates of, from 1694 to 1845,
111. 330.
Agencies, in. 328.
Discourse of Method, Descartes's,
vn. 119.
Discourses upon Trade, ty Sir
Dudley North, XVII. 554.
Discoveries, Remarkable, in chrono-
logical table, V. 720.
Discovery, Geographical, x. 175.
DISCRASITE, mineral, XVI. 392.
Discus, Greek quoit, vn. 258.
Disease, defined, xv. 794; science of
(pathology), xviii. 361 : germ theory
of, Xxi. 400, 407; homoeopathic theory
of, XII. 126; as attributed to demons,
vn. 61; due t« parasites, XVIII. 260:
prevention of, XII. 568.
Diseased Meat, xv. 782.
Disgrazia, Monte dclla. North Italy,
XXIV. 45.
Disinfectants, vii. 258; n. 136; iv.
361; xn. 569.
Dislocation, in surgery, vn. 258.
Dismal Swamp. United States, vil.
259.
DisNA, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
Dispensaries, Provident, xn. 305.
Dispensation, relaxation of law, vn.
259.
Dispersion, The. of the Hevra, xill.
420, 429.
OF Light, xiv. 592, 601.
Displacement, D.\-namicai, vii. 581 ;
law of, in ships, xxi. 812.
Disputations, -Academic, viii. 777.
Disraeli, Benjamin (Lord Beacons-
field), English statesman, VIII. 367.
D'Israeli. Isaac, English writer, vn.
259.
Disruption, The, of the Church of
Scotland, V. 377; ix. 742; XXI. 538.
Diss, town, England, xvn. 536.
Dissociation, Cliemical, DjviUe's work
on, V. 475; XXI. 166.
Dissolving Views, with mfgiclanterna,
XV. 213. '
Dissonance, Intervals of, in muaie,
xvn. 105.
Distafj, for spinning, XIV. 664.
Diste.\rin, in chemistry, X. 697.
Distemper, disease in dog?, xxiv. 205.
, or Tempera, method of pointing,
KXin. 157; xvn. 39.
Disthene, mineral, xvi. 408.
Distillation, vn. 260; of spirits, vn.
264; of spirits, in Ireland, XIll. 333;
of sulphur, XXII, 635; of wood and
coal, XXIII. 57.
Distoechurus, genus of marsnoial
mammals, XVIII. 729.
Distoma Haematobium, trematod*
worm, XVIII. 271.
DistomiDjE, family of _treraatodcS,
XXIII. 539.
, family of Tunicata, XXin. 617.
Distraint, Law of, vn. 266: its effects
on agriculture, I. 407.
Distress, Law of, vn. 266; xiv. 274,
276; XX. 402.
Distributing, of types, xxin. 701.
Distribution, of animals, vn. 267; iil
684; of fishes, XII. 668; of mammals,
XV. 373; of reptiles, XX. 465; of
sponges, XXII. 427; of nlant^?, vn. 286;
III. 684.
Distributions, Staiute of, xni. 197.
Distributor, Manure, agricultural
implement, I. 321.
District of Columbia, U.S.A., *i.
'168; xxiv. 382; population, xxin.
802.
Ditchling Beacon, Susse?.. England.
XXII. 723.
DiTHiONic Acid, v. 507.
Dithmarschen, or Ditmaish, district,
Holstein, vn. 291; XXI. 415.
Dithyr^mbic Verse, Invention of, 11.
502.
Ditmarsh, district, Holst'jin, vil 19: ;
XXL 415.
DiTTON, Humphry, English uiatbenm-
tician, vn. 291:
DiU, island and seaport, India, VII. 29J.
Diuretics, in medicine, vii. 291.
DiURNATlON, day-sleep, of bats, Kl.
788.
Divan, or Diwan, Eastern Govemmeui
office, VII. 292; XVI. 5S9, 591.
, The, Hafiz's poem, XL 5^7.
134
D I V — D O L
Diver, bird, vii. 292.
Diversions of PurlEy, Home Tooke'a
treatise, XXIII. 445.
DiVES, river, France, XVIII. 1.
DiviDIVI, astringent pods, Vll. 292; XIV.
382.
Divi.VA COMMEDIA, Dante's, VI. 815;
XIII. 503.
Divination, levelation by omens, vii.
293; II. 204; XV. 199; its connexion
with ordeals, XVII. 819; in relation to
priestliood, xi.x. 725; Stoic doctrine
of, XXII. 570; ancient Roman, III. 72;
XI. 500; in Lapland, XIV. 307.
Divine, Tlic, Xames expressive of, XXIII.
=35-
Dialogues, Henry More's, xvi.
815.
Right, of kings,xix. 672; Filmei''6
theory of, IX. 166.
Diving, vii. 294; xxii. 771.
Bell, vii. 294.
Divining Rod, vii. 293; xi. 549.
Division, in algebra, i. 524; ia arith-
metic, II. 528.
, in logic, xiv. 785.
Divisors, Tables of, xsiii. 7.
DivoDURUM (Metz), ancient to^vn,
France, xvi. 204.
DlvoNA (Cahors), ancient town, France,
IV. 642.
Divorce, Law of, vii. 300; in New-
Hampshire, U.S.A., xvii. 392; Milton
on, XVI. 329.
Divus Julius, Temple of, at Rome,
XX. 8 1 8.
DiWALCiRi, or Dhawaiagiri, mountain,
Himalayas, XVII. 340.
DiWAN, or Divan, vii. 292; xvi. 5S9,
591.
DixcovE, settlement, West Africa, x.
755-
DiXMERlE, Nicolas Bricaire de la,
French writer, XIV. 198
DlxoN, George, English navigator, vil.
305.
. — , Jeremiah, English astronomer, xv.
611.
Diz, cr Dizful, river, Persia, XV. 68;
XVIII. 620.
DiZFUL, town, Persia, Vll. 305; XVlll.
627.
DjEBAlL (Jebeil), ancient town, Syria,
XIII. 613.
DjEDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, xill.
691; XX. 316.
DjERNANG, resin, VII. 389.
OjiDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, xill.
691; XX. 316.
DjiLOLO (Jilolo), island, Indimi Archi-
pelago, XIII. 692.
DjouN, Syria, Lady Hester Stanhope's
villa at, XXII. 450.
DJUSTENDIL (Kostendd), town, Bul-
garia, Turkey, XIV. 143.
Dlugosz, Jan, Polish historian, xix.
300.
Dmitri (Demetrius), The False, Russian
pretender, xix. 294; XXI. 94, loS.
DONSKOI, prince of Moscow, XXI.
91.
IVANOVICH, prince of Russia,
assassination of, XXi. 93.
Dmitrieff, Ivan Ivanovitch, Russian
statesman and poet, Vll. 305; XXI. 106.
Dmitroff, to-wn, Russia, vii. 305.
D.mitrovsk, tovm, Russia, viL 306;
xvii. 826.
Dnieper, river, Russia, vii. 306; xxi.
73) 575; XXll. 183; its mouth, xvii.
72-J-
Dniester, river, Russia, vii. 306; ill.
615; xix. 254; XXI. 73; its mouth,
XVII. 724; in Austria, 111. !i6.
Doab, Indian geographical term, VII.
307; x:{. 107; of Jalandhar, XIII. 545.
DOANE, Bishop G. W., American hymn-
WTiter, XII. 596.
DoBBERAN, or Doberan, town, Germany,
VII. 308.
DocEO, town, Aru Islands, Indian
Archipelago, II. 670.
DOBELL, Sydney, English poet, Vll. 307;
his relations with Alexander Smith,
XXII. 172.
DOBELN, town, Saxony, VII. 30S.
Doberan, town, Germany, vii. 308.
DOBLER, Louis, German conjuror, XV.
209.
Dobrentei, Gabor, Hungarian philo-
logist, VII. 30S.
DOBRlZHOFFER,JIartin,RomanCatholic
missionary, VII. 308; his history of
the Abipones, 1. 50; VL 138; on
mythology, XVII. 145.
DOEROWSKV, or Dobrovsky, Joseph,
Slavonic philologist, vu. 308; XXII.
152.
DoBRUDJA, or Dobrudscha, district and
province, Roumania, VII. 309; XXI.
14, 21; XXIII. 653.
DOBSCHAU, or Dobsina, town, Hungary,
•VII. 309.
DOBSON, William, English painter, VII.
309-
DOBUNI, ancient people, England, XVIII.
94.
DOCET/E, neretica in early church, vii.
309-
DOCHMIUS, genus of nematode worms,
XVII. 325.
DociMiA, Turkey in A^ia, Marble quar-
ries of, XIV. 2.
Dock, plant, vii. 309.
Docks, for ■ships, xi. 465; of London,
XIV. 831.
DocKWRA, William, founder of London
penny post, XIX. 565.
Dockyards, Naval, Vll. 310; at Ports-
month, XIX. 535.
DOCMAC, fish, XXII. 68.
Doctor, title, vii. 319.
Faustus, Marlowe's, xv. 556
Doctors' Commons, vii. 719.
Doctrinaires, French political narty,
VII. 319; XI. 269.
Dodabetta, mountain, India, xv. 184^
XVII. 509.
Dodd, Dr William, English divine, vii.
319-
Dodder, parasitic plant, vn. 319;
XVIII. 264.
Doddridge, Philip, English Noncon-
formist divine, vii. 320; hymns by,
xii. 593.
Dodecahedron, in geometry, x. 388;
crystals, xvi. 348, 351.
Dodecastyle, in architecture, 11. 463.
Doderlein, Johann Christoph, Ger-
man philologist, VII. 320.
Dodo, extinct bird, vii. 321; III. 732;
XV. 641
D0D0N.\, Temple of, Greece, Vll. 322.
Dodsley, Robert, English writer and
bookseller, vii. 323.
Dodwell, Edward, English antiquary,
VII. 3:3-
, Henry, English controversialist,
VII. 323; on deism, vil. 35.
Doe, John, and Richard Roe, in law,
VII. 792.
Does, Jan van der (Dousa), Dutch
statesman and poet, vii. 378.
Dog, Dogs, vii. 324; xv. 355, 437;
Arabian, II. 243; Eg\-ptian, vii. 712;
tailless breeds, IV. 24S; wild, of India,
Xll. 741; diseases of, XXIV. 205. 206;
rabies in, xil. 546; xx. 199.
Doge, ruler of Venice, vii. 331; xili.
479; XXIV. 141.
, ruler of Genoa, vil. 332.
DoG-FlSH, species of sharks, vil. 332^
XII. 6S5; XXI. 774; organs of touch
in, .XXIII. 478; of British Columbia,
VI. 170.
Dogger Bank, North Sea, xvii. 563;
fisheries of, ix. 249.
Dogmatic, in theology, vii. 332; of
Origen, xvii. 841 ; of Theodoret, xxill.
256.
Dogra, Punjab tribe, India, XX. no.
Dog's Grotto, Naples, Italy, xxiv.
399-
Dog Tick, arachnid, xvi. 529.
Dog-Tooth, in architecture, 11. 463
Dogwood, plant, vii. 342.
DoHNA, Christoph von, his letters on
Sarpi, XXI. 312.
DOHRN, Anton, German naturalist,
XXIV. 183; his doctrine of animal
degeneration, XXIV. 811.
DoKTHOL, region, Tibet, XXIII. 34a
Dol, town, France, Vll. 342.
DOLABELLA, Publius Comelius, Roman
general, vii. 343.
DoLANOR, town, Mongolia, XIV. 230.
DOLBE.^R, Prof., his condenser telephone,
XXIII. 129.
Dolce, Luigi, Italian writer, vii. 343.
DoLCi, Carlo, Italian painter, viu
343-
D O L — D O R
135
DOLCINISTS, or Apostolici, Christian
eect, II. 198.
Do LCI NO, Fra, leader of the Dolcinists,
II. 198.
DoLCOATH Mine, Cornwall, England,
XVI. 452.
D6le, town, France, vil. 344.
, mountain, Switzerland, XIII. 781.
DOLET, Etienne, French echoliir and
printer, VII. 344
DOLCELLY, town, Wales, vii. 345.
DOLCORUKI, Alexia, Russian prince,
XXI. 98.
, George, prince ot tsuzdal, Russia,
XXI. 89.
DOLIOLUM, genus of Tunicata, XXIII.
609, 615.
Dollar Law, mountain, Scotland,
XVIIL 451.
DoLLART Zee, North Sea, xvii. 563.
DOLLINGER, Johann J. I., leader of the
Old Catholics, XVII. 754.
DOLLOND, John, English optician, VII.
345; his double-image micrometer,
XVI. 250; his object-glasses for tele-
Bcopes, XXIII. 138, 142.
Dolmens, stone monuments, II. 3S3;
XXI. 52; at Carnac, Fiance, v. 118.
DOLOMIEU, Dc"odat G. S. T. Gratet de,
French mineralogist, VII. 345.
Dolomite, mineral, x. 228, 232; XV.
217; XVI. 397; in the Alps, i. 630.
J)0L0PES, ancient inhabitants of Scyros,
Greece, XXI. 574.
boLORiDA, Do Vigny's poem, XXIV.
226.
Dolphin (Delphinus, etc.), cetacean
mammal, vii. 346; xv. 352, 392, 399;
XIX. 521; distribution of, vii. 280.
(Coryphsena), fish, vil. 346 ; XIl.
690,
, in Greek niytlioiogy, II. 502.
Rise, elevation in Atlantic, III. 17.
Dom, mountain, Switzerland, xxiv. 31.
, or Domberg, part of Keval, Russia,
XX. 495.
EJOMAIRI (Damiri), Arabian naturalist,
VI. 794; XVI. 597.
DOMAT, Jean, French jurisconsult, vil.
346.
DOMBROWSKI, Jan Henryk, Polish
general, VII. 347.
Dome, in architecture, VII. 347; intro-
duction of, into Italy, II. 435.
DOME-Boc, King Alfred's register, VII.
35°-
DiSme Mountains, France, xx. 119.
Domenichino, or Domenico, Zampieri,
Italian painter, .vil. 348; xx. 396.
Domenico Bigordi, Italian painter,
X. 567.
Domenico Buonvicini, Fra, disciple
of Savonarola, XXI. 337.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, xxi.
671.
Doxiesday Book, vii. 349; viii. 294.
Domestication, of animals, i. 84,;
XXIV. 78; its influence on breeding,
IV. 248; on instinct, XIIL 159; of
plants, IV. 248; XXIV. 78.
Domestic Servants, in United States,
XXIII. 822.
Domett, variety of flannel, IX. 292.
Domeykite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Domicile, in law, vii. 351; xiii. 191;
as affecting marriage, vii. 305.
Dominic, St, founder of Dominican
order, vil. 353; xvi. 710; as inquisitor,
XIII. 92.
Dominica, island, West Indies, vii. 354;
population, XXIV. 51a
Dominical Letter, in the calendar, iv.
669.
Dominican Republic, West Indies,
II. 546.
Dominicans, mendicant order of monks,
vii. 354; XVI. 710; their connexion
with the Inquisition, XIII. 93
Dominion, Arms of, in heraldry, XI.
688.
OF Canada, iv- 765.
Dominique (Dominica), island, West
Indies, VII. 354.
DOMINis, Marc Antonio de, Italian
theologian and man of science, VII.
355-
DOMINUS AC Kedemptor, brief sup-
pressing the Jesuits, XIII. 655.
Domitian, Roman emperor, vii. 355;
XX. 773; Statius's praise of, XXII. 467.
DOMOSTROI, early Russian work, XXI.
104.
DOMPO, state, Sumbawa, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXII. 641.
Don, river, Russia, VII. 356; XXI. 74;
mouth of, XX. 862; Cossacks of the,
VI. 449.
Donaghadee, town, Ireland, VII. 357.
Donald l.-II., kings of Scotland, xxi.
478.
Bain, king of Scotland, XXI. 481.
Donaldson, James, on husbandry, i.
300.
, John William, English philologist,
VIL 357.
DoNATELLO, Italian sculptor cni painter,
VII. 358; XXI. 568.
DONATI, Giovanni Battista, Italian astro-
nomer, VII. 359; his comet, II. 815.
Donatio Mortis Causa, in law, xxiv.
573-
Donatists, early Christian sect, vil.
359; Augustine's relations witrh, III. 77.
Donatus, bishop of Casffi Nigr;e, vii.
359-
, jElius, Roman grammarian and
rhetorician, VII. 360; x>;. 726.
Magnus, bishop of Carthage, vii.
359-
Donau (Danube, q.v.), river of Europe,
VI. 819.
Donauworth, town, Bavaria, vii. 360.
Don Carlos, Schiller's drama, XXI.
396.
DONCASTER, town, England, vii. 3bi;
population, xxiv. 748; hoi-so-raciug at,
XIL 201.
Don Cossack Country, Russia, vii.
356; VI. 449; XXI. 6g.
DONDUK Ombo, Mongol riiler, xvi. 745.
Donegal, county, Ireland, vii. 361;
jxipulation and representation, XXIII.
727; town, VII. 361.
DONETZ, river, Russia, VII. 356; XXI.
74-
Dongala, district, Celebes, v. 290.
Dongan, Thomas, governor, New York,
xviL 455.
Don Giovanni, Mozart's opera, vii;
357; XVIL II.
Donco (Angok), district, West Africa,
IL 45.
Dongola, to-vvn, Egypt, VII. 363.
DONGOLAWI, people, Nubia, xvil. 612.
Donizetti, Gactano, Italian musical
composer, Vli. 363; xvii. 99.
Donjon, in architecture, 11. 464, 466.
Don Juan, of European legend, vil.
357-
Don Juan, Molicre's play, xvi. 62S.
Donkola (Dongola), town, Egvpt, VII.
363.
Donne, John, English poet and divine,
VII. 364.
Donner, Lake, Nevada, U.S.A., xvil.
367.
Donnier, Colonel, French officer in
Tong-King, xxill. 442.
Donniges, Helena von, her relations
with Lassalle, XIV. 321.
Donnybrook, village, Ireland, vil. 495.
Donovan, Edward, English naturalist,
VII. 365; on British birds, xvill. 9.
Don PasqUALE, Donizetti's opera, VII.
364-
Don Quixote, of Cervantes, v. 352;
XXII. 358.
DOOLIN OF ■ Mayence, romance, XX.
652.
Doom (or Doum) Palm, of Arabia, u.
237; XVIII. 190.
Doondiah, Indian chieftain, XXIV. 494.
Doon of Mayence, romance, xx.
652.
DOOPSGEZINDEN (Mennonites), Dutch
religious sect, XVI. 12.
Door, in joinery, IV. 491.
Doorkeepers (Ostiarii), in orders of
Roman Catholic Church, XVII. 820.
Dopplerite, mineral, XVI. 429.
Doppler's Principle, of wave-move-
ments, XIV. 614; as applied to radi-
ation, XX. 21&
Dora Baltea, river, Italy, xill. 435.
Dora Riparia, river, Italy, xiil. 435
Doras, genus of fishes, xxil. 68.
DORAT, or Daurat, Jean, French poet
and scholar, vi. 835; xx. 84; xXL
363-
Dorchester, to'UTi, England, vn. 365.
town, New Brunswck, XVII..375.
136
D O R — D R A
DoRCOPSis, genus of marsupial mam-
mals, XIII. 84b.
DORDOGNE, department and river,
France, vii. 365.
Dordrecht (Dort, q.v.), town, Holland,
vil. 373-
DoRE, Monts, mountains, France, xx.
119.
DORIA, Andrea, Genoese admiral, vil.
366; X. 157.
, Lamba, Genoese admiral, xix. 406.
Dorian Laws, xv. 95.
Dorians, people, ancient Greece, VII.
366; XI. go, 92.
Doric Dialect, of Greek, xi. 133.
Doric Order, of architecture, 11. 403,
409; Roman Doric, II. 418.
DoridiD/E, family of Mollusca, xvi. 655.
Doris, district, ancient Greece, Vll. 368.
, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 657.
Dorking, town, England, vii. 368;
XXII. 694.
Fowls, i. 401; xix. 645.
DORL^ANS, Louis, French poet, Vll. 368.
Dormer Window, in architecture, 11.
463.
DoRHtlTOR, mountain, Montenegro, XVI.
780.
DORMIJORY, in architecture, II. 463.
Dormouse, rodent mammal, vii. 368;
XV. 418; hibernation of, XI. 788.
Dornbirn, or Dornbiihren, town,
Austria, VII. 368.
Dornoch, town, Scotland, xxn. 727..
DOROG, Hajdu, to\vn, Hungary, XI. 377,
DOROGOBUSH, or Dorogobuzh, town,
Russia, VII. 369; XXII. 183.
DOROGOI, or Dorohoi, town, Roumania,
VII. 369.
DoROTHEUS, Roman jurist, vii. 369;
XIII. 794.
, bishop of Marcianopolis, his rela-
tions with Nestorianism, XVII. 353.
DORP, to^vn, Prussia, vii. 369.
DORPAT, or Dorpt, to;vn, Russia, vii.
369; observatory at, XVII. 714; obser-
vatory telescope, xxilf. 148; univer-
sity, XXIII. 845.
DORRINGTON. Theophilus, hymns by,
xn. 592.
DORSAL Vertebrae, Anatomy of the, I.
821.
D'Orsav, Count, French savant, vil. 369.
Dorse-t, county, England, vii. 370;
population and representation, xxiii.
727.
, First Earl of, English poet, vii.
372-
, Sixth Earl of, English politician
and poet, vu. 373.
Sheep, i. 392.
Dorsibranchs, section of Annelida, 11.
66.
Dort, to^vn, Holland, vu. 373; synod
of (1578), XIX. 696; synod of (1618),
Vll. 374; XII. 78.
Dortmund, town, Germany, vii. 374.
Dory, or John Dpry, fish, vil. 374.
Doryl^UM, Phry'gia, Battle of (1097),
VI. 625.
Dorylaus, ancestor of Strabo, xxil.
580.
Dosf Mohammed, Afghan ruler, i.
240.
D ostoie VSKI, Feodor M., Russian \vrit sr,
XXI. 108.
Douai, town, France, vii. 375; college
at, I. 441.
Douany, town, Comoro Islands, Africa,
VI. 221.
Douarnenez, town, France, vil. 375.
Dou.\y, or Douai, town, France, vil.
375; college at, l. 441.
Double Bass Viol, xxiv. 243, 245.
DOUBLEDAY, Thomas, English writer,
VII. 375.
Double Entry, in book-keeping, iv.
45-
Doublet and Hose, medieval dress.
VI. 468.
Doublet de Persan, Madame, French
journalist, XVII. 425.
Doubs, department, France, VII. 375;
river, Xiil. 7S2; xx. 528.
Douce, Francis, English antiquary, vii.
376.
Hill, Wicklow, Ireland, xxrv.
557-
Douche Baths, hi. 439.
Douglas, town, Isle of Man, vii. 376;
XV. 453.
, knight of Liddesdale, XXI. 489.
, Eirb of, XXI. 490, 491, 493.
, Gav.-ain, or Gavin, Scottish poet,
VII. 376.
, George, favourite of Mary, queen
of Scots, XV. 599.
, James, fourth carl of Morton,
regent of Scotland, xvi. 849; XXI.
506.
, James, second duke of Queens-
berry, XX. 170.
, Stephen Arnold, American states-
man, VII. 377; xxiu. 772.
, Sir William, Scottish chief, xxi.
487.
, The Tragedy of, Home's drama, XII.
108.
Spruce, tree, ix. 224.
DouM Palm, of Arabia, 11. 237; xviii.
190.
DOUNE Castle. Perthshire, Scotland,
xviiL 667.
Dour, town, Belgium, vii. 378.
Dourdan, town, France, xxi. 625.
DouRO, river, Spain and Portugal, xxil.
295; mouth of, XVII. 795.
DousA, or Douza, Janus (Van der Does),
Dutch statesman and poet, vii. 378;
XXIII. 850.
Dou.viLLE, Jean Baptiste, French tra-
veller, VII. 378.
Douw, Gerhard, Flemish painter, vil
379-
Doux, river, France, xx. 528.
Dove, bird, vii. 379; xix. 84, 647.
, Heiurich W., his syreu, i. 109.
Dover, town, England, vii. 380; xiv.
39; treaty of (1670), IX. 576.
, to%vn, Delaware, U.S.A., vii. 381.
, town. New Hampsliire, U.S.A,
/ll. 381; XVII. 392.
, Lord, English \mter, VII. 381.
Castle, Kent, England7v. 198.
Straits, Proposed tunnelling of,
x.xiii. 623.
Dovre Fjeld, moimtains, Norway,
XVIL575.
Dow, or Douw, Gerhard, Flemish
painter, vil. 379.
, Lorenzo, American preacher, vu.
381-
DovValton, Wigtown, Scotland, Cran-
nogs of, VI.. 552; xxiv. 563.
Dowlais Iron Works, Wales, Blowing
engine at, III. 550.
Dowletabad, tov.Ti and fortress, Incua,
VII. 381.
Down, county, Ireland, vu. 382; popu-
lation and representation, xxill. 727.
Downham Market, to^vn, England,
XVII. 536.
Downing College, Cambridge, Vf.
731-
Downing Street, London, xiv. 839.
Downpatrick, town, Ireland, vu.
383-
Castle, Mayo, Ireland, XV. 651.
Downs, Sussex, England, xxii. 723.
Down Survey of Irish Lands, Sir
William Pett/s book, xvill. 724.
Doxology, vii. 384.
Doxopater, Johannes, Greek rheto-
rician, XI. 147.
Doyen, Gabriel Franfois, rrench
painter, vii. 384.
Doyle, John, English caricaturist, v.
105.
, Richard, English caricaturist, v.
105.
Drac^na, stove plant, xil. 266.
Drachm, Greek money, XVil. 631.
, or Drachma, weight, XXIV. 487.
Draco, Athenian legislator, VII. 384;
XI. 96.
Dracontiasis, disease, xviix. 271.
Dr!agmastra Normani, species of
sponges, XXIL 418.
Dragomans, interpreters, Greek, at
Constantinople, XI. 124.
Dragon, fabulous monster, vii. 385.
, in heraldry, XI. 701.
, lizard, vii. 3S5; xiv. 736.
Fly, insect, vil. 385; XIII. 152.
Dragonnades, persecution of Protes-
taifts in France, XV. 27, 305.
Dragon's Blood, resin, vii. 309 ;
XVIII. 191.
Dragoons, cavalry, v. 202.
Dragosh, traditional founder of Mol-
davia, X-'CL 18.
T) R A — D R U
137
DraguiGNAN, town, France, vii. 389;
population, xxiv. 69.
Drainage, for sewage, xxi. 713; in
London, xiv. 826; in Paris, xvili.
280; of houses, IV. 467; XXI. 714.
, of mines, xvi. 457.
Acts, Agi-icultural, England, 1. 334.
Draining, in agriculture, I. 328; in
relation to manuring, XV. 508; of the
Fens, England, III. 4S2; XIV. 653; of
Haarlem Meer, Holland, xi. 356; of
Lake Celano, Italy, V. 2S6; imple-
ments for, I. 333.
Drains, for houses, iv. 467; xxi, 714.
, Open, in hill pastures, I, 402.
Drake, Sir Francis, English admiral
and navigator, vii. 389; X. 184; his
astrolabe, XVII. 252.
, Friedrich, German sculptor, xxi.
566.
Drakenberg, mountains. South Africa,
XVII. 240; xxiii. 517.
Drakenborch, Arnold, Dutch scholar
and editor, VII. 390.
Drama, vii. 391; censoi-ship of, xxiii.
.227; the Ij-rical, music of, XVII. 86;
modern theatres, XXIII. 224; panto-
mime, xviii. 215; English, viii. 419;
in time of Shakespeare, xxi. 759, 761;
its place and influence in English "litera-
ture, VIII. 416; French, IX. 644; in
tune of Corneille, VI. 420; of Moli^re,
XVI. 625; of Racine, xx. 205; Greek,
XI. 140 ; Indian, XXI. 284 ; Italian,
XIII. 506; Persian, XVIII. 660; Polish,
XIX. 303; Portuguese, XIX. 556; Pro-
venjal, XIX. 876; Spanish, XXII. 356,
358; Swedish, XXII. 754, 756.
Dramatic Poetry, xix. 264.
Dramatis Persons, vii. 394.
Dramburg, town, Prussia, vii. 444.
Drammen, town, Norway, vii. 444;
XVII. 5S2.
Drams Elv, river, Norv/ay, xvii. 575.
Drance, river, Switzerland, XX. 527.
Drangiana (Slstan), district, Persia,
xviii. 586; XXII. lOI.
Dr.\per, Henry, his observatory, at
Hastings, New York, U.S.A., XVii.
715-
Drapier's Letters, bv Swift, xxii.
766.
Draughts, game, vii. 444.
Dravida, South- Indian peoples, xxill.
41.
Dravidian Languages, xviii. 779.
DravidiaKs, Indian races, xii. 778;
xxiii. 41.
Drawing, delineation, vn. 446; litho-
graphic, XIV. 698; mathematical, xv.
628; perspective in, xix. 806.
Paper, Sizes of, xviii. 226.
Dravton, Michael, English poet, Vll.
451 ; XVIII. 346 ; his Polyolbion, I.
501.
Dream, Dreams, vii. 452, 293; xv.
201; XXI L 157; phantoms of, regarded
as demons, vil. 62; Artemidorus on,
n. 642
Dredge, The Naturalist's, vn. 459; its
use in zoological study, XXIV. 814.
Dredge's Suspension Bridge, iv.
323-
Dredging, in engineering, vii. 463; of
rivers, xx. 57S.
Dred Scott Case, United States,
XXIII. 772.
Dreikretch.\m (Kamenz), town.
Saxony, XIII. S32.
Dreissena, genus of MoDusca, xvi.
689.
Drelincourt, Charles, French Cal-
vinist, VII. 467.
Dreme, The, Sir David Lyndsa/s poem,
XV. 107.
Drenthe, province, Holland, xil. 64;
dolmens in, XXI. 52.
Drepanophorus, genua of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
Drepanum, or Drepana (Trapani),
ancient town, Sicily, XXIII. 522.
Dresden, town. Saxony, vii. 468; xxi.
358; battle of (1813), XVII. 220; peace
of (1745), IX. 586; libraries, XIV. 527,
546; organ in royal Catholic church,
XVII. 837; picture gallery, XXI. 445;
porcelain ware of, XV. 831; XIX. 639.
China, works at Meissen, Saxony,
XV. 831; XIX. 639.
Dress, costume, vi. 453; Uws against
extravagance in, XXII. 644.
Dreux, town, France, VII. 469.
Drew, Samuel, English theologian, vii
469.
Dreyse, Johann Nicholas von, inventor
of the needle-gun, vil. 470.
Dried Fruits, xix. 707.
Driffield, to-n-n, England, vii. 470.
Drift Fisheries, ix. 250.
Drift Period, in geology, x. 365, 368;
caves of, II. 337.
Driftway, in tunnelling, xxiii. 622.
Drill, ape, xv. 477.
, boring tool, XI. 438; mining imple-
ment, XVI. 443, 446.
, implement for soning, I. 320.
, Military, XXIV. 344, 355.
Drilling-Machine, xv. 155.
Drinking Cup, in Eoman pottery,
XIX. 618.
Drios, port, Paros, iEgean Sea, XviIi.
319-
Drissa, town, Eussia, xxi v. 262.
Driva, river, Norway, xvil. 575.
Driver, in applied mechanics, xv. 755.
Droce (Dreux), ancient town, France,
VII. 469.
Droghed^, town, Ireland, vn. 470;
parliament of (1494), xin. 261; siege
of (1649), VI. 600.
, Countess of, wife of Wycherley,
XXIV. 707.
Drohobycz, town, Austria, Vll. 471.
Droits of Admiralty, i. 156.
Droitwich, town, England, vii. 471;
XXIV. 666; mineral water of, xvi.
434-
Drom^ognathousTvpe, of birds, 111.
711.
DR0M.5US, genus of birds, VIII. 17;
D ROMAS, genus of birds, XIX. 228.
Dr6me, department, France, vil. 471;
river, XX. 528.
Dromedary, iv. 737; of Arabia, 11.
242.
Dromicia, genus of marsupial mammals,
XVIII. 729.
Dromion, or Dromon, mediaeval war-
ship, VII. 310; XXI. 808.
Drone, male bee, ni. 484, 496.
Dronke, his experiments in magnetis
induction, xv. 250.
Drontheim, town, Norway, XXIII. 321.
Dropsy, disease, vii. 472; xvill. 388.
Drosera, genus of plants, xiii. 134.
Drosophyllum Lusitanicum, insec-
tivorous jDlant, XIII. 137.
Droste-Hulshoff, Baroness of, Ger-
man poetess, VII. 472.
Drouais, Jean Germain, French painter,
VII. 472.
DROUET,Jean Baptiste, French Revoln-
tionist, VII. 473.
d'Erlon, Count, French general,
vn. 473.
Drought, Meteorological conditions of,
VI. 5; XVI. 150; in Airica, I. 257;
XVL 153.
Drowning, vii. 473; death from, xv.
780; apparatus for saving from, XIV.
570.
Droz, Franjois Xavier Joseph, French
writer, vn. 476.
, Qustave, French writer, IX. 679.
Druggist, ii. 198.
Drugs, of the pharmacopoeia, xviii.
730; adulterations of, I. 175.
Druidism, Druids, vii. 477; v. 302,
318; reverence for the mistletoe, XVL
527; in Scotland, XXI. 475; festivals,
in Ireland, XIII. 245, 249; monuments,
XXI. 52.
Druimceta, or Drumceat, Irish con-
vention at (c. 575), III. 302 ; VI. 167;
XIII. 250.
Drum, musical instrument, vii. 479.
, of the ear, i. 892.
Drumceat, Ireland, Council of (c. 575),
III. 302; VI. 167; XIII. 250.
Drumclog, Scotland, Battle of (1679),
VII. 537; XIV. 251; XXI. 516.
Drummond, Henry, English politician,
VII. 479.
, Thomas, English surveyor, vn.
480.
, William, of Hawthornden, Scottish
poet, VII. 480.
Drunkenness, vn. 481; xvin. 407;
in relation to insanity, xin. 102, 109;
bearing of liquor laws on, XIV. 688j
societies against, xxi 11. 159.
XXV. — 18
138
D R U — D U L
Drdpe, form of fruit, iv. 151.
Drury Lane Theatre, London, xrv.
836.
Druses, Syrian people, vii. 483.
Drusius, Johannes (Van den Driesche),
Flemish divine, vil. 486.
Drusus, Marcos Livius, Ronisin patri-
cian, VII. 487.
, Marcus Livius, Eoman tribune, vil.
487; XX, 759.
, Nero Claadius, brother of the
emperor Tiberius, XXIH. 335.
Druzbacka, Elizabeth, Polish poetess,
XIX. 302.
Dryades, or Dryads, in Greek mytho-
logy, VII. 487; XVII. 688.
Dryander, Jonas, Swedish naturalist,
VII. 487.
Dryden, John, English poet, vii. 48S;
as dramatist, vii. 435; hymns by, xii.
592; as satirist, xxi. 319; his place in
English literature, viil. 423, 424, 425;
his relations with ■ Shadwell, xxi.
727-
Dryophid.^, family of snakes, xxii.
193, 195.
Dry Rot, in timber, vii. 493; cause of,
IV. 94.
DscHAEiR, Abu Musa (Geber), Arabian
alchemist, X. 125.
DS0NG.\RI.\, or Dsungaria, district.
Central Asia, Vll. 587 ; XXIII. 632,
639.
DUAB (Doab, q.v.), India, vif. 307.
DUALIN, kind of dynamite, xvii. 521.
Duality, in geometry, X. 395.
, Law of, in psychology, XX. 79.
Du Barry Gomard de Vaubernier,
Countess, mistress of Louis XV., vu.
494.
Du Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste,
French poet, in. 401; ix. 651.
DUBBIKG, conferring knighthood, xiv.
118.
Dublin, county, Ireland, vii, 494 ;
population and reoresentation, xxiu.
727.
, metropolis of Ireland, vii. 496;
Irish Academy at, I. 73; foundling
hospital, IX. 4S3; law courts, xiii. 90;
libraries, xiv. 523, 542; newspapers,
xvil. 423; observatory, XVII. 710;
Trinity College, XXIII. 855.
DUBNO, town, Russia, vil. 502; popu-
lation, XXIV. 282.
DUBOFKA, to^vn, Russia, vii. 502; xxi.
305.
Dubois, Guillaume, French cardinal
and statesman, vil. 502; IX. 584.
, Jacques, French anatomist, I. S07.
Dubos, Jean Baptiste, French political
writer, vil. 503; IX. 667.
DUBOSSARI, town, Russia, VII. 503.
DUB0VK.\ (Dubofka), town, Russia, vil.
502; XXI. 305.
DUBRAVius, bishop, Bohemian writer,
xxiL 152.
DUBRIS (Dover), ancient town, England,
VII. 3S0.
DuBROViN. Russian historian, xxi.
108.
DUBRO\^A, town, Russia, vil. 503.
DUBUAT, Chevalier, on the motion of
fluids, XII. 437.
Dubuque, town.. Iowa, U.S.A., vii.
504.
Du Bus, B. A. L., on birds, xviii. 13.
DUCANGE, Cnarles Dufresne, French
historian and philologist, VII. 504.
Due AS, Michael Greek historian, viL
504; IV. 613.
Duccio Di BUONINSEGNA, Italian
painter, xxi. 433; xxii. 43.
DuCETius (Douketios), Sicilian chief,
xrcii. 17.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni, his African
explorations, I. 247.
DucHExrjs (A. Duchesne), French
writer, VII. 504.
DUCHEXNE, G.. B., on phyaognomy,
XIX. 5.
Duchesne, Andri, French geographer
and historian, V!I. 504.
, Le Pire (HebertX French Revolu-
tionist, XI. 594.
Duchess of Malfv, Webster's tragedy,
XXIV. 473.
Duchy of Lancaster, Chancellor of
the,.V. 3S9; XVI. 474.
Ducis, Jean Francois- French dramatist,
VII. 505.
Duck, bird, VII. 505 ; organs of touch
in, XXIII. 479; parasite of, xxiii. 540;
domestic, XIX. 647; golden-eye, X.
757 ; Labrador, III. 735 ; pochard,
XIX. 252; scoter, XXI. 470.
Duckworth, Sir John Thomas, EngliA
admiral, vik 506.
Duclos, Charles Pineau. French writer,
VII. 507.
Ductility, of metals, xvi. 65.
DUDDON, river, England, xiv. 252.
Dudevant, Madame (George Sand),
French novelist, vii. 507; IX. 678.
DUDIK, Beda, Bohemian writer, xxil.
153-
DUDINO, town, Siberia, XXlV. 742.
Dudley, lovna, England, viL 510;
population, xxiv. 666.
, Lord GuUdford, husband of Lady
Jane Grey, xi. 192.
, Robert, earl of Leicester, xiv.
425.
Observatory, Albany, New York,
U.SA-, XVII. 715.
DuDO, early Norman chronicler, xvil.
539-
Duel, vn. 511; as ordeal, xvii. 820.
DuERO (Douro, j.ti.), river, Spain, xxil.
295.
Dufay, C. F. de C. his electrical re-
searches, VIII. 4.
DuFFERiN, Lord, his observations on
Canada, iv. 7S2.
Duff Hill, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
DuFOlTR, Wilhelm Heinrich, Svriss
general, vii. 515.
Dufrenite, mineral, xvi. 405.
DuFRENOY, Pierre Armand, French
geologist, VII. 515.
DuFRENOYSiTE, mineral, xvi. 394.
DUFRESNY, Charles Eivi^re, French
dramatist, vn. 515.
Dufton Fell, mountain, England.
XXIV. 513.
Dugdale, Sir WOliam, English anti-
quary, VII. 516.
DUGONG, cetacean mammal, viL 516,
XV. 390.
DuGONics, Andrew, Hungarian writer,
xiL 377.
DuG-OuT, canoe, iv. 811; xxi. 804.
D UGUA y-Trouin, Rene, French admiral,
vn. 517.
Du Guesclin, Bertrand, constable of
France, vn. 517; ix. 547.
Du Haillan, B. de Girard, Seigneur,
French historian, IX. 653.
Duhalde, Jean Baptiste, French geo-
grapher, vn. 518.
DUHAMEL, Jean Baptiste, French astro^
nomer, vn. 518.
DU MONCEAU, Henri Louis, French
botanist and agriculturist, VII. 518.
DUHOVSHiiiA, town, Russia, XXII. 183.
Dui, to-iv-n, Saghalin, Russia, XXI. 147.
DuiLlus, Column of, at Rome, inscrip-
tion on, XIV. 329.
DuiLLiER, Fatio de, on the invention
of the calculus, XIII. 9.
DuiSEURG, town, Prussia, vn. 518.
DujARDiN, F., on sarcode or protoplasm,
XIX. 828.
DUK-DuK, mysterious judge, in New
Britain, xvn. 372.
Duke, order of nobility, VII. 519; xxin.
418; in the English peerage, XVili.
464; German, xvni. 461.
OF Cornwall, title, xix. 739.
OF Rothesay, title, xix. 73-).
OF York Islands, South Pacific,
XVII. 372.
Duke's Laws, New York, xvn. 463.
Dukinfield, townshin. England, vn.
520.
DUKLJAMIN, Pop, early Servian AVTiter,
XXI. 689.
DULCAMARA, drug, VIL 520; plant,
XVIL 499.
DuLCAMARHi, in chemistry, xvn. 499.
DULCE Lamentar de LOS Pastores,
Garcilaso de la Vega's pastoral, xvni.
346-
DuLCiGNO, town, Albania, vn. 520;
XVI. 781.
DULLAH, town, Kei Islands. Indian
Archipelago, XIV. 27.
DuLONO .\nd Petit, on radiation, XS.
216; their law of gases. III. 40.
Dulse, edible Alga^ 1. 508.
DULUTH, town, MiriTiesota, VJSJl^ vn.
520.
DULWiCH, town, England, vn. 520.
College, at Dulwich, England, 1.
584; VII. 520; library of, xiv. 517;
picture gallery in, xxi. 445.
Duma, administrative assembly, Busaia,
XXI. 70.
DtJMANGAS, town, Philippine Islands,
VII. 520.
DUMARSAIS, Cisar Chesnean, French
philologist, VII. 520.
Dumas, Alexandie, the Elder, French
novelist, VII. 521; IX. 676.
, Alexandre, the Younger, IX. 676.
, J. B., on substitution in chemistry,
V. 466.
, Matthieu, Count, French general
and historian, vii. 523.
Dumbarton, county, Scotland, vii. 523;
population, XXI. 528; representation,
xxiii. 727; town and castle, vii. 525.
Dumb-Bell, for gymnastic exercise, Xl.
35°-
Dumb-Show, Dramatic, xviii. 215.
Dumdum, town, India, vii. 525; xxni.
673-
DUM^RIL, A. M. C, zoologist, xill. 45;
his classification of reptiles, XX. 435,
437-
Dumerv, bell-founder, III. 538.
Dumfries, county, Scotland, vii. 526;
population, XXI. 528; representation,
xxiil. 727; town, VII. 527.
Dummler, E. L., on the Roland legend,
XX. 626.
Dummy, in whist, xxiv. 548.
Dumnonia, British kingdom, England,
VII. 141.
Dumont, Jean, French publicist, VII.
529.
, Pierre Etienne Louis, Genevese
political \vTiter, vil. 529; as collabor-
ator with Mirabeau, xvi. 497.
D'Urville, Jules Sebastien C^sar,
French navigator, vil. 530; X. 193.
Dumouriez, Charles Francjois, French
Republican general, vil. 530; III. 130;
IX. 603.
Dum Palm, Arabia, 11. 237; xviii.
190.
Dumraon, town, India, xxi. 735.
DUNA (Southern or West Dwina), river,
Russia, vii. 569; i:l 294; xx. 553;
XXL 73.
DuNABURO, town, Russia, viL 531;
popuLition, xxiv. 262.
DUNA FoLDVAR, town, Hungary, IX.
355-
Dunbar, town, • Scotland, vii. 531;
battle of (1650), VI. 601; XVH. 371;
XXL 514.
, Gavin, archbishop of Glasgow,
XXI. 498.
, 'William, Scottish poet, Vll. 532;
vin. 415.
Dunbirjj, bird, xix. 252,
D U L— D U P
Dunblane, town, Scotland, vn. 533;
XVIII. 667.
Duncan, king of Scotland, xxi. 48a
, Viscount, British admiral, VIL 533.
, John, Niger explorer, I. 246.
, Thomas, Scottish painter, VIL 533.
DUNCIAD, Pope's poem, xix. 486; Lewis
Theobald, butt of the, XXIII. 252.
DtJNDALK, town, Ireland, VIL 534.
DUNDAS, Henry, Viscount Melville, XV.
843-
Castle. Linlithgow, Scotland, xiv.
670.
Dundee, town, Scotland, vn. 534;
population, xxL 528; newspapers of,
XVIL 423.
, Viscount (Graham of Claverhous;),
VII. 536; XXL 516.
Dun Diver, bird, xvi. 35.
DUNDONALD, Tenth Earl of (Lord Coch-
rane), naval officer, vn. 539
DUNEDIN, town. New Zealand, vii.
541.
Dunes, or Sand Hills, x. 265; of
Vestem Asia, xxii. 820; xxni. 511;
of Holland, xil. 60; of Sahara, Africa,
XXI. 149.
, Battle of the (1658), xxni. 626,
Dun Fell, mountain, England, xxiv.
513-
Dunfermline, town, Scotland, vn. 542.
, James Abercromby, Lord, I. 37.
Dung, its use in agriculture, I. 342;
farmyard, its cpmpusition, XV. 509.
DUNGANNON, town, Ireland, vil. 543;
XXIIL 713.
DUNGARPUR, State, India, XX. 260.
DUNGARVAN, town, Ireland, vn. 543;
population, XXIV. 401.
Dungeon, in architecture, n. 464.
Gill Force, waterfall, England,
XXIV. 514.
DUNGHUNTER, bird, XXIL 12;.
Dunipace, town, Scotland, XXII. 554.
DUNKELD, town, Scotland, vn. 543.
Dunkerque (Dunkirk), town, France,
vn. 543.
DuNKERRYhiLL, Somerset, England,
XXII. 257.
DuNKERS, sect of American Baptists,
vn. 543.
Dunkirk, town, France, vn. 543.
, town. New Vork, U.S.A., vii. 544.
Dunleary (Kingstown), town, Ireland,
XIV. 90.
Dunlin, bird, xxi. 260.
DUNLOP, R. H. Wallace, inventor of
swimming plates, XXII. 771.
Cheese, v. 456.
Dun Mac Uisneachain, Scotland,
Vitrified fort at, XXIV. 264.
Dunmow, tOM-n, England, vn. 544.
Dunn, Samuel, Wesleyan seceder, xvi.
190.
Dun NET Kead, Caithness, Scotland,
IV. 6.;.7.
Dunning, John, Lord Ashburtcn,
139
English lawyer and statesman, VlL
544-
DUNNOCK, bird, XXIL 369.
DuNOis, Jean, bastard of Orleans,
French soldier, vii. 544; ix. 549, 551.
Dunoon, town, Scotland, Vll. 545.
DuNOYER, Charles, French economist,
XIX. 383.
Dun Rig, mountain, Scotland, xxi.
638.
DuNSE, town, Scotland, in. 613.
Dunsinane, Scotland, Battle of (1054),
xvin. 667.
DUNSINK, near Dublin, Astronomical
observatory at, vn. 498; XVIL 7ic\
Duns Scotus, John, mediaeval scho-
lastic writer, vn. 545; xvi. 710; XXI.
429; on the being of God, XXIIL 241;
his ethical teaching, VIII. 594; on
evolution, viii. 758.
Dunstable, town, England, yn. 546.
Dunstan, St, archbishop of Canter-
bury, VIL 546; viil. 286, 405 ;■ his
influence on the Church of England,
VIIL 371; his relations with King
Edwy, VIL 692.
DUNTON, John, English bookseller and
author, VII. 547.
DUNY, Annie, Suffolk witch, xxiv.
621.
Duodenum, Anatomy of the, vn. 225;
XVIL 668.
Duperr6, Victor Guy, Baron, French
admiral, I. 566.
Duperrey, Louis Isidore, French
navigator, vil. 547.
Duperron, Abraham H. Anquetil,
French Orientalist, n. 90; xxiv. 778.
, Jacques Davj", French cardinal,
VII. 548; I. 784; IX. 654.
Du Petit-Thouars, L. M. A-, French
admiral, XXIIL 22.
DUPIN, Andr(5 Marie J. J., French
advocate and politician, VII. 548.
, Aurora (George Sand), ' French
writer, VIL 507.
, Louis Ellies, French ecclesiastical
historian, vn. 548.
Family, friends of Rousseau, xxi.
24.
DUPLEIX, Joseph, governor-general of
French India, vn. 549; IX. 587; XIL
800.
DUPLESSIS, Lucile, wife of Desmoulins,
VII. 131.
Du Plessis-Mornay, P., French Pro-
testant writer, ix. 654; XVL 828.
Duplex Telegraphy, xxiil 122.
DUPONT, Peter, grand-master of Knights
of St John, XXI. 174.
, Pierre, French poet, VIL 549.
, de l' Eure, Jacques Charles,
French lawyer and statesman, vn.
549-
de Nemours, Pierre Samuel,
French economist and statesman, vn.
550; xiK. 361.
140
DUPPLIN MuiR, Scotland, Battle of
(1332), XXI. 4S9.
Dupr6, A'., on the elimination of alcohol
from the body, I. 471; on thermody-
namics, V. 58.
Dupuis, Ciharles Franjois. French Bcieu-
tific writer, VII. 550.
, Joseph, his mission to Ashantee,
II. 6S1.
, French trader in Tong-King, xxill.
441.
DUPUYTREN, Guillaume, Baron, French
surgeon, VII. 551.
DUQUESNE, Abraham, Marquis, French
naval officer, vii. 551; his bombard-
menta of Algiers (1682, 1683), I.
566.
DuQUESNOY, Francois, Flemish sculp-
tor, XXI. 563.
Dura Mater, membrane of the brain,
I. 864.
DURAN, Augustin, Spanish writer, vil.
552; XXII. 361.
DuRANDjAmand, photographic engraver,
VIII. 440.
DuraMdus, Wilhelmus, papal legate and
canonist, vii. 552.
DURANGITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
DUR.4NG0, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
, or Duranga, town, Mexico, vil. 553;
XVI. 214.
, town, Spain, vil. 552.
Durante, Francesco, Italian musical
composer, VII. 553.
DuRANTl.or Durantis (Durandus), papal
legate, vii. 552.
DURAO, Jos5 dfe Santa Eitta, Brazilian
poet, vii: 553.
DuRAZZO, town, European Turkey, vii.
553-
Durban, or D'Urban, to^vn, Natal,
South Africa, vii. 553; xvil. 240;
observatory at, XVII. 716.
DURBOTS, or Dorbod, Mongol tribe,
IV. 710; XVI. 749.
DURBUNGA (Darbhangah), town, India,
XXIII. 407.
DUREN, town, Prussia, vii. 553.
DURER, Albrecht, German painter, vil.
554; XXI. 438; as engraver, VIII. 441;
as sculptor, XXI. 565; as ^vrite^, X.
529; on fortification, IS. 443, 465;
medals by, xvn. 658; his house at
Nuremberg, xvii. 663; his connexion
with Marcantonio, XV. 531; his rivalry
with Lucas of Leyden, XV. 38.
D'Urfey, Thomas, English satirist, VII.
559-
Durham, county, England, vii. 559;
. population and representation, xxiil.
727; breed of cattle in, I. 3S7; coal-
field, VI. 51.
, towji, England, VII. 561; observa-
tory at, XVII. 710; university,. XXIII.
853.
, First Earl of (Jcnn George
Lambton), vii. 563.
D U P — D Y S
Durham, Arthur E., his observations on
sleep, XXII. 15;.
Book, MS. of Gospels, xviii. 159.
Durian, fruit of durio tree, vii. 563;
IV. 57.
DURKHEIM, town, Germany, vii. 564.
Durlach, to-\vn, Bavaria, vil. 564.
Durmast Oak, xvii. 690.
Durness, Kyle of, sea-loch, Scotland,
xkii. 726.
Durnovaria (Dorcl^ter), ancient
town, England, Vll. 365.
DuROCASSis (Dreux), ancient town,
France, vii. 469.
Durocortorum (Rheima), Roman
settlement, France, XX. 508.
Durostorum (SUistria), ancient town,
Bulgaria, XXII. 54.
DUROVERA'Y, collaborator with Mira-
beau, XVI. 497.
DUROVERNUM (Canterbury), ancient
town, England, v. 29.
DURRA, Indian millet, vii. 564; xvi.
321.
DURRANis, Afghan clan, I. 234.
D'UrviLL^A, genus of Algfe, I. 509.
D'Urville, Dumont, French explorer,
VII. 530; X. 193.
DURY, Giles, English newp-book writer,
XVII. 414.
Dushan, Stephen, king of Servia, xxi.
6SS.
Dushety, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
■xxiii. 514.
DussEK, Johann Ludwig, Bohemian
pianist and composer, vii. 564.
Dusseldorf, to\vn, Prussia, vii. 565;
XX. 16, 21; observatory at, xvii. 712.
Dusselthal, village, Rhenish Pi-ussia,
VII. 565.
Dust Showers, x. 266. ,,
Dust Storms,' xvi. 131.
Dutch, their national character, xil.
69; settlements of, in Asia, 1 1. 701;
settlements at Cape of Good Hope, v.
440.
DRArtA, VII. 443.
East India Company, Establish-
ment of, XII. 78.
East Indies, xii. 8x8.
Guiana, South America, XI. 251.
Language, xii. 84; dictionaries
of, VII. 187
Literature, xii. 9a
Reformed Church, America,
XIX. 701.
DUTENS, Louis, French writer, vii. 566.
Dutrochet, Ren5 Joachim Henri,
French man of science, vil. 566.
Duty, see article Ethics; Stoic theory
of, XXII. 568.
Du Vair, Guillaume, French jurist and
writer, XXI v. 31.
Duval, Jules, French economist, vii. 566.
JuvEKE, or Dyveke, mistress of
Christian II. of Denmark, VII. 587.
Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean,
French theologian, vii. 567; his rol .-
tions with Jansen, XIII. 5-66.
Duverney, J. G.. French anatomist, 1.
812.
D UVET, Francois Joseph, French sculptor
XXI. 564.
DviNA, or Dwina (j.v.), rivers, Russia,
VII. 568, 569; XXI. 73.
DWALE, or Belladonna, plant, III. 543.
DwARAKA, or Dwarka, town, India, VII.
567.
Dwarf, vii. 567; xvi. 762.
DwARKA, town, India, vil. 567.
DwARS, Westem, district, India, xm.
548.
Dwight; John, English potter, xix.
632.
, Timothy, American theologicaland
mlsceHaueous writer, VII. 568; I. 722.
DwiNA, Northern, river, Russia, VII.
568; XXI. 73.
, Southern, or West, river, Russia,
VII. 569; III. 294; XX. 553; XXI. 73.
Dyaks, race of people, Borneo, IV. 58;
Sir James Brooke's treatment of, I v.
370-
Dyce, Alexander, English critic, Tli.
569.
, William, Scottish painter, vii. 569.
DvcH Tau, mountain, Caucasus, ▼.
252.
Dye, Dyes, vii. 574; in nhotpgraphy,
xviii. 836.
Colours, in calico-printing, it.
686.
Dyedinovo, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
Dyeing, vii. 570; of silk, xxii. 64.
Dyer, Sir Edward, English pastoral
poet, XVIII. 346.
, John, English poet, Vll. 580.
Dyer's Madder, xv. 176.
Dykes, in geology, x. 312^
, embankments, Holland, XII. 6a
DymphNa, St, Legend of, X. 562.
Dynamical Theory of Heat, xxiil
283.
Dynamics, vii. 581; xv. 698; xix. 2;
abstract, XV. 676; applied, xv. 764;
transformation of energy in, viil. 206.
Dynamite, exjllosive, vii. 583; viii.
810; XVII. 520; as used in blasting,
III. 809.
Dynamo-Electric Machine, xiv.
630; xxiii. 494; Siemens's invention
of, XXII. 38.
D^'namometer, vii. 584; XV. 764;
Stephenson's marine, XI. 458.
Dyne, unit of force, viii. 206; xv. 608;
XXIII. 116.
Dyrrachium (Durazzo), ancient town,
Albania, vil. 553; viii. 476; XIL 709.
DysanaLYTE, mineral, XVI. 426.
Dysart, town, Scotland, VII. 584.
Dysentery, disease, vii. 584; xvm.
395; in Egypt, vil. 704.
Dysmerogenesis, in growth of eo«-
posite organisms, XII. 555.
Dyson, Jeremiah, friend of Akcnside,
I- 435-
Dyspepsia, disease, vil. 586; diet in
relation to, VII. 206.
Dysphonia Clericorum, disease,
XXIII. 320.
Dyspncea, arrest of respiration, XX.
485.
DvsPOROMORPHiE, group of Birds, III.
713-
Dyveke, mistress of Christian II. of
Denmark, VII. 587.
DZERIN, antelope, II. lol.
DzuNGAi5s, people, Turkestan, xxill.
636.
DzUNGARiA, region. Central Asia, vil.
587; XXIII. 632, 639.
DzuNGARiAN GATE, pass, Central
Asia, XXIII. 634.
■ "p* the fifth letter of the alphabet,
■'-'» VII. 5SS.
Ea, Accadian god, III. 193.
Eachard, John, "English divine and
humorist, vil. 588.
Eadbert, Northumbrian king, xvil.
570.
Eadgar, or Edgar, king of Northum-
bria, viii. 286; xvii. 571.
Eadgyth, wife of Harold II. of Eng-
land, XI. 487.
Eadie, John, Scottish Biblical critic,
VII. 588.
Eadmer, English ecclesiastic and his-
torian, VII. 589.
Eadmund (Edmund), king of East
Anglia, vil. 669.
I. and 11., kings of the West
Saxons, England, VII. 669.
Eadred, king of Northumbria, XVll.
570, 571.
Eaxis, Captain, American engineer, XX.
580.
Eadward (Edward) I^ early English
king, VII. 681; VIII. 284.
II., early English king, VII. 681;
VIII. 286.
III., the Conf&sor, early English
king, VII. 68 1 ; viii. 289.
Eadwig (Edwy), the Fair, king of
Wessex, vii. 692; viii. 286.
EADWiNE(Edvrin), king of Northumbria,
VII. 691; XVII. 569.
Eager, or Bore (q.v.'}, tidal wave, xiv.
654.
Eagle, bird, vu. 589; golden, xiv.
244.
Mountains, Texas, U.S.A.,-xxiii.
204.
Eagle-Ray, fish, xx. 300.
Eaglewood, a fragrant wood, iv. 725.
EALDHtJNE, Bishop, founder of Durham
cathedral, VII. 561.
Ealdorman, Saxon executive officer,
XVIII. 302.
Ealdred, archbishop of York, I. 475.
D Y S — E A U
Ealred, or Ailred, English ecclesiastic
and historian, I. 425.
Eanfrid, Anglo-Saxon prince, xvii.
569.
Ear, vil 591;, anatomy of, I. 891; as
affected by sound vibrations, I. 100;
its powers of musical perception, XVii.
102; in birds, in. 725; in reptiles,
XX. 461.
Ear-Ache, disease, vil. 594.
Ear Cockle, in wheat, xxiv. 536.
Earl, title of nobUity, VII. 595; XXIII.
418; early English, VIII. 274; position
of, in peerage, XVIII. 459, 464.
E arle, John, English bishop and author,
VII. 596.
Earl-Marshal, officerof state, XV. 574.
Earlom, Richard, English engraver, vil.
596.
Earl's Barton, England, steeple of
church, II. 425.
Earn, loch and river, Scotland, xvill.
Earnest, in sale, xxi. 207.
Ear-Ring, ornament, vii. 596.
Ear-Shell, mollusc, xvi. 645.
Earth, Figure of the, VII. 597; II. 792;
Xii. 442 ; its place in solar system, II.
766, 792; X. 214; age of, X. 226; changes
in its centra of gravity, X. 217; early
obsgrvations on its circumference, XX.
92; its geological relations, x. 216; gra-
vitation at its surface, XI. 66; its action
on a magnet, xv. 223, 238; magnetic
state of, XVI. 159; first measurement
by Eratosthenes, II. 748; its motion
round the sun maintained by Axist-
archus, II. 504; by GaUleo, x. 33;
shown by aberration of light, I. 48; its
motions in relation to dialling, vii.
154; rigidity of, xxiil. 374; effect
of its rotation on the winds, II.
690; tidal retardation of its rotation,
xxiii. 377, 378; Ciisanus on its rota-
tion, VI. 729; spbericity of, X. 197;
irregularities of its surface, X. 170;
tidal deformation of, XXIII. 373;
influence of tidal friction on its
evolution, XXIIL 378; Button's theory
of, XIL 415; Thales's, XXIIL 218.
, Sacred Theory of the, Burnet's
work, IV. 564.
, Medicinal, of Lemnos, xiv. 436.
Earth-Closet, i. 349; iv. 468; xxi.
717.
Earth-Flea, insect, ix. 301.
Earth Flea-Beetle, xxni. 668.
Earthkin, Gilbert's spherical magnet,
XV. 222.
Earth Nut, xi. 221.
Earth Pig, edentate mammal, i. 3; xv.
389-
Earthquake, Earthquakes, vii.
608; X. 254 ; measurement of, XXL
626; at Antioch, 11. 131; in the Azores,
III. 170; in Chili, v. 616; European,
VIII. 683; at Ischia (1883X xvil
141
188; in Japan, XIII. 574; in Java,
XIII. 601; of Lisbon (1755), XIV. 690;
in Peru, xvm. 672; in the Philip-
pines, XVIII. 749; in South America,
I. 673; in United States, IV. 700;
XXII. 287.
Earths, for brick-making, iv. 280;
XIV. I.
, Alkaline, v. 525, 543.
Earth Thermometer, xxin. 291.
Earthworks, fortifications, IX. 430.
Earthworm, xxiv. 677.
Earwig, insect, vii. 612; xin. 152.
Easby Abbey, Yorkshire, England,.l. 20.
Easel, Painter's, xvm. 137.
Easement, in law, vii. 613.
Easky, river, Ireland, XXII. 159.
Eastbourne, town, England, vii. 613;
XXII. 724.
Easter, church festival, vii. 6131
feast of the Jews, xviii. 511; -time of
celebrating, IV. 668, 675; XIII. 273.
Island, South-East Pacific, xix.'
428; XX. 273.
Eastern Church, xi. 154.
Eastern Roumelia, province of Tur-
key in Europe, xxiii. 652.
Easter Sunday, x. 774.
East Girt Hill, Scotland, xx. 395.
East Grinstead, town, England,
xxn. 724.
East Hill, New York, U.S.A I.
793-
East India Company, il 701; xii.
798, 811; XXI. S27; its beginning, VL
12; incorporation of, X. 1S5; gover-
nors-general of India under. III. 570;
in time of Hastings, XL 514.
East India Company, Dutch, x. 186;
establishment of, XII. 78.
East Indian Archipelago, xii. 731,
815.
EastlakE, Sir Charles Lock, English
painter, vii. 615.
Eastland Company, English, xxi. 827.
East London, town, British Kaffraria,
XIII. 817.
East Lothian (Haddington, q.vT),
county, Scotland, XI. 361.
E>ST Lynne, Mrs H. Wood's novel,
XXIV. 644.
East Moulsey, town, England, xxii.
694.
Easton, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
VU. 616.
East Retford, town, Kngland, xx. 487,
East Saginaw, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
vn. 616.
Eata, abbot of Melrose, Scotland, vi.
732.
Eaton, TheophOus, founder of New
Haven, Conn., U.S.A., xvii. 395.
, William, his improvements on.
cotton-spinning mule, VI. 498.
Eau Claire, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 617.
Eau de Cologne, perfume, vii. 616.
142
E A U — E D E
Eaux-Bonnes, spa, France, xvi. 435;
XX. 127.
Eaux-Chaudes, spa, France, XX. 127.
Ebal, Mount, Palestine, X- 444; XXJ.
244.
Ebel, Hermann Wilhelm, German
philologist, VII. 616.
Eber, Hebrew patriarch, XI. 594.
Eberhard, duke of Wiirtemberg, VTI.
616; XXIV. 702.
, August Gottlob, German poet, vn.
617.
, Johann Augustus, German theo-
logian, VII. 617; XX. 290.
Eberswalde, town, Prussia, xvn. 366.
Ebert, Friedrich Adolf, German biblio-
grapher, VII. 618.
Ebingen, town, 'Wiirtemberg, VII. 618.
Ebionites, early Christian sect, VII.
618; Irenseus on, XIII. 273, 274.
Ebisuminato, town, Japan, xvii. 500.
Eboe (Ibo), district. West Africa, XJL
6ro.
Eboli, town, Italy, vil. 619.
Ebonite, or Vulcanite, xii. 842.
Ebony, wood, vii. 619.
Eboracum (York), Roman station, Eng-
land, XXIV. 751.
Ebner, Christina and Mai^aretha,
German mystics, xvn. 133.
Ebn-Malek, Arabic grammarian, n.
265.
Ebro, river, Spain, vil. 619; XXII.
295,
Ebroduntjm (Embrun), ancient town,
France, viii. 162.
Eburodunuii (Yverdon), ancient town,
Switzerland, xvn. 361.
Ebusus (Ivija), one of the Balearic
Islands, Spain, III. 278; XVIII. 808.
ficART^, card game, VII. 620.
Ecbalium, genus of plants, vi. 688; vil.
S25.
Ecbatana, various ancient Asiatic
towns, VII. 621.
— ■ — (HamadanX ancient town, Persia,
VII. 621; XVIII. 561; ruins of, 11. 399.
liCBOLlN, vegetable alkaloid, viil. 521.
ECCA (lea), town, Peru, xil. 611.
EcCAR_D, Johannes, German composer,
VII. 621.
ECCELINO, or Ezzelino (q.v.), Italian
Glubelline chief, VII. 622.
ECChellensis, Abraham, learned
Maronite, VII. 622.
ECCHONDROSIS, disease, XVIII. 37a
ECCLES, town, England, vii. 622.
Ecclesia, Athenian assembly, vii. 622.
ECCLESIASTES, Book of, VI!. 623; III.
639-
Ecclesiastical Commission, Eng-
lish, VII. 627.
Ecclesiastical Law, vil 627; v. 16.
Ecclesiastical Polity, La\i-3 of.
Hooker's work, XII. 151.
Ecclesiastjcus, Book of, in Apocrypha,
n. i8i.
Ecclesiazus.«, Aristophanes's comedy,
IL 509.
Ecdemite, mineral, xvl 40S.
Ecgberht (Egbert), king of the West
Saxons, VIL 695; viii. 282.
Echellensis, Abraham, Maronite, vn.
622.
Echidna, genus of monotrematous mam-
mals, VII. 628; XV. 378.
Echinidea, order of Echinodermata,
VII. 629.
EcHiNOCACTUS, group of Cactacese, iv.
625.
ECHCIODERMA, in Lankeater's classifica-
tion, XXIV. 813.
Echinodermat.\, vn. 629; embryology
of, XX. 419; reproduction, XX. 409;
skeletal structures, XXII. io5; distribu-
tion, VII. 278, 283; Agassiz on fossil
forms, I. 275.
EcHiNOPSis, group of CactacesB, rv. 625,
626.
ECHINORHINUS, genus of sharks, XXI.
778.
EcHiNORHYNCHUS GiGAS, parasito of
the pig, XXIV. 206.
ECHlNOTHRix, genus of rodent mam-
mals, XVII. 6.
Echinus, in architecture, n. 464.
, genus of Echinodermata, vn. 629,
631; fisheries, Italy, IX. 268.
ECHis, genus of snakes, XXlL 199; xxn'.
247.
Echo, in Greek mjrthology, vn. 640.
, in acoustics; I. 107.
1 Porch of, at Olympia, Greece, XVII.
769.
Echternach, town, Luxemburg, XV. 87.
EcHUCA.town, Victoria, Australia, XXI v.
215.
EtijA, town, Spain, vn. 641; xxL 708.
EciTON, foraging ant, n. 97.
EcK, Johann Maier von, opponent of
Luther, vn. 641; xv. 73.
ECKERMANN, John Peter, German
writer, vn. 641.
ECKERSBERG, Carl Vilhel Danish
painter, vn. 641.
EcKHART, Johannes, German mystic,
vn. 642; X. 526; xvn. 132; xxiii.
278; on the nature of God, xxill. 241.
EcKHEL, Joseph Hilariiu, German
numismatist, vn. 643.
ECKHOF, C, German dramatist, vn. 441.
EcKHOLD's Omnimeter, theodo'-te,
xxn. 719.
EcKiitJHL, Bavaria, Battle of (1S09), ill.
133-
Eclampsia, disease, xvin. 391.
Eclecticism, in Greek philosophy,
XXI. 380; of the Stoics, XXII. 571;
Jouffro/s, XIII. 754.
Eclectic Philosophy, vil 643.
Eclectus, genus of birds, xv. 7.
Eclipse, Eclipses, of the sun, 11. 78S,
802; XIV. 5S1; XXII. 650; records of,
by the Assyrians, in. 191 ; by the
Chinese, !l. 745; predicted by Thales,
xxni. 217; of the moon, n. 802.
Eclipse, race horse, xii. 184.
Ecliptic, apparent path of the sun, IL
771; obliquity of, II. 794; cnange in
obliquity, X. 216.
Eclogue, in literature, xviiL 345.
Eclogues, of Virgil, xxiv. 251.
EcNA, ancient learned class in Ireland,
, V. 303.
ECOLE DES Femmes, MoUJre's play,
XVI. 628.
ficOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, Paris, XXIIL
851.
EcoLE Pratique des Hadtes
Etudes, Paris, xxin, 851.
Economics, or Political Economy, xix.
346.
Economites, American communistie
society, VI. 216.
Ecstasy, nervous disorder, vn. 644.
Ecthyma, skin disease, xxn. 123.
Ectoderm, layer of animal tissue, 11.
51; xn. 4.
Cells, xix. 14.
Ectoparasites, in Leuckarfa clasafica-
tion, XVI IL 261
Ectoplasm, in histology, xn. 4.
Ectoprocta, subclass of Polyzoa, XI3t.
436.
Ecuador, state, South America, vn.
644; L 712; liberation of, by Bolivar,
IV. 8; forests of, IX. 406.
Ecumenical Councils, of the charch,
VI. 510.
Eczema, skin disease, xxn. 122 ; mer-
curial preparations used for, XVI. 34.
Epizootica, cattle disease, XVII.
60.
Edam, town, Holland, vii. 649.
Eday, island, Orkney, Scotland. XVIL
846.
Edchmiadzin (Etchmiadzin), town,
P.nssia, vni. 566; xxin. 515.
Edda, collections of Icelandic literature,
VII. 649; xn. 622; XXI. 368; Snorro'a,
XXII. 201.
Eddystone Lighthouse, in English
Charnel, XIV. 615.
Ede, town. West Africa, XXIV. 754.
Edelinck, Gerard, Flemish engraver,
VII. 651.
Eden, Garden of, vn. 651; I. 135; xvl
5'-
, Ashley, English envoy to Bhutan,
in. 632.
, Hon. Emily, English authoress,
VII. 652.
, George, earl of Auckland, in. 68.
, William, Lord Auckland, in. 68.
Edentata, order of mammals, vn. 652;
XV. 372, 383.
Eder, J. M., on photography, xvni.
822.
Edessa, town, Macedonia, v;i. 652; XT.
137-
(Orfa), town, Turkey in Asia, vn.
E D E — E G G
143
652! XVL 47 ; langaaga 01, xxi. 649;
massacre of (1144), XV. 18; echocJs
and writers of, XXII. 83- .
Edessa, Latin principality of, VL 625.
Edeyen, eand-dunes, Sahara, Africa,
XXI. 149.
Edfu, or Edfoo, town. Upper Egypt, VU.
653, 783; temple at, 11. 3S9.
Edgar, king of Northumbria, VIIL 286;
XVI!. 571.
, king of Scotland, XXI. 481.
Edgehill, England, CatLlo of (1642),
VIII. 347.
Edge Tools, xi. 437.
Edgevvorth, Maria, novelist, vil. 653.
, Richard LoveU, writer and
mechanician, VII. 655.
Edgyth, wife of Harold IL of Eng-
land, XI. 487.
Edible Birds' Nests, xxii. 760.
Edict of Nantes (159S), ix. 564;
XIX. 695; revocation of (1685), IV.
743; IX. 579.
Edict of Restitution, of the emperor
Ferdinand (1629), III. 125.
Edicts, in Roman law, xx. 697, 704.
Edinburgh, c-onty, Scotland, vn. 656;
area and population, xxi. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727; coalfield, VI.
54-
, metropolis of Scotland, vii. 659;
population, XXI. 528; origin of the
name, vil. 691; XV. 10; treaty of
(1560), XXL 502; abattoirs, L 7;
librai-iea, XIV. 522, 542; ne'irepapers,
XVII. 422; observatory, XVII. 710;
university, XXIII. 846, 854.
Review, its history, xiil. 617;
its influence in English literature,
VIII. 43.1; Macaulays contributions
to, XV. 126; Brougham's connexion
with, IV. 375; Sydney Smith's, XXIL
177; John Wilson's, xxiv. 592.
Edingtonite, mineral, xvi. 423.
Eijirneh (Adrianople), province, Tur-
key in Europe, XXIII. 653.
Edison, Thomas Alva, his contribu-
tions to telephony, XXIII. 1-9, 132.
Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXII. 2S7.
Edmer (Eadmer), English ecclesiastic
and historian, vii. 589.
Edmondj-n, ■Wmiam, Irish Quaker,
XX. 152.
EDMONTOt:, Fort, Canada, xv. 490.
Edmund, St, archbishop of Canterbury,
VIL 668.
, king of East Anglia, vii. 669.
I., 11., kings of the West Saxons,
England, vii. 669.
, Swedish king, XXII. 745.
Crouchb.\ck, earl of Lancaster,
XIV. 255.
Edom, or E.%n, eon of the patriarch
Isaac, viiL 533.
, or Idumea, clistricl south of Palss-
tine, mi. 699.
Edomites, of Scripture, xill. 397; XVL
533; xvii. -02; xvin. 175.
Edreneh (Adi-ianople, q.v.), town, Tur-
key in Europe, I. 166.
Edrioasterida, order of Echinoder-
niata, vn. 638.
Edriophthalmla, division of Crus-
tacea, vi. 658.
Edris, town, Morocco, XVT. 834.
Edrisi, or Idrisi, Arabian geographer,
VII. 669; X. 177.
Education, History of; vil 670; phy-
sical, XI. 348; technical, XXIIL 105;
laws relating to, vil. 679; in relation
to the poor laws, xix. 476; in the
Middle Ages, XXIII. 831 ; effecta of the
Renaissance on, XX. 386; Bell and
Lankester's system of, IIL 540; XIV.
257; communistic theories of, VI. 213;
Condillac's theory of, VI. 253; Froe-
bel's advancement of; IX. 792 ; Locke's
views on, XI v. 757; Plutarch's, XIX.
233; Socrates's theory of, XXII: 236;
Trotzendorffs system, XXIII. 589; in
Belgium, IIL 518; at Berlin, III. 596;
of British ai-my, II. 584; in Canada.
IV. 780; in European countries, viii.
710; in France, IX. 512; in Germany,
X. 470; in India, xii. 774; in Italy,
XIII. 460; at London, xiv. 834; at
Paris, xviii. 280; in Prussia, XX. 17;
in Russia, XXI. 71; in United States,
XXIII. 828; Cousin's reports on, VI.
523; Locke's works on, XIV. 756;
Milton on, XVI. 330; societies for
promotion of, XXII. 226.
Edward, or Eadward, I., early English
kmg, VII. 681; VIII. 284.
II., early English king, VIL 681;
VIII. 286.
III., the Confessor, early English
king, VIL 681; VIIL 289.
1., king of England, VIL 682;
VIII. 311; his power in Ireland, xin.
260; parliament under, xviiL 304;
his claims to the Scottish croft-n, XX.
592; XXL 4S6.
II., of England, vn. 683; VIIL 313;
state of Ireland under, XIIL 260; lus
relations with Scotland, XX. 594;
XXL 48S.
III., of Englind, VII.683; vin.314,
31 S; XIV. 255; his conneidon with
institution of the Order of the Garter,
XIV. 122; Ireland under, XIIL 260;
parliament in time of, XVIII. 305; his
relations with Scotland, XXI. 489;
with William of Wykeham, XXIV.
5S5.
IV., ofEngland, VIL 684; VIIL327;
XV. 536; X.XIV. 381, 752.
v., of England, vii. 685; VIU. 328.
VI., of EngUnd, vu. 685; VIIL
338.
, the Elder, king of Korthumbria,
XVII. 570.
, king of Portugal, xix. J44.
EDW-iLRD, the Black Prince, viL 686-,
VIIL 319; in France, IX. 547.
Edwardes, Sir Hei-bert Benjamin,
English general and administrator,
VII. 687.
Edwards, Bryan, English historian,
VIL 688.
, George, Knglish antiquary and
ornithologist, vil 688; on birds,
XVIIL 5.
, Jonathan, American theologian;
VIL 688; L 720.
, Richard, English musician and
dramatist, VII. 691.
Edwin, king of Northnmbria, viL 691;
XVII. 569.
Edwy, Eadwig, or Edwin, the Fair, king
of the West-Saxons, England, vu. 692;
VIIL 286.
Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den, Dutch
painter, VII. 692.
Eecloo, town, Belgium, vil. 692.
Eel, fish, VIL 692; xiL 694; angling for,
II. 43.
, Sand, fish, XXL 257.
Pie Island, Twickeoham, Eng-
land, XXIII. 673.
Effen, Justus van, Dutch writer, XII. 90.
Effigies, Monumental, vii. 694; in
Temple Church, London, xxi. 558.
Efik, African tribe and language, IV.
649.
Efremoff, town, Russia, XXlll. 605.
Egbaland, state. West Africa, I. 9.
Egbert, king of the West-Sixons, Eng-
land, VIL 695; vin. 28r.
Eg bo, African secret society, iv. 649.
Egede, Hans, Norse missionary to
Greenland, viL-695; xvii. 59a
, Paul, missionary in Greenland, Vn.
696.
Egedeslunde, dielrict^ Greenknd, xi
170.
Eger, river, Bohemia, Vll. 82 5.
, to-mi, Bohemia, vii. 696.
(Erlau), town, Hungary, VIIL 525.
Egerbrunnen (Franzensbad), water-
ing-place, Bohemia, ix. 724.
Egerdin (or Egerdir) Gol, lake, Asia
Minor, II. 709; XIX. 130.
Egerton, Francis, third duke of Bridge-
water, IV. 342; his canals, iv. 783.
, Francis, first earl of Ellesmere,
VIIL 148.
Egesta (Segesta), ancient town, Sicily,
XXI. 622.
Ec-frid, Ving of Korthumberland, xvil.
570.
Egg, Eggs, vil 696; as an article of diet,
VII. 201 ; of birds. III. 772; of bcee, in.
494; of fishes, XIL 660; of reptiles,
XX. 463; XXIL 192; XXIIL 456.
, or Germ-Cell, in embryology, vilL
163.
, Augustus Leopold, English painter,
VII. 697.
Egg.x, Uiwu, Suudau, Africa, XXIL 279.
144
E G G — E L B
Egg-Birx), XXIII. iSg.
Egg-Eater, snake, xxil. 194.
Eggertz, on iron and steel, XIII. 282.
Egg Oil, xvii. 744, 747.
Egg Plant, xii. 282.
Eggs, vii. 696. See Egg.
Egidio (Giles), St, X. 595.
Egina, or .iEgiha (q.v.), island, Greece,
I. :So.
EoiNHARD, biographer of Charlemagne,
VIL 697.
Eglantine, sweet brier, vil 698.
Eglinton, Thirteenth Earl of, vii. 699.
Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland, xiv.
77-
Egmont, or Egmond, Lamoral, Count
of, vn. 699.
, Goethe's play, X. 730.
, Mount, New Zealand, xvil. 466.
Eg MO re, suburb of Madras, India, XV.
188.
Ego, in psychology, XX. 39, 70, 83; in
Schleiermacher'g system, XXI. 412.
Egorievsk, town, Eussia, XXI. 116.
Egret, bird, xi. 761.
Egypt, country, Africa, vil. 700 (index,
788); I. 266; antiquity of the dynas-
ties, II. 117; contests with Assyria,
III. 187; relations with ancient Persia,
xviiL 571, 574, 579, 580J with the
Philistines, XVIII. 757; conquest of, by
Cambyses (525 B.C.^ IV. 733; XVIII.
567; by Alexander (332 B.C.), L 482;
XV. 143; Hellenism in, xv. 143; ac-
knowledges suzerainty of Rome (168
B.C.), XX. 751, 754; conquest of,
by the Arabs (640), I. 778; II. 257;
by the Turks (1517X XXIIL 643;
French expedition to (1798), IX. 611;
Napoleon I. in, xvii. 200; plague m,
XIX. 166; agriculture of, I. 291; archi-
tecture, II. 384; armies, II. 559; birds,
in. 758; caste in, v. 192; coins of,
XVII. 650; Copts of, VI. 354; cosmo-
gonies, VI. 447; methods of embalm-
ing the dead, viii. 158; glass-making,
X. 647; hieroglyphics, i. 605; XI. 794;
language, XL 794; xviil. 778; xxL
642; libraries, XIV. 509, 549; monach-
ism in, I. 23; xvi. 698, 699; mum-
mies, XVII. 20; mythology, xvil. 150;
pottery, XIX. 603; pyramids, XX. 122;
religions, XXIII. 236; ships and vessels,
XXI. Sp5 ; wall-paintings, xvii. 39 ;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490;
cotton supply, VI. 484; opium culti-
vation, XVII. 792; railways, XX. 252.
Egyptian Astronomy, ii. 744.
Egyptian Drama, vii. 403.
Egyptian Language, vjl 721; XL
794; XVIII. 778; its relation to Semitic
languages, XXI. 642; dictionaries of,
VII. 192.
Egyptian Literature, vii. 721.
Ehlite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Ehrenberg, C. G., on the Eotitera,
XXI. 4.
Ehrenbreitstein, town, Rhenish
Prussia, vil. 78S.
Ehrensvard, Karl August, Swedish
critic, XXII. 757.
Ehsts (Esthonians, q.v.), people, Russia,
XIV. 724.
Eibenstock, town. Saxony, vii. 788.
EichendoRFF, Joseph, Freiherr von,
German poet, Vll. 788; x. 542.
ElCHHOLZHElM, Castle of, Mannheim,
Germany, XV. 494.
ElCHHORN, Johann Gottfried, German
Biblical critic, VII. 788; XX. 290.
, Karl Friedrich, German jurist, vn.
789; his relations with Sa\igny, xxi.
326.
ElCHSTADT, town, Bavaria, vil. 789.
Eider, marine duck, vil 789; xix.
252.
, river, Schleswig-Holstcin, xxi. 414.
Eidograph, instrument for surveying,
XXIL 721.
EIDOPHUSICON, panoramic invention of
De Loutherbourg, vii. 52.
ElFEL, plateau, Rhenish Prussia, XX.
20.
ElKON Basilike, controversy as to its
authorship, v. 407; X. 109.
Eikonoklastes, Milton's pamphlet,
XVI. 332.
Eildon Hills, Scotland, xxi. 34.
Eilenburg, town, Prussia, vii. 790.
Eilethvia, ruined town, Egypt, VII.
736, 782.
ElLSEN, Germany, mineral water of,
XVI. 435.
ElsiAK, tribe, Afghanistan, 1. 235.
ElMBECK, or Einbeck, town, Prussia,
VIL 790,
ElMEO, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
Pacific, XXIII. 22.
EiNBECK, town, Prussia, vn. 79a
EiNHARDUS (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, vn. 697.
EiNSiEDELN, town, Switzerland, vil
790; XXL 465.
ElON, port, Macedonia, xv. 137.
Eisenach, town, Germany, vn. 790;
XXL 349.
Eisenberg, town, Germany, vn. 790;
XXL 347.
Eisenburg, county, Hungary, vn. 79a
ElSENNiCKELKlES, mineral, xvi. 392.
EiSENSTADT, tov.-n, Hungary, vn. 790.
EiSFELD, to-.TO, Germany, XXL 348.
ElSLEBEN, town, Prussia, vil. 791.
Eisteddfod, Welsh bardic congress,
vn. 791 ; in. 370.
Eisthaler Thurm, mountain, Austria,
III. 116.
Ejectment, in English law, vn. 792.
Ejigbo, town. West Africa, XXIV. 754.
Ekaterinburg, to*T\, Asiatic Russia,
VII. 793; XVIII. 550; XXIL 11; XXIV.
6; thunderstorms at, XVI. 128.
Ekaterinodar, town, Russia, vii. 793;
XIV. 150.
EKATEftlNOSLAFF, government, E\;.-,sia,
VII. 793; XXL 69; town, VII. 794.
Ekaterinstadi, village, Russia, xvii.
504.
Ekbat.\NA (Ecbatana, q.v./, ancient
town. Media, VIL 621.
Ekdalah, town, India, x. 112, 115.
Ekersberg, Danish painter, vn. 93.
EkHmin, town, Upper Egypt, VII. 794,
Ekrem Bey, Turkish poet, xxni. 657.
Ekron, town of the Philistines, VIL
794; XVlil. 755.
El, Phffinician deity, XVIII. 803.
Elabvga, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
KUEOZITE, mineral, XVL 412.
El^optene Oil, xvil 747.
Elagabalus (HeliogabalusX Romaa
emperor, XI. 632.
Elais Guineensis, source of palm oil,
XVIIL 19a
El Aksa, mcsque, Jerusalem, XIII..642.
El-Aksur, town, Egypt, XV. 89.
El-Altar, mountain, Ecuador, vil.
645.
Elam, 'province, ancient Persia, vil
794; III. 185; XIV. 68.
Eland, antelope, vn. 790; n. loi ; xv.
432.
Elanus, genua 01 oirds, xiv. 104.
Elaps, genus of snakes XXIL 193,
196.
El-Araish, town, Morocco, vn. 796.
El Arish, town, Syria, capitulation ol
(i8co), v. 74; taken by Napoleoo
(i799)> xvn. 201.
El-Asee (Anir b. ai-As, q.v.j, Arab
conqueror of Egypt, VII. 749.
El-Asmai, Arabic writer, II. 713.
EL.4SM0D0N, genus of ungulate mam-
mals, XV. 425.
Elasmggn.'^.thus, genus of ungulate
mammals, xv. 428; xxiii. 56.
Elasiiqsaurus, fossil reptile, xix. 220.
Elasticity, vil 796; xxn. 595, 598,
603; of metals, xvi. 65, 378; coefficient
of, vi. 311; modulus of, IV. 287; XXIL
595; ia relation to sound, I. lot.
Elastic Solid, Dynamics of, xv. 743,
Elatea (Cithseron), mountain, Greece,
V. 794.
Elaterite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Elater Lineatus, wheat pest, xxrv.
536.
Elaterum, drug, vn. 825; vi. 688.
Elath, of Scripture, i. 434.
Elatma, tovra, Russia, XXIII. 41.
El.\to, mountain, Cephalonia, Greece,
v. 344.
Elatosranchia, group of MoUusca,
XVI. 684.
Elaver (AUierX river, France, I. 58 5.
Elb.^ island, Mediterranean, vii. 825;
xni. 440; Napoleon at (h8i4), xvii.
222.
Elbe, river, Germany, vn. 825; X. 449;
in Austria, m. 116.
Elbe-Dues, of Stade, xxn. 439.
E L B — E L I
145"
ELBERFELD, to'WTi, Ehenish Prussia, Vll.
826; XX. 16.
ELBEUF,to%v-n,France,VIL826; XXI. 626.
Elbing, town, Prussia, vii. 826.
Elbodus, or Elbotus, bishop of North
Wales, XVII. 332.
Elbow Jsj^™ i^-rrtocr^ of the, i. 838.
Elbruz, or Elburz, mouniain, Caucasus,
V. 232; xxill. 1S6.
El-Burullus, lake, Egypt, vii. 709.
Elburz, mountain range, Persia, XV.
651; XIII. 395.
El Car.men, town, Mexico, xxiv. 758.
Elche, toTi-n, Sjain, vii. 827.
Elchincen, Duke of (NeyX Jrench
general, XVII. 472.
Eldad ben Malchi, Jewish traveller,
VII. 827.
Elder, ecclesiastical ofiEccr, vn. 827;
XIX. 674, 724; Jewish, XXII. 812.
, tree, Vil. 828.
Eldon, Earl of, lord chancellor of
England, vil. 828.
El Dorado, m}-thical country. South
America, VII. 830; Raleigh's expedi-
tion to, XX. 262.
Elean Dialect, of Greek, xi. 132.
Eleanor, wife of Henry II. of England,
viii. i; IX. 539.
Eleatic School, of philosophy, viii.
i; logic of, XIV. 784; philosophy of,
XVL 80; -XVIIL 315; XXIV. 719, 779.
Elecampane, plant, viii. 2.
Elections, Parliamentary and muaici-
pal,vill.2; British, XVIII. 313; corrupt
practices at, IV. 279; voting by ballot,
III. 289; petitions against returns,
xvin. 703.
ELECTOR,TheGreat(Frederick 'William),
of Brandenburg, IX. 733; XX. 6.
Electors, Parliamentary, Registration
of, XX. 344.
Electka, of Greek legend, xvii. 827.
• , Euripides's play, viil. 677.
Electric Clocks, vi. 25.
Electric Earth Currents, xvi. 178,
183.
Electric Fishes, vii. 694; xii. 649,
694; xx. 299; xxiL 68.
Electricity, viil 3 (index, 105);
as a physical science, xix. 3; atmo-
spheric, XXI 1 1. 329 ; its connexion
with the aiu-ora. III. 96; blasting by,
III. 810; XVI. 446; mechanical power
of, XV. 773; in minerals, XVI. 376; its
effect on the motor nerve, XIX. 24;
Ohm's law, xvn. 738; Peltier effect,
XVIII. 481; propulsive force of, on
railways, xx. 249; contributions to
the science by .(Epinus, I. 183; by
Ampere, L 749; by Canton, v. 39;
by JDe La Rive, vn. 41; by Franklin,
IX. 712; by Sir Wm. Han is, xi. 494;
by Henry, XL 675; by Clark Max-
well, XV. 647; by Pliicker, XIX. 229;
by Siemens, XXII. 38; by Volta, XXIV.
284; electrical societies, XXII. 225.
Electric L.\mps, vi. 73; xiv. 632.
Electric Light, viii. 58; xiv. 630;
discovery of, VIII. 4; use of, in light-
houses, XIV. 627; in mines, xvi. 461.
Electric Lighting, xiv. 630.
Electric Machines, for traction,
XXIIL 494,
Electric Peak, Wyoming, U.S_A..,
xx:v. 737.
Electric Railw.vvs, xx. 249.
Electric Telegraph, xxiil 112;
anticipation of, by Ampere, I. 749.
Electric Tr-\ction, xxiil 495, 508.
Electric Tramway, xxiil 495, 50S.
Electro-Biology, xv. 277.
Electro-Chemical Equivalents,
viii. 13, 112.
Electro-Chemistry, Davy's contribu-
tions to, VI. 846.
ELECTRODYNAJIICS, VIII. 105.
Electrogilding, VIII. 116; De La
Rive'e discovery of, VII. 41.
Electrolysis, viil 106; as related to
diffusion, VII. 219; theories of, VIIL 13.
Electrolyte, viii. 46, 107.
Electromagnet, xiv. 631; xv. 22C,
240, 246; power of, XV. 274.
Electro.m.\gnetic Engines, viii. 10.
Electromagnetic Theory of Light,
XXIV. 422, 450.
Electro-Magnetism, viil , rara-
day's discoveries in, IX. 30; functions
of aether in, VIII. 571.
Electro-Metallurgy, viii. 114.
Electrometer, viii. 117; xxiu. 117;
Volta's, XXIV. 2S4.
Electromotive Force, viii. 83.
Electropmorus, Volta's instrument,
VIII. loi; X-XIV. 284.
Electropl.\ting, VIII. 116; nickel,
XVII. 488.
Electroscope, viil'iiS; dry pile,
VIIL 121.
Electrostatics, viii. 24; history of,
VIII. 14.
Electrostatic Unit, viii. 2*
Electrotypes, viii. 115.
Electrotyping, Process of, xxill. 703;
of maps, XXIL 715.
Electrum, mineral, XVI. 383; in coins,
XVII. 63a "
Elegit, in law, xxiv. 696.
Elegy, form of poetry, xix. 273; Greek,
XI. 138.
, Gray's poem, XI. 77.
Eleia (Elis, q.v.), country, ancient
Greece, VIII. 139.
El-Elfee (Mohammed Bey), Egyptian
leader, VII..761.
ELEMf, Smyrna raisins, XX. 258.
Elements, Chemical, with list, v. 467.
ELEjn, resin, VIII. i22; as incense, XU.
718.
Eleonorite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Elephant, ungulate mammal, viii.
122; XV. 350, 423; of Ceylon, v. 363;
of India, xii. 741; tusks of, xiil. 52a
Elephant., Isle, India, vin. 126.
Elephant asis, disease, viii. 126; xiv.
468; in Po y lesia, XIX. 422.
Elephant's Island, West Africa, x.
59-
ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS, fossil Tnammal,
XV. 447.
Elets, toNvn, Russia, xvii. 826.
Eleusinia, Greek festival, viii. 126;
celebration of mysteries at, XVII. 124;
pilgrimages to, XIX. 91.
Eleusis, town,. Attica, viii. 128; plain
of, III. 59.
Eleuthera Island, West Indies, iil '
236.
Eleutheropolis, ancient town. Pales- '
tine, viii. 128.
EleuTHERUS, river, Syria, XXII. 821.
Eleuths, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744.
Elevated R.\ilroad, Xew York,
xviL 465; XX. 240.
Elevator, lifting apjaratus, xiv. 5731
for blast furnaces, XIIL 301; hydrau-
lic, XIL 520.
Elfrida, Mason's tragedy, xv. 611.
Elfsborg, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
El-Fustat, ruined towa, Egj-pt, viL
770.
El-Geezeh, or Ghizeh, Pyramids of,
II. 385; VIL 770; XX. 123.
Elgin, county, Scotland, vin. 129; area
and population, XXI. 52S; represen-
tation, XXIII. 727; tov/n, VIIL 130.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., XII. 706.
, Seventh Earl of, collector of Elgin
Marbles, VIII. 131.
AND Kincardine, Earl of, govet^
nor-general of India, viii. 131; his
treaty with China (1858), v. 652.
Marbles, British Museum,' il
356; VIIL 131.
Elgiva, -R-ife of Edwy, king of the
West Saxons, England, vii. 692.
EL-Golea, town, Algeria, viii. 133.
El GR-\0, town, Valencia, Sjjaiu, XXIV.
34-
El Greco (Domenico Theotocopuli),
painter, XI. 80.
El-Hadd.^.d, chief of the Kabyles, I.
569.
El-Hamra, to^\-n, Egypt, vii. 775.
El-Hasa, province, Asiatic Turkey,
xxiii. 653.
El-Hasan (Alhazen), Arab mathema-
tician, I. 572; on optics, XIV. 578.
Eli, priest and judge of Israel, VIII.
133-
Elia, Essays of, by C. Lamb, XIV.
23*5.
Elias (Elijah, q.v.), Hebrew prophet,
VIIL 134.
, iiatriarch of Antioch, Syriac \iTiter,
XXIL 841.
, bishop of Merv, Syriac ■jmter,
XXII. 843.
, Xestorian patriarch, Syriac writer,
XXIL 849.
20—8
146
E L I — E L S
Elias of Al-AnLar, Syriac writer,
XXII. 849.
, Ney, on the Grand Canal, Cliina,
V. 631.
BAR ShinaVA, Syriac WTiter,
- XXII. 850.
Levita, Jewish rabbi, vill. 133.
, Mount, Thera, Greece, XXIII. 280.
Eliasite, mineral, XVI. 3S8.
Eliberitanus (Johannes Leo), Moorish
geographer, xiv. 453.
Elicius, epithet of Jupiter, XIII. 780.
Sue de Beaumont, J. B. A. L. L.,
French geologist, VIII. 134.
Elijah, Hebrew prophet, vill. 134;
XIII. 407; XIX. 8r
Elimination, in equations, viil. 497.
Eliot, Sir John, English statesman,
VIII. 138.
, John, apostle of the Indians, VIII.
136; XVI. 514; XVII. 243.
Elis, country, ancient Greece, VIII. 139;
XVII-. 766; coins of, XVII. 643; town,
VIII. 140.
Elisa (Dido), queen of Carthage, VII.
196.
Elisabethenkirche, church at Mar-
burg, Prussia, XV. 530.
Elisabethpol, government, Trans-
caucasia, Russia, XXIII. 513.
Elisabethstadt, part of Pestn,
Hungary, XVIII. 691.
Elish.\, Hebrew prophet, VIII. 140;
XIII. 407; XIX. 816.
Elizabeth, queen of England, VIII. 142,
340; her relations with the earl of Essex,
VIII. 5 56; with the earl of Leicester, XIV.
425; witliEaleigh, XX. 262; her treat-
ment of Mary, queen of Scots, XV. 599 ;
excommunication of, by Pius V., XIX.
154; state of Ireland under, Xlli. 263;
parliament under, xviii. 307 ; her
embassy to Russia, XXI. 93 ; her
interference in Scottish affairs, xxi.
502, 507.
. , St, of Hungary, viii. 145; founder
of convents, xvii. 132; her tomb, xv.
53°-
of Schonau, mediaBval mystic,
XVII. 132; XXIV. 1.3.
, or the Exiles of Siberia, Cottin's
work, VI. 481.
, town, New Jersey, U.S.A., Vlll.
I45;xvn. 397.
Farnese, wife of Philip V. of
Spain, IX. 36; XXII. 337.
Petrovna, empress of Russia,
vin. 145; XXI. 98.
Elizabethgrad, town, Russia, viii.
146.
Elizabethpol, town, Russia, viil. 140.
El-JezIREH, plain, Mesopotamia, HI.
183
EL-JtB (Qibeon), town, Palestine, x. 583.
Elk, or Moose Deer, vii. 24, 25; Irish,
extinction of, 11. 336; of Norway,
Xvil. 581.
El-Kahireh, cr Cairo, toHm, Egypt, IV.
645; vn. 751, 76
El-Kajiil, sultan of Egypt, VII. 754.
El-Karn, lake, Egypt, VII. 709, 774.
El-Karnak, Egypt, Temple at, VIL
777-
El-JCatif, town, Arabia, XIV. 15.
El-Keff, or ^of, town, Tunis, XIV. 27;
XXIII. 620.
Elkesaites, eastern sect, XXI. 12S.
El-Khalil, or Hebron, town, Palestine,
XI. 608.
Elkhorn, river, Nebraska, U.a.A.,
XVII. 307.
El-Kindi, Arab Christian apologist,
XXII. 848.
Elkington, bis plan of draining, I.
33-
Elk-Mountains, Colorado, U.S_A, vi.
161; XXIII. 796.
Elkosh, birthplace of Nahum, xvil.
165.
El-Kuds, Arabic name of Jerusalem,
XIII. 636.
El-Kurneh, ruined village, E^ypt,
VIL 779.
Ellenborough, Earl of, governor-
general of India, viil. 146; XII. 807.
, Lord, chief justice of England, viii.
146.
Ellen's Peak, Western Australia,
XXIV. 507.
Ellesmere, lake, England, xxi. 847;
town, XXI. 848.
, Earl of, English litterateur, vill.
148.
Ellice Islands, Polynesia, xix. 420,
Ellichpur, district, India, VIII. 148.
Elliot, D. G., on North-American birds,
xyiii. II.
, Sir Gilbert, earl of Minto, British
statesman, xvi. 492.
Elliotson, John, English physician,
VIIL 148.
Elliott, Ebenezer, corn-law rhymer,
VIII. 149.
Ellipse, in geometry, VL 275; x. 398;
mensuration of, XVI. 19.
Ellipsoids of Revolution, Legendre
on attractions of, XIV. 414; MacLaurin
on, XV. 162; magnetic experiments
on, XV. 255.
Elliptic Functions, xiii. 58;
Landen's theorem, XI v. 271; tables
connected vrith, XXIII. 14.
Ellipticitv of the Earth, vii. 600.
Elliptic Motion, in mechanics, xv.
685.
Ellis, Alexander J., hia palceotype
alphabet, I. 608. See also XXII. 381.
, George, English writer, VIII. 150.
, G. J. Welbore Agar, Lord Dover,
VII. 381.
, G. v., his Demonstrations of
Anatomy, I. 817.
, Sir Hemy, English antiquary,
VIII. 150.
Ellis, Williarj, English missionary, Ylli!
150.
Island, New York, U.S.A., xviL
459-
Ellman, John, improver of Southdown
sheep, I. 392.
Ellor, town, India, viii. 151.
Ellora. town, India, viil. 151; caw
temple at, II. 394, 395.
Ellrig, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 553.
Ellsworth, town, Maine, U.S.A., viil
151-
, Oliver, American chief justice,
XXIII. 748.
Ellur (EUor), to^vn, India, VIII. 151.
Ellwood, Thomas, English theological
writer, ^III. 151; xvi. 335.
Elm, tree, viii. 151; culture of, n. 317;
in United States, XXIII. 808.
El-Maasarah, quarries, Egypt, VIL
773-
'Elmacin, or Elmakyn, George, Egyp«
tian historian, VIII. 152.
Elm City (New Haven), ConnecticnW
U.S.A., XVII. 394.
El-Mecheref CBerber), town, Egypt,
III. 584.
El-Medeeneh, to^-n, Egypt, vii. 774,,
El-Menzeleh, lake, Egypt, VII. 709.
Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale, English archij
tect, VIIL 152; XIV. 714.
, James, English architect, VIIL'
152.
Elmina, town. West Africa, vin. 152;
X. 755.
El-Minveh, town, Egypt, vil. 774.
Elmira, tovra, New Vork, U.S.A., vill.'
153; XVIL 457.
El-Moizz, Fatimite caliph, Egypt, VII.
750; XVI. 5S8.
El Mudo (J. F. NavarreteX Spanish
painter, XVII. 250.
Elnbogew, mountain, Germany, XXI
349-
Elnya, town, Russia, xxii. 183.
El-Obeid, town, Kordofan, Africa, Vlll.
•53-
Elohist, of the Old Testament, I. 54;
iii. 637; xviii. 506.
Elohistic Psalms, xx. 30
itLOl, St, bishop of Noyon, VIII. 153.
Elopura, town. North Borneo, XXI.
123-
Eloquence, iv. 542. See also article.
Rhetoric, XX. 508.
El Paso del Norte, town, Mexico,
viii. 153.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, Indian
statesman, Vin. 153; envoy to Afghan-
istan, I. 240.
, William, Scottish bishop and states-
man, VIII. 154.
El Rancho, mineral spring. New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvil 400.
El Rosario, town, Mexico, VIH. 1 55.
Elsass (Alsace, 5.1'.), province, Ger-.
' many, I. 636
Elsinors, town, Denmark, VIII. 155;
population, xxiv. 771.
Elster, Saxony, mineral water of, XVI.
434, 435-
Eltavona (Newark), ancient town,
England, XVII. 370.
Eltham, Statutes of, xxi. 36.
Palace, Kent, England, xiv. 40.
Elton, John, English trader in Persia,
xvni. 643.
El-Uksur (Luxor), Egypt, Temple at,
XIII. Sg; VII. 776.
EluLvEUS, king of Tyre, XVIII. 808.
Elvans, veins of quartz-porohvry, x.
312; XL 49.
Elvas, tavm, Portugal, Vlll. 155; XIX.
537-
Elvers, young eels, vii. 693.
Elves, fairies, viii. 854.
ElvoCugus, Welsh ecclesiastic, XVll.
332-
Ely, town, England, viii. 155.
, Isle of, district, England, IV. 727.
Elymais, district, Persia, Vll. 794; XIII.
395; xvni. 592.
Elymoi, tribe, Sicily, XXIL 15.
Elyot, Sir Thomas, English scholar,
VIII. 156.
Elysium, of Greek mythology, viii. 1 56.
Elytra, wings of beetles, vi. 126.
El Yunque, mountain, Porto Rico,
XIX. 532.
Elzevir, family of Dutch printers, viil.
156; their editions of the classics, III.
657.
Emanation, Theory of, in philosophy,
VIIL 752.
Emanations, World of, Kabbalistic,
xin. 811.
Emancipation, in Roman law, xx. 687.
, of slaves, in Jamaica, xiii. 551; in
United States, XXIII. 777. See also
article Slavery.
Emanuel, or Emmanuel, king of Por-
tugal, VIII. 157; XIX. 545, 547.
B. Salomon, Hebrow poet, viiM 57.
EmballonuriD/E, family of bats, xv.
412.
Embalming, of dead bodies, viii. 158;
in Egypt, XVII. 20; use of myrrh in,
XVII. 121.
Embankment, in engineering, vin. 158;
railway, XX. 232; of rivers, XX. 572;
of the Mississippi, XVI. 519; for water-
works, XXIV. 406.
feMBARGO, in international law, XIII. 194.
Embassies, Resident, l 657.
Embden, or Emden, town, Prussia,
viii. 169.
Ember Days and Weeks, viii. 159.
Emberiza, genus of birds, xvil. 534.
Embezzlement, in English law, vill.
159; XXIII. 232.
Embid.*:, group of insects, xill. 152.
Emblements, in English law, viii. 160;
XIV. 274.*
Emblems, of the Physiologns, xix. 7.
E I; S — E 'N 0
Emblems, Quanes's booK, xx. 1 59.
Embolite, mineral, XVI. 384.
Embossing, viii. 160.
Embrasure, in fortification, ix. 432.
Embroidery, pictorial needlework,
VIIL 160; lace, XIV. 184; Japaneae,
XIIL 591.
Embrun, town, France, viii. 16
Embryo, of plants, iv. 155.
Embryology, viii. 163; rise of the
science, XVI. S39; cellular, XXIV. 810;
in relation to evolution, viii. 745 j
animal, xx. 418; of ascidians, xxiii.
613; of Crustacea, VI. 648 ; ofMollusca,
XVI. 637; of nemertine worms, xvil.
330; of reptiles, XX. 463; of sponges,
XXIL 425; of plants, IV. 82.
Embryo-Sacs, in plants, xx. 424.
Emden, town, Prussia, vili. 169.
Emeer, or Emir, Oriental title, L 154;
IL 249; XVI. 587.
Emerald, precious stone, viil. 170; iii.
613; XVI. 41S; mines, Colombia, VI.
154.
Hill, suburb of Melbourne, Vic-
toria, XV. 836.
Emerald-Nickel, mineral, xvl 399.
Emerald Table, in alchemy, I. 462.
^MERic - David, Toussaint - Bernard,
French archseologist, VIII. 170.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American
writer, I. 729, 733.
, William, English mathematician,
VIIL 170.
Emery, mineral, viil 171.
Emesa (Hems), ancient town, Syria, XI.
649; XXII. 823.
Emetics, in medicine, vin. 171.
Emetine, vegetable alkaloid, xill. 210.
Emeu, bird, viii. 171; in. 112; xx. 505.
Emigration, viii. 173; from England,
VIIL 222; from Ireland, XIII. 238.
Emigres, French, IX. 600; return of,
IX. 614.
6mile, Rousseau 8 wors, XXI. 26.
Emilia, Italian dialect of, xill. 493.
G a LOT! I, Lessing's tragedy, xiv.
481.
EmilianW)!V, Italy, XIIL 435; XX. 555.
Emilio, Paolo, historian, I. 182.
Emir, Oriental title, L 154; IL 249;
XVI. 587.
Emma Mine, Utah, U.S.A., xxiii. 815.
Emmanuel, king of Portugal, xix. 545,
S47-
bar Shahhare, Syriae writer,
XXII. 849
College, Cambridge, iv. 731.
Philibert, prince of Savoy, xxi.
341-
Emmaus, village near Jerus£uem, viii.
177-
Emmerich, town, Prussia, viii. 177.
, Anna Katharina, stigmata of, XXH.
5 jo-
Emmet, Robert, Irish revolutionist,
VIIL 178; XIII. 271.
147
Emmet, Thomas Addis, Irish lawyer
and revolutionist, viii. 178.
EMMlus.'Ubbo, Dutch historian, TI»
178.
Emmonite, mineral, xvi. 398.
Emodin, constituent of rhubarb, XX.
530-
E mon a (Laibach), ancient town. Austria,
XIV. 215.
Emotional Expression, pieasxirable
and painful, in psychology, xx. 43, 72.
Emotions, Muscular esnreasion of,
XIX. 5.
, Stoic theory of the, xxil. 567.
Empedocles, Greek philosopher, viil
178; XXII. 16; on evolution, VIIL 756.
Emperor, sove eign title, viil 179;
XXIIL 417.
, Roman, in Angustau age. III. 86;
XX. 769.
Emperors, Roman, Chronological table
of, XX. 781.
Emphysema, affection of ths lungs,
VIII. 180.
Emphyteusis, in Roman law, xx. 713,
Empire, viil 181; the first French,
XVIL 208; the Koly Roman, X. 484.
State (New York), United States,
XVIL 455.
Empiricism, Greek, in medicine, XT,
802.
Emplectite, inineral, XVI. 394.
Employers and Workmen. Laws i»
lating to, XIV. 1 70.
Employer's Insurance, xiil 161,
Employer's Liability, xxiii. 455.
Empoli, to-ivn, Italy, viii. 182.
Empyema, or Fmpyeema, medical tem,
VIII. 182; XIX. 222.
Ems, tovm, Prussia, VIII. 182: mineral
water of, XVL 435.
Emu, or Emeu (j.ti.), bird, viii. 171 ; iii
112.
Emulsine, 'constituent of almonds, IX.
96.
Emys, genus of chelonian rentiles, XXin.
457-
Enamel, glaze on metal, viii 182; in
jewellery, XIIL 679; niello work, XVIL
494; in pottery, XIX. 601.
Enantiomorphism, XIX. 313.
Enare, Lake, Russian Laclan<l« '^JV.
305-
Enargite, mineral, XVI. 395.
Enarians, Scythian priests, XXI. 576.
Encaustic Painting, viii. 185.
Encaustic Tiles, viil 187; iv. 283.
Encephalon, Anatomy of the, i. 869.
Enchantment, magic, xv. 199.
Enchasing, or Cbsaiag, industjial art,
VIIL 189
Enchiridion Ethicum, Henry Moc^'ir
work, VIII. 597.
Enchondroma, diseas3, xviii. 370.
Encina, or Eruina, J'lan del, Sp="'j>>
dramatist, viil 189; vil. 420; XXU.
356.
148
E N C — E N G
Encke, Johann Fian/, German astrono-
mer, VIII. 1 901
Encke's Comet, vi. 191.
Encolpius, hero of Petronius'a Satirze,
xviii. 722.
Encoubert, edentate mammal, xv.
387-
Encratites, early Christian sect, 11.
217.
INCUMBERED ESTATES COURT, Ire-
land, XIII. 229.
ENCYCLOPyEDl.^, vill. 190; Americana,
XIV. 564; American Cyclopsedia, XX.
568; of Antiquities, Focbroke's, IX.
470; Arabic, of Hajji Khalfa, XI. 376;
Britannica, history of, viii. 199;
Metropolitana, viii. 204; Penny Cy-
clopeedia, XIV. 856; Vincent of Beau-
vais's, XXIV. 235.
OF Theology, theoldgical disci-
pline, XXIII. 272.
Encyclopedias, Chinese, v. 663.
Encyclop^die, The French, viii. 197;
IX. 671; its influence, IX. 593; Dide-
rot's and lyAIemberfs contributions
to, VI!. 194; Voltaire's, XXIV. 292.
M£THODlQUE,of Panckoucke,vill.
202.
Ende, Franz van den, Dutch physician
and teacher, XXI I. 400.
Endeh (Flores), island, Indian Archi-
pelago, IX. 337.
Enderby Land, South Polar regions,
XIX. 330.
Enderi (Andreeva), town, Bussia, IL
30.
Endbrlein, Caspar, Swiss metal-
worker, XIX. 184.
Endicott, John, governor of New Eng-
land, XX. 152.
Endive, esculent phmt, VIH. 205; V.
615; XII. 282.
Endocarditis, disease, ix. 554; xx.
5^7.
Endoderm, layer of animal tissue, II.
51; ceUs, XIX. 14.
Endodermis, layer of cells in plants,
XII. 18.
Endog.'VMY, marrying within the com-
munity, VIM. 619; classes among
whom it prevails, V. 187. See also
XXIII. 472.
Endop.^rasites, in Leuckart's classi-
fication, XVIII. 261.
Endopl.\sm, internal protoplasm, XII. 4.
Endoplastica, group of Protozoa, II.
50-
Endor, ancient town, Palestine, Vlil.
205.
Endoskeleton, 1. 820; XXII. 106, 109.
Endosperm, reproductive tissue ia
plants, XX. 430.
Endosporea, order of Protozoa, XIX.
840.
Endospore^ group of Schizomycetes,
XXI. 405.
Endothelium, in anatomy, i. 846, 848.
Endotrichea, suborder of Protozoa,
•XIX. 841.
Endow'ed Schools Acts, viii. 205.
Endowments, Charitable and educa-
tional, V. 402.
Endrick„ river, Scotland, XXII. 553.
Endvmion, of Greek mythology, VIII.
205.
, Keats's poem, xiv. 23.
Eneas, The, romance, xx. 639.
Ensit, H. von Veldeke's poem, X. 523.
EKSRGETICS, branch of dynamical
ecience, XIX. 2; applied, in mechanics,
XV. 772.
Energy, in physics, viii. 205; xv. 676,
746; kinetic, XV. 6g8; potential, XV.
700, 74S; conservation of, XVIII. 553;
conservation and transformation of,
XXIII. 283; conservation of, in rela-
tion to radiation of heat, XX. 213;
ilohr's enunciation of conservation of,
XVI. 607; dissipation of, XXIII. 285;
differential equation of, vil. 822 ;
transformation of, m nutrition, XVII.
68 5; transmissibility of, through ether,
VIII. 570; in applied mechanics, xv.
764; of moving molecules, XVI. 6i2j
in liquids, XII. 466; in a wave, XXIV.
415.
, Bodily, its sources, xix. 9.
, Vegetable, XIX. 55.
Enfans sans Souci. French actors,
IX. 645.
Enfantin, Barth^lemy Prosper, Frenth
socialist, vin. 211; xxi. 198; his
connexion with Bazard, III. 459.
Enfield, town, England, viiu 212;
small-arms factory at, II. 633.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., VIIL
212.
, "William, English miscellaneous
writer, VIII. 212.
Enfilade, in fortification, rx. 420.
Enfleurage, method of extracting
perfumes, XIII. 595; XVU. 748; XVIII.
526.
Engadine, vdley, Switzerland, VIIL
213; XL 205.
Engagers, in Scottish history, xxl
514.
Engel, Johann Jakob, German wiber,
VIIL 214; X. 535.
Engelbrechtsdatter, Dorthe, Nor-
wegian poetess, VIII. 214; xviL 589.
Engelbrechtsson, Engelbrecht, Swed-
ish patriot, XXII. 746.
Engelh.\ROT, Baron von, his obser-
vatory at Dresden, Germany, XVII. 712.
Engelmann, Dr, his refractor telescope,
XXIIL 149.
Engels, Friedrich, German socialist,
XXII. 210.
Enghien, France, mineral water of,
XVI. 435.
, Due d',French prince, VIIL214; "VL
245; execution of, XVII. 207; XXI. 325.
Engia, idind. Ore:;;;, L iSa
Engineer and Railw.\y Transport
Corps, xxiv. 295.
Engineering, viil 215; military, ix
421.
Societies, xxii. 226.
Engineers, Amalgamated Society at^
XXIII. 500.
, Naval, duties of, xvii. 294.
, Koyal, in British army, II. 579.
Engine Houses, Eailway, xx. 237.
Engines, Air, l 42S; x:ul 522.
, Gas, XXII. 523.
, Locomotive, XX. 225^ 244; xxil.
520.
, Marine, XXI. 824; XXII. 517.
, Steam and other Heat, XXIL 473.
England, Geography and statistics of,
VIII. 215 (index, 262); the name, viiL
263, 2S3; origin of name, XXI. 476;
academies of science, I. 73; of art,
I. 78; progress of agriculture, I. 299?
architecture, II. 425, 442; army, II.
568; artiBery service, II. 659; bank-
ing, III. 316; birds, XVIII. 17; census
returns, V. 335 ; coalfields, vi. 49;
coins, XVIL 656; colonies, VL 159;
American colonies, L 708 ; cotton
manufacture, VI. 489; drama, viL
427; fisheries, IX. 249; marine fishes,
XII. 678; forests, IX. 399; government,
XL 12; Jews in, XIIL 684; land tenure
in, Xiv. 263 ; language, VIII. 390J
legitimacy laws in, III. 426; libraries,
XIV. 513, 515, 542; mines, XVL 467;
national debt, xvii. 245; navy, xvn.
287; newspapers, xvii. 413; nobility,
XVII. 529; observatories, xvn. 710;
parliament, XVIII. 302; parliamentary
representation, XXIIL 727; population,
XXIIL 727 ; post office, XIX. 571;
railway system, XX. 226; settlements
in Asia, 11. 701 ; technical schools,
XXIII. 109; shipping trade, XXI. 826;
weights and measures, XXIV. 4S9.
, History of, VIIL 263 (index,
367); Anglo-Saxons in, xvii. 568 ;
Anglo-Saxon law code, XXI. 215 ;
Danish invasion of, I. 506; its con-
nexion with Normandy, xvii. 539 >
Norman settlement in, xvn. 54S;
genealogical table of the Norman
kings, XXIV. 576; Reformation in, XX.
327, 337; Cranmer's part in the Refor-
mation, VI. 550 ; Renaissance period,
XX. 392 ; sweating-sickness in, XXIL
734; taxation and finance, history of,
IX. 174 ; Templars in, XXIIL 163 ;
under cojJition ministry (1783), XIX.
139 ; under Cromwell, VI. 598 ; in
time of Ethelred, viii. 567; of Fox,
IX. 496 ; of Pitt, XIX. 139 ; under
Walpole, XXIV. 335; union of English
and Scottish crowns (1603), XXI. 509;
union of parliaments (1707X xxi. 518;
Uacaulay's History of, XV. 128 ;
PauU's, XVIII. 433; Polydore Virgil's,
XXIV. 255.
E N G — E P H
149
ENGLAND, Church of, viii. 370 ; Thirty-
Nine Articles of, II. 653 ; form of bap-
tism in, III. 352; benefices, III. 560;
bishops. III. 788; Broad Churchism in,
XXII. 453; Convocation, VI. 325; Eccle-
siastical Commission, vil. 627; govern-
ment of, VIII. 247; the king the head
of, XIX. 674; liturgy, xiv. 710; music
of, XVII. 88; order of precedence in,
XIX. 667; Tractarian and Gorham con-
troversies, XXII. 451.
, Presbyterian Church of, XIX. 685.
IN Time of War, Dobell's poem,
VII. 307.
English Architecture, ii. 425, 442.
English Bards and Scotch Re-
viewers, Byron's, IV. 606.
English Bible, viii. 381. See Bible.
English Church, Early, its national
character, VIII. 279.
English Cvclop^edia, vin. 204.
English Drama, vii. 427.
English Grammar, xi. 42.
English Language, viii. 390; xviii.
782,787; origin of, Vlii. 272; accentu-
ation of, I. 81, 82; dialects of, VIII.
400; dictionaries of, VII. 187; infusion
of Norman words in, Vill. 299.
English Law, Codification of, vi.
106.
English Literature, viii. 403 (index,
435). See also index, VIII. 367.
English Medieval MSS., xviii. 159.
.English People, Origin of, vin. 266,
268.
Engraved Plates, Invention of print-
ing from, IX. 215.
Engraving, viii. 435; of gems, x. 137;
of imps, XXI!. 715; photo-engraving,
XVIII. 834; wo^, early, v. 99; xxin.
683 ; substitutes for, XXIII. 704 ; in
time of Albrccht Dttrer, VII. 554; in
Florence in 15th century, IV. 166;
Marcantonio's improvements in, XV.
531 ; Turner's influence on, XXIII. 666.
Engrossing Grain, Laws against, vl
413.
Encuera, town, Spain, vin. 446.
Enguri (Angora), town, Turkey in
Asia, II. 45.
ENHARMcnics, in music, xviL 79, 91.
Enhydra, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XVIII. 69.
Enkhuizen, town, Holland, viii. 446.
Enlistment, in British army, vili. 446.
Act, British, II. 574.
Acts, Foreign, XIII. ig6.
Enna (Castro Giovanni), ancient town,
Sicily, v. 201.
En-Nasir MoHAMMEDjSultan of Egypt,
vn. 756.
Enneads, of Plotiuus, XVII. 335.
Ennemond, St, archbishop of Lyons,
XXI. 159.
Enneper Strasse, valley, Westphalia,
XXIV. 517.
Enms, town, Ireland, viii. 446.
Enniscorthy, town, Ireland, VIIL447;
population, X.xiv. 521.
Enniskillen, town, Ireland, viiL 447.
E'NNIUS, Q., Roman poet and di-amatist,
VIII. 447; VII. 410; XVIII. 129; XIX.
215; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 717; language of, Xlv. 332.
Enns, river, Styria, Austria, xxil. 614.
Enoch, of Scripture, VIIL 449.
, Book of, II. 175.
Enopla, division of nemertine worms,
XVII. 326.
Enos, town, Turkey in Europe, viii.
449.
Enrique (Henry), Don, brother of
Pedro I. of Castile, XVIII. 45CX
Enriquez Gomez, Antonio, Spanish
dramatist, VIII. 449.
Enschede, town, Holland, VIII. 4501
Ensigns, Military, ix. 276.
Ensilage, method of preserving fodder,
XXII. 67.
En Soph, the Deity in the Kabbalah,
XIII. 811.
Enstatite, mineral, XVI. 415.
Ent, of Eleatic philosophy, XVIII. 315.
Entablature, in architecture, IL 464;
Egyptian, 11. 391 ; Greek, II. 403.
Entail, in law, viii. 450; xiii. 77; of
land, XIV. 264; settlement in, XXI.
694.
Entasis, in architecture, 11. 464.
Enteric Fever, or Typhoid Fever,
XXIII. 678.
ENTEROZOA,divisionof the animal king-
dom, XIX. 830; in Lankester's clas.si-
fication, xxiv. 812.
Entfuhrung aus DEM Serail, Moz-
art's opera, XVII. la
Enthvmeme, in rhetoric, XX. 510.
EnTlebuch, valley, Switzerland, xv.
40.
Ento.mOLOGY, the science of insects,
XIII. 141 ; Swammerdam's entomo-
logical collection, XXII. 73a
Entomophaga, group of insects, xili.
148.
EntomophthorEiE, parasitic fungi,
XVIIL 267.
Entoprocta, subclass of Polyzoa, xix.
438-
Entoptic Phenomena, in the eye, viii.
819.
F.NTOZOA, internal parasites, XVIII. 258;
XXIII. 49.
Entregasteaux, Joseph Antoine Brvini
d', French navigator, VIII. 454.
Entrenchments, in fortification, ix.
43I-
Entropy, in thermodynamica, xxiii.
285.
Envelopes, in geometry, xiii. 27.
, Paper, Manufacture of, XXII. 461.
Environment, Effect of, on plants and
animals, xxiv. 82.
Envoys, Diplomatic, I. 657; xiii. 193.
!• Envo (Bellona), Greek divinity, HI. 549-
Enzeh, or Enaelli, town, Persia, V. 177;
XX. 285.
Gulf, Caspian Sea, V. 177.
Enzianbranntwein, spirituous liquor,
X. 160.
Enzina, or Encina, Jnan del, Spanish
dramatist, Vil. 420; vilL 189; XXIL
356.
Enzio, king of Sardinia, VIIL 454; XIIL
47S-
Enzymes, ferments in alimentary juicaa,
XVII. 671.
EOA, island, South Pacific, IX 779.
Eobaiius, Helius (Hecsiia), German
humanist, XI. 781.
Eocene Rocks, x 360.
EOLIS, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 656, 657.
■^.ON DE Beaumont (ChevEilier D'Eon)^
French adventurer, VIIL 455.
EONYCTERIS, genus of bats, XV. 41a
EorD/EA, district, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Eorls, nobility of early England, VIIL
274; xvn. 529; xvin. 302.
Eos, genus of birds, XV. 7.
, Myth of, VIII. 205; XXin. 41 J
Eosine, potassium salt, iv. 361.
EOSITE, mineral, XVI. 403.
EOSPHORITE, mineral, XVL 407.
EoTVOS, Jozsef, Baron, Hungarian states-
man and poet. Mil. 455; XII. 371, 379.
Eozoon, fossU or mineral, X 328.
Canadense, supposed fossil for»-
minifer, I. 679; IX. 384.
Epact, in the calendar, IV. D72.
Epakto (Lepanto), town, Greece, XIV.
467.
Efaminondas, Theban general, vill.
456; XI. 103; XVI. 52; his friendship
with Pelopidas, xvui. 479; his inva-
sion of Sparta, XXII. 371.
Eparch, ecclesiastical title, XVIIL 4icx
fipAULEMENT, in fortification, IX 424.
Epe, town, West Africa, XXIV. 754,
fip^E, Charles-Michel, Abb^ de 1', teacher
of deaf-mutes, viii. 457; VIL 7.
Eperies, town, Hungary, vin. 457.
ilPERNAY, town, France, viu. 457.
Epha, Syrian measure, XXIV. 485.
EphemeriDjE, family of insects, VIIL
457; XHL 152.
Ephesiaca, Greek novel, XK. 635.
Ephesians, Epistle to tlie, viiL 458;
XVIIL 422.
Ephesus, ancient town, Asia Minor,
VIII. 466; coins of, XVII. 646; council
of (431), XVII. 356; St Paul at, Xviil
420; temple of Diana at, II. 406, 410.
, The Seven Sleepers of, legend, XXI.
697.
EpheT/E, Court of the, at Athens, 11. 483.
EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS, gaius of birds,
XIII. 529.
Ephori, Greek magistrates, vin. 469;
of Sparta, XV. 96.
Ephorus, Greek historian, vm. 469!
V. 710.
Ephraemi Codex, xviii. 147.
150
Ephraem Syrus, early Christian writer,
VIII. 470J XXII. 827; as hymn-writer,
XH. 579.
Ephraui, of Scripture, vili. 471; tribe
of, XIII. 749.
, the Syrian, early Christian ^vriter,
VIII. 470; XII. 579; XXII. 837.
Ephthalites, or Hephthalites (White
Huns), ancient people of Europe and
Asia, XIV. 59; xviil. 610, 613; XXIII.
639, 659>
Epiblast, layer of tissue in animal
embryo, II. 51; VIII. 746; XXII. 106.
Epiboulangerite, mineral, xvi. 396.
EpiCHARMUS, Greek poet, VIII. 471;
XXII. 16.
Epichlorite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Epic Poetry, xjx. 264; of the Alexan-
drine school, I. 499; of Greece, XI. 137;
Sanskrit, XXI. 2S0, 283.
Epicrium Glutinosum, species of
Amphibia, I. 761.
Epictetus, Greek philosopher, viii.
471; Stoic teaching of, XXII. 573; his
discourses and manual published by
Arrian, II. 63a
Epicureanism, viii. 473;.xvni. 685;
XXI. 379; ethics of, viii. 586.
Epicurus, Greek philosopher, vill. 472;
ethics of, VIII. 5S6.
Epidamnus (Durazzo), ancient town,
lUyricum, VIII. 476; VII. 553.
Epidaurus, ■ ancient town, Argolis,
Greece, VIII. 476.
, ancient town, Laconia, Greece, viii.
.477-
(Vecchia xiagusa;, ancient town,
niyricum, VIII. 477.
Epidermis, or Cuticle, XXII. 107 ;
anatomy of, L 897; of plants, iv. 89;
XII. 17.
Epidote, mineral, X. 228; xvi. 409.
Epifan, town, Eussia, xxiii. 605.
Epigenesis, biological theory. III. 6S2;
VIII. 744 ; Wolff's demonstration of,
VIII. 165; xxrv. 631.
Epigenite, mineral, XVI. 396.
Epigoni, in Greek mythology, Vlll.
477-
, school of economists, XIX. 37a
EpigrammaTA, John Owen's, xviii. 85.
Epigrams, viii. 477; 11. 103; of the
Alexandrian school, I. 499.
Epigraphy, the science of inscriptions,
XIII. 114; xviii. 143.
Epilepsy, disease, vill. 479; xill. 100;
XVIIL 391 ; its connexion with de-
moniacal possession, vii. 61; hystero-
epOepsy, XII. 60:.
Epilogue?, Dramitic, vii. 392.
Epimanes, or Epiphanes, Antiochus
rV., king of S>Tia, II. 133; XIII. 421;
XVIII. 589.
Epimenides, Greek poet, viii. 48 1.
Epimetheus, of Greek legeud, XXIV.
782.
Spinal, wwn, France, Tin. 48^.
E P H — E R B
EpINAY, Madame d', French authoress,
VIII. 482; her patronage of Eousseau,
XXI. 25.
Epinicia, odes by Pindar, XIX. 100.
Epiphanes, Antiochus IV., king of
Syria, II. 133; XIIL 421; xv^ii. 589.
Epiphanius, St, early Christian writer,
VIH. 482; XVI. 503.
Epiph.\ny, church festival, VIII. 483;
XIII. 660.
Epiphyllum, group of Cactaceje, iv.
626.
Epiphytes, plants growing on others,
IV. 94; xvni. 264.
'Epirus; district, Greece, Vlil. 483 ; I.
446; coins of, XVII. 641.
Episcopacy, viii. 484; in the early
church, V. 700; in Scotland, XIX. 683;
XXI. 507, 5:0, 515, 780; Milton's
■writings against, XVI. 329.
Episcopal Church, of Ireland, viii.
490 ; of Scotland, vill. 490 ; its
liturgy, XIV. 711 ; Protestant, of
United States, VIII. 493; its liturgy,
XIV. 711.
Episcopal Methodism, American,
xvL 191.
Episcopi, hill, Greece, xxiv. 282.
Episcopius, Simon, Dutch theologian,
VIII. 493; at synod of Dort, vil. 374.
Epistemology, or Theory of Know-
ledge, :;vill. 793; Ferrier's, IX. iia
Epistilbite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Epistles of Phalaris, hi. 53, 579 ;
XVIII. 730
Epistola ad Dorpium. Sir Thomas
More's, xvi. 819.
Epitaph, viii. 493.
Epithalamion, Spenser's p6em, xxil.
395-
Epithalamium, nuptial song, viii.
496.
Epithelioma, canoer of skin, xviii.
382.
EPiTHELiui!, Epithelium Cells, in
anatomy, L 847; XII. 4; XVII. 673.
Epitr-^pezius, Greek b statuette of
Hercules, XV. 120.'
Epizooty, cattle disease, XVII. 57.
Epochs, or Eras, iv. 68 1.
Epomeo, Monte, Ischia, Italy, XIII. 385.
EpomopHORUS, genus of bats, xv. 408,
409.
Eponymos, first archon at Athens, xi.
96.
Eporedia (Ivrea), ancient to3v-n, Italy,
XIII. 525.
Epping Forest, Englana, viii. 553;
XIV. 824.
Epr^MENIL, or Espr^mesnil, J. J.
Duval d', French politician, VIII. 54S.
Epsom, to-n-n, England, VIII. 496; XXll.
694; horse-racing at, XII. 201.
Epsomite, mineral, viiL 496; XVI. 401.
Epsom S.^lts, in pharmacy, Vlll. 496;
XV. 218; XVI. 401.
Epte, river, France, J^vu. jjg
Equation, Equations, Algebraic, viii.
497; I- 515. 538; XV. 63o;iit curves,
VI. 717; functional, ix. 823.
OF Time, ii. 772; xxiii. 392.
Equations of Motion, in tides, xxiii
358-
Equ.\tor, X. 198.
Equatorial Current, in Atlantic,
III. 19.
Equ.^torial Dial, vii. 157.
Equatorial Telescopes, ii. 768 ;
XXIII. 146.
Equid^, family of ungulate mamniEils,
XV. 429.
Equilibrium, in mechanics, xv. 722;
747; of rotating fluid mass, Laplace's
investigations of, XIV. 303; of tides.
XXIII. 3:7, 363.
Equinia, disease, X. 634.
Equinox, mountain, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 792.
Equinoxes, Precession of the, II. 794;
X. 216; its discovery, II. 749.
Equisetin.e, class of plants, IX. 106;
xxiv. 129.
Equisetum, genus of plants, Xli. 207.
Equit.\ble Society, insurance com-
pany, XIII. 180.
Equites, Roman order, VIII. 509.
Equity, in law, viii. 510; xiv. 365.
, Court of, in England, v. 389.
Equivocation, Liguorian doctrine of,
XIV. 638.
Era, Eras, Chronological, IV. 68 1; V.
711.
Eranoi, Greek guilds, XI. 260.
Erard, Si5Kastien, French musical in-
strument-maker, VIII. 512; XIX. 74.
Erasistratus, Alexandrian physician,
XV. 801; on anatomy, I. 801 ; on brain
and mind, XVIII. 842.
Erasmus, Desiderius, Dutch scholar,
VIII. 512; on education, vii. 672; hi»
influence on Biblical interpretation,
XI. 747; his Latin style, XI v. 342; his
connexion with Thomas More, xvi.
816; his relation to the Reformation,
XX. 325; to the Renaissance, XX. 388;
as satirist, XXI. 319.
Er asti ANISM, Erastus's theory of church
goveinment, VIII. 518.
Erastus, Thomas, Swiss theologian,
VIII. 5 1 8.
Erato, Muse of erotic poetry, XVii. 74.
Eratosthenes, Greek astronomer and
geographer, VIII. 519; IL 748; as
chronologistj'jv. 710; on geography,
I. 499; X. 176; XX. 92; Strabo on,
XXII. 582.
, tyrant of .nthens, Lysias's speech
against, XV. 118.
ErbaCH, town, Germany, Vlil. 519.
Erben, Karel, Bohemian p<fct, X.XII.
152.
Erbil (Arbela), town, Asiatic Turkey,
IL 311
Erbium, chemical element, V. 543;
E R C — E R Y
1511
XIV. 292; spectrum of its salts, XXII.
376.
Erceldoune, Thomas of, early Scottish
poet, XXIII. 308.
Ercilla V ZUNIGA, Alonso de,
Spanish poet.vill. 519; XXII. 357.
Erdelyi, Janos, Hungarian poet, vill.
519; XII. 378.
Erdeven, France, Alignments of, XXI.
Erdjish-Dagh, or Erjish-Dagh, moun-
tain, Asia Minor, II. 705; v. 75 ;
xxiii. 654.
Erdmann, otto Linn(5, German chemist,
VIII. 520.
Erebus, in Greet mythology, vill. 520.
AND Terror, Expedition of, ix.
720.
Erech, Necropolis of. Babylonia, in.
189.
ERECHTHEUM, or Erechtheium, temple,
Athens, III. 6; II. 357, 412; building
of, XVIII. 529.
Erechtheus, in Greek legend, VIII.
520.
Erekli, town, Turkey in Asia, XI.
681.
Eremacausis, chemical process, IX.
98.
Eremites of St- Francis, order of
monks, IX. 695.
Eremites of St Jerome, order of
monks, XI. 309; XVI. 711, 716.
Eresus, toivTi, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
Erethizon, genus of rodent mammals,
XIX. 518.
Eretria, town, Euboea, Greece, vni.
649.
Erewash, river, England, xvii. J98.
Erft, river, Germany, XX. 519.
Erfurt, town, Prussia, viii. 520;
electoral academy at, I. 72; university
of, xxiii. 840.
Erg, plateaus, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
, unit of energy or work, viii. 206;
XV. 668.
Ergane, epithet of Athena, Greek god-
dess, II. 830.
Erghik-Shan, mountains, Siberia,
XXIII. 437.
Ergir Castri, town, Albania, 11. 50!.
Ergot, drug, vni. 521.
Ergotism, disease, viii. 521 ; xviii.
407.
Eric, or E;-ik, Menved, king of Den-
mark, his -contest with the Eanse
tovnis, XI. 450.
, the Victory-Blest, Swedish king,
XXII. 744.
IX., Edwardson, Swedish king,
XXII. 745.
XI., the Halt, Swedish king, XX.
745-
XIII., of Pomerania, king of
Sweden, xxil. 746.
— XIV., of Sweden, xxil. 747.
Eric, or Heiricus, scholastic philosopher,
xx-i. 420.
Erica, genus of plants, xi. 5S9; Xll.
263.
Ericht, Loch, Scotland, XI v. 217;
XVIII. 666.
Erichthonius, or Erechtheus, in Greek
legend, VIII. 520.
Ericsson, John, inventor of an air-
engine, I. 428; his air-engine, XXII.
523; his torpedo, XXIII. 451.
Eridanus (Po), river, Italy, XIX. 251.
Erie, Lake, North America, XI v. 217;
XVII. 451; XXI. 179, 1S2.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., VIII.
522.
6rieux, river, France, XX. 528.
Erigena, Johannes Scotus, medieval
philosopher, VIII. 522, 371; on evolu-
tion, VIII. 758; on the nature of God,
XXIII. 241 ; mystical teaching of, XVII.
131; scholastic system of, XXI. 419.
Erigon (Czerna), river, Macedonia,
XV. 136.
Erigone, in Greek mythology, VIII.
524.
Erik, Blood-Axe, ting of Norway, XVil.
585. See also Eric.
, king of Norway, XVII. 5S8.
Erimon, of Irish legend, Xli:. 244.
ERiNACEiDiE, family of Insectivora, XV.
402.
Erinaceus, genus of insectivorous
mammals, XI. 610.
Erinite, mineral, XVI. 406.
Erinna, Greek poetess, VIII. 524.
Erihves, or Erinnyes, in Greek my-
thology, VIII. 524; IX. 840; XVII. 827;
temple of, at Athens,^ II. 4S2.
EriODES, genus of apes, II. 153.
Eriphyle, -in Greek mythology, VIII.
524.
Eris, in Greek mythology, vin. 524.
Erithacus, genus of birds, XX. 315.
Erithrosiderite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Erivan, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
VIII. 524; xxiii. 515; government,
xxiii. 513
Erjish-Dagh, mountain, Asia Minor,
II. 705; V. 75; xxiii. 654.
Erlangen, to\vn, Bavaria, vm. 525;
university of, XXIII. 848.
Erlau, town, Hungary, VIII. 525.
Erlendsson, Haukr, Icelandic writer,
XXI. 368.
Erling Shakke, Norwegian chief,
XVII. 5SS.
Erl-King, or Erlkdnig, mythi<»l char-
acter, VIII. 525.
Erman, Paul, German physicist, VIII.
526.
ErmanariC, king of the Goths, X. 848.
Erment, or Arment, village, Egypt, Vll.
782.
Ermine, carnivorous mammal, viii.
526; XV. 440; fur of, VIII. 526; IX.
838.
Ermine, in heraldry, xi. 692.
Street, Roman road, Lincoln-,
shire, England, Xiv. 656.
Erne, loughs, Ireland, V. 263; IX. 90;
XIII. 216; river, V. 263.
, sea-eagle, VII. 589.
Ernest, count of Mansfeld, German
general, XV. 498.
Ernesti, Johann August, German
philologist and theologian, VIII. 526.
, Johann Cliristian Gottlieb, German
scholar, VIII. 527.
Ernest Maltravers, Lytton's novel,
XV. 122.
Ernst, Heinrich'' 'Wilhelm, German
composer and violinist, VIII. 527.
Erophile, Greek drama, XI. 150.
Eros, Greek god (the Roman Cupid),
VIII. 527; VI. 708; statue of,at Thespiaa,
XXIII. 297.
Erotic Romances, Greek and Roman,.
XX. 635.
Erotocritos, Greek epic poem, XL^
150.
Erpe, Thomas von, or Erpenius, Dutch.
Orientalist, vm. 527.
Errard, Jean, French military engine«,
IX. 441.
Erriboll, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 726.
Erromango, island. New Hebrides,
XVII. 395 ; scene of WUliams's murder,
KXIV. 586.
Errors, Theory of, in probability, xix.
780.
Ersch, Johann Samuel, German biblio-
grapher, VIII. 528.
AND GrUBER'S ALLGEMEINE
ENCYKLOPADIE, VIII. 204; XI. 224.
Erse, or Irish, language, v. 298.
Erskine, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, vm. 529.
, Eber.czer, founder of Secession
Church, Scotland, vm. 528; XXIII.
728.
, John, earl of Mar, XV. 525.
, John (d. 1768), of Carnock, Scot-
tish law writer, vm. 528.
, John (d. 1 803), minister of Church
of Scotland, vm. 529.
, Ralph, Scottish divine, vm. 529;
hymns by, XII. 593.
, Thomas, of Linlathen, Scottish
theological ■smter, VIII. 530.
Er-Toghrul, early Turkish chief,
XXIII. 640.
Erubescite, mineral, VI. 347.
Eruli, ancient German tribe, XI. 774.
Erycid/E, family of snakes, xxil.
193-
Erycina, epithet of Venus, vm. 533;
XVI. 782.
Ervmanthus, river, Greece, xvii. 765.
Erysipelas, disease, vm. 531; xviii.
398 ; resulting from vaccination, XXIV.
26.
ERYSlPHEiE, group of Fungi, IX. S335
XVI. 294.
152.
E R Y — E S T
Erysiphe TtJCKERl, parasitic imigua,
XVII!. 267.
Erythema, skin disease, xxii. 122.
ER'iTHR/E, ancient Greek tovra, Asia
Minor, VIII. 532; coins of, XVII. 647.
ERYTHRiEAN Sea, Periplus of the. XX.
94.
Erythrite, mineral, XVI. 404.
Erythroz\"NE, vegetable ferment, IX.
95.
Eryx (Monte San Giuliano), ancient
town and mountain, Sicily, vyi. 532;
XVI. 782.
Erzeroum, tovra, Turkish Armenia,
VIII. 532; XVllI. 617; province, xxiii.
653.
Erzgebirge, mountains, Germany, viii.
533; XXI. 357.
Erzkasten, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, XX i v. 700.
Erzrum (Erzeroum), town, Turkish
Armenia, VIII. 532; XVIII. 617.
£rzva (Aorsi, q.v.), race of peopie.
Eu^ia, XVI. 813.
p;SARHADDON, AssjTian o.mg, VIII. 533;
III. 187; VII. 742; palace of, at Nineveh,
xviL 512.
Esau, of Scripture, viii. 533.
Escaldas, spa, France, XX. 128.
ESCAPEIIENT, of clocks, VI. 17; of
watches, xxiv. 396.
EscAUT (Scheldt), river, France, XXl.
589-
Eschatology, doctrine of last things,
VIII. 534; XVI. 315; in St Paul's
teaching, xviii. 426; PoljTiesian, XIX.
426; .Zoroastrian, xxiv. 823.
Escheat, in law, viii. 53S; xili. 77.
EscHENBURG, Johann Joachim, German
■ftTiter, VIII. 538.
Eschenm.\yer, Karl von, German
philosopher and physicist, VIII. 539.
EsCHSCHOLTZ, Johann Friedrich, Ger-
man naturalist, VIII. 539.
Eschwege, to^vn, Germany, VIII. 539.
Eschweiler, town, Prussia, VIII. 539.
Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio,
Spanish casuist, viii. 539.
Escorial, palace, Spain, viii. 539;
XVIII. 746; librarj- of, Xiv. 532.
EscORPION, Mexican lizard, XIV. 735.
Escovedo, Juan de, secretary to Philip
II. of Spain, xviii. 525.
Escuage, or Scutage, in law, XXI. 572.
Escorial (Escorial, q.v.), palace, Spain,
VIII. 539.
Escutcheon, in architecture, 11. 464.
, in heraldry, XI. 686, 692, 711.
Esdraelon, Plain of, Palestine, XVIII.
171.
Esdras, Apocalypse of, II. 179.
, Books of, in Apocrypha, vill. 541,
831; II. 181.
-: , Fourth Book of, apocalyptic work,
II. 175.
Eseger See, lake, Transylvania, XXIII.
522.
ESELSFLETH (Itzehoe), ancient town,
Holstein, XIII. 518.
ESHER, town, England, VIII. 543.
ESHMUNAZAR I.-II., kings of Sidon,
XVIII. S99.
ESHREF, or Ashraf. town, Persia, viil.
543; XV. 651.
ESK, rivers, Scotland, vil. 526, 656; IX.
410.
EsKi-DjUM.^, town, Bulgaria, viii. 543.
ESKi Kara - HISSAR, to^v-u, Asiatic
Turkey, Xiv. 2.
EsKiLSTUNA, town, Sweden, viii. 543.
ESKILUP (Iskelih), town, Asiatic Turkey,
Xlll. 387.
Eskimo, race of people, viii. 543; i.
690; XIX. 329; their origin, v. 268;
their relations to American Indians,
XII. 8?2; their religions. XX, 364; of
Labrador, XIV. 176.
Eski-Sagra, town, European Turkey,
VIII. 547.
Eski-Shehr, town, Asiatic Turkey,
vili. 547.
Eski-Zagr.\, or Eski-Sagra, depart-
ment, Roumelia, xxi. 22; town, viil
547.
Eskuara, or Basque language, IIL 424;
XVIII. 7S0.
ESMARKITE, mineral, xvi. 4,.
Esmeralda, settlement on Orinoco
river. South America, xvii. 84^
ESMERALDAS, liver, Ecuador, vii. 646.
Esmond, Thackeray's novel, XXIII. 216.
EsNEH, or Isne, town. Upper Egypt,
VIII. 547;' VII. 782.
Esoteric Discourses, of Aristotle, 11.
514.
Esox, genus of fishes, xix. 88.
Espartero, Baldomero, SpanisiTegent,
XXII. 346.
ESP.^RTO, grass fibre, VIII. 547; used in
paper-making, XVIII. 225.
ESPlNEL, Vicente, Spanish poet, vill.
548; xxn. 358.
ESPINHACO, Sierra do, Brazil, IV. 222.
EspiRiTU Santo, town, Brazil, xxiv.
219.
Espiritu Santo, island, New Hebrides,
XVII. 395.
ESPLANDI.\N, romance, XX. 655.
ESPREMESNIL, Jean Jacques Duval d',
French politician, vill. 548.
Esprit des Lois, Montesquieu's work,
IX. 667; XVI. 784.
EsPRONCEDA, Jos^ de, Spanish poet and
politician, viii. 548; xxii. 361.
Esquimault, town, Vancouver Island,
XXIV. 57.
Esquimaux, or Eskimo (g.v.), race of
people, VIII. 543; I. 690.
Dog, VII. 326.
Esquire, title, viii. 549; xix. ,.
ESQUIROL, Jean Etienne Dominique,
French physician, viii. 549.
ESQUIROS, Henri AJphonse, FVench
writer, viii. 549.
Ess, Johann Heinrich van- German
theologian, vili. 549.
EssAis de Theodic^e Leibnitz's work,
XIV. 420.
Essar-Haddon, or Esarhaddon, Une
of Assyria, VIIL 533; lu. 187; VIL
742; his palaqe, xvii. 512.
Ess.wonthe Hum.'^n Understand-
ing, Locke's, XIV. 756, 757.
Essay on Man, Pope's, xix. 486.
ESSEK, tovm, Hungary, VIII. 549^
Essen, town, Prussia, Vlii. 550; XX.
21.
EssENES, Jewish sect, viiL 550; XTL
698.
Essential Oils, with list, xvn. 749.
EssEQUiBO, river, Guiana, xi. 250.
Esseveldoburg (Itzehoe), ancient
to\\-n, Holstein, xili. 518.
Essex, coimty, England, viit 552;
population and representation, XXilJ.
727.
, Thomas Cromwell (j.c.), earl o^ VI.
604.
, Walter DeVereux, first earl of
(Devcreux line), VIIL 555.
, Ro'oert Devcreux, second earl of,
VIII. 555; his friendship for Bacon,
III. 202; relations with Ealeigh, xx.
263.
, Robert Devereux, third earl of,
VIII. 556.
Es-SiouT, or Asioot, town. Egypt, vu.
775; xxiL 103.
EssLiNG, Austria, Battle of (1809), ix.
616; XVII. 214.
, Prince of (Mass^na, j.f.), Frcsoch
marshal, xv. 617.
EssLINGEN, town, 'Wurtcmberg, viii.
557; population, xxiv. 701.
r.ssONE, affluent of Seine, France, xxi.
624,
Essonite, precious stone, x. 82: xin
532-
EssONNE, town, France, xxi. 625.
Es-SOUAN, or Aswan, town, Egypt, vii.
783-
EsTAlNp, Comte d'. '^reuch xjmiwl,
vin. 557.
ESTAMPES, or £tampea, town. Fiance,
VIII. 565; XXL 625. ■
Estate, in English law, VUL 557;
personal, XViil. 664; real, XX. 304;
escheat of, Vlll. 53S.
Est.ites of the Realm, viil 557;
XVIII. 306.
ESTAVAYER, to^vIl. NeuchStel, Switicr-
land, XVII. 361.
ESTE, town, Italy, viii. 558.
, Italian princely family, Vin. 558.
, Leonora d', friend of Tasso, xxiu.
76.
ESTELLA, town, Spain, viii. 559.
ESTEPA, to\vn, Spain, viil 559.
ESTEPONA, town, Spain, VIII. 559.
ESXEREL MOUNTAINS, France, XXIV.
68.
E S T— E U B
153
ESTERHAZV, or EnzterhnzY, Hungarian
family, Vin. 564.
, Prince Paul, his patronage of
Haydn, XI. 539.
ESTFENDYS (Aspendus), town, Pam-
phylia, 11. 715.
Esther, of Scripture, vin. 560; parallel
of her story in Arabian Nights, xxill.
316.
, Racine's drama, XX. 208.
, Book of, in Scripture, viii. 560;
III. 639; additions to, in Apocry^jha,
11. 181.
ESTHONIA, province, Russia, viii. 561;
XXI. 69.
EsTHONiAN Language, Dictionaries of,
vii. 188.
ESTHDNIANS, people, Civonia, Russia,
VIII. 562: XIV. 724.
ESTIENNE, or Stephens, family of French
printers, XXII. 534.
ESTLIN, Dr, of Bristol, propagator of
vaccination, XXIV. 24.
ESTOC, weapon of war, XXH. 802.
ESTOPPEi, in law, vill. 563.
Estovers, Common of, legal right, vi.
209.
Estrada, La, to\TO, Spam, xix. 455.
Estrella, mountains, Portugal, XIX.
536.
Estremadura, province, Portugal, viii.
563; XIX. 537.
• , old province, Spain, vill. 563;
xxn. 298.
ESTREMOZ, town, Portugal, Vlll. 564.
Estrepement, Writ of, xxiv. 393.
Estuary, of river, xx. 576; xxi. 579.
ESZ2K, or Escek, to^vn, Hungary, vill.
549-
Eszterhazy, Hungarian family, vni.
564.
Etah, district and town, India, viil.
,565-
Etampes, or Estampes, town, France,
VIII. 565; XXI. 625.
Etaples, Lef^vre d' (Faber Stapi'.-
lensis), French Eeformer,vill. 835; xx.
334-
Etawah, district and town, India, vill.
565.
Etching, viii. 443; Meryon as etcher,
XVI. 45; Rembrandt as, xx. 377.
Etchmiadzin, to^vn and monastery,
Transcaucasia, Russia, Vlll. 566 ;
xxiil. 515.
Eten, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Eteocles, mythical king of Thebes,
VIII. 567; XI. 26.
Ethane, a ga-seous paraffin, v. 557 ;
XVIII. 23S.
Ethbaal, or Ithobal, king of Tyre,
XVIII. 807.
Etheldald, Anglo-Saxon prince, viii.
568.
, king of Mercia, xvii. 57a
Ethelberga, wife of Edwin of Deira,
England, xvil. 569.
Ethelhert, king of Kent, Euslsnd,
VIII. 27S, 567.
Ethelfrith, king of Northumberland,
VIII. 271, 27S; XVII. 569.
Ethelnoth, or Agelnoth, archbishop
of Cantetbury, I. 279.
Ethelred, early English king, vni.
2S6, 567.
, two kings of Northumbria, xvil.
570.
Ethelredus, or Ailred, English
ecclesiastic and historian, I. 425.
Ethelwald, Northumbrian king, xvil.
57a
Ethelwulf, Saxon king of England,
VIII. 568.
Ether, in chemistry, viii. 568 ;
ocnanthic, XVII. 731 ; sulphuric, as
anaesthetic, I. 789; Liebig'e investiga-
tions on, XIV. 566.
, in interstellar space, VIII. 568.
Ethereal Salts, v. 572.
Etheredge, Sir George, English.
dramatist, Vlll. 572; xxiv. 56.
, John Wesley, Biblical writer, viii.
573-
Ethers, Haloid, V. 564.
Ethical Religions, xx. 368.
Ethics, viii. 574 (table of content:,
611); XVIII. 796; in relation to evolu-
tion, VIII. 766; Aristotle's, II. 517;
Butler's sermons on, IV. 586; Cud-
worth's, VI. 691; Descartes's system, v.
148 ; Hutcheson's theory, Xll. 409;
Kant on, XIII. 853 ; Malebranche's
system, V. 151; llanichEan, XV. 484;
of Neoplatonism, XVII. 336 ; Price's
theories, XIX. 722; Pythagorean, XX.
139; Schleiermacher's, xxi. 412; Scho-
penhauer's, XXI. 454; Shaftesbury's,
XXI. 733; Adam Smith's, xxil. 171;
Socratic, XXII. 237; Spinoza's system,
V. 157; XXII. 402; Stoic doctrine of,
XXII. 566 ; theological, XXIII. 270,
275; Tucker's contributions to, XXlil.
603 ; "Whewell's, xxiv. 539 ; Wol-
laston's theory, xxiv.633; Xenocrates's
system, XXIV. 719.
Ethiopia, viii. 611; Arabian settle-
ments in, XXIV. 739; conquest of, by
Egypt, VII. 736; relations of, with
Egj-pt, I. 65; language, XVIII. 778;
XXI. 654; dictionaries of language,
VII. 192.
Ethiopian Region, in, zoology, vii.
270.
Ethiopians, in Arabia, i. 65.
Ethiopic Race, i. 263.
Ethnograpky and Ethnology, vm.
613 (index, 626); of Africa, XVII. 316,
61 1 ; XXIV. 828; of American Indians,
XII.822; of Europe, viu. 697; of India,
XH. 745, 777; of Polynesia, XIX. 422;
of Russia, XXL 78; Ural-Altaic, XXIV.
i; XVI. 740, 749; XXIII. 608, 658.
Ethnolog y, V 1 1 1. 6 1 3 ; Prichard's contri-
butions to, XIX.723. See Ethnography.
Ethology (Folk-Lore), Compai'atiw,
IX. 358.
^TIENNE, Cliarleis, French anatomist, I.
807.
, or Estienne, family of French
printers, XXII. 534.
Etiolin, yeUow-colouring matter, in
plants, XIX. 52.
Etna, volcano, Sicily, vili. 627; oiwcr-
vatory on, XVli. 714.
^TOILES, Madame le Normant d'
(Madame de Pompadour), IX. 586 ;
XIX. 443.
Eton, town and college, England, viii.
632.
Etruria, Italy, viii. 633; xx. 731, 734,
739) 742; XXIII. 671; coins of, xvii.
637; glass-making, X. 648; language,
XVIII. 780; XX. 661; pottery, XIX.
614; iniluence from, on Roman
worship, XIII. 780; terra-cotta art,
XXIII. 193.
, England, Wedgwood's potteries at,
XXIV. 476.
Etruscan Alphabet, i. 610.
Etruscan Architecture, n. 414.
Etruscan Art, viii. 639; xvn. 40.
EtruscanLanguage, viii. 636; xvin.
780; XX. 661; XXIV. 3.
Etruscans, ancient Italian race, vilL
636; XIII. 446; XX. 669; their con-
tests with Unibrians, XXIII. 723; their
relations with ancient Rome, XX.
731. 734. 739> 742; astrology of, u.
739-
Etruscan Tombs, Remains of, vl
423.
Etruscan Vases, ii. 353; xix. 614.
Ettersburg, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
Ettingshausen, a. von, his researches
m magnetism, XV. 268.
Ettlingen, toAvn, Germany, vili. 645.
Ettmuller, Ernst Moriz Ludwig,
German philologist, vill. 645.
, Michael, German physician, VIII.
646.
Ettrick, river, Scotland, xxi. 638 :
XXIII. 673.
Shepherd (James Hogg), Soottiih
poet, XII. 50.
Etty, William, English painter, vm
646.
Etymologies. Isidore of SeviUs's work,
XIII. 386.
Etymology, xl 37 ; xviii. 768; of
Aryan languages, XVIII. 789.
Etzel (Attila), leader of the Huns, ni.
61; XII. 38 1 ; XX. 781.
— , hero of the Nibelungenlied, xvii.
475-
Eu, town, France, vm. 647 j xni.
538; XXL 626; river, xvii. 538.
Eubcea, island, Greece, VIIL 647; coinf
of, XVII. 644.
Eubonia, ancient name of Isle of Uaii,
XV. 453.
154
E U B — E U R
EUBULIDES, Greek philosopher, Vlll.
649.
Eucalyptus, genus of trees, viii. 649;
XIII. 593; in Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216; in Western Australia, XXIV. 508.
Kino, drug, xiv. 91.
EUCERUS (Demeirius III.), king of
Syria, VII. 58.
EuCHARis, stove plant, XII. 266.
Eucharist, or Lord's Supper, viii.
650; XXI. 13J, 139; XXIV. 20S; institu-
tion of, XIII. 66S; controversy of Ke-
formers on, XX. 332 ; decrees respect-
ing, at council of Trent, XXIII. 546,
550; Berengar's theory, III. 5S6; Cal-
vin's views, IV. 719; Luther s \*ie\v3,
XV. 81; Occam's theory, xvii. 718;
Quaker doctrine, XX. 150; ZwingU's
views, XXIV. 833.
EUCHER, St^ bishop of Lyons, XXI.
238.
EUCHITES, ■ sect, Greek Church, XI.
7S2; XVI. 701.
EUCHOLOGIUM, of the Oriental Church,
XX. 630.
Euchre, card game, viii. 654.
EUCHROITE, mineral, XVI. 406
EUCLASE, mineral, xvi. 40 j.
EUCLERIA, Schiirman's exposition of
Labadism, xiv. 163.
Euclid, Greek mathematician, viii.
655; on axioms, III. 159; on the
geometry of the sphere, II. 748; on
mathematical analysis and synthesis,
I. 793; anticipated by Pythagoras, xx.
- 141; his Elements, x. 376.
of Megara, Greek philosopher, VIII.
658.
Eucud's Elements, geometrical work,
X. 376.
EUCRASITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
EUCRATIDES. ruler of Eactria, XVin.
590.
EUCTEMON, Greek astronomer, II. 747.
EUCVRTIDIUM, genus of Protozoa, XIX.
850.
EuDEMUS, Greek astronomer, on the
obliquity of the ecliptic, II. 747.
of Rhodes, Peripatetic philosopher,
XVlii. 545.
EUDES, early French king, IX. 535.
, Eudon, or Odo, duke of Aquitania,
u. 233; IX. 531.
EUDIALITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
Eudiometer, for analysis of gases,
Saussure's invention of, XXI. 324.
Eudnophite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II., VIII.
659.
Augusta, wife of Constantine XI.,
VIII. 659; XX. 730.
EUDOXIA, wife of Arcadius, her persecu-
tion of Chr>'sostom, V. 756.
EUDOXUS of Cnidus, Greek philosopher,
VIII. 659; IL 747.
of CyzicQs, Greek navigator, viii.
659.
EUDYPTES, genua of birds, xviii. 492.
EUD'iTES, genus of birds, XV. 2.
EUEMERISM, theory of mythology, Vlll.
735; XVII. 136.
EUERGETES, Ptolemy III., king of
Egypt, VII. 745.
, Demetrius III., king of Syria, VII.
58-
EUGANEANS, ancient Italian tribe, XIII.
447-
Eugene, Fran9ois, prince of Savoy,
Austrian general, viii. 659; IX. 581;
XXIII. 646; in war of succession. III.
126.
Aram, Hood's poem of, XII. 145.
Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III., IX.
623; XVII. 22S.
EUGENIUS I., pope, VIII. 662.
II., pope, VIIL 662; XX. 787.
III., ]x)pe, VIII. 662; x>i 792.
IV., pope, vin. 663; XIX. 152, 502;
XX. 323, 805.
, emperor of the West, XX. 779 ;
XXIV. 37.
EuGENOL, constituent of oil of cloves,
XXIV. 66.
EUGLENOIDEA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
857.
EUGUBINE Tables, with Umbrian in-
scriptions, VIII. 663.
EUGUBIUM (Gubbio), ancient town,
Italy, XI. 243.
EuHEMERUS, or Euemerus, Greek
mythographer, Vlil. 735; his theory,
XVII. 136.
EUKAIRITE, mineral, XVI. 392.
EUKOLITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
EULALIA, St, Song of, early French
poem, IX. 637.
EULENSPIEGEL, German chapbook, viii.
664; X. 527.
EULER, Leonard, Swiss mathematician,
VIII. 665; his contributions to algebra,
L515; to trigonometry, XXin. 562; on
theory of the balloon, I. 204 ; on plane-
tary perturbations, II. 760; on tele-
scopic lenses, XXIII. 13S.
EULVTINE, mineral, xvi. 411.
EUMATHIUS, Greek romancist, XX.
636.
EUMENES I., II., kings of Fergamum,
XVIII. 527.
, general of Alexander of Macedon,
VIII. 666; I. 4S5; xvin. 5S6.
EUMENID.E, family of insccta, XXIV.
392.
EUMENIDES, or Erinyes (,q.v.), the
Furies, in mythology, VIIL 524.
, of jEschylus, I. 209.
EUMEROGENESis, in growth of com-
posite organisms, XII. 554.
EUMOLPI A (Philippopolis), ancient town,
Turkey in Europe, xviii. 753.
EUN.\PIUS, Greek sophist and historian,
VIII. 666.
EUNETTA, genus of birds, XXIII. 105.
EUNOMIUS, Arian heretic, viii. 667.
EuNUCH, Vlll. 667; voice of, XXIV. 275;
in harems, xi. 478.
EUNUCHUS, Terence's play, XXIII. 187.
EUPALINUS, Greek engineer, II. 219.
EuPATOR, Antiochus V.. king of Syria,
xvin. 590.
, Jlithradates VI. (,g.v.\ king at
Pontus, XVI. 530.
EUPATORIA, town. Kussia, VIIL 667; n.
587; XXIII. 83.
EUPATRIDS, noble families of Ath^ena,
XXII. 254.
EUPEN, town, Rhenish Prussia, VHl.
668.
EUPHEMI.\, St, of Chalcedon, XXL 2^
EUPHEMIUS, ruler of Syracuse, XXIL 23
Euphony, of speech, xviil. 773.
EUPHORBIUM, resin, viii. 668.
EUPHORION, Greek poet and grajn-
marian, viii. 668.
EuPHRANOR, Greek painterandsciilptai,
VIII. 668; II. 361.
Euphrates, river, Syria, viil 668; i.
135; XVL47.
- — , Turtle of the, XXIII. 459.
EUPHROSYNUS Ulpius, his globe of
1542, X. 682.
EUPHUES. Lyly's work, xv. 104; xx.
660.
Euphuism, in English literature, viii.
421.
Euphyllite, mineral, xvi. 413.
EUPION, paraffin hydrocarbon, vin. 67a;
XVIIL 237.
EUPLERES, subfamily of camivorou»
mammals, xv. 437.
EUPOLIS, Greek poet and dramatist, vni.
672.
EUPOLYZOA, class of Polyzoa, xix. 436.
EUPOMPUS, Greek ijainter, Vill. 672.
EUPTILOTIS, genus of birds, XXIII. 584.
EURE, department, France, Vill. 672.
, river, France, XVIIL i ; XXI. 624.
EURE-ET-LOIR, department, France,
VIIL 673.
Eureka, town, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
368.
Mines, Nevada, U.S.A., xxiH.
815.
EURELIUS (Gunno Dahlstjerna), Swedish
poet, vi. 764; XXIL 755.
Eurialus and Lucretia, Pius II.'s
work, XIX. 153.
EURIC, chief of the West Goths XXII.
30S.
Euripides, Greek dramatist, viii. 673;
VII. 405; XI. 140.
EUROKYLON, wind, Mediterranean Sea,
XV. 340.
EUROPA, in Greek mythology, viii. 6S0
Europe, viil 6S0 (index, 720); pre-
historic geograjiliy of, v. 26S; invasion
of, by Turks (1453), XXIII. 642; Re-
naissance fn, XX. 381; armies of, 11.
568; birds, XVIII. 17; coalfields, VI.
5J; marine fishes, XII. 678; flora, VIL
2S9; forests, IX. 39S ; gold, X. 743;
E U R — E W A
155
early military institutions, li. 563;
rainfall, xvi. 152.
EUROPEAN'S, in the tropics, I. 90.
European Turkey, xxiii. 653.
EUROTAS, river, Greece, xiv. 193.
EURYBIADES, Spartan general, XXIII.
250
EURYMEtiON, Athenian general, VllL
721.
, river, Asia Minor, II. 708; Xix.
130.
EURVPTERIDA, order of Crustacea, vi.
66?
EURYPYGA, genus of birds, XXII. 652.
EURYSTOMATA, group of Actinozoa, 1.
132.
EURYSTOMUS, genus of birds, XX. 627.
EUSE, Jacques d' (Pope John. XX.II.),
XIII. 712.
EusEBlus of Csesarea, ecclesiastical
historian, viii. 721; v. 764; cauou of,
V. 9; early Christian legends preserved
by, XHI. 658; on Origen, xvii. 840.
— of Euicsa, ecclesiastic, Greek Church,
VIII. 722.
of Nicomeclia, defender of Arius,
VIII. 723.
Pahphili, friend and pupil of
Pamphilus, XVIII. 204.
EUSPONGIA, Turkey sponge, xxil. 423,
42S.
EUSTACHIO, Bartolonieo, or Bartho-
lomeus Eustachius, Italian anatomist
and physician, I. SoS; xxiv. 96.
EUSTATHIUS, St, bishop of Beroea, vili.
723-
, archbishop of Myra, Byzantine
scholar, xi. 146.
, archbishop of Thessalouica, Vlll.
723-
, Greek rcmancist, XX. 636.
EUSTYLE, in architecture, II. 464.
Euterpe, Muse of lyric poetry, xvii.
74-
EUTHERiA, subclass of Mammalia, XV.
372, 383-
EUTHYCRATES, sculptor of ■ Sicyon, II.
365-
EUTHYDEMIA, Gra;co-IuJian capital,
XVIII. 599.
EUTHYDLMUS, king of Eactria, xviii.
589.
, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 205.
EuTHVMius, oT Euphemius, ruler of
Syracuse, XXII. 23.
EUTHYNEURA, branch of MoUusca, xvi.
655.
EUTHYPHRO, dialogue of Plato, Xix.
197-
EUTIN, town, Germany, xvii. 757.
£uTRACHEATA, gixiup of Myriapoda,
xvii. 116, 117.
EUTROPius, St, bishop of Salutes, xxi.
167.
, Roman historian, viii. 723; Paul
the Deacon's continuation of hia iiis-
t9fy, XVIII. 436. f
EUTYCHES, founder of Eutychian sect,
Viir. 724; Eutychianism, XVII. 356.
EuxENiTE, or Euxinite, mineral, xiv.
292; XVI. 427.
EuxiNE, or Black Sea, III. 795.
EUXITHEUS, Greek ai'^ist, XIX. 612.
EUYUK, village and ruins, Turkey in
Asia, VIII. 724.
EvAGORAS, king of Salamis, Vlii. 724;
xviu. 578.
EvAGRius, ecclesiastical historian, vill.
725.
EVANDER, in Roman legend, VIII. 725.
Evanescent Quantity, in mathe-
matics, XIII. 14.
Evangelical Alliance, viii. 725.
Evangelical Association, Ameri-
can, viii. 725; XVI. 192.
Evangelical Union, Scottish reli-
gious denomination, VIII. 725.
Evangelical Union, of Gustavus
Adolphus, XI. 335.
Evangeline, Longfellow's poem, xiv.
861.
Evans, Sir De Lacy, British general,
viii. 726.
, Edmund, English wood engraver,
VIII. 439.
, F. W., Shaker elder, XXI. 737.
, Oliver, American mechanician,
VIII. 726; improver of the steam-
engine, XXII. 476.
Evansite, mineral, XVI. 405.
EvANSON, Edward, theological writer,
VIIL 726.
Evanston, tQii-n, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 713.
EVANSVILLE, town, Indiana, U.SA.,
VIII. 727.
Evaporation, viii. 727; vi. 311; of
liquids, VII. 217; in steam-engine,
XXII. 487; in relation to water-supply,
XXIV. 402; effects of, on Mediterranean
Sea, XV. S20.
Evaporometer, Saussure's use of
thermometer as, XXI. 324.
Eve, of Scripture, viii. 733; I. 137;
Manichaian viev/s of, XV. 4S3.
EVECTION, of the moon, II. 750, 799;
XVI. 799.
Evelina, Madame D'Arhlay's novel, vi.
822.
Evelyn, John, English diarist, viii.
734; his £y'lva, its service to arbori-
culture, II. 314.
Evemerus, Greek mythographer, vi."
735; his theory, xvii. 136.
Evening Walk, Wordsworth's poem,
XXIV. 668.
EVENLODE, river, England, xviii.
Events, Principal, Chronclogical table
of, v. 720.
Eve OF St Agnes, Keats'a poem, xiv.
23.
Everdingen, Allart von, Dntch painter,
viii. 735.
Everest, Sir George, British eurveyor
and geographer, VIII. 736 ; his
measurement of arc of meridian, vii.
599-
Everest, Mount, Himalayas, XI. 825;
xvn. 340.
Everett, Alexander Hill, American
writer and diplomatist, VIII. 736.
—, Edward, American politician and
orator, viil. 736; I. 723.
, James, Wesleyan seceder, xvi.
190.
, J. D., his system of shorthand,
XXI. 840.
Everett's Salt, in chemistry, xx. 24.
Everglades, marsh, Florida, U.S.A.,
l-x. 33S.
Evergreen Shrubs and Trees, ii.
319-
Everlasting, plant, xii. 716.
Everts, Johann, Dutch poet, xxi. 618.
.Every-Day Book, Hone's, xiL 135.
Every Man in his Humour, Beu
Jonson's play, XIII. 741.
Evesham, town, England, viii. 73S;
population, xxiv. 666 ; battle of
(1265), XVL 78S; XXIV. 666.
Evian, spa, France, xvi. 433 ; xxi.
332.
Eviction, of tenants, xiv. 275; xx. 403.
Evidence, in law, vin. 738; xxiv. 623;
probability of, xix. 777; obtained by
torture, XXIII. 462.
Evigtokite, mineral, xvl 384.
Evil, its e.xistence, XXIII. 27S ; pre-
valence of, XVIII. 6S5 ; Leibnitz's
theory of, xiv. 423; St Paul's doctrine,
XVIU. 424; Pelagian doctrine, XViii.
472; Stoic theory, XXII. 568; Zoroaa-
trian doctrine, xxiv. 822.
Eye, The, xv. 205.
EVOLI, orEboli, town, Italy, vil. 619.
Evolute, in geometry, XIII. 26.
Evolution, in algebra, i. 528 ; in
arithmetic, II. 532.
, in biology, VIII. 744 (index, 773);
organic, Darwin's doctrine of, xxiv.
76, 801 ; development of the idea,
xxiv. Sig; iu relation to animal dis-
tribution, VII. 2S4 ; bearing of, on
animal mimicry, xvi. 343 ; of birds,
xviii. 32; of man, IL 1 10; of Tunicata,
XXIII. 618; in Brahmin philosophy,
XXIV. 119; in relation to the history
of the fine arts, IX. 212; in relation to
socialism, XXII. 219; Herder on, XI.
729 ; Lamarck's theory, XIV. 232;
Treviranus's theory, xxin. 553 ;
Wolff's researches in, XXIV. 631.
EvoRA, town, Portugal, VIII. 773; xix.
EvREMOND, Sieur de St, French writer,
IX. 663; I. 785; his relations with
Ninon de Lenclos, xiv. 445.
EvREUX, town, France, viil. 773.
EWALD, Heinrich Georg August von,
German theologian, Vlll. 773; on the
Pentateuch, xvill. 506.
156
E W A — F A B
EWALD, Johannes. Danish poet, viiL
775; VII. 91.
Ewe Group, of Negroes, xvit. 319,
Ewes, Breeding and management of, I.
393; milk of, XVI. 303.
EwiNG, Alexander, Scottish bishop, VIIL
776.
Examinations, viil. 777; competitive,
in China, v. 669.
Examiner, London newspaper, ix.
360.
Exanthemata, class of diseases, xviii.
404.
Exarch, title, viii. 783; xvni. 410J in
the Greet Church, xi. 154.
EXCAMBION, in Scots law, viii. 783.
ExcaV.\tions, in mining, xvi. 459.
Excellency, title, xxiii. 418.
Exchange, in commerce, vin. 784; of
commodities, VI. 196; money the
medium of, xvi. 720; rates of, xxiv.
52.
, in law, VIII. 783.
—, Royal, London, xiv. 832, 846.
^— , Telephonic, xxill. 133.
Value, in economics, xxiv. 46.
Exchequer, The English, its history,
IX. 174; origin of, vni. 297.
, Barons of the. III. 3S8.
, Chancellor of t'ie, British minister,
v. 389; viH. 797.
, Court of, England, VIII. 796; its
roUs, XX. 312.
Bills, ix. 182; first issue of, ii.
3S6.
Domesday, ancient record, vii.
349-
Excise, form of taxation, viii. 797; ix.
180.
ExriTABlLlTV, of ner^-es, xix. 24, 28.
Excommunication, viii. 79S; xvin.
485; law of, XL 737; Ercjstus on, VIII.
518.
Excretion, Physiological processes of,
XVII. 6S2.
Excretions, Vegetable, xix. 53.
Excursion, The, Wordsworth's poem,
XXIV. 674.
Exe, river, England, XXII. 257.
Executors, in English law, viii.
800.
EXEDR.i, of Herodes Alticus, ancient
Olympia, Greece, xvii. 769.
Exegesis, Biblical, xi. 741.
Exegetical Theology, xxiil 274.
Exelmans, Kemy Joseph Isidoi'e,
French general, viii. Soi.
Exemption, in law, xix. 764.
Exergue, numismatical term, xvii.
630.
Exeter, town, England, vm. 801;
newspapers of, XVII. 422.
Codex, early colkiction of English
poetry, vm. 406.
College, Oxford, xviii. 96.
Exhalation, of plants, iv. 1 19.
Exhibitions, National and Interna-
tional, VIII. 803; origination of that
of 1851 at London, i. 452; vil. 24a
ExiMENiz, Francesch, Catalan writer,
xxiL 364.
Exmouth, town, England, vin. 805.
, Viscount, English admiral, viiL
805; his expeditions against Algiers, L
566.
EXNER, Johann J., Danish painter, VIL
94-
ExoccetUs; genus of fishes, IX. 352.
Exodus, Book of, xviii. 505.
, Ci Hebrews from Egypt, Vll. 74a
Exogamy, rcirriage outside the com-
munity, V. 187; VIII. 619; XXIIL 472.
Exogonium, genus of plants, XI n. 546.
ExoN Domesday, ancient record, vii.
349-
Exorcism, casting out evil spirits, vni.
806; VH. 61; XV. 203.
Exoskeleton, or External Skeleton, I.
820; XXII. 106.
Exosporea, order of Protozoa, XIX.
841.
Exostosis, bone disease, xviii. 371.
, in laburaum, xiv. 179.
Exoteric Discourses, of Aristotle,
H. 514.
Expansion, in algebra, i. 555.
, in steam and heat .engines, XXII.
480, 4S5, 494-
, of solids and liquids by heat.
Table of, XI. 5S2; XVl. 66.
Expectation, or Expectancy, Psycho-
logical analysis of, XX. 63.
, mathematical probability, xix.
775-
Experience, Kant on the philosophy
of, XIII. 850; Locke on, XIV. 758, 759.
Expiation, among the Greeks and
Romans, xv. 69.
, Day of, Jewish, vm. 806.
Expiration, of the breath, in respira-
tion, XX. 477.
Exploitation, in mining, xvi. 451.
Exploits, river, Ne^vfoundland, XVIL
382.
Exploration, geographical, x. 175.
Explosion Waves, xxiv. 418.
Explosives, viii. 806; xvl 445;
dynamite, VII. 5S3; gunpowder, XI.
322; Nobel's, XVII. 521.
Exports, National, Table of, per head,
XVII. 247; taxes on, xxm. 89.
Expression, in physiognomy, v. 19;
anatomy of muscles of, I. 836.
, of ideas and feelings, by voice and
otherwise, xviii. 767; music as me-
dium of, XVII. 77.
, Anatomy of. Sir C. Bell's work, in.
54a
Expurgatorius Index Librorum,
XII. 730.
Extensibility, of materials, xxii.
599-
Extinct Animals, in relation to arch-
aeology, II. 336.
Extradition, in law, vm. 813.
Treaties, ":cni. 532.
Extraordinary Titue, Law r«latii^
to, xxm. 413.
EXTRAVAGANTES, collections of decre-
tals, v. 19.
ExTr.::ME Unction, eacrament Chuiok
of P-ome; VIII. 813.
Exuviation, in Cructseea, vl 653.
Eyas, falconer's hawk, IX. 7, 9.
Eyck, Hubert van, Flemish painter,
vm. 814.
, Jan van, Fle-^ir.h painter, vm.
815; r.XL 43S.
Eye, vm. 816; anatomy of the, i. 8S5:
in relation to light, XIV. 578; peri-
pheral impressions from, XIX. 39; its
normal length of viiion, XVL 258; its
vision affected by the imagination, IL
206; diseases of, XVIL 780; xxm. 53;
in birds, m. 725; in reptileo, xx. 461J
represcntatio:^ of, in ancient art,
XIX.'6l2.
, Tho Evil, XV. 205.
. town, Eng!a=d, XXII. 622.
Eyeball, Anatomy of the, I. 885;
movements of, v:;i. 825.
Eyeglass, in tho microscope, XV1.J58L
Eye-GlaSSES, spectacles, XXIL 372.
Eyelids, Anatomy of the, L 890; di»-
eases of, xvil. 786.
Eyepiece, of telescope, xxiil 139,
143-
Eye-Sight, Preservation of, XXll. 372.
Eylau, Pruccia, Battle of (1807X IX.
616; XVIL 211.
Eymerich, N., his Directory of the In-
quisition, xm. 92.
Eyquem, Pierre, Montaigne's father,
XVI. 767.
Eyre, Edward J., his explorations in ,
Australia, HI. 105; his suppression <^
revolt in Jamaica, XIIT. 551.
Evstein, Norwegian king, XVII. 588.
Eytelwein, Johann A.,his Compendium
of Hydraulics, XII. 437.
E\TON, T. C, on birds, xviii. 32.
Ezeho (Itzelioe), ancient town, HolsteiH,
XIII. 51S.
EZSKiel, Old Testament prophet, vm.
828.
Ezra, or Esdraa, of Scripture, viil 830;
XIIL418; xvm. 512; reformation and
law-book of. III. 635.
, Book of, VIII. S31.
, Book= of, in Apocrypha, vm. 541.
, Prophecy of, apocalyptic book, II.
175-
Ezzelino da Romano, Ghibellin«
chief, VII. 622; vicar of Frederick IL
in Italy, Xlll. 475.
pp the sixth letter of the alphabet,
■'• » VIII. 833.
F^ber, family of peucil-makew in
Nuremberg, xviiL 49a
F A B — F A L
157
r ABER, Basil, Gcnnan schoolmaster and
theologian, viii. 833.
, , Cecilia Bohl von (Fernan Cabal-
lero), Spanish novelist, vill. 833.
, Frederick William, English hymn-
writer, VIII. 834.
, Georgo Stanley, English divine,
VIII. 834.
' , Jacobus, early French Protestant
writer, viii. 835.
, Johann, anti-Protestant wnter,
VIII. 835.
, or Le Fivre, Peter, an original
member of the Company of Jesus,
XIII. 652.
Fabian Gens, Roman clan, viii. 835.
Fabiani, ancient Roman college of
Luperci, xv. 66.
Fabian Tactics, viii. 836.
Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quin-
tus, surnamed Cunctator, Roman gene-
ral, viii. 836; XI. 442; XX. 749.
Fabius Pictor, Quintus, Roman his-
torian, VIII. 836; XIV. 728.
Fable, Fables, viii. 837; ix. 358;
of iEsop, I. 212; of Babrius, HI. iSi;
La Fontaine's, xiv. 204, 206 ; early
French, IX. 640; Sanskrit, XXI. 287.
OF THE Bees, Mandeville's, XV.
472.
Fabliaux, Romantic, XX. 633.
Fabre, Jayme, architect, liis place in
Spanish Gothic, II. 433
d' Eglantine, French dramatist
and Revolutionist, Vlll. 840.
Fabretti, Raphael, Italian antiquary,
VIII. 840.
Fabriano, to«Ti, Italy, viii. 840.
, Gentile Da, Italian painter, viii.
841.
Fabricius, Caius Luscinus, Roman
general and consul, vill. 841.
, George, German poet and archa;o-
logist, VIII. 841.
, Hieronymus, Italian anatomist,
VIII. 841; I. 809; on the blood organs,
XXIV. 96; his observations on embryo-
logy, VIII. 164.
, Joannes Alb?rti'-S, German biblio-
grapher, VIII. 841.
, Johann Cluistian, Danish natural-
ist, VIII. 842.
Fabriz VON Hilden, Wilhelni (Fabri-
cius Hildanus), liis contributions to
• surgery, XXII. 676.
Fabroni, Angelo, Italian biographer,
VIII. 842.
Fabrot, Charles Annibal, French juris-
consult, VIII. 843.
Fabul.s Atellan.e, Roman comedies,
II. 827.
Faburden, in music, XVII. 81.
Fabyan, Robert, English chionicler,
VIII. 843.
.Facciolati, Jacopo, Italian philologist,
VIII. S43: Iiis Latin lexicon, IX. 393.
Uuiuan, Ajiatomy of the, I. 825.
884; racial diversities of type, 11. 11;;
in physiognomy, XIX. 3.
Facing-Points, Railway, xx. 238.
Factor, in mercantOe law, viii. 843.
Factorials, Tables of, xxiii. 14.
Factor Tables, xxiii. 7.
Factory Acts, viii. 844; their effect
on wages, XX I v. 311.
Factory Island, Sierra Leone, xxii.
Faculty, in law, viii. 846.
, in universities, VIII. 84b; XXIII.
835-
Fadasi, station. East Central Africa,
XXI. 657.
Fadrique, Don, of Castile, brother of
Pedro I., XVIII. 450.
F^CES, XVI I. 670.
F;EMUNDS6, lake, Norway, XVII. 570.
Faenza, town, Italy, vin. 846; majolica
ware of (Faience), XIX. 627.
F<EREYINGA, Icelandic book, XII. 625.
Faery Queen, The, Spenser's poem,
XXII. 394.
F/tsUL^E, ancient town, Etruria, IX. 14S.
Faggiuola, pndesta of Pisa, XIX. 120.
Fagott, musical instrument, xvii. 707.
Fahlberg, his experiments on sugar,
XXII. 623.
Fahlcrantz, Christian Erik, Swedish
poet, VIII. 846; XXII. 757.
rAHLERZ, mineral, xvi. 395.
Fahlun, town, Sweden, IX. 17.
Fahlunite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel, German
physicist, VIII. 847; his thermometric
scale, xxill. 288.
Faidherbe, Louis L. C, governor of
Senegal, xxi. 661.
Fainting, failure of heart's action, XI.
554-
Fair, Fairs, viii. 847; Russian, xxi.
86; of Nijni-Novgorod, Russia, XVII.
502:
Fairbairn, Sir WUliam, engineer,
VIII. 849.
Fair Eckbert, Tieck's tale, xxiii. 3S1.
Fairfax, Lord, Parliamentary general,
VIII. S51.
, Edward, English poet, Vlll. 851.
, Mary (Mrs SomerviUe), scientific
writer, xxii. 260.
Fairfield, tj\™, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
VIII. S53.
Fairfieldite, mineral, xvi, 405.
Fair H.wens, Crete, vi. 570.
Fairholt, Frederick William, English
antiquary, VIII. 853
Fair Isl.a.nd, Shetland, Scotland, xvii.
848.
Fairlight Down, Sussex, England,
xxii. 723.
Fairmount Park, Philadelphia,
U.S.A., xviii. 737.
Fairy, Fairies, viii. 854; 11. 203.
Mythology, in Celtic literature, v.
325-
Fairy-Ring Champignon, fungu»,
XVII. 761.
Faisans, fie de, Fiance, XX. 126: xxiv.
136-
Faith, as a species of belief, in. 534; in
relation to ethics, Vlll. 589; to theo-
logy, XXIIL 264; St Paul's doctrine of,
xviil. 426.
Faithorne, William, English painicr
aud engraver, Vlll. 855.
, '■William, English mezzotmt en-
graver, VIII. 85 5.
Faizab.^d, division,, district, and io\v'n,
India, viii. 855; XVIII. 72.
Fakarava, island, Tuamotu, South
Pacific, XXIII. 602
F.'VKiHi, Arab historian, xxill. 3.
Fakir, member of Mohammedan
religious order, VII. 113; XXU. 662,
665.
Falaba, town. West Africa, IX. i ; -XXII.
45-
Falaise, town, France, IX. i ; treaty of
(II 89), XXI. 4S4.
Falashas, Jews of Abyssinia, IX. i ;
1.63
Falcidian L.'iW, Roman, 11. 79.
Falco, genus of buds, I.X. 2; XIV. 53;
xviii. 56.
Falcon, bird, ix. 2.
■ , state, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Falcone, Anicllo, Italian paintei',
IX. 4.
Falco.ner, Hugh, English naturalist,
IX. 4.
, William, English poet, IX. 4.
Falconet, Etienne Maurice, French
sculptor, IX. 5.
Falconry, ix. 5; kiti for, xiv. 103.
FaLERII, ancient town, Etruria, IX. 12;
vui. 635.
Falernus Acer, district, ancient Italy,
IX. 12.
Falico, affluent of Niger, Africa, xvil.
496.
Faliero, Marino, doge of Venice, ix.
12; xxiv. 144.
, Vilale, doge of Venice, XXIV. 1 50.
Falk, Johann Daniel, German wiitcr
and philanthropist, IX. 13.
Falke, Johann Friedrich Gottlieb, Ger-
man historian, i.\. 13.
Falkirk, town, Scotland, ix. 13; xxii.
554; battle of (129S), XXI. 487; battle
of (1746), XXI. 526.
Falkland, town, Scotland, ix. 13.
, Second Viscount (Sir Lucius Caiy),
v. 170.
Islands, Soutn Atlantic, ix. 14;
bii-ds of, III. 745.
Falk Laws, Germany, x. 513; xvil.
755-
Falkner, Thomas, Patagonian explorer,
XVIlL 354.
Fal-la, musical composition, XVII. 84.
Fallerslebev, Hoffninn von, German
writer, XU. 44; X. 546.
158
Falling Sickness, disease, viii. 479.
Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp, Germau
etlmologist and historian, IX. 16.
Fall of Princes, Lydgate's poem, xv.
98.
Fallopius, or Fallopio, Gabriello,
Italian anatomist, IX. 16; I. 809.
Fallow Deer, vii. 24.
Fallowing, in agriculture, I. 337.
Fall River, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., IX. 16.
Falmouth, town, England, IX. 17.
False Point, harbour, Orissa, India,
IX. 17.
False Prophet, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
45-
Falster, island, Denmark, IX. 17.
Falterona, Monte, mountain, Italy,
XIII. 437.
Faludi, Francis, Hungarian writer, XII.
376-
Falun, town, Sweden, IX. 17.
Famagosta, town, Cyprus, VI. 748.
Fam AKA, town, East Central Africa, XXI.
658.
Famatinite, minera,!, xvi. 396.
Familists, Christian sect, VI. 844.
Family, !X. 17; development of, viii.
61 S; legal theories of, XIV. 364; in
Roman law, XX. 671, 674, 688, 706,
712.
Compact, of House .of Bourbon
(1733), xxn. 338; renewal of (1743).
XXII. 339; third compact (1761), v.
681; IX. 590; XXII. 340; renewed
(1796), XXII. 343.
Famine Fever, xxiil 680.
Famines, ix. 24; in Cape Verd Islands,
v. 51; in India, XII. 766, 811; in Ire-
land, XIII. 269, 270, 272 ; emigration
aifected by, VIII. 173; how affected by
the corn-laws, VI. 413.
Fan, IX. 27; Chinese, v. 639.
Fanal SiDiRAL Light, for lighthouses,
XIV. 619.
Fanariote Princes, of Walachia, xxi.
18, 20.
Fandango, bird, xv. 455.
Faneuil Hall, Boston, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., IV. 76.
Fannian Law, Roman, XXII. 644.
Fano, tovna., Italy, IX. 28.
Fans, tribe, West Coast, Africa, X. 3;
XVII. 473.
Fanshawe, Sir Richard, English poet
and statesman, IX. 2S.
Fanti, Italian article of food, XV. 125.
(or Fantee) Tribe and Lan-
guage, Gold Coast, Africa, 11. 681; x.
756.
Fantoccini, or Marionettes, xv. 546.
Fanum Fortune, ancient to\ra, Italy,
IX. 28.
Farabi, A1, Arab writer on music, xvi.
596.
Farad, electrical unit of measurement,
XXIIL H6.
F A L- FAT
F.'MiAD.A.v, Michael, Englifh physicist,
IX. 29; his contributions to chemistry,
V. 467; to electiical science, VIII. II,
36, 61, 107, III; to magnetism, III.
64; XV. 244; his law of electrolytes,
VIII. 107.
Farafreh, oasis, Africa, xvii. 695.
Faraj, Mohammed ibn, Moslem im-
postor, XVI. 5S5.
Faraladi, Mohammed, Persian min-
strel, xviil. 656.
Farbenlehre, Goethe's work, x. 734.
Farcy, horse disease, X. 634; XXIV.
202.
Fareham, town, England, ix. 32
Farel, Guillaume, French Reformer, IX.
32; XX. 332; xxn. 790; his relations
with Calvin, I v. 716.
Fargite, mineral, xvi. 423.
Faria V Sousa, Manoel de, Portuguese
historian and poet, IX. 32; XIX. 557.
Farid-eddin ■ Abdallah (Rudagi),
Persian poet, XXI. 49; xvill. 658.
Faridkot, state. North- Western India,
IX. 33-
Faridpur, district, British India, ix.
33-
Farid-uddin-.\ttar, Persian mystic
poet, IX. 8g; xviii. 658.
Farina, town, Tunis, ix. 34.
, Giovanni Mai-ia, first manufacturer
of eau de Cologne, VII. 616.
, Giuseppe la, Italian writer and
politician, XIV. 201.
Farinaccius, . on tha infliction of
torture, XXIII. 466.
Far;nato, Paolo, Italian painter and
architect, IX. 34.
FaRINELLI (Carlo Broschi), Italian
singer, IX. 34; influence of, at Spanish
court, IX. 83; friend oi Metastasio, XVI.
104; his range of voice, XXIV. 275.
Farinerius, William, genoral of Fran-
ciscans, XVII. 717.
F.4RINI, Luigi Carlo, Italian physician,
statesman, and historian, IX. 34.
Faris.^n Archipelago, Red Sea, xx.
316.
Farm Buildings, i. 308.
Farmer, Hugh, English theologian, tx.
35-
, Richard, Shakespearean commen-
tator, IX. 35.
Farmers, Education of, l. 408.
Far.MING, Large and Small, I. 411.
Implements, i. 311.
Farm Labourers, i. 408.
Farm JLan.\gement, of cattle, l. 389;
of hoi-ses, I. 3S6; of sheep, I. 391.
Farms, Extent of, I. 406.
, Small, Advantages of, XIV. 268.
Farn.^bie, or Farnaby, Thomas, English
schoolmaster, IX. 34.
Farne Islands, off Northumberland,
England, XVII. 565.
F.\rne3E, noble Italian family, IX. 56;
XIII. 4S2.
Farnese, Alessandro (Pope Paul III.),
XVIII. 430; xlx. 504
, Alessandro, of Parma, governor of
Low Countries, IX. 37; XII. 77.
, Elizabeth, wife of Philip V. oi
Spain, IX. 38; XVIII. 746; XXn. 337.
, Ottavio, duke of Parma, IX. 36;
XV. 537.
, Pierluigi, duke of Parma and Pia-
cenza, IX. 36.
— .— , Ranuccio, duke of Parma, IX. 36.
Palace, Rome, 11. 438, 441; xvl
235; XXI. 265.
Tazza, onjTC vessel, XVII. 777.
Farnham, town, England, IX. 39; XXIL
694.
Faro, town, Portugal, IX. 39.
Faroe Islands, North Sea, ix. 39; vil
83; xvii. 592; whirluools of, XXIY.
542.
Faroelite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Farquhar, George, English dramatist,
IX. 40; VIL 436.
, Sir Robert, English governor,
Mauritius, xv. 641.
Farragut, David Glasooe, American
admiral, IX. 41.
Farrah, town, Afghanistan, L 230;
river, I. 229.
F.\rrakhabad, district and to^vn, India,
IX. 42.
Farrant, Richard, English musical
composer, IX. 43.
Fars, or Farsistan, province, Persia, I3£.
43-
Farthingale, in costume, vi. 472.
Farthings, Quycn Anne'.s, xvii. 656.
Fas, in Roman law, XX. 670.
Fas\ni, Raniero, Italian \VTiter, XUL
500.
Fas.\N0, town, Italy, IX. 43.
Fascination, Magical, xv. 202.
Fasciola Hepatic.^, liver-fluke, xxiii.
535; XXIV. 205.
Fashodo, town, on the Nile, Africa,
XVII. 507.
Fass.\ite, mineral, xvi. 416.
F.4S a, Roman calendars and chrocicloi,
IX. 43.
, Ovid's, XVIII. 81.
F.\stinc, religious discipline, IX. 44;
XVIII. 484.
, Claus, Danish poet, IX. 49.
Fastnet Rock, Ireland, XUL 2lb.
Fat, in anatomy, I. 851; in pathology,
XVIII. 3S9. See Fats.
Fate, in philosophy and theology, XIX.
668.
Fates, in classical mythology, ix. 49.
Fath Ali, shah of Persia, xvin. 647.
Father and Child, in law, i. 13.
Fathers, Apostolic, 11. 195.
of Christian Doctrine, mon-
astic order, kvi. 712.
OF THE Church, ix. 49.
Fathi Muhammad, ruler of Cutch, vx.
73'-
F A T--F E L
159
FaTHIPUR, district and town, India. IX.
50.
SiKRi, town, India, ix. 51.
Fatiha, Lord's Prayer of the Koran,
XVI. 603.
Fatima, daughter of -vlohammed, IX.
51; XVI. 546.
F.iTlMlTES, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 587,
594; II. 259, 722; VII. 750; xxrii.620.
Fatio DE Duillier, on the invention
of the calcvdus, XIII. 9.
Fatlings, Offerings of, xviii. 343.
F ^TOb'Hlv.'i, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
XV. 564.
F.^rR,\, Mohammedan doctrine of, xvi.
5-tS.
Fats, oils, xvii. 739, 743; vegetable,
XVII. 744, 746; xi.\. 53.
Fat;;isio, island, Japan, xili. 569.
Fatteh Khan, Afghan king, i. 239.
Fatiore, II {Gianfrancesco Penni),
Italian painter, xviil. 49S.
F.-'.tty Degeneration, disease, xviii.
390; of the heart, XI. 554.
Fa TWA, town, India, XViii. 409.
FaUCHER, Leon, French political econo-
mist, IX. 51.
Fauciiet, Claude, historian and anti-
quary (i 530-1601), IX. 52.
, Claude, Abbe, Girondist (1744-
1/93)- 'X- 52-
Faujas de Saint-Fond, Barthelemi,
French naturalist, IX. 52.
Faujasite, mineral, XVI. 421.
FAtJLEN, mountain, Switzerland, XXI.
465.
Faults, in rocks, x. 261, 301, 372; xvi.
442.
Faun, in classical mythology, ix. 53.
Fauresmith, village. Orange River
Free State, Africa, xvii. 813.
Fauriel, Cliarles Claude, French his-
torian and critic, IX. 53.
Faust, in mediseval legend, IX. 54.
, Goetlie's, X. 539, 733, 735.
, Spohr's opera, XXII. 411.
Fausta, Roman princess, vi. 300.
Faustina, Annia, wife of Marcus
Aurelius, iv. 54.
, Temple of, at Rome, II. 416; XX.
820.
Faustus, in medieval legend, IX. 54.
, Doctor, Marlowe's drama, xv. 556.
, Johannes, German printer, XXIII.
684.
Favara, town, Sicily, IX, 56.
Favart, Charles Simon, French drama-
list, IX. 56.
Faventia (Faenza), ancient town, Italy,
VIII. 846.
(Barcelona), ancient town, Spain,
ill. 368.
Faversham, town, England, ix. 56 ;
XIV. 39
Favorinus, Greek sophist, ix. 56.
Favorita, La, Donizetti's opera, vir.
364-
Favre, his researches in law of energy
in electricity, viii. 89.
Favus, disease, xviil. 269; Schoillein's
discovery in relation to, XV. 817.
Fawcett, Henry, English economist,
hispostalreforms,Xlx. 570; hismanual
of political economy, XiX. 399.
Fawkes, Francis, English poet, IX. 57.
, Guy, Gunpowder Plot conspirator,
IX. 57.
, of Farnley Hall, friend of Turner,
XXIII. 664.
Fawkner, John P.iscoe, colonizer of
Victoria, Australia, XXI v. 218.
Fay, Andras, Hungarian poet, IX. 59;
XII. 377.
Fayal, island, Azores, III. 172.
Fayalite, mineral, xvi. 410.
Faye's Comet, vi. 192.
Fayetteville, town. North Carolina,
U.S.A., IX. 59.
Fayoum, district and lake, Egypt, VII.
774; labyrinth of, II. 387; VII. 774.
Fays, or Fairies, viii. 854.
Fazil Ahmed, Turkish vizier, xxiil.
645.
Fazio degli Uberti, medieval Italian
poet, XIII. 505.
Fazoklo, to^vn, East Centi'al Africa,
XXI. 658.
Fea, Carlo, Italian archaeologist, IX.
59-
Fealty, Oath of, in feudal system, xiv.
114; IX. 121; XII. 107.
Fearne, Charles, EngUsh jurist, IX. 59.
Feast-Days, IX. 113.
Feast of the Learned (Deipnoso-
phistse), Athenjeus's work, II. 831.
Feasts, Je-nash, xviii. 511; feast of the
passover, xviii. 343, 511; of taber-
nacles, XXIII. 6; xvin. 511; of un-
leavened bread, xviii. 343, 511; of
weeks, xviii. 511, 514.
, Sacrificial, XXI. 134.
Feathers, ix. 59; of birds, in. 727,
776; xviii. 26; XXII. 107, 108.
Feather-Stars, crinoid Echinoder-
mata, vii. 635.
Febrile Diseases, xviii. 394.
Febronius, Justiuus (Hontheim),
writer on Galilean liberties, xil. 143;
XIX. 507.
February, month, IX. 6t; XV. 66.
Feca.mp, town, France, IX. 61; XXI.
626.
Fechner, G. T., on a;sthetics, I. 220; his
metaphysical system, vill. 767.
Fechner's Law, in psycho-physics,
XXIV. 470; XVII. 104.
Feckenham, or Fecknam, John de,
abbot of Westminster, IX. 61.
FECUND.\TfON, in biology. III. 686;
of animal ovum, XX. 417; of plants,
XX. 425.
Fed.\is, or Assassins (q.v.), II. 723.
Fedchenko, Alexis Paulowitch, Rus-
sian naturalist, IX. 61.
Feddersen, cin electrical discharges,
VIII. 65.
Federal Government, ix. 6r; xi.
20; in Switzerland, xxil. 795; in
United States, xxill. 749.
Federici, Camillo, Italian dramatist,
IX. 63.
Fedkovich, Yuri, Russian poet, XXI.
no.
Fedlimid, king of Munstcr, xill. 252.
Fee, in English law, ix. 63.
Feeding Stuffs, their value a*
manure, XV. 511.
Feejee (or Fiji) Isl.\nds, Pacific, IX.
155; XV. S35.
Feeling, in p.sychology, XX. 40, 66, 74.
, Sense of, XXIII. 47S; in mammals,
XV. 367; nerves of, I. 897.
Feet, of mammals, xv. 360.
Washing, Maundy Thursday rite,-
XV. 635.
Feg.\tella, genus of liverworts, xvii.
67.
Fehling, H., his testa of sugar, xxiL
624.
Fehmarn, island, Schleswig-Holstein,
xxi. 414.
Fehmic Courts (Fehmgerichte), Ger-
many, IX. 63; X. 495.
Fehrbellin, Prus.sia, Battle of (1675),
XX. 7.
Feinaigle, Gr(?goire de. his system of
mnemonics, xvi. 533.
Feiran, wady, Sinai, Aiabia, XXII. 89.
Feitama, Sybrand, Du'-j;h 'vrriter, ix.
64; XII. 96.
Feith, Rhijnvis, Dutch poet, IX, 64;
XII. 97.
Feiyoom, district and lake, Egypt, VII
774; labyrinth of, i:. 387; vii. 77,*
Fejer, Gyorgy, Hungarian writer, IX.
64.
Feldberg, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, XXIV. 700.
Feldkirch, town, Vorarlberg, Austria,
IX. 65; XXIV. 297.
Feldon, district, Warwickshire, Eng
land, XXI. 739.
Felegyhaza, town, Hungary, IX. 65.
FiLIBlEN, Andr6, French architect ani
historiographer, IX. 65.
, Dom Michel, French historian, IX,
65.
Felid,1!, family of Camivora, XV. 434.
Felinite, mineral, xvi. 425.
Felinski, Aloysius, Polish dramatis!^
xix. 303.
Felix I., pope, ix. 65.
II., pope, IX. 66.
in. (or II.), pope, IX. 66- XIX.
492.
IV. (or III.), pope, <X. 66.
V. (or rV.), pone, I. 650; XIX. 503;
XXI. 341.
of Urgel, Aaoptiamst, I. 163; xiv.
449-
of \ alois, founder of order of
160
F E L — F E R
Trinitarians, ix. 66; xvi. 70q; XaIII.
574-
Felix, Antoniua, procurator of JudjEa,
IX. 66; xiu. 427.
Elizabeth, French actress, XX. 203.
AND Regula, Sts, Abbey of,
Zurich, Switzerland, XXII. 7S1; XXIV.
830-
Marte dk Hyrcania. romance,
XX. 659.
Fell, John, bishop of Oxford, IX. 66.
, Margaret, English Quakeress, IX.
501; XX. 148.
Fellahs, or Fellaheen, Moslem Egyp-
tians, I. 266; VII. 723.
Fellatahs, or Foulahs (q.v.), people,
Africa, I. 363.
Fellenberg, Philipp Emanuel von,
Swiss educationist, IX. 67.
Feller, Franjois Xavier de, Belgian
writer, IX. 67.
Fellows, Sir Charles, English traveller
and antiquary, IX. 67.
Felo de Se, in law, ix. 68. See also
XXII. 629.
Felon-Grass, hellebore, xl 635.
Felony, in law. ix. 68; vi. 5S8.
Felspar, mineral, x. 227; xi. 48; xvl
418.
Felstone, rock, XL 49.
Felt, fabric of matted fibres, IX. 68;
XXIV. 658; in hat industry, XI. 518.
Feltham, Owen, English moralist,
IX. 69.
Felton, John, asBa^in of Buckingham,
IV. 419.
Feltre, town, Italy, ix. 69.
, Morto da, Italian painter, IX. 69.
Feltria, ancient to%\-n, Italy, IX. 69.
Felup Group, of Negroes xvil. 319.
FelwoRT, plant, X. 160.
Femmes Savantes, LeS, Moliire'a play,
XVI. 629.
Femur, or Thigh-bone, Anatomy of the,
I. 829; of birds. III. 722.
Fences, in agriculture, i. 309.
Fencing, in gymnastics, ix. 69.
F^nelon, Bertrand de Salignac, French
diplomatist, ix. 72.
• , Francois de Salignac, archbishop
of Cambray, IX. 72, 662; his economic
teaching, xix. 359.
Fenians, in early Irish history, ix. 74;
in recent history, xill. 271
Fen Land, Reclamation of, i. 404.
Fenn, Sir John, English antiquary,
XVI 11. 344.
Fennel, plant, IX. 76; xn. 289.
Fennians, op Fenians, IX. 74; Fennian
tales, V. 311.
Fens, Reclamation of, I. 404; Bedford
level, England, III. 482 ; in Cam-
bridgeshire, IV. 727; in Lincolnshire,
XIV. 653; in Holland, XII. 62.
Fenton, Elijah, English poet, IX. 76.
— -, Sir Geoffrey, English statesman
and writer, IX. 76.
Fenugreek, heib, ix. 76.
Fenwick, Jolm, Quaker settler in New
Jersey, XX, 152; his relations with
Penn, xviii. 494.
FeodorL, czar of Russia, XXI. 93.
II., czar of Russia, XXI. 95.
III., czar of Russia, XXI. 96.
Feoffee, in English law, xxiii. 596.
Feoffment, in English law, ix. 77.
Ferberite, mineral, XVI. 403.
Ferdinand, tlje name, IX. 77.
I., emperor, IX. 77; X. 499; be-
comes king of Hungary, III. 124; XIL
369-
11., emperor, IX. 77; X. 500; his
relations with Wallenstein, XXIV. 328.
III., emperor, l.x. 78; X. 502.
L, king of Aragou and Sicily, IX.
80; II. 324.
11. , of Aragon (V. of Castile), IX.
81; XXII. 325.
L, emperor of Austria? IX. 78; III.
136; XII. 371.
, duke of Brunswick, IX.- 84; in the
Seven Years' War, IX. 5S9.
I., the Great, king of Castile, IX.
80; XXII. 315.
IL, of Leon, IX. 80; XXII. 317.
III., St, of Castile and Leon, IX.
81; xxn. 317.
IV., of Castile and Leon, IX. 81;
XXIL 319.
v., of Castile, ix. 81; xxil. 325;
his conquest of Naples, XIII. '481 ;
Prescott's History of, XIX. 702.
VL, king of Spain, ix. 82; xxil.
339-
VII., of Spain, IX. 83; XXII. 345.
L, king of Naples, ix. 78.
IL, of Naples, IX. 78'; xill. 48S.
III., of Naples (V. of Castile), IX.
81; XXII. 325.
IV., of Naples (I. of Two Sicilies),
IX. 78; XIII. 4S5; XXII. 29.
, king of Portugal, IX. 79; XIX.
543-
VL, VII., kings of Spain. See
under Ferdinands of Castile.
I., grand-duke of Tuscany, XV. 791.
IL, of Tuscany, xv. 792.
■ III., of Tuscany, IX. 84.
I., king of the Two Sicilies (IV.
of Naples), IX. 78; XIII. 485; XXIL
29.
IL, of the Two Sicilies, IX. 79;
XIIL 488.
and Isabella, Prescott's History
of, XIX. 702.
, Count Fathom, SmoUett's novel,
XXII. 184.
Fereira, Antonio de, Portuguese poet,
XIX. 556.
Ferentino (the ancient Fercntinum),
town, Italy, IX. 84.
Ferento, town, Italy, IX. 85.
Ferghana, province, Russian Turke-
stan. IX. 85; XXII. 81S; xxui. 632.
Ferguson, Adam, Scottish philo-sonhef
and historian, IX. 86.
, James, English mechanist and
astronomer, IX. 87.
Fergusonite, mineral, xvi. 427J
polarity of, XIX. 313.
Fergusson, James, on the Holy
Sepulchre, XXI. 671.
, Robert, Scottish poet, IX. 87.
, Sir William, surgeon, IX. 88.
Feri^, Roman festivals, 'iX. 1 14 ;
Latina;, XIIL 781.
Ferid-eddin-Athar, - Persian mystic
poet, IX. 89; xviii. 65S.
Ferisht.\, Mohammed Kasim, Persian
historian, IX. 8g.
Fermanagh, county, Ireland, IX. 90;
population and representation, XXIII.
727.
Fermat, Pierre de, FrcnA mathema-
tician, IX. 91 ; on maxima and minima,
XIII. 7; on porisms, XIX. 52a
FERMENT.4TI0N, IX. ^i; in animal
tissues, XXII. 6S0; in plants, XIX. 51;
due to minute organisms, XXJ. 407;
in brewing, iv. 275; minor, in wine-
making, XXIV. 602; Schwann's obser-
vations on, XXI. 460.
Fermo, tov.-n, Italy, IX. 98.
Fermor, Russian general, XXI. 99.
Fermoy, to^^'n, Ireland, ix. 99.
Fern, plant, ix. 100. See Ferns.
Fernan Caballero (Cecilia Bdhl von
Fabcr), Spanish novelist, vill. 833.
Fernandez, Alvaro, Portuguese ex-
plorer, IX. 99.
, Diego, Spanish adventurer and
historian, IX. 99.
, Joam, Pc:tuguc:o traveller, IX.
90.
, Juan, Spanish advent"rer, IX. gg.
, Juan, Spanish navigator, IX. 99.
Fernando de Noronii.a, islands.
South Atlantic, IX. eg.
Fernando Po, island. West Africa, IX.
100; I. 272; xxn. 298.
Fernel, Jean Fran9ois, French phy-
sician, IX. 100.
Ferney, near Geneva (dep. AinX Vol-
taire's residence, xxiv. 290.
Fernow, Karl Ludwig, German art
critic and archceologist, IX. 100.
Ferns, group of plants, ix. 100; xxiv.
I2g; reproduction of, IV. 160; XX.
423; stem in, iv. 106; as garden and
hot-house plants, Xli. 267.
Fern-Tree, x.xiii. 534.
Feroe Islands, or Faroe Islands (}.».),
Norwegian Sea, IX. 39.
Ferozepore, district, India, IX. 241;
XX. 109; town, IX. 241.
Ferozeshahr (Firoz-shahr), India,
Battle of (1845), XX. 112.
Ferrand, Comte, French statesman and
ivriter, IX. 107.
Ferr.\ra, town, Italy, IX. 107; school
of painting of, xxi. 437, 443; swon)
F E R — F IE
161
tladea of, XXII. 803; jmirersity, xxm.
837-
Ferrara, Francesco, Italian economist,
XIX. 387.
Ferrari, Lewis, Italian algebraist, i.
513-
Gaudenzio, Italian painter, IX.
108.
Ferreira, Antonio, Portuguese poet,
IX. log.
Ferret, albino variety of the polecat,
IX. 109; XV. 440; XIX. 331.
Ferretti, Giovanni Maria Mastai
(Pope Pius IX.), XIX. 156.
Ferreus, Scipio, Italian algebraist, i.
513-
Ferrex and P-orrex, earl of- Dorset's
tragedy, VII. 373, 42S.
Ferri, Giro, Italian painter, IX, 109.
Ferricyanides, XX. 24.
Ferr'ier, David, on motor areas in man,
XIX. 41.
, James Frederick, Scottish meta-
physician, IX. 109.
. '-, Susan Edmonston, Scottish novel-
ist, IX. no.
Ferro, island, Canaries, IV. 800; longi-
tude measured from it, XXIII. 394.
Ferrocyanides of Iron, xx. 24.
Ferrol, town, Spain, IX. in.
FeiIrolito, castle, Nicastro, Italy, xvil
480.
Ferpo-Manganese, metal, xiii. 350.
Ferrutitanite, mineral, xvi. 426.
Ferru, Monte, Sardinia, xxi. 307.
Ferry, Law relating to, IX. in.
, Nicholas (Bebd), dwarf, vil. 567.
Ferrybank, town, KUkenny, Ireland,
XXIV. 401.
Fersen, Axel, Gount, Swedish general,
IX. n2.
FERTit; Mac6, La, town, France,
XVIII. 2.
Fertilization, of animal ovum, xx.
417; XXI. 721; of plants, IV. 147; xx.
425; of soil, I. 342; XI. 234; XV. 505.
Ferto, lake, Hungary, XII. 362.
Fesca, Frederic Ernest, German musical
composer, IX. 112.
Fesch, Joseph, French cardinal, IX.
112.
Fess, in heraldry, xi. 694.
Fessler, Ignaz Aurelius, Hungarian
ecclesiastic and writer, IX. 113.
Festal Epistles, giving dates of
movable feasts, VIII. 483.
Festin de Pierre, Molifere's play, xvi.
628.
Festing, Colonel, his spectroscopic ob-
servations, XXII. 380.
Festiniog, town, Wales, xvi. 39.
Festivals, ix 113; ancient Greek,
xvn. 124; Jewish, xvin. 511; xxiiL
6; Mexican, xvi. 212; pilgrimages in
connexion with, XIX. 90.
Festus, Porcius, Koman procurator,
>JII. 427.
•25 — S»
Festus, Sextus Pompeius, Latin gram-
marian, IX. ii8.
Fetbol, mineral, xvi. 425.
Fetichism, IX. 118; XV. 20; XX. 367.
F£tis, Fran9ois Joseph, Belgian writer
and musical composer, ix. 119.
Fetlar, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvii. 846.
Fetohougo, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
XV. 564.
Feu, in Scots law, IX. 119.
Feuchtersleben, Edouard, Freiherr
von, Austrian medical writer, IX. 1 19.
Feudalism, Feudal System, ix. i 19;
XI. II ; XVin. 303; Celtic, V. 799;
Chinese, VI. 259; Frankisli, IX. 529;
German, X. 479, 48 1 ; under the Nor-
mans in England, viii. 296; in Soot-
land, XXI. 483, 486; its influence on
constitution of armies, 11. 563; its
economic effects, XIX. 351; in relation
to Jmighthood and chivalry, XIV. 112.
Feuerbach, Ludmg Andreas, German
philosopher, IX. 123.
, Paul Johann Anselm von, German
jurist, IX. 124.
Feuillants Club, France (1791), ix.
602.
Feuilleton, of French newspaper, IX.
125.
Fever, ix. 125; xviii. 394; diet iu,
VII. 206; malarious, XV. 316; relapsing,
XXIII. 680; scarlet, XXI. 376; typhoid,
XXIII. 678 ; typhus, xxill. 676 ;
yellow, XXIV. 734.
Thermometer, xxiii. 292.
FeyHeau, Ernest-Aime, French writer,
IX. 126, 679.
Feyjoo, Benito, Spanish writer, xxii.
360.
Fez, town, Morocco, ix. 126; xvi. 831;
nosque at, XVI. 865.
Fezara, lake, Algeria, 1. 563.
Fezzan, country, Africa, IX. 128; XVII.
695; XXIIL 574.
Fiacre,, coach, origin of name, IX. 130.
, St, French hermit, IX. 130.
Fialin, Jean Gilbert Victor, Due de
Persigny, French general, XVlil. 661.
FlAMINGO, II (Frangois Duquesnoy),
Flemish sculptor, XXI. 563.
Fiammetta, Boccaccio's, in. S43.
FlANARANTSOA, town, Madagascar, XV.
175-
FlAR, river, France, XX. 528.
FiARS Prices, in Scots law, ix. 130.
Fiber, genus of rodent mammals, xv.
418, 419; xvn. 108.
Fibonacci, Leonardo, of Pisa, mathe-
matician, XIX. 125.
Fibres, Textile, ix. 131; alpaca, i. 597;
llama, XIV. 73S; mohair, xvi. 544;
silk, XXII. 56; wool, XXIV. 653; coir,
VI. 103; cotton, vl 483; flax, IX.
296; hemp, XI. 647; Manila hemp,
XV. 488; jute, XIII. 800; phormium,
XVIII. 812; rhea, xx. 506; from
Algeria, I. 565; used in paper-making,
XVIII. 225.
Fibrin, albuminoid substance, IX. 133;
XX. 483.
Fibroferrite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Fibroin, core of sOk fibre, xxii. 61.
FiBROLiTE, mineral, xiil. 541; xvi.
408.
Fibroma, disease, xviii. 368.
Fibrous Tissue, in man, i. S49;
XIL 6.
Fibula, bone of leg, i. 829; in birds, in.
723-
FiCHTE, Johann Gottlieb, German meta-
physician, IX. 134; liis five ages, 1.
279; his criticism of Kant's categories,
V. 224; metaphysics of, XVI. 87; his
influence on German rationalism, xx.
290'; his relations with ScheUing, xxi.
390.
FiCHTELBERG, mountain. Germany,
VIII. 533; XXL 357.
FiCHTELGEBlRGE, mountain range,
Bavaria, ix. 138.
FiCHTELiTE, mineral, xvi. 429.
Ficino, MarsOio, Italian philosopher, ix.
138.
Fiction, in English literature; viii. 421,
428, 429, 430. See also Romance, xx.
632.
Fictions, in law, ix. 140; xiv. 365.
Ficus, genus of plants, ix. 153.
FiDANZA, John of (St Eonaventura),
scholastic philosopher, iv. 30; xxL
427.
Fiddle, musical insti'ument, xxiv.
242.
Fiddlers' Muscles, i. 840.
Fideicommissum, in Roman law,
xxiii. 595.
Fidelity Guarantee, in insurance,
XIII. 161.
Fiden.'E (CasteUo Giubileo), ancient
town, Italy, IX. 141; wooden amphi-
theatre at, I. 775.
FiDicULA, ancient musical instrument,
xxiv. 242.
Field, John, English musical composer
and pianist, ix. 141.
, Nathan, EngUsh dramatist, ix.
141; VIL 433.
Artillery, il 661, 663.
Fieldf.\re, bird, IX. 142.
Field Guns, xi. 306, 313.
Field Hospitals, l 667.
Fielding, Copley, English painter, IX.
142.
, Henry, English novelist, IX. 142 j
as satirist, xxi. 320; his place in
English literature, Vlll. 430.
Fielq-Marshal, military title, xv.
574-
Field of the Clothof Gold, Fran- ?,
II. 480; XXIV. 635.
Field of Woodcocks, Russia, BRtUsi
of the (1380), XXI. 91.
Fierabras, romance, xx. ^51.
162
f'.. I E — F I R
TiBRi Facias, in English law, ix. 147;
XXIV. 696.
FlESCHi, Counts of, Italy, Xiv. 350.
, Giovanni Luigi de', Genoese con-
spirator, IX. 147.
, Joseph Marie, French conspirator,
IX. 147.
, Siuibaldo de (Pope Innocent IV.),
XIII. 84.
FlESCO, or Fieschi, Giovanni Luigi de',
Genoese conspirator, IX. 147.
, Schiller's play, xxi. 396.
FlESOLE, town, Italy, IX. 148.
, Fra Giovanni Angelico da (Fra
Angelico), ItaUan painter, IX. 148,
772; XXI. 434, 435.
, Mino di Giovanni da, Italian
Bculptor, XVI. 477; XXI. 568.
Fliv^E, Joseph, French journalist, XVII.
426; xvm. 540.
Fife, county, Scotland, ix. 150; area
and population, xxi. 5 28; coalfields,
VI. 54; representation, XXIII. 727.
, musical instrument, IX. 351.
Fifth Monarchy .Men, Puritan sect,
_ IX. 153.
tuG, tree and frait, IX. 153; IV. 121;
XII. 271.
Pigaro, dramatic character, IX. 155.
, Paris newspaper, ix. 155; xvii.427.
, comedy by Beaumarchais, III. 468.
, opera by Mozart, XVII. ii.
, Josi de Larra, Spanish satirist,
XXII. 361.
FiGBURY Ring, Wilts, England, xxiv.
594-
FigeaC, town, France, IX. 155.
FiGiG, town, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
Figuer.\s, town, Spain, IX. 155.
Figure, Eigid, Kinematics of a, XV. 691.
OF THE Earth, vu. 597.
Figures, Lully's logical svstem of, xv.
64.
, Mathematical, XV. 268.
Figure Stone, mineral, xvi. 425.
Fihr, tribe, Arabia, II. 256.
FlHRlST, work on Arabic- literature,
xvii. 160; XV. 4S2, 484.
Fiji Isl.\nds, South Pacific, ix. 155;
XV. 835.
Filangieri, Carlo, Italian general, ix.
158.
, Gaetano, Italian publicist, ix. 159;
XIX. 362.
Filarete, Antonio, Florentine sculptor,
XXI. 568.
FILARIA, genus of nematode worms,
XVII. 325; XXIV. 206.
Filature, reeling of silk, xxii. 61.
Filbert, tree and nut, xi. 54S; plan-
tations of, I. 384.
File, steel tool, IX. 160; XI. 438.
File-Fish, ix. 161.
Filelfo, Francesco, Italian scholar, ix.
161.
Filfla, islet, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339-
FiLI, Irish bards, v. 303.
Filibuster, buccaneer, ix. 162 ; iv.
408.
Filicaia, Vincenzo da, Italian poet, ix.
162; XIII. 511.
Filices, or Ferns, IX. loi.
FILICIN.E, class of plants, XXIV. 129.
FiLlCUDi, Lipail Islands, Mediterranean
Sea, XIV. 6S3.
Filigree, jewel work of threads and
beads, IX. 163.
Filing of Documents, in law, xx.
342.
FlUNTO Elysio (F. M. do Nascimento),
Portuguese writer, XIX, 557.
FlLlPPiNO LiPPi, Italian painter, xiv.
685; IX. 773; XV. 606; XXL 435.
FILIPPO Ottonieri, Leopardi's imagi-
nary biography, xiv. 464.
FiLiPPOPEL (Philippopolis), town, Eou-
melia, Turkey, xviii. 753.
FiLLAN, St, Scottish saint, IX. 164.'
Fille du Regiment, by Donizetti, vii.
363-
Filles k LA Cassette, French emi-
grant girls at New Orleans, XVil.
403.
Fillet, in architecture, 11. 464,
Fillmore, Millard, president of United
States, IX. 165; XXIII. 770.
FiLLOWiTE, mineral, xvi. 404.
Filmer, Sir Robert, English political
writer, IX. 166.
Films, Liquid, in capillary action, v.
58, 59, 65.
, Sensitive, in nhotography. XVlll.
836.
FlLOCOPO, tAle by Boccaccio, III. 843;
XIII. 504.
FiLOSTRATO, poem by Boccaccio, in.
844-
Filter, apparatus for purifying liquids,
IX. 166.
Filter-Beds, in water-works, xxiv.
408.
Fin, of fish, xii. 637; xxii. 119,
Finale dell' Emilia, town, Italy, ix.
Finance, ix. 171; Law's system 01, xiv.
369.
Finch, bird, ix. 191.
, Daniel, earlofKottingham,English
secretary of state, xvii. 600.
, Heneage, earl of Nottingham, lord
chancellor of England, xvii. 600.
, Margaret, long-liver, xvn. 596.
FiNCK, Heinrich, German composer, l^
193-
, Hermann, German musical writer,
IX. 193.
Find, CJeltic hero, IX. 215.
FiNDEN, William, English engraver, ix.
193-
FiNDHORN, river, Scotland, viil. 129;
xvii. 166.
Fine, in law, IX. 193.
1 Arts, The, ix. 194; theory of, I.
212; application of, in numismatics,
XVII. 629, 633 ; position of poetry
among, XIX. 260, 262; how affected by
theRenaissance,XX. 385,390; Japanese,
XIII. 5S8; Winckelmann's studies in,
XXIV. 597; academies of, I. 77, 78.
FiNFOOT, bird, xx. 223.
FiNG.-iL, Celtic hero, IX. 215.
FiNGAL's C.WE, Staffa, Scotland, V.
265.
Finger Rings, xx. 560.
Fingers, Anatomy of the, I. 828;
joints of, I. 839; use of, to express
numbers, xvii. 625; redundancy of,
XVI. 762; whitlow on, XXIV. 555.
AND Toes, in turnips, L 367.
FiNGOLAND, South Africa, Xlll. 817.
FiNl, Tommaso (Masolino), Italian
painter, xv. 610; xxi. 435.
FiNlAL, in architecture, II. 464.
FlNlGUERR.\, Maso, Italian engraver,
IX. 215.
FiNiSTERE, department, France, ix.
215.
Finland, province, Russia, ix. 216;
XXI. 69; acquisition of, by Russia
(1809), XXI. 100; XXII. 752; climate
of, XXII. 738; newspapers, xvii 430;
periodical literature, xviii. 543.
, Gulf of, Russia, iii. 294.
FiNL.\Y, George, English historian of
Greece, ix. 220.
Finnans, smoked haddocks, I. 44.
FiNNER, cetacean mammal, XV. 395.
Finnish Language, xxiv. i; diction-
aries of, VII. 188.
Finns, race of people, ix. 219; XXL 79
religion of, XX. 363.
FiNSBURY, borough, Loudon, XIV. 821.
FiNTRY Hills, Scotland, xxii. 553.
FiOGO, town, Japan, XI. 851.
FiORAVENTi, Aristotle, Italian architect,
XXI. 91.
FiORENTiNO, Giovanni, ■ mediaeval
ItaUan writer, Xlll. 505.
FlORENZUOLA, town, Italy, IX. 221.
FlORlLLO, Johann Dominicus, German
painter and historian of art, IX. 221.
FIORITE, mineral, XVI. 390.
FlOTE, language, Congo, Africa, VI.
267.
Fir, coniferous tree, IX. 222; culture of,
11.316,319; Riga, strength of its wood,
XXII. 603; Scotch, XIX. 103; of United
States, XXIII. 808; of California, IV.
704.
F1R.A.NDO, island, Japan, xill. 569.
FiRBOLGS, Irish legendary people, V.
299; xiH. 243; XV. 650.
FiRDOUSi, or Firdausi, Persian poet,
IX. 225; XViiL 656; patronage of, by
Mahmud, XV. 2S7; his place as epic
poet, XIX. 267.
Fire, element, IX. 227; acquaintance of
I early man with, VI 1 1. 617; in mytho-
1 logy, XVII. 158; XIX S07; sacred, of
I Zoroastrians, xxiv. 193; traditions
F I R — F L A
163
concerning, XI. 679; Kant's Thoughts
on, XIII. 847.
Fire, Fires, Destructive (\vith list of
fires), IX. 233; in coal mines, vi. 74;
construction of houses for protection_
against, iv. 453; extinction of, IX. 235;
in Chicago (1871), V. 6ij; in London,
XIV. 826, 848. ,
Fireball, Meteoric, xvi. 108; XXIII.
33°-
Fire-Balloons, i. 206.
Fire-Bricks, IX. 238.
Fire Brigades, ix. 237.
Fire-Clay, ix. 23S.
Fire-Damp, in mines, XVL 194, 455.
Fire-Engines, ix. 235.
Fire-Escapes, IX. 236.
Fire-Fly, xviii. 814.
Fire Insurance, xiii. 161.
Fire Marble, mineral, xvi. 397.
FIREN2E (Florence, q.v.), town, Italy,
IX. 330.
FirenzuoLA, Agnolo, Italian noet, IX.
240.
Fireplace, xxiI. 579; in relation to
smoke abatement, XXIL i8i; ventila-
tion .by, XXIV. 159.
Fireproof Cloth, ii. 675.
Fireproof Safes, xxi. 144.
Fire-Raising, crime, 11. 635.
Fire-Stealing, in mythology, xvil.
158; XIX. 807.
Firetail, bird, XX. 317.
Fire Tricks, in magic, XV. 208.
Fireworks, xx. 134.
Firle Beacon, Sussex, England, xxii.
723.
Firmianus, Lucius Cselius, early
Christian writer, XIV. 195.
Firmicus, Matemus Julius, Latin writer,
IX. 2'4i; XV. 489.
FiRMKESS, in phrenology, XVIII.
845.
FiRMUM PiCENUM (Fermo), ancient
town, Italy, ix. 98.
FiROZPUR, district, India, IX. 241; XX.
109; town, IX. 241.
FiROZ Shah, Monument of, at Gaur,
Bengal, X. 115.
Firoz-Shahr, India, Battlo of (1845),
XX. 112.
First Impressions of England and
her People, Hugh Miller's work,
XVI. 319.
riRSTLiNGS, Sacrificial offerings of,
XVIII. 343.
Firth, or Estuary, xxi. 579; formation
of, X. 257.
FiRUZ-KoH, ancient town, Afghanistan,
X. 570.
FiSA, or Visions, in Irish literature, V.
310; in 'Welsh, V. 326.
F.SCHART, Johannes, German satirist,
IX. 242; X. 528.
FISCHERITE, mineral, XVI. 40,.
Fischer von Erlach, Viennese aichi-
tect, XXIV. 220.
Fish, Fishes, xil 630; xix. 126;. hypo-
thetical primitive form, XXI v. 181 1
blinij, of Mammoth Cave, U.S.A., XV.
450; works on development of, VIII.
16S; electric, VIL 694; VIII. 8; XII.
649, 694; XX. 299; XXII. 68; fossil,
Agassiz's researches on, I. 275; marine,
distribution of, VII. 280, 2S2; mimicry
in, XVL 343; olfactory organs of, XXII.
166; poisonous, XV. 7S2; reproduction
of, XX. 409; skeleton of, XXII. 106;
spawning of, IX. 244; taxidermy of,
XXIIL 90; organs of touch in, XXIII.
478 ; transport of, IX. 243 ; of Amer-
ica, I. 684 ; of Himalayas, XI. 834 ;
of India, XII. 743 ; in Lankester's
classification, XXI v. 8 1 2.
Fish-Crow, bird, xiii. 533.
Fish-Culture, XIX. 126; xxi. 226.
Fisher, or Fisher Marten, xv. 577;
skins of, IX. 838.
, James, Scottish divine, XXIII. 728.
, John, bishop of Rochester, IX. 242;
vin. 414; beheaded, vin. 335.
, Mary, English Quakeress, xx, 148,
152.
Fisheries, Sea, ix. 243; mackerel, xv.
160; mussel, XVIL no; oyster, xviii.
107; pearl oyster, XVIII. 446; pilchard,
Cornwall, VL 426; seal, XXI. 581;
sponge, xxn. 428; sword-fish, XXII.
804; whale, XXIV. 526; whitebait,
XXIV. 550; of Canada, IV. 774; xx.
166; of England, vin. 233; of Holland,
XII. 67 ; of Kinsale, Ireland, Vi. 403 ;
cf Labrador, XIV. 176; of Maine,
U.S.A., XV. 300; of Newfoundland,
XVIL 384; of Queensland, XX. 174; of
Russia, XXI. 85 ; of the Volga, XXIV.
2 So.
Fishermen, Laws relating to, xxi.
607.
Fishery Boards and Commissions,
XIX. 129.
Fishery Laws, ix. 268; as affecting
rivers, XX. 565 ; with reference to
salmon, XXI. 225.
Fishes, xil 630. See under Fish, above.
Fish-Eye Problem, in optics, xiv. 599.
Fishguard, town, Wales, xviii. 482.
Fish-Hawk, bird, xvin. 56.
Fishing Boats, ix. 246.
Fishing-Frog, fish, ix. 269; xii. 690.
Fishing Hooks and Tackle, for
angling, II. 32, 33, 38.
Fishing Nets, xvii. 35S.
Fish Moth, destructive insect, in Natal,
XVIL 241.
Fish Oil, xvii. 744, 747.
Fish-Plates, Railway, xx. 242.
FisK University, Nashville, "Tennessee,
U.S.A., xvii. 236.
FissiPEDiA, suborder of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 433.
Fissurella, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
645.
Fistula, in surgery, ix. 270.
FISTULARIID.S:, group of fishes, 3UtI.
548.
Fitch, skin of polecat, IX. 838.
, John, American steamboat in-
ventor, IX. 270.
, Ralph, English traveller, IX. 270.
Fitchburg, town. Massachusetts,
U.S.A., IX. 270.
Fitchet, or Polecat, xix. 332.
Fithcheal, Irish game, v. 597.
Fitness, Stoic doctrine of, xxii. 56Si
Fits, EpQeptic, viii. 479.
FiTTON, Irish chancellor, XIII. 26^.
Fitz Alwin, Henry, first mayor of
London, XIV. 844.
Fitzgerald, Lord Edvard, leader o£
United Irishmen, IX. 270.
, Maurice, first earl of Desmond,
XIII. 260.
, Lord Thomas, Irish leader, IX. 271.
Fitzgeralds, of Desmond, noble Irish
family, VI. 404.
Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, English
judge, IX. 271 ; his Book of Husbandry,
I. 295.
, Maria, her marriage with George
IV., X. 427.
FITZINGER, L., on reptiles, XX, 43$.
Fitzmaurice, Henry Petty, third mar-
quis of Lansdowne, XIX. 148.
, WQliam Petty, fiirst marquis of
Lansdowne, English statesman, xiv.
289.
Fitz Osbert, WiUiam, Sedition of, in
London, Viii. 305.
Fitz Ralph, Richard, bishop of Armagh,
Ireland, XV. 543; xxiv. 709.
Fitzroy, river, Queensland, XX. 171.
, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
XV. 836.
, Henry, natural son of Henry VIII.
of England, XXII. 694.
, Robert, English admiral, hydro-
grapher, and meteorologist, IX. 271.
Fitzstephen, Wniiam, English his-
torian, IX. 273; his description of
London (1184), XIV. 844.
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge,
England, IV. 729.
Fiume, town, .Hungary, IX. 273; in.
121; XII. 363.
FiUMiciNO, town, Italy, xviii. 61.
Five Mile Act (1665), England, vin.
348; XIX. 690.
Five Nations, American-Indian -con-
federacy, XVII. 454.
Fives, game, ix. 273.
, to^-n, France, IX. 273.
Fix, Theodore, French political econo-
mist, IX. 273.
Fixed Oils, xvil 739.
Fixed Stars, il 816,
Fixtures, in law, ix. 274; in land
tenure, xiv. 274.
Fjords, of Scandinavia, xvii. 576;
XXII. 737; formation of, X. 257.
Flaccus, Caius Valerius, Roman poQ,'
164
F L A — F L O
IX. 274; his place in Eoman literature,
XX. 726.
Flacius, Matthias, German theologian,
IX. 275; on churcli Mstory, V. 765; on
Lutheran theology, xv. 85.
Flacourt, Edeune de, French governor
of Madagascar, IX. 275.
Flag, or Iris, genus of plants, IX. 279.
, Flags, Military and naval, ix.
276; tnighfs, XIV. 117; of United
States, xxili. 742; signals by means
of, XXll. 49.
Flagellants, self-chastising frater-
nities, IX. 2S0.
Flagellata, class of Protozoa, xix.
856.
Flageolet, musical instrtunent, ix.
351-
Fl-agstaff Mine, Utah, U.S.A., xxin.
815.
Flahaut de la Billarderie, Auguste
C. J., Comte de, French general and
diplomatist, IX. 281; xvi. 829.
Flakst.ado, island, Norway, Xiv. 769.
Flambard, Eanulph or Ealph, bishop'
of Durham, ix. 28 1 ; viii. 303; xvn. 54S ;
minister of William Eufus, xxiv. 577.
Flamberg, German sword, xxil. 803.
Flamboyant, in architecture, 11. 431,
464.
Flame, ix. 282.
, Singing, I. 115.
Flamel, Nicolas, French alchemist, IX.
285.
Flame Manometer, i. 115, 117.
Flamen, Eoman priest, ix. 285- xix.
455-
DIALIS, priest of Juuiter, XIIL 780;
XXIIL 18.
Flamingo, bird, ix. 286.
Flamini.'vn JVay, Eoman road, Italy,
XX. 555.
FlAMlNlNUS, Titus Quinctius, Eoman
general and statesman, IX.' 287; XX.
752.
Flaminius, Caius, Eoman consid
(223 B.C.), IX. 2S8; XX. 749.
, Caius, EtJman consul (187 B.C.),
IX. 2S9.
Flamsteed, John, English astronomer,
-IX. 2S9; n. 756; XVII. 257.
Flanders, coimtship, Netherlands, ix.
290; provinces, Belgium, iii. 515.
Flandrin, Jean Hippolyte, French
painter, IX. 291.
Fl.\nnel, woollen stuff, ix. 292.
Flasque, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Flatbush, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., ix. 292; xiv. 866
Flat-Fish, IX. 292.
Flat He.ad, fish, xil 686.
Flatlands, tovra. Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
FlAVEL, John, English theologian, ix..
292.
Flavian I.-II., patriarchs of Antioch,
iX. 293.
Flavian, patriarch of Constantinople,
IX. 293.
Palace, at Eome, xx. 823.
Flavigny, Valerien, French Hebraist,
IX. 293.
Flavin, dyestuff, ix. 293; xx. 175.
Flavionavia (Avile*), ancient town,
Spain, IlL 157.
Fl.\vius, the Armenian (Leo V.),
emperor of the East, xiv. 453.
, the Isaurian (Leo III.), emperor
of the East, Xiv. 452.
, Magnus (Leo I.), emperor of the
East, XIV. 452.
, Porphyrogenitus (Constantine
VU.), emperor of the East, VI. 301.
, Sapiens (Leo VI.), emperor of the
East, XIV. 453.
Vopiscus, Augustan historian, III.
74-
Flax, plant and fibre, IX. 293, 133;
culture of, L 3S0; manufacture of , Xiv.
663 ; of New Zealand (Phormimn),
XVIIL 812.
Flaxm.an, John, English sculptor, ix.
298; XXI. 560.
Fl-ax Spinning, Girard's machines for,
X. 620.
Flea, insect, IX. 300; xili. 150;
Leeuwenhoek's study of, XIV. 411.
FlIchier, Esprit, bishop of Nlmes, poet
and preacher, IX. 301.
Flecknoe, Eichard, English poet and
dramatist, IX. 302.
Fleece, of wool, i. 399; xxiv. 656.
Fleet, river and ditch, London, Xiv.
818, 850; XVL 279.
, British, Officers of the, XVll. 291.
Street, Lorj^on, xiv. 848.
Fleetnvood, town, England, IX. 302.
, Charles, lor^ deputy of Ireland,
IX. 302.
, William, bishop of Ely, IX. 303.
Fleitm.ann, his method of working
nickel, xvii. 488.
Fleming, John, on animal classification,
XVIIL 15, 18.
, Paul, German poet, IX. 303; x.
53°-
Flemish Language, xii. 85; diction-
aries of, VIL 1 87.
Flemming, Eichard, bishop of Lincoln,
IX. 303.
Flensbijrg, town, Prussia, IX. 304;
XXL 415.
Flers, town, France, xviii. 2.
Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun, Scottish
■ politician, IX. 304; XXJ. 519.
, Giles (1548-1610), English poet,
IX. 304.
, GUes (i 584-1623), English writer,
IX. 304.
, Isaac, his observatory, Tambank,
England, XVII. 711.
, John, English dramatist^ IIL 469;
VIL 432; XVIIL 347..
, Phineas, English post, IX. 305.
Fleuranges, Eobert de la Marck,
Seigneur de, French marshal "and his-
torian, IX. 305.
Fleur-de-Lis, heraldic dev-ice, IX. 306.
Fleury, France, Library of monastery
at, XIV. 513.
, Andre Hercule de, Frencn car-
dinal and statesman, ix. 306, 585.
, Claude, French ecclesiastical his-
torian, IX. 306.
Flexure, of a beam or rod, vii. 808.
Flevder, on flying, L .186.
Fliedner, Theodore, German philan-
thropist, IX. 307; his institution of
oisters of Charity, XIII. 825.
Fliegende Hollander, Der, Wagner's
opera, XXIV. 314.
Flies, class of insects, vii. 255; xii.
317; mimicry in, XVI. 343.
, Artificial, for angling, n. 44.
, House, XIII. 150.
Flight, Laws of, ix. 308.
Flinck, Govert, Dutch painter, ix.
324-
Flinders, Matthew, English navigator,
IX. 324 ; his explorations in Austral-
asia, III. 104; X. igo.
Flint, mineral, ix. 325; x. 239; xvi.
389-
, county, Wales, ix. 326; population
and representation, XXIII. 727; coal-
field, VI. 52; town, IX. 327.
, Timothy, American divine and
writer, IX. 327.
Gl-ASS, Manufacture of, X. 663.
We.\pons, il 337, 553.
Flocculi, of spider's silk, II. 296.
Flodden, England, Battle of (1513),
XIII. 557; XXL 497.
Flodoard, French chronicler, ix. 328.
Flood, The, of Scripture, vii. 55.
, Henry, Irish orator and politician,
IX. 328.
RocK,New York Harbour, Blasting
of, XXIII. 622.
Floods, in rivers, xil. 502; xx. 571.
Floor Cloth, ix. 329 ; xiv. 676.
Flooring, in buUding, iv. 452, 455,
4S2, 493; tiles for, XXIII. 3S9.
Flor, Eoger di, military adventurer,
IX. 330.
Flor.\, in Eoman mythology, IX. 330.
, of different countries. Grouping
and distribution of,- vii. 2S6.
Floral Games, Academy of, Toulouce,
L 69.
Flor.\lia, Eoman festival, IX. 350.
Florence, to^vu, Italy, ix. 330; xx.
275; as a republic, xin. 479; counci]
of (1439). XIX. 503; in time of Dante,
VI. 810; Medici family, XV. 783; its
rivalry ■n'ith Pisa, xix 120; in time oi
Savonarola, XXI. 334; its wars with
Siena, xxiL 39, 41; academy of, I.
74 ; Accademia del Cimento, I. 70;
banking in. III. 316; baptistery, XIX.
122; bridge, rv. 332; cathfidral, II.
F L 0 — F O N
165
436; campanile of cathedral, 11. 456;
coins, XVII. 656; cupula of church of S.
Maria del Fiore, iv. 399; dialect of,
XHI. 497 ; libraries, XIV. 530, 548;
majolica ware, XIX. 628; nobQity of,
XVII. .528; observatory at, XVII. 714;
its school of painting, XXI. 434, 442;
picture galleries, XXI. 446; porcelain,
XIX. 636; sculptures, XX. 589; XXI.
567; terra-cotta art, XXIII. 194; uni-
versity, XXIII. 837.
Florence, toMrp, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XVII. 558.
of Worcester, English chronicler,
IX. 337-
Florentia (Florence\ ancient tovra,
Italy, IX. 333.
Florentine D1.A.MOND, VII. 166.
Flores, island, Indian Archipelago, IX.
337-
, island, Azores, Atlantic, III. 172.
, to^vn, Guatemala, XI. 239.
Florez, Enricjue, Spanish historian, IX.
337-
Florian, patron saint of Poland, IX.
337-
, Jean Pierre Claris de, French poet
and romancist, ix. 337; xviii. 348.
Florida, State, U.S.A., ix. 338; popu-
lation, xxill. 802; orange culture in,
xvn. 811.
Florida-Blanca, Count of, Spanish
statesman, IX. 341; xxii. 340.
FLORIDE.B, order of plants, XXIV. 127.
Florido, Venetian algebraist, I. 513.
Florinus, Polycarp'a letter to, XIX.
414.
Florio, Giovanni, English lexicographer
and translator, IX. 341; teacher and
friend of Shakespeare, XXI. 756.
Floris I.-V., counts of Holland. XII.
71-
, Frans, Flemish sculptor and
painter, IX. 342.
Florus, Eoman historian, IX. 342.
, Gessius, Roman procurator in
Judaea, XIII. 427.
Floscularia, genus of Eotifera, xxi. 4,
Flotation, Position of animals in, IX.
309-
Flotsam, in English law, ix. 342; v.
787.
Flotta, island, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
Flounder, fish, ix. 342.
Flour, Manufacture of, ix; 343; iii.
251; XV. 310; adulteration of, I. 171.
Flourens, Gustave, French communist
and writer, IX. 347.
, Marie Jean Pierre, French physio-
logist, IX. 347.
Flower, of plants, defined and de-
scribed, IV. 126; Xll. 215; XX. 424.
Flower-de-Luce, genua of plants, IX.
279.
Flower Garden, xii. 247.
Flowering, of plants,, iv. 12J.
Flowers, Artificial, IX. 348.
OF the Forest, Scottish ballad,
VI. 98.
Flovd-Carroll-Gravson Plateau,
Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 256.
Floyer, Sir John, English physician
and ^vriter, ix. 349.
Fludd, Robert, English physician and
mystic, IX. 349.
Fluellite, mineral, XVI. 384.
Flugel, Gustav Lebrecht, German
Orientalist, IX. 349.
, Johaun Gottfried, German lexico-
grapher, IX. 349.
Fluid, Fluids, xii. 435; definition and
physical properties of, VI. 310; XIX.
240; friction of, XIX. 247; motion of
surface of, XV. 753; theory of motion
of. III. 43; resistance of, XXI. 810;
surface-tension of, V. 56.
Fluke, parasitic worm, xxill. 555;
XXIV. 205.
Fluocerite, mineral, xvi. 383.
Fluorescence, source of light, xrv.
579, 602; IX. 350; in crystals, XVI.
376.
Fluorescin, chemical compound, xviii.
855.
Fluorine, chemical element, ix. 349;
V. 490.
Fluor Spar, or Fluorite, mineral, ix.
349; X. 228; XVL 383; as a flux, xvi.
62.
Flushing, town, HoUand, ix. 350;
population, XXIV. 772.
, town. Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., IX. 350; XIV. 866.
Flute, musical instrument, ix. 350;
XXIII. 519.
FLUTE-MOITTH, fish, XXII. 548.
Fluxes, in smelting ores, xvi. 62; in
iron smelting, XIII. 295.
Fluxions, in mathematics, XIII. 8, 10;
Newton's invention of, XVII. 446;
Maclaurin's discussion of, XV. 161.
Fly, insect, VII. 255; xn. 317; Xlll. 150;
proboscis of, XXIII. 478.
, river. New Guinea, XVII. 386.
Flycatcher, bird, IX. 351.
Fly-Fishing, II. 36; hooks for, 11. ^^t
38.
Flying, ix. 310; attempts at, i. 186.
Dove, of Archytas, I. 185.
Dutchman, legend, xiil. 674.
Dutchman, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
314.
Flying-Fish, ix. 352; xii. 693.
Flying-Fox, bat, ix. 352, 310.
Flying Gurnard, fish, xii. 690.
Flying Lemur, insectivorous mammal,
XV. 401.
Flying Machines, ix. 308, 317; i.
186, 202.
Fly-Wheel, XV. 769; of steam-engine,
xxii. 509, 511.
Foca, island, Peru, XVIII. 671.
Focal Lines, in optics, xvii. 799.
Fceder.4, Rymet's historical collection,
XXI. 119.
Fceniculum, genus of plants, ix. 76.
Fcetus, Circulation of the blood in,
XXIV. 108; syphilis in, XXII. 687.
in Fcetu, monstrosity, XVI. 766.
Fog, London, xiv. 827; causes of, xxll.
1 8a
Fogaras, town, Hungary, IX. 353.
Fog-Bow, or Fog-Eater, halo, XI. 399.
Fogelberg, Benedict Erland, Swedish
sculptor, IX. 353.
Foggia, town, Italy, ix. 353; province.
(Capitanata), v. 73.
FOGO, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
Fog Signals, xxil 49.
FOHN, local wind, Switzerland, xxil.
777-
Fohr, island, Schleswig-Holstein, XXL
414.
Foil, thin sheet-copper, IX. 353.
, Fencing, IX. 69.
FoiX, town, France, IX. 353.
, Counts of, IX 354; II. 18.
, Paul de, French prelate and dip-
lomatist, IX. 354.
Fokshan, town, Roumania, IX. 354.
FOLARD, Jean Charles de, French
writer on tactics, IX. 355.
Folc-Land, or Folk-Land (q-v.), in
English law, IX. 357.
FOLDVAR, town, Hungary, IX. 355.
Folengo, Teofilo, Italian poet, ix. 355.
Foley, John Henry, British sculptor,
IX. 355.
Foligno, town, Italy, IX. 356.
Folk-Books, xviii. 204.
Folkes, Martin, English antiq^uary, IX.
356-
Folkestone, town, England, ix. 356,
XIV. 39.
Folk-Land, in English law, ix. 357,
305; viii. 275; Saxon, xviii. 302.
Folk-Lore, IX. 357 ; in relation to
mythology, xvii. 144 j magical sur-
vivals in, XV. 204 ; totemism in,
xxill. 467; Indian, xviii. 660.
FOLK-SONGS, III. 283.
FoLLEN, August Ludwig, German poet,
IX. 359-
, Charles, German poet and theo-
logian, IX. 359.
Follett, Sir William Webh, English
lawyer, IX. 359.
Follicle, form of fruit, iv. 151.
Follower, in applied mechanics, xv.
755-
Folquet, of Marseilles, Provencal poet,
XIX. 874.
FOMORIANS, of Irish legend, v. 300;
XIIL 243.
Fonblanque, Albany William, Engbfib
political writer, IX. ;6o.
Fondants, French comfit, vi. 257. .
Fond du Lac, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
IX. 361; population, xxiv. 617.
FoNDi, town, Italy, ix. 361.
166
FONS Castalius (Castalia), fountain,
Parnassus, Greece, v. iS6; vii. 52.
FONS Ebraldi (Fontevrault), ancient
town, France, IX. 365,
FONSECA, Bay of, Honduras, XII. 130.
Font-, Baptismal, IX. 361 ; in archi-
tecture, II. 464.
Fontaine, Jpan de la (La Fontaine,
q.v.), FrencTi poet, XIV. 203.
, Pierre Franijois Leonard, French
architect, ix. 362.
FONTAINEBLEAU, tovra, France, IX.
363; XXI. 625.
FONTANA, Carlo, Italian arcliit«ct, XX.
836.
, Domenico, Italian architect, IX.
363; II. 439.
, Lavinia, Italian painter, IX. 363.
, Niccolo Tartaglia, Italian mathe-
matician, XXIII. 68.
, Prospero, Italian painter, IX. 364.
FONTANES, Louis, Marquis de, French
poet, IX. 364.
FONT.^NET, or Fontenay, France, Battle
of (841), IX. 533; XV. 9.
FONTARABIA, tovra, Spain, IX. 810.
FONTENAY, France, Battle of (841), IX.
533; XV. 9.
, Lefivrede, French journalist, XVII.
424.
, Theresa, Comtesse de, XXIII. 33.
FONTENAV-LE-COMTE, town, France,
IX. 364.
FoNTENELLE, Bernard le Bovier de,
French writer, IX. 364, 664.
FONTENOV, Belgium, Battle of (1745),
VI. 705; IX. 586; XXI. 346.'
FONTEVRAUD, Order of, monks and
auns, XVI. 709.
Fontevrault, town, France, ix. 365.
Foo-Chow, town, China, IX. 812.
Food, viii. 616; dietetics, vii. 200;
cookery of, VI. 331; digestion of, XVII.
669; gelatinous, x. 132; laws against
luxurious, XXII. 644; milk as, XVI.
303; poisonous, XV. .781; preserved,
XIX. 707; supply of, in Great Britain,
Vl. 415; tabooerl XXIII. 16. 468; of
plants, XIX. 48,
Fool, jester, ix. 30(5
Foot, Anatomy of the numan, 1. S30,
joints and muscles of, I. 841; club-foot,
VI. 42; redundant or defective toes on,
tvi. 762; of mammals, xv. 360.
' , measure of length, xxiv. 483.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease, xvii. 60.
Football, game, ix. 367.
Foote, Samuel; English dramatist and
actor, IX. 368; vii. 438.
Foot-Pound, unit for measurement of
work, VIII. 206; XV. 700.
Footsteps of the Creator, Hugh
JliUer's work, XVI. 320.
Footways, in strsets, xx. 5SS.
Fopp.^, Vincenzo, Italian painter, IX.
371; XXI. 437.
Forage Crops, Culture of, i. 370.
F O N — F O R
Foraminifera, IX. 371; distribution
of, VII. 277, 283.
Forbach, town, German Lorraine, IX.
387-
Forbes, Alexander Penrose, bishop of
Brechin, IX. 387. '
, David, English chemist and geo-
logist, IX. 388.
- — , Duncan, of Culloden, Scottish
lawyer and statesman, IX. 3S8.
;, Edward, English naturalist, IX.
389-
, James David, Scottish natural
philosopher, IX. 390; on the motion of
glaciers, X. 629.
• , Sir John, physician and writer, IX.
393; XV. 816.
, William Alexander, on birds, XVIII.
39-
Forbidden Fruit (Shaddock), xxi.
727
FORBIN, Claude de, French naval com-
mander, IX. 393.
, Comte de, French painter, XI. 48.
Force, in dynamics, VIL 58 1 ; XV. 676,
746, 764; electric, VIII. :o; its equival-
ent of heat, XI. 558 ; as the product of
heat, XXIII. 283; measure of, vn. 584;
XV. 698; Kant on the theories of, XIII.
847; Leibnitz's doctrine of, XIV. 421.
Forcellini, Egidio, Italian philologist,
IX. 393.
Forchhammer, Johan Georg, Danish
mineralogist, IX. 393.
Forchhammerite, mineral, xvi. 415.
FORCHHEIM, town, Bavaria, IX. 394.
Forcible Entry, Law of, vi. 583.
Ford, Horace A., archer, II. 373.
, John, .English dramatist, IX. 394;
vn. 432.
, Richard, English writer en Spain,
IX. 396.
, Thomas, Ei^Ush musician, IX.
396.' ^ .
FORDUN,' Johii of, Scottish historian, IX.
397- ^ __
Forehead, Bone of the, I. 824-
FOREIGN , Enlistment * Acts?, xm.
196.
Foreigners, in Roman law, xx. 695.
Forensic Costume, vi. 476.
Forensic Medicine, xv. 778.
Forensic Rhetoric, xx. 511.
Foreordination, in theology, xix.
668.
FORESITE, mineral, XVI. 423
Forest Administration, ix. 397
Forestalling, of corn, Laws against, i.
29S; VI. 412.
Forest Districts, Switzerland, xxii.
782.
Foresters, Ancient Order of, ix. 782.
Forest Law, English, ix. 409.
Forest of Dean, district, Gloucester,
England, x. 687, 689; coalfield of, VI.
50.
Forests, ix. 397; their effect on climate.
VI. 4; submerged, x. 256; American,
distribution of, I. 676; of Africa, 1.
252; European, vin. 692; of India,
XII. 753; of Kentucky, XIV. '43; of
the United States, XXIII. 807.
Forez, mountains; France, xx. no;
plain, XIV. 807.
Forfar, county, Scotland, ix. 410;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727; town, IX. 412.
FORFICULA, genus of insects, VII. 612.
Forficulid^, order of insects, vil.
613; XIII. 153
Forge, for iron, IX. 412; its history,
XIII. 290.
Forgery, in English law, IX. 413
, Literary, in ancient times, I. 461.
Forges, Evariste Desir^ de, Vicomte de
Pamy, French poet, xviii. 318.
Forges-lks-Eaux, spa, France, xvi.
434- ^
F0RGET-ME..N01, plant, IX. 414; XII.
252.
Forging Machines, ix. 413.
Forkel, Johann' Kikolaus, Germa»
musician,- IX. 414.
Forli, town, Italy, IX. 414; district,
XX. 560.
, Melozzo da, Italian painter, IX. 414.
Forlimpopoli, town, Italy, ix. 415.
Form, Abstract idea of, XV. 629.
FoRMAN, Simon, English phy^cia»
and astrologer, IX. 415.
FORMARTIN, district, Scotland. I. 43.
Forme, Printer's, xxill. 700.
FoRMENTARA, one of the Baleari*
Islands, Spain, III. 278.
FORMEY, Johann Heinrich Samuel,
German writer, IX. 415.
FORMI.A, town, Italy, IX. 415.
Formica, genus of insects, II. 94.
Formosa, island, China, ix. 415; U
687; V. 636; birds of. III. 762; cam-
phor production, IV. 761; Psalman-
azar's work on, XX. 28.
FORMOSUS, Pope, IX. 4.18.
Formular System, in Roman law,
XIX. 707.
FOROJULIUM (Friuli). ancient town,
Italy, IX. 790. ^
Forres, to^vn, ScDtlan'd, Vlll. 130
FORS, constitution of B&m, Franc«
III. 465.
Forskal, Peter, Swedish naturalist anc
philosopher, ix. 418.
FORST, town, Prussia, IX. -418.
Forster, Francois, French engravei
IX. 418.
, G. S., on birds, XVlIl. 8.
, Johann Georg Adam, Gerina»
naturalist, iX. 418.
., John, English historian and critic
IX. 419.
, John R., on birds, xviii. 8.
Forster, Friedrich, German historian,
IX. 418.
Forsterite, mineral, xvi. 410
F O R — F O W
1G7
Forsyth, WiUiam, on the origin of
trial by jury, XIII. 7S4.
Fort, Construction of a, Ix. 433, 434.
FORTALEZA (Ceara), town, Brazil. V.
282.
Fort Carillon, New York, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 352.
Fort de France, tovm, Martinique,
West Indies, ix. 420;. xv. 586.
Fort de Kock, Sumatra, xxii. 639.
Fort;ebraccio, Nicola, Roman captain,
XX. 805.
Fort Edmonton, Canada, xv. 490.
Fortescue, Sir John, English lawyer,
IX. 420; VIIL 4,16.
Forth, river, Scotland, ix. 420; xxii.
553-
Bridge, Scotland, xx. 234.
Fortification, ix. 421 (index, 46S>; of
ancient Home, xx. 812.
Fort Naryn, Syr-Daria, Central Asia,
xxiL 8 1 8.
Fortress, Armament of a, ix. 454.
Fortrose, town, Scotland, ix. 468.
Fort Scott, town, Kansas, U.S.A.,
XIII. S44.
Fort Sumter, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
Surrender of (1S61), XXIIL 774.
Fortuna, Eoman goddess, ix. 468;
temple of, at Praeneste, xix. 654; at
Rome, n. 417; XX. 827.
FORTUNATUS, legendary hero, IX.
468.
, Venantius H. C, bishop of Poi-
tiers, Latin poet, IX. 469; as hymn-
■writer, XII. 582.
Fortune Bay, Newfoundlnd, xvii.
382.
Fortune-Telling, Laws against, xv.
204; XXIV. 622.
Fortuny, Mariano, Spanish painter,
XXI. 440, 443.
Fort Wayne, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
IX. 469.
Fort Worth, town, Texas, U.S.A.,
XXIIL 205.
Forum, at Pompeii, XIX'. 44b.
—. — , at Rome, IX. 469; XX. 813, 815,
825; architectiire of, II. 419.
CoRNELll (Imola), ancient town,
Italy, XIL 717.
JULII (Cividale), ancient town,
Italy, V. 797.
JULII (Frejus), ancient town,
France, IX. 767.
JULil (Friuli), ancient to^m, Italy,
IX. 790.
Livil (Forli), ancient town, Italy,
IX. 414.
FosBROKE, Thomas Dudley, English
antiquary, IX. 469.
Foscari, FrancessD, doge of Venice, IX.
470; XIII. 48a
FOSCARINI, Antonio, Venetian con-
spirator, XXIV. 147.
, Qiacomo, Venetian statesman, xi.
Foscarjni, Mareo, dogo of Venice, his-
torian, IX. 471.
, Michele, Venetianhistorian, IX. 47 1 .
FOSCOLO, Ugo, Italian writer, IX. 471;
vn. 417; XIII. 513.
Foss, Edward, English legal writer, IX.
472.
, H. H., Norwegian poet, xvii. 591.
Fossano, town, Italy, IX. 472.
, Anibrogio Stefani da (II Bor-
gognone), Italian painter, IX. 472 ;
XXL 437.
Fobs Dyke, the oldest British canal,
IV. 783.
Fosse, in fortification, ix. 444.
, War of the, Arabia (627), xvi. 556.
Fossils, in geology, x. 319; the oldest
known, IX. 384; birds, IIL 728; fishes,
XII. 666 ; mammals, XV. 375 (and
article Mammalia throughout); of
America, I. 682.
Fossombrone, town, Italy, ix. 473.
FOSSOMBRONI, Vittorio, Italian states'
man and mathematician, IX. 473.
Fossores, or Grave-Diggers, of the Cata
combs, v. 214.
FosswAY, Eoman remains, Lincolnshire,
England, xiv. 656.
Foster, John, English essayist, ix,
473-
, Stephen Collins, American song'
writer, IX. 475.
I Fosterage, under Brehon Law, in Ire^
land, IV. 253.
FOTHERGILL, John, English physician,
IX. 475; XV. 815.
FOTHERINGAY CASTLE, Northampton.
England, xvil. 557; confinement of
Mary, queen of Scots, at, XV. 601.,
FoucAULT, Jean Bernard L^on, French
physicist, IX. 475; his experiment
showing the earth's rotation, x. 197;
on radiation, xx. 215.
FoucH^, Joseph, French minister of
police, IX. 476; his relations with
Wellington, XXIV. 497.
FOUCHER, Simon, French sceptic, IX.
478.
FOUGASSE, in military mining, IX. 464.
FOUGERES, town, France, IX. 478
FouLA, island, Shetland, Scotland, xvu.
846.
FouLAHS, or Fulahs, Negro race, Africa,
XVI1..319; I. 263; XXIL 248,278,279.
FouLD, Achille, French financier, IX.
478.
FOULDREY Castle, Lancashire, Eng-
land, XIV. 254.
Fouus, Andrew and Robert, Scottish
printers anci publishers, IX. 479; their
editions of the classics, in. 657.
FOULQUES, Qui (Pope Clement IV.), v.
821.
Foumart, or Polecat, XIX..332.
Foundations, in building, iv. 452,
456; under water, iv. 326.
Founding, casting metal, IX. 470.
Foundling Hospitals, ix, 4S1.
i FouNDUNG Wheel, in Itah-, xiiL
449.
Foundry Operations, ix. 479; xiii.
355-
Fountain, spring of water, ix. 484.
FouNTAlNfe, Sir Andrew, collector of
majolica ware, xix. 628.
Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, Eng-
land, I. 18, 19; XXIV. 749.
Fountains OF Moses, hot wells, Sinai,
Arabia, II. 236.
FovQvi., Friedrich Heinrich Karl,
Baron de la Motte, German writei-,
IX. 486; X. 542; hymns by, XIL 588.
FOUQUET, Nicolas, ■ French financier
and statesman, ix. 487, 574; patron
of La Fontaine, xiv. 204.
FoUQUIER-TlNViLLE, Antoine Quentin,
French Revolutionist, IX. 488.
FouRAH Bay College, Sierra Leone,
West Africa, xxil. 45.
Four Books, of China, v. 661.
Fourchambault, town, France, ix.
488; XVII. 496.
FOURCROY, Antoine Franyois, Comte
de, French chemist, IX. 4S8.
Four Georges, The, by Thackeray,
XXIIL 216.
Fourier, Francois Charles Marie,
French socialist WTiter, IX. 489; XXII.
208.,
, Jean Baptiste Joseph, French
mathematician and physicist, ix. 490;
L 5 16; his theorem of simple harmonic
analysis, xv. 689; XVII. 105; on the
conduction of heat, XI. 578, 587; xvii.
738.
Four Masters, Annals cf the, v. 307,
326.
Fourment, Helena, Ruhens's second
wife, XXL 45.
Fourmont, Etienne, French Orientalist,
IX. 491.
, Michel, French Syriac scholar, IX.
491.
FOURNEYRON, Benoit, inventor of tur-
bine water-wheel, XIL 438.
Fournier, Pierre Simon, Frencn prin-
ter, IX. 491.
FOURrS, Marie, heroine at siege of
Peronne, France, xvill. 552.
Four Sons of Aymon, romance, xx.
652.
FouRViiRES, ancient building, Lyons,
France, xv. in.
FoussA, Malagasy cat, xv. 435.
Foveaux Strait, New Zealand, xva
467.
Fowl, Fowls, poultry, ix. 491; xix,
644; successive stages of cranium of,
III. 700; management 6f, I. 401.
Fowler, Charles, English architect, ix.
492.
, Jonn, inventor of steam plough,
IX. 492; i. 314.
: William, Scottish poet, IX. 492,
168
F O W— F R A
FowLERlTE, mineral, xvi. 4:7.
FOWLING-PlECE, gun, XL 279; XXI.
832.
FOWNES, George, English chemist, ix.
493-
Fox, carnivorous mammal, IX. 493; xv.
438; Arctic, colour of, xvi. 343; skins
of, IX. 838.
, Charles James, English statesman,
IX. 494; Vlll. 358; Burke's dissension
with, IV. 548; his relations with Pitt,
XIX. 137.
1^—-, George, founder of the Quakers,
IX. 500; XVII. 135; XX. 147, 152;
friend of Penn, XVIII. 496.
, Henry Eichard Vassall, Lord
Holland, xil. 99.
— — , Kate, American spiritualist, XXli.
405.
, Luke, Arctis explorer, XIX. 318.
, Eichard, bishop of Winchester. IX.
502.
, Sobert Were, his dip circle, XVI.
161.
— ^, Sir Stephen, English Eoyalist, IX.
494.
— — Bat, or Flying Fox, hat, IX. 352.
FoxDALE Mines, silver and lead. Isle
of Man, XV. 451.
FOXE, John, English martyrologist, IX.
502.
Foxglove, plant, vii. 237.
Foxhounds, vii. 329; xii. 314.
Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, North
Pacific, I. 480.
Fox-Shark, fish, xxl 777.
Fox-Talbot, William H., photographic
discoverer, XXIII. 27; XVlil. 824.
Fov, Maximilien Sebastien, Frenv,-
general and politician, IX. 503.
Foyle, river,-Ireland, VII. 361.
Fra Ambrogio (Paolo deUa Eobbia),
Florentine sculptor, XX. 591.
Fra Angelico (Fiesole, or Guido di
Vicchio), Italian painter, IX. 148, 772;
XXI. 434, 435, 442.
Fraas, Karl Nikolas, German botanist,
IX. 504.
Fra Bartolommeo (Baccio della
Porta), Italian painter, iii. 194; xxi.
442.
Fracastorio, Hieronymo, Italian phy-
sician and poet, IX. 504.
Fractions, in algebra, i. 529, 558; in
arithmetic, II. 529; decimal, use of, by
Napier, XVII. 185; by Stevinus, XXII.
546; -vnilgar, tables of, xxiii. 8, 13.
Fracture, in surgery, xxii. 6S:.
, of materials, by tension or com-
pression, XXII. 601.
, in minerals, its varieties, xvi.
379-
Fra Diamante, Italian painter, vii.
6z.
fra Diavolo, Italian brigand, ix. 504.
Fragaria, genus of plants, xii. 276;
XXII. 592.
Fra Giocondo, Veronese architect,
XXIV. 154, 172.
Fragmens Philosophiques, Cousin's
work, VI. 522.
Frahn, Christian Martin, German nu-
mismatist and Orientalist, IX. 504.
Fra Luca (Marco della Eobbia), Floren-
tine sculptor, XX. 591.
Frambcesia, disease, xxiv. 732.
Frames, for bridges, iv. 315.
Framing, in joinery, IV. 490, 493.
Framlingham, town, England, IX.
505; castle, XXII. 622.
FRAN9AIS, of Nantes, Count, French
politician and writer, IX. 505.
Francavilla, town, Italy, ix. 505.
France, ix. 505 (including geography
and statistics, 505; history, 527, see
below; language, 629; literature, 657;
index, 687); academies in, i. 70, 71,
77; architecture, II. 429, 441; army, II.
600; arsenals, II. 634; artillery, II. 658,
660, 665; Bank of, III. 337; institution
pf banks in, IV. 367; birds, XVIIL 17;
citizenship in, 1. 576; coalfields, VI.
55; Code Napol&n, vi. 105; coins,
XVII. 655; colonies, VL 159; drama,
Vll.423; drama in time of ComeiUe, vi.
420; fisheries, IX. 268; forests, IX. 402;
foundling hospitals, ix. 482; govern-
ment, XI. 14; history, IX. 527, see
below; irrigation works, XIIL 369;
Jansenist controversies in, xill. 566;
Jews in, XIII. 682; language, IX. 629;
land laws, xiv. 262; form of land
tenure, L 415; libraries, XI v. 513,
524, 545; Literature, IX. 637; mines,
XVI. 467; national debt, xvil. 246;
navy, xvil. 298; newspapers, xvii.
423; nobility, xvil. 530; xVllL 468;
observatories, XVII. 712; opium culti-
vation, XVII. 792; oyster culture, xviil.
107; periodicals, xvi 11. 539; police
system, Xix. 342 ; post office, XIX. 5S0;
Presbyterian Church, xix. 69J ; prison
system, xix. 759; railways, xx. 250;
settlements in India, 11. 702; xil. 799,
800, 804; settlement at New Orleans,
U.S.A, XVIL 403; technical schools,
XXJII. 108; university of, XXIII. 851;
wine industry, xxiv. 604.
, History of, ix. 527; conquest of
Algeria by, I. 566; colonization of
North America, I v. 766; protectorship
of Annam, XXIII. 440; war with
Austria, III. 130; the Carbonari in, v.
89 ; Colbert's financial reforms, VI.
121; war in the East (1799), xxiii.
648; Hundred Tears' war with Eng-
land, VIII. 318; Fouche's police ad-
ministration, IX. 476; Huguenots, XII.
337; invasion of Italy by (1492), XIII.
481; of Prussia (1806), XX. 11; inva-
sion of, by the Arabs, xvi. 576; II.
258; by William I. of Prussia (1870),
XXIV. 5S2; Inquisition established
in I. 487; suppression of Knights
Templars in, xxill. 164; government
of Louis PhUippe, XI. 269; in
time of Mazarin, xv. 652; under
Napoleonl., xvii. 192; under Napo-
leon III., XVIL 228; relations to
Normandy, xvii. 539; to the papacy,
VI. 241; Eeformation in, xx. 334;
Eenaissance pjriod, xx. 390; wars
with Enssia, xxi. 100, 102; connexion
with Tong-King, xxill. 440; relations
with the United States, ' xxilL 733,
742, 744, 755, 782.
France, Institute of, xiii. 160.
, Isle of, or Mauritius, xv. 639.
, The twelve peers of, XVin. 468.
Francesca, Piero de', Italian painter,
XIX. 82; XXL 435.
DA Rimini, daughter of Malatesta,
XX. 556.
Franceschi, or Francesca, Piero de',
Italian painter, Xix. 82; xxi. 435.
Franceschini, Baldassare, Italian
painter, ix. 687.
Francesco I., grand-duke of Tuscany,
XV. 791.
da Barberwo, mediaeval Italian
poet, xilL 501.
DI Puglia, Fra, his challenge to
Savonarola, xxi. 337.
Franceville, station. West Africa,
XVIL 733
Franche ComtE, province, France, IX.
687.
Franchina, Descartes's automaton. XV.
208.
Franchise, in law, ix. 688; parliamen-
tary, Briiish, xx. 344.
Francia (Francesco Eaibolini), Italian
painter, IX. 688; XXI. 437.
, Jose Caspar Eodriguez, dictator of
Paraguay, IX. 688.
Franciabigio (Francesco di Cristofano),
Italian painter, IX 689.
Francis, St, of Assisi, fouAder of Fraa
ciscan order, IX. 692; xiii. 500; XVL
710; stigmatization of, xxil. 549.
, St, of Paola, founder of order ol
Minims, IX. 695; XVI. 711.
, St, of Sales, devotional writer, IX
695. 654
I., emperor, IX. 691; X. 503.
1 1. (Francis I. of Austria), emperor,
IX. 691; his character, ill. 136.
I., emperor of Austria, IX. 691; in.
136.
I., king of France, IX. 689, 555; hit
relations with Henry VIII. of England,
XL 663; his rule in Italy, xiii. 482;
his attitude towards the Eeformation,
XX. 328, 334.
11., of France, tx. 691^ 559.
, duke of Guise, xi. 266.
, Alban, English Benedictine monk.
XVII. 444.
, Francis, on fly fishing, IL 37.
, Sir Philip, English politician and
writer, ix. 696; his alleged identity
F R A — F R £,
169
■with Juniua,.xiii. 776; his relations
with Burke, iv. 547.
i kancis-Armand, abbot of La Trappe,
XXIII. 524.
Francis Borgia, St, general of the
Jesuits, IX. 694.
Francisca, Prankish battle-axe, II.
555-
Franciscans, monastic order, ix. 698;
XVI. 710; their revolt against Pone
John XXII., XVII. 717.
Fr.\ncisque (Jean Francois Millet),
French painter, IX. 700.
Franck, Gabriel, Flemish paint«r, IX.
701.
, Johann, German hymn- writer, Xll.
587.
, Sebastian, German writer, IX. 701 ;
XVII. 134.
Francke, August Hermann, German
philanthropist and theologian, IX. 701;
VII. 675; X. 532; XIX. 83; his influence
on the university of Halle, XXIII.
847.
Francken, family of Flemish painters,
IX. 702.
Franco of Cologne, musical writer,
XVII. 81.
Franco-Gallia, Hotman's treatise, xil.
309-
Franco-German War (1870), x. 512;
XX. 13.
Francois de Neufchateau, Nicolas
Louis, Count, French statesman and
poet, IX. 703.
Francois de Paris, Jansenist, xili.
567.
Francolin, bird, xvni. 333.
Franconia, territorial division, Ger-
many, IX. 703; III. 453; xxiii. 331.
Fr.\ncus, or Franck, Sebastian, German
writer, IX. 701; xvii. 134.
Franeker, town, Holland, IX. 704;
university of, XXIII. 850.
Frank, Jacob, leader of Jewish sect,
XIII. 681.
, John Peter, German physician,
XV. 815.
, Joseph, German physician, XV.
814.
, or Franck, Sebastian, German
writer, IX. 701; xvii. 134.
Frankalmoign, feudal tenure of land,
England, XX. 305, 307.
Frankenberg, town. Saxony, ix. 704.
Frankenhausen, town, Germany, ix.
704; XXI. 461.
Frankenstein, town, Prussia, rx. 704.
Frankenthal, town, Bavaria, ix. 704.
Frankfort, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
IX. 704.
FrankforT-ON-the-Main, town, Ger-
many, IX. 704 ; XX. 16 ; cathedral
sculptures, XXI. 565 ; libraries, XIV.
546; newspapers, xvil. 428; assembly.
(1848), X. 506; treaty of (1871), ix.
627.
Frankfort -on -the- Oder, town,
Prussia, IX. 708 ; university, XXIII.
843, 84S.
Frankincense, gum-resin, ix. 709;
XII. 718.
Frankland, or Land of the Franks, its
relations to the popedom, XIX. 494.
Franklin, State of (now part of Ten-
nessee), U.S.A., XXIII. 178.
, Benjamin, American statesman and
philosopher, IX. 711-; ambassador to
France,XXIII. 743; his connexion with
American journalism, XVII. 433; with
Philadelphia, XVIII. 740; his electrical
researches, VIII. 6; his postal improve-
ments, XIX. 566; as political economist,
XIX. 384; as -ftTiter, I. 720; Wedder-
burn'a charge agaiast him, XXIV. 475.
, Sir John, Arctic explorer, IX. 719;
X. 195; XIX. 319; his observations
on the aurora. III. 95; search for, by
Kane, xiii. 837.
Franklinite, mineral, xvi. 3S6; Xlll.
287; XXIV. 784.
Frankmarriage, in English law, xxi.
694
Fr.\nks, Germanic people, ix. 722; xx.
776, 785; empire of the, V. 402; their
laws, V. 73; XXI. 212; in Gaul, ix. 52S;
in Germany, x. 476; in Italy, XIIL
468; in Roman empire, XX. 776, 780;
their invasion of Spain, XXII. 307;
their weapons, II. 555.
Franktenement, laud tenure, XX.
305-
Franz, Robert, his edition of Bach's
works, III. 195
Franz^n, Frins Michael, Swedish poet,
IX. 724; XXII. 757.
Franzensbad, watering-place, Bohe-
mia, IX. 724; mineral water of, XVI.
434, 435-
Franzensfkste, fort, Tyrol, Austra,
IV. 356.
Franz-Josef Land, Arctic Regions, its
discovery, XIX. 324.
Franzstadt, payt of Budapest, Hun-
gary, XVIII. 691.
Frascati, town, Italy, ix. 724.
Fraser, or Frazer, river, British Col-
umbia, VI. 169; XVIII. 116.
, Alexander, his composing and dis-
tributing typo-machines, XXIII. 701,
702.
, James BaiUie, Scottish traveller
and \Triter, IX. 725.
, Louis, on birds, XVIII. 12.
, Simon, Lord Lovat, Scottish
Jacobite, XV. 27.
Fraserburgh, town, Scotland, ix.
725.
Fratercula, genus of birds, xx. lor.
Fr.\tricelli, or Fraticelli, mediaeval
sects, IX. 725; IIL 507; XVI. 711; XX.
322.
Fr.\UD, in law, IX. 726.
Frauenburg, town, Prussia, IX. 727.
Frauenfeld, town, Switzerland, IX.
727; XXII. 778; XXIII. 331.
Frauenlob (Heinrich von Meissen'^
German poet, IX. 727.
Frauenstadt, C. M. J., friend and
expositor of Schopenhauer, XXI. 454.
Fraunhofer, Joseph von, German
optician, IX. 727; xvn. 26; his filar
micrometer, XVI. 245; on radiation,
XX. 215; his telescopes, XXIH. 139,
141.
FrauStadt, town, Prussia, IX. 728.
Fray Bentos, town, Uruguay, xxiv.
■5-
Fray Gerundio, Isla's book, xin. 387.
Frayssinous, Denis Antoine Luc,
Comte de, French ecclesiastic and
politician, IX. 728.
Frazer, or Fraser, river, British
Columbia, VI. 169; xviii. 116.
Fredegond, early French queen, IX.
53°-
Frederici, German pianoforte maker,
xix. 71.
, Cesare de, Venetian traveller, xvil.
857.
Fredericia, town, Denmark, IX. 728.
Frederick, the name, ix. 729.
I., Barbarossa, emperor and German
king, IX. 729; X. 489; XX. 793; his
homage to Pope Alexander III., I. 486;
in Italy, XIII. 472; his patronage of
Bologna university, XXIII. 833.
II., emperor and German king, IX.
731; X. 491; XX. 795; his attitude to-
wards the crusades, V!. 630; as king
of Italy, XIII. 474; his relations to the
popedom, xix; 500; to SicUy, XXII.
27; his quarrels with the Templars,
XXIII. 162.
III., emperor (IV. of Germany), IX.
733; X. 496.
, prince of Augustenburg, vii. 88.
, king of Bohemia (V. as elector
palatine), IX. 742; X. 500.
I., elector of Brandenburg, XX. 4.
II., of Brandenburg, XX. 4.
III., German king, IX. 733; X.
494-
IV., German king (emperor
Frederick III.), IX. 733; X. 496.
I., king of Prussia, IX. 734; XX. 8.
II., the Great, of Prussia, IX. 735;
X. 503; XX. 9; his army, II. 593; hia
battles. III. 444; his influence on
France, IX. 585; influence on German
literature, X. 532 ; his contest with
Russia, XXI. 99; Rauch's statue of, XX.
294; Voltaire at court of, xxiv. 288.
— — I., elector and duke of Saxony, IX.
740; XXI. 353.
II., of Saxony, IX. 741.
III., of Saxony, IX. 741; XXL 353;
Spalatin's relations with, XXII. 366.
, king of SicOy, XXII. 28.
I., king of Sweden, XXIL 751.
I., king of Wurtemberg, XXIV. 702.
XXV. — 22
170
F R E- F R E
Frederick I.-II., electors palatine, ix.
741.
III.-IV., electors palatine, IX.
742.
v., elector palatine and king of
Bohemia, IX. 742; X. 500.
, town, Maryland, U.S.A., XV. 603.
Augustus I. (Augustus II. of
Poland), elector of Saxony, III. 84.
AuGUSTVS II. (Augustus III. of
Poland), elector of Saxony, III. 85;
XIX. 297; XXI. 355.
Augustus III., elector (I. asking)
of Saxony, IX. 741; XXI. 355.
Augustus I., king of Saxony, ix.
741; XXI. 355.
Augustus II., king of Saxony, ix.
741; XXI. 356.
Henry, of Orange-Nassau, stadt-
holder of Holland, XII. 79.
WlLLI.^M, elector of Brandenburg,
IX. 733; XX. 6.
William I., king of Prussia, ix.
735; XX. 8.
William II., of Prussia, ix. 739;
XX. II.
William III., of Prussia, ix. 739;
XX. 11; his relations with Stein, xxii.
530.
William IV., of Prussia, ix. 740;
XX. 12.
Citv, town, Maryland, U.S.A., ix.
742.
Fredericksburg, towp, Virginia,
U.S.A., IX. 742; battle of (1862), in.
444; XXIII. 777.
Frederickshald, town, Norway, ix.
742.
Frederickstad, town, Norway, ix.
742.
Fredericton, town. New Brunswick,
IX. 742; xvii. 375.
Frederikshaab, district, Greenland.
XI. 170.
Fredrikshall, Norway, Charles XII.
killed at, v. 422.
Fredro, Count Alexander, Polish com-
edian, XIX. 303.
Free Church of Scotland, ix. 742;
XXI. 538; Chalmers's relations to, v.
377-
Freedman, Roman, xxir. 133.
Freedom of Contract, xix. 360.
Freedom of the Will, Jonathan
Edwards's woik on the, vii. 690. See
also Free-Will below.
Free Grace, Melanchthon's doctrine
of, XV. 834.
Freehold, in English law, ix. 746; VI.
355; XIV. 264; XX. 305.
Free Imperial Cities, of Germany,
IX. 747.
Free Libraries, in England, xiv. 520,
542.
Freeman, Edward Augustus, on chiv-
alry, XIV. 126; on the-origin of trial C
by jury, XIII. 784. I
Freeman's journal, Dublin news-
paper, XVII. 423.
Freeman's Well, Alnwick, England,
I. 596.
Freemantle, town, Western Australia,
XXIV. 508.
Freemasonry, ix. 747; condemiled by
Pope Clement XII., v. 823.
Freeport, town, Illinois, U.S.A., IX.
752.
Free-Soil Party, United States, xxiii.
768.
Free Spirit, Brethren of the, mediaeval
sect. III. 507; xvii. 132.
Freethinking, Anthony Collins on,
VI. 147.
Freetown, town. Sierra Leone, West
Africa, IX. 752; i. 269; xxiL 44.
Free Tr.\de, ix. 752 ; its effect on
commerce, VI. 205 ; List's theory of,
XIX. 389; Paterson's advocacy of,
XVIII. 360; Sir Robert Peel's measures,
VIII. 366; XVIIL 456.
Free-Will, in ethics, vin. 608; in re-
lation to predestination, XIX. 670 ;
Cud worth's tlieory, VI. 691; St Paul's
doctrine, XVIII. 427.
Freewill Baptists, ix. 762.
Freezing-Point, viii. 731; XII. 611.
Fregata, genus of birds, ix. 786.
Fregell* (Pontecorvo), ancient town,
Italy, XIX. 454.
Fregga, Frigg, or Freya, in Teutonic
mythology, IX. 777; I. 209, 211.
Freiberg, town, Saxony, ix. 763; min-
ing school of, XXIV. 502.
Freiburg (Freiburg in the Breisgau),
town, Baden, Germany, IX. 764;
cathedral sculptures, XXI. 564; uni-
versity, XXIII. 842.
■-, town, Prussian Silesia, IX. 765.
■ , canton, Switzerland, IX. 763; XXII.
778; town, IX. 764; XXII. 778, 788.
Freidank, or Frelgedank, German poet,
IX. 765.
Freiligrath, Ferdinand, German poet,
IX. 766; X. 546.
Freind, John, English physician and
author, IX. 767; XV. 811.
Freire, Francisco Joze, Portuguese
historian and philologist, IX. 767.
Freischutz, in German, folklore, IX.
767.
, Weber's opera, XXIV. 468.
Freising, town, Bavaria, IX. 767.
Freiwaldau, town, Austrian Silesia,
IX. 767.
Frejus, town, France, ix. 767.
Fremont, town, Ohio, U.S.A., ix. 767.
, John Charles, his operations in
California, IV. 695 ; candidate for
presidency of United States, XXIII.
771.
Fremont's Peak, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 712.
Freneau, Philip, American writer, I.
722.
French, Nicholas, Irish namphleteer,
IX. 768.
Academy, i. 74, 75; dictionary of,,
viiL 194.
Bean, vegetable, Xli. 2S3.
Drama, vii. 423.
Guiana, South America, XI. 253.
Horn, musical instrument, Xli.
167.
LA^fGUAGE, IX. 629 ; XIV. 340^
dictionaries of, VII. 184.
Literature, ix. 637; Renaissance
period, XX. 391; early romances, XX.
659; Rabelais's influence on, XX. 197^
Rousseau's, xxi. 27.
Revolution (1789), ix. 596; xx.
602; views of, in England, XIX. 143;
its influence on the popedom, XIX. 508;.
on Spain, XXII. 342; in Switzerland,.
XXII. 793.
Revolution, Reflections on the,
Burke's, IV. 546.
Frentani, ancient Italian people, XXI-
128, 248.
Frenzelite, mmeral, xvi. 394.
Fr^quente Communion, De la,
Arnauld's work, II. 620.
Frere, John Hookham, English diplo-
matist and writer, IX. 768.
Freres de Saint-Yon, religioui
brotherhood, XII. 700.
Fr^ret, Nicolas, French scholar, ix.768.
Fr6rON, Elie Catherine, French critic
and controversialist, IX. 769.
, Louis Stanislas, French Revolu-
tionist, IX. 769.
Frerots, or Fratricelli, mediaeval sect,
IX. 725.
Fresco, ix. 769; xvil 42; xxin. 158;
a secco, XXIII. 157; ceilings, in ancient
burial-chapels, v. 214 ; Raphael's
frescos, XX. 279.
Frescobaldi, Girolamo, Italian musi-
cal composer, IX. 776; XVII. 90.
Frese, Jacob, Swedish poet, XXII. 755.
Freshwater, town, Isle of Wight,
England, XXIV. 562.
Herring, fish, xxi. 224.
Fresnel, Augustin Jean, French
physicist, IX. 776; his improvements
in lighting apparatus, xiv. 619, 620.
Fresnillo, town, Mexico, IX. 776;
xxiv. 761.
Fresnoy, Charles Alphonse du, French
painter and writer, IX. 776.
Fresny, Riviere du, French journalist,
XVIL 424.
Fret, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Patterns, in Japanese art, xiil.
590.
Freudenstadt, toAvn, Wiirtemberg,
Germany, IX. 776.
Freudenthal, town, Austrian Silesia,
IX. 777.
Frey, inr'northern mythology, I. 210.
Freya, or Fregga, in Teutonic mytho-
logy, IX. 77r; :• 209, 211.
F R E — F R Y
171
Freyberg, or Freiberg, town, Sazonv,
IX. 763.
Freyburg, or Freiburg, town, Baden,
Germany, IX. 764.
Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaules de,
French navigator, IX. 777.
Freysing, or Freising, town, Bavaria,
IX. 767.
Freytag, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,
German Orientalist, ix. 777.
, Gustav, German novelist, X. 54;.
Frezzi, Federigo, Italian writer, XIII.
505.
Friar, member of mendicant order, IX.
777; V. 1x6; VII. 354; IX. 698; XVI.
710; in England, ijth century, VIII.
316.
Friar-Bird, xii. 139.
FRlAt's Cap, plant, I. 98.
Friar William (Rubruquis), Oriental
traveller, xxi. 46.
Fribourg (Freiburg), canton, Switzer-
land, IX. 763; XXII. 778; town, IX.
764; XXII. 778, 78S.
Frichot, Alexandre, French musical
instrument maker, xvii. 778.
Fricker, Edith, first wife of Rooert
Southey, XXII. 290.
Friction, in physics, ix. 777;. xv. 702,
731,765; expenditure of energy on, VII I.
208; of g^scs, XVI. 618; of liquids,
XII. 482 ; XIX. 247 ; influence of
lubricants on, XV. 35 ; stability of,
XV. 751; tidal, xxiiL 360, 374.
Frictional Electricity, vni. 99.
Frida, Emil Bohus, Bohemian poet,
xxn. 152.
Fridericia, or Fredericia, town, Den-
mark, IX. 728.
Friedelite, mineral, XVL 424.
FriEdland, town, Bohemia, IX. 778.
, town, Mecklenburg-StreUtz, Ger-
many, IX. 778.
, town, Prussia, IX. 779 ; battle of
(1807), XVII. 210.
, Duke of (Wallenstein), general,
XXIV. 328.
— — , Valentin (Trotzendorf), German
educationist, xxill. 588.
Friedrich (Frederick, q.v.), German
name, IX. 729.
LUDWIG, prince of Hohenlohe,
Prussian general, XII. 51.
Friedrichshall, spa, Saxe-Meiningen,
Germany, xvi. 436.
j-'riendly Islands, South Pacific, ix.
779-
Friendly Societies, ix. 780; registra-
tion of, XX. 344.
Friends, Society of (Quakers^ xx. 147;
founder of, IX. 500.
IN Council, Helps's work, xi.
639.
— '— OF God, mystic sect, xvii. 486;
XXIIL 82.
OF THE People, Society of, Eng-
lish political party, XI. 190.
Fries, Elias Magnus, Swedish botanist,
IX. 785.
, Jacob Friedrich, German philo-
sopher, IX. 785; hia relations to
rationalism, XX. 29a
Frieseite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Friesland, province, Holland, IX. 785;
XIL 98.
FRfESLEBENiTE, mineral, XVI. 394.
Frieze, in architecture, 11. 464.
Frigate-Bird, IX. 786.
Frikell, Wiljalba, conjurer, xiv. 415.
Fringilla, genus of birds, xiv. 675;
XXII. 369.
Friniates, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiii.
447; XIV. 640.
Frisch, J. L., on birds, XVin. 8.
Frische Haff, lagoon, Prussia, XX.
20.
Frischlin, Nicodemus, German scholar
and poet, IX. 786.
Frisi, Paolo, Italian mathematician and
astronomer, IX. 787.
Frisi.\, ancient region of Europe, IX.
787; ancient law code of, XXL 215.
Frisian LangOage, ix. 788; xn. 84;
dictionaries of, VII. 187.
FRISIAN Literature, ix. 788.
Frisians, ancient Teutonic people, ix.
7S7; St Willibrord's mission to, XXI V.
587.
Frisius, Gemma, on nayigation, xvii.
251.
Frit Fly, wheat pest, xxiv. 535.
Frith, John, early English Reformer,
IX. 789.
Frith-Guilds, associations for mutual
defence, XI. 260.
Frithigern, Gothic chief, x. 848, 849;
XXIII. 258, 720.
Frithiofs Saga, Tegner's poem- xxiii.
no.
Fritill.\ri.\, genus of Tunicata, xxiii.
615; xxiv. 186.
Fritslar, Herbert von, romancist, xx.
639-
Fritzlar, tpvm, Prussia, IX. 790.
, Hermann von, German mystic,
xviL 133.
Friuli, district, Austria and Italy, IX.
790.
Frizon (Gemma Frisius), on naviga-
tion, XVII. 251.
Froben, or Frobenius, Joannes, German
printer and scholar, IX. 791; his re-
lations with Erasmus, VIII. 514.
Froberger, Johann Jacob German
musician, xvii. 90.
Frobisher,' Sir Martin, English navi-
gator, IX. 791; X. 184; his Arctic
explorations, xix. 316.
FR0D0.A.RT (Flodoard), French chro-
nicler, IX. 328.
Froebel, Friedrich Wilhelm August,
German educationist, IX. 792; XIV.
79-
Frog, amphibian, IX. 795; anatomy of.
'• 751; egg of, XX. 418; hibematioB
of, XI. 7S9; parasites of, xviii. 259;
XXIIL 539.
Frog-Fish, ix. 269.
Frogmore, Berkshire- England, Mav-
soleum at, I. 453.
Frogs, The, Aristoph^esrs comedv, n.
509.
Frohlich, Abraham Emanuel, Gennaa-
S^viss pcet, IX. 797.
Froissart, Jean, French chronicler, IX.
797, 646.
Frome, town, England, IX. 802; X.XII.
258.
Fromentin, Eugene, French painter,
IX. 802.
Fromme, C, his experiments ia
magnetism, xv. 258.
Fronde, War of the, in France, ix.
572; XIV. 867; Condi's conneiioM
with, VI. 246; Mazarin's, XV. 652;
Louise d'Orleans's, XVI. 793; Retz"!,
XX. 488.
Fronsac, town, France, xiv. 509.
Front, St, early French missionary,
xvin. 535.
Frontinus, Justinus (Justin), Latim
historian, XIII. 791.
, Scxtus Julius, Roman soldier and
writer, IX. 803; inspector of Roman
aqueducts, XII. 435; his language
and style, Xiv. 337.
Fronto, Marcus Cornelius, Romam
grammarian, IX. 803; his language
and style, .XIV. 33S.
Frosinone, town, Italy, ix. 803.
Frost, Geological action of, X. 265, 280.
, William Edward, English painter,
IX. 803.
Frost-Bite, XVI. 849; xxn. 683.
Frotte, Louis de, French royalist, xvii.
203.
Froude, William, English naval archi-
tect, XXI. 8og.
Frowle, bird, xt. 262.
Fructidor 18, Coup d'etat of (1797),
France, XVII. 199.
Frl'ela I., king of Leon, XXIL 311.
Frue-Vanner, mining apparatus, xvi.
465.
Frugality Banks, xxi. 327.
Frugoni, Carlo Innocenzo, Italian poet,
IX. 804; XIIL 511.
Fruit, of plants, iv. 148; formation
of, XX. 429; culture of, L 384; i:. 322;
dried, XIX. 707; garden, XII. 268.
Frumentius, early Christian missionary
and first bishop of Abyssinia, IX. 804;
L6S.
Frusinum, or Frusino (FrosinoneX
ancient town, Italy, IX. 803.
Fruytiers, Philip, Flemish painter, IX.
804.
Fry, of fish, as article of food, XXIV.
550.
, Elizabeth, English ph'lanthropis^
IX. 804; on prison discipline, XIX. 74^
172
Frying, of meat, vi. 333.
Frvth, or Frith, John, early English
Eeformer, IX. 789.
Fryxell, Anders, Swedish historian,
XXII. 758.
F's, The Three, in Irish land tenure,
XIV. 277.
FUAD Pasha, Mehmed, Turkish states-
man and author, IX. 805.
FUCHITE, mineral, XVI. 413.
FucHS (Fux), Johann Joseph, Austrian
musical composer, IX. 855; xvii. 90.
, Johann Nepomuk von, German
chemist and mineralogist, IX. 805.
, Leonhard, German physician and
botanist, IX. 806.
Fuchsia, plant, ix. 806; xii. 263.
FUCINUS (Fucino), lake, Italy, v. 286;
XIII. 440; drainage tunnel at, xxill.
623.
FUEGI.4, islands, Tierra del Fuego,
South America, XXIII. 384.
FUEGIANS, races of Indians, XII. 829.
Fuel, ix. 807; composition of various
kinds -of, VI. 47; for blast furnaces,
XIII. 292, 315; gas as, Siemens's experi-
ments with, XXII. 37; petroleiun as,
XVIII. 720; for smelting ores, XVI. 60;
in relation' to smoke abatement, XXU.
182 ; for steam boilers, xxil. 500,
519.
FuENTE DE Cantos, town, Spain, ix.
810.
FUENTE DEL Maestre, to->\-n, Spain,
IX. 8 lb.
FUENTERRABIA (Fontarabia), town,
Spain, IX. 810.
FUENTES, Manuel A., Peruvian writer,
XVIIIi 676.
FUERO, Spanish legal charter and code,
IX. 810.
FUERTEVENTURA, island, Canaries, iv.
800.
FuGGER, Swabian family, Germany, IX.
811.
Fugitive Slave Laws, in United
States, IX. 165; XXIII. 768.
Fugue, in music, xvii. 82.
Fuh-Chow, or Fuh-Chow Foo (Foo
Chow), town, China, IX. 812; v. 636.
FUH-Keen, province, China, V. 636.
FiJHRlCH, Joseph von, Austrian painter,
IX. 812.
Fuji-san, or Fuji, volcano, Japan, XIII.
571; pilgrimages to, XIX. 92.
FULAHS, or Foulahs, Negro race, Africa,
I. 263; XVII. 319; XXII. 248, 278, 279.
F'JLBERT, Canon, uncle of Heloise, I. 34.
, scholastic philosopher, xxi. 421.
FULBROKE Park, 'Warwickshire, Eng-
land, XXI. 753.
FULCHER, GeofiErey, Knight Templar,
XSIIL 161.
FULDA, monastery and town, Germany,
IX. 812 ; monastic library of, XIV.
513; philosophical school, XXI. 420.
, river, Germany, XXIV. 503.
F R Y — F U S
FULFORD, England, Battle of (1066), X!.
485.
FULGENTIUS, Gbttsohalk, German theo-
logian, X. 855.
Fulginium (Foligno), ancient town,
Italy, i.x. 356.
'FuLGORA, genus of insects, xiv. 290.
FULHAll, suburb of London, IX. 813;
XIV. 822.
FULIGNO, or Foligno, to^vn, Italy, ix.
356.
FuLlGULA, genus of birds, Jcix. 252;
XXI. 378.
FuLK, count of Anjou, Knight Templar,
XXIII. i6o.
FiTZV/ARiN, romance, XX. 658.
Fuller, Andrew, English Baptist
divine, IX. 813.
, Sarah Margaret, Marchioness Ossoli,
American writer, XViil. 57.
, Thomas, EngUsh divine and his-
torian, IX. 814.
Fuller's Earth, ix. 816; xvi. 424.
Fulling, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
661.
Fullonica, fuller's shop, at Pompeii,
XIX. 449.
Fulmar, bird, ix. 817.
Fulminates, explosives, viii. 808.
Fulton, Robert, American engineer,
IX. 817; his invention of a steamboat,
III. 542.
FUMARIA, genus of plants, ix. 817.
Fumigation, Religious, with incense,
xn. 718, 721.
Fumitory, plant, ix. 817.
FuNARiA Hygrometrica, species of
mosses, XVII. 71, 72.
FUNCHAL, town, Madeira, XV. 179.
Function, in mathematical analysis, IX.
818; XIII. 13; XV. 630; X.XIV. 71.
Functions, Analytical, Theory of, La-
grange's work, XIV. 209.
, Elliptic, Legendre's researc"hes on,
XIV. 413 ; Henry J. S. Smith's papers
on, XXII. 173.
Fundi (Fondi), ancient town, Italy, ix.
361.
Funds, national debt, xvii. 245.
FUNDY, Ray of. North America, XVII.
373, 6oi.'
FUNEN, island, Denmark, vii. 80, 83.
Funeral Rites, ix. 824; in. 398;
their origin and meaning, ,11. 56;
dances, VL 799; feasts, IX. 113; in
primitive church, V. 211; xxi. 155;
in relation to totemism, XXIII. 470;
Egyptian, vii. 722, 728; xvii. 20;
ancient Mexican, XVI. 213; Parsee,
XVIII.326; Phoenician, XVIII. 810; Scy-
thian, XXI. 576; Tibetan, XXIII. 344.
FUNFHAUS, suburb of Vienna, IX. 827.
FiJNFKlRCHEN, town, Hungary, IX.
827; university of, XXIII. 840.
Fungus, Fungi, division of vegetable
kingdom, IX. 827; XXIV. 127 ; rela-
tions to Algas, III. 692; XXIV. 128;
reproduction of, IV. 162; XX. 423, 430;
vegetative organs of, IV. 107; edible
species, XVII. 74 ; parasitic speci=s,
XVIII. 266; for the herbariimi, }fl. 71S;
phosphorescence in, XVIII. 813;' in
vine diseases, XXIV. 240.
Fur, IX 836; of ermine, VIII. 526; of
seals, XXI. 583; Canadian, IV. 775;
yield in Siberia, XXII. 9.
, in heraldry, XI. 691.
, group of Negroes, Africa, VI. 82 5;
XVII. 319.
FURETIERE, Antoine, French lexico-
grapher,IX.S39; his French dictionary,
vn. 185; his dispute with La Fontaine,
XIV. 205; ana of, I. 784.
Furies (the Greek Erinyes), in Latin
mythology, IX. S40; viii. 524.
Furlanians, ancient people of Friuli,
Italy, IX. 790.
Furnace, IX. 840; method of measuring
temperature of , XX. 132; for assaying,
IL 725; for the garden, XIL 22S; for
glass-making, X. 657; for iron and
steel making, XIII. 293, 349; for lead
smelting, XIV. 375; for minting opera-
tions, XVI. 486; Siemens's regenerative,
XXII. 37; for smelting ores, X~VI/ 60;
for steam-boilers, xxii. 496.
FURNEAUX, Captain, his explorations
of Australian coasts, in. 104.
FURNESS ABBEY, Lancashire, England,
III. 396; XIV. 254.
Furniture, ix. 847.
FURREEDi^OTE (Faridkot), state, India,
IX. 33.
FURREEDPORE (Faridpur), district,
British India, IX. 33.
FURRUCKABAD (Fairakhabad), district,
India, IX. 42.
FURSEY, abbot of Lagny, Celtic re-
ioimei, XVI. 707.
Furst, German title, Xix. 739.
, Julius, German Orientalist, IX.
850.
Furstenberg, two noble German
families, IX. 851.
Furstenbund, league of German prin-
ces, XX. 1 1.
Furstenwalde, town, Prussia, IX.
851.
Furth, town, Bavaria, IX. 851.
FURTUM, or Theft, Law of, xilll.
231.
Furze, shrub, ix. 851.
Fusanus, genus of trees, XXI. 255.
Fuse, in pyrotechny, XX. 135; safety,
for mining, XVL 445; for ammunition
shells, I. 745; XI. 305.
Fusee, match, xv. 626.
, of a watch, xxiv. 394.
Fuseli, Henry, Swiss, painterand vrriter,
IX. 852.
Fusel Oil, ix. S53.
Fusibility of Metals, Table diowiiig
the, XVI. 66.
Fusil, in heraldr/, XI. 697.
F U S — G A L
ITS
FUSING-POINTS, of alloys, XX. 132.
FusiYAMA, Fuji, or Fujisan, volcano,
Japan, xni. 571; xix. 92.
FUSLEE Era, Mohammedan, in India,
V. 719.
Fust, Sir H. Jenner, hia decision on
clmrcli altars, I. 641.
, Johann, early German printer, IX.
853; XXIII. 684, 687; hia Psalter, III.
653.
Fustian, cloth, ix. 855; xxiii. 210.
Fustic, dyestnff, ix. 855
FUTA - Jallon, district, Senegambia,
West Africa, xxi. 661.
FUTAK, father of Mani, XV. 482.
FuTTEHPOOR (Fathipur), district and
town, India, IX. 50.
— SiKRi, town, India, ix. 51.
Future, Psychological presentation of
the, XX. 64.
Events, Mathematical probability
of, XIX. 773.
State, in eschatology, viii.
537-
Fux, Jonaim Joseph, Austrian musical
composer, IX. 855; XVII. 90.
FuxUM. (Foii\ ancient town, France, IX.
353-
Fuze, or Fuse (q.v.). Percussion, X!. 305.
f UZES-GVARMAT, to%ra, Hungary, XI.
346.
Fuzuli, Ottoman poet, xxiii. 656.
Fylki, Norwegian division of land,
xvii. 584.
Fyne, Loch, Scotland, its herring fishery,
IX. 260.
Fyrd, early English miUtia, 11. 568.
Fyt, Johannes, Flemish painter, IX.
856.
Fyza"bad (Faizabad), division and dis-
trict, India, viii. 855; town, Vlll. 855 ;
xvill. 72.
/"• the seventh letter of the alphabet,
^^> X. I.
Ga, language and tribe, Gold Coast,
Africa, x. 756.
Gab^ (Ispahan), ancient town, Persia,
XIII. 395.
Gabao, river. West Coast, Africa, x. 3.
G.^BELENTZ, Hans Conon von der,
German philologist, X. i.
Gabelsberger, F. X., German steno-
grapher, XXI. 841.
GABES,town, Tunis, XXIII. 620.
Gabet, J., French traveller in Tibet,
xiv. 503; XXIII. 338.
Gabii, ancient town, Italy, X. 2; Xiv.
344-
Gabion, in fortification, ix. 424.
Gable, in architecture, 11. 465.
Gabler, Georg Andreas, German philo-
sopher, x. 2.
, Johann Philipp, German theologian.
x. 2.
Gablonz, town. Bohemia, x. 3.
Gaboon, river. West Coast, Africa, X.
3; I- 254.
Gabrias, or Babrius, Greek 'abulist,
III. i3i.
Gabriel, of Scripture, x. 3.
, bishop of Hormizdsher, Syriao
writer, XXI I. 837.
EAR BOKHT-ISHO, Syrian physi-
cian, XXII. 847.
Kamsa, Syriac writer, XXII. 855.
Tauretha, Syriao vn'iter, XXII.
843.
Gabrielli, Pirro Maria, Italian man of
science, XXII. 43.
Gabrig, river, Persia, XVIII. 620.
Gad, prophet, in Scripture, X. 4.
, Tribe of, X. 4.
Gadames, or Ghadames {q.v.), town,
Sahara, Africa, X. 4.
Gadara, ancient town, Syria, X. 4.
Gaddesden, John, English writer on
medicine, XV. 807.
Gaddi, family of Italian painters, x. 5
, Agnolo, X. 5; his glass paintings
X. 669.
Gades (Cadiz), ancient town, Spain, IV.
626; XVIII. 806; XXIL 305.
Gad-Fly, VII. 256.
G.4D1ATCH, town, Russia, X. 6.
Gadolinite, mineral, xiv. 292; xvi.
409.
Gadshill Place, Kent, Dickens's re-
sidence, VIL 178.
Gadus, genus ot fi^shes, XI. 363; Xll.
691; XIX. 402, 650; XXIV. 554.
Gadwall, bird, x. 6.
Gx.\, Oracle of, at Olympia, xvil. 808.
Gaekwar, or Gaikwar, Mahratta ruler,
III. 381; XV. 290.
Gaelic Language, x. 6; v. 298; xiv.
694; dictionaries of, VII. 188.
Gaelic Literature, x. 6; of Scotland,
V. 313. 327-
Gaels, v. 297; in Ireland, xili. 244, 246;
in Scotland, XXI. 473; in Wales, XVIIL
482.
Gaeta, town, Italy, x. 13.
, Giovanni da (Pope Gelasius II.), x.
130.
Gaetano, Giovanni (Pope Nicholas III.),
XVI I. 484.
G^tulia, ancient district. North Africa,
X. 14.
G/ETULIans, people,-Mauretania, Africa,
XV. 637; XVII. 628.
Gaff, kind ot sail, xxi. 1 53.
Gagates, mineral, xiil. 672.
Gage, Thomas, English governor of
Massachusetts, x. 14; xxiii. 739.
Gagern, Hans Chrisioph Ernst, Baron
von, German statesman, X. 14.
Gahlah, edentate mammal, xviii. 211.
Gahnite, mineral, xvi. 386.
Gahn's Blowpipe, hi. 837.
Gala (Oporto), ancient town, Portugal,
XVII. 796.
, village, Paxo, Greece Jiviii. 439.
GArcYW, iaim, Russia, x. 16.
GaiKw/^r, ruler of Baroda, India, IIL
381; XV. 290.
Gailenreuth Cave, Germany, v. 207.
Gaillac, town, France, X. 15.
Gaillard, Ferdinand, French engraver,
viii. 443.
, Gabriel Henri, French historian. X.
15-
Gainsborough, town, England, x. 15.
, Thomas, English painter, X. 15;
XXI. 441.
Gaion, or Gaia, village, Paxo, Greece,
XVIII. 439.
Gair-Fowl, or Gare-Fowl, x. 78; in. 85,
734-
Gaiseric, or Genserio (q.v.), king of the
Vandals, X. 159; XX. 781; XXI v. cS.
Gaissin, town, Russia, x. 16.
Gaius, Roman'jurist, X. 16; XIII. 794;
his diction and style, XIV, 338; In-
stitutes of, discovered by NiebuTir,
XVII. 492.
Gaj, Ljudevit, Croatian writer, XXI. 691.
Gala, river, Scotland, xxiii. 673.
Gala.^d, or Galahad, hero of Arthurian
romance, XX. 646, 647.
Galabat, town. Upper Egypt, X. 17.
Galactin, constituent of milk, xvi. 303.
Galactite, mineral, XVI. 423.
Galactometer, for indicating specific
gravity of milk, I. i58.
Galacz (Galatz), town, Roumanisi, x.
21.
GalagiN/E, subfamOy of lemurs, xiv.
442.
Galahad, or Galaad, hero of Arthurian
romance, xx. 646, 647.
Galam, of Irish legend, xill. 244.
Galangal, aromatic drug, x. 17.
Galanthus, genus of plants, XXU. 201.
Galaor, brother of Amadia of Gaul,
XX. 654.
Galapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean, x.
17; birds of, IIL 747.
Galashiels, town, Scotland, x. 18;
XXI. 638.
Gal.ata, part of Constantinople, vi. 306.
Gal.'VTEA, of Greek legend, xvii. 346.
— : — , pastoral by Cervantes, v. 351.
Galati, ancient GaUic tribe, x. 1 1 1.
GAL.ATIA, division, Asia Minor, X. 18;
coins of, XVII. 648; St Paul in, XVIII.
419-
GalatIANS, Epistle to the, X. 19.
Galatina, tovra, Italy, x. 21.
Galatz,' town, Roumania, x. 21; XXl
16.
Galaup, Jean Fran9oiB, French navi-
gator, XIV. 298.
Galea, Servius Sulpicius, Roman
emperor, X. 21; xvil. 351; XX. 773;
his contest with Otho, XVIII. 65.
Galbanum, gum-resin, x. 22.
Galbula, genus of birds, "I-IIII. 531.
Galchas, race of people, Asia, xxilL
25, 636.
174
G A L — G A M
Galdan, convent, Tibet, xiv. 501.
, Kalmuk khan, XVI. 745.
Gale, Theophilus, English theologian,
X. 23.
, Thomas, English scholar, x. 23.
Galeazzo, Gian, count of Pavia, xill.
478.
GaleLA, town, Jilolo, Indian Archi-
pelago, xm. 692.
Galen, Christoph Bernhard van, prince-
bishop of Miinster, X. 23.
-, Claudius, ancient medical writer,
X. 23; XV. 803; as anatomist, I. 803;
on arteries and veins, XXIV. 95 ; on
the brain as the seat of intellect, XVIH.
842; his surgery, XXII. 675.
Galena, mineral, Xiv. 375; XVI. 391
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., X. 24.
Galenstock, mountain, Switzerland,
XXIV. II.
Galeocerdo, genus of sharks, xxj.
776.
Galeodes, genus of Arachnida, 11. 280.
GALEOPlTHEClDi«, family of insectivor-
ous mammals, XV. 401.
Galerius Maximianus, Roman em-
peror, XV. 644.
Galesburg, town, Illinois, U.S.A., x.
24.
GaleuS, genus of sharks, XXI. 774.
Galgacus, ancient British chief, IV.
353, 663; I. 290.
Galgulus, genus of birds, XI!. 696.
Galiani, Ferdinando, Italian political
economist, X. 24; XIX. 362.
ALICIA, 'province, Austria, X. 25; in-
•urrection in (1846), lu. 136.
, province, Spain, X. 26; XXII. 298;
dialect of, XXII. 352.
Galien, Joseph, his aeronautic chimera,
I. 187.
le Rhetor]^, romance, xx. 652.
Galilee, province. Palestine, x. 27;
xviii. 171, !7-.
-, Sea of, Palestine, X. 29.
Galilei, Vincenzo, father of Galileo,
X. 30; on music,. XVII. 86.
Galileo (Galileo Galilei), Italian man of
science, X. 30 ; anagram of one of his
discoveries, I. 79 1 ; his astronomical
discoveries, II. 753; on the rings of
Saturn, II. 8u; his telescopes, XXIU.
136; his thermometer, XXIII. 288: as
a writer, XIII. 511.
Galind^e, ancient tribes, Lithuania,
XIV. 701.
Galingale, or Galangal, aromatic drug,
X. 17.
Galin-Paris-Chev6, system of musical
notation, XVii. 100.
Galitch, town, Russia, x. 37.
G.all, Franz Joseph, Swiss anatomist
and phrenologist, X. 37; XVHi. 842.
, Theodore, on the brain, XVIII.
843.
Galla, race of people, Africa, x. 38; i.
63, 263.
Gallabat, or Galabat, town. Upper
Egypt, X. 17.
Galland, Antoine, French Orientalist,
X. 37; translator of Arabian Nights,
XXIII. 318.
Gallarate, town, Italy, x. 38.
Gallas, or Galla, African race, X. 38;
I. 63, 263.
Gallatin, Albert, American politician,
X. 38.
Mountains, Wyoming, ^.S.A.,
XXIV. 737.
Gall-Bladder, in anatomy, vii. 231;
surgical removal of, XXII. 691.
Galle, J. G., on parallax, xviii. 249.
, Point de, town, Ceylon, X. 40.
Gallego, dialect of Galicia, Spain,
XXII. 352.
Gallegos, river, Patagonia, xviii.
353-
, Spanish people, x. 26.
Gallery, in architecture, 11. 465; in
tunnelling, XXIII. 622.
Galleys, Egyptian and Phoenician, xxi.
805.
Gall-Fly, XII. 576.
Gallia, or Gaul (q.v.), x. 1 1 1 ; coins of,
XVII. 635; libraries, XIV. 512.
Narbonensis, XIV. 287.
Gallic Acid, x. 41; xiv. 381.
Gallican Church, Liberties of the,
>x. 543. 550. 578; XIX. 506, 507.
Gallic.\nus, Vulcatius, Augustan his-
torian, III. 74.
GallIen, Johanna, wife of Wyttenbach,
XXI V. 715.
Gallienus, p. Lidinius, Eoman
emperor, X. 42; XX. 776.
Gallin.«, group of birds, XVIII. 46.
Gallinagq, genus of birds, XXII. 200.
Gallinula, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
Gallio, Junius AnnjEUs, Roman pro-
consul of Acliaia, X. 42.
Gallipoli, town, Itaiv. X. ix
, town, Turkey, x. 42.
Gallirallus, genus of birds, xvn.
722.
Gai.lirex, genus of birds, xxill. 487.
Gallium, chemical element, x. 43.
Gall Nuts, x. 45.
GALLO-GRiECiA, or Galatia, Asia Minor,
X. 18.
Gallon, standard of measure, xxiv.
480.
Gallotannic Acid, xxiii. 48.
Galloway, district, Scotland, XIV. 9S;
XVII. 571; XXIV. 563
, Thomas, Scottish mathematician,
X- A3-
Horse, xii. 190.
G.4LLS, Animal and vegetable, X. 43;
formation of, XIII. 143; use of, in tan-
ning, XIV. 382.
Gall's Process, in wine-making,
XXIV. 603.
G.\LL Stones, use of silicylate of
sodium in their treatment, XXU 217.
Galluppi, Pasquale, Italian philoso-
pher, X. 46.
Gallu's, genus of birds, ix. 491; xix.
644.
, brother of the emperor Julian, xill.
768.
, 0. Cornelius, Roman poet and
orator, X. 47; reference to, in Viigil's
Georgics, XXIV. 253.
, Martin, Polish chronicler, XIX.
299.
Galmei, mineral; xvi. 410.
Galois, Evariste, French' mathemati-
cian, X. 48.
Galoubet, musical pipe, xix. no.
Galt, town, Ontario, Canada, XVII. 775.'
, John, Scottish novelist, X. 47.
Galtch a, or Galchas, people, Turkestan,
xxin. 25, 636.
Galtymore, mountain, Ireland, xin.
215; XXIII. 405.
Galuppi, Baldassare. Italian composer,
X. 48.
Galvani, Luigi, Italian physiologist,
X. 48; his electrical discoveries, Vlll.
9-
Galvanic Batteries, viil 92.
Galvanism, applied to blasting, lii
808 ; Nobili's discoveries in, xvil.
524.
Galvanized Iron, xiii. 357.
Galvanometer, for measuring electric
currents, X. 49; construction of, VIII.
13; differential, VIII. 43; its use in
telegraphy, xxill. 116.
Galvanotropism, in vegetable physio-
logy, xix. 60.
Galveston, town, Texas, U.S.A., x.
53; xxiii. 205.
Galvez, Bernard, Spanish governor of
New Orleans, xvil. 404.
Galw.ay, county, Ireland, X. 5J; popu-
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
town, X. 56; Queen's College at, XXIII.
855.
Gama, Vasco da, Portuguese navigator,
X. 57; his discoveries, X. 181:
doubling of Cape of Good Hope by,
v. 44 ; his expedition to India, Xll.
796.
Gamaliel, Jewish rabbis, X. 58.
Gamarra, General, ruler in Peru, XVIII.
67S.
Gamasides, family of acarids, II. 276.
Gamba, organ pipe, XVII. 830.
Gameassi, or Ghambasso, F. D. L., hia
glass paintings, X. 670.
Gambetta, Leon, French politician, IX.
626.
Gambia, colony and river. West Africa,
X. 59; I. 253; XXI. 661; birds of, ih.
759-
Gam bier, ;_ Lord, English admiral,
X. 60.
Islands, South Pacific, xxiii. 602.
Gambir, dyestulf, v. 220; XIV. 382.
Gambit, in chess, v. 593.
G A M — G A R
175
Gambling, Law in relation to, x. 67.
Gam BOA, Sarmiento de, Patagonian
explorer, xvni. 353.
Gamboge, gum-resin, x. 60; iv. 725;
XIX. 87.
Game, Preservation of, its influence on
agriculture, I. 410; on land tenure,
XIV. 270, 276.
Fowls, xix. 644.
Laws, x. 61 ; in relation to Sabbath
_ observance, xxn. 655; in Switzerland,
xxii. 777.'
G.\MES, Ancient, x. 63; gladiatorial, X.
632; Olympic, xvii. 766; secular, at
Kome, XXI. 618.
, Modern, their legal aspects, x. 66;
XXIV. 305.
Gametes, reproductive cells' of plants,
XX. 425.
Gaming, its legal aspects, x. 66; xxiv.
305.
Gamliel, or Gamaliel, Jewish rabbis,
;c.£8.
Gamma Fu{JCTI0N, Tables of, xxiii. 14.
Gammer Gurton's Needle, Still's
comedy, VU. 42S; XXII. 550; Skelton's
song in, XXII. 120.
Gamogenesis, sexual generation, in.
686.
Gampo, Srong Tsan, Tibetan king, XIV.
228.
Gamut, in music, xvii. 80.
Gand (Ghent, ^.v.), town, Belgium, X.
562.
Gaxdak, river, Nepal, xvii. 340.
Gander, river, Newfoundland, xvii.
382.
Gandersheim, tovra. and abbey, Ger-
many, X. 67 ; the nun of (Hros-
vitha), wTiter, XII. 326.
Gandia, town, Spain, x. 67.
, Duke of (Francis Borgia), ix. 694.
G.\ND0, kingdom. Soudan, Africa, x.
67; XXII. 279.
G.\NDY, 'WiUiam, English painter, XX.
502.
Ganelon, of the Boland legends, XX.
626.
Ganganelli, Giovanni V. A. (Pope
Clement XIV.), V. 823.
Ganges, river, India, x. 68; xil. 732;
xvii. 572; canal, 11. 222; valley, in.
562.
Gangi, town, Italy, x. 63.
Ganglia, nerve centres, I. 858; xix.
37; in sjTnpathetic nervous system,
I. 883; in SloUnsca, XVL 637, 643.
Gangoh, to«Ti, India, XXI. 152.
Gangotri, place of pUgrimage, India,
X. 69.
Gangpur, state, India, x. 69; v. 768.
G.angra, town, Asia Minor, xviii.
228.
Gangrene, disease, xvi. 849; treatment
of, XXII. 683.
Gang-Saws, xxi. 344.
Gancue, matrix of ores, xvi. 59.
Gan-Hwuy, province, China, v. 635.
Gani, islands, Ladrones, South Pacific,
xiv. 199.
Ganilh, Charles, French political
economist, x. 69.
Ganja, or Bhang, plant, III. 627; XI.
648.
Ganjam, aistrict, India, x. 69.
G.\N-KlNG, town, China, v. 635.
Gannal, Jean Nicolas, French chemist,
X. 70.
Gannat, town, France, x. 70.
G.4NNET, bird, X. 70.
Ganoidei, or Ganoids, group of fishes,
I. 275; XII. 686; in Lantester'e classi-
fication, XXIV. 812.
Gans, Edward, German j arist, X. 71.
G.iNSBACHER, Joliann Baptist, Tyrolese
musical composer, X. 72.
Gansha, town, Russia, vill. 146.
Ganymede, in Greek mythology, x. 72.
, Eape of, sculpture by Leochares,
XIV. 454.
Gaols, prisons, xix. 747; discipline of,
XIX. 747; Mrs Fry's reforms, IX. 805;
Howard's, XII. 320.
Gap, town, France, X. 72.
Gar.\, Lough, Ireland, XX. 850; xxil.
159-
Carama (Germa), ancient town. Africa,
IX. 130.
Garasse, Francis, French Jesuit, IX.
661.
Garat, Dominique Joseph, French
writer, X. 73.
, Pierre Jean. French composer and
singei', X. 73.
Garay, Janos, Himgarian poet and his-
torian, X. 73; XII. 378.
Garaye, La, chateau at Dinan, France,
vii 242.
Garbo, Ratfaellino del, Italian painter.
X. 73.
Gar^ao, Pedro Antonio Correa, Portu-
guese poet, X. 74.
Garcia, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
, king of Galicia, Spain, I. 615.
, Adolfo, Peruvian poet, xviii. 676.
, Andres de Cespedes, Spanish
geographer, xvii. 253.
, Manoel, Spanish composer and
singer, X. 74.
, Vicens, Catalan writer, XXII. 364.
DE SiLVA, Don, Spanish envoy to
Persia, XVili. 638.
Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish
soldier and poet, X. 74. See Vega.
Garcilaso Inca de la Vega, Spanish
historian, X. 74.
Garcinia, gi;uu3 of trees, x. 60; xv.
481.
Garczynski, Stephen, poet of the
Ukraine, XIX. 305.
Gard, department, France, X. 75.
Garda, Lake of, Italy, X. 75 ; Xlll.
440.
Gardaia, town. North Africa, X. 76.
Gardelegen,- or Gardeleben, town,
Prussia, X. 76.
Garden Calendar, xii. 29a
Ga?.den City, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., XIV. S66.
G.\rdening. Science and practice of,
xn. 211.
G.\rdie, Count de la, Swedish general
and chancellor, xxii. 748.
G.^rdiner, town, Maine, U.S.A., x.
76.
, Colonel James, Scottish soldier,
76.
, Stephen, bishop of Winchester,
lord chancellor, X. 76; vni. 333, 339.
Gare-Fowl, or Great Auk. x. 78; in.
85, 734-
Garessio, Garesso, or Garezzo, town,
Italy, X. 80.
Garfield, James Abram, president of
United States, XXIlI. 785, 788.
Gar-Fish, x. 80.
Gar- Fowl, or Gare-Fowl (j.f.;, X. 78.
Garganey, bird, X. go.
Gargano, Monte, mountain, Italy, XIIL
439-
Gargantua, Rabelais's work, ix. 65*;
XX. 194, 196.
Gargarus, Mount, Asia Minor, II. 706.
G.iRGOYLE, in architecture, II. 465.
Gargunnock Hills. Scotland, xxii.
553-
Garhakota, town, India, xXL 146.
Garhwal district. India, x. 80; xviL
572.
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, Italian liberator,
XIII. 487, 489; his defence of Rome,
XX. 807 ; his expedition to SicOy and
Naples, IX. 625.
Garin de Montglane. romance, xx.
651.
Garioch, district of Scotland, I. 44.
Gariopontus, mediaival writer on
medicine, XV. 806.
G.arlande, Mathilde de, founder of
Port Royal abbey, XIX. 533.
Garlic, plant, x. 81; xn. 2S3.
Garliestown, town, Scotland, xxrv.
562.
Garments, vl 453.
Garnerin, Jacques, French aeronaut, L
200.
Garnet, precious stone, x. 81, 22S:
XVL 411.
Garnier, Germain, French political
economist, X. 82; XIX. 395.
, J. J., his method of working nickel,
XVII. 487.
, Marie Joseph Francois, French
oSicer and explorer, X. 82; IV. 624;
XXIV. 441.
, Robert, French dramatist, Vll. 423;
IX. 652.
Garnierite, mineral, xvii. 487.
Garnishee, in law, in. 51.
Garofalo, n (Benvenuto Tisio),
Italian painter, xxill. 409.
176
G A R — G A V
Garonne, river, France, X. 83; IX. 506;
at Toulouse, xxiii. 484.
— : — , Haute, department, France, X. 83.
Gar-Pike, fish, xii. 687.
Garrett, J. B. de Almeida, Portuguese
poet, XIX. 557.
Garrick, David, Englisli actor, x. 83;
his influence on English drama, vil.
437-
Garrison, WiUiam Lloyd, American
abolitionist, X. 85; xvil. 433; XXII.
142; XXIII. 767.
Artillery, ii. 664, 668.
Libraries, of British army, lI.
586.
Garrod, Alfred Henry, xjn birds, xviii.
39-
GarrulUS, genus of birds, xill. 610.
Garsauritis, region, Asia Minor, v. 75.
Garter, principal king at arms, XI. 687.
, Order of the, XIV. 122.
Garth, Sir Samuel, English poet, x.
87.
Garua, mists, Peru, xvni. 670.
Garuda, fabulous Indian bird, xx.
611.
Garumna (Garonne), ancient river,
France, X. 83.
Garvie, fish, XXH. 432; fisheries, IX.
262.
Garvogue, river, Ireland, xxil. 159.
Garvolin, town, Russian Poland, xxil.
37-
Garz, town, Riigen, Prussia, XXI. 57.
Gas, or Coal Gas, for lighting, x. 87;
Murdock^s discovery of the applica-
tion of, XVII. 53; as fuel, XXII. 182;
fuel for iron smelting, XIII. 293; for
lighthouses, XI v. 627; vitiation of air
by the burning of, XXI v. 158; natural,
in United States, XXIII. 813.
Gasaland, Africa, Languages of, XXIV.
828.
Gas-Burners, X. 97.
Gas-Carbon, v. 399.
Gascoigne, George, English poet, x. 103.
, Sir William, English chief justice,
X. 103.
, William, inventor of the micro-
meter, XVI. 242; XXIII. 136.
Gascony, province, France, X. 103.
Gas-Engines, xxn. 523.
Gases, defined, vi. 310; dfcsorption-
of, in plants; XIX. 45; in coal-mines,
VI. 72; XVI. 459J density of, XII.
460; diffusion of, vil. 215; diffusion
rate of, XI. 33; dilatation of. III. 35;
Gay-Lussac on dilatation of, X. 122;
elasticity of, VII. S61; Eegnault on
expansibility of, XX. 347; e.i:pansion
of, by heat, XI. 574; laws of, v. 46S;
XXII.. 479; liquefaction of, viii. 732;
magnetism of, xv. 263; molecular
laws of, xvi. 611;. molecular theory,
III. 38; physical properties of, XIX.
240; poisonous, XIX. 279'; volcanic, X.
241; waste, from furnaces, xiii. 307.
Gasfitting, IV. 510.
Gas Furnace, ix. 844.
Gas Harmonicon, i. 115.
Gaskell, Mrs, English novelist, x.
103.
Gas-Lighting, x. 87; introduced by
Accnm, I. 92.
Gasolene, or Gasoline, paraffin and
petroleum product, xviii. 242, 719.
Gasparin, Count Agenor de, French
spiritualist, XXII. 407.
Gasparino, of Barziza, Italian Latin
writer, XIV. 342.
Gas-Poisoning, xv. 781.
6as-Pyrometry, XX. 129.
Gassendi, Pierre, French philosopher,
X. 105; IX. 660; on evolution, VlII.
758.
Gassner, Joseph, German magnetizer,
XV. 277..
Gast, Luo de, trouvere of English birth,
XX. 644.
Gastein, valley, Salzburg, Austria, X.
107; mineral springs of, XVI. 433; con-
vention of (1865), X. 511.
Gasteromycetes, suborder of Fungi,
IX. 833.
Gasteropods, group of Mollusca, xxii.
187.
Gasterostomid.«, family of trematode
.worms, XXIII. 539.
.Gas-Thermometer, xx. 130.
Gaston I.-IV., coimts of Foix, IX. 354.
, Jean Baptiste, duke of Orleans,
XVII. 852.
Gastric C.itarrh, disease, xxii. 574.
Gastric Fever, xxiil 678; in the
horse, XXIV. 203.
Gastric Juice, xvii. 673, 675.
Gastropoda, class of Mollusca, xvi.
641; in Lankester's classification,
XXIV. 813.
Gastrosteus, genus of fishes, xxii.
548.
Gastrula, stage of animal embryo, 11.
51; vin. 747.
Gastrus Equi, animal parasite, XXlv.
205.
Gaszynski, C, Polish poet, xix. 304.
Gataker, Thomas, English di'i'ine, X.
107.
Gatchina, town, Russia, X. 108; XXI.
190.
Gate-House, in architecture, II. 465.
Gatehouse, town, Scotland, xiv. 98.
Gates, Horatio, American general, X.
108; XXIIL 744.
Gateshead, town, England, x. 108.
Gates of Light, Kabbalistic work,
xiu. 813.
Gath, town of the Philistines, x. 108;
xvin. 755.
Gathas, Zoroastrian hymns, xxiv. 775,
777-
Gatinais, district, France, xiv. 809.
Gatine, part of Deux-Sivres, France,
XXI. 710.
Gatling Gun, xi. 2S5; xvii. 286.
Gatty, Mrs Alfred (Aunt Judy), Eng-
lish tale-writer, X. 109.
Gauchos, class of people, Argentine
Republic, Ij. 493.
Gauden, John, bishop of Exeter, x.
109.
Gaudichaud - Beaupr£, Charles,
French botanist, X. 109.
Gaudus (Gozo), island, Mediterranean,'
XV. 341.
Gauermann, Friedrich, Austrian paint-
er, X. 109.
Gaug.\in, J. M., his electrical researches,
VIII. 37; his discharging electroscope,
vui. 118.
Gaugamela, Mesopotamia, Battle of
(331 B.&), I. 482; XV. 140; XVIII.
582.
Gauge, for comparative measurement,
X. no.
, Pressure, xv. 494.
, Railway, XX. 241, 253.
Gauges, Battle of the, for English rail-
ways, IV. 397.
Gauging, of casks, xvi. 28.
Gauhati, town, Assam, India, X. ill.
Gaul, ancient country from Rhine to
Pyrenees, X. in; Csesar's invasion of,
IV. 636; under Rome, XX. 774, 776,
778, 781; coins of, XVII. 635; inhabit-
ants, IX. 527; language, v. 297; libra-
ries, XIV. 512.
Gaulonitis, province, Bashan, III. 410.
Gauls, their attacks on Rome, XX. 740,
743; of Northern Italy, XIII. 446;
under Brennus, IV. 257; in Asia
Miaor, X. 19.
Gaulus (Gozp), island, Mediterranean
Sea, XV. 341.
uAUMATA, the False Smerdis, Persian
usurper," XVIII. 568.
Gaunt, John of, duke of Lancaster,
viiL 319, 327; 32S; XIV. 255; his
patronage of Wycliffe, XXIV. 709.
Gauntlet, armoured glove, x. 692.
Gaur, medijeval tQwn, Bengal, India,
x. 112.
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, German mathe-
matician, X. 116; on determinants, I.
516; his force function, v. 57; on the
distribution of magnetism, XV. 228,
237, 249; on map projection, X. 207;
on the theory of parallels, XVill. 255.
Gaussen, F. S. R. Louis, Swiss theo-
logian, X. 116.
Gaussi.\n Logarithms, xiv. 777;
tables of, xxiil. 12.
Gautama, Siddhartha. the Buddha, iv.
426.
Gautier, Th^ophile, French writer, x.
117; IX. 677.
Gauze, woven fabric, x. nS.
Gavarni (S. G. Chevalier), French cari-
caturist, X. 118; v. 105.
Gavarnie, district, France, XX. 125,
127.
G A V — G E N
177
Gave de Pau, river, France, xviii. 414;
XX. 126.
Gavelkind, system of land tenure,
England, x. 119; v. 800; XIX. 733;
XX- 305. 307; in Ireland, xill, 218.
Gavestqn, Piers, earl of Cornwall. VII.
683; vm. 313.
Gavi;e, group of bii-Q3, XVIII. 45.
Gaviai., Indian crocodile, VI. 593.
Gavre, Prince of (Lamoral Egiuont),
'II. 699.
G.^VRILOVSK, to-ivn, Eussia, XXIV. 271.
Gawler. town. South Australia, XXII.
284.
Gay, Deipmne (Madame E. de Girardin),
French writer, X. 621.
, John, English poet, X. 119; XVlll.
347-
, Marie Franjoise, French authoress,
X. 120.
Gay a, district and town, India, X. 120.
Harbour, British North Borneo,
XXI. 123.
Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis, French
physicist and chemist, X. 121 ; his
balloon experiments, I. 19^; on fer-
mentation, IX. 93; on the combinations
of gases, V. 465; his experiments on
prussic acid, XX. 22 ; his process of
silver assaying, II. 727.
Gaylussite, mineral, XVI. 399; XXII.
240.
Gaysin, town, Russia, xix. 254.
Gaza, town of the Philistines, Palestine,
X. 124; XVIII. 755; battle of (1244),
xxiii. 161.
— [-, Theodorus, Greek scholar, X. 125.
GA2ELLE, antelope, II. loi.
Gazette, London, oflicial newspaper, x.
125; establishment of, XVII. 415.
DE Fra;7CE, newspaper, xvii. 423.
Gazul, Clara, her alleged dramatic
works (M^rimf5e*s), xvi. 37.
C-.calekaland, district of Kaflraria,
louth Africa, Xlll. 817.
Gdoff, to-n-n, Eussin, XXI. 190.
Gean Tree, wild cherry, v. 586.
Gearksutite, mineral, XVI. 384.
Gebal (Jebeil), jmcient town, Syria,
XIII. 613.
Barkal. Ethiopia, PyranuQS of,
joc. 124.
Geber (Abu Musa Dschabii'), early
chemist, X. 125; his discoveries, I. 464.
'« AL-Batani (Al-Battani, q.v.), Ara-
bian astronomer, II. 751.
— B. Aflah, Arabian astronomer,
XXIII. 562.
Gebir, Lander's poem, Xiv. 278.
Gebirol, Ibn (Avicebron, q.v.), Jewish
writer, HI. 152; XIII. 814; xxi. 426.
Gebweiler, town, Alsace, Germany, x.
126.
Gecinus, genus of birds, xxiv. 651.
Geckos, GECKOxiDyE, famOy of Uzards,
X. 126; XIV. 734, 737.
Geo, William, crinter, x. 127. .
Geddes, Alexander Scottish Biblical
critic, X. 127.
, Jenny, originator of uproar against
Scottish liturgy, xxi. 512.
Gedrosia, Parthian satrapy, xviii. 586.
Gedymin, king of Lithuania, xiv.
702.
C-EEL, or Gheel, town, Belgium, x.
562.
Geelong, town, Victoria, Australia, x.
128.
Geelvink Bay, New Guinea, xvii. 386.
Geese, poultry, x. 777; xix. 647.
Geest, district, Oldenburg, Germany,
XVII. 757.
Geestemunde, to\\-n, Germany, x. 128.
GeeZ, language of Abyssinia, I. 64; viii.
612; XXI. 654.
Geezeh, Ghizeh, or Gizeh, Egypt,
Pyramids of, II. 18^; VII. 771; XX.
123.
Gefle, town, Sweden, X. 128; xxii.
742.
Gefleborg, county, Sweden, xxii. 741.
Gegen Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
Gehenna, in eschatology, viii. 536.
Gehlenite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Geib, John, pianoforte maker, Xix. 74.
Geibel, Emmanuel, German lyrist, x.
546.
Geige, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
Geiger, Abraham, Jewish scholar and
theologian, X. 128.
Geijer, Erik Gustar, Swedish historian,
X. 129; XXII. 757.
Geikie, Walter, Scottish subject painter,
X. 129.
Geiler, or Geyler, Johann, of JiSisers-
berg, German preacher, X. 129.
Geisers (Geysers, q.v.), X. 556.
Geisshausler, Oswald, Swiss Reformer,
XX. 331.
Geissler, Heinrich, German physicist,
X. 1 305 his mercurial air-pump, xvi.
30.
Tube, viii. 64; xix. 229.
Geist der Zeit, by Arndt, 11. 622.
Gel.\ (Terranuova), ancient town, Sicily,
X. 130; xxii. 16; coins of, xvii. 639.
Gelasius I., pope, X. 130; xix. 492;
as hymn-writer, XII. 582
IL, pope, X. 130.
Gel.itin, X. 130 ; V. 579; use of. in
photography, XVlli. 828.
, Blasting, or Nitroglycerin, XVII.
520.
Gelatinigera, order o£ Protozoa, xix.
859.
Gelbeisenerz, -mineral, xvi. 402.
Gelderland, ancient duchy, Germany,
XL 243.
Geldern, or Guelders, town, Rhenish
Prussia, XL 244.
Gel^e, Claude (Claude of Lorraine, q.v.),
French painter, v. Si 4.
Gelel;^, chief of Dahomey, VI. 766.
Gelimer. Vandal king, XXIV, 59.
Gelc, Sir William, English scholar .and
antiquary, x, 134.
Gellert, Chi-istian Fitrchtegott, Gcr-
■ man waiter, X. 134, 533; as hymn-
writer, XIL 588.
GelliUS, Aulus, author of the Noctss
Attica;, X. 135; his diction and style,
XIV. 338.
Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse, X. 135;
XXII. 16, 814; coins of, XVII. 638.
Gelonus, Grecian settlement- Russia,
XXL 575.
Gelsemium, plant and drug, x. 135;
XIII. 596.
Gem, X. 136.
Geiiatria, in Mishnah and Kabbalah,
XVII. 626.
Gemblours, Belgium, Battle of (1578),
IX. 37; XIII. 718.
Gemeinde, Prussian administrative
division, XX. 18.
Gemei, Rings, xx. 561.
Gemen, Godfrey de, on Gothland sea
laws, XXI. 585,
Gemeticum (Jumieges), France, Abbey
of, XIII. 772.
Geminiani Francesco. Italian violinist,
X. 136.
f EMISTUS, or Pletho, Georgius, Byzan-
tine scholar, X. 136.
GemMjE, of plants, XX, 423,
Gemma Frisius, on navigation, xvii.
251.
Gemmation, Reproduction by, in
ascidians. xxili. 617; in corals, vi.
373-
Gemot, assembly of the toMTiship, in
early England, IV. 62.
Gems, Engraved, x. 136; engraving of,
XIV. 298; in rings, XX. 560; Etruscan,
vm. 640 ; Greek, II. 353, 358, 363;
Roman, 11. 366.
Gemsbok, antelope, x. 141.
Genauni, Ehajtian people, XX. 505.
Gendarmerie, French police, x. 142.
Genealogy, x. 142.
Genelli, Giovanni Buonaventura, Ger-
man artist, X. 145.
General Average, , xin. 187 ; in
maritime insurance, III. 145.
General Bounce, Whyte Meh-iUe's
novel, XV. 844.
Generation, in biology, x. 146; iii.
687; XX. 407; of moUuscs, XVI. 637,
682; of mosses, XVIL 70; ui tape-
worms, XXIII. 52; Harvey's work on,
XL 505; Oken's theory of, XVII. 750.
, Spontaneous, l. 49; Lamarck on,
XIV. 232 ; Leeuwenhoek'o refutation
of, XIV. 411.
GfeNES (Genoa, q.v.), town, Italy, X. 154.
Genesee, river. New York, U.S.A.,
XVII. 451 ; XX. 614; Portage bridge
across, iv. 328.
Genesis, Book of, xviii. 505; the idea
of God in, XXIIL 236; PhOo's com-
mentary on, XVIII. 762.
i!5— 0
178
G E N — G E O
Genesis, Little, Jewish apocalyptic
book, II. 176.
OF Man, II. 1 10.
Genesius, Byzantine historian, IV. 613.
Genestet, Pieter Augustus de, Dutch
writer, XII. 98.
Genet, or Genette, carnivorous mammal,
X. 146; XV. 436.
Geneva, canton, Switzerland, x. 146 ;
XXII. 778, 794
, town, Switzerland, X. 147 ; XXII.
778; observatory, xvii. 713; univer-
sity, XXIII. 851; Calvin's settlement
at, IV. 717 ; his church organization
at, XIX. 678; Voltaire's residence at,
XXIV. 290.
, to-wn, New York, IT.SA., X. 152.
, Lake of, Switzerland, x. 151; xiv.
317; XXII. 776.
Bible, viii. 387.
Convention, of iS64and 186S, x.
152; I. 666; XIII. 195; of 1872, ii.
313-
GENEVifevE, St, patroness of Paris, x.
152; church of, xvill. 276
DE Brabant, romance, xx. 659.
Genf (Geneva, q.v.), town, Switzerland,
x. 147.
Genga, Annibale deUa (Pope Leo. XII.),
XIV. 452.
—, Bernardin, on surgical anatomy, I.
815.
, Gu-olamo, Italian painter and
architect, x. 152.
Genius, in Greek mythology, XV. 478.
OF Christianitv. by Chateau-
briand, V. 437.
GeNlis, Comtesse de, French authoress,
X. 153.
Gennadius, Byzantine patriarch and
scholar, X. 1 53.
Gennargentu, mountain, Sardinia,
XXI. 307.
Gennaro, San (St Januarius), xiii. 56S.
Gennesaret, Lake of, Palestine, x. 29.
Genoa, to^vn, Italy, x. 154; Doria's
deliverance of, vii. 366 ; its struggles
with Pisa, XIX. 119; contests Avith
Venice, Xlll. 479; xxiv. 144; coins
of, XVII. 657 ; doge of, vil. 332;
libraries, XI v. 548; Voragine's chronicle
of, XXIV. 297.
Gknova, Luchetto da, Italian painter,
X. 158.
Genovefa, St (St Genevieve), patroness
of Paris, x. 152.
Genovesi, Antonio, Italian philosopher
and economist, x. 158; xix. 362.
Genseric, or Gaiseric, king of the
Vandals, X. 159; XX. 781; xxiv. 58;
his defeat of Leo III., xiv. 452;
o^osed by Majorianus, XV. 311.
Gentian, plant, x. 159.
Gentileschi, Artemisia and Orazio de,
Italian painters, x. i6a
Gentili, Alberico, ItaBan jurist, X. 160.
Gentilly, town, France, X. 161.
Gentiopicrin, bitter principle of gen-
tian, X. 160.
Gentium, Jus, in Roman law, xx. 695.
Gentius, Illyrian king, xil. 710.
Gentleman, use of the title, xvii. 524;
XIX. 664; in chivalry, XIV. 117, 119.
Gentleman's Magazine, xiii. 721;
XViii. 537 ; originated by Edward
Cave, V. 271 ; under Nichols, XVII. 486.
Gentle Shepherd, Allan Ramsay's
poem, VII. 437; XVIII. 347; xx. 266.
Gentry, social class, xvii. 524, 529.
Gentz, Friedrich von, German writer
and statesman, X. 161; on the balance
of power in Europe, III. 26S.
Genuates, Ligurian tribe, xiv. 640.
Genucian Law, Roman, xx. 68r.
Genus, in classification, xxii. 372;
XXIV. 78.
Geocichla, genus of birds, XXill. 322.
Geocronite, mineral, XVI. 395.
Geodephaga, group of beetles, vi.
129.
Geodesic Lines, in geometry, xxii.
671.
Geodesy, X. 163; vn. 597; xv. 522,659;
XXII. 696, 701 ; Legendre's papers and
theorem, xiv. 414.
Geodetic Surveys, xv. 522.
Geoffrey, count of Anjou, the first
Plantagenet, XIX. 175.
MALATERRA,earlychronicler,xvii.
547-
0FM0NM0UTH,English chronicler,
X. 172; VIII. 407; XX. 643; his chro-
nicle of Arthur, II. 651; his writings,
V. 315-
Geoffroy, Julien Louis, French journa-
list, XVII. 426.
Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, French
naturalist, X. 173; XVI. 839.
Saint-Hilaire, Isidore, French
zoologist, X. 174.
Geogale, genus of insectivorous mam-
mals, XV. 404
Geognosy, x. 220.
Geographical Distribution, of ani-
mals, III. 684; VII. 267; of plants, vii.
286.
Geography, X. 175; ancient, xv. 516;
of Mela, XV. 832; of Ptolemy, xx.
91; of Strabo, XXIL 5S1; relation of
geodesy to, x. 163; relation of numis-
matics to, XVII. 629; D'Anville's con-
tributions to, VI. 821; Marco Polo's,
XIX. 408; Pytheas's,xx. 143; Rennell's,
XX. 399; Ritter's, xx. 570; Varenius's,
XXIV. 69; Edrisi's work on, VII. 670;
geographical societies, xxii. 228.
Geoid, deformed surface, in surveying,
XXII. "708.
Geok-Tepe, town, Transcaapiaa Region,
Russia, XXIII. 512.
Geological DiSTRiBUTlON,of animals,
VII. 281.
Geology, x. 212 (index, 375); relation
of archaeology to, 11. 333; of mining,
XVI. 440; of ocean formations, xviii.
127; of petroleum, XVIII. 714; Buck-
land's researches in, iv. 420; De la
Beche's contributions to, vii. 39;
Deluc's, VII. 53;- Lyell's, XV. loi ;
Macculloch's, XV. 134; ManteU's, XV.
503; Hugh Miller's, XVI. 319; Murchi-
son's, xvil. 50; Phillips's, XVIII. 758;
Saussure's, XXI. 324; WUIiam Smith's,
XXII. 178; Werner's, XXIV. 502; geo-
logical societies, XXII. 225.
Geometric Series, xxi. 678.
Geometry, X. 376; pure, x. 376; analy-
tical, X. 408; application of the cal-
culus to, xin. 5; of curves, Vl. 716;
dimensions in, VII. 240; drawings and
models for, XV. 628 ; application of
functions in, IX. 818; its place in
mathematics, XV. 629; as applied to
measurement, XV. 659; theory of
parallels in, XVIII. 254; as known to
Ptolemy, XX. 88; use of, in surveying,
XXII. 696; of ApoUonius of Perga, II.
1S8; Euclid's, VIII. 655; Pji,hagorean,
XX. 139; Boetius on. III. S57; Gerbert'a
contributions to, XXII. 76; Leonardo
of Pisa's, XIX. 125; Pappus of Alex-
andria's, XVIII. 230; Plucker's, xix.
228; Poncelot's, xix. 452; Henry J.
S. Smith's, XXII. 173; Steiner's, XXII.
531; Thales's, XXIII. 218; Theodo-
sius's, XXIII. 260.
, Descriptive, XIX. 800.
, Elements of, by Legendre, XIV.
414.
GEOMYID.E, famUy of rodent mammals,
XV. 419.
Geonom.\, genus of palms, xviii. 189,
190.
Georama Globes, x. 683.
Geordie Lamp, for mines, VI. 72.
George, St, patron saint of England,
X. 429-
(of Podiehrad), king of Bohemia,
XIX. 253.
I., king of Great Britain and Ire-
land, X. 420; VIII. 354.
II., X. 421; vin. 355.
III., X. 423; VIII. 356; his dislike
of Fox, IX. 497; his favour for Lord
North, XVII. 554; parliament imder,
XVIII. 308; his support of Pitt, xix.
140.
IV., X. 427 ; vin. 365.
v., king of Hanover, XL 448.
, prince of Denmark, husband of
Queen Anne, II. 62.
of Amboise, archbishop of Eouen,
IX. 554.
, bishop of the Arab tribes, Syriac
writer, xxiL 841.
of Beelthan, Syriac writer, xxiI.
842.
of Cappadocia, Arian archbishop
of Alexandria, x. 429.
of Kaphra, Syriac writer, XXIU
843.
G E O — G E K
179
'George of Martyropolis, Syriac writer,
XXII. S41.
of Mosul and Arbel, Syriac writer,
XXII. 849.
of Pisidia, Byzantine writer, X.
429; XI. 145.
— - of Trebizond, Aristotelian writer,
X 430.
, J. F. L., on the Pentateuch, XVIII.
505, 508.
■George, Kara, (Czemy George), liber-
ator of Servia, vi. 755; XXI. 6S9.
, Lake.Kew York, U.S.A.,XVII. 451.
Dandin, Moli6re's play, XVI. 629.
■Georgenam.4, Persian book, XVIII.
657.
George Sand (Madame Dudevant),
French novelist, VII. 507.
Georgetown, town. Prince Edward
Island, Canada, XIX 740.
, to^v-n, British Guiana, X. 430.
, town, Penang, Malay Peninsula,
XIX 741.
•.^ , town. District of Columbia, U.S. A.,
X 430; observatory, xvil. 715.
, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXII. 288.
George William, elector of Branden-
burg, XX. 6.
Georgia, country of Transcaucasia,
Ba'isia, x. ^^31; xxiii. 514; war with
Persia (1783), XVIII. 646.
:: , State, U.S.A., x. 434; popula-
tion, XXIII. 802; colony of, XXIII.
729.
» , Gulf of, North America, XVIII.
116.
Georgian Islands, Tahiti Archipelago,
xxiH. 22.
Georgian Language, or Karthli, x.
433; dictionaries of, vii. 190.
Georgians, race of people, Transcau-
casia, V. 257; X. 433.
Georgics, of VirgU, XXIV. 252.
Ceorgievsk, tovm, Russia, xxiii. 186.
Georgina, district, Queensland, xx.
172.
Georgius of Pisidia, Greek writer, X.
429; XL 145.
Georgswalde, town, Bohemia, X. 438.
Geortcha, or Koritsa, town, Turkey,
XIV. 141.
Geotropism, in vegetable physiology,
XIX. 59.
Gephyrea, order of Annelida, II. 70.
GzpuyjE, ancient Germanic tribe, xiv.
813.
Cera, town, Germany, x. 438; XX. 494.
Gerace, town, Italy, x. 439.
Geraldines, noble family of Ireland,
IX 271.
Geraldton, town. Western Au-stralia,
XXIV. 507.
Gerando, Marie Joseph de, Frencn
philosopher, Vil. 31.
Geranium, plant, x. 439; xii. 251.
Ger-'.rd (Pope Nicholas II.), xvii. 483.
Gerard, founder of Knighta Hospital-
lers, X. 439; xxi. 174.
of Cremona, Italian writer, X. 439.
, John, English herbalist and sur-
geon, X. 441; on the potato, xix 594.
OF Roussillon, Provencal poem,
XIX. 875.
G ]£rar D, Etienne Maurice, Count, French
general, X. 440.
, Francois, Baron, French painter, x.
440.
, Jean Ignace Isidore, French cari-
caturist, X. 440.
DE Nerval, French writer, x. 441.
DE Riderfort, grand-master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 161.
Ij'Euphrate, romance, XX. 653.
G^RARiSiMER, to«Ti, France, XXIV. 299.
Gerardus Magnus (Gerhard Groot),
founder of Brethren of the- Common
Life, XI. 207; XVL 711; XVII. 134.
Gerasa (Gerash), ancient town, Pales-
tine, X. 441.
Gekba, island. North Africa, X. 44
Gerbe, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
Gerber, Ernst Ludwig, German musi-
cian, X. 442.
Gerberon, Gabriel, Jansenist monk, x.
442.
Gerbert (Pope Sdvester II.), XXII. 74;
archbishop of Rheims, IX. 536; as
scholastic philosopher, XXL 421; on
numerals, XVii. 627.
, Martin, German %vTiter on music,
X. 442.
Gerenis Tchai, river, Asia Minor, II.
708.
Gerez, mountains, Portugal, XIX. 536.
Gerhard I.-III., dukes of Guelderland,
XI. 243.
, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard, Ger-
man archaeologist, X. 442.
, Hubert, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
, Johann,' Lutheran theologian, x.
443-
Gerhardt, Charles Frederic, French
chemist, X. 443; on atomic notation,
V. 466.
, Paul, German hjTun-writer, X.
443. 530; XIL 587.
G£ricault, Jean Louis, French painter,
X. 444.
Gerizim, Mount, Palestine/ x. 444; xxi.
244.
Gerlsdorfer Spitze, Carpathian
Mountains, v. 126.
Germ, in biology, defined, VIII. 746; its
capability of development. III. 42;
XXIV. 815. See Germ Theory, below.
, magazine of the Pre-RaphaeUtes,
XX. 858.
German Catholics, x. 444.
German Dictionary, Adelung's, i.
152.
German Diet (Reichstag), Vll. 199.
German DRA^LA, vii. 440.
German Emperors, in Italy, xiii.
469.
German Flute, xxiii. 519.
Germania, Tacitus's work, xxiii.
20.
GermanicopuLIS, town, Paphlagonia,
Asia Minor, XVIII. 228.
GermanicuS, Caesar, Roman general, X.
445; I. 419; triumphal arch of, at
Saintes, XXI. 167.
German Language, x. 514; diction-
aries of, VII. 187; Grimm's' works on,
XI. 2CX3.
German Literature, x. 522.
German Me.\sles, disease, xv. 658.
German Ocean, xvii. 563.
German Reformed Church, Ame-
rica, XIX 701.
German Silver, x 446; xvn. 488.
Germans, The, in Gaul, ix. 528.
Germany, x. 447 (index, 546); Caesar's
invasion of, IV. 636; its extent under
ChSrlemagne, V. 403; imder the Ferdi-
nands, IX. 77; war with France (1870),
1x627; war of liberation (1809), XVII.
214; Metternich's policy towards, XVI.
20o; relations with the popedom, i6th
century, XX 324; the Renaissance in,
XX. 3S8; Stein's policy, XXIL 531;
under William I., emperor, xxiv. 582;
academies of science in, I. 71; Gothic
architecture, II. 431; arn^y, n. 593;
arsenals, II. 634; revival of art in, VI.
422; artUlery service, II. 658, 660, 665;
banking, ill. 341 ; credit banks, VL
214, 339; birds, XVIII. 17; coallielda,
VL 56; coins, XVII. 658; diet, viL 199;
drama, VII. 440; Fehmgerichte, IX.
63; forefts, iX. 400; history, X. 473;
Jews in, xiii. 680; language, x. 514;
XVIII. 785; libraries, xiv. 513, 526,
546; literature, X. 522; mineral pro-
ducts, xvi. 468; national debt, xvii.
246; navy, xvil. 299; newspapers,
XVIL 428; observatories, XVII. 712;
9pium cultivation, XVII. 792 ; oyster
culture, XVIII. 108; periodical litera-
ture, XVIII. 540; police system, XIX.
343; post office, XIX. 5S3; Presbyterian
Church, XIX. 697; prison system, XIX.
760; railways, XX 251; Reichstag,
VII. 199; technical schools, XXIII. 108;
ancient tenure of land, XIV. 261,
263; university statistics, XXIII. 849;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490; wine
industry, XXIV. 610.
, Tacitus's, XXIII. 20.
Germ-Cell, in embryology, VTII. 163.
Germersheim, town, Rhenish Bavaria,
X. 548.
Germination, of spores, in plants, xx.
429
Germ Theory of Disease, xxl 400,
407; its importance in surgery, XXII.
678.
Gero, margrave of Brandenburg, x. 483.
Gerona, province, Spain, xxil. 298.
180
GEE
H U
Gerona, town, Spain, x. 548; cathedral
At, II. 433
, San, mountain, Spain, xvi. 797.
Gerontius, Roman general, XV. 645.
Gerousia, Spartan senate, XV. 95.
Gerrha, ancient town, Arabia Felix,
X. 54S.
Gerritz, Dirk, Antarctic explorer, XIX.
329.
Gerrus, district, Persia, xvill. 627.
Gerry, Elbridge, vice-president. United
States, xxill. 748.
. Gersdorffite, mineral, XVI. 391.
Gersen, John, abbot of Vercelli, xiv. 33.
Gerson, John Charlier de, French
ecclesiastic and scholar, X. 549; XIV.
32; on reform of church discipline,
XX. 320; as mystic, XVII. 132; as
nominalist philosopher, X2CI. 431; as
Bermon-writer, IX. 64S.
Gersonides, Levi, Jewish philosopher
and commentator, X. 550.
Gersoppa, Falls of, Shimoga, India,
XXI. 803.
Gerstacker, Friedrich, German writer
and traveller, X. 550.
Gertrude of Wyoming, Campbell's
poem, IV. 756.
Gerunda (Gerona^ ancient town, Spain,
X. 548.
Gerundio de Campazas, Isla'a history
of, Xlii. 387.
Gerusalemme Liberata, Tasso's
poem, XIII. 510; XXIII. 76.
gIruzez, Eugene, f'rench critic, ix.
680.
Gervais, Paul, French palaeontologist
and naturalist, x. 551 ; on birds, xviii.
Gervaise of Canterbury, chronicler, X.
551-
Gervase, or Geri-aise, of Tilbury, Eng-
lish Latin writer, X. 552.
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, German
historian, X. 552.
Gesenius, Friedrich Heinrich WOhelm,
German Orientalist, X. 553.
Gesi, Giovanni Battista, Italian musical
composer, XVII. 93.
Gesith, Anglo-Saxon officer of state,
XVIII. 302.
Gesner, Johann Matthias, German
scholar, X. 554; his co-operation with
Emesti, VIII. 536.
, Konrad, Swiss naturalist, X. 554;
XXIV. 804; on birds, XVIII. 3; on
morphology, XVI. 837.
Gessler, Austrian bailiff of Uri, XXIII.
155-
Gessner, Konrad (Gesner, q.v.), Swiss
■naturalist, X.-554.
, Salomon, Swiss painter and poet,
X. 555; XVIII. 348; XXII. 797.
Gesso Work, in wall decorations, xvii.
47-
Gesta Regum, William of Malmes-
bury's work, xv. 336.
Gesta Romanorum, collection of Latin
tales, X. 555.
Gestation, Animal, xx. 410; period
of, in mammals, xiv. 858; of sheep,
I- 394-
Geta, Publius Septimus Antoninus, son
of the emperor Severus, x. 555.
Get^ or Goths, ancient people, vi. 758;
X. 847.
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
Battle of (1863), III. 444; XXIII. 778;
mineral water of, XVI. 436.
Geulincx, Arnold,Flemish philosopher,
X. 556; VII. 126.
Gevelsberg, town, Germany, xxiv.
517-
Gex, town, France, X. $$0.
Geyler, Johann, of Eaisersberg, Ger-
man preacher, X..129.
Geysers, volcanic fountains, x. 5 56, 25 1 ;
in Celebes, v. 289; in Yellowstone
National Park, U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
Gezer, ruined tovra, Palestine, X. 558.
Gezo, chief of Dahomey, vi. 766.
Gfrorer, August Friedrich, German
historian, X. 558.
Ghadames, oasis, Sahara, Africa, xvii.
695; XXIII. 574; town, X. 4.
Ghaggar, river, India, I. 656; xxil.
98.
Ghakkars, Indian race, xil. 791.
Ghalib, Moorish general, XV. 500.
, Sheykh, Ottoman poet, XXIII. 656,
657.
Ghambasso, F. D. L., his glass paint-
ings, X. 670.
Ghardaya, town. North Africa, x. 76.
Gharipur, island, India, viii. 126.
Gharm, or Harm, town. Central Asia,
XIV. 4.
Ghasi Das, Hindu religious reformer,
III. 671.
Ghassan, or the Ghassanids, Kingdom
of, Arabia, II. 255; xvi. 545.
Ghatal, town, India, xvi. 284.
Ghats, or Ghauts, mountains, India,
X. 559; XII. 733; XV. 184.
Ghawazee, Egyptian dancing-girls, Vll.
727.
Ghazal, Bahr al, affluent of the NUe,
Africa, XVII. 506, 508.
Ghazel, or Ghazal, variety of Persian
and Ottoman poetry, XI. 367; XVIII.
656, 659; XXIII. 656.
Ghaziab.'VD. town, Meerut, India, x.
559-
Ghazipur, district and to\vn, India, x.
559-
Ghaznavids, or Gbaznevids, dynasty of
Ghazni, xxil. loi.
Ghazni, town, Afghanistan, x. 559.
, Mahmud of, x. 559; xv. 2S6.
Ghediz Tchai, river, Asia Miaor, 11.
708.
Ghee, Indian butter, x. 562; xvii. 744,
747-
Gheel, town, Belgium, x. 562.
Gheneh, or Kine, town, Egypt, Vll.
776.
Ghent, town, Belgium, x. 562; pacifi-
cation of (1576), XII. 76; library, XIV.
531; pictures in, XXI. 446; university,
IH, 519; XXIII. 850.
, Jodocus, or Justus, of, Flemish
painter, X. 565.
Gherardesca, UgoHno deUa, Italian
count, X. 565; XIX. 120.
Gheriah, or Viziadrug, town and for-
tress, India, X. 566; xxiv. 267.
Gheyns, Matthias van den, bell-founder,
III. 538.
Ghiaggiuoeo, plant, xviii. 52.
Ghibellines, Italian party, XI. 244;
XIII. 472, 475; in time of Dante, vi.
810; in Florence, IX. 333; in Rome,
XX. 796; in Siena, XX. 40.
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor, X.
566; XXI. 568; his painted-glass
designs, X 669.
Ghika, Gregory, voivode of Moldavia,
XXI. 20.
, Scarlatu, hospodar o£ Walachia,
XXI. 18.
Ghilan, or Gilan, province, Persia, x.
566; XVIII. 627.
Ghilgit, district, India, x. 590.
Ghilyaks, race of people, Eastern
Siberia, XV. 548.
Ghilzais, Afghan clan, I. 234.
Ghiorghia (Koritsa), town, Tuikey,
XIV. 141.
Ghirlandajo, Domenico del, Italian
painter, X. 567; XVI. 229.
, Ridolfo, Italian painter, x. 568.
Ghislieri, Michele (Pope Pius V.), XIX.
153-
Ghizeh, or Gizeh (q.v.), Egypt, VII. 770J
pyramid of, II. 385.
Ghizhiga Bay, Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
Ghizni, or Ghazni, town, Afghanistan,
X. 559.
Ghobar Numerals, xvii. 626.
Ghogha (Gogo), town, India, X. 738.
Ghomd.\n, town, Arabia, XXI. 253.
Ghoorkhas, or Goorkhas, Nepalese
race, xii. 805; xvii. 341.
Ghoosla Ghat, landing place at Ben-
ares, India, 11. 397.
Ghor, or Ghur, territory, Afghanistan,
X. 569.
Ghori, or Ghuri, Indian dynasty, X.
569; XV. 346.
Ghost Micrometer, xvi. 256.
Ghosts, ii. 205; xv. 199; in demonOV
logy, VII. 61.
Ghrennah, district, North Africa, Vh
751
Ghulab Singh, ruler of Kasnmir, xiv.
13-
Ghur, territory, Afghanistan, X. 569.
Ghutul (Ghatal), town, India, xvi. 284.
GHUZNEE,or Ghazni, town, Afghanistan,
X. 559.
G H U — G I N
181
Ghuzz, Turkish trihe, XXI. 6;,4; XXIII.
660.
GlACOMiNO of Verona, early Italian
poet,'Xlll. 499-
GiAFAR, or Jaafar, vizier to Harovin
al-Eashid, III. 377.
GlALLO Antico, yellow marble. XV.
529.
GlA Long, Annamese king, xxin. 440.
Giama-nu-ChUj river, Tibet, xxill.
3j9. 341-
Gi.'UiiBELLi, Federigo, Italian military
-ngineer, X. 570.
GiANETTO DA Palestina (Palnstrina),
Italian composer, xviil. 178 ; xvii.
84.
GlANIBELLI, Federigo (Giambelli),
Italian military engineer, x. 570.
Gianni, Lapo, Italian -jraiter, xiil. 502.
GlANNONE, Pietro, Italian historian, X.
570; XXIV. 212.
GiANNUZZi, GiiUio (PippiX Italian
painter, XIX. 112.
Giant, x. 571; xvi. 762.
Giant-Cells, in repair of animal
tissue, XVIII. 366.
Gi.^NTS AND Dwarfs, Stories of, vii.
567.
Giant's Causewav, Ireland, x. 572.
Giants' Staircase, Venice, xxiv. 153.
GlARRE, to\vn, Sicily, X. 572.
GiAVENO, town, Italy, x. 572.
Gib, Adam, Scottish divine, x. 572;
XXIII. 728.
Gibbon, ape, 11. 150.
, Edward, English historian, X. 572;
on the progress of Christianity, V.
696 ; his place in English literature,
VIII. 431.
Gibbons, Grinling, English wood-carver
and decorator, x. 582; v. 169; xxi.
560.
, Orlando, English musical com-
poser, X. 582; XVII. 85.
GiBBS, James, architect, 11. 444.
, James A. E., improver of sewing
machine, XXI. 71c
Gibbsite, mineral, xvi. 3S8.
Gibeon, town, Palestine, X. 583.
Gibraltar, town and fortress, Spain,
X. 583; origin of the name, XVI. 573;
acijuisition of, by Great Britain (1704),
IX. 582; XXII. 336; French attack on
(1779), IX. 594.
, Straits of. Currents in. III. 20; xv.
820.
Gibson, Edmund, bishop of Loudon, x.
586.
, John, bookbinder to James I., iv.
4--
, John, English sculptor, x. 586 ;
XXI. 561.
, Richard, English dwarf, vil. i;68.
Gichtel, Johanh Georg, German
mystic, X. 588 ; editor of Boehme's
works, III. 854; XVII. 135.
Giddiness, Epileptic, disease, viii. 480.
Gideon, of Scripture, x. 588; .xiii. 401.
Gidi, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
Giebel, C. G., on oriiithol(^y, xviil.
14, 21.
GlEN, town, France, x. 589.
Gieraci, or Gerace, to\vn, Italy, x. 439.
GlESECKiTE, mineral, xvi. 418, 425.
GlESELER, Johann Karl Ludwig, Ger-
man church historian, X. 589 ; his
History, V. 765.
GiESHiJ BEL, spa, Bohemia, xvi. 436.
GiESiNG, suburb of Munich, Bavaria,
XVII. 24.
GiESSEN, town, Germany, X. 589 ;
academy of sciences at, l. 72; univer-
sity, XXIII. 845.
GiFFORD, George, writer on witchcraft,
XXIV. 621.
, William, English writer, X. 590.
Giffordgate, Haddington, Scotland,
birthplace of John Knox, XI. 363;
XIV. 130
Gift, in law, x. 590.
Gig, boat, XXI. 31, S25.
Gigantomachia, on altar at Per-
gamum, XV. 143.
Gigia (Gijon), ancient town, Spain, x.
590.
GiGLl, Girolamo, Sienese scholar and
philologist, XXII. 43.
GIGLIO, island, Italy, XIII. 440.
GlHON, river. Central Asia, xviil. loi.
, Well of, Jerusalem, XIII. 639.
GlJON, town, Spain, X. 590.
GiLAN, or Ghilan, province, Persia- X.
566; XVIII. 627.
Gilb.\rt, John William, English wi-iter
on banking, X. 591.
Gilbert, St, of Sempringliam, English
monk, X. 593.
(GUbertus Anglicus), English writer
on medicine, XV. 807.
, Franjois Hilaire, French veteri-
nary surgeon, XXIV. 198.
, Sir Humphrey, English navigator,
X. 591; governor of Newfoundland,
XVII. 385.
, Nicolas Joseph Laurent, French
poet, X. 591; IX. 665.
, William, English scientist, X. 592;
on electricity, Viii. 3; on magnetism,
XV. 221.
DE LA PORRiE, French philosopher,
X. 592; XXI. 423.
GiLBERTlNES, order of monks, xiv.
656.
Gilbert Islands, Pacific Ocean, xvi.
256; XVIII. 128; XIX. 426.
Gilbertite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Gilbert's Act, English poor law, xix.
467.
Gilbert's Peak, Uintah Range, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 796; XXIV. 19.
Gil Blas, Le Sage's romance, xiv. 472.
Giluoa, Palestine, Battle of, XIII. 404.
Gilchrist, Harold, Norwegian chief,
XVII. 588
Gilchrist, John, Hindi and Urdu
scholar, XI. 849.
Gild, or Guild (q-v.), xi. 259; vi.
39-
Gildas, early British Mstorian, x. 593;
V. 315; XX. 643.
, missionary to Ireland, Xlii. 249.
Gildebert, bishop of Tours, XI. 814.
Gilding, x. 593; v. 169; for house
decoration, IV. 508; electro, vill. 116.
Gilead, of Scripture, X. 594; xvi. 534;
XVIII. 176.
Giles, St, x. 595.
GiLFiLLAN, George, Scottish man o£
letters, X. 595.
Gilgal, of Scripture, X. 596.
Gilgit, district, India, X. 596.
Gill, Alexander. Milton's schoolmaster,
XVI. 324.
, David, his micrometer, xvi. 246.
, John, English Rabbinical scholar,
X. 599.
, Lough, Irelana, XXII. 159.
GiLLAROO, fish, XXI. 223.
Gillespie, George, Scottish divine, X.
599-
, Thoma.s, founder of Scottish Relief
Church, X. 599; XIX. 685; xxill. 728.
Gillies. John, Scottish historian, x.
599-
GiLLis's Land, island, Spitzbergen,
XXII. 408.
GiLLMAN, James, friend of Coleridge.
VI. 136.
GiLLOLO, or Jilolo, island. Indian Archi-
pelago, XIII. 692.
GiLLRAY, James, English caricaturist
X. 600; v. 104.
Gills, of fishes, xil. 636, 656; xx. 475.
GiLLY, William Stephen, wi'iter on the
Waldensian Church, xxiv. 325.
Gillyflower, plant, x. 601; xix. 107.
GiLOLO, or Jilolo, island. Indian Archi-
pelago, XIII. 692.
Gilpin. Bernard, English clergyman, X.
601.
, William, English WTiter, X. 602.
GiLYAKS, race of people, Saghalin, Asia,
XXI. 147.
GiMiRR/E, the Cimmerians, XV. 100.
Gimlet, boring tool, xi. 438.
GiMMEL Rings, xx. 561.
Giiisd, island, Norway, XIV. 769.
Gin, spirituous liquor, x. 602.
GiNCKELL, Godart van, earl of Ath-
lone, x. 602.
GiNDARUS, Syria, Battle of (38 B.C.),
xviii. 597.
Gindely, Antonine, Bohemian his-
torian, xxii. 153.
GiNESTRA, La. Leopardi's lyric, xiv.
465.
GiNGELLY Oil, xvii. 746; XXI. 693.
Ginger, plant and spice, x. 603.
Gingham, textile fali'ic, x. 604.
Gingko Nut, xvii. 1)64.
Gingst, lown, Siigei'; Prussia, XXI. 57.
182
G I N — G L A
GiNGUENi, Pierre IvOius, French writer,
X. 604.
Ginseng, plant and drug, x. 605.
GlOBERTi, Vincenzo, Italian philoso-
phical writer, X. 605; Xlll. 4S7, 489,
516.
GIOCONDA, La, Leonardo's painting,
XIV. 460.
GlOCONDO, Fra, Veronese architect,
XXIV. 172.
GlOJA, Melchior, Italian philosophical
writer, X. 606; XIX. 387.
GIORDANI, Pietro, Italian writer, XIII.
5'S-
Giordano, Luca, Italian painter, x.
606.
Giorgio of Qubbio, Italian majolica
worker, XIX. 626.
GlORGiONE, Italian painter, X. 607; his
reLitions with Titian, xxill. 414.
GlOTTiNO, Italian painter, X. 6c8.
Giotto, Italian painter, x. 609; ix. 77 1 ;
XXI. 434; his glass paintings, X.
669.
GlOVAN GaSTONE, grand-duke of Tus-
cany, XV. 793.
Giovanni da Bologna, Italian sculp-
tor, XXI. 569.
Giovanni da Gaeta (Pope Gelasms
II.), X. 130.
GlOVlNAZZO, to^vn, Italy, X. 611.
Giovio, Paolo. Italian historian, XIII.
756.
Gipsies, x. 611; in India, iii. 460; of
Transylvania, xxill. 522; dictionaries
of their language, VII. 189.
Gipsy Hill, Norwood, London, xvii.
596.
Giraffe, ungulate mammal, x. 618;
XV. 432.
Giralda, bell-tower, Seville, Spain,
XXI. 709.
Gir-ILDES, Affonso, Portuguese poet,
XIX. 556.
Giraldi, GigUo Qregorio, Italian scho-
lar, X. 620.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian novelist,
X. 620.
GIRALDUS Cambrensis, historian and
ecclesiastic, III. 392.
Girandole, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
Girard, Albert, Dutch mathematician,
xxili. 562; on imaginary quantities in
algebra, I. 514; on porisms, xix. 520.
, Philippe Henri de, French mechani-
cian, X. 620; inventor of flax-spinning
apparatus, XIV. 664.
, Stephen, American philanthropist,
X. 621.
College, Philadelphia, U.S.A., x.
621; XVIII. 740.
Girardin, Madame Emilc dc, French
authoress, X. 621.
, Saint- Marc, Frencn politician and
critic, X. 621.
GiRARDON, Francois, French sculptor,
X. 627
GirarDOW, town, Russian Poland, X.
620.
GiRART DE RoussiLLON, Proven9al
poem, XIX. 87 5.
Girasol, mineral, XVI. 390.
Girders, in bridges, iv. 297.
Girdle, article of dress, X. 622.
Girgeh, town. Upper Egypt, X. 623;
viL 775.
Girgenti, town, Sicily, x. 623; xxil.
31-
GiRiN, or Kirin, to^vn, Manchuria, Xiv.
96.
GiRlSHK, fort, Afghanistan, I. 230.
Girling, Mary Ann, leader of English
Shakers, XXI. 737.
GiRODET DE. RoussY, Anne Loius,
French painter, X. 623.
GlRON, Francisco Hernandez. Peruvian
rebel, XVIII. 677.
, Pedro Tellez, duke of Osuna, XX.
178.
GiRONDE, department, France, X. 624.
Girondists, French Revolutionary
party, IX. 602, 605; XX. 602, 624, 625;
their contest with Marat, XV. 527; Ver-
gniaud's connexion with, XXIV. 165.
Girvan, town. Scotland, X. 624.
G ISC ALA, John of, Jewish party leader,
XIII. 427.
GisiiONDiNE, mineral, xvi. 423.
Gisors, to-vvn, France, x. 624.
Gitagovinda, Brahman drama, xxi.
285.
Gitschin, town, Bohemia, x. 624.
Giunta, family of Italian printers, XV.
514.
Pls.^NO, Italian painter, X. 624;
his method of fresco-painting, IX.
770.
Giurgevo, town, Roumania, x. 624.
Giustendil, or KostendU, tcnvn, Bul-
garia, XIV. 143.
Giusti, Giuseppe, Italian satirist, x.
625; XIII. 516.
GIUSTINIANI, prominent Italian family,
X. 625; XXIV. 635.
, Agostino, X. 626: on nenry VIII.'s
character, XI. 663.
GiusTO DA GuANTO (Justus of Ghent),
flemish painter, X. 565.
GiVET, town, France, X. 626.
GIVORS, to-\vn, France, X. 626; XX.
529.
GiZEH, town, Egypt, Vll. 770; mummies
of, XVII. 21; pyramids at, v. 582; VII.
770; XX. 123.
GjENDE, lake, .Norway, XVII. 576.
Gl.\cial Action, Agassiz's researches
on, I. 276.
Glacial Period, in geology, 11. 335;
X. 365.
Glaciarium, artificial ice for skating,
XXII. 105.
Glacier, Glaciers, mountain ice, x.
626; geological action of, X. 2S1;
of the Alps, I. 632; of the Caucasus, v.
257; of the Himalayas, XI. 831; cf
Norway, xvii. 578 ; of Spitzbergen.
XXII. 408; J. D. Forbes's observations
on, IX. 391.
Glacis, in fortification, ix. 429, 445.
Glad BACH, or Bergisch-Gladbaciv
tovra, Prussia, X. 631.
, or Monchen-Gladbach, town.
Prussia, X. 631.
GlaDDON, plant, ix. 279.
Gladi.\tors, of the Roman arena, x..
631, 66.
Gladiolus, garden plant, x. 632; xiL
255.
Gladstone, WUliam Ewart, Briti^
statesman, VIII. 367.
Glagerite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Glaisher, J., his balloon ascents, l_
195.
Glamorgan, county, Wales, x. b^};:
popidation and representation, xxiii.
727.
Glance, arsenical nickel, xvil. 4S7.
, Silver, xxii. 69.
Coal, or Anthracite (q.v.), xvi_
429.
Glanders, disease, x. 634; xviii. 406;
XXIV. 202.
Glands, of mammals, xv. 348; influence
of nervous action on, Xix. 30; secret-
ing, in man, 1. 84S; xvn. 671; tum-
ours of the, xviii. 379; of reptiles, XX..
459; of plants, IV. 91.
Glanis, fish, XXII. 67.
Glanvil, or GlanvUl, Eaniilph de^
early English jurist, X. 635.
Glanvill, Joseph, English philoso-
phical writer, X. 635; on scepticism,
XXI. 3S2.
Glanvilla, Bartholomew de, his De^
Proprietatibus Remin, VIII. 193.
Glareol.4, genus of birds, xix. 659.
Gl.\rus, or Glaris, canton, Switzerland,
X. 636; XXII. 778, 783; tovra, X. 636;
XXII. 778.
Gl.\s, John, founder of Qlassite sect, X-
637-
Glaser, Christopher, Swiss chemist, X-
637-
Glaserberg, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
Glaserite, mineral, X. 637; XVI. 400.
Glasgow, town, Scotland, X. 638;
population, XXI. 528 ; origin of the
name, Xiv. 41 ; cathedral cryjit, Vi.
668 ; libraries, xiv. 523, 543; news-
papers, XVII. 423; observatory, xvii.
710; railways, XX. 240; universit)',
XXIII. S43, 854; waterwoi'ks, 11. 224.
GL.4SS, history and manufacture, X. 647;
absorption of light by, XIV. 601, 607;
colours of ancient, xxiv. 427; cutting
of, with diamond, VII. 167 ; manu-
facture of, in Bohemia, III. 120;
mirrors, IX. 849; XVI. 500; painting;
en, X. 667; used by Romans, II. 42:.
Glasses, Eye, xxii. 372.
G L A — G N E
183
Glassites, Scottish religions denomina-
tion, X. 637.
Glassius, Solomon, German Eiblical
critic, X. 674.
GlassophaGvE, group of bats, XV. 414;
XXIV. 52.
Glass-Snake, lizard, xiv. 735.
Glass Tears, philosophical toy, n. 63.
Glass-Works, Venetian, xvn. 4S;
XXIV. 156.
Glastonbury, town and abbey, Eng-
land, X. 674; XXII. 25S; legend of,
v. 325.
Glatz, town, Prussia, x. 675.
Glaijber, Johanu Eudolph, German
hemist and alchemist, X. 675; v. 460.
Glauberite, mineral, XVI. 400.
Glauber's Salt, mineral and drug,
X. 675; V. 505; XVI. 40L
Glauce, of Greek legend, XV. 777.
Glauchau, town. Saxony, x. 676.
Glaucias, of Tarentum, Alexandrian
physician, XV. 801.
Glaucodote, mineral, xvi. 390.
Glaucojia, eye disease, xvii. 783.
Glauconite, mineral, XVL 415.
Glaucoph.^NE, mineral, XVi. 418.
Glaucopis, epithet of Athene, II. 831.
Gl.\UCUS, in Greek mythology, X. 676.
, reputed discoverer of iron-welding,
II. 348.
Sinus, gulf, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
Glaze, vm. 182; in pottery, xix.
6or.
Gl.jvzier's Diamond, vii. 167.
Gl.azier Work, iv. 509.
Glazing, in painting, xviii. 138.
Glazoff, to\\-n, Russia, xxiv. 303.
Glebe, in ecclesiastical law, x. 676.
Glede, bird-, xiv. 103.
Glee, in music, x. 677.
Gleek, card game, XIX. 282.
Gleeman, ancient minstrel, xvi. 479.
Gleig, George, bishop of Brechin, X.
677; editor of Encyclopcedia Britan-
nica, 3d edition, viii. 200.
Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig, Ger-
man poet, X. 677, 534.
Gleiwitz, town, Prussia, X. 677.
Glen, \-alley, xxi. 524.
Glencoe, valley, Scotland, II. 499;
massacre of (1692), XXI. 518; XXII.
445; William III.'s connexion with
the massacre, xxiv. 580.
Glendalough, valley, TVicklow, Ire-
land, XXIV. 557, 558.
Glendower, Owen, Welsh prince, X.
678; XI. 660; revolt of, VIII. 320.
Glenelg, river, Australia, in. ic;
XXIV. 216.
Glenluce, town, Scotland, xxiv. 563.
Glen of the Downs, Wicklow, Ire-
land, XXIV. 557.
Glevre, llarc Charles Gabriel, French
painter, X. 678
Glinka, Fedor Nikolaevich, Russian
poet, X. 679.
Glinka, Michael Ivanovich, Russian
composer, X. 679.
, Sergy Nikolaevioh, Russian writer,
X. 680.
Glisson, Francois, French anatomist.
1. 811; XVI. S22.
Globe, shape of the earth, 11. 700.
, Geographical, X. 680; XV. 516.
Globe-Fish, x. 6S5; xii. 694.
Globe Theatre, London, in time of
Shakespeare, XXL 761.
Globicephalus, genus of cetacean
mammals, XV. 399.
Globicerina, genus of Foraminifera,
IX. 378.
Ooze, in Norwegian Saa, xvii.
593; in Pacific Ocean, XVIII. 123.
Globigerinide.\, order of Protozoa,
XIX. 847.
Glochidium, phase of development of
moUuscs, XVI. 693.
Glockner, mountain, Eisenach, Ger-
many, XXI. 349
Glockner, Gross, mountain, Carin-
thi; , Austria, I. 629.
Glogau, town, Prussia, X. 6S5; XXII.
53-
Gloger, C. W. L., on birds, XVIII. 23.
Glommen, river, Norway, XVII. 575.
Glonoin, or Nitroglycerin, xvn. 520.
Gloria in Excelsis, doxology, vii.
384-
Gloria Patri, doxology, vii. 384.
Glory, or Corona, optical phenomenon,
xxiv. 435. See also xiv. 597.
Gloss, x. 686; on the canon law. v.
20.
— —, Biblical, X. 687; XI. 746.
Glossa Ordinari.\, Walafrid's work,
XXIV. 320; X. 687.
Glossary, Glossator, x. 686.
Glossic Spelling, xviii. 812.
Glossina, genus of insects, XXIII. 601.
Glossogr-apher, X. 686.
Glossology, science of language, xviii.
765.
Glossop, to-n-n, England, X. 687.
Glossophag.\, genus of tets, XV. 414.
Glossophora, branch of JloUusca, xvi.
641.
Gloster, town. Sierra Leone, West
A.frica, XXII. 45. ,
Glottis, in relation to the voice, xxiv.
273; spasm of the, VI. 617.
Gloucester, county, England, x. 687;
population and representation, XXIII.
727-
, town, England, X. 6go; effigy of
Robert of Normandy in cathedral,
XXI. 55S; friary at, I. 21.
, tovm, Ma-ssachusetts, U.S.A., x.
691.
, Robert of, English chronicler, XX.
596.
, Duke of (Thomas of Woodstock),
XIV. 256.
Glove, x. 6f ;; xiv. 389.
Glover, Richard, English writer, x.
693.
Glow-Worm, beetle, vi. 132; xviii.
814.
Gloxinia, stove plant, xii. 266.
Gluchow, or Glukhoff, town, Russia.
X. 695; xxril. 96.
Glucinum, chemical element, x. 693;
V. 526.
Gluck, Christopher Willibald, German
« musical composer, X. 693; XVII. 94;
XIX. 79; contrasted with Mozart, XVll.
10.
Gluckstad-^, town, Prussia, X. 695.
Glucose, in chemistry, x. 695; v. 564,
572; vn. 146, 147; IX. 93; X. 41;
XI.X. 54; XXII. 623.
Glucosides, substances containing glu-
cose, -ix. 96; V. 572.
Glue, form of gelatin, x. 133; use of,
in joiner)', iv. 489.
Glukhoff, to\™, Russia, x. 695; x.xiii.
96.
Gluten, or Glutin, albuminous suo-
sta.ice, x. 130, 695.
Glutton, carnivorous mammal, x. 696;
XV. 440.
Glyc.as, Michael, Byzantine historian,
X. 697.
Glycerin, or Glycerine, in chemistry,
X. 697; V. 564; xvii. 740; XXII. 202.
Glycogen, starch in nutrition, xvn.
6S0.
Glycols, in chemistry, v. 564; Wurtz's
discovery of, XXIV. 703.
Glvcvrrhiza, genus of plants, Xiv.
687.
Glyndwr, Owen (Glendower, j.r.),
Welsh prince, X. 673.
Glvoxylin, form of dynamite, xvn.
521.
Glyptodon fossil armadillo, 11. 545;
XV. 388.
Glyptothek, art gallerj- at Mumch,
Bavaria, xvn. 25.
Gjielin, Johann F., on birds, xvill. 7. ]
, Johann Georg, German naturalist,
X. 699.
, Leopold, German chemist, X. 699.
, Samuel Gottlieb, German natural-
ist, X. 700; as traveller in Persia, XX.
2S6.
Gmelinite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Gmelin's Blue, xx. 24.
Gmina, Polish conimime, xix. 311.
Glili;ND,town, Germany, X. 700; popula-
tion, XXIV. 701.
Gmunder See, lake, Switzerland, xiv.
218.
Gnat, insect, x. 700; xni. i;o; xvi.
866.
GNATHOEDELLID.C, family of leeches,
XIV. 404.
Gnedich, N. I.", Russian poet, xxi. 107.
Gneisenau, August W.A., Count von,
Prussian general, XVU. 22o.
Gneiss, rock, x. 236.
184
G N E — G O L
GnESEN, town, Prussia, X. 700.
Gnomon, various meauings of the term,
XX. 140; of dial. VII. 153; Pytheas's
use of, X. 176.
Gnomonics, or dialling, vii. 153.
Gnossus, or Cuossus, to\\-n, Crete, VI.
44-
Gnostic Antinojiians, ii. 129.
Gnosticism, x. 700 ; xi. -36; xxiii.
278; its influence on Neoplatonism,
XVII. 335 ; in relation to Christianity,
V. 694 ; to Epistle to the Ephesians,
VIII. 464 ; to JIanichaiism, XV. 4S4 ;
to Mai'cionitism, xv. 535 ; St Paul's
relations to, XVIII. 423; of Carpo-
crates, V. 133; Mandaan, XV. 468; of
Origen, XVII. 841; Eaur. on, III. 44S;
Iren^us on, XIII. 273, 274; Clemens
Alexandrinus on Christian Gnosticism,
V. 819.
Gnu, antelope, X. 705; 11. loi ; XV.
432.
Goa, Portuguese settlement, India, x.
706; XII. 797.
Go.\GNAZES, Brazilian tribe, IV. 228.
GOAJIRA, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
GOALPARA, district and town, Assam,
India, X. 707.
GoA Powder, drug, x. 707.
Goat, ungulate mammal, X. 70S; XV.
432; breeding and rearing of, I. 399;
Angora, 11. 45, 710; wild, of India,
XII. 742; hair of, -Wi. 544; milk of,
XVI. 303; skins of, for tanning, xiv.
380, 3SS.
Island, Niagara, Americ;i, xvii.
472.
Goatsucker, bird, x. 711.
GOBANNIUM (Abergavenny), Roman
station, England, xvi. 754.
Gobelin, French family of dyers, X.
712; their carpet-s, v. 128; their tapes-
try, V. 128; XXIII. 212.
Gobelins, stream, Paris, xviii. 274.
Gobelinus, copyist of Pius II.'s Com-
mentaries, XIX. 153.
Gobi, desert, Central Asia, x. 712; II.
687; XXIII. 632.
Gobio, genus of fislies, XI. 243; XVI.
320.
Goby, fish, x. 714; xii. 690.
GocH, Johann von, German Reformer,
XX. 325.
God, Doctrine of (Theism), xxiii. 262;
idea of, xviii. 686; xxiii. 235, 245,
248; the name Jehovah, XIII. 619;
fehovah the God of Israel, xiii. 409;
the kingdom of, v. 692; man's know-
ledge of, II. 190; in relation to the
Logos, XIV. 804; Anselm on the
existence of, II. 92; in Arabian philo-
sophy, II. 266; Aristotle's ideas of, II.
522; Baader on our knowledge of,
III. 174; Celsus on, v. 296; Samuel
Clarke on the existence of, v. 8 12;
Comte's \-iews, vi. 237; Descartes on
the idea of, v. 144; vii. 123; Eckait's
theory, vii. 642; Erigena's theory,
vni. 523; -Snsebius's views, viii.
722 ; Fichte's theory, IX. 138 ; in
Kabbalistic theosophy, XIII. 811;
Leibnitz on the being of, XI v. 422;
Locke on the existence of, XIV. 761;
Malebranche on the idea of, v. 148;
Manichtean theory, xv. 4S3; Neopla-
toiiic idea, XVII. 335; Philo's theory,
XVIII. 761; Schleiermachei-'s tlieory,
XXI. 41 1, 413; Spinoza on the idea of,
V. 153; Taoist teaching, XIV. 297;
theosophic knowledge of, XXIII. 278;
Vico's idea, XXI v. 212; Xenophaoes's
theory, XXI v. 719.
G0D.\LMING, town, England, x. 714;
XXII. 694.
GODARD, Eugene, his lire-balloon, i.
192.
GODAV.\Ri, or Godavery, district, India,
X. 714; river, x. 714; xv. 184.
GODEFROY, or Gothofred, French
family (Deni^, Jacques, and Theodore),
X. S46.
Godfather, sponsor, xxii. 429.
Godfrey of Bouillon, crusader, vi.
624; IX. 538.
, Sir Edmondbury, his murder,
XVII. 697.
, Thomas, inventor of a sextant,
XXI. 725.'
GODK.WN, toxni, Disco Island, Green-
land, XI. 171.
Godhead, The, heresies concerning it,
XI. 736.
GODIVA, Lady, of Coventry, VI. 530.
Godmother, sponsor, xxii. 429.
GODOLPHIN, Euvl of, English states-
man, x. 715; his relations with
Harley, XVIII. 100.
Barb, progenitor of race-hoi-ses,
XII. 183, 185.
GODOV, Jlanuel de, duke of Alcudia,
Spanish minister, I. 471; IX. 83;
XVII. 213; XIX. 550; XXII. 342.
Gods, of mythology, xvii. 136, 139,
146.
Godthaab, district, Greenland, XI.
170.
God-Tree, of the Himalayas, v. 286.
GODUNOFF, Boris, czar of Russia, XXI.
93-
Godwin, or Godwme (j.v.), earl, x. 719.
, Francis, English ^n-iter, x. 715.
, Mary Wollstonecraft, English
^VTiter, X. 716.
, Mary Wollstonecraft, wife of
Shelley, xxi. 789, 791.
, William, English writer, X. 717;
on reason, viii. 609; J>i3 relations with
Shelley, xxi. 791.
Godwine, earl of the West-Saxons, x.
719; VII. 6S2; VIII. 288, 289, 290.
Godwit, bird, x. 720.
GomEagot, legendary giant, X. 172.
Goes, town, HoOand, x. 720.
Goes, Benedict, Easterp traveller, x
183; XXIV. 728.
, Hugo van der. Flemish painter.
X. 721.
, Jan van der, Dutch poet, II. 138;
XII. 95.
Goethals, Henry (Henry of Ghent),
scholastic writer, XI. 674.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Ger-
man fioet and dramatist, X. 721; his
birthplace in Frankfort, IX. 707; on
educciion, VII. 677 ; on embryology
and morphology, XVI. 839 ; his in-
fluence on the German drama, Vii.
442; influence on German literature,
X. 537 ; Eckermann's relations with,
VII. 641; his controversy with Oken,
XVII. 751; his relations with Schiller,
XXI. 397.
Museum, at Weimar, xxiv. 491.
GOETZ, Hermann, German musical
composer, X. 737.
GOEZE, Johann Melchior, German theo-
logian, XIV. 481.
GoEZM.\N, Louis v., his connexion with
Beaumarchais, III. 468.
Goffart, Auguste, on ensilaae, XXU
67.
GOFFE, Tliomas English pastoral ]X)et,
XVIII. 347.
Gog, of Scripture, x. 73S.
(Gyges, q.v.), Lydian king, XV. 100.
AND Magog, x. 172.
G0G.\RI. or Gogra, river, Nepal, xvii.
340-
Gog MAGOG Hills, Cambridgeshire,
England, IV. 732.
GOGO, town, India, X. 738.
Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich, Russian
writer, X. 738; XXI. 107.
GOGRA, river, Nepal and India, XVII.
340, 572.
Gohelwar, district, India, XIV. 15.
GoHREN, village, Riigen, Prussia, XXI.
57-
Goidel (Gaels), v. 297; in Ireland,
XIII. 244, 246; in Scotland, XXI. 473;
in Wales, XVIII. 482.
GoiTO, to-,™, Italy, X. 739.
Goitre, disease, x. 739; vi. 573; xill.
98; XVIII. 384.
GoK Su, riTer, Asia Minor, II. 708 ; v.
776.
Goktcha, Lake, Transcaucasia. Kussia,
XXIII. 514.
GoLAD, tribe, Lithuania, XIV. 702.
Golava Gora, mountain. Eastern
Siberia, xv. 548.
Golconda, town, India, X. 740 ;
diamonds of, vii. 164.
Gold, precious metal, x. 740; as chemical
eleaf.ent, V. 529; cyanide of, XX. 23;
as mineral, xvi. 382 ; adulteration
of, I. 176; in alchemy, 1. 464; assay of
alloys, II. 724; coinage, XVL 482;
effect of discoveries on commerce, VI,
206; in relation to exchange, viu
o L — a o o
185
789; its use as money, XVI. 723; oies
of, XVI. 58; dressing of ores, XVI. 4651
production of, IV. 518 ; XVI. 467;
production in England, VIII. 229;
supply of, XVI. 728; its value in rela-
tion to silver. Xvi. 729, 735; XXII. 73;
in Australia^ III. 109; in Austria, HI.
120; in Bolivia, IV. 13; in Brazil, iv.
224; in Brstish Columbia, VI. 169; in
California, I. 716; IV. 701; in Celebes,
V. 288; in Colombia, South America,
VI. 154; in Colorado, VI. 161; inliidia,
XII. 765; in Ireland, Xlll 218; in
Japan, xni. 572; in Khotan, East
Turkestan, XIV. 67; in Mexico, XVI.
216; in New South Wales, XVll. 409;
in New Zealand, XVII 467 ; in
Philippine Islands, xvill. 750 ; in
Eussia, XXI. 85; in Siberia, XX 4, 10;
XXIII. 511; XXIV. 742; in United
States, XXIII. 811,814; ^ XJraX Moun ■
tains, XXIV. 5; in Venezuela, XXiv
140; in Victoria, xxiv. 216.
GoLD.\ST, Melchior Haiminsfeld, Ger-
man historian, X. 754.
GOLDBE.\riNG, X. 752.
Goldberg, town, Prussia, x. 755; Trot-
zendorfFs school at, XXIII. 5S9.
Gold Cloth, xxiii. 210.
Gold Co.\st, West Africa, x. 755; i.
269.
Golden Ass, -ipuleius's work, 11. 215.
Golden Bull, x. 757; of the empire
(1356), X. 757, 495; V. 413; chaiter of
Hungary (1222), XII. 36S.
Golden Chersonese, or Malay Pen-
insula, XV. 321; XX. 93.
G4 LDEN E.'iGLE, VII. 590; XIV. 244.
Golden-Eye, bird, x. 757.
Golden Fleece, of Greek legend, II.
496; XIII. 596; XV. 776.
Golden Fleece, Spanish order of
knighthood, iv. 395; XXII. 303.
Golden G.^TE, San Francisco, XXI. 262.
Golden Hind, Drake's ship, vii. 390.
Golden Horde, of Mongols, vi. 5S7;
XVI. 746.
GOLDEI' Horn, at Constantinople, vi.
302; origin of the name, IV. 615.
Golden Legend, Longfellow's poem,
XIV. 861.
Golden Legend, of Voragine, xxiv.
297-
Golde.n Number, in calendar, iv. 670.
Golden Oriole, bird, xii. 6g6.
Golden Plover, bird, xiv. 308.
Golden Rose, papal gift, x. 758.
Golden Svrup, xxn. 627.
Goldfinch, bird, x. 758; xxii. 99.
Goldfish, x. 759.
Gold Hill, town, Nevada, U.S.A., X.
759; xvii. 368.
Goldingen, town, Russia, X. 759.
Gold Ink, xiii. 81.
Gold Lace, x. 753.
Gold-Mining, iv. 701; x. 745. See
also Mining.
Goldoni, Carlo, Italian dramatist, X.
759: VII. 419; XIII. 513.
Gold Plate, xix. 178.
Goldschmidt, Hermann, German
painter and astronomer, X. 760.
, Joannes, Lutheran divine, HI. 89.
, Meyer Aron, Danish novelist, VII.
93-
GOLDSINNV, fish, XXIV. 686.
Goldsmith, Oliver, English writer, X.
760; as dramatist, Vii. 438; as satirist,
XXI. 320; his place in English litera-
ture, VIII 429, 431.
Goldstucker, Theodor, German Orien-
talist, X. 764.
Gold Thread, xxiii. 209.
Gold Wire, xxiv. 615; ancient manu-
facture of, XXIII. 210.
Golett.\, seaport, Tunis, xxill. 621.
Golf, game, x. 765.
GoLiARDi, niediieval song-writers, x.\.
3S3.
GOLIAS Episcopus, early English work,
XV, 523.
Goliath's Castle, Jerusalem, xiii.
GoLlTZlN,Vasilii, Russian minister, x.xi.
96.
GOLius, Jacobus, Dutch Orientalist, X.
768.
GOLLNITZ, or Golnitz, town, Hungary,
X. 76S.
GOLLNOW, town, Prussia, X. 76S.
Golnitz, or Golniczbanya, town,
Hungary, X. 768.
GOLOVNiN,VasilyMikhailovich, Russian
admiral, X. 76S.
Golspie, town, Scotland, xxii. 727.
GOLTZ, Boguinil, German satirist, X.
768.
Goi.TZIUS, Hendrik, Dutch jainter and
engraver, X. 768.
GOLUNDA, genus of rodent mammals
XVII. 6.
GoMAL, river, Afghanistan, I. 230.
GoMARA (Kaffa), district, Abyssinia,
XIII. 8x6.
GoilARUS, or Gomar, Francis, Dutch
theologian, x. ;6g; XII. 78.
Gombe, town, Sokoto, Africa, XXII.
279.
GOMBIN, town, Russian Poland, XXIV.
375-
Gombroon, town, Persia, xvii. 857.
Ware, pottery, xix. 621.
Gomel, town, Ru.s.sia, XII. 108.
GomeR, of Scripture, X. 769.
(Gimirra;), people, in Asia Minor,
XV. 100.
Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, iv.
8c».
Gomez, Antonio Enriquez, Spanish
dramatist, viii. 449.
, Sebastian, Spanish painter, xvii.
56.
DE SiLVA, Ruy, Spanish minisier,
xviii. 744.
Gomorrah, of Scripture, vii. 2.
Com PA, to\vn, on the Niger, Africa,
XVII. 497.
Gompertz's Law, of mortality, 11. 85.
GOMPHI, pass, Thessaly, Greece, xxilt
299.
GonchaROFF, Ivan a., Russian novelist,
XXI. 108.
Gonda, district, India, x. 769; toAra_
X. 770.
Gondar, town, Abyssinia, x. 770; i
64.
GONDEMAR, founder of the Montaenat
monastery, xvi. 797,
GONDI, Jean Francois Paul dc. Cardinal
de Retz, XX. 488.
GONDOKORO (Ismailia), town, Uppir
Egypt, XIII. 38S; XVII. 506.
Gondola, Venetian boat, xxiv. 157.
, Giovanni, Dalmatian poet, XI.
278.
GoNDOMAR, Spanish ambassador, as-
saulted by Lithgow, XIV. 696.
GONDOPHARES, king of Indo-Sc)-tliia,
xviil. 603; xxill. 308.
GONDS, tribe, India, X. 770.
GONDWANA, country. Central India, X.
770.
GONG, soiind-]:troducing instrument, X.
771; made of bronze, IV. 366.
G6ngora V Argote, Luis de, Spanish
poet, X. 771; XXIL 357, 360.
Gonidia,. cells in lichens, XIV. 556.
Goniometer, for measu.'ing angles of
crystals, X. 771; VI. 677; XVI. 362;
Its use in optics, xvil. foo.
GONORRHCEA, disease, x.-cii. 686.
Gonsalvi, Ercole, cardinal, vi. 290.
GONSALVO DE CORDOVA, Spanish
general, X. 773.
GONYLEPTIDES, family ot Arachnida,
n. 279.
Gonzaga, ItaUan princely family, X.
772; XV. 504.
, Thoniaz Antonio, Portuguese poet,
X. 772.
, Vincenzo, patron of Rubens, xxi.
41.
Gonzales, Diego, Spanish writer, xxii.
361.
, Sebastian, Portuguese pirate, XVII.
524.
GONZALO DE Berceo, Spanish mystic
and poet, X. 773.
GoNZALO Fernandez v Aguilar
(Gonsalvo de Cordova), Spani.-Ii
general, X. 773.
Good, The, in ethics, VIII. 574; XVIII.
686; Hutchoson'a theory of, XII. 410;
Schleiermacher's theory, XXI. 412;
Socratic theory, XXII. 237; Stoic
theory, XXII. 568: Zoroastrian doc-
trine, XXIV. S22.
, John Mason, English writer, X.
773-
Friday, x. 774.
Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (Peter
186
Parley), American writer, x. 774; XI.
. 537-
GOODSIR, John, Scottish anatomist, X.
775-
Good Templar Societies, foi pro-
moting tamperance, XXIII. 159.
Goodwin, Thomas, English Puritan
di-rine, X. 776, Xll. 728.
Goodwood RACts, England, xil. 202.
Good Words, magazine, xv. 163.
GooDWYN, Henry, his mathematical
tables, XXIII. 8, 13.
GooGE, Barnabe, English pastoral poet,
XVIII. 345; on husb'andrr, I. 296.
GOOJRANWALA (Gujramvala), district,
India, XI. 273; XX. 109; toY^-n, XI.
273-
GoojRAT, district, India, XI. 273; XX.
109; town, XI. 274.
GOOLE, town, England, X. 776.
GooRA Nut, xvii. 664.
GooRD.\SPOOR (Gurdaspur), district,
India, XI. 331; XX. I09.
GOORGAON, district, India, XI. 331; XX.
109.
GooRKHAS, Nepalese race, xii. S05;
XVII. 341.
Goosander, bird, xvi. 35.
Goose, bird, x. 777; xix. 647.
Gooseberry, fruit, x. 779; xii. 271.
Gopher, land-tortoise, x. 7S0.
Goppinc-en, town, WiJrtemberg, X. 7S0;
populauon, XXIV. 701.
GoFTO, lake, Eussian Poland, xix.
307.
GoR.A. Kalwaria, town, Eussian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
Gorakhpur, district and town, India,
X. 780.
GORAMV, fish, X. 781.
GORBODUC, T. SackviUe's drama, vn.
42 8.
GoRCHAKOV (Gcrtschakoff), Eussian
noble famUy, X. 7S7.
GORCUM, town, Holland, X. 781.
G0RDI.A.N III., Eoman emperor, X. 7S1:
IV. 712.
Knot, i. 481; x. 781.
GORDIANUS, three Eoman emperors,
X. 781.
GoRDiUM, ancient tern, Bithynia, x.
781.
GoRDiUS, Phrygian king, XVIII. 849.
, gemis o£ nematode worms, xvii.'
323-
Gordon, Alexander, Scottish antiquary,
x. 7S1.
, Bernard, early Scottish writer on
medicine, XV. 807.
, Charles George, organizer of
Chinese troops, V. 652.
— ^, Lord George, X. 782 ; Erskine's
defence of, Viii. 530.
, Sir John Watson, Scottish painter,
X. 782.
, Patrick, Eussian general, X. 783.
Riots, London, x. 782.
G O O — G 0 T
Gordon's Hospital, Aberdeen, Scot-
land, I. 40.
Gore, of a balloon, I. 206.
— — •, Catherine Grace, English novelist,
X. 783.
Goree, island and town, West Air
X. 784; XXI. 660.
Gore House, Kensington, London, III.
825.
Gorey, town, Ireland, XXIV. 521.
GOROEI, Arthur, Hungarian general,
XII. 372.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, settler in
Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
XV. 301; XVII. 393.
Gorgias, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 203. •
of Leontini, Sicilian rhetorician
and sophist, X. 784; XX. 509; XXII.
16, 264 ; his theses on sceptical
nihilism, XXI. 379.
Gorgon, in Greek m)'thology, x. 784;
xvm. 560.
GORGONA, island, Italy, XIII. 440.
Gorgonzola Cheese, xiii. 453.
C-ORI, town, Georgia, Eussia, X. 7S5;
XXIII. 514.
Gorilla, ape, 11. 150; relation of man
to, 11. 108; skeleton of, II. 162.
Goritsa, or Koritsa, to^Tn, Turkey, XIV.
141.
GORIZ, town, Austria, X. 788.
Gorkhalis, or Goorkhas, Nepalese race,
xvn. 341.
Gorki, to-wn, Eussia, xvi. 543.
Gorkum, or Gorcum, town, Holland, X.
781.
Gorlitz, town, Prussia, X. 785; XXIL
S3-
Gornu, toTv-n, Bomu, Africa, IV. 61.
Gorodische, Eussia, Anthracite mines
of, XV. 60.
Gorodishtche, to\Tn, Eussia, xviii.
S'S-
Gorodny.\, town, Russia, xxill. 96.
Gorodok, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
Gorontalo, department, Celebes, v.
289.
Bay, Celebes, v. 287.
GoRRES, Joseph Johann, German
political writer, X. 7S6.
GoRSE, shrub, IX. 851; as forage plant,
I- 378-
GORSEDD, Welsh assembly, vn. 791.
GoRT, village, Ireland, X. 56.
GORTHO, or Corinth (j.i'.), town, Greece,
VI. 397-
G0RTSCH-\K0FF, Mikhail Dimitrievich,
Eussian general, X. 7S7.
, Petr DimitrieWch, Russian gen-
eral, X. 787.
Gortyna, or GortjTi, ancient town,
Crete, X. 787.
Gortz, or Gorz, town, Austria, X. 7S8.
, Baron von, adriser of Charles
XII. of Sweden, v. 421.
Gorz, crown lard, Austria, X. 787;
towi, X. 788,
GOSAIN THAN; mountain, Nepal, xvii.
340-
GosCHENEN, to^\-n, Switzerland, xxiv.
II.
GOSFORTH, Cumberland, England,
Sculptured cross at, XXI. 557.
Gos-H.\WK, bird, X. 788.
Goshen, district of ancient Egypt, x.
788; XX. 265.
GosiA, Martinus, Italian jurist, IV. 517.
Goslar, to-n-n, Prussia, X. 789.
G0SL.\RITE, mineral, XVI. 401.
GosLlCKI, WawTzyniec (Grimalius Gos-
licius), Polish scholar, X. 709.
Gospel, St Paul's teaching of the,
XVIII. 425.
OF THE Hebrews, x. 818.
Gospels, The, x. 789; their testimony
to Jesus Christ, XIII. 659; the
Synoptic, III. 643; apo:r)-pha], II.
184; Lindisfamc and Eushworth's
MSS. of, VIII. 382; Syriac versions,
XXII. 824; Baur on. III. 449.
Gospel Sonnets, Ealph Erskine'3,viii.
529-
Gosport, town, England, x. 843; xix.
534-
Goss.\rt, Jan, Flemish painter, X.
843.
GossE, W. C, his explorations in
Australia, III. 106.
GossELlES, town, Belgium, X. 844.
GOSSELIN, Henri, pianofoi-te maker,
XIX. 72.
GOSSNITZ, to^^TL, Germany, XXI. 3.:i7.
Gossypium, cotton plant, VI. 4S2.
Gostling, John, royal chorister, XX.
112.
Gostynin, town, Eussian Poland, xxiv.
375-
GOSZCZYNSKI, Severin, poet of the
Ukraine, XIX. 304.
GoTA, river, Sweden, XXII. 736.
Gotaland, division of Sweden, XXII.
736.
Gotama, or Gautama, the Buddha,
XIV. 226.
GOTARZES, PartVian king, XVIII. toi.
Goteborg (Gothenburg), county and
to^\Ti, Sweden, X. S45; XXII. 741.
GOTESCHALCUS, Fulgentius (Gott-
Echalk), German theologian, X. 855.
GoTK.\, duchy, Germany, XXI. 347.
, town, Germany, X. S44; XXI. 347;
libraries, .XIV. 527, 546; o'jservatory,
XVII. 712.
Gothenburg, county, Sweden, x. S45;
XXII. 742.
, to-iv-n, Sweden, X. 845; XXII. 742;
liquor law system of, XIV. 688.
Gothic Architecture, use of the
term, II. 423
Gothic Langu.\ge, x. 852; xvni.
785; in relation to Scandinavian
tongues, XXi: 367; dictionaries of
language, VII. 1S6.
Gothic MSS., xviii. 148.
G O T — G Pv A
187
GOTHITE, mineral, xvi. 3S7.
Gothland Sea Laws, xxi. 5S5.
GoTHOFRED, noble French family, x.
S46.
Goths, x. S46; under Alaric, I. 442;
introduction of Christianity among
them, XXIII. 719; in Germany, X.
475 ; their invasions of Greece, XI.
109, 112; of Naples, XVII. 191; of
the Roman empire, XX. 777, 782; in
Italy, XIII. 467 ; XVII. 233 ; in
Sweden, xxii. 744; under Theodosius
I., xxill. 25S; Jordanes's history of,
XIII. 747.
, E.istern, or Ostrogoths, Law code
for the, XXI. 216.
, West, or Visigoths, their conquest
of Spain, XXII. 308.
Gotland, county, Sweden, xxil. 741.
, island, Baltic Sea, X.XII. 737.
Goto, islands, Japan, XIII. 569.
Gott, John, his electric telegraph test,
xxiii. iiS.
COTTESFREUNDE. German mystics,
XVIL 133.
GOTTESGABE, to\^'n, Germany, viii.
533-
GOTTESHAUSBUND, league, -Switzerland,
XL io5; XXIL 789.
Gottfried of Strasburg, German j>oet,
X. 854, 524.
, Johaun, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
OOTTHARD, St, tunnel, Switzerland,
XXIII. 624.
Gotthelf, Jcremias (Albert Bit2iu-'
Swiis writer, XXIL 799.
GOTTINCEN, town, Piu.ssia, X. 854:
library, Xiv. 527, 546 ; observatory,
XVIJ. 712; university, XXIII. 847.
GoiTORP, castle, Schlcswie. XXL 414.
Gloce, X. 683.
GoTTSCH.\LK, German theologian, X.
855.
GoTTSCHALL, Rudolf, German writer,
X. 545, 546.
GOTTSCHED, Johann Christoph, German
writer and critic, X. 856, 533 ; vil.
441; XIV. 479.
GOTTSKALKSSON, Odd, Icelandic re-
ligious writer, XII. 626.
GOTZ, Johann Nikolaus. German poet,
X. 856.
— VON Berlichingen, Goethe's
play, X. 72
GouD.\, to\m, Holland, XL i.
GouDiMEL, Claude, French munical
composer, XL i; XVIL 84.
Gouge, cutting tool, xi. 437.
GOUGH, Viscount, British general,
XI. 2.
— , Richard, English antiquary, XI.
2.
GOUJF.T, Claude Pierre. French abbe
and writer, XL 3.
GoujON, Jean, French sculptor, XI. 3;
XXI. 563.
GOULBURN, river, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 215.
GotlLD, Augustus Addison, American
conchologist, XL 3.
, John, on birds, xvill. 12.
GoCr, or Gaur, mediioval town, India,
X. 112.
, or Ghor, territory, Afghanistan, X.
569.
GOURA, genus of birds, XIX. 85.
GOURAMY, fish, X. 781.
GOURD, plant, XL 4; XIL 283.
GouRDON Gold Cup and Tray, xix.
183.
GOURGAUD, Gaspard, Baron, French
general, XL 5.
GOURNAY, Jean V., French economist,
XIX. 361.
GOUROCK, town, Scotland, XX. 396.
Gout, disease, xi. 5; xviiL 388; diet
in, VII. 206.
, Rheumatic, disease, XX. 518.
Gouttes D' Eau, colourless topaz,
XXIII. 446.
GouvioN Saint Cyr, Laurent, Marquis
de, French marshal, XL 8.
GOUWE, Ter (Gouda), to\vn, Holland,
XL I.
Government, xi. 9; origin of, viii.
620; in relation to law, xiv. 357, 366;
British ministry, xvi. 472 ; Chinese
principles of, V. 667 ; influence of
Christianity on, v. 697 ; federal, IX.
61; Moslem form of, XVI. 589; repre-
sentative, XVIII. 302 ; Bentham's
views of, III. 576; Confucius's theory
of, VI. 261; Locke's treatise on, XIV.
756; Machiavelli's discourse on, XV.
150; Plato on, XIX. 208 ;■ Zachariae
on, XXIV. 762.
, Church, V. 759.
Statistical Returns, xxil
464.
Governor, Roman provincial, xix.
885.
, in mechanics, xv. 768; XXII. 505.
Govind Rai, Sikh ruler, India, xx.
III.
Gowan, or Daisy, Jilant, vi. 773.
Gower, Lord Francis Leveson, earl of
EUesmere, VIII. 14S.
, John, English poet, XL 21; Vlli.
412.
Gowhatty (Gauhati), tov.n, Assam,
India, X. iii.
Gowrie, Carse of, Scotland, XVIIL 666.
Conspiracy (i6cx3), in Scottish
history, Xlil. 558; xxi. 509.
Goya, town, Argentine Republic, XL 22.
Goyanna, town, Brazil, XL 22.
Goya y Lucientes, Francisco, Spanish
painter and caricaturist, XL 22; v.
104; XXL 440.
Goyaz, province and to-trti, Brazil, XL
23.
Goyen, Jan Josephszoon van, Dutch
painter, XI. 23.
Gozlan, Leon, French novelist and
dramatist, XL 23.
Gozo, island, Mediterranean Sea, XV.
339-
Gozzi, Carlo, Count, Italian dramatist,
XL 24; VII. 419.
, Gasparo, Count, Italian critic, .\I.
24; xill. 512.'
GOZZOLI, Benozzo, Italian painter, XI.
24; IX. 773.
Graaf, Regnier de, Dutch anatomist, 1.
812.
Graaf-Reinet, district. Cape Colony,
V. 45.
Gr.\.\h, Captain, Dariish Northern ex-
plorer, XIX. 320.
Graal, or Grail, The Holy, in media-vat
legend, XL 34; viii. 408; XX. 644.
Grabe, Johann Ernst, Anglican divine,
XL 25.
Grabow, to.\-n, Prussia, XL 25; XXII.
543-
Grabowski, Michael, poet of the
Ukraine, XIX. 305.
Grabusa, fortress, Crete, Vi. 57c.
Gracchus, Roman family, xi. 25; xx.
756.
, Tiberius, Roman general, in Spain,
XXII. 306.
Graces, in Greek mythology, XL 26.
Gracian, Baltazar, Spanish writer, XI.
27; xxii. 360.
Gracias, department, Honduras, xil.
132.
Graciosa, island, Azores, III. 172.
, island. Canaries, iv. 800.
Grackle, bird, xi. 26.
Gracula, genus of birds, XL 26.
Gradenigo, Pietro, doge of Venice,
XXIV. 143. •
Gradients, Atmospheric, in meteoro-
logy, XIX. 2<;i.
Gradhsk, town, Russia, xix. 410.
Gradirhaus, for salt-making, xxi.
232.
Gradisca, cro^vn land, Austria, X. 7S7.
, town, Austria, XI. 27.
Gr.'VDIvus, epithet of Mars, Roman god,
XV. 570.
Gradual, or Graduale, liturgical
service book, xiv. 710; xvi. 508.
Graduation, of mathematical instru-
ments, XI. 27.
House, for salt-making, xxi. 231.
Gr/E.e, of Greek legend, xvill. 560.
Gr.€CIA, Magna, part of ancient Italy.
XL 30, 95.
Gr.ecostasis, platform, in ancient
Rome, XX. 816.
GR/EVIUS, Johann Georg, German
scholar, XL 31.
Graf, K. H., on the Pentateuch, xviii.
509.
Grafe, Albrecht von. German oculist,
XL 31.
, Heinrich, German educationist,
XL Tt
188
G R A — G R A
CraFE, Johann Georg (Grasvius), Ger-
man scholar, XI. 31.
, Karl Ferdinand von, German
surgeon, XI. 31.
Gr.\fr.\th, town, Prussia, XI. 32.
Gr.\ft-Hybridism, in plants, xii. 426.
Gr.\fting, Animal, Hunter's experi-
ments in, xn. 3S7.
, of plants, XII. 213, 236.
GR--\fton, town, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 519.
, Richard, carl j' printer of English
Bible, VIII. 386.
Gragnano, town, Italy, XI. 32.
Gr.\ham, James, first marquis of
Montrose, xvi. 795; xxi. 512, 513.
, Sir James G. E., British states-
man, XI. 32.
, John, of Claverhouse, Viscount
Dundee, VII. 536; XXI. 516.
, Thomas, Scottish chemist, XI. 32.
Gr.\hame, James, Scottish poet, XI.
33-
Graha.m Island, British Columbia,
XX. 170.
Gr.\ham's Dyke, Scotland, 11. 139 ;
XXI. 471; XXII. 554.
Graham's Shoal, Mediterranean Sea,
XV. 820.
Gr.4Ham's Town, Cape Colony, Africa,
XI. 34.
Grahovo, town, Montenegro, XVI. 781.
Gr.\i.\n Alps, i. 624.
GR.4IL, The Holy, in mediseval legend,
XI. 34; VIII. 40S; XX. 644.
Gr.\in, trade in, vi. 414; at Chicago, v.
6ii.
Coast, \Yest Africa, I.' 269.
Crops, Cultivation of, i. 354.
Gr.\ine, silkworms' eggs, xxil. 58.
Gr.\ining, in painters' work, iv. 512.
Grains of Paradise, xi. 36; xviii.
517.
GralLvE, group of birds, xviil. 46.
Gr.\m, leguminous plant, XL 36.
GR.4MINE.E, group of plants, XL 53."
Gr.\MMar, XI. 37 ; in relation to
philology, XVIIL 765 ; Arabic, xvi.
595; of Aryan languages, XviiL 789;
Bantu, XXIV. 827; Chinese, v. 656;
comparative, Bopp's researches in, iv.
49; of Homeric poems, XIL 114; of
Romance languages, xx. 665 ; Sanskrit,
XXI. 270, 292 ; Priscian's contribu-
tions to, XIX. 744. See also Language.
Grammatica Gr«c.\, Lascaris's, xiv.
319-
Gramjiaticus, expert in Hterature of
Rome, XXI. 692.
Gr.\mmatite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Gr.\mmatophor.a, genus of lizaitjs,
XIV. 736.
GR.'.jniE, unit of weight, xv. 668;
XXIV. 490.
GRAMillChELE, Or Granmichele, town,
Sicily, XL 50.
Crammont, town, Belgium, xi. 43.
GR-\MM0NT, Memoires du Comte de,
Anthony Hamilton's book, XL 414.
, Order of, or Grammontines, mon-
astic order, XI. 47; XVI. 708.
Gramont, Philibert, Corate de, French
courtier, XL 43; Hamilton's M^moirea
of, XL 414.
GR-\mpi.\ns, mountains, Scotland,
XVIII. 666.
Grampus, cetacean mammal, xi. 44;
XV. 399.
Gr.\n, town, Hungary, XL 44,
Gr.\n'.ad.\, province, Spain, XL45; XXIL
298.
, town, Spain, XL 45; conquest of
(1492), xxu. 326;" sculptures in cathe-
dral, XXL 567.
, town, Nicaragua, Central America,
XL 46; xvii. 477.
, Luis de, Spanish preacher, XL 46.
Granadill.\, plant and fruit, XI. 46;
XVIIL 343.
Granard, Moat of, Longford, Irelgnd,
XIV. S64.
Gran Ckaco, district. South America,
XL 46.
Grancin, dyestuff, IV. 687.
Grand Canal, of China, v. 631.
Grand Can.\ry, island, iv. 790.
Grand Canon, of the Colorado river,
U.S.A., xxiii. 799.
Grand Cayman, island. West Indies,
xiii. 549.
Grand' Combe, town, France, xi. 47.
Grand Credo, peak in Jura range,
Switzerland, xill. 7S1.'
GRAND-t)UKE, title, XIX. 738; XXIII.
418.
Grande Chartreuse, monastery,
France, I. 20; v. 163, 434.
Grande Ronde, river, Oregon, U.S.A.,
xviL 822.
Grandfather's Chair, Hawthorne's
stories, XI. 537.
Grand Haven, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XL 47.
Gr.\ndimontanes, religious order, xi.
47-
Grand Island, Xiagavi river, Now
York, U.S.A., xvii. 472.
Grand ISLAND,to^Tn,^^ebraska, U.S.A.,
XVII. 309.
Grand Jury, in law, xiii. 785.
Gr.\nd Lake, New Brunswick, xvii.
373-
Grand Lake, Nev.-foundland, xvii.
382.
GR-\nd-Lieu, lake, France, IX. 507;
XIV. 808.
Grand Rapids, to^m, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XL 47.
GR.iNDS Jours, irregular assize, France,
xviii. 34^.
Grandson or Granson, town, Switzer-
land, XL 50; battleof (1476), XXII. 787.
GR-\ndvil_e, Jean Gerard, French
caricatuT'st, x. 440; v. 105.
Grand Vizier, Oriental cScer of state,
XXIV. 268.
Granet, Frangsis Marius, French
painter, XL 47.
Grange, in architecture, 11. 465.
Grangemouth, town, Scotland, xxiL
554-
Granicus, river, Asia Minor, II. 707;
battle of (334 B.C.), I. 481: XV. 140.
Granill.4, variety of cochineal, vi. 97.
Granite, rock, xi. 48; x. 230, 233, 30S;
strength of, XXIL 603; of Aberdeen, I.
42, 44.
, Graphic, mineral, XL 49; XVI. 419.
Granitite, variety of granite, XL 49.
Gr,\KjA, La, Spain, royal residence,
XXI. 623.
Granmichele, town, Sicily, XL 50.
Granovski, Russian historian, XXI.
108.
Gran Piedra, mountain, Cuba, VL
679.
Gr.\n S.\sso, mountain, Apennines,
Italy, I. 56.
GRANSONf toTiTi, Switzerland, XL 50;
battle of (1476), XXII. 787.
Grant, Anne, Scottish authoress, XL
50.
, Sir Francis, English tainter, XI.
51-
, James, English journalist, XVII.
419.
, James Augustus, Airicau traveller,
XXII. 390.
, Sir Jamas Hope, British general,
XI. 51.
, Sir Robert, hymns by, xii. 595.
, Ulysses S., general and president
of the United States, XXIII. 788, 776,
778, 784.
GR-^ntchester, town, England, iv.
729.
GR.\ntham, town, England, XL 5 1.
Gr.\nths, in Hindi literature, XL 845.
Granting of Supplies, in parliament,
xviiL 313.
Granton, village, Scotland, xiv. 431.
Granulations, Healing by, xviii. 363.
Granusthurm, ancient tower, Aix-la-
Chapelle, Prussia, I. 432.
Gran vella (Antoine Perrenot), Spanish
cardinal, XL 52; his rule in HoUand,
XII. 74.
Grajiville, town. Franca, XL 52.
, Earl (John Carteret), British states-
man, XL 52.
Grape, Grapes, Culture of, xiL 277;
culture for wine making, XXI v. 602;
dried, XX. 258; fermentation of juice
of, IX. 92.
Grape-Seed Oil, xvii. 744, 746.
Grape Shot, i. 745.
Gr.\pe Sugar, xxil 623; its relation to
alcohol, I. 470.
Grape Vine, xil 277 ; xxiv. 237,
604, 606.
Graphic Gr.\nite, xi. 49; xvi. 419.
a R A — G R E
[8i^
Graphite, mineral, xvi. 381 ; xix. 230;
nearly pure carbon, v. 86; crucibles
of, IX. 843; pencils of, xviii. 490.
Graphotype, process of engraving, XI.
53-
Graslitz, towa, Bohemia, XI. 53.
Grasmere, lake, England, xxiv. 513,
Grass, xi. 53.
, Spanish, or Esparto, viil. 547.
Grasse, town, France, XI. 53.
Grasses, xi. 53; culture of, i. 370.
Grasshopper, insect, xi. 60; xiv. 765;
blind, of Mammoth Cave, United States,
XV. 450.
, in Athenian headdress, VI. 454.
Grasslitz, town, Bohemia, xi. 53.
Grassman, Hermann G., investigator
of quaternions, XX. 163.
Grass-Seeds, Germination of, i. 371.
Grass Valley, town.Califomia,U.S.A.,
IV. 706.
Grates, Tests for, in view of smoke
abatement, XXII. 181.
Gratianus, Augustus (Gratian), Roman
emperor, XI. 60; his wars with the
Goths, XXIII. 258.
, Franciscus, Italian canonist, XI.
60; on canon law, v. 18; Decretuni of,
XXIII. 832.
, Johannes (Pope Gregory VI.), XI.
176.
Graticulation, in maps, xxii. 714.
Gratings, Interference, in optics, xiv.
607; XXIV. 437.
Gratius Faliscus, Roman poet, XI.
60.
Grattan, Henry, Irish statesman and
qrator, XI. 61.
Gratz, or Graz (q.v.), town, Austria, XI.
63-
Graubunden, or Orisons, canton,
Switzerland, XI. 204; XXII. 778, 794.
Graudenz, town, Prussia, xi. 64.
Graun, Carl Heinrich, German com-
poser, XI. 64.
Gravelines, town, France, xi. 6;.
Gravelotte, Lorraine, Battle of (1870),
IX. 627.
Gravel Rocks, x. 236.
Gravenhage, 's (Tlie Hague, 5.?;.),
town, Holland, XI. 371.
Gravenhurst, W. H. Smith's work,
XXII. 179.
Craves, Robert James, Irish physician,
XV. 817.
Gravesend, tovm, England, XI. 65;
XIV. 30.
, town. Long Island, N«w York,
U.S.A., XIV. 866.
Graves's Disease, x. 740; xviii. 385.
Gravina, town, Italy, XI. 65.
, Giovanni Vincenzo, Italian critic
and jurisconsult, XI. 65; XVI. 103 ;
XXIV. 212.
Graving Dock, xi. 469.
•jj^j.viTATiON, XL 66; II. 19, 780; XV.
708; discovery of the law of, 11. 755;
XVII. 441; theories of. III. 64; theory
from vortex rings. III. 46, 47.
Gravity, in mechanics, xv. 701, 729;
centre of, XI. 69; Archimedes on
centre of, II. 380.
, Specific, comparative density, XII.
53S; tables, XII. 541.
Gravosa, port, Dalmatia, XX. 221.
Gray, town, France, xi. 75; xxi. 301.
, Asa, American botanist, xxill. 452.
, David, Scottish poet, XL 75.
, Elisha, his experiments in tele-
phony, XXIII. 129.
, G. R., on birds, XVIII. 14, 16.
, John Edward, English naturalist,
XL 76; his plates of birds, XVIII. 11;
on reptiles, XX. 436; on tortoises,
XX. 441.
, Robert, on birds, XVIII. 18.
, Stephen, his discoveries in elec-
tricity, VIII. 4, 5.
, Thomas, English poet, XL 77; his
place in English literature, viii. 429;
his relations with Walpole, xxiv. 334.
Grayle, or GraQ (.q-v.), The Holy, in
mediaeval legend, XL 34.
Grayling, fish, xi. 78; xn. 693; xxl
221, 224, 225; angling for, II. 41.
GraYLOCK Mountain, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xxiii. 792.
Gray's Inn, legal society, London, xill.
87,90.
Gray Sour, in bleaching, iii. 816.
Gray's Peak, Colorado range. United
States, xxiii. 796.
Graz, town, Austria, xi. 63; xxil. 614;
libraries, xiv. 547; university, XXIII.
851.
Grazalema, town, Spain, xi. 78.
Grazing, in relation to land tenure,
xiv. 270.
Grazzini, Antonfrancesco, Italian
writer, XI. 78; XIII. 510.
Great Auk, bird, x. 78.
Great Basses, lighthouse, Ceylon, xiv.
617.
Gre.'.T Berkhampstead, town, Eng-
land, IIL 591.
Great Britain, steamship, IV. 397;
structure of, XXI. 815.
Great Britain and Ireland, United
Kingdom of, XL 79; XXIII. 727.
Great Circle Sailing, in navigation,
XVII. 266.
Great Driffield, town, England, vii.
470.
Great Eastern, steamship, iv. 397;
XXI. 66; structure of, XXI. 815.
Great Gloss, of Accursius, i. 91.
Great Grimsby, town, England, xi.
402.
Great Harry, British warship, Xvii.
281.
Greathead, Henry, life-boat con-
structor, XXL 803.
Great Hoggarty Diamond, Thack-
eray's work, xxiii. 214.
Great Layman (Nicholas of Basel),
XVII. 486.
Great Marlow, town, England, xv.
556.
Great Officers of State, English,.
XXII. 458.
Great Privilege, The, of HoUand
(1477). XII. 73-
Greatrakes, Valentine, Irish mag-
netizer, xv. 277.
Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S.A.,
XIV. 222; XXI. 235; XXIV. 19.
Great Salt Lake City, LTiaJi, U.S.A.,
XVI. 827.
Great Seal, of England, xxi. 5S7.
Great Thing, Swedish tribal assem-
bly, XXII. 744.
Great Valley, Pennsylvania and
Virginia, U.S.A., xvin. 499; XXIII.
794-
Great Vehicle, Buddhist doctrine,.
XIV. 226.
Great Western, steamship, iv. 397;
structure of, xxi. 815.
Great Western Railway, England,.
IV. 397.
Great Yarmouth, town, England,
XXIV. 728.
Greaves, John, English mathematician.
and antiquary, XI. 79.
Grebe, bird, xi. 79.
Grebelians, Swiss eec't, xvi. 12.
Greelianovich, Lazar prince of
Servia, XXL 689.
Grechetto, II (G. B. CastiglioneX
Italian painter, v. 195.
Grecian Archipelago, ii. 381.
Greco, El (D. Theotocopuli), painter,
XL 80.
Greece, Ancient, XL 80, 89 (index, 1 53);
in the time of Homer, Xll. in;
relations with Darius I. of Persia,
xvill. 570; invasion of, by Xerxes I.,
XVIII. 572; peace with Persia (c 449),
XVIII. 574; politics in time of Iso-
crates, >illl. 390 ; conquest of, by
Alexander the Great, I. 481; by Rome.,
IX. 287; XX. 751, 753; connexion
■ ith Phcenicia, XVIII. 805 ; with
Phrygia, xviil. 851 ; ampluc!yonies
of, I. 772; architecture, II. ' 401 ;
armies, II. t;6o ; astrology, II. 740 ;
astronomy, 11. 746; coins, xvii. 631,
642; colonies, VI. 158; drama, vil.
403; education, VII. 671; emigration
from, VIIL 173; festivals, IX. 114;
games, X. 63; glass-making, X. 648;
libraries, XIV. 509; mythology, xvii.
153; pottery, XIX. 610; religion, XX.
371 ; XXIII. 238; ships, XXI. 806;
slaves, XXII. 130.
, Modem, XL 80; new boundaries
of (1881), XXIII. 653 ; revolt against
the Turks (1824), XXIII. 649; inde-
pendence of (1828), XVII. 485; XXIII.
650; church, XI. 157; drama, vii. 419;
Jews in, xiii. 685; libraries, xiv. 549;
190
G II E — G R E
mineral products, xvi. 469; national
debt, XVII. 246 ; newspapers, XVII.
431 ; observatory, at Athens, xvii.
714; periodical literature, XVIII. 543.
Creece, History of, Grote's, XI. 214.
Creek Accent, i. So.
Creek Alphabet, i. 609.
Creek Anthology, ii. 103.
Creek Church, xi. 154; its origin,
XI. in; bishops in. III. 7SS; image-
worship in, XII. 713; liturgical ser-
vices of, XIV. 710; married priests in,
V. 293; in Europe, viii. 712; in
Greece, XI. 86; in Russia, XXI. 81.
Creek Drama, Ancient, vn. 403 ;
modern, VII. 419.
Creek Empire, or Byzantine Empire,
XI. 106, 114 ; invasion of, by Turks
(1453), XXIII. 641 ; coins of, XVII.
654.
Creek Fire, xi. 159, 317; 11.. 655;
Joinville's description of, XIII. 734.
Creek Grammar, xi. 43 ; of the
Homeric poems, XII. 114.
Creek Inscriptions, xiii. 121.
Creek Language, xi. 126; xviii.
7S4; dictionaries of, VII. 183.
Creek Literature, xl 136; rhetoric,
XX. 50S; romance, XX. 633; Manrtius's
services to, XV. 513; revival of study
of, in England, viii. 414.
Creek Numerals, xvii. 625.
Creeks, in Asia, 11. 699;' xiii. 204;
xviii. 5S3, 592, 599.
Creek Testament, ii. 648; Alford's
I, 505; Erasmus's, VIII. 517; Tischen-
dorfs, XXIII. 409.
Creek Writing, xviii. 145.
Creelev, Horace, American WTiter and
politician, XI. 160; xvii. 434; xxill.
7S4.
Creelv, Adolphus W., American Arctic
explorer, xi.K. 326.
Creen, Pigments of, xix. 88.
, Benjamin, American journalist,
XVII. 433.
, Charles, aeronaut, I. 191; his great
Kassau balloon, I. 192.
, George, his mathematical theory
of electricit)-, VIIL 15.
Creenbacks, paper currency, United
States, XXIII. 773.
Green Bay, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XL 162.
Greenbrier, sulphur springs, AYest
Virginia, U.S.A., XXI v. 518.
Creen ColOur.s, in dyeing, vii. 578.
Crop Fallow, l 33^.
Creene, Maurice, English musical com-
poser, XI. 163.
, Natlianael, American general, XI.
.63.
, Eobert, English dramatist and
pa-'itoralpoet, XL 163; VII.429; XVIII.
346; XXI. 75S, 762.
Greenfinch, bird, xi. 165.
Greeng.^ce, fruit, xix. 230.
Greenhalgh Castle, Lancashire,
England, XIV. 254.
GreenheaRT, timber tree, XL 165.
Greenhouse, in horticidture, xii. 222,
261.
Greenland, Arctic country, xi. 166;
VII. 83; Icelandic works on its dis-
covery, XII. 624; birds of, in. 753;
Eskimo, viii. 544; explorations of,
XIX. 316, 324; Miocene rocks, x. 364;
Christian missions to, vii. 696; seal
fisheries, XXI. 5S2 ; whale fishery,
XXIV. 526.
, Emma Jane (Mrs Hooker), her pro-
cess of encaustic painting, viil. 187.
Sea, xvii. 59
Shark, xxi. 777.
Greenl.4\v, town, Scotland, III. 613.
Greenle.\f, Simon, American jurist,
XL 171,
Green Linnet, bird, xi. 165.
Green Mountains, Canada and United
States, I. 67S; XX. 165; XXIII. 792;
XXIV. 166.
Greenock, town, Scotland, xi. 172;
population, XXL 528.
Greenockite, mineral, XVI. 392.
Greenough, Horatio, American sculp-
tor, XI. 173.
Greenovite, mineral, XVI. 426.
Greenshank, bird, XL 173.
Greenstone, rock, x. 235.
Green Te.\, xxiii. 99.
Green Turtle, xxiii. 458.
Greenville, town. South Carolina,
U.S.A., XXII. 288.
Greenv'ich, town, England, XL 173;
XIV. Si I, 822; Royal Naval College at,
XVII. 2"63; Royal Observatory at, 11.
75b; XVII. 710; founding of obser-
vatory (1657), XVIL 257; telescopes
at observatory, XXllI. 147.
, suburb of New York, U.S.A.,
XVII. 458.
Greenwood, John, English Inde-
pendent, XII. 724.
Greetings, ol- Salutations, xxi. 235.
Grecale, wind, Mediterranean Sea,
XV. 340; XVI. 149.
Gregarina Bl.\ttarum, species of
Protozoa, XIX. 854.
Gregarinida, group of parasites, xviii.
259.
Gregarinidea, subclass of Protozoa,
XIX. 853.
Gregoire, Henri, French bishop and
Revolutionist, XI. 174.
Gregorian Calendar, iv. 667, 671.
Gregorian Chant, xix. 169
Gregorian Code, in Roman law, xx.
711.
Gregorian Music, xvii. So.
Gregorian Telescope, xxiii. 145.
Gregory, St, the Illuminator, founder
of Armenian Church, XL 179; II. 548.
, St, of Nazianzus, XI. 179; as hymn-
writer, XII. 579.
Gregory, St, of Nyssa, xi. 180.
, St, Thaumatiu'gus, XI. 181; creed
of, VI. 559; on penance, xviii. 486.
, St, of Tours, Prankish historian,
XL 181.
, I., St, the Great, pope, XL 175 ;
XIX. 493 ; XX. 7S3 ; promoter of
church music, xvii. 80 ; his contest
with the Lombards, XI v. 815.
II., St, pope, XL 176; XX. 783,
785-
III., St, pope, XI. 176; XIX. 494.
IV., pope, XI. 176.
v., pope, XI. 176; XIX. 497; XX.
/S9.
VI., pope, XL 176; XIX. 494, 498.
VII., St, pope, XI. 176; XIIL 471;
XIX. 498, 499; XX. 791; his conten-
tions with the emperor Heruy IV.,
X. 488; XL 668.
VIII., pope, XI. 178.
VIII., antipope, xix. 500.
IX., pope, XI. 17S; XIII. 475; XX.
795-
X., pope, XI. 178; XIX. 501.
XI., pope, XL 178; XIX. 502; XX.
802.
XII., pope, XL 178; XX. S04.
XIIL, pope, XL 178; XIX. 504.
XIV., pope, XI. 178.
XV., pope, xr. 178; XIX. 505.
XVL, pope, XL 179; XIX. 509.
of Cyprus, Syriac writer, XXII.
82S.
of Heimburg, Reformer, XX. 323.
of Tusculum, Italian noble, XX.
790.
, David (1628-1 720), Scottish scienl>
ist, XL 182.
, David ( 1 66 1 - 1 70S), Scottish matKe-
matician, xi. 182.
, Duncan Faiquharson, Scottish
chemist and mathematician, XL 183;
his_ trigonometrical series, XXIII. 570,
571-
, James (163S-1675), Scottish ma-
thematician, XL 1 82; on squaring tlie
circle, xxii. 435; his reflecting tele-
scope, XXIII. 137, 145.
, Jamcs(i753-iS2i), Scottish physi-
cian, XL I S3; XV. Si 7.
, John, Scottish physician, XI. 182.
, Olinthus, English mathematician,
XL I S3.
, William, Scottish chemist, XI. 183;
his translation of Reichenbach's
Researches on Magnetism, XV. 278.
Gregory's Series, in trigonometry,
xxiiL 570, 571.
Greifeneerg, to\(Ti, Prussia, xi. 183.
Greifenhagen, town, Prussia, XL 1S3.'
Greifswald, to\vn, Prussia, XI. 183 ;
university, XXIII. 842.
Greiz, or Greitz, town, Germany, XI.
184; XX. 493.
Grenada, island, West Indies, XI. 184;'
XXIV. 5 10
G R E — G R O
191
Grenadine, woven fabric, xvii. 109.
Grenadines, islasds, West Indies, xi.
184.
Crenelle, France, Artesian well at, 11.
645.
Grenoble, town, Franc.e, xi. 184 ;
university, XXIII. 839.
G RENVILLE, Lord (William Wyndham),
English statesman, XI. 186.
, George, English statesman. XI.
185; VIII. 357.
Gresham, Sir Thomas, London mer-
chant, XI. 186.
Gresham's L.WV, regarding coin, xvi.
73>-
Gresik, town, Java, xill. 606.
Gresset, Jean Baptiste, French poet,
XI. 187.
Gretry, Andre Ernest Modeste, French
musical composer, XI. 187.
Greuze, Jean Baptiste, French painter,
XI. 188.
Grevenmacher, town, Luxemburg,
XV. 87.
Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke,
English writer, XL 189.
Grevinchovius, Nicholaus, Dutch
theologian, I. 736.
Grew, Neheraiah, English botanist and
physiologist, xi. 1S9; on the sexes of
plants, IV. 82.
Grey, Second Earl, English statesman,
XI. 190.
, Lord Arthur, lord-lieutenant of
Ireland, XXII. 393.
, Sir George, on prison discipline,
XIX. 752.
, George A., on reclaiming moor-
lands, I. 402.
, Lady Jane, XI. 193 ; vii. 686;
VIIL 338, 339; XV. 593.
, Sir Ealph, degraded from knight-
hood, XIV. 125.
, Richard, his system of mnemonics,
XVI. 533.
Greybeard Pottery, xix. 631,
Greyhen, bird, xi. 222.
Greyhounds, vii. 327; coursing with,
VI. 515.
Greyling, or Grayling (q.v.), XI. 78;
IL 41.
Grey Powder, in therapeutics, xvi.
34-
Greytown, town, Nicaragua, Central
America, XL 194; xvil. 477.
Greywacke, rock, x. 231, 237.
Gribble, crustacean, VI. 659.
Gribeauval, Jean B. Vaquette de,
French artillerist, II. 658.
Criboyedoff, or Griboiedoff, Alex-
ander Sergueevich, Russian dramatist,
XI. 194; XXI. 107.
Gridgi, town, Dahomey, Africa, VI.
764.
Griesbach, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
, Johann Jakob. German Biblical
critic, XL 194.
Griesbach, John Henry, English sym-
phonist, XVII. 97.
Grieseltstock, mountain, Switzer-
land, XXI. 465.
Griffe, in architectui'e, n. 465.
Griffin, or Gryphon, legendary animal,
XL 195; V. 5S7.
, in heraldry, XL 702.
, Gerald, Irish novelist and drama-
tist, XL 195.
Griffith, William, Wesleyan seceder,
XVI. 190.
AP Cynan, Welsh prince, VII.
791.
Gaunt, Reade's novel, XX. 303.
Grignan, Madame de, daughter of
Madame de SevignS, XXI. 704.
Grigorovich, Dmitri Vasilievich, Rus-
sian novelist, XXI. 108.
Grille, in architecture, IL 465.
Grillparzer, Franz, German drama-
tist, XL 196.
Grilse, young salmon, xxi. 224.
Grimace, as medium of expression,
xviii. 767.
Grimaldi, Giovanni Francesco, Italian
architect and painter, XL 197.
, Joseph, pantomimist, XVIII. 216.
Grimani, Marino, doge of Venice, XXIV.
146.
Grimes Dyke, Oxfordshire, England,
XVIII. 94.
Grimm, Fiiedrich Melchior, Baron von,
French writer, XL 197.
, Jacob Ludmg Carl, German philo-
logist, XL 198; X. 543; his fairy tales,
XXIII. 27; on comparative philology,
XVIII. 781.
, Wilhelm Carl, German philologist,
XL 201; X. 543.
Grimma, town. Saxony, XI. 202.
Grimmelshausen, Hans J. C. von,
German writer, X. 531.
Grimm's Law, of correspondence of
consonants, XI. 200; XX. 286.
Grimoald, Guillaume de (Pope Urban
v.), xxiv. 8.
Grimsby, Great, town, England, xi.
202; its iisheriis, IX. 249.
Grind.^l, Edmund, archbishop of
Canterbury, XL 202.
Grinding Mills, for flour, ix. 344.
Grindstone, XL 203; Newcastle, xvii,
566.
Gringoire, Gringon, or Gringore,
Pierre, mediseval poet, XL 203; IX.
651.
Grinnell, Mmcs Ht American pro-
moter of Arctic exploration, XIX. 322.
— — Arctic Expedition, xiii. 837.
Griphosaurus, fossil bird, XVIIl. 34.
Griqualand East, part of Kaffraria,
South Africa, XIII. S17.
Griqualand West, province. South
Africa, XL 204; I. 270.
Griseldis, The Patience of, romance,
XX, 459.
Grison, carnivorous mammal, XV.
440.
Grisons, canton, Switzerland, XL 204;
XX. 504; XXII. 778, 794.
GrisOpolis (Parma), mediasval town,
Italy, xvill. 314.
Grissee (Gresik), town, Java, XIII.
606.
GRiVEGNiE, to\vii, Belgium, XI. 205.
Grizzly Bear, hi. 462.
Gro.\t, coin, XVII. 655.
Grochowo, Poland, Battle of (1831),
XXIV. 376.
Grochowski, Stanislaus, Polish poet,
XIX. 300.
Grocyn, William, English scholar, XI.
205; VIII. 414.
Grodno, government, Russia, XI. 206;
XXI. 69; town, XL 206.
Groen van Prinsterer, WUhelm,
Dutch statesman and historian, xi.
206.
Groin, in architecture, 11. 465.
Grojec, town, Russian Poland, XXIV.
375
Grolier, Jean, his style of bookbinding,
IV. 41.
Gromia, genus of Foraminifera, IX.
373-
Gromidea, order of Protozoa, XIX.
845
GroMgar Hill, Dyer's poem, vil.
Groningen, town, HoUind, xi. 206;
university, xxiii. 850.
Gronov, or Gronovius, Jakob, Dutch
scholar, XL 207.
. or Gronovius, Joliann Friedrich,
German scholar and critic, XL 207.
Gronovius, J. F., Dutch naturalist,
XIV. 673.
Groom bridge, Stephen, his observa-
tory, Blackheath, England, xvii. 711.
Grooming, of horse.s, xii. 192.
Groom of the Stole, xxi. 37.
Groot, Albert (Albertus Magnus, q.v.),
on alchemy, I. 464; on birds, xvill. 3.
, Gerhard, founder of Brethren of
the Common Life, XI 207; xvi. 7x1;
XVII. 134.
, Hu!g van (Grotius, i;.i>.), Dutch
scholar and jurist, XI 217.
Groove-Bill, bird, xxiii 477.
Gros, Antoine Jean, Baron, French
painter, XI 208.
Grosbeak, bird,XL 209; xxiv. 463.
Grose, Francis, English antiquary, XL
209.
Grossbeeren, Prussia, Battle of (i 8 13),
XVII. 220.
Grosse Isle, quarantine station,
Canada, XX. 167.
Grossenhain, town, Saxony, xi. 210.
Grosser Beerberg, mountain, Ger-
many, XXI. 347; XXIII. 332.
GROSSETESTE, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
XI. 210; VIII. 373, 410; XXI. 427
192
G E O— G U A
Grosseio, town, Italy, XI. 212.
Grossgebauer, Theophilus, German
pietist, XIX. S3.
Gross-Gorschen, Prussia, Battle of
(1S13), XVII. 219.
Grossi, Tommaso, Italian poet and
novelist, XI. 212.
Grossixger, on birds, xviil. 8.
GROSSULARITE, variety of garnet, X.
8?
Grcsswardein, town, Hungary, XL
212.
Gros Veneur, legend, Xlll. 674.
Grote, George, English historian, XI.
212; his theory of the Greek sophists,
XXII. 26S.
, Harriet, English writer, XI. 210.
Grotefen'D, Georg Friedrich, German
philologist, XI. 217.
Grotesque, The, in ancient and mediae-
val art, V. 103; in decoration, II. 234;
in painting, ix. 69.
GROTiug, Hugo, Dutch scholar and
jurist, XI. 217; his translations from
the Anthology, II. 105; on the balance
of power, HI. 267; his ethical teaching,
VIII. 596; Pufendorfs relation to, XX.
100.
Groton, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., x^.
221.
Grottaglie, town, Italy, xi. 221.
Grottoes, Egyptian, vii. 774; sacred,
XXIII. 165.
Ground Nut, xi. 221; xvii. 664; of
Senegal, XXI. 660.
Ground-Nut Cake, xvn. 739.
Ground-Nut Oil, xvii. 744, 746.
Ground Parrot, of Xew Zealand,
XIII. 825.
Ground Rent, xx. 403.
Groundsel, plant, xi. 221.
Grouse, bird, xi. 221; distribution of,
III. 757.
, Sand, bird, XXL 258.
Grouse-Shooting, xxi. 834.
Grouting, in building, iv. 462.
Grove, Sacred, XI. 223.
Grover, WiUiam a., improver of sewing
machine, XXI. 719.
Grove's Electric Gas Battery, viii.
87.
Growth, of animals, xvii. 686; vege-
table, XIX. 57.
Grovme, The (Corunna), town, Spain,
VI. 443.
Groznyi, town, Russia, xxiii. 180.
Grubb, Sir Howard, his micrometer,
xvi. 244, 248; his telescopes, xxill.
141, 148, 150.
Grubber, agricultural implement, I.
312.
Gruber, Johann Gottfried, German
scholar, XL 224.
Grueber, John, traveller in Tibet, XIV.
.'=03
Gbuffyd ab Cvnan, Welsh prince, v.
3i9-
Grugru Nut, xvii. 664.
GrCn, a na.stasius (Count of Auersperg),
Austrian poet, XI. 224; X. 546.
, Hans Baldung, German painter,
XL 224; as wood-engraver, viii. 437.
Grunauite, mineral, XVL 391.
GrCnberg, town, Prussia, XL 225.
Grundtvig, Nikolai Erederik Severin,
Danish poet and statesman, XL 225;
/IL 92.
Gruneberg, town, PnissLa, XL 225.
Grunerite, mineral, XVi. 418.
GRUNEWALD, ilathias, German painter,
XI. 225. ^
Grunv/ald, Prussia, Battirof (1410),
XIX. 289.
Gruoch, wife of Macbeth, xv. 130.
Grusians, or Georgians, race of people,
Caucasus, v. 257.
Gruter, Jan, Dutch scholar and critic,
XI. .226.
Gruyere, district, Switzerland, XI 226;
IX. 764.
Cheese, v. 456; xin. 452.
Gruytere, or Gruter, Jan, Dutch
scholar and critic, XL 226.
Gryazovets, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
Gryfe, river, Scotland, XX. 395.
Grvllid.e, group of insectR, XIII.
152.
Gryllotalpa Vulgaris, wheat pest,
XXIV. 534.
Gryn^US, Johann Jakob, German
theologian, XL 226.
, SimoD German theologian, XL
226.
Gr^'NER, Johan Jakob (Grj-n.-eus), Ger-
man theologian, XI. 226.
Gryphius, Andreas, German poet and
dramatist, XL 226; vil. 440; X. 530.
Gryphon, legendary animal, xi. 195.
, in heraldry, XL 702.
Gsen-Rabs, founder of Bon-pa religion,
Tibet, XXIII. 344.
Guacharo, bird, xi. 227.
GUACO, plant, XL 227.
Guadal.\jara, province, Spain, XL
228; xxii. 29S: town, XL 228.
, town, Mexico, XL 229; XVI. 214.
Guadalaviar, river, Spain, xxiv. ^2-
Guad.\lhorce, river, Spain, xv. 315.
Guadalquivir, river, Spain, xxil.
295.
Gu-^ipALUPE Mountains, Texas,
U.S.A., XXIII. 204.
Guad.\nc AL, one of the Solomon Islands,
South Pacific, XXII. 252.
GUADARRAMA, Sierra de, Spain, XXII.
294.
Gu.UDELOUPE, island. West Indies, XL
229; IX. 526; popiJation, xxiv. 510.
GU-VDIAn.a, river, Spain, XXII. 295.
, or Durango, town, Mexico, VII.
;53-
Gu.^dix, town, Spain, xi. 230.
GU-ADUas, to'.\-n, Colombia, South
America, XL 230.
Guahan, island, Ladrcnes, Soum
Pacific, XIV. 199.
Gu.ilACOL, product" of wood distillation,
XXIIL 57.
GUAIACUM, tree, XI. 230.
GUAIRA, La, town, Venezceli, South
America, XI. 242; XXIV. 140.
GU-ilSHi, Nihon, Japanese historical
work, XIII. 587.
Guaitecas Islands, Patagonia, xviii.
352.
Gualdo Tadino, town, Italy, xi. 232.
GUALEGUAV, town, Argentine Republic,
XL 232.
GUALEGUAVCHU, town, Argentine Re-
public, XL 232.
GUAN, bird, XI. 232.
GUAN.\co, ungulate mammal, XI. 232;
I. 598; IV. 12; XIV. 739; of Patagonia,
XVIIL 353; influence of domestication
on, IV. 251.
GUAN.\HANI, first American land sighted
by Columbus, vi. 173.
GUANAJUATITE, mineral, XVL 393.
Guanajuato, to-wn, Mexico, xi. 233;
XVI. 214; state, XVL 214.
GU.ANAPE, guano klet, Peru, XVIII. 671.
, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
GUANCABELICA, town, Peru, XII. 327.
Gu.^NCHES, people, Canary Islands, iv.
796.
Gu.ANO, XL 233; I. 347; Peruvian de-
posits, v. 673; XVIIL 671, 675; intro-
duction of, "as manure, I. 305; manu-
rial value of, XV. 511; sewage sludge
so called, XXL 712.
GUANUCO, town, Peru, XII. 327.
CuAO, or Guaco, plant, XL 227.
GUAR.\NA, plant and fruit, XI. 235.
GUARANIS, South-American Indians, i.
702; XIL 829; XVIIL 244.
Guarantee, or Guaranty, in English
law, XL 236; distinguished from
warranty, xxiv. 372.
Guarapo, drink from sugar-cane, iv.
264.
Guaratingueta, town, Brazil, XL
236.
Guardi, Francesco, Venetian painter,
XL 236.
Guardl\n, in law, xiii. 2; in Roma*
law, XVIIL 413; XX. 672, 688; the
mother as, XXIV. 641.
GuaRIENTO, Italian painter, XL 236.
Guarini, Giovanni Battista, Italian
dramatist, xi. 236; vil 418; xxiii.
78.
Guarino, orGuarinus, of Favora, Italicn
scholar, XL 238.
, or Guarinus, of Verona, Italian
scholar, XI. 238.
Guarxerius, or Imerius, Italian jurist,
XIII. 277.
GUA3TALL.\, town, Italy, XL 238.
GUATEM.\L.\, republic. Central America,
XL 23S; I. 714; ancient state, xvi.
20S; revolt against SiJain_(iS2r), .1.
G U A — G U I
193
710; Indian tribes, XII. 828; railways,
XX. 252.
GUATEMAL.^, town, Guatemala re-
public, XI. 241.
GUATIMOZIN, emperor of Mexico, vi.
442.
Gu.\TTERlA, tree, x:v. 259.
GUAVA, fruit, XI. 242.
GUAViARE, affluent of Orinoco, South
America, xvii. S43.
GUAYANA, or Guiana (5.11.), territory,
South America, xi. 249.
Guayaquil, tow-n, Ecuador, South
America, xi. 242; people and races of,
I. 89.
I , river, Ecuador, vil. 646.
GUAYAQUILLITE, mineral, XVI. 42S.
Guayra, La, town, Venezuela, South
America, XI. 242; XXIV. 140.
, Falls of, Brazil, iv. 222.
GUAZA, or Ganja, hemp resin. III. 627;
XI. 648.
GUBBio, town, Italy, xi. 242; viii. 664;
majolica ware of, XIX. 626.
GuBBO, or Gumbo, plant, XI. 276.
GUBEN, town, Prussia, XI. 243.
GUCUMATZ, Legend of. Central America,
XVI. 20S.
GuDALUR Pass, Nilgiri Hills, India,
XVII. 509.
, or Cuddalor, town, India, vi. 688.
GUDBRAND Laagen, river, Norway,
XVII. 575.
Gudgeon, fish, xi. 243; angling for, 11.
43-
GUDRUN, German epic, x. 524.
, heroine of the Nibelungenlied,
XVII. 474.
GUEBWiLLER, or Gebweiler, town. Ger-
man Alsace, x. 126.
GUEJARITE, mineral, XVI. 394.
Guelderland, ancient duchy, Ger-
many, XI. 243.
, province, Holland, XI. 244.
Guelder Rose, slirub, xi. 244.
GUELDERS, or Guelderland, ancient
duchy, Germany, XL 243
, town, Rhenish Prussia, XL 244.
GUELFS, Italian party, XL 244; XIII.
472, 475; origin of, viii. 558; in time
of Dante, vi. 810; in Florence, IX. 333;
in Rome, XX. 796; in Siena, XXII. 40.
GUELPH, town, Ontario, Canada, xi.
245.
Gu^M^Ni, town, France, xvi. 813.
GU^NAU DE MONTBEILLARD, Philibert,
on birds, XVIII. 6.
GUENDAR, or Gondar, town, Abyssinia,
X. 770.
GvintE, Antoine, French writer, IX.
669.
Gu6RANDE,France, Treaty of (1365), ix.
547-
GUERCINO. Barbieri Italian painter,
III. 364.
GUERET, toOTi, France, XL 245.
GUERICKE Otto von, German scientist,
25— 0»
XL 245; inventor of air-pump, I. 429;
XIX. 246; discoverer of electric light,
VIII. 4.
GUERlGNY, town, France, XVII. 496.
Gu^RIN, Eugenie de, French noetess,
KI. 246.
, Georges Maurice de, French poet,
XL 246.
, Jean Baptiste Paulin, French
■painter, XI. 246
- — •, Pierre Narcisse, French painter, XL
246.
DE MONTGLANE, romance, xx. 65 1.
Guernsey, Channel Islands, England,
XL 247; newspapers of, xvii. 423.
Guerra, Aureliano Fernandez, Spanish
writer, XXII. 362.
DE Granada, Mendoza's work,
XVI. 10.
Guerras de Granada, Perez de Hita's
work, XX. 659.
Guerrazzi, Francesco Domehico, Italian
writer and politician, XL 248; xiil.
516.
GuERRERO,town, Mexico, XL 248; state,
xvi. 214.
GUERRIERO, or Gtlariento, Italian
painter, XI. 236.
GUESCLIN, Bertrand du, constable of
France, vii. 517; IX. 547.
Guest, Lady Charlotte, on Welsh
literature, v. 319.
GUESTLING, Court of Brotherhood and.
Cinque Ports, England, V. 787.
Guevara, Antonio de, Spanish mora-
list, XL 248; euphuism traceable to
his Dial for Princes, XV. 104.
, Luis Velez de, Spanish dramatist,
XL 248; XXII. 358.
Guevei, pigmy antelope, II. loi.
Gugaira, district, India, xvi. 789.
GUGLER War, Switzerland (1374-75),
xxil. 784.
GUGLIELMI, Pietro, Italian musician,
XL 248.
GUGLIELMINI, Domenico, on the motion
of water, XII. 436.
Guiana, territory. South America, XL
249.
, British, South America, XL 249;
birds, XVIII. 16 ; forests, IX. 406 :
Indians, XII. 828; mines, XVI. 471.
, Dutch, South America, XL 251.
, French, South America, XL 253.
Current, hi. 19.
GuiBERT of Nogent, French theo-
logian, XL 255.
— of Ravenna (Clement III., anti-
pope), XL 255.
Guicciardini, Francesco, Italian his-
torian and statesman,- XL 255; xill.
509; his intercourse with Machiavelli,
XV. 151.
GuicciOLl, Countess, her relations with
Byron, IV. 610.
Guichard of Beaulieu, Anglo-Norman
writer vill. 407.
Guicowar, or Gaikwar, Mahiattaruier,
III. 381; XV. 290.
Guide of the Perplexed, Maimo-{
nides's work, XV. 296
GuiDi, Carlo Alessandro, Italian poet,!
XL 257.
, Tommaso (Masaccio), Italian.
painter, XV. 605.
GuiDicciONi, Giovanni, Italian poet,'
XL 257; XIIL 509.
GuiDlMAKHA, State,' Senegambia, West
Africa, XXI. 663.
GuiDO of Arezzo, Italian musician,
XL 257 ; his alleged inventions ia
musical notation, XVII. 80.
of Siena, Italian painter,' XL
258.
• DELLE Coi.ONNE, Italian poet,
xiu. 499 ; his Trojan history XX.
639-
Ren I, Italian painter, xx. 39*6;
XXI. 437.
GuiENNE, Old French province, XI.
258.
GuiERS, river, France, XX. 528.
GuiGNES, Joseph de, French Orientalist,
XL 258.
Gui-HUA-TCHPNC, or Kuku Khoto,
town, China, xiv. 153.
GuiJA, Lake, Guatemala, XL 239.
GUILD, Guilds, xi. 259; vi. 39; ix.
780; as castes, v. 189; municipal,
XVII. 30; of London, XIV. 819; of
Lubeck, XV. 33; early scholastic, XXIII.
S33; trade, II. 213; IV. 63; XIX. 353;
effect of trade guilds on wages, xxiv.
310.
Guildford, town, England, xi. .262;
XXII. 694.
, town, Western Australia, xxiv.l
508.
, Earl of fJohn Maitlaud),statesraan,T
XV. 308.
, Earl of (Frederick North), English''
statesman, XVii. 553.
Guildhall, London, xiv. 820.
Guillemot, bird, xi. 262.
Guillotine, for decapitation, xi. 263.
, Joseph Ignace, French Revolution-
ist, XL 263.
GuiMARAES, town, Portugal, XL 264.
Guinand, Pierre Louis, manufacturer
of optical flint glass, xxill. 139.
Guinea, region. West Coast of Africa,
XL 264; climate of, 1. 269; forest*,*
IX. 408; Negroes, xvil. 316.
Corn. Indian millet, vii. 564; xvi.
321.
Current, in Atlantic, iii. 20.
Fowl, bird, x' 264; xix 646;
xxiii. 657.
Guinea-Goose, bird, x. 778.
Guinea-Grains, drug and snice, xi.
36; xviii. 517.
GuiNEAN SuBREGiON, of birds, III.
759-
GUINEA Pepper, vegetable, xii. 280
XXV. — 25
a 94
G u I — a u s
Guinea-Pig, rodent mammal, v. 277;
XV. 421.
Guinea-Worm, parasitic nematoid
worm, XVII. 325; XVIII. 271.
GuiNEGATE, France, Battle of (1479),
l-^- 553-
Guinevere, wife of King Arthur, XX.
647.
Guingamp, town, France, XI. 265.
GUINICELLI, Guido, Italian poet, XIII.
501.
GuiON, or Guyon, Madame, French
mystic, XI. 341; XVII. 134.
Guipure, variety of lace, xiv. 189.
GUIPUZCOA, province, Spain, XI. 265.
GUIRAUT DE BORNEIL, Proveujal poet,
XIX. 874.
GUIRIA, toivn, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
GuiRLANDE DE JULIE, collection of
French poems, XX. 264.
GUIRON, in Arthurian romance, XX. 648.
GuiSBOROUGH, town, England, XI. 265.
GUISCARD, Marquis de, his attempt to
assassinate Harley, XVIII. 100.
, Robert, duke of Apulia, crusader,
VI. 623; xiil. 470; XX. 596, 791.
OuisE, town, France, XI. 265.
, House of, French noble family, XI.
265; IX. 557.
Guitar, musical instrument, XI. 267.
GUIT-GUIT, bird, XXII. 628.
Guittone d' Arezzo, Italian poet, Xlll.
501, 502.
GuizOT, Franjoia Pierre Guillaimie,
French historian and statesman, XI.
268; IX. 620, 681.
, Madame, French Huguenot, XI.
268.
Gujarat, or Quzerat, district, India, Xi.
344-
GUJars, Indian race, xil. 746.
Gujranwala, district, India, XI. 273;
XX. 109; town, XI. 273.
Gujrat, district, India, XI. 273; XX.
109; to^vn, XI. 274; battle of (1849),
XX. 112.
GULA, river, Norway, XVII. 575.
GUL.\B Singh, ruler in Punjab, India,
XX. 112.
Guldenmann, Catherine, mother of
Kepler, XIV. 47.
Guldin's Theorems, in mensuration,
XVI. 28.
Guledig, the historic King Arthtir, II.
651.
Gulf Stream, Atlantic current, iii.
19; X. 219; XVII. 593; its influence
on the temperature of Norway, XVII.
580; temperature of, XXIV. 510.
Gull, bird, xi. 274.
Gullet, Anatomy of the, VII. 223.
Gulliver's Travels, Swift's work,
XXII. 766.
Gulmose Fort, Donegal, Ireland, vii.
363-
GULO, genus of carnivorous manunaU,
X. 696; XV 440.
Gum, XI. 275; in plants, IV. 88.
, British, or Dextrin, VII. 146.
, Orenburg, XJV. 310.
, Sweet, or Liquidambar, XIV. 687.
Guma, town, Turkestan, KXIV. 728.
Gumjelius, Gustaf Yilhelm, Swedish
novelist, XXII. 757.
Gum Arabic, xl 275.
GumaRAM Khokh. mountain, Cau-
casus, V. 253.
Gum-Benjamin, or Benzoin, gum resin,
III. 581.
Gumbinnen, town, Prussia, XI. 276.
Gumbo, plant, XI. 276.
Gum-Dragon, incense, xn. 718.
GUMMITE, mineral, XVI. 3S8
Gum-Resins, xi. 276; xvil 121.
GUMRI, town, Russian Armenia, XI.
277-
GUMTI, river, India, xvii. 572; XXII.
637-
Gum-Trees, hi. no; viii. 649; xxiv.
216.
Gun, XI. 278. See Guns.
Gun-Carriages, II. 664; XI. 310.
GUN-CorroN, xi. 277; viii. SoS, 8u;
blasting by. III. 80S.
GUNDAPHORUS, Parthian king, XXIII.
308.
GUNDLAKAMMA, river, India, XVII. 320.
GUNDULITSCH, or Gundulic, Ivan,
Dalmatian poet, XI. 278; XXI. 690.
Gungoh (Gangoh), town, India, XXI.
152.
GUNIB, mountain, Caucasus, v. 254.
GUNJA, or Ganja, hemp resin, HI. 627;
XI. 648.
Gunmaking, XI. 278; XXI. 833.
Gun Metal, Strength of, xxil. 603.
GUNNAR, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
XVII. 474.
Gunner, Naval, his duties, xvii. 293.
GUNNERUS, Johan Ernst, Norse
botanist, XVII. 590.
Gunnery, xi. 297; rangefinder, xxiii.
126; sighting, XXII. 46; Robins's
experiments in, XX. 607.
GUNNV, cloth, XI. 315; XIH. 801.
Gunong, Malay word for mountain,
XIIL 601; XV. 321.
Gunpowder, xi. 316; viii. 807; dis-
covery of, by the Arabs, II. 265; first
tise of, II. 655; early notices of, II.
557; knowledge of, ascribed to
Anthemius, II. 103; work done by,
XI. 293.
Plot (1605), England, IX. 57;
XIIL 558.
Guns, xi. 278, 297; ancient, H. 557;
field, of steel bronze, IV. 366; naval,
XVII." 2S6; for sporting, XXI. 832.
CiJNS, town, Hungary, XI. 330.
Guhtep^ Edjnund, English mathe-.
matician, XL 330; xxiii. 562; his
navigation fables, xvii. 255.
Gunter's Chain, of 100 links, for
surveying, XXII. 7*2.
Gunthamund, Vandal king, xxiv."
59-
Gunther, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
XVII. 475.
Gunther, counts of Schwarzburg, xxi.
462.
, Johann Christian, German poet.
XL 331; X. 53*2.
Guntoor, to\VTi, India, XI. 331.
GUOTODIN, district Celtic Britam, v.
301.
Guptas, Indian dynasty, xii. 790.
GUR.\BO, to\vn, Porto Rico, XIX. 532.
GuRAGui, language, North-East Africa,
XXI. 656.
GURAN, Kurdish dialect, XIV. 157.
GURANS, tribe, Kurdistan, XIV. 159.
GuRDASPUR, district, India, XL 331;
XX. 109.
GURGAN, river, Persia, XVIII. 620.
GuRGAON. district, India, XI. 331; XX.
109.
Gurgoyle, or Gargoyle, in architecture,
II. 465.
Gurhwal, or Garhwal, district, India,
X. 80.
GURIANS, race of people, Caucasus, v.
257-
GURIEFF, to^v•n, Russia, XXIV. 6.
GUR Khan, ruler, in Central Asia, XIX.
716.
Gurkhas, or Goorkhas, Nepalese race,
XII. 805; XVII. 341.
GURNALL, William, English divine,
XL 332.
Gurnard, fish, xi. 332; ix. 352.
GURNEY, Elizabeth (Mrs E. Fry), Eng-
lish philanthropist, IX. 804.
, John Joseph, English Quaker, XX.
'49-
, Thomas, English stenographer,
XXI. 837.
GURNIGEL, sjoa, Switzerland, xvi. 435.
Guru, priest, or spiritual guide, in Nepal,
XVIL 342; of the Sikhs, XX. no; in
Tibet, XXIII. 343.
GURUNGS, Nei^alese race, XVII. 341.
GUSEVSK, village, Russia, XXIV. 271.
Gustatory Nerves, i. 896; xxiil 79.
GUSTAVIA, town, St Bartholomew,
West Indies, xxi. 159.
GUSTAVUS I., Vasa, king of Sweden,
XL 333; XXII. 747.
II., Adolphus, of Sweden, XI.
23$ ; IX. 77 ; XXII. 748 ; use of
artOlery by, II. 656 ; battle-song of,
XII. 5S6; death of, at Liitzeu (1632),
III. 125; his influence on France, IX.
569; on Germany, X. 500; hie imtroir
age of Oxenstierna, XVIII. 92 ; as
Swedish writer, XXII. 755.
III., of Sweden, XL 335; XXII,
751, 756; assassination of, 11. 59.
IV., of Sweden, XI. 335 ; XXH.
752.
.•\dolphus Union, German Pro-
testant society, XI. 335.
G U S — H A D
195
GusTROW, town, Gonnany, XI. 336.
GUTACH, mountain and waterfall, Black
Eorest, Germany, XXIV. 700.
Gutenberg, Jolm, early printer, Xl.
336; XXIII. 684, 687.
Guthrie, Thomas, Scottish diyine and
philanthropist, XI. 336.
GUTHRTJM, Danish king, in England,
VIII. 284; his baptism, I. 506.
Gutierrez, Garcia, Spanish dramatist,
XXII. 361.
Guts - Muths, Johann Christoph
yriedrich, German teacher, XI. 337.
GUTTA Perch.\, XI. 337.
Gutte, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Gutter, in architecture, II. 466.
Guru, ancient people, Assj-ria, XIV.
159.
GUTZKOW, Karl, German novelist and
dramatist, XI. 339; X. 545.
CuTZLAFF, Karl Friedrich August,
German missionary to China, XI. 340.
Guy of Brionne, Norman lord, XVI I.
543-
, Thomas, founder of Guy's Hospital,
London, XI. 341.
DE Chauliac, French surgeon,
XXII. 675.
OF Warwick, old English ro-
mance, XI. 341; XX. 658.
Guyana, or Guiana, territory, South
America, XI. 249.
Guvandotte, river. West Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIV. 518.
Guy Fawkes's Day, ix. 58.
CuYON, Madame, French mystic, xi.
341; XVII. 134.
Guy's, Cliff, 'Warwickshire, England,
XXI. 738.
Gu'iTON DE Morveau, Louis Bernard,
Baron, French chemist, XI. 343.
Guzarati Language, Dictionaries of,
VII. 191.
GUZEL-HISSAR, or Aidin, town, Turkey
in Asia, I. 425.
GUZERAT, district, India, XI. 344.
GvzsiAN (St Dominic, q.v.), founder of
Domiuicaus, vii. 353.
•^— , Luiza de, wife of John IV. of
Portugal, XIX. 548.
— , Perez de, Spanish chronicler, XXII.
354-
Blanco, colony, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
GuzMics, Iziaer, Hungarian theologian,
XI. 344.
GWAEN, river, Wales, xviii. 481.
Gwalior, state, India, XI. 345, policy
of EUeuborough towards, viii. 147;
town, XI. 345.
GWASH, river, England, XXI. 114.
GWENNAP, Cornwall, England, Adit at,
1. 154.
Gwilt, Josepli, English architect, XI.
346.
GWYNIAD, fish, XI. 346; XIX. 650; XXL
22 r
GVA, or Gaya, district, India, X. 120;
town, X. 121.
Gyamtso, Sangje, regent of Tibet, xiv.
503-
Gyarmat, Balassa, town, Hungary, xi.
346.
, Fiizes, town, Hungary, xi. 346.
Gyarmatha, to-B-n, Hungary, XI. 346.
Gvarung, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344.
Gyergyo-Szent-Miklos, town, Hun-
gary, XI. 347.
Gyg^an Lake, Asia Minor, XV. 98.
Gyges, Lydian king, xi. 347; XV. 98;
XXII. 186.
Gygis, genu3 of birds, XXIH. 189.
Gylippus, Spartan general, XXII. 370;
in Sicily, xxii. 8 15.
Gyllembourg-Ehrensvard, Baron-
ess, Danish writer, XI, 347; VII. 92.
Gyllenborg, Gustaf Frederik, Swedish
poet, XXII. 756.
Gyllofer, or Gillyflower, plant, X. 601.
Gymnasium, Greek, XI. 347; Olympian,
XVII. 767; modem, XI. 348.
Gymnastics, xi. 348.
Gymnite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Gymnobelideus, genus of marsupial
mammals, XVIII. 729.
Gvmnoblastea-Anthomedus/E, order
of Hydrozoa, XII. 560.
Gymnol^ma, order of Polyzoa, Xix.
437-
Gymnomyxa, grade of Protozoa, xix.
839.
Gymnosomata, order of MoUusca, xvi.
666.
GYMNOSPERMiE, class of plants, xxiv.
131.
Gymnotus, genus of fishes, vil. 694.
Gympie, gold mines, Queensland, XX.
173-
GyNvECOCRACV, supremacy of women,
VIII. 618.
Gyn;ECOLOGY, branch of medicine, xv.
797-
Gyoma, town, Hungary, XI. 350.
Gyongyos, town, Hungary, XL 350.
Gyongyosi, Istvan, Himgarian poet, XI.
351-
Gyor, or Raab, town, Hungary, XX. 190.
GYPAETID.E, family of birds, XXIV. 302.
Gypaetus, genus of birds, XIV. 243.
Gypsum, mineral, XI. 351; x. 228, 232;
XIV. 648; XVL 401; as manure, L
351; beds of, in Tejcas, XXIIL 204;
quarries of, XVI. 454.
Gyraldus, Lilius Gregorius, Italian
scholar, X. 620.
Gyrencephala, division of Mammalia,
XV. 444.
Gvrfalcon, bird, ix. 3.
Gyrolite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Gyron, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Gyroscope, scientific instrument, XL
3;i-
Gyrostat, scientific instrument, xi.
353-
Gyrovagi, Eastern ascetics, xvi. 701.
Gythium, ancient town, Greece, XI.
354-
Gyula, town, Hungary, xi. 354.
Gyulai, Paul, Hungarian poet, xil. 378.
Gzhatsk, town, Russia, XXII. 183,
T T the eighth letter of the alphabet,
AA, XL 355.
Haardt Plateau, Germany, x. 448.
Haarfager (Fairhaired), Harold, king
of Norway, XL 484; XVU. 585.
Haarlem, town, Holland, xi. 355; in-
vention of printing at, XXIIL 689, 692.
' Meer, Holland, Drainage of, XI.
356.
HaarlinGEN, town, Holland, XL 480.
Haas, Spring, rodent mammal, xiii.
626.
Habakkuk, Old Testament prophet,
XL 356.
Hab.\na, or Havana, town, Cuba, XI.
524; VI. 678.
Habbabli, Rabbi, Talmudist, XXIII.
37, 39-
Habeas Corpus, in English law, xi.
358; viiL 345.
Habert, Isaac, French theologian, his
propositions on Jansenism, Xlll. 566.
Hadib ibn Aus et-Tai, or Abu-Teman
(q.v.\ Arabian anthologist, XL 402.
HabinGTON, WiUiam, English poet, XL
359-
Habroptila, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
Habsburg, or Hapsburg (q.v.), Austrian
dynasty, XL 453.
Hachette, Jean Nicolas Pierre, French
mathematician, XL 359; his experi-
ments on the motion of fluids, xii.
438.
, Louis Christophe Francois, French
publisher, XL 360.
Hachi-ishi (Nikko), town, Japan, XVIJ.
503.
HachijO, island, Japan, XI 11. 569.
Hachure, hill-shading, in surveyuig,'
XXII. 709.
Hack, horse, XIL 190.
Hackberry, tree, XL 360
Hackmatack, tree, xrv. 312; xxin;
S09.
Hackney, borough, London, xrv. 82 ir
Coaches, v. 135.
Haco, or Hakon, kings of Norway, XI;
360. See Hakon.
Ha-Cohen, DaWd, Spanish rabbi, vi.
843-
Hadad, Syrian god, XL 360.
Hadadrimmon, Syrian god, XL 361.
Ha Dani (Eldad ben Malchi), Jewish
traveller, vii. 8jy.
'Tadchich, Yovan, Sei-vian writer. XXI.
691.
Haddayyan, Moshehb. Maimun (Ittai-
monides), Je^nsh writer, xv. 295.
Haddington, county, Scotland, xi
im
H A D — H A J
361; area and population, XXI. 52S;
representation, XXIII. 727; to^vn, XI.
362.
HHaddock, fish, XI. 363; XII. 691.
(Hadendoa, race, Nutia, xxii. 615.
Padersleben, town, Prussia, XI. 363.
'Hades, in Christian eschatology, viii.
53S; XX. 114; limbus infantum, XIV.
646.
, or Pluto, in Greek mythology, XIX.
235-
Hadhaz, Hajdu. town, Hvmgary, xi.
377-
Hadi (Musa), caliph, xvi. 581.
iHadith, Moslem legal traditions, XVI.
594-
[Hadji Khalfa, Arabic writer, xi.
377-
BiADLEiGH, town, England, xxii. 622.
JHadley, John, improver of the sextant,
XXI. 725; his quadrant, XVII. 441; his
telescope, XXIII. 137.
iHA|DRAMAUT, district, Arabia, II. 238;
probable home of the Minseans, xxiv.
740.
Hadria (Atri), ancient town, Italy,
III. 50.
Hadrian, or Adrian, I., pope, I. 165;
XX. 786.
II., pope, I. 165; iix. 497.
III., pope, I. 165.
— — IV., pope, I. 165; Xix. 500; XX.
793-
v., pope, I. 165.
•a— VI., pope, I. 166; x!jx. 504; tutor
to emperor Charles V., V. 413; viceroy
of Spain, XXII. 328.
, Roman emperor, XI. 363; XX.
772, 775; at Athens, III. 9; in Britain,
'V. 353; his invasion of Caledonia,
XXI. 471; mansoleumof, 11.419; palace
of, at Rome, XX. 824.
, Wall of, XI. 364J XXI. 471.
Hadrianopolis, town, Thrace, xxili.
318.
Hadrian's Villa, Tibur, Italy, 11. 419;
XXIII. 421.
Hadrumetum, ancient to\vn, Tunis,
XL 366; XXII. 723.
Haeckel, Ernst, his biogenetic law,
XX. 422; on evolution, VIII. 749, 764;
on morphology, XVI. 840 ; his zoo-
logical classification, XXIV. 810.
H/EMADROMOjrETER, for measuring
velocity of the blood, XXIV. 97.
Hi^MATlN, colouring principle of log-
wood, XIV. 805.
HEMATITE,- mineral, XVI. 385; ores of,
XIII. 286.
— =- Steel Company, Barrow, Eng-
land, III. 395.
HiEMATOBLASTS, in pus formation,
xviii. 365.
H^MATOPINUS, genus of insects, XV.
24.
H/EMATOPUS, genus of birils, xviu.
III.
HjEMATOXVLIN, colouring principle of
logwood, XIV. 805.
H/EMATOXYLON, genus of trees, XIV.
805.
HjEMATURIa, Endemic disease, xviu.
271.
HAEMOGLOBIN, constituent of red cor-
piiscles of blood, L 845; Y. 579; XIII.
359; XX. 483.
H.EM0PH1LIA, disease, XVIII. 375.
H/EMORRHAGE, in surgery, XXII. 681.
H/EMORRHOIDS, or Piles, disease, XI.
366; XXII. 684.
H.EMUS, mountain range, Thrace, III.
282; XXIII. 318.
Haffs, bays of the Baltic Sea, iii.
294.
Hafiz, Persian poet, XI. 367; xviii.
659.
Hafsites, dynasty, Tunis, XXIII. 621.
Haft Dast, palaae, Ispahan, Persia,
XIII. 394.
Haft Paikar, poem by Nizami, xvii.
522.
Hagada, or Agadah (q.v.), of the
Midrash, XI. 743.
Hagedorn, Friedrich von, German
poet, XL 368; X. 533.
H.\gelberg, Prussia, Battle of (1813),
XVII. 220.
Hagen, town, Prussia, XI. 369.
, hero of the Nibelungenlied, xvii.
475-
, Friedrich Heinrich von der, Ger-
man writer, XI. 369.
Hagenau, town, Alsace, Germany, XL
369-
Hagenbach, Sari Rudolf, German
church historian, XI. 369.
, Peter von, officer of Charles the
Bold, V. 425; in Switzerland, XXII.
786.
Hagerstown, town, Maryland, U.S.A.,
XI. 370; XV. 603.
Hag-Fish, xi. 370.
Haggadah, or Agadah (q.v.), of the
Midrash, XVI. 285.
SHEL Pesah, Midrash, xvi. 286.
Haggai, Old Testament prophet, XI.
370; XIIL 418.
Haghe, Louis, lithographic artist, xrv.
701.
Hagiar Km, Phoenician ruins, Malta,
XV. 341.
Hagiographa, part of the Hebrew
canon, III. 635; targums of the, XXIII.
62, 64.
Hague, The, town, Holland, xi. 371;
libraries of, XIV. 531; pictures, XXI.
446.
Hahn, August, German theologian, XI.
373-
, Johann Georg von, Austrian
traveller, XL 373 ; on popidar tales,
XXIII. 28.
Hahnemann, Samuel Christian Fried-
rich, founder of homceopathy, XL 373;
Xll. 126; his system of medicine, XV.
814.
Hahn-Hahn, Ida, German novelist, x.
545-
Haholt, countship, Germany, XIV. 683.
Haiathalah. people, Central Asia,
XVIII. lOI.
Haidar, Shaikh, ruler of Persia, XVIII.
634.
Haidarab.\D, or Hyderabad, district,
Sind, India, XII. 429; town, XII. 430.
, or Hyderabad, territory, Central
India, XII. 428; town, XII. 429.
Haidar Ali, or Hyder Ali, Mahometan
leader, India, XII. 427.
Haidas, people. Queen Charlotte
Islands, XX. 170; XXIII. 469.
Haidhausen, suburb of Munich,"
Bavaria,'xvii. 24.
Haidinger, Wilhelm von, Austrian
mineralogist, XL 373.
Haidingerite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Hai-Dzuong, tewa, Tong-King, vi. 96.
Haikan Language, Armenian, 11. 549.
Haikh, or Armenia, country, Asia, II.
546.
Hail, xvi. 132; formation of, x. 280.
Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord,
Scottish judge and historian, XL 174;
XXII. 446.
Haillan, B. de Girard du, French his-
torian, IX. 653.
Haimburg, or Hainburg, town, Austria,
XL 376.
Hainan, island, China, XI. 374; birds
of, HI. 762.
Hainau, town, Prus.sia, xi. 375.
Hainault, province, Belgium, XL 375.
HAlNBUND,Gottingen school, in German
literature, X. 540.
Hainburg, to\\Ti, Austria, XL 376.
Hainichen, town. Saxony, xi. 376.
Hai-Phong, to^vn, Tong-King, XXIII.
440.
Hair, 1.^898; 11. iii; xxii. 107; colour-
ingTjf, III. 825; false, XXIV. 560; loss
of, XXII. 121 ; of the Negro, xvn.
317; of mammals, xv. 347; for manH-
facture, XL 376; XXIV. 653; of plants,
IV. 90; xil. 17.
Hairbell, or Harebell, plant, XI. 478. 1
Hair-Salt, mineral, xvi. 401.
Hair-Tail, fish, xi. 377.
Hair-Worms, nematode worms, XVII.
325-
Haiscin, or Gaissin, town, Russia, X. 16.
Haitham ibn Adi, Arab historian,
XXIII. 3.
Haiti, or Hayti (q.v.), island, West
Indies, XL 543; XXIV. 510, 511.
Haj, or Hajj (q.v.), Moslem pilgrim'
caravan, VI. 792.
Hajduk, disLiict, Hungary, XI. 377
Haje, asp of Egypt, II. 714.
Hajeepoor (Hajipur), to^vn. India,
XL 377; disbict, XVII. 114.
Hajek, Bohemian chronicler, xxil. 152.
H A J — H A L
197
Ha.iipuk, toTTTt, India, xr. 377; district,
XVII, 114.
Hajj, Mohammedan pilgrims, V. 84;
VI. 792; XVI". 592; at Mecca, xv. 674.
HaJJAJ ben .Yusuf, Moslem general,
XVI. 571.
Hajji Baba, Morier's woik, XVIII. 649.
Hajji Khalfa, Arabic -n-riter, xi. 377.
Hake, fish, xi. 378; xii. 697.
HaKEA, tree, New South Wales, XVll.
4IO.
Hakim, Fatimite caliph, XI. 378; vii,
751; founder of the Druses, vii. 484.
, district chiefs, Persia, XVin. 628.
al-Mokanna, the Veiled Prophet,
Moslem pretender, XVI. 44, 580, 608.
Sanai, Persian -RTiter, xviii. 658.
Hakko, river and lagoon, Togo-land,
West Africa, XXIII. 432.
Hakluvt, Richard, English geographer,
XI. 378; X. 183.
Hakodadi, or Hakodate, town, Japaq,
XI. 379; XIII. 578.
Hakon, or Haco, the Good, king of
Norway, XI. 360; XVII. 585.
, the Great, jarl or earl of Norway,
XVII. 586.
, grandson of Sverri, king of Nor-
way, XI. 360; XVII. 588; his Scottish
expedition (1^63), XXI. 485.
, Magnusson, king of Norway (d.
I319), XVII. 589.
Hakone, lake, Japan, xill. 572.
H.AKPEN-HiLL, England, Megaliths on,
III. 144.
Hal, town, Belgium, xi. 379.
Hala, town, India, XI. 379.
rHALACHA, or Halakhah, of the Midrash
and Mishnah, Xi. 742; xvi. 285, 503.
!Halas, town, Hungary, XI. 380.
HalbErstadt, town, Prussia, XI. 380;
XXI. 360.
iHalbert, weapon, xi. 380.
■Halcon, mountain, Philippine Islands,
xviii. 748.
JHalcyon, bird, xiy. 82.
Haldane, James Alexander, Scottish
^ evangeli.st, XI. 380; XXI. 537.
-^ — , Robert, Scottish evangelist, XI.
381; XXI. 537.
lllALE, Sir Matthew, English lord chief-
justice, XI. 381; on the Door laws,
XIX. 469.
Haleb (Aleppo), io\m, Syria, I. 477.
Halek, Vitezslav, Bohemian poet,
XXII. 152.
Hales, Stephen, English physiologist
and inventor, XI. 382 ; on the composi-
tion of the atmosphere, v. 461; his
contributions to vascular physiology,
XXIV. 97.
Halesowen, town, England, xxiv. 666.
Halet, dervishes' ecstasy, VII. 114.
■HALivY, Jacques Francois Fromental,
French musician, XI. 3S2.
Halfa, Wady, town, on the Nile,
Africa, Jtvil. 507, -'
Halfdan, the Black, Norse king, XVII.
585.
Halflangs, cross breed of sheep, I.
393-
Haliacmon (Vistritza), river, Mace-
donia, XV. 137.
Haliaetus, genus of birds, vn. 590.
Kali BURTON, Thomas Chandler (Sam
Slick),. Nova-Scotian satirist, XI. 383.
Halibut, or Hoi ibnt, fish, xii. 58, 692.
Halicarnassus, ancient tcn>-n, Asia
Minor, XI. 3S3; mausoleum at, 11.
413-
Halichcerus, genus of seals, XV. 443;
XXI. 581.
Halicore, genus of cetacean mammals,
vn. 516; XV. 390.
Halicz, or Galitch, town, Russia, x. 37.
Halides, Acid, in chemistry, v. 571.
Halidome, sacred object on which
oaths are taken, XVii. 700.
Halidon Hill, England, Battle of
(1333), XXI. 489.
Halieutica, Oppian's poem, xvii. 797.
Halifax, town, England, Xl. 384; popu-
lation and representation, XXIV. 748.
, town, Nova Scotia, XI. 385; XVII.
603.
, Earl of (Charles Montague), English
statesman and poet, XI. 3S5; his rela-
tions with Ne\vton, XVII. 445.
, Marquis of (George Savile), English
statesman and WTiter, XI. 386.
Hallmat el Kabu, mountain, Syria,
XIV. 394.
Haliotis, genus of Mollusca, xvi. .645;
XVII. 2.
Halisarcina, order of sponges, xxil.
422.
Halite, mineral, x. 228; XVL 384.
H alitherium, genus of extinct sirenian
mammals, XV. 391.
H.\LL, in architecture, II. 466.
, town, Austria, XI. 3S8; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
, town, Wiirtemberg, XI. 388.
, Basil, British traveller and ^vrlte^,
XL 388.
, Charles Francis, American Arctic
explorer, XL 3S8; XIX. 323.
, Chester Moor, his achromatic
telescopes, XXIII. 137.
, Edward, English lawyer and
chronicler, XI. 3S9.
, Sir James, of Dunglass, Scottish
geologist, XI. 388. .
, James, American judge and writer,
XL 3S9.
, John, Shakespeare's son-in-law,
XXI. 765.
— — , Joseph, bishop of Exeter and
Norwich, XI. 389; XVL 328.
, Marshall, English physician, XI.
390; XV. 817; on restoration of the
apparently dro\\'ned, VII. 475.
, Robert, English pulpit orator, XI.
399.
Halla, or Hala, town, India, xi. 379.
Hallam, Arthur Henry, son of the'
historian, xi. 393.
, Henry, English historian, XL 393. '
Halland, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
Hallar, district, India, xiv. 15.
Hallau, district, Switzerland, xxi.
3S6.
Halle, town, Prussia, XL 395; xxi.
360; university of, xix. 83; xxiii.
847.
, or Hall, Edward, English la^vye^
and chronicler, XI. 389.
Halleck, Fitzgreene, American poet,
XI. 396.
, Henry Wager, Ameiican general
XI. 396.
Hallenberg, Jonas, Swedish historian,
XXII. 758.
Haller, Albrecht von, Swiss anatomist
and physiologist, XI. 396; xv. 813;
as anatomist, 1. 814; his cDntributions
to embryology, viii. 164; to zoological
study, xxiv. 815; as poet, X. 533;
XXII. 797.
, Gottlieb E., Swiss historian, xxii.
799-
Halley, Edmund, English astronomer,
XI. 397; his method of calculating
value of an annuity, 11. 79; his astro-
nomical observations, II. 756; hia
comet, u. 814; VL 193; diving bell, vn.
294; on Icgarithmic tangents, xvil.
256; on porisms, XIX. 520; his corre-!
spondence with Newton, xvii. 442.
Hallgrimsson, Jonas, Icelandic writei-,'
xxi. 369.
H.4LLId.\y, Joseph, musical instrument
maker, xvii. 778.
Hall-Marks, on silver, Xix. 186.
Hallomys, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
Hallopoda, order of fossil reptiles, xx.l
443-
Hallowev^n, or Hallowe'en, vigil of
All Saints day, XL 398.
Hallowmas, All Saints day, i. 578;
XL 398.
Halloysite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Hullucination, in insanity, xill.'
105.
Halluin, town, France, XL 398.
Hallux, or Great Toe, 1. Vi^o-f of apes,
II. 148.^
Hallwyl, lake, Switzerland, xxil. 777.
Halmahera (Jilolo), island, Indian
Archipelago, XIII. 692.
Halmstad, town, Sweden, XI. 398.
Halo, luminous ring, XI. 398; XI V.
597-
Halogens, in chemistry, v. 490; deter-
mination of, V. 547.
Haloid Ethers, in chemistry, v.
564.
Hals, Dirk, Dutch painter, xi. 400.
, Frans (1584-1666), Dutch painter.
XI. 399J XVIII. 58.
198
H A L — H A N
Hals, Frans (c. 1622-1669), Dutch
painter, XI. 400.
Halstead, town, England, XI. 400.
Haltjca, genus of insects, XXIII. 668.
Haly, Persian physician, xv. 805.
Halyburton, Andrew, early Scottish
writer, XXI. 541.
, Thomas, Scottish di\-ine, XI. 400.
Halys (Kizil Irmak), river, Asia Minor,
II. 707; XVIII. 227.
Ham, of Scriptxire, XI. 401; xvil.
523-
, tcrwn, France, XI. 401; Louis
Napoleon's imDriaomnent at, XVII.
227.
Hamadan, town, Persia, xi. 401; vii.
621; XVIII. 626, 62S; colossal lion at.
xviii. 564.
Hamadryads, in Greek mythology,
VII. 487; XVII. 688.
Hamadryas. orenus of enakes, XXII.
196.
Hamah, town, Syria, xi. 401.
HamaLANT, early German state, XXI.
215.
Ham.^met, or Hammamet, town.
North Africa, XI. 366; XXIII. 620.
Haman, of Scripture, viii. 560.
Hamann, Johann Georg, German
philosopher and theologian, XI. 402;
XVII. 135.
Hahartite, mineral, xvi. 383.
Hamasah, or Hamasa, collection of
Arabic poems, XI. 402; I. 61; II. 263;
XVI. 539, 595.
Hamath, or Hamah. t6wn, Syria, XI.
401; XXII. 822.
Hambato, or Ambatr' town, Ecuador, I.
659.
HAMBtJRG, state, Germany, XI. 403.
, free city, Germany, XI. 404, 450;
libraries, XIV. 546; newspapers, XVII.
429; observatory, xvii. 712.
Ham Common, town, England, xxii.
694.
Hameln, town, Hanover, Germany, xi.
409.
HamerLING, Robert, German poet, X.
546.
Hamesucken, crime, in Scots law, iv.
534-
Hami, town, Central Asia, XI. 409.
Hamid Bey, Turkish dramatist, xxiil.
656.
Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian gen-
eral, XI. 409; XX. 747; in Spain,
XXII. 305.
HAJnLTON, town, Scotland, XI. 410.
, town, Bermudas, in. 599.
, town, Ontario, Canada, XI. 411;
XVII. 775.
, to%^-n. New York, U.S.A., xi.
411.
, to-n-n, Ohio, U.S.A., XI. 41 1.
, town, Victoria, XI. 411.
, river, Labrador, xiv. 175.
, Mount, California, XXIII. Soi;
telescope in observatory on, XXIII.
151.
Hamilton, Alexander, American jurist
and statesman, XI. 412; Xix. 384;
XXIII. 755; his historical sketches, I.
721.
, Anthony, French courtier and
writer, XI. 414, 44.
, Arthur, assassin of the regent
Murray, XVII. 62; XXI. 506.
, Elizabeth, Scottish authoress, XI.
414.
, Emma, Lady, friend of Lord Nel-
son, XI. 421; XVII. 323; XX. 839.
, James, teacher of languages, XI.
415.
, John, archbishop of St Andrews,
early Scottish writer, XXI. 541.
, Patrick, Scottish Reformer and
martyr, XI. 415; his influence on
Alesius, 1. 478.
, Robert, Scottish political econo-
mist, XI. 415.
, Thomas, Scottish novelist and
critic, XI. 416.
, 'William (1704-1754), Scottish poet,
XL 421.
, Sir William (1730-1803), anti-
quary and art collector, XI. 420.
, Sir Waiiam (1788-1856), Scottish
metaphysician, XI. 416; on aesthetics,
I. 222; on analogy, I. 791; his criti-
cism of Cousin, VI. 527; on induction
and deduction, I. 797; his relation to
Jacobi's theories, XIII. 537; his logic,
XIV. 799; on mental reproduction, II.
730; his view of psychology, XX. 38;
on scepticism, XXI. 382.
, William Gerard, English tiolitician,
IV. 540.
, Sir William Rowan, mathema-
tician, XI. 421; on the solution of
equations, I. 516; his invention of the
hodograph, XII. 41; his investigations
on light, XIV. 597; inventor of qua-
ternions, XX. 160.
College, New York. Observatory
at, XVII. 715.
Hamiltonian System, of teaching
languages, XI. 415.
Hamirpur, district and town, India,
XL 423.
Hamitic Languages, xviii. 778; their
relation to Semitic, XXI. 642.
Hamlet, or Amleth, prince of Den-
mark, XL 423.
, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764.
HamM, to-wn, Prussia, XI. 424.
Hammad, Arabic rhapsodist, xvi. 536.
Hammam al-Anf, spa, Tunis, XXIII.
620.
Hammamet, town, Tunis, xxiii. 620.
Hammarskold, Lorenzo, Swedish
writer, XI. 424; XXII. 757.
Hamme, to^Ti, Belgium, XI. 424.
Hammer, xi. 425.
, Steam, IX. 413; XIII. 328.
Hammered Metal-Work, xvl 72.
Hammerfest, town, Norway, xi. 426.
Hammerhead Shark, fish, xn. 685;
XXL 776.
Hammerken (Thomas a Kempis),medi-
jeval ■ivriter, Xiv. 31.
HammerkoP, bird, XXII. 578.
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von,
Austrian Orientalist, XL 426.
Hammersmith, suburb of London, XI.
427; XIV. 822.
Hammock, Life-saving, xiv. 573.
Hammond, Henry, English Royalist
divine, XI. 427 ; hymn-writer. XII.
594-
Hammudites, Arab dynasty in Spain,
xxiL 315.
Hamoazp, harbour, England, vii.
315-
Hamon, Jean Louis, French painter, XI.
428.
Hampden, John, English Parliamen-
tarian, XL 428; VIII. 346.
, Renn Dickson, bishop of Hereford,
XL 429.
Hampshire, county, England, xi. 430;
population and representation, XXIII.
727.
Hampstead, suburb of London, XI.
432; XIV. 822.
Heath, near London, xiv. 824.
Hampton, town, England, xi. 432.
Court Conference (1604), viii.
377; XIX. 686.
Court Palace, England, xi. 432;
XX. 545; cartoons at, XVII. 38; maze
in gardens at, XIV. iSi; picture gallery,
XXI. 445; tapestry in, XXIII. 212.
Hampton's Parachute, i. 201.
Hampton Wick, town, England, xxil.
694.
Hamra, town, Egj-pt, VII. 775.
Hamster, rodent mammal, XL 433;
XV. 419; skins of, IX. 838.
Hamun, swamp, Sistan, Persia, XVIII.
620; XXII. 100.
Hamza b. Abdalmottalib, uncle of
Mohammed, XVI. 550, 556.
Hamze B. Ali B. Ahmed, Druse chief,
VII. 484
Hanafites, Moslem sect, xvL 593;
XXII. 661.
Hanaks, trilie, Moravin, XVi. 811.
Hanap, tankard, XIX. 186.
Hanau, town, Prussia, XL 433.
Hanbalites, Moslem sect, xvi. 593;
XXII. 661.
Hancock, John, American statesman,
XI. 433; XV. 616; XXIII. 738.
, Winfield Scott, American general,
XXIII. 785, 789.
Hand, Human, 1. 827; joints of, L S39;
sense of touch- in, XXIII. 480^
, of mammals, XV. 359.
Handeck, waterfall, Switzerland, XXII.
777-
Handel, George Frederick, German
H A N — H A R
199
mnsical composer, XI. 433; character
of his nrnsic, xvii. 90.
Hand-Grasping, form of salutation,
XXI. 237.
Handicapping, in horse racing, xii.
202.
Handsel Monday, xvii. 450.
Hand Tools, xi. 436; for mining, xvi.
444.
Handwriting, xvm. 143; different
kinds of, XXIII. 682.
Handy Andy, Lover's novel, XV. 29.
HANG-CHO\v-Foo,or Hang-Chow, town,
China, XI. 439; v. 636; XXIV. 728.
Hangendenlissen (Funfhaus), suburb
of Vienna, IX. 827.
Hangest, HeUne de, French potter,
XIX. 629.
Hanging, Death fron;, xv. 781.
Hills, Connecticut, xxill. 795.
Hangings, Ancient textile, xxill. 208;
for waU decoration, XVII. 38.
H.ang-Shan, mountain, China, v. 637.
Han-hai (Gobi), desert. Central Asia,
X. 713.
Haniang, town, Corea, vi. 391.
Hanifs, Arab sect, XVI. 546, 548.
Hank A, Wenceslaus, Bohemian philo-
logist, XI. 440; XXII. 151.
Han-Keang, river, China, v. 632.
Hankow, town, China, xi. 440; v.
637-
Hanley, town, England, xi. 440; XXII.
442.
Hanna, plain, Moravia, xvi. 810.
Hannana, Syriac writer, XXII. 837.
Hannasi, Rabbi Yehudah, editor of
the Mishnah, XX. 190.
Hannay, James, Scottish critic and
novelist, xi. 441.
, Patrick, Scottish poet, XXI. 543.
Hannibal, Carthaginian general, XI.
441 ; v. 161 ; his contests with Home,
XX. 749; his destruction of Selinus,
XXI. 633; in Spain, xxil. 305.
, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XI. 445;
XVI. 526.
Hannington, Bishop, place of his
murder, XXIII. 718.
Hanno, Carthaginian general, XI. 445.
, king of Carthage, XI. 445; V. 160;
his voyage of discovery, X. 175.
, Periplus of, I. 245; X. 175; XI. 445.
Ha-noi, town, Tong-King, VI. 96;
XXIII. 440.
Hanover, province, Germany, xi. 446;
XX. .4, 16.
, town, Germany, XI. 448; XX. 16;
libraries, Xiv. 546; newspapers, XVII.
429.
, House of, succeeds to the English
throne, VIII. 354.
Island, Patagonia, xviii. 352.
Hansa, or Hanseatic League (q.v.), Ger-
many, XI. 449.
Hansard, Luke, English printer, XI.
449
Hanse, association of free burghs, Scot-
land, IV. 64.
Hanse.^tic League, Germany, xi. 449;
X. 493, 495, 501; XV. 32; early com-
merce of, VI. 2CO
Hanse Merchants, in London, xxii.
528.
Hansen, Mauritz Christopher, Nor-
wegian poet, XVII. 590.
, Peter Andreas, Danish astronomer,
XI. 451; on the lunar theory, XVL
801 ; his formula for meridian transits,
XXIII. 516.
Hanse Towns, Germany, xi. 450; xv.
32-
Han-Siro, Japanese Roman Catholic
missionary, xxiv. 717.
Hansteen, Christopher, Norwegian
astronomer and physicist, XI. 452;
XVII. 592; his researches in magnetism,
XV. 237, 249.
Hans Wurst, of the German drama,
VII. 440.
HaNTHAwady, district, Eurmah, XX.
271.
Hants, or Hampshire, county, England,
XI. 430; XXIII. 727.
Hanuman-NataK.a, Sanskrit drama,
XXI. 286.
Hanusch, Ignaz Johann, Bohemian
philosopher, XI. 452.
Hanway, Jonas, English traveller and
philanthropist, XI. 452; in Persia,
XVIII. 643; XX. 286; his umbrella,
XXIII. 723.
Hag, islets, Tuamotu, South Pacific,
XXIII. 602.
Hapale, genus of apes, II. 155.
Hapalemur, genua of lemurs, XIV.
442.
Hapalin^, Hapalid.*, group of apes,
n. 154; XV. 444.
Hap.\loderma, genus of birds, XXIII.
584.
Hapaloptila, genus of birds, XX. loi.
Hapalotis, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII, 6.
Haparanda, town, Sweden, XI. 453.
Hapi (Apis), Egyptian divinity, II. 173;
VII. 717.
Haplocyta, order of Protozoa, XIX.
853-
Haplodontid.c, family of rodent
mammals, XV. 418.
Haplomorpha, suborder of Mollusca,
XVI. 656.
Hapoor, or Hapur, town, India, XI.
454-
Happiness, in ethics, viii. 582, 585.
Hapsburg, German family and Austrian
dynasty, XI. 453; III. 124; X. 496; in
Spain, XXII. 327; its connexion with
S^\'itzerland, XXII. 781.
Hapur, town, India, xi. 454.
Har, Egyptian divinity, VII. 717.
. Haram, sacred territory, Ai-abia, II. 236;
/ XV. 669, 670. \
HaRam, sanctuary, Jerusalem, xill.
637-
HAR.AN, district, Mesopotamia, XI.
454-
Harant, Christopher, Bohemian
traveller and writer, XXII. 152.
Harappa, town, India, xvi. 789.
Harar, town, North-East Africa, XI.
454; language of, xxi. 656.
Harbours, xi. 455.
Harburg, to^vn, Hanover, Germany,
XI. 472.
Harclay, Sir Andrew, degraded from
knighthood, xiv. 125.
Harcourt, Marquis d', French diplo-
matist, IX. 580.
Hardanger Fjord, Norway, xvii.
576.
Hard Cash, Reade's novel, XX. 303.
HaRDENBERG, Friedrich von (Novalis),
German poet and philosopher, XI.
472; X. 542; hymns by, XII. 588.
, Karl August, Prussian statesman,
XI. 472; XX. II.
Hardening, of metals, xxii. 599.
Harderwijk, town, Holland, XI. 473 ;
university of, XXIII. 850.
Hardhon, African lizard, XIV. 737.
Hardicanute, or Hardiknut, Danish
king of England, XI. 473; VIII. 289.
Harding, James Duffield, English
painter, XI. 473; XIV. 701.
, or Hardyng, John, early English
chronicler, XI. 475; XIV. 256.
, Stephen, Benedictine monk, III.
601.
Hardinge, Viscount, English general,
XI. 474.
Hardingstone, town. England, xvn.
556.
Hardness, of minerals, xvi. 378.
. , of water, XXIV, 399, 409.
Hardoi, district, India, XL 474.
Hardouin, Jean, French scholar, XI/
474-
Hardrada, Harold, Norse king, xi.
484; XVII. 5S7.
Hardt, Hermann von der, German
Orientalist, XI. 475.
Hardwar, town, India, XI. 475; xxL
152.
Hardy, Alexandre, French dramatist,
XI. 475; IX. 6^7.
Hardyng, John, early English chroni-
cler, XL 475; on the claim of Henry
IV. of England, XIV. 256.
Hare, rodent mammal, XI. 476; XV.
421; coursingof the, VI. 515; hunting,
XII. 396; shooting of, XXI. 834; Arctic,
colour of, XVI. 343; Belgian, XX. 193;
Sumatran, XXII. 640.
, Jumping, of South Africa, XIII.
626.
, Alexander, English adventurer,
XIV. 27.
, Augustus William, English divin™-
XJ. 477.
200
H A E — H A R
Hare, Julius Charles, English theologi-
cal writer, XI. 477.
Harebell, plant, xl 478.
Hareek, mountains and oasis, Arabia,
II. 240, 254.
Hareeree, or Hariri, Arabic -nriter, XI.
479; II. 265.
Harefoot (Harold I.), king of England,
XI. 4S5.
Harem, or Seraglio, xi. 478.
HarEn, Onno Zwier van, Dutch poet,
XII. 96.
, Willem van, Dutch poet, XII. 96.
Harewood Castle, Yorkshire, Eng-
land, XXIV. 749.
HarfleUR, town, France, XI. 478.
Har Govind, Sikh ruler, India, XX.
Ill
Hargraves, E., discoverer of gold in
Australia, 111. 114.
, James, inventor of spinning jenny,
II. 541; VI. 490; XVII. 600.
Hariana, district, India, XI. 479; XX.
"624.
Haricot Beans, in. 460.
Haring, Wilhelra, German novelist, xi.
479-
Harington, Sir John, English ^vriter,
XI. 479.
Hariri, Arabic ^niter, XL 479; 11. 265.
Haej-RUD, river, Afghanistan, I. 22^
Harith, Arabic poet, XVI. 557.
Harkness, W., his correction for chro-
matic aberration, XXIII. 141.
Harlaw, Scotland, Battle of (141 1),
XV. 525.
Harleian Library, xviii. ioi.
Harleian MSS., in British Museum,
xrv. 515; xviii. 100.
Harlem River, New^York, _U.S.A.,
XVII. 457.
Harlequin, in Italian drama, viji^iS;
of the pantomime, XVIII. 215.
JHarley, Robert, first earl of_Oxford,
XVIII. 99.
Harlingen, town, Holland, xi. 480.
Harlot's Progress, Hogarth's engrav-
ings, XII. 48.
Harm, town, Central Asia, xiv. 4.
Harmattan, wind, West Africa, VI.
766; XXII. 44.
Harmodius, Athenian popular hero,
XI. 480.
Harmonia, in Greek legend, XI. 480.
Harmonica, musical instrument, xi.
481.
Harmonic Analysis, in physics, xi.
481.
Harmonic Motion, in mechanics, xi.
482; XV. 685.
Harmonics, in acoustics, i. iii; xvil.
88; beats of, XVIL 10$.
Harmonic Series, xxi. 678.
Harmonies, Celestial, Kepler's system
of, XIV. 47.
Harmoniphone, musical instrument,
XVII. 106.
Harmonium, musical instrument, xi.
483-
Harmony, of colours. Psychological
analysis of, XX. 69.
, Musical, VII. 593; XVII. 77; prin-
ciples of, I. 107; Greek notions of,
IL 524; psychological analysis of per-
ception of, XX. 69; treatise on, by
Alfrod Day, xvil. 100.
, Pre-established, Leibnitz's doctrine
of, XIV. 421.
Harmosia (Ormus), ancient U^vm,
Persia, xvn. 856.
Harmotome, mineral, XVI. 423.
Harness, saddlery, xxL 142.
• Horse, xii. 191.
Harney, Mount, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxiii. 797.
Haro, town, Spain, XI. 484.
, Luis de, Spanish minister, XXll.
332-
Islands, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXI. 266.
Harold I., king of England, xi. 485;
VIII. 290; his relations with William
of Normandy, xxiv. 575.
II., of England, XL 485.
I., Fairhair, king of Norway, Xl.
484; XVII. 585.
II., Greyfell, of Norway, xi. 484;
XVII. 586.
III., Hardrada,of Norway, XI. 484;
XVII. 587.
— — IV., Gilchrist, of Norway, XL 485;
XVIL 588.
Harosh, or Rosh (Rabbenu Asher),
German rabbi, xx. 852.
Haroun al Raschid, caliph of Bagh-
dad, XL 487 ; I. 9; XVI. 581 ; his
buOdings in Baghdad, III. 234'; tribute
paid to, by Nicephorus I., XVIL -481.
Harp, musical instrument, XL 4S8;
irard's, VIII. 512.
Harpactes, genus of birds, XXIII. 584.
Harpa-Khruti (Harpocrates), Egyp-
tian deity, VII. 717; XL 491.
Harpalus, of Macedonia, his relations
with Demosthenes, vil. 71.
Harpe, F. C. de la, Swiss revolutionist,
xxiv. 115.
Harper's Ferry, town, Virginia,
U.S.A., XI. 490; insurrection at (i 859),
IV. 385.
Harpies, in Greek mythology, xi. 490;
iiL 431.
Harpocrates, Greek deity, xi. 491 ;
VII. 717.
Harpoon, whaling spear, xxiv. 526.
Harporhynchus, genus of birds, xvi.
541.
Harpsichord, musical instrument,
XIX. 69.
Harpy, bird, XI. 491.
Harpyia, genus of bats, XV. 409.
HarpyI/E, or Harpies, in Greek mytho-
logy, XL 490.
Harqubibus, weapon, 11. 55S.
Harran, or Haran, ancient town, Meso-
potamia, XI. 454; XVI. 4S: bilingual
inscription of, XXI. 651
Harranians, sect of Mesopoiaiuia, XXI.
128.
Harrier, bird, xi. 491.
, dog, VIL 329; XII. 316.
Harrington, James, English political
Writer, XI. 4*92.
Harriot, Thomas, English mathemati-
cian, XL 493; his discoveries in
algebra, 1. 514.
Harris, part of island^ Hebrides, Scot-
land, XIV. 492.
, Howell, Welsh Methodist preacher,
XVI. 193.
, James, eafl of Malmesbury, XV,
336-
, James, English grammarian, XI,
493-
, John(c. 1 667-1 7 19), English writer,
XI. 493; editor of the Lexicon Techni-
cum, VIII. 195.
, John (1802-1856), English divine
and writer, XL 493.
, Thomas and Reni5, French organ
builders, XVIL 837.
. , WiUiam C, traveller in Abyssinia.
1.66.
, Sir William Snow, English electri-
cian, XL 493; his electrometer, VIIL
119; on dielectric strength of gases,
VIII. 61.
Harrisburg, .town, Pennsylvanisi
U.S.A., XL 494.
Harrison, Frederic, on lav/, xiv. 357,
361.
. , John, English mechanician, XIJ
494 ; inventor of sea-chronometerai
xvil. 259.
, WUliam Henry, president _ ol
LTnited States, XL 495.
Harrodsburg, town, Kentucky,
U.S.A., XIV. 44.
Harrogate, to%vn, England, xi, 495;
population, XXIV, 748 : mineral wateB
of, XVI. 434, 435.
Harrow, agricultural implement, t,
318, 337.
Harrow-on-the-Hill, igyrn,^ Bngj
land, XL 495.
Harrow School, England, xi. 495.
Harry, Blind, Scottish minstrel, xi,
496; XXIV. 326.
Lorrequer, Lever's novel, xiv,
.485.
Harsha-Deva, Sri, Hindu dramatist
XXI. 285.
Harspranget, waterfall, Sweden, XXll.
737-
Hart, Emma (Lad^ Hamilton, g.r.),
XX. 839
Harte-Beest, antelope, XL 496; XV.
432-
Hartford, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.
XL 496; convention at (1814), xxnu
760; libraries, XI V, 550.
H A R — H A U
201
Harthacnut, or Hardicanute, Danisli
king of England, XI. 473; viii. 2S9.
Hartig, Georg Ludwig, German writer
on forestrj', XI. 497.
Hartine, mineral, xvi. 429.
HaRTITE, mineral, XVI. 429.
Hartlepool, town, England, xi. 497.
Hartley, David, English pkUosopher;
XI; 498; on mental association, 11.
731; Ms etlucal system, vin. 607.
Hartlib, Samuel, educationist and
agriculturist, xi. 499; on agriculture,
I. 297.
Hartlieb, Johann H., on cliiromancy,
XIX. 4.
Hartjiann, Eduard von, on evolution,
VIII. 769; Ms metaphysics of pessimism,
xviii. 689.
, Georg, first observer of magnetic
dip, XV. 221.
I , Moritz, German poet and novelist,
XI. 499.
: VON AUE, German poet, XI. 499.
Hartog, Dirk, liis exploration of the
Australian coast, III. 103.
Hartshe.vd Pike, hUl, England, xvn.
867.
Hartshorn, Spirits of, XL soa
Hartz, or Harz, mountains, Germany,
XL 507; X. 448.
Harun er-Rashid, or Haroun al-
Easchid, caliph of Baghdad, xi. 4S7;
L 9; XVL 581; XVII. 481.
Haruspic^tion, divination by entrails,
VII. 293.
Maruspices, Roman soothsayers. XL
500; VII. 293.
Harut, river, Afghanistan, l. 229.
Harvard, Mount, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIII. 796.
» College, Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, U.S.A., XL 500; XV. 614;
XXIIL 857; library, XIV. 534; obser-
vatory, XVIL 715.
Harvest-Bug, arachnid, XL 500 ; ll.
275; XVL 529.
Harvesting, of grain crops, i. 362.
Harvest-Men, arachnids,. 11. 278,
279.
Harvest Moon, ii. 798.
Harvey, Gabriel, English writer, XL
501 ; his friendship with Spenser,
XXII. 393.
— — , Sir George, Scottish painter, XL
501.
-T — , Mr, his dairy farm, I. 345, 346.,
■ , William, discoverer of circulation
of the blood, XI. 502; I. 810; XV. 809;
XXIV. 96; on embryology, viii. 164;
on epigenesis, VIII. 744, 747.
Harwich, tow-n, England, xi. 507.
H.4RZEURG, to\^Ti, Prussia, xi. 508.
Harz Mountains, or Harzgebii^,
Germany, xi. 507; x. 448.
Hasa, pro%-ince, Arabia, II. 234.
Hasan of Basra, Arab historian, xxill.
2.
Hasan, Uzun, sovereign of Persia, xviii.
633-
B. Ali, caliph, xvL 566; 11. 258;
hero of a Moslem passion play, XI.
508; XVIII. 660.
B. Sabbah, founder of the sect of
Assassins, II. 723; XVII. 771.
Hasbeya, town, Syria, XL 509.
Hasdrueal, Carthaginian general, XL
509.
, son of HamUcar, Carthaginian
general, XI. 509; in Spain, xxii. 305.
H.nSE, Karl August, on the life of Jesus,
xiil. 672; his summary of German
rationalism, XX. 291.
Hasebroek, Johannes Pieter, Dutch
writer, xii. 98.
Hasenmatte, mounttdn, Switzerland,
xxii. 250.
H ASH.\SHINS, or Assassrns (}.».), Moham-
medan sect, VII. 113.
Hashimites, Arabian family, xvi. 545.
Hashish, drug, in. 62S; vii. 711; xi.
64S.
Hasht-Bihisht, palace, Ispahan, Persia,
XIIL 394.
Haslar Hospital, Gosport, England,
viL 315.
H.\slingden, town, England, xi. 510.
HasmoN/E.\NS, or Asmoneans, Jewish
famOy, xiii. 121; XV. 131; xvi. 55;
XXIL 812.
H.4SPE, town, Prussia, XI. 510; XXI v.
517-
Hassan, district, India, xi. 510.
— — AND Hussein, heroes of a Moham-
medan passion play, XL 508; Xviii.
66a See Hasan b. Ali.
B. NoMAN, Moslem general, xvi.
572.
B. S.\ebah, founder of the Assas-
sins, II. 723; xvii. 771.
Pash.a, Captivity of Cervantes
■ nder, v. 350.
Hasse, Faustina, Italian singer, XL 510.
, Johann Adolph, musical composer,
XL 510; XVII. 93.
Hasselquist, Fnderick, Swedish natu-
ralist, XL 511.
Hasselt, to-s\-n, Belgium, XL 511.
Hassenpflug, Hans Daniel Ludwig
Friedrich, German politician, XL 511.
Hasseph.^rdi (Maimonides, S-*.),
Jewish writer, XV. 295.
Hasskoi, department, EoumeKa, xxi.
22.
H assler, Ferdinana R , his logarithmic
tables, XXIII. 12.
Hastinapur, town, India, XL 511.
Hastings, town, England, xi. 511;
XXII. 725 ; battle of Senlao HiU, near
(ig66), vni._ 291; XXII. 725; XXIV.
575-
, town, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
309-
, First Marquis of, governor-general
of India, XL 516; xil. 805.
Hastings, C. S., on object-glasses for
telescopes, XXIII. 142.
, David de, competitor for the Scot-
tish crown, XXI. 486.
, Thomas, American hymn-writer,
XII. 596.
, Warren, governor-general of India,
XL 512; XII. 802; Burke's impeach-
ment of, IV. 545; Sheridan's speeches
on the impeachment, IV. 545; xxi.
799-
H.\T, H.\ts, XL 518; straw, xxii. 593-'
Greek, vi. 454.
H.\TCHErTiNE, mineral, xvL 429.
Hatchettoute, mineral, xvi. 428.
H.\TCHMENTS, in heraldry, XL 711.
Hatfield, town, England, xi. 520.
Hat-har, or Hathor, Egyptian divinity,
IIL 13; VII. 717.
H.\thaway, Anne, wife of Shakespeare,
XXI. 754, 766.
Hathor, or Athor, Egyptian divinity,
IIL 13; viL 717.
Hathr.\s, town, India, XL 520.
Hatia, island, India, XV. 830.
Hatifi, Persian writer, xviii. 657, 659.
Hatr,\, or Atrje, to^vn, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 48; XVIIL 605.
H.\tr.\s, or Hathras town, India, xi.
520.
Hats and Caps,. Swedish factiens,
XXII. 751.
Hatshepsu, Queen, Temple of, Egypt,
XVII. 22.
Hattala, Martin," Bohemian philo-
logist, XXII. 153.
Hatteri.\, genus of reptiles, XX. 437,
444. 448. 450-
Hattersley, Robert, liis type-setting
machine, xxiii. 701.
Hatti Hujiaiuji, Turkish firman
(1855), XXIII. 651.
H.\ttingen, town, Prussia, XL 520.
HattO I., archbishop of Mainz, XL 520.
, bishop of Vich, XXII. 74.
Hatv.\n, town, Hungary, xi. 520.
Hatzfeld, town, Hungary, xi. 520.
Hatzfeldt, Countess Sophie, her rela-
tions with LassaUe, XIV. 320.
Hauberk, defensive armour, 11. 556.
Hauch, Johannes Carsten, Danish poet,
XL 521; VIL 92; XVII. 590.
Hauerite, mineral, xvi. 391.^
Hauff, Wilhelm, German novelist, XL
521; X. 543.
Haug, Johann Christoph Friedrichj
German epigrammatist, XL 521.
, Martin, German Orientalist, XL'
521.
Hauge, Hans Nielsen, founder ofja
Norwegian sect, XL 522.
Haughtonite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Haulbowline, dockyard, Ireland, vii.
315, 318.
Haultbois, musical instrument, xvii.
706.
Haunch-Bone, Anutomy of the, i. 828,
XXV. _-;26
202
H A U — H E A
Haunted Houses, ii. 200.
Haupt, Moritz, German philologist, XI.
522.
Hauptmann, Moritz, German musical
composer, xi. 522.
Hauran, district, SjTia, xxil. 82 1; its
architectural monuments, II. 421;
III. 411.
Hauranne, TDuvergier ae, Abbe St
Cyran, Port-Royalist, vil. 567; XIX.
533-
Hausa, or i£aussa, people. Africa, xil.
318; XXII. 248.
Hausen, fish, XXII.. 612.
Hauser, Kaspar, mysterious German
youth, XI. 523.
H ausmannite, or Hausmanite, mineral,
XV. 479; XVI. 3S7.
Haussa, race of people, Sokoto, Africa,
XIL 318; XXII. 248.
Hausschein, Johann (fficolampadius),
German Reformer, XVII. 729.
Haustoria, oi^ans of parasitic fungi,
IX. '828; XVIH. 264.
Hautboy, or Oboe, musical instrument,
XVII. 705.
HAUTE-GARONNe, department, France,
X. 83.
HAUTE-LoiRfi, department, France,
XIV. 807.
Haute-MarnE, department, France,
XV. 561.
Hautes-Alpes, department, France,
I. 599.
Haute-Sa6ne, department, France,
XXI. 301.
Haute-Savoie, department, France,
XXI. 332.
Hautes - Pyr^n^es, department,
France, XX. 127.
Haute-Vienne, department, France,
XXIV. 223.
Hauteville, Norman family, xiii.
471; XXII. 2$.
Haut-Limousin, district, France, xxiv.
223.
Hauy, Reii6 Just, French mineralogist,
XI. 523; on crystals, VI. 673; his
electrical researches, viii. 8.
Hau^'NE, mineral, X. 228; XVI. 412.
Havana, town, Cuba, West Indies, XI.
524; VI. 678.
Cigars, xxiii. 426.
Havannah, or Havana, town, Cuba, XI.
524; VI. 678.
Have, La, river. Nova Scotia, xvii. 601.
HaveLBERG, tovm, Prussia, XI. 525.
Havelock, Sir Henry, British gen-
eral, XI. 525.
Havelok the Dane, romance, viii.
410; XX. 657.
Havercamp, Sigebert, Dutch scholar
and numismatist, xi. 526.
H.averford College, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxiii. 857.
Haverfordwest, town, Wales, xi.
526; xviii. 482.
Haverhill, town, England, xxii. 622.
— , to%vn,. Massachusetts, U.S.A., XI.
526.
Haversian Canals, in bone, i. 854.
Haversines, Tables of, xxiii. 9.
Havre, Le, town, France, xi. 527; XXI.
626.
Hawaiian Islands (Sandwich Islands),
North Pacific, XI. 528, 531; xviii.
127; taboo system in, xxiii. 16.
Hawarden, town, Wales, XI. 532.
Hawes, Stephen, English poet, XI. 533;
VIII. 415.
, William, English musician, xi.
533-
— — Water, lake, England, XXIV. 513.
Hawfinch, bird, xi. 533.
Hawick, to\vn, Scotland, XL 533; XXI.
34-
Hawiya, people. Central Africa, XXII.
256.
Hawk, bird, XL 534.
Hawke, Lord, English admiral, XI.
534-
Hawkesworth, John, English writer,
XL 535.
Hawking, sport, ix. 5.
, clearing the throat, XX. 479.
Hawkins, Sir John (c. 1 532-1595),
English navigator, xj. 535.
, Sir John (1719-1789), English
■(vTiter on music, XL 535.
, John Isaac, pianoforte maker, XIX.
75-
, Sir Richard, English na\-igator, X.
185.
Hawk-Moth, insect, xii. 359.
Hawksbee, Francis, his experiments- in
electricity, VIII. 4; in magnetism,
XV. 236.
Hawksbill Turtle, xxiii. 458, 459.
Hawksmoor, Nicholas, English archi-
tect, II. 444.
Hawkwood, Sir John, English adven-
turer, XL 535.
Hawser, or Hawse, ship's cable, II.'
4; XX. 843; XXI. 597.
Hawthorn, plant, xi. 536
Hawthornden, Midlothian, Scotland,
VII. 658.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. American
writer, XL 536; I. 726.
Haxo, Francois N. BenoJt, Baron, his
s3-sfem of fortification, IX. 463.
Haxthausen, Baron von, German
political writer, XL 538.
Hay, Culture of, i. 378.
, Sir Gilbert, early Scottish writer,
XXI. 541.
Hayasdani, or Armenia, II. 546. .>
Hayden, Mount, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 712.
, Mrs, American spiritualist, XXII.
405.
H.wdenite, mineral, xvi. 421.
Haydn, Johaim, Austrian musician, xi.
541.
Haydn, John Michael, Austrian musical
composer, XL 541.
, Joseph, Austrian musical composer,
XL 538; as symphonist, XVII. 96.
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, Englisk
painter and critic, XI. 541.
Have, La, or The Hague (q.v.), XI. 371. ;
, Louis Marie de la (\''iscount de
Cormeidn), French jurist, VI. 406.
Hayes, Isaac Israel, American .Arctic
explorer, XIX. 322.
, Rutherford B., president of th&
United States, XXIII. 784.
Hay-Fever, disease, XL 542.
Hayley, William, English poet and
critic, XL 542.
Haymaking, l 378; machine for, i.
323-
Haymarket Theatre, London, xiv.
836.
Havnau, town, Prussia, XL 375.
, Jidius Jakob, Austrian general,
XII. 372.
Hayne, Robert Young, American states-
man, XL 543; XXIII. 764.
Hayraddin, or Khair al-Din (Barba-
rossa), Turkish corsair, I. 565; III. 362;;
XXIII. 621, 643.
Hayter, Sir George, English painter,
XL 543.
Hayti, island. West Indies, XL 543; I.-
714; XXIV. 511; Negroes of, xvil..
320; abolition of slavery in, xxii..
140.
Haytian Republic, West Indies, xi.
546.
Hayton, Armenian monk and traveller,
XV. 474.
Haytorite, mineral, XVL 371, 409.
Hayward, Sir John, early English
historian, XL 546.
Hayyad Hahazakah, MaimonidesV
work, XV. 296.
Hazara, district, India, XL 546; XX.
log.
Hazaras, tribe, Afghanistan, i. 235.
Hazard, game played with dice, XI.
547-
Hazarib,\gh, district, India, XL 547^
town, XL 548.
Hazar-Masjid, mountain, Persia, XIV.
66.
Haze, Thoreau's poem, XXIII. 313.
Hazebrouck, town, France, XL 548.
Hazel, tree, xi. 548.
Nut, xvil 664.
Hazel-Nut Oil, xvil 744.
Hazleton, tovm, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,.
XL 549.
Hazlitt, WiUiam, English critic, xi.
549-
Hazovo, race of people, Russia, xxi.
251.
Hazrat Afuk, Shrine of., Kash^r,
xiv. 7.
Head, Anatomy of the, l. 822, 836, 864^
869.
H E A — H E G
203
IHead, Water in the, disease, XII. 431.
, Sir Edmpnd Walker, English art
critic, XI. 551.
, Sir Francis Bond, English traveller
and author, XI. 551.
, Sir George, English writer, XI.
SSI-
Headache, Sick, Hisease, XVII. 364.
Head-Dress, in Middle Ages, VI. 469.
Heading, in tunnelling, xxill. 622.
Healfdene, Danish leader, his con-
quest of Northumbria, XVII. 570.
Healing Springs, spa, Virginia,
U.S.A., XVI. 436.
Health, its preservation, xii. 566; its
restoration, XV. 794; XVIII. 362; effects
of baths on. III. 441; influence of diet
on, VII. 200; influence of weather on,
lU. 55; Plutarch on, XIX. 234.
, Public, its legal aspects, XX. 96.
Heanor, town, England, xvii. 598.
Hearing, Sense of, in man, vii. 591;
nerve of, in man, I. 895; sense of, in
bees. III. 488; organs of, in birds, III.
725; in crustaceans, vi. 638; in fishes,
XII. 652; in mammals, XV. 367; in
reptiles, XX. 461; Weber's law in re-
lation to, XXIV. 471.
Trumpet, xxiii. 594.
Hearn, W. E., his Plutology, xix.
399
Hearne, Samuel, English Arctic ex-
plorer, XI. 551; XIX. 318.
, Thomas, English antiquary, xi.
551-
Heart, Diseases of the, XI. 552; ana-
tomy of, I. 899; XXIV. 98; beating of,
XIX. 29; of birds, III. 726; of mam-
mals, XV. 364; of reptiles, XX. 459.
Heartsease, plant, xxiv. 241.
Heat, xi. 554; theory of action of, xix.
2; of coal- as compared with that of
oil, xvin. 240; conduction of, XX.
212; convection of, XX. 212; in re-
lation to crystals, XVI. 377; develop-
ment of, in blast furnaces, XI 1 1. 293,
311; diffusion of, vii. 217; in electric
circuit, vilL 54; as energy, viil. 207,
208; as the equivalent of force, Mayer
on, XV. 649; latent, law of, viii. 731;
latent. Black's theory of. III. 795 ;
latent, of steam, XXII. 484; its effect on
magnetism, XV. 272; mechanical equi-
valent of, VIII. 209; in fusing metals,
XVI. 66; of oxyhydrogen flame, xviii.
105; power of, in mechanics, xv. 773;
production of, by difl;erent fuels, IX.
807; radiant, Melloni's discoveries in,
XV. 840; radiation of, XX. 212;
maximum resistance to, in living
matter. III. 680, 688; its effect on rocks,
X. 258; specific, of a fluid, XXIII. 286;
its transforjnation into force, XXIII.
283 ; waste, utilization of, in iron
smelting, XIIL 331 ; Siemens's re-
searches in, XXII. 37 ; in Africa, I.
256 ; death from, XV. 781 ; of the
globe, X. 224; of the human body,
XVIII. 393 ; source of plant energy,
XIX. 56.
Heat-Engines, XXII. 473 (index,
5=6).
Heath, plant, xi. 589; xii. 263; in
South Africa, I. 258.
Heathcoat, John, inventor of lace-
making machines, XI. 590; XVII. 600.
Heather, plant, XL $Sg.
Heather-Bleater, bird, xxii. 200.
Heating, Apparatus for, xi. 590; of
hospitals, XII. 305 ; in relation to
ventilation, XXIV. 161.
Heaton's Process, of steel-making,
XIII. 335.
Heatstroke, xxii. 666.
Heautefeuille, Jean, his suggestions
for heat-engine, XXII. 474.
Heauton - Timoroumenos, Terence's
play, XXIII. 187.
Heaven, in eschatology, viii. 537;
XVIII. 236; of Buddhism, IV. 433; of
Zoroastrianism, xxiv. 823.
Heaving to, of a ship, xxi. 601.
Hebbel, Friedrich, German' poet and
dramatist, XI. 593.
Hebdomad, Gnostic ethereal region, lii.
421.
Hebe, of Greek mythology, XI. 593.
Heeer, Reginald, bishop of Calcutta,
XI. 593; hymns by, XII. 595.
Heberden, WUliam, English physician,
XL 594; XV. 815.
Hebert, Jacques Ren^, French Revolu-
tionist, XI. 594.
Hebertists, French Revolutionary
party, IX. 606; XX. 604.
Hebon, in Italian mythology, VII. 249.
Hebrew Ancestry, asserted pf the
Afghans, I. 238.
Hebrew Calendar, iv. 677.
Hebrew Chronology, v. 713.
Hebrew Coins, xvii. 650.
Hebrew Inscriptions, xiii. 117.
Hebrew Language, XI 594; xxi. 645;
dictionaries of, vil. 189.
Hebrew Literature, xi. 597; xiii.
408; theMidrash, XVI. 285; theMish-
nah, XVI. 502; the Talmud, XXIIL
35-
Hebrew MSS., Kennicott's collection
of, xiv._36.
Hebrew People, their history, xiii.
396; history as viewed by the Chroni-
cler, v. 707; religion of, XX. 361.
Hebrew Poetry, ill 638; Lowth's
PrEelectiones on, xv. ^o.
Hebrews, Epistle to the, XI. 602.
, Gospel of the, X. 818.
Hebrides, islands, Scotland, XL 607;
XIV. 492.
, Journey to the, Johnson's work,
XIII. 727.
Hebron, of Scripture, xi. 608.
, Mount, Palestine, xviil. 172.
Hebrus, river, Thrace, XXIII. 318.
HecaT/EUS of Abdera, Greek historian
and philosopher, XI. 608.
of Miletus, Greek geographer, XL
608.
Hecate, Greek goddess, XI. 608; wor'
ship of, XV. 202.
Hecho (Cachao), town, Anam, iv. 624.
Heckling, in flax manufacture, xiv.
664; of rope, XX, 844.
Heckmondwyke, town, England, xi.
609.
Hecla, volcano, Iceland, xii. 617.
HectocotylizedArm, in reproduction
of moUusce, XVL 675.
Hector, Trojan hero, xi. 609.
, Dr, on the climate of New Zea-
lA\d, XVII. 467.
Hecuba, wife of Priam of Troy, XI.
609.
, Euripides's play, VIII. 675.
Hecyra, 'Terence's play, XXIII. 187.
Heda, WUlem Claasz, Putch painter,
XL 610.
Hedas, river, France, XVIII. 414.
Heddle, weaving apparatus, xxiv.
464- ._ .
Hedenstrom, Arctic explorer, XIX.
319-
Hedera, genus of plants; XIII. 526.
Hedgehog, insectivorous mammal, XI.
610; XV. 402; hibernation of, XL 788.
, Sea, fish, X. 685.
Hedges, on farms, I. 31a
Hedge-Sparrow, bird, xsn. 369.
Hedge Trees, Culture of, 11. 319.
Hedging, in betting, in. 619.
Hedjaz, or Hejaz (q.v.), district, Arabia,
IL 236, 253
Hedonism, in ethics, viii. 5S2, 585:
Hl^DONVlLLE, SieUr d' (Denis de Sallo),
French journalist, xviii. 539.
Hedyotis, genus of plants, xv. 177.
Hedysarum Gyrans, plant, its move-
ments, XIX. 61.
Heelu, Jan van, Dutch writer, XII. 90.
Heem, Cornelius, David, and Johannes
Dutch painters, Xi. 611.
Hi^EMSKerk, Johan van, Dutch poet,
XI. 611; XII. 95; XVIIL 347.
, Martin Jacobsz, Dutch painter, XI.
6ii.
Heeren, Arnold Hermann Ludwig,
German historian, XL 612.
Heermann, Johann H., German hynm-
writer, XII. 586.
Hegekopf, mountain. Waldeck, Ger-
many, XXIV. 321.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,
German philosopher, XL 612; on the
beautiful, 1. 218; his ethical system,
VIII. 610; on evolution, viii. 762; on
the fine arts, IX. 212; his testimony to
Jesus Christ, XIIL 669; on Kant's
system of the categories, v. 225; his
logic, XIV. 798; his metaphysics, xvL
86; his ideal optimism, xvni. 6S7; on
philosophy, XVIII. 794; his influence
204
H E G — H E L
on German rationalism, xx. 290; his
relations with Schelling, XXI. 390;
Schopenhauer's opposition to, XXI. 452.
Hegelianism, in philosophy, xi. 618;
Vera's, XXIV. 162.
Hegemann, Captain, German Ai-ctic
explorer, XIX. 323.
Hegesias, Cyrenaic philosopher, viii.
586.
Hegira, or Hijra, Era of the, IV. 679;
V. 717; XVI. 545, 551.
.Heiberg, Johan Liidvig, Danish poet,
XI. 621; VII. 92.
[Heide, town, Prussia, XI. 622.
Heidegger, John Henry, Swiss theo-
logian, XI. 622.
[Heidelberg, to\vn, Germany, xi. 622;
library, XIV. 527, 546; university,
xxui. 840.
Heideloff, Karl Alexander von,
German architect, XI. 62
Heidenhain, Rudolf, on animal mag-
netism, XV. 278
Heil.\nd, or Heliand, old Saxon coem,
XI. 630; X. 522.
Heilbronn, to'\vn, Wiirtemberg, Ger~
many, XI. 624; population, XXI v. 701.
Heiligendlut, town, Tyrol, Organ of
church at, xvii. S36.
Heiligenstadt, town, Prussia, XI. 624.'
Heiligmann, Andreas, German Re-
former, XVIII. 55.
Heilsbbrg, town, Prussia, XI. 624.
Heilsbronn, town, Bavaria, xi. 624.
Heim, Franjois Joseph, French painter,
XI. 624:
'Heimbach, Karl Wilhelm Ernst, his
edition of the Basilica, III. 420.
Heim DAL, Norse deity, i. 211.
Heine, Heinrich, German poet and
journalist, XI. 625; X. 545.
Heineccius, Johann Gottlieb, German
jurist, XI. 62S.
Heinecken, Christian Heinrich, pre-
cocious German child, XI. 628.
Heinhardus (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, VII. 697.
Heinrichshall, Reuss, Germany, its
brine springs, XX. 494.
Heins, Daniel, Dutch scholar, XI. 628.
Heinse, Johann Jacob Wilhelm, Ger-
man romancist, XI. 628.
Heinsius,' Daniel, Dutch scholar, XI.
62S.
, Nikolaes, Dutch scholar, XI. 62S;
XII. 95.
, Nikolaes, Dutch romancist, XI. 629.
Heinzerling, C, his chromo-tanned
leather, XIV. 389.
Heir-at-Law, XIII. 77, 197; in Roman
law, XX. 674, 692, 706, 713.
HEIRlCUS,orEric,scholasticphilosopher,
XXI. 420
Heirloom, xix. 733; law relating to,
xvm. 665.
Heitsi-Eibib, Hottentpt deity, xii. 311;
XVII. 147. ~ '
HEJAZ, district, Arabia, II 236, 253; XV.
669; XXIII. 653; couauest of, by the
Turks, XXIII. 643.
Hekabe, or Hecuba, wife of Priam of
Troy, XI. 609.
Hektograph Method, of writing,
XXIV. 697.
Hektorevic. Peter, Ragusan poet, xxi.
690.
Helags Fjell, mountain, Sweden,
XXII. 736.
Heldenbuch, collection of German
tales, X. 525; XX. 657.
H elder, to-n-nship, Holland, XI. 629.
HeLen, of Greek' legend, XI. 629.
Helena, of Greek legend, XI. 629;
XVIII. 295; Zeuxis's picture of, XXIV."
7S3
, companion of Simon Magus, xxil.
80.
, St, mother of Constantine the
Great, XI. 630; legend of her inven-
tion of the cross, VI. 610
, Euripides's play, viii. 677.
•-, town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi. 774.
, Mount, California, XXIII. 801.
Helensburgh, town, Scotlan<', xi. 630.
Helgoland, or Heligoland, island.
North Sea, XI. 630.
Heli.«a, body of Athenians acting as
jurors, XXII. 254.
Heliand, old Saxon poem, xi. 630; x.
522.
Helianthemum, garden perennial,
XII. 251.
Helianthus, garden perennial, Xll.
251; XXII. 659.
Helichrysum, genus of plants, XII.
716.
Helicoidal Asymmetry, in crystal-
lography, XIX. 313.
Helicon, mountain, Greece, xi. 630;
as seat of the Muses, xvii. 74,
of Cyzicus, on eclipses, II. 747.
Helicoptere, Pcnaud's flying machine,
IX. 321.
Heligoland, island. North Sea, XI.
630.
Heliodilus, genus of owls, xviii. Sg.
Heliodorus, Greek romance-writer,
XI. 632; XX. 635.
, Roman surgeon, XXII. 675.
Heliogabalus, Roman emperor, XI.
632.
Heliography, signalling by mirrors,
XI. 632.
Heliogravure, photographic engrav-
ing, VIII. 440.
Heliometer, astronomical instrument,
XVI. 250, 252; at Oxford, xxiii. 149.
Heliopolis, ancient to^vn, Egypt, vii.
769.
(Baalbec), ancient town, Syria, iii.
176.
Heliorni-s, genua of birds, XX. 223.
Helios, sun-god, tutelary deity jf
Rhodes, XX. 526.
Heliostat, signalling mstrument, x.'
165; XI. 633; improved by Drummond,
VII. 480.
Heliotrope, mineral, xi. 634; xvi.
389-
, plant, XI. 633.
Heliotropion, Syros, cave showing
turning-point of tlie sun, XVIII. 733.
Heliotropism, turning to the light, of
plants, XIX. 58.
Heliotropium, genus of plants, xi.
633; XII. 263.
Heliotype, method of photographic
printing, xviii. 837
Heliozoa, class of Protozoa, XIX. 844.
Helix, genus, of MoUusca, xvi. 66k
XXII. 187
Hell, in eschatology, viii. 536; xiv.
646; of Buddhism, IV. 433; Mandaean, '
XV. 469; Zoroastrian, XXIV. 823.
Hellanicus, Greek logographer and
historian, XL 634.
Hellas, ancient Greece, XI. 80
Hellebore, plant, xi, 635; as garden
perennial, XII. 251.
Hellebrand, or Hildehrand (Pope
Gregory VII.), Xl. 176.
Hellenes, ancient Greeks, XI. 90; 93.
Hellenica, Xenophon's work, xxiv. ■
721.
Hellenicus, Greek chronologist, %. '
710.
Hellenism, its influence at the Chris-
tian era, III. 642 ; in Egypt, Xv.
144; among the Jews, XIII. 421;
XVIII. 760; literature of, XI. 143;
spread of, in Asia, XV. 141; Isocrates
on, XIII. 390.
Hellenists, Gr^ek-speaking people,
XI. 636.
, English school of. III. 580.
Hellespont, strait, Turkey, XI. 636;
III. 797; VI. 823; XV. 820.
Hellevoetsluis, or Helvoetsluys; 1
town, Holland, XI. 643; XXI. 9.
Hellin, town, Spain, XI. 637.
Hellvjlle, town, Madagascar, Jtvil.^
596.'
Helm, or Helmet, headpiece, XI. 637.-
— — , of ships, XXI. 602.
Helm AND, river, Afghanistan and
Persia, I. 229; XXII. 100.
Helmers, Jan Frederik, Dutch poet,
XI. 637; XII. 97.
Helmet, headpiece, XI. 637
, in heraldry, XI. 711.
Beetle, insect, vi. 134.
HeLMHOLTZ, Hermann L. F. von, on
acoustics, I. 118; XXIV. 273, 275; his
theorem of vortex atoms. III. 44; on
resonant mechanism in the ear, VII.
593; XVII. 103; experiments in optics,
XVII. S02 ; on measurement of space,
XV. 664; his double syren, I. 109,
117.
Helminthology, Rise of, as a 5|K;cial
study, xvui. 25S.
H E L — H E N
205
Helmond, town,. HollanS, xi. 637.
Helmont, Jean Baptiste van, mystic
and alchemist, XI. 638; y. 460; XV.
810; his influence j^j physical science,
I. 467.
Helmsdale, towj^ Scotland, xxii.
727.
TlELMSLEY Castle, ' Yorkshire, Eng-
land, XXIV. 749.
Helmstadt, or Helmstedt, town,
Germany, XI. 638 ; imiversity, XXIII.
845, S48.
Heloderma, genus of lizards, xiv.
735; XVI. 218; XX. 451.
Helodromas, genus o£ birds, xxi. 260.
Heloise, Abelard's wife, I. 34.
<- — , La NouveUe, Koussea^i's novel, xxi.
26.
Helots, Spartan bondmen, xi. 638; xv.
96; XXII. 131, 370.
Helps, Sir Arthur, English writer, XI.
638.
Helsingborg, to^vn, Sweden, xi. 640.
Helsingfors, town, Finland, Russia,
XI. 640; library of, xiv. 549; observa-
tory, XVII. 714 ; university, xxill.
852.
Helsingor (Elsinore), town, Denmark,
VIII. 155.
Helst, BartholomcEUs van der, Ciitch
painter, XI. 64*,
Helston, town, England, xi. 641.
HELVELLY^', mountain, England, vi.
697; XXIV. 513.
Helvetic Republic, The, xxii. 793.
Helvetius, Claude Adrien, French
philosopher, XI. 642 ; IX. 670; ethics
of, VIII. 608.
Helvidius Priscus, Roman senator,
XI. 643.
Helvine, mineral, xvi. 411.
Helvoetsluvs, town, Holland, XI. 643.
Helyot, Pierre, French monastic his-
torian, XI. 643.
Hemans, Felicia Dorothea, English
poetess, XI. 643.
Hemel-Hempstead, town, England,
XI. 645.
Hemerobaptists, ancient Jewish sect,
XI. 645.
llEMESA (Hems), ancient town, Syria,
XI. 649.
Hemianopsia, eye disease, xvii. 785.
Hemiaster CaverNOSUS, sea-urchin,
XX. 411.
Hemichord.\,"' branch of Vertebrata,
XXIV. 187.
Hemicrania, disease, xvii. 364.
Hemihedral Crystals, xvi. 354.
Hemuiorphism, in polarity of crystals,
XIX. 312.
Hemimyaria, suborder of Tunicata,
• XXIII. 615.
Hemingford, Walter, English chroni-
cler, XI. 645.
Hemiplegia, disease, xviii. 255.
Hemipode, Andaluciau, bird, xx. 147.
Hemiptera, order of insects, XI. 646;
XIII. 153.
Hemitelia, gentia of tree-ferns, xxiii.
534-
Hemitrope Crystal.% xvi. 364.
Hemiurus, subgenus of marsupial
mammals, XVII. 796.
Hemlock, plant, xi. 646; xvii. 232.
Spruce, tree, 11. 320; ix. 224; in
United States, XXIII. 809; the bark
used for tanning, XIV. 3S2.
Hemmingford, Walter, English chi-oni-
cler, XI. 645.
Hemony, F., Dutch bell-founder, in.
538.
Hemp, xi. 647; drug made from, iii.
627 ; XI. 648 ; factories, in England,
VIII. 233; use of, in rope-making, XX.
843; Indian, xvii. 231.
. , Manila, XV. 488.
Cake, xvil 739.
Hemp-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Hempstead, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., XIV. 866.
Hems, to'wn, Syria, xi. 649.
Hemsterhuis, Francois, Dutch philo-
sopher, XI. 649; on esthetics, I. 221.
, Tiberius, Dutch philologist, XI.
650; his relations with Rnhnken, XXI.
57-
Henan-isho, Syriac writer, XXII. 843.
HenaULT, Charles Jean Fran9ois,
French historian,' XI. 650.
Henbane, plant, xi. 650; xvii. 231.
Henderson, Alexander, Scottish eccle-
siastic, XI. 651; XXL 512.
, Ebeuezer, Scottish missionary and
writer, XI. 652.
, Norman M., his shale retorts,
XVIII. 241.
Hendricks, Thomas A., vice-president
of the United States, XXIII. 789.
Henequen, plant fibre, its production
in Yucatan, xxiv. 75S.
Hengelo, town, Holland, xviii. 78.
Hengest and Horsa, Invasion of
England by, viii. 269.
Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm, Ger-.
man theologian, XL 652.
Hengwrt Collection, Welsh litera-
ture, v. 314^
Hen-Harrier, bird, XI. 491.
Henke, Heinrich Philipp Konrad, Ger-
man theologian, XI. 653; XX. 290.
Henle, .Friedrich G. J., writer on
anatomy, I. 816, 817.
Henley, John (Orator Heniey), English
writer, XL 653.
IN Arden, to^vn, England, XXlv.
379-
Henley-on-Thames, town, England,
XI. 653.
Henley's Electrometer, viii. n8.
Henna, plant, xi. 654.
Henne, J. A., Swiss writer, XXII. 799.
Hennecont, to-«Ti, France, xi. 654;
XVI. 813.
Hennepin, Louis, early explorer of
America, XIV. 318.
Hennequin, Philippe Auguste, French
painter, XI. 654.
Hennersdorf, town, Saxony, XL 655.
Henotheism, form of religion, xx. 367;
xxiiL 235.
Henoticon, of Eastern Church, instru-
ment of union, IX. 66; xxiv. 778.
Henriade, Voltaire's poem, xxiv. 292
Henricians, religious sect of France,
XI. 674; XXIV. 323.
Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles
I. of England, XL 655.
Henry I., German king, XI. 666; x.
4S2; XXI. 352.
II., emperor, XL 666; X. 486; his
influence in Rome, xx. 790.
III., emperor, XI. 667; X. 4S7; his
influence in Rome, XX. 79
IV., emperor, XL 667; x. 487; his
contest with the papacy, XIII. 471;
XX. 791 ; his submission to Pope
Gregory VII., XI. 177.
v., emperor, xi. 668; x. 489; his
investiture dispute with the pope,
XVIII. 339; XX. 792.
VI., emperor, XL 669; X. 490; XX.
794-
VII., emppror, XL 669; X. 493; XX.
798; in Italy, XIII. 477.
I., emperor of the East, VI. 630.
r., king of Castile, XI. 671.
II., of Castile, XL 671; XXII. 320^
III.-IV., of Castile, xi. 672; XXII.
321.
I., king of England, XL 655; vill.
3° I, 303-
II., of England, xi. 657; vi:i. 302^
307; IX. 540; XIX. 175; his struggle
with Becket, 1. 32 ; his invasion- of
Ireland, XIII. 259; his submission to
Pope Alexander III., I. 487 ; his rela-
tions with Fair Rosamond, XX. 848.
III., of England, XL 658; VIIK
306, 310; his rule in Ireland, XIII.
259; his relations with Simon de
Montfort, XVI. 7S7.
IV., of England, XL 659; VIIL 320;
his claim to the throne, XIV. 256; his
coronation, vi. 429.
v., (5f England, XI. 660; VIII. 320;
in France, ix. 549.
VI., of England, XL 660; VII. 684;
VIII. 320; XV. 536; XXIV. 381.
VII., of England, XL 662; viii.-
328.
VIII., of England, xi. 662; viii7
331; XV. 593; his Six Articles, II. 654;'
his pillage of Becket's shrine, I. 32;
Ireland in time of, XIII. 262; his
treatment of Thomas More, xvi. 817;
his attitude towards the Retormation,'
XX. 328; his relations with Cranmer,"
VI. 548; with Thomas Cromwell, Vi;
606; with Cardinal Pole, XIX. 331 J
with Wolsey, xxiv. 635.
206
H E N — H E R
Henry I., king of France, xi. 669 ; ix.
537; his wars with William of Nor-
mandy, XXIV. 575.
II., of France, XI. 670; IX. 558.
III., of France, XI. 670; IX. 561,
562; his flight from Poland, Xix.
292.
IV., of France (III. of Navarre),
XI. 671; IX. 562; his relation to the
popedom, XIX. 505; toleration of the
Huguenots by, XII. 338.
I.-II., kings of Navarre, XI. 672.
III., of Navarre (Henry IV. of
France, q.v.), XI. 671.
(of Bm-gundy), count of Portugal,
XIX. 539.
I., king of Portugal, XI. 071; XIX.
546.
, Prince, the Navigator, of Portugal,
XI. C72; XIII. 714; XIX. 544; his dis-
coveries, X. 179.
, the Lion, duke of Saxony and
Bavaria, XI. 673; x. 490; xxi. 352.
, duke of Guise (d. 1 588), XI. 267;
IX. 562.
, duke of Guise (d. 1664), XI. 267.
, Wryneck, duke of Lancaster, Xiv.
255.
of Castile, senator of Eome, xx.
797-
, the Deacon, monk of Cluny, XI.
674; XIV. 288.
of Ghent, scholastic writer, XI.
674.
of Huntingdon, English chronicler,
XI. 674.
. , Fort, United States, taking of
(1862), XXIII. 776.
, Joseph, American physicist, XI.
675.
.. , Matthew, English Biblical com-
mentator, XI. 676.
, Patrick, American statesman, XI.
676; I. 721.
' , Paul and Prosper, their telescope
at Paris, xxiii. 148, 153.
—. — , Robert, Scottish historian, XI. 677.
, William, English chemist, xi.
677.
IV., V. and VI., Shakespeares
piaw, XXI. 761, 763, 764.
Grace de Dieu, warship, xvii.
281.
Gun Barrel, xi. 283.
Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia,
X. 491.
Henrvson, Robert, early Scottish poet,
XI. 677.
Henslow, Prof., on fossil animal re-
mains as manure, I. 348; VI. 353.
Henslowe, PhOip, English dramatist,
XI. 678.
Henson Pavement, xx. 586.
Henson's Flying Machine, i. 202;
IX. 322.
Henzada, district, British Burnmh, XI.
678; XXIII. 330.
Hepatica, garden perennial, xii. 249.
Hepatic.e, group of plants, xiv. 718;
XVII. 66.
Hepatic Colic, passmg of gall-stone,
VI. 140.
Hepatic Vein, xxiv. 108.
Hepatite, mineral, xvi. 400.
Hepatization, Red and grey, diseases,
XIX. 249, 250.
Hepburn, James, earl of Bothwell, IV.
164; XV. 595; XXI. 504.
Heph/ESTIA, town, Lemuos, xiv. 437.
Heph.«STIADES (Lipari Islands), Medi-
terranean Sea, XIV. 682.
HEPH.ESTION, friend of Alexanaer the
Great, xi. 67S; I. 484; xviii. 5S5.
, grammarian of Alexandria, XI.
678.
HEPH.ESTUS, Greek god (the Latin
Vulcan), XI. 679; XXIV. 301.
(Ptah), Egyptian divinity, Vll.
717.
Hephthalites, or White Huns, xiv.
59; xviii. 610,613; xxin. 639.
Heppingen, spa, Prussia, XVI. 436.
Heptaglott Lexicon, xix. 417.
Heptameron, tales by Queen Margaret
of Navarre, IX. 653; XV. 539.
Heptanesian Islands, Greece; Xin.
Zps.
Heptaplus, Pico's work, xix. 81.
Heptarchy, in England, viii. 269.
Heptateuch, ^Ifric's, vjii. 382.
Hera, Greek goddess (the Latin Juno),
XI. 679; xiil. 778; xvili. 295; temple
of, at Olympia, II. 347; XVll. 766, 769;
temple of, at Samos, XXI. 250. ~~
Heraclas, bishop of Alexandria, his
relations with Origen, xvil. 840.
Heraclea, town, Caria, Asia Minor, XI.
68 1.
(Trachis), ancient town, Greece,
XXIII. 494.
(Policoro), ancient town. South
Italy, XL 68 1 ; xv. 37.
(Platani), ancient to^ii, Sicily, XI.
681.
Perinthus, to\ra, Thrace, xviii.
535-
Pontica (Bender Eregli), ancient
to«-n, plirygia, Aiia Minor, XL
681.
SlNTlc.\ (Zervokhori), ancient
town, Macedonia, XI. 68 1.
Heraclean Stone, magnetic iron ore,
XV. 219.
Heracleia, or Heraclea (q.v.), ancient
towns of Greece, Italy, and Sicily, XI.
6S1.
Heracleid^, Euripides's play, VIIL
676.
Heracleion (Candia), ancient to^vn,
Crete, IV. S02.
Heracleon, Italian Gnostic, XI. 6S1;
XXIV. 38.
Heracleotic Chersonese, Crimea,
XXI. 616.
Heracles, or Hercules, of Greek legend,
XI. 725; XVII. 346; XX. 639.
Mainomenos, Euripides's play,
VIII. 676.
Heraclid.«, Dorian race, Greece, viit
477; XI. 92.
Heraclides Ponticus, Greek miscel-
laneous writer, XI. 681.
Heraclids, in the Pelopoimesus, VIIL
477; XL 92.
Heraclitus of Ephesus, Greek meta-
physician, XI. 681; on evolution, VIII.
755; his logic, XIV. 784; on scepticism,
XXI. 379; his influence on Stoicism,
XXII. 564.
Heraclius, emperor of the East, XI.
6S2; originator of monothelite con-
troversy, XVI. 758; his expedition intft
Persia, XVIII. 614.
, czar of Georgia, XVIII. 646.
Herad, Norwegian land division, XVII.
584.
Heraeus o£ Hanau, his platinum pro-
cess, XIX. 190.
Heraion, temple of Hera, at Olympia,
Greece, XVII. 769.
Herald, messenger between sovereigns
or armies, XI. 687; in feudal times,
XIV. 117.
Heraldry, xi. 683 ; its value in
archaeology, II. 343; crosses in, VI. 613;
connexion of flags mth, IX. 278; its
influence on mediaeval dress, XI. 464.
Herap.athite, quinine compoimd, XX'.
185.
Herat, town, Afghanistan, xi. 713; its
relations with Persia, xviii. 649," 650.
HeraULT, department, France, XL 715.
Herbaceous Plants, iv. 95.
Herbage Crops, CuKuie of, i. 370.
Herball, Gerai-d's work, X. 441.
Herbals, Early, xv. S05.
Herbarium, ■ XL 715; Hooker's, XII.
152.
Herbart, Johann Friedrich, .German
philosopher, XI. 718; his logic, XIV.
794-
Hebbelot, Barthelemy d', French
Orientalist, XI. 720.
Herberay, Nicolas de, French trans-
lator of Amadis, XX. 654.
Herbert, bishop of Glasgow, xiv. 41.
, Lord, of Cherbmy, English philo-
sopher, XI. 722; on deism, VII. 34.
, George, English religious poet, XI.
721.
, Henry William, English novelist
and writer on sports, XL 721.
, Sir Thomas, English tra^'eller and
writer, XI. 721.
Herbs, Kitchen, xil. 2S9.
Herculaneum, ancient to\\-n, Italy, ^
XL 723; XIX. 444; XXIV. 196; street
architecture of, II. 421; ancient MSS.
found ill, XVIII. 145.
Herculano, ■ Alexandre, Portuguese
novelist, XIX. 557.
H E E — H E R
20]
Hercules, of Greek mythology, xi.
725; xvil, 346; romances relating to,
XX. 639.
I.-II., princes of Este, VIII. 559.
Baths, Banat, Hungary, XV. 830;
XVI. 435.
Herculius, surname of Maximianus,
Eoraan emperor, XV. 644.
Hercynian Mountains, Austria, lii.
116.
Hercynite, mineral, XVI. 386.
Herder, Johann Gottfried von, Ger-
man writer, XI. 727; X. 537; his
estimate of Kant, XIII. 846; on the
Song of Solomon, V. 33.
Herderite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Hereditaments, Corporeal and in-
corporeal, XX. 306.
Heredity, in biology, I. 87; in. 687;
IV. 245 ; XX. 421 ; XXIV. 81S ; deaf-
muteism arising from, VII. 5; its bear-
ing upon ethics, vill. 608; its ethno-
logical aspects, VIII. 615; of instinct,
XIII. 159; of mental diseases, XIII. 96;
in plants, I. 87; IV. 245.
Hereford, county, England, xi. 729;
population and representation, xxill.
727.
, town, England, XI. 730 ; news-
papers of, XVII. 421.
, Henry, Duke of, xiv. 256.
, Nicolas, English Lollard, XIV. 811;
his translation of the Bible, VIII. 383;
XXIV. 710.
HerefordS, breed of cattle, I. 388.
Herencia, town, Spain, XI. 731.
Hereny, Himgary, Observatory at,
XVII. 713.
Herer, or Harar, town, North-East
Africa, XI. 454.
Herero, African race, XI. 732.
Hereroland, district, South - West
Africa, xi. 731.
Heresies, Hippolytus's refutation of,
XI. 854; Irenteus's treatise on, XIII.
273-
Heresy, xi. 732; first English statute
against, VIII. 325 ; treatment of, by
the Eoman Church, Xlll. 91; applica-
tion of torture in trials for, XXIII.
463; mtchcraft as, XXIV. 620.
Hereward, English chief, viii. 292.
Herford, to-\\-n, Prussia, XI. 738.
Heribert, archbishop of Milan, xill.
470.
HiRlCART, Marie, Vfiie of La Fontaine,
XIV. 204.
Hering, Ewald, his speculations in
physiology, XIX. 22.
Heriot, obligation attaching to copy-
hold tenure, vi. 356.
, George, founder of Heriofe Hospital,
Edinburgh, XI. 73S.
HERiors Hospital, Edinburgh, vii.
666.
Heri-rud, river, Transcaspian region,
Russia, XVI. 41; xxiii. 512.
Herisau, tovra, Switzerland, xi. 739;
XXII. 778.
Heritable Jurisdictions, in Scots
law, XI. 739.
Heritable Property, in Scots law,
XVIII. 665.
Heritage, in Scots law, xill. 77.
Herlen, Fritz, German painter, XI.
739-
Herleva, mother ot William the Con-
queror, XVII. 542.
Hermagoras, of Temnos, rhetorician,
XX. 514.
Hermandad, Santa, Spamsn confedera-
tion, XXII. 326.
Hermanfried, Prankish king, x. 476.
Hermann, German chronicler, XI. 739.
, Friedrich Benedict Wilhelm von,
German political economist, XI. 739;
XIX. 38S.
, Johann Gottfried Jakob, German
philologist, XI. 741; on the Homeric
poems, XII. 117.
, Karl Friedrich, German scholar,
XL 741.
Joseph, his contributions to the
Ursula legend, XXI V. 13.
Hermannite, mineral, XVL 418.
Hermanns, James (Arminius), Dutch
theologian, II. 551; XII. 78.
Hermannstadt, to^vn, Hungary, XI.
741.
Hermann und Dorothea, Goethe's
idyl, X. 732.
Hermannus Contractus, German
chronicler, Xi. 739.
Hermanric, Gothic king, x. S48.
Hermansen, James (Arminius), Dutch
theologian, II. 551; XII. 78.
Hermanubis, Eoman diety, n. 146.
Hermaphroditism, xv. 779; xvi. 764;
XXI. 720.
Hermas, Pastor or Shepherd of, early
Christian work, II. 180, 197; the
Gospels not quoted in, X. 815.
Hermeneutics, Biblical, XL 741;
Ernesti's works on, VIII. 527.
Hermes, Greek god (the Eoman Mer-
cury), XI, 749; XVI. 31; statue of, at
Pharie, xiv. 248; statuette group in-
cluding, XXIII. 192.
, Harri.'.'s work on grammar, XI. 493.
, Georg, German Catholic theologian,
XI. 750.
Hermesianax, Greek poet, XI. 751.
Hermes Trismegistus, of Eg)'ptian
mythology, XL 750; I. 462.
Hermetics, or Alchemy, i. 459.
Hermias, Tomb of, at Cj-prus, x. 648.
Herminones, ancient Germans, x. 473.
Hermit, The, poem by Thomas Parnell,
xviii. 318.
Hermitage Castle, Roxburgh, Scot-
land, xxi. 34.
Hermit.\ge Wine, xxiv. 606.
Hermit Crab, vi. 642, 656; parasite
of, xviii. 260, 261.
Hermite, C!harles, on squaring the
circle, xxil. 436.
Hermits, Monastic, xvi. 698.
Hermocrates, of Plato, xix. 209.
, Syracusan ruler, xxii. 814.
Hermogenes, of Tarsus, Greek
rhetorician, XL 751; his rhetoric, xx.
514.
Hermogenian Code, in Eoman law,
XX. 711.
Hermon, mountain, Syria, XL 751.
Hermonthis (Armcnt), ancient town,
Egypt, VII. 782.
Hermopolis, toivn, Syra, Greece, xxil.
813.
Magna (El-Ashmooneyn), ancient
town, Egypt, vii. 775.
Hermosillo, town, Mexico, XL 752.
Hermotimus, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
45-
Hermsdorf, town, Prussia, XI. 752.
Hermunduri, ancient Germanic tribe,
xxiiL 331.
Hermus (Gedisz Tchai), river, Asia
Minor, II. 708.
Hernia, disease, XL 752.
Hernicans, or Hemici, ancient Italian
race, XIII. 445; xiv. 344; XX. 739.
Hernosand, town, Sweden, XL 754.
Hernser, bird, XL 760.
Hero, or Heron, mathematician of
Alexandria, XI. 760; inventor of heat-
engine, xxil. 473.
AND Leander, of Greek legend,
XL 754.
and Leande'A, Marlowe's lyric,
XV. 558.
Herod, the Great, king of the Jews, XL
754; XIIL 425; J".rusalem in time of,
XIII. 641; temple of, at Jerusalem, II.
393; XXIII. 168.
Agrippa, tetnjch, XIIL 426.
Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, xi.
755; XIIL 426.
Philip, tetrarch of Itursa, xi.
755-
Herodes Atticus, benefactor of
Athens, III. 9, 61 ; esedra of, at
Olympia, XVII. 769.
Herodian Numerals, xvil 625.
Herodians, Jewish sect, xi. 755.
Herodianus, Greek historian, XL 756.
, .(Elius, Eoman grammarian, XL
756 ; Greek notation of numerals
named after him, XVII. 625.
Herodias, vdie of Herod Antipas, xi.
755-
Herodiones, group of birds, XVIU. 47.
Herodotus, Greek historian, XL 756,
141 ; on the Medo- Persian empiie,
XVIII. 561, • on the topography of
Babylon, lit 182.
, EenneU's Geographical System of,
XX. 400.
Heroes, Mythical, xvil. 158.
Heroicon, Philostratus'a work. XVIU-
797-
208
H E R — H E W
HAROLD, Louis Joseph Ferdinand,
French musician, XI. 759.
Heron, bird, XI. 760; xviii. Sii; hawk-
ing of, IX. 9.
, mathematician of Alexandria, Xi.
760.
, the Younger, Byzantine scientist,
XI. 760.
Heroon, ruined. structure at Olympia,
Greece, xvii. 767.
Heroopolis, ancient town, Egypt, XX.
265.
Herophilus, Alexandrian physician,
XV. Soi; on anatomy, I. 802; on the
brain, XVIII. 842; a3 surgeon, XXII.
674.
Herostratus, incendiary of temple of
Ai'temis at Ephesus, viii. 466.
Herpes, disease, xviii. 398; xxil. 123.
Herpestes, genus of carnivorous
mammals, XII. 629; xv. 436.
HERfETOLOGY, science dealing with
reptiles, XX. 432, 433.
Herpeton Tentaculatus, species of
snakes, XXII. 194.
HerrenGrundite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Herrenhaxjs, Prussian legislative
chamber, XX. 18.
Herrera, Fernando de, Spanish poet,
XI. 762; XXII. 357
, Francisco, the Elder, Spanish
painter, XI. 763 ; his relations with
Velazquez, XXIV. 132.
; , Francisco, the Younger, Spanish
painter, XL 763.
, Juan, Spanish architect, II. 442;
VIII. 540.
y TORDESILLAS, Antonio de,
Sjianish historian, XI. 763.
Herreros, Breton de los, Spanish
dramatist, XXII. 361.
Herrick, Eobert, English poet, XI.
763; XVIII. 347.
Herring, fish, xi. 764; xii. 694; fry
of (whitebait), XXIV. 550; fisheries,
IX. 251, 257.
Herrnhut, town, Saxony, seat of the
Moravian Brethren, XI. 765; xvi. S12;
XXIV. 789.
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, astro-
nomer, XI. 765.
, Sir Frederick William, astronomer,
XI. 765; his discoveries, II. 75S; his
improvements of the micrometer, xvi.
243; on the nebular theory, xvi I. 311;
on radiation of heat, XX. 213; on the
magnitude of stars, xviii. 840; on
sun-spots, II. 786; his improvements
of the telescope, XXIII. 13S, 145; his
discovery of Uranus, II. 812; his ob-
servatory at Slough, England, XVII.
711.
, Sir John F. W., English astro-
nomer, XI. 768; on the Orion nebulce,
II. 820; on stellar photometry, XVJII.
840; on sun-spots, 11. 7S6.
Herschelite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Hersent, Louis, French painter, XI.
770.
Hersfeld, ^own, Prussia, XI. 770.
Hersleb, Peder, Norwegian theological
writer, XVII. 590.
Herstal, town, Belgium, XI. 770.
Hertford, county, England, xi. 771;
population and representation, xxill.
727; to^vn, XI. 772.
College, Oxford, xviii. 96.
Hertogenbosch,'s (Bois-le-Duc), town,
Holland, III. 864.
Herts, or Hertford, county, England,
XI. 771; XXIII. 727.
Hertz, Henrik, Danish poet, xi. 773;
VII. 93.
Hertzen, Alexander, Russian ^Titer,
XI. 773; XXI. 108.
Heruli, or Herulians, ancient Germanic
tribe, XI. 774; XIV. 813; xvii. 726;
invasion of Italy by, XIII. 467.
Hervey, Lord, English politician and
writer, XL 774.
, James, English ' religious writer,
XL 774
Archipelago, South Pacific, vi.
331; Williams's mission to, XXIV. 5S6.
Herwart ah Hohenburg, German
mathematician, XVII. 183.
Herwegh, Georg, German poet, x. 546.
Herzegovina, province, Austria-Hun-
gary, XL 775; acquired by Austria
(1S78), XXIII. 652.
Herzen, or Hertzen, Alexander, Russian
■ivriter, XL 773; XXI. 108.
Herzog, German title, XIX. 739.
Hes, Egyptian divinity, VII. 717.
Hesargrad (Easgrad), town, Bulgaria,
XX. 283.
Hesekiel, _ George Louis, German
author, XL 777.
Hesiod, Greek poet, XI. 777, 138; his
Five Ages, I. 27S.
Hesione Splendida, species of Anne-
lida, 11. 68.
Hesiri (Osiris), Egyptian deity, vii.
716.
Hesperides, of Greek legend, XL 778.
Hesperidine, hitter principle in lemon-
peel, XIV. 438.
Hesperomvs, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII. 6.
Hess, Heinrich Maria von, German
painter, XL 778.
, Karl, German painter, XL 779.
, Peter von, German painter, XL
779
Hesse, old country of Germany, xi. 779.
, La, mineral spring, France, XVIII.
I.
Hesse-Cassel, state, Germany, XI. 779.
Hesse-Darmstadt, grand-duchy, Ger-
many, XL 7S0.
Hesse-Homburg, province, Germany,
XL 7S1.
Hesse-Nassaxj, prcince, Prussia, XL
779; XX. 14, 16.
Hessia, old country of Gej'many, XI.
779-
Hessl\n Fly, insect, XL 781; vii. 256;
as wheat pest, XXIV. 535.
Hessite, mineral, XVI. 392.
Hessus, HeUus Eohanus, German
Humanist, XI. 781.
Hestia, Greek goddess (the Roman
Vesta), XL 782; XXIV. 193.
Hesti/EOTIs, district, Thessaly, XXIII.
299.
Hesus, Druidic god, vil. 478.
Hesvchasts, sect, Greek Church, XI.
782.
Hesychius, Alexandrian grammarian,
XL 782.
, Byzantine church historian, xxil.
238.
, reviser of the Septuagint, xxi.
669.
Het^rists, in Moldavia (1821), xxi.
20.
Heterauxesis, unequal growth m
plants, XIX. 58, 63.
Heterobranchus, genus of fishes,
XXIL 67.
Heterocera, group of insects, xill.
151.
Heteroccela, order of sponges, xxil.
422.
Heteromastigoda, order of Protozoa,
XIX. 857.
Heteromera, group of insects, vi.
133; xiii. 149.
Heteromya, order of Mollusca, xvi.
6S5.
Heteropegma Nodus - Gordii,
sponge, XXIL"4i3.
Heterophas;a, medical term, 11.
171.
Heteroptera, group of insects, XI.
646; XIII. 153.
Heterotricha, order of Protozop.,
XIX. S63.
Heterozite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Hettstadt, town, Prussia, XL 783.
Heuen-Chow, town, China, XXUI.
607.
Heuglin, Theodor von, German
traveller, XI. 783.'
Heulandite, mineral, XVL 422.
HEUNG-NOO,or Hiong-nu (q-v.), Turkish
people, V. 644.
Heusch,' Jacob de, Dutch painter, XI.
783.
, Willem, Dutch painter, XL 783.
Hevea, india-rubber plant, XII. 836.
Heveene, hydrocarbon oil, XII. 840.
Hevelius, Johann, German astronomer,
XL 784; 11. 754; on sun-spots, II.
785; his controversv with Hooke, XII.
149; his observatory at Dantzic, XVll.
709.
Hever Castle, Kent, England, xiv.
40.
Hewson, William, his anatomical dis-
cnveries, I. 815.
Hexacoralla, group of Actinozoa, i.
130.
Hexactinellida, subclass of sponges,
XXII. 421.
Hexaemeron, The, Basil's work, Xix.
7-
Hexagonal System, of crystals, xvi.
358.
Hexagram, Mvstic, Pascal's, xviii.
33S.
Hexapla, Origea's worK, III. 646;
XVII. S40; XIX. 417.
Hex.\polis, Doric league, XX. 526.
Hexaprotodon, fossil ungulate
mammal, XXII. 772
Hexateuch, Pentateuch and Joshua,
XVIII. 505.
Hexham, lon-n, England, XI. 784; xvil.
567, 568.
Heyden, Jan van der, Dutch painter,
XI. 784.
Hevduk, Adolf, Bohemian poet, XXII.
152.
Heyduke, or Hajduk, district, Hungary,
XI. 377- •
Heylin, Peter, English Trriter, XI. 784;
XVIII.. 205.
Heyne, Christian Gottlob, German
critic and archaeologist, XI. 785.
Hevse, Paid, German tale-writer, X.
543-'
He\-\vood, town, England, XI. 786.
, Jasper, English dramatist, vjj.
428.
■ , John, English epigrammatist, xi,
786; IX. 366; his interludes, vil.
415.
, Thomas,. English dramatist, XI.
7S6; VII. 432.
Hez.ar Afsane. Persian tales, XXJll.
317-'
Hezekiah, king of Judah, xi. 787;
XIII. 413.
Hiakuninshiu, Japanese poems, xill.
587.
Hiang-Kiang (Hong-Kong), island and
town, China, xii. 141; xvii. 716.
Hiaou, island, Marquesas, Pacific, xv.
564.
Hiawatha, Longfellow's poem, i. 731;
XIV. 861.
Hibernation, of animals, xi. 787; of
fishes, XII. 665; of plants, XL 789.
Hibiscus, genus of plants, xi. 276.
Hiccough, abnormal respiration, xx.
4S0.
Hicetas, Carthaginian general, xxin.
397-
KiCKESj George, English non-juring
dirine, XI. 789.
Hickory, tree, xi. 790; in United
States, xxiii. 808.
■ Nut, XVII. 664.
Hicks, Elias, founder of a Quaker sect,
XI. 791; XX. 149.
Hidalgo, state, Me.\ico, xvi. 214.
, Miguel. Mexican leader, xvi. 219.
25—10
H E X — H I L
Hiddekel, river of Scripture, XXIII.
386.
Hide of Land, in early England, viii.
272
Hides, for tanning, xiv. 380, 384.
HiDEYOSHi, Japanese dj-nasty, XIII.
583.
HiEMPSAL, Numidian prince, xiii. 766.
HiERA, island, Mediterranean, XIV. 682.
Hieracas, or Hierax, Greek ascetic,
XI. 792.
Hieracites, ascetic sect, XI. 792.
Hierapolis, ancient town, Phrygia,
Asia Minor, xi. 791.
, ancient town, Syria, XI. 791;
viii. 669; xxii. 822.
Hierarchy, xl 792.
Hieratic Numerals, xvii. 625.
Hieratic Writing, Egj'ptian, xi. 794.
Hierax, Greek ascetic, xi. 792.
Hiero I., tyrant of SjTacuse, XL 793;
xxil. 16, 814; coins of, XVII. 638.
II., of Syracuse, XI. 793; XXIL 21,
816; opposes Rome, XX. 747; ship of,
n. 367.
Hierocles, Roman proconsul, xi. 793.
, Xeoplatonic wTifer, XI. 793.
Hieroglyphics, xi. 794; origin of
alphabets in, I. 601; XI. S07; of nu-
merical sj-mbols in, xvil. 625.
Hieroglyphic Writing, Egyptian, xl
794; Mexican, L 695; XVI. 212; Tib-
etan, xxiii. 348.
Hieromnemones, officials of Greek
amphictyony, I. 772.
Hieron, or Hiero ('{.v.), I., tyrant of
Syracuse, xi. 793; xxil. 16.
II., of Syracuse, XL 793; XXII. 21.
HiERONYMiTES, order of monks, XL
809; XVI. 711.
HiERONVMUS (St Jerome, g.v.), xill. 630.
, archbishop of Salzburg, his treat-
ment of Mozart, xvii. 9.
of Syracuse, xxil. 817.
, Girolamo Aleandro, cardinal, I.
476.
HiEROTHEUS, Book of, Syriac work,
XXIL 832.
HiERRO (Ferro, j.u.), island. Canaries,
IV. 800.
HiGDON, or Higden, Eanulf, English
chronicler, XI. 809.
Hicham-Ferrers, town, England,
XVIL 556.
High Court of Justice, England, 11.
209; XIII. 788.
High Court of Justiciary, Scotland,
XIIL 790.
Highg.ate, suburb of London, XL 809.
Resin, mineral, xvi. 42S.
High-Holder, or Highhole, bird,.
XXIV. 651.
Highland and Agricultural
Society, Scotland, i. 305.
Highland Cattle, i. 3S9.
Highland Costume, vi. 478; clan
tartans, XXIII. 68.
209
Highlaijds, of Scotland, xxi. 522.
Highness, title, xxiii. 418.
High Places, of Scripture, xi. 810; of
Judah, XIIL 413 ; worship on. III.
635.
High Priest, Jewish, xviil 510; xxii.
812; breastplate of, x. 13S.
Highs, or Hayes, his claim to Ark-
wright's inventions, II. 542.
High Steward, of England, xxu.
458.
High Street, mountain. England,
XXIV. 513.
High Treason, Law of, xxiu. 527.
High W.\ter, tide, xxiii. 369.
Highway Parish, in England, xvill.
296.
Highways, Law of, xi. Sii; toll on,
XXIIL 436.
High Wycombe, to^vn, England, xxiv.
712.
Hijaz, ox Hejaz (g.i-.), district, Arabia,
XV. 669.
HijR.\, Hejira, or Hegira, Moslem era,
IV. 6-9; V. 717; XVL 545, 551.
HiKAYAT, in Malay literature, xv. 326.
HiKENA, mountain, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
HiLARlON, St, Palestinian ascetic. XL
812; XVI. 700; XXIL 291.
HiLARius, or Hilary, St, bishop of
Arle?, XL 812; XIX. 492.
, St, bishop of Poitiers, XI. 812; as
hymn--writer, xil. 581.
, or Hilarus, bishop of Rome, XI.
812.
Hilary. See Hilarius.
Hilda, St, abbess of Hartlepool and
Whitby, England, XL 813; iv. 630.
Hildburghausen, toAvn, Germany, XL
814; XXI. 348.
Hildebert, bishop of Tours, XL S14.
Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII., q.i:),
X. 488; XL 176; XIIL 470; XIX. 498,
499; XX. 791.
, Brimo, German economist, xix.
391-
Hildebrandism, vl 241.
Hildebrandslied, old German poem,
XL 814; X. 522.
Hildebrandt, Edward, German.
painter, XL 814.
, Theodor, German painter, XL 815.
H ! ldeg ARD, German abbess and mystic,
XL 815; XVIL 132.
HiLDEN, town, Prussia, XL 816.
, Fabriz von, German surgeon, XXIL
676.
HiLDERic, Vandal king, xxiv. 59.
HiLDESHElM, town, Hanover, Prussia,
XL 816; baptismal font at, ix. 36:;
ancient plate found at, XL 816; xix.
181.
HiLDRETH, Richard, American writer,
XL 817; I. 723.
Hill, Viscount, English general, xl.
819.
.\XV. - 27
210
H I L — H I S
Hill, Aaron, English poet and dramatist,
XI. S17.
, Abigai], lady-in-Tvaiting to Queen
Anne, XV. 553, 555; XVIIL 100.
, John, English postal reformer, XIX.
564.
, Joshua, Piteairn Islander, XIX. 132.
, Matthew Davenport, English
criminal law reformer, XI. 817.
, Rowland, English preacher, XI.
817.
, Sir Rowland, originator of penny
postal system, XJ. 818; XIX. 567.
, Thomas, WTiter on physiognomy,
XIX. 5.
HiLLAH, town, Asiatic Turkey, XI. 819;
III. 182.
HiLLARD, George Stillman, American
writer, XI. 819; I. 724.
HiLLEL, Jewish rabbi, XI. 819.
HiLLER, Johann Adam, German musical
composer, XI. 820; as hymn-writer,
XII. 587.
Hill Fever, of India, xv. 319.
HiLLiARD, Nicholas, English painter,
XXI. 441, 444.
Hill Tipperah, state, India, xi. 820.
Hilt, of sword, xxii. 803.
Hilton, Walter, English devotional
writer, XIV. 32.
, William, English painter, XI. 820.
HiLVERSUM, to-rni, Holland, XI. S21.
HlMAL.WA, mountains, India, XI. 821;
II. 684; XIL 732, 735; XVII. 340;
XXIII. 339; birds of, III. 761; explora-
tions of, X. 193.
HiMANTOPUS, genua of birds, xxil. 551.
HiMATlON, Greek article of dress, vi.
453-
HiMERA, town, SicOy, XL 836; XXII.
18; coins of, XVII. 639.
HiMMEL, Frederick Henry, German
musical composer, XI. 836.
HiMS, district of Syria, XXII. 823.
HiMYARiTic Language, xxi. 653.
Hinckley, toiv-n, England, xi. 836.
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims,
theologian, XI. 836 ; IX. 534 ; XIX.
496; his contest with Pope Nicholas
I., XVII. 483; his notices of Remigius,
XX. 378.
Hind and Panther, Dryden's poem,
VII. 492.
HiNDHEAD Hill, Sureey, England,
XXII. 693.
Hindi Language, xi. 840; dictionaries
of, VII. 191.
HiNDKis, people, Afghanistan, I. 235.
Hindley, town, England, xi. 837.
HiNDO, island, Norway, xiv. 769; xvii.
577-
HiNDOL, state, India, XI. S37.
Hindu Algebra, i. 517.
Hindu Chronology, ii. 698; v. 718.
Hindu Drajia, vii. 396.
Hindu Festivals, ix. 117.
Hinduism, xii. 779; xx. 360.
Hindu Kush, mountains, Afghanistan,
XL S37; I. 227; -II. 685; xviii. 102;
XXIIL 633.
Hindu Law Codes, xii. 782.
Hindu P'hilosophy, iv. 427; philoso-
phy of the categories, V. 222; logical
systems, XIV. 802.
Hindur, hill state, India, XI. 840.
Hindus, their origin, XII. 779; n. 672;
institution of caste among, XII. 781;
ancient literary langiiage of, XXI. 269;
modern language of, XI. S40; religion
of, IV. 201; XII. 780; of Bengal, III.
563; sacred city of (Benares), III. 555.
Hindustan, or India, xii. 731.
Hindustani Language, xi. 840.
Hindustani Literature, xi. 843.
Hinganghat, to\vn, India, XL 850.
Hing-King, town, Manchuria, XV.
466.
Hinlopen Strait, Spitzbergen, xxii.
408.
Hinnom, VaUey of, Jerusalem, Xlil.
640.
HiNNY, variety of mule, XVII. 13.
Hinojosa del Duque, town, Spain, XL
851.
Hinrichs, Hermann F. W., German
phOosophical writer, XJ. 616.
Hinton, James, English surgeon and
writer, XI. 851.
HlOGO, to'BTi, Japan, XI. S51; xill. 578;
XVIII. III.
HlONG-NU, or Hiung-nu, ancient
Turkish race, v. 644; xviii. 592;
XXIII. 659.
Hiorleifsson, Aaron, Icelandic chief,
XII. 625.
HIOUEN Thsang, or Hwen Tsang
(q.v.), Chinese traveller and writer,
XII. 418.
HiP-JoiNT, Muscles of, in man, I. 840;
anchylosis of, XXII. 686.
HiPPARCHUS, Greek astronomer, XI.
851; II. 749; xviL 709; XX. 87; his
application of astronomy to geograpJiy,
X. 177; as geographer, XV. 516; XX.91;
on the motions of the moon, XVI. 799;
Strabo on, XXII. 5S2.
of Athens, patron of Anacreon, I.
788; preserver of the Homeric poems,
XII. 116.
HiPPEL, Theodor Gottlieb von, German
humorist, XI. 852.
HiPPi.\, epithet of Athena, Greek
goddess, II. 831.
HiPPlAS of EUs. Greek sophist, xxii.
265.
Hippo, or Hippo Regius, ancient town,
Numidia, III. 76; IV. 32; xvii. 62S.
Hippoc'a.mpus, genus of fishes, XL 852;
xxi. 579.
Hippocrates, the so-called Father of
Medicine, XL 852; his knowledge of
anatomy, I. 799; on the four elements,
I. 461; his system of medicine, XV.
800; surgery of, XXII. 674.
Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela, Sicily,
XXII. 814.
Hippocrene, fountain, in QreeK mytho-.
logj-, XVIII. 468.
Hippodaiiia, in Greek mythology,
XVII. 731; xviji. 4S0.
Hippodrome, at.Olympia, Greece, xvil.
76S.
HiPPOGLOSSUS, genus of fishes, XII. 58.
Hippo LYTUS, of Greek legend, xxiii. 294.
, St, martyr, XI. 855.
, ecclesiastical writer, XI. 854; XXI.
127; on Basilides, III. 420; on magic,
XV. 207.
, Euripides's play, VIII. 675.
Hipponax of Ephesus, Greek poet, XI.
855; XXL 318.
HiPPONiUM (Monteleone), ancient town,
Italy, XIV. 779.
Hippopotamus, ungulate mammal, xi.
855; XV. 430; XXII. 772; teeth and
tusk of, XIII. 523.
Hippo Regius (Bona), ancient town,
Numidia, IV. 32; XVII. 628; seat of
Augustine's bishopric. III. 76.
HiPPOSPONGIA, horse sponge, XXII. 423,
428.
Hippo Zarytus (Bizerta), ancient town,
Africa, xxiii. 620.
HiRA, old kingdom, Arabia, II. 255.
Hirado, island, Japan, XIII. 569.
HiRAM, king of TjTe, XVIII. 807.
Hiring, in law, xii. i.
HiRMUS, in Greek hymnody, XII. 580.
Hirnerius (Irnerius), Italian jurist,
XIII. 277.
Hirpini, ancient Italian tribes, xxi.
128, 248.
Hirschau, or Hirsau, village, Wiirtem-
berg, Germany, XII. i.
Hirschberg, town, Prussia, XII. i.
HIRTIUS, Aulus, friend of d-esar, XII. 2.
Hirudo Medicinalis, the leech, 11. 69,
70; XIV. 400.
HirundiniD/E, family of birds, xxil.
730.
HiRUNDO, genus of bii-ds, xv. 581;
XXII. 730.
HiRZEL, Hans Kaspar, S^^^s.s moralist,
XXII. 798.
HiSHAM, Ommayad caliph, xvi. 575.
, I., Ommayad emir of Cordova,
XXIL 310.
II., caliph of Cordova, XV. 500;
XXIL 314.'
III., caliph of Cordova, XXIL 315.
B. al-Kalbi, Arab historian, XXIII.
2.
HisiNGERITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
HiSLOPlTE, mineral, XVI. 397.
Hispania, or Spain, XXII. 304; coins of,
XVII. 635.
Hispaniola (Hayti, q.v.), island. West
Indies, XI. 543; under Columbus, VI.
174.
HiSPANO, Pedro, Portuguese schoL-.r,
xi-x. 556.
H I
H O F
211
HissAR, district and town, India, xn. 2;
XX. log.
, state, Central Asia, xn. 2.
HISSARLIK, Turlcey in Asia, Trojan
remains at, xxiii. 581.
KiSTi/EUS, tyrant of Miletus, XI. 98;
XVIII. 570.
HiSTIOPHORUS, genus of fishes, XXII.
804.
HiSTOGENETiC BODIES, m cnemistrv,
I, 456-
HiSTOiRE EcCLisiASTIQUE, Fleury's,
IX. 307.
Histology, xii. 4; in. 681; xvi. 840;
in relation to medicine, xv. 795; early
contributions to, XXIV. 816; Malpighi's
discoveries in, XV. 338; of sponges,
xxii. 418; vegetable, xii. 10.
HiSTONlUM (Vasto), ancient to\vn, Italy,
XXIV. no.
H;3T0RIA Anguca, by Polydore Virgil,
XXIV. 255.
HiSTORIA Britonum, Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth's, X. 172 ; Nennius's, XVII. 332.
HiSTORi/E, of Tacitus, xxiii. 20.
Adverstjm Paganos, of Orosius,
XVIII. 50.
HiSTORIA ECCLESIASTICA, of Bede,
III. 481; of Orderic, XVii. 821.'
HiSTORIA Major, of Matthew of Paris,
XV. 634.
Historic Doubts Relative to
Napoleon Bonaparte, Whateiys
work, XXIV. 529.
History, xii. ig; by Arab -(vriters,
XXIII. i; archajological, II. 334, 342;
chronological table of principal events
of, V. 720; church, V. 760; its teacliing
as to the development of culture, II.
121; early, V. 711; European, VIII.
713; in relation to evolution, VIII. 759;
military, xxiv. 345 ; in relation to
numismatics, xvii. 628 ; philosophy of,
XVIII. 796; distinguished from pro-
phecy, XXI V. 781; Roman literature
of, XX. 719; Hallam's contributions
to, XI. 393; Herodotus's, XL 75S;
Livy's, XIV. 726; Polybius's, XIX. 412;
Procopius's, XIX. 790; W, Robertson's,
XX. 599; Sallust's, XXI. 219; Scaliger's,
XXI. 363; Tacitus's, XXIII. 20; Thucy-
dides's, XXIII. 325; William of Tyre's,
XXIV. 584; V-arro's, XXIV. g3; Vice's,
XXIV. 212; ViUani's, XXIV. 227; Ville-
hardouin's, XXIV. 22g; academies of,
1. 76; historical societies, XXII. 227.
OF England, Hume's, xii. 349;
Macaula/SiXV. 128; Pauli's,xviii. 433.
of Europe, Alison's, I. 577.
— of the Human Race, by Abul-
feda, I. 61.
of the Jewish Church, by
Stanley, XXII. 451.
— of John Bull, by Arbuthnot 11.
325-
of Rome, Arnold's, XX. 807 ,
Niebuhr's, xvii. 4g2.
History of the United Nether-
lands, Motley's, XVII. 3.
OF the World, by Bar Hcbrieus,
XXII. 854.
Histria (Istria), district, Austria, xill.
433-
Histrio-Mastix, PrjTuie's work, vii.
434; XX. 25.
Histrionic Art, vii. 3g6, 3gi; ix. 2og.
Hit, town, Asiatic Turkey, XII. 24; viii.
670; XVI. 48.
HiTA, Gines Perez de, Spanish writer,
XX. 6$g; XXII. 358.
Hitch, seaman's knot, Xiv. 128; XXI.
59°-
HiTCHcecK, Edward, American geo-
logist, XII. 24.
Hitchin, town, England, XIL 25.
Hiteren, island, Norway, XVII. 576.
Hitopadesa, Hindu fables, lii. 666;
VIII. 837; XXI. 287..
HlTSHiRiKl, Japanese musical instru-
ment, XVII. 705.
Hittite Monuments, of Phrygia,
XVIII. 849.
Hittites, of Scripture, xii. 25; xxii.
S22 : their supposed connexion with
Lydia, XV. gg.
Hittorff, Jacques Ignace, Frencn
architect, XII. 27.
Hittorf's Theory, in electrolysis,
VIII. 113.
HlTZiG, Ferdinand, German Biblical
critic, XII. 27.
Hiung-nu, ancient Turkish people,
XVIII. 592; V. 644; XXIII. 659.
Hivaoa, island, Marquesas, Pacific, XV.
564.
Hives, for bees, in. 499.
Hiwen T'SANG (Hwen Tsang, q.v.),
Chinese traveller, XII. 418.
HiXA, plant, XIV. 348.
HjARNE, Urban, Swedish poet, XXII.
755-
HjELMlTE, mineral, xvi. 427.
Hlaing, river, Burmah, XXIII. 221.
Hlodowig (Clovis, q.v.\ chief of the
Franks, IX. 528.
(Louis the Pious;, emperor, IX. 533.
Hlotehild, wife of Clovis, ix. 52g.
Hlothar (Lothair, q.v.), emperor, IX.
533; X. 480.
, or Lothair, king of the Franks, ix.
530.
Ho.ACTZIN, bird, XII. 28.
Hoadly, Benjamin, bishop of Winches-
ter, XII. 29.
Hoang-ho, river, China, v. 630;. xviii.
117; in Tibet, XXIIL 339.
HOARE, Sir Richard Cobb, English
antiquary, XII. 29.
Hoar-Frost, xvi. 120.
Hoarstone, cromlech, Oxfordshire,
i England, xviii. 94
Hoatzin, or Hoactzin, bird, XII. 28.
Hobart Town (now Hobart), town,
I Tasmania, xn. 29; xxiii. 73.
HOBBEMA, Meyndert, Dutch painter,
XII. 30; XXI. 439.
HOBBES, Tliomas, English philosopher,
XII. 31; on mental association, 11. 730;
on economic science, XIX. 358; his
ethics, VIII. 596; on evolution, VIII.
758; his influence on Spinoza, XXII.
401; Cumberland's opposition to his
views, VI. 701; his place in English
literature, vill. 422.
HoBBs's Locks, xiv. 747.
Hobby, bird, ix. 3.
HOBHOUSE, Sir John Cam (Lord
Broughton), English statesman, IV.
381.
HOBOKEN, town. New Jersay, U.S.A.,
XII. 40; XVII. 397.
HoBSON's Bay, Victoria, Austj-alia,
XV. 835.
HOCHE, Lazare, French general, XII.
40; IX. 606, 608, 610; his expedition
to IVeland, vin. 362; liis rivalry with
Napoleon, xvii. igg.
HocHELAGA, Indian settlemenj^ Mon-
treal, Canada, xvi. 795.
HoCHGOLLiNG, mountain, Styria,
Austria, xxn. 614.
HOCHKIRCHEN, Prussian Silesia, Battle
of (1758), in. 128..
HoCHKOPF, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, XXIV. 700.
HoCHST, Prussia, Battle of (1795), III.
130.
Ho-Chu Fu, town, China, xii. 144.
Hock, wine, xxiv. 602, 610.
HODAIBIYA, Arabia, Treaty of (628),
XVL 557.
HoDGE, Charles, American theologian,
XII. 40; on theology as the science of
religion, XXIII. 262.
HODGE-PODGE, in law, XII. 308.
HdDGKiNSON, Eaton, English engineer,
XII. 41.
Hodierna, Giovanni Battista, Italian
iiathematician, XVIII. igi
Hodjent (Khojend, q.v.), town, Turke-
stan, XIV. 65.
Hodmezo-Vasarhely, town, Hungary,
XII. 41.
Hodograph, geometrical construction,
XII. 41; XI. 71; XV. 682.
HoDOSER See, lake, Transylvania.
XXIII. 522.
HODY, Humphrey, English divine, xn.
43-
Hoe, agricultural implenient, I. 321.
Hoefer, Ferdinand, on alchemy, I.
462.
Hoey (Huy), town, Belgium, XII. 415.
HOF, to\vn, Bavaria, XII. 43.
HOFER, Andreas, Tyrolese patriot, XII.
44; xvn. 214; XXIII. 712.
Hoffmann, August Heinrich, German
writer, XII. 44.
, Carl K., on reptiles, XX. 438.
, Charles F., American writer, I.
725.
212
H O F — H O L
Hoffmann, Ernst Tlieodor Wilhelm,
German romancist, XII. 45; X. 542.
, Friedrich, German physician, XII.
46 ; XV. S 1 2 ; His contributions to
chemistry, v. 461
, Johann Joseph, German Chinese
and Japanese scholar, XII. 46.
, Klementina, Polish novelist, XIX.
306.
HOFMANN, August Wilhelm, his
investigations on dyestuffs, II. 48.
, Johann Christian Konrad von,
Lutheran theologian, xii. 46; on
speculative theology, XXIII. 270.
, Johann Jacob, his Lexicon Uni\'Br-
sale, VIII. 194.
HoFMANNSWALDAU, Christian Hof-
mann von, German writer, X. 531.
HOFWYL, Switzerland, Fellenberg's
soliool at, IX. 67.
Hog, Domestic, XXII. 773 ; breeding
and management of, I. 400.
, Wild, of India, XII. 742; hunting
of, XII. 396.
Hogarth, William, Englisn painter
and caricaturist, XII. 47; v. 104; his
analysis of beauty, I. 222.
Hogg, James,. Scottish poet, XII. 50.
, John, on birds, XVIII. 31.
, Thomas Jefferson, friend of P. B.
Shelley, XXI. 790.
HoGGAR (Ahaggar), plateau, Sahara,
Africa, XXI. 149.
Hoggets, sheep, their management, I.
395-
Hogging, iu ships, xxi. 818.
Hog Nut, xvii. 644.
Hog Packing Trade, of Chicago, v.
6n.
Hog's-Bean, plant, xi. 650.
HoGUE, La, France, Battle of (1692),
IX. 579; xxiv. 580.
HOHENELBE, town, Bohemia, Xll. 51.
Hohenheim, Theoplirastus Bombast
von (Paracelsus, q.v.), XVIII. 234.
HOHENLINDEN, Bavaria, Battle of
(1800), III. 132; IX. 613; XVIII. 204.
HOHENLOHE, Princes of, XII. 51.
HOHENMAUTH, to-HTi, Bohemia, XII. 52.
HoHENSTAUFEN, Dynasty of, Germany,
X. 489, 492; IX. 731.
HOHENSTEIN, town, Saxony, XII. 52.
HOHENZOLLERN, province, Prussia, XX.
14, 16.
, Princes of, XII. 52; XX. 4; Prince
Leopold noiiiinated to Spani.sh throne,
IX. 626.
HOHLFLOTE, organ pipe, xvii. 830.
HOHLOH, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, XXIV. 700.
Hoi-HE, people, Turkestan, XXIII. 639.
HOIJER, Benjamin, Swedish philosopher,
XXIL 757.
HoiRAN GOL (Egerdir), lake, Asia
Minor, II. 709.
Hoist, lifting apparatus, xiv. 573;
for blast furnaces, xiii. 301
H6j6, Japanese dynasty, XI II. 583.
HOKCHIN (Fuh-Chow), town, China, IX-.
8l2.
HoKMAH, or Chokma (i.e., wisdom), in
Hebrew literature, XI. 599; XIII. 420.
See also xiil. 702; XIX. 879.
HoLBACH, Baron d', French phOosopher,
XII. 52; IX. 669; on evolution, VIII.
760.
Holbein, Hans, the Elder, German
painter, XII. 53.
— — , Hans, the Younger, German
painter, XII. 54; XXI. 438; as draughts-
man, VII. 449.
Holberg, Baron Ludwig, Scandinavian
ivi-iter, XII. 56; VII. 90, 444; XVII.
590.
HOLCROFT, Thomas, English dramatist
and •svTiter, XII. 57
Holdenby M.vnor House, North-
ampton, England, XVII. 557.
HOLD.ERLIN, Johann ChristianFriedricn,
German poet, XII. 58.
HoLESCHAU, or Holesov, tQ«'n, Moravia,
Austria, XII. 58.
Holibut, or Halibut, fish, xil. 58,
692.
Holinshed, Raphael, English chron-
icler, XII. 58.
HOLKAR, Indian title, XII. 58, 804, 845;
XV. 290.
Holland, xii. 59; Alva's atrocities in,
I. 64S; union mth Belgium (18 15),
III. 527; separation from Belgium
(1S30), III. 528; war ■\vith France
(1672), IX. 576; annexation of, to
France (1810), XVII. 215; relations
with Spain, xxii. 328, 332; struggle
with Philip II. of Spain, xvili. 744;
under De Witt, VII. 145; under
Farnese, IX. 37; under Don Join of
Austria, XIII. 718; under William of
Orange, xxiv. 578 ; under William
the SUent, xxiv. 582; academy of
sciences, I. 73; army, II. 6:4; birds,
XVIII. 17; canals, iv. 788; church,
VIII. 492; Presbyterian Church, XIX.
696; coins, XVII. 656; colonies, VI.
159; colonization of Cape of Good
Hope, V. 44 ; drama, VII. 443 ;
fisheries, IX. 26S; Jews in, XIII. 686;
libraries, XIV. 531, 549; national
debt, XVII. 246; navy, XVII. 300;
newspapers, XVII. 430; observatories,
XVII. 715; oyster culture, XVIII. loS;
periodical literatme, xviii. 542; police
system, XIX. 344; prison system, XIX.
761; railways, XX. 251; Reformation
in, XX. 336; in Renaissance period,
XX. 392; settlements in Indian Archi-
pelago, XII. 818; trees, IX. 400; weights
and measures, XXIV. 490.
, district, Lincolnshire, England,
XVI. 655.
, North and South, provinces, Hol-
land, XII. 98.
. First Lord (Henry Fox), IX. 494.
Holland, Third Lord, English poUti'
cian and writer, XII. 99.
, Sir Henry, English physician and
writer, XII. .98.
•., Philemon, English translator, XII.
99; IV. 734.
, Sir Richard, early Scottish WTiter,
XXI. 540.
House, London, xii. 100.
Hollands, gin, x. 602.
Hollar, WenzeL German etcher, xil..
100.
Holles, John, duke of Newcastle, xvii.'
3S0.
, Thomas Pelham, ditke of Newf
castle, English statesman, XVII. 381.
Holleschau, or Holeschau, town,
Moravia, Austria, XII. 58.
Hollinshed, or Holinshead, Raphael^
English chronicler, XII. 58.
Holly, tree, xii. loi.
Hollyhock, hardy garden plant, Xli.^
102, 256.
Holman, James, the Blind Traveller;
xil. 103.
Holmbury Hill, Surrey, England,'
xxii! 693.
Holme, Thomas, colonial sun'eyor of
Philadelphia, xviii. 740.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, American
author, I. 727, 728.'
HOLMIUM, Spectrum of, XXII. 377.
HOLNEK, mountain. South Africa,
XXIIL 517.
Holocephala, suborder of fishes, XII.
686.
Holocheilus, genus of rodent mam-
mals, XVII. 6.
Holochlamyda, suborder of Mollusca,
XVI. 648.
HOLOFERNES, slain by Judith, XIII.
765 ; perhaps the Orofernes of history.
XVIII. 5S0.
Holophotal Illumination, of light-
houses, XIV. 621.
HoLOSTOMlD^, family of trematod<.-
worms, XXIIL 539.
HOLOTHURIDEA, order of Echinider-
mata, VII. 639.
HOLOTRICHA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
863
HOLSTEIN, duchy, Germajiy, xxi. 415;
its relations with Denmark, VI I. 88. •
, Schleswig-, province, Prussia, XXI.
414.
HOLSTENBORG, district, Greenland, XI.
170.
HOLT, Sir John, English lord chief-
justice, XII. 103.
HOLTST.iTEN, or Holstein (j.r.), XXI.
415.
Holty, Lud\rig Heinrich Christoph,
German poet., XII. 104.
Holtzendorff, Ernst K. H., German
surgeon, XXII. 677.
HOLTZMANN, Adolf, on the Nibelur.cou-
lied, XVII. 476.
H O L — H O O
213
HoLTZMANN, Heinrich J., on Josephiis
and the Acts of the Apostl?i, i.
126.
HoLtJMO (Qharma), country, Central
Asia, XIV. 4.
Holy Alliance (1815), in. 135; ix.
619.
Holy Brotherhood, Spanish con-
federation, XXII. 326.
Holy Communion, viii. 651. See
Communion
Holy Cross, jnountain, Colorado,
United States, VI. 161; xxin. 796.
Holy Grail, The, in medieval legend,
XI. 34; XX. 645; XXIV. 632; inChres-
tien de Troyes's poem, V. 6S7.
Holyhead, town, "Wales, xii. 104.
Holy House, cathedral of Loreto,
Italy, XV. 4.
Holy Isl.\nd, Northumberland, Eng-
land, XII. 105; XVII. 565.
Holy Junta, of Avila, xxii. 328.
Holy Lance, Discovery of the, VI.
626.
Holy Land, The, xviii. 170.
Holy AL^id, of Kent, in. 404.
Holy Office, name for the Inquisition,
xiii. 91.
HoLYOKE, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XII. 105.
Holy Places, Pilgrimages to, xix.
93-
Holy Rom.\n Empire, viii. 181; x.
484; XX. 787; popedom at creation
of, XIX. 496.
Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, vii.
663.
Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, xxi.
670; pilgrimages to, XIX. 94.
Holy St.^te, Fuller's work, ix. 816.
Holy Virgins, companions of St
Ursula, XXIV. 13.
Holy War, Bunyan's work, iv. 529.
Holy War, Fuller's work, ix. 814.
Holy Water, in Koman Catholic ritual,
XII. 105.
Holy Week, in ecclesiastical calendar,
XII. J06.
Holywell, iown, Wales, xil. 106; ix.
327-
HOLYWOOD, John (Sacro Bosco), Scottish
mathematician, and astronomer, XXI.
140, 543-
HoLZMiNDE>f, to^Tn, .Germany, Xil.
106.
Homage, In feudal times, XIL 107;
salutations as signs of, XXI. 236.
Homalopsid.«, famUy of snakes, XXII.
192.
Homaxonla, term in morphology, XVI.
844.
HOMBERG, WUhehn, Dutch natural
philosopher, XII. 107.
HOMBVRG, to-ivn, Germany, XII. 107;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
» , Hesse-, landgi'aviate, Germany, XI.
78J.
HOME, David D., American spiritualist,
XXII. 405.
, Henry (Lord Kames), Scottish
jv-dge and philosopher, XIII. S33.
, John, Scottish di'amatic poet, Xll.
107.
HOMEL, town, Russia, XII. io8.
Homer, Greek poet, xii. 108; language
of, XI. 134; his place in Greek liter-
atnre, XI. 137; his place in epic
poetry, XIX. 267; references to Phoe-
nicia in, XVIII. 805; question of the
site of his Troy, xxiii. 582; recension
of, by Aristarchus, II. 504; Chapman's
translations of, v. 396; French transla-
tions, VI. 759; Pope's translation,
XIX. 485.
Homerid^, poets of Chios, xri. no;
XXI. 466. ,
Ho.me Rule, in Ireland, XIH. 272.
Homeste.aD, Law relating to, in
United States, XII. 122; XX. 308; in
Iceland, XII. 620.
Homesteads, Erection of, I. 308.
Homeyer, Karl Gustav, German his-
torical writer, XII. 124.
Homicide, in law, xn. 124; xv. 7S0;
XVIL 52.
Homildon Hill, Ensland, Battle of
(1402), xvuL 523.
HomiliaRIUM, book of homilies, xil.
125.
Homilies, Books of, xil. 125; in Church
of England, viii. 379.
Homilite, mineral, xvi. 409.
Homily, xil 125.
Hominid.e, zoological group containing
man alone, XV. 444.
Homoccela, order of sponges, xxil.
422.
Homoderma, genus of sponges, xxii.
413-
Ho.mceop.\thy, system of medicine, Xll.
126; XV. S14; Hahnemann's relations
to, XL 373.
Homogeneousness, in matter, defined,
VII. 804.
Homologoumena, universallyacknow-
ledged books of Scripture, II. 128.
Homology, in biology, xvi. 839; dis-
tinguished from analogy, xxiv. 807.
HomOOUSION, Doctrine of the, 11. 830.
HOMOPLASY, in biology, XXIV. 808; of
sponges, XXII. 426
Homoptera (Hemiptera), suborder of
insects, XL 646; XIII. 153.
Homo-Pyrocatechine, product of
wood distillation, XXIII. 57.
Homoquinine, in chesiistry, XX. 185.
Homot.axis, identity of order of tj-pes,
in geolog)-, X. 322.
HoMPESCH, Ferdinand, grand-master,
Knights of St John, XXI. 17}.
Homra, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXI.
149.
HOMS, or Hems, town, Syria, XI. 649.
Hon, Egj-ptian measure, xxiv. 4S5.
Honain ibn Ishak, Syrian physician,
XXII. S47.
Honan, island, at Canton, China, v.
37-
Ho-n.\n, province, China, v. 634.
Foo, town, China, v. 634.
Honda, to^vn, Colombia, South America,
XII. 129.
Hondecoeter, Melchior d', Dutch
painter, XII. 129.
Honduras, republic. Central America,
XII. 129; antiquities of, I. 693.
, British, XII. 132.
Hone, whetstone, xn. 134.
, WUliam, English satirist and
antiquary, XII. 135.
HoNECOURT, WOars de, French in-
ventor, XVIIL 554.
Honey, xil 136; in. 502; la:vulose in,
XXIL 624; of HymettUE, XI. 88.
Honey-B.\dger, carnivorous mammal,
XX. 28S.
Honey Bear, carnivorovis mammal, hi.
462.
Honey-Comb, hi. 489.
HoNEV-E.\TER, bird, xn. 139.
Honey-Guide, bird, xn. 139.
Honey-Sucker, or Honey-Eater, bird,
XII. 139.
Honeysuckle, plant, xn. 140.
HONFLEUR, town, France, XII. 140.
Hong-Kiang, river. Cochin China, vl.
93-
Hong-Kong, island and town, China,
XII. 141; observatory at, xviL 716.
Hong Merchants, Canton, v. 38.
Honiton, to^\•n, England, xn. 142.
Honolulu, tovra, Hawaiian .Islands,
XI. 531.
Honorarium, Jus, in Roman law, xx.
695.
HONORATUS, St, of Lerins, XXL 238
Honorific Sacrifices, xxi. 132.
HonASius I., pope, XII. 143; on Hobo.
thelitism, Xvi. 758.
11., pope, XII. 143; XX. 791.
II., antipope, xil. 143, xix. 498.
— - III., pope, XIL 143; XIII. 474; XX.
795-
IV., pope, XII. 143.
, Flavins Augustus, enrieror of the
West, XII. 143; XX. 779; his relations
■with Alaric, I. 442.
-Honour, Order of the Legion of, Xiv.
417.
— ^, Titles of, XXIII. 417.
Honourable, title, xxiii. 418.
Hontheim, Johann Nriolaus von,
opponent of Ultramontanism, XII.
143; his treatise Febronius, XIX. 507.
HONTHORST, Gerard van, Dutch
painter, XII. 143.
Honved, Hungarian army of defence,
XII. 374.
HooBLY (Hubli), to-n-n, India, xn. 328.
Hooch, Pieter de, Dutch painter, XIIJ
144-
214
H O O — H O R
Hoo-Chow Foo, town, Cliina, xil. 144.
Hood, in academic costume, vi. 464.
, Viscount, English admiral, XH.
146.
, John Bell, American general,
xxiii. 779, 789.
, Thomas, English humorist and
poet, XII. 145.
— >-, Tom, English humorist and poet,
XII. 146.
, Mount, Cascade Mountains, U.S.A.,
XVII. S22; XXIII. Soo.
Hooded Crows, of Europe and India,
VI. 618.
Hooded Snake, or Cobra, vi. 90.
Hood-Mould, in architecture, 11. 466.,
Hoofs, of mammals, xv. 348; of the
horse, XII. 178, 195.
Hooft, Pieter Cornelissen, Dutch poet
and historian, XII. 146, 93.
Hoogeveen, viUage, Netherlands, xii.
147.
Hooge Veld, district of Transvaal,
South Africa, XXlil. 518.
HooGHE, Romaia de, Dutch caricaturist,
v. 104.
HooGHLY, or Hugli, district, India, Xll.
147; town, XII. 148.
, river, India, XII. 147.
HooGSTRATEN, Samuel Dirksz van,
Dutch painter, XI I. 148.
Hook, Fishing, II. 33, 38.
, Reaping, XXI. 574.
, Theodore Edward, English novelist
and dramatist, XII. 148.
, Walter Farquhar, dean of West-
minster, XII. 149.
Hookah, tobacco pipe, xix. in.
Hooke, Robert, English man of science,
XII. 149; his theories of the composi-
tion of air, v. 461; on attraction. III.
64; on the laws of magnetism, XV.
236; his sextant, XXI. 724; his law of
strains, XXII. 595; law of tension and
force, VII. 803; his controversy with
Nevrton, xvii. 442.
Hooker, Joseph, American general,
XII. 150; xxiii. 777.
, Mrs, her process of encaustic
painting, viii. 187.
, Richard, English ecclesiastical
writer, Xll. 150; viil. 421.
, Thomas, Xew England Puritan,
XII. 726.
, Sir William Jackson, English
botanist, XII. 152.
Hooks and Cods, Dutch political
parties, XII. 72.
Hoole, John, English translator and
dramatist, XII. I53.
Hoo-nan, province, China, V. 637.
Hooper, John, English bishop and
martyr, xn. 153.
Hoo-pih, province, China, v. 637.
HOOPING-COUGH, XII. 154.
Hoopoe, bird, xii. 154; xiv. 315.
HooRN, town, Holland, xn. 155.
HoosacTunnel, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1
XV. 613. i
Hop, plant, xn. 156; culture of, i. 381;
IV. 272; mildew of, xvi. 294; use of
hops in brewing, IV. 272.
Hope, in phjenology, xviii. 845.
, Thomas, English writer and
antiquary, Xll. 158.
HOPEITE, mineral, XVI. 405.
Hopetoun House, Linlithgow, Scot-
land, XIV. 670.
HoPKEN, Anders Johan von, Swedish
rhetorician, XXII. 755.
Hopkins, river, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 216.
, Ezekiel, bishop of Londonderry,
XII. 158.
— , John, his psalms and hymns, xn.
589.
, Samuel, American theologian, XII.
158.
Hopkinson, Francis, American satirist,
XII. 159; I. 722.
, Josei^h, Aiiierican jJoet, I. 722.
Hoplonemertea, suborder of nemer-
tine worms, xvil. 326, 330.
H0PL0PH0RlD.e, family of fossO
edentate mammals, XV. 388.
Hop-Mildew, xvi. 294.
Hopoterodontes, suborder of snakes,
xxii. 192.
HOPPNER, John, English portrait
painter, XII. 159.
HOR, district, Tibet, XXIII. 341.
, Mount, of Scripture, XII. 159.
Horace, Latin poet, XII. 159; repre-
sentative of the Augustan age. III. 82;
as satirist, XXI. 318; his language and
style, XIV. 334; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 723.
HORATII, three brothers, champions of
Rome, XII. 166.
HORATIUS, or Horace (j.f.), (Quintus
Horatius Flaccus), Latin poet, XII. 159.
HORBACHITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
Horde, town, Prussia, XII. 166.
Hordes, ethnological groups, viii. 619.
HOREB, Mount, Arabia, XXII. 88; XIII.
396; Elijah on, viii. 135.
HOREHOUND, plant, XII. 166, 289.
HORGEN, town, Switzerland, XII. 166.
HORI.M, Idumean cave-dwellers, XII.
699; XXIII. 583.
HORITZ, town, Boheniia, XII. 167.
Horizon, Artificial, its use in navi-
gation, XVII. 273.
HORMAVR, Joseph, Baron von, German
statesman and historian, Xli. 167.
H0RMIG.\S, islets, Peru, XVIII. 671
HORMISDAS, Pope, XII. 167.
HORMIZD I., king of Persia, XVIII. 60S.
II., of Persia, xviii. 609.
IV., of Persia, XVIII. 613.
HoRMUZ(Ormus),to\vn, Persia, XVII. 856.
HORN, Horns, xii. 167; of animals,
XV. 348, 431; XXII. 108; use of, for
comb-making, Vi. 178.
Horn, musical instrument, XII. 67'
XXIII. 592.
, Cape, Soutli Amci'ica, XXIII. 383;
rounded by Le Maire anil Scho:.!en,
X. 186.
— AND Rimenhild, Stories of, xx
657.
Hornbeam, tree, xn. 168; culture of,
II. 317.
Hornbill, bird, XII. 169.
Hornblende, mineral, x. 228; xv
217; XVI. 417.
Hornblende-Andesite, rnineial, X
235-
Hornblower, Jonathan, improver nf
steam-engine, XXII. 477; xxiv. 414
Horn-Book, xn. 170.
Horncast'le, town, England, xn. 170.
HorNE, George, bishop of Norwich, Xll.
171; opponent of Adam Smith, xxil.
170.
, Thomas Hartwell, English Bibljcsrf
writer, XII. 171.
Horned Pout, fish, xxii. 68.
HORNELLSVILLE, to\ni, Ncw York,
U.S.A., XII. 171.
HORNEMANN, Friedrich K., traveller iu
Africa, I. 246.
Horner, Francis, English jiolitical
economist, XII. 171.
, W. G., his method of solving equa-
tions, I. 516; VIII. 500.
Hornesite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Hornet, insect, xxiv. 392.
Hornisgrinde, mountain, Black
Forest, Germany, xxiv. 700.
Hornli, mountiun, Switzeiland, XXIIi.
33°-
Hornpie, bird,' XIV. 308.
Hornpipe, dance and tune, xn. 171
Horn Silver, xxii. 6g
HoRNSiLVER Mine, Utah, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 815.
HORNSTONE, mineral, XVI. 389, 419.
Horn Work, in fortification, ix. 439.
HoROLOGiUM OF Andronicus, monu-
ment, Athens, in. 8.
Horopter, in optics, vin. 826: xxii.
538-
Horoscope, Magician's, xv. 306.
HORROCKS, or Horrox, Jeremiah,
English asLronomer, XII. 172; his
observation of the tran.sit of Venus, n.
754-
HORSA, Invasion of Encland by. vrn.
269.
Horse, xn. 172; xv. 429; breeding
and learing of, I. 384; pairing with
ass, XVII. 13; diseases of, xxiv. 201,
204 ; hair of, for manufacture, xi.
376; hides of, for tanning, XIV. 3S0,
386; of Arabia, II. 240; in Austria-
Hungary, III. 119; of Bhutan, India,
III. 632; Clydesdales, XIV. 251; Per-
sian, xvill. 625; wild, of Turkestan,
XXIII. 635, 638; yafcuof Afghanistan,
I. 233-
H O R — H O W
21i
HORSEmARTILLERY, It. 662, 667.
Horse-Chestnut tree, xii. 205; cul-
ture of, II. 319.
Horse-Chestnut Oil, xvii. 744.
Horse-Grease, as source of vaccine
matter, xxiv. 24.
Horse Guards, Government office,
Ijondon, XIV. 839.
Horse Latitudes, The, in the North
Atlantic, XVI. 144.
Horse-Leech, xiv. 404.
Hgrse-AL'VCKerel, tisli, xil. 206.
Horsemanship, xii. 195.
HoRSENS, town, Denmark, Xll. 206.
Horse Oil, xvii. 744.
Horse-Power," engineers' unit of
e^erg)-, XII. 207; XV. 715; in mecha-
nics, XV. 772, 773; of steam-engines,
XXII. 476, 491.
HORSE-POX, XXIV. 204.
Horse-Racing, xii. 199; book-making
at, in. 61S; at Doncaster, Vll. 361;
the Derby and Oaks, at Epsom, VIII.
496 ; at Newmarket, XVII. 399.
Horseradish, plant, xii. 207, 283.
Horse Shoes, Making of, xxi. 831;
naUs for, xvii. 166.
Horse-Stinger, dragon-fly, vii. 385.
Horsetail, plant, xii. 207; xxi. 62;
stem of, IV. 106.
HoRSFORD, his measurement of electro-
lytic resistance, viil. 48.
Horsham, to\<Ti, England, xii. 20S;
XXII. 724.
Horslbv, John, English antiquary. Xll.
208.
, Samuel, English hishop ana con-
troversialist, XII. 209; his contention
with the Royal Society, XXI. 39.
, William, English musical com-
poser, XII. 209
HORTA, Villa de, town, Azores, III. 172.
HoRTEN, to\vn, Norway, xii. 209.
HoRTENSE, mother of Napoleon III.,
emperor of the French, XII. 209;
XVII. 226.
HORTENSIAN LAW, of Rome, XX. 738.
HoRTENSius, Quintas Roman orator,
XII. 210.
Horticulture, Science ami practice
of, XII. 211 (index, 295); societies for
promotion of, XXII. 225.
HORTULUS, Walafrid's poem, XXIV. 320.
HoRTUS Kewensis, Aiton's catalogue,
I. 431.
HoRTUS Siccus, or Herbarium, XI. 715.
HORUS, E3)-ptian divinity, VII. 717.
HoRVATH, Andreas, Hungarian poet,
XII. 377.
Hos, people, India, XXII. 94.
HOSAIN B. Ali, Huscin, or Hoseyn,
Moslem leader, XVI. 567, 568; II. 258;
tomb of, at Kerbela, Asiatic Turkey,
XIV. 48; hero of passion play, XI. 508;
XVIII. 66c
HosE.\, Old Testament prophet, XII.
295; Xiu. 411.
HOSEMANN, Andreas ;Osianaer), German
Reformer, XVIII. 55.
HosH ANGABAD, district and town, India,
XII. 298.
Hosiery, xii. 299; factories in England,
VIII. 233.
Hosius, bishop of Cordova, XII. 300.
HOSKYN, Chandos Wren, History of
Agriculture by, I. 291.
Hospital, Hospitals, xii. 301 ; of
British army, II. 5S3; foundling, ix.
481; seamen's, xxi. 607; in England,
vill. 253; at Paris, xvill. 282.
Ambulances, i. 665.
HOSPITALIS.M, in surgery, XXII. 678.
Hospitality, among the Greeks, xil.
307.
Hospitallers, Knights, Order of, xxi.
173, 174; XVI. 709; their rivalry ^rith
the Templars, XXIII. 163.
Hospitium, Greek institution, XII.
307.
HOSPODARS, nxlers of Walachia, xxi.
18.
Hoste, island, Tierra del Fuego, XXIII.
384-
HOSTE-PIAR, mountain, Russia, XXIV.
2S2
Hostia, Roman courtezan, XIX. 812.
H0T-.A.1R Furnace, ix. 846.
Hot-Bl.\st Stove, xiii. 302.
HoTCHKiss Gun, xi. 2S5.
HOTCH-PoT, in law, XII. 308.
H6tel des Invalides, Paris, xviii.
2S3, 292.
Hotel de Ville, in architecture, 11.
466.
Hotel Dieu, in architecture, II. 466.
Hotels, Law relating to, xiii. 8r.
Hotham, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
XV. 8, 366.
Hotho, Heinrich Gastav, German art
critic, XII. 308.
Hothouse, for plants xii. 221.
Hotman, Francois, French publicist,
XII. 30S.
Hot-Springs, town, Arkansas, U.S.A.,
XII. 309; XVI. 436.
Hotspur (Henry Percy), English war-
rior, XVIII. 523.
Hottentots, South-African race, xii.
309; I. 264; V. 45, 47; language of,
XVIII. 779; myths of, XVII. 147; re-
ligion of, XX. 362.
Hottinger, Johann Heinrich, Swiss
theologian and philologist, XII. 313
HOTTOMAN, or Hotman, Francois,
French publicist, XII. 30S.
Hot Waves, of air, in Ignited States,
XXIII. 805.
Houahouna, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
XV. 564.
HOUBRAKEN, Jacobus, Dutch engraver,
XII. 314.
HouDAN Fowls, Xix. 645.
HOUDIN, J. E. Robert, French conjurer,
Xl\V4i5; XV. 209.
HOUDON, Jean Antoine, Frenca sculptor,
XIL 314; xxi. 563.
Houghton, John, his work on Hus-
bandry and Trade, I. 299.
Hound, dog, xii. 314; vii. 328.
—2—, fish, xxi. 774.
HOUNSLOW, town, England, XIL 316;
military school of music at, II. 586.
He.\th, England, XII. 316.
Hour-Angle, in tides, xxin. 357,
367-
Hours of Idleness, Byron's work, iv.
605.
HOUSA, or Houssa, people, Africa, XIL
318; L 27
Hous.\TONlc, river, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XV. 611.
House, Building of, iv. 447; architec-
ture of, II. 392, 413, 419, 449i 453 ;
XX. 828; sanitation of, XII. 567; early
Irish, XIII. 256.
, Royal E., American telegraphist,
XXIII. 113.
Housebreaking, iv. 534.
House-Fly, insect, XII. 317; proboscis
of, XXIII. 478.
Household, Royal, of England, xxi.
35-
HousELEEK, plant, xii. 317, 252.
House of Commons, England, viii.
260; XVIII. 311.
House of Lords, England, viii. 259;
XVIII. 310, 461 ; as court of appeal.
II. 209.
House of Representatives, United
States, XXIII. 749.
HOUSE-PaINTIHG, IV. 510; XVII. 39.
Houses of P.\rliament, at London,
XIV. 839.
Houssa, people, Africa, xil. 318 ; i.
271.
HOUSSAYE, Abraham N. Amelot de la,
French historian,. I. 668.
Houston, tt)^rn, Texas, U.S.A., xil. 318;
XXIII. 205.
, Samuel, American general and
statesman, XII. 318.
HouTOU, bird, xvii. 3.
Houwaert, Jean Baptista, Fleniisli
poet, XII. 319, 92.
HOVAKS, tribe, Moravia, XVI. 811.
HovAS, people of Madagascar, XV. 171,
3=4-
HOVEDON, Roger of, English chronicler,
XII. 319.
Howard, Lord, of Effingham, high
admiral of England, II. 544.
, Catherine, wife of Henry VIIL,
VIII. 337; XL 665.
, Frederick, fifth earl of Carlisle, v.
no.
, George W. F., seventh earl of
Carlisle, V. 1 10.
, Henry, earl of Northampton, XVII.
558.
, Henry, earl of Surrey, English
poet, XXII. 694
216
H O W — H U L
Howard, John, English philanthropist,
XII. 319; on prison discipline, XIX.
747-
, Messra, agricultural iniplenieut
makei's, England, I. 318.
■ , Sir E., English dramatist. Vll.
435-
Howe, low ground, in Scotland, xxi.
524.
, Earl, English admiral, xil. 323;
XX4II. 743.
— , Elias, inventor of sewing machine,
XXI. 718.
, John, English Puritan divine, Xll.
322
, Sir William, British general in
America, xxiii. 742, 743.
Howell, James, English writer and
politican, XII. 324
HowiTT, Mary, English writer, Xll. 324.
, WOliam, English vrriter, Xll. 324.
Howitzer, gun, xi. 306, 310.
HowLEGLAS (Eulenspiegel), chap-book,
VIII. 664.
HowlET, bird, xvill. 88.
Howling Dervishes, vii. 114; xxii.
663
HowMAN, John (John de Feckenham),
English ecclesiastic, IX. 61.
HOWRAH, town, India, xil. 325.
HowTH, Hill of, Ireland, VIL 494.
Hoxter, town, Prussia, xil. 325.
Hov, i-sland, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
HOVLE, Edmund, English writer on
games, XII. 326.
HoziER, Pierre d', French genealogist
and journalist, xvii. 424.
Hraranus Maurus Magnentius,
archbishop of Mainz, XII. 326; XXI.
420 ; his encyclopedia, VIII. 191 ;
school of, X. 522.
Hradschin, part of Prague, Bohemia,
XIX. 658.
Hrodbert 'Tlupert), St, of Bavaria,
XXI. 61.
Hrolf (Duke Robert), Norman leader,
XX. 627; IX. 535; XVII. 540.
Hrosvitha, medifeval authoress, Xll.
326; VII. 412.
Huacas, ruined structures in Peru, II.
452.
HUACO (Guaco), plant, XI. 227.
Huahine, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIIL 22.
HUALCAN, mountain, Peru, XVIII. 672.
Huallaga, river, Peru, xviii. 673.
HuANACO (Guanaco), ungulate mammal,
XIV. 739.
HUANCAS, Peruvian nation, XVJII. 676.
HUANCAVELICA, tovm, Peru, xii. 327;
XVIII. 675.
HUANDOV, mountain, Peru, XVIII. 672.
HUANUCO, town, Peru. XII. 327; XVIII.
675.
HUARAZ, town, Peru, XII. 327; XVIII.
675.
[ HUASCAN, mountain, Peru, XViil. 672.
HUAURA, islets, Peru, XVIII. 671.
HUAVLAS, Callejon de, ravine, Peru,
XVIII. 672.
HuAYNA CCAPAC, the Great Yiica, Peru,
XVIII. 677.
HUAYNAPUTINA, volcano, Peru, xviii.
672.
_HUBALDUS (Hucbald, q.v.), medi.-eval
musician, XII. 329.
HUBER, Fran5ois,' Swiss naturalist, XII.
327; on bees. III. 486, 491, 493, 497.
, Jean, Swiss writer, XII. 327.
, Johann, German theologian and
philosopher, XII 328.
, Marie, Swiss writer, XII. 327.
, Pierre, Swiss naturalist, XII. 328;
on ants, II. 94.
Hubert, St, bishop, of Liege, Xll. 328.
HUBERTSBURG, Saxony, Peace of (1763),
IX. 591.
HUBLI, town, India, XII. 328
Hubner, Johann, his dictionaries, vin.
195-
HUBNERITE, mineral, XVI. 403.
Hue, Evariste Regis, French missionary
and traveller, XII. 328: in Tibet, XIV.
503; XXIII. 338.
HuCBALD, medifeval musical composer,
XII. 329; on musical scales, Xvil. 80.
KUCHTENBURG, Jacob and John van,
Dutch painters, XII. 329.
HUCKNALL-TORKARD, to->vn, England,
XVII. 598.
HUDDERSFIELD, tciwn, England, XII.
330; population, xxiv. 748.
HuDiBRAS, Samuel Butler's poem, IV.
589; VIII. 424.
Hudson, town. New York, U.S.A., xii.
331-
, mineral spring. New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvii. 400.
, George, English rajlwav promoter,
XII. 332.
, Henry, English navigator and
explorer, Xll. 332; xvii. 454; xxill.
730; his Arctic explorations, xix. 317.
, Jeffery, English dwarf, vii. 568.
HUDSONITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
Hudson River, United States, xil.
331; xvii. 451 J XXIIL 761, 792;
tunnel under, at New York, xvii.
465; xxiil. 623.
Hudson's Bay, Whale Jshery of, xxiv.
527.
Hudson's Bay Company, xii. 333; x.
190; XIX. 318; XXI. 827.
Hu6, town, Anam, Asia, xil. 333; vi.
96.
Huelva, province, Spain, Xil. 334;
XXII. 29S; toivn, XII. 334.
HUEN, Denmark, Tycho Brahe's obser-
vatory at, XVII. 709.
HUERTAS, irrigated plains, Spain, XXII.
299-
HUESCA, province, Spain, xil. 334;
XXII. 398.
HuESCA, town, 'Spain, xii. 334; univer-
sity of, XXIIL 839.
HUESCAR, town, Spain, XII. 335.
HUET, Pierre Daniel, French bishop
and scholar, XII. 335 ; his Huetiana,
I. 785.
HUFELAND, Christoph Wilhelm, Ger-
man physician, XII. 335.
, Gottlieb, German jurist, XII. 336.
Hug, Johann Leonhard, Swiss theo-
logian and Biblical critic, XIL 336.
Hugbaldus (Hucbald), mediaeval
musician, XII. 329; xvii. 80.
Huggens Collece, Northfleet, Eng-
land, XVII. 563.
HUGGINS, W., his observatory near
London, XVII. 711!
Hugh, St, of Avalon, bishop of Lincoln,
XII. 336.
, tlie Great, duke of France, IX. 536;
X. 483; XVII. 541.
— — , count of Vermandois, crusader,
VI. 624.
of Paris, scholastic theolosian,
XII. 337.
of St Cher, French cardinal and
scholar, XII. 337.
of St Victor, scholastic theologian,
XIL 337; XVII. 132; XXI. 425.
Capet, king of France, ix. 536.
Hughenden, district, Queensland, XX.
172.
Hughes, David Edwin, his type-print-
ing telegraph, XXIII. 120; his micro-
phone, XXIIL 129, 132.
Hugh Town, Scilly Isles, England,
XXI. 465.
Hug LI (Hooghly), river, district, and
town, India, xii. 147.
Hugo, or Hugh, coimt of Provence,
XIX. 877; XX. 787.
of St Victor, scholastic theologiatt,
XIL 337; XVII. 132; XXI. 425.
, Victor, French poet, IX. 676.
HucoLiN, Cardinal, his rule of Francis-
can nuns, IX. 699.
Hugubert (Hubert), St, bishop of
Liege, XII. 328.
Huguenots, French Protestahts, xii.
337; IX. 559, 560; in the Cevennes,
IV. 743; under Henry IV., XL 671;
organization of, at La Rochelle, IX.
567; in relation to Presbytcrianism,
XIX. 693.
, Les, Meyerbeer's opera, xvi. 222.
H ui N EILL, dynasty of Irish kings, xill.
250.
HuiSNE, river, France, XVIII. i.
Huitzilopochtli, war-god of Aztecs,
XVI. 211; XVIL 150; temple of, at
Mexico, XVI. 221:
HULAGU, Mongol prince, XVI. 588, 742.
HULEH, lake, Palestine, XIII. 746.
Hulks, The, for convicts, XIX. 751.
Hull, town, England, Xli. 340; XIV. 90;
population and representation, XXIV
748; fisheries, IX. 249.
H U L — H U R
217
Hull, town, Quebec, Canada, XX. 167.
, Isaac, American naval officer,
xxiii. 789.
HULNE Abbey, Northumberland, Eng-
land, I. 21; xvn. 568.
HULS, town, Prussia, XII. 342.
HULSE, John, English divine, XII. 342.
HULSEAN Lectureship, Cambridge
university, England, XII. 342.
HULVER, or HoU)', tree, xii. loi.
HUM.\IT.4, town, Paraguay, XVIII. 244.
Human Body, Anatomy of the, I. 819.
Humanism, Petrarch as founder of,
XVIII. 709; in relation to the Renais-
sance, XX. 381, 384, 391.
HUMANITARIANISM, VIII. 720; of
Leroux, Xiv. 471.
HUMANITY, Comte's religion of, VI. 237.
Human Nature, Butler's Sermons on,
IV. 5S7; Hume's Treatise of, XII. 351.
Human-Power, in mechanics, xv. 772.
Human Sacrifices, xxi. 136; in
Dahomey, VI. 767; in India, HI. 564;
Phc?nician, XVIII. 803; in Polynesia,
XIX. 426.
Human Understanding, Hume on
the, XII. 348; Locke on, vin. 425;
XIV. 756, 757.
Humavun Mausoleum, Delhi, India,
VII. 47.
Humber, river, England, viii. 216;
XIV. 654; XXIV. 747.
, river, Newfoundland, XVII. 382.
Humbert I.-III., princes of Savoy, xxi.
339-
Humble-Bee, insect, XII. 342.
HuMBOLnT, F. H. Alexander, Baron
von, German naturalist and traveller,
XII. 343; his explorations in South
America, X. 192.
, Karl WUhelm von, German states-
man and writer, XIT. 346.
, mountain ranges, U.S.A., xxiii.
798.
, river and lake, Nevada, U.S./
xvn. 367.
Humboldtilite, mineral, xvi. 412.
HUiME, David, Scottish philosopher and
historian,- XII. 346; on mental asso-
ciation, II. 730; as economist, XIX.
364; his ethics, VIII. 602; on evolu-
tion, VIII. 760; his logic, XIV. 793;
his metaphysics, XVI. 97; his view of
psychology, XX. ^S; his relations with
Principal Eobertson, XX. 600; with
Rousseau, XXI. 26; with Adam Smith,
XXII. 170; on scepticism, XXI. 381,
383; his relation to theism, XXin. 246;
his place in English literature, viii.
431, 432; Kanf s criticism of his philo-
sophy, XIII. 848; Reid's criticism, XX.
33'-
, Joseph, English political reformer,
XIL 355.
HUMEERPOOR, district and town, India,
XI. 423.
Humerus. Anatomy of the, i. 827.
Humerus, Lars Johansson, Swedish
poet, XII. 356.
Humidity, of the atmosphere, iii. 33;
XVI. 119; measure of, xn. 569.
HuMiliati, religious order, XII. 356.
Humite, mineral, XVI. 410.
Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, Hungarian
musical composer, XII. 356.
Humming-Bird, XII. 357; III. 745.
Hummuns, batlis, in England, III. 437.
Humphrey, Miss, GUlray's printseller,
X. 600.
Clinker, by Smollett, xxii. 185.
Hums (Hems), town, Syria, XI. 649.
Humulus, genus of plants, XIL 156.
Humus, as manure, xv. 509.
Hundred, territorial division, England,
XII. 360; VI. 513; viu. 273.
D.\ys,- The (1815), IX. 618; xvil.
223.
Hundred- Handers, of ancient legend,
XXL 321.
Hundred Plays, of the Yuen dynasty,
China, v. 666.
Hundred Years' War, between France
and England, ix. 545.
HuNEA, island. New Caledonia,, xvn.
376.
HuNERic, Vandal king, xxiv. 58.
Hungarian Language, xii. 374;
XVIII. 779J xxiv. 2j dictionaries of,
VII. 188.
Hungarian Leather, xrv. 389.
Hungarian Literature, xii. 375.
Hungarians, XII. 365; inTransylvania,
XXIII. 522; in Walachia, xxi. 16.
Hungarian Sisters, twin monsters,
XVI. 766.
Hungary, xii. 361 (index, 380); in.
115; early connexion of Moldavia
with, XXI. 18; under Deik, VII. 12;
invasipns of, by the Turks, XXIII.
642, 643; revolution in (1848), III.
137; coins of, XVIL 658; language,
XXIV. 2 ; libraries, Xiv. 527, 547;
mines, XVI. 468; periodical literature,
XVIII. 543. ; Presbyterianism in, XIX.
697 ; Rouman population of, xxiv.
270; win6' industry, xxiv. 610. See
also Auif'ria-Hungary.
Hunger, xvil 667.
Hung Sew-Tseuen, emperor of China,
v. 651.
Hung-Woo, emperor of China, v. 648.
Hunneeedden, Dutch dolmens, XXI. 52.
Huns, xii. 381; origin of, xxiii. 659;
early home of, XXIII. 639; under
Attila, III. 61; their invasion of the
Gothic dominions, X. 849; of Greece,
XL II 2 ; of the Roman empire, XX. 781;
in Italy, Xlll. 468; in tim« of Theo-
dosius I., XXIII. 257.
, White, or Khazars, XIV. 59; XViil.
610, 613; XXIII. 639.
Hunt, J. H. Leigh, English essayist,
XII. 382; his relations with Shelley,
XXI. 792.
Hunt, Walter, inventor of a sewing
machine, XXI. 718.
, William Henry, English painter,
XII. 384.
Hunter, horse, xn. 187, 194;
, river. New South Wales, XVII. 408.
, John, English physiologist and
surgeon, XIL 385; I. 815; XV. 816;
his discoveries in anatomy and sur-
gery, XXII. 676; his contributions to
zoological science, xxiv. 815; his
anatomical museum, I. 819; xii. 390.
, WOliam, English physiologist aijd
physician, xn. 391; I. 814; XV. 816;
his contributions to embryology, viii.
165; to zoological science, xxiv. 815.
Hunteri.\n Museum, London, i. 819;
XII. 390.
Hunter Mountain, CatskiUs, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 793.
Hunting, xii. 392; with the cheetah,
V. 457.
Huntingdon, county, England, xii.
397; population and representation,
XXIII. 727; town, XII. 398.
, Earldom of, xxi. 482,- 484; XXlIl.
476.
, Selina, Countesa of, Calviniatic
Methodist, XII. 399; her support of
Whitefield, XXIV. 551.
Huntington, Joseph, American Uni-
versalist, xxiii. 831.
Hunts (Huntingdon), county, England,
XIL 397; XXIII. 727
Hunyady, John, governor of Hungary^
XIL 367, 368; XXIIL 642.
, Matthias, king of Hungary, XII.
367, 368; XV. 634.
Hunza, state, on the upper Indus, X.
597-
Huon, river, Tasmania, XXIII. 72.
DE Bordeaux, early French epic,
iX. 638; XX. 653.
Islands, New Caledonia, Pacific,
XVII. 376.
Hupfeld, Hermann, German Orient-
alist, XII. 399; on the Pentateuch,
XVIII. 506.
Hurd, Richard, English bishop, XIL 399.
Hurdwar, town, India, XL 475.
HuREAULiTE, mineral, xvi. 404.
HURKA, river, Manchuria, , XV. 466.
HURMUZ (Ormus), town, on Persian
Gulf, XVII. 856.
HURN, William, English hymn-writer,
XIL 595.
Huron, Lake. North America, XXI.
178, 182.
Huronite, mineral, XVI. 418.
HURONS, American Indians, XII. 827,
831.
HuRREEANAH, district, India,-xi. 470.
Hurricane-Bird, ix. 7Sf
Hurricanes, XVI. 154; in West Indies,
XXIV. 511.
HuRRUR (Harar), town, North-East
Africa, xi. 454.
XXV. — 28
218
H U R — H Y D
HURTADO, Lnis, Spanish poet, xx. 656.
HURUL, Chronicle of, Roumania, xxi. 16.
Hus, or Huss (q-v.), John, XII. 404.
HUSAIN, shah of Persia, xviii. 639.
MiRZA, shah of Persia, XVIU. 632.
Husband and Wife, Law relating to,
Xli. 400; XV. 565; divorce of, vil. 300;
XXIV. 637; as witnesses, XXIV. 624.
Husbandmen, xiv. 166.
Husbandry, Book of, Fitzherherfs, I.
295.
HusCH, town, Moldavia, Xll. 402.
HUSEIN, or Hosain {q-v.), hero ol a
Moslem passion play, XI. 50S; xvm.
660.
HUSEYN Pasha, Turkish vizier, XXIII.
646.
Hushiarpur, district, India, xii. 402;
XX. 109; town, XII. 403.
HUSI (Husch), town, Moldavia, XII. 402.
HUSKISSON, AVilliam, English statesman
and financier, XII. 403.
Huss, or Hus, John, Bohemian Reformer,
XII. 404; XX. 322; his association
■with Jerome of Prague, XIII. 631.
Hussars, cavalry, v. 262.
HussEiN BousHREViEKi Persian Bab-
ist. III. iSo.
HusSEY, T. J., his observatory at
Hayes, England, XVII. 711.
HUSSHIEL, Eabbi, Talmudist, XXIII. 39.
HussiNECZ, to\™, Bohemia, Xll. 404.
Hussites, religious Eeformers, xil.
407; XX. 32:.
Hussite War, hi. S60; x. 495; xii. 407.
HusuM, town, Schleswig-Holstein, Xil.
40S.
HuszT, town, Hungary, Xll. 408.
HUTCHESON, Francis, Irish philo-
sopher, XII. 40S; on the sense of
beauty, 1. 221; his ethical system,
VIII. 601; his place in English litera-
ture, viri. 431.
Hutchinson, John, Englisli physicist,
XII. 411.
, Colonel John, Puritan soldier, XII.
411.
, Thomas, governor of Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XII. 4.12.
Hut Dwellings, Cornwall, England.
VI. 427.
Hutia, rat-like animal, Cuba, vi. 680.
Hutten, Ulrich von, German humanist,
xn. 412; X. 498, 528; his visit to
Rome, XX. ^25.
HUTTON, Chi'Tes, English mathema-
tician, XIL 414: oh the invention of
logarithms, Xvii. 181; his mathe-
matical tables, XXIII. II.
, James, geologist, xii. 414.
HUXHAM, John, English physician, XV.
815.
Huxley, Thomas Henry, on birds,
xviil. 34; his types of mankind, II.
113; on natural selection, XXIV. 79; on
the classification of reptiles, xx. 437,
his zoological classification, xxiv. 809.
Huy, town, Belgium, xil. 415.
Huygens, Christiaan, Dutch mathe-
matician and physicist, xri. 415; his
air-pump improvements, XIX. 246; as
astronomer, il. 755; his controversy
with Hooke, Xll. 149; on the law of
magnetic action, XV. 236; his micro-
meter, XVI. 242 ; his telescopes, XXIII.
136J on the undulatory theory of light,
XIV. 604, 610; on the plurality of
worlds, II. 740.
, Sir Constantijn, Dutch poet and
diplomatist, XII. 417, 9,.
Huysmann Roelof (Agricola), scholar,
I. 290.
HuYSiL\NS, family of Flemish painters,
XIL 417.
HUYSUM, Jan van, Dutch painter, XIL
418.
Huzara, district, India, XL 546; XX.
109.
Huzaya, Joseph, Syriac writer, XXll.
836.
Hvaloer, islands, Norway, XVII. $7b.
HWANG-HO, or Hoang-ho, river, China,
V. 630; XVIIL 117; XXIII. 339.
Hwen TSANG, Cliinese traveller and
writer, XIL 418; xviii. loi; in India,
XII. 785.
HwicCAS, ancient tribe, England, xxiv.
666.
•HYACINTH, garden plant, Xll. 419, 256.
, precious stone, xill. 532
Hyacinthe, Fatlier (Hyacinthe Loy-
son), theologian, xvii. 754.
, Rene Theophile, French physician,
XV. 816.
Hyacinthia, festival,, at Sparta, 11.
186.
Hyacinthus, of Greek mythology, xii.
420; IL 186.
Hyades, in mrthology, XIL 450.
Hy^na, carnivorous mammal, XII.
420; XV. 437.
HY.ENODON, fossil carnivorous mam-
mal, XV. 442.
Hyalincecia Tubicola, species of
Annelida, II. 67.
Hyalite, mineral, xvi. 390.
Hyalophane, mineral, xvi. 420.
Hyalosiderite, mineral, xvi. 410.
Hyamia, town, Messenia, Greece, xvi.
53-
Hybernation, or Hibernation (q.v.),
XL 787.
Hybla, ancient towns, Sicily, XIL 421.
Hybrid Animals, xil 425.'
Hybridism, xil 422.
Hybrid Plants, xil 216, 423.
Hydah, people, North America, XIL
826.
H'iTJASPES (Jhelum), river, India, XIV.
10; reached by Alexander, i. 484.
Hyde, town, England, xii. 426.
, Anne, wife of James, duke of Yu;k
(James 11. of England), v. 806; xill.
559-
Hyde, Edward, first earl of Clarendcn,'
v. 804.
, Thomas, English Orientalist, XlL
426.
Park, London, xiv. 824.
Hyder, or Haidar, Sheikh, ruler of
Persia, xvill. 634.
Hyderabad, territory, Central India,
XII. 42S; town, XII. 429.
, district, Sind, India, xil. 429;
tovra, XII. 430.
Hyder Ali, Mohammedan leader m
India, XIL 427, 803; xvii. 124.
Hydra, island and town, Greece, xil.
430.
, genus of Hydrozoa, XIL 547.
HydraCHNIDES, family of Arac> ^ida,
II. 276.
Hydr.\crylic Acid, xiv. 197.
Hydradephaga, group of beetles, vi.
130.
Hydrangea, greenhouse plant, xn.
431, 262.
H-vt>rargillite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Hydrargyrum (Mercury), metal and
chemical element, xvi. 31.
Hydrate of Chloral, xvii. 232.
Hitirates, in metallurgy, Xvl. 61.
Hydraulic Lift, xil 520; yv.
574-
Hydraulic Press, xv. 753; invention
of, IV. 213.
Hydblaulic Ram, Montgolfier's, iv.
173-
Hydraulics, practical hydrodynamics,
XIL 435, 459; Papiu's inventions in,
xviil 229; TorriceUi's discoveries In,
xxin. 453.
Hydrazines, nitrogenous carbon com-
pounds, XVII. 519.
Hydria, ancient Greek vase, Xix. 614.
Hydrides, in chemistry, v. 476, 544.
Hydroboracite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Hydrocarbons, in chemistry, v. 556;
xviiL 237.
Hydrocephalus, disease, xil 431 j
XVL 763.
H YDROCHEUDON, genus of birds, XXllL
1S9.
HydrochloricAcid,V,678; as poison,
XIX. 279.
Hydrccorallin.*;, order of Hvdrozoa,
XII. 563.
Hydrocyanic ACID, xx. 22; from the
cherry laurel, XIV. 348; as i)oisou,_
XIX. 278.
Hydrodynamics, xil 435, 445; xix.
241 ; place of, among the sciences, XIX.
2; D. Bernoulli's work on, iii. 606;
Pascal's discoveries in, xviii. 33S.
Hydrodynamometer, for measurimt
velocity of lie^uids, XII. 508.
Hydrogen, chemical element, xii. 433;
V. 478; used for balloons, I. 1S8; deter-
mination of, V. 544 ; in iron, xill.
284 ; peroxide of, discoi'ered by
Th^nai'd, .XXIII. 252 ; as plant food.
H Y D — H Y T
219
XIX. 48; spectrum of, XXII. 375 ;
thennometric properties of, XI. 574.
Hydrogens, Phosphuretted, xviii.817.
Hydrographic Department, of the
British Admiralty, XVii. 262.
Hydrokineter, for steam boilers, xxil.
500.
Hydromagnesite, mineral, XVI. 399.
Hydromechanics,- Science of, xil.
435-
HydromeduS/E, subclass of Hydrozoa,
XII. 559.
Hydromel, fermented drink from
honey, XII. 137.
Hydrometer, for determining densi-
ties, XII. 536.
HYDROPARASTATiE,or Aquarians, early
Christian sect, II. 217.
Hydropathy, system of medical treat-
ment, XII. 542; III. 438, 440.
Hydrophane, mineral, XVI. 390.
HYDROPHID.E, family of snakes, XXII.
193, 197.
Hydrophite, mineral, xvi. 415.
Hydrophobia, disease, xii. 545; xx.
199.
Hydrophyta, order of plants, i. 507.
Hydrorhachis, bodily deformity, xvi.
763-
Hydrostatic Paradox, as basis for
perpetual motion, XVill. 554.
Hydrostatics, xii. 435, 440; place
of, among the sciences, XIX. 2;
figure of the earth as a problem in,
VII. 600. •
Hydrotalcite, mineral, xvi. 3S8.
Hydrotropism, in plants, xix. 60.
Hydroxides, in chemistry, v. 485.
Hydrozincite, mineral, XVI. 399.
H ydrozoa, division of animal kingdom,
XII. 547.
Hydruntum, or Hydrus (Otranto),
ancient Greek town, Italy, xviii. 68.
Hyeres, town, France, XII. 565; popula-
tion, xxiv. 69.
Hyetometer, rain gauge, XX. 256.
Hyetometrograph, Hermann's, xx.
257.
Hygiene, xii. 566; naval, xvii. 297.
Hyginus, Caius Julius, Roman author,
XII. 569.
Gromaticus, writer on surveying,
XII. 569.
Hygrometer, Amonton's, i. 746;
Deluc's, VII. 54; Saussure's, vii. 54;
XXI. 324.
Hygrometry, measurement of humi-
dity, XII. 569; of atmosphere. III. 32.
Hygrophilite, mineral, xvi. 425.
Hyksos, shepherd kings, Egj'pt, Vll.
735-
Hylactes, genus of birds, XXIII. 49.
Hylobates; genus of apes, II. 150.
Hylozoism, Stoic doctrine of, xxil.
563.
Hymen, in Greek legend, xii. 571.
HyheNjEUS, in Greek legend, xil. 571.
Hymenium, in reproductive system of
lichens, XIV. 554,
Hymeno.mycetes, suborder of Fungi,
IX.832; XXIV. 127; as parasites, XVIII.
267.
Hymenoptera, order of insects, Xll.
571; II. 94; XIII. 148.
Hvmettus, mountain, Greece, in. 58;
honey of, XII. 138.
Hymns, xn. 577; musical history of,
XVII. 85; Assyrian, in. 191.
Hy NeilL, early Irish dynasty, XIII.
250.
Hyoid Bone, Anatomy of the, I.
825.
Hyoscyamine, vegetable alkaloid, XI.
651.
Hyoscyamus, genus of plants, XI. 650;
XVII. 231.
Hyp^THROS, in architecture, II. 466.
Hypatia of Alexandria, Pagan martyr,
XII. 596; XVII. 337; her scientific
treatises, I. 511; her death attributed
to CyrU, VI. 751.
, C. Kingsle/s novel, XIV. 89.
Hyperjemia, disease, xiii. 100.
Hyperbola, in geometry, vi. 278; X.
398; mensuration of, xvi. 20.
Hyperbolic Antilogarithms, Tables
of, xxiii. 14.
Hyperbolic Logarithms, Tables of,
xxiii. 12.
Hyperbolic Trigonometry, xxiii.
570.
Hyperboloid, Mensuration of the, xvi.
27-
Hypergsusia, disease, xxill. 80.
Hyperides, Attic orator, xil. 596;
ancient MS. of, xviii. 146.
Hyperidrosis, skin disease, xxil.
120.
Hyperion, Hdlderlin's work, xii. 58.
, Keats's poem, XIV. 23.
, Longfellow's work, XIV. 860.
Hypermetropia, defect of the eye,
VIII. 820; XVII. 785; spectacles for,
XXIL 372.
Hyperoodon, genus of Cetacea, XV.
396; XXIV. 525.
Hyperparasitism, xviii. 261.
Hyperpyrexia, disease, xx. 517.
Hypersthene, mineral, xvi. 415.
Hypertrophy, abnormal increase of
bodily organs, XII. 597; XXII. 687.
HypHjE, cells of Fungi, IX. 827.
H\THi;NE, genus of palms, xvill.
190.
Hyphasis (Sutlej), eastern limit
reached by Alexander, I. 484.
Hyphear, parasitic plant, xvi. 527.
Hypnosia, disease, xxii. 157.
Hypnotics, narcotic drugs, xvii. 230.
Hypnotism, ii. 205; xv. 277; among
the Greeks, II. 505. y
Hypoblast, in animal development, II.
51; VIIL 746; XXII. 106.
Hypocaust. Roman stove, xxil. 579.
HVPOCHONDRIASIS, disease, XII. 598.
Hypoderma, -in vegetable histology,
XII. 18.
HypodermI/E, order of Fungi, ix.
831.
Hypogene Action, in geology, x.
240.
Hypoceomys, genus of rodent mam-
mals, XVII. 6.
HvpoCEUSl.'i, disease, XXIII. 80.
Hypolais, genus of birds, xxiv. 553.
Hypomesus, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
Hvponitrous Acid, v. 514.
Hypostasianism, early Christian
dogma, XVI. 719.
Hypostilbite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Hypothec, in law, xn. 598; xx. 403;
its effects on agriculture, I. 407.
Hypothecium, in reproductive system
of lichens, XIV. 554.
Hypotricha, order of Protozoa, xix.
863.
Hypotvposes, Clement of Alexandria's
work, V. 820.
Hypoxanthite, mineral, XVL 425.
Hypozoa, or Protozoa {q.v.), Skeletal
structures of, XXII. 106.
HYPSILANTES,orHypsilanti, Alexander,
modern Greek leader, XI. 125; XXIII.
649.
Hypsiprymnodon, genus of marsupial
mammals, xiil. 841.
Hypsiprymnus, genus of tfiarsupial
mammals, XIII. 840.
Hypsipyle, of Gr&k legend, xiv.
437-
Hypsometer, boilirig-point thermo-
meter, XXIII. 292.
Hypsometry, determinations of height,
in surveying, XXII. 713.
Hyracodon, extinct ungidate mammal,
XV. 42S; XX. 523.
Hyracoidea, suborder of ungulate
mammals, XV. 422.
Hyrax, genus of ungulate mammals,
xn. 598; XV. 423.
Hyrcania, province. Western Asia,
xn. 599; XVIII. 5S6, 588, 592, 603.
Hyrcanus, John, I.-II., Jewish high
priests, XII. 599; XIII. 423.
Hys.mine and Hysminias, Greek
romance, xx. 636.
Hyson, variety of tea, xxiii. 99.
Hyssop, plant, xn. 599, 289.
Hysterectomy, in surgery, xxn.
691.
Hysteria, disease, xn. 600; xiii. loi,
loS.
Hystero-Epilepsy, disease, XII. 601.
Hvstricomorpha, Hystricid/E, sec-
tion and family of rodent mammals,
XV. 420.
Hvstrix, genus of rodent mammals,
XII. 416; XIX. 518.
Hythe, to-vvn, England, XII. 601; XIV.
39; school of musketry at, II. 586.
220
I — I D E
T the ninth letter Of the alphabet, XII.
■'■' 602.
Ialysus, hero of Rhodes, Protogenes's
picture of, XIX. S28.
, town, Rhodes, XX. 526.
Iambic Verse, Greek, xi. 139.
Iamblichus, Syrian Neoplatonist, XII.
602; XVII. 337.
, Greek novelist, xx. 634.
Iapygian Language, xiv. 327.
Iapygians, early Italian race, XIII. 443.
Iasitheus (Rapliael Fabretti), Italian
antiquary, viii. 840.
Iatro-Physical Schools, of medi-
cine, XV. Sio.
lAVOHAiKA, mountain, Madagascar,
XV. 168.
IBADAN, town, AVest Africa, xii. 604;
XXIV. 754.
Ibarra, town, Ecuador, xii. 604.
Ibas, S}Tiac writer, XXII. 829.
Iberia, ancient Spain, xxii. 304.
Iberians, race of people, Spain, xil.
604; IX. 527,
IBERUS (Ebro), river, Spain, vil. -619.
Ibex, ungulate manmial, xii. 605; I.
633; XV. 432.
Ibiripitanga, Brazu wood, iv. 226.
Ibis, bird, xii. 606.
Jbn Abdalhakam, Arab historian,
XXIII. 3, 5.
IBN Abdallah, founder of 'the Abno-
hades, i. 593.
IBN Abd Rabbihi, Arab historical
writer, XXIII. 4.
Ibn Abi-Amir (Almanzor), sovereign of
Cordova, xv. 500; x.xii. 314.
Ibn Abi Osaieiya, xvi. 596; xxiii. 5.
Ibn Adhari, Arab historian, xxiii. 5.
Ibn al-Arabi, Arab philologist and
historian, XXIII. 3.
Ibn al-Ashath, pretender to the cali-
phate, XVI. 572.
Ibn al-Athir, Arab historian, xxili. 4.
Ibn al-Jauzi, Arab historical writer,
XXIII. 4.
Ibn al-Wardi, Arab historian, xxili.
5-
Ibn AMiD(Elniacin), Egyptian historimj,
VIII. 152; XXIII. 5.
Ibn Arabshah, Arab historian, xxiii
5-
Ibn Asakir, Arab historian, xxili..
Ibn Badja (Avempace, q.v.), Spanish
Moslem philosopher, II. 269.
Ibn Batuta, Moorish traveller ana
writer, XII. 607; X. 179.
Ibn Ezra (Abenezra), i. 36.
Ibn Gebirol (Avicebron, q.v.), Jewish
mystic. III. 152.
Ibn Habib, Arab historian, xxill. 3, 5.
Ibn Hajar, Arab writer, xxiii. 5.
Ibn Hisham, editor of Ibn Ishak, xxill.
2.
Ibn Ish.\k, biographer of Mohammoii,
XVI. 596; XXIII. 2.
Ibn Iyas, Arab historian, xxiii. 5.
Ibn Junis (Ibn 5runus), Arabian astro-
nomer, II. 751.
Ibn Juzai, Mohammod, editor of Ibn
Batuta's travels, XI i. 608.
Ibn Kemal, Turkish writer, xxiii. 656.
Ibn Khaldoun, Arab historian and
poet, XII. 609; XXIII. 5.
Ibn Khallikan, Arab writer, xii. 609;
XXIII. 5.
Ibn Khidash, Arab historian, xxiil. 3.
Ibn Khordadhbeh, author of Arabic
itinerary, XVI. 596.
Ibn Kotaiba, Ai-ab historian, xvi. 590;
XXIII. 3.
Ibn Masud, editor of the Koran, xvi.
605.
Ibn Mokaffa, translator of Kalilah
and Dimnah, ill. 666; xvill. 134.
Ibn Nishati, Urdu writer, XI. 848.
Ibn Roshd (Averrocs, 5.1;.), Ai-ab philo-
sopher and physician, III. 149.
Ibn Saud, Wahhabite prince of Arabia,
XVII. 774. ,
Ibn Shihna, Arab historian, xxiii. 5.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna, q.v.), Arab philo-
sopher and physician. III. 152.
Ibn Sjeddad (Bohaddin), Arabian
writer and statesman, III. 859.
Ibn ToFAlL(Abubacer),Spanish Moslem
philosopher, II. 269.
Ibn Wadih, or Yakubi, Ai-ab historian,
XXIII. 3.
Ibn Zobair, Abdallah, pseudo-caliph,
XVI. 568, 570.
IbnZohr (Avenzoar), Arab physician,
III. 145; XV. 805.
Ibo, district, West Africa, XII. 610.
, town, Mozambique, Africa, XVI I. 7.
Group, of Negroes, Africa, XVII.
319.
Ibrahim, caliph, xvi. 576
, Turkish sultan, xxill. 645.
Nival, Seljuk ruler, XXI..634.
Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, xii. 610;
VII. 764; XXIII. 650; his conquest of
the Arabs, II. 261.
iBRAlL.'i, town, Roumania, xil. 610.
Ibsen, Henrik, Norwegian dramatist
and poet, XVII. 591.
Ibu (Ibo), district. West Africa, XII. 610.
Ibycus, Greek poet, XIL 611.
ICA, town, Peru, xil. 611.
l^."^, river. South America, VI. 153.
ICARI.4, genus of insects, XXIV. 39^.
ICCIODURUM (Issoire), ancient town,
Prance, XIII. 432.
Ice, xii. 611; geological action of, x.
2S0, 281, 366; strength of, VII. 816;
formation of, in Baltic Sea, III. 295;
in Polar Regions, XIX. 328, 330; used
for preserving pro\-ision«, IX. 244 ;
XIX. 709
Iceberg, xii. 614; in Polar Regions,
XIX. 323, 330.
ICE-HOUSE, XII. 61 J.
Iceland, xii. 616; vii. 83; discovery
of, XXlH. 328; birds of, XVIII. 17;
church, VIII. 491; geysers, X. 557;
language, XII. 627; XXI. 368; libraries,
XIV. 549; literature, XII. 621; vii.
649; XXII. 201; newspapers, xvii.
430; periodical literature, xviil. 543.
Icelandic Language, xil 627; xxi.
368; dictionaries of, VII. 186.
Icelandic Literature, xil 621; vii.
649; XXII. 201.
Iceland Moss, lichen; xii. 62S; xiv.
560.
Iceland Spar, mineral, iv. 653; xv.
217; XVI. 397, 419; refraction of light
by, XIV. 609.
1-Chang, town, China, XII. 628.
ICH DiEN, motto, its origin, VI. 557.
Ichneumon, carnivorous mammal, xil.
629; XV. 436.
Ichneumon-Fly, parasitic insect, xil.
629, 576.
Ichthyology, xil 630; palajontologi-
cal, Agassiz's researches in, I. 275.
ICHTHYOPTERYGIA, order of fossil
reptiles, XX. 442.
Ichthyosaurus, extinct reptile, xii.
695.
Ichthyosis, skin disease, xxii. 121.
ICILIUS, Karl G. G. von Quintus, his
magnetic experiments, XV. 254.
ICKNiELD Street (Via Iceniana),
Roman road, England, VII. 372; Roman
remains on, XVIII. 94.
I COD DE LOS Vinos, town, Canary
Islands, IV. 799.
ICOLMKILL (lona), island, Scotland.
XIII. 203.
ICONIUM (Konieh), ancient town, Asia
Minor, XV. 12.
ICONXDCLASM, ICONOCLASTS, XH. 7III
XL 114; XIV. 453.
ICONOGRAPHY, classification of engraved
prints, VIII. 445.
Icos.-VHEDRON, in geometry, X. 388.
ICOSIUM (Algiers), ancient town. North
Africa, XV. 637.
Icterus, genus of birds, XII. 6>,
, disease, XIII. 59S
ICTINUS, Greek architect, II. 359.
ICULISMA (Angouleme), ancient town,
France, II. 46.
Ida, king of Bernicia, England, xvii.
569.
, mountain, Crete, vi. 569.
, mountains, Asia Jlinor, XXIII.
578.
Idaho, Ten-itory, U.S.A., xii. -697 ;
population, XXIII. S02.
IDALIUM, Cyprus, Antiquities at, vi.
750.
IDANTHYRSUS, Scythian king, XXI.
576, 577-
IDDAH, town. West Africa, XVII. 497.
Idea, The World as Will and, Sc'^o-
penhauer's work, XXI. 450.
Idealism, Berkeley's, in. 591; Hegel's,
XL 618; Kant's, XIIL S50; Schopen-
hauer's, XXI. 457; Spinoza's, V. 152.
I D E — I L Z
221
Ideality, in phrenology, xviii. S45.
Idealization, iii the fine arts, ix.
2IO.-
Ideas, Plato's doctrine of, xiv. 785;
XIX. 205; Philo's, xvill. 761; Xeno-
crates's, xxiv. 718.
, Association of, II. 730; VII. 458;
VIII. 607; XX. 60; Thomas Brown on,
IV. 388; Hartley on, xi. 498.
, Innate, xvi. gi; Descartes on, V.
146; Leibnitz on, Xiv. 422; Locke on,
XIV. 758.
Ideation, in psychology, xx. 58, 69, 76^
ID^ES Napoleoniennes, treatise by
Louis Napokon,"XVlI. 227.
iDENSALili, town, Finland, xxiv. 209.
Identity, Mental perception of, xx.
80; idea of, in metaphysic, XVI. 83;
principle of, Condillac on the, VI. 250
Ideograms, or Ideographs, hiero-
glyphics, I. 603; XIII. 114.
Ideology, De Tracy's, xxiil. 497.
Idero (Hydra), island, Greece, XII,
43°-
Ides, in Eoinan calendar, iv. 665.
Idiocy, form of insanitj', xui. 97.
Idiot Boy, The, Wordsworth's ballad,
XXIV. 670.
Idiots, Weights of brain of, I. 880.
Idle, toAvn, England, xii. 69S.
, river, England, xvil. 598.
Idler, The, by Johnson, XIII. 724.
IDOCRASE, mineral, XVL 410.
Idola, or Classes of Error, enumerated
by Bacon, III. 212.
Idolatry, xii. 698, 710; condemned
in the Koran, XVI. 599.
IDOMENEO, Re di Creta, Opera by
Mozart, XVII. 10.
.'DRIA, 10%^^!, Austria, XII. 699; quick-
silver mines of. III. 12a
Idrialine, mineral wax; xvill. 113.
Idrialite, mineral, XVI. 429.
I DRISI (Edrisi), Arabian geographer, vii.
669; X. 177.
IDUJIEA, district, south of Palestine, Xll.
6J9.
Idutwya Reserve, South Africa, xill.
817.
Idyl, in literature, xviii. 345.
Ierapetra, town, Crete, vi. 572.
IFFLAND, Aagust Willielm, German
dramatist, xil. 699.
Iffley, Oxfordshire, England, Church
at, XVIII. 94.
IGBO (Ibo), district. West Africa, xil.
610.
IGIDI, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 149.
IGLAU, town, Mora\-ia, XII. 700.
Iglesias, to^vn. Sardinia, XII. 700;
XXL 309.
iGLO, town, Hungary, Xll. 700.
Ignatius, early Christian ^vriter, II.
196; on the Gospels, x. S15, 823; his
letters, nix. 489; Ciireton's edition
of them, VI. 710; liis relations with
'Rnlvcarp. xix. 414-
Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople,
xviii. 819 ; supported by Pope
Nicholas I., xvii. 4S3.
Igneous Rocks, in geology, x. 307.
Ignis Fatuus, or WiU-o'-the-Wisp,
xviiL 813.
-Ignorantines, French religious
brotherhood, XII. 7cxd.
Igolotes, or Igorrotes, race, Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 753.
Igor, Russian chief, XXI. 87, 104.
Igorrotes, or Igolotes, race, Philip-
pine Islands, xviii. 753.
Igualada, town, Spain, :ui. 7C'0.
Iguana, Hzard, xii. 700; xiv. 735.
I-guanodon, fossil reptUe, XiL 701 ;
XX. 442.
Iguvine (or Eugubine) Tables, viii.
663.
IGUVIUM (Gubbio), ancient town, Italy,
XL 243; XXIII. 724.
Ihibha, or Denha, Syriac writer, XXII.
84S.
IHRE, Johan, Swedish philologist, XI.
200; xxiL 755.
Ikan Prut, fish, Java, xiii. 606.
Ikj, island, Japan, XIIL 569.
IKIRUN, town. West Africa, XXIV.
754-
Ikuvio (Gubbio), ancient to^vn, Italy,
XI. 243.
ILA (New Kuldja), to\vn. Central Asia,
XIV. 154.
ILATS, or Hiyats, Tiu-coman tribes in
Persia, XVIIL 627; XXIII. 661.
Ilchester, to^vn, England, XII. 702.
1le-de-France, district, France, xil.-
702.
Ilerda (Lerida), Roman town, Spain,
XIV. 470.
Ilesha, to\vn. West Africa, XXIV.
754-
Ileum, or Small Intestine, Anatomy of
the, VII. 226; XVII. 668.
Ilex, genijs of trees, xii. loi; xv. 627;
XVII. 694
ILFRACOJIBE, town, England, XII, 702./
IlHAVO, town, Portugal, XII. 702.
iLi, river, Central Asia, Xll. 702; XXI.
640.
Ili.\d, Homeric poem, XI. 137; xil. 117;
Quintus Smymreus's continuation,
XX. 188; ancient MSS. of, xviii. 146;
Earl Derbj^'s translation of, vil. 112.
Ilici (Elche), ancient tovra, Spain, vil.
827.
ILIGH, to\\Ti, Morocco, XVI. S34.
Iliniza, mountain, Ecuador, vil. 645.
Ilion, or Troy, ancient town, Asia
Minor, XXIII. 579.
iLiPULA (Loja), ancient town, Spain, Xiv.
810.
ILISSUS, river, Greece, III. 60; XI. 82.
Ilium, or Troy, ancient town, Asia
Minor, XXIII. 579; coins of, XVII. 646.
, or Haunch-Bone, Anatomy of the.
Iliyats, Turcoman tribes in Persia,
XVIII. 627; XXIII. 661.
Ilkeston, town, England, xn. 705;
xvn. 598.
Ilkhans, Mongol empire of the, xvi.
742.
ILKHANY, Tables of the, Mongol astro-
nomical work, X. 178.
Ill, river, Germany, xx. 519.
Illawarra, lake. New South Wales,
XVII. 408.
Ille-et-Vilaine, department, France,
XII. 703.
Illegitimacy, in law, iii. 426; sta-
tistics of. III. 427.
Illiger, Johann K. W., on birds, xvm.
14, 22.
Illinois, State, U.S.A., xii. 703; popu-
lation, XXIII. 802.
Illoricata, division of Eotifera, XXl.
8.
ILLUMINANTS, for lighthouses, XIV.
626.
Illuminated Borders, of books,
XXIII. 696.
Illuminated Manuscripts, vi. 451;
XII. 707.
Illuminati, mystic sects, xii. 700.
Illumination, by flame, ix. 282;
intensity of, XIV. 582; of lighthouses,
XIV. 618.
, of written or printed texts, Xll.
707; XVL 437; XXIIL 682.
, The, or Aufklarung, in Germany,
XX. 2 89.
Illuminator, St Gregory, xi. 179.
Illumines, French mystic sect, xil.
706.
Illunum (Hellin), ancient to-^vn, Spain,
XI. 637.
Illusions, in magic, xv. 207; optical,
II. 205.
Illustr.\ted Newspapers, xvii. 419.
Illyria, or Illyricum, country, Eastern
Europe, Xll. 709; invasion of, by
Rome, XX. 748; coins of, xvil.
641.
Illyricum, country, Eastern Europe,
XII. 709.
Ilmen, Lake, Russia, xvil, 606 ; xx.
35; XXI. 73.
ILMENAU, town, Germany, xxi. 349.
Ilmenite, mineral, xvi. 3S6; polarity
of, XIX. 313.
Ilobu, town, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
ILOILO, town, Philippine Islands, xvm.
752.
ILOPANGO, lake, Central America, xxi.
268.
iLORi, or Ilorin, town. West Africa, xii.
710; xxiv. 754.
ILOVLA, river, Russia, XXI. 304.
Iltchi, to v.-n,. Turkestan, XXIII. 639.
ILURO (Oloron), ancient towD, France,
XVII. 765.
iLZSTAijT, .^uDnro of Passau, Bavaria,
xvin. 344
222
I M A — I N D
Image, on the retina, vm. 817.
Books, or Block Books, ill. 652;
XXIII. 6S2.
Images, Mental, xx. 5S.
Image Worship, xii. 71a
IMAGINARIES, Theory of, in equations,
VIII. 501.
Imagination, in psychology, xx. 57;
in the fine art-s, IX. 210; poetic, xix.
263; productive, Kant on, xiii. 852;
Gassendi's theory of, X. 106; Spinoza
on, v.'i53; Wordsworth's theory, xxiv.
672.
Imagines, worE by Philostratus, xvill.
797-
, work by Varro, xxiv. 93.
Imago, fully developed butterfly, iv.
594-
Imam, Mohammedan priest, xil. 714;
XVI. 592; XIX. 730; XXII. 662.
Imamba, snake, in Natal, XVII. 241.
IMANDRA, lake, Russian Lapland, XI v.
305-
Imaus, Northern, of Ptolemy, Pamir
plateau, xviii: 102.
IMBABURA,. mountain, Ecuador, VII. 644.
Imbecility, modification of idiocy, xili.
97-
lMBR-\, deity of Afghan Kafirs, xill. 822.
I-MBROS, island, ^gean Sea, XII. 714.
IJIERINA, district, Madagascar, XV. 168.
IMERITI.\, district, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XII. 715; XXIII. 513.
IMERITI.\NS, race of people, Caucasus,
V. 257.
IMHOTEP, Egyptian divinity, vii. 718.
IMITATIO Christi, the question of its
authorship, xiv. 32.
Imitation, in fine art, ix. 202.
, a basis of language, xviil. 767.
Imitativeness, in phrenology, xviii.
845.
Imlay, Captain Gilbert, his relations
Tvith Mary WoUstonecraft, X. 716.
Imjia, wife of Eginhard, vii. 698.
Imm.\cul.\te Conception of B. V.
Mary, Roman Catholic dogma, xil.
715; XV. 590; XVII. 754; at the council
of Trent, xxiii. 546; declaration of,
as article of faith, xix 159; Duns
Scotus's defence of, Vll. -45.
Imm.\nes, order of birds, x nii. 44.
IMMERJI.\NN, Karl Leberecht, German
dramatist, xil. 716; x. 543.
Immersions, Long, by swimmers,
XXII. 771.
Immigration, at New York, xvii.
460.
Immortality of the Soul, viii. 535;
Aristotle on, 11. 522; Butler on, iv.
5S4; Plato on, XIX 199; Augustine's
work on, ill. 77.
Immortelle, plant, xn. 716.
Immrams, class of Irish legends, v. 310.
Immunities, Ecclesiastical, Church of
Rome, XX. 630.
Immunity, in law, xix. 764.
IMOLA, town, Italy, XII. 717.
iMP.iCT, in mechanics, XV. 719.
Impasting, in painting, xviu. 13S.
Impeachment, in law, xii. 717; by
English parliament, viii. 319; of
peers, XV 1 11. 313.
Impenetrability, Perception of, in
psychology, XX. 56.
IMPENNES, group of birds, XVIII. 45.
IMPERATOR, Roman title, lii. 80; viii.
179; XX. 769.
IMPERFORATA, Buhclass of Protozoa,
XIX 845.
I.MPERi.\L, Francisco, Spanish poet,
XXII. 355.
Cities, of Germany, ix. 747.
Impetigo, skin disease, xxn. 123.
Implements, of husbandry, 1. 311.
Imports, National, Table of, per head,
XVII. 247; taxes on, XXIII. 89.
Impost, in architecture, 11. 466.
Impotence, in man, xv. 77S; xxl 576.
Impregn.ation, of o-vnm, xx. 417.
I.MPRESSIONS, Mental, XX. 57 ; Hume
on, XII. 352.
Impressment, ^ of English labourers,
XIV. 167; for the navy, XVII. 295;
XXI. 605.
Imprisonment, xix. 747.
Improvements of L.4nd, Law relating
to, XIV. 275, 277.
Imvro (Imbros), island, .Sgean Sea, XIL
714.
Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic,
XXIII. 576.
Inara, lake, Russian Lapland, xiv. 305.
Inarime (Ischia), island, Italy, XIII. 385.
Inarus, Egyptian prince, xviii. 574.
Incamminati, Italian academy of
painting, v. 81.
Incandescence, as a source of light,
XIV. 579.
Inc.\ndesce'nt Electric Lamp, xiv.
632.
lNC.\NT.^Tl0NS,MagicaI,XV.i99; VII. 63.
INCA Re.mains, Ecuador, vii. 64S.
Incarnation, Doctrine of the, xill.
670; Athanasius on, II. 828; Nestorius
on, XVII. 356; Theodore on, XXIII. 255.
Incas, or Yncas, Empire of the, Peru, I.
697, 69S; IV. 17; XVIII. 677.
Incense, burnt perfume, xn. 718; ix.
709
— - Cups, so-called, xix. 602.
Incest, xii. 722.
Inchbald, Elizabeth, English drama-
tist, XII. 722.
Incidence of Taxation, xxiii. 87.
Incident, The, in Scottish history
(1641), -XXL 513.
Inclosure Commission, Englana,
XIV. 266.
Inclosure of Commons, vi. 210.
Income, National, xvii. 247.
Tax, xxiil 88; Pitt's, ix. 1S7.
Incopresentabilitv, in psycholog)',
XX. 46.
Increment, The tTneamed, in econo-
mics, XIV. 267.
INCUB.\TI0N, of birds. III. 775; varia-
bility of instinct illustrated from,"
XIII. 158.
Incubus, dream aemon, vii. 02.
Incunabula, early specimens of typo-
graphy, III. 653.
Indemnity, Acts of, xviii. 272.
Independency, Milton's relation to,
XVI, 330.
independents, religious denomination,
XIL722; VI. 268; riseof the, VIII. 347;
English, their relation to Presbyterian-
ism, XIX. 686.
Index, xii. 729.
ExpuRG.\TORlus,of Roman Catho-
lic Church, XII. 730; of the Inquisition.
XIX. 714.
Librorum Prohibitorum, of
Roman Catholic Church, XII. 730; III.
659; XX. 630.
Numbers, in statistics, xxii.
466.
India, country, Asia, xil. 731 (index,
812); 11. 685; antiquity and persist-
ency of its civilization, 11. 700; under
Clive, VI. 9; under the marquis of
Dalhousie, VI. 777; English measures
for, VIII. 342, 356, 359, 367; Fox's
policy for (1783), xix. 139; invasion
of, by Alexander, xn. 786 ; xviii.
583; by Darius I., xvin. 569; by
Nadir Shah, xvill. 642; by Timur,
XXIIL 399; Mahrattas in, XV. 2S8; as
a Parthian satrapy, xviii. 586, 592;
Sikh war (1846), xiv. 371; Wellesley's
policy in, XXIV. 492 ; Wellington's
operations in, xxiv. 494; architecture
of, II. 394; army, II. 589; ancient astro-
nomy, II. 7.f6; XXI. 294; birds, IIL 761;
XVIII. 16; carpet manufacture, v. 129;
caste, V. 187; coalfields, vi. 58; coins,
XVII. 660; cotton supply and manu-
facture, VI. 4S3, 4S7; debt, xviL 247;
diamond mines, vii. 164; freshwater
fishes, XII. 671; forests, ix. 404; glass-
making, x. 651; infanticide in, xiii. 3;
irrigation works, XIII. 369; jute culture,
XIII. 800; land laws and customs, xiv.
262; languages, xviii. 784; libraries,
XIV. 533, 549 ; mines, XVL 469 ;
Christian missions, xvi. 513, 517;
Jesuit missions, XIII. 651; mosques,
XVI. 866; mytholog)-, xvn. 152;
newspapers, xvil. 432; observatories,
XVII. 716; ofllcial' rank in, XIX.
667 ; opium cultivation, xvii. 789 ;
pearl fisheries, XVIII. 447; periodical
literature, xvin. 539 ; pilgrimages,
XIX. 92 ; plague in, xix. 168; police
system, XIX. 341 ; post oSice, XIX.
578; prison system, XIX. 757; railways,
XX. 252; rainfall, XVL 151; raja-s
XX. 259; early religien, xxiv. 821;
reptiles, xx. 467; routes to, affecting
commerce, VL 201; tea culture, xxill.
I N D — I N G
223
99; European travellers in, X. iSS
trigonoraetrical survey of, XXII. 696
X. 191 ; universities, XXIII. 856
weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
India, History of, James Mill's, XVI. 307.
Indiana, State, U.S.A., xii. 813;
population, XXIII. 802.
, novel by George Sand, VII. 509.
Indianapolis,- to\vn, Indiana, U.S.A.,
XII. 814.
Indian Archipelago, xii. 815; dic-
tionaries of languages, VII. 191; rain-
fall of, XVL 151.
Indian B.\dger, carnivorous mammal,
XX. 288.
Indian Chronology, v. 71^,.
Indian Corn, or Maize, xv. 309.
Indian Cress, jjlant, xii. 285.
Indian E.mpire, Order of the, xiv. 124.
Indian Ink, xin. 80; xix. 88.
Indian Inscriptions, xiil iib.
Indian Millet, cereal plant, vii. 564.
Indian Mutiny(i857), 11.591; xii.809.
Indian Ocean, xii. 820.
Indian Pink, plant, xix. 107.
Indian Queen, Drydeu ^nd Howard's
tragedy, VII. 489.
Indians, Americ.-\M, xn. S22, 830; i.
6S5 ; displacement of, XXIII. 819;
languages of, XVIII. 780; dictionaries
of languages, VII. 192 ; mytholog)-,
XVII. 148; religions, xx. 364; totems,
XXIII. 467; Eliot's work among, VIII.
137; Penn's influence over, XVIII. 496;
of Costa Eica, VI. 450 ; of South
America, I. 89; of Colombia, VL 155;
of Peru, XVIII. 677.
Indian Steel, xiil 342.
Indian Territory, United States, xn.
S33; population, xxill. 802.
India-Rubber, xii. 835 ; elasticity of,
VII. 801,813; trees,ix. 154; XVili.673.
Indicator, genus of birds, xii. 140.
, in steam-engine, XXII. 476, 487,
490, 495.
INDICOLITE, mineral, XVi. 409.
INDICOPLEUSTES (Cosmas), cosmo-
grapher, VI. 445; X. 177.
INDICTION, Cycle of, IV. 670; V. 716.
Indictment, in law, xii. 842.
Indifference, Theory of, in scholastic
philosophy, XXI. 423.
Indices, epithet of Jupiter, xill. 780.
Indigestion, vii. 586.
INDICO, dyeing material, XII. 843 ; VI!.
576; colours from, IV. 689; XIX. 87;
cultivation of, in India, III. 508, 56S;
XII. 749.
INDICO-BIRD, XVII. 534.
Indigotin, pure indigo blue, XII. S43,
844.
Indium, chemical element, Xll. S44; v.
533-
INDIVIDUALITY, in living organisms,
III. 688.
Individuation, Principle of, in scho-
lasticism. XXI. 428.
Indo-Arabic Numerals, xvii. 627.
Indo-Chinese Languages, Diction-
aries of, vii. 191.
Indo-Chinese Race, ii. 697.
Indo-European Languages, xviii.
77S, 7S4 ; Semitic character of their
alphabets, I. 608.
Indo-Germanic Languages, xviii.
778, 784-
Indo-Homeric Group, of alphabets,
Lenormant's, I. 608.
I ndo- Iranians, of the Parthian empire,
XVIII. 606
Indonesians, Malay people, xv. 324.
INDORE, state, India, Xll. 845.
Indo-Scythia, xviil 599.
INDRA, ancient Hindu divinity, IV. 202;
XV. 90; XVII. 153.
Indr.^giri, kingdom, Sumatra, XXIL
639.
Indramayu, town, Java, xiii. 606.
lNDRAPUR.\, mountain, Sumatra, XXIL
63S.
INDRE, department, France, xn. 846.
, river, France, xiv. S06.
Indre-et-Loire, department, France,
XII. 846.
Indris, genus of kmurs, xiv. 441.
Induction, in algebra, L 523
, in philosophy, I. 797; XIV. 785,
789; Aristotle on, II. 516; Baconian
method of. III. 215; S<Scratic use of,
XXIL 236.
, Magnetic, XV. 224, 243, 250.
Indulgence, Indulgences, of Roman
Catholic Church, XII. 846; XVIII. 4S7;
decree respecting, in council of Trent,
XXIII. 550; Luther's opposition to,
XV. 72; sale of, XX. 326; Nicholas
V.'s, early printed books, XXIII. 6S4.
Indulph, or Indulf, king of Picts and
Scots, xviL 570; XXI. 479.
Indus, river, India, XII. 847, 732; IV.
21; XX. 107; XXIL 90; Alexandei-'s
voyage down, I. 4S4.
Industrial Reformatory Schools,
XX. 33S.
INEDIA, or Starvation, vii. 208.
Inermia, suborder of sponges, XXII.
423.
Inertia, 0:' matter, XV. 676; moment
of, IV. 28S; XV. 732; in steam-engine,
XXII. 510; Clerk Maxwell on, XV. 748.
Infallibility, Papal, Dogma of (1870),
XXIV. no; XIX. 158; XVII. 754; Leo
II. on, XIV. 449.
Infancy; Diet in, vii. 2cx); period of,
XV. 778.
Infant, inlaw, xiii. i; i. 279; guardian-
ship of, by the mother, X.XIV. 641.
, Condition of, in limbo, XIV. 646.
, of Spain, title, XIX. 738.
Infanticide, XIIL 3; ix. 481; xv. 780;
in China, V. 670; in India, I v. 211;
XII. 745; XV. 303; in Madagascar, XV.
173-
Infantry, of British army, 11. 580 (see
also article Army throughout); tactical
management of, xxiv. 353.
Infection, in diseases, xv. 796; xvin.
401 ; organisms causing, XXI. 407 ;
XXII. 680; in the plague, XIX. 162.
Inferno, Dante's, vi. 815.
Infinite, Infinitesimal, in mathe^
matics, XIII. 13, 14.
, The, as an implicit condition of
thought, XXIII. 246; as an object of
religious thought, XXIII. 246; idea of,
in Cousin's philosophy, VI. 526; in
Descartes's, v. 144; in Hamilton's, XL
418; in Locke's, XIV. 759; in Male-
branche's, V. 150; in Spinoza's, v. 155.
Infinitesimal Calculus, XIIL 5; xv.
630; XVI. 19; Kepler on, XIV. 47.
Infinity, in Zeno's paradoxes, xxiv.
778.
Infirmary, hospital, xii. 301.
Inflammation, diseases, xviii. 39S;
bronchiti.s, IV. 362; cystitis, XXIV. 1S8;
erysij5elas, VIII. 531; xviil. 398; men-
ingitis, XVI. II ; ostitis, XXIL 6S5;
otitis, VII. 594; peritonitis, XVIII. 547;
phlebitis, XXII. 684; pneumonia, Xix.
249. -See also XL 554, and articles
Ophthalmology and Throat Diseases.
Inflexible, British warship, xvii. 286.
Inflexion, of Aryan words, xviii. 7G9.
Inflorescence, in plants, iv. 121.
Influenza, disease, XIII. 73; in Poly-
nesia, xix. 422; of the horse, xxiv.
203.
Information, in law, xiii. 73.
Infusoria, or Protozoa, xix. 830;
skeletal structure; of, XXII. 106.
Ing^evoneS, anciett Germanic tribe, X.
473-
Ingauni, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiii.
446; xiv. 640.
Inge, Swedish king-, xx'i. 745.
Ingeborg, wife of Philip II. of France,
IX. 541.
INGELHEIM, Ober- and Kieder-, towns,
Germany, XIII. 73.
Ingemann, Benihard Severin, Danish
poet and novelist, XIII. 73; VIL 92.
Ingena (Avranches), ancient town,
France, III. 157.
INGFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege,
V. 787.
Ingleborough, mountain, England,
X-Xiv. 746.
Inglefield, Sir Edw-ard A., Arctic
e.xplorer, XIX. 322.
Ingoldsby Legends, by Barham, iii.
374-
Ingolstadt, to^vn, Bavaria, xiii. 74;
university of, xxill. S42.
Ingr.^ssias, John Philip, Sicilian
anatomist, i. 809.
Ingres, Jean Auguste Domirac|ue,
French painter, XIII. 74.
Ingulphus, or Ingulf, English abbot,
XIII. 76.
Incur, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
224
I N H — I N T
Inheritance, in law, xiii. 77; in
relation to intestacy, xiii. 197; to
primogeniture, XIX. 733; Indian caste
law of, V. 191; in Roman law, XX.
674, 692, 706, 713; rules of, among
aboriginal tribes, XXIII. 473.
, in animal-breeding. IV. 245. See
also Heredity.
, novel by Miss Ferrier, IX. iii.
Inia, genus of cetacean mammals, xv.
398- „
lNlSHMURRAY,islet,S15go, Ireland, XXII.
159- I
INISHTURK, island, Ireland, XV. 65a I
INISPATRICK, island, Ireland, vii.
495-
Initials, Book, xxiii. 686, 696.
INJECTIO, Manus, in Roman law, XX.
684.
Injector, for steam boilers, xxii.
500.
Injunction, in law, xiii. 78; in Roman
law, XX. 709.
Injuries, EodOy, xxii. 680; physio-
logical repair of, XVIII. 363.
Ink, xih. 79; lithograpluc, xiv. 698;
printing, XXIII, 708.
Inkpen Beacon, xxiv. 593.
Ink-Sac, of cuttlefish, vi. 736.
Inlaying, method of ornamentation,
XIIL 81.
Inn, river, tributary of Danube, viii.
213; xxiL 776.
Innerleithen, town, Scotland, xviii.
452.
Inner Temple, legal society, London,
XIII. 87, 89.
Innisfallen, island and monastery,
Ireland, XIV. 52, 76.
Innkeepers, Law relating to, xiii. 81.
Innkeepers' Lien, in law, xiv. 570.
Innocent I., pope, xiii. 82; xix.
491.
II., pope, XIII. 82; XIX. 500; XX.
792.
III., pope, XIII. 82, 474; XIX. 500:
XX. 795.
IV., pope, xin. 84, 475; XX. 796.
v., pope, XIII. S4.
VI., pope, XIIL 84; XX. Soi.
VII., pope, XIIL 84; XX. 804.
VIII., pope, XIII. 85; XX. 806.
IX., pope, XIII. 85.
X., pope, XIII. 85; XIX. 506.
XI., pope, XIIL 85; XIX. 506.
XII., pope, XIIL 85; XIX. 506.
— XIIL, pope, XIII. 86.
Innocents, Massacre of the, by Herod,
XIIL 661.
Inns, Law relating to, XIII. Si.
, King's, legal school, Dublin, XIII.
90.
Innsbruck, or Innspruck, town, Tyrol,
Austria, XIII. 86; its sculptures, XXI.
c66; university of, XXIII. -S46.
INNS OF Court, English legal societies,
XIII. 87; in. 394.
Inoculation, of cowpox, xxiv. 23; of
smallpox, xxii. 164.
Inorganic Chemistry, v. 467.
INOWP.AZLAW, tow-n, Prussia, XIII. 91.
Inquest, by recognition, in Anglo-
Kor:uan law, xill. 784; coroner's, vi.
431-
Inquiry, judicial writ, xxiv. 696.
lNQUlSlTlON,of Roman Catholic Church,
XIII. 91; XL 736; XX. 629; establish-
ment of, XVIII. 430; establishment in
Trance, I. 487; relation of the Jesuits
to, -Xni. 650; application of torture
by, XXIII. 463; in time of PhUip XL.
xvili. 744; under Pope Pius V., XIX.
154; in Italy, XIIL 482; in Portugal,
XIX. 546; in Spain, IX. 82; XXII. 326,
329.
INS.ANE, ConoUjr'a treatment of the, vi.
289; treatment of, at Gheel, Belgium,
X. 562; Tuke's treatment of, XXIII.
604; weight of brain in the, I. 879.
Insanity, xiii. 95; Warren's definition
of, xxiv. 373; law relating to, XIII.
hi; in medical jurisprudence, XV.
780; in relation to crime, VI. 584.
INSAR, toivn, Russia, XVIII. 515.
Inscriptions, Ancient, xili. 114; on
coins, XVII. 633; Indian (numerals),
XVII. 626; Javanese, xiii. 609; Latin,
XIV. 328; Ogam, V. 306; at Behistun,
Persia, IIL 509; XVIII. 567; at Pompeii,
XIX. 450; on pottery, XIX. 610, 616,
619; Roman, abbreviations in, I. 26;
Runic, XXI. 366, 370; Sabasan, XXIV.
739; in Yucatan, Central America,
XXIV. 759.
, Academy of, France, I. 76.
Insecta, or Insects (j.f.), XIIL 141.
INSECTJVORA, Order of Mammalia, XV.
400.
Insectivorous Plants, xiii. 134.
INSECTS,.XIIL 141; effect of climate on,
I. 86; hibernation of, XL 789; mimicry
in, XVI. 342; olfactory organs of, xxiL
165; parasitic, xviii. 257, 259; wings
of, IX. 314; of Himalayas, XL 834; in
India, XII. 743; Bonnet's observations
on, IV. 35; Swammerdam's collection
of, XXIL 730.
INSILAH, town, Tuat oasis, Africa, xvil.
695.
Insolation, or Sunstroke, xxii. 666.
Insomnia, disease, xxii. 157.
Inspiration, Theological doctrine of,
XIIL 154; U. 191; as held by Philo,
V. 4; XVIII. 760; Plato's doctrine of,
XIX. 197.
, of the breath, xx. 477.
Inst.adt, suburb of Passau, Bavaria,
XVIII. 344.
Instantius, Spanish theologian, xix.
746.
Instauratio Magna, Bacon's work,
ri: 210.
iNSfERBURC, tov.-n, Prussia, xi;i. 157.
Instinct, xiii. 157; transmission of,
XXIV. S19; of ants, II. 95; of bees, m
48S; Stoic doctrine of, XXIL 567.
Instinctive Appetites, in psycho-
logy, XX. 73.
Institute of France, xiii. 160; ix.
514.
Institute of the Law of Scotland,
Erskiiie's, vili. 529.
Institutes, scientific and literary
societies, XXIL 221.
- — , of Gaius, X. 16.
, of Justinian, XIIL 794.
OF the Christian Religion,
Calvin's, IV. 716.
OF Metaphysics, Ferrier's, ix.
no.
OF Theology, by Chalmers, v.
377.
Institution of a Christian Man,
II. 654.
Institution of Naval ARCHiTSfrrs,
London, XXL 809.
Institutions, Dn-ine, Lactantius's,
XIV. 195.
OF the Law of Scotland.
Stair's, xxil. 446.
INSTITUTIO Oratoria, of Quintilian,
XX. 187.
INSTITUZIONI ANALiTiCHE, by Madame
Agnesi, I. 284.
Instrument.\tiok, in music, xvii. 98.
Instruments, Musical, their origin,
XVII. 77.
Insubres, Gallic tribe, Italv, XIII.
446.
Insula Batavorum, ancient' Holland,
XII. 69.
lNSUL.\TOR, Telegraphic, XXIIL 113.
Insurance, xiii. 161; implied warranty
in contract of, XXIV. 373; life, post-
office, XIX. 574; life, in annuities, II.
72; marine, average, III. 145; marine,
first use of. III. 367; marine, Lloyd's,
XIV. 741.
Intaglio, incised engraving, iv. 738;
X. 136 ; the grandest Roman extant,
III. 614.
Integral Calculus, xin. 11, 33.
Integripallia, suborder of MoUusoa,
XVI. 68 5.
Intellection, in psychology, xx. 75.
Intellectual Feelings, xx. 69.
Intelligence, in military tactics,
XXIV. 363.
Intelligencer, newspaper, xvii. 414.
Intemelii, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xill.
446; XIV. 640.
Intemperance, vil 481; laws relating
to,' XIV. 688.
Intensity, in music, xvii. 106.
Interamna (Terni), ancient town-
Italy, XXIII. 190.
Intercessions, in the litany, xrv.
696.
Interdict, Papal, xiii. 188.
, in Roman la\7, XX. 709; in Scots
law, XIII. i88.
I N T— I R E
225
Interdiction, .in Scots law, xiii.
iS8.
Interest, inlaw, Jtlll. igS; calculation
of, II. 536; in economics, xxiv. 49; in
relation to usury, xxiv. 18 ; rate of,
charged by Bank of England, ni. 330;
on bUla of exchange, VIII..791.
iNTERiMiSTic Controversy, of council
of Trent, XXIII. 546.
Interlaken, or Interlachen, town,
Switzerland, XIII. 188.
Interludes, Dramatic, vii. 415; in
time of Shakespeare, xxi. 750.
Interment, Rites of, ix. 824.
Intermezzo, in music, xvii. 94.
Intermittent Fever, ix. 126.
International, working men's associ-
ation, XIII. 1891 xxiL 214.
Contracts, or Treaties, xxiii.
53°-
Copyright, vi. 363.
Exhibitions, viii. 803; London
(185 1), origination of, I. 452.
Internationalism, European, viii.
719.
International La\v, xiii. 190; xxii.
471; under the church, V. 20; in
relation to marriage, XV. 568; Gen-
tili's contributions to, X. . 161. See
also article Treaties.
International Postal Congress,
XIX. 583.
International Register, of tonnage,
xxiii. 442.
International Trade, Cail'nes'a
theory of, XIX. 3S2.
Interocrea (Antrodoco), Sabine town,
Italy, XXI. 129.
Interpleader, in English law, xiil.
197.
Interpretation, Biblical, xl 741.
Intervals, Musical, xvii. 78, 103.
Intervention, Political, xiil 192.
Intestacy, in law, xiii. 197; in Roman
law, XX. 691, 702, 714.
iNTESTiNTiS, Anatomy of the, VII. 225;
xvii. 668; of bii-ds. III. 726; of fishes,
XII. 655; of mammals, XV. 362; of
reptiles, XX. 457.
Intilene, ancient district, Asia, xjv.
159.
Intimidation, in law, xxill. 50c
Intoxicants, vii. 482.
Intoxication, or Drunkenness (ij-v.),
VII. 481.
Intra, town, Itaiy, xv. 198.
Intuition, in psychology, xx. 55.
Intuitional Ethics, viil 603.
Inuus Lupercus, Roman god, xv.
66, 570.
Invalide Russe, St Petersburg news-
paper, XVII. 430.
Inventions, Remarkable, in chrono-
logical table, V. 720 ; patents for,
xvin. 354.
Inveraray, town, Scotland, xiii. 198.
INVERGORDON, town, Scotland, XX. 854.
26—10*
INVERLOCHY, Scotland, • Battle of
(1645), XVL 79
Inverness, county, Scotland, xin. 109;
area and population, xxi. 528 ; re-
presentation, XXIII. 727; town, XIII.
200.
Invertebrata, their nervous system,
XIX. 30! skeleton of, XXII. 106.
investiture, in feudal law, xiit 201;
question of, between emperors and
popes, XVIII. 339; XIX. 499; XX. 791;
war of investitures, X. 488 ; XIII.
471.
Investments, under trust, xxiii. 598.
Invocation, of saints, xxl 155.
Invocations, in the litany, xiv. 6c,6t
Involuntary Muscles, i. 856.
Involution, in algebra, i. 526; in
projective geometry, x. 401; xix. 795.
lo, in Greek mythology, XIII. 202.
, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 197.
Iodides, v. 496; of mercury, xvi. 34 ;
of methyl, xvi. 196; of potassium,
XIX. 592; of silver, XXII. 72.
Iodine, oheiliical element, xin. 202;
V. 490, 496; made from kelp, xiv. 30;
temperature of vapour, XX. 131; Gay-
Lussac's observations on, X. 123.
lODlTE, mineral, XVI. 384.
lOL, town, Mauretania, Africa, XV. 637.
lOLCUS, Vale of, Thessaly, XXIII. 299.
lOLITE, mineral, XVI. 418.
lOLO MORGANV/G (Edward WiUiams),
Welsh writer, V. 314.
lON, of Chios, Greek poet, XIII. 203;
XXI. 466.
, Euripides's play, Vlil. 676.
lONA, island, Scotland, xill. 203;
monastery of, VI. 167; XVI. 706; xxL
474-
lONiA, district, Asia Minor, Xlll. 204;
XI. 98; cities of, XIII. 204; revolts
against Persia, xviii. 570, 573, 579;
coins of, XVII. 634, 646.
Ionian Islands, Greece, xiii. 205.
lONlANS, Greek people, XI. go.
Ionic Architecture, ii. 405; Roman,
II. 417.
Ionic Dialect, of Greek, xi. 134; in
Homer, XII. 113.
Ions, in electrolysis, viil. lOo.
Iowa, State, U.S.A., xin. 207; popula-
tion, XXIII. 802.
City, town, Iowa, U.S.A., XIII.
209.
lOxiDS, of Greek legend, xxill. 294.
Ipalnemoan, Mexican deity, xvi. 211.
Ipecacuanha, plant and drug, xiii.
210.
IPEK, town, Albania, Turkey, XIII. 211.
Ipetumodu, tovra, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
Iphianassa, of Greek legenn, XIII. 211.
Iphicrates, Athi;nian general, xill.
21 1.
Iphigeneia, of Greek legeud, xill. 211;
XVII. 827.
Iphigenia, Euripides's plays, vui. 676,
677.
Iphig^nie, Gluck's opera, x. 694
, Racine's drama, xx. 207..
IPOMCEA Batatas, vegetable, xix. 596.
Ipsambul (Abu-Simbel), town. Nubia,
n. 388; 1. 61.
iPSARio, mountain. Thasos, jreece,
xxiiL 222.
lPSWicH,town, England, X111.212; xxii.
622.
, town, Queensland, Australia, Xiii.
212.
IQUIQUE, town. South America, xili.
213; xvin. 674.
Irak Adjemi, province, Persia, 3(111.
213.
Irak Arabi, district, Syria, XIII. 213;
XVI. 50.
Iran, or Persia (q.v.), xviii. 561.
Iranian Languages, xviii. J34, 653,
784.
Iranian Literature, xviii. 653.
IRAWADI, river, Burmah, XIIL 213.
Irbit, town, Russia, xiii. 214; xviii,
550.
Irchester, Roman station, England,
xviL 557.
Irec et Enide, by Chrestien de Troyes,
V. 687.
Ireland, xiil 214 (index, 272);
history of, XIII. 243; invasion of, by
Edward Bruce, XX. 594; Cromwell's
settlement of, VI. 600; Fenians in, IX.
74; in time of Grattan, XI. 61 ; Norman
Settlement in, xvn. 551; in time of
O'ConneU, XVII. 720; under Peel's
administration, XVIII. 453; Petty's
survey of, xviii. 724; Pitt's policy to-
wards, XIX. 145; Raleigh's policy,
XX. 262; Reformation in, xx. 337;
Spenser's view of the state of, xxii.
393; under Lord Strafford, XXII. 585;
union with England (1801), VIII. 362;
XIV. 854; XVIII. 308; Gothic architec-
ture in, II. 429; banking, in. 336;
Bre]^on law, IV. 252; ancient church,
V. 303; Episcopal Church, VIII. 490;
Presbyterian Church, XIX. 691; coajt
measures, VI. 54; coins, XVJI. 656;
fisheries, IX. 262; forests, IX. 399;
land laws in, XIV. 269; law of land-
lord and tenant (1881), XIV. 276;
statute law, XXII. 470; libraries, xiv.
5'3>5-3i542; mines, XVI. 467; ancient
mythology, v. 300; newspapers, xvi I.
423; observatories, XVII. 710; peerage,
xviiL 466; police system, xix. 341;
population and representation, xxiii.
7:7; early schools, V. 304; school
system, vii. 681; universities and
colleges, XXIIL 855.
, Samuel, English writer, XIII. 272.
, Samuel William Homy, Shake-
spearean forger, XIII. 272.
Ireland's Eye, islet. Ireland, viL 494;
XIII. 216.
XXV. — 29
226
I R E-I S H
Iremel, movmtain, Russia, xxill. 717;
XXIV. 4.
IREN^US, bishop of Lyons, XIII. 273;
on the canon of Scripture, v. 8; creed
of, VI. 559; letters of, XIX. 489; on
the heresies of Cerinthus, V. 346; his
connexion with Polycarp, XIX. 414.
Irene, empress of the East, xill. 274.
Irenicum, Stillingfleefs work, xxil.
551-
Ireton, Henry, Parliamentary general,
<xiii. 275.
iRGHiz, town. Central Asia, xxill.
627.
Iriarte, Tomas de, Spanish poet, xiii.
275.
Iridium, chemical" element, xiii. 275;
V. 537; XVI. 383; XIX. 189, 191.
IRIDOSMIUM, mineral, XVi. 383.
Iris, in Greek mythology, Xlll.'276.
, of the human eye, I. 887; Vlll.
821.
, plant, XIII. 276; IX. 279; XII. 256;
XVIII. 52.
, river; Asia Minor, II. 707; XIX.
459-
Irish Church, Early, v. 303 ; xiii.
24S; in time of Henry VIII. of Jing-
land, XIII. 262.
Irish History, xiii. 243.
Irish Language, v. 298; dictionaries
of, VII. 188.
Irish Manuscripts, v. 305 ; xviii.
157-
Irish Melodies, Moore's, xvi. 806.
Irish Moss, eea-weed, Xiii. 276 ; l
508.
Irish Society, of Londonderry, xiv.
852.
Iritis, eye disease, xvii. 781.
Irkutsk, government, Asiatic Russia,
XIII. 276; XXI. 69; town, XIII. 277;
XXII. II.
IRMINSUL, Saxon idol, v. 402; x. 478.
Irnerius, Italian juiist, xiil. 277.
Iron, metal, XIII. 278; xvi. 381; as
chemical element, v. 534; as building
material, iv. 447 ; electro-deposited,
VIII. 117; enamelling of, viii. 185;
used in filtration, IX. 169; fracture of,
XXII. 600; industry, in United States,
XXIII. 813, magnetization of, VIII. 7;;
XV. 223, 256, 260 ; statistics of
manufacture, XIII. 358; meteoric, XVI.
113; mines in Australia, in. 109; in
Brazil, iv. 225; in France, IX. 522;
in Germany, x. 453; in India, xii.
764; in Ireland; XIII. 217; in Prussia,
XX. 15; in Russia, XXI. 85; in SUesia,
xxil. 53; in Missouri, U.S.A., XVI. 525;
in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xviii. 502;
mining in United States, XXIII. 811;
ores of, XVI. 58; as plant food, xix.
49; production of, xvi. 467; produc-
tion in China, v. 634; production in
England and Wales, viii. 227; velocity
of sound in, I. 104; Bpectrum of, xxii.
377; strength of, xxil. 603; thera-
peutic uses of, XIII. 359.
Iron Age, ii. 122.
Bridges, iv. 334.
Iron-Clads, ships of war, xvii. 284.
Irondale Springs, West Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIV. 518.
iRON Gate, pass. Central Asia, xii. 3.
Iron G.-iTES, on Danube, ■ Roumania,
XXI. 14.
Iron Mask, Man in the, xiii. 360.
Iron Period, Remains of, 11. 340.
Iron Pyrites, xx. 128.
IrONSANDS, iron ore, XIII. 285, 287.
Iron Ships, xxi. 817.
Ironsides, Cromwell's soldiers, VI. 599.
Ironstone, mineral, x. 232.
Ironton, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xill. 361.
Iron Virgin, of Nuremberg, xvii. 662.
Iron Waters, xvi. 434.
Iron-Wood, timber, xill. 361.
Iron-Work, in architecture, 11. 466;
XVI. 71.
Iron-Works, at Barrow-in-Fumess,
England, III. 395; at Stafford,
England, XXII. 442; at Neviansk,
Russia, XVII. 369.
Iroquois, American Indians, i. 690;
XII. 827, .831; XVII.454.
Irradiation, Phenomena of, in vision,
VIII. 822.
Irrawaddy (Irawadi), river, Burmah,
XIII. 213.
Irrigation, xiii. 362; by sewage,
XXI. 712; in Ceylon, v. 368; in Egypt,
VII. 707; on the Euphrates, vill. 669;
in India, XII. 754; in Madeira, xv.
178; of meadow land, in Scotland, I.
345, 349; in Spain, xxii. 299; works,
on the Cauvery, India, XIV. ig.
Irritation, Broussais's medical theory
of, IV. 383; XV. 814.
Irthing, river, England, XVII. 565.
Irtish, river, Siberia, xxil. 5; xxi.
639; xxill. 429.
IRULAS, hUl tribe, India, xvii. 509;
xxili. 42.
IRUN, town, Spain, XIII. 370.
Irvine, town, Scotland, xiii. 370.
Irving, Edward, Scottish theologian
and preacher, xill. 370; v. 237.
, Washington, American writer,
XIII. 372; I. 723, 724.
Irvingites, religious sect, v. 237.
Irwan (Erivan), town, Armenia, Vlll.
524.
IRWELL, river, England, XV. 459.
Is (Hit), ancient town, Syria, viil. 670;
XII. 24; XVI. 48.
Isaac, of Scripture, xill. 374.
I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor,
XIII. 374.
II., Angelus, Byzantine emperor,
XIII. 374.
of Antioch, Syriac writer, xxil. 829.
of Nineveh, Syriac .writer, xxil.
836.
Isabella, the Catholic, queen of Cas-
tile, xm. 375; IX. 81; XXII. 325.
II., of Spain, xxn. 345.
ISABEY, Jean Baptiste, French painter,
XIIL 375.
Isacides (Rashi), Jewish rabbi, XX.
284.
Is«us, Attic orator, xiii. 375.
Isaiah, Old Testament prophet, Xlll.
377, 413; XIX. 818; contrasted with
Zephaniah, XXIV. 780.
, Ascension and Visions of, apoca-
lyptic book, II. 180.
ISAK, Somali tribes, Central Africa,
XXIL 256.
Isatin, chemical derivative of indigo,
XII. 844.
Isatis, genus of plants, vn. 576.
Isauria, district, Asia Minor, XIII. 384.
ISBARTA, ton-n, Turkey -in Asia, XlX.
130.
IsCANDERUN (Scanderoon), town, Asia
Minor, XXI. 366.
IscARiOT, Judas, apostle, XJII. 760.
ISCA SiLURUM (Caerleon), Roman sta-
tion, Monmouth, England, XVI. 754^
ISCHIA, island, Italy, xiil 385, 440;
XVII. 187, 188; mineral water of, xvi.
435-
IscHL, spa, Austria, xm. 385; xvi.
434-
ISCHNOGALTER, genua of wasps, .n-ilV.
392-
1st, Japan, ^lace of pilgrimage, Xlll.
581; XIX. 92.
ISEGHEM, town, Belgium, XIIL 385.
ISEUN, Jakob C, Swiss historical writer,
XXIL 798.
ISENBURG, Counts of, Glennan family,
XVII. 732.
ISER, river, Germany, vil. 825.
ISERE, department, France, XIII. 385;
river, xx. 528.
ISERINE, mineral, xvi. 386.
ISERLOHN, town, Prussia, Xlll. 385 ;
XXIV. 517.
ISERNIA, town, Italy, xm. 386.
ISEUM, Egypt, Temple of, vii. 768.
Isfahan (Ispahan, q.v.), town, Persia,
XIII. 393.
ISHAK, Mohammed b., Arab historian,
XVI. 596; XXIII. 2.
ISHIM, town, Siberia, xxm. 430; river,
xxin. 429.
ISHMAEL, of Scripture, xm. 386.
ISHO BAR NON, Syriac writer, xxil.
847-
ISHO-DADH, Syriac writer, xxil. 848.
ISHO-DENAH, Syriac writer, XXII. 845.
ISHO-YABH of Arzon, Syriac writer.
XXIL 838:
of. Gedhala. Syriac writer, xxii.
842.
of Hedhaiyabh, Syriac writer, XXll.
842.
BAR Malkon, Syriac writer, xxii.
852.
I S H — I T A
227
ISHO-ZEKHA, Syriac writer, XXIi. 838.
ISHPEMING, town, llicliigan, U.S.A.,
XIII. 386.
ISHTIB, or Istib,tovm, European Turkey,
xiil. 433.
IsiACORUM PORTUS (Odes3a), ancient
towD, Russia, xvii. 726.
IsiDORUS HlSP.\LENSis, or Isidore of
Seville, Spanish mediae val writer, XIII.
386; XV. 517; false decretals of, v.
17; XIX. 496; liis Etymologies, vill.
191-
ISIDORUS Mercator, Compiler of col-
lection of decretals, v. 17.
Isinglass, or Fish Glue, x. 134 ; from
the sturgeon, XXII. 612; adulterations
of, I. 171
ISls, Egyptian oivinity, VII. 717; festival
of, at Busiris, XIX. 91.
, river, England, xvill. 93; xxili.
220.
ISKANDARNAMA, Or Book of Alexander
the Great, Nizami's poem, XVII. 322;
xviii. 657.
ISKANDER, ancient foijjress, Merv, Asia,
XVI. 42.
I Bev j(Scanderbeg), Albanian
prince, XXI. 365; I. 225, 447; XXIII.
642.
ISKELIB, town, ■ Asiatic Turkey, xiii.
387.
ISKENDER Beg (Scanderbeg), Albanian
chief, XXI. 365; XXIII. 642.
ISKIMID (Ismid), town, Asiatic Turkey,
XIII. 388.
ISKURIAH. town, Mingrelia, Eussia, XVI.
437-
ISLA, Jose Francisco de, Spanish satirist,
XIII. 387; XXII. 360.
DE Leon (San Fernando), town,
Spain, XXI. 262; longitude reckoned
from observatory at, XVII. 262.
ISLAM, or Mohammedanism (q.v.), XVI.
553; XXIL 659; sacred banner of,
XXIII. 6431
Islamabad, town, Punjab, India, xiii.
387.
Port, or Chittagong, town, Bengal,
India, v. 675.
Islay, island, Scotland, XIIL 387.
, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
ISLEBIA (Eisleben), ancient town, Ger-
many, vn. 791.
Isle-de-France, old district of France,
XII. 702.
ISLEMNIYE (Sliven), town, East
Roumelia, XXI L 160.
Islendinga, Sturla's work, XII. 625.
Isle of France (Mauritius), Indian
Ocean, xv. 639.
Isle of Man, England, xv. 450; early
Irish invasion of, XIII. 247; newspapers
of, XVII. 423.
Isle of Palms, Wilson's poem, xxiv.
592-
Isle of Pines, Cuba, Atlantic, vi.
679.
Isle of Pines, New Caledonia, Pacific,
XVII. 376.
Isle of Portland, Dorset, England,
XIX. 530.
Isle of Wight, England, xxiv. 561.
Islington, district, Loiidon, xiv. 820.
Ismaelites, or Assassins, Mohammedan
sect, IL 722; XVI. 593; xvii. 771.
Ismail, town, Roumania, xiii. 387.
, khedive of Egypt, VII. 766.
I., shah of Persia, XVIII. 634.
II., of Persia, XVIII. 637.
ISMAILIA, town, on Suez Canal, Egypt,
x.in. 3S8.
, town. Upper Egypt, XIII. 388.
ISIIAILIANS, Ismailis, or Assassins,
Mohammedan sect, II. 722;. XVL 587,
593; xvn. 771.
ISMiD, town, Asiatic Turkey, Xlll. 388;
XVII. 490; province, XXIM. 653.
ISNE (Esneh), town, Egypt, VII. 782;
VIII. 547.
ISNIK, town, Asiatic Turkey, XVn.
476.
ISNiKMiD (Ismid), town, Asiatic Turkey,
XIII. 388.
IsoBARic Maps, showing atmospheric
pressures, XVI. 139.
IsocRATES, Attic orator, XUI. 388 ;
XX. 509; XXII. 265.
IsoCYANlDES, in chemistry, V. 575.
ISODtJLCITS, variety of sugar, XJC. 175.
IsoetEjE, group of plants, ix. 107.
ISdla, Emma, friend of Charles Lamb,
XIV. 235.
Farnese, town, Italy, VIIL 634.
IsomAstigoda, order of Protozoa, XIX
857.
Isomerism, in chemistry, V. 550; xxiv.
6e6.
Isomorphism, in minerals, vi. 675 ;
XVI. 379; MitscherUch's discovery of,
XVI. 531.
ISOMYA, order of la<ollusca, xvi: 685.
ISONZO, river, Austria and Italy, HI.
117; XIII. 436.
Isoperimetrical Figures, of the
Bernoulli controversy, lir. 605.
Isoperimetry, Theorems on, xv.
643.
IsopHTHALic Acid, xviii. 855.
Isopleura, subclass of Mollusca, xvi.
641.
Isopoda, group of crustaceans, vi. 658.
ISOPRENE, hydrocarbon oil, XII. 840.
Isothermal Expansion, of gases,
XXII. 481, 485.
Isothermal Lines, in meteorology,
XVL 133, 135; XIX. 244; Humboldt's
delineation of, XII. 344.
Isotropy, VII. 804 ; magnetic, XV.
243.
IsoTTA deglia Atti, mistress of
Sigismondo of Rimini, XX. 537.
Ispahan, town, Persia, xiii. 393; xviii.
627, 628; bridge at, IV. 332; mosq^res,
XVI. 866.
Ispalis- (Seville), Roman towii, Spain,
XXI. 708.
Israel, People of, their history, xiil.
396 ; V. 707; connexion with Baby-
lon, XIII. 379; in relation to Moab,
XVI. 535 ; their connexion with
Phoenicia, XVIII. 807; in time of the
prophets, XIX. S15 ; priesthood in,
XIX. 727; monotheism of, XXIII. 239;
religion of, in. 634.
IN Egypt, Handel's oratorio, xi.
435-
Iss.\ (lassa), Island, Adriatic Sea, ^iv.
695.
IssaCHAr, of Scripture, XIII. 432.
Issik-Kul, lake. Central Asia, XIU.
432; XXI. 640; XXIIL 633.
Issiodurum (Issoire), ancient towia,
France, XIII. 432.
IssojRE, town, France, XIIL 432; XX.
120.
ISSOUDUN, town, France, XIII. 433.
ISSUS, Asia Minor, Battle of (333 B.C),
I. 482/; XV. 140; xviiL 582.
Issv, Articles of, XI. 343.
IsTjEVONES, ancient Germanic race, X.
473-
Istakhr, ancient town, Persia, XVlll.
560, 607.
ISTALIF, town, Afghanistan, L 230.
Istanchio, or Stanchio, island, Asia
Minor, VI. 444.
Isthmian Games, xin. 433; x. 65.
ISTIB, town, European Turkey, XIIL
433-
ISTRIA, district, Austria, XIII. 433.
IstrianorumPortus (Odessa), ancient
town, Russia, XVII. 726.
ISTRIONES, in Eoman drama, VIL
409.
IsTULA (Vistula), river, Russian Poland,
XIX. 307.
ITA, to\vn,' Paraguay, XVIIL 244.
Jtalia, ancient Italy, XIIL 434, 443.
Italian Drama, vn. 416.
'talian Language, xiil 491; xiv.
340; XVIII. 784; XX. 668; dictionaries
of, VII. 186.
Italian LiTERAXtniE, xiii. 498.
Italian Mountain, Colorado, U.S.A.,
VI. 161.
Italiotes, Greek settlers tn ancient
Italy, XI. 30.
Italy, xiii. 434 (including topography,
434; statistics, 448; history, 467;
languag'., 491; literature, 498; with
index, 516); the Carbonari in, v. 88;
French expedition to, under Charles
VIlL, IX 554; GueUs and GhibeUines
in, XI. 244; Metternich's policy to-
wards, XVI. 200; Napoleon's cam-
paigns in (1795-7), IX. 6og; xvii. 196;
invaded by Napoleon III., IX 624;
revival of leatning in, XX. 384; con-
quest of, by Rome, XX. 739; connexion
of Spain with, xxn. 322, 327; struggles
for unity, v. 276; academies in, I. 70;
228
I T A — J A C
Gothic architecture, ii. 434; army, II.
612; tirds, XVIII. 17; coins, XVII.
636, 657; drama, VII. 416; forests, IX.
403; foundling hospitals, IX. 483;
ancient glass-making, X. 648; irriga-
tion works, XIII. 369; Jews in, XIII.
685; language, XIII. 491; XIV. 340;
XVIII. 784; libraries, XIV. 512, 513,
528, 548; literature, XIII. 498; mines,
XVI. 468 ; mural paintings, early
Christian, xvii. 43; national debt,
XVII. 246; navy, XVII. 299; news-
papers, XVII. 431; observatories, XVII.
713; oyster culture, XVIII. 108; perio-
dical literature, XViii. 542; post-office,
XIX. 583; prison system, XIX. 761;
railways, xx. 251; weights and mea-
sures, XXIV. 490; wine industry, xxiv.
609.
Italy, Rogers's poem, xx. 622.
, History of, Quicciardini'e work, XI.
256.
ITAMARACA, town, Brazil, xviii. 551.
ITANGUA, town, Paraguay, xviil. 244.
Itasca, lake, Minnesota, U.S.A., xvi.
475-
Itasy, lake, Madagascar, XV. 169.
Itatiaiossu, Pico do, mountain, Brazil,
IV. 222.
Itch, skin disease, xviii. 270; XXII. 123.
Itch-Mite, arachnid, II. 275; XVI.
529; XVIII. 270; XXII. 123.
ITELM, people, Kamchatka, Asia, xill.
832.
Ithaca, island, Greece, xiii. 517, 205.
, town. New York, U.S.A., XIII. 517;
Cornell University at, XXIII. 857.
ITHACIUS, bishop of Ossonuba, XIX.
746.
ITHNA-ASHARIYA, Mohammedan sect,
XXII. 664.
Ithobal (Ethbaal), king of Tyre, XVIII.
807.
II., of Tyre, XVIII. 808.
iTHOMyEA, festival, Greece, xvi. 52.
ITHON, river, Wales, XX. 217.
I TIL, ancient town of the Khazars, xiv.
59-
ITINERARIUM, Roman road-book, Xlll.
517; Antonine's, xviil. 437.
Septentrionale, Gordon's, X.
782.
iTius PORTUS, Caesar's pomt of em-
barkation for Britain, xiii. 517.
ITSMI.ADSIN (Etchmiadzin), town, Russia,
VIII. 566.
It's Never too Late to Mend,
Reade's novel, xx. 303.
Iturbide, Augustin de, emperor of
Mexico, XIII. 518; XVI. 219.
Iturup, one of the Kurile Islands,
Asia, XIV. 160.
Itzehoe, town, Holstein, Germany, xill.
518.
iTZLi, Mexican obsidian, xvii. 717.
Ivan I., gi'and-duke of Moscow, xill.
519; XXI. 91,
Ivan II., of Moscow, xill. 519; xxi.
91.
III., the Great, of Moscow, XIII.
519; XXI. 9
IV., the Terrible, first czar of
Russia, XIII. 519; XXI. 92; his mas-
sacre of the Novgorodians, xvii.
608.
v., of Russia, xill. 519; xxi. 97.
VI., of Russia, Xlli. 510; xxi.
98.
IvANCiCA, Mount, Croatia, vi. 591.
Ivanovo, or Ivanovo-Voznesensk, town,
Russia, XIII. 520; XXI. 849; popula-
tion, XXIV. 271.
IVIQA, or Iviza, one of the Balearic
Islands, Mediterranean Sea, III. 278.
Ivory, xiii. 520; carving of, v. 167;
Japanese, XIII. 591; supply of, VIII.
124; XV. 349.
, Vegetable, XIII. 524; XVII. 664.
, James, Scottish mathematician,
XIII. 525.
Coast, West Africa, xiii. 525; i.
269.
Ivrea, tovm, Italy, xiil. 525.
Ivry-la-Bataille, town, France, xill.
525; battle of (1590), IX. 564.
Ivrv-sur-Seine, town, France, xill.
525; XXI. 624.
ivv, plant, XIII. 526.
Ixeutica, Oppian's poem, xvii. 797.
IXION, in Greek legend, XIII. 527.
Ixmal, to^vn, Yucatan, xxiv. 758.
IxODlD;«, or Ixodides, family of
Arachnida, XVI. 528; II. 276.
Ixolyte, mineral, xvi. 428.
IXTACCIHUATL, mountain, Mexico, XVI.
215.
lYEMiTSU, Shrine of, at Nikko, Japan,
XVII. 503.
lYEYASU, shogun, Japan, XIII. 583 ;
tomb of, at Nikko, xvii. 503.
Iynx, genus of birds, XXIV. 698.
IVRC^, ancient nomadic race, Russia,
XXI. 575.
IZABAL, lake, Guatemala, XI. 239.
IZALCO, volcano. Central America, xxi.
268.
IZAMAL, Pyramid of, Yucatan, xxiv.
759-
IZGAUR, town, Russia, XVI. 437.
Izhevsk, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
IZHUATLAN (Orizaba), town, Mexico,
xvii. S45.
IziASLAFF, prince of Kieff, Russia, XXI.
89.
IzvuM, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
J the tenth letter of the alphabet,
> xili. 528.
Jaafar (Giafar), vizier of Haroun al-
Raschid, III. 377.
Jaak-Tash, river, Syr-Daria, Asia,
xxii. 818.
JabaL, of Scripture, Xiv. 238.
Jaballah, king 'of Ghassan, Arabia,
XVII. 481.
Jabalpur, district. Central India, xill.
528; town, XIII. 529.
Jabarites, Moslem sect, xvi. 592.
Jabiru, bird, xiii. 529.
Jablonski, Johann Theodor, his
Allgemeines Lexicon, viii. 195.
Jabneel, or Jabneh (Jamnia), town,
Palestine, XIII. 563.
Jaborandi, plant and drug, XIII. 529.
Jaca, town, Spain, XIII. 530.
Jacamar, bird, XIII. 531.
JACANA, bird, XIII. 531.
Jacaranda, variety of wood, XX. 851.
Jacare, South-American aUigator, vi.
594-
Jaccetani, ancient tribe. Spam, Xlll.
531-
Jacinth, or Hyacinth, gem, x. 141.
, or Hyacinth, plant, XII. 419.
Jackal, carnivorous mammal, XIII. 532;
XV. 438; its relation to the dog, vil.
324 ; emblem of the god Anubis, II.
146.
Jackdaw, bird, xiii. 532.
Jackman, Charles, Arctic explorer, XIX.
316.
J ACK of Newbury (JohnWinchcombB),
xvn. 375.
Jack-Snipe, bira, xxii. 200.
Jackson, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xiii.
533-
, town, Mississippi, U.S.A., xill.
•533-
, town, Tennessee, U.S.A., Xlll.
533; XXIII. 178.
, Andrew, president of the United
States, XIII. 1533 > XXIII. 760, 762,
764.
, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall
Jackson), American Confederate gene-
ral, XIII. 534; XXIII. 777.
, William, English musician, XIII.
535-
Jacksonville, town, Florida, U.S.A.,
XIII. 536.
, to-ivn, Illinois, U.S.A., XIII. 536.
Jacob, Hebrew patiiarch, XIII. 536.
of Edessa, Syriac writer, XXII.
825,839.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII.
827.-
of Serugh, Syriac writer, XXII.
831.
, Henry, English Independent, xil.
725-
bar Salibi, bishop of Marash,
Syriac writer, XXII. 851.
BAR Shakko, bishop of Mar
Matthew, Syriac writer, xxil. S52.
Jacoba, countess of Holland, XII. 72.
JACOBABAD, tovra, India, XIII. 536;
XXIII. 860.
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, German
philosopher, XIII. 536; X. 541; his
relation to rationalism, xx. 200.
J A C — J A M
229
Jacobi, Karl Gustav Jacob, German
mathematician, XIII. 538, 67; on de-
terminants, I. 516.
, Stephen Ludwig, discoverer of
artificial fish-breeding, XIX. 127.
JACOBIANS, class of determinants; XIII.
31-
JACOBINA, department, BrazO, XXIV.
227.
Jacobin Club, of French Revolution,
i.x. 596, 600, 607; XX. 602.
Jacobite Church, or Jacobites, xill.
538; III. 56; VI. 354; XI. 155; XXII.
842, 845, 848.
Jacobites, in Scottish history, Xiii.
561; XXI. 526.
Jacobs, Christian Friedrich Wilhelm,
German scholar, XIII. 539.
JACOBSITE, mineral, XVI. 386.
JACOBSON, Louis L., on birds, xviii.
20.
JACOPO de" Barbari, Venetian artist,
VII. 555. 556.
Jacopone (Jacopo dei Benedetti), Italian
poet, XIII. 500.
Jacotot, Joseph, French educationist,
XIII. 539; VII. 677.
Jacquard, Joseph Marie, inventor of
3ilk-v.-ea\'ing loom, XIII. 539; his
carpet machine, v. 130; his loom,
XXIV. 465.
Jacquelin, countess of Holland, xii.
72-
Jacquerie, revolt of peasantry, in
France, IX. 547.
JACQUIER, Fran9ois, on magnetism, xv.
236.
Jactitation of Marri.\ge, vii.
303-
JaCULUS, genus of rodent Tnammala,
XIII. 626.
Jade, precious stone, xill. 539; xvi.
417; of Burmah, IV. 552; of Turke-
stan, XXIII. 638.
Jadeite, mineral, XIII. 540; xvi. 420.
Jadwiga, queen of Poland, XIX. 288.
Jaen, pro\Tnce and to\\'n, Spain, xill.
541.
Jafar Khan, governor of Bengal, vi.
10; XII. 801.
Jaffa (Joppa), to\vn, Palestiue, xiii.
746.
Jaffier Ali Khan, or Jafar Khan,
governor of Bengal, vi. 10; XII. 801.
J.^ffna, or Jaffnapatam, to-n-n, Ceylon,
XIII. 541.
Jaffray, Alexander, Scottish Quaker,
XX. 152.
J.agadhri, town, India, xiii. 542.
Jagannath (Juggernaut), , Hindu god
and temple, India, xvil. 845; xx. 115.
Jagatai, Turkish dialect, XXIII. 661.
Jagdispur, to\vn, India, xxi. 735.
Jagersfontein, diamond mines. South
Africa, xvii. 813.
J.^chers, Hendrickie, Rembrandt's
mistiess, xx. 376.
AGIC, Ignaz v., Bohemian philologist,
XXI. 691; xxii. 153.
.agiello, prince of Lithuania, XIX.
288.
agst, division, Wilrtemberg, XXIV.
700.
aguar, carnivorous mammal, XIII.
542; I. 682; XV. 435.
aguaron, tow-n, Paraguay, x.viii.
244.
AH (Jehovah, j.r.), of Scripture, XIII.
619.
ahan. Shah, Mogul emperor, xii. 795;
XX. III.
ahanabad, town, India, xiii. 542.
ahangir, Mogul emperor, xil. 795.
ah.angirpur, or Jangipur, town, India,
XIII. 564.
ahn, Johann, German Orientalist and
Biblical critic, XIII. 542.
, Otto, German philologist and art
critic, XIII. 543; XX. 569.
AIHUN (Oxus), river. Central Asia,
XVIII. loi
AILS, XIX. 747; Mrs Fry's reforms of,
IX. 804; Howard's, xil. 320.
AINS, Indian sect, XIII. 543; I. 59;
their religious system, XX. 360;
temples of, I. 423; II. 395.
AINTIA Hills, district, Assam, India,
xin. 544; XIV. 58.
AIPAL, raja of Lahore, India, XV. 286.
aipur (Jeypore), state, India, XIII. 688;
XX. 260; town, XIII. 688; XVIL 845.
AIS, town, India, XX. 222.
AISALMIR, Rajput state, India, xill.
545; XX. 260.
AISAMAND. artificial lake, India, xxill.
716.
AJPUR, or Jajpore, to\VTi, India, XIII.
545-
AKOB, Ludwig Heinrich von, GenLan
political economist, XIII. 545.
, Therese A. L. von (Talvj), author-
ess, wife of Dr E. Robinson, XX. 607.
AKOBS Elv. river, Norway, xvii.
576.
AKOBSHAVN, district, Greenland, xi.
171.
ALALABAD, town, Afghanistan, i. 230.
ALALUDDIN, shah of Khwarizm, XIII.
622.
— RUMI, Persian poet, XXI. 59.
AL.ANDHAR, district, India, XIII. 545;
XX, 109; to^TO, XIII. 546.
DOAB, India, XX. 107.
ALAP, drug, XIII. 546.
ALAPA, town, Mexico, XIII. 547; XVI.
214.
ALAPIN, resin, xili. 547.
ALAUN, district, India, XIIL 547; town,
XIII. 548.
ALNA, town, India, XIII. 548.
ALOMITZA, river, Roumauia, xxi. 14.
ALPAIGURI, district and town, India,
XIII. 548.
Jalpaite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Jam, conserve of fruit, xill. 564.
Jamaica, island. West Indies, xill. 548;
XXIV. 510.
Pepper, xix. 97.
Town, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., XIV. 866.
Ja.mal Bariz, mountains, Persia, xviii.
619.
J.A.MB, in architecture, II. 466.
J.^MBI, kingdom, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
James, St, the Lord's brother, xiiL 553.
, son of Alphffius, XIIL 552.
, son of Zebedee, XIII. 552.
, General Epistle of, XIII. 5^3.
I., king of Aragon, xviii. 450 ;
X.xil. 317, 322.
II., of Aragon, xxn. 323.
I., king of England (VI. of Sect-
land), XIII. 577; VIII. 341, 343; XXI.
507 ; his patronage of Bacon, III.
204; his relations with Buckingham,
IV. 417; Coke's opposition to, VI. 120;
his rule in Ireland, XIII. 265; parlia-
ment under, XVIII. 307; suppression
of Presbyterianism in Scotland by,
Xl.x. 6S2; his relations with Raleigh,
XX. 263; his WTitings, xxi. 542.
11., of England, XIII. 559 ; Vlll.
350; the Popish Plot under, xvii. 697;
his relations with Ireland, XIIL 268;
with Scotland, xxi. 517; -n-ith Penn,
XVIII. 496; with William of Orange,
XXIV. 579; a refugee in France, IX.
579-
I., king of Scotland, xiii. 555 ;
VIII. 413; xxi. 491 ; as poet, XXI.
540.
II., of Scotland, xill. 556; XXI.
493-
III., of Scotland, XIII. 556; XXL
494.
IV., of Scotland, xili. 557 ; xxi.
496.
v., of Scotland, XIII. 557 ; XXI.
497-
VI. and VII., of Scotland. See
James I. and II., of England.
, king of SicOy, XXII. 28.
, Chevalier of St George, the Pre-
tender, XIIL 560; recognized as James
III. by Louis XrV., IX. 581.
, George Payne Rainsford, English
novelist, XIII. 561.
, John Angell, English Independent
minister and author, XIIL 561.
, Thomas, Arctic explorer, XIX.
3>8-
CiTV, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 260.
Jameson, Anna, EngUsh writer, xiH.
562.
, or Jamesone, George, Scottish
painter, XIIL 563.
, Robert, Scottish naturalist, xiii.
563.
Jamesonite, mineral, xvi. 394.
Jamestown, town. New York, U.S.A.,
XIIL 563.
230
J A M — J A Y
Jamestown, town, St Helena, Atlantic
Ocean, xxi. 171.
James Town, Virginia, Founding of
(1607), XXII. 175; xxiil. 729; first
English settlement, XXIV. 260.
Jamestown Weed, plant, xvii. 231.
JAMI, Nuruddin Abdurr^man ibn
Ahmed, Persian poet, XIII. 563; XVili.
659.
Jamieson, John, Scottish lexicographer,
XIII. 563.
jAMNL-v, town, Palestine, xill. 563.
Jamnitzer, Wenzel, German metal-
worker, XIX. 184.
JAMRUD, fort, Punjab, India, xill. 564.
Jams and Jellies, xiii. 564.
Jamu, town, India, xui. 564; district,"
XIV. 10.
Jamuna (Jumna), river, India, Xlll.
773; XX. 261.
Jan, G., his classification of snakes,
XX. 440.
Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte's novel,
IV. 365.
Janesville, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XIII. 564; population, XXIV. 617.
Jangipur, town, India, xiii. 564.
Janibeg Khan, Mongol chief, xvi.
747-
Janicki, Clement, Polish Latin poet,
XIX. 300.
Janiculan Hill, 'Rome, xx. 807.
JANIK, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxill.
653-
JANIN, Jules Gabriel, French critic,
XIII. 564; IX. 678, 679.
Janina, town, Albania. Turkey, Xlll.
565; XXIII. 653.
Janissaries, Ottoman troops, 11. 617;
XI. 120, 123; XXIII. 641, 642, 644,
645; revolt of, XXIII. 64S, 650; sup-
pression of, XXIII. 650.
Jan Maven Island, Norwegian Sea,
XVII. 592; seal fisheries of, XXI. 582.
jANNiEUS, Alexander, Jewish high
priest, XIII. 423.
Jannart, Jacques, friend of La Fon-
taine, XIV. 20.;
JANOFF, town, Russian Poland, xxil.
37-
Jansen, Cornelius, Dutch theologian,
XIII. 565.
• , or Janssen, Cornelius, Dutch
-lainter, XIII. 567.
— ' — , Kristoffer, Norwegian poet and
novelist, XVIL 591.
, Zacharias, his relation to invention
of the telescope, XXIII. 136.
Jansenism, religious movement in
France, XIII. 566; XIX. 507; relations
of the Pascal family to, XVIII. 334..
Jansenists, of Port Royal, IX. 573,
578; XIV. 867; XIX. 533; 'as educa-
tionists, VII. 675; their influence on
French literarture, IX. 661.
Jansenius (Jansen), Cornelius, Dutch
theologian, Xlll. 565.
Jansonius Jacobus, Dutch theologian,
XIII. 566.
Janssen, or Jansen, Cornelius, Dutch
painter, XIII. 567.
Janssens, or Jansens, Victor Honorius,
Flemish painter, XIII. 568.
Van Nuyssen, Abraham, Flemish
painter, XIII. 568.
Janthina, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
651.
Januarius, St, xiu. 568.
, Cathedral of, at Naples, XVII.-189.
Candidatus, Syriac -writer, xxil.
841.
January, month, xiii. 568.
Janus, Roman god, xiii. 568.
— — Junius (John Toland), English
deist, XXIII. 434.
Japan, country; Asia, xin. 569; n. 6S7;
invasion of China by, v. 649; of Corea
by (1597), VI. 394; Siebold's explora-
tions of, xxil. 36; coins of, XVIL 661;
forests, IX. 405; language, XXIV. 3;
libraries, XIV. 534, 549; mines, XVI.
469; Christian missions to, XVI. 517;
Jesuit missions to, XIII. 652; Xavier's
mission to, XXIV. 717; national ^ebt,
XVII. 247; pilgrimages in, XIX. 92;
pottery and porcelain, XIX. 635; rail-
ways, XX. 252; religion, XX. 363;
Roman Catholic Church in, XIX. 810;
silk culture, XXII. 56; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490.
, Kaempfer's History of, XIII. 816.
, Sea of, XVIII. 116.
Japanese Art, xiil 588.
Japanese Drama, vii. 402.
Japanese Lacquer Work, xiv. 194;
varnish, XXIV. 92.
Japanese Language, xiu. 5S5; xxiv.
3; dictionaries of, VII. 192.
Japanese Literature, xiil 586.
Japanese Wax, xxiv. 459.
Japanning, industrial art, xiil. 593-
Japara, town, Java, XIII. 606.
Japheth, of Scripture, xlii. 593; xvil.
523-
Jarahi, river, Persia, xviii. 620.
JAR.\LES,•bush-gro^ving regions, Spain,
XXII. 297.
Jarama, affluent of Tagus, Spain, xxill.
22.
Jar-Connaught, district, Galway,
Ireland, x. 55.
Jardin des Plantes, Paris, XVIII.
2S1.
JARDINE, Sir WUIiam, his illustrationa
of birds, XVlll. 13, 16, 18.
Jarl, in early Scandinavian society,
/CVIL 529; XXIL 744.
JaRNAC, town, France, XIII. 593.
JAROMIERZ, town, Bohemia, XIIL 593.
J.\R0SITE, mineral, XVI. 402.
Jarrah Wood, Australian tree, xiii.
593; XXIV. 508.
Jarring, Effects of, on magnetization,
XV. 268.
Jarrow-on-Tyne, town, England,
XIIL 593; monabcery of, iii. 4S1.
Jarson, John de (Gerson), chancellor of
university of Paris, x. 549.
Jaschi (Jassy), town, Rouniapia, XIII.
596; XXI. 16.
jASH.iR, Donaldson's work, vn. 358.
, Book of, XL 598; XIIL 408.
Jashpur, state, India, xill. 594 ; v.
768.
Jasmin, Jacques, French poet, xiil. 594.
Jasmine, plant, xiii. 594.
JASMUND, district, Riigen, Prussia, xxi.
56.
Jasno Gura, Poland, Monastery of, vi.
754-
Jason, of Greek mythology, XIII. 596;
11.496; XV. 776; romances concerning,
XX. 640.
Jasper, precious stone, xiii. 596; xvi.
389.
Jassy, town, Eoiunania, xiii. 596; xxi.
16.
Jasz-Berenv, town. Hungary, Xlll.
597-
JAXIVA, town, Spain, XIII. 597.
Jats, race of people, In'dia, XIIL 597; I.
235; XII. 746, 789; identification of,
with the Gipsies, X. 617.
Jaubert, Pierre Am^dfeEmilien Probe,
French Orientalist, XIIL 597.
JAUER, town, Prussia, XIIL 59S.
Jauhary. Arabic lexicographer, XIU.
598.
JaUlna (Jalna), to-wn, India, xill. 548.
Jaundice, disease, xiii. 598; as result-
ing from vaccination, XXIV. 26.
JAUNPUR, district, India, xiil 599;
town, XIII. 600.
JAUNSAR, division, India, vii. 33.
Java, island, Indian Archipelago, xill.
600; II. 687; XII. 818; birds of, ill.
764; Buddhist ruins in, IV. 214; tea
culture, xxill. 98 ; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490.
, Little (Bali), island. Eastern Archi-
pelago, IIL 281.
Almond Oil, xvii. 744.
Javanese Language, xiil 606; xviii.
779-
Java Sparrow, xxiv. 463.
Jaw, Anatomy of the, I. 82 5.
Jawari, Indian millet, VII. 564.
JAWAROW, town, Austria, xiil 610.
Jaxartes (Syr-Daria), river, Asia,
XXII. 81S; IX. 85; XL 822; XXIII. 5II-,
512; in Ptolemj-'s geography, XX. 95.
JAY, bird, Xlll. 610.
, John, American statesman, XIii.
6u.
, William, English Dissenting
preacher and writer, XIII. 612.
Jayadeva, Hindu dramatist, xxi. 285.
Jayme (James I.), king of AragOB,
xviiL 450; XXII. 317, 322.
JAYNTIYA Hills (Jaintia HillsX districtj
India, Xiv. 58.
J A Y — J E S
231
Jay's Treaty (1794), xxiii. 755.
Jean d' Angely, Saint, town, France,
XIII. 612.
Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc), Maid of
Orleans, IX. 550; XIII.-695.
Jean PauJ- (J. P. F. Eichter, q.v.),
German humorist, XX. 546.
JEBAL, or Jibal (Irak Adjemi), province,
Persia, XIII. 213.
JEBEIL, ancient town, Syria, XIH. 613.
JEBEL, Bahr al, headwaters of the NUe,
A-frica, XVII. 505, 507.
Akhdar, mountains, Arabia, II.
238, 255.
Akra, mountain, Syria, XXII. 821.
al-Akhdar, district, Tripoli,
North Africa, XXIII. 575.
AL-TuR, the Sinai group of moun-
tains, XXII. 88.
ASEER, mountain, Arabia, II. 253.
el-Baruk, mountain, Syria, xiv.
393.
EL-TlH, mountain, Arabia, XXll.
88.
ES-SODA, mountains, Fezzan,
Africa, IX. 128.
JERMAK, mountain, Palestine,
XVIII. 171.
JUDi, mountain, Kurdistan, Xiv.
156.
Kabkab, mountain, Arabia, XV.
670.
KUNEISEH, mountain, Syria, Xiv,
393-
Marrah, mountain, Soudan,
Africa, xxil. 278.
Nebi Baruh, mountain, Syria,
XIV. 394.
Teir, island; Red Sea, XX. 316.
ZUGUR, island. Red Sea, XX. 316.
Jebu Ode, town, West Africa, xxiv,
754-
Jedburgh, town, Scotland, xiii. 613;
XXI. 34.
Jeddah, or Jiddah, town, Arabia, xill.
6gi; XX. 316.
Jedrzejewicz, Dr, his observatory, at
Plonsk, Poland, XVII.'7I4.
JEENS, English line-engraver, Vlll. 443.
Jefferson, mountain, Oregon, U.S.A.,
XVII. 822; XXIII. 800.
, Thomas, president of the United
States, XIII. 613; XXIII. 756; drafts
Declaration of Independence, XXIII.
743; his political school, xxill. 755;
as author, I. 721.
City, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xiii.
616; XVI. 526.
Jeffersonite, mineral, xvi. 416.
JEFFERSONVILLE, town, Indiana,
U.S.A., XIII. 616; XV. 23.
Jeffrey, Francis, Scottish lawyer and
critic, XIII. 616; on beauty, I. 223.
, Sarah, John Milton's mother, XVI.
324-
Jeffreys, Lord, English judge, xni.
618; his bloody assize at Taunton,
XXIII. 83; Baxter's encounter with,
III. 456.
JEHOL, town, China, XIII. 619.
Jehovah, divine name, xiil. 619, 397,
409; I. 53; XIX. 815; in the Psalms,
XX. 30; worship of. III. 634.
, Servant of, in Isaiah, XIII. 382.
jEHOvisTic Narrative, in the Penta-
teuch, I. 53; III. 637; xviii. 506.
Jehu, king of Israel, xill. 407.
JEJEEBHOY, Sir Jamsetjee, Indian
Parsee, XIII. 619; XVIII. 326.
Jejunum, Anatomy of the, vii. 226;
XVII. 668.
/elal-ed-din Rumi, Persian poet, xiii.
619; XXI. 59.
Jellachich, Joseph, govwnjor or ban
of Croatia, HI. 137; XII. 371.
JFLLINGE, Jutland, Barrow at. III. 39S.
Jelly, Elasticity of, vii. 801.
, as conserve of fruit, Xlll. 564.
Jelly-Fish, Phosphorescence of, XVIII.
814.
Jeloen, island, Norway, xvil. 576.
Jem, mythical Persian king, XIII. 395
, Turkish pretender, XXIII. 642.
Jemez, hot springs, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
XVII. 400. '
Jemgala, tribe, Lithuania, XIV. 702.
JEMMAPES, town, Belgium, XIII. 620;
XVI. 761; battle of (1792), IX. 605.
Jemtland, district, Sweden, XXII. 741.
Jena, town, Germany, xill. 620; xxi.
349; battle of (1806), XVII. 210; uni-
versity of, XXIII. 845.
Jenatsch, Georg, Swiss leader, XXIV.
45-
JENGHIZ Khan, Mongof emperor, xili.
620; n. 699; XVL 740; his conquest
of China, v. 627, 647; of Tibet, xiv.
503-
JENKINSON, Anthony, English envoy to
Persia, XVIII. 636; resident in Russia,
XXI. 93.
, Charles, first earl of Liverpool,
XIV. 717.
, Robert Banks, second earl of Liver-
pool, XIV. 718.
Jenkins's Ear, War of, between Eng-
land ind Spain, xxii. 339.
Jennah, village, Arabia, XVII. 773.
JENNER, Edward, English physician,
XIII. 622; XV. 815; his experiments
in vaccination, XXIV. 23.
Jennings, Sarah, duchess of Marl-
borough, XV. 553.
Jensen, Christen, Norse writer, xvil.
589.
, Peter Andreas, Norwegian poet
and dramatist, xvii. 591.
JENSON, Nicolas, early German printer,
XXIII. 689.
JENYNS, Soame, Englisn wriier,xili.625.
Jephthah, judge of Israel, XIII. 625.
Jerabub, headquarter"! of Mohammedan
sect, Sahara, XXI. 151; xxiiL 575.
Jerash (Gerasa), town, Palestine, x. 441.
Jerba, island. North Africa, x. 442;
XXIII. 620.
Jerboa, rodent mammal, xin. 625; xv.
419; of Arabia, II. 243.
JerdaN, William, journalist, XIII. 6261
Jeremiah, Old Testament prophet,
XIII. 626, 415; XIX. 819.
, Lamentations of, xiv. 240.
Jeremy, Epistle of, in Apocrypha, iii.
405.
Jerez de la Frontera, town, Spain,
XIII. 629; wine of, XXIV. 607.
Jerez de los Caballeros, town,
Spain, XIII. 629.
Jerfalcon, bird, IX. 3.
Jerichau, Jena Adolf, Danish sculptor,
XXI. 570.
Jericho, town, Palestine, xin. 629.
Jernang, resin, vii. 389.
Jeroboam I., king of Israel, xill. 406.
II., of Israel, XIII. 408.
Jerome, St, early Christian writer, xiu,
630; on the canon of Scripture, v. 11;
on the Catacombs, v. 207; his con-
nexion viith monachism, xvi. 702.
of Prague, Reformer and martyr,
XIII. 631; XX. 322.
JERROLD, Douglas William, English
humorist, XIII. 632.
Jersey, Channel Islands, England, XIIL
634; newspapers of, XVII. 423.
Cattle, i. 389.
City, town. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XIII. 635; XVIL 397; population,
XXIII. 822.
Jerubbaal (Gideon), of Scripture, x,
589.
Jerun, island, Persian Gulf, xvil. 856L
Jerusalem, town, Palestine, xiii. 636;
under David, XIII. 404; siege and
destruction of, by Titus, XIII. 428;
XXIII. 420; capture of, by the cru-
saders, vi. 626; Knights of St John in,
XXI. 174; Knights Templars driven
out of, XXIIL 161; establishment of
bishopric of, IV. 523; Holy Sepulchre
at, XXI. 670; mosques, XVL 865;
Christian pilgrimages to, VI. 622; XIX.
93; temple of, XXIII. 166; Nehemiah's
walls, XIII. 640.
, province, As!?.tic Turkey, xxill,
653.
— Artichoke, vegetable, xii. 283;
culture of, I. 369.
Delivered, Tasso's poem, xxiii.
76.
Jervaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, England,
XXIV. 749.
Jervis, John, Earl St Vincent, Englisb.
admiral, XXL 201.
JESI, town, Italy, xill. 644.
Jessamine, or Jasmine, plant, XIH. 594.
Jesse, of Scripture, VL 837
, Edward, English naturalist, Xlil.
644.
, John Heneage, English wnter,
XllL 645.
232
J E S — J O H
Jesselhiere (Jaisalmir), state, India,
xin. 545; XX. 260.
Jesse Tree, wood-carving, xxiv. 646.
JESSOR, or Jessore, district, India, xiir.
645.
Jesters, ix. 366.
Iesuitesses, order of " nuns, XVI.
712.
Jesuits, or Company 01 Jesus, xiii. 645;
institution of the order, xvni. 430;
casuistry of the, v. 204; Vlll. 595;
XIII. 651; as educationists, VII. 674;
in relation to Jansenism, XIII. 566;
contests with La Chalotais, XIV. 192;
their iofluence on the popedom, XIX.
504; interference in Tong-King, xxui.
440; colleges of, in France, XXIII.
846; missions of, XVi. 513; XIX. 811;
misaions to China, XX. 536; under
Pope Pius VI., XIX. 154; in Asia, II.
701; in Ireland, xill. 263 j in Spain,
XXII. 341, 345; suppression of, by
Pope Clement XIV,, V. 823; XIX.
507; suppre^ion of, in France, IX.
593-
Jesuits' Bark, or Cinchona Bark (g.».),
V. 781.
Jesuits' Tea, or Mate, xv. 627; iv. 227.
Jesus, son of Sirach, XIII. 672; Book of
Wisdom of, in Apocrypha, II. 181.
, Company of, or Jesuits (q.v.), Xlll.
645.
Jfisus Christ, xiii. 656; relation of
Christianity to, v. 6S9; St Paul's con-
ception of, XVIII. 425; Hegel's vievi- of,
XI. 613; StrauBs's Life of, xxii. 592.
Jesus College, Cambridge, iv. 731.
Jesus College, Oxford, xviii. 97.
Jet, mineral, XIIL 672; xvi. 429.
JETHART Justice, of Scottish proverb,
xin. 613.
Jetsam, in English law, ix. 342.
Jetties, Eiver, xx. 577, 580; of the
Mississippi, XVI. 521.
Jettison, maritime term. III. 146.
Jevons, William Stanley, English econo-
mist, XIX. 398.
jEVb', The Wandering, XIII. 673.
Jewel, or Jewell, John, bishop of Salis-
bury, XIII. 675.
Jewellery, xiii. 675; filigree work, ix.
163; rings, X.X. 560; terra-cotta, XXIII.
193; Etruscan, viii. 642; Indian, xil.
762.
Jewish Church, History of, by Stanley,
XXIL 451.
Jewish p\w, Mishnah, xvi. 502; Tal-
mud, XXIII. 35; Mishneh Torah of
Maimonides, XV. 295.
Jewish Literature, in. 635; xl 597;
xin. 40S; apocalyptic, 11. 174; poet-
ical, in. 638.
Jewish Philosophy, in the Alex-
andrian school, I. 500; XVIII. 759.
Jewish Year, v. 713.
Jews, Ancient, their history, xin. 396;
dispersion of, XIII. 420, 429; in ancient
Rome, XIX. 488; XX. 727; their archi-
tecture, II. 392; coins, XVII. 650.
Jews, Modern, XIII. 679;' accUmatization
oij 1. 88; casuistry among, v. 203; their
cosmogonies, vi. 447; fasting among,
IX. 45; feasts of, IX. 115; Mahzor of,
XV. 292; Mohammed's hostility to, XVI.
55°! 557; their relations ■n'ith Moham-
medanism, XVL 547, 550, 552, 555,
55S; religion of, in. 634; XX. 361;
of Abyssinia, L 63; IX. 1; in Afghani-
stan, L 238; in Africa, 1. 262; first
settlement in China, xiii. 823; Khaza-
rian, Xiv. 60; in Russia, XXL 79;
in Russian Poland, xix. 309; in Spain,
XXIL 308, 326; expulsion from Spain,
IX. 82.
Jew's Harp, or Jew's Trump, musical
instrument, XIII. 688.
Jeypore, state, India, xiil. 688; XX.
260; town, XIII. 688.
Jeysulmere, state, India, XX. 260.
Jezebel, of Scripture, I. 420.
Jezira, or Jezii'et Akur, Mesopotamia,
XVL 48.
Jezreel, town, Palestine, xill. 6S9;
plain, xviii. 171.
JHAJJAR, to-n-n, India, XX. 623.
Jhalawar, state, India, Xin. 689; XX.
260; district, XI v. 15.
Jhang, district, India, XIII. 689; XX.
log; town, XIII. 690.
Jhansi, district and di\Tsion, India,
XIII. 690; XVII. 572; town, XIII. 690.
Jharijas, tribe of Rajputs, India, vi.
731-
Jhelum, or Jhilam, district, India, XIII.
690; imvn, XIII. 691.
, rivor, India, xiv. 10; xx. 107; XXI.
73S-
JHIND, state, India, XIII. 691.
JHUNG, or Jhang, district, India, XIII.
689; XX. 109; town, XIIL 690.
Jib, of lifting crane, VI. 547.
JiBOA, river. Central America, XXI. 268.'
Jiddah, to-\vn, Arabia, xni. 691; xx.
316.
JiGAT (Dwaraka), town, India, VII. 567.
Jigger, insect, ix. 301; xiil 150.
, mining machine, XVI. 464.
JiHLAVA (Iglau), to%Tn, Moravia, XII. 700.
JiHUN, river, Asia Minor, IL 708; v. 777.
JiLOLO, island, Indian Archipelago, xiii.
692.
JiMAMAYLAN, town, Pkilippine Islands,
xviii. 752.
JiMENES, or Ximenes, Francisco, Spanish
cardinal and statesman, Xin. 693.
JiNAS, prophets of the Jains, India, xin.
543-
JiND (Jhind), state, India, XIIL 691.
JlRECEK, Hermenegild and Joseph,
Bohemian •nTiters, XX 1 1. 153.
JlRJEH (Girgeh), town. Upper Egypt, X.
623.
JiTOMiR (Zhitomir), town, Russia, xxiv.
784.
JlZAK, town, Syr-Daria, Asia, xxil. 821.
JMUD, tribe, Lithuania, Xiv. 702.
Jo, image of Buddha, Tibet, XIV. 499.
Joachim, abbot of Floris, mystic^ xnL
694; XVL 317; xvn. 132.
1. and II., electors of Brand ffliburg,
XX. 4.
, George, Tyrolese scholar, XX. 508
Frederick, elector of Branden-
burg, XX. 5.
JOACHIMSTHAL, town, Bohemia XIII.
695; bismuth ores of, in. 792.
JOAL, tovray Senegal, Africa, XXI. 660.
JO.AN, legendary female pope, XIII. 695.
of Arc, maid of Orleans, XIII. 695;
VIII. 321; IX. 550; her connexion with
Orleans, xvn. 849; at the siege of
Paris (1429), XVIII. 290; tried for
\vitchcraft, XXIV. 623.
of Naples and Provence, XIX. 878.
JOANES, or Juaaes, Vicente, Spanish
painter, xiii. 757.
Joanna IL, queen of Naples, xx. 805.
, wife of Philip I. of Soain. xviil.
743; XXIL 327.
Henriquez, wife of John IL of
Aragon, XXIL 324.
LA Beltraneja, daughter of
Henry IV. of Castile, XXII. 321, 325.
Joannes, Presbyter, or Prester John,
XIX. 714; L 65; XVI. 745.
of Epiphaneia, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613.
Massiliensis, monk, v. 182.
Joannina (Janina), town, Alb»'"'a, I.
448; XIII. 565.
JOANNiTius, Ai-abian physician, xv.
S05.
JOAO, or John (q.v.), kin^ of Portugal,
XIII. 714.
JOASH, king of Judah, XIH. 412.
Job, Book of, xin. 697, 420; in. 639.
JOBISTES, in French literature, IX. 657.
JOBST, elector of Brandenburg, XX. 3;
XXIL 48; XXIV. 501.
Job's Tears, plant and seeds, xill. 703.
JOCELINE, bishop of WeUs, XXIV. 50a
Jockeys, in horse-races, xii. 198.
TocULATORES, mediieval minstrels, vii.
413; XVL 479.
JODELLE, Stephen, French dramatist,
VIL 423; IX. 651; XX. 841.
JODHPUR, state and town, India, XIII.
703; XX. 260; tovm, XIII. 704.
Joel, Book of, Xlii. 704.
Joglar, mediaeval minstrel, xvi. 479.
Johanna, island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
Johannesburg, tavrn, Transvaal, South
Africa, XXIII. 518.
Johannisberg Wine, xxiv. 611.
JOHANNITE, mineral, XVI. 402.
Johansson, Lars, Swedish poet, XXIL
753-
John, the apostle, xin. 706; his con-
nexion with the Fourth Gospel, X. 818;
with the Apocalypse, XX. 500.
J o H — J 0 K
233
JOHTfjtlie Baptist, XIII. 709; hisministry,
XIII. 662.
— =-, St, of Nepomuk, patron saint of
Bohemia, .XIII. 718.
I., pope, XIII. 709.
II.-V., popes, XIII. 710.
VI., pope, XIII. 710; XX 783.
VII., pope, XIII. 710.
VIII., pope, XIII. 710; XVIII. 820;
XIX. 497.
— ^ IX., pope, 3CIII. 710.
X.-XI., popes, XIII. 710; XX.
787.
XII., pope, XIII. 711; XIX. 497;
XX. 78S.
XIII., pope, XIII. 711; XX. 789.
XIV., pope, XIII. 711.
XV., pope, XIII. 711; XX. 789.
XVI.-XVIII., popes, XIII. 711.
XIX., pope, XIII. 711; XX. 790.
XXL, pope, XIII. 711; XIX. 556.
XXII., pope, XIII. 712; XIX. 501;
XX. 799; Ms contest witli the Francis-
cans, XVII. 717.
XXIII., pope, XIII. 712; XIX. 502;
XX. 804.
I. (Juan), king of Aragon, XIII. 715;
xxu. 323.
II., of Aragon, XIII. 716; Xxn.
324.
-^ — (of Luxemburg), king of Bohemia,
III. S60; in Italy, xiii. 477.
I., duke of Brabant, XIL go.
, elector of Brandenburg, XX. 4.
I„ king of Castile and Leon, xiii.
716; x::ii. 32.1.
II., of Castile and Leon, XIII. 716;
XXII. 321.
, king of England, XIII. 713; Vlil.
306; IX. 541; his proceedings in
Ireland, XIII. 259; his contest ■B'ith the
pope, XIV. 286.
I., king of France, Xlll. 714;
II., of France, XIII. 714; IX. 546.
— — I., Greek emperor, XIII. 712.
• II.-V.j Greek emperors, XIII.
713-
VI., Greek emperor, bcill. 713;
XVIII. 166.
VII., Greek emperor, XIIL 713;
XVIII. 165.
(of Avennes), count of Holland, Xll.
72.
I., Albert, king of Poland, XIX.
290.
II., Casimir, of Poland, xill. 714;
XIX. 294.
III., Sobieski, of Poland, XIII. 714;
XIX. 295.
(Joao) I., king of Portugal, xilI.
714; XIX. 544.
II., of Portugal, XIII. 714; XIX.
545-
III., of Portugal, XIII. 715; XIX.
545-
: IV., of Portugal, XIII. 715; xix.
.548.
John v., of Portugal, Xlll. 715; xix.
549-
VI., of Portugal, xiii. 715; xix.
552; his regency ia Brazil, IV. 231.
■ , king of Saxony, Xlll. 715; xxi.
356-
III., king of Sweden, XXII. 748.
, Don, of Austria, XIII. 716; XVIII.
745; XXII. 329, 332; his mother, XX.
291; his intrigue to marry Mary,
queen of Scots, xviii. 525.
, the Eunuch, Byzantine officer, XVI.
226.
, Friar (Joannes de Piano Carpini),
his mission to China, v. 132, 628.
, Prester, of mediaeval writers, XIX.
714; I. 65; XVI. 745.
of Antioch, at the council of
Ephesus (431), XVII. 356.
of Asia, Sj-riac writer, XXII. 835.
' of Beth Garmai, Syriao writer,
XXII. 843.
of Damascus (Joannes Damascenus),
Byzantine theologian, vi. 7S9; XI. 147.
of Dara, Syriac writer, XXII. 846.
of Houay, Italian sculptor, xxi.
569.
of Dunstable, English musician,
XVII. 82.
of Ephesus, Syriac writer, xxil.
835-
of Florence (Giovanni de Marig-
nolli), Italian missionary, XV. 543; v.
628.
of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, VIIL
319. 327, 328; XIV. 255; XX. 541;
XXII. 320; his patronage of Wycliffe,
XXIV. .709.
of Giscala, Jewish party leader,
XIII. 427, 428.
of Harran, Syriac writer, XXII. 851.
of Leyden (Bockhold), Dutch Ana-
baptist, I. 787.
of Maron, foUfider of the ^aron-
ites, XV. 562; as Syriac writer, xxil.
848.
of Montecorvino, archbishop of
Peking, v. 628; xvi. 742.
of Mosul, SjTiac ^\Titer, XXII. 855.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII. 836.
of Procida, Sicilian liberator, v.
423-
of Ravenna, his contest with Pope
Nicholas I., xvir. 483.
of Eochelle, scholastic philosopher,
XXI. 427.
of Salisbury, early English writer,
XIII. 718; X.XI. 425.
of the Sedras, Syriac writer, XXII.
839-
, Apocalypse of, II. 179; xvi. 315.
. Epistles of, XIII. 707; relation of
First Epistle to the Gospel, X. 828.
.Gospel of, X. 818; III. 643;
Bretschneider's vie«rs on, IV. 262.
BAR Aphtonya, Syriac writer,
XXII. 833.
John bar Cursus, Syriac writer, xxii.
833-
BAR ZOBI, Syriac writer, xxii.
852.
Bull, History of, by Arbuthnot,
u. 325.
DE Brienne, king of Jerusalem,
xxiii. 162.
DE Cella, abbot of St Albans,
England, XX. 620.
Dory, fish, vii. 374.
Frederick, the Magnanimous,
elector of Saxony, XXI. 353.
George, elector of Brandenburg,
XX. 5.
George L, elector of Saxony, xxi.
354-
Sabha, Syriac writer, xxiL 835.
SiGiSMUND, elector of Branden-
burg, XX. 5.
SwERKERSON, Swedish king, XXII.
745-
Johnny Ludlow, tales by Mrs Henry
Wood, XXIV. 644.
JOHNSHAVEN, village, Scotland, xiv.
79-
Johns Hopkins University 'and
Hospital, Baltimore, U.S.A., xv.
604; xxiii. 857.
Johnson, Andrew, president of the
United States, XIII. 719 ; XXIO.
7S1.
(Janssen), Cornelius, Dutch painter,
XIII. 567.
, Esther, Dean Swiff b Stalla, xxii.
763-
, Francis, English Independent, XII.
724.
, Robert, English musician, xvii.^
87.
, Samuel, English essayist and
lexicographer, XIII. 719; his inter-'
course with Boswell, his biographer,
IV. 77; his relations with Burke, IV.
542; his dispute -n-ith Lord Chester-
field, V. 607; on.epitaphs, viii. 495^
on newspapers, XVII. 416; his influence
on English literatm-e, VIII. 428;
Boswell's ana of, i. 786.
Johnston, Albert Sidney, American
general, XIII. 730; XXIII. 776.
, Alexander Keith, Scottish , geo-.
grapher, xni. 730.
, Cuthbert W., on goats, I. 399.-
, John, naturalist, XX. 433 ; ' on
birds, XVIII. 4, 9.
, Joseph Eccleston, American Con-
federate general, XXIII. 777, 780.
Johnstone, river, Queensland, XX.
172.
, town, Scotland, Xlll. 730.
-JohnstonUS, Johannes, on birds, XVIIt.
4,9-
Johnstown, town,Peniisylvania,U.S. A,,
XIII. 730.
JOHORE, state, Malay Peninsula, X^III;
730; XV. 322.
XXV. - 3P
234
J O I — J O Y
JOIGNY, town, Prance, XIII. 731; popu-
lation, XXIV. 746.
Joinery, in building, iv. 485.
Joint, in law, xiii. 731.
Joints, in anatomy, I. 832; diseases of,
XXII. 685; injuries to, xxii. 6S2, 685.
, in building, IV. 462, 477, 479, 488.
, in mechanics, XIII. 731.
-, in rocks, x. 297.
Joint Stock Banks, hi. 322.
Joint Stock Coiip.\nies, vi. 221.
JOINVILLE, Jean de, French historian,
XIII. 733; IX. 646.
Joists, in carpentry, iv. 482.
JOKAI, Maurice, Hungarian novelist,
XII. 379.
JOKJOKARTA, town, Java, Xlll. 606.
JOKULL, mountains, Iceland, xii. 616.
JOLIB.'V, river, Africa, l. 253 ; xvil. 496.
JOLIET, town, Illinois, U.S.A., Xlll.
735-
Jolly's Pyrometer, xx. 131.
JOLO Archipelago, Philippine Islands,
xvi:i. 753. f
JOLOF, State, Senegambia, 'West Africa,
xxi. 663.
JOMELLI, Niicolb, Italian musician, Xlll.
736; XVII. 93.
JOMFRULAND, island, Norway, xvii.
576.
JOMiNi, Baron, French military tactician,
xiii. 736.
JOMMELLi, Kiccol6, Italian musical
composer, Xlli. 736; xvii. 93.
JONj Francois du (Junius), Hueuenot
xlivine, xiil. 778.
Jonah, Book of, xiii.-736; in. 639;
Greek allusions to Jonah's story, xvill.
560.
, , Eabbi, of Cordova, Jewish philo-
logist, XIII. 737.
TONAS, Justus, German Reformer, XIIL
——, Eunolphus, Icelandic grammarian,
XXI. 368.
'ONATHAN,. Targum of, xxill. 64.
, Brother, nickname for people of
United States, vi. 289; xxill. ^92.
^— Apphus (Slaccabaeut), Jewish high
priest, XIII. 422.
Wild, nov^l by Fielding, IX. 145.
Jones, Inigo, English architect, XIII.
73S; II. 442.
— ' — , Sir John, on sapping and mining,
IX. 456.
— , John Paul (Paul Jones), naval ad-
venturer, XIIL 738; XXIII. 744.
.— , Owen (1741-1S14), Welsh anti-
quary, XIII. 739; as patron of Welsh
literature, V. 314.
_>— , Owen (1809-1874), English art
4ecorator, Xlll. 739; on carpet-designs,
V. 131.
•— , Richard, English economist, xix.
377-
■ , Sir William, English Orientalist,
Jt'V. 739- ■
Jones, WOliam, English divine, xilL
740.
Jongleurs, mediaeval minstrels, vii.
413; XIX. 873.
JONKOPING, town, Sweden, Xlll. 740;
county, XXII. 741.
JONSON, Ben, English dramatist, xill.
741; vui. 421; his relation to Beau-
mont and Fletcher, in. 470; his influ-
ence on English comedy, VII. 432 ; his
contention with Dekker, VII. 38; at
Hawthornden, VII. 480; the London of,
XIV. 848; as writer of masques, xxiil.
225; as pastoral poet, xvin. 347;
on Shakespeare, xxi. 767.
JONSSON, Bo, Swedish noble, XXII. 746.
JOPLiN, town, Mis.9ouri, U.S.A., xin.
746.
JOPP.\, town, Palestine, xm. 746.
JOBLDAENS, Jacob, Flemish painter, Xiil.
746.
JORDAN, river, Palestine, xill. 746;
xviiL 171,
, Camille, French politician, xill.
747-
, Mrs, mistress of duke of Clarence
(William IV.), XXIV. 581.
JORDANES, historian of the Goths, xiii.
747; X. 847.
JORDANITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
JORDANS, EngUsh organ builders, xvii.
837-
JORis, David, French Anabaptist, vi.
844.
JORNANDES (Jordanes), historian of the
Goths, XIII. 747; X. 847.
JORTIN, John, English theological writer,
XIII. 749.
JORULLO, volcano, Mexico, I. 674.
JOSAPHAT AND Barl.\AM, Sts, Legen-
dary history of, in. 375; XX. 636.
JOSCELINE, duke of Louvain, xviii.
522.
JOSEITE, mineral, xvi. 381.
Joseph, tribe of Israel, xm. 749.
, husband of the Virgin Mary, XIIL
749; XV. 590; genealogy of, xni. 660.
I., emperor, XIII. 750.
II., emperor, XIIL 750; X. 504;
his reforms in Austria, in. 129.
, king of Portugal, xix. 550.
of Arimathea,in mediseval romance,
XI. 34; XX. 644. ■
—^ of Exeter, romancist, XX. 638.
of Hazza, Syriac wTiter, xxil. 838.
of Seleucia, Sj-riac writer, xxil.
837-
Andrews, novBl by Fielding, ix.
145-
Bonaparte, king of Soain, xxil
344-
— - DELORitE (Salnte-Beuve, qm^
French critic, XXI. 162.
Josephine, wife of Napoleon I., xiii.
751; her divorce, XVII. 215.
JosEPHSTADT, part of Pesth, Hungary,
XVIIL 691.
Josephus, .Flavins, Jewish historiaiv
XIIL 751, 427; his allusions to
Jesus Christ, XIII. 65S; on Phoenician
history, xviii. 807; on the topography
of Jerusalem, XXIII. 169.
Joshua, of Scripture, XIII. 75^.
, Jewish high priest, XXIV. 773.
, the Stylite, Syriac writer, XXIL
832.
, Book of, XVIIL 505.
Josiah, king of Judah, xiii. 753,
415-
JosiKA, Miklos or Nicholas, Baron,
Hungarian novelist, xin. 753; XIU
379-
JOSSELIN, torwn, France, xvi. 813.
JosT, Isaak Markus, German historical
writer, XIII. 754.
VAN Dyke, island. West Indies,
XXIV. 26t.
JOUBERT, Joseph, French writer, IX.
672.
JOUFFROY, Theodore Simon, French
philosopher, xin. 754.
Joule, James Prescott, his experiments
on heat, xi. 557; in magnetism, XV.
253; on the molecules of gases, in. 39;
his law of the connexion of heat and
work, VIII. 14, 56, 208; XXIL 478, 480.
J0URD.A.IN, Alfonse, count of Toulouse,
XIIL 755.
DE Blaves, romance, XX. 652.
Journal, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
DE Paris, newspaper, xvii. 425.
DES DiBATS, Pc-ris newspaper,
XVII. 425.
DES Savants, French periodical,
XVIII. 539.
DES Tr^voux, French journal
xviii. 539.
Journalism, xvii. 412. .
Journal to Stella, by Dean Swiiu
i:xii. 763.
journeyman Handicrafts, XIV. 172.
Journey to the Hebrides, by John-
son, XIIL 727.
JOURT, Kirghiz tent, x.xiil. 183.
Jousts, single combats, xxiii. 4S9.
JOUVENET, Jean, French painter, XIIL
755-
Joux, Fort de, in the Jura, France, Xlli.
7S2.
JOVE (Jupiter, j.v.), Roman god, xiii.
779-
JOVEl.LANOS, or Jove Llanos, Caspar
Melchor de, Spanish statesman aud
•vvriter, xin. 755; xix. 3S7; xxn.
343. 361.
, Salvador, president of Paraguay,
XVIIL 245.
JOVi.\NUS (Jovinianus), Roman monk
and heretic, XIII. 756; XVL 703.
, Flavius Claudius, or Jovian, Roman.
emperor, XIII. 755; XX. 779; inPersia»
XVIIL 609.
JoviNiACUM (Joigny), ancient town^
France, xin. 731.
J O V — J U N
235
JoviNlANUS, Roman monk and heretic,
XIII. 756; his warning against mona-
^chism, XVI. 703.
JOVius, Paulus, Italian historian, Xlll.
756.
JowARl (Sorghum), Indian grain, XVI.
321.
JOWF, or Jauf, district,. Arabia, II. 239,
254; XXIV. 740.
Joyce's Country, district, Qalway,
Ireland, X. 55.
Juan CJohn) I., king of Aiagon, xill.
715-
II.,.of Aragon, xiii. 716.
I. -I I., kings of Castile and Leon,
XIII. 716.
, Jorge, his Compendio de Nave-
gacion, xvii. 258.
JUANES, Vicente, Spanish painter, xill.
757-
J-UAN Fernandez, island, South Pacific,
XIII. 757; V. 617; IX. 99; humming
birds of, III. 745.
Juarez, Benito Pablo, president of
Mexico, XIII. 758.
JUBA, river, Africa, I. 255.
I.-II,, kings of Numidia, XIU. 759;
XVII. 627.
JUBAL, of Scripture, XIV. 238.
JUBBULPORE, district, India, XIII. ""8;
town, XIII. 529.
JUBE, in archite(^ure, 11. 466.
JUBEIL (JebeU), ancient town, Syria,
XIII. 613.
Jubilate, PurceU's, xx. 113.
Jubilee, or Jubile, Year of, in Israel,
XIIL 759.
Jubilees, Book of the, apocalyptic work,
II. 176.
Jubilee Year, in Roman Catholic
Church, XIII. 760.
JU.CAR, river, Spain, XXIV. 33.
JUDAH, tribe of Israel, XIII. 760, 400,
404; kingdom of, XIII. 412; territory
of, XVIII. 175.
Judaism, reUgiou of the Jews, xx. 361;
its iafluence on Christianity, v. 693;
Hellenistic, XVIII. 760 ; ' theism of,
XXIII. 243; La Abyssinia, I. 262.^
Judas, or Jude, St, xiii. 761.
IscARioT, apostle, xiii. ; 760;
legend of, XIII. 674.
■ MaccaB/EUS. Jewish leader, XV.
130; xiii. 421.
. MaccaB/EUS, Handel's oratorio,
XI. 436.
, Tree, piant, xiii. 761.
JUDD, Sylvester, American \Triter, I. 727.
JXTDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, XIII. 691.
JUDE, St, of Scripture, xiil. 761.
, Epistle of, XIII. 761 ; its corre-
spondence with 2 Peter, xvill. 698.
Judge, Judges, xiii. 762; position and
functions of, XIV. 365; XV. 216; Eng-
lish, as peers; XVIII. 460, 467; pre-
cedence of, XIX. 662; prerogatives of,
XIX. 673.
Judge Advocate General, of British
army, 11. 587.
Judges, Book of, xiii. 763; its narrative,
XIII. 400.
Judgment, in law, xiii. 764.
— r, in logic, xiv. 78S; analytic, l. 797;
Kant on, xiii. S54; Locke on, xiv.
760.
Judgments of the Sea, xxi. 583.
Judicature, xl 15
Acts, xiil 764; of 1873, 11. 209.
JUDICE5 Dativi, Roman,'xx. 789.
JUDJCES DE Clero, Roman, xx. 785.
Judicial Costume, vi. 476.
Judicial Notice, xvh. 597.
Judicial Procedure, in Roman law,
XX. 707, 711.
Judicial Tribunals, vi. 516.
Judiciary, of United States, xxiii. 751.
Judith, vdie of the emperor Louis I.,
XV. 16.
, Book of, in Apocrypha, Xlll. 765;
H. 181.
Judson, Adoniram. American mission-
ary-, XIII. 766.
Juel', Jens, Danish painter, vri. 93.
JUF, vaDey, Sahara, Africa, XXI. 150.
Juggernaut, or Jugannath, Indian god
and temnle, xviL 845; II. 397; xx.
115.
Jugglery, conju.Lng, xiv. 414.
Juglans, genus of trees, xxiv. 333.
JUGRA, town. Straits Settlements, Asia,
xxiL 587.
JUOURTHA, Numidian prince, Xlll. 766;
XVII. 627; his contest with Rome, XX.
758.
Jujube, tree and fruit, xiii. 767; xv.
12.
Jukes, Joseph Beete, English geologist,
XIIL 768.
Family, example of atavism, viii.
615.
JULAVER, Persian tSsurper, xviii. 633.
Jul6, son of Jenghiz Khan, XIII. 622.
JULEK, town, Syr-Daria, Central Asia,
XXII. 819.
JULFA, suburb of Ispahan, Persia, Xin.
394-
Julia, wife of Pompey, xix. 451.
Domna, wife of emperor Severus,
XXI. 699.
Julian, the Apostate, Roman emperor,
xiii. 768; XX. 779; as Neoplatonist,
XVII. 337; in Persia, xviii. 609; his
works at Paris, Xviil. 287.
, Cardinal, crusader, xxill. 642.
Alps, i. 630.
Calendar, iv. 667, 67a
Julianehaab. district. Greenland, XI.
170.
jULiANL Pedro (Pope John XXL), xiil.
711.
Julianite, mineral, xvi. 395.
Julian Period, in chronology, v. 711.
Julian's Edict, in Roman law, xx.
704.
JULiAfJ, Portuguese chancellor, xix.
541.
JULICH, town, Prussia, Xlll. 770.
Julich-Berg, German duchies of, XX.
9-
JULIEN, Noel (Stanislas Aignen Julien),
French Orientalist, xm. 770.
JULIERS (Jiilich), town, Prussia, XIII.
770.
Juliobona (LiUebonne), ancient town,
France, XIV. 642.
JULISCO, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
JULIUS I., pope, XIIL 771; XIX. 490.
II., pope, XIIL 771, 481; XX. 323;
his patronage of Michelangelo, XVI.
231-
III., pope, XIIL 772; XIX. 504; hia
relation to the council of Trent, XXIII.
547.
, duke of Brunswick, x. 529.
C/ESAR, Roman dictator, IV. 633.
See CjEsar.
Capitolinus, Augustan historian,
III. 74.
C^SAR, romance, XX. 639.
JULLUNDUR (Jalandhar), district, India,
XIIL 545; town, XIII. 546.
JULPIGOREE (Jalpaiguri). district and
town, India, XIII. 548.
JULUS, genus of Myriapoda, XVII. 118. :
July, month, xiii. 772.
, Revolution of (1830), France, ix.
619.
JUME, plant, Patagonia, XVIII. 353.
Jumet, town, Belgium, XIII. 772.
JUMlfeoES, town, France, XIli: 772.
JUMILLA, town, Spain, XIII. 772.
Jummoo (Jamu), town, India, Xlll.
564.
Jumna, river, India, Xin. 773 ; xvii.
572.
Jumper, mining implement, xvi. 444.
Jumping Hare, of South Africa, xill.
626; XV. 415, 420.
JUMPING Mouse, of Labrador, xm.
626.
JUNAGARH, state and town, India, XIII.
773-
June, month, xin. 773.
JUN6, Joachim, German naturalist, XX.
301.
, Johann Heinrich (Heim-ich Still-
ing), German mystic, xm. 774.
JUNGARS, or Sungars, tribe of Kalmuk
Tartars, IV. 710; XVI. 746.
Jung-Breslau (Inowi-azlawX town,
Prussia, xm. 91.
Jungermani>iie/E, class of Liverworts,
XVII. 68, 69.
JUNGLACHB, town, Tibet, XXIII. 340.
Jung-lam, road, Tibet, xxiii. 342.
Jungle-Almond Oil, xvii. 744.
Jungle-Fowl, bird, ix. 492.
JUNGMANN, Joseph, Bohemian wi-iter,
xxii. 152.
Juniper, tree, xm. 774 ; in U.S.A.,
XXIII. 810.
236
Junius, Franciscus (1545-1602), Hugue-
not divine, XIII. 778.-
, Franciscus(i589-i677), philologist,
XIII. 77S.
, Hadrianus, on the invention of
printing, XXIII. 689.
, Letters of, XIII. 775; 'X. 697; XVII.
417.
JUNKERTHUM, Prussian squirearchy,,
XX. 12.
JUNNAR, town, India, XIX. 461.
Juno, Koman goddess (the Greek Hera),
XIII. 778; XI. 679.
, asteroid, II. 807.
JUNOT, Andoche, duke of Abrantes,
French general; XIII. 779; XIX. 551.
, Laure Pernin, " duchess of
Abrantes, XIII. 779.
Junta, The Holy, of Avila, Spain, XXII.
328,
Jupiter, Roman god (the Greek Zeus),
XIII. 779.
, planet, II. 776, 7S2, 808; measure-
ments of, XVI. 250 ; parallax of,
XVIII. 246; eclipses of the satellites
of, X. 35; XIV. 584; as affected by
tidal friction, xxiil. 379.
Capitolinus, Temple of, at Rome,
XX. 824.
Panhellenius, Temple of, in
Mgms^ I. 181.
Stator, Temple of, at Rome, II.
416; XX. 821.
Jura, department, France, Xlll. 7.83.
, mountain range, France and Switz-
erland, XIII. 781; IX. 506.
, island, Scotland, XIII. 783.
Jurassic Rocks, geological system, x.
354-
JURiEu, Pierre, French Protestant
theologian, XIII. 783.
Jurisdictions, Heritable, in Soots law,
XI. 739.
Jurisprudence, xiv. 354 ; in Roman
law, XX. 698, 703; contributions to,
by Savigny, XXI. 326; by Thibaut,
XXIII. 301 ; by Zachariae, xxiv. 762;
Grotius's works on, xi. 220.
, Medical, XV. 778.
Jurjani, Fakhr-uddin Asad, Persian
poet, XVIII. 657.
Jury, Trial by, XIII. 783; XXIII. 555;
origin of, viii. 298; in cases of libel,
XIV. 507; venue of, xxiv. 162.
Jus, in Roman law, XX. 670.
Civile, in Roman law, XX. 678.
Devolutionis, old feudal custom.
in the Netherlands, IX. 575.
Gentium, in Roman law, xx. 695..
. Honorarium, in Roman law, xx.
695.
INTER Gentes, or- International
Law, XIII. 190.
Naturale, in Roman law, xx.
703.
Jussieu, De, family of French botanists
and naturalists, XIiI. 788.
J U N — K A H
Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de, French
botanist, XIII. 788; his classification,
IV. So; XVI. 838.
JusTi, Johann H. G., German economist,
XIX. 363.
Justice, its administration in primitive
communities, VIII. 624; the king the
fountain of, XIX. 673; Plato on, XIX.
203.
, judicial title, xill. 788. .
OF THE Peace, magistrate, XIII.
7S9; court of, XXII. 641.
Justiciary, High Court of, in Scotland,
XIII. 790.
Justification, Doctrine of, at the
council of Trent, XXIII. 546.
Justin (Justin Martyr), apologist and
martyr, xill. 790; his canon of Scrip-
ture, V. 7; on the Gospels, X. 816, 821,
822; on Neoplatonism, xvii. 335.
, Latin historian, xiil. 791.
, Gnostic leader, X. 702.
I., emperor of the East, XIII. 791.
If., emperor of tbe East, XIII. 792.
Justina, mother of Theodosius, I. 663.
Justinian I. (Flaviua Anicius Justini-
anus), emperor of the East, XIII. 792;
XI. 112; legislation of, VI. 105; xiii.
792; XX. 712; Theophilus's Life of,
XXIII. 253, 276.
IL, emperor of the East, XIII.
798.
, Aqueduct of, Turkey, II. 221.
, Code of, VI. 105; XX. 712.
JUSTINIANUS, Laurentius, St, X. 625.
Jute, vegetable fibre, Xlll. 79S; cultiva-
tion of. III. 568; in India, XII. 749;
factories in England, viii. 233; manu-
facture in India, xil. 763.
JUTERBOGK, town, Prussia, XIII. 803.
Jutes, ancient Teutonic people, II. 30;
in England, viii. 268.
Jutia, animal, Cuba, vi. 680.
Jutland, peninsula, Denmark, vii.
80.
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis),
Latin poet and satirist, Xlll. 804; xxi.
319; language and style of, xiv. 337;
his place in Roman literature, XX.
725-
JUXON, William, archbishop of Canter-
bury, XIII. 809.
T^ the eleventh letter cf the alphabet,
■•^J XIII. 810.
Kaaba, or Kaba, sacred shrine, at Mecca,
XIII. 810; II. 262; XV. 672; XVL 545,
559, 580; pUgrimage to, xix. 93.
Kaaden, town, Bohemia, xiii. 810.
Kaah, district, Sinai, Arabia, XXII.
KaaT, shrub, in Arabia, II. 238.
Kaba, gr Kaaba (q.v.), sacred shrine at
Mecca, Xill. 8io.
Kabah, ancient town, Central America,
XXIV. 7:0.
Kabalaki, mountain, Timor, Indian
Archipelago, xxiii. 397.
Kabara, town, West Africa, XVII. 497.
Kabardans, race of people, Caucasus,
V. 257.
Kabardine, perfume, XVII. 107.
Kabbalah, Jewish theosophy, xiil. 810;
XX. 490.
Kabinda, or Cabenda, town, Loango,
Africa, IV. 618; xrv. 743.
Kabir, Hindi \VTiter, XI. 844.
Kabis, town, Tunis, xxiii. 6.20.
Kabul, or Cabul, town and province,
Afghanistan, iv. 623.
Kabushan (Kuchan), town and district,
Persia, xiv. 152.
Kabyles, North-African tribes, Xlll.
814; 1. 564; XVIL 628; XXIII. 620.
Kachh (Cutch), state, India, VI. 730.
, Lake (Ranu or Runn) of, iv. 22.
Kacho (Cachao), town, Anam, iv. 624.
Kaczkowski, Polish novelist, XIX. 305.
Kadamat, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Kadamba, dynasty, Mysore, India, XVII.
123.
Kadapa (Cuddapah), district, India, VI.
689.
PCadesh, Hittite town, Syria, xxil. 821.
Kadi (Cadi), Moslem magistrate, xvi.
591; XXH. 624.
Kadin, wife of the Turkisn smian, XI.
478.
Kadir billah, caLph, xvi. 588.
Kadisiya, Persia, Battle of (637), XVI.
562; XVIII. 616.
Kadlubek, Vincent, Polish chronicler,
XIX. 299.
Kadmees, Parsee sect, India, xviii.
326.
Kadnikoff, town, Russia, XXIV. 283.
K.\dom, town, Russia, XIII. 815.
Kadur, district, India, XIII. 815.
Kae-fung Foo, town, China, xill. 823.
Kaempfer, Engelbrecht, German tra-
veller, XIIL 816; on Japan, XIIL 584.
Kaffa, district, Abyssinia, XIII. 816.
, town, Crimea, Russia, XXIII. 257.
Kaffraria, South Africa, xiii. 816.
Kaffres, race of people. South Africa,
XIII. 818; I. 263; V. 47; suicidal delu-
sion among (1857), v. 46; wars of, xill.
817; V. 45; languages of, XXIV. 828.
Kafiristan, country, Asia, xill. -820.
Kafirs, or Kaffres, race of people. South
Africa, XIIL 818.
, people of Kafiristan, Asia, Xlll.
821.
Kaftu, district, ancient Syria, XXIL
822.
Kagera, river, Africa, xvii. 505.
Kaghaa, bird, xvii. 354.
Kaghyzm.uj, town, Transcaucasia,
XXIII. 515.
Kagu, bird, xvil. 376; XX. 223; XXII.
653.
Kahir billah, caHph, xvi. 5S7.
K A H — K A N
237
Kahla, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
Kahlur, or Bilaspur, hill state, Punjab,
India, XIII. 823; III. 670.
Kahulawi, island, Hawaiian group: XI.
532-
Kaibals,- people, Russia, xxi. 251.
Kaid Bay Mosqub, Cairo, 11. 446.
Kaieteue, waterfall, Guiana, XI. 250.
ICai-fung Foo, town, China, Xlll. 823.
Kaikavus, Seljuk ruler, XXI. 637.
Kaikhosrau I., Seljuk ruler, xxi. 636.
II., Seljuk ruler, XXI. 637.
Kaikobad, Seljuk prince, XXI. 637.
Kailasa, or Kylas, Cave-chambers of,
EUora, India, II. 395.
Kailas Gangri, mountain, Tibet, XXIII.
340.
Kaim bi-amr-illah, caliph, xvi. 588.
Kainite, mineral, XV. 217; xvi. 402;
XIX. 588.
Kainsk, to^TO, Asiatic Russia, XXII. 1 1 ;
XXIII. 439.
Kaira, district .and town, India, XIII.
824.
Kairana, town, India, xvii. 1 14.
Kairwan, or Kairawan, town, Tunis,
XIII. 824; XXIII. 620; mosque at, xvi.
865.
Kais (Kish), island, Persian Gulf, xiv. '
lOI.
Kaisarieh (Csesarea), town, Asia Minor,
IV. 640; V. 75.
Kaisarvah (Cssarea Palestina), town,
Palestine, IV. 639.
Kaiser, title, xxiii. 418.
Franzensbad, watering-place, Bo-
hemia, IX. 724.
-i — Karlsbad (Carlsbad), town, Bo-
hemia, V. 112; XVI. 435.
Kaiserslautern, town, Bavaria, xili.
825.
Kaisers\verth, town, Prussia, Xlil.
825; deaconesses of, X Vi. 715; dea-
conesses' home at, IX. 307.
Kaisow Teas, v. 635
Kaithal, town, India, XIII. 825.
Kaivan, town, Persia, xvni. 627.
Kajar Dynasty, of Persia, xvill.^45.
Kajars, Turkish tribe, xxili. 66i.
Kara, New Zealand bird, xvii. 354,
Kaxapo, New Zealand bird, XIII. 825.
Kakars, Afghan clan, L 235.
Kakodyle Compounds, in chemistry,
XVI. 197.
Kakongo, district. West Airica, XIV.
742. See also iv. 625.
Kalabagh, town, India, xill. 826.
Kalahari Desert, South Africa, xvii.
168.
Kalah Sherghat, tbwn, Mesopotamia,
III. 183.
Kalamata, town, Greece, Xlll. 826;
XVL 53.
KaI-^mazoo, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XIII. S26.
Kalang, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
Kalatch, town, Russia, xiii. 826;
XXIV. 298.
Kalat-i-Ghilzai, fortress, Afghanistan,
I. 230.
Kalbe, town, Prussia, xill. 826.
Kalcker, John de (Calcar), German
painter, IV. 653.
Kalda, district, Mesopotamia, XVI.
51-
Kale, Scotch, vegetable, iv. 617; xii.
279.
Kaleege, Indian pheasant, xviii.
733
Kaleidoscope, optical instrument,
xiiL 826; XIV. 587; Brewster's in-
vention of, IV. 276.
Kalenberg (Calenberg), principality,
Hanover, IV. 664.
Kalends, first day of Roman month,
IV. 665.
Kalewala, Finnish epic poem, IX, 219;
XVH. 158.
K-J-Gan, town, China, xin. 828.
Kalhat, coast region, Arabia, II. 255.
Kalhora Dynasty, Sind, India, xxii.
92.
Kalidasa, Sanskrit writer, XIII. 828;
VII. 397; XXI. 285.
Kalilah and Dimnah, Book of, in.
666; ancient Syriac version, XXJI.
850.
Kalinga, ancient kingdom, India, Xlll.
829.
Kalingapatam, town, India, XIII. 829.
Kalish, town, Russian Poland, X.III.
829; treaty of (1813), XXII. 531;
government, XIX. 309.
Kalitvenskaya, Don Cossack village,
Russia, XIII. 829.
Kali-Yug, Hindu chronology, v. 719.
Kalladakurchi, town, India, xxiii.
405.
Kalligenei A, Greek festival, xxm. 295.
Kalmar (Calmar, j.v.), town, Sweden,
IV. 710.
Kalmuks, Kalmucks, or Calmucks,
Mongol tribes, iv. 710; xvi. 745, 749;
XXIII. 70.
Kal Mura, river, Persia, XVIII. 626.
Kalmykoff, town, Russia, vi. 24.
Kalna, town, India, xni. 829.
Kalocsa, or Kalocza, tovra, Hungary,*
XIII. 829; observatory at, xvii. 713.
Kalong, bat, in Java, ix. 352.
Kalpeni, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Kalpi, town, India, XIII. 830.
Kaluga, government, Russia, XIII. 830;
XXI. 69; town, XIII. 830.
Kalvariya, town; Russia, xill. 830.
Kalw, town, Wurtemberg, XIII. 830.
Kalwarya, town, Russian Poland, XXII.
728.
Kalyan, tosvn, India, xxiii. 221.
Kalyazin, town, Russia, xxm. 672.
K^MA, river, Russia, XIV. 20; xviii.
549; XXIV. 279.
Kamachia (Shemaha), ancient town,
Persia, xxi. 794.
Kamakhya, Temple of, at Ngw-gong,
India, xvii. 6og.
Kamal, town, Madui-d, Indian Archi-
pelago, XV. 193.
KAiLALA, drug, XIII. 831.
Kamalia, town, India, XV 1. 789.
Kamasins, people, Russia, KXI. 251.
Kambangan, Nusa, island, Java, xill.
600.
Kambay (Cambay), town and gull,
India, IV. 723.
Kamboja (Cambodia), kingdom, Indo-
Chinese Peninsula, IV. 723; XXI.
854.
Kamburg, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
Kamchadales, people of Kamchatka,
XIII. 832.
Kamchatka, peninsula Siberia, Xlli.
831.
, Sea of, XVIII. 1 16,
Kameel, or KamU, sovereign of Egypt,
VI. 630; VII. 754.
Kamenets, town, Podolia, Russia, XIII.
832; XIX. 254.
Kam£nz, town. Saxony, xiii. 832.
Kames, Lord, Scottish philosopher and
judge, XIII. 833; on beauty, i. 222;
his method of improving moss land,
1.404.
Kamichi, bird, xxl 552.
Kamil (Hami), town. Central Asia, Xl.
409.
, El, sovereign of Egypt, v^ 630;
vn. 754.
Kammeralists, German economists,
XIX. 363.
Kammereritk, mineral, XVI. 414.
Kammersee, lake, Austria,' XXI. 241.
Kammin, town, Prussia, XIII. 833.
Kamoz, tribe, Kafiristan, Xlll. 822.
Kampen, town, Holland, xill. 833;
XVIII. 78.
Kampongs, village groups, Sumatra, I.
96.
Kampot, seaport, Cambodia, IV. 725.
Kamptee (Kamthi), town, India, XIII.
834; XVII. 164.
Kamptulicon, floor-cloth, vi. 402; xiv.
676.
Kamrup, district, India, xill. 833.
Kamsa, Gabriel, Syriac hymn-writer,
XXII. 855.
Kamtchatka, or Kamchatka, penin-
sula, Siberia, XIII. 831.
Kamthi, town, India, XIII. 834; xvil.
164.
Kamuishin, town, Russia, XIII. 834;
XXI. 305.
Kamurgi, Ali, Ottoman general, XI.
121.
Kamyshin (Kamuishin), town, Russia,
xin. 834; XXI. 305.
Kanada, Hindu philosopher, his cate-
gories, V. 222.
Kanagawa, town, Japan, xxiv. 745.
238
■Kanala, New Caledonia, Nickel-mines
of, XVII. 376.
Kananur, to^vn, India, xiil. 834; xv.
312.
Kanaka, North, district, India, Xlll.
S34.
, South, district, India, XIII. 835.
Kanaster Tobacco, XXIII. 425.
KanauJ, to«-n, India, Xlli. S35; IX. 42.
Kanawha, river, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 51S.
Kanbil (Kamala), drug, XIII. 831.
Kandahar, U>vnx, Afghanistan, Xlll.
835.
iKandavu, island, Fiji group, IX. 156.
Kandelberg, mountain. Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
Kandhs, tribe, India, XV. 185.
Kandi, town, India, XIII. 837.
Kandjur, Tibetan Buddhist books',
XIV. 229.
Kandukur, town, India, XVII. 321.
Kandy, town, Ceylon, xiii. S37.
Kane, Elisha Kent, American explorer,
XIII. 837; XIX. 322.
Kaneff, to\ra, Russia, XIII. 838.
Kanemi, Mahomet el-Amin el, sheikh
of Bornu, Central Africa, IV. 62.
Kangaroo, marsupial mammal, xiii.
838; HI. in; XV. 382.
Island, South Australia, xxil.
286.
Leather, xiv. 389.
Kang-he, emperor of China, v. 650.
Kang-Kao (Cancao), town, Cambodia,
IV. Soo.
Kangra, district, India, xill. 841; XX.
log; town, XIII. 841.
Kanhwara, town, India, xxi. 665.
Kaniapuscaw, lake, Labrador, xiv.
175-
Kanieff, or Kaneff, town, Russia, Xlll.
838.
Kanishka, Buddhist king, North-West
India, XII. 7S4; XVIII. 606.
Kanizsa-N.\gv, to%vn, Hungary, XIII.
842.
Kankakee, town, lUinois, U.S.A., xiii.
S42.
Kanker, state, India, XX. 257.
Kano, or Kino, drug, XIV. 90.
■ , town. Central Africa, XIII. 842;
xxil. 248, 279.
Kanoje (Kanauj), tovm, India, xill.
835; IX. 42.
Kansas, State, U.S.A., xill. 842; popu-
lation, xxiii. 802.
• City, town. Kansas, U.S.A., xxiv.
704.
City, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XIII.
S44; XVI.- 526; XXIV. 704.
Kansas-Nebraska Act, U.S.A., xxiii.
770.
Kansk, town, Siberia, xxiv. 743.
Kanstatt (Canstatt), town, Wurtem-
berg, V. 26; XXII. 613; XXIV. 701.
Kan-Suh, province, China, v. 638.
K A N — K A E
Kant, Immanuel, German philosopher,
XIII. 844; X. 540; his doctrine of
antinomies, II. 130; on mental asso-
ciation, II. 732; on axiomatic prin-
ciples, III. 159; on the beautiful, I.
217; his doctrine of the categories, V.
224; on deism and theism, XXIII. 235,
246; his ethics, VIII. 609; on evolu-
tion, VIII. 761; on induction and
analogy, I. 791; his view of Jesus
Christ) XIII. 669; his influence on
English literature, VIII. 432; his logic,
XIV. 795, 799; his metaphysics, xvi.
82; on-optimism and pessimism, XVIII.
687; on philosophy, xviil. 794; his
influence on German rationalism, XX.
290; his attitude towards scepticism,
XXI. 3S3; Jacobi's criticism of, XIII.
538; his reply to Hume compared
with Reid's, XX. 351.
Kanteletar, Fiimish lyric poetry, IX.
220.
Kantemir, Antiokh, Kussian satirist,
XXI. 105.
Kantvsee, mountain, Tibet, XXIII. 340.
Kanuri, Negro tribe, Bornu, iv. 61.
Kanzego, town, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
Kao, island. South Pacific, IX. 779.
Kaolin, porcelain clay, XIV. 1,90; XVI.
424; XIX. 600, 633; of St Yrieix,
France, xiv. 651.
Kapila, Hindu sage, iv. 209; XXI. 291.
(Hardwar), town, India, XI. 475.
Kapilavastu, origin of Buddhism at,
IV. 425.
Kappel, S^vitzerland, Battle of (1531),
JCX. 334; XXII. 790; XXIV. 612.
Kapuas, river, Borneo, iv. 56.
Kapunda, town. South Australia, XXII.
284.
Kapurthala, state, India, Xiv. 2.
Kara, river, Russia, xxi. 73.
Karabagh, ihanate, Caucasia, XXI.
849.
Karaboghaz, gulf, Caspian Sea, v. 178.
Kara-Butak, town, Siberia, XXIII. 627.
Kar.\chi (Kurrachee), district, India,
XIV. 160; town, XIV. 161.
Karad, toNvn, India, XXI. 317.
Kara-Dagh, mountain, Persia, XIV.
66.
Kara-Daria, river. Central Asia, xxil.
818.
Kar,\ftu, or Karaf uto (Saghalin), island,
North Pacific, XXI. 147.
Karagasses, or Karagases, Ural- Altaic
people, Siberia, xxi: 251; XXIL 8;
xxin. 70.
Karageorgevich (Czerny George),
Servian leader, VI. 755; XXL 689.
Kara-Hissar, three towns, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 2.
Karaites, Jewish sect, xiv. 2: in
Russia, XXI. 79.
Karakalpaks, Tartar tribe, XIV. 64.
Karakash, town, Turkestan, XIV. 67.
Kara-Kirghiz, Tartar tribe, xiv. 94.
Karakol, town, Russia in" Asia, XX».
641.
Karakorum, town. Central Asia," XIV.'
2 ; Mongol palace at, xvi. 742.
, mountain range, XIV. 2; II. 684;
XXIII. 340; pass, XIV. 2, 153; XXIII.
340-
Karakul, lake. Central 'Asia, xvii;.
103.
K ara-kum, desert, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, XXII. 820; XXIII. 511.
K.\Raman (Caraman), town, Asiatic
Turkey, v. 82; XV. 92.
, Turkish principality, Asia Minor,
XXIII. 640.
Karamania (Caramania), district,
Asiatic Turkey, v. 82.
Karamita, Moslem sect, xvi. 586,
594-
Kara Mustapha, Turkish vizier and
general, XIX. 296; XXIII. 645.
Karamzin, Nikolai MikhaUovich,
Russian writer, XIV. 3; XXI. 106.
Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean, xvii. 604.
Karashar, town, Turkestan, xxili.
639-
Kara Strait, Arctic Ocean, xvii. 604.
Karasu-Bazar, town, Russia, xiv. 3.
Kara-tau, mountains, Syx-Daria, Asia,
XXII. 820.
Karatays, race of peoplj, Russia, XVi.
S13.
Karatchai^ tribe of Tartars. Russia,
XIV. 150; xxiii. 70.
, Karatcheff, town, Russia, xiv. 4;
XVII. 826.
Karategin, country, Central Asia,
XIV. 4.
Karauli, state, India, xiv. 4; XX. 260;
town, XIV. 4.
Karawanken, mountains, Styria,
Austria, XXIL 614.
Karczag, town, Hungary, XIV. 5.
Kardec, AUan, French spiritualist,
XXII. 407.
Kardjordje (Czerny George), Servian
leader, VI. 755; XXI. 689.
Kardsz.\g (Karczag), town, Hungary,
XIV. 5. •
Karelians, race of people, Russia, Xiv.
307; XVII. 764.
Karelinite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Karema, town, Tanganyika, Africa,
XXIV. 763.
Karens, race of people. Siam and
Burmah, XXL 852.
Kargalyk, town, Turkestan, xxill.
639: XXIV. 728.
Karharbari, coalfield, India, Xll.
737
KarikaL, town, India, xiv. 5.
Karim Kh.\n, Persian rUler, xvill.
644.
Karimon Djawa, islands, Java, xill.
600.
Karkar (Curzola), town, Dalmatia, VL
728.
I
K A R — K A V
239
KarraraliKsk, town, Asiatic Bnssia,
XXI. 639.
Karl, Teutonic freeman, xvii. 529.
, or Carl, name. See Charles.
— -— Friedrich, margrave .of Baden,
German economist, xix. 363.
K.A.RLI, India, Cave temples of, II. 394.
Karljohansw^rn (Horten), town,
Kcrway, xil. 209.
ICrlshaven (Carlshamn), town,
Sweden, V. 112.
Karlsruhe (Carlsruhe), town, Baden,
V. 11:.
KARLSTADT(Carlstadt), district, Bavaria,
V. 113.
Karluks, Turkisli tribe, XXIII. 659.
Karman, or Kirman, .to«Ti, Persia,
XVIII. 627, 628.
KARiLVNi.4 (Kirman), province, Persia,
XJV. 99.
Karm.^nsh.^h, or Kirmanshalian, town,
Persia, xiv. 100; xvin. 628.
Karmathuns, or Karmatliites, Mo-
hammedan people, Arabia, n. 259, 722;
XIV. 15; XVL 586, 594.
Karnac, Egypt, Temple of, II. 390; vii.
777-
Karnal, district, India, Xiv. 5; XX.
109; town, XIV. 5.
Karnten, or Carinthia, crown-land,
Austria, v. 106; XXIL 614.
Karnul, district and town, Madras,
India, XIV. 5, 6.
Karolostadt, or Carlstadt (A R
Bodenstein), German Reformer, v. 113.
Karons, Papuan tribe, New Guinea,
XVII. 388.
Karpinski, Fianciszek, Polish poet,
XIX. 303.
Karroo, plateau. Cape Coionv, v. 42.
Kars, town, Transcaucasia, Russia, xiv.
6; XXIIL 515; government, XXIII. 51^.
Karsch, Anna Louisa, German poetess,
X. 534.
Karshi, town. Central Asia, Xiv. 6.
Karsten, Karl J. B., on iron and steel,
KIIL 2S2; his proce^ of lead-smelting,
xiv. 377.
Karstenite, mineral, xvi. 400.
Kartchum, town, Turkestan, XXIV.
728.
Karthu Language, Georgia, x.
433-
Kartum (Khartum), town, Egypt, XTV.
58; L 267; XVII. 507, 610.
Karun, river, Persia, XV. 68; XVIIL
620; XXI. 849.
Karwar, town, India, xiv. 7.
Karwars, Papuan idols. New Cluinea,
XVII. 38S.
Karyokinesis, process in nnimal tissue-
cells, XIX. 833.
Kasakstadt, town, Russia, XIX. 284.
KaSaN, or Kazan (j.f.), Russia, XIV. 20;
observatory at, xvii. 714.
Kasanlik, town, Boumelia, Turkey,
XIV. 7.
Kasbin, or Casbui,town, Persia, V. 174;
XVIII. 627, 628.
Kaschau, town, Hungary, xiv. 7.
K.\SEEM, valley, Arabia, II. 239.
Kash.\n (Cashan), town, Persia, V. 175;
XVIII. 626.
Kashba Banlachang, town, India,
XXII. 810.
Kashgar, town, Turkestan, xiv. 7;
XXIIL 639.
Kashi, glazed ornamentation of Oriental
buildings, XIV. 8.
Kashin, town, Russia, XIV. 9; xxiIi.
672.
Kashira, town, Russia, xxiil 605.
K.\SHK.\R, state, Hindu Kush, xiv. 9;
XI. 838.
ICashmir, or Cashmere, Central Asia,
valley and state, XIV. 9; XI. 823;
dictionaries of language of, vii. 191;
shawls of, XXI. 781.
Kashn.4 (Katsejia), town. Central Africa,
XIV. 15; XXII. 279.
Kashoubish Language, Slav dialect,
XXIL 151, 154.
K.^SID.\, variety of Persian poetry,
XVIII. 656; XXIIL 656.
Kasika Vritti, Sanskrit commentaries,
XXL 292.
Kasimbazar, town, India, xiv. 14.
Kasi.mi, Persian writer, X\1U. 657..
Kasimoff, town, Russia, xrv. 14; xxi.
116.
Kasimukhl^ns, Caucasian tribe, Xiv.
475-
KivsiPUR, town, India, XXIII. 59.
Kasmark, town, Hungary, xiv.'53.
Kasplya, river, Russia, xxil. 183.
Kasr, part of remains of Babylon, IIL
18
al-Kebir, town, Morocco, xvi.
834-
KaSSAI, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
XXIV. 764.
Kassina (Katsena), town, Central Africa,
XIV. 15; XXIL 279.
Kassowitz, M., his researches on
rickets, xviii. 374.
Kastamuni, town, Asia Minor, xiv. 14;
province, XXIII. 653.
Kastenbein, Charles, his type-setting
machine, XXIII. 701.
Kastoria, town, European Turkey,
XIV. 14.
Kastro, town, Imbros, .ilgean Archi-
pelago, Xll. 715.
, town, Lemnos, Turkey, XIV. 436.
, town, Siphanto, Greek Archipelago,
XXIL 95.
Kasvin (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174;
XVIIL 627, 628.
KaSZUBEs, race, Russian Poland, xix.
309.
tC.\T, Egj-ptian weight, xxiv. 486.
Katabolism, destructive processes in
physiology, XIX 13, 19, 22, 50; XXL
724-
Katahdin, mountain, Maine, TJ.S.A,
XV. 29S; XXIIL 792.
K\TAPHRYG1ANS, early Christian sect,
XVI. 775.
Kataplous, Lucian'a dialogue, XV. 45.
Katar, pearl-fishery coast, Arabia, 17
254.
Katastates, in physiology, XIX. 19.
Katav-Iv.\novsk, town, Russia, XXIII.
717-
Katchup (Ketchup), sauce, xiv. 54.
Kater, Henry, English physicist, xiv.
14.
Katharine. See Catherine.
Kathiawar, district, India, XTV. 14.
KATHM.\NDU(Khatmandu),town, Nepal,
XIV. 59; xvii. 342.
Katif, town, Arabia, xiv. 15.
Kators, people, Kafiristan, Asia, Xlil.
821.
KATRINE, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217;
XVIIL 666; XXIL 553; aqueduct from,
II. 224; water-works of, X. 642.
K\TSEN.\, town. Central Africa, Xiv. 15;
XXIL 279.
Kattowitz, town, Prussia, Xiv. 15.
Katty- Kurgan, town. Russian Turke-
stan, XXIV. 782.
K.=lTT\^VAR (Kathiawar), district, India,
XIV. 14.
Katunskiy-E B'i'ELKI, mountains,
Siberia, xxill. 438.
Katw.\, town, Bengal, India, xrv. 15.
Katyayana, Sanskrit grammarian, xxL
292.
Katzbach, river, Prussian Silesia, xxil.
52; battle of the (1813), xvii. 220.
KA.TZENKOPF, mountain, Wurtemberg,
XXIV. 699.
K-4UAI, island, Hawaiian group, XL
532-
Kaufbeuren, town, Bavaria, xiv. 16.
Kauffman, Angelica, Swiss artist,
XIV. 16.
Kaufmann Peak, mountain, Turke-
stan, XXIIL 633.
Kaulbach, Wilhelm von, German
painter, XIV. 16.
Kau-lung, suburb of Hong Kong,
China, XIL 141.
K.A.UMENES, islets, Thera, Greece, XXIIL
2 So.
Kaune (Kovno), town, Russia, xiv.
146.
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, Austrian
statesman, xiv. 1.8; IX. 587.
Kaup, Johann J., on birds, XVIIL 14, 15.
K.\URI, tree, of New Zealand, IX. 407;
gum of, IIL 67; xvu. 469.
Kava, intoxicating drink, of South Sea
Islands, xiv. 18.
Kavadh I., ruler of Persia, XVIIL 611.
■- 11., of Persia, XVIIL 615.
Kavahine, crvstaUine principle in kava,
XIV. 18.
Kavala, town, European Turkey, XIV.
240
KavaNAOH, Julia, Iiish novelist, xiv.
19.
Kavele (TTjiji), town, Central Africa,
XXIII. 719.
Kavelin, Constantine, Kussian jurist,
XXI. 108.
Kaveri, or Cauvery, river, India, XIV.
19; XV. 184; XVII. 123; XXIII. 47.
Kavir, salt deserts. Persia, xiv. 66;
XVIII. 621.
Kawar (Bilma), town, Central Africa,
III. 678.
Kawi, Java, Language and inscriptions
of, XIII. 608.
Kawin, balsamic resin, XI v. 18.
Ka\vr.\ti, islaid, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Kaws, American- Indian tribe, XII. 832.
Kay, John, Scottish caricaturist, xiv.
'19.
, John, English watchmaker, asso-
ciate of Arkwright, II. 541.
Kayak, Eskimo canoe, vili. 545.
Kayalpatnam, town, India, xxill.
405.
t^AYASTHS, race of people, India, xvui.
72.
Kaye (Caius), John, English physician,
XV. 808; founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, iv. 648.
, Sir John William, historian of
lidia, XIV. 19.
Kayeli, kingdom, Celebes, v. 290.
Kaza, Turkish administrative division,
XXIII. 654.
Kazaks, Mongol tribes, XIV. 95; xvi.
749-
Kazala, town. Central Asia, XIV. 20.
Kazalinsk (Kazala), town, Central
Asia, XIV. 20; XXII. 820, 821.
Kazan, government, Russia, xiv. 20;
XXI. 69.
, town, Eussia, XIV. 20; XXI. 70;
observatory at, xvii. 714; university,
XXIII. 852.
ICazanlik, department, RoumeUa, XXI.
22.
Kazan Tartars, xxiii. 70.
Kazbek, mountain, Caucasus, V. 252.
Kazbin (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174.
Kaz-Dagh, mountains, Asia Minor, 11.
706.
Kazim, Mohammed, his description of
Assam, 11. 719.
Kazimierz (Casimir; I., king of Poland,
XIX. 286.
n., of Poland, XIX. 287.
i III., of Poland, XIX. 288.
IV., of Poland, jcix. 289.
Kazinczy, Ferencz, Hungarian writer,
XIV. 21; XII. 377.
Kazvin (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174;
XVIII. 627, 628.
KAZ^VINI, Zachariah b. Mohammed al,
Arabian geographer, X. 178.
Kea, New Zealand parrot, xvii. 354,
Kea-King, emperor of China, v. 651.
K A V — K E N
Kean, Charles John, English actor, xiv.
21.
, Edmund, English actor, Xiv. 2 1 ;
his cottage in Bute, IV. 580.
, Moses, English pantomimist, XIV.
22.
Keang-Nan (Nanking), ancient town,
China, xvil. 172.
Keang-ning, town, China, xvii. 171.
Keang-SE, province, China, v. 635.
Keang-SOO, province, China, v. 635.
Keats, John, English poet, xiv. 22.
Kebars, Papuan tribe. New Guinea,
XVII. 388.
Keble, John, English poet, XIV. 24;
hymns by, XII. 595.
College, Oxford, xviii. 97.
Kecho, town, Tong-King, iv. 624; vi.
96.
Kecskemet, town, Hungary, xiv. 26.
Kedabek, Transcaucasia, Russia, Copper
works at, XXIII. 514.
Kedah, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
Kedarnath, Temple of, Himalayas,
XI. 835.
Keel, of a ship, xxi. 819.
Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean, xiv.
26; XXIL 586.
Keene, town. New Hampshire, U.S. A,
XVII. 392.
Keen-Lung, emperor of China, v. 650.
Keep, or Donjon, in architecture, 11
466.
KEEVE, TniniT)g tub, XVI. 465.
Keewatin, or Kewatin, district, North-
West Territory, British America, xvii.
573-
Keff, or Kef, town, Tunis, Xiv. 27,
XXIII. 620.
Keffi Abd es-Senga, town, Sokoto,
Africa, xxii 279.
Kefnekaise, mountain, Sweden, xxii.
736.
Kehl, suburb of Strasburg, Germany,
xxii. 589.
Keighley, town, England, xrv. 27;
population, xxiv. 748.
Kei Islands, Indian Archipelago, xiv
27
Keilberg, mountain, Germany, viii
533-
Keilhau, Germany, Educational es-
tablishment at, IX. 793.
KeilhaUITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
Keill, James, Scottish physician, XV.
812; XXIV. 97.
, John, on the invention of the cal-
culus, XIII. 9.
Keim, Theodor, German theologian, xiv.
28; his Jesu von Nazara, XIII. 672.
Keiser, Reinhard, German musician,
XVII. 92,
Keith, Scottish family, earls marischal
of Scotland, xiv. 28.
, Francis Edward James, Prusoian
marshal, JsTV. 28.
Keith, George, Quaker, friend of Penn,
XVIII. 496.
Keitum, town, Schleswig, xxn. Sio.
Kej, town, Baluchistan, XIV. 28.
Kelani-Ganga, river, Ceylon, v. 360.
Kelantan, district, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 322.
Kelif-Usboi, valley, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxiii. 512.
Kelisman, town, Asia Minor, v. 818.
Keller, Gottfried, Swiss writer, xxil.
800.
Kellermann, Francois Christophe,
French marshal, xiv. 29.
Kellett, Sir Henry, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 32?.
Kellgren, johan Henrik, Swedish
poet and critic, xiv. 29; XXII. 756.
Kellie, Earl of, claimant of earldom ef
Mar, XV. 525.
Kells, town, Ireland, XIV. 29.
, Book of, Irish MS., xvill. 158.
Kelly, Edward, astrologer, VTi. 22.
, Thomas, Irish hymn-v.-riter, XII.
595-
, WOliam, his improvements in the
cotton-spinniug mule, vi. 497.
, William, Plymouthist, XIX. 23'>
Kelp, source of iodine, xiv. 29; i. 508.
Kelp-Pigeon, bird, xxi. 782.
Kelso, town, Scotland, XIV. 30; XXI.
34-
Kelt, salmon, xxi. 225.
Keltai, or Celts, (g.D.), v. 297.
Kelvin, river, Scotland, x'xii. 553.
Kem, name for Egypt, vil. 70a
Kemal Bey, Ottoman writer, xxill.
657-
Kemal Pasha-zada, Turkish wnter,
xxiu. 656.
Kemaman, district, Malay Archipelago,
XV. 322.
Kemble, Charles, English actor, XIV. 30.
, John Mitchell, English scholar and
historian, XIV. 30.
, John Philip, English actor, Xiv.
31-
, Sarah (Mrs Siddona), English
actress, XIV. 31; XXII. 32.
Kempelen, Baron, his chess-playing
automaton, XV. 210.
Kempis, Thomas a, mediaeval writer,
XIV .31; XI. 208; XVII. 134.
KEilPLEY, Gloucestershire, England,
Church at, xvii. 45.
Kempten, town, Bavaria, xiv. 33.
Ken, Thomas, English non-juring
bishop, XIV. 33; hymns by, Xll. 592.
Kendal, town, England, xiv. 34; xxiv.
515, 516.
Kendi, Arab Christiaii apologist, xxilf
848.
Kendrapara, town, India, xvil. 845.
Kendrew, John, inventor of flax-
spinning apparatus, xiv. 664.
Keneh, or Kine, town, Egypt, vil.
776.
K E N — K H A
241
KENELM Chillingly, Lytton's novel,
XV. 123.
Kenia, mountain, Africa, I. 250; dis-
covered by Krapf, I. 246, 250.
Kenilworth, town, England, xiv.
35-
Kenites, people, south of Palestine,
XVIII. 175.
Kenmare, river, Ireland, XIV. 51.
Kennebec, river, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
Kennedie, Walter, early Scottish
writer, XXL 541.
Kennedy, James, Scottish bishop and
statesman, xxi. 494.
— , John Pendleton, American essayist,
1. 723.
, Quintine, Knox's dispute with,
XIV. 132.
, Thomas Francis, Scottish poli-
tician, XIV. 35.
, William, Arctic explorer, xix.
321-
Kennet, river, England, xxili. 220;
XXIV. 594.
, White, bishop of Peterborough,
XIV. 35.
Avenue, Avebury, Wilts, Eng-
land, III. 144.
Kenneth I., Mac^lpine, king of Scot-
land, XXI. 477.
II., of Scotland, XXI. 479.
Kennicott, Benjamin' English Heb-
raist, XIV. 36
Kenosha, town, Wisconsin, U.SJi..,
XIV. 36.
Kensington, mrt of London, xiv. 36,
822.
Gardens, Jjonaon, xiv. 824.
Kent, county, England, XIV. 36; P9pu-
lation and representation, xxiil. 727;
dialect of, viii. 391; hop-growing in,
IV. 272; breed of sheep, l. 392.
, James, American jurist, XIV^ 4...
, William, English artist and
landscape gardener, Xiv. 40.
Kentigern, St, Celtic missionary,
XIV. 40; XXI. 474.
Kentish Dialect, vin. 391.
Kentish Plover, bird, xiv. 76.
Kents, breed of sheep, l. 392.
Kent's Hole, cave, Devonshire, Eng-
land, II. 115; V. 267; VII. 140.
Kentucky, State, U.S.A., xiv. 41;
population, xxm. 802; caves of, v.
266 ; xv. 448 ; mule-breeding in,
XVIL 14.
Kenyon, Lord, English chief-justice,
XIV. 45.
Keokuk, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xiv. 45.
Kephalos, villages, Paros, Greece,
XVIIL 319.
Kepler, Johann, German astronomer,
XIV. 45; n. 752; on astrology, n. 743;
on infinites in geometry, XIII. 5; his
laws of planetary motion, 11. 779; xv.
708; xvn. 441; on Napier's logar-
ithms, XVII. 1 82; on the lunar theory,
XVI. Soo; his telescope, XXIII. 136;
on the tides, XXIII. 355.
Keppel, province, Nortli Borneo, xxi.
123.
Keraits, Mongol tribe, xvi. 743, 744.
Kerak, towTi, Syria, xiv. 48; site of,
X. 30.
Keras, Greek trumpet, xxill. 593.
Keratitis, eye disease, xvii. 780.
Keraulophon, organ pipe, xvii. 832.
Kerbela, town, Asiatic Turkey, xiv.
48; pilgrimages to, XIX. 93; battle of
(6S0), XVL 568; district, xvi. 52.
Kerbing, of footways, xx. 588.
Kerboga, prince of Mosul, vi. 626.
Kereli Col, lake, Asia Minor, II. 709;
XI II. 3S4.
Kerensk, to-n-n, Russia, xviii. 515.
Keresztes, Hungary, Battle of (1596),
XXIII. 644.
Kergonan, France, Cromlech at, xxi.
51-
Kerguelen's Land, island. Southern
Ocean, xiv. 48; discovery of, xix.
329-
Kerivoula, genus of bats, xv. 411.
Kerkhah, river, Persia, xv. 68.
Kerkuk, or Kerkook, town, Asiatic
Turkey, Xiv. 49.
Kerkyra (Corcyra), ancient tomi,
Greece, VI. 396.
Kerl, Johann Caspar, German musician,
XVII. 90.
Kerlescant, ancient monuments,
Carnac, France, V. 118; XXI. 51.
Kerman (Kirman), pro\'incc, Persia,
XIV. 99; XXL 635.
Kermanji, Kurdish language, XIV. 157.
Kermanshah, town and district, Persia,'
XIV. 100; xviii. 628.
Kerm.^rio, ancient monuments, Camac,
France, v. iiS; xxL 51.
Ke.rmes, insect and crimson dye from
it, XIV. 49.
Kermesite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Kerner, Anton, on Alpine plants, l.
634.
, Justinus Andreas, German writer,
XIV. 50.
Kerns, town, Switzerland, xxiii. 858.
Kerouan (Kairwan), to-n-n, Tunis, xiil.
824.
Kerowly (Karauli), state, mdia, XIV.
4; XX. 260; town, XIV. 4.
Kerry, county, Ireland, xiv. 50; popu-
lation and repre-sentation, xxilL 727.
Kersal Moor, near Manchester, Eng-
land, XV. 459.
Kertch, town, Russia, xiv. 52; vi.
586.
Kesab Chandra Sen, Brahman re-
former, IV. 201.
Kesav-Das, Hindi writer, XL 846.
Kesmark, town, Hungary, xiv. 53.
Kesselkoppe, mountain, Germany, xx.
552-
Kessler, K., on birds, xviii. 27.
Kesteven, division ot Lincolnshire,
England, XIV. 655.
Kestrel, bird, xiv. 53.
Keswick, town, England, xiv. 54.
Keezthely, town, Hungary, XIV. 54..
Ketans, Manchu tribe, xv. 467.
Ketchup, sauce, xiv. 54.
Keti, town, India, XIV. 54.
Ketilmundsson, Mats, Swedish re-
gent, XXII. 746.
Ket.mia (Gumbo), plant, xi. 276.
Ketones, organic compoiuids, in chem-
istry, V. 56S.
Kettering, town, England, xiv. 54;
XVII. 556.
Kettledrum, musical in.'.trument, vii.
479-
Kettle Falls, Columbia river, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 386.
Ketubim, part o' the Hebrew canon,
IIL 635.
Keturah, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
Keunjhar, or Keunjur, state, India,
XIV. 54.
Keunthal, state, India, xiv. 54.
Kew, town, England, xiv. 55; herb-
arium at, XI. 716; observatory at,
XVII. 710.
Gardens, near London, xi. 716;
under Alton's superintendence, I. 431;
under Hookei-'s, XII. 153.
Kew-Keang Foo, town, China, Xiv.
55; V. 636.
Key, for lock, xiv. 744,
, Francis Scott, American poet, I.
722.
, Lough, Ireland, xx. 850.
Keya Paha, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
XVII. 307.
Keyboard, of musical instrument, xix.
65.
Keye, John, founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, IV. 648; XV. S08
Keyham, Dockyard at, England, vii.
315.318.
Keys, rocky islets, Florida, U.S.A., IX.
338.
, for fastening rails, xx. 241.
, House of. Isle of Man, xv. 452.
Keyser, J. R., Norweeiau historian,
XVIL 592.
, Thomas de, Dutch nainter, xx.
374-
Kevserling, Alexander, u birds,
XVIIL 26.
Key-Stone, in architecture, 11. 466.
Key West, island and town, Florida,
U.S.A., XIV. 55.
Kezanlyk (Kasanlik), town, Koumelia,
Turkey, XIV. 7.
Khabarovka, town, Siberia, Russia,
XIV. 56; XV. 548, 549.
Khabur (Chaboras), affluent of Euphra-
tes, VIII. 669; XVI. 47
Khadar, district, India, xxn. 98.
Khadija, wife of Mohammed, XVI. 546.
25— H
242
K H A — K H U
KilAFRA, or Ciiephren, king of Egypt,
V. 582; VII. 733; pyramid of, XX.
123.
Khagasses, people, Siberia, XXII. 11.
Khagaul, town, India, xviii. 409.
Khaibar, Arabia, Mohammed's attack
upon (62S), xvi. 557.
Khairabad, town, India, XIV. ;
XVIII. 72; XXII. 1O2.
Khairagarh, state, Central Provinces,
India, XX. 257.
Khairigarh, district, Oudh, India,
XVIII. 71.
Khairpur, town, India, xiv. 56.
Khaizop^an, mother ' of Haroun al Eas-
chid, XVI. 581.
Khajuna Language, on unner Indus,
x. 59S
Khakani, Persian writer, xviii. 658.
KhaldouNv Ibn, Arabic writer, Xll.
609; XXJII. 5.
Khalid, Bani, Arab tribes, XVII. 773.
BEN al-\Valid, Moslem leader,
XVI. 562.
Khalifa (Caliph), Mohammedan sove-
reign, IV. 706; XVI. 589, 591; xxn.
661.
Khalifah, Hajji, Arabic writer, XI.
377-
Khalifate (Caliphate), The Eastern,
XVI. 565.
Khalil, shah of Persia, XVIII. 032.
, El, or Hebron, Palestine, XI. 608.
Khalkhas, Mongol tribes, XVI. 744,
749-
Khalki, one of Princes Islands, Sea of
Marmora, Xix. 742.
Khallikan, Ibn, Arabii. -BTiter, xii.
609; XXIII. 5.
Kham, region, Tibet, XXIII. 339.
Khamar-Daban, mountain, Siberia,
XXII. 3; XXIII. 509.
Khamg.WN, town, India, XIV. 56.
Khamis bar Kardahe, Syriac hymn-
writer, XXII. S55.
Khammuragas, dynasty of Babylon,
III. 185.
Khamsah, district, Persia, XVIII. 627.
Khamti, Shan language, xxi. 774.
Khan, Eastern inn, V. 85.
• , or Kaan, tide, its application, XIV.
150.
Khandesh, district, India, xiv. 56.
Khandla, town, India, xvii. 114.
Kh.\ndpar.% state, India, ' xiv. 57;
town, XVII. 845.
Khands, race, India, xv. 185.
Khandwa, town, India, xiv. 57; xvii.
509.
Khangk.4, lake, Siberia, xxil. 5.
Khania (Canea), town, Crete, IV. 806;
VI. 572.
Khan-Tengri, mountain, Turkestan,
XXIII. 633,
Kharavok, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
Kharezm (Khwarizm, g.v.\ ancient
Jungdom, Tiukestan, xiv. 62.
Khargeh, or Kharija, oasis, Africa,
XVII. 695.
Kharijites, Moslem dissenters, xvi.
560, 564, 569, 371, 592.
Kharimkotan, island, Kui'Qes, Asia,
XIV. 160.
Kharizmi, Al, on numerals, xvil. 626.
Kharizmians, their invasion of the
Holy Land, xxiii. 162.
Kharizm Shahs, Empire of the, xxili.
660. See Khwarizm.
Kharkoff, government, Russia, XIV.
57; XXI. 69.
, town, Russia, XI v. 57; XXI. 70;
university of, xxili. 852.
Kharput, town, Armenia, Xiv. 57.
Khartum, or Khartoum, town, Egypt,
XIV. 58; 1. 267; XVII. 507, 6io.
Khas, aboriginal race, Indo-Chinese
Peninsula, XIV. 294.
Khash-rud, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
Khasi and Jaintia Hills, district,
India, XIV. 58; heavy rainfall m, II.
691.
Khassia Language, Dictionary of,
VII. 191.
Khatib, Mohammedan preacher, XXII.
662.
Khatmandu, town, Kepal, xiv. 59;
XVII. 342.
Khausar, river, Nineveh, xvn. 512.
Khaval, MohaiSmed Taki, Persian
■ftTiter, XVIII. 657.
Khayyam, Omar b. Ibrahim al, Persian
inathematician, xvil. 771; XVIIL 658.
Khazael, tribe, Mesopotamia, XVI. 52.
Khazarasp, town, Khiva oasis, Asia,
XIV. 64.
Kh.\zaria, ancient territory, south-
eastern Russia, XIV. 59.
Kh.\z.\rs, ancient people, Caucasus,
XIV. 59; XXL 78.
Khazna, ruin, at Petra, Syria, xviii.
705.
Khedive, title of sovereign of Egypt,
VII. 766, 784.
Khelat, town, Baluchistan, xiv. 61;
III. 302,
Khemnitzer, Ivan, Russian fabulist,
XXI. 106.
Kheraskoff, Michael, Russian poet,
XXI. 106.
Kheri, district, India, xiv. 61.
Kherson, government, Russia, Xiv. 61 ;
XXI. 69; town, XIV. 62.
Kherwa, town, Bornu, Africa, XIV. 153.
Khi.^O, chief ruler of the Laos, Indo-
Chinese Peninsula, xiv. 294.
Khimara, mountains, Albania, I. 447.
KhinaLUGH, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
Khing-ab, affluent of the Oxus, Central
Asia, XVI IL 103.
Khingan Mountains, Siberia, xxil.
3; XXIIL 51a
Khiva, khanate, Turkestan, xiv. 62;
town, XIV. 65; xviii. loi.
Khmelnik, town, Russia, xix. 254.
Khmer, people, CambodlA, iv. 725.
Khnum, Egyptian deity, I. 740) VIL
718.
Kho, tribe, Hindu Kusn, xiv. 9.
Khoi, town and district, Persia, XIV.
65; XVIII. 626.
Khoi-Khoin, South-African race. xii.
309.
i\.hojah Dynasty, Kashgar, Central
Asia, XIV. 8.
Khojend, town, Turkestan, xiv. 65;
XXIL 821.
Khokand, town, Turkestan, Xiv. 65 ;
IX. 85; XVIII. lOI.
Kholui, village, Russia, XXIV. 271.
Khongs, race of people, Siam, xxi. S52.
Khoni, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxiiL 514.
Khons (Chons), Egyptian deity, V. 685.
Khonsar, town, Persia, xiv. 66.
Khoper, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
Khoraiza, Arab tribe, xvi. 556.
Khoramabad, town, Persia, XIV. 66.
Khorasan, or Khorassan, province,
Persia, XIV. .66; 1.228; XVI. 44; XVIII.
626; insurrection in, XVIII. 651; great
salt desert of, XVIII. 621.
, Veiled Prophet of (Al-Mokaima),
XVI. 44, 580, 608.
Khor Nowarat, bay, Red Sea, xx
316.
Khorol, town, Russia, xix, 410.
Khorsabad, ruins of Nineveh, 11. 398;
XVII. 512.
Khorsum, region, Tibet, XXIII. 340.
KhoshotS, or Khoshod, tribe of Mon-
gols, IV. 710; XVI. 744, 749.
Khosrau, or Chosroes, I., king of
Persia, xviiL 612.
II., of Persia, XVIIL 614; capture
of Jerusalem by, VI. 622.
, Amir, Persian poet, XVIII. 659.
, Nasir b., Persian poet, XVII. 237;
XVIII. 658.
and Shirin, poem of Nizami,
XVIL 522.
Khotan, town and district, Turkestan,
XIV. 67; XXIII. 639; XXIV. 728.
Khoteen (Khotin), to-mi, Russia, XIV.
67.
Khotes, Mahratta landed proprietors,
India, XV. 290.
Khotin, to-n-n, Russia, xiv. 67.
Khowarij, Arab sect, IL 250.
Khri-srong ldeu-btsan, Tibetan
king, XIV. 229; XXIII. 345.
Khuarezm (Khwarizm, q.v.), kingdom.
xiiL 621.
Khudabanda, Muhammad, shah 01
Persia, XVIII. 637.
Khufu (Cheops), king of Egypt, v. 5S2;
VIL 732; pyramid of, XX. 123.
Khulm, province and river, Afghani-
stan, I. 242.
Khulna, town, India, xiv. 67.
Khuns (Chons), Egyptian divit-.'y, v.
685; VIL 718.
K H U — K I N
243
Khurasan (Ehorasan, q.v.), province,
Persia, xiv. 66; xviil. 621, 626, 651.
Khurja, town, India, xiv. 68.
Khursheed, pasha, Egypt, vil. 761.
KhurUSTABAD, ruins of Nineveh, XVII.
512.
Khushab, town, Inam, xiv. 68.
Khuzistan, province, Persia, xiv. 68.
Khvatvnsk, town, Eussia, xxi. 305.
K.HWAJA KiDHR, island, Sind, India,
xxil. 90.
Khwalisses; or Khazars, xiv. 59.
KirWARiZM, ancient kingdom (empire
of the Khwarizm shahs), Asia, Xiv.
62; xiii. 621 ; XVI. 740; xviii. loi ;
xxiii. 162, 66c.
Khwasa, town, India, xxi. 665.
Khybar Pass, Afghanistan, i. 240;
district of Punjab, xx. log.
Khyrabad (Khairabad), town, India,
.xiv. 56; XVIII. 72; XXII. 102.
Khyrpoor (Khatrpur), town, India,
XIV. 56.
Kiachta, or Kiakhta, town, Siberia,
XIV. 68; xxiii. 511; XXIV. 11.
KlANG-HAl, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
KlANG Hung, Shan state, Burmah, xxi.
773-
KiANG Tung, Shan state, Burmah, xxi.
773-
Kiaring, lake, Tibet, XXlll. 339.
Kl.\T, town, Khiva oasis, Asia, xiv. 64.
Kickelhahn, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
Kid, Skins of, for tanning, xiV. 380,
389; for gloves, X. 692.
KiDD, Captain William, Knglish ad-
venturer, XXII. 257.
KiDDAW, bird, XI. 262.
Kidderminster, town, England, xiv.
68; Baxter's work of reformation in,
III. 455; carpets of, v. 129.
Kidjang, or Kidang, deer, XVII. 32;
XIII. 602.
Kidnapping, in law, xiv. 69.
Kidney-Bean, vegetable, xii. 283.
Kidneys, their functions^ xvii. 683;
diseases of, xviii. 386; Brighfs disease,
IV. 345; surgery of, xxil. 691; of
mammals, xv. 366.
KiDRON, brook, Jerusalem. Xlll. 636.
KiEFER, tree, XIX. 103.
KlEFF, government, Eussia, xiv. 6g;
XXI. 69; principality, xxi. 89.
, town, Russia, xiv. 6g; xxi. 70;
observatory at, XVII. 714; pUgrimages
to, XIX. 95; university of, xxiil. 852.
KlEFT, William, director. New Nether-
land, America, XVII. 454.
Kiel, town, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia,,
XIV. 71; XXI. 415; observatory at,
XVII. 712; university, xxiii. 850.
KlELCE, town, Russian Poland, xiv. 71';
government, xix. 309.
Kielland, Alexander, Norwegian novel-
ist, xvii. 592.
KlER, bleaching apparatus, in. 813.
Kierkegaard, Soren, Danish philo-
sopher, xiv. 72; VII. 93.
Kieselguhr, absorbent of nitroglyc-
erin, VII. 583; XVII. 521.
Kieserite, mineral, xv. 217; xvi. 401;
XIX. 588.
Kieserle, mountain,- Germany, xxi.
348.
Kiev (Kieff, q.v.), town, Russia, xiv.
69.
Kilauea, volcano, Hawaii, x. 243; xi.
531-
Kilbrickenite, mineral, xvi. 395.
KiLCREA Abbey, Cork, Ireland, vi.
405.
KiLCULLEN, Ireland, Bound tower of,
XXI. 22.
Kildare, county, Ireland, xiv. 72;
population and representation, xxiil.
727; town, XIV. 73.
, Earls of, XIII. 260, 261.
Kildrummy Castle, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, I. 45; defence of (1335), xv.
524.
Kilham, Alexander, Wesleyan sectary,
XV L i8g.
Kilia, town, Eoumania, xrv. 73.
Kilian, St, apostle of Fraiiconia, xiv.
73-
Kilig Arslan, Seljuk prince, XXI. 636.
KiLiMANE (QuUimane), town. East
Africa, XX. 180; XVII. 7.
Kilimanjaro, mountain. East Afri.ca,
XIV. 73; J. 250.
KiLls (Killiz), town, Syria, xiv. 76.
Kilkenny, county, Ireland, xiv. 74;
population and representation, xxill.
727; coal, II. 106.
, town, Ireland, xiv. 75; statute of
(1366), XIIL 259.
Killarney, town, Ireland, xiv. 75.
, Lakes of, Ireland, xill. 216; xiv.
51, 76.
Killdeer, bird, xiv. 76; xix. 228.
KiLLlECRANKlE, Scotland, Battle of
(1689), VIL 539; XXI. 517.
Killing Times, Scotland, xxl 517.
Killington, mountain, Vermont,
U.S.A., XXIIL 792.
..illingworth, George, his beard, in.
464.
Railway, England, xx. 224.
KiLLiN Hill, cromlech, Ireland, xv.
25-
Killinite, mineral, xvi. 416, 425.
Killiz, town, Syria, xiv. 76.
Kilmarnock, town, Scotland, xiv. 76.
KiLMENY, Hogg's fairy tale, xil. 51.
Kilns, ix. 840; for brickmaking, iv.
2S3; for smelting iron ores, xiii. 291;
maltsters', I v. 269; for baking pottery,
XIX. 602, 619, 638, 643.
Kilogramme, standard of weight, XXlV.
480, 490.
Kilsyth, town, Scotland, xiv. 77; xxii.
554; battle of (1645), XVI. 796.
Kilt, part of dress, of Scottish High-
landers, v. 801; VI. 478; of early Irish,
XIII. 257.
Kiltan, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
Kilwinning, town, Scotland, xiv. 77.
Kima, New Guinea mussel, xvii. 3S9.
Kimberley, town. South Africa, xiv.
77; XL 204.
, district, Western Australia, XXIV.
507.
Kimeridge Clay, in geology, iv. 728;
X.356-
KiMHi, or Kimchi, Rabbi David, Jewish
grammarian, xiv. 77.
Kimpulung, town, Eoumania, xiv. 78.
Ki-Mvita, language. East Africa, XXII.
729.
Kin, Next of, in law, xill. 198.
, dynasty of China, v. 647.
Kin.\balu, mountain. North Borneo,
IV. 56; XXL 123.
Kinabatangan, river. North Borneo,
XXI. 123.
Kincardine, county, Scotland, xiv.
78; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxiil. 727.
Kinchinjinga, or Kinchinjunga,
mountain, Himalayas, xi. 825; xvii.
340.
KiN-CHOW FOO, town, China, v. 04 1.
Kindeh, kingdom, Arabia, II. 255.
Kindergarten, educational institu-
tion, XIV. 79; VII. 678; IX. 793.
Kindred, or Consanguinity, vi. 291 ;
IX. 18; personal names based on, xvii.
169; in totem tribes, XXIII. 472.
KiNE, town, Egypt, vii. 776.
Kinematics, branch of dynamics, vii.
582; XV. 678; XIX. 2; of fluids, XIL
461; diagrams in, vii. 149.
Kinetic Energy, viii. 206.
Kinetics, branch of djniamics, xix. 2.
Kinetic Theory, of diffusion of gases,
VII. 215.
Kineton, town, England, xxiv. 379.
King, title, XXIII. 417; relations of, to
nobUity, xvii. 530; prerogatives of,
XIX. 673; ancient Roman, xx. 732.
, Edward, friend of Milton, xvi.
326.
, Philip Parker, Australian explorer,
III. 104; XXIV. 509.
, Rufus, United States politician,
XXIII. 748.
, .W., on brichiopods, IV. 189.
, William, archbishop of Dublin,
XIV. 80.
■ Arthur's Round Table, West-
morland, England, XXIV. 516.
King-Bird, xiv. 80.
King Charles Land, island, Spits-
bergen, xxil 408.
King CharLes's South Land, island,
Tierra del Fuego, xxill. 384.
King-chow Foo, town, Manchuria, xv.
466.
King-Crab, crustacean, vi. 662.
244
King-Fish, xxiv. 738.
Kingfisher, bird, xiv. 81.
King George's Sound, Western
Australia, xxiv. 507.
King Hart, Gawaia Douglas's poem,
VII. 377-
Kinghorn, town, Scotland, I. 491; IX.
152.
King Horn, early English romance,
VIII. 410; XX. 658.
King Le.^r, Shakespeare's play, xxi.
764.
Kinglet, bird, xiv. 82.
KiNGO, Thomas, Danish poet and hymn-
writer, VII. 90
Ki-Ngozi, language, Africa, XXII. 729.
Kings, First and Second Books of, XIV.
83
Kingsborough, Lord, on Mexican anti-
quities, II. 450; XVI. 206.
Kingsbridge, suburb of New York,
XVII. 458.
King's College, Aberdeen, Scotland,
I- 43-
King's College, Cambridge, iv. 730.
King's College, London, xxin. 854.
King's CotraTV, Ireland, xiv. 86;
population and representation, xxill.
727.
King's Evil, disease, xxi. 554.
Kingship, in early England, viii. 273,
281.
Kings' Hows, barrow, Upsala, Sweden,
iiL 398.
King's Inns, legal school, Dublin, xiii.
90.
Kingslev, Charles, English poet and
noveUst, xiv. 88; on Christian social-
ism, XXII. 210.
King's L\'nn, town, England, xv. 109;
XVII. 536.
King's MoxnrrAIN, Sligo, Ireland, XXII.
159.
King's Quhair (or Qxjair), poem by
James I. of Scotland, Vlll. 413; Xlll.
566; XXI. 540.
Kingston, town, Ontario, Canada, xiv.
89; xvii. 775.
~ — , town, Jamaica, XIII. 55a
, town. New York, U.S.A., Xiv. 89.
, TV. H. Giles, English writer of
boys' stories, xiv 90.
Kingston-on-Thames, town, England,
XIV. 89; XXII. 694.
KiNGSTON-UPON-HuLL, town, England,
XII. 340.
KINGSTO^\"N, town, Ireland, xiv. 90;
vii. 494.
, town, St Vincent, West Indies,
XXL 201.
KiNG-TlH Chin, town, China, XIV. 90.
King William's Town, Cape Colony,
XIII. 8J7.
Kin!-balu, or Kinabalii, mountain and
lake, Borneo, iv. 56; xxi. 123.
Kinkajou, caiuivoroui mammal, x\'.
441.
K I N — K I S
Kin-ling (Nanking), ancient town,
China, XVll. 171.
KiNMONT Willie, his rescue from
Carlisle Castle, V. 109.
KiNNEiL House, Linlithgowshii-e,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
Kino, drug, xiv. 90, 382; tree, vin. 650.
Kinross, county, Scotland, xiv. 91 ; area
and population, xxi. 528; representa-
tion, XXIII. 727; town, XIV. 92.
Kinsale, town, Ireland, xiv. 92;
fisheries at, vi. 403; IX. 264.
Kin-sha-Kiang (Di-chu), river, Tibet,
XXIII. 339.
Kiobenhavn (Copenhagen, q.v.), capital
of Denmark, VI. 343.
Kioto, town, Japan, Xiv. 92;XIII.
577-
KIOWAS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
832.
Kipchaks, Mongol tribes, xvi. 746,
747; XXIII. 660, 661.
KiPPis, Andrew, English \mter, XIV. 93.
KiPPURE, mountains, Ireland, vil. 495;
XXIV. 557.
Kips, skins for tanning, xiv. 380, 386.
Kir, branch of Nile, Africa, xvii. 506,
508.
KiRATIS, country, Nepal, XVll. 340.
KlRBY, William, English entomologist,
XIV. 93.
KiRCHER, Athanasius, German scholar
and mathematician, xiv. 93; inventor
of magic lantern, XV. 211; on whirl-
pools, XXIV. 541.
KiRCHHEIM - UNTER - TECK, town,
Wiii'temberg, Xiv. 94.
KiRCHHOFF, Gnstav R., on radiation,
XX. 215.
, Johann W. A., on the Greek
alphabet, I. 610.
Kirghiz, Tartar tribes, xiv. 94 ; xxii.
819, 820; xxih. 636.
Kir-Hareseth (Kerak), town, Syria,
XIV. 48.
KlRl.\, town, Tiukestan, XIV. 67; XXIII.
639-
Kirigalpota, mountain, Ceylon, v.
359-
KiRiN, town, Manchuria, XIV. 96 ; XV.
466; province, XV. 466.
KiRj.ATH Arba, or Hebron, town, Pales-
tine, XL 60S.
Kirk, Prof., on New Zealand timbers,
XVII. 469-.
KiRKALDV, of Grange, Scottisli states-
man, XXI. 502.
KiRKBV, John, Gibbon's tutor, X. 573.
Kendal, or Kendal, town, Eng-
land, XIV. 34; XXIV. 515, 516.
Lonsdale, town, England, xxiv.
.515. 516-
Kirkcaldy, town, Scotland, xiv. 96.
Kirkcudbright, ccmnty, Scotland, xiv.
97 ; area and population, xxi. 528 ;
representation, xxill. 727.
, town. Scotland, xiv. g8.
Kirke, Edward, friend of Edmund
SpensM-, xxil. 393.
KlRKl, or Kirkee, town, India, Xiv
99.
Kirkintilloch, town, b'coiiand, xiv.
99.
KiRK-KiLlssiA, town, European Turkey,
XIV. 99.
Kirk L.ar, monument, Daghestan, Cau-
casus, vii. 105.
Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire- Eng-
land, I. 18; XXIV. 749.
KlRKW.^LL, town, Orkney, Scotland,
XIV. 99; XVII. 848.
KiRMAN, province, Persia, XIV. 99; XXI.
635; town, xviil. 627, 628.
Shah (Bahram TV.), king of Persia,
XVIH. 610.
Kirjl\nshahan, Kermanshah, or Kar-
manshah, town and district, Persia,
XIV. 100; xviii. 628.
KiR-iMOAB, to-n-n, Syria, XIV. 48.
Kirriemuir, to-mi, Scotland, xiv. 100.
Kirsanoff, town, Russia, xiv. 100;
xxin. 41.
KiRSCHWASSER, liqueur, v. 586.
Kir Song de Tsan (Khri-srong Ideu-
btsan), king of Tibet, xiv. 229; XXIV.
-345-
Kirtland, Ohio, U.S.A., first Mormon
settlement, xvi. 826.
Kjrwan (Kairwan), town, Tunis, XIII.
824; XVI. 865; XXIII. 620.
K1RW.ANITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
KiRZHATCH, town, Russia, XXIV. 271.
Kis, John, Hungarian wTitcr, xil. 377.
Kisfaludy, Karoly, Hungarian poet,
XIV. 100; XII. 377.
, Sandor, Hungarian poet, XIV. loi ;
XII. 377.
KiSH, of Scripture, XXI. 322.
, island, Persian Gulf, xiv. loi.
Kishanganga, river, India, XIV. la
KlSH.^NG.\RH, Kishengurh, or Krish-
nagarh, state, India, XIV. loi ; XX.
260.
KiSHlCOQUlus, valley, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XVIII. 499.
Kishi-Kashi, town, Zanzibar, Africa,
XXIV. 76S.
KiSHiNEFF, or Kishlanow, town, Mol-
da\-ia, xiv. loi; xxi. 70.
Kish.m, island, Persian Gulf, Xiv. 102.
Kishr, husk of coffee herry, II. 238.
Kis-MaRTON (Eisenstadt), town, HuB-
gary, vii. 790.
Kiso-Gawa, river, Japan, xill. 572.
Kiss, form of greeting, XXI. 236.
, Augustus, German sculptor, XXl.
566.
KissiNGEN, town, Bavaria, xiv. 103;
artesian weU at, II. 645 ; mineral
water of, XVI. 434.
KiSSY, town. Sierra Leone, West Africa,
XXIL 45.
KiSTNA, district, India, XIV. 102.
. river. India, xiv. io-j: XV. 184.
K I T — K N U
245
KlTAY-GoROD, quarter of Moscow,
Russia, XVI. 867.
Kit-Cat Club, London, xiv. 103.
Kitchen-Middens, prehistoric shell-
heaps, II. 116.
Kite, bird, xiv. 103.
Kit's Coitv (or Cotty) House, crom-
lech, Kent, England, in. 162; XXI.
52.
Kittatinny Mountains, New Jersey,
U.S.A., XVII. 396; Talley, XXIII. 793,
794-
Kittigalis, tribe, Kafiristan, hsin,
XIII. 822.
Kittitass, district, 'Washington Ter-
ritory, U.S.A., XXIV. 386.
Kittiwake, bird, xi. 274.
Kittlitz, Friedrich H., on birds, XVIll.
13-
Kitto, John, English Biblical writer,
XIV. 104.
Kitzingen, town, Bavaria, xiv. 104.
KlUNG-CHOW FOO (Hainan), island,
China, XI. 374; town, XI. 375.
KlUPRlLl (Koprili), town, Turkey in
Europe, XI v. 140.
KlUSHlu, island, Japan, XIII. 569.
Kiutahia, town, Asia Minor, xiv.
162.
Kiwi, bird, xiv. 104; XVII. 469.
Kl-VUEN, town, Manchuria, XV. 466.
Kizil Agatch, guU, Caspian Sea, v.
177-
KlziL Arslan, Persian prince XVII.
C22.
KlziL Arvat, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xvi. 42; xxiii. 512.
KlziLEASHES, Persianized Turks, in
Afghanistan, I. 235 ; in Khiva, xiv.
64; in Central Asia, xxni. 661.
KlziL IRMAK, river, Asia Minor, II.
707.
KlziL-KuM, district, Syr-Daria, Asia,
XXII. S20.
KlziL-su, river, Turkestan, xxill. 633.
KlziL Uezen (or UZAIN), river, Persia,
xiil. 213; xviii. 620.
Kizil-Yart, mountains, Central Asia,
xviii. 103.
■KlZLlAR, or Eizlar, town.' Russia, xiv.
106; XXIII. 186.
Kj<EMPEVISER, Danish ballads, Vll. 90.
KjoLEN Mountains, Norway, xvii.
575-
Kladno, town, Bohemia, XIV. 106.
Klagenfurt, town, Austria, xiv. 106.
•Klamath, rh-cr, Oregon, U.S.A., xvii.
822.
Klang, town, Malay Peninsula, XXll.
587; river, xv. 321.
Klaproth, Heinrich Julius von,
German Orientalist, xiv. 107.
Klaprothite, mineral, xvi. 394.
Klattau, town, Bohemia, xiv. 107.
"Klausenburg, town, Hungary, XIV.
107; university of, XXIII. 852.
'Klausthal, to\vn, Prussia, xiv. loS.
Kli^ber, Jean Baptiste, French general,
XIV. 108.
Klein, Jakob T., on birds, xvill. 5; his
contributions to zoology, XXIV. 804.
, Julius Leopold, German dramatist,
XIV. loS.
Kleinseite, part of Prague, Bohemia,
XIX. 658.
Kleist, Ewald Christmn von, German
writer, X. 534.
, Heinrich von, German dramatist,
X. 543.
Klettenberg, Susanna K. von, friend
of Goethe, x. 723.
Klettgau, district, Switzerland, xxi.
386.
ivLEVE (Cleves), town, Prussia, v. 829.
Klias, river. North Borneo, XXI. 123.
Klingenstierna, Samuel, on telescope
construction, xxill. 138.
Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian von,
German ivriter, x. 540.
Klings, people, Malacca, xv. 323.
Klintzy, toM-n, Russia, XIV. 108.
Klippspringer, antelope, 11. loi.
Klipstad, mountain. South Africa,
XXIII. 517.
Klipsteinite, mineral, xvi. 425.
Klonowicz, Sebastian F., Polish poet,
I. 93; XIX. 301.
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, German
poe^, XIV. 108; X. 535; hymns by,
XII. 588.
Kloster-Heilsbronn, town, Bavaria,
XI. 624.
Klosterneuburg, town, Austria, xiv.
109.
Kloster-Zeven (Closter-Seven), Prus-
sia, Convention of (1757), V. 74 ; VI.
706; l.\. 588.
Klyazma, river,Jlussia, xxiv. 279.
Knaresborough, to-\vn, England, XIV.
109.
Knebellite, mineral, xvi. 410.
Knebworth House, Herts, England,
XI. 772.
Knee-Breeches, Introduction of, vi.
474-
Knee-Joint, Muscles of the, I. 840.
Knee-Pan, Anatomy of the, I. 829.
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, painter, Xiv.
109.
Kniazhnin, Russian dramatist, XXI.
106.
, Franciszek D., Polish court-poet,
XIX. 303.
Knickerbocker's History of New
York, Irving's work, xiil 372.
Kniebishohen, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
Knies, Karl, German economist, xix.
391-
Knife, its manufacture, vi. 734.
Knigge, Baron Adolf von, German
mystic, xii. 706.
Knight, Knights, of chivalry, xiv.
1 10; military service by, 11. 568.
Knight, Charles, English author and
publisher, xiv. 110; xviii. 538; his
Cyclopedia, viil. 204.
Fee, or Knight's Fee, Holder of,
n. 568; xiv. 112.
Knighthood, x;v, iio; distraint of,
XXIV. 695; precedence in, xix. 664;
romances of, XX. 633; scutage of, xxi.
572.
Knight of the Shire, xviii. 305.
Knights, The, of Aristophanes, 11. 508.
, Teutonic, military order, xxill.
201.
OF THE Holy Sepulchre, mili-
tary order, XXI. 670.
OF Labour, political society,
U.S.A., xxiiL 786.
of St John, Malta, xv. 343; xxi.
173-
of the Sword, at Riga, xx.
554-
Templars, xvi. 709; xxiii. 160.
Kniprode, Weinrich von, grand-master
of Teutonic Kuights, xxill. 201.
Knitting, manufacture, xiv. 127; xii.
299.
Knockanarian, mountain, Ireland,
XXIV. 400.
Knock-Knee, Surgical treatment of,
XXII. 692.
Knockmealdown, mountain, Ireland,
XXIV. 400.
Knole House, Kent, England, xiv. 40.
Knolles, Richard, English historian,
XIV. 127.
Knot, Knots, Theories of, xiv. 127;
sailors', XIV. 128; XXL 590.
, bird, XIV. 129.
Knott's Observatory, Cuckfield,
England, xvii. 711.
Knout, Introduction of, in Russia, xxL
91.
Knowledge, different meanings of the
word, XX. 49; in metaphysics, xvi. 80;
XVIII. 793; relation of, to belief, III.
533; to logic, XIV. 782, 797; CondH-
lac's theory of, VI. 251; Fichte's, ix.
137; Hume's, XIL 352; in Kant's
philosophy, XIIL 850; Locke's views
on, XIV. 758, 761; Platonic, XIX. 2051
Socratic, xxn. 237, 266; Stoic theory
of, XXII. 565, 566; Xenophanes's,
XXIV. 719,
Knowles, James Sheridan, EnglLsh
dramatist, xiv. 129.
Know-Nothing Party, in United
States, xxilL 770.
Knox, Henry, American Revolutionary
general, xxill. 789.
, John, Scottish Reformer, Xiv. 130;
XXI. 500; his attitude towards Queen
Mary, xv. 595; on the church and
education in Scotland, xix. 68a
Knoxville, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
xiv. 134.
Knutsson, Charles, viceroy, Sweiten,
XXII. 746.
246
K N U — K O R
Knutsson, Torkel, regent of Sweden,
XXII. 745.
Koala, Australian bear, xv. 379, 382,
383-
Kobe, town, Japan, xi. 851; xiii. 578;
XVIII. III.
KoBELLlTE, mineral, XVI. 395.
KOBELVAKI, town, Russia, XI v. 134;
XIX. 410.
KOBRIN, town, Russia, XI v. 134.
KOBT (Coptos), ancient town, Egypt, VI.
355-
KOBURG (Coburg), town, Germany, VI.
91.
KoBURGER, Antony, early German
bookseller, IV. 39.
Koch, race, India, XII. 791.
KocHANOWSKi, Jan, Polish poet, XIX.
300.
KocHOWSKi, Vespasian, Polish writer,
XIX. 302.
KOCK, Charles Paul de, French novel-
ist, XIV. 134.
, Fort de, town, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
KODAIKANAL, town, India, XV. 192.
KODAS, town. South Africa, xvil. 168.
KODOR, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
KODOSHIM, part of the Mishnah, XVI.
505.
KODUNGALUR, town, India, xiv. 135.
KOEME Oil, xvii. 744.
KOENIG, Rudolphe, on acoustics, I. 1 10,
115, 117, 118.
KOEPFLIN, TVolfgang Fabricius (Capito),
German divine, v. 73.
KOGIA, genus of cetacean mammals, xv.
396.
KOHAT, district, India, XIV. 135; XX.
109; town, XIV. 135.
KOH-I-NOOR, diamond, VII. 166.
KOHISTAN (Irak Adjemi), province,
Persia, xiii. 213.
KoHL, Johann Georg, German traveller
and writer, xiv. 136.
Kohl-Rabi, vegetable, IV. 618; Xll.
283; culture of, I. 370.
Kohlrausch, RudoU H. A., his elec-
trical investigations, VIII. 39, 42; on
electrolysis, VH. 219; VIII. 48.
Kohluga Pass, Central Asia, xil. 3.
KOISSU, rivers, Caucasus, v. 255.
KojIKl, Japanese chronicle, Xlll. 587.
Kokbektv, town, Russia in Asia, XXI.
639-
KOKHMA, town, Russia, xxi. 849.
KOKONOR, lake, Asia, xiv. 217.
KOKOON, or Gnu, antelope, x. 705.
KOKSOAK, river, Labrador, xiv. 175.
KOKSTADT, town, Cape Colony,xni.8l7.
KOLABA, district, India, xiv. 136.
Kola-Nut, xvii. 664; tree, xxl 662.
KOLAPOOR (KoDiapur), state and town,
India, xiv. 137.
Kolar, district, India, xiv. 136.
Kolarians, race, India, xii. 777.
Kolberg (Colberg), town, Prussia, vi.
121.
K6LCSEY, Ferencz, Hungarian poet and
orator, xiv. 137; xil. 377.
KoLDEWEY, Captain Karl, German
Arctic explorer, xix. 323.
KOLDING, tovm, Denmark, xiv. 137.
KoLEN (Kjolen), mountains, Sweden,
XXII. 736.
Kolhapur, state and town, India, xiv.
137-
Kolikod (Calicut), town, India, TV.
693.
Kolin, town, Bohemia, XIV. 137; battle
of (1757), III- 127.
Kolinsky, Skins of, ix. 838.
KOLLAR, Jan, Bohemian poet^ XXn.
152.
KoLLATAj, Polish statesman and writer,
XIX. 304.
KOLLIKER, Rudolf Albert, naturalist
and anatomist, I. 131, 132; Vlll. 166,
168.
KOLLYRITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
KOLMAR (Colmar), town, German Alsace,
VI. 150.
KoLN (Cologne, q.v.), town, Germany,
VI. 151.
KOLNO, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
KOLOKOL, Russian periodical, XI. 774;
XXI. 108.
KOLOMEA, or Kolomyia, town and
district, Austria, xiv. 137.
KOLOMENSKOYE, village, Russia, xvi.
859.
Kolomna, town, Russia, xiv. 138.
Ko-LOS, Chinese tribe, XVI. 224.
KOLOUGIS, people of Algeria, I. 564.
KoLOZSVAR, Hungary, University of,
XXIIL 852.
KOLS, people, India, XXI!. 94.
KOLTZOFF, Russian poet, XXL 1.07.
KOLUCHIN Bay, Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
Kolyma, river, Siberia, xxiv. 726.
Kolyvan, town, Asiatic Russia, XXII.
11; XXIII. 439.
Kolzum, town, Egypt, xxii. 620.
KOMARIT, mineral, XVI. 425.
KOMEH, lake island, Central Africa,
XVII. 504.
KOMENSKY, Johann Amos (Comenius),
Bohemian educationist and WTiter, vi.
182; Vll. 673; XXII. 152.
KOM KUTCHI, mountain, Montenegro,
XVI. 7S0.
KOMORN, town, Hungary, xiv. 138.
KOJIOTAU, town, Bohemia, xiv. 138.
Ko.MUL (Hami), town. Central Asia, XI.
409.
KoNATHA, or Konasir, Temple of,
Ceylon, xxitL 573.
KoNCAN (Concan), district, India, vi.
238.
KoNDRATOWicz, Ludwik W., Polish
poet, XIX. 305.
KONGONE, river, Africa, xxiv. 765.
KoNGSBERG, town, Norway, xiv.
13S.
KONIEH, province, Asiatic Turkey, xn.
696; XXIII. 653; town, XV. 92.
KONIGGRATZ, town, Bohemia, XIV.
138; battle of (1866), III. 140; X.
511.
KoNiGiNE, mineral, xvi. 402.
KONIGINHOF, town, Bohemia, Xiv.
138.
Konigsberg, town, Prussia, Xiv. 138;
XX. 16; library of, Xiv. 546; observ-
atory, XV n. 712; university, I. 451;
XXIII. 844.
KoNiGSHUTTE, town, Prussia, Xiv. 139;
XXII. 53.
KoNiGSMARK, Hans Christopli von,
his siege of Athens (1687X m. 10.
, Philipp Christoph von, lover of
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, x. 420J
XXII. 263.
KONIGSSPITZE, peak, Rhsetian Alps, I.
627; XXIV. 45.
KoNlGSTElN, mountain, Transylvania, .
xxiii. 521.
KONITZ, town, Russia, xiv. 139.
KONIYEH (Konieh), town, Turkey in
Asia, XII. 696.
KONJAKOFF Kamen, mottntain, Russia,
XXIV. 4.
KONLITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
KONOSHIONI, American-Indian tribes,
XVII. 454.
KONOTOP, town, Russia, Xiv. 139 ;
XXIII. 96.
Konsbergite, mineral, xvl 382.
KoNSK, town, Poland, XX. 218.
KONSTANTINOGRAD, town, BoBSlfl,
XIX. 410.
Koodoo, antelope, II. loi.
KooM (Kum), town, Persia, XIV. 155;
XVIII. 626, 628.
Koosen, Johann Heinrich, his experi-
ment in magnetization, xv. 253.
KooTUB, or Kutab, minaret, Delhi, XXL
22; VII. 47.
KoPAL, town, Russia in Asia, XXI. 641.
KOPAONIK, mountain, Servia, xxi.
686.
KOPCZYNSKI, Onufry, Polish gram-
marian, XIX. 303.
KOPENICK, town, Prussia, xiv. 139.
Kopepet-Dagh, or Kopet-Dagh, moun-
tains, Transcaspian Region, Russia,
XXIII. 511, 631.
Kopparberg, county, Sweden, XXII.
741.
KOPPERNIGK (Copernicus, q.v.), Nico-
laus, German astronomer, vi. 346.
KOPPITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
KOPREINITZ, toT\-n, Hungary, xiv. 140.
KOPRILI, town, European Turkey, xiv.
140.
KOPRILI, Turkish viziers, xxin. 645,
646.
KOPURTHELLA, state, India, XIV. 2.
KORAISH, Arab tribe, IL 256; XVI. 545,
559, 563; language of, xxi. 652.
Koran, The, sacred book of Islam,
XVI. 597; theology of, xxill. 242;
Tabari's commentary on, xxiii. 3.
KORAT, territory, Siam, XIV. 140; XXI.
853; town, XIV. 140.
KORDOFAN, province, Soudan, Africa,
XIV. 140; I. 267; XXII. 278.
Korea, state, India, xiv. 141; v. 769.
KOREVSH (Koralsh), tribe, "Arabia, II.
256; XVI. 545, 559, 563; XXI. 652.
KORIA, state, India, v. 769.
KORINTJI, lake, Sumatra, xxil. 638.
KORITS.'V, town, Albania, Turkey, xiv.
141.
KoRNER, Karl Theodor, German poet,
XIV. 141.
KOROSKO, desert. Nubia, XVli. 610.
KOROTCHA, town, Russia, xiv. 142.
KOROTOVAK, town, Russia, xiv. 142;
XXIV. 298.
KORS, tribe, Litnuama, Russia, xiv.
702.
Korsakoff, town, Saghalin, Asia, XXL
147.
KORSOR, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
KORTCHEVA, town, Russia, xxilI. 672.
KoRTRVK (Courtrai), town, Belgium,
VI. 520.
KoRVAKS, race of people. Eastern Si-
beria, XV. 548.
KORZENIOWSKI, Joseph, Polish novelist,
XIX. 305.
Kos (Cos), island, Asia Minor, VI. 444.
Kosa-Dagh, mountains, Transcaucasia,
Russia, XXIII. 514;
KOSCHTAN Tau, mountain, Caucasus,
V. 252.
Kosciusko, Mount, New South AVales,
XVII. 408.
, Thaddeus, Polish patriot, xiv. 142;
XIX. 298.
KosEN, spa, Germany, xvii. 249.
KOSHAUB (Khushab), to^vn, India, XIV.
68.
KosHKAR, river, Syr-Daria, Asia, XXII.
819.
Kos HOD, or Khoshod, Mongol tribes, iv.
710; XVI. 744, 749.
Kosi, town, India, XIV. 143.
KosiN, active principle of kousso, XIV.
MS-
KosLiN, town, Prussia, xiv. 143.
KOSLOFF, or KozloiT, town, Russia, XIV.
143; XXIII. 41.
KosMOS, Humboldt's work, Xll. 345.
Kosovo, province, Turkey in Europe,
XXIII. 653; battle of (1389), I. 781;
XXI. 689; XXIII. 641; battleof (144S),
I. 782.
KossLOWSKi, author of Greek Orthodox
Confession, XVI. 544.
KossMANN, R., on classification of para-
sites, xviil. 261.
Kosso, or KousBo, drug, xiv. 145.
KossoGOLjlake, Siberia, XXII. 5; XXIII.
509.
Kossuth, Louis, Hungariau leader, xii.
371; III- 137-
K 0 R — K R E
KOSTENDIL, town, Bulgaria, Turkey,
XIV. 143.
KosTER, or Coster, Laurens, Dutch
printer, xiv. 143; xxiii. 689, 691.
, Samuel. Dutch dramatist, vii. 444;
xii. 94.
Islands, Sweden, xxii. 737.
KosTOMAROFF, Nikolaus, Russian his-
torian, XXI. 108.
Kostroma, government, Russia, xiv.
143; XXI. 69; town, XIV. 143.
Kosva, river, Russia, Xxiv. 279.
KOTAH, state, India, xiv. 143; XX.
260.
KOTAIBA, Ibn, Arab historian, xvi.
596; XXIII. 3.
KOTAS, hill tribe, India, xvii. 509.
KOTELNITCH, to\vn, Russia, X.XIV. 303.
KOTHE, H., German writer on mne-
monics, XVI. 533.
KOTHEN, town, Germany, xiv. 144.
KOT Kamalia, town, India, xvi. 789.
KOTLIAREVSKI, Ivan, Russian poet, xxi.
no.
KOTOSHIKHIN, Gregory Karpoff, Russian
^vriter, XXI. 105.
KOTRI, town, India, XIV. 144.
KOTSCHUBEVITE, mineral, XVI. 414.
KOTTBUS, town, Prussia, xiv. 144.
KOTTIGITE, mineral, X-vi. 404.
KOTZEBUE, August Friedrich Ferdinand
von, German dramatist, xiv. 144; his
influence on German drama, VII. 443.
, Otto von, Russian navigator, xiv.
145; X. 193.
KoUBR, mausoleum, in Algeria, II. 419.
KoUEN-LUN (Kuen-Lun, q.v.), moun-
tains, Tibet, II. 684; XIV. 152.
Kouis, tribes, Siam, XXI. S52.
KOULAN, wUd ass, II. 717.
Koumiss, fermented mare's milk, iv.
264; xvi. 305; distillation of, VII.-264.
KOURBSKI, Andrew, Russian orince,
XXI. 92, 104.
KousHiD Khan Kal.jv, town, Merv
oasis, Asia, XVi. 42.
Kousso, drug, XIV. 145.
KoUYUNjiK, or Kuyunjik, remains of
Nineveh, II. 397; xvn. 512.
KOVALEVSKI, Michael, Russian jurist,
XXI. 108.
KovEL, town, Russia, XXIV. 2S2.
KOVNO, government, Russia, XIV. 145;
XXI. 69; town, XIV. 146.
KOVROFF, town, Russia, Xiv. 146;
population, xxiv. 271.
KOWALEWSKY, A., Russian naturalist,
XXIV. 178; on cellular embryology,
XXIV. 810.
KOWLOON, suburb of Hong Kong, China,
XIL 141.
KOYUNJIK, remains of Nineveh, II. 397;
xviL 512.
KOZELETS, town, Russia, XXIII. 96.
KozELSK, town, Russia, XIV. 146.
KoziENiCE, town, Russian Poland, XX.
218.
247
KozLOFF, town. Russia, xiv. 143; xxm.
41.
, Ivan, Russian poet, xxi. 107.
KozMODEMYANSK, toNvn. Russia, xiv.
20.
Kra, isthmus, Malay Peninsvda, xv. 320;
XXL 851.
Krafft, or Kraft, Adam, German sculp-
tor, XIV. 146; XXL 565; carvings of,
at Nuremberg, XVIL 663.
Kragushevatz,' to^vn, Servia, XXL
688.
Krain (Carniola), Austria, v. 121
Krait, Indian snake, xxil. 196.
Krajova, town, Roumania, XIV. 146.
Krakatoa, volcano, Indian Arcluj«lago,
XXIL 653.
Krakov (Cracow, q.v.), town, Austria:i
Poland, VI. 540.
Krama, Javanese language, xill. 608.
Kramer, Gerhard, Belgian cartographer,
XV. 520; XVI. 30.
Kramer, on birds, xviii. 8.
Kranichfeld, district, Germany, xxi.
348-
Krankenheil, spa, Bavaria, xvi. 434.
Krantz. Albert, German historian, xiv.
146.
Krantzite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Krapacks, or Carpathian Mountains
(q.v.), V. 126.
Krapivna, town, Russia, XxilL 605. '
Kr.\pp, Catherine, ■wife of Melanchthon,
XV. 833.
Krasicki, Ignatiis, Polish bishop and
poet, XIX. 303.
Krasinski, Sigismund, PoUsh poet,
XIX. 304.
Krasnoslobodsk, town, Russia, xvin.
515-
Krasnovodsk, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, XVI. 42; XXIIL 513.
Krasnoyarsk, town, Siberia, xiv. 147;
XXIL M; xxiv. 743.
Krasnvi Kholm, to-svn, Russia, XXIII.
672.
Kraszewski, Joseph Iguaz, Polith
novelist, XIX. 305.
Kraurite, mineral, XVI. 405
Krawang, town, Java, xill. 606.
Kreasote (Creasote), antiseptic, drug,
and poison, VI. 556; XXIIL 57.
Krefeld (Crefeld), town, Germany, VI.
565; XXII. 65.
Kreis, Prussian administrative division,
XX. 18.
Kreli's Country, Cape Colony, XIII.
817.
Kremenetz, town, Russia, Xiv. 147;
population, XXIV. 2S2.
Kre.aientchug, town, Russia, xiv.
147; XIX. 410.
Kremersite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Kremlin, citadel of Moscow, Russia,
XVI. 856.
Kremnitz, town, Hungary, xiv. 147.
Kremsier, town, Austria, xiv. 147,
248
K R E — K U P
Kremsmunster, Austria, Observatory
at, XVII. 713.
Krestowaja, pass, Caucasus, v. 255.
Krestsy, town, Russia, xvii. 607.
Kreutzer, Conradin, German musical
composer, XIV. 147.
Kreuznach, town, Prussia, XI V. 148;
mineral water of, XVI. 434.
Kriemhild, heroine of the Nibelung-
cnlied, XVII. 475.
Kries, G., German economist, xix.
392-
Kriloff, town, Russia, xvil. 608.
, Ivan Andreevitch, Russian fabul-
ist, XIV. 148; XXI. 106.
Krimmitzschau, or Crimraitzschau,
town. Saxony, vi. 590.
Krui Tatars, people, Russia, xvi.
748.
Krimtchaks, community of Russian
Jews, XIV. 4.
Krinitz, Madame, Heine's "Mouche,"
XI. 627.
Kris, Javanese weapon, xiii. 604.
Krishna (Kistna), district, India, xiv.
102, 103; river, XIV. 103; xvil. 123.
Krishnagar, to^^•n, India, xiv. 148;
XVII. 161.
Krishnagarh (Kishangarh), state,
India, xiv. loi.
Krisuvigite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Kritik der reinen Vernunft,
Kant's work, xiil. 850.
Krive-Kriveyto, Lithuanian chief
priest, XIV. 701.
Krivitchi, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
Krizhanich, Yuri, Russian ^vrite^, XXI.
105.
Krkonose, mountain, Bohemia, xx.
552-
Krobat (Kubrat), Hunnic cilief, Xll.
3S2.
Krokidolite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Krolevetz, town, Russia, xiv. 14S.
Kromer, Martin, Polish historian, Xix.
301.
Kronberg Castle, Elsinore, Denmark,
viii. 155.
Kronoberg,' county, Sweden, xxii.
741.
Kronstadt (Cronstadt), town, Austria,
VI. 608.
(Cronstadt), town, Russia, vi. 607.
Krotoschin, town, Prussia, Xiv. 148.
Krovelets, town, Russia, xxiii. 96.
Krudener, Baroness von, Russian
pietist, XIV. 149.
Kruiloff, or Kriloff, Ivan A., Russian
fabulist, XIV. 14S; XXI. 106.
Krumen, Negro race. West Africa, XIV.
149.
KRUMMACHER,Friedrich Adolf, German
religious writer, XIV. 149.
, Friedrich Wilhelm, German pietist,
XIV. 149.
, Gottfried Daniel, German pietist,
XIV. 149.
Krummholz, tree, xix. 104.
Krunen (Cronstadt), town, Austria, vi.
608.
Krung-Krao (Ayutuia), town, Siam,
XXI. S52. ,
Kritpp, Friedrich, his cannon foundries,
VIII. 550; his cannon, II. 557; ;xi. 290.
Krus (Krumen), Negro people. West
Africa, xiv. 149.
Krusenstern, Adam John, Russian
navigator, xiv. 149.
Kryloff (Kriloff), Ivan A., Russian
fabulist, XIV. 148.
Krvm, or Crimea (q.v.), peniusula,
Russia, VI. 5S5.
Kryukoff, town, Russia, XI v. 147.
Krzezowice, village, Austrian Poland,
VI. 541.
Kshattriyas, Hindu caste, iv. 203,
204; v. 188; XII. 781; xviii. 72
Kshemankara, Sanskrit writer, xxi.
287.
Kt.\adn, mountain, New England,
U.S.A., xxiii. 792.
Kto Vinovat? Hertzen's story, XI. 773.
KUANGO, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
XXIV. 765.
Kuba, to\vn, Caucasus, Russia, xiv. 1 50.
KUB.^N, district and government, Russia,
XIV. 150; river, v. 254; xxi. 74.
Kubasoff, Sergius, Russian chronicler,
XXI. 105.
Kublai, ancient town, China, iv. 722.
Khan, Mongol ruler, xiv. 150;
XVI. 742; emperor of China, V. 648;
XIX. 405; his conversion to Buddhism,
XIV. 229.
Kubrat, Hunnic chief, xii. 382.
Kubus, race of people, Sumatra, xxii.
640.
Kuchan, town and district, Persia,
XIV. 152.
KuCH Behar, state, India, xiv. 152.
KuCHENMEISTER, Friedrich, on tape-
worms, XXIII. 50.
Kudat Harbour, North Borneo, xxi.
123.
KUBIAKAD, mountain, India, xvii.
509.
Kudial-Kala (Kuba), town, Caucasus,
Russia, XIV. 150.
Kudriavtzoff, Peter N., Russian his-
torian, XXI. 108.
Kudus, town, Java, xiii. 606.
KueN-Lun, mountains, Tibet, XIV. 152;
II. 684; V. 630; XXIII. 339, 341, 637.
KUFA, district, Mesopotamia, XVI. 51;
town, XVI. 564, 570.
KuFRA, oasis, Africa, XVil. 695.
KUH Ala Dagh, mountain, Persia, xiv.
66.
KUH Dinar, mountains, Persia, xvill.
619.
KuH Khorkud, mountain, Persia, xiv.
66.
Kuhlau, Frederik, Danish musical com-
poser, VII, 94,
KUHNA ShaHR (Kashgar), town, Turk'-
Stan, XIV. 7; XXIII. 639.
Kuhnite, mineral, XVI. 404.
Kuhorn, Martin (Bucer), German Re-
former, IV. 411.
KuiLU, river, West .africa, XIV. 742.
KUKA, or Kukawa, town, Bo.-nu, Africa,
XIV. 153; I. 271; IV. 61; XXII. 279.
Kuk.\y.\, Simeon, Syriac hymn-TiTiter,
XXII. 832.
KuKi Hills, district, India, xv. 6g.
Ku-Klux-Klan, secret society. United
States, XXIII. 784.
Kukri, Nepalese weapon, XXII. S02.
KUKU Khoto, town, China, xiv. 153.
Kulab, district. Central Asia, xil. 3.
Kulabagh (Kalabagh), town, India,
XIII. 826.
Kul.\se Kharapatnam, to^vn, India,
XXIII. 405.
KULDJA, Old and New, towns. Central
Asia, XIV. 154.
KULIKOVO, Russia, Battle of (13S0),
x.xi. 91.
KULLU, district, India, Xiv. 1 54.
KULM, town, Prussia, Xiv. 154; battle
of (18 13), XVIL 220.
KuLMAS, Louise Adelgunde Victoria,
German authoress, x. 856.
Kulmbach, town, Bavaria, xiv. 1 54.
KULUK Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
KUM, town, Persia, xiv. 155; xviii.
626, 628.
Kuma, river, Caucasus, v. 254; xxi. 74;
xxil. 472.
KumaON (Kuniaun), pro^nnce India,
XL 823.
Kumassi (Coomassie),- ^wn, West
Africa, VI. 336.
KuMAUN, district and division, India,
XIV. 155; XL S23; XVII. 572.
Kumbh-Mela, Indian festival, XL 475.
Kumbur, Baluchi chief. III. 3CX).
KUMIIEL, liqueur, xiv. 687.
KUMPTA, town, India, XIV. 155.
KUMSA, river, Russia, XVII. 772.
KUNASHIR, one of the Kurile Islands,
Asia, XIV. 160.
KUNCH, town, India, XIV. 155.
Kunckel, Johann, his researches in
chemistry, v. 460.
KUNDT, August, his experiments on
sound, I. 116.
KuNDUZ, river and province, Afghani-
stan, I. 241, 242.
KUNERSDORF, Prussia, Battle of (1759),
III. 128; XXI. 99.
KUNGUR, town, Russia, xiv. 155;,
XVIIL 550.
KUNTAMPOH, town. West Africa, xx.
153-
KUOPIO, province, Finland, IX. 217;
town, XXIV. 209.
KUPANG, town, Timor, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXIII. 398.
KuPAKENTO, Jordaki, Polish aeronaut,
I. 201.
K U P — L A B
249
KUPFERBLAU, mineral, XVI. 411.
KURA, river, Transcaucasia, Russia, XXI.
74; XXIII. 513.
KURAL, Tamil poem, XXIII. 43.
KURAN, or Koran (j.t'.), xvi. 597.
KURESKI, Prince Andrew, Kussian
writer, XXI. 92, 104.
Kurdistan, country. Western Asia,
XIV. 155; xxill. 653; Nestorians of,
XVII. 357.
Kurd Language, Dictionaries of, vii.
190.
Kurds, race of people. Western Asia,
11. 712; XIV. 156.
i-CuREN (Old Kuldja), town, Central
Asia, XIV. 154.
KURENBERG, Von, Austrian poet, xvil.
476.
Kurgan, town, Siberia, xiv. 160; xxii.
1 1 ; XXIII. 430.
Kurgans, sepulchral mounds, Kertch,
Russia, XIV. 53.
KURILE Islands, North-Eaatern Asia,
XIV. 160; XIII. 569, 570.
Kurinians, Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
KURISCHE Haff, lagoon, Prussia, XX.
2a
Kurla, town, Turkestan, xxni. 639.
Kurland (Courland), prorince, Russia,
VI. 515; XXI. 69.
KuRMis, class of society, India, xviii.
72-
KurnaL, district, India, XX. 109.
KURNEH, Egypt, Temple of, vii. 779.
Kurrachee, district, India, xiv. 160;
town, XIV. 161.
KURRAM, river, Afghanistan, I. 230.
Kursk, government, Russia, XI v. 161;
XXI. 69; town, Xiv. 161.
KuRSNER, Conrad (Pellicanus), German
theologian, xviii. 477.
KuRU, mountains, Persia, xviii. 619.
KURUASSA, town, Niger, Africa, XVII.
496.
KURUMBAS, hill tribe, India, xvii. 509;
XXIII. 42.
KURUSH (Cyrus), Persian king, xviii.
564.
Kurvanin-Kar.a, mountain chain,
Transcaspian Region, Russia, xxiii.
511.
KusHADASSi, town. Asia Minor, xxi.
361.
KuSHLEK, Mongol chiei, xill. 621.
KUSHTIA, town, India, xvii. 161.
KUSI, river, India, III. 626; XVll. 340.
Kusimanse, carnivorous mamnial, xv.
437-
Kussnacht, Bay of, Lake of Lucerne,
Switzerland, XV. 41.
KUSTENDJE, town, Roumania, Xiv.
161.
KusTRiN, town, Prussia, xiv. 162.
Ku-su (Su-Chow), town, China, xxil.
617
Kusuga, Shinto tempie of, Nara, Japan,
XVII. 229.
KUSUNDAS, Nepalese race, xvil. 341.
Kutaiah, town, Asia Minor, xiv. 162.
KUTAIS, town, Caucasus, Russia, xiv.
162; XXIII. 514; government, xxill.
513-
KUTAVA (Kutaiah), town, Asia Minor,
XIV. 162.
Kutchuk-Kainardji, Walachia, Peace
of (1774), XXI. 18; XXIII. 647.
Kutchuk-Mender, river, Asia Minor,
II. 708.
KUTCHUM, fort, Siberia, xxiil. 430.
Kutno, town, Russian Poland, XXIV.
375-
Kutshuk-Kainardji, Walachia, Treaty
of (1774), XXI. 18; XXIII. 647.
Kuttenberg, town, Bohemia, xiv.
162.
KuTUSOFF, Mikhail J. G. Russian
general, XVII. 217.
KtTTY, town, Austria, xiv. 162.
KuxHAFEN (Cuxhaven), town, Ger-
many, VI. 742.
KUYUNJIK, ruins of Nineveh, xvii. 512;
"• 397-
KuzifETSK, town, Siberia, XIV. 162;
xxi. 305; XXII. 11; XXIII. 439.
KVASS, Russian beer, IV. 264.
KWALA KUNGSA, town. Straits Settle-
ments, Asia, XXII. 587.
KwALA Lumpur, town. Straits Settle-
ments, Asia, XXII. 587.
Kwang-Chow Foo, or Canton (}■.».),
China, v. 37.
KwANG-SE, province, China, v. 640.
KWANG-TUNG, province, China, v.
639.
KwANNON, Japanese goddess. Temple
of, XXIII. 433.
KwANTZE, Chinese musical instrument,
XVII. 705.
KwEl-CHOW, province, China, v. 640.
KwEi-LiNG Foo, town, China, V. 64a
KWEI-YANG Foo, town, China, v. 64a
Kwon-za-Leng, river, British Burmah,
XXI. 239.
Kworra (Niger), river, Africa, xvii.
496.
Kyan, or Kaiyan, town, Persia, xviii.
627.
K\'D, Thomas, English dramatist, vii.
429; XXI. 763.
Kylas, Cave-chambers of, Ellora, India,
II- 395-
Kyle, district, Ayrshire, Scotland, III.
163.
KylOES, breed of cattle, I. 389.
Kynetoskias Cyathus, species of
Polyzoa, XIX. 438.
Kyouk-Hpyu, district, Burmah, XIV.
162.
KVROSITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
Kyrre, Olaf, Norwegian king, XVII.
587.
Kyshtym, town, Russia, xviii. 550.
Kythal (Kaithal), town, Punjab,
India, xill. S25.
T the twelfth letter of the alphabet,
■'-') XIV. 163.
Laacher See, lake, Rhenish Prussia,
3Cx. 20.
Laar, or Laer, Pieter van, Dutch
painter, xiv. 200.
La BAD15, J^n de, French Pietist, xiv.
163.
Labadists, religious sect, xiv. 163.
Laearum, sacred standard,- xiv. 164.
Labbays, Indian race, xii. 746; xv. 185.
LABi, Louise, French poetess, ix. 651.
Label Moulding, in architecture, 11.
466.
Labem (Aussig), town, Bohemia, III. loi.
Labeo, Marcus Antistius, Roman jurist,
XIV. 164.
, Notker, monk of St Gall, xvil.
597-
Laber, Dypold, German transcriber,
xxilL 682.
Laberinto, El, Juan de Mena's poem,
XVL I.
Laberius, Decimus, Latin farceur, xiv.
164.
Labicum, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
Labid, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
Labienus, Titus, Roman general, xiv.
165; xvill. 286.
Labour, xiv. 165; xix. 463; in early
times, I. 294; in relation to capital,
XXIV. 48; influence of communism on,
VL 217; diet suitable for, VII. 202;
free trade in, IX. 761; legislation with
respect to, xiv. 166; in mining, xvi.
449; rents paid in, XX. 403; socialist
views cl, XXII. 206, 211; in relation
to wages, XXIV. 306; in relation to
wealth, XXIV. 461; Lassalle's views
on capital and, xiv. 321; Ricardo's,
XIX. 374; Rodbertus's, XX. 616; Adam
Smith's, XIX. 367.
Labourdonnais, B. F. Mahe de(i6gg-
1753)1 Erench governor, Mauritius,
XV. 641.
, F. B. Mah(5 de (1795-1840), French
chess-player, v. 601.
Labourers, Earm, i. 408.
Labour Laws, xiv. 165.
Labours, The Twelve, of nercules, XI.
726.
Labrador, territory. North America,
XIV. 175; Eskimos of, viii. 544.
Labrador-Duck, bird, iii. 735.
Labradorite, mineral, xvi. 420.
•Labrang, Buddhist temple, Lhasa,
Tibet, XIV. 228, 499.
La Brea, pitch lake, Trinidad, West
Indies, XXIII. 573.
La Brede, Baron de (Montesquieu, g.».),
XVI. 782.
Labrunie, Gerard (G. de Nerval),
French writer, X. 441.
Labrus, genus of fishes, XXIV. 686.
La Bruyere, Jean de, French moralist,
XIV. 177; IX. 663.
XXV. — 3a
250
L A B — L A H
Labuan, isLnd, Indian Archipelago,
XIV. 178; coal of, VI. 59.
Labuk, river, North Borneo, XXI. 123.
Laburnum, tree, xiv. 179; 11. 318.
Lab\'RINTH, in mythology, XIV. 179;
of Fayoum, Egypt, II. 387; VII. 774.
, in gardening, Xiv. 180.
Labyrinthodonta, order of Amphihia,
I. 751.
Labvrinthulidea, class of Protozoa,
XIX. 843.
Lac, resinous incrustation, XIV. :8i;
Indian, XII. 752; dye, vii. 575.
La Caille, spa, France, xxi. 332.
Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de, French
astronomer, XIV. 182; II. 757; his
measurement of arc of meridian, VII.
598.
La Calle, or La Gala, town, Algeria,
XIV. 182.
La CALPRENtDE, Gautier de Costes de,
French romancist, XX. 659.
La Cava, town, Italy, v. 259; library,
XIV. 530, 548.
Laccadives, islands, Indian Ocean,
XIV. 182.
Lacco, spa, Tschia, Italy, XIII. 385.
Lace, xiv. 183; gold and silver, x.
753! point d'Alenijon, I. 477; factories
in England, VIII. 233 ; in France, IX.
521 ; Heathcoat's machines for making,
XI. 590.
Laced.-emon, state, Greece. Xiv. 193;
XXII. 369.
l.ACEpfeDE, Bernard G. i. de la Ville,
Comle de, French naturalist, xiv.
191; on fishes, XII. 633; on reptiles,
XX. 434.
Lacerda, Francisco Jos^, African ex-
plorer, X. 189; I. 246.
Lacertilia, order of reptiles, xrv.
732; classification of, XX. 439, 444.
La Chalosse, district, Landes, France,
XIV. 272.
La Chalotais, Louis Ren^ de Cara-
deuc de, French politician, XIV. 191
La Chapelle, artesian wells, in Paris,
II. 645.
La Charit^, town, France, XVII. 496.
Laches, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 196.
Lachine Canal, St Lawrence, Canada,
XXI. 181; rapids, XVI. 794; XX. 165;
XXI. 181.
Lachish, town, Palestine, XIV. 192.
La Chiusa, town, Italy, V. 676.
Lachlan, river, Australia, XVII. 62, 408.
Lachmann, Karl Konrad Friedrich
Wilhelm, German philologist, XIV.
192; on the Homeric poems, XII. 117;
on the Nibelungenlied, xvn. 467.
Lachryma Christi, wine, xxiv. 610.
Lacibi (Loja), ancient town, Spain, xiv.
8io.
Lacidulermium (Grazalema), ancient
town, Spain, xi. 78.
L.^ckenby Iron-Works, England,
Blowing engines at, HI. 551.
Lacker, or Lacquer, varnish, XIV. 194;
XIII. 590, 592; XXIV. 92.
La Combe, Francis de. Madame Guyon's
director, XI. 342.
La Condamine, Charles Marie de.
French geographer and mathematician,
XIV. 193; his explorations in South
America, X. 189.
Laconia, state, ancient Greece, xiv. 193;
XXII. 369.
Laconian Dialect, of Greek, xi.
133-
Laconicum, ancient bath, iii. 434.
Lacordaire, Jean Baptiste Henri,
French orator, XI v. 193.
Lacquer, varnish, xiv. 194; Japanese,
XIII. 592; XXIV. 92.
Ware, Japanese, xill. 590, 592.
Lacretelle, Charles de, French his-
torian and journalist, XIV. 194.
Lacrosse, game, xiv. 195.
La Crosse, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XIV. 195; population, XXIV. 617.
Lacrymal Apparatus, of the human
eye, I. 89 1.
Lacrymal Gland, Diseases of, xvii.
786.
Lacrymatory, ancient utensil, xiv.
«95-
LactantiusFirmianus, early Christian
writer, xiv. 195.
Lactation, Diet during, vii. 205.
Lactic Acid, xiv. 196.
Lactic Organs, of Mammalia, xv. 368;
XVI. 301.
Lactometer, dairy instrument, I. 168;
XII. 542; XVI. 305.
Lactose, variety of sugar in milk, xvi.
303-
Lactucarium, narcotic substance, XVii.
231.
Lacy, Hugo de, his power in Ireland,
XIII. -259.
Ladak, district, Tibet, xiv. 197; XXIII.
339-
Lad.^S, statue by Myron, XVII. 120.
Ladder Hill, St Helena, Atlantic, xxi.
171.
Ladders, in mines, XVI. 461.
Ladik, or Ladikiyeh, tow-n, Asia Minor,
XIV. 293, 323; XV. 92.
Ladin (or Ladino) Language, Ro-
mance dialect, xiii. 492; XX. 668.
Ladislaus, king of Naples, XX. 803.
I., king of Poland, XIX. 287.
, czar of Russia, XXI. 95.
La Dixmerie, Nicolas Bricaire de,
French writer, xiv. 198.
Lado, tovm, on Nile, Africa, XVII. 506.
Ladoga, Lake, Russia, xiv. 199; xvii.
764.
, New, town, Russia, Xiv. 199.
Ladon, river, Greece, xvii. 765.
Ladrone Islands, North Pacific
Ocean,, xiv. igg; XVI. 256; XVIII.
128.
Lady, title, xxin. 417.
Ladv-Bird, beetle, VI. f34; xiii. 1507
destroyer of wheat-pests, XXIV. 535.
Lady of the Lake, Scotf s poem, xxi.
54S.
L/EM.\RGUS, genus of sharks, XXI. 777.
Laennec, Rene Theodore Hyaciu'lie,
inventor of stethoscope, XIV. 200: III.
100; XV. 816; XX. 181.
Laer, Pieter van, Dutch painter, Xiv.
200.
LitSTRYGONES, mythic race of giants,
XIV. 2co; XIX. 559.
L/EVi, Liguriau tribe, Italy, xill. 446;
XIV. 639.
LiEVOGLUCOSE, or Lffivulose, constituent
of honey, IX. 96; XII. 136; XXII. 624.
La F.4.RINA, Giuseppe, Italian ■writer
and politician, XIV. 201.
La Fayette, town, Indiaria, U.S.A.
XIV. 201.
La Fay'ETTE, Marie Jean Paul, Marquis
de, French general and statesman,
XIV. 201; IX. 594, 603; in America,
XXIIL 743, 745.
Lafayette, Marie M. P., Comtesse de,
French writer, IX. 659.
College, at Easton, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXIII. 857.
Lafitau, Joseph Francois, Jesuit mis-
sionary, North An pica, xvii. 137.
La FLfeCHE, town, France, xiv. 203;
xxi. 314.
La Fontaine, Jean de, French poet
and fabulist, XIV. 203; viii. 839; ix.
657; his relations with Racine, xx.
204.
Lafosse, Charles de, French painter,
XIV. 207.
Lafuente, Modesto, Spanish historian,
xxn. 362.
Lagenidea, order of Protozoa, xix
847.
Laghouat, town, Sahara, Africa, XX).
149.
Lagomorpha, section of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 421.
Lagom yiDjE, family of rodent mamaials,
XV. 421.
L.\GOPUS, genus of birds, XI. 222. -
Lagos, town, Portugal, xiv. 207.
, British settlement. West Africa,
XIV. 207; XXIV. 754.
Lagothrix, genus of apes, 11. 153.
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, mathema-
tician, XIV. 207 J XIX. 281; his con-
tributions to algebra, I. 515; VIII.
500; on the infinitesimal calculus,
XIII. 12 ; on lunar and planetary
perturbations, II. 761; on the limar
theory, XVI. 801; on the theory ol
parallels, XVIII. 255.
LAGRENtE, Louis Jean Francois, -Frencli
painter, Xiv. 211.
Laguna, town, Teneriffe, iv. 799.
Laharpur, town, India, xxii. 102.
Lahire, Laurent de,. French painter,
xiv. 211.
L A H — L A M
251
Lahw, river. Germany, xvii. 238; xx.
519.
La HOGUE, France, Battle of (1692),
IX. 579; XXIV. 580.
Lahore, division and district, India,
XIV. 211; XX. log; conquest of, by
Mahmud, XV. 286.
, to\\Ti, India, XIV. 212; Punjab
University at, xxiii. 856.
Lahr, to^vn, Baden, Germany, XIV. 215.
Lai, or Lay, in French literature, XV.
541.
Laibach, town, Austria, XIV. 215; con-
gress of (1821), XIII. 486; XVI. 201.
Laigle, town, France, xvill. 2.
Laila and Majnun, poem of Nizami,
XVII. 522.
Laing, Alexander Gordon, African ex-
plorer, XIV. 216.
, David, Scottish antiquary, xiv.
216.
, Malcolm, Scottish nistorian, XI v.
216.
Laisheff, town, rcussia, xiv. 20.
Laissez Faire, economic doctrine, XIX.
360.
Laissez Faire, theory of government,
XI. 17.
Lai-yang, town, China, xiv. 216.
Laka, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344.
Lake, Lakes, xiv. ,216; as reservoirs,
XXIV. 405 ; temperature of, VI. 4;
water of, XXIV. 398; of Central
Africa, XVII. 505; of the St Lawrence,
XXI. 177.
Dwellings, xiv. 222; 11. 116,
384; crannogs, vi. 552; xxiv. 563.
LakE-Fishing, angling, II. 39.
Lake Iron Ores, xiii. 287.
Lakena, atoll, Polynesia, xix. 420.
Lake of the Woods, Minnesota,
U.S.A., XVI. 476.
Lake Pigments, xix. 87.
Lakhimpur, district, Assam, India,
XIV. 224.
Lakhmids, Kingdom of the, Arabia,
XVI. 545.
Lakhnadon, plateau, India, xxi. O5.
Lakhnaoti, town, India, x. 112.
Lakoja, station, on the Niger, Africa,
XVII. 498.
uAKSANA Phra, Siamese law treatises,
XXL 856.
Lakshmanasen.\. dynasty of Bengal,
India, x. H2
Lalande, Joseph J&ome Lefran9ais de',
French astronomer, XIV. 225.
La-LIN, town, Manchuria, XV. 466.
Lalin, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
LalitpuRj district, India, xiv. 225.
Lalla Rookh, Moore's poem, xvi. 807.
Lally, Thomas Arthur, Comte de,
French general, xiv. 226; in India,
IX. 589; XII. 800.
Lama, genus of imgulate mammals, xiv.
738.
, Great, o{ Tibet, xiv. 230; temples
and festivals of, at Lhasa, Xiv. 499,
501.
Lamachus, Athenian leader in Syra-
cusan war, xxil. 814.
Lamaism, xiv. 226; among the Mon-
gols, XVI. 744 ; XXIV. 11 ; in Tibet,
XIV. 151; XXIII. 343, 346; temples
and festivals at Lhasa, XIV. 499, 501
Lama-Miau, town, Mongolia, xiv. 230.
La Mancha, district, Spain, XV. 458.
La Manche, department, France, XV.
458.
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste P. A. de Monet,
Chevalier de, French naturalist,
XIV. 231; on evolution, VIII. 748; on
morphology, XVI. 839; his zoological
classification, XXIV. 806.
La Marck, Comte de, Mirabeau's letters
to, XVI. 496.
Lamarre, William, scholastic philo-
sopher, XXI. 429.
Lamartine, Alplionse Maria Louis de
Prat de, French VTiter and statesman,
XIV. 232; IX. 622, 675.
Lamb, Charles, English essayist, xiv.
234-
, Mary, English \vriter, XIV. 234.
, William, Viscount Melbourne, XV.
838.
Lambadis, tribe, India, xv. 185.
LAMB.ESA (Lambese), ancient town,
Algeria, xiv. 237; XVII. 628.
Lamballe, Marie T. L., Princesse de,
XIV. 235.
Lambayeque, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
Lambay Island, Ireland, vii. 494;
XIII. 216.
Lam be, Dr, Murder of, iv. 419.
Lambert of Ostia (Pope Honorius II.),
XIL 143.
, the Porcupine man, iv. 245.
, Daniel, his great size and weight,
VL 435.
, Franz, on church order, XIX. 676.
, Johann Heinrich, German physi-
cist, XIV. 236; on squaring the circle,
XXII. 436; his contributiona to mag-
netism, XV. 236.
, John, English Parliamentary
general, XIV. 236.
, John, English martyr, VIII. 335.
Lambertiana, tree, xix. 105.
Lamberty, Gmllaume de, Swiss \vriter,
XXII. 799.
Lambese, or Lambessa, towii, Algeria,
XIV. 237.
Lameespring, Bartholomew, English
sculptor, XXI. 560.
Lambeth, part of London, Xiv. 821;
potteries in,' XIX. 632.
Articles, The, of 1595, 11. 654.
Degrees, archbishop of Canter-
bury's, II. 369.
Palace, London, xiv. 838.
Lambs, Management of, i. 394; skins of,
IX. 838; XIV. 380.
Lamb's Lettuce, vegetable, xu. 281.
LaMBTON, John George; earl of Dur-
ham, VII. 563.
Lamech, of Scripture, XIV. 23S.
Lamego, town, Portugal, XIV. 23S.
Lamellar Magnetiz.\tion, xv. 232.
Lamellibranchia, class of MoUusca,
XVI. 684.
Lamellicornes, group of beetles, vi.
131-
Lamennais, Hugues F^licit^ Robert de,
French theologian and philosopher,
XIV. 239; IX. 675; XVII. 426; XXI.
382.
LAMEKTrtTIONS, Book of, XIV. 240.
La Merveille, abbey, Mont St Michel,
France, XVI. 797.
Lamettrie, or La Mettrie, Julien Offray
de, French philosopher, XIV. 243; IX.
668.
Lameyyah, Arabic poem, 11. 263.
Lamgalis, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, Xlll.
822.
Lamia, of Greek legend, xiv. 243.
, Keats's poem, Xiv. 23.
Lamian War, Greece, xi. 107.
Lammergeyer, bird, xiv. 243; i. 633.
LammermUIR, district, Scotland, III.
612.
Hills, Scotland, xi. 361.
Lamna, genus of sharks, xix. 518; xxi.
776.
Lamont, Johann von, German astrono-
mer, XIV. 244.
La Motte, Antoine Houdart de, his
controversy with Madame Dacier, VI.
759-
Lamourette, Adrien, collaborator
with Mirabeau, XVl. 497.
Lamp, Lamps, xiv. 244; ancient, xiv.
247; of Damascus ware,' xix. 621;
electric, XI V. 632; for magic lantern,
XV. 212; safety, for mines, vi. 72;
XVL 461.
Lamp-Black, pigment, XIV. 24S; V. 87.
399; XIX. 88; xxiiL 58.
Lampedusa, island, Mediterranean, xiv.
249.
Lampern (Lamprey), fish, xil. 694;
XIV. 249.
Lampertico, Fedele, Italian economist,
XIX. 394.
Lampeter, Wales, St David's College at,
xxjji. 856.
Lampetra (Lamprey),, genus of fishes,
XII. 694; XIV 249.
Lampong, residency. Sumatra, xxil.
639.
Lampoon, personal satire, XVIII. 341.
Lamprey, fish, xiv. 249; xii. 694.
Lampridius, ..Eli us, Augustan historian,
III. 74.
Lampsacus, Greek colony, Asia Minor,
XIV. 249; XVII. 122; coins of, XVII.
645.
Lamu, island, East Africa, xxiv. 768.
Lamds, Greek mythic city, xiv. 200,
243-
252
L A I\I - L A N
Lamuts, Siberian people, xxin. 608.
LAN, Swedisli administrative division,
XXII. 741
Lana, Francis, his aeronautical machinsj,
I. 187.
Lanai, island, Hawaiian group, XI. 532.
Lanark, county, Scotland, xiv. 250;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, xxiil. 727; coalfield, VI.
53; to\vn, XIV. 252.
Lanarkite, mineral, xvi. 400.
Lancashire, or Lancaster, county,
England, XIV. 252; population and
representation, XXIII. 727; coalfield,
VI. 51; cotton manufactures, VI. 4S9.
Lancaster, to-vvn, England, xiv. 254.
, tomi, Ohio, U.S.A., xiv. 255.
, town, Pemisylvania, U.S.A., Xiv.
255-
, Royal House of. Xiv. 2<iS't viil.
327; XIX. 175.
, Duke of (Jolin of Gaunt), vill. 319,
327, 328; XXII. 320.
— , Sir James, English navigator, xiv.
257-
, Joseph, English educationist, xiv.
257; VII.' 678:
Lancasterian Institution, educa-
tional, XIV. 258.
Lance, weapon, 11. 555.
, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
Lancelet, fish, XIV. 258; XXIV. 178.
Lancelot, romance, xx. 644, 647.
Lancers, cavalry, v. 263.
Lancewood, xiv. 259.
Lan-chow Fpo, town, China, xiv.
259.
Lanciano, town, Italy, xiv. 259.
Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, Italian
physician, xv. 8 1 5.
Lancret, Nicolas, French painter, XIV.
259.
Land, its possession and tenure, xiv.
259; agrarian laws, I. 287; cleaning
of, in agriculture, I. 335; free trade
in, IX. 761 ; property in, in Roman
law, XX. 673, 689, 713; real estate in,
XX. 304; registration of, XX. 342 ;
rent of, in relation to value, XXIV. 50;
socialist views of, XXII. 206; taxes on,
IX. 181 ; tenure of, see Land Teniure
below; Ricardo's theory of, XIX. 374;
Adam Smith's, XIX. 367.
, in. physical geog4'aphy, X. 211;
temperature of, XVI. 134; upheaval
and subsidence of, X. 255.
Landana. town, Loango, Africa, xiv.
743-
Landau, town, Bavaria, xiv. 271.
Landelle, De la, his flying machine,
IX. 320.
Landen, John, English niathematician,
XIV. 271.
Lander, John, African explorer, xiv.
271; I. 246.
, Richard, African explorer, XIV.
271; I. 246; V. 802.
Landes, department, France, XIV. 272;
X. 624.
Landjuweelen, rhetorical tourna-
ments, Holland, xii. 91.
Land Laws, Brehon, iv. 252 ; xiil.
254; in relation to feudalism, IX. 122;
Roman, XX. 673, 689, 713; Spartan,
XV. 97 ; of the homestead. United
States, XII. 122.
Land League, Ireland, xiii. 272.
Landlord, in relation to rent, XX.
402.
AND Tenant, Law of,xiv. 272,
268; in Ireland, XIII. 228.
Landmann, Georg (Agricola), minera-
logist, I. 290.
Lando, Michele di, popular leader,
Florence, XV. 783.
Landon, Charles Paul, French painter,
XIV. 278.
— , Letitia Elisabeth, English poetess,
XIV. 278.
Landor, "Walter Savage, English writer,
XIV. 278; as dramatist, vii. 439.
Landora, town, Sweden, XIV. 282.
Landowners, iii the United Kingdom,
XXL 530.
Land-Ownership, Celtic, v. 800.
Landowning, in the United Kingdom,
VIII. 223.
Landport, Portsmouth, England, xix.
534-
Land-Rail, bird, vi. 543; xx. 222.
Land-Roller, agri .ultural implement,
1. 319.
Lands, Moor, Reclamation of, l. 402.
Landsberg-an-der-Warthe, town,
Prussia, XIV. 280.
Landscape Drawing, vii. 450.
Landseer, Charles, English painter,
XIV. 280.
, Sir Edwin Henry, English paint-
er, XIV. 280.
, John, English painter, XIV. 280.
, Thomas, English eneraver, XIV.
280.
Landshut, town, Bavaria, xiv. 281.
Landskro, spa, Germany, xvi. 436.
LandskrONA, town, Sweden. XIV.
282.
Landstad, M. B., Norwegian hymn-
writer, XVII. 59 1-.
Landsting, Swedish county boai'd,
XXII. 743.
Land Surveying, xxii. 695.
Land-Tax Parish, English, xviii.
296..
Land Tenure, i. 294, 406; vi. 209;
XIX. 735; copyhold, VI. 355; early
English, VIII. 275; knight's fee, XIV.
112; manorial rights connected with,
XV. 496; seignory, XXI. 623; in India,
XII. 769; XV. 289; in Ireland, Xlll.
218; in Isle of Man, xv. 452; in
Italy, XIII. 452; in Russia, XXI. 83;
in United States, XII. 122: XXIII. 763;
Littleton on. xiv. 704.
Landwehr, German militia, 11. 595.
Lane, Edward William, English Orien-
talist, XIV. 282; on Egyptian baths,
III. 437.
Lane's Electric Jar, viii. 117.
LAN franc, archbishop of Canterbury,
XIV. 282; II. -91; VIII. 372; XVII.
543; his influence on the Normans,
xvn. 548.
Lanfranchi of Milan. Italian surgeon,
XXII. 675.
Lanfrev, Pierre, French historian,
XIV. 284.
Langdale Pike, mountain, England,
XXIV. 513.
Lang Darma, or Langdharma. Tibetar>
king, XIV. 229, 502.
Lange, Friedrich Albert, on evolution,'
VIII. 768.
Langen Bielau. village, Qermanv; 11:.
666.
Langensalza, to-wn, Prussia, XIV. 285.
Langenschwalbach, spa, Germany,
XXI. 460.
Langenthal, district, Prussian Silesia,
XXII. 52.
Langethal, German educationist, ix.
793-
Langev, QuiUaume du Bellai, Lord of,
French writer, III. 543.
Langiewicz, Marian. Polish patriot,
XIX. 299.
Langite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Langkawi, ■ island, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 321.
Langland, or Langley, William, early
English poet, XIV. 285.
Langlev, Batty, on pointed architec-
ture, II. 445.
Lango, island, Norway, XIV. 769.
Langobardi (Lombards, q.v.), people,
Italy, XIV. 813.
Lancobardorum Leges, ancient law
code, XXI. 2i6.
Lang res, town, France, XI V. 286.
Langshans, fowls, XIX. 645.
Langside, Scotland, Battle of (1568),
XV. 599; XXI. 505.
Langton, Stephen, archbishop of
Canterbury, XIV. 286; VIII. 306; hit
quarrel ■with King John, XIII. 713.
Language, Languages, the science,
XVIIL765; alphabets of, I. 601 ; evolu-
tion theories of, VIII. 769; grammar of,
XI. 37; in relation to anthropology, II.
117; to ethnology, VIII. 621 ; to mytho-
logy, XVII. 137; to thought, XX. 75;
expressed by speech sounds, XXII. 381;
African Negro, XVII. 318; of American
races, l. 688; American-Indian, XII.
824; Bantu-KafTre, XIII. 820; XXIV.
827; Celtic, V. 297; Chinese, V. 653;
Dutch, XII. 84; Egyptian, viL 721; xi.
794; English, VIII. 390; Ethiopian,
VIII. 612; Etruscan, VIIL 638; Euro-
pean, VIII. 699; French, IX. 629;
Frisian, IX. 788; German, x. 514;
L A N— L A R
253
Gothic, X. 852; Greet, XI. 126;
Hebrew, XI. 594; Hindustani, XI.
S40; Hottentot, XII. 312; Icelandic,
XII. 627; Iranian, XVIII. 653; Italian,
XIII. 491; Japanese, XIII. 585; Java-
nese, XIII. 606; Lapp, XIV. 306; Latin,
XIV. 327; Magyar, XII. 374; Malagasy,
XV. 171, 175; Malayan, xv. 325;
Manx; XV. 453; Mongol, XVI. 749;
Nepalese, XVII. 341; Pahlavi, XVIII.
134; PaU, XVIII. 1S3; Papuan, XVIII.
231; Persian,' XVIII. 653; PhcEnician,
XVIII. 802; PoljTiesian, XIX. 423;
ProyEnfal, XIX. S67; Romance, XX.
661; Komani, X. 613; Sabtean, XXI v.
740 ; Sanskrit, XXI. 269 ; Scandina-
vian, XXI. 366; Semitic, xxi. 641;
Siamese, XXI. 855; Slavonic, XXII.
147; Spanish, XXII. 346; Tamil, XXIII.
42; Tibetan, XXIII. 346; Turkish,
XXIII. 661 ; Urdu, XI. 840 ; Ztilu,
XXIV.' 827; Plato on, XIX. 202; list of
dictionaries, VII. 183.
Languedoc, province, France, XIV.
287; Reformation in, IV. 743.
■• — Canal, iv. 7S3.
Langue D'Oc, XIX. 86S; poems in. IX,
646.
Langue d'Oil, or Langue d'Oui, xi.\.
868; Wallon, a dialect of, xxiv. 332;
eatirical poems in, IX. 646.
Languet, Hubert, French diploiiiatist,
XIV. 288.
Langy, bird, XI. 262.
Laniere, Nicliolas, English musician,
XVII. 87.
Laniid.S, family of birds, XIV. 81.
Lanius, genus of birds, XXI. 845.
Lankester, E. Ray, on Mollusca, xvi.
632, 639, 64'5, 672; on Protozoa, XIX.
839, 852, 855, '856; his zoological
classification, XXI v. 812.
Lannemezan, plateau, France, XX. 127.
Lanner, bird, ix. 3.
Lannes, Jean, French marshal, XIV.
289.
Lannoy, Baroness de, Dutch VTiter,
XII. 96.
La Noue, Frangois de. Huguenot cap-
tain, XIV. 289.
Lansdell, H., on Siberian penal insti-
tutions, XIX. 762.
Lan.sdowne, First Marquis of, English
statesman, XIV. 289.
, Third Marquis of, XIX. 148.
Lansing, to-rni, Michigan, U.S.A., xiv.
290.
Lansingburgh, to-n-n. New '^ork,
U.S.A., XIV. 290.
LANTAJtA, Simon Mathurin, French
painter, xiv. 290.
Lanterloo, card game, xv. i.
Lantern, in architecture, 11. 467.
, Lighthouse, XIV. 618, 629.
, Magic, XV. 211.
Lantern-Fly, insect, xiv, 290; xill.
153; XVIII. 814-
LantHanite, mineral, XVI. 399.
Lanthanum, chemical element, Xiv.
2gi; V. 542; spectrum of, XXII. 376.
Lantsang-Kiang (Mekong), river,
Asia, XV. 832; XXIII. 339.
Lanuviu.m, ancient to\vn, Italy, xiv.
344;
Lanvaux, Landes of, district, France,
XVI. Si 3.
Lanyards, of ships, xxi. 596.
Lanzarote, island. Canaries, IV. Soo.
Lanzi, Luigi, Italian antiquary, XIV.
292.
Laocoon, in Greek legend, XIV. 292;
sculptured group of, II. 3B5.
, Lessing's work, X. 536; XIV. 480.
L.40DICE, princess of Cappadocia, v.
76.
L.40DICEA, Greek towns, Asia Minor,
'xiv. 293.
, The Epistle from, VIII. 461.
AD Lycum, to^vn, Asia Minor,
XIV. 293; council of (363), on the
Cinon, V. 10.
AD Mare, to^ni, Asia Minor, xiv.
293. 3^i
COMBUSTA, town, Asia Minor, .\IV.
293; XV. 92.
Laodiceans, Epistle to the, xviii.
423.
Laodonia (Lothian), ancient district,
Scotland, XV. 9.
Laomedon, of Greek legend, XXIII.
583.
Laon, town, -ranee, XIV. 293; capital
of an early kingdom, XVII. 541.
GLOBE, X. 6S0.
Laos, Indo-Cliinese people, xiv. 294;
their relations with Siam, XXI. 854;
their language, XXL 774.
Lao-TSZE, or Laou-tze, Chinese author
and founder of Taoism, Xiv. 295; v.
664.,
Lapar'OTOmy, m surgery, xxii. 691.
La Paz, to^^•n, Bolivia, xiv. 298.
La Paz, town, Me.\ico, xvi. 214.
La Perouse, Jean Francois, French
navigator, XIV. 298; X. 190.
Lapidary, gem worker, xiv. 298.
Lapide, John 0, Parifi realist, XX.
489.
Lapis Judaicus, stone, xi. 49.
Lapis Laced.emonius, stone, xix. 521.
Lapis Lazuli, mineral, xiv. 300; xvi.
412; xxiii. 721.
LapitH/E, or Lapiths, in Greek mytho-
logy, XIV. 300; xxill. 295.
Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquia de,
French mathematician and astrono-
mer, XIV. 301; his contributions to
astronomical science, II. 761 ; on the use
of balloons, I. 194; on capillary action,
V. 57J on the lunar theory, XVI. Soi;
on probability, XIX. 769; on tides,
XXIII. 355; on the undulatory theory
of light, XIV. 605; his relationa with
Lagrange, xiv. 210.
Lapland, country. Northern Europe.
XIV. 304; XXII. 736.
La Plata, mountain, Colorado, U.S.A.,
VI. 161.
La Plata, river, South America, II.
489; XIX. 1S7.
Lapong, town, Siam, XXI. 853.
Lapop.te, Camisard leader, iv. 744.
La Porte, town, Indiana, U-S.A., XIV.
308..
Lappenberg, Johanu Martin, German
historian, XIV. 308.
Lapp Language, xiv. 306; diction-
aries of, VII. 188.
Lapps, race of people. Northern Europe,
XIV. 305; IX. 219; XIX. 329.
La Puebla, to^-n, Mexico, xx. 98.
Lapwing, bird, xiv. 3o8;.xix. 228.
Lar, Roman household god, xiv. 313;
XVIII. 489.
, town, Persia, XIV. 309.
Lara, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
Laramie City, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 713.
Laranda (Karaman), town, Asia Minor,
XV. 92.
Larash, or El-Araish, town, Morocco,
VII. 796; XVI. 831.
Larat, island, Timor Laut, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXIII. 398.
Larceny, or Theft, xxiii. 232.
Larch, tree, xiv. 309; in United States,
XXIII. 809; culture of, II. 315.
Lard, hog-fat, xiv. 312; xvii. 744;
adulteration of, I.- 171.
Lardner, Dionysius, scientific ■writer,
XIV. 313.
, Nathaniel, English theological
\rater, XIV. 313.
Laredo, town, Spain, xxi. 297.
La Ren audi e, Godefroi de Bam,
Seigneur de, French conspirator, IX.
560.
Larentalia, Roman festival, xiv. 313.
Lares, Roman household gods, xiv.
313; XVIII. 489.
Largilliere, Nicolas, French painter,
XIV. 314.
Largs, Scotland, Battle of (1261), XVII.
588; XXI. 4S5.
Larichus, brother of Sappho, XXI.
303.
Larissa, town, Greece, xiv. 314.
Laristan, province, Persia, xiv. 314.
Larivey, Pierre, French dramatist, ix.
652.
LARivifeRE, Mercier, French physiocrat,
XIX. 361.
Larix, genus of trees, XIV. 309.
Lark, bird, xiv. 314; Mongolian, xv.
467.
i,ARKHANA, tovTO, India, XXI. 803.
Larkspur, garden annual, xii. 249.
Larnaca, town, Cyprus, VI. 748.
La Roche Bernard, to-wn, France,
XVI. 813.
La Rochefoucauld, Fran9oii de.
254
L A R — L A U
French moralist, xiv. 317, 867; IX.
663.
La Rochelle, town, France, xx. 612;
siege of (1628), IX. 568; synod of
(1571), XIX. 694.
La Roche-sur-Yon, town, France, XX.
615; XXIV. 138.
La ROTHlfeRE, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
Larra, Jcfie de, Spanish humorist,
XXII. 361.
Larunda, in Eoman legend, XI v. 313.
Larus, genus of birds, XI. 274.
Larva, of insects, xii. 574; xiii. 147;
of bees, III. 494; of beetles, VI. 127.
, embryo of Polyzoa, XIX. 433, 440.
Larvacea, order of Tunicata, xxili.
614.
Larv.«, in Eoman mythology, XI v.
313-
Laryngismus Stridulus, disease,
XXIII. 320.
Laryngitis, throat disease, xxiii. 319.
Laryngology, department of medicine,
XV. 797.
Laryngoscope, surgical instrument,
xxiii. 319.
Larynx, of mammals, xv. 365; organ
of the voice, XXIV. 273.
La Salle, town, Illinois, U.S.A., Xiv.
318.
La Salle, Antoine de, French writer,
IX. 649.
La Salle, Eobert CaveUer, Sieur de,
French explorer, XIV. 318.
Las Burgas, mineral springs, Spain,
xviL 827.
La Scala, town, Patmos, jEgean Sea,
XVI n. 408.
La Scala Family, Scaliger's supposed
connexion with, XXI. 364.
Lascar, Oriental sailor, xiv. 319.
LASdARis, John IV., Greet emperor,
xin. 713; xvi. 227.
, Constantine, Greek scholar, Xiv.
319; XL 149.
, Joannes, Greek scholar, XIV. 319.
, Paul, grand-master of the Hospi-
tallers, XXL 175.
, Theodore, emperor of Nicsea, XL
119.
Las CAsas, Bartolom^ de. Apostle of the
Indies, XIV. 319.
Las Casas de Tolosa, iaptain-general
of Cuba, VI. 678.
La Seyne, toym, France, XXI. 726;
XXIII. 483.
._ ash BUNA, Moslem name of Lisbon,
XIV. 693.
La Sila, mountains, Italy, XIII. 439.
Lasionite, mineral, XVI. 405.
Laski, Albert, Polish astrologer, Vll.
22.
Lasky, or Laski, John (Alasco), Polish
Reformer, l. 443; xix. 679.
Las Navas, Spain, Battle of (1212),
xxa. 317,
Las PalmaS, town, Canary islands, iv.
799-
Lassa (Lhasa), town, Tibet, xiv. 496;
XXIII. 344.
Lassalle, Ferdinand, German social-
ist, XIV. 320; X. 513; XXII. 210, 214;
on co-operation, Vi. 214.
Lassell, W., English astronomer, II.
811, 812, 813; his observatory at
Starfield, England, xvii. 7ir, his
reflecting telescope, XXIII. 152.
Lassen, Christian, Norwegian Orien-
talist, XIV. 322.
Lassen's Peak, Sierra Nevada, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 800.
i^ASSO, Orlando di, Flemish musician,
XVII. 84.
Last Chronicle of Barset, Trol-
lope's novel, XXIII. 585.
Last Days of Pompeii, Lyttou's novel,
XV. 122.
Lastingham, England, Crypt in church
at, VI. 668.
Lastman, Pieter, Dutch painter, XX.
373-
Last of the Barons, Lytton's novel,
XV. 123.
L'Astr^e, French romance, xx. 659.
Last Supper, of Jesus Christ, xiii.
668; Leonardo da Vinci's painting of,
XIV. 45S.
Las Vegas, hot springs. New Mexico,
U.S.A., XVII. 400.
Latakia, town, Syria, XIV. 323.
Tobacco, xxiii. 425.
Latani.I, genus of palms, XVIIL 190.
Latch Lock, xiv. 748.
Lateau, Louise, of Hainault, Stigmata
of, XXII. 550.'
L.4TENT Heat, xl 555.
Lateran Council, Decrees of the
second, xvil. 484; the fourth, XIIL
84.
Lateran Palace, Rome, xx. 855.
Laterite, rock, India, xil. 737.
Latham, John, on birds, xviii. 6.
Lathe, machine for turning, xiv. 323;
XV. 153.
Lathing, for plaster work, iv. 505.
LathyrUS, genus of plants, XVIII. 441.
Latiaris, epithet of Jupiter, XIII. 780.
Laticiferous Tissue, in plants, xix.
48.
Latimer, Hugh, English Reformer and
martyr, XIV. 325.
Latini, or Latins {q.v.), ancient people,
Italy, XIV. 343.
, Brunetto, Italian poet, Xlll. 501.
Latin Inscriptions, xiii. 124.
Latin Language, xiv. 327; accent in,
I. So; alphabetism in, I. 610; in
relation to Romance languages, XX.
661; dictionaries of, VII. 184; Varro's
treatise on, xxiv. 93.
Latin Le.\gue, of thirty cities, Italy,
XIV. 343.
Latin Literature, xx. 715; rhetoric.
XX. 514; romances, XX. 633: in time
of Virgil, XXIV. 248.
Latins, ancient Italian people, xiil.
445; XIV. 343; XX. 669, 731, 739,
745-
Latin Writing, xviii. 151.
Latitat, English writ, xxiv. 695.
Latitude, in astronomy, 11. 771, 793;
geographical, X. 19S; early methods
of finding, x. 187; in navigation, xvii.
251, 268, 272; of observatories, xvil.
710; as known to Ptolemy, XX. 88;
calculation of, in surveying, X. 166,
169; XXII. 700, 712; highest latitude!
ever reached, X. 196; XIX. 324, 326.
Latium, ancient division, Italy, XIV.
343; coins of, XVII. 637.
Latona, in Roman mythology (th >
Greek Leto), XIV. 345; n. 185.
Latopolis (Esneh), ancient totia,
Egypt, viL 782; VIII. 547.
La Trappe, Monastery of, France,
XXIII. 523; xvL 713.
Latreille, Pierre Andr^, Frsnch
naturalist, Xiv. 345; on reptiles, XX.
436.
Latrobite, mineral, xv:. 42a
Latter Day Saints, or Mormons, xvl
825.
Latvis, or Letts, tribe, Ldthuania, Russia,
XIV. 702.
Lauban, town, Prussia, xiv. 346.
Laube, Heinrich, German writer, x.
545-
Lauber (Dypold), German transcriber,
XXIII. 682.
Laud, WUliam, archbishop of Canter-
bury, XIV. 346; VIII. 346; his church
measures, VUL 377; xix. 6S7; his in-
fluence on Scottish affairs, xxi. 511.
Laudanum, drug, xvii. 793.
Lauder, town, Scotland, III. 613.
, Sir Thomas Dick, Scottish writer,
XIV. 347.
Lauderd.^LE, district, Scotland, in.
612.
, Earl and duke of, Scottish states-
man, XV. 308 ; XXI. 515; his relations
with archbishop Sharp, xxi. 780.
, Eighth Earl of, on Smith's Wealtk
of Nations, XIX. 370.
Laudi, Italian dialogue poems, XIII.
500.
LAUDONNltRE, Rene Goulaina de,
French settler, Florida, xx. 531.
Lauds, canonical hour, iv. 263.
Lauenburg, duchy, Germany, xiv. 347;
XXI. 414.
Laughing, xx. 4Sa
Gas, V. 512.
Jackass, bird, xiv. 82.
Laugier, Meiffren, on birds, XVIII. 12.
Laumontite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Launce, Sand, fish, XXI. 257.
Launceston, town, England, xiv. 347.
, to«-n, Tasmania, Xiv. 347; XXUL
73-
LA U — L E A
255
Launching, of a ship, xxi. 820.
Laupen, Switzerland, Battle of (1339),
XXII. 784.
Laura, in Eastern monachism, i. 10;
XVI. 700.
, of Petrarch's Canzoniere, xviii.
707.
Laureium, Silver mines of, ancient
Greece, III. 59.
Laurel, tree, xiv. 348; in California,
XXIII. 810.
Laurencekirk, town. Scotland, xiv.
79-
I.AURENS, Henry, American statesman,
XIV. 349.
, John, American general, xiv. 349.
Laurenti, Joseph N., on reptQes, XX.
434-
Laurentian Rocks, in geology, x.
327; their thickness, I. 679; in Can-
ada, XX. 166.
Laurentius (Lawrence), St, martyr,
XIV. 370.
Justinianus, St, X. 625.
Laurentum, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
Lauria, town, Italy, XIV. 349.
Laurie Island, Antarctic Ocean, xvii.
407.
Laurite, mineral, xvi. 394.
Laurus, genus of plants, xiv. 348.
Laurvik, or Laurvig, town, Norway,
XIV. 350.
Lausanne, town, Switzerland, XIV. 350;
population, XXIV. 115.
, or Geneva (j.r.). Lake of, Switzer-
land, X. 151.
Lausitz (Lusatia), district, Germany,
XV. 69.
Lausonium (Lausanne), ancient town,
Switzerland, xiv. 350.
Laus Pompeia (Lodi Vecchio), ancient
town, Italy, xiv. 768.
Lautite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Lauzun, Due de, husband of Louise
3'0rl&inB, XVI. 793.
Lava, Volcanic, x. 242, 246.
Lavabo, in architecture, II. 467.
Lavadores, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
Lavagna, town, Italy, xiv. 350; river,
XIII. 437.
, Count of (Fiesco), Genoese conspira-
tor, IX. 147.
Lav.\l, town, France, XIV. 350.
Lavalette, Antoine de, Jesuit adminis-
trator, XIII. 654.
La Vallette, John, grand-master of
the Knights Hospitallers, XXI. 174.
Laval University, Quebec, Canada,
XX. 168.
Lavandula, genus of plants, xiv. 352.
Lavanna, town, Sierra Leone, XXII. 45.
Lavant, river, England, XXII. 723.
LAVATER,Johann Kaspar, Swiss physio-
gnomist, XIV. 351; X. 540; XIX. 5;
XXII. 798.
Lavaur, town, France, Xiv. 351.
La Vela, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 14a
Laveleye, EmOe de, economist, xix.
395-
La Vendue. France, Insurrection in,
IX. 605.
Lavender, plant, xiv. 352; xii. 289.
Lavendulan, mineral, xvi. 404.
Lavenham, England, Beet-sugar factory
at, I. 382.
Laveno, town, Italy, XV. 198.
Lavey, spa, France, XVI. 435.
Lavinium, ancient town, Italy, Xiv. 344.
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, French
chemist, XIV. 352; v. 463; on fermen-
tation, IX. 93.
Lavrientski, Russian chromcle,^ x^ii.
354-
Lavy, bird, XL 262.
Law, XIV. 354; origin of, viiL 624;
Brahmanical, Xll. 782 ; common, VI.
208; constitutional, VI. 309; ecclesias-
tical, VII. 627; early English, VIII.
276; of equity, VIII. 510; international,
XIII. 190; Jcn-ish sacred, III. 634;
martial, VI. 517; military, XVI. 295;
Mohammedan, xvi. 591, 594; Roman,
XX. '669; Salic and other barbarian
laws, XXI. 212; statute, XXII. 468; ad-
ministration of, in England, vin. 261;
codes of, VI. 104; Justinian's codifica-
tion of, XIII. 792; costs in, VI. 452;
Roman schools of, XIV. 164; Gentili
on international, X, 161 ; Hooker's
description of, XII. 152 ; Plato on,
XIX. 210; Vico's idea of, XXI v. 212;
Zachariae on, XXIV. 762 ; legal socie-
ties, XXIL 226.
, St Paul's conception of. the, in
theology, XVIII. 424.
, Edward, Lord Ellenborough, VIII.
146.
, John, promoter of the Mississippi
scheme, XIV. 367; IX. 584; XV. 22;
opposed by D'Aguesseau, VI. 762.
— — , WiUiam, English mystic, XIV. 369.
Lawa (Laos), Indo-Chinese people, XIV.
294.
, state, India, XX. 260.
Laweman (Layamon), Saxon chronicler,
XIV. 374; VIII. 394, 40S; XXL 739.
Lawes, Henry, English composer, xiv.
370; friend of Milton, XVI. 326-
, Sir John, his system of cropping,
I. 342 ; his experiments with manures,
XV. 507.
Lawn, Formation of a, xii. 248.
.Lawn-Tennis, game, xxill. 181.
La,wrence, St, martyr, XIV. 370.
; town, Kansas, U.S.A., XIV. 370.
, to^v•n, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XIV.
370.
, Lord, governor-general, India, xiv.
371; XII. 811.
, Sir Henry Montgomery, governor-
general, India, Xiv. 372.
, James, American naval oflBcer,
xxiii. 760, 789.
Lawrence, Sir Thomas, English painter,
XIV. 373.
Laws of Labour, xiv. 165.
Lawsonia, genus of plants, XL 654.
Lawyers, English, their training, XIII.
88; costume, VI. 476; order of preced-
ence, XIX. 667.
Lay, H. N., administrator at Shanghai,
XXI. 772.
Layamon, Saxon chronicler, xiv. 374;
VIII. 394, 408; XXI. 739.
Laybach (Laibach), to-n-n, Austria, Xiv.
215; congress of (1821), XIII. 486;
XVI. 201.
Layer Marney; Essex, England, Terra-
cotta decorations at, XXIIL 195.
Lay-Figure, Painter's, xviii. 137.
Laynez, Diego, general of the Jesuits,
XIII. 653.
Lay of the Last Minstrel, Scott's
poem, XXI. 547.
Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers,
by Aytoun, ill. 166.
Lay Torpedo, xxjii. 451.
Laxey, Isle of Man, Mines at, XV. 451.
Laxists, in cjisuistry, Xiv. 636.
Lazaretto, quarantine establishlnent,
XX. 154, 157.
Lazar Greblianovich, king of
Servia, XXI. 689.
Lazarillo de Tormes, Mendoza'j
novel, XVI. 10.
Lazarites, Lazarists, or Lazarians,
order of priests, XIV. 374; XVi. 713.
Lazarus, St, Order of, xiv. 374.
of Beth Kandasa, Syriac ^^Titer,
XXII. S41.
bar Sabhetha, Syriac writer,
XXII. 846.
Lazhechnikoff, Iran Ivanovitch. Rus-
sian novelist, XXI. 107.
Lazuli-Finch, bird, xvii. 534.
Lazulite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Lazy-Tongs, Mechanism of, xv. 697.
Lazzari, Bramante, Italian architect,
IV. 213.
, Maria Dominica, Stigmata of, XXII.
550.
Li, to-rni, Tibet, XIV. 197.
Lea, standard measure of flax yarn, xiv.
666.
— -, river, England, XL 771; XVi. 279.
, Matthew Carey, his contributions
to photography, XVIII. 828.
Lead, metal, xiv. 374 ; XVL 58, 382,
465; as chemical element, v. 531;
cyanide of, XX. 23; as a poison, vi.
140 ; XIX. 278 ; alloy in gold assay-
ing, II. 725; spectrum of, XXII. 376;
strength of, XXII. 603; deposits or
mines, in Ireland, xm. 218; in Spain,
1.593; XIV. 653; XXII. 301; in Missouri,
U.S.A., XVI. 525; production of, xvi.
467; production in England, VIII. 22S;
production in United States, XXIII.
817.
, Black, XIX. 230.
256
Lead, White, xix. 86.
Lead-Colic, disease, xviii. 407.
Leadenhall Market, London, xiv.
829.
Leadhillite, mineral, xvi. 399.
Lead, kindly Light, Cardinal New-
man's hymn, XII. 595.
Le.\d Palsy, disease, xviii. 257.
Lead Pencils, xviii. 490; xix.-23i.
Lead-Spar, mineral, xvi. 398.
Leadville, to-n-n, Colorado, U.S.A.,
XIV. 379; XVI. 470; xxill. 815.
Leaf Buds, in plants, iv. 96.
League, measure of distance, XXIV. 4S5.
, the Catholic, of France, IX. 562;
xviir. 745; the Holy, against the Turks
(1571), xni. 717; XIX. 154; XXIII.
644; the Swabian, xxii. 789; xxiv.
702; Swiss leagues, xxil. 781, 783.
Leak, in a vessel, xxi. 601.
Leake, William Martin, English anti-
quarian topographer, xiv. 379.
Leamington, to-mi, England, xiv. 380.
Leander, of Greek legend, xi. 754.
(J. H. van Ess), German theologian,
VIII. 549-
Leane, Lough, Killarney, Ireland, xiv.
76.
Leaou-Tung, province, Manchuria, xv.
466.
Leaou-Yang, town, Manchuria, xiv.
504; XV. 466.
LEAPitfG, in ajicient games, x. 64; in
modern gymnastics, xi. 350.
Leap Year, of the calendar, iv. 666.
Lear, Edward, illustrator of birds,
XVIII. 12.
Lease, in law, xiv. 273; agricultural,
1.294,407,411.
Leasehold, in England, xrv. 264.
Leasing-Making, in Scots law. xxill.
529.
Leasowe Castle, Cheshire, England.
XXIV. 328.
Leather, xiv. 380; stamped, for wall
decoration, XVII. 37.
, Artificial, XIV. 391.
Leaven, ferment in dough. III. 2^4.
Leavenworth, town, Kansas, U.S.A.,
XIV. 391.
Leaves, of plants, iv. 108.
Lebanon, mountains, Syria, xiv. 392.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxil.
821; xxiii. 653.
, town, Permsylvania, U.S.A., xiv.
395-
, Cedar ot, tree, v. 2S5.
Springs, New York, U.S.A., xvl
436.
Lebar Gabhala, Irish legends, xiii.
243.
Lebbin, town, Prussia, xxiv. 633.
Lebda (ancient Leptis), town, Tripoli,
Africa, xiv. 470.
Le Beau, Charles. French historian,
XIV. 395.
Lebedin, town, Russia, xiv. 396.
L E A — L E G
Lebedyan, tOMm, Russia. XIV. 396;
XXIII. 41.
Leben Jesu, Strauss's, xxil. 591.
Leberberg, or Jura, mountain range,
France, xili. 782.
Lebes, in ancient pottery, XIX. 614.
Lebreton, Andr^ Francois, printer of
the French Encyclopedie, viii. 197.
Lebrija, or Lebrixa, town, Spain, XIV.
396; XXL 708.
Lebron, French missionary in Pai-a-
guay, XVIII. 245.
Le Brun, Charles, French painter,
XIV. 396.
Lebrun, Charles Francois, third
consul, France, IX. 613; XVII. 203.
Le Cateau, town, France, v. 219.
Lecce, town, Italy, Xiv. 396.
Lecco, town, Italy, xiv. 397.
, Lake of, vi. 220.
Lecher, E., on radiation, xx. 217.
Lechlade, town, England, xxiil. 220.
Lechmere, Sir Edmund, restorer of
St John's Hospice, xxi. 175.
Lechs, or Lekhs, ancient neople, Poland,
XIX. 285.
Lecithin, fatty substance in nerves,
XIX. 24.
Le Clerc, Jean, Swiss theologian and
WTiter, XIV. 397.
Le Conte, Joseph, on tne stereoscope,
XXIL 539.
Lecouvreur, Adrienne, French actress,
XXI. 346.
Lection, Lectionarium, Lection-
ary, xiv. 397; xvi. 50s.
Lectisternia, Roman religious feast,
XXL 133.
Lectors, minor order of Roman Catho-
lic Church, XIV. 397; XVII. S20.
Lectures, Copyright in, vi. 360.
Lecvthus, in ancient pottery, XIX. 614.
Leczinski, or Leszcynski, Stanislas,
prince of Lorraine and king of Poland,
IX. 585; XVII. 171; XIX. 297; XXII. 450.
Leda, in Greek legend, V. 199.
Ledermuller, Martin F., German
zoologist, XXIV. 806.
Ledger, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Augviste,
French politician, XIV. 39S.
Ledyard, John, American traveller,
XIV. 399.
Lee, river, Ireland, VL 403.
, Ann, foundress of Shaker sect,
XXL 736.
, Charles, American general, XXlli.
741, 742.
, Nathaniel, English dramatist, xiv.
399; viL 435.
, Richard Henry, American states-
man, XIV. 399; ixiiL 743.
, Robert, Scottish divine, XXI. 539.
, Robert Edward, American Confed-
erate general, xiv. 399; xxili. 777, 780.
, William, inventor of the stocking-
frame, xil. 299.
LEEAMBYE, river, Central Africa, XXIV,
765.
Leech, annelid, xiv. 400; 11. 69; touch
organs in, XXIII. 478.
, John, English caricaturist, xiv.
405; v. 105.
Leechdoms, Anglo-Saxon, mediasval
chronicle, XV. 806.
Leeds, town, England, xiv. 406;
libraries of, XIV. 521, 543; news-
papers, XVII; 421 ; representation,
XXIV. 748 ; Yorkshire College at^
XXIII. 854.
Castle, Kent, England, xiv. 4a
Leek, vegetable, XIV. 409; XII. 284.
, town, England, xiv. 409.
Leelite, mineral, XVI. 419.
Leem, Knud, Norse missionary and
philologist, XVII. 590.
Leer, town, Germany, xiv. 410.
Lee's Observatory, Hartwell, Eng-
land, XVII. 711.
Leeuwarden, town, Holland, xiy. 410,
Leeuwenhoek, Anthony van, Dutch
microscopist, Xiv. 410; his contribu-
tions to microscopical anatomy, xxiv.
815; on crystals, VI. 672; his use of
the microscope, I. 812; his discovery
of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
Leeward Islands, West Indies, xxiv.
510; III. 749.
Leeway, in navigation, xvii. 264.
Lefevre, Anne (Madame Dacier),
French scholar, vi. 759.
(Faber), Jacobus, theologian, viil,
835-
(Faber), Johann, Malleus Hsereti-
corum, VIII. 835.
, Raoul, French romancist, xx.
640.
Lefkosia, town, Cyprus, vi. 748; xvii.
491.
Lefort, French astronomer, xiv. 776;
XXIII. 10.
Lefuka, island. South Pacific, IX. 7j'9.
Leg, of birds. III. 720; of mammals, xv.
360.
Legacy Duties, ix. 186; xxii. 616.
Legal Fictions, ix. 140.
Legar6, H. Swinton, American critic,
I. 723.
Legate, Papal, xiv. 412
Legazpi, Miguel Lopez de, Spanish
navigator, XVIII. 753.
Legenda, church seri-ice book, XIV. 710.
Legendre, Adrien Marie, French
mathematician, XIV. 413; on the cal-
culus, XIII. 62; his mathematical
tables, XXIII. 14.
Legends, in folklore, ix. 358; their
place in ethnology, VlII. 623; Irish,
XIII. 243.
OF Saints, Barbour's poem, iii.
365-
L^ger, Jean, Waldensian pastor, xxiv.
325-
Leger Burner, for lamp, xiv. 245.
L E G ~ L E N
257
Legerdemain, sleight of hand, xiv.
414; XV. .207.
Leghorn, town, Italy, XI v. 416; under
the Medici, XV. 791; hat trade of,
XXII. 593.
Legion, division of Roman array, II.
562; XX. 735.
Legionaries, Roman soldiers, xix.
legion op Honour, Order of the,
XIV. 417; IX. 517,615.
Legislation, xiv. 354, 359, 366; in
• clatinn to government, XI. 16; British
l>arliamontary,Xvill. 31 1 ; Roman, XX.
097; of United States, XXIII. 749.
— — , Science of, Filangieri's work, IX.
159.
Lecitim, in Scots law, Xll. 402
Legitimacy, in law, iii. 426.
Legnago, town, Italy, XX. 145.
LeguaN, lizard, XIV. 735.
Legume, or Pod, form of fmit, IV. 151.
Leguminous Crops, Culture of, i. 360.
Lehigh, river, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xviii. 500.
University, U.S.A., xxiii. 857.
Leiah, to%vn, India, XIV. 417.
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, German
mathematician and philosopher, Xiv.
417; on axioms, ill. 160; on evolu-
tion, VIII. 748, 760; on infinitesimal
calcidus, XIII. 8; his influence on
German ^vriters, X. 532; his logic,
XIV. 794; hismetaphysics,XVl. 91; his
optimi-sm, XVIII. 686; his influence on
Kant, XJII. 848; his relations with
Newton, xvii. 445; his criticism of
Pufendorf, XX. 100.
Leibzoll, German tax on Jews, Xlll.
682.
Leice-";tkr, county, England, xiv. 423;
population and representation, xxill.
727; coalfield, VI. 50; sheep, I. 391.
, town, England, Xiv. 424.
, Robert Dudley, earl of, XIV. 425;
in Holland, XII. 77.
, Simon de Montfort, eai-1 of, XVI.
787; XI. 658; xviii. 304.
Leicester's Commonwealth, pam-
phlet by Parsons, xiv. 426.
Leicester Sheep, i. 391 ; improved
by Bakcwell, I. 302.
Leichardt, Ludwig, AiiBtralian ex-
plorer, III. 105.
Leiden (Leyden, g.u.), town, Holland,
XIV. 494.
Leif, or Lief, early Greenland voyager,
I. 706; XI. 171.
Leigh, town, England, xiv. 426.
, Edward. Puritan Biblical critic,
XIV. 426.
Leighton, Sir Frederick, as sculptor,
XXI. 561.
, Robert, bishop of Dunblane, xiv.
427.
Leighton-Buzzard, town, England,
XIV. 429.
25— la
Leinster, early Irish kingdom, XIII.
245.
, province, Ireland, XIII. 215.
, Book of, Irish MS., V. 307, 326.
Leipsic, or Leipzig, town, Germany,
XIV. 429; XXI. 358; book trade at, IV.
40 ; conservatorium of music at, VI.
292; library, XIV. 527, 546; news-
pajwrs, XVII. 428; observatory, XVI I.
713; university, XXIII. 841, 843, 849;
Imttle of (1813), III. 135, 444; IX.
617; XVII. 221; disputation between
Luther and Eck at, xv. 73.
Leisler, Jacob, insurgent leader. New
York, xvil. 455.
Leith, town, Scotland, xiv. 431; popu-
lation, XXI. 528.
Hill, Surrey, England, XXII. 693.
Leitmeritz, town, Bohemia, XI v. 432.
Leitrim, county, Ireland, XIV. 432;
population and representation, XXIII.
727.
Lek, river, Holland, XII. 63; XX. 519.
Lekah Toe, Midrash, xvi. 287.
Lekhs, ancient people, Poland, XIX. 285.
Leki, Caucasian tribes, XIV. 474.
L.E.L. (Letitia Elisabeth London),
English poetess, XIV. 278.
Leland, John (c 1 506-1552), English
antiquary, XIV. 433.
, John (1691-1766), English theo-
logian, XIV. 433.
Leleges, Greek race of people, XIV. 434;
XVI. 53.
Lelewel, Joachim, Polish historian,
XIV. 434; XIX. 304.
L^LIE, George Sand's novel, VII. 509.
Lelli, Camillo de', founder of monastic
order, xvi. 712, 716.
Le Locle, town, Neuchatel, Switzer-
land, XIV. 764; XVII. 361.
Lelv, Sir Peter, English painter, XIV.
434-
Leman, Lake (beneva, j.r.), Switzer-
land, X. 151.
Lemanic Republic, The, xxii. 793.
Le Mans, towii, France, xv. 497.
Lemberg, to^vn, Austria, XIV. 435;
libraries of, XIV. 547; university,
XXIII. 851.
, mountain, Wiirtemlxjrg, XXIV. 699.
Le MerCIER, Jean, French Hebraist,
XI. 601.
Lemming, rodent mammal, xiv. 435 ;
XV. 419.
Lemnos, island, .^ean Sea, Turkey,
XIV. 436; fire festival of, IV. 621.
Lemon, tree and fruit, xiv. 437.
Lemonade, aerated water, i. 184.'
Lemonnier, Pierre Charles, French
astronomer, XIV. 439.
Lemon Peel, Candied, xiv. 438.
Lemosi, Provencal and Catalan lan-
guage, XXII. 347, 363.
Lemoyne de Bienville, Jean Bap-
tiste, founder of New Orleans, xvil.
403-
Lempa, river, San Salvador, Central
America, XXI. 268.
Lemur, Lemurs, group of maoimals,
XIV. 440; XV. 444.
, Flying, insectivorous mammal, xv.
401.
Lemuralia, in Roman festival, XIV.
313-
Lemures, in Roman legend, xiv. 313.
LemuriD/E, family of mammals, xiv '
440; XV. 170.
Lemurine Night Ape, il 154.
Lena, river, Siberia, xxii. 1;; xxiii.
510; XXIV. 726.
Le Nain, Antoine, Louis, and Mathieu,
French painters, xvii. 166.
Lenau (Nicholas Strelileuau), Austrian
poet, X. 546.
Lenclos, Ninon de. Frenchwoman of
society, Xiv. 445.
Lendermenn, Norse rulers, xvii. 585,
589.
Lenfant, Jacques, French ecclesiastical
historian, XIV. 445.
Length, Mensuration of. xvi. i •;; stand-
ards of, XXIV. 483.
Lenkoran, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XIV. 446.
Lennep, town, Germany, XIV. 446.
, Jacob van, Dutch poet and novel-
ist, XIV. 446; XII. 98.
Lenngren, Ajina Mafia, Swedish
poetess, XXII. 756.
Lenno.\cE/E, parasitic plants, xviii.
264
Lennox, Earls of.'regents of Scotland,
XIII. 55S; XXI. 506, 507.
Hills, Scotland, xxii. 553.
Lennoxtown, toTvn, Scotland, xxil.i
554-
Lennoxville, Canada, University at,'
XXIII. 857.
Leno, textile fabric, X. 118.
Lenoir Gas-Engine, xxii. 523.
Lenore. Burger's poem, x. 540; I v.
533-
Le Normant d'EtoilES, French fin-
ancier, XIX. 443.
Lenox Globe, x. 680.
Lenox Library, New York, xiv. 536.
Lens, to^vn, France, xvili. 340; battle
of (1648), IX. 571.
Lenses, in optics, xiv. 593; xvii. 802;
XXIV. 436; convex and concave, XXIII.
139; microscopic, XVI. 258; spectacles,
xxiL 372.
Lent, church festival, xiv, 446; ob-
servance of, IX. 47.
Lenticels, structures in plants, xil. 18.
Lentil, seed and plant, xiv. 447.
Lentini (Leontini), ancient town, Sicily,
XIV. 463.
Lentisk, tree, XV. 621.
Lentium (Linz), Roman station, Austria,
XIV. 679.
Lenz, Heinrich F. E., his theory of
oceanic circulation, iii. 22; his law of
XXV. - ii
258
L E N — L E S
ekctric induction, viil. ii, 76; his
magnetic experiments, XV. 253.
Lenzinite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Leo I., pope, xiv. 448; xix. 491.
• II., pope, XIV. 448.
HI., pope, XIV. 449; XIX. 496; XX.
786.
I\'.- • ii., popes, XIV. 449.
VII I., pope, XIV. 449; XX. 789.
IX., pope, XIV. 449; XIX. 498.
X., pope, XIV. 450; XIII. 481; XV.
787; XX. 324; Michelangelo's works
for, XVI. 233.
XI., pope, XIV. 452; XIX. 505.
XII., pope, XIV, 452; XIX. 5c«.
I., the Great, emperor of the East,
XIV. 452.
II., emperor, xiv. 452.
III., the Isauiaan, emperor, xiv.
452; XI. 114; as iconoclast, xil. 712.
v., the Armenian, emperor, xiv.
453-
VI., the Philosopher, emperor, Xiv.
45S; III. 419.
, Johannes (Leo Afrioanus), Moorish
writer, XIV. 453.
, Leonardo, Italian mnsician, XVii.
93-
DiACONUS, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613.
Leoeen, Austria, Preliminaries of
(1797), IX. 610; XVII. 198.
LeobschUTZ, town, Prussia, XIV. 453.
Leochares, Greek sculptor, XIV. 453.
Leooorium, sacred shrine, Athens, :il. 2.
Leodidm (Li^e), ancient town, Belgium,
XIV. 56S.
Leominster, town, England, xiv. 454.
Leon, Kingdom of, Spain, XXIl. 311.
, pro^^nce, Spain, Xiv. 454; ^iXII.
298; dialect of, xxil. 351.
, town, Spain, xiv. 454.
, town, Mexico, XIV. 455.
, to^™, Nicaragua, Xiv. 455; xvil.
477-
-, Luis Ponce de, or Fray Luia de,
Spanish poet and religious writer,
XIV. 455; XXII. 357,360
, Moses d(j; writer of Book of Zohar,
Xin. 814.
Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathe-
matician, XIX. 124 ; XVII. 626 ;
introducer of algebra into Europe, I.
512.
da Vinci, Italian artist and man
of science and letters, XIV. 455; xill.
508; XXI. 437, 569.
Leonhardite, mineral, xvi. 422.
Leonidaion, building at Olympia,
Greece, XVil. 768.
Leonidas, king of Sparta, xiv. 462.
of Alexandria, Greek poet, xiv.
462.
of Tarentuni, Greek poet, xrv.
462.
Leonides, Boman surgeon, xxn 675.
Leonids, November meteoi3,.xvL iia
Leonists, JJeformers of 12th century,
XX. 321.
Leonora, regent of Portugal, xix.
543-
D'ESTE, friend of Tasso, xxill. 76.
LEONORE, Bitrger's poem, IV. 533; X.
540.
Leontini, to-mi, SicOy, xiv. 463; xxil.
IS. 17.
Leontsus, emperor of the East, xui.
79S.
Leontodonium, principle in taraxa-
cum, xxill. 61.
Leopard, carnivorous mammal, xiv.
463; XV. 435; of India, xil. 741; of
Java, XIII. 603.
, Hunting, or Cheetah, v. 456.
Leopardi, Alessandro, Italian sculptor,
XXI. 568; XXIV. 176.
, Giaconio, Italian poet, xiv. 464;
XIII. 515; his pessimism, xviii. 689.
Leopoi^ I., emperor, XIV. 466; X. 502.
II.,"femperor, XIV. 467.
1., duke of Anhalt-Dessau, XIV.
467.
III., duke of Austria, his war with
Switzerland, XXII. 783, 784.
■ I., king of the Belgians, XIV. 467;
III. 528, 530.
, Prince, of Hohenzollem, IX. 626;
XXII. 346.
, Kail Gustaf, Swedish poet, XXII.
756.
Leopoldine Academy, Vienna, i. 77.
Leopoldst.\dt, part of Pesth, Hun-
gary, XVIII. 691.
, suburb of Vienna, XXIV. 2ig.
Leopoldville, town, on Congo river,
Africa, xxiv. 765.
Leopolis (Lemberg), ancient town,
Austria, xiv. 435.
Le Palais, town, France, xvi. 813.
Lepanto, town, Greece, xiv. 467;
battle of (1571), V. 348; XI. 121; Xlll.
717; XXIII. 644; XXIV. 145.
— ^, Gulf of, Greece, XI.. 82.
LepchaS, Nepalese race, XVI. 341.
L'Ep6e, Abb^ de, on teaching deaf-
mutes, VII. ^.
Lepel, town, Russia, xxrv. 262.
Leper-Houses, xiv. 469.
Lepers, Order for the Succour of, Xiv.
374-
LepidoLITE, mineral, XIV. 697*, XVI.
413-
Lepidomelane, mineral, xvi. 413.
Lepidoptera, order of insects, IV. 592;
XIII, 1 50; mimicry in, XVI. 343.
Lepidosiren, genus of fishes, xrv.
468.
Lepidostoidei, suborder of fishes, Jtn.
687.
LepiduS, M. .ffimUius, Roman trinm-
vir, xiy. 46S; xx. 768.
, M. ^Emilius, Boman consuls, XIV.
468; XIX. 451.
Lepileuuu, genus cf lemurs, XIV. 442.
Lepolite. mineral, xvi. 42a
Lepontii, RhEEtian people, xx. 505.
Lepontine Alps, i. 626.
LEPORlD,iE, family of rodent mammals,
XV. 421.
Le Prese, spa. North Italy, xxiv. 45.
Leprosy, disease, xiv. 46S; xviii. 406;
XXIL 122.
Leptines, Demosthenes's orationagainst,
VII. 69; Wolfs commentai-y on it,
XXIV. 63a
Leptis (Lebda), ancient town, Tripolia,
Africa, xiv. 470.
Leptocardii, subclass of fishes, xii.
695.
Leptoptilus, genus of birds, Xili. 529.
LEPTOSOMtJS, genus of birds, XX. 627.
Leptothrix, genus of Schizomycetes,
XXI. 399.
Lepus, genus of rodent mammals, XI.
476; XX. 192.
Le Puy, town, France, xx. 118.
Lerbachite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Lerida, province, Spain, XIV. 470.
, town, Spain, xiv. 470; university
of, xxiil. 839.
Lerins, islands, France, IV. 807.
Lerma, Duke of, Spanish statesman,
xviii. 746; XXII. 330.
LermontofF, Mikhail Turevitch, Rus-
sian poet and novelist, xiv. 471; xxi.
96, 107.
Le Romain, Pierre Mignard. French
painter, XVI. 289.
Lerou.x, Pierre, French philosopher
and politician, xiv. 471.
Le Roy, Julien David, on the monu-
ments of Athens, II. 444.
Le Roy's Electrical Machine, viii.
lOI.
Lerwick, to^vn, Shetland, Scotland,
XVII. 84S.
Le Sage, Alain Ren^, French novelist
and dramatist, xiv. 472; IX. 666.
Le S.\ge, Georges Louis, on the cause
of gravitation. III. 46.
Les Andelvs, town, France, II. 13.
Lesbia, of CatoUus, v. 248.
LESB10-/E0LIC Dialect, of Greek, xi.
132.
Lesbos, island, iEgean Sea, Asia Minor,
XIV. 474; coins of, XVII. 646.
Lesghians, or Lesghis, Caucasian tribca,
XIV. 474; V. 258.
Leshkoff, Russian historian, xxi. 108.
Lesley, or Leslie, Charles, Irish non-
juror, xiv! 476.
, John, bishop of Ross, Scottish his-
torian and statesman, xiv. 475; xxl
542.
Leslie, Alexander, earl of Leven, Sc-*-
tish general, Xiv. 485; xxi. 512.
., Chai-les, Irish non-juror, Xiv. 476.
, Charles Robert, English painter,
XIV. 476.
, David, Lord Newark, Scottish
general, JCvn. 371; XXJ. 514.
L E S — L E Y
239
Leslie, Sir John, Scottish scientist, xiv.
476; on radiation of lieat, XX. 213;
his explanation of capillary action, v.
57-
, Thomas EdwarJ ClifFe, political
economist, XIV. 477; XIX. 397.
L'Espagnols-sur-Mer, Battle of
(1350), XVII. 2S0.
L'ESPINASSE, Claire Frangoise de, friend
of D'Alcmbert, VI. 775; IX. 668.
Xes Rochers, Mailamc de Siivigne's
country seat, France, XXI. 705; XXI v.
263.
Les Rousses, fort, France, Xlll. 782.
Lesseps, Ferdinand, promoter of Suez
Canal, IV. 790.
Lessinc, Gotthold Sphraim, German
philosopher, XIV. 478; X. 536; on the
theory of art, I., 2 19; his influence on
the German drama, VII. 441; his
fables, VIII. 839; as satirist, XXI. 320.
Lesson, Rend Primevcre, on birds,
XVIII. 13.
Lessonia, genus of Alga;, I. 509.
L'Estrange, Louis Henri, abbot of
La Trappe, XXIII. 524.
■ Sir Roger, English pamphleteer,
XIV. 482; XVIII. 205; surveyor of the
English press, XVII. 414.
Le Sueur, Eustaclre, French painter,
XXII. 619.
LeSUEUR, Jean Francois, French
musical composer, XIV. 4S3.
Leszczvnski, or Lcczynski, Stanislaw,
king of Poland, IX. 585; XVII. 171;
XIX. 297; XXII. 450.
Le T.ai-PIH, Chinese poet, v. 666.
Le Tellier, Michel, French minister
under Louis XIY-, ix. 574.
Lethe, in Greek mythology, xiv.
483-
Lethendv Case, in Church of Scotland,
V. 377-
Lethington, Lord, Scottish lawyer
and poet, XV. 308.
Letitcheff, town, Russia, XIX. 254.
Leto, in Greek mythology (the Roman
Latona), 11. 185; xiv. 345.
, Pomponio, Roman scholar, xx.
806.
Letronne, Jean Antoine, French
archajologist, XIV. 483. "
Letter-Copying Press, xxiv. 414.
Letterkenny, town, Ireland, vn. 362.
Letters, Conveyance of, XIX. 562;
copyright in, vi. 360.
OF Junius, xiii. 775.
TO His Son, Chesterfield's, v.
607.
Lettish Language, Dictionaries of,
VII. 188.
Lettres de Cachet, xiv. 484;
Mirabeau's, XVI. 493.
Lettres de la Montagne, by
Rousseau, xxi. 16.
Lettres Persanes, Montesquieu's,
XVI. 782.
Letts, tribes, Lithuania, xiv. 701, 724;
XXII. 148.
Lettsomite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Lettuce, garden vegetable, XII. 284.
Leuc.^DIA, one of the Ionian Islands,
Greece, xiv. 205; x:xi. 297.
Leucate, lagoon, France, XX. 128.
Leuchtenbergite, mineral, XVI. 414.
Leucippe and Cleitophon, Greek
romance, XX. 636.
Leucippus, Greek nhUosopher, XIV.
4S4.
Leuciscus, genus of fishes, XX. 582;
XXI. 49; XXIV. 552.
Leucite, mineral, X. 22S; XVI. 412.
Leuckart, Karl G. F. Rudolf, on
classification of parasites, XVIII. 261;
on the tapeworm, XXIII. . 50 ; his
zoological classification, XXIV. 809.
LEUCOCVTH.EMIA, disease, XVIII. 376.
Leucocvtosis, disease, XVIII. 376.
Leucoderma, skin disease, xxii. 122.
Leuconaria, tribe of sponges, XXII.
422.
Leucop.\thia, or Albinism, ekin affec-
tion, I. 455.
Leucophane, mineral, xvi. 418.
Leucopyrite, mineral, xvi. 390.
Leucosticte, genus of birds, XIV.
675.
Leuctra, Greece, Battle of (371), VIII.
456; XI. 103.
Leuk, village, Switzerland, XIV. 484;
mineral water of, XVI. 433, 435.
LeuKjEMIA, disease, XVIII. 376.
Leukophibia (Wliitliorn), Roman sta-
tion, Scotland, XVIII. 411; XXIV. 563.
Leupichis, ancestor of Paul us Diaconus,
XVIIL 436.
Leupold, Jacob, inventor of non-con-
densing steam-engine, XXII. 476.
Leuthar, leader of the Alemanni, XVII.
233.
Leuthen, Prussian Silesia, Battle of
(1757), HI. 128.
Leutholf, or Ludolf, Hiob, German
Orient. .:ist, XV. 59.
Leutschau, to^vn, Hungary, XIV. 485.
Leuwarden, or Leeuwarden, toivn,
Holland, XIV. 410.
Leuwenhoek, or Leeuwenhoek (q.v.),
Anthony van, Dutch microscopist,
XIV. 410.
Levadias, disease, in Cape Verd Islands,
V. 51.
Le Vaillant, Francois, on birds, xvill.
8, II.
Levant, countries bordering on Eastern
Mediterranean, II. 703.
Company, xxi. 827.
Sponge, xxii. 423.
Levees, of Mississippi river, XVI. 520.
Levelling, in surveying, xxil. 707;
instrument for, Xxn. 720.
Levels, in mining, xvi. 448.
Leven, Earl of (Alexander Leslie), Scot-
tish general, xiv. 485.
Leventina, valley, Switzerland, xxn.
785; xxiH. 351.
L^veque, Charles, on the beautiful, i.
213, 220.
Lever, Charles, Irish novelist, Xiv.
485.
Balance, hi. 262.
Escapement, of watch, xxiv.
396-
Leverrier, Urbain Joan uoseph,
French astronomer, XIV. 486; his
share in the discovery of the planet
Nepture, II. 813; on the solar parallax,
XVIIL 246.
Levi, of Scripture, son of Jacob, xiv.
4S7; tribe of, XIII. 400.
Leviathan, Hobbes's work, viii. 422;
xiL 35.
Levin, Eahel Antonie, wife of Varn-
hagen von Ense, XXIV. 91.
Levis, town, Canada, xiv. 487; xx.
167.
Levites, of Scripture, XIV. 487; XIII.
418; XIX. 728.
Levitical Cities, of Israel, xiv. 489.
Leviticus, Book of, xviii. 505,
Levulose, or Lffivulose, in chemistry,
IX. 96; xii. 136; xxn. 624.
htvv, Armand, on crystaUographie
symbols, VI. 675.
Levyne, mineral, XVI. 422.
Lew-Chew Islands, North Pacific
Ocean, XIV. 489; xill. 570.
Lewes, to^vn, England, xiv. 490; xxn.
725.
, George Henry, English writer,
XIV. 491; on evolution, viii. 765.
Lewin, Harriet, wife of George Grote,
XL 213, 216.
Lewis, kings of France. See Louis.
-, or The Lews, part of island,
Hebrides, Scotland, XIV. 492; XX. 854.
, Sir George CornewaU, English
writer and statesman, XIV. 492.
. , Matthew Gregory, English writer,
XIV. 493.
, Meriwether, American explorer,
XIV. 494.
, William, English chess-player, v.
601.
Lewiston, town, Maine, IJ.S.ix., xiv.
494-
Lex, in Roman law, XX. 670
Lexell's Comet, il 814.
Lexias, variety of Spanish raisins, XX.
258.
Lexicon, Lexicography, vii. 180.
Technicum, Harris's, XI. 493.
Lexington, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XIV. 494; battle of (1775), xxili.
740.
, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XIV. 494.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., xiv. 494.
Lexiphanes, Lucian's dialogue, XV. 43.
Lexovii, tribe, ancient Gaul, XIV. 693.
Lex Rex, Rutherfurd's work, xxi. 112.
Leyden, town, Holland, xiv. 494; in
260
L E Y — L I F
time of Scaliger, xxi. 364; libraries,
XIV. 531; medical school, XV. 812;
observatory, XVII. 715; university,
xxm. 850.
Levden, John, Scottish poet, XIV. 495.
— — Jar, electrical apparatus, VIII. 5, 6,
7, 34; explained by AUamand, I. 579.
Levland, John, English antiquary,
XIV. 433.
Leyte, island, Philippines, XVIII. 752.
Lhasa, town, Tibet, xiv. 496; popula-
tion, xxiil. 344.
L'HermiNier, F^lix Louis, on birds,
xviii. 21.
Lherzolite, mineral, xvi. 416.
Lhobra, district, Tibet, XXIlI. 341.
L'H6pit.\l, or L'Hospital, Michel de,
chancellor of France, xiv. 503; IX.
560.
Lhota, Bohemia, Synod of (1467), xvi.
811
Lhoyul, district, Tibet, xxm. 340.
Lhuvd, Edw-ard, on Celtic philology, v.
299.
Li, Chinese books of rites and cere-
monies, VI. 263.
Liability, Limited and Unlimited, vi.
222; in partnership, xvill. 330.
Ll.\ Fail, coronation stone, Scotland,
XXI. 51.
Li.\KHOFF, Russian Arctic explorer, xix.
318.
LlARD, Canadian tree, XIX. 512.
Lias, geological system, X. 354.
Liau-Yang, town, China, XIV. 504.
LIBANIUS, Greek sophist, Xiv. 504.
Lib.\NUS, Libanos, or Lebanon, moun-
tains, Syria, XIV. 392; XXI I. 82 1;
xxm. 654.
LlB.\TlONS, Keligious, XXI. 133
LiBAU, town, Russia, XIV. 504.
LiBAVius, Andreas, on chemistry, v. 460.
Libel, in law, xiv. 505.
Libellulid«, family of insects, vii.
3S6.
Liber, Roman deity, xrv. 507.
Libera, Roman deity, xiv. 507.
Liber Albus, of Edward I^ l. 167.
Liberalia, Roman festival, XIV. 50S.
Liber.\lism, ia relation to the Renais-
sance, XX. 394.
Liberal Party, English political party,
XXIV. 540.
Liber de Wintonia, or Domesday
Book, VII. 349.
Liberia, republic. West Africa, xiv. 508;
I. 269.
LIBERIAN Group, of Negroes, XVII. 319.
Liberius, pope, XIV. 509; XIX. 490.
Liber Reg.\lis, English book, vi. 430.
Liber Studiorum, Turner's work,
xxm. 664.
Li BERT ad, town, Nicaragua, Central
America, XVII. 477, 479.
Li berty. Natural, doctrine of the pn ysio-
cr.its,'xix. 360.
OF THE Press, xix. 710.
LiBERUM Veto, Polish statute, XIX.
290, 294.
Libethenite, mineral, xvi. 405.
LIBICI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIV. 6y_
Libourne, town, France, Xiv. 509.
Libra, ancient Roman coin, xvii. 655.
, Roman weight, XXJV. 48S.
Librarian, Office and duties of, xiv.
536, 540.
Libraries, xjv. 509 (with lists, 542);
classification of books in. III. 661;
garrison, of British army, II. 586.
Library Management, xiv. 536.
Libration, Lunar, 11. 8ocx
LiBRi, on artistic bookbinding, IV. 41.
Liburnians, ancient people, on Adriatic
coasts, XIV. 551.
Libya, ancient territory. North Africa,
XIV. 55.1.
Libyan Desert, North Africa, xxi.
150; xxiil 575; oases of, xyn. 695.
Libyan Language, xviii. 778.
Licata, or Alicata, seaport, Sicily, I.
574; XXII.-3I.
Lice, human parasites, xv. 24; xxil.
123-
Licensing Act (1872), on adulterations,
L 167.
Licensing Laws, xiv. 688; xxm. 159;
in relation to Sabbath observance,
XXH. 656.
Liche (Latakia), town, Syria, XIV. 323.
Lichen, XIV. 552. See Lichens.
., fiVin disease, XXII. 122.
Lichenes, or Lichens {q.v.), suborder of
Fungi, IX. 834.
Lichenine, gelatin in lichens, XIV. 558.
Lichens, group of plants, xiv. 552;
XXIV. 128; vegetative organs of, I v.
J07; parasitic forms, XVIII. 266; re-
production in, IV. 162; XX. 423; her-
barium for, XI. 718.
Lichfield, town, England, xiv. 563.
Lich-Gate, in architecture, II. 467.
LiCHTENBERG, principality, Germany,
XIV. 563.
, Georg Christoph, German physicist
and satirist, XIV. 563 ; his dust figures,
in electricity, VIII. 66.
LiCHTENSTEiN, Ulrich von, early Ger-
man TVTiter, X. 525.
Lichterfelde, Prussia, Electric tram-
way at, xxm. 495
LICINIAN Law, Roman, XX. 73S.
LICINIO, Giovanni Antonio, Italian
painter, XIX. 519.
LICINIUS, Roman emperor, XIV. 564; VL
299.
Macer, Roman annalist, XIV. 729.
LiCK Observatory, Mount Hamilton,
California,XJ.S.A., XVII. 715; telescope
in, XXIIL 151.
Liczcowice, town, Russian Poland, xv.
30.
Lida, town, Russia, XXIV. 234.
Liddell, Duncan, Scottish writer on
medicine, XXL 543.
Liddesdale, district, Scotland, XXI. 34.
LiDNER, Bengt, Swedish writer, xxil.
757-
LiDY, or Lida, town, Russia, XXIV. -234.
Lie, -Sophistical problem of the, XVIII.
742.
, Jonas, Norwegian novelist, xvii.;
592.
Liebenerite, mineral, XVI. 425.
LIEBENSTEIN, spa, Germany, XVI. 434.
Lieber, Francis, American publicist,'
XIV. 564.
Lieberkuhn, Glands or crypts 01, iii
anatomy, Vll. 227; XVIL 669.
Lieberkuhni.\, genus of Foraminifera^
IX. 373-
Liebig, Justus, German chemist, xiv.
565; his condenser, VII. 261; his ex-
tract of meat, xix. 707; XXIV. 15; on
fermentatioij, IX. 94 ; on fossil manures,.
I. 348.
Liebigite, mineral, xvi. 399.
Liechtenstein, principality, Geimany,.
XIV. 568.
Lief, or Leif, early Greenland voyager,.
I. 706; XL 171.
Li6ge, town, Belgium, XIV. 568; de-
struction of, by Burgundians, V. 424;.
sculptures in cathedral, XXI. 5641
library, XIV. 531; university. III. 519;
XXIIL 850.
LIEGNITZ, town, Prussia, XIV. .569;.
XXIL 53; battle of (1241), XXII. 52.
LlEMBA, lake, Africa, 1. 248.
Lien, iu law, xiv. 569.
LlERRE, or Lier, town, Belgium, xiv.
570; normal school at. III. 520.
LlESTHAL, town, Switzerland, III. 409;.
XXII. 778.
LlEUTAUD, Joseph, anatomist! 1. 814.
Lieutenant, Naval, his duties, xvii.
293-
LIEVIN, town, France, XVIII. 340.
LlEVRiTE, mineral, XVI. 410.
Life, its distinctive properties. III. 679;.
protoplasmic, xix. 828; of man, I.
843; human, legal divisions of, I. 279;
human, expectation of, Xiv. 859; of
animals, XIX. 10; distribution of, vii.
267; X. 212; duration of, XIV. 857;
theories of, xvin. 843; evolution of the
sum of, vm. 747; geological action of,
X. 289; vegetable, distribution of, VII.
286; X. 212; attributed to fire, IX. 231;
pleasures and pains of, in philosophy,.
XVIII. 690.
ANNUITIES, IL 72.
Assurance, xiii. 168; post-office,.
XIX. 574; tontine system, XXIIL 444.
Lifebelt, xiv. 571.
Lifeboat, xiv. 570; xxi. 803; con-
struction of, XXI. 825.
Life Insurance, xiil 168.
Life-Preserving Dress, for diving„
VIL 297.
Life-Saving Apparatus, on water.
XIV. 570.
L I F— L I N
20)1
LiFFEV, river, Ireland, VII. 495.
Lifts, elevating appaiatus, xiv. 573; for
blast furnaces, XIII. 301; hydraulic,
XII. 520.
LiFU, island. South Pacific, XV. 30.
LiGAMENTUM Denticulatum, lh ana-
tomy, I. 865.
LiGAN, in English law, IX. 342.
LiGER (Loire), river, France, xrv. 806.
Light, xiv. 577; xvii. 798; aberration
of, I. 47; in relation to crystals, XVI.
372; electric, Vlll. 58; in relation to
ether, viii. 569; produced by gas, X.
87; identical mth radiant heat, XI.
577; itsrelation to magnetism, XV. 273;
phosphoresoent, xviii. 813; action of,
in photography, xvill. 821, 835, 837;
its influence on plants, XIX. 55, 58,
62; radiation of, in relation to heat,
XX. 213; reflexion of, by metals, xvi.
64; its action on the retina, vill. 821;
velocity of, II. 797; xxiv. 45S;
parallax determined from its velocity,
xviii. 246; wave theory of, xxiv.
421; zodiacal, xxiv. 796; Newton's
investigations on, XVII. 440; Koemer's
discovery of its velocity, XX. 620;
worship of, by Persians, XVI. 529.
LiGHTFOOT, John, English rabbinical
scholar, XIV. 614.
Lighthouse, xiv. 615.
Lighting, Electric, xiv. 630.
, Gas, X. 87.
, of mines, xvi. 461.
, of railway carriages, XX. 248, 250.
Lightning, its origin, xxiil. 330; its
connexion ^vith the aurora, III. 92;
its relation to electricity, Vlll. 6; death
by, XV. 781.
Conductor, xiv. 633; for light-
houses, XIV. 629; Harris's discoveries,
XI. 494.
Light of Nature, Tucker's work,
XXIII. 603
LiGN Aloes, of Scripture, I. 597.
Lignano, Italy, Battle of (1176), IX.
730.
Lignin-Dynamite, explosive, xvii.
521.
Lignite, mineral, vi. 46; x. 238, 365;
XVI. 429; as fuel, IX. 808.
LiGNON DU NoRD, river, France, xiv.
807.
Lignum Vita;, tree, xi. 230.
LiGNY, Belgium, Battle of (1815), xvii.
224.
LiGOR, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322
Licuest, Pierre Laclede, French settler
in Missouri, U.S.A., XXI. 185.
LigulaT/E, subclass of fern-s, ix. 107.
Liguori, Alfonso Maria de', Roman
theologian, xiv. 634; on the infliction
of torture, XXIII. 464.
Liguorianism, theological school, xiv.
634.
Liguria, ancient district, Italy, xiv .639.
LiGURiAN Bees, hi. 497.
Ligurian Dialect, xiii. 493.
LiGURiANS, ancient Italian people, x.
1 11; xiii. 446; XIV. 639.
LIGUSTRUM, genus of plants, XIX. 764.
LiGVES, or Ligyans (Ligurians), ancient
Italian race, XIII. 446; Xiv. 639.
Lilac, tree, xiv. 640; 11. 320.
LiLBURNE, John, English sectary and
pamphleteer, xiv. 640; xviii. 205.
LiLlENFELD, P. von, German economist,
xix. 394.
Lilienthal, Germany, Observatory at,
XVII. 713.
LiLI Schonemann, friend of Goethe,
X. 727.
LlLlUM, genus of plants, Xiv. 643.
LILIUS, Aloysius, author of the new
style in the calendar, iv. 671.
LiLJA, Goran, Swedish poet, xxii. 754.
Lille, lovm, France, xiv. 641; univer-
sity of, xxiii. 851.
Lillebonne, town, France, xiv. 642.
LlLLlBURLERO, English political ballad,
xxiv. 529.
LiLLJEBORG, Wilhelm, on birds, xviii,
34-
Lilly, or Lylj', John, English ^\Titer,
XV. 103.
, William, English astrologer, XIV.
642.
Lily, plant, xiv. 643; xii. 257.
, Nile, greenhouse plant, XII. 264.
LiLYBiEUM (Marsala), ancient town,
Sicily, XV. 571; XXII. 16.
LiLYE, William, English grammarian,
XIV. 643; VIII. 414.
LlM.\, town, Peru, xiv. 644; xviii. 674;
library of, XIV. 536, 551; observatory,
XVII. 716.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xiv. 645.
Ll.MAGNE, plain, France, XX. 119.
LiMASOL, town, Cyprus, vi. 748.
Ll-M.\-TEU (Matteo Ricci), Jesuit mis-
sionary in China, XX. 537.
LiMAX, genus of MoUusca, xvi. 662;
XXII. 187.
LiMBiRD, John, prompter of cheap litera-
ture, XVIII. 53S
LiMBORCH, Philip van, Dutch theo-
logian, XIV. 645
LiMBOURG, province, Belgium, xiv. 646.
Limbs, Anatomy of the, i. 826: abnor-
mal, XVI. 763, 764; of mammals, xv.
359; of birds, III. 720; in skeleton,
XXII. 116.
LiMBURG, province, Belgium, xiv. 645.
, province, Holland, xiv. 646; dia-
lects of, XV. 1 96.
, town, Prussia, XIV. 646.
LiMBUS, Nepalese race, xvil. 341.
Infantum, Limbus Patrum, xiv.
646.
Lime, mineral, xiv. 647 ; effects of
calcination of, XIII. 296; decomposi-
tion of, into quicklime, XXI. 166; as
manure, I. 350; xv. 509; phosphates
of, XVIIL 819 ; superphospluie i-
manure, I. 348. See also Limestone.
Lime, tree, xiv. 64S ; in United States,
XXllI. 808; culture of, II. 318.
Furnace, ix. S44.
Lime-Juice, xiv. 439; an antidote to
scurvy, vii. 207.
Lime-Light, introducctl by T. Drum-
mond, VII. 480.
Lime-Mica, mineral, xvi. 413.
Limerick, county, Ireland, xiv. 648;
population and representation, XXlll.
727; town, XIV. 649; treaty of (1691),
XIII. 268.
Lime Salt, xviii. 92.
Limes Germani.€, of Tiajau, xxiii.
503.
Limestone, mineral, x. 232, 238; xvi.
397; marble a variety of, XV. 528;
strength of, XXII. 603; caves in, v.
265. See also Lime.
Limicol.«, group of birds, XIV. 129;
XVIII. 45; XIX. 228.
, division of worms, XXIV. 677.
Liming, in bleacliing, ni. 814.
LlMlT.\TlON, Statutes of, .\iv. 650.
Limited Liability Companies, hi
329; VI. 222.
LiMN/EUS, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 660,
662; xxii. 187.
Limnite, mineral, xvi. 388.
LlMNOS, or Lemnos, island, jEgean Sea,
Turkey, xiv. 436.
Limoges, town, France, xiv. 651 ;
population, xxiv. 223; enamelling of,
viii. 1S4.
Limonite, mineral, XVL 388.
LiMONiTic Iron Ores, xiii. 287.
LiMONUM (Poitiers), ancient town.
France, XIX. 282.
LiMOSA, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
820.
, genus of birds, X. 720.
Limousin, Leonard, enamel painter,
VIII. 184
Limpet, moUusc, xvi. 646.
LiMPiA, mountains, Te.xas, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 204.
Limpkin, bird, XX. 223.
Limpopo, river, SoutTi Africa, i. 2J4;
XXIII. 517.
LiMULUS, crustacean, VI. 662.
Limyrus, river, Asia Minor, XV. 93.
LiNACRE, Thomas, English humanist
and physician, Xiv. 652; viii. 414.
Linares, tavm, Spain, xiv. 653.
LiNARITE, mineral, XVl. 402.
LlNCEl, Accademia del, Rome, I. 70
Lincoln, county, England, xiv. 653;
population and representation, xxill.
727; sheep, I. 392.
, to^vn, England, XIV. 656; likeness
of cathedral to that of Clugny, I. 1 5.
, town. South Australia, XXII. 284.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xiv. 65S.
, town, Nebraska, U.S.A., xiv. 658;
xvu. 309.
262
L I N— L I S
Lincoln, towTi, Ehode Island, U.S.A..
XX. 524.
, Abraham, president of the Jnited
States, XIV. 658; XXIII. 772, 779.
College, O.xford, England, xviii.
97-
Sheep, i. 392.
Lincoln's Inn, legal society, London,
24III. 87, 90.
LiNCRUST.\ Walton, material for wall
decoration, XIV. 676.
LiNDAKERiTE, mineral, XVI. 399.
LiNDAU, tovm, Bavaria, XIV. 663.
Linden, or Lime (q.v.), tree, XIV. 648.
Lindenau, Bernhard von, Saxon minis-
ter, XXI. 356.
LiNDiSFARNE, or Holy Island, England,
XII. 105; XVII. 565; foundation of
monastery on, XIII. 250.
Gospels, viii. 382; xvin. 159.
LiNDLEY, John, English botanist, XIV.
663.
-:-, Sir N., on legal partnership,
xviii. 329.
LINDOCOLINA (Lincoln), media; val town,
England, XIV. 657.
LiND's Anemometer, il 24.
Lindsay, town, Ontario. Canada, XVII.
775-
, Lord, his transit of Venus expedi-
tion, XVIII. 248.
Lindsey, division of Lincolnshire.
England, xiv. 655.
. , TheophOus, English theologian,
XIV. 663.
Lindum Colonia (Lincoln), mediaeval
town, England, XIV. 657.
LlNDUSi town, Rhodes, XX. 526.
Line, Eepresentation of a, in geometrical
projection, XIX. 8or.
; Engraving, viii. 440.
. Geometry, Pliicker's invention
of, XIX. 230.
Linen, Bleaching of. III. 820.
Manufactures, xiv. 663 ; in
England, VIII. 232; in Ireland, Xiii.
231; II. 143; III. 513; in Scotland,
vn. 534.
Linen-Paper, xvin. 218.
Linen Trade, at Lille, xiv. 642.
Line of Communication, in war,
XXIV. 350.
Lineus, genus of worms, XVn. 326.
Ling, fish, xiv. 668.
, plant, XI. 589.
, Per Henrik, Swedish poet and
writer on gymnastics, XXII. 757.
Lingard, John, English historian, XIV.
368.
Lingayats Hindu sect, Madras, xv.
185.
LiNGDAN Khan, nlongol ruler, xvi.
743-
LiNGONES, tribe of Gauls, Itaiy Xlll.
446.
LiNGUET, Simon N. H., his Annales
Politiques, xvil. 430.
Linguistics, or Science of Language,
xv-in. 765.
Lingulid^, family of Erachiopoda, iv.
194.
Lingzi-Tang, plateau region. Tibet,
xxiiL 339.
Link Motion, for steam valves, xxil.
503-
Linkoping, to^vn, Sweden, XIV. 668.
LINK.-WORK, in mechanics, XV. 761 ;
kinematics of, xv. 697.
LiNLEY, Mis3,.-vvife of Eichard Brinaiey
Sheridan, XXI. 797.
Linlithgow, county, Scotland, xiv.
669; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxill. 727; to-wn, xiv.
670.
Loch, Scotland, observations on
its temperature, XIV. 220.
LinNvEITE, mineral, VI. 81; XVI. 391.
LiNN/EUS, Carolus, Swedish naturalist,
XIV.67I; XXII. 756; oubirds, XVIII. 5;
on classification and morphology, xvi.
838; on crystals, VI. 67,3; on ichthyo-
logy, XII. 632; his classification of
plants, IV. 79; on reptiles, XX. 434:
his zoological classification, XXIV. 804.
LiNNi, Carl von (Linneeus,}.!;.), Swed-
ish naturalist, XIV. 671.
, Carl von, the Younger, Swedish
naturalist, xiv. 674.
LiNNELL, John, English painter, XIV.
674.
Linnet, bird, xiv. 675.
, Green, bird, XI. 165.
Linoleum, floor-cloth, xiv. 676; vi.
402; IX. 329.
Linos, to^\'n, Mexico, XXIV. 761.
LiNOTA, genus of birds, XIV. 67^.
Linseed, xiv. 676; cake, xvii. 7^9;
adulterations of cake, l. 174; oU, xvil.
744; use of oil in preparing varnish,,
xxjv. 91.
Linth, river, Switzerland, XXII. 776.
LiNTOT Society, London, ix. 781."
Lin-tsze, town, China, xxili. 601.
Linus, saint and martyr, xiv. 678.
, of Greek legend, XIV. 678.
LiNZ, town, Austria, XIV. 678.
Lion, carnivorous mammal, XIV. 679;
XV. 435; of India, XII. 741; of Sene-
gambia, XXI. 662.
LioNARDO (or Leonardo), da Vinci,
Italian artist and man of science and
letters, xiv. 455; xill. 508; xxi. 437,
569.
Lionel, duke of Clarence, xxiv. 752.
Lionne, Hugues de,' French ministo"
imder Louis XIV., IX. 574.
Lip, Cancer in the, XVIII. 382.
LiPALULE, river, Transvaal South
Africa, XXIII. 517.
LiPARl Islands, Mediterraneaa Sea,
XIV. 682; L 182; XV. 820.
LiPARlTE, rock, X. 234.
Lipetsk, town, Eussia, xiv. 6S3; xxiii.
41.
LiPNO, town, Eussian Poland, XIX.
227.
LiPOA, genus of birds, XV. 827
Lipocephala, branch of Mollusca.
XVI. 684.
Lipoma, disease, xvill. 389
LiPOVETS, toiv-D, Eu-ssia, xiv. 69.
Lipoxais, Scythian hero, xxi. 576.
LiPPE, territorv, Germany, Xiv.
683.
, or Lippe-Detmold, principality,
Germany, xiv. 683.
, river, Ehenish Prussia, XX. 20,
519.
LiPPEMUNDE, ancient town, Germany,
XXIV. 502.
Lippershev, Hans, probable . inventor
of the telescope, xxiii. 136.
LippE Springe, spa, Germany, xvi.
433-
LiPPi, FUippino, or Lippino Lippi,
Italianpainter, xiv.685, 459; ix.773;
XV. 606; xxj. 435.
, Fra Filippo, or Lippo Lippi, Italian
painter, xiv. 684; xxi. 434, 435.
, Lorenzo, Italian painter and poet,
XIV. 685.
Lippmann's Capillary. Electro-
meter, VIII. 109, 122.
LIPSIUS, Justus, or Joest Lips, Dutch
humanist, XIV. 685; his Latinity, XIV.
342-
Liqueurs, xiv. 686.
Liquidambar, tree and gum from it,
XIV. 687.
Liquids, definea, vi. 311; xu. 459;
diff'usion in, VII. 216; elasticity of, vn.
801; expansions of, XI. 584; surface-
tension of, V. 59; velocity of sound in,
1. 104.
Liquorice, or Black Sugar, xiv. 687.
Liquor Laws, XIV. 688; xxiii. 195; in
Maine, U.S.A., XV. 299; in relation to
Sabbath observance, XXII. 656.
Liripipes, in mediaeval costume, vi.
469.
Liroconite, mineral, xvi. 407.
Lisbon, town, Portugal, xiv. 6go;
academy of sciences, i. 73; lazaretto,
XX. 154; library, xiv. 532; observa-
tory, XVII. 713; %rine industry, xxi v.
609.
Lisburn, town, Ireland, xiv. 693
Lisdoonv.\rna, sna. Ireland. »^ 802;
XVI. 435.
LisiEUX, towB, France, Xiv. 693.
Lisitchansk, Eussia, Mines of, xv.
60.
LiSKE, Xavier, Polish historian- Xix.
305-
Liskeard, town, Eijgland, xiv. 694.
Lisle, Joseph Kicolas de, French
astronomer, Xiv. 694.
L'ISLE, Eouget de, author of Marseil-
laise Hymn, xiv. 868; XXI. 13-
d' Adam, grand-master of Hospi-
tallers, XXI. 174.
L I S — L L A
263
LiSMORE, town, Ireland, Xiv.694; XXIV.
401.
, island, Scotland, xiv. 694.
, Book of the Dean of, MS. poems,
XIV. 694.
LiSNEG.\RVY (Lisbuin\ town, Ireland,
XIV. 693.
Liso, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344. .
LiSSA, island, Adriatic Sea, XIV. 695;
battle of (1866), xm. 491.
, to-mi, Prussia, XIV. 694.
LissAHORN, moimtain, SUesia, XXII. 53.
LissoFLAGELLATA, subclaso of Protozoa,
XIX. 856.
List, Friedrich, German economist,
XIX. 3S9.
LiST.A, Alberto, Spanish critic, XXII.
361.
iLiSTER, Joseph Jackson, anatomist, 1.
818 ; his antiseptic treatment in
surgery, II. 136; XXII. 678.
LiSTON, John, English comedian, XIV.
695.
5= , Eobert, Scottish surgeon, XI v.
695.
"LlTANG, town, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
LiTANI, or Litany, river. Syria, xiv.
393; XXli. 821.
'Litany, church service, XIV. 695;
English, VIII. 379.
, river, Syria, XIV. 393; XXII. 82!.
Litchfield Observatory, Clinton,
New York, U.S.A., xvii. 715.
(Literature, in relation to philology,
XVIII. 765 ; academies of, r. 73;
societies connected with, XXII. 227.
Lithamceba Discus, species of Proto-
zoa, XIX. 843.
E-ITHArge, ' oxide of lead, XIV. 377;
XVI. 61.
■LiTHGOW, William, Scottisn traveller,
XIV. 696.
LITHIOPHILITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
Lithistida, order of sponges, Xxn.
423.
Lithium, chemical element, xiv. 697;
V, 524.
Mineral Waters, xvi. 436.
Lithofracteur, explosive, xvil. 521;
for blasting, III. 8og.
Lithographic Stone, xvi. 397.
Lithography, xiv. 697; xxiil. 708;
map printing, XXII. 715; photo-print-
ing, XVIII. 833.
Lithomarge, mineral, xvi. 424.
Lithoto.my, in surgery, XXIV. 189; as
prartised by the ancients, XXII. 674.
Lithoxylon, mineral, xvi. 390.
Lithuania, xiv. 702; its incorporation
with Poland, XIX. 288, 291; XXI. 90.
Lithuanian Language, xxii. 148;
dictionaries of, vii. 188.
Lithuanians, European people, xiv.
701; in Russian Poland, Xix. 309.
Litin, town, Eussia, xix. 254.
Litmus, colouring matter, xiv. 703,
559-
Little, Josiah, Library of, Newbury-
port, U.S.A., XVII. 376.
Ease, torture, xxiii. 465.
Falls, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xiv. 703.
Genesis, -Book of, 11. 176.
Go Act (1802), anent lotteries,
XV. II.
Java (Bali), island. Eastern Archi-
pelago, III. 281.
John, of Eobin Hood ballads, XX.
606.
Rock, to-ivn, Arkansas, U.S.A.,
XIV. 703.
Littleton, Thomas de^ English jurist,
XIV. 703.
Littorina, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 651.
Littr£, Paul MaximUien Emile, French
lexicographer, XIV. 705.
Lituolidea, order of Protozoa, xix.
847.
Liturgy, church service, xiv. 706;
English, Vlll. 379; Greek, XI. 159;
Jewish, XV. 292; attempted intro-
duction of, itt Scottish Church, XXI.
511. See also article Missal.
Litu-Slavic Languages, xxn. 148.
LiTUUS, Roman trumpet- XXIII. 593.
Lityerses, of Greek'legeiid, XIV. 678.
Liubatrin, Mount, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Liudprand, or Liutprand, Lombard
king, XIII. 46S; XIV. 8 1 5*
Liu-Kiu (or Lew-Chew) Islands,
North Pacific, XIV. 489.
Liutprand, king of the Lombards,
XIII. 468; XIV. 815.
, Italian chronicler, XIV. 712.
Livadia, Russian imperial residence,
Crimea, VI. 587.
Liver, in anatomy, vii. 229 ; xvii.
674; tropical abscess of, xviii. 395;
acute yellow atrophy of, xviii. 3S6;
in jaundice, XIII. 598; of fishes, xii.
655; of mammals, XV. 363; of reptiles,
XX. 457.
Liver-Fluke, parasitic worm, xxiil.
535-
Liveries, Court of, feudal institution,
XIV. 115.
Liverpool, town, England, xiv. 712;
libraries of, xiv. 521, 543; Mersey
tunnel at, XXIII. 622; newspapers,
xvii. 421; observatory, XVII. 710;
tramways, XXIII. 506; University
CoDege, XXIII. 854; Vymwy water-
works, XXIV. 407.
, town. Nova Scotia, xvii. 603.
, First Earl of, English poUtican,
xiv. 717.
, Second Earl of, English politician,
XIV. 718; VIII. 364; Sir Robert Peel's
relations with, XVIII. 453.
AND Manchester Railway,
England, XX. 224.
Liverworts, group of plants, xiv. 718;
xvii. 66; XXIV. 128; phosphorescence
in, XVIII. 813.
LiVERV, in heraldry, xi. 710; livery
colours, in mediaBval costume, VI.
469.
C0MP.\.NIES, of Londoiy, vi. 223;
XIV. 819.
Livesey, Joseph, English temperance
reformer, xxiii. 159.
Lives of the C.esars, by Suetonius,
xxn. 619.
Lives of the Poets, by Johnson, xiii.
728.
Live Stock, Breeding and rearing of,
I. 384; improvement of, by BakeweU,
I. 302.
LiviA, mother of the emperor Tiberius,
XXIII. 335.
Livingston, Edward, American jurist,
XIV. 719.
, Eobert E., American statesman,
XIV. 720.
Livingstone, Sir Alexander, minister
of James II. of Scotland, XXI. 493.
, David, missionary and explorer in
Africa, Xlv. 720; I. 247; X. 194.
Livius, Titus (Livy, q.v.), Roman his-
torian, XIV. 725.
Andronicus; Eomau poet and
dramatist, XIV. 723; XX. 716.
Livland (Livonia), province, Eussia,
XIV. 723.
LiVNY, town, Eussia, xiv. 723; xvii.
826.
Livonia, provinae, Eussia, xiv. 723;
XXI. 69.
Livorno (Leghorn, j.v.), town, Italy,
XIV. 416.
LiVRET, system of labour hiring, XIV.
173-
LiVY, Eoman historian, xiv. 725; XX.
724; his language and style, Xiv. 335;
representative of the Augustan age,
III. 83; Drakenborch's editioii of, VII.
390.
LIXURI, town, Cephalonia, Greece, V.
344-
Lixus, ancient town, Morocco, Africa,
XV. 637; ruins of, XVI. 834; river,
XV. 637.
Lizard, Lizards, order of reptiles, xiv.
732; classification of, XX. 439, 445;
parasites of, XVIII. 260; Aristotle on,
XX. 432.
Llama, ungulate mammal, xiv. 738; I.
597: IV. 12; XV. 430; relations of
domesticated to ^vild forms, IV. 251.
Llanberis, Lakes of, Wales, v. 119.
Llandaff, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
Llandudno, to^vn, Wales, xiv. 740.
Llanelly, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
Llanganati, mountain, Ecuador, vil,'
645.
Llangollen, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
Llangorse, lake, Wales, IV. 245.
Llanidloes, town, Wales, xvi. 7S9.
Llano Estacado, region. Texas,
U.S.A., XXIII. 203.
Llanquihue, province, Chili, v, 617.
264
L L A — L O G
Llanrwst, Wales, Shaking bridge at,
IV. 332, 333-
Llanthony Abbey, MonmouthsliLie,
England, xvi. 754.
Llona, Niima Pompilio, Peruvian poet,
XVIII. 676.
Llorente, Juan Antonio, Spanish his-
torian, XIV. 741.
Lloyd, Edward, founder of Lloyd's
List, XVII. 415.
Lloyd's, marine association, XIV. 741.
Weekly Newspaper, xvii. 419.
LLUgw, river, Wales, XX. 217.
Llywarch Hen, Welsh poet, V. -317.
Loach, fish, xiv. 741; xii. 692.
Loads, in mechanics, xv. 750.
Lo.\DSTONE, magnetic iron ore, VI. 227;
XIII. 287; XV. 219, 274.
Loam, variety of clay, xvi. 424.
Loan, in Roman law, xx. 693.
Loanda, Sao Paulo de, to\vn, West
Africa, xiv. 742.
Loango, district, West Coast, Africa,
xiv. 742.
LOANGWA, river. East Central Africa,
XXIV. 765.
LOANO, Italy, Battle of (1795), "V.
617.
Loans, Foreign, their effect on com-
merce, VI. 206; national, xvii. 244.
L0BAT.«, group of Actinozoa, I. 132.
LoBECK, Christian August, on the Greek
Mysterie.s, XVII. 124.
LoBEJD, to^vn, Kordofan, Africa, viii.
153-
LOBEIRA, Vasco de, Portuguese novelist,
XIX. 556; his version of Amadis of
Gaul, I. 650; XX. 653.
Lobelia, genus of plants, xiv. 743; xil.
257.
Loblolly Pine, tree, xix. 105.
LOB-NOR, desert. Central Asia, X. 713;
lake, xxill. 638.
LOBO, F. A., Portuguese writer, xix.
558.
, F. R., Portuguese romancer, xix.
557-
, Jeronimo, Portuguese Jesuit mis-
sionary, XIV. 743.
LOBOS, islets, Peru, XVIII. 671.
LOBOSA, class of Protozoa, XIX. S41.
Lobster, crustacean, vi. 635, 657;
fisherie.5, ix. 265.
Lob Worm, annelid, 11. 71.
Local Government, xi. 21.
Locality, Sense of, xxiii. 4S0.
Local Option, temperance movement,
XIV. 688; xxiii. 159.
Locarno, town, Switzerland, xv. 198;
xxiii. 351.
LOCHEE, suburb of Dundee, Scotland,
VII. 536.
LocHLEVEN, lake, Scotland, xiv. 92;
trout of, XXI. 222.
Castle, Scotland, Mary, queen of
Scots, imprisoned in, XV. 599.
, Lochy, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217.
Lock, fastenin;,, xiv. 744.
, of a canal, iv. 782; of a dock, Xl.
466.
Locke, John, English philosopher, xiv.
751; on association of ideas, II. 730;
on the reasonableness of Christianity,
II. 192; his draft of constitution for
North Carolina, U.S.A., XVII. 562;
his economic teachings, XIX. 358; on
education, VII. 674; his ethics, viii.
598; on evolution, vill. 759; his
influence on Kant, XIIL84S; his logic,
XIV. 792; on medicine, XV. Sii; his
metaphysics, xvi. 91; his friendship
with Newton, XVIL 445; on philo-
sophy, XVIII. 794; his view of psy-
chologj', XX. 38; his place in English
literature, viiL 424, 425, 431;
Leibnitz's criticism of, Xiv. 422 ;
Norris's, xvii. 552.
' OCKHArt, John Gibson, Scottish man
of letters, xiv. 762.
Lockjaw, disease, xxiii. 200.
Lock Out, of workmen, xxill. 500.
Lockport, town. New York, U.S.A.,
XIV. 764.
Locle, Le, to^vn, Switzerland, xiv. 764;
XVII. 361.
LoCMARi.'i (Quimper), Roman station,
France, xx. 181.
LocMARiAQUER, France, Menhir at,
xxi. 51
Locomotive Engines, xx. 225, 244;
XXII. 478, 498, 520; Stephenson's
invention, xxil. 537 ; Trevithick's,
XXIII. 554; sheds for, on railways,
XX. 237.
Locomotive Org.\ns, in man, i. 820.
Locomotor Ataxy, disease, 11. 826;
XVIII. 392.
LOCRI, ancient Greek people, XIV. 764.
LOCRIS, Greece, Coins of, XVII. 642.
Locus, geometrical terra, XIV. 764.
Locust, insect, xiv. 765; xi. 60; xiii.
152; in Algeria, I. 563.
Locust-Tree, XIV. 767; in United
States, XXIII. 808.
Loddon, river, England, XXIII. 220.
, river, Victoria, Australia, XXIV.
215.
Lodes, mineral, xvi. 441.
Lodesman, pilot, XIX. 96.
Lodeve, town, France, xiv. 767.
Lodge, Thomas, English dramatist and
poet, XIV. 767; XVIII. 346.
Lodgers' Goods Protection Act,
English, VII. 266.
Lodi, town, Italy, XIV. 768.
LODOICEA, genus of palms, xviil. 191.
Lodomeria, ancient principality,
Russia, x. 26.
LoDORE, Falls of, Cumberland, England,
VI. 699.
Lodz, town, Russian Poland, xiv. 76S;
XXI. 70.
LOE, Thomas, English Quaker, xvili.
492.
LOEBEN, Countess von, wife of the
Comto (Ic Saxe, XXI. 34.
LOECHE LA ViLLE (Lcuk), Village,
Switzerland, XIV. 484; XVI. 433, 435.
Loeche-les-Bains, to\ra. Switzerland,
XIV. 484.
Loegaire, Irish king, xviii. 412.
LOEGRIANS, ancient British tribe, v.
301.
Loess, alluvial deposit, in China, V.
632; in North America, X. 3701 in
Ru.s.sia, XXI. 75.
LoEWY's Equatorial Telescope,
XXIII. 152.
LOFOTEN, or Lofoden, islands, Norway,
XIV. 768; XVII. 576; whiilpools
among, xxiv. 541.
LOFTUS, Adam, Irish archbishop, XIII.
265.
Log, in navigation, XIV. 769; XVII. 264.
Logan, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., XVII.
307-
, town, Utah, U.S.A., XXIV. 20.
, Mount, Canada, XX. 165.
, John, Scottish poet, XIV. 771;
paraphrases and hymns by, XII. 594.
, Robert, of Restalrig, his contract
with Napier, xvii. 183.
Logansport, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
XIV. 772.
Logarithmic Tables, xxiu. 9.
Logarithms, xiv. 772; i. 556; Napier's
invention of, XVII. 178; Briggs's im-
provements on, IV. 343; used in astro-
nomical calculations, 11. 754; in navi-
gation, XVII. 255 ; in trigonometry,
XXIII. 562.
Logau, Friedrich von, German WTiter
X. 531.
LOG-BOOK, Seaman's, xvii. 264.
LOCES, Couvent des. Fiance, XXL 170.
Loggerhead, turtle, xxiii. 458.
Locger-Head Duck, xix. 252.
Logic, xiv. 780; xviii. 795; in relation
to metaphysics, xvi. 94; to psychology,
XX. 78; analysis and synthesis in, I.
796; uses of rhetoric in, XX. 510; its
application to theology, XXL 421;
Boole's system of symbols in, IV. 48;
of CondiUac, VI. 251; De Morgan's
contributions to, vii. 66; Hamilton's,
XL 419; of Hegel, XL 619; Hutche-
son's compendium of, xil. 411; Kant
*on, XIII. 852; Leibnitz's application
of, XIV. 422; Lully's fantastic syst'.m,
XV. 64; of John Stuart Mill, xvi. 312;
of Gilbert de la Porree, X. 592 ;
Ramus's contributions to, .\x. 2(18;
scholastic, XXI. 417; Stoic doctrine of,
XXII. 566; '\\niately's work on, XXIV.
530.
Logistic Logarithms, Tables of,xxiii.
13-
Logistic Numbers, xiv. 777.
Logographeks, ^mt6^s of speeches,
Greek, XX. 509.
Logometria, by Roger Cotes. XVII. 2s6.
L 0 G— L O N
265
Logon, river, Soudan, Africa, XXII.
277,
— — Group, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
Logos, in philosopliy and theology, xiv.
803; XIII. 671; Justin's doctrine of
the, X. 823; Origen's, XIII. 671; xvii.
842; Paul of Samosata's, xill. 671;
XVIII. 4:9; Philo's, X. 823; XVIII.
761; Theodore's, XXIII. 255.
Logotypes, in printing, xxiii. 701.
LoGROiJo, province and town, Spain,
XIV. 805.
LOGROSCINO, Nicolo, Italian musician,
XVII. 94.
LOGTAK, lake, India, xv. 489.
Logwood, dyewood, xi v. 805 ; of British
Honduras, Xll. 133.
Lohardaga, or Lohardugga, district,
India, Xiv. 806.
Lohengrin, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
314-
LOHENSTEIN, Daniel Kasper von,
German dramatist, VII. 440; x. 531.
LOING, river, France, XXI. 624.
Loire, department, France, xiv. 807.
, river, France, XIV. 806; IX. 50&.
, Haute-, department, France, xiv.
807.
Loire - Inf^rieure, department,
France, xiv. 80S.
LoiRET, department, France, xiv. 80S.
Loir-et-Cher, department, France,
XIV. 809.
Loj.\, town, Spain, XIV. 809.
Lokeren, tovcn, Belgium, XIV. Sio.
Lokeyvah, port, on Red Sea, XX. 316.
LOKHVITSA, town, Russia, XIX. 410.
LOKI, in Northern mythology, i. 210;
XVII. 474.
Lokke, J. 0., Norwegian grammarian,
XVII. 592.
LOKMAN, of Arab tradition, xiv. 810;
III. 260.
LOKOJA, toTMi, Soudan, Africa, xxil.
279.
Loligo, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 662,
671; emh}T0 of, XV!. 683."
Lollards, English religious sect, xiv.
810; VIII. 325; XX. 321; favoured by
John of Gaunt, XIV. 256; Oldcastle's
connexion with, XVII. 753; persecu-
tion of, XI. 660 : in Scotland, XXI,
490.
LOLO, Tibetan tribe, XXIII. 344.
LOMAS, coast hills, Peru, xviii. 670.
LoMA Tina, mountain, San Domingo,
XI. 544.
Lombard, Peter, mediaeval theologian
and philosopher, xiv. 813; xxi. 425;
xxiii. 834.
Alps, i. 627.
Lombardic Law, xxi. 216.
Lombardic Writing, xviii. 155.
Lombard League, xiii. 473.
Lombards, people, Italy, xiv. 813;
XX. 783; XIII. 467; cause of their
invasion of Italy, xvii. 234 ; their
settlement in Italy, xvi. 292; Paul
the Deacon's History of, xviii. 436.
Lombardv, province, Italy, xiv. 816;
dialect of, XIIL 493; revolt in ('1S44),
IIL 137.
Poplar, tree, xix. 512.
Lombok, island, Indian Archipelago,
XIV. 816.
L6me, Dupuy de, his navigable balloon,
I. 202.
Lom^nie de Brienne, cardinal and
French minister, IX. 595.
LOMNICKV, Simon, Bohemian poet, xxil.
152.
Lomnitzer Spitze, Tatra mountains,
Austria, III. 116.
Lomond, Ben, mountain, Scotland,
XXII. 553.
, Loch, Scotland, VII. 524; Xiv. 217;
XXII. 553.
Lo.MONOSOFF, Mikhail Vasilievich,
Russian scientist and poet, XIV. 817;
XXI. 106.
LOMZA, government, Russian Poland,
XIV. 817; XIX. 309; town, XIV. 817.
Londinensium, Colonia, ancient town,
Lincolnshire, England, XIV. 655.
Londinium (London), Roman town,
England, XIV. 840.
London, metropolis of England, xiv.
818; abattoirs, 1. 5 ; modern archi-
tecture, II. 452 ; artesian wells, II. 646;
cemeteries, v. 330; DruryLane theatre,
XXIII. 226; Foundling Hospital, IX.
483; Inns of Court, XIII. 87; Jews in,
XIII. 684; King's College, XXIII. 854;
libraries, XIV. 516, 543; livery com-
panies, v^. 223 ; National Gallery,
XXI. 444; newspapers, xvii. 415;
plague in, XIX. 165; police, XIX. 338;
railways, XX. 239; Royal Exchange,
XI. 187; XXII. 556; St Paul's Cathe-
dral, XXIV. 689 ; technical schools,
XXIIL 107 ; Thames tunnel, XXIII.
623; trained bands, XXIV. 293; tram-
ways, XXIIL 506 ; university, Xiv.
835 ; XXIII. 854 ; founding of uni-
versity, IV. 377.
, town, Ontario, Canada, xiv. 8i;i;
XVII. 775.
, Survey of, StoVs work, xxii. 580.
Bridge, Oid, iv. 330.
Clay, in geology, x. 361 ; xvi..
279.
Company, its colonies in America,
XXII. 175; XXIII. 729; XXP'. 260.
Londonderry, county, Ireland, xiv.
?52 ; population and representation,
XXIII. 727.
■-, town, Ireland, XIV. 853; granted
to the citizens of London, XIII. 266.
, island, Tierra del Fuego, South
America, XXIII. 384.
, Second Marquis of (Lord Caslle-
reagh), English politician, XIV. S53.
London Gazette, its establishment,
XVII. 415, 418.
London Lackpenny, Lydgate's poem,
XV. 98.
London Stone, The, xiv. 842.
Long, George, English scholar, XIV.
856.
, Roger, his globe, constructed at
Cambridge, X. 683.
LONGBERG, Christian (Longomontanus),
Danish astronomer, XIV. 866.
LONs Branch, tovm, New Jersey,
U.S.A., XIV. 857.
Longevity, xiv. 857.
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth,
American poet, XIV. 860; I. 731
Longford, county, Ireland, xiv, 863;
population and representation, xxill.
737; town, XIV. 864.
LONGICORNES, group of beetles, vi.
133-
Longimanus, Artaxerxes I., king of
Persia, II. 640; XVIII. 573.
LONGINUS, Greek and Roman critic,
XIV. 864; his Art of Rhetoric, xx.
514.
, Jan Dlugosz, Polish historian. XBX.
300.
Long Island, New York, U.S.A., xiv.
865.
Long Island City, town, New York,
U.S.A., XIV. 866.
Long Isl.\nd Sound, New York,
Demolition of Flood Rock in, xxiit.
622.
Longitude, xxiii. 394. in astronomy,
"• 77'i 793; geograiihical, X. 198;
early methods of reckoning, x. 187;
determination of, X. 171; XXII. 700,
713; determination by lunar distances,
XV. 609; methods of finding, at sea,
IL 751; XVII. 448; in navigation, XVII.
251, 256, 26S, 272; of observatories,
XVII. 710; as known to Ptolemy, XX,
88; English Board of, xvii. 258.
Longitudes, Bureau des, Paris, IL 301 ;
XVIII. 281.
LONGJUMEAU, France, Peace of (1568),
IX. 561.
Long-Legged Plover, bird, xxii.
SSI-
LONG Mynd, hill, England, xxi. 847.
LONGOLIUS, Gyberlus, on birds, XVIII.
3-
Longomontanus, Christian, Danish
astronomer, XIV. 866; xvii. 182.
Long Parliament, English, v. 405;
Cromwell in, VI. 598.
Long-Sight, viii. S20.
Long's Peak, Rocky Jlountains,
U.S.A., XXIII. 796.
LonGSWORD, William, duke of Nor-
mandy, XVII. 540.
Longueville, Duchesse de, Frondist,
XIV. 867; VL 246.
Loncus, Gretk romancer. XIV. 868;
XX. 635.
Longwood, 3t Helena, place of Napa-
laou's death, xxi. 171.
XXV. — 34
266
LON'I, river, India, XX. 260.
LONICERUS, genus of plants, Xll. 140.
LONNROT, Elias, collector of Finiiish
poems, IX. 220.
Lons-le-Saulnier, town, France, Xiv.
868.
LOO, card game, xv. i.
LoocHOO (Lew-Chew) Isl.^nds, North
PaciSc, XIV. 489; XIII. 570.
LOODIANA, or Ludhiana, district, India,
XV. 5S; XX. 109; toft-n, XV. 58.
LOOKING-GLASSES, IX. 849; XVI, 499.
Look Out Mountain, U.S.A., Battle
of (1863), xxiii. 778.
Loom, bird, xv. 2.
, for weaving, xxiv. 464; ancient,
xxiii. 206, 210.
LooMis, Elias, on auroral zones. III.
97; on sun-spots, II. 787.
Loon, or-Loom, bird, xv. 2.
LOOSJES, Adrian, Dutch UTiter, XII.
97-
Loots, Cornells, Dutch writer, Xli. 97.
Lopaduss.a. (Lainpedusa), island, Medi-
terranean, XIV. 249.
Lop'amudra, daughter of Brahma, xiv.
19.
Lope de Rued.\, Spanish dramatist,
VII. 420.
Lope de Vega Carpio, Spanish
dramatist aad poet, x.xiv. 121; vii.
, 420; XXII. 357, 358.
Lopes, Duarte, Portuguese explorer, x.
183.
Lopevi, island. New Hebrides, Pacific,
XVII. 395.
Lopez, Carlos Antonio, Paraguayan
ruler, XV. 2.
, Franciscd , Solanu, Paraguayan
general, XV. 2.
DE Ay.ala, Pedro, Spanish poet,
XXII. 353, 354.
DE Mendoza, ISigo, Spanish poet,
KXii. ^55.
sde Ubeda, Spanish poet, Xxii.
337-
«:0PHI0D0NTID.«, family fii ungulate
mammals, xv. 428.
L0PHI0MYID.«, family of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 418.
LOPHIUS, genus of fishes, IX. 269
Lophobranchii, or Lophobranchs,
order of fishes, xil. 694; xi. 852.
LOPHOPUS, genus of Polyzoa, Xix.*437.
Lophortyx, genus of birds, xx. 147.
LOPHYROPODA, division of Crustacea,
VI. 664.
LOPHYRUS, genus of insects, XXI. 343.
LORA, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
LoRANTHACE^, order of parasitic
plants, XVIII. 265.
LORCA, town, Spain, XV. 3.
Lord, title, xxiii. 417.
— — Advocate, of Scotland, I. 179.
Chamberlain, of the royal house-
hold, England, xxi. 37 ; lord great
chamberlain, England, xxii. 459.
L O N
LOU
Lord CHANCELLOR,or Lord High Chan-
cellors of England, V. 388; XVi 473;
list of lord chancellors,, viil. 368.
Ch.\ncellors, Campbell's Lives
of the, IV. 759.
Chief Justice, English, xiii. 789.
High Admiral, English, i. 154;
special commission of, I. 160.
High Constable, xxii. 459.
OF THE Isles, Scottish title, XI.
607; XIII. 387.
OF the Isles, Scotfs poem, xxi.
549-
OF Misrule, v. 704.
Lords, House of, British, xvili. 310,
461; as court of appeal, 11. 209.
Lord's D.\y, The, xxl 125; xxii. 653.
Lords of Congregation, Scotland,
xxi. 501.
Lords Spiritual, English, xviii. 306,
459. 465-
Lord Steward, of royal household,
England, XXI. 37; lord high steward,
England, XXII. 458.
Lord's Supper, sacrament, vin. 651;
XXI. 131, 139; St Paul's doctrine of,
XVIII. 428. See Eucharist.
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, Italian painter,
xxi! 434.
Lorenzo, St, martyr, xiv. 370.
, Fiorenzo di, Italian painter, XXI.
436.
Marques, Portuguese settlement,
South-East Africa, XV. 3; VII. 40.
LORETO, town, Italy, XV. 3; pilgrimages
to, XIX. 95.
Loria, town, Italy, XIV. 349.
, Rabbenu Shelomoh, Jewish rabbi,
XX. 473.
Loricaria, genus of fishes, XXII. 69.
LORIC.\TA, division of Kotifera, XXI. 8.
LORIENT, town, France, XV. 4.
Lorikeet, bird, xv. 7.
LORIS, genus of lemurs, Xlv. 443.
LORius, genus of birds, xv. 7.
Lorraine, territory, France and Ger-
many, XV. 4 ; formation of ancient
kingdom of, IX. 534; province annexed
to France, X. 502; to Germany (1S71),
IX. 627; X. 513.
, Dukes and Cardinals of, XI. 267.
, Claude of, French painter, v. 814;
XXI. 440.
LOR.Y, bird, XV. 7; xvill. 322; XXIII.
487.
Los Andes, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
Los Angeles, town, California, U.S.A.,
XV. 7.
Lo-Sh.\n, town, China, xiv. 216.
Los Isl.\nds, West Africa, xxi. 661;
xxiL 45.
Lo Sp.igna (Giovanni di Pietro), Italian
painter, xxil. 292.
Lo Sp-\gnoletto ' (Giuseppe Eibcra),
Spanish painter, XX. 532.
Lot, Scripture patriarch, XV. 8.
, cier^rtment, France, XV. 8.
Lot-et-Garonne, department, France,
XV. 8.
LOTHAIR I., emperor, xv. g; ix. 533;
X. 480? at Rome, XX. 787.
, the Saxon, emperor, XV. 9; XXIk
352-'
, or Hlothar, king of the Franks,
IX. 530.
Lothaire, king of Lorraine, XVil. 4S3.
LOTHARINGIA (Lorraine, j.u), XV. 4;
■formation of kingdom of, IX. 534.
Lothario, origin of popular use of the
name, xxi-. 29.
Lothian, district, Scotland, xv. g.
, East, county, Scotland, XI. 361.
, Mid, county, Scotland, vil 656.
, \Vest, county, Scotland, XIY. 663. ;
Lothringen (Lorraine, q.v.\ XV. 4.
LOTTE Buff, friend of Goethe, X. 725. ;
Lotteries, xv. ii; state, ix. 182.
Lottery Loans, National, xvii. 244.
Lotto, Lorenzo, Italian painter, xxi.
436.
Lotus, shrub and water-lily, xv. 12.
Eaters, Libyan tribe, xv.' ii.
Eaters' Island (Jerba), North
Africa, x. 442; XXII. 620.
LOTZ, Johann Friedrich Eusebius, Ger*
man economist, XIX. 387.
LoTZE, Rudolph Hermann, German
philosopher, XV. 12; on evolution,
vin. 768.
Loudon Hill, Scotland, Battle of
(1679), XXL 516.
LouDUN, town, France, XV. 15.
Loughborough, town, England, xv.
15-
, Lordj lord chancellor of England,
XXIV. 475.
LOUGHREA, town, Ireland, X. 56.
LOUHANS, town, France, XJtI. 302.
Louis I., the Pious, emperor, XV. 15;
IX. 533; X. 480.
• II.-IIL, emperors, XV. 16.
I\'., the Child, emparor, XV. 16.
IV. or v., emperor, XV. 16; X.'
4S0, 494; king of Italy, xin, 477;
king of Rome, XX. 799; his defence
of Occam, XVM. 717.
I., king of France (emperor Louis
I.X XV. 15; ix! 533; X. 480.
II., the Stammerer, of France, XV.
17; IX. 535.
III., of France, xv. 17; IX. 535.
IV., lyOutremer, of France, XV.
17; IX. 536; X. 483; xvn. 541
v., Le Faineant, of France, xv. 17;
IX. 536.
: VI., Le Gros, of France, XV. 17;
IX 538.
VII., Le Jeune, of France, xv. 17;
IX. 539; his improvements of Paris,
xviH. 287.
VIIL, Le Lion, of France, XV., 18;
IX. 542.
IX., St, of France, XV. 18; IX.
542; as crusader, vi. 631; in the East,
L 0 U — L U C
267
XXIII. 162; services rendered by him
to Paris, xviii. 288.
LOUIS X., Le Hutin, of France, XV. 18;
IX. 545.
XI., of France, xv. 18; IX. 552;
his relations with the Swiss. XXII.
786.
XII., of France, xv. 18; ix. 554;
his contest with the pope, XX. 324;
his rule in Italy, xiil. 481.
XIII., of France, XV. 18; IX. 566.
XIV., Le Grand, of France, XV.
18; IX. 571; Grand Alliance against,
XXIV. 580; his influence over Charles
IL of England, vni. 349; his schemes
against Germany, X. 502; suppressipn
of the Huguenots by, XII. 339; his
contests mth the emperor Leopold I.,
XIV. 466; his relations to the pope-
dom, XIX. 506; relations with Spain,
XXII. 335.
XV., of France, xv. 18; IX. 585.
XVI., of France, xv. 19 ; IX.
593; defence of, by Malesherbes, XV.
333-
XVII., titular king of France,- xv.
«9-
XVIII., king of France, xv. 19;
IX. 609, 617, 619; XVII. 223; XXIV.
497-
, the German, German king, xv.
17; X. 480.
— (of Hungary), king of Poland, XIX.
288.
, duke of Orleans, XVII. 852.
, St, History of, by JoinviUe, XIII.
734-
, Pierre C. A., French physician,
XV. 816.
Napoleon (Napoleon IIL, q.v.),
emperor of the French, IX. 622; xvii.
226.
Philippe, king of the French, xv.
19; IX. 620; xvii. 853; government
of, XI. 269; his intervention in Spain,
XXII. 345; his relations with Thiers,
xxiii. 303.
Philippe, duke of Orleans, xvii.
853.
Philippe Joseph, of Orleans,
French Revolutionist, XVII. 853.
Louisa, queen of Prussia, XV. 19.
LouiSBOURG, town, Cape Breton, v.
4C.
Louise, of Savoy, mother of Francis I.,
IX. 556.
Louisi.ana, State, U.S.A., xv. 20; ac-
quisition of, by United States, XXIII.
758; French settlements in, IX. 587;
XVII. 403.
Louisville, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XV. 22; artesian well at, 11. 646.
Loul^, town, Portugal, XV. 24.
Loup, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
307.
Loup-Garou, were-wolf, XV. 89.
LOURDES, town, France, XV. 24.
LOUREN50 Marques (Lorenzo Mar-
ques), Portuguese settlement, South-
East Africa, xv. 3.
LOUSAO, Serra da, Portugal, xix. 536.
Louse, insect, xv. 24; xili. 153; as
human parasite, XXII. 123.
LoUTH, coimty, Ireland, XV. 25; popu-
lation and representation, XXlll. 727.
, town, England, XV. 25.
LouvAiN.town, Belgium, XV. 26; library
of, XIV. 531; university, in. 520;
xxiii: 841.
Lou\aERS, town, France, xv. 26.
Louvois, Marquis de, French war
minister, xv. 26; ix. 576; organizer
of French royal army, .11. 600.
Louvre, in architecture, H. 467.
, palace at Paris, xviil. 276, 281,
288, 292; picture gallery in, xxi.
445-
Lovat, Lord, Scottish Jacobite, XV. 27;
XXI. 526.
Love, Plato on, XIX. 200; universal, of
Buddhism, I v. 428 ; in Christian ethics,
VIII. 590.
LOVE-BiRD, XV. 28.
Love Feasts, Early Christian, I. 274;
Methodist, xvi. 188.
Love in a Wood, Wycherley's play,
XXIV. 705.
LOVEJOV, Elijah P., American aboli-
tionist, XXII. 142.
Lovel the Widower, Thackeray's
novel, XXIII. 216.
Lovelace, Francis, English governor
of New York, xvii. 455.
, Richard, English poet, XV. 28. ■
Lover, Samuel, Irish novelist, xv. 29.
OF Lying, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44.
Lover's Melancholy, Ford's drama,
IX. 395-
Love's Labour 's Lost, Shakespeare's
play, XXI. 763.
Loves of the Angels, Moore's poem,
XVI. 8'"7.
Loves ok Clitophon and Leucippe,
Greek romance, I. 95; XX. 636.
Loves of Hysmine and Hysminias,
romance, XX. 636.
Loves of the Plants, E. Darwin's
poem, VI. 830.
Loves of the Triangles, Canning's,
L 513; VI. 830.
LoviNO, Bemardin (Bernardino Luini),
Italian painter, XV. 61.
Low Archipelago, South Pacific,
xxiiL 22, 602.
Low Countries, or Netherlands, xn.
59-
Lowe, Robert, his banking bill, in.
326.
LowEiTE, mineral, xvi. 402.
Lowell, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XV. 29.
, J. Russell, American writer, I. 724,
727, 728, 733.
LoWENTHAL, J., Hungarian chess-player,
V. 602.
Lowes, Loch of the, Scotland, xxi.
638.
Lowestoft, town, England, xv. 30.
Lowicz, town, Russian Poland, xv. 30;
XXIV. 375.
Low Latin, of Middle Ages, xx. 666.
Low-MooR Iron-Works, Yorkshire,
England, XVII. 558.
Lowth, Robert, bishop of London, XV.
30-
Low Water, Tidal, xxiii. 369.
Loxa, or Loja, town, Spain, XIV. 809.
Loxodon, genus of ungulate mammala,
XV. 425.
LoxoDROMic Maps, xv. 518.
LOXOSOMA, genus of Polyzoa., XIX. 438,
439-
Loyalty Islands, South Pacific, xv.
30, 835; XIX. 421.
Loyola, Ignatius de, St, founder of the
Jesuits, XV. 3 1 ; XIII. 652; his relations
with Xavier, xxi v. 716.
Loyson, Hyacinthe (Father Hyacinthe),
XVII. 754.
Lozenge, confection, vl 256.
, in heraldry, xi. 697.
LozfeRE, department, France, XV. 31.
, Mount, Cevennes, France, v. 358.
L. s. D., explained, XVII. 655.
Lu, Annals of, Confucius's, VI. 259, 263.
LUALABA, river, Africa, I. 248.
Luang Prabang, Shan state, Bunnah,
XXI. 773; town, XXL 853.
LuAPULA, I'iver, Central Africa, xxiv.
763.
LUBECK, free city, Germany, xv. 31;
XI. 450; organ at, xvii. 837.
, principality, Germany, XVII. 757.
, Child of (C. H. Heinecken), XI. 628.
Lub6ron, mountains, France, xxiv.
114.
LUBIM, town, Russia, xxiv. 731.
Lublin, town, Russian Poland, xv. 34 ^
diet of (1569), XIX. 291; government,
XIX. 309.
Lubnaig, Loch, Scotland, xviii. 666.
Lubny, town, Russia, xix. 410.
LUBRJCANTS, machine oils, rv. 34;
xviii. 242.
Luc, Andre de, Swiss writer, XXII. 799.
LUCA, (Lucca), ancient town, Italy, xv.
39-
— , Giordano (nicknamed Fa Presto),
Italian painter, x. 606.
DA CORTONA (SignoreUi), Italian
painter, XX 1 1. 50.
LUCAN, Marcus Annaeus, Roman poet,
XV. 36; XX. 726; language and style
of, XIV. 337.
LUCANIA, ancient province, Italy, xv.
37-
LucANiANS, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128, 248.
LucARis, CyrU, Greek Churcn reformer,
XI. 158.
268
L U C — L U N
Lucas of Leyden, Dutch artist, XV. 38.
of Tuy, Spanish chronicler, XXII.
354-
, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle,
XVII. 380.
DE BURGO (Paciolus), his work on
algebra and arithmetic, I. 512; II. 526.
LUCAST.A, Lovelace's poems, XV. 28.
LUCAVAS, or Bahamas, islands. West
Indies, III. 236.
Lucca, province, Italy, XXIII. 670.
, town, Italy, XV. 38; bridge at, IV.
330; contests with Pisa, XIX. 119; its
school of painting, XXI. 433, 442.
, Baths of, Italy, xv. 39; xvi. 433.
Luce Bay, AVigtown, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
LuCENA, to-rni, Spain, xv. 39.
LUCENTUM (Alicante), ancient to^vn,
Spain, I. 574.
LUCERA, town, Italy, xv. 39.
LUCERES, early Roman tribe, XX. 732.
LUCERIA (Lucera), ancient to^vn, Italy,
XV. 39.
LUCERNARI^, order of Hydrozoa, xii.
556.
Lucerne, canton, Switzerland, xv.
40; town, XV. 40; XXII. 783.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XV. 41; XIV.
218; XXII. 777.
, plant, I. 378.
Lucetius, epithet of Jupiter, XIII. 780.
LUCHON, Bagneres de, to^vn, France,
III. 235; mineral water of, xvi. 435.
LUCHSSAPHIR, mineral, XVI. 418.
LuciA, St, of Syracuse, xv. 41.
LUCIAN, Greek satirist, xv. 42; XXI.
319; his allusions to Jesus Christ, XIII.
658; as writer of fiction, XX. 633.
, editor of Septuagint and martyr,
XV. 46.
LUCIC, Hannibal, Ragusan .poet. XXI.
690.
LuciDOR THE Unfortunate (Lars J.
Humerus), Swedish poet, XII. 356;
XXII. 755.
Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, xv. 46.
LUCILIUS, Roman poet and satirist, XV.
46; XX. 718; XXI. 318; his Latinity,
XIV. 332.
Lucioperca, genus of fishes, XVIII. 521 ;
XIX. 89.
LUCIOTRUTTA, genus of fishes, XXI. 221,
224.
Lucius I., pope, xv. 48.
IL, pope, XV. 48; XX. 792.
III., pope, XV. 48.
, or the Ass, treatise ascribed to
Lucian, XIV. 43.
LliCKE, Gottfried Christian Friedrich,
German theologian, XV. 48.
LUCKENWALDE, town, Prussia, XV. 48.
LUCKIMPOOR (Lakhimpur), district,
India, xiv. 224.
LUCKNOW, district, India, XV. 48; town,
XV. 49; xviil. 72; observatory at,
xvn. 716; siege of (1857), xii. 810.
LU90N (Luzon), island, Philippines,
XVIll. 748, 751.
, town, France, XXI v. 138.
LucRETiA Borgia, iv. 53; i. 4S7,
489.
Lucretius (T. Lucretius Carus), Roman
poet, XV. 50; XX. 721; on atoms. III.
37; his Epicurean doctrines, VIII. 476;
on evolution, viii. 757; his language
and style, XIV. 334.
LUCULLITE, mineral, XVI. 397.
LUCULLUS, Lucius Licinius, Roman
consul, XV. 55.
LUCUS AUGUSTI (Lugo), ancient town,
Spain, XV, 61.
tUCY, St, of Syracuse, XV. 41.
, M. de, on the flight of birds and
insects, IX. 316.
, Sir Thomas, of Charlecote, Shake-
speare's connexion with, XXI. 753.
LUD, Ned, leader of the Luddites, XV.
57-
Luddites, English rioters (181 1), xv.
57-
Ludenscheid, town, Westphalia, Prus-
sia, XXiy. 517.
Ludhiana, or Ludiana, district, India,
XV. 58; XX. 109; town, XV. 58.
LUDi Romani, etc., festivals in honour
of Jupiter, XIII. 780.
Ludlamite, mineral, XVi. 404.
Ludlow, town, England, xv. 58; xxi.
648.
, Edmund, Cromwellian general,
XV. 59.
' , Mr, Christian socialist, XXI I. 210.
LuDOLF, duke of Saxony, XXI. 352.
, Hiob, German Orientalist, XV. 59.
LUDOVICO (II Moro), duke of Milan,
XIII. 4S1.
LUDOVISIO, Alcssandro (Pope Gregory
XV.), XI. 178.
Ludtge, on liquid films, V. 58.
LUDWIG. See Louis.
Aloysius, prince of Hoheulohe,
French marshal, XII. 51.
LUDWiGiTE, mineral, xvi. 396.
Ludwigsburg, town, Wiirtemberg, xv.
59; population, xxiv. 701.
Ludwigs-Canal, Bavaria, ill. 451.
LUDWIGSHAFEN, suburb of Mannheim,
Germany, xv. 494.
LUDWIGSLIED, German ballad, X. 522.
LUGA, town, Russia, XXI. 190.
LUGAN, mines, Russia, XV. 60.
Lugano, town, Switzerland, xv. 60;
XXIII. 351.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XV. 60;
XXII. 777.
Lugansk, town, Russia, xv. 60.
LUGANSKY, Kossack(V. I. Dahl), Russian
writer, VI. 762.
LuGDUNUM (Lyons), ancient town,
France, xv. 112.
• B.\tavorum .(Leyden), ancient
town, Holland, xiv. 495.
Luggie, The, Gray's poem, xi. 76.
Lugnaquilla, mountain, Ireland, xni.
215; xxiv. 557.
Lugo, province, Spain, xv. 60; town,'
XV. 61.
LuGOS, town, Hungary, XV. 6r.
Luguet, mountain, France, XX. 1 19.
Luhatschowitz, epa, MorLvia, XVL
435-
LU-HlEN, to^vn, China, XXIII. 607.
LUIKEN, Jan, Dutch writer, XII. 95.
LuiNi, Bernardino, Tta'ian painter, xv.
61.
LuiNO, town, Italy, XV. 198.
Luis, king of Portugal, xix. 554.
-: — DE Leon, Spanish poet and moral-
ist, XIV. 455; XXII. 357, 360.
Luke, St, the Evangelist, xv. 62; author
of ActS) of the Apostles, I. 123.
, Gospel of, X. 789.
of Prague, leader of the Bohemian
Brethren, xvi. 811.
, Sir Samuel, Samuel Butler's con-
nexion with, IV. 588.
Lu-KlANG, river, 'Tibet, XXIII. 341.
LUKIN, Lionel, inventor of the lifeboat,
XIV. 571.
LUKOW, or Lukoff, town, Russian
Poland, XV. 63; XXII. 37.
LUKOVANOFF, town, Russia, xv. 63;
XVII. 501.
LUKUGA, river, Tanganyika, Africa,
XXIII. 45.
LULEA Elf, river, Sweden, XXII. 736.
LULLI, or Lully, Giovanni Battista,
musician, XV. 63; xvn. 87.
Lullitpoor, district, India, xiv. 225.
LuLLY, Giovanni Battista, musician,
XV. 63; xvii. 87.
, Raymond, Spanish devotee, XV.
63; on mnemonics, XVi. 532; his
poems, XXII. 363, 364.
LULONGO, afBuent of the Congo, Africa,
XXIV. 764.
LUMACHELLA, or Lumachello, variety
of marble, XV. 529; XVI. 397.
Lumbago, disease, xv. 65.
Lumbar VertebR/E, Anatomy of the,
I. 821.
Lumber, ix. 404; sawing of, xxi. 345;
trade in Canada, I v. 774; in Michigan,
XVI. 238; of U.S.A., xxilL 811.
LUMBRicoiD, parasitic worm, xxiv.
205.
LUMBRICUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
Luminosity, of flame, ix. 282; of in-
sects, XIII. 143.
Luminous Paint, xiv. eoj.
LUMP-FlSH, XV. 65.
LUMP-SUCKER, fish, XV. 65; XII. 690.
Luna, Alvaro de, .constable of Castile,
XXII. 321.
, Peter de (Pope Benedict XIII.),
in. 558.
Lunacy, xiii. 95; law relating to, xiil.
III.
LUNAR ABERR.\TI0N, XVII. 260.
L U N — L Y N
269
Lunar Caustic, or Nitrate of Silver,
XXII. 71.
Lunar Cycle, iv. 670.
LUNARDI, Vincent, aeronaut, I. 190.
Lunar Nutation, xvii. 260.
Lunar Parallax, xviii. 252.
Lunar Tables, Mayer's, xv. 649
Lunar Theory, xvi. 79S.
Lunar Tides, xSiii. 353, 356, 365,
36S; schedule of, XXIII. 365.
Lunar Year, iv. 668.
Lunar Zodiac, xxiv. 793.
Lunar Zodi.\cal Light, xxiv. 797.
Lunatic Asylums, xiii. no; pauper,
XIX. 477.
Lund, town, Sweden, xv. 65; observa-
tory at, XVII. 714; university, XXIII.
850.
Lundy, Benjamin, American abolitionist,
XXIL 142.
Luneburg, to^i-n, Prussia, XV. 65.
Luneburgite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Lunenburg, to^^-n, Nova Scotia, xviI.
603.
Lunette, in fortification, ix. 437.
LUNiviLLE, town, France, xv. 66; peace
of, III. 132; IX. 613; treaty of (1801),
xvil. 202.
Lung-Plague, cattle disease, xvii. 60.
Lungs, xx. 475; in relation to blood
circulation, XXIV. 102, 108; congestion
of, xviii. 395; emphysema inj Vill.
180; inflammation of, XIX. 249;
tubercle in (phthisis), xviii. 855; of
birds, III. 727; of mammals, XV. 365.
LUNNITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
Lupercalia, Roman festival,, xv. 66;
VIII. 835.
LUPiiE (Lecce), town, Italy, xiv. 397.
Lupine, plant, xv. 66.
LUPUL, Vasilje, voivode of Moldavia,
xxj. 19.
LUPULINA, vegetable alkaloid, xvil. 231.
Lupus, skin disease, xviii. 406; xxil.
121.
LUQUE, town, Paraguay, xviii. 244.
LURAY Cavern, Virginia, U.S.A", xv.
67.
Lure, town, France, XXI. 301*
Lurgan, town, Ireland, XV. 68
LURI, people, Persia, XV, 68.
Luria, or Lurye, Shelomoth, Jewish
rabbi, XX. 473.
LURISTAN, province, Persia, XV. 68.
LUSATIA, district, Germany, XV. 69.
Lusati.^n-Wendish Language, xxii.
"53-
LusHAi Hills, district, India, xv. 09.
LusiAD, Camoens's poem, iv. 749 ;
Mickle's translation of, XVI. 242. _
LusiTANiA, Roman province in Spain,
XIX. 539; XXII. 307.
Lustration, Greek and Roman rite,
XV. 69.
Lustre, of crystals, xvi. 372.
LusTRED Ware, pottery, xix. 62a
Lute, musical instrument, xv. 70
LUTETIA (Paris), ancient town, France,
xviii. 286.
LuTEVA (Lodeve), ancient town, France,
xiv. 767.
LUTF Ali Khan, Persian ruler, xvill.
645.
LuTHER, Martin, German Reformer, XV.
71; X. 497; XX. 325; on the canon,
V. 14; his influence on the Church of
England, vui. 374 ; his Colloquia
Mcnsalia, I. 7S5; hymns by, XIL 585;
his influence on literature, X. 528; his
relations -n-ith Carlstadt, v. 113; -n-ith
Melanchthon, XV. 833; with Spalatin,
XXII. 366.
Lutheran Church, xv. 84; Pietism
in, XIX. S3; service of, XIV. 712.
Lutherans, xv. 84.
Luther Museum, Wittenberg, Ger-
many, xxrv. 625.
LuTKE, Feodor Petrovich, Russian
Arctic explorer, XIX. 319.
Luton, town, England, xv. 86; III. 483;
straw-plaiting at, xxil. 593.
— - Hoo, mansion, Bedfordshire, Eng-
land, Library of. III. 483.
Lutra, genus of carnivorous mammals,
XVIII. 69; xv. 439.
Lutreol.'V, subgenus of carnivorous
mammals, XVI. 474.
LUTRlN.s:, subfamily of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 439.
Lu-TSE-KlANG, river, Tibet, x.xili: 339,
341-
LUTSIN, tpvra, Russia, xxiv. 262.
LUTTERN BURG, Prussia, Battle of ( 1 762),
IIL 129.
LUTZELBURG, or Luxemburg (q.v.),
town, XV. 88.
LUTZEN, Prussia, Battle of (1632), III.
125; XXIV. 329; battleof (1813), XVIL
219.
LUTZK, town, Russia, xv. 86.
Luvu, kingdom, Celebes, v. 289.
Luxembourg, Due de, marshal of
France, xv. 86.
Luxemburg, grand-duchv, Europe,
XV. 87; town, XV. 8!
, province, Belgium, xv. 88.
LUXEUIL, to^vn, France, XXI. 301 ;, mon-
astery of, VI. 167; XVI. 707.
Luxor, town, Egypt, xv. Sgj temple
of, VII. 776.
LUXULLIANITE, rock, XL 49; XIX.
521.
Luxury, Laws against, xxil. 644.
Lu'i'NES, Count of, favourite of Louis
XIII., IX. 567.
LuzAN, Ignacio de, Spanish writer, xxii.
360.
LUZERN (Lucerne), canton and town,
Switzerland, xv. 40.
Luzon, island, Philippines, XVIII. 748,
75'-
LuzoNiTE, miheral, xvi. 390.
LuzzATi (LuigiX i Italian economist,
XIX. 394.
LUZZO, Pietro (Morto da Feltre), ItaUan
painter, IX. 69.
LyCjEUS, mountain, Arcadia, Greece,
XVIL 770.
' ycanthropy, belief in animal trans-
formation, XV. 89; XXI. 135.
LvCAON, mythical king of Arcadia, XV.
92.
, genus of carnivorous mammals.
XV. 439.
Lycaonla, province, Asia Minor, XV.
92.
Lyceium, temple, ancient Athens, ill.
Lychneus, or Lychnites, Parian marble,
XV. 528; XVIII. 319.
Lychnokaie, Egyptian lamp festival,
XIV. 247.
Lycia, district, Asia Minor, XV. 9;;
coins of, XVIL 648.
Lycian Marbles, in British Museum,
IX. 67.
Lycid.\s, Milton's poem, xvi. 326.
Lycodontid^, family of snakes, xxn.
193. 195-
Lycophron, Greek poet, xv. 94 ; i.
499-
Lvcopodiace.b, order of plants, ix.
106; XV. 94; xxiv. 129.
Lycopodium, genus of mosses, XV. 94.
Ly'CORTAS, leader of Achrean League,
XIX. 411.
Lvcos.\, genus of spiders, XXIII. 60
Lvcurgus, Attic orator, xv. 97.
, Athenian ruler, XIX. 130.
, Spartau lawgiver, XV. 95; XI.
93; laws of, XXII. 370.
Lycus, river, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
Lydenburg, Transvaal, Gold diggings
at, XXIII. 518.
Lydgate, John, English monk and
poet, XV. 97; VIII. 412.
Lvdia, district, Asia Minor, XV. 98;
coins of, XVII. 645, 648; wars with
Persia, xvill. 563, 565.
Lydian Stone, mineral, xvi. 389.
Lydus, king of Lydia, xv. 98.
Lyell, Sir Charles, British geologist,
XV. lOI
Ly-gd.\mus, Latin poems of, xxill. 350.
Lying-in Hospitals, xil 302.
Lyly, or Lylie, John, English T^Titer
and dramatist, XV. 103; vil. 429,
VIII. 421; XX. 660.
L\"MINGT0N, to-n-n, England, XV. 105.
Lymph, fluid in vascular system, I. 846,
906.
Lymphatic Glands, Cancer in, xviii.
382.
Lymph-ATICS, Anatomy of, i. 906.
Lymphatic Vessels, of mammals, xv
364; in man, I. 907.
Lymph-Scrotum, disease, xviii. 270.
Lynaker (LinaCTe), Thomas, English
humanist and physician, xiv. 652.
Lyncestis, Plain of, Macedonia, XV.
136.
270
L Y N — M A C
Lynch, Madame, Irish adventuress in
Paraguay, xv. 2.
Lynchburg, to\vii, Virginia, U.S.A.,
XV. lOJ.
Lynch Law, xv. 105.
Lyncurium, precious stone, Xill. 532.
Lyndhurst, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, XV. 106.
LYNDS.'iY, Sir David, early Scottish
•■HTiter, XV. 106; vm. 415.
, Robert, of Pitscottie, Scottish
chronicler, XXI. 542.
Lyne, to-mi, England, xvil. -380.
Lynn, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xv.
109.
Regis, toivn, England, xv. 109.
Lynx,- carnivorous mammal, xv. 109,
435; skins of, IX. 838.
Lyon, Emma (Ladj' Hamilton), friend
of Nelson, XI. 421.
, John, fbunder of Harrow School,
England, XI. 495.
Lyon-King-at-Arms, in Scotland,- XI.
6SS.
Lyonnet, p., Dutch naturalist, xxiv.
806.
Lyons, town, France, xv. no; Ecole
Jlartini^re at, xxill. loS; libraries,
XIV. 526, 545, observatory, XVll. 712;
silk manufacture of, XXII. 65.
, Lord, British admiral, xr . 113.
Lyra, Nicolaus de, mediteval com-
mentator, XV. 113.
Lyraids, meteprs, XVI. in.
Lyra Innocentium, Keble's, xiv. 26.
Lyre, musical instrument, XV. 113;
XXIV. 242 ; Greek names of the strings,
XVII. 78.
Lyre-Bird, XV. 115.
Lyric Poetry, xix. 264; of the Alex-
andrian school, I. 499; of Greece, XI.
139-
Lyrie, bird, xxi. 781.
Lysander, Lacedaemonian leader, XV.
117; XVIII. 576.
Lysias, Attic orator, XV. 117; compared
with Isjeus, XIII. 376.
, regent of Syria, XIII. 422.
Lysicrates, Monument of, at Athens,
11.407,411.
Lysiloma, genus of trees, XXI. 128.
Lysim.\CHUS, Macedonian king, XV.
J19, 142; XVIII. 527; fortifier of
Smyrna, XXII. 1S6.
, tutor of Alexander, I. 4Sa
Lysippus, Greek sculptor, XV. 120; II.
361.
Lysis, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 196.
Lysistrat.\, Aristophanes's play, II. 509.
Lyssacina, order of sponges, xxil. 4S2.
Lystra, town, Asia Minor, xv. 92.
Lyte, Henry Francis, hymn-writer, xv.
120.
Lythe, fish, XIX. 402.
LY'TTELTON, Lord, English statesman
and man of letters, XV. 121; his con-
nexion with Fielding, IX. i^2
Lytton, Edward Buiwer, ivoro, j!,nglish'
writer, XV. 121.
, Ea.r], governor-general of India,
XII. 811.
Lywarch, Cumbrian bard and king, 11.
650.
TVyr the thirteenth letter of the alpha-
^^^9 bet, XV. 124
M.^alstrcev, Norwegian literary move-
ment, XVii. 591.
Maas, or Meuse, river, France, Belgium,
and Holland, XVI. 205; III. 515; XII.
63; XX. 519; improve'ment works in,
XX. 579; at Rotterdam, 'XXI. g.
M.aasarah, quarries, Egypt, VII. 773.
Maastricht, or Maestricht, town,
Holland, XV. 195; IX. 577.
Maba, genus of trees, XXI. 317.
Maeillon, Jean, French historian, XV.
124.
Mabinogion, Welsh romances, v. 321;
VIII. 408.
Mably, Gabriel Eonnot de, French his-
torian, IX. 667.
Mabrian, romance, XX. 653.
Mabuse, Jan Gossart, Flemish painter,
X. 843.
Mac, in Gaelic names, V. 799.
Macabi, islets, Peru, XVIII. 671.
Macacus, genus of apes, II. 151.
Macadam, John Loudon, on road-
making, XX.. 582.
Macalpine, Kenneth, Pictisn King,
XVII. 570; XXI. 477.
Macao, Port , nese settlement, Cliina,
XV. 124.
Mac.\que, ape, 11. 152.
Macaroni, article of food, xv. 125.
, bird, XVIII. 492.
M.ACARONic Poems, Folongo's, ix. 355.
Macarthur, Captain, early settler in
New South Wales, xvil. 411.
Macarthy's Island, West Africa, x.
59-
Macartney, Earl of, English diploma-
tist, XV. 125; his embassy to China.
V. 651.
Macassar, department, Celebes, v. 288.
Macaturing, volcano, Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 749.
Mac.\UL.\Y, Lord, English essayist and
historian, XV. 125; on Junius, XIII.
776; on Penn, xvni. 496.
Macaw, bird, xv. 130.
Macavo (Maceio), town, Brazil, XV.
145-
Macbeth, king of Scotland, xv. 130;
XXI. 480.
, Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764.
MaccaB/EUS, .Judas, Jewish leader,
XIII. 422; XV. 130.
Maccabees, Jewish family, xv. 130;
Jerusalem under the, XIII. 641; coins
of, XVII. 650.
, Books of, XV.- 131; II. 181.
M'Carthy, Sir Cliarles, governor. Cape
Coast, Africa, II. 681.
MacCarthv, Dermot, Irish chief, XIV.
52-
Maccaw, or Macaw, bird, xv. 130.
M'CLELL.iN, George B., American gen-
eral, XXIII. 775, 7S9; his presidential
contest with Lincoln, XIV. 662.
Macclesfield, to\vn, England, xv.
131
M'Clintock, Sir Leopold, Arctic ex-
plorer, XIX. 32 1 ; his search for Frank-
lin, IX. 721.
M'Cluer Inlet, New Guinea, xvii.
386.
M'Clure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier,
Arctic explorer, XV. 1 32; XIX. 321.
M'Crie, Thomas, Scottish religious
historian, XV. 132.
Maccullagh, James, Irish mathema-
tician, XV. 133.
M ACCULLOCH, Horatio, Scottish nainter,
XV. 133.
, John, Scottish geologist, XV. 133.
M'CULLOCH, John Ramsay, Scottisli
political economist, XV. 134; XIX.
377-
Macdonald, Etienne Jacques Joseph
Alexandre, French marshal, XV. 135.
, Flora, Scottish Jacobite, V. 427;
XV. 135.
, Col. J H. A., on military drill,
XXIV. 355.
, Lawrence, Scottish sculptor, XV.
136.
Macdonnel, A., British chess-player,
V. 601.
Macdonough, Tliomas, American
naval officer, XXIII. 760.
Macduff, town, Scotland, III. 311.
Mace, spice, XVII. 666; oil from, XVII.
744-
, Thomas, on psalm-singing, XII.
591-
Macedo, Jos^ A., Portuguese poet, XIX.
557-
Macedonia, country, Europe, xv. 136;
XI. 103; under Alexander, I. 480;
under Demetrius I.-II., vil. 57, 58;
conquest of, by Rome, XX. 753; St
Paul in, XVin. 419; army of, n. 561;
coins, XVII. 640'; modern, opium
culture in, XVII. 789.
MACEDONIAN Empire, xv. 138; xviii.
582.
Macedonicus, Quintus Ca;cilius Metel-
lus, Roman proefor, XVI. 106.
Macedonius, patriarch of Constanti-
nople, XV. 145.
Maceio, tow-n, Brazil, xv. 145..
Macellarius, Leo I., emperor of the
East, XIV. 452.
Macene, volatile oil in mace. XVII.
666.
Macerata, town, Italy, xv. 145.
Maceration, of perfumes, xviii.
M x\ U — M A D
271
Macestus, Eiver, Asia Minor, li. 707;
XVIII. 853.
Macfarquhar, Colin, projector of ist
edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica,
VIII. 200.
Macfergus, Angus, Pi^tish king, xvil.
570; XXI. 476.
MacFlecknoe (Thomas Shadwell),
satirized by Dryden, XXI. 727.
M'GlLL, James, founder of a college at
Montreal, XVI. 794.
Macgillicuddv Reeks, reoimtains,
Ireland, XIH. 215.
Macgillivray, WiUiam, Scottish
naturalist, XV. 145; on American
birds, XVIII. II, 24.
M'Grath, John, Irish chronicler, V. 309.
MacgregOR, Robert (Rbb Roy),
ScottisTi outlaw, XX. 608.
MACHiEROPTBRUS, genus of birds, xv.
455-
Machanidas, tyrant of Sparta, xvill.
790.
Machetes, genus of birds, xxi. 54.
Machiavelli, Bernardo, x Italian
jurist, XV. 146.
, Niccolo, Italian politician and
moralist, XV. 146; as dramatist, \'n.
418; as historian, Xlll. 509.
Machicolations, in architecture, ir.
467; V. 1 98.
MaCHIII, Robert, his landing at Madeira,
XV. 177,
1 Machinery, influence of its use on
wages, XXIV. 312.
Machines, Theory of, xv. 752; purposes
and effects of, XV. 771. '
Machine Tools, xv. 152.
MacHTELAH, Cave of, Palestine, XI. 60S.
Maciejowice, Poland, Battle of (1794),
XXIV. 376.
Macintosh Cloth, xii. 842.
Mack, Alexander, founder of the Duu-
kers, Vll. 543.
M'Kail, Hugh, Scottish Covenanter,
XXI, 516.
Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, Canadian
explorer, XV. 157; XJX. 318.
, Sii- George (the Bloody Mackenzie),
Scottish la^i-yer, XV. 1 58.
, Henry, Scottish writer, XV. 158.
■\Iackerel, fish, XV. 159; fishery, ix.
253-
Mackie, Alexander, his type-setting
machine, xxiii. 701.
Mackintosh, Sir James, Scottish pub-
licist, XV. 160.
Maclaren, Charles, editor of Encyclo-
pedia Britannica, 6th edition, viil.
202
Maclaurin, Colin, Scottish mathema-
tician, xv; i6i.
Maclean, Mrs (Letitia Elisabeth Lan-
don), English poetess, Xiv. 27S.
Maclear, Sir Thomas, his measurement
of arc of meridian, vii. 599; observa-
tions on stellar parallax, xviii. 253.
Macleay, Wmiam Sharpe, on birds,
xviiL 15.
M'Lennan, John. Ferguson, Scottish
anthropologist, XV. 162.
MACLEOD, Norroan, Scottish divine, xv.
163.
Maclise, Daniel, Irish painter, xv.
164.
Maclure, William, American geologist,
XV. 165.
MacMahon, Marie E. P. M., president
of the French republic, IX. 627, 628;
as governor of Algeria, I. 569.
MacMurrough, Dermod, kijig of
Leinster, XIII. 258.
M'Murrough Kavanagh, Irish chief-
tain, xin. 262.
Macnaghten, Sir WiUiam, Murder of,
I. 240.
M'NaOght, Mn, his improvements on
the steam-engine, XXII. 477, 490.
Macnee, Sir Daniel, Scottish painter,
XV. 165.
Macneill, Hectof,- Scottish poet, xv.
165.
M'Neill, Sir John, British envoy to
Persia, XVIII. 650.
Macon, town, France, XV. 166; XXl.
302; wine of, xxiv. 606.
Macon, town, Georgia, U.S.A., xv.
166. .
Maconnais, district, France, XXI. 301.
Magonochie, Captain, on prison dis-
cipline, XIX. 754.
Macpherson, Charles, on the irrigation
of meadows, I. 374.
, James, translator of Ossian, XV.
166; V. 331; IX. 75; X. 13.
M acquarie. Governor, on. convict settle-
ments, XIX. 750.
, Lake, New South Wales, XVII.
40S; river. III. 107.
Macrauchenid.e, family of ungulate
mammals, XV. 428.
Macready, William Charles, " English
tragedian, XV. 167.
Maori, Gulf of, Asia Minor, XV. 93.
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius,
Roman grammarian, XV. 167; his
place in Roman literature, XX. 726.
MacrocystiS, genus of sea-weeds, 1.
509.
Macrodome, in crystallography, xvi.
360.
MagroglosSUS, genus of bats, XV.
410.
Macron yx, genus of birds, XIX. Ii2.
MACROPODID.E, family of marsupial
mammals, XIII. 83S; XV. 382.
Macropus, genus of _ marsupial
mammals, XIII. 838.
Macroscelid^, family of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 402.
M.\CR0SP0RES, in plant development,
XX. 424.
M'Swiney's Gun, cave perforation,
Ireland, vu. J03.
MaCTRA, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
691.
Maculla (Makalla), town, Arabia, xv.
311-
MadadkATTE, dam of Cauvery river,
India, xiv. 19.
Madagascar, island, Indian Ocean, XV.
168; I. 272; birds of, III. 731, 760;
dictionaries of language, vil. 192 ;
reptiles, XX. 468 ; slavery in, XXII.
144; Ellis's mission to, viil. 150.
, History of, Flacourt's, IX. 275.
Madaini, Arab Ijistorian, xxui. 3.
Madalon, mountain, North Borneo,
XXL 123.
Madalonum (Maddaloni), ancient
town, Italy, XV. 176.
Madame, island, Nova Scotia, xvii.
601.
Maddaloni, town, Italy, xv. 176.
, Duke of, in Masaniello'a revolt,
XV. 607.
Madden, Sir Frederic, English palseo-
grapher, XV. 176.
Madder, dye, xv. 176; iv. 687; colour-
ing matter from, I. 577.
M.\deira, islands, Atlantic, xv. 177;
I. 272; wine of, XV. 178; XXIV. 60Q:
adulteration of vrine of, I. 173.
Madeley, town, England, XXI. 848.
Maderna, Carlo, Italian architect, XX.
836.
, Stefano, ' Italian sculptor, XXI.
570.
Madhubani, town, India, XXIII. 407.
Madi, Central-African tribes, XVH.
473-
Madiana (Martinique), island. West
Indies, XV. 586.
Madia Oil, xvii. 744, 746.
Madison, town, Indiana, U.S.A.. xv.
i8i.
-, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., x v. 1 8 r ;
population, xxiv. 617.
, river, ^ AVyoming, U.S.A., xxiv.
737-
, James, president of United States,
XV. 1S2; XXIII. 748, 752, 759.
Madness, mental disease, xill. 95;
attributed to demoniacal possession,
VII. 61.
Madonie, mountains, Sicily, xxil. 29.
Mad Parliament, The (1258), XL 659.
M.iiDRAS, presidency, British India, XV.
184; army of, II. 590.
, to\\Ti, India, XV. 187; rise of, XII.
799; observatory at, XVII. 716: un'-
versity, XXIII. 856.
College, St Andrews, Scotland,
XXI. 158.
MADRAS!, silkworm, XXII. 60.
Madre de Dios Archipelago, Pata-
gonia, xvLii. 352.
Madrid, capital of Spain, XV. 189;
royal academy at, I. 75; library, XIV.
532, 549; newspapers, xviL 431; ob-
servatory. XVII. 713; picture gallery,
272
M A D — M A G
XXI. 446; Eubens'a works at, XXI. 41 j
university, XXIII. 851; collection of
Velazquez's pictures at, XXIV. 133;
treaty of (1526), IX. 556.
Madrid, province, Spain, XV. 189.
Madrigal, in music, xv. 192; x. 677;
XVII. 84.
Madrona, tree of Pacific coast, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 810.
Madura, district, India, xv. 192.
, town, India, XV. 193; siege of
(1763-4), XX. 398; palace of, II.
'396.
, island, Indian Archipelago, XV.
193; XII. 818; XIII. 600; language of,
XIII. 607.
Meander, river, Asia Minor, 11. 708;
XVIII. 853.
M/ECENAs, C. Cilnius, Koman patron of
literature, XV. 194.
Maelmaedog Ua Morgair (St Mal-
achy), arclibisliop of Armagh, XV. 315.
Maelzel's Metronome, xvi. 198.
MjEN ADS, Greek worshippers of Bacchus,
XVII. 839.
MAENHlRS.or Menhlrs,rude stonemonu-
ments, II. 383; XXI. 51; at Camac, v.
118.
M/EONIA, ancient town, Asia Minor,
XV. 98.
Maerlant, Jakoh van, Dutch writer,
XII. 90.
Maese, or Meuse (Maas, q.T.\ river,
France and Netherlands, xvi. 205.
Maestlin, Michael, German scholar,
XIV. 45.
Maestricht, to-\vn, Holland, xv. 195;
siege of (1673), IX. 577.
Maffei, Francesco Scipione, Italian
writer, XV. 196; VII. 417.
, Raphael, his Commentarii Urhani,
VIII. 193.
Mafia, island, Zanzibar, Africa. XXIV.
768.
Mafor, Papuan language, xviil. 231.
Mafra, town, Portugal, XV. 196.
Mafu, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI.
660.
Magadha, kingdom, India, III. 508;
XII. 787.
Magadis, Greek musical instrument,
xvii. 79.
Magalhaes, or Magellan (j.e.), FemSo
de, Portuguese navigator, XV. 197.
Magallanes, province. Chili, v. 617
Magars, Nepalese race, XVII. 341.
Magati, Caesar, Italian surgeon, XXII.
676.
Magazines, periodical literature, xviii.
536.
Magdala, stronghold, Abyssinia, xv.
196; I. 67.
, Palestine, Site of, X. 30.
Magdalena, island. CHulian Pats"T5nia.
xvui. 352.
, river, Coiomoisj ^uth America,
VI. 153.
Magdalen College, Oxford, xviii.
97-
M.\gdalene College, Cambridge, IV.
731-
Magdalen Islands, Canada, xx. 105.
Magdeburg, duchy, Germany, xxi.
359-
, town, Prussia, XV. 196; XX. 16;
XXI. 360; organ in cathedral, XVII.
836; cathedral sciilntures, xxi. 564,
56s.
Magellan, Ferdinand, Portuguese
navigator, xv. 197; xviii. 115; his
discoveries, II. 489; X. 182.
Strait, South America, xv. 198;
XVIII. 116, 352; XXIII. 383; discovered
by Magellan, II. 489; Drake's expedi-
tion through, VII. 39a
Magenta, dye, 11. 48.
, Italy, Battle of (1859), lU. 138; IX.
624; xi.li. 490; XVII. 228.
Maggiore, Lago, lake, Italy and Smt-
zerland, XV. 198; xill. 440; Xiv. 218;
xxn. 777; islands in, iv. 64.
Maghiana, town, India, XV. 198.
Maghil, tovm, Turkey in Asia, IV.
577-
Magi, PCTsian priests, XV. 199; xvill.
564; XXIV. 820; visit of. to Bethlehem,
XIII. 660.
Magic, XV. 199; among prehistoric races,
VIII. 623; punishment for practising,
XXIV. 619; in Lapland, XIV. 307;
John Napier's belief in, xvii. 183;
Virgil's reputation for, in the Middle
Ages, XX. 641.
, White, XV. 207; XIV. 415.
l.hntern, xv. 211.
Mirrors, xvi. 501.
Square, xv. 213.
Magister Sententiarum (Peter
Lombard, q.v.), mediaeva' theologian,
XIV. 813.
M.AGISTRACY, Eoman, xx/738, 771.
Magistrate, administrative officer, XV.
216; XllL 762, 789.
Magliabechi, Ajitonio, Italian biblio-
phile, XV. 217; XIV. 530, 548.
Magna Chart a, of England, v. 432;
VIU. 306, 308; XIII. 714; signing o^
CIV. 287; its effect on parliament,
XVIIL 304.
Magna GR/ECIA, district, ancient Italy,
XI. 30, 95.
Magnanerie, silkworm house, XXIL
58.
Magnecrvstallic Action, xv. 264.
Magnentius, Hrabanus Maurus, xii.
I 326; vin. 191
Magnesia, mineral, XV. 218; as
manure, XV. 509.
AD M^andruM, town, Ionia, Asia
Minor, XV. 217.
AD SiPYLUM, town, Lydia, Asia
Minor, XV. 217, 98, 490; xxiil. 48;
battle of (igo B.C), xx. 753.
Magnesio-FerrITE, mineral, XVL 386.
Magnesite, mineral, XV. 217; xvi.
397-
Magnesium, chemical element, xv.
217; V. 526; as plant food, XIX. 49;
spectrum of, xxii. 376.
Magnet, or Loadstone, xv. 219, 274; in
mariner's compass, vi. 225; vibrations
of, at various heights, I. 199.
Magnetic Carbide, filtering medium,
IX. 168.
Magnetic Iron Ore, xiii. 287; xv.
219, 274.
Magnetic Susceptibilities, Table of,
XV. 267.
Magnetism, xv. 219; xix. 3; in rela-
tion to the aurora, in. 95; effect of, on
the compass, VI. 225; in relation to
electricity7i. 749; viii. 10,66; in iron,
XIII. 278; mechanical power of, XV.
773; in minerals, XVI. 376; assupposed
basis for perpetual motion, xvill. 555;
contributions to the science by .^pi-
nus, I. 183; by Arago, 11. 303; by
Gauss, X. 116; by Gay-Lussac, x. 122;
by Gilbert, X. 592; by Henry, Xi.
675; by J. T. Mayer, xv. 649; by
Plucker, XIX. 229; by Sabine, XXI.
128.
, Animal, XV. 277.
, Terrestrial, XVI. 159; J. T. Mayer*
papers on, XV. 649.
Magnetite, mineral, xvi. 386.
Magnetographs, Self-recording, xvi.
161.
Magnetometer, Differential, xvi. 161 •
unifilar, XV. 23S.
Magnifying Power, iu optics, xxiv.
424; of microscope, xvi. 270.
Magnitudes, Measurement of, xv.
660; XVI. 13.
, Incommensurable, Discovery of,
XX 141.
Magnolia, tree, xv. 283; in U.S.A.,
XXIIL 808.
Magnolite, mineral, XVI. 403.
Magnon, Jean de, his Science Univer-
selle, VIII. 194.
Magnus, king of Sweden, XXII.
745-
, Heinrich Gustav, German chemist,
XV. 283.
, Glaus and Johannes, Swedish
ecclesiastics, XVII. 752.
Barefoot, Norwegian king, xvii.
587.
Clemens Maximus, Eoman em-
peror, XV. 645.
— — Ericsson, king of Sweden, xxii.
746.
LagaB/ETR, Norwegian king, XVIL
588.
Magnus's Green Salt, xix. 192.
Magnusson, Ami, Icelandic scholar,
XV. 284; XII. 6261
Magny, Olivier de, French poet, IX.
651.
MacO, king of Carthage, v. i6o.
M A G — M A I
273
MaGO, Carthaginian general, xv. 284;
V. 161.
Magog, of Scripture, x. 738; xiii.
593-
Magpie, bird, xv. 284; blue, of Spain,
XXII. 297; hunting of, with hawks,
IX. 10.
Magra, river, Italy, xiii. 437.
Magyar Language, xii. 374; xxiv.
Magyar Literature, xii. 375.
Magyars, people of Hungary, XII. 365,
367 ; their invasion of Germany, X.
481, 482, 484; in Italy, XIII. 468.
Mahabaleshwar, station, India, xv.
285.
Mahabharata, Sanskrit epic, xxi.
281; VII. 396.
Mahanadi, or Mahanuddy, river, India,
XV. 285; in. 671; V. 243.
Mah.anand.\, river, India, XV. 327.
Mahanoy City, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XV. 285.
M.\HANUDDY, river. India, xv. 285; in.
671; v. 243.
Maharaja, Indian title, xii. 796.
Maharshal, Jewish rabbi, XX. 473.
Mahaseer, iish, xv. 285.
Mahavansa, Pali chronicle, xviii. 184.
Mahaveli-Ganga, river, Ceylon, v.
360.
Maha-Vira, leader of the Jains, India,
XIII. 543.
Mahazor, or Jlahzor, Jewish cycle
and liturgy, xv. 292.
Mahdi, Mohammedan deliverer or
messiah, xv. 285; XXII. 666.
• (Mohammed E. Mansur), caliph,
XVI. 580.
Mahdiya, town, Tunis, xxiii. 62a
Make, French settlement, India, xv.
285; XXI. 725.
de Labourdonnais, French
governor, Mauritius, xv. 641.
Mahee Countrv, Dahomey, Africa,
VI. 765.
Mahel Balevel, afBuent of Niger,
Africa, xvii. 497.
Mahi, river, India, XX. 260.
Kantha, states, India, XV. 286.
Mahillon, Victor, writer on musical
instruments, XIX. 72.
Mahl-Stick, painter's implement,
XVIII. 137.
Mahmoudieh (or Mahmoodee\'eh)
Canal, Egypt, vii. 709; i. 495.
MahmuD I., Turkish sultan, XXIII.
647.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 648.
of Ghazni, conqueror of India, XV.
286; I. 239; XII. 792; tower of, at
Ghazni, X. 560; his treatment of Fir-
dousi, IX. 225.
• , the Afghan, Invasion of Persia by,
XVIII. 640.
Pasha, Turkish minister, xxiii.
652.
25—13
mahogany, tree, xv. 2S8; ix. 406;
strength of, XXII. 603.
Mahomet, or Mohammed (q.v.), founder
of T.slam, xvi. 545.
AND HIS Successors, Irving's
work, XIII. 373.
Mahomet.anism, or Mohammedanism
iq-v.), religion of Mohammed, xvi. 545.
Mahommed b. Musa, hjs treatise on
algebra, I. 512.
Mahon, or Port Mahon, town, Minorca,
XIX. 531.
Mahony, Francis, Irish song-writer,
XV. 288.
Mahrah, district, Arabia, II. 254.
Mahrattas, race of people, India, XV.
288; rise of, XII. 795, 804; of Berar,
III. 583; war against, XI. 513, 517;
Wellington's part in it, XXI v. 494;
Elphinstone's policy towards them,
VIII. 153.
Mahren (Mora\'ia, q.v.), xvi. 810.
Mahseer, or Mahaseer, fish, xv. 285.
Mahwa Butter, vegetable fat, xvii'.
744, 747-
AL\hzor, Jewish cvcle and liturgy, XV.
292.
Mai, a ngelo, Italian cardinal, xv. 293.
Maia, of Greek mythology, XV. 294.
Maiaiti, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
Pacific, XXIII. 22.
Mai.\no, Benedetto da. Florentine
sculptor, XXI. 560.
, Giovanni, Florentine sculptor,
XXI. 560.
Maidalchin.^, Olympia, her influence
over Pope Innocent X., XIII. 85.
Maid.\n, district, India, xvii. 123.
, town, Syria, vi. 678.
Maiden, Scottish guillotine, XI. 263.
Maidenhead, town, England, xv. 294.
Maiden Paps, hills, Scotland, iv. 647.
M.^id Marian, of the morris dances,
XVI. 846.
Maid of Kent (Elizabeth Barton),
religious euthusiast, III. 404.
Maid of Norway, Princess Margaret,
XV. 537; L 491; XVII. 588; XXI. 486.
Maid of Orleans (Joan of Arc, q.v.),
XIII. 695.
Maids of Honour, at court of Eng-
land, XXI. 37.
Maidstone, town, England, xv. 294.
Maidun Castle, Dorset, England, vii.
372.
Maier, Johann (J. M. von Eck), oppo-
nent of Luther, vii. 641.
Maifeuer, Gcraan custom, xviii. 170.
Maikoff, Apollon >f., Eussian poet,
XXI. 109.
Mail Armour, 11..556.
JVIaill.\rd, Olivier, early French
preacher, IX. 648.
Maille, Claire Clemence de, wife of the
Great Cond^, VI. 245.
Maillotins, Pari.'sian insurgents, v.
410.
M.\illv, Abbe. French musician, xvu.
87.
Mail-Service, xix. 562.
Maim, or Mayhem, in law, xv. 649.
Maimana, province, Afghanistan, I. 243.
Maimansinh, district, India, xv. 294.
Maimbourg, Louis, French historical
ATiter, XV. 295.
Maimonides, Jewish wTiter and phy-
sician, XV. 295, 805.
Main, river, Germany, XX. 519.
, Minaean to^vn, Arabia, xxiv. 740.
Maina, bird, XI. 26.
M.\INE, old province, France, xv. 297.
, river, France, XIV. 806.
, State, U.S.A., XV. 297.
, Sir Henry, on law, xiv. 358, 364.
• DE Biran, Fran5oi3 P. G., French
philosopher, xv. 302; his influence on
Cousin, VI. 522.
Maine-et-Loire, department, France.
XV. 302.
Maine Liquor Law, xv. 299,
M-AINOTES, Greek race, XI. 84.
Mainpuri, district, India, xv. 303;
town, XV. 304.
Maintenon, France, Aqueduct bridge
of, II. 222.
, Marquise de, second wife of Louis
XrV. of France, xv. 304; IX. 578;
wife of Scarron, XXI. 378- her patron-
age of Racine, XX. 208.
Mainz, town, Germany, xv. 305; early
printing at, XXIII. 684; aqueduct, u.
221; libraries, XIV. 547; university,
XXIH. 842, 848.
Maio, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
Mair, or Majori John, Scottish \sTiter,
XV. 310.
Maira Parang, to^-n, India, xviii.
684.
Mairs, race of people, India, II. 310.
M AISON C.\RREE, Roman temple, Ntmes,
France, XVII. 510.
Maistre, Joseph de, Savoyard diplo-
matist and polemical writer, xv. 306.
, XaWer de. Savoyard writer, xv.
307; IX. 672.
Maisur, state, India, xvii. 123.
Maitland, town. New South Wales,
XV. 307.
^, John, duke of Lauderdale, XV.
308.
, Sir Richard, Scottish lawyer and
poet, XV. 308; XXI. 541.
, Sir Thomas, commissioner of
Ionian Islands, XIII. 206.
, William, of Lethington, Scottish
politician, xv. 308, 595; XXI. 502.
Club, The, Scotland, xv. 308.
MaItre, Antoine Le, Port-Royalist,
XIX. 533.
Patelin, French satire, IX. 645.
Maittaire, Michel French scholar, xv.
308.
Maize, or Indian Com, xv. 309; malt
from, IV. 271.
XXV. - 35
274
M A I — M A L
MaizenA, or Com Flour, XV. 310.
Maize Oil, xvii. 744, 746. '
Maize Starch, xxii. 456.
Majella, Monte della, mountain, Italy,
xiii. 437.
Majestatsbrief, grant of equal rights
to Protestants, XVll. 365.
Majesty, title, xxiii. 418.
Majlath, Janos, Ciount, Hungarian
historian and poet, XV. 310.
ftlAjOLicA Ware, xix. 624.
Major, George, on good works, xv. 85.
— — , John, Scottish theological and his-
torical writer, xv. 310; xxi. 541.
Majorca, one of the Balearic Islands,
Spain, III. 277; kingdom of. XVIII.
556.
Majorianus, Julius Valerius, emperor
of the West, XV. 310; XX. 781.
Majority, in law, i. 279; xin. i.
Majuli, island, Assam, India, n. 719.
Makachinga, mountain, Siberia, xv.
547-
Makalakas, African tribe, xv. 588.
Makalla, town, Arabia, xv. 311.
Makamat, Arabic work by Hai'tri, XI.
4S0.
JWakam Ibrahim, sacred place at
Mecca, XV. 673.
Makarievskava Fair, ' Nijni-Nov-
gorod, Russia, XVII. 501, 502.
Makhzan-Ulasrar, i)oem by Nizami,
XVII. 522.
Makin Island, Pacific Ocean, xvi, 257.
Makis, or Lemurs, XIV. 440; XV. 444.
Makkari, Arabic historian, XV. 311.
Mak.0, tovra, Hungary, xv. 311.
Makololos, South-African ti-ibe, XV.
588.
Makong, or Mekong (q.v.\ river, Asia,
XV. 832.
Makow, town, Russia, XI v. 817.
Makrizi, Arabic historian and archaeo-
logist, XV. 311.
Maktesh, quarter of Jerusalem, xiil.
640.
Makua, people. East Africa, xvil. 8.
Makurti, mountain, India, xvii. 509.
Malabar, district, India, xv. 312.
Malabranca, Angelo, Roman senator,
XX. 795.
Malabrigo, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Malacca, or Malay Peninsula, XV. 320;
weights and measures of, xxiv. 490.
, one of the Straits Settlements,
XXII. 586.
— , town, Malay Peniiisula, XV. 312,
323-
, Strait of, xxii. 638.
Malachi, of Scripture, XV. 313.
Malachite, mineral, xv. 314; vi. 347;
XVI. 399.
Malachy, St, archbishop of Armagh,
XV, 315.
, ancient Irish king, xill. 253.
Malacobdella, genus of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
Mal aCOLJTE, mineral, XVI. 416.'
Malacone, mineral, xvi. 424.
Malacoptila, genus of birds, XX. loi.
Maladetta, mountain, Pyrenees, XX.
12;.
Malaga, province, Spain, xv. 315;
town, XV. 316.
MAiAoARASl, river, Africa, xxill. 45.
Malagasy, people of Madagascar, xv.
171.
Language, Dictionaries of, vii.
192.
Malakhoff, Duke of (J. J. A. Pelis-
sier), French general, XVIII. 475.
Malalas, John, Chronicle of, IIL 578.
Malamocco, town, Venice, xxiv.
141.
Malanta, one of the Solomon Islands,
South 'Pacific, XXII. 252.
Malapane, river, Silesia, XXII. 52.
Malapterurus, genus of fishes, XXII.
68.
Malar, Lake, Sweden, xxii. 553, 736.
Malaria, disease, xv. 316; xviii. 394.
Malaspin.\, mountain, Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 748.
Malatesta, ruling famUy of Rimini,
Italy, XX. 556.
DEI Malatesti, Roman senator,
XX. 804.
Malatia, or Malatiyah, town, Asia
Minor, XV. 320; opium of, xvil. 789.
Malavikagnimitra, Sanskrit drama,
XIII. 829.
Malavolti, Orlando, Sienele historian,
XXII. 43.
Malavalma, dialect of Tamil language,
XXIII. 42; dictionaries of, VII. 191.
Malayan Fowls, xix. 645.
Malay Archipelago, Asia, n. 6S7;
xii. 815.
Malay Language, xv. 325; diction-
aries of, VII. 191.
Malay Literature, xv. 325.
Malay Peninsula, Asia, xv. 320;
birds of. III. 763.
Malay - Polynesian Language,
XVIII. 779.
Malays, race of people, South-Eiist
Asia, XV. 323; II. 697; XII. 817; in
Borneo, iv. 58; religions of, xx. 364.
Malbaie, town, Canada, XX. 167.
Malberg Glosses, on the Salic law,
XXL 213.
Malcolm I.-IL, kings of Scotland,
XXI. 479.
III., Canmore, of Scotland, XXi.
480; does homage to William I. of
England, XXIV. 576, 577.
IV., the Maiden, of Scotland, XXI.
483-
, Sir John, Indian administrator,
XV. 326; British envoy to Persia,
XVIII. 647.
Malczewski, Anton, Polish poet, xix.
304-
Maldah. district, India, xv. 327.
Malden, town, Massachnsetts, U.S.A.,
XV. 327.
Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean, xv.
327-
MaLDON, town, England, XV. 332.
Maldonado, town, Uruguay, XXIV-
«S-
Maldonite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Male, atoU and town, Maldive Islands,
XV. 331.
Malebranche, Nicolas, French philo-
sopher, XV. 332; his develoiHnent of
Cartesianism, v. 148; his influence on
French literature, IX. 661; Korris's
indebtedness to, XVII. 552.
Malecki, Anton, Polish ^?riter, xix.
305-
Maler Kotla, state, India, xv. 332.
Malesherbes, Chretien Guillaume de
Lamoignon de, French la(iryer and
politician, XV. 333.
Malespini, Ricardano, Italian writer,
XIII. 501.
Malevka, toivn, Russia, xxiii. 605.
MALFpRM.\TiONS, Animal, xvi. 762.
Malherbe, Francois de, French poet
and critic, XV. 333; IX. 656; XX. 842.
Mali, town, Mandingo, Africa, XV.
475-
Malice, in law, xiv. 506; aforethought,
xvil 52.
Malignant Fever, ix. 126.
Malignant Pustule, xxiv. 663.
Malik b. Anas, Moslem jurisconsult,
XVI. 594.
Malikite, Mo'slem sect, xvi. 593; xxil.
661.
Malik Shah, Seljuk ruler, xvi. 5S8;
XXI. 635; calendar of, xvil. 771.
M ALi nch e. Sierra de, mountains, Mexico,
XXIII. 422.
Malindang, mountain, Philippine
Islands, xvill. 748.
Malines (Mechlin), town, Belgium, Xv.
774; XIV. 18S; XXIV. 62.
Malinkes, or MandLngocs(3.t!.), African
tribe, XV. 475.
Malintzi, or JIalinche, Sierrade, nioun-
"* tains, Mexico, XXIII. 422.
Malkite Version, of the Gospels, xxii.
826.
Mall, or Paillo-Maille, game, vi. 608.
Mallanvvan, town, India, XV. 334.
Mallard, bird, vii. 505.
Mallardite, mineral, XVI. 401.
Malleable Iron and Steel, xiii.
281, 327.
Mallee-Bird, XV. S27.
Mallemuck, bird, xv. 334.
Mallet, Paul Henri, Swiss ^vriter, XV.
335; XXII. 799.
DU Pan, Jacques, French journal-
ist, XVII. 424.
Malleus H/ERETICORUM (Johann
Faber), French theologian, VIII. 835.
M ALLICOLO, island, New Hebrides, xvii.
395-
M A L — M A N
275
Mallophaga, group of injects, xni.
153; XV. 24.
Mallorca, or Majorca, one of the
Balearic Islands, Spain, III. 277.
Mallotus, genus of plants, XIII, 831.
, genus of fishes, XXI. 221, 224.
Mallow, plant, xv. 335.
, town, Ireland, xv. 335.
Malmesbury, town, England, xv. 335;
parliamentary representation, xxiv.
594-
, Earl of, English diplomatist, xv.
336-
, Willialn of, English historical
■BTiter, XV. 336.
Malming, in brickmaking, IV. 280.
Malmo, tomi, Sweden, XV. 337; XXH.
742.
, island, Sweden, XXII. 737.
JIalmohus, county, Sweden, xxii.
741.
Malmsey Wine, xv. 178, 346.
Malmyzh, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
Malnad, district, India, xvii. 123; xxi.
803.
Malorusses, BuBsian race, XXI. 79.
Malory, Sir Thomas, compiler of Morte
Darthur, XV. 337; X. 173.
Malosmadulu, one of Maldive Islands,
XV. 331.
Malo-Tymovsk, town, Saghalin, Asia,
XXI. 147.
Malou, La, spa, France, xvi. 434, 435.
Malpighi, MarceUo, Italian anatomist
and microscopist, XV. 337; I. 812;
his contributions to microscopical ana-
tomy, XXIV. 815 ; to embryology,^
VIII. 164 ; on biological metamor-
phosis, VIII. 744.
Malplaquet, France, Battle of (1709),
III. 126; IX. 5S2; XV. 555.
MALST.\TT-BuRBACH,town, Prusia,xv.
338.
Malstrom, whirlpool, Norway, xiv.
769; XXIV. 540.
Malt, xv. 338; adulterations of, I. 173;
for brewing, iv. 266.
Malta, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339, 820 ; establishment of Knights
Hospitallers in, XXI. 174; dockyard,
VII. 318 ; weights and measures of,
XXIV. 49a
Malte-Brun, Conrad, geographer, xv.
343-
Malthazite, taineral, xvi. 424.
Malthus, Thomas Robert, English
economist, XV. 343; XIX. 371.
Maltin, ferment in barley, XV. 339.
Malton, town, England, xv. 345.
Maltose, variety of sugar, xv. 338;
XXII. 624.
MaLtsoff's Work, industrial colony,
Orel, Russia, xvil. 826.
Maltzan, Heinrich K. K H., Baron,
German traTeller, XV. 345
Malum Egypti.^cum, disease, vn.
Malus, Etienne Louis, French physi-
cist, XV. 345.
Malvasia, town, Greece, xv. 346.
Malvern, town, England, xv. 346;
encaustic tiles at, Vlli. 187.
Hills, England, xxiv. 665.
MaLwa, province, India, XV. 346; opium
cultivation at, XVII. 789.
Malwan; to^vn, India, XX. 292.
Maly', Jakub, Bohemian writer, XXII.
153-
M.\MADUISH, town, Russia, XIV. 20.
Mamaliga, maize porridge, of Rou-.
mania, xvin. 476; XXI. 15.
Mamaluco, issue of white and Indian,
XVIL 319.
Mame, people. Central America, xxiv.
760.
Mameluke Beys and Sultans,
Egj-pt, XV. 346; VII. 756; massacre of
beys, VII. 762, 764; defeat of, by the
Turks, XXIII. 643.
Mamers, tovm, France, XXI. 314.
Mamertine Prison, Rome, xx. 814.
M.\milius, Octavius, chief of Tusculum,
XXIIL 671.
Mamilla, pool, Jerusalem, xiii. 638.
Mamisson, pass, Caucasus, Russia, v.
253.
Mamma, Cancer in the, xvin. 381, 383.
Mammalia, division of animal king-
dom, XV. 347 (index, 446) ; olfactory
organs of, XXII. 166; organs of touch,
XXJII. 479; skeleton, XXII. 106; taxi-
dermy, XXIII. 90; of North America,
I. 6S4 ; in Lankester's classification,
XXIV. 812; works on development of,
VII!. 166.
Mammary Glands, xv. 368; xvi. 302.
MammiLLAria, group of Cactaceaj, iv.
625.
M.AMMOTH, extinct ungulate Tna.TtiTnal,
XV. 447, 425; tusks of, XIII. 522.
Cave, Kentucky, U.S.A., xv. 448;
XIV. 43^; fish of, XII. 693.
Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park,
U.S.A., XXIV. 737.
Spring, Arkansas, U.S.A., IL 540.
M.\M Soul, mountain, Scotland, XX.
854.
Mamun, or Al-Mamun, caliph, I. 589;
XVL 582.
Mamura, toivn, Morocco, xvL 831.
Mamurat-el-Aziz (Kharput), town,
Armenia, XIV. 57.
Mamurius Veturius (Mars), Roman
divinity, XV. 570.
Man, II. 107; his zoological position,
XV. 444; creation of, I. 136; myths of
the origin of, in. 141; xvn. 157;
acclimatization, of, l. 88; antiquity of,
in America, I. 691; in geology, X.
291, 368; in historic times, II. 342;
longevity of, XIV. 858; parasites of,
xvin. 260; prehistoric, II. 333, 341;
Philo's doctrine of, XVIII. 762.
— -, Archetypal, of Kabbila, xin. 811.
Man, Isle of, Irish Sea, XV. 450;
fisheries of, IX. 264; language, V. 298.
Mana, Syriac writer, XXII. 83a
Manaar, Gulf of, Ceylon, v. 359.
Manacor, town, Majorca, Spain, XV.
454-
Manacus, genus of birds, XV. 455.
Manado, residency, Celebes, V. 289.
Managua, town, Nicaragua, Cent
America, XV. 454; xvn. 477; lake,
xvn. 477.
Manakin, bird, xv. 455.
Manantadi, or Manantoddy, town,-
India, XV. 455.
Manasarowar, lake, Tibet, xxili. 340.
Manassas, U.S.A., Battle of (1861),
xxin. 775.
Manasseh, king of Judah, xill. 415.
, priest of Samaria, XIII. 419.
, Tribe of, XV. 455; xill. 401, 749.
Manasses, Prayer of, apocryphal book,
II. 181.
Manatee, sirenian mammal, XV. 456,
390-
Makbhum, disfoict, India, XV. 458.
Mange's Method, of determining
electric battery resistance, VIIL 5a
ManchA, La, district, Spain, xv. 458.
Manchar, lake, India, iv. 22.
Manche, department, France, XV. 458.
Manchester, town, England, xv. 459;
libraries of, XIV. "521, 544; news-
pipers, XVII. 422; Victoria University,
XXIII. 854; waterworks, n. 224.
; town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xv.
465.
, town. New Hampshire^ U.S.A.,
XV. 465; XVIL 392.
Unity, of Oddfellows, IX. 782;
XVII. 723.
Manchows, or Manchus (j.b.X Mon-
golian people, XV. 467.
Manchuria, territory. East Asia, xv.
465; II. 686.
Manchus, Mongolian people, xv. 467;
XVI. 744 ; XXIII. 608 ; invasion of
China by, V. 467.
Mancini, Hortense, friend of Saint-
Evremond, XXL 168.
Mancipation, in Roman law, xx. 676,
689.
Manco, Ynca emperor of Peru, xvin.
677.
Capac, mythical Peruvian hero, 1.
69S.
MANDiEAN Language, xxi. 649.
MANDiEANS, Oriental sect, XV. 467;
XXI. 128.
M.andalay, town,' Burmah, xv. 470.
Mandal Elv, river, Norway, XX'II.
575-
M.andamus, Writ of, in law, xv. 471,
Mandarin, Chinese official, v. 667.
M.and.ate, or Mandatum, in law, xv,
471.
Mandeville, Bernard de, moralist, xv,
472; his ethical teacJuLg, viii. 6c».
276
M A N — M A N
MandevillE, Jehan ae, or Sir John,
writer of travels, XV. 473; XVII. 728.
Mandhar, kingdom, Celebes, V. 290.
Mandi, state, Punjab, India, XV. 475.
Mandingan Group, of Negroes, xvil.
319-
Mandingoes, African people, xv. 475;
I. 263; XXL 662; XXII. 278.
Mandla, district, India, xv. 476.
MandOLA, Italian lute, XV. 70.
Mandoline, Italiiin lute, xv. 70.
Mandragola, MacliiaveUi's coniedy,
XV. 151.
Mandragora, genus of plants, xv.
476; use of, as an ansesthetic, I. 789.
M.vndrake, plant, xv. 476.
Man-Dram, pickle, v. 280.
M-ANDRILL, baboon, xv. 476.
M.4NDURAH, town. Western Australia,
xxiv. 508.
Manduria, town, Italy, XV. 477.
Manegrs, Tungus tribe, Siberia,
XXIII. 608.
Man-Engines, in mines, xvi. 462.
Manes, in Eoman m)'thology, xv. 477.
, founder of Manichteism, XV. 482.
Manetho, Egyptian priest and annal-
ist, XV. 478, 144'; V. 710; on Egyptian
chronology, L 499 ; his History of
Egypt, VII. 729.
Manetta, Filippo, on Negro children,
XVIL 317.
Manetti, Giannozzo, Italian writer,
XIII. 506.
Manfred, king of the Two Sicilies, j:v.
478; XIII. 475; XXII. 27; his contest
with Pope Alexander IV., I. 487
Manfredonia, town, Italy, xv. 479.
Mangalia, town, Roumania, xv. 479.
Mangalore, town, India, xv. 479.
Manganates, salts of manganese, XV.
480; spectra of, XXII. 377.
Manganeisen, metal, xiii. 350.
Manga?cese, chemical clement, XV.
479; V. 533; in bleaching powder, V.
679; deposit of, in Pacific Ocean,
xviii. 125; production of, xvi. 467.
, Red, mineral, XVI. 398.
Manganite, mineral, xv. 479; xvi.
388.
Manganocalcite, mineral, XVI. 398.
Mangareva, ■ island. South Pacific,
XXIIL 602.
Mangel-Wurzel, Culture of, I. 368;
beer made from, IV. 271.
Mangeraai (Tlores), island, Indian
Archipelago, ix. 337.
Manger of Bucephalus, stone monu-
ment, near Philippi, Macedonia, xviii.
746.
Manghishlak, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxiii. 513.
Mangling, in bleaching, 111. 817.
Mango, tree and fmit, xv. 481.
Mangoro, river, Madagascar, XV. J69.
Mangosteen, tree and fruit, XV. 481
Mangrove, tree, xv. 481.
MaNG-Tsze ^Mencius), Chinese philo-
sopher, XVI. 3; V. 661.
Mangu Khan, Mongol ruler, XVI. 741;
XXI. 90.
Mangu Timur, Mongol ruler, xvi.
746.
Mang-vul, region, Tibet, xxill. 340.
Manhattan Island, New York,
U.S.A., XVIII. 458.
Manhood, Period of, xv. 778.
Mani, . founder of Manichaeism. XV.
482.
Mania, form of insanity, xiii. 104.
Maniaces, Georgius, Byzantine general,
xxil. 24.
Manicileism, religious system, XV.
481; XL 737; St Augustine's relations
with. III. 76; l^ter developments of, in
Middle Ages, XX. 321; XXI v. 322; 1.
454 (Albigenses) ; III. 858 (Bogomili);
XVllI. 433 (Paulicians).
Manicordo, musical instrument, XIX.
66.
ManiDjE, family of edentate mammals,
XV. 388.
Manifoldness, in mathematics, xv.
629, 661.
Manihot, india-rubber plant, xil. 837.
Manila, townj Philippine Islands, xv.
487; xviii. 750.
Hemp, vegetable tiore, xv. 488; I.
4; XI. 647; culture of, xvilL 751.
Manilius, Roman poet, xv. 489.
Manilla, or Manila, town, Philippine
Islaiids, XV. 487.
Hemp, or Manila Hemp d-v.), xv.
488.
Nut, XL 221.
Manin, Daniele, president of Venetian
republic, xv. 489.
, Ludovico, doge of Venice, XXIV.
148.
Manindji, lake, Sumatra, xxil. 638.
Manioc, plant, u. 631; v. 182; xxiii.
56.
Maniple, ecclesiastical vestment, vi.
462.
Manipur, state, india, XV. 489.
Manis, genus of edentate mammals,
XV. 388; XVIII. 211.
Manisa, or Manissa, town. Asia Minor,
XV. 49a
Manistee, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xv.
490.
Manitoba, province, Canada, xv. 490;
XVII. 573; climate of, IV. 772.
Manitoulin, district, Ontario, Canada,
XVII. 776.
Manitowoc, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XV. 491.
M ANKATO, town, Minnesota, U.S.A., XV.
491.
ManleV, John, English postal con-
tractor, XIX. 564.
, Mary de la Rivier, English drama-
tist, XV. 491.
Manlius, Roman family, xv. 492.
Mann, Horace, American educationist,
' XV. 492.
Manna, xv. 493; Australian, viii. 650;
from the ash, II. 680; XIV. 310J from
the larch, XIV. 310.
Manna-Lichen, xiv. 560.
M'ANnar Passage, Ceylon, v. 359.
Mannheim, town, Baden, Germany,
XV. 493; academy of sciences at, I. 71 ;
observatory, XVIL 713.
Manning, river. New South Wales,
XVIL 408.
, Robert, ^English chronicler, xv.
494; VIII. 410.
, Thomas, English traveller in Tibet,
XIV. 503; XXIII. 338.
Mannite, constituent of manna, XV.
493-
Mannucci, Teobaldo, Venetian printer,
XV. 512.
Manoel I.;- king of Portugal, vill.
157-
Man of Feeling, Mackenzie's, xv.
158:
Man of Mode. Etheridge's comedy,
VIIL 573.
Man-of-War, ship, x.\I. 82 i.
, bird, IX. 786.
Manometer, pressure gauge, xv. 494;
XIX. 245.
Manometric Gas - Thermometer,
XX. 131.
Manometric Thermometry, xi. 561.
Manon Lescaut, Pr^vosf 3 novel, xix.
720.
Manoof, canal, Egypt, vii. 710.
Manor, in English law, xv. .496;
lordship of, xxi. 623; origin of, viii.
298.
Man-oung, island, Burmah, xiv. 162.
Man-Power, in mechanics, -xv. 772.
Manresa, town, Spain, XV. 497.
Manrolite, mineral, xvi, 408.
Mans, Le, town, France, XV. 497.
Mansa Musa, West-African -Drmce,
XV. 475.
Mansart, Jules Hardouin, ^|rench
architect, XVIII. 292; xxiv. 176.
Mansel, Henry Longueville, English
metaphysician, xv. 497; his logic, xiv.
800.
— , Sir Robert, his expedition against
Algiers, I. 566.
Mansfeld, Count Buest of, Protestant
general, XV. 498.
Mansfield, mountain, Vermont,
U.S.A., XXIIL 792; XXIV. 166.
, town, England, xv. 498.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv. 498.
, Earl of, lawyer and politician, xv.
498.
Mansions, English, Architecture of, 11.
443; Roman, II. 420.
Manslaughter, in law, xvil 52.
Manson, George, Scottish painter, XV.
500
Mansoor, El-Hakim, Fatimite caliph
and founder of the Druses, XI. 378;
vii.»484, 751.
Mansur, or Mansoor, surname- of
Mohammedan princes, XV. 500.
of Hallaj, Persian pantheist, XI.
367-
, Abu Jafar al-, caliph, xvi. 57^.
, Abul Cassim (FirJousi), Persian
poet, IX. 225.
Mansvelt, buccaneer, IV. 409.
Mant, Richard, bishop of Down, hymn-
writer, XII. 595.
Mantegna, Andrea, Italian painter,
architect, and engraver, XV. 501; VIII.
440, 44 1 ; XXI. 436.
Mantell, Gideon Algernon, English
geologist, XV. 502.
Mantic Uttair, Persian poem, IX.
89.
MantiD/E, group of insects, XIII. 152.
Mantineia, ancient town, Greece. XV.
503.
Mantinino (Martinique), island, West
Indies, XV. 586.
Mantirs, tribe, Sumatra, XXIL 640.
Mantis, insect, xv. 503; myth of the,
XVII. 147.
Mantissa, in logarithms, xiv. 772.
Mantling, in heraldry, xi. 711.
Mantua, town, Italy, xv. 504; xx. 145;
coins of, xvii. 657; Gonzaga family,
X. 772; pictures in, XXL 447; Man-
tegna's works at, XV. 501; Eubens's
works in, xxi. 41.
Mantumba, lake. Central Africa, xxrv.
764.
Manu, Hindu lawgiver, xxi. 288 ;
institutes of^ rv. 203.
Manuals, of organ, xvii. 830.
Manucode, bird, xv. 504.
Manuel I., C!omnenus, emperor of Con-
stantinople, XV. 505.
■ II., PaltEologus, of Constantinople,
XV. 505; XVIIL 166.
I.-III., emperors of Trebizond,
XV. 505.
, Juan, Spanish writer, XXIL 354.
Chrysoloras, Greek grammarian,
XI. 149.
— Philes, Byzantine dramatist, xi.
145-
Manufactures, in relation to art, 11.
639; economic extension of, XIX. 355;
tariff protection of, IX. 755.
Manu-mea, Samoan pigeon, xix. 85.
Manumission, in Roman law, xx. 704.
Manure, xv. 505; agricultural, i. 305,
342; artificial, I. .353; XIV. 568; for
gardens, XII. 232; law relating to
tenants' use of, XIV. 275; quantities
used on small farms, I. 412.
Distributors, i. 321.
Mantis, in Roman law, xx. 671.
:, of mammals, XV. 359.
Manuscripts, vil 253; xviil 144 j
xxiii. 682; paper of, xviii. 217; illu-
niinated, XI I. 707; XVI. 437.
M A N — M A R
Manus Injectio, in iioman law, xx.
6S4.
Manusmriti, Sanskrit law, xxi, 288,
Manutius, Aldus, or Aldo Manuzio,
the Elder, Italian printer, XV. 512.
, Aldus, junior, Italian printer and
scholar, XV. 514.
- — , Paulus, Italian printer, XV. 513;
his Latinity, XIV. 342.
Manx Language, xv. 453; v. 298;
dictionaries of, VII. 188.
Manx Puffin, bird, xxl 781.
Manyanga, towii, Congo river, Africa,
XXIV. 765.
Manyeuma Country, Central Africa,
I. 248.
ManvosHiu, Japanese poems, XIII.
587.
Manytch, affluent of the Don, Russia,
XXL 74; XXIL 472.
Manzanares, river, Spain, XV. 190.
Manzanilla, seaport, Mexico, VL
141.
Wine, Spain, xxiv. 607.
Manzoni, Alessandro Francesco Tom-
maso Antonio, Italian poet, XV. 514;
vil 417; XIII. 515; on the torture of
accused persons, XXIII. 467.
Maoris, New Zealand race, xvii. 471;
myths of, xvii. 149.
Map, Maps, xv. 515 (with list, 522);
making of, x. 163; xxiL 709, 714;
earliest forms of, XX. 91, 9,, classes
of, X. 191; cleaning of. III. 821; con-
struction of, X. 200; lyAnville's im-
provements in, VI. 820; meteorological,
XVI. 158; of early navigators, XVII.
253.
— — , Mapes, or Mapus, Walter, English
ecclesiastic, statesman, and writer, xv.
523; VIII. 408; IX. 639; XX. 644.
Maple, tree, xv. 523; of United States,
XXIII. 807.
City (OgdensburgX New York,
U.S.A., XVII. 733.
Sugar, xxii. 62S.
MapoC.iO, river. Chili, XXI. 298.
Mapus (Walter Map, q.v.), xv. 523.
Mar, district, Scotland, i. 43.
, Earldom of, XV. 524.
, Earl of, regent of Scotland, XIII.
558; XXI. 506.
Mara of Amid, Syriac Writer, XXll.
Mar-Aeha I., Syriac writer, xxn. 826,
836.
Mar-Abha II., patriarch, Syriac writer,
XXIL 844.
Marabou-Stork, bird, xiil 529.
Marabout^ Moslem devotee, xv. 525.
Maracaibo, town, Venezuela, South
America, XV. 525; population, xxiv.
140.
Maracanda (Samarkand), ancient
town, Asia, XX. 246; Alexander at, I.
-483.
Maragha, town, Persia, XV. 525; xviii.
277
626; observatory at, xvi. 742; xvii.
709.
Marah, Sweetening the waters of,
Sprengel on, xiv. 767.
Maraldi, James Philip, French astro-
nomer, IL'755.
Maranhao, or Maranham, town, Brazil,
XV. 526; capture of, by Lord Cochrane
(1823), VII. 540.
Maranon (Amazon), river, South
America, I. 654, 674; XVIII. 673.
Marao, Serra de, Portugal, 'xix. 536.
Maraschino, liqueur, v. 586; xiv.
687; manufacture of, XXIV. 769.
Marasmius, genus of Fungi, xvii. 76.
Marat, Jean Paul, French Revolutionist,
XV. 526; IX. 604; assassination of, VI.
388.
Marathi Language, Dictionaries of,
VII. 191.
Marathon, Plain of, Greece, xv. 528;
IIL 60; battle of (490 B.cX XI. 99;
XVIII. 571; painting of battle, xvii.
41.
Marathonians, early Christian sect,
XV. 145.
MarattiacEjE, group of ferns, IX. 105.
Marble, crystalline Umestone, xv.
528; XVJ. 397; structure of, X. 231;
mosaics of, XVI. 851; sculptors' work
on, XXI. 571; earliest workers in
statimry of, II. 349; veneer, XVII. 36;
of Attica, III. 59; of Carrara, v. 133;
of Maragha, XV. 526; Parian, xvm.
319; Roman, XX. 808; of Tabriz, xxiv.
12; of Venice, XXIV. 149; of Verona,
XXIV. 170.
Marblehead, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A^ XV. 530.
Marble Hill, TwickenLam, England,
xxiiL 674^
Marbling, in painter'r work, ly.
512.
Marburg, town, Austria, XV. 530; xxii.
614.
, town, Prussia, XV. 530; university
of, XXIII. 844; conference (1529)
between Luther and Z\^gli, xv. 82;
Melanchthon's action at, xv. 834.
Marcabrun, Provenjal poet, xix. 874.
Marcanda (Samarkand), ancient town.
Central Asia, XXI. 246; I. 483,
Marcantonio Raimondi, Italian
engraver, xv."53o; viii. 441.
MarcasitEj mineral, XV. 532; XVL
39°-
Marcel, Etierme, provost of the mer-
chants, Paris, IX. 546; V. 409; xvill.
289.
Marceline, mineral, XVI. 387.
Marcella, friend of Martial, xv. 579.
Marcellinus, St, bishop of Rome, xv.
532-
Marcello, Benedetto, Venetian
musical composer, xvil. 92.
Marcellus I.-II., popes, XV. 533.
, Marcus Claudius, Roman warrior
278
MAR — M A R
(consul 222 and 208 B.c), xv. 532;
XXII. Si 7.
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, Roman
consul in Spain (152 B.C.), XXII. 306.
, Marcus Claudius, Roman sedUe
(consul 51 B.C.), XV. 532.
, Marcus Claudius, adopted eon of
Augustus, XV. 533.
, Theatre of, at Rome, 11. 41S.
March, month, xv. 533.
, of an army, xxiv. 362.
, river, Moravia, XVI. ^10
, Earl of (Roger Mortimer), vili.
320, 327.
-, Auzias, Catalan poet, xxil. 363.
Marchand, J. Louis, his musical con-
test with Bach, III. 195.
M.4RCHANTIA, genus of liverworts,
XVII. 68.
Marchasite, mineral, XV. 532.
Marche, province, France, XV. 533.
Marchen, German folk-tales. III. 283.
Marchena, town, Spain, xv. 5335 xxi.
70S.
Marches, district, Italy, 11. 9; dialect
of, XIII. 496.
Marchfeld, Austria, Battle of the
(1809) (Aspern), xvii. 214.
Marchioness, title, xv. 565.
MaRCIAN, emperor of the East, XV. 533.
Law, Roman, XX. 6S1.
MaRCIANUS, Codex, Old Testament
MS., XVIII. 148.
Marcillac, Prince de (La Rochefou-
cauld), French statesman, XIV. 317.
Marcion, heretical writer, XV. 533 ; X.
704; on the Epistle to the Ephesians,
VIII. 458; Polycarp's attitude tc, xix.
415.
Marcionite Churches, of 2d and 3d
centuries, XV. 533; xix. 415.
JjARCK, Comte de la, Mirabeau's letters
to, XVI. 496.
, Robert de la (Fleuranges), marshal
.of France, IX. 305.
Marco da Ravenna, Italian engraver,
XV. 531
Marcomanni, Invasioi. irf Eome by
the, XX. 775.
Marco Polo, medifevai traveller in
Asia, XIX. 404; X. 178; XIII. 501; his
visit to China, v. 648; on Kublai
Khan, xiv. 151.
Marcus, pope, xv. 535.
AuRELius, Roman emperor and
philosopher. III. 86; Stoic teaching of,
• XXII. 573.
Marcy, Moimt, New Tork, U.S.A.,
XVII. 450; xxxii: 792.
, William L., American politician,
xxiil. 789.
Mardin, town, Turkish Kurdistan, xv.
535-
Mardonius, Persian general, xviii.
571-
Mare, island. South Pacific, xv. 30;
its formation, xix. 421
Mare, Milk of the, xvi. 303, 305.
Mareb, or Marib, Great dyke of, Arabia,
II. 262; XXIV. 739.
Mareca, genus of birds, XXIV. 561.
Marecchia, river, Italy, XIII. 437.
Maree, Loch, Scotland, XX. 854.
Maremma, Tuscany, Borax jets in, IV.
50.
Marengo, Italy, Battle of (1800), in.
130; IX. 613; XVII. 204.
Mareotis, Lake, Egypt, vii. 709.
Marforio, statue, at Rome, xvill.
341-
Margaret, St, wife of King Malcolm
Canmore of Scotland, xv. 537; xxi.
481.
, q^ueen of Denmark and Norway,
VII. 85; as regent of Sweden, XXIL
746.
, Maid of Norway, xv. 537; i.
491; xvn. 58S; XXL 4S6.
, countess of Salisbury, VIII. 335.
of Anjou, wife of Henry VI.
of England, XV. 536.
of Austria, duchess of Parma, xv.
537; as Spanish regent in Holland,
XI!. 74
■' of Austria, duchess of Savoy, xv.
537.
Tudor, wife of James IV. of Scot-
land, XXI. 496.
Margarita, St, martyr, xv. 538.
, island, Caribbean Sea, Venezuela,
xv. 537; pearl fishery of, xvin. 447.
Margarite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Margaritone, Italian painter^ XXI.
436, 442.
Margarodite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Margary, Augustus Pvaymond, mur-
dered by Chinese, iv. 559.
MaRGAT, Syria, establishment of
Knights Hospitallers at, XXI. 174.
Marg.\te, town, England, xv. 538
Margeride, La, mountains, Lozere,
France, XV. 31.
Marggraff, Andreas S., discoverer of
sugar in beetroot, XXII. 625; his
experiments on alum, I. 643.
Marghilan, or Marghinan, town,
Russia in Asia, XV. 53S.
Margiana, Parthian kingdom, xvill.
592.
MargR-WES, of Brandenburg, XX. 3.
Marguerite' d' AngOuleme, princess,
XV. 538.
DE Valois, three princesses, xv.
538.
Margus, river, Merv, Asia, XVI. 41,
44. •
Marhattas (Mahraltas, q.v.), Indian
people, XV. 2S8.
Mari, Syriac writer, XXII. 830.
Maria L, queen of Portugal, xix.
550.
II., of Portugal, XIX. 553.
Anna, regent of Spain, XXII. 332.
Louisa, of Austria, wife of
Napoleon I., III. 134; ix. 616; xviL
215.
i Maria Louisa of Parma, wife of Charles
IV. of Spain, XXII. 342.
Maria Louisa of Savoy, first wife of
Philip V. of Spain, XXII. 336.
Maria Stuart, Schiller's drama, xxu
397-
Maria Theresa, empress, xv. 539; in.
127; IX. 5S6, 691; X. 503; XII. 370;
XIII. 750; her connexion with the
pragmatic sanction, xix. 657; Spanish
opposition to, XXII. 339.
Maria Theresa of Spain, ^rife of Louis
XIV., IX. 573.
Mariage Force, MoUfere's play, xvi.
628.
Mariamne, wife of Herod the Great,
XL 754.
Mariampol, town, Russian Poland,
XXIL 72S.
Mariana, Juan de, Spamsh Historian,
XV. 539; XXIL 359; his treatise on
Jesuitism, Xiii. 650.
Islands (Ladrones), North Pacific,.
XIV. 199.
Marianne, Marivaux's novel, xv. 551.
Mariano, Fra, his opposition to
Savonarola, xxi. 334.
Marias, race of people, Central India,
iiL 426.
Mariategui, Francisco Savier, Peru-
vian statesman, XVIII. 676.
Mariazell, village, Austria, xv. 539.
Maribios, mountains, Nicaragua,
xvn. 477.
Maricopas, American-Indian tribe,
XII. S33.
Marie ANciiAQUE de Ste M.agde-
LEINE (Marie Axnauld), abbess of Port
Royal, 11. 621; XIX. 533.
Marie Antoinette, Josephe Jeanne,
wife of Louis X\T[. of France, xv. 540;
III. 130; IX. 593; her connexion with
the diamond necklace affair, XX. 623.
Marie de France, French poetess,
XV. 541.
Marienbad, town, Bohemia, XV. 541;
mineral water of, XVI. 435.
Marienburg, town, Prussia, xv. 542.
Marietta, town, Ohio, U.S. A, xv. 542.
Mariette, Auguste Ferdinand Fran-
cois, French Egyptologist, XV. 542.
Marignac Acid, xxil 637.
Marignano, Italy, Battle of (15 15), IX.
689; XIV. 451.
Marignolli, Giovanni de', Italian
traveller, XV. 543.
Marigold, plant, xv. 544.
Marigot, town, St Martin, West Indiesi,
XXI. 186.
Mari ibn .Sulaiman, Arabic writer,.
XXIL 852.
Mariin.i, wood, near Moscow, Russia..^
XVI. S59.
Mariinsk, town, Siberia, xxill. 439.
Marina, St, martyr, xv. 538.
M A R — M A R
279
Marinduque, island, Philippines,
xviii. 752.
Marine Animals, Distribution of, vii.
276.
Marine Engines, xxi. 824; xxii. 499,
509, 519.
Marine Hospitals, xii. 306.
Marine Insurance, xiii. 184; Lloyd's,
XIV. 741.
Mariner's Compass, vl 225; xv. 518.
Marines, naval corps, xv. 544.
Marine Stations, Use of, in zoologi-
cal study, XXIV. 814.
Marini, or Marino, Giambattista, Italian
poet, XV. 546; XJH. 511.
Marinoni Printing Machine, xxiii.
707
Marinus I.-II., popes, XV. 546.
, ancient anatomist, I. 802.
of Tyre, ancient geograpber, XV.
517; XX. 91.
Mariolatry, worship of the Virgin
Mary, XV. 591.
M.\rion, Francis, American general,
XV. 546.
Marionettes, performing figures, xv.
546.
Mariotte, Edme, French physicist, xv.
547; his experiments on atmospheric
pressure, xix. 242; bis law of dilata-
tion of gases. III. 35; on the motion of
fluids, XII. 436.
Mariposa, California, U.SJL, its large
trees, xxin. 810.
Marischa:^ title, xv. 574.
, Earls, in Scotland, xiv. 28; xxii.
460.
College, Aberdeen, Scotland,
XXIII. 843.
Marisi, people. Nubia, xvii. 612.
Maritime Alps, i. 623.
Maritime Law, xxi. 583; points de-
. fined by Declaration of Paris (1856),
vii. 21.
Maritime Province, Eastern Siberia,
XV. 547; XIII. 831; XXIL 2, 1 1.
Maritimes, Alpes, department, France,
I. 599.
Mariupol, town, Eussia, xv. 549.
Marius, bishop of Lausanne, xiv. 350.
, Caius, Eoman general and consul,
XV. 549; XX. 758; in Jugurthine War,
xili. 767; his rivalry with Sulla,
XXII. 632.
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain
de, French novelist and dramatjfit,
XV. 550; VII. 426; IX. 666.
Marjoram, herb, xiL 289; xxin. 333.
Mark, St, the Evangelist, xv. 551.
, Gospel of, X. 789.
, territorial division, early English,
VIII. 273; German, XX. 2.
Antony (Antonius, Marcus, q.v.),
Roman triumvir, II. 140.
EAR KiKi. Sj-riac writer, XXII. 848.
Market, or Fair, viii. 847.
Crosses, vi. 612.
Market Deeping, village, England,
Cultivation of mint at, xviii. 518.
Market-Gardening, l 384. See also
article Horticulture.
Markham, Albert H., English Arctic
explorer, X. 196; XIX. 324.
, Colonel WiUiam, deputy governor,
Pennsylvania, xvili. 495.
Arabian, horse, xii. 182.
Marking Nut, xvii. 665.
Markirch, town, Germany, XV. 552.
Marl, for brickmaking, iv. 281; as
manure, i. 351.
Marlborough, town, England, xv.
552; parliamentary representation,
XXIV. 594.
, town, Slassachusetta, U.S.A., xv.
553-
, Arms of dukes of, XI. 712.
, Duke of, English general, XV. 553;
in. 445; vin. 353; British army
under, IL 571; his campaigns, IX. 581;
in the Netherlands, XII. 81; in War of
Succession, III. 126; his relations with
Harley, XVIII. 99; Blenheim House
erected for him. III. 825.
College, Marlborough, England,
XV. 553.
Marlioz, spa, France, xxi. 332.
Marlow, Great, town, England, xv.
556.
Marlowe, Christopher, English drama-
tist, XV. 556; VII. 429; VIII. 418; XXL
762; his pastoral poems, XVIII. 347.
Marlv-le-Roi, town, France, xv. 558.
Marmalade, conserve, xiil. 564.
Marmarosis, kind of rock metamor-
phosis, xv. 528.
Mar Menor, lagoon, Spain, xxii.
293.
.Marmion, Scott's poem, XXI. 548.
Marmoiite, mineral, XVL 414.
Marmont, Augiiste Frederic Louis
Viesse de, marshal of France, XV. 558.
Marmontel, Jean Francois, French
writer, XV. 559; XVII. 424.
Marmora, Sea of, in. 797; xv. 820.
Marmor Chronicon, ons of the
Arundel Marbles, 11. 671
Marmoset, ape, 11. 154.
Marmot, rodent mammal, XV. 559, 417,
418.
Marna, Phoenician god, xviii. 756.
Marne, department, France, XV. 561.
, river, France, XXI. 624.
, Haute, department, France, xv.
561.
Marnix, Filips van, Dutch Reformer,
XII. 92.
Maroboduus, German chief, x. 475.
Marocco, or Morocco (g.v.), country.
North Africa, xvi. 830.
Maron, John of, founder of the Maro-
nites, XV. 562.
Maroni, town, Comoro Island, West
Africa, VI. 220.
j , river, DutcV Guiana, XI. 251.
Maron ITES, Oriental Cliristian sect, xv.
562; XIV. 395; XX. 631; their war
with the Druses, vil. 486.
Maroons, class of Negroes, xv. 562;
XIII. 550.
Maros, river, Hungary, xxill. 522.
Maros-VAsArhely, town, Hungary,
XV. 562.
Marot, Clement, French poet, xv. 563;
IX. 650; psalms and hymns bv, XII.
589.
, Jean, French poet, XV. 563.
Marotique, ificole, French school of
poetry, XX. 841.
Marozia, mother of Pope John XL,
XIII. 710; XX. .787.
Marprelate, Martin, controversy and
pamphlets, xviiL 204; vii. 429; xxiv.
554-
Marque, Letters of, xiii. 194.
Marquee, tent, xxiiL 183.
Marquenterre, district, Somme,-
France, xxil. 261.
Marquesas Islands, South Pacific,
XV. 564; taboo system in, XXIII. 16.
Marquesite, mineral, XV. 532.
Marquess, or Marquis, title, XV. 565;
XVIII. 464; XXIII. 418.
Marquetry, inlaid wood-work, ix.
849; XIII. 81.
Marquette, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
. XV. 565.
, Jacques, French missionary and
explorer, XV. 565.
Marquez, Amaldo, Peruvian poet,
XVIII. 676.
Marquis, title, XV. 565; xxin. 418; in
the British peerage, XVIII. 464.
Marquois Scale and Triangle,
surveying instruments, XXII. 720.
Marrah Mountains, Soudan, Africa,
XXII. 277.
Marram, grass, xx. 319.
Marri, sanatorium, Punjab, India, XVil.
63-
Marriage,* in law, xv. 565; xii. 400;
law of settlement, XXI. 694 ; in relation
to woman's rights, XXIV. 641; breach
of promise of, xxiv. 643; under
Brehon law, IV. 252; XIII. 256; cere-
monies among the Druses, vii. 485;
among the Parsees, XVIII. 325; totem-
istic ceremonies, XXIII. 470; between
different classes and castes, v. 187, 191;
in relation to concubinage, VI. 244;
custom in Cardigan, v. 95; Chinese
customs, V. 670; Tibetan customs,
XXIII. 344 ; forbidden degrees in
totem clans, XXIII. 472; dissolution
of, VII. 300; in feudal times, XIV. 114;
among the early Israelites, XliI. 408;
in medical jurisprudence, -xv. 778;
special licences, vii. 259 ; ancient
Mexican, XVl. 213; myths of, XVII.
158 ; status of Nonconformists in
regard to, XVII. 533; among primitive
races, viii. 618; IX. 18: rank conferred
280
M A R — M A R
oy, XIX. 665; registration of, XX. 343;
in Roman law, xx. 671, 674, 677, 688,
.704, 712; socialistic views of, xxu.
219 ; of widows among Jews, xxi.
III. See also Adultery, Divorce,
Family.
Marriage, novel by Miss Ferrier, IX.
no.
A LA Mode, Hogarth's engravings,
XII. 49.
Marrock, bird, XI. 262.
Marroon, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
Marrot, bird, XX. 302.
Marrow, Anatomy of, I. 854.
— Tumours, xviii. 371.
Marrubium, genus of plants, XII. 166.
Marrvat, Frederick, English novelist,
xv'. 569.
Mars, Roman god (the Greek Ares), xv.
569; II. 484.
, planet, 11. 776, 782, 804; parallax
of, II. 796; solar parallax found by,
xviii. 246, 250; as affected by tidal
friction, xxiii. 379; Kepler's investi-
gations of, XIV. 46.
, Hill of, at Athens, II. 481.
Marsala, town, Sicily, xv. 570; xxii.
31; wine of, XXIV. 610.
Marsa Scirocco, harbour, Malta, xv.
34°-
Marsden, Samuel, missionary. New
Zealand, xvii. 471.
, William, English Orientalist, xv.
571-
Marseillaise, French eong, by Rouget
de Lisle, IX. 603; XXL 13.
Marseilles, town, France, xv. 571;
libraries of, xiv. 526, 546; observatory,
XVII. 712; plague at, XIX. 166: water-
works, IL 222.
Maksh, George Perkins, American dip-
lomatist and philologist, xv. 574.
, Othniel Charles, on fossil birds,
xvni. 36.
Marshal, title, xv. 574.
, Earl, of England, XV. 574; XXI.
36; XXII. 459.
t)F THE Admiralty, i. 162.
Marshall, John, American . chief-
justice, XV. 574; I. 721; XXII. 578.
, Mount, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiii. 794.
Marshalling Arms, in heraldry, xi.
705.
Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean,
XVI. 256; XVIII. 128.
Marshalltown, town, lowa, U.S.A.,
XV. 574.
Marsh Fever, xv. 316.
Marsh-Gas, xvi. 194; xviii. 237.
Mar Shimun, patriarch of Kurdish
Nestorians, XVII. 357.
Marsh Land, Reclaiming of, i. 405.
Marsh Mallow, plant, xv. 335.
Marshman, Joshua, English missionary
and Orientalist, xv. 574.
Marsh Otter, carnivorous mammal,
XVI. 474._
Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinand (Marsilius),
Italian soldier and savant, XV. 575;
on birds, XVIII. 8.
Marsilius of Padua, his influence on
Occam, XVII. 718.
— — FiciNUS, Platonic philosopher, I.
69.
Marsillat, Guglielmo di, his glass
paintings, X. 670.
Marsland, Peter, his improvements on
power-looms, VI. 501.
Marston, salt-mine, Cheshire, England,
XXI. 231.
, John,Englishsatiristanddramatist,
XV. 575; VII. 433.
Moor, England, Battle of (1643),
VI. 599; VIII. 347; XVII. 380.
Marstrand, island, Sweden, XXII.
737-
, Wilhelm, Danish painter, VII. 94.
Marsupialia, order of mammals, xiii.
838; XV. 378; IIL in.
Mar's Work, ruins, Stirling, Scotland,
xxiL 555.
Marsvas, Phrygian god, XV. 575; re-
presentation of, in relief, XVII. 120.
Martel, Charles, king of the Franks,
IX. 531 ; X. 477; his victory over the
Moslems, xvi. 576.
Marten, carnivorous mammal, XV.
575. 439. 440; skins of, ix. 838.
Martens, Frederick, Dutch Arctic ex-
plorer, XIX. 318.
M artes, genus of carnivorous mammals,
XV. 576.
Martha's Vineyard, island, Massa-
chusetts, U.S.A., XV. 612.
Marti, F. de Paula, Spanish steno-
grapher, XXI. 842.
Martial, St, Festival of, at Limoges,
France, XIV. 652.
(M. Valerius Martialis), Roman
poet, XV. 577; XXI. 319; language and
style of, XIV. 337; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 725.
Achievements of the Scots
Nation, by Abercromby, i. 37.
Law, VI. 517; XVI. 295.
Martianus Capella, his encyclo-
paedia, VIII. 191.
Martigues, tovra, France, XV. 580.
Martin, bird, xv. 581.
, St, bishop of Tours, XV. 581; XVI.
702; XXIII. 491; Life of, by Sulpicius
Severus, XXI. 702.
I., pope, XV. 582; XIX. 494; XX.
783.
II.-III. (Marinus I.-IL), popes,
XV. 546.
IV., pope, XV. 582; XX. 798.
v., pope, XV. 582; XIX. 502; XX.
805.
, king of Aragon, XXI I. 323.
, David, Scottish painter, XX. 218.
, Henri, French historian, IX. 680.
, John, English painter, XV. 582.
of Mainz, heretic, xvii. 486.
Martina Franca, town, Italy, xv.
583.
Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens's novel
VII. 176.
Martineau, Harriet, English authoress,
xv. 583; on political economy, XIX.
377-
Martinez, Niccolo, patron of Meta-
stasio, XVI. 104.
DE LA Rosa, Francisco. Spanish
poet, xxn. 361.
DE Toledo, Alonzo, Spanisb
writer, XXII. 355.
Martini, or Martino, Francesco di
Giorgio, Sienese painter and sculptor,
XXII. 44; XXIV. 10.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian musical
composer, XV. 584; XVII. 92.
, Simone (or Simone di Martino),
Italian painter, XV. 585.
Martini-Henry Rifle, xi. 282.
Martinique, island. West Indies, xv.
485; IX. 526.
Martinmas, feast of St Martin, xv.
582.
Martino, Francisco and Simone. See
Martini.
DA Canale, Italian ^v^iter, xiil.
501.
Martin's Anchor, ii. 7.
Martinsburg, town. West Virginia,
U.S.A., XV. 586.
Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von,
German naturalist, XV. 586.
Martlet, in heraldry, xi. 702.
Martorell, Joannot, Spanish roman-
cist, XX. 658; XXII. 364.
Martos, town, Spain, XV. 586.
Marttand, or Martuud, Temple of, at
Kashmir, 11. 396; XIV. u.
Martyn, Henry, English missionary,
XV. 586; in Persia, xviii. 649.
Martvnia, plant, Peru, xviii. 670.
Martyr, Peter, Italian Reformer, xxiv.
166.
Martyrology, catalogue of martyrs,
XV. 587; Syriac, xxil. 828.
Martyrs, Era of, v. 716.
Marudu river. North Borneo, XXI.
123.
Marullus, Michael Tarclianiota,
Florentine scholar, XV. 5S8.
Marum, or Marwm, Martin van, Dutch
scientist, XV. 588.
Marutha of Maiperkat, Syriac writer,
XXII. 828.
of Taghrith, Syriac writer, XXII.
838.
Marutse-Mabunda, kingdom. South
Africa, xv. 588.
Maruzaya-isho, Syriac writer, xxii.
847.
Marvell, Andrew, English poet, XV.
5S8.
Marwar, or Jodhpur, state, India, Xiii.
703; XX. 260.
Marx, Karl, German economist and
M A K — M A S
281
socialist, xill. 1S9; xxil. 210; on
communism, vi. 215.
Mary, The Virgin, XV. 589; xill. 749;
genealogy of, xill. 660; immaculate
conception of, XII. 715; discussions as
to her epithet Mother of God, xvii.
355-
i , others of the name iu New Testa-
ment, XV. 5 89.
, Apocalj-pse of, II. 179.
, duchess of Biu-gundy, XII. 73.
I., queen of England, XV. 592; "VIII.
338, 339; her treatment of Elizabeth,
VIII. 141; her marriage with Philip
II., XVIII. 743; her relations with
Cardinal Pole, XIX. 331.
II., of England, XV. 594; VIII.
33'-
, queen of Scots, XV. 594; XXI. 499;
her connexion vnih Babington con-
spiracy, XXIV. 339; Chastelard's in-
fatuation for, V. 436 ; her relations
with Elizabeth of England, Viii. 144,
341; in France, IX. 55S, 559; Don
John of Austria's intrigue regarding,
XVIII. 525; her relations with Knox,
XIV. 132; Bishop Lesle)''s devotion to,
XIV. 475; her relations with the regent
Miuray, xvii. 62.
of Guelders, wife of James II. of
Scotland, XXI. 493.
of Guise, wife of James V. uf
Scotland, XXI. 499.
of Medici, wife of Hem-y IV. of
France, l.\. 566.
B.\RTON, Mrs Gaskell's novel, X.
104.
Pene.\RIS, news-letter correspond-
ence, XVII. 42S.
Stuart, Scljiller's drama, xxi.
397-
Maryborough, town, Ireland, xx.
171.
, town, Queensland, Aitstralia, xv.
602.
Maryland, State, U.S.A., xv. 602;
colony of, xxill. 729; newspapers,
XVII. 434.
Marvlebone, district, London, xiv.
821.
Marvoot, lake, 'Egypt, vii. 709.
Maryport, town, England, xv. 605.
Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi), Italian
painter, xv. 605; ix. 772.
Masada, fortress, on Dead Sea, vii. 2.
Mas-a-Fuera, island, South Pacific,
XIII. 757.
Masaniello (Tommaso Aniello),
Neapolitan revolutionist, XV. 606;
XIII. 484; XVII. 191.
Masarid.e, family of wasps, xxiv. 393.
Mas-a-Tierra (Juan Fernandez),
island. South Pacific, Xlll. 757.
Masaud, Tower of, at Ghazni, Afghanis-
tan, X. 560.
Masaya, town, Kicaragua, Central
America, xv. 6o3.
Masbate, island, Philippines, xviii.
752.
Mascagni, Paolo, Sienese anatomist,
I. 815; XXII. 43.
Mascagnine, mineral, xvi. 400.
Mascara, town, Algeria, XV. 608.
Mascarene Islands, or Mascarenhas, '
Indian Ocean, XV. 608.
Mascaron, Jules, bishop of Agen,
French preacher, XV. 608.
Mascheroni, Lorenzo, Italian mathe-
matician, XV. 608.
Mascle, in heraldry, XI. 697.
JiASHAL, similitude, or proverbial dis-
tich, in Hebrew literature. III. 639;
XIX. 880.
Masha.m, Sir Francis, friend of Locke,
XIV. 754.
, Mrs (Abigail Hill), favourite of
Queeu Anne, II. 63; XVIIL 100.
Mashhad, or Meshed, to^\Ti, Persia,
XVI. 46; XVIII. 618, 626, 628; XIX.
93-
Mashir, fish, xn. 743.
Mashita, Moab, Sculptm-cs in palace
at, XVII. 3j
Masih al Dajjal, Mohammedan
antichrist, II. 126.
Masinissa, Numidian king, xv. 608;
XIII. 766; XVII. 627; XX. 750.
.Masino, spa. North Italy, XXIV. 45.
Masistes, brother of Xerxes I. of
Persia, xviii. 573.
Masjid Jami, or Mosque, xvi. 863.
Mask, dramatic composition, vii. 431.
, Lough, Ireland, xill. 216 ; XV.
650.
, Man in the Iron, XlII. 360.
Mask.\t, or Muscat, toi\Ti, Arabia, XVII.
64.
Masked Comedy, of Italy, vil 418.
Maskelyne, John Kevil, deviser of
conjuring tricks, XV. 207, 211.
, Nevil, English astronomer, XV.
609; IL 757; XVII. 260.
MASKINONGE, fish, XIX. 89.
Mask of Pandora, Longfellow's poem,
XIV. 862.
Masks and Faces, Roade's drama, xx.
■303-
Maslama, Moslem general, xvi. 574,
576.
Masolino da Panicale, Italian pain-
ter, xy. 610, 606.
Mason, origin of word, ix. 752.
, Charles, English astronomer, XV.
611.
, Francis, American missionary,
XV. 610.
, George, American politician,
xxill. 789.
, George Hemming, English jiaiu-
ter, XV. 610.
, Captain John, settler, Xew Hamp-
shire, U.S.A., XVII. 393.
, John, English clergyman, hymn-
writer, XII. 592.
Mason, Monck, on balloon ascents, 1.
194.
, William, English poet, XV. 610.
, William, stenographer, xxi. 837.
AND Dixon's Line, United
States, XV. 605, 611; XVIIL 504.
Masonite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Masons' Marks, in Roman buildings,
XX. 814.
Mason Work, iv. 468.
Masque, or Mask, dramatic compo-
sition, VII. 431.
Masr-al-Kahira (Cairo, j.r.), town,
Egypt, IV. 645.
Mass, in mechanics, xv. 698.
, Sacrifice of the, XVi. 508; VIII.
652; XXI. 140; music for celebration
of, XVIIL 180; decree respecting in
council of Trent, XXIII. 550.
Mass.^, or Massa Carrara, town, Italy,
XV. 611.
, town, Morocco, XVI. 831; nver,
XVI. 832.
Massachusetts, State, U.S.A., xv.
611; in relation to Slaine, XV. 301;
colony of, XXIII. 729 ; newspapers,
XVII. 433.
MASS.tSVLI, Numidian tribe, xvil.
627.
MasSALIA (Marseilles), ancient Greek
town, France, XV. 573.
Massalians, sect of Greek Church. XL
782.
Massavielle, Grotto of, at Lourdcs,
France, xv. 24.
Massekheth Hekhaloth, Midrash,
XVI. 286.
Massena, Andrd, French marshal, xv.
616.
Masses, deposits of mineral, XVL 441.
Massicot, mineral, xiv. 377; xvl 385.
Massic\tus, Mount, Asia Minor, XV.
93-
Massill\ (Marseilles), ancient Greek
colony, France, X. ill; XV. 573; coins
of, XVII. 636.
Massilians, or Semipelagians, religioia
sect, XVIIL 472.
Massillon, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv.
617.
, Jean Baptiste, French preacher,
XV. 617; IX. 662; compared with
Bourdaloue, I v. 175.
Massina, country, Soudan, Africa, X.XII.
279.
Massinger, Philip, English dramatist,
XV. 618; VII. 432; in relation to
Beaumont and Fletcher, III. 470.
Massive Mountain, Colorado, U.S.A.,
VI. 161.
Massorah, or Massora, of Jewish Scrip-
tures, XV. 619; XL 600; XML 429.
Massoretic Text, of Old Testament,
III. 641; XXIL S26.
Massowah, town, on Red Sea, xv. 619;
XX. 316.
Massvli, Xumidian tribe, XViL 627.
XXV. — 36
282
M A a — M A L)
Massvs, Jan, Flemisii painter, XV. 620.
, or Matsys, Quintin, Flemisii painter,
XV. 620; XXI. 439.
Mast, of a ship, iv. 477; xxi. 153, 563.
, fruit of the beech, III. 503.
Mastab.a, Egyptian stone monument,
XX. 122.
Mastacomys, genus of rodent mammals,
x%ai. 6.
Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria
(Pope Pius IX.), XIX. 1 56.
Master and Servant, Law of, xv.
620; VI. 294; XIV. 165; in Roman la A",
XX. 6SS, 70.1-.
Master Humphrey's Clock, Dickens's
work, VIK.176.
Master of Arts, origin of the degree
XXIII. 835.
Master of the "uckhounds, Eng-
land, XXI. 38.
Master of the Horse, Ei-gland, xxi.
37-
Masters, Unions of, xxiii. 499.
Mastic, or Mastich, resin, XV. 621.
Mastication, of food, xvii. 669.
Mastiff, dog, vii. 330.
Masting, of a ship, xxi. 563.
Mastodon, extinct ungulate mammal,
XV. 622, 425.
Mastuj, town, Hindu Knsh, Asia, xi.
83S.
Masud bar Beth Kashsha, Syriac
hymn-writer, XXII. 855.
Masudy, Arab traveller, XV. 023; X.
177-
Masulipatam, town, maia, xv. 624.
Masupias, South-Aincau tribe, xv.
58S.
Mat, for floor, xv. 634; Xiv. 648.
, of metal, xvii. 4S7.
Ma-T, Egyptian divinity, vil. 71 8.
Matabele- state, South Africa, xxin.
518.
Matag.^lpa, town, Jticaragua, xvii.
477-
Matakong, island. West Africa, XXI.
661; XXII. 45.
M ATALONUM (Sladdaloni), ancient town,
Italy, XV. 176.
Matamata, turtle, xxiii. 459.
Matamoros, town, Jlexico, XV. 624.
Matan, or Marttand, Kashmir, Temple
at, II. 396; XIV. II.
Matanzas, town, Cuba, XV. 624.
Matar.\m, town, Lombok, XIV. 817.
Mataro, town, Spain, XV. 624.
Matches, xv. 624; proposed tax on,
IX. 190.
M.wi, Paraguayan tea, xv. 627; I v.
227.
Matelotas, islands, Oceania, v. ij6.
Mateo, Slastei, Spanish sculptor, xxi.
566.
M.^tera, town, Italy, xv. 628.
Materfamilias, in Roman law, xx.
672.
Material. The, in psychology, xx. 55.
Materialism, in evolution, viii. 753;
Lamettrie's, xiv. 243; Lotze's view of,
XV. 13; Lucretius's, XV. 54; Stoic
doctrine of, xx:i. 563.
Materialistic Theory, of man's
nature, II. 109.
Materials, Strength of, xxii. 594.
Matese, Monti del, mountains, Italy,
XIII. 438, 439.
Matha, John de, general of Trinitarian
Order, xxill. 574.
M.ithematical Drawing and Mod-
elling, XV. 628.
Mathem.\tic.\l Geography, x. 197;
Ptolemy on, XX. 92.
Mathematical Tables, xxiii. 7.
Mathematics, xv. 6zg; analysis and
synthesis in, I. 793; application of, to
physical astronomy, II. 759; to econo-
mic questions, XIX. 386; to geography,
X. 197; to magnetism, xv. 226;
Hindu, XXI. 294; Pj-thagorean, XX.
140; reasoning in, XIV. 787; contribu-
tions to, by Lagrange, Xiv. 209; by
Laplace, XJV. 301; by Leonardo of
Pisa, XIX. 125; by Kewton, XVii.
438, 446; by Pascal, XViii. 338; by
Peacock, XVIII. 444; by Pliicker, xix.
228; by Poisson, XIX.281; by Ptolemy,
XX. 87; Montucla's History of, xvi.
798; mathematical societies, xxii.
224.
Mather, Cotton, New England divine,
XV. 631. •
, Increase, president, Harvard Col-
lege, U.S.A., XV. 631.
, Richard, New England pastor, xv.
631.
aND_ Platt, their calico-printing
machines, iv. 685.
Mathew, Theobald, Irish temperance
reformer, xv. 631; xxin. 159.
DA B.ASSI, founder of Capuchin
friars, v. 7
M.athews, Charles, English comedian,
XV. 632.
, Cliarles James, English comedian,
XV. 632.
M.\thnitho, in Jewish literature, xvi.
506.
Mathurin, Port, Rodriguez island,
Indian Ocean, XX. 619.
Mathurins, religious order, xxill.
574-
M.\TIA, island, South Pacific, xxiii. 22.
Matico, edentate mammal, XV. 3S7.
Mati Dhwaja, Tibetan Lama, jciv.
151.
M.^ties, class of cured herrings, ix. 259.
M.\TILD.\, lady of England and Nor-
mandy, viii. 302; XVII. 544; XXII.
534
, countess of Tuscany, xv. 632;
XIII. 471.
Matins, canonical hour, IV. 263.
Matisco (Macon), Roman town, Fi-ance,
XV. 166.
MatiT-ivnana, Falls of, Madagascar
169.
Matlock, town, England, xv. 632.
M.atlockite, mineral, XVI. 384.
M.\tongas, South-African tribe, xv.
588.
Matotchkin Shar, sea cnanuel, Nova
Zembla, XVII. 604.
Matrah, tovra, Arabia, xvii. 64.
Matronali.4, Roman festival, xill.
779; XV. 57a
Matrons, Jury of, in law, xiii. 786.
Matsys, or Massys, Quintin, Flemish
painter, XV. 620; xxi. 439.
Mattathias, father of Judas Mac-
cabceus, xiiL 421; XV. 130.
Matteo di Giovanni, Italian painter,
XXI. 434, 442.
Matter, Properties of, xv. 633; diffu-
.'ion of, VII. 217; divisibility of. III.
37 ; action of force on, XV. 676 ;
Berkeley's theories of, III. 591; Des
Cartes on, v. 14; ; Hume's theory of,
in relation to mind, XII. 352; Locke's
^•iews on, Xiv. 759, 761 ; Spinoza on,
V. 156.
Matteucci, Carlo, Italian physicist.
XV. 633.
Mattheson, Joha»in_ GerniaTi musics.
composer, XI. 434.
Matthew, St, the Evangelist, xv.
633.
, Gospel of, X. 7S9.
of Paris, English mediaeval his-
torian, XV. 633.
, Thomas, his version of the English
Bible, VIII. 386.
DE Gradibus, on anatomy, I. 806.
Matthias, emperor, xv. 634; x. 499:
as king of Hungary, xii. 369.
B.\ssaraba, voivode of Walachia.
XXI. 17.
CoRViNUS, king of Hungary, xv.
634; XII. 367, 368.
Matthiesen, Johann, Anabaptist
leader, IT 786.
Matthison, Friedrich von, German
poet, X. 541.
Matting, xv. 634.
Mattioli, Ercolo, alleged to be the
Man in the Iron Mask, XIII. 361.
^ , Pier Antonio, Sienese botanist,
XXII. 43.
Mattokki, people. Nubia, xvii. 612.
M.^TTOON, town, niinois, U.S.A., xv.
635.
Matua, island, Kuriles, Asia, XI v. 160.
Matura Diamond, variety of jacinth,
XIII. 532.
Maturation, of the sexes, xx. 407.
Maturin, town, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
, Charles Robert, Irish novelist ami
dramatist, xv. 635.
SIatv, Matthew, librarian of British
Museum, xviii. 539.
Matzua, town, Abyssinia, XV. 619.
Maubeuge, town, France, xv. 635.
M A U — M A Y
283
MauchbeRG, mountain, Soutli Africa,
xxin. 517.
Maudu\t, R. J. E., on birds, xviii. 7.
Maugis d'AIGREMONT, romance, XX.
653.
Maui, island, Hawaiian group, XI. 532.
Maulawi, dancing dervishes, XXI. 59.
Maule, province. Chili, v. 617.
Mauleon, town, France, XX. 127.
Maulmain, town, British Burmah, XV.
635-
Maumee Bav, Lake Erie, North
America, XXIII. 436.
Mauna (Tutuila), island, South Pacific,
XVII. 279.
KiLAUEA, volcano, Hawaii, XI. 531.
Maunch, in heraldry, xi. 703.
Maundy Thursday, xv. 635; peni-
tential office of, xviii. 487.
Maupertuis, Peter Louis Moreau de,
French mathematician, XV. 636; IX.
671; measures arc of meridian, VII.
598; Voltaire's dispute with, XXIV.
289.
Mau Ranipur, town, India, XV. 630.
Maurepas, Comte de,French statesman,
■ IX- 594-
, Lake, Louisiana, U.S.A., XV. 20.
Maurer, Georg Ludwig von, German
jurist, XV. 636.
Maures, mountains, France, XXIV. 68.
Mauret.\nia, ancient country, North
Africa, XV. 636.
TiNGlTAN.^,ancientcountry,Africa,
XVI. 834.
Mauri, people of Mauretania, Africa,
XV. 637.
Maurice (JIauricius), St, martyr, xv.
637.
(Mamicius Flavius Tiberius),
emperor of the East, xv. 637.
(of Nassau), prince of Orange,
stadtholder of Holland, XV. 638; XII.
77; his antagonism to Barneveldt, III.
379-
, elector of Saxony, XV. 638; XXI.
354; his influence on France, IX. 559;
his policy towards Charles V., V. 416.
, John Frederic Denison, English
divine, XV. 638; as Christian socialist,
xxii. 210.
Maurienne, district, France, XXI. 332.
Mauritania (Mauretania), ancient
country. North Africa, XV. 636.
Mauriti.4, genus of palms, xviil'. 190.
Mauritius, island, Indian Ocean, xv.
639; I. 272; remains of dodo, found
in, VII. 321; forests, IX. 408; railways,
XX. 253; thunderstorms, XVI. 129;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
Mauro, Fra, Italian geographer, X. 180.
Maurus, St, Benedictine monk, xv.
642.
, Hrabanus (j.s.), medisval scholar,
XII. 326.
Maurusia (ilauretania), country,
North Africa, XV. 636.
Maury, Alfred, on magic and astrology,
II. 739.
, Jean Siffrein, cardinal, archbishop
of Paris, XV. 642.
, Matthew Fontaine, American
hydrcgrapher, XV. 642; his Physical
Geography of the Sea, X. 197.
Mausoleum, origin of the name, II.
413, 644; XI. 383; XV. 643; of Hali-
carnassus, Asia Minor, XI. 384 ; of
Bijapur, India, III. 669; Eoman, II.
419; XX. 831.
Mausolus, king of Caria, XV. 643; xi.
383; XVIII. 579; tomb of, II. 413, 644.
Mauvaises Terres, Colorado plateau,
U.S.A., XXIII. 799.
Mauve, colour, 11. 48.
Mauvissiere, Michel de Castelnau,
Sieur de la, French soldier and
diplomatist, v. 194.
Mavis, bird, xxiil. 321.
Mayor, Wilbam, stenographer, XXI. 834.
Mavrocordato, Constantiue and
Nicholas, hospodars of Walachia, xxi.
18.
Mavrocordatos, Alexander, Greek
leader, XI. 125,
Mavrommati, village, Greece, xvi. 52.
Maw, river, Wales,' xvi. 38.
Mawaca, river, South America, xvii.
843.
Maxentius, Marcus Aurelius Valerius,
Eoman emperor, xv. 643; basilica of,
III. 414.
Maxima and Minijia, in mathematics,
XV. 643; XIII. 22; XXIV. 85.
Maximianus, Bishop, his sculptured
ivory throne, XXI. 556.
, Galerius Valerius, Roman emperor,
XV. 644; XX. 777; martyrdom of
Theban legion by, XV. 637.
, Marcus Aurelius Valerius, Roman
emperor, XV. 644.
Maximilian I., emjieror, xv. 644; x.
496.
II., emperor, XV. 645; X. 499.
, emperor of Mexico, XV. 645; XIII.
758, his death, IX. 625.
Maximilianeum, at Munich, xvil. 26.
Maximilla, Montanist prophetess, xvi.
775-
Maximinus, Caius Julius Venis,
Roman emperor, XV. 645.
, Galerius Valerius, Roman emperor,
XV. 645.
Maxims, La Rochefoucauld's, ix. 663;
XIV. 318.
Maximus, St, abbot of Chrysopolis, xv.
646.
, Magnus Clemens, Roman emperor,
XV. 645; XXIII. 258.
, Marcus Clodius Pupienus, Roman
emperor, XV. 645.
, Petronius, Eoman emperor, XV.
646.
, Terentius, pretender in Parthia,
XVIIL 603.
Maximus Tyrannus, Roman emperor,
XV. 645.
Maxite, mineral, xvi. 399.
Maxwell, James Clerk, English physi-
cist, XV. 646 ; his experiments on
compound colours, xvii. 802 ; his
theory of magnetic molecules, XV.
276; on viscosity, XIX. 248; his work
on electricity and magnetism, Vlii.
IS-
, Robert, on the husbandry of Scot-
land, I. 302.
, Sir William Stilling-, Scottish man
of letters, XV. 647.
Maxwelltown, to-svn, Scotland, xiv.
98.
May, month, xv. 647.
, Cornells Jacobsen, director. New
Netherland, America, XVII. 454.
Mayaguana, island, West Indies, III.
236.
Mayans y Siscar, Gregorio, Spanish
writer, XXll. 360.
M.4YAPAN, ancient town, Central
America, XXIV. 758.
Mayas, people. Central America, xii.
828; XXIV. 758; ancient traditions of^
XVI. 20S.
Mayavaram, town, India, XXIII. 47.
Maybole, to^^■n, Scotland, xv. 648.
Mayborough, or Maybrough, England,
Cromlech at, XXI. 52; XXIV. 516.
May-Day, xv. 648; in England, in time
of Shakespeare, XXl. 750.
M AYDOOM, Egypt, Pictui-e of birds fromj
xviii. 2.
Mayence (Mainz, j.w.), town, Hesse-
Darmstadt, Germany, xv. 305.
M A yenne, department and town, France,
XV. 648.
, Duke of, French prince, IX. 563.
Mayer, Johann Tobias, German astro-
nomer, XV. 649 ; his tables, II. 760;
on lunar observations, XVii. 260; on
magnetism, XV. 236; his formula for
meridian transits, XXIII. 516.
— — , Julius Robert, German physicist,
XV. 649; on the mechanical equivalent
of heat, VIIL 20S.
, Mademoiselle, French painter, XX.
I.
Mayflower, Landing of the, at Ply-
mouth, U.S.A., XV. 615; XXIII. 729.
May-Fly, insect, vin. 458.
Mayhem, in law, xv. 649.
Maykop, town, Russia, xv. 650.
Maynooth, village and college, Ireland,
XV. 650.
Mayo, county, Ireland, XV. 050; repre-
sentation, XXIII. 727.
, river, Africa, XVII. 496.
, Earl of, governor-general of India,
XII. 811.
Mayo-Kebbi, valley, Soudan, Africa,
XXII. 277.
Mayon, mountain, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 748.
284
M A Y — M E D
Mayor, head of a municipality, xvil. 27.
MayoTTA. island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
Mayow, Jolin, his investigations on air,
V. 461.
May-Pole, xv. 64S.
Mavpures, cataracts, Orinoco river,
South America, xvil. S44.
Maysville, to^vn, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XV. 651.
Mayud-ud-Din, Tomb of, at Ajmir,
India, I. 434.
Mazaca, tovm, Cappadocia, Asia Minor,
V. 75.
Mazagan, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
Mazamet, town, France, XV. 651 ;
XXIII. 65.
Mazandaran, province, Persia, xv.
651; xviii. 627.
Mazarin, Jules, cardinal and French
statesman, XV. 651; IX. 569, 573; his
relations with Colbert, VI. 121; his
contentions with Conde, VI. 246; his
Spanish policy, XXII. 332.
Bible, hi. 653.
Mazatlan, town, Mexico, XV. 653.
Mazdaism, or Zoroastrianism {q.v.),
religion of ancient Persia, XX. 360.
Maze, in gardening, xiv. 180.
Mazeppa, Ivan Stephauovitch, Cossack
chief, XV. 653; VI. 44S; XXI. 97.
Mazer-Wood, xi. 338.
Mazorah, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
Mazovia, territory, Poland, XXIV. 375.
Mazuranic, Ivan, Servian poet, XXI.
691.
Mazurs, race, Russian Poland, xix. 309.
Mazzara 'del Vallo, town, Sicily,
XV. 654.
Mazzini, Giuseppe, Italian patriot,
XV. 654; xiii. 486; XX. 806.
Mazzola, or Mazzuoli, Francesco
Maria (II Parmigiano), Italian painter,
XVIIL 317; XXL 437,443-
Mazzuchelli, Count, Italian writer,
XIII. 512.
Meacham, Joseph, Shaker leader, xxi.
737-
Mead, beverage, xii. 137.
, Edward, English physician, xv.
811.
, Richard, English physician, XV.
656.
, William, English preacher, xviii.
493-
Meade, George G., American general,
xxiii. 790, 778.
Meadow-Grass, Culture of, I. 374.
Meadows, Irrigation of, i. 345, 349;
XIII. 364, 367.
Meadow Saffron, vl 124.
Meadow Valley Mines, Nevada,
U.S.A., XXIII. 815.
Meadville, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XV. 656.
Meagre, fish, xxiv. 738.
Meals, in dietetics, vil. 20^.
Meal Worm, vi. 133.
Mealy Mountains, Canada, xx. 165.
Meanee, India, Battle of (1843), xvii.
176.
Mean Time, xxiii. 392.
Meaou-tsze (Miautse), Chinese tribe,
XVI. 223; v. 642.
M earns, or Kincardine, county, Scot-
land, XIV. 78.
Measles, disease, xv. 657; xviii. 404;
in Polynesia, XIX. 422.
, Beef and Pork, XXIII. 52; XXIV.
206.
Measure, in arithmetic, 11. 528.
, Musical, XVII. 81.
for Measure, Shakespeare's
play, XXI. 764; source of, X. 620.
Measurement, Geometrical, xv. 659,
630; X. 388.
Measurements, Magnetic, xv. 237.
Measures and Weights, xxiv. 478;
abbreviations of, I. 29.
Measuring, Art of, or Mensuration,
XVL 13.
Meat, Poisonous, tainted, or diseased,
XV. 782.
, Preserved, XIX. 707.
Meath, county, Ireland, XV. 66S; re-
presentation, XXIII. 727.
, kingdom of, Ireland, XXIV. 513.
Meaux, town, France, XV. 669.
M^CANIQUE Analytique, Lagrange's
work, XIV. 208.
M^CANiQue CELESTE, Laplace's work,
XIV. 301.
Mecarino (Domenico Beccafumi),
Italian painter, III. 476.
Mecca, town, Arabia, xv. 669; xvi.
545. 559, 569, 57> ; pilgrimage to,
XIX. 93.
Pilgrims, Quarantine of, xx. 155.
Mechabberoth, poems by Emanuel
b. Salomon, VIII. 157.
Mechanical Arts, ii. 639; their rela-
tion to the fine arts, IX. 198.
Mechanical Labour, xiv. 166.
Mechanical School, of medicine,
XV. 810.
Mechanics, xv. 676 (contents, 749);
applied, XV. 750.
Mechanics' Institutes, Founders of,
in. 779
Mechanics' Lien, in law, xiv. 570.
Mechanism, Lotze's use of the word,
XV. 13.
Mechithar da Pietro, founder of
Mechitharists, XV. 774.
Mechitharists, Armenian monks,
XV. 774.
Mechlin, town, Belgium, xv. 774; lace
of, XIV. 188; Van Dyck's Crucifi.\ion
in cathedral, XXIV. 62.
Mechthild, of Magdeburg, mediaeval
mystic, XVII. 132.
Meckel, Johann Friedrich, German
anatomist, i. 814, 8i6; xxiv. 80S; on
evolution, viiL 750.
Mecklenburg, territory, Germany,
xv. 774.
Mecklenburg - Schwerin, grand-
duchy, Germany, xv. 774.
Mecklenburg - Strelitz, grand-
duchy, Germany, XV. 774.
Meconium, or Opium, xvii. 787.
Medallions, in Japanese art, xiii.
591.
Med.\ls, in numismatics, xvii. 630;
Italian, xvii. 657.
Medanos, sandhills, Peru, XVIII. 670.
Medea, in Greek legend, XV. 776; II.
497; XXIII. 294; myth of, xv. 202.
, play by Euripides, VIII. 675.
, opera by Cherubini, V. 587.
M^decin Malgr^ Lui, Moliere's play,
XVI. 629.
Medee, CorneiUe'a play, VI. 420.
MEDEENET-HABOO,'Egj-pt, Temples at,
VII. 780.
Medellin, town, Colombia, South
America, XV. 777.
MeDes, ancient Asiatic nation, xviii.
561.
Medford, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
-xv. 777.
Medhurst, Walter Henry, EnglisU
missionary, XV. 777.
Media, ancient country. Western Asia,
IIL 185; xviii. 561, 586. 592; under
Cyrus, VI. 752.
Median Apple, fruit, xvii. 810.
Medical Acts, xv. 798.
Medical Jurisprudence, xv. 778; iu
relation to poisons, XIX. 275.
Medical Relief, Poor Law, xix.
477-
Mediceo - Laurenzi.^na Library.
Florence, Italy, XIV. 530, 548.
Medici, House of, Italian noble family,
XV. 783, 794; XIIL 479; genealogical
table of, XV. 794 ; Michelangelo's
statues of the, XVI. 233.
, Alessandro dei (Pope Leo XL),
XIV. 452.
, Alessandro dei. ruler of Florence,
XV. 788.
, B'<!^i dei, Florentine noble, xv.
784.
' , Catherine dei, wile of Henry II.
of France, XI. 670; her influence on
France, IX. 556.
, Cosinio dei, the Elder, ruler of
Florence, XV. 7S4.
, Cosimo dei, grand-duke of Tus-
cany, XV. 789.
, Francesco dei, grand-duke of Tus-
cany, XV. 791.
, Giovanni Angelo (Pope Pius IV.),
XIX. 153'.
, Giovanni dei (Pope Leo X.), xiv.
450; xv. 787.
-, Giovanni dei, Florentine banker,
XV. 784.
, Giovanni dei (Delle Bande Nere),
Italian soldier, XV. 787.
Medici, Qiuliano dei, Florentine noble,
XV. 785. I
I , Giuliano dei, duke of Nemours,
XV. 787. i
, Giulio dei (Pope Clement VII.), v. ^
822; XV. 787.
— ^-j Ippolito dei, cardiual,'xv. 788.
, liorenzino dei, Florentine noble,
XV. 788.
— , Lorenzo dei, ruler of Florence, xv.
785; XIII. 480; his influence on Italian
literature, Xill. 507: in relation to the
Eenaissance, XX. 388; his relations
with Savoiiarola, XXI. 334; Roscoe's
Life of, XX. 849.
— , Mary dei, -nife of Henry IV. of
France, IX. 566.
fc , Piero dei, ruler of Florence, XV.
785.
— , Pietro dei, ruler of Florence, xv.
786; hi3 relations with Savonarola,
XXI. 335.
— — , Salvestro aei, Florentine noble,
-xv. 7S3.
Medicinal Earth, of Lemnos, xiv.
436.
Medicine, xv. 794 (embracing sj-n-
optical view, 794, and history, 799);
academies of, I. 77; faculty of, ifi uni-
versities, XXIII. 833; forensic, XV.
778; homoeopathic theory of, XII.
126; parasitism in, XViu. 269; Hindu
works on, XXI. 294; Hippocrates's
worka OT.; XI. 853; Paracelsus's teach-
ings, XVIII. 235; medical societies,
XXII. 226.
Medicine-Man, of North-American
Indians, XV. 200.
Medicines, of the pharmacopoeia, xvni.
730.
Medina, town, Arabia, xv. 817; xvi.
552, 588; pilgrimages to, XIX. 93.
, river. Isle of Wight, England,
XXIV. 562.
, Pedro de, writer on navigation,
XVII. 252.
Celi, Duke of, Spanish minister,
XXII. 333.
■ del Campo, town, Spain, xxiv.
43-
de Rioseco, town, Spain, xxiv.
43-
SiDONiA, town, Spain, xv. 819.
SiDONiA, Duke of, cofniander of
Spanish Armada, II. 543.
M^dine, to\vn, Senegal, Africa, xxi.
660.
Medinet-el-Feiyoom, to^vn, Egypt,
vii. 774.
MeDinet-Habu, Egypt, Temples at, Vll.
780.
Mediolanum (Saintes), ancient town,
France, xxi. 167.
(Milan), ancient town, Italy, xvi.
290.
Mediomatrica (Metz), ancient town,
France, xvi. 204.
M E D — M E K
Meditations, of Marcus Aurelius, in.
88.
on Philosophy, Descartes's work,
vii. 1^9.
Mediterranean Sea, xv. 819;
Ptolemy's geography of, XX. 94; birds
of. III. 755; fishes, XII. 679.
Mediums, Spiritualistic, vii. 63; xxii.
405.
Medjidia, town, Eoumania, vil. 309.
Medlar, tree and fruit, xv. 824; xii.
271.
M^DOC, district, France, xv. 824; vi-ine
of, xxiv. 604.
Medo-Persian Empire, xviii. 561.
Medricen, mausoleum in Algeria, II.
419.
Medulla Oblongata, xix. 35;
anatomy of, I. 870.
Medullary RA-i-s, in plants, iv. 102.
Medum, or Meydoom, Egypt, Pyramids
of, VII. 773; II. 3S6; XX. 122, 124.
Medusa, of Greek legend, x. 785; xvin.
560.
MEDUS.E, group of Hydrozoa, XII. 547,
550; cellular tissue of, XII. 9; organs
of touch in, XXIII. 478; phosphor-
escence of, XVIII. 814.
Medvyeditsa, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
Medway, river, England, xiv. 37.
Medwin, Captain, friend^ of Shelley,
XXI. 792.
Medyn, town, Russia, XV. S24.
Meeching (Newhaven), ancient town,
England, XVI I. 393.
Meer, Jan van dcr, Dutch painter, XV.
824.
Meerane, town. Saxony, XV. 825.
Meerman, Gerardus, on type-making,
XXIII. 692.
Meerschaum, mineral, xv. 825, 217;
XVI. 414; pipes made of, XIX. in.
Meerut, division and district, India,
XV. 825; XVII. 572; town, XV. 826.
Meester Cornelis, town, Java. xiil.
606.
Megabasite, mineral, XVI. 403.
Megabyzus, Persian general, XVIIl.
574-
Megacephalon, genus of birds, XV.
828.
Megachiroptera, suborder of mam-
mals, XV. 409.
Megacles, Athenian ruler, XIX. 130.
Megaderma, genus of bats, xv. 41 1.
MeGjICRA, one of the Furies, vin. 524.
Megalithic Age, ii. 33S.
Megalithic Remains, xxl 50; in
Morocco, XVI. 834.
Megalopolis, ancient town, Greece,
XV. 826.
MegalopolitaNS, Demosthenes's ora-
tion against the, VII. 69.
Megaloptera, group of insects, XIII.
151.
Megalosaurus, genus of reptiles, xx.
443-
285
MegaMaSTICTORA, division of sponges.
xxiL 421.
Megapode, family of .birds, XV. 827.
Megaptera, genus of cetacean mam-
mals, XV. 395; XXIV. 524.
Megara. town, Gi-eece, xv. 828; plain,
III. 59.
Megascleres, group of sponges, xxii.
416.
Megascolides, genus of worms, XXIV.
678.'
Megasthenes, Greek traveller in
India, XII. 786, 787.
Megatheriid.e, family of .fossil
edentate mammals, XV. 384.
Megatherium, extinct edentate mam-
mal, XV. S29, 385.
Mege-Mouries, his process of making
butter, IV. 592.
Megerlin (Abraham a Sancta Clara),
German satirist, I. 55; X. 531.
Meghaduta, Sanskrit poem, xiil. 829.
Meghna, river, India, xv. 830; xvn.
524.
Megiddo, plain, Palestine, XVIII. 171.
Megillath Antiokhos, Midrash, XVI.
286.
Megillath Taanith, Midrash, xvi.
286.
MegistaNES, order of birds, XVIII. 44.
Mehadia, town, Hungary, XV. 830.
Mehedia, town, Tunis, xxi:i. 620.
Mehemet Ali, ruler of Egypt, vii. 760;
IX. 621; XXIII. 649; his expedition
against the Arabs, 11. 260.
Mehlsack Towbr, Ravensburg, Ger-
many, XX. 297.
Mehul, Etienne Henri, French musical
composer, XV. 831; as symphonist,
XVII. 97.
Meibom, Heinrich, German historian,
XV. 831.
Meikle, Andrew, inventor of thrashing
machine, I. 325; XX. 402.
Meinberg, spa, Germany; XVI. 435.
Meinhard, prince of Tyrol, xxin.
712.
Meiningen, town, Germany, xv. 831;
XXL 348.
Meionite, mineral, xvi, 412.
Meirun, town, Palestine, X. 28
Meissen, town. Saxony, xv. 831.
, Mark of. Saxony, XXI. 352.
, Heinrich von, German poet, IX.
727-
Porcelain, xix. 639.
Meistersanger, German, x. 526;
guilds of, XVII. 83.
Meistersinger von NOrnberg,
Wagner's opera, XXIV. 316.
Mejerda, river, Tunis, xxiil. 619.
Mekhilto, piece of Mishnic litei.tture,
XVI. 507.
Me-Klong, or Maykaloung, town, Siam,
XXI. 853; river, XXI. 850.
Meknes, or Mcquinez, town, Morocco,
XVI. 29, S3O1
286
Mekong, river, Soiilh-Eastern Asia, xv.
832; IV. 725; VI. 94; XXI. 152, 851.
Mekran, district, Baluchistau, ill.
301.
Mel.4, Poniponiiis, Latm geographer,
XV. 832.
Mel.\conite, miueial, xvi. 3S5 ; vi.
347-
Mel.impodiD;E, Greek race, xvii.
320.
Melajipus, on pliysiognoray, xix. 4.
MeLancholi.^, disease, XIII. 104.
Melanchthon, Philip, German Ke-
iormer,XV.833; XX. 327; onediication,
vn. 673; his relations with Luther,
XV. 82.
Melanerpes, genus of birds, xxiv.
652.
Melanesia, island groups, South
Pacific Ocean, XV. 835 ; XIX. 418;
myths of the natives, XVII. 148.
JIelania, Koman matrou, friend of
Rufinus, XXI. 55.
Melanite, mineral, XVI. 411.
Melanochroic Type, of man, II. 113;
in Asia, II. 696.
Melanocorvpha, genus of bii'ds, Xiv.
316; XV. 467.
Melanosis, disease, xvin. 402.
MelanospeRME.-e, suborder of Algte, I.
50S.
Melanterite, mineral, XVI. 401.
Melaphvre, rock, x. 235.
Melassa, town, Asia Jlinor, v. 103.
Mklhourne, town, Victoria, Australia,
XV. S35 ; III. 114; library of, xiv.
550; observatory, xvii. 716; telesco]ie
in observatory, XXIII. 147; university,
XXIII. S56; XXIV. 218.
— , Second Viscount, Engli.sh states-
man, XV. 838; VIII. 366.
Melchiades, \m\\c, XV. 839.
Welchites, sect of the Greet Chuich,
XV. 839; XX. 631.
Melchizedek, of Scripture xv. 839.
Melcom BE Reg IS, town, England, XXIV.
522.
Melde's Experiments, on vibrating
string?^ 1. 112.
Meldi, tribe, Gaul, XV. 669.
Mele.\ger of Gadara, Uri'ik antho-
logist, II. 103.
Meleagrina Margaritifer.a, pearl
oyster, xviiL 446; shell of, XVii. 2.
Mele.\uris, genus cif biids, xix. 646;
XXIII. 657.
Melech, Semitic diviuity, XXIII. 237.
Meleda, island. Adriatic Sea, XV. 840.
Melegueta Pepper, di-ng, xi. 36.
Melendez Valdes, Juan, Spanish
poet, XV. 839.
Meles, genus of carnivorous mammals,
XV. 440.
, river, Sm)Tna, Asia Minor, XXII.
1S7.
Melesigenes, name for Homer, xii.
109.
M E K — M E N
Meletian ScHls.M, of early chiu-eh,
XIII. 630.
Melfi, town, Italy, xv. 840.
, Duke of, Austrian general, XVI.
778.
Melgh.\T, district, India, VIII. 148.
Melia, genus of trees, XVIII. 519.
Meliadus, in Arthurian Toniance, XX.
648.
Melian Earth, pigment, xv. 841.
Melilla, town, Morocco, xvi. 830.
MELlN.t, subfamily of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 439.
Melinophane, mineral, xvi. 418.
Melissa, wife of Periander, XVIII. 528.
Melissus, Eleatic philosopher, viiL 2.
.Melita, island, Mediterranean Sea, XV.
S40, 341.
M ELITE, Corncille's work, VI. 420.
Melitene, district, Cappadocia, Asia
Minor, v. 75.
, town, Asia Minor, XV. 320.
Melithreptus, genus of birds, xxiv.
S24.
Melito, bishop of Sardes, Cliristiau
apologist, XV. S40; on the canon, v. 6.
Melitopol, town, Eus.sia, xxiii. 83.
Melizophilus, genus of birds, xxiv.
553-
JIelkart, or Melkartli, Hie Tyrian
Hercules, iii. 175; xviii. 803; temple
of, at Tyre, xxin. 711.
Mellifont, Irela,nd, Abbey of, xv.
315-
Mellilite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Mellite, mineral, XVI. 42S.
Mellivor.\, genus of carnivorous
mammals, xx. 2SS.
Mello, Fontea Pereira de, Portuguese
statesman, XI.X. 554.
Melloni, Macedonio, Italian physicist,
XV. 840.
Melo, Francisco Manuel de, Spaiii.-^li
historian, XXII. 359.
Melocactl'S, gro\ip of Cattacea?, I v.
625.
Melodeon, musical instruu'cnt, xvii.
106.
Melodists, Greek liymn-vvriters, xil.
5 So.
Melody, in music, xvii. 77.
Melolontha Vulgaris, wheat pest,
XXIV. 536.
Melon, plant and fruit, XV. 841;, XII.
271; of Nusrabad, Persia, XVIII. 624.
Melonite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Melon-Thistle Cactus, plant, iv.
625.
Melonvcteris, genus of bats, xv. 410.
Melori.\, Italy, Battle of (1284), Xix.
120.
Melos, island, iEgean Sea, xv. 841.
Melpomene, Muse of tragedy, xvii.
74-
Melrose, town, Scotland", xv. 842;
architecture of abbey, II. 429.
MELIl.\Dts ^Melchiades), pope, XV. Sjg.
Melting of Metal, for castings, ix.
481.
Melton Mowbray, town, England,
XV. 842.
Melun, town, France, xv. 842.
Melusina, Legend of, xvi. 40.
Melville, Viscount, Scottish politician.
XV. 843.
— ■ — , Andrew, Scottish scholar and Ke-
foruier, XV. 843; XXI. 506; supporter
of Presbyterianism, XIX. 681..
, George Jolin Whyte, Scottisli
novelist, XV. 844.
, Sir James, Scottish' statesman,
XXI. 505.
, James, Scottish poet, XXI. 542.
, Lake, Labrador, North America,
XIV. 175.
Melvill van Carnbee, Pieter, Baron,
Dutch geographer, XV. S44.
Memel, town, Germany, XV. 845.
Memling, Hans, Flemish painter, XV.
845.
Me-MLOOKS, or Mamelukes, snltans and
be)s of Egypt, XV. 346; VII. 756;
massacre of, VII. 762, 764: defeat of,
by the Turks, XXIII. 643.
Memmi, Lippo, Italian painter, XV. 585.
, Simon (Simoue JIartini), Italian
painter, XV 585.
Mem.mingen, town, Bavaria, xv. 846.
Memnon, of ancient mythology, XV.
847; vocal statue of, II. 390; vil. 779.
, Rliodiau general, xv. 140; XVIII.
581.
Me.mnonia, Greek mortuai'y establisb-
menti, xvil. 20.
Memnonium, temple, Egypt, vii. 779;
II. 390; XV. 847.
Memons, Indian Moslem class, XII. 746.
Memorabilia, Xenophon's wort, xxiv.
721.
Memory, in psychologj-, xx. 47, 60;
loss of, in aphasia, II. 171; mnemonics
XVI. 532.
Memphis, ancient town, Egypt, xv. 847;
VII. 770 i Alexander's sacrifice and
triumph at, I. 482; mummies of, xvii.
21-'
. , town, Tennessee, U.S.A., XV. 847.
Mlmphitic, Egyptian dialect, VL 355.
Mena, Juan de, Spanish poet, XVI. i;
xxn. 355.
Menage, Gilles, French scholar, xvi. i;
I. 7S4; IX. 657; ana of, I. 784.
Menai Straits, AVale-s Bridges across,
IV. 334; XX 234.
Me-nam, river, Siam, XXI. 850.
MenanDER, Greek Jjoet, XVI. 2.
, Indo-Scythian king, XIV. 227;
XVIII. 599. .
, Syrian Gnostic, X. 703.
Protector, Byzantine historian,
IV. 612.
Menangkabau, ancient principality,
Sumatra, XXII. 639.
Mln-.'VT-.VKMS, II. 568.
M E N — ]\[ E R
287
Uencius, Chinese sage, xvi. 3.
Mendan.% Alvaro de, Spanish navi-
gator, X. 185; discoverer o£ Solomon
Islands, xxil. 253.
Islands (Marquesas), South
Pacific, XV. 564.
Mendel, David (August Neander),
German church historian, XVII. 304.
Mendelssohn, Dorothea, wife of
Friedrich Schlegel, XXL 409.
, Felix, German musical composer,
XVL 6; as symphonist, XVIL 97.
, Moses, German-Jewish philo-
sopher, XVL 9; X. 534; XIIL 680; XIV.
479; his controversy iv-ith Jacobi,
XIIL 537.
Mendere. river, Turkey in Asia, xxiii.
578-
Mendes, Gongalo, chancellor of Portu-
gal, XIX. 541.
Mendesian Goat, Egyvtian divinity,
VII. 717.
Mendibl'RU, General, Peruvianhistorio-
graphcr, XVIII. 675.
Mendicant Friars, i. 21; xvi. 710.
Mendicants, Btiddhist oixler of, iv.
434-
Mendip Hills, Somerset, England,
XXII. 257.
MENDlPrrE, mineral, XVi. 3S4.
Mendowg, king of the Lithuanians,
XIV. 702.
Mendoza, to-mi, Argentine republic,
XVI. 9.
, Antonio de, Spanish governor,
Mexico, XVI. 219.
, Antonio de, Peruvian viceroy,
XVIII. 677.
, Diego de,, Spanish ruler in Siena,
XXII. 42.
, Diego Hnriado de, Spanish i^oet
and historian, xvi. 9; XXII. 357, 359.
, Inigo Lopez de, marquis of Santil-
lana, Spanish poet, XXI. 300.
, Pedro de, his discoveries in South
America, II. 489.
Mendrisio, town, Switzerland, xxill.
35'-
Menec,^ France, Menhirs at, v. iio;
XXI. 51.
Meneghinite, mineral, xvi. 395.
Menelaus, in Greek legend, xvi. 10.
, Greek astronomer, XX. 88.
, Jewish high priest, XIII. 421.
Menes, king of Egj-pt, vii. 731.
Menesthei Portus, of Ptolemy, Spain,
XX. 99.
MiNEViLLE, Guerin, on silkworm
disease, xxil. 59.
Menezes, F. Xavier de, Portuguese
historian, XIX. 557.
Mengka, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417.
Mengo, Jerome, his Exorcist's Manual,
VII. 62.
Mengotti, Count Francesco, Italian
economist, xix. 363.
Mencs, Antony Raphael, German
painter, XVL 10.
Menhaden, fish, xvi. 10; oil from,
XVII. 747.
Menhirs, ancient stone monuments, 11.
3S3; IV. 118; XXL 51.
Meniere's Disease, Use of salicylate
of sodium in treatment of, XXL 217.
Menilek, son of the queen of Sheba, I.
65.
Menilite, mineral, xvi. 390.
Menin, town, Belgium, xvi. 11.
Meningitis, disease, xvi. 11.
Menippean Satires, of Varro, xxiv.
93-
Menippee, Satire, in Fi-cnch literature,
IX. 655.
Menkara, Egyptian King, vii. 733;
mummy of, xvil. 21;. pyramid of, XX.
123.
Menkaura, or Menkara, king of Egypt,
^'"- 733; mummy of, XVii. 21; pyra-
mid of, XX. 123.
Mennonites, Christian sect, xvi. 11;
L 787.
Menno Simons, founder of the Men-
nonites, XVi. 11; III. 354.
Meno, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 197.
Menoeranchus, genus of Amphibia,
L 756.
MENODONTID.E, fossil ungulate mam-
mals, XV. 429.
Menominee, river, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XII. 831; XVI. 340.
Menominees, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 831.
Menopoma, genus of Amphibia, 1.
759-
Menorath Hammaor. Midi-ash, xvi.
28S.
Menotti, Ciro, Italian politician, XIII.
486.
Menptah, king of Eg)-pt, vii. 739;
tomb of, at Thebes, XXIII. 622.
Menshikoff, Alexander Danilovich,
favourite of Peter the Great of Russia,
XVL 12; xx;. 98.
, Alexand(T Sergeievich, Russian
general, XVL 13.
Menstruation, xx. 40S.
Mensuration, xvi. 13.
Mental Alienation, xiii. 95; xv.
780.
Mental Association, ii. 730.
Mental Diseases, xiii. 95.
Mental Powers, of man, 11. 109.
Mental Reservation, xiv. 638.
Mental Science, xx. 37.
Mental Work, Diet for, vii. 204.
Mentapok, mountains, Nortli Borneo,
xxi. 123.
Mentawei Islands, Sumatra, xxii.
638, 639.
Menteith, district, Scotland, xvili.
667.
MENTELiN,Johan, early German printer,
xxiii. 688.
Mentha, genus of plants, xvi. 491;
xviii. 517.
Menthol, drug, xviii. 51S.
Mentho.m, spa, France, xxi. 332.
^IENT0N, or Mentone, town, France,
XVI. 28.
Mentor, Persian satrap, xviii. 580.
Mentu, Egyptian divinity, vn. 716.
Mentz (Mainz, q.v.), town, Hesse-Darm-
stadt, Germany, XV. 305.
Menura, genus of birds, XV. 1 15.
Menvid, Eric, king of Denmark, XL
450.
Menzel, Wolfgang, German poet and
historian, xri. 29.
Menzeleh, lake, Egypt, vii. 709.
Menzelinsk, ta\'m, Russia, XSIII.
717
Menzies, Michael, inventor 01 a thrasli-
ing-machine, i. 302.
Mephistopheles, xvi. '29.
Mephitis, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XXII. 126.
Mephitism, Death from, XV. 7S1.
Me-Ping, river,.'Siam, XXL 850.
Mequinez, town, Morocco, xvi. 29,
830.
Meragha, or Maragha (q.v.), toi^Ti,
Persia, xv. 525.
Meran, town, Tyrol, Austria, XVL 29.
Merapi, volcano, Sumatra, XXIL 638.
Merawi, town, Ethiopia, XVL 40.
Mercantile Marine, Laws affecang
seamen of the, XXL fo5; its connexion
with the navy, xvii. 289, 290.
Mercantile Syste.i, in economics,
XIX. 354.
Mercator, Gerardis, Belgian geo-
grapher, XVI. 30; XV. 520; his contri-
butions to cartography, XVII. 253;
globes constructed ly, X. 681.
— — , Romoldus, his contributions ta
cartography, XVII. 253.
Mercator's Projection, in maps, x.
208.
Mercedario, mountain. Chili, v. 616.
Mercedes, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
Merchandise Marks Act (1887),
XXIII. 49S.
Merchant Adventurers, Company,
XXI. 826,
Merchantmen, The, Aristophaues's
phy, II. 509.
Merchant Seamen, Laws affecting,
XXL 605.
Merchants of the Steelyard,
London, xxil 528.
Merchant Taylor's School, London,
XIV. 835.
Merchiston, Napiers of, Scottish
family, XVII. 177.
Mercia, ancient kingdom, England,
VIII. 270, 282.
Mercure de France, Paris news-
paper, XVII. 424.
Mercurial Air-Pump, xvi. 30; xix.
246.
288
M E R — M E S
Mercurian, Ebeihard, general of the
Jesuits, XIII. 653.
Mercurius, early English newspapers
of the name, xvil. 414.
(Pope John II.), XHI. 710.
Mercury, Roman god (the Greek
Hermes), XVI. 31; XI. 749.
— — , metal, XVI. 3!, 382; as chemical
element, v. 527; cyanide of, XX. 23;
ores of, XVI. 58; spectrum of, XXII.
376; sulphide of, native, v. 785; sur-
face tension of, v. 65 ; production
of, in U.S.A., XXIII. 816; use of, for
barometers. III. 381; use of, in medi-
cine, XVI. 34; in thermometry, XI.
564.
^^ — , planet, II. 777, 7S2, 700.
Mano.meter, XV. 495.
Vapour, Temperature of. XX.
131.
Merenra, Egyptian king. Mummy of,
XVII. 22.
Merewings (Merovingians), Frankish
dynasty, IX. 52S; X. 477.
Merganser, bird, xvi. 35.
Mergui, district and town, British
Burraah, XVI. 36.
Mergus, genus of birds, xvi. 35.
Merian, Madame, on the luminosity of
the lantern-fly, XIV. 290.
Merici, Angela de, founder of the
Ursuline order, XVI. 712; XXIV. 14.
Merid.\, town, Spain, XVI. 36; XXII.
307-
, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 139, 140.
, town, Yucatan, Mexico, XVI. 36,
214; population, XXIV. 758.
Meriden, towni, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
XVI. 37.
Meridian, in astronomy, 11. 764.
, in geography, X. 19S; measure-
ment of arc of, II. 792 ; vii. 597 ;
measureAent of direction of, X. 165.
, First, of different map-makers, XV.
521.
, Magnetic, xv. 220, 23^.
Altitudes, Observation of, at sea,
XVII. 268.
Circle, astronomical instrument,
XXIII. 515.
Meridians, C'onvergency of, in survey-
ing, XXII. 706.
Meridional Line, Division of, for
chait-making, XVii. 254.
Merim^e, Prosper, French novelist and
archa;ologist, xvi. 37.
Merinos, Eabbi (Rabbi Jonah), Jewish
philologist, XIII. 737.
Merino Sheep, Spanish breed, xxil.
300; introduced into England by
George III, I. 303; wool of, XXIV.
655.
Merioneth, county, Wales, xvi. 38;
representation, XXIII. 727.
Meristem, formative tissue of plants,
XII. 14.
Merlin, bird, ix. 3.
Merlin (Myrdhinn), Welsh bard, 11.
650; V. 318.
, in Arthurian romance, XX. 045.
Britannicus, on physiognomy,
XIX. 5.
Merluccius, genus of fishes, XI. 378.
Mermaids, in popular mythology, xvi.
39-
Mermaids' Purses, egg-cases of dog-
fish, VII. 332.
Mermen, in popular mythology, xvi.
39-
Mermis, genus of nematode worms,
XVII. 325.
Mermnad, dynasty of Lydian kings,
XI. 347.
MerodaCH, Assyrian divinity, XXUI.
237.
MerOE, town, Ethiopia, XVI. 40.
Merogenesis, bud - formation, in
growth of organisms, XPI. 555; XXIV.
I S3.
Merom, Waters of, Palestine, XIII, 746.
Merostomat.\, division of Crustacea,
VI. 662.
Merovingian Kings, Frankish d}'n-
asty, IX. 528; X. 477.
Merovingian Writing, xviii. 157.
Merrem, Blasius, on birds, xviii. 19;
on reptiles, XX. 436.
Merrett, Christopher, on birds, xvill.
4-
Merrimac, river, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XV. 611.
Merse, district, Scotland, 111. 612.
Merseburg, town, Germany, xvi, 41.
Mersenne, Marin, French philosopher
and musician, xvii. 88; xxin. 520;
correspojident of Descartes, VII. 116.
Mersey, river, England, xiv. 252, 712;
tunnel under, XXUI. 623.
, river. Nova Scotia, XVII. 601.
Mersina, town, Cilicia, Asia Minor, v.
777-
Merswin, Rulmann, German mystic,
XVII. 133, 486.
Merthyr Tydfil (or Tydvil), town,
Wales, XVI. 41.
Merton, England, Synod of (1255),
vilL 373-
College, Oxford, xviii. 97.
Mertvv Kultuk, bay, Caspian Sea,
V. 177.
Meru, Aiyan paradise. Central Asia,
XVIII. 102.
, mountain. Eastern Africa XIV. 73.
, or Merv, town. Central Asia, XVI.
41; XXIII. 512.
Merula, genus of birds, xxiii. 322.
Merv, town. Central Asia, xvi. 41;
XXIIL 512; wall of Antiochus at,
XVIII. 587.
Merveille, La, abbey, Mont St Michel,
France, xvi. 797.
Merwa, hill, Mecca, xv. 674.
Mervi^an I., caliph, xvi. 569.
— ^ II., caliph, XVI. 576.
M^RVON, Charles, French etcher, xvi.
44.
, Charles Lewis, physician, bio-
grapher of Lady Hester Stanhope,
xxii. 450.
Mesaa, plant, Arabia, 11. 236.
Mes.\TIS, settlement, Greece, xvili.
410.
Meschervaks, or Meschers, people,
Russia, XVI. 45; XXI. 115.
Meschovsk, town, Russia, xvi. 46.
Mesembrvanthemum, plant, xil. 263.
Mesene, kingdom, Mesopotamia, xvi.
51-
Mesha, king of Moab, xill. 407; xvi.
534; Hebrew inscription of, XXI. 645.
Meshech, of Scripture, xiii. 593.
Meshed, town, Persia, xvi. 46; xviii.
618, 626, 628; pilgrimages to, xrx. 93.
Meshed-Ali, town, Asiatic Turkey,
XVI. 46.
.Meshhed-Hosein (Kerbela), town,
Asiatic Turkey, xiv. 48.
Meshiha-Zekha, Syriac \vTiter, XXII.
838.
Meshik, mountains, Transcaucasia,-
Russia, XXIII. 513.
Meshra.\t .al-Ksiri, town, Morocco,
XVI. 832.
Mesihi, Turkish poet, xxiii. 656.
Mesjid-i-Jum.\, Mosque of, Herat,
Afghanistan, XI. 714.
Mes.mer, Friedrich Anton, founder of
mesmerism, xv. 277.
Mesmerism, xv. 277; 11. 505; Harriet
Martineau on, xv. 584.
Mesne Process, in law, xix. 789.
Mesnevi, Turkish poem, XXIII. 656.
MesoBLAST, layer of tissue in animal
embryo, II. 51; viii. 747; XXII. 106-
Mesol.\, town, Greece, xvi. 53.
MesOLITE, mineral, XVI. 423.
Mesolonghi, or Missolonghi, to\ra,
Greece, xvi. 524.
Mesoplodon, genus of cetacean mam-
mals, XV. 397.
Mesopotamia, country. Western Asia,
XVI. 47; III. 183; XXIII. 653.
, Parthian kingdom of, XVIII. 59a.
Mesostates, in physiology, XIX. 19,
Mesot»ERIUM, fossil ungulate mam-
mal, XV. 427.
MeSowah (Ma.'^owah), town on Red
Sea, XV. 6ig.
Mesozoic Period, Mammals of, xv.
375-
Mesozoic Rocks, x. 352.
Mespila, ancient town, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 868.
Mespilus, genus of trees, XV. S24.
Mesques, mountains, Transcaucasia-
Russia, XXIII. 513.
Messa, town, Morocco, XVI. 831.
Messala Corvinus, friend and patron
of TibuUus, XXJII. 348.
Messalians, Eastern ascetics, xvi.
701.
M E S — M E T
289
Messalina, -wife of the emperor
Claudius, \.S\7; XVII. 348.
Messana, or Mcssiiia, town, Sicily, XVI.
56; XXII. 20, 31.
Messapians, ancient Italian people,
XIII. 443; their language, XIV. 327.
Messaria, plain, Cyprus, VI. 747.
Messchert, Willem, Dutch poet, xy.
97-
Messedaglia, Angelo, Italian econo-
mist, XIX. 394.
Messeix, coal-mines, France, XX. 120.
Messene, ancient town, Greece, xvi.
52; coins of, XVII. 643.
Messenia, state, Greece, xvi. 52.
Messenius, Johannes, Swedish drama-
tist, XXII. 754.
Messiah, xvi. 53, 315; xiii. 657; ques-
tion of his identity with Isaiah's Ser-
vant of Jehovah, XIII. 382.
, Handel's oratorio, XI. 436.
, Klopstock's poem, X. 535 ; Xiv.
109.
Messiahs, False, in i.st century, xxii.
78, 80.
Messina, town, Sicily, xvi. 56; xxil.
20, 31..
, Straits of, Sicily, xxil. 29.
Messiras, African race, V. 281.
Mesta, La, Spanish corporation, XXII.
334-
Mestizo, issue of wliite and Negro or
Indian, XVII. 319; II. 494
Mesua, Arabic physician, XV. S05.
Meta, river. South America, XVII. 844.
Metabolism, pliysiological process,
XIX. 13, 49; of tissues and glands,
XVII. 679, 6S2; in plants, XIX. 49.
, Diseases of, xviil. 3S5.
Metacentre, in hydrostatics, xil.
443-
Metachirus, group of mar,!upiai mam-
mals, XVII. 796.
Metallic Beetle, vi. 132.
Metalloids, x. 222; spectra of, xxii.
375
Metallurgy, xvi. 57; of lead, xiv.
375; Plattner's cuntri'nitions to, xix.
213-
Metals, xvi. 63; x. 222; alloys of, i.
58S; elasticity of, Vll. Soo; electric
conductivity of, VIII. 51; expansions
of, XI. 582; extraction of, from their
ores, XVI. 57; paramagnetic and dia-
magnetic, xv. 263; spectra of-, XXIL
375; strengths of, .VII. 816; structure
of, XVI. 63; transmutation of, 1. 461.
Metal-Work, xvi. 71; niello, xvii.
494; in plate, XIX. 17S; Japanese,
XIIL 591; ancient Mexican, XVI. 213;
Venetian, xxiv. 1 56.
Metamorphic Rocks, x. 263, 314,
372.
Metamorphoses, of Apuleius, 11. 215.
, Ovid's, XVIII. 80.
Metamorphosis, in biology, xvi. 79,
837; of the asolotl, xxil. 96; of
25 — 14
insects, xii. 573; Xlll. 146; animal,
myths of, XV. 89.
Metapan, town, Salvador, Central
America, XXI. 268.
Metaphor, in rhetoric, xx. 513.
Metaphrastes, Symeon, Byzantine
hagiographcr, XXII. 811.
Metaphvsic, or Metaphysics, XVI. 79;
xviii. 792; in relation to logic, XIV.
7S5, 798; to psychology, XX. 37; to
theolog)-, XXIII. 268; of Aristotle, II.
521; contributions to, by Hamilton,
XI. 417; by Locke, XIV. 757; Herbart
on, XI. 718; Herder on, XL 729;
Kant's, XIII. 848; Lotze'.s, XV. 14;
Spinoza on, xxil. 402.
, Institutes of, by Ferricr, IX. no.
Metapontum, town, JIagua Grcecia,
Italy, XVI. 103; XV. 37.
Metastasio (Pietro Trapassi), Italian
poet and dramatist, xvi. 103; Xlii.
5'3-
Metatheria, division of Mammalia,
XV. 371,378.
Metaurus, Italy, Battle of (207 B.C.),
XL 444; XX. 750.
Metaxite, mineral, XVI 414.
Metayage, system of land tenure, I.
414; XIV. 268.
Metazo.\, division of the animal king-
dom, II. 51; XIX. 830; skeletal condi-
tions of, XXIL 106.
Metcalfe, Lord, British administrator,
XV i. 105.
Metchetnove, town, Eussia, xvii.
504.
Metellus, Quiutus Ciecilius, Celer,
Roman prtetor, XVI. 106.
, Quintus Cfficilius, Macedonicus,
Roman prEetor, XVI. 106.
, Quintus Crecilius, Numidicus,
Roman general, XVI. 106; xill. 767;
XX. 758.
, Quintus Ctecilius, Pius, Roman
general, XVI. 106.
, Quintus Cfficilius, Pius Scipio,
Roman general, XVI. 106.
Metemme (Galabat), to^vn, Upper
Egypt, X. 17.
Metempsychosis, transmigration, xvi.
106; XV. 91 ; Hindu doctrine, XXI.
2S9; XXIV. U7; Pythagorean, XX. 139.
Meteor, xvl 107, 112; possible con-
nexion with the aurora. III. 98; with
comets, II. Sir.
Meteora, group of monasteries, Thes-
saly, XVI. 114; XXIII. 299.
Meteoric Iron, xiii. 285.
Meteorite, or Aerolite, xvi. loS, 112;
xviii. 126; xxil 649; carbon in, v.
86.
Meteoboids, xvi. 109.
Meteorological Tides, xxiii. 365.
Meteorology, xvi. 114; its connexion
with navigation, xvii. 263; thermo-
meters used in, XXIII. 290; terrestrial
magnetism, xvi. 159; contributions
to the science by Deluc, vil. 54; by
Fitzroy, ix. 272; by Henry, xi. 675;
by Leverrier, XIV. 4S7; by Saussure,
XXI. 324 ; meteorological societies,
XXIL 225.
Metge, Bernat, Catalan writer, xxil.
364-
Methane, normal paraffin, v. 558.
, volcano, Greece, XI. 82.
Metheglin, or Hydromel, beverage
from honey, XII. 137.
Methides, Metallic, xvi. 197.
Method, Discourse of, Descartes's, vn.
119.
Methodism, religious organization,
XVI. 185; English, VIII. 378; Wesley's
founding of, xxiv. 504.
, Roman system of medicine, XV.
802.
Methodius, St, apostle of the Slavs,
XVI. 194.
, bishop of Tyre, early hymn-writer,
XII. 579.
Methuen, John, English envoy to.
Portugal, XIX. 549.
Treaty' (1703), xix. 549;jXXIM
336
Methyl, in chemistry, xvi; 194.
Methvlamines, in chemistrj*, SS5^
196.
Metpiylphosphines, in- chemistry,'
XVI. 197.
Methymna, town, Lesbos, Asia Jlinor,
XIV. 474.
Methysticin, vegetable 1 crystalline
principle, XIV. 18.
Metics, foreign settleis in-*'Athensi
Solon's treatment of, XXII. 255.
Metidja, plain, Algeria, I. 563.
Metilin (Lesbos), island, jEgean Sea«
Turkey, XIV. 474.
Metius, James, his relation to inven-
tion of the telescope, XXIH. 136.
Metkari Holdings, India, L 437.
Metonic Cycle, in astronomy, 11. 747J
IV. 668.
Metopes, Greek sculptures, II. 349.
MetopOSCOPY, in physiognomy, XIX. 4;
Metre, in poetry, xix. 258.
, standard of length, xxiv. 4S0; vii.'
606.
Metretes, Greek measure, xxiv. 4S5.
Metrical Theory, in geometry, x.
411, 416-
Metric System, -.'of weights and
measures, xxiv. 490.
Metrodorus, friend of Epicurus, vill.
472.
Metronome, indicator of rate of time
in music, xvi. 198.
Metroon, temple at ancient Olympia,
Greece, xvii. 769.
Metropolitan, ecclesiastical dignitary,'
III. 787J bishops, XIX. 490.
— — Board of Works, London, xiv,
820.
Railways, London, xx. 2391
290
]M E T — M I C
Metroxylon, genus of trees, XXI.
148.
MetsU, Gabriel, Dutcn painter, XVI.
198.
MetterNICH, Clemens Wenzeslaus,
Prince, Austrian statesman, xvi. 199;
III. 134; his interview with Napoleon,
XVII. 219.
Metit.ie, Julien Offray de la, French
writer, XIV. 243; IX. 668.
Metz, town, German Lorraine, XVI.
303; siege of (1552), IX. 559; siege
of (1870), IX. 627; acjueduct at, II.
221.
Metzgeria, genus of liverworts, xvil.
66.
MetzgerspRiUNG, popular fete, at
Miinich, Bavaria, XVII. 26.
Metztli, Mexican deity, XVI. 211.
-Meudon, Paris, Observatory at, XVII.
712.
Meulen, Antony Francis van der,
Flemish painter, XVI. 204.
Meung, Jean de, early French wn-iter,
IX. 643.
Mei;rthe-et-Moselle, departnaent,
France, xvi. 204.
Meurvin, romance, XX. 652.
Meuse, department, France, XVI. 205.
, or Maas ((/'.«.), river, France, Bel-
gium, and Holla^id, xvi. 205.
Meuselv/itz, town, Germany, xxi.
347-
Mew, bird, XI. 274.
Me-wang, river, Siam, XXl. 850.
Mewar,' state, India, XX. 260; xxiii.
716.
Mexican Language (Aztec), Diction-
aries of, VII. 193.
Mexico, country. North, America; xvi.
206; ancient annals of, I. 694; monu-
iments, 11. 451; mythology, xvii. 150;
jjottery, xix. 633; races, I. 691; con-
quest of, by Cortes, v i. 441.
, modern republic, xvi. 214; I. 714;
levolt of, from Spain, I. 710; war
-with ynited States, XXIII. 767; inter-
rOiereuce of France in, IX. 625; under
.Maximilian, xv. 645 ; Indian races
«f, XII. 828; libraries, XIV. 536, 551;
mines, xvi. 471 ; observatory at
Tacubaya, XVII. 715; prison system,
XIX. 761; railways, XX. 252; weights
and measures, xxiv. 490.
, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
, capital of Mexico, XVI. 220.
^ , Gulf of, XXIV. 510.
Mevdoom, or Medum, Egypt, Pyramid
of, VII. 773; II. 3S6; XX. 122, 124;
mummies of, XVII. 21.
Meyer, Conrad, pianoforte maker, xix.
77.
, H. L., illustrator of birds, xvill.
18.
, 0. E., on the friction and viscosity
of gases, XVI. 619J on viscosity, XIX.
348.
Meyerbeer, Giaconio, German musical
composer, xvi. 222.
Meyer-Merian, T., Swiss uoet, xxii.
799-
Mezankoorie, silkworm, xxn. 60.
IVlEZEN, river, Russia, XXI. 73.
Mezenc, mountain, Cevenues, France,
y. 35S,
Mezeray, Francois Eudes de, Frencn
historian, IX. 660.
Mezereon, plant, xiv. 349.
Mezetsk, town, Russia, XV. 824.
Mezha, rirei', Russia, XXII. 1S3.
Mezieres, town, France, xvi. 223.
, Marie Jean Laboras de (Madame
Riccoboni), French novelist, XX. 538.
Mezoiiorto, Husain, Algerine pirate,
I. 566.
Mezo-Tur, town, Hungary, xvi. 223.
Mezuza, Jewish prayer-box, xix. i.
Mezzadri.\, Milanese system of land
leases, xvi. 293.
Mezzofanti, Giuseppe, Italian linguist,
XVI. 223.
Mezzotint Engraving, viii. 445 ;
shading, for surveys, XXII. 710.
Mganga, African sorcerer, XV. 200.
Mglin, town, Russia, xxiii. 96.
MiAKO (Kioto), town, Japan, XIV. 92.
MlAMis, American-Indian tribe, XII.
831.
Mian Mir, cantonment, India, xiv.
212.
MiAOLTLls, Andreas Vokos, Greek naval
leader, XI. 125.
Miargyrite, mineral, xvi. 394.
MlAUTSE, tribe, China, XVI. 223.
Mica, mineral, X. 228; XI. 48; colours
of, XXIV. 450; deposits of. North
Carolina, U.S.A., XVii. 560.
MlCAH, Old Testament prophet, xvi.
224; XIX. 817.
, Syriac wn-iter, XXII. 830.
MICALE, Asia Minor, Naval battle of,
(479 B.C.), xviii. 573.
Mic.a-Magnesia, mineral, xvi. 412,
413-
MiCA-ScHisT, rock, x. 231, 236.
Mica-Slate, rock, x. 236.
Michael, of Scripture, XVI. 226.
I.-VII., Byzantine emperor.', XVI.
226.
VI 1 1. -IX., Byzantine emperors,
XVI. 227.
, prince of Servia, XXI. 6S9.
, voivode of Walachia, XXI. 1 7.
, Syriac writer, XXII. 851.
of Cesana, general of Franciscans,
XVIL 717.
, St, and St George, Order of, xiv.
124.
Romanoff, czar of Russia, xxi.
95-
Scantbeard, Osmanli general,
XXIII. 640.
WiSNiowiECKI, king of Poland,
XIX. 295. .
MiCHAELis, Christian Benedict, German
Orientalist, xvi. 227.
, Johann David, German Orientalist,
XVI. 227.
, Johann Heinrich, German Orient-
alist, XVI. 227.
MiCHARiNO, Siijnese painter, XXII. 44.
MiCHAUD, Joseph, French historian and
publicist, XVI. 228.
MiCHAUX, Andre, French botanist, XVI.
228.
, Francois Andre, French writer on
forestry, XVI. 229.
Michel, Claude, French sculptor, Xi'.i.
563.
Michelangelo, Italian jainter, sculp-
tor, and architect, XVI. 229; II. 438;
XXI. 435, 569; as fresco painter, IX.
773; Perugino's jealousy of, xvii:.
681; his relations with Leonardo da
Vinci, XIV. 457, 459; with Raphael,
XX. 275; with Sebastiano del Piombo,
. XXI. 615.
Michelet, Jules, French historian,
XVI. 235; IX. 681.
Micheletto, Don, Italian bravo, XV.
148.
MiCHELL, Francis, degraded from
knighthood, XIV. 125.
, John, English scientist, XVi. 237.
MlCHELOZzi, Michelozzo, Italian sculp-
tor and architect, XVI. 237.
MiCHELSON, A., on the velocity of light,
XXIV. 459.
MICHIELI, Vitale, doge of Venice, XXIV.
142.
Michigan, State, U.S.A., xvl 237.
, Lake, North America, XIV. 217;
XXI. 17S, 182.
City, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xvi.
241.
Michmash, of Scripture, xvi. 241.
Michoacan, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
MiciPSA, Niuiiidian prince, XIII. 766;
XVII. 627.
MiCKlEWicz, Adam, Poli>-h poet, XVI.
241; XIX. 304.
MiCKLE, William Julius, Scottisli poet,
XVI. 242.
Fell, mountain, England, xxiv.
513, 746.
Micon, Greek miu-al painter, xv;i. 41.
MICOUREIJS, group of marsupial mam-
mals, XVII. 796.
Microbes, minute organisms, xxi. 398.
MiCROCHlROPTERA, suborder of Mam-
malia, XV. 410.
Micrococcus, genus of Bacteria, xxl
399-
MiCROCODON, genus of Rotifera, XXI. 4.
Microcosmography, Bishop Earle's
work, VII. 596.
Microcosmos, Heylin's work, xi. 785.
I\1icrofarad, electric unit of measure-
ment, xxill. 116.
Microgale, genus of insectivorous!
mammals, xv. 405.
MiCROLINE, mineral, XVI. 419.
MICROLITE. mineral, xvi. 426.
MiCROJiASTicroRA, division of sponges,
XXII. 421.
Micrometer, scientihc instrument, xvi.
242; XXII. 718; use of^ in astronomy,
II. 755; for the microscope, XVI. 277.
MiCROMONACHA, genus of birds, XX.
loi.
Micronesia, islands. Pacific Ocean, xvi.
256; XIX. 41S.
Microphone, Telephonic, xxiii. 129,
Microphytes, mmute organisms, xxi.
398
MicropTERUS, genus of birds, XIX.
252.
MIcroscleres, group of sponges, XXII.
416.
Microscope, optical instrument, xvi.
258; XIV. 594; XVII. S06; its, use in
anatomical study, I. 817; in histologi-
cal, XII. 10; in zoological, xxiv. Soi,
S15; graduation of, XI. 28; ita use in
surveying, XXII. 718; improvements
on, by Amici, I. 738; Leeuwenlioek's
discoveries with, XIV. 410; Malpighi's
observations with, XV. 338; micro-
scopical societies, XXII. 225.
MlCROSElSMOMETER, earthquake indi-
cator, XXI. 629.
MICROSOMMITE, mineral, XVI. 412.
Microspores, in plant development,
XX. 424.
Microstoma, genus of fishes, xxi. 222,
224.
LiNEARE, planarian woim, xix.
174.
Midas, king of Phrygia, XVI. 278;
xviii. 849; tomb of, 11. 347.
■ , genus of apes, II. 155.
Middelburc, towni, Holland, xvi.
278; population, XXIV. 772.
MlDDENDORF, Alexander Theodov von,
Russian Arctic explorer, Xlk. 320.
MiDDENDORFF, German educationist.
IX. 793.
Middens,. Kitchen, prehistoric shejl-
heaps, II. 116.
Middle Ages, Characteristics of the,
XX. 3S0.
Middle AgeSj Hallam's History of the,
XI- 393
I.IiDDLEBOROUGH, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XVI. 278.
MiDDLEHAM Castle, Yorkshire, Eng-
land, XXIV. 749.
Middlesbrough, town, England, xvi.
278; XXIV. 747, 748; salt-mine, xxi.
231-
Middlesex, coimty, England, xvi.
279; representation,,xxiil, 727.
Middle Temple, legal society, London,
XIII. 87, 89.
Middleton, toAvn, England, xvi. 282.
, Earl of, Scottish statesman, xxi.
515-
M 1 C — M I U
Middleton, CaptainChristopher, Arctic.
explorer, xix. 318.
, Conyers, English divine, xvi.
282.
, Thomas, English dramatist, xvi.
282; VII. 432; influence bf Fletcher
on, III. 474.
Middletown, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., XVL 283.
, town. New York, U.S.A., xvi.
2S4
Midge, insect, Xlll uo; wheat midge,
XXIV. 535.
Midhurst, town, England, xvi. 284;
XXII. 724.
Midian, of Scripture, xvi. 284.
Midianites, people, Palestine, xviii.
175-
Midi d' Ossau, Pic du, Pyrenees,
France, IX. 505.
Midlothian (Edinburgh), county,
Scotland, VII. 656.
Midnapur, or Midnapoor, district and
to^vn, India, XVI. 284.
Midrash, Jewish WTitings, XVI. 285;
I. 55; XI. 742; XXIIL 35.
Midshipman, Naval, his duties, xvii.
293-
Midsomer-Norton, town, jingland,
XXII. 258.
M»summer Night's Dream, Shake-
speare s play, x.xi. 764.
Midsummer Night's Dreaji, Men-
delssolurs opera, xvi. 7.
JMlDWiFERY, department of niredicine,
XV. 797; use of anesthetics in, I. 7S9.
Mieczvslaw I.-II., kings of Poland,
XIX. 2S6.
III., of Poland, XIX. 2S7.
MiEDZYRZECZ PODLASKI, town, Poland,
XVI. 28S.
MIEMITE, mineral, XVI. 3971.
MiERis, family of Dutclj, painters, xvi.
288.
MlESROC, Armenian scholar, II. 550.
Migliorati, Cosimo de (Pope Inno-
cent VII.), xiii. 84.
, Lviigi, Roman assassin, XX. 804.
Mignard, Pierre, French portrait
painter, XVi. 289.
aIignonette, plant, xvi. 289.
Migraine, disease, xvii. 364.
Migration, of birds, in. 764; of insects,
XIV. 765; of lemmingf?, xiv. 436; of
mammals, vii. 276; instinct in. xiii.
159.
Miguel, JIaria Evarist, claimant of
Portuguese throne, xvi. 290; regent
of Portugal, XIX. 552.
Migulinskaya, Cos.=ack village, Russia,
XVI. 290.
Mihr Narseh, Persian general, xviii.
610.
Mikado, the emperor of Japan, xill.
581.
Mikha, SjTiac writer, XXII. 830.
Mikhailoff, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
291
MiKHAiLOVSK, town, ' Transcaspian
Region, Russia, XXIII. 513.
MiKHAiLOVSKAYA, Cossack village,
Russia, XVL 290.
MiKHNAF, Abu, Arab historian, xxill. 2.
Ml-KlANG, river, Corea, VI. 391.
Milan, Duchy of, Italy, xiii. 478.
, town, Italy, xvi. 290 ; its resist-
ance to Frederick Barbarossa, XI It.
471; its rivalry with Pavia, XIII.
469; cathedral of, 11. 436; church of
San Ambrogio, II. 435; libraries, Xiv.
530, 548; observatory, XVII. 713; its
school of painting, XXI. 437, 443;
picture galleries, XXI. 447; sculpture,
XXI. 568.
, king of Servia, XXI. 689.
Milarite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Milazzo, town, Sicily, XVI. 293.
MiLCOM, god of the Ammonites, XVI.'
696
Mildew, fungn.s xvi. 293; xviii. 266. 1
Mile, measure of length, xxiv. 485.
Miles, Mrs, American hymu-WTiter,'
XII. 596.
Milesians, early Irish tribe, v. 299;
XIII. 244.
Milesian Tales, Greek, xx. 634.
MiLETOPOLis, Lake of, Mysia, Asia
Minor, XVIL 122.
Miletus, town, Asia Minor, xvi. 294;
XXII. 186; coins of, xvii. 647.
Milf.ord, town, Wales, xvi. 294; xviii.
482.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xvi.
295.
Milhamoth Adonai, Ben Gerson's
work, x. 550.
Milhau, or Millau, town, Prance, xvi.
314-
Miliary Fever, xxii. 735.
Milicz, Johann, Moravian preacher,
XVI. 295.
MiLioLiDEAj order of Protozoa, xix. 846.
Military cThaplains, of British army,
II. 584.
Military Diet, vil 212.
Military Frontier, district, Austria,
xvi. 295.
Military History, Study of, xxiv.;
345-
MiLiTARY Hospitals, xii. 306.
Military Law, xvi. 295; in British
army, II. 587.
Military Privileges, in Roman law.
XX. 705.
Military Service, Feudal, x"v. 114;
as a tax, IX. 176.
Military Strategy, xxiv. 349.
Military Tactics, xxiv. 353; of
artillery, II. 667; modem changes in,
II. 555.
Militia, of United Kingdom, xvi. 299;
II. 567; MachiaveUi's plan of a, xv.
147.
Militsch, or Milicz, Johann, Moraviau,
preacher,xvi. 295.
292
M I L — M I N
MiLlTZA, Servian heroine, xxi. 689.
Milk, xvi. 301; vi. 768; adulterations
of, I. 168; as an article of diet, vii.
202; composition of, IV. 591; v. 455;
fermentation of, IX. 92, 97; sugar in,
XXII. 624; of the ass, II. 717; of the
goat, X. 710.
OF Sulphur, xxii. 635.
Milky Way, The, 11. 818.
Mill, Flour, IX. 344.
, Iron Rolling, XIII. 328.
, James, English historian and philo-
sopher, XVI. 306; XIX. 377.
— — , Jolin, New Testament critic, XVI.
307.
, John Stuart, English philosopher
and politician, XVI. 307; his inter-
pretation of analogy, I. 791 ; on
mental association, II. 734; on axioms,
III. 160; as economist, XIX. 378; his
ethical teacliing, VIII. 607; on govern-
ment, XI. 17; on the character of Jesus
Christ, XIII. 670; his logic, XIV. 793;
his relations with Comte, VI. 231.
M I LLAR, WiUiam, collector of pamphlets,
XVIII. 205.
MiLLAU, town, France, xvi. 314.
MiLLBANK Prison, London, xix. 748.
MiLLEDGEVlLLE, town, Georgia, U.S.A.,
X. 436.
MiLLE Lacs, lake, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XVI. 476.
Millenarianism, in eschatology, xvi.
315. 317; viiL 534; xvin. 427; XX.
497-
Millennium, xvi. 314; viii. 535.
Millepedes, order of Myriapoda, v.
340; xvii. 118; as wheat pests, xxiv.
.536.
Miller, Hugh, Scottish geologist, xvi.
318.
, William, American millenarian,
XVI. 320.
, William, Scottish engraver, MVI.
320.
Miller - Casella Thermometer,
XXIII. 291.
Millerite, mineral, xvi. 392.
MiLLERlTES, American' religious sect,
xvi. 320.
Miller's Thumb, fish, xvi. 320; xii.
690.
MlLLES, Syriac writer, XXII. 827.
ET Amys, romance, xx.- 652.
Millet, cereal, xvi. 321.
-^^, Indian, or Durra, vii. 564; XII.
748.
, Jean Francois, ' French painter,
XVL 321; IX. 700, 701.
Milling Machine, for cutting teeth
of wheels, xv. :56.
Millioni, Marco, sobriouet of' Marco
Polo, XIX. 407.
MiLLO, Tower of, Jerusalem. Xlli.
639-
Millon'S Base, compound of mercury,
XVI. 34.
Mills, Flour, ix. 344.
, Iron Rolling, xill. 328.
, John, originator of the French
Encyclopedic, VIII. 197.
Millstone Grit, rock, x. 349.
Millstones, ix. 344.
Millville, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XVI. 322.
Milman, Henry Hart, dean of St
Paul's, English historian, dramatist,
and poet, XVI. 323; hymns by, XII.
595-
Milnathort, town, Scotland, xiv. 92.
Milne-£d\vards, Alphonse, on birds,
xviii. 36.
Milne-Edw.\rds, Henri, his zoological
classification, xxiv. 8og.
Milngavie, town, Scotland, xxil.
554-
MiLO, Greek athlete, XVI. 323.
(Melos), island, jEgeau Sea, xv.
841.
, Titus AnniUs Papianus, Roman
partisan leader, xvi. 323.
MiLOSCHiN, mineral, xvi. 424.
Milosh Obilich, Servian hero, XXI.
6S9.
MiLOSH Oerenovich, prince of Servia,
XXI. 6S9.
Miltiades, Athenian general, xi. 99.
, pope, XV. 839.
Miltitz, Carl von, papal legate, xv.
73-
Milton, Christopher, brother of the
poet, XVI. 339.
, Frances (Mrs Trollope), English
wTiter, xxill. 585.
, John, Ejiglish poet, XVI. 324; on
educatiou, vii. 675; hymns by, XII.
592 ; pamphlets of, XVIII. 20; ; as
pastoral poet, XVIII. 347; influence of
the Renaissance on, XX. 393; his
epitaph on Shakespeare, Viil. 495; his
sonnets, XXII. 262; his place in
English literature, VIII. 424; his
place in epic poetry, XIX. 267; his
probable indebtedness to Ochino, xvii.
720; his controversy with Salmasius,
XXI. 220.
Abbey, Dorset, England, vii. 372.
Miltsin, Mount, Morocco, III. 27.
Milutin, king of Servia, XXI. 688.
Milutinovich, Simeon, Servian poet,
XXI. 691.
Milvian Bridge, near Rome, iv. 329;
batt-le of (312 A.D.), VI. 299.
MiLVUS, genus of birds, xiv. 103.
Milwaukee, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XVI. 340; population, xxiv. 617.
MiLVANS, ancient people of Lycia, XV.
92-
MiLZOW, Gerhard, Norse writer, xvil.
5S9.
MiMAMSA, Hindu system of philosophy,
XXI. 289.
Mimes, or Mimi, in Boman drama, vii.
409, 412.
MiMETA, group of birds, XVII. 844.
Mimetesite, mineral, XVI. 407.
Mimic Beetles, vi. 127, 131.
Mimicry, in biology, xvi. 341.
MiMNERMUS, Greek poet, xvi. 345;
XXII. 186.
Mimocichla, genus of birds. XXIIL
3=2-
Mimosa, genus of plants, xvi. 345;
XIX. 62: bark of, for tanning, Xiv.
3S1.
MiMUS, genus of birds, xvi. 540.
Mina, Greek money, xvii. 631.
, ancient weight, XXIV. 487.
Min.ean Language, Arabia, xxiv.
740.
MiNAHASSA, district, Celebes, V. 289.
Minamoto, Japanese clan, xill. 582.
Minas Novas, colourless topazes, xxiii.
446.
MiNCio, river, Italy, X!ll. 436.
Mincopie, race of people, Andamaa
Islands, Asia, II. 12.
Mind, Science of, xx. 39; evolution of,
VIII. 770; in relation to phrenology,
XVIII. 842; Descartes on, v. 145;
Hegel's philosophy of, XI. 620; Hume's
theory, XII. 352; Xenocrates's theory,
XXIV. 71S.
Mindanao, island, Philippines, XVIIL
74S, 751.
Minden, town, Prussia, xvi. 345; battU
of ('759). HI- 128; IX. 590.
, or Miinden, town, Hanover, XVl
345-
Minding's Theore.m, in mechanics,
XV. 730.
Mindoro, island, Philippines, xviiL
748, 752.
Mineral B.\ths, hi. 439.
Mineralogy, xvi. 346 (index of mineral
species, 429); Ste-Claire Deville's con-
tributions to, XXI. 1 66 ; mineralogical
societies, XXII. 225.
Minerals, analysed under the blow-
pipe, III. 838; meteoric, xvi. 113;
phosphorescence in, xviil. 813; rock-
forming varieties, X. 227; the property
of the crown, XIV. 268.
Mineral Springs, x. 270.
Mineral Tallow, xvi. 429.
Mineral Veins, x. 317; xvi. 441.
Mineral Waters, xvi.431; of Eastern
Siberia, xxill. 510.
Miners, Payment of, xvi. 449.
Minerva, Roman goddess (the Greek
Athena), XVI. 437; ivory statue of, at
Athens, xiil. 523.
Printing Machine, xxiii. 705.
Mines, xvi. 440; coal, vi. 61; gold, x.
745; laws regarding, xvi. 466.
, Submarine explosive, XXIII. 449.
Ming, dynasty of China, v. 648.
Mingo, adulterant of woollen goods, L
176.
Mingrelia, province, Transcaucasia,
Kussia, XVI. 437; xxiiL 513.
M I n
MIS
293
MINH6, river, Spain, XXII. eg,.
Miniature, branches o( painting, XVI.
437; enamelling, vill. 1S4.
MiNicoy, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 1S3.
Minima, in mathematics, xv. 643; xiii.
22.
SIiNiMi, or jrinims, order of monks, IX.
695; XVI. 711.
MiMlN, Russian patriot, XXI. 95.
Mining, xvi. 440; for coal, vi. 61; for
gold, X. 745.
, T.Iilitary, IX. 464.
iln-MSXERS, Nonconfonuist, Legal status
of, XVII. 533.
Ministry, state administration, xvi.
472-
Minium, mineral, xvi. 387.
Mink, carnivorous mammal, XVI. 474;
skins of, IX. 83S.
Minna von Barnhelm, Lessing'a
drama, Xiv. 4S0.
Minneapolis, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XVI. 474.
MiNNESANGER, German lyrists, X. 525;
XVII. 83.
Minnesota, State, U.S.A., xvi. 475.
MiN.VOW, fish, XVI. 477; XII. 692;
artificial, for angling, II. 33.
Islands, Madagascar, xv. 168.
MiNO, or Minlio, river, Spain, XXII.
295.
Ming di Giovanni (DaFiesole), Italian
sculptor and architect, XVI. 477; XX.
836.
Minor, or Infant, in law, xiil. i.
, The, Foote's comedy, IX. 370.
, bird, XI. 26.
Minorca, one of the Balearic Islands,
Spain, III. 278; failure of Byng in
defence of, IV. 604.
Minorites, order of friars, IX. 698;
XX. 799.
Minority, in law, i. 279.
Minos, legendary king of Crete, xvi.
47S; VI. 570; XXIII. 294.
VIinotaur, of Greek legend, XIV. 179;
XVI. 478.
MINSIIULL, Elizabeth, Milton's third
wife, XVI. 336.
Minsk, government, Russia, XVI. 478;
XXI. 6g; town, xvi. 479.
Minster, in architecture, 11. 467.
Minstrel, singer, xvi. 479; mediaeval,
vn. 413.
, The, Beattie's poem. III. 466.
Minstrelsy of the Scottish
Border, Scott's, xxi. 547; Leyden's
connexion with", xiv. 496.
Mint, for coininc, xvi. 480; of London,
XIV. 832.
, plant, XVI. dq\; XII. 289; xviii.
517.
MiNTjAC, or Muntjak, deer, xvil. 31;
XIII. 602.
Mint-Mark, of coins, xvii. 630.
MiNTO, First Earl of, British statesman,
XVI. 492; governor-general of India,
XII. S05.
MiNTON's Encaustic Pave.ment, iv.
2S3.
MiNUClus Felix, Marcus, Christian
apologist, xvi. 492.
Minuet, dance, xvi. 492.
Minuit, Peter, director, New Nether-
land, America, XVII. 454.
Minuscule Writing, xviii. 149.
Minusinsk, town, Russia in Asia, xxii.
1 1 ; XXIV. 743.
Tartars, Asiatic race, xxiii. 70.
Minx, or Mink, carnivorous mammal,
XVI. 474.
MINV.E, ancient Greek race, XI. 92; as
voyagers, II. 496; in Lemnos, 4Jgean
Sea, XIV. 437.
MiNYEH, town, Egypt, vii. 774.
Miocene Rocks, x. 362.
Miolaniid.c, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Miosic, Andrew Kacie, Servian writer,
XXI. 690.
Miquelon, island, Newfoundland, xxi.
196; XVII. 382.
Mir, village community, Russia, XXI.
70, 83.
Mira, river, Ecuador, vii. 646.
Mirabeau, Honore Gabriel Riqueti,
Comte de, French statesman, XVI. 492;
IX. 598, 60 r; Dumont's relations with,
VII. 530.
, Victor Riqueti, Marquis de, French
political economist, xvi. 498; XIX.
361.
Mirabilite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Miracle of the Thundering
Legion, in Roman history. III. 87.
Miracle-Plays, v. 324; vii. 413, 414;
English, VII. 414; VIII. 416; in Eng-
land, time of Shakespeare, XXI. 750;
French, IX. 644; German, X. 526.
Miracles, of Scripture, 11. 191; x. 804,
809; of Elisha, VIII. 141; in Acts of
the Apostles, I. 127; Campbell's Dis-
sertation on, IV. 754; Woolston's view
of, XXIV. 664.
, of Apollonius, II. 188.
Miraflores, Spain, Sculptures at, xxi.
567.
Mirafra, genus of birds, xiv. 316.
MiR.AGE, Atmospheric, XIV. 600.
Mir Alishir, Persian poet, xvi. 499.
MIRAMICHI, river New Brunswick,
XVII. 373.
MiRAMlONES, French religious order,
X. 152.
MiRAMON, Mieuel, Mexican general,
XVI. 498.
Miranda, Francesco, South-American
general, xvi. 498.
, Francisco de Si de, Portuguiese
pastoral poet, XVIII. 346; XIX. 556.
Mirandola, Pico de. Christian huma-
nist and Kabbalistic writer, xix. So;
XIII. 813.
Mirath, or Meerut, district. India, xv.
825.
Mircea, voivode of 'Walachia, XXI. 16.
Mirgorod, town, Russia, xix. 410.
Mir Jafar, Indian nawab, xii. 801.
Mir Kasim, Indian nawab, xii. 802;
xvni. 409.
Mirkhonp, or Mirkhawand. Persian
writer, XVI. 499.
Miroir de Mariage. Deschamps's
satire, VII. 128.
Miropolie, town, Russia, XVI. 499.
Mirror, xvi. 499; ix. 8^9; Etruscan
' bronze, VIII. 642; in optics, xiv. 587;
use of, for signalling, XI. 632.
Galvanometer, in telegraphy,
XXIII. 124.
Mirror-Reading in optics, xxiv.
436.
Mir Tagi, Urdu poet, xi. 848.
Mirza, Persian title, xviii. 628.
MiRZAPUR, or Mirzapoor, district and
town, India, xvi. 502.
Mirza Taki, Persian minister, xviii.
651.
Misanthrope, Le, Moliire's play, xvi.
629.
Misdemeanour, in law, xvl 502; vi.
588; IX. 68.
Misdroy, town, Prussia, xxiv. 633.
Miseno, Capo di, Italy, xvii. 187.
Miserere, of Allegri, i. 581.
MiSERlCORDE, or Dagger, VL 760.
MiSHNAH, or Mishna, rabbinical law,
XVI. 502; XI. 600; Xlll. 429; XXIII.
35; Maimonides's commentary on, XV.
296.
MiSHNEH Torah, of Maimonides, xv.
295.
MiSKOLCZ, town, Hungary, XVI. 508.
Misnia, Dialect of, German, I. 152.
MisoL, island, off New Guinea, xvii.
389-
MiSPECKEL, orMispickel, mineral, xvi.
390; II. 635.
Misprision, in law, xvi. 502 , of treason,
XXIII. 528.
MiSR, name for Egypt, vii. 700.
Misrule, Lord of, v. 704.
Missal, liturgical book, xvi. 508.
MISSI DOMINICI, imperiU commis-
sioners, IX. 532.
Missionaries, Christian, xvi. 511.
Missionary Societie.s, List of, xvi.
5'5-
Missions, Christian, xvi. 511; Baptist,
III. 356; Jesuit systems, XIII. 651,654;
XX. 536; Moravian, XVI. 811; Roman
Catholic, XIX. 809.
Mississippi, river, U.S.A., xvi. 518; i.
674; XVII. 402; delta of, XX. 580;
drainage of, X. 272; geology of valley
of, XXIII. 801; influence of wind on,
XII. 497; La Salle'fi exploratiefia
of, XIV. 318; Spanish claim to, XXIII.
753-
, State, U.S.A., xvi. 521.
294
M I S — M 0 H
Mississippi, bagatelle game, iii. 230.
Scheme, Law's, ix. 584; xiv.
367-
MISSOLONGHI, town, Greece, xvi. 524.
Missouri, river, United States, xvi.
518; XVII. 307; Le\vis and Clarke's
exjjlorations of, xiv. 494; sources of,
XVI. 772.
, State, U.S.A., XVI. 524; miUe-
breediug in, XVII. 14.
Compromise (1S20), v.. 81S ;
XXIII. 763, 772; repeal of {1854),
XIV. 658.
Mister, title, xxiii. 417.
MiSTi, volcano, Pern, xvill. 672.
Mistletoe, parasitic plant, xvi. 527;
XVIII. 264, 265; in Northern myth-
ology, I. 210; venerated by the Druids,
VII. 477.
Mistral, -wind, Southera Europe, ix.
507; XVL 149.
Mistress, The, by Cowley, vi. 532.
OF the Robes, England, xxi.
37-
Misty Law, mountain, Scotland, xx.
395
Misy, mineral, xvi. 401.
MlT.\, tribute from Peruvian Indians.
IV. 16; XVIII. 678.
MiTAU, town, Russia, xvi. 527.
MiTCHAM, town, England, XXII. 693;
cultivation of mint at, XVIII. 518.
Mitckel, Ormsby il'Knight, American
general and astronomer, xvi. 528.
Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone,
Australian e.xnlorer, xvi. 528; ill.
105.
, rivei-, Victoria, Australia, XXIV.
216.
Library, Glasgow, xiv. 523, 543.
Mitchell's Peak, North Carolina,
U.S.A., XVII. 559.
Mite, ai-achnid, xvi. 528; 11. 276; itch-
mite, XXII. 123.
Mitford, Mary Russell, English writer,
XVI. 529.
Mithradates, or Mithridates, I., Par-
thian-king, XVIII. 590; XIX. 459.
—— II., the Great, Parthian king and
king of Pontus, XVI. 529; XViiL 595;
XIX. 459; his conquest of Cappadocia,
v. 76; his war in Greece, XI. 108;
Sulla's victory over, XXII. 632.
Mithras, Persian god, xvi. 530.
MlTHRlD.\TE, Racine's drama, XX. 207.
Mithrid.\tes, or Mithradates (j.t>.),
XVL 529.
Mitla, Mexico, Temple at, I. 695.
MlTR.\, or Mithras, Persian god, XVl.
530.
MiTRAlLLEUR, machine gun, XI. 285;
II. 662.
MlTRE, bishop's head-oress, VI. 463.
, in heraldry, XI. 711.
, Bartolomeo, president of Argentine
Republic, II. 492.
MiTRiDATE, opera by Mozart, xvii. 9.
MiTSCHERLICH, Eilhai'dt, German
chemist, XVI. 531.
MiTTA MiTTA, river, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 215.
MiTYLENE, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
XIV. 474.
MIXITE, mineral, xvi. 406. *
MiZPAH, or Mizpeh, of Scripture, XVI.
533-
MIZRAIM, name of Egypt, VII. 700.
MizzoNlTE, mineral, XVI. 412.
MJOSEN, lake, Norway, XVII. 576.
Ml.\wa, town, Poland, XiX. 227.
Mnaidra, ancient temple, Malta, XV.
341-
Mnemon, Artaxerxes II., king of
Persia, II. 640; VII. 753; xvilI. 576.
Mnemonics, artificial helps to memory,
XVI. 532.
Mniotiltid^ family of birds, xxiv.
367.
MOA, extinct bird, III. 112, 731; VII.
244; XVII. 469.
MOAB, of Scripture, xvi. 533.
Moabites, people cf Palestine, XIII.
397; xvin. 175.
Moabite Stone, xhi. 116; xvi. 534,
536; XXL 645.
MOALLAKAT, Arabic poems, XVI. 536,
595; L 778; II. 263.
MOASSINA, country, Soudan, Central
Africa, XXII. 279.
Moat-Hen, bird, XVI. 808.
MOAWIYA I., caliph, XVI. 563, 565; II.
25S.
II., caliph, XVI. 569.
MOBANGI, river, Africa, XXIV. 764.
Mobbing, in law, xx. 565.
Mobile, town, Alabafaa, U.S.A., xvi.
539-
Mobilization, of German army, 11.
598.
Mobius, August Ferdinand, German
astronomer, XVI. 540.
JIoccoletti, carnival diversion at
Rome, V. 124.
Mocenigo, Domenico, Venetian ad-
miral, XXIV. 147.
Mocha, town, Arabia, xvi. 540; x.x.
316.
Stone, variety of agate, i. 278.
MOCKING.-BiRD, XVI. 540.
Modalism, theological doctrine, XXI.
127.
Modares, leader of imperial Goths,
XXIII. 258.
Modelling, in building, iv. 508; in
design, in drawing, Vii. 450; for
sculpture, XXI. 571; of animals, in
taxidermy, XXIII. 90.
, Mathematical, XV. 628.
Modena, Duchy of, Italy, xvr. 541.
, town, Italy, XVI. 541; library,
XIV. 530, 548; observatory, >fvil. 714;
school of painting, XXI. 437, 443;
sculpture, XXI 569; university, XXIII.
836.
^'oderatism, in Church of Scotland.
i.x. 743; XXI. 536.
Moderator Lamp, xiv. 246.
MODESTINUS, Roman jurist, XIII.
792.
MODESTUS, Christian martyr, xxiv.
266.
MoDH.\R, Arab tribe, Mesopotamia, XVI.
48.
Modica, town, Sicily, xvi. 542.
Modicia, Roman colony, Lombardy,
XVI. 798.
Modlin, town, Russian Poland, xvii.
608; xxiv. 376.
MOOOCS, Aiuerican-Indian tribe, XII.
833-
MODULE, in architecture, II. 467.
Modulus, of elasticity, vii. 804; of
rigidity, xxil. 595.
Moe, Jorgen Engehretsen, Norwegian
poel, XVI. 542; XVII. 591.
Moed, part of the Mishnah, XVI. 505.
MOEN, island, Denmark, vil. 80.
McERis, Lake, Egj-pt, vii. 709, 774.
Moero, Lake, Central Africa, l. 248;
XXIV. 763.
MceSia, ancient country, Eastern Europe,
XVI. 542.
Mofaddal, Arabic commentator, xvi.
536.
MOFETE, Le, lake, Italy, i. 778.
Moff.^t, toTvn, Scotland, .xvi. 542; vil.
526.
, Robert, African missiohary, xvi.
543-
Mogador, town, Morocco, xvi. 543.
Mogahid, Saracen leader, xix. 119.
MOGHILEFF," government, Russia, XVI.
543;- XXI. 69; town, on the Dnieper,
Russia, XVL 543.
, town, on the Dniester, Russia,
XVL 544; XIX. 254.
MOGHISTAN, district, Persia, XVII.
856.
MoGHTASiLAHj Babylonian sect, xv.
4S2, 48 ^
MoGiL-^s, Petrus, Russian metropolitan,
XVL 544.
MOGUER, Spanish ^^ine, XXIV. 607.
Mogul, Moghul, or Mughal, dynasty ia
India, III. 569; XII. 794.
MOGULS, or Mughals, class of Moham-
medans, India, XII. 746.
MOH.ics, town, Hungary, XVI. 544;
battle of (1526), XII. 369; XXI. 17.
Mohair, goat's hair, xvi. 544.
Mohallab, Moslem general, XVI. 569,
573-
Mohammed, Mahomet, or Muhammad,
founder of Islam, xvL 545; II. 257;
in Mecca, XV. 670; tomb of, xv.
8i8.
, Moorish emir in Spain, XXII.
3I2-
, Seljuk ruler, XXI. 635.
, Turkish sultans. See Maham-
mad.
M O H — M 0 M
295
Mohammed b. Faraj, Moslem im-
postor, XVI. 5S5.
B. Mansur, caliph, xvi. 580.
Bey, of Egypt, vii. 761.
Ghori, founder of Moslem power
in Hindustan, XVII. 573.
Mohammedanism, xvi. 545 (index,
606); XX. 360; XXII. 659; in relation
to Manichoeisra, XV. 485; pilgi-images,
XIX. 93; its attitude towards slaveiy,
XXII. 143; theism of, XXIII. 240, 242;
spread of, in Asia, II. 699; conquest
of Egypt, VII. 749; invasion of Persia,
XVIII. 615 ; caliphate acquired' by
sultan of Turkey, XXIII. 643 ; in
China, V. 650; in Europe, VIII. 713;
in India, XII. 746, 792; in Spain,
XXII. 309; in Turkish empire, XXIII.
654.
Mohammedan Libraries, xiv. 514.
MoHAMRAH, town, Persia, viii. 671;
xviii. 620.
Mohatra Bargain, in casuistry, •',
204.
Mohawk, river, New York, U.S.A.,
XII. 331; XVII. 451.
MoHEGANS, American-Indian tribe,
X!i. 831.
MOHILLA, island, Comores, Africa, VI.
221.
MoHL, Hugo von, on protoplasm, xix.
S28.
, Jules, German Orientalist, XVI.
607. ^
Mohler, Johann Adam, German theo-
logian, XVI. 607.
MOHN, island, Russia, in Baltic, XIV.
723; XVII. 732.
, Henrik, on Korwegiau Polar
explorations, XIX. 323.
MoHR, Karl Friedrich, German scien-
tist, XVI. 707.
MOHRING, Paul H. G., on birds, xviii. 5.
MoHS, Friedrich, crystallographcr, VI.
674.
MOHTADI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 5S6.
MoiMiR, Slavonic chief, X. 4S0.
MoiR, David Macbeth, Scottish poet and
humorist, XVI. 608.
, George, Scottish critic, XVI. 608.
MoiRA, Earl of,- governor-general of
India, xi. 517.
MoisSAC, town, France, XVI. 608.
Moisture, of the atmosphere, III. 32;
life conditioned by, in. 680.
MojANGA, town, Madagascar, XV. 175.
Mokaddasi, Arabic geographer, XVI.
60S.
MOK.ANDARRA, pass, India, Xiv. 144.
Mokanna, A1-, the veiled prophet of
Khorasan, xvi. 44, 580, 608.
Mokattan, Egypt, Caliph Hakim's
observatory at, XVII. 709.
Mokha, or Mocha, harbour. Red Sea,
XVI. 540; XX. 316.
Mokhtar ben Aei Obaid, Shiite chief,
XVI. 568, 570.
Moksha, race, Russia, XVI. 813.
, river, Russia, xviii. 514.
Mokshan, town, Russia, xvi. 608;
XVIII. 515.
MOKTADI BI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, XVI.
588.
MOKTADIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOKTAFI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOKTAFl li-amr-illah, caliph, XVI.
588.
MOL.% town, Italy, xvi. 608.
Gaeta (Formia), to-wn, Italy, ix.
415-
MoLAl, or Molay (q.v.), James de, XVI.
608.
Molasses, from sugar, XXII. 626.
Rum, XXI. 58.
MoLAY, Jacques de, grand-master of the
Templar.?, xvi. 608; XXIII. 163, 164!
MoLBECH, Christian, Danish lexico-
grapher, VII. 93.
Mold, town, Wales, ix. 327.
MOLDAU, river, Germany, VII. 825.
Moldavia, principality, Roumania,
XXI. 18.
Mole, insectivorous mammal, xvi. 608;
xv; 404.
, river, England, xxill. 220.
Mdl6, Matthieu Louis, Count, French
politician, IX. 620.
, Matthieu, French politician, Vl.
246.
MOLECH, Semitic divinity, XVI. 695.
Mole, Cricket, insect, vi. 578;'xiii.
152; as wheat pest, XXIV. 534.
Molecular Actions and Changes,
in physiology, XIX. 18.
Molecular Magnetism, Theory of,
XV. 271, 276.
Molecular Weights, v. 471.
Molecule, xvi. 610; in. 38; vii. 215.
Moleskin, cotton fabric, xvi. 623.
Molestation, in law, xxiii. 500.
Molesworth, Sir William, philoso-
phical and political WTiter, xvi. 623.
MoLFETTA, town, Italy, xvi. 624.
Molge, genus of reptiles, XXIII. 577.
MoLGULlD/p, family of Tmiicata, xxill.
617.
MoLlfeRE (Jean Baptiste Poquelin),
French dramatist, xvi. 624; VII. 425;
IX. 658; as satirist, XXI. 319; his
relations with Racine, XX. 204.
Molina, Luis, Spanish Jesuit, XVI. 630.
, Maria de, regent of Castile, XXII.
319-
, Tirso de (G. Tellez), Spanish
dramatist, XXIII. 157; vn. 421; XXIL
35S.
MoLlNE, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvi.
631.
MOLINOS, Miguel de, Spanish quietist,
XVI. 631; xvn. 134.
MOLISE, province, Italy, xvi. 631.
MOLITOR, Joseph Franz, German theo-
sophist, XXIIL 279.
WoLlTZ, spa, Fiance, XX. i;3.
MOLIVO, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
Mollah, Mohaminedan ecclesiastic,,
XXIL 661, 664.
MOLLENDO, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Moller's Solution, iu taxidermy,
XXIII. 90.
Moll Flanders, Defoe's woi-k, vii. 29.
MOLLINEUX, Emeric, globe constructer,
X. 6S2.
MOLLUSCA, division of annnal kingdom,
XVI. 632; II. 53;. distribution of, vn.
279, 283; embryology, XX. 419; hiber-
nation, XI. 789 ; histology, XII. 7 ;
organs of touch in, xxiii. 478; reprc-
dnction of, XX. 409; in Lankester's
classification, XXIV. 813.
MOLLUSCOIDS, division of animal king-
dom, IV. 188.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM, skin dis-
ease, XXII. 12:.
Molly Maguires, mining combination,.
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., XVIII. 504.
Molly Mawk, bird, ix. 817; xv. 334.'
Moloch, Semitic divinity, XVI. 695.
Callithrix, ape, 11. 155.
HORRIDUS, species of lizards, XIV.
737-
MOLOGA, town, Russia, xxiv. 731.
MoLOKAi, island, Hawaiian group.
Pacific, XI. 532.
MOLOKOVA, spa, Eastern Siberia, xxni.
510.
MOLON, governor of Media, XVIII. 588-
MOLOSSI, ancient Greek tribe, Vlir.
483-
MoLOSSUS, gcn'is of bat,", xv. 408, 413.
MOLTKE, Count vcn, Prussian general,
XXIV. 582.
Moluccas, islands, Indian Archipelago^.
XVI. 696; XII. 815; birds of. III. 740.
MOLVA, genus of fislies, XIV. 668.
Molybdenite, mineral, xvi. 394; xvi.
697.
Molybdenum, chemical element, xvs.
697; V. 541.
Molybdite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Molvn, Pieter de, Dutch painter, VIIL,
735-
MolyneuX, William, friend of JoUe
Locke, XIV. 754; his plea for Irisfe:
independence, Xin. 269.
MoLVSITE, mineral, XVI. 384.
Mombasa, or Momba.s, town, East-
Africa, XVI. 697; mission near, I. 246.
Moment, in mechanics, xv. 683, 7001,.
732;. of inertia, XV. 732.
Momentum, in mechanics, xv. 677,.
698, 7 1 5.
Momias Bay, Patagonia, xviii. 352.
Mommsen, Theodor, on the influence o£
the Jews in Rome, XII!. 430.
Momotombo, mountain, Nicai'agna,
xvn. 477.
Momotus, genus of birds, xvil. 3.
MOMPESSON, Sir Giles, English mono-
polist, XVI, 758.
296
M 0 N — M O N
MoKA (Anglesea), island, Wales, ii. 30;
XV. 453-
MoNACH, island, Scotlana, its climate,
VI. 5.
MoNACKA, genus of birds, xx. loi.
MOKACHISM, or Monasticism, XVI. 698
(Jiit of foundations, 715); monastic
libraries, XIV. 513.
, British, Fosbroke's work, IX. 470.
Monaco, principality, South Europe,
XVI. 717
Monadidea, order of Protozoa, XIX.
856.
MON.\DlSM, atomic theory. III. 37.
MoNADNOCK, mountain, U.S.A., xxill.
792.
Monads, Leibnitz's theory of, XIV. 421.
Mon.\ghan, county, Ireland, XVI. 718;
representation, xxill. 727; town, xvi.
71S.
Monaldeschi, Giosanni, Christina of
S^reden's treatment of, v. 703.
MoNA Lisa, Leonardo's painting, xiv.
460.
Mokamines, in chemistry, v. 575.
Monarchianism, in early Christian
theology, XVI. 718; xiii. 671; moda-
llstiCj of Noetus, xvii. 531.
Monarchy, Government by, XI. 11;
early Roman, xx. 732.
Monasteries, i. 10; suppression of, in
England, vi. 606; VIII. 335, 375;
XI. 664; in Old London, XIV. 844;
Lamaist, Tibet, XIV. 499.
MONASTicis:^, XVI. 6g8; in England,
VIII. 281, 2S6, 298, 304, 316; early
Irish, XIII. 248; in Greek Church, XI.
159; St Jerome's defence of, XIII. 630.
Monastic Libraries, xiv. 513.
Monastic Vestments, vi. 463
Monastic Vow, xxiv. 301.
Monastir, to\Tn, Roumelia, Turkey,
XVI. 719;^ I. 44S; plain, XV. 136.' ~~
, to-nii, Tunis, XXIII. 620.
Monaxona, order of sponges, XXII.
423.
Monaxonida, tribe of sponges, XXII.
421.
MONAZITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
MoNBODDO, Lord, Scottish judge and
philosopher, xvi. 719; on evolution,
VIII. 760
MONBUTTU, mountains, Soudan, Africa,
XXII. 277.
MoNCADA, Francisco de, Spanish his-
torian, XXII. 359.
MONCAVO, Sierra de, Spain, xxiv. 769.
Monchen-Gladbach, to\™, Prussia,
X. 631.
MoNCHGUT, district, Eiigen, Prussia,
XXI. 56.
MoNCHSBERG, mountain, Austria, xxi.
239-
Mo^•CRIEFF, Alexander, Scottish Seced-
er, XXIII. 728.
Gun, II. 557' carriage for, ix. 451;
XI. 312.
MONCTON, town, New Brunswick, xvi.
719; XVII. 375.
Monde, Le, Paris newspaper, xvii.
426.
MONDEViLLE, Hemi de, French surgeon,
xxil. 675.
MoNDHiR, Moorish emir in Spain,
XXII. 312.
of Hira, invader of Syria, xviii.
612.
MONDINO of Bologna, father of modern
anatomy, I. 805.
IIONDONEDO, town, Spain, XVI. 719.
AIONDOVI, town, Italy, XVI. 720.
MONEMBASIA (Malvasia), ancient town,
Greecs, xv. 346.
MoNERA, division of Protozoa, II. 50.
Money, xvi. 720 (table, 732); coinage
of, XVI. 480; coined, XVII. 630; use of
cowTy-shells as, VI. 535 ; economic
theories of, XIX. 356; earliest notices
of, VI. 197; paper, in relation to ex-
change, VIII. 7S8; in relation to values,
XXIV. 5 1 ; connexion of, with units of
weight, XXIV. 482 ; Dudley North's
paradoxes on, XVIII. 555.
, Colonel, on the cultivation of tea,
XXIII. 99
and Tr.\de Considered, Law's
work, XIV. 369.
Money-Orders, Post-office, xix. 572.
Monferrato, Italian marquisate, xvi.
738.
Monge, Gaspard, French mathematician,
XVI. 738 ; on the adherence of particles,
V. 57.
AIONGHYR, district, India, XVI. 739;
- town, XVI. 740.
Mongolia, country, Asia, 11. 686; xvi.
749; in time of Marco Polo, xix.
404.
Mongolian Langu.\ge,. xvi. 740;
XXIV. I.
Mongoloid Type, of man, 11. 113.
Mongols, Asiatic people, xvi. 740; 11.
696; x'xill. 70; aifinities of, with the
Turks, XXIII. 65S; resemblances to
ancient Mexicans, xvi. 207; conquests
of, xin. 620; religion of, xx. 363;
in Western Asia, X\1. 588; in China,
V, 646; in mediaeval Europe, v. 132,
627; invasion of Europe by (1683),
XIX. 296; invasion of. Japan by, xiii.
583; in Russia, XXL 79, 90; their
overthrow of the Seljuks, XXI. 637; in
Siberia, xxii. 8.
Mongoos, or Mungoos, carnivorous
mammal, xil. 629; xv. 436.
Mongrel, or Hybrid, xii. 422.
Monica, mother of St Augustine, in.
75-
Monies, Abbreviations for, I. 29.
Monism, in philosophy, xxill. 234;
Stoic doctrine, XXII. 563.
MONITA Secreta, of the Jesuits, xiii.
650.
MONITEUR,- Paris newspaper, xvii.,424.
Monition, in law, xvi. 751.
Monitor, lizard, xiv. 734.
Monk, George, duke of Albemarle,
EngHsh general, xvi. 751; xil. 80; in
Scotland, xxi. 514.
of Heilsbronn, German poet, XI.
624.
Monkchester (Newcastle), ancient
town, England, xvii. 379.
Monkey-Nut, XI. 221.
Monkeys, or Apes, n. 151; xv. 444;
man's relation to, II. 107; of SontV.
America, I. 68 1 ; skins of, IX. 83S1
Tibetan belief in descent from, xxiii.
343-
Monk-Fish, xii. 686.
Monklands Railway, Scotland, xx.
224.
Monk Le\vis (Matthew G. Lewis), Eng-
lish WTiter, XIV. 493.
Monks, xvi. 698; l. 10, 22; their cnar-
acter in England, VIII. 373;- their in-
fluence on education, VII. 672; vest-
ments of, VI. 463; Lamaist, in Tibet,
-XIV. 500.
Monkshood, plant, l 98.
Monk's Rhubarb, plant, vii. 310.
Monkwearmouth, suburb of Sunder-
land, England, xxil. 657.
MOn-Laii, Tibetan festival, XIV, 501.
Monjiouth, county, England, xvi.
753; representation, XXIII. 727; town
XVI. 754.
, to\\-n, Illinois, U.S.A., xvi. 755.
; James, duke of, XVI. 755; VIII.
350; in Scotland, XXI. 516; his rela-
tions with William of Orange, xxiv.
579-
- — , Earl of (Charles Mordaunt), xviii.
700.
Monnier, Maria Th^rese de, Mirabeau's
correspondent Sophie, XVI. 493.
Monochord, musical instrument, XIX.
65.
Monocotyledonous Plants, iv. 92.
Monocotyledons, subclass of plants,
&iiv. 131.
Monocystis Acilis, species of Proto-
zoa, XIX. 853.
MONODELPHi.i, subclass of Mammalia,
XV. 372, 383
Monodon, genus of cetacean mammals,
XV. 398; XVII. 235.
Monogene.% divisioiv of trematode
worms, XXIII. 539.
Monogenist Theory, of origin of
races, II. 1 14.
Monolith, prehistoric stone monu-
ment, n. ;i8y, xxi. 51.
MONOLOCION, of Anselm, II. 92.
Monomakh, Vladimir, prince of KielT,
Russia, XXI. 89.
MONOMYA, order of Mollusca, XVI.
685.
Monopeltis, genus of lacertilian
reptiles, XX. 451.
Monophysitism, in ancient church.
M O N — M O N
297
viii. 724; XI. 155; xin. 538, 671;
XIII. 796; Theodoret's, XXIII. 256.
"MONOPOLI, to\™, Italy, XVI. 757.
.Monopoly, Monopolies, xvi. 757; in
finance, IX. 179; in patents, XVIII.
334; evils of, in trade, II. 213.
Valites, in economics, XXIV. 48.
'.M0N0PYL.E.\, order of Protozoa, xlx.
S50.
■MON'OSPOREA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
854.
MOXOSTEARIN, in chemistry, X. 697.
MOXOSTOMID^, family of trematode
worms, XXIII. 539.
Monotheism, xxiii. 235.
MONOTHELITES, Christian sect, XVI.
758;XIII. 671; XX. 7S3; condemnation
of, by Pope Martin I., xv. 582; St
Maximus's opposition to, xv. 646.
MONOTREMATA, order of Mammalia,
VII. 628; XV. 377.
^ONOTROrE.E, parasitic nlants, XVIII.
264.
MONRADITE, mineral, XVI. 414.
MONREALE, town, Sicily, xvi. 758.
Monro, Alexander, Scottish surgeon,
I. 814; xxn. 676.
Monroe, to\vn, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XVL 761.
, James, president of the United
States, XVI. 760.
Doctrine, in United States
politics, XIII. 192; XVI. 761; XXIII.
762.
Monrovia, town, Liberia, West Africa.
XJV. 50S; I. 269.
MONS, to^v^l, Belgium, xvi. 761.
MONSCIA (Monza), torni, Italy, xvi. 798.
MONS Meg, cannon, at Edinburgh, II.
557-
Monsoons, periodical winds, xvi. 148;
!i. 690; XII. 821.
MONS Sacer, near Rome, XX. 736.
Monster, xvi. 762; xv. 779.
MONSTRELET, Enguerrand de, French
chronicler, XVI. 766.
Montagnards, party of the French
Revolution, IX^ 602.
Montagne NoiRE,moujitain,Cevennes,
France, XXIII. 65.
Montagnes Noires, mountains,
Morbihan, France, xvi. 813.
Montagu, Edward, first earl of
Sandwich, XXI. 261.
^1 George, his ornithological diction-
ary, XVIIL 15, 17.
, John, fourth earl of Sandwich,
XXI. 261.
, Lady Mary 'Wortley, English
writer, xvi. 767.
Montague, Charles, earl of Halifax,
XI. 385; XIX. 743; his friendship
for Newton, XVII. 445.
Montaigne, Michel de, French essayist,
XVI. 767; l.x. 654; on education, vii.
674; on scepticism, XXI. 382; his
relations with Charron, v. 431.
Montalembert, Charles Forbes de,
French historian, xvi. 771; ix. 674;
XIV. 239, 240; XVII. 426; his opposi-
tion to papal infallibility, xvii. 754.
Montalet, Pic de, mountain, France,
XXIII. 65.
Montalvan, Juan Perez de, Spanish
dramatist, XVI. 772; VII. 421.
Montalvo, Garci Ordonez de, Spanish
romancist, XXII. 355; XX. 655.
Montana, Territory, U.S.A., xvi. 772;
mines, XXIII. 815, S16.
Montana Dota, mountain range,
Central America, vi. 449.
Mont.WES, Spanish sculptor, XXI. 567.
MonTanism, in early church, xvi. 774;
V. 701; under Justinian, XIII. 796.
Montanite, mineral, xvi. 403.
MONTANUS, founder of Montanism,
XVI. 775.
(Giovanni de Monte), Italian
physician, XV. 808, 809.
Montargis, town, France, xvi. 777.
MONTASIR, caliph, XVI. 585.
MONTATAIRE, town, France, xvil. 749.
MONTAUBAN, town, France, XVI. 778
Montbeillard, Guenau de, on birds,
XVIII. 6.
Montbeliard, town,. France, xvi. 778.
Montcalm, Marquis of, French general,
XX. 167; XXIII. 735; XXIV. 630.
MONTCORBIER, De (Francis Villon),
French poet and adventurer, XXIV.
23=-
MoNT DE PiETE. national pawnbrokiug
office, Pans, xviil. 283.
MONT-DoRii-LES-BAlNS, town, France,
XVI. 779; XX. 120; mineral water of,
XVL 435.
\IONTE, Gian Maria del (Pope Julius
III.), XIIL 772.
MONTEBELLO, Italy, Battle of (1859),
in. 138.
, Jean Lannes, Due de, French
marshal, Xiv. 289.
MoNTE Carlo, suburb of Monaco, xvi.
717.
Monte Casino, or Cassino, Abbey of,
Italy, XVL 778; :. 11; 11L557; xxiil.
832; library, XIV. 513, 531.
Monte Christo, Dumas's roniai>ce,
VII. 522.'
Montecorvino, John, archbishop of
Peking, v. 628; XVL 742.
Monte Cristo, island, Italy, xiii. 440.
MoNTECUCULi, Raimondo, count of,
Austrian general, XVi. 778.
MONTEFELTRO, Federigo da, count ef
Urbino, XXIV. 9.
, Guidubaldo, count of Urbino,
XXIV. 9.
MONTECO Bay, Jamaica, xiii. 549.
MONTELEONE of Apulia, town, Italy,
XVL 779.
of Calabria, town, Italy, XVi.
779-
MONTELl.MAR, town, France, XVL 779.
MONTEM, procession, at Eton, England,
viii. 632.
MONTEMAVOK, Jorge de, Spanish
pastoral poet, xvlll. 346; xxil. 357.
Montenegro, country, Europe, xvi.
7791 Greek Church of, XL 15S; litera-
ture of, XXL 691.
Monteran, Pierre de, Parisian archi-
tect, XVIII. 288.
Montereau-faut-Yonne, town,
France, XXL 625.
MontereGIO, Joh. de (Regiuniontanus),
German astronomer, XX. 341.
Monterey, town, California, U.S.A.,
XVI. 781.
, town, Mexico, xvi. 7S2, 214.
Monte San Giuliano, town, Sicily,
XVI. 782.
Monte Sant' Angelo, town, Italy,
XVI. 782.
Montespan, Madame de, mistress of
Louis XIV. of France. IX. 578; XV.
304-
Montesquieu, C. L.de Secondat, Baron
de, French writer, XVi. 7S2; IX. 667;
his economic teaching, xix. 359; in-
fluence of his writings, ix. 592.
MONTEVERDE, Claudio, Italian musical
composer, XVI. 785; xvii. 86.
Montevideo, town, Uruguay, South
America, XVI. 786.
Montezuma, emperor of ancient
Mexico, VI. 441; XVI. 209.
Montfaucon, Bernard Je, French
critic and scholar, XVI. 7b7.
MONTFERR.VT, or Monferrato, Italian
marquisate, XVI. 73S.
Montfort, Simon de, crusader, XVL
787; IX. 541; XX. 322.
, Simon de, political leader, XVI.
787; VIII. 310; XL 65S; XVIIL 304.
Montcolfieji, Stephen and Joseph,
discoverers of the balloon, I. 1S7
Montgomerie, Alexander, early Scot-
tish poet, XVL 790; XXI. 542.
, Archibald WUliam, earl of
Eglinton, VII. 699.
Montgomery, county, Wales, xvi. 788;
representation, xxill. 727 ; town, XVI.
789.
, district, India, XVI. 7S9; XX. leg;
town, XVL 789.
, town, Alabama, L^.S.A., XVI. 790.
, Alexander, Scottish poet, xvi. 790;
XXI. 542.
, Arnulph de, Welsh chief, XVin.
482.
, James, English poet, XVI. 790;
hymns by, Xll. 595.
, Richard, American revolutionary
general, XXIII. 790.
, Robert, English poet, XVI. 790.
, Roger de, earl of Shrewsbury,
XXI. 845.
Month, of the calendar, iv. 665; 11.
800; XXIV. 791; sidereal, II. 774,
800.
XXV. — 38
298
M O N — M O K
MONTHfiLON, Saiute ■ de (Madame de
Chant!il), French religieuse, ix. 696.
Monthly Reviews and Magazines,
XVIII. 536, 537.
Monti, Vincenzo, Italian writer, XIII.
514.
MONTICELLITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
Monticola, genus of birds, XXIII.
322.
Montiel, Snain, Battle of (1369), XVIII.
451-
MONTILL.A, town, Spain, XVi. 790; wine
of, XXIV. 607.
MONTLEHERI, France, Battle of (1465),
IX. 552.
MONTLUC, Blaise de Las.seran-llasscn-
come. Seigneur de, French governor
and writer, XVI. 791; IX. 653.
MoNTLugoN, town, France, xvi. 791.
MONTMARTRE, Heights of, Paris, xvill.
274.
MONTMIRAIL, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
MONTMOR, Louis de. Tomb of, in
Perpignan, France, XVIII. 556.
MONTMORENCY, river, Canada, XX.
165; falls, XXI. 181.
, distinguished French family, XVI.
791.
, Anne, Due de, constable of France,
XVI. 791; IX. 557.
BOUTTEVILLE, Duc de Luxem-
bourg, French general, xv. 86.
MONT.MORILLONITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
MONTMOROT. Salt mines of, France,
XIV. 868.
MONTOLIEU, Frederic, explorer of Ori-
noco, South America, xvii. 844.
MoNTORO, town, Spain, xvi. 792,
MONTPELIEK, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XVI. 792.
MONTPELLIER, town, France, xvi. 792;
academy of sciences, I. 71; medical
school, XV. S07 ; university, XXIH.
838.
MONTPENSIER, Duchesso de, French
princess, xvi. 792.
Montreal, town, Canada, xvi. 793;
xxi. iSi; climate of, IV. 771; Victoria
Bridge at, iv. 339; university, xxiii.
856.
, Island of, Canada, XVI. 795; xx.
165.
■ D'Ab.^rno, organizer of condot-
tieri, VI. 256.
MoKtreau-les-Mines, towp, France,
XXI. 302.
Montreuil, town, France, xvill. 340;
XXI. 624.
Montreux, to%vn, Switzerland, XXIV.
115.
Montrose, town, Scotland, xvi. 795.
' , First Marquis of, xvi. 795; XXI.
513-
MONTROUGE, Hill of, Paris, xviii. 274.
.Mont St Michel, islet, French coast,
XVI. 796.
MontsERRAT, island, West Indies,
XVI. 797.
, mountain, Spain, XVI. 797; mona-
stery on, XVI. 797.
Montsouris, Paris, Observatory al,
XVII. 712.
Montucla, Jean Etienne, French ma-
thematician, XVI. 798; on Theodosius's
spherics, XXIII. 260.
Monumental Effigies and Brasses,
VII. 694.
Monuments, Rude stone, xxi. 50.
Monumentum Ancyranum, inscrij)-
tion at Angora, II. 45; XIII. 133.
Mon-Yul, district, Tibet, XXIII. 341.
MONZA, town, Italy, XVI. 79S; cathedral
of, XXIII. 194.
MONZON, Spain, Treaty of (1626), IX.
568.
Moola, river, Baluchistan, III. 302.
MooLTAN, or Multan, district, India,
XVII. 19; town, XVII. 2o„
Moon, The, xvi. 798; 11. 774; elements
of, II. 782; influence of, on atmo-
spheric pressure, XVI. 124; calendar
regulated by, I v. 668; longitude found
from culminations of, XXIII. 395;
Greek legends of, XI. 680; libration
of, Mayer's observations on, XV. 649;
light from, xviii. S42; influence on
terrestrial magnetism, xvi. 178 ;
marine observations by means of, xvil.
269, 272; motion of, XI. 74; myths
of, XVII. 157; nutation of, xvii. 260;
parallax of, xvill. 252; phases of, II.
797; evolution of, in relation to tides,
XXIII. 378 ; influence of, on tides,
XXIII. 353, 354, 356, 365, 368; zodi-
acal light of, XXIV. 797; Kant's dis-
cussions on, XIII. 847 ; Ptolemy's
observations on, XX. 90.
, New, Jewish festival, XXI. 125.
Moon-Dial, vii. 154.
MOONGA, silkworm, XXII. 60.
Moonstone, mineral, xvi. 419.
Moor, Captain W., Arctic explorer, XIX.
318.
Moor-Buzzard, bird, xi. 491.
Moorcroft, William, English traveller,
XVI. 803.
Moore, Edward, English dramatist,
XVI. S03.
, Francis, his almanac, I. 591.
, Sir John, British general, xvi. 804;
his campaign in Spain, XVII. 214;
Wolfe's Lines on the Burial of, XXIV.
630.
, John, Scottish traveller and novel-
ist, XVI. S03.
, Sir Jonas, his contributions to
navigation, xvil. 256.
, Thomas, Irish poet, XVI. 805.
MOORFIELDS, London, XIV. 848.
Moor-Fowl, or Grouse, bird, XI. 222.
Moor-Hen, or Water-Hen, bird, XVI.
808.
Mooring, of sliips, xxi. 597.
Mooring Anchors, ii. 8.
Moor Park, Kertford.shire, England,.
XI. 772.
Moors, race of people, Africa, I. 261;.
XVI. 834; in Spain, XXII. 309, 327
330; expulsion of, from Spain, IX.
82.
MOORSHEDABAD, or Mursliidjibad, dis-
trict and town, India, xvii. 63.
MooRSOM System, of tonnage, xxui.
442.
MooRUK, bird, v. 186.
Moose, deer, vil. 24.
MOOSEHEAD, Lake, Maine, ij.S.A., XV.
298,
MOOSEHILLOCK, or Moosilauke, moun-
tain, Appalachians, U.S.A., XXIII. 792.
MoosSEEDORF, lake-dwelling, Bern,.
Switzerland, XIV. 223.
Moot, early English councii, xvill. 302.
Moots, law exercises, XIII. 88.
MOPH (Memphis), town of Scripture,.
XV. 847.
MOPLAS, race, India, XII. 746; XV. 1S5.
MOQUEGUA, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
Moquette Carpets, v. 130.
MOQUIS, American-Indian tribe, XII.-
833.
Mora, mountain. New Mexico, U.S.A.,.
xvii, 399.
, Albert de (Pope Gregory VIII.),
XI. 178.
MORADABAD, or Muradabad, district-
and town, India, xvii. ^2-
Moraines, glacier debris, x. 281, 627.
Moraleda Channel, Patagonia, xviii.
352-
Moralia, Plutarch's, xix. 233.
Magna (Great Ethics), Aristotle's,.
II- 513-
Moralities, or Moral Plays, vii. 413,
415; English, VIII. 416; early French,
IX. 645.
Morality, as affected by the Renais-
sance, XX. 387.
Moral Philosophy, or Ethics {q.v.),.
viii. 574.
Morals, Science of, see Ethics; influ-
ence of Christianity on, V. 697.
Moral Sense, or Conscience (q.v.), viii..
600; Hutcheson on, XII. 409.
Moral Sentiments, Theory of, Adam
Smith's work, xxil. 169; VIII. 602.
Moral Theology, or Theological
Ethics, XXIII. 275; Rothe on, XXI. 2;
XXIII. 269.
Moral Theology, Liguori's work, xiv.
634-
Morant Bay Insurrection, Jamaica,
XIII. 551.
Morar, Loch, Scotland, XI v. 217.
Morat, Switzerland, Battle of (1476),
V. 425; IX. 764; XXII. 7S7.
, Lake of, Switzerland, xiv. 220;
XVII. 361; XXII. 777.
Moratcha, river, Montenegro, xvi..
780.
M O R — M O R
299
MoRATIN, Leantlro Fernandes de,
Simnish dramatist and poet, xvi. S09;
XXII. 361.
, Nicolas Fernandez de, Spanish
poet, XVI. S09.
MORAVA, river, Moravia, XVI. 810.
, river, Servia, XXI. 686.
Moravia, crownland, Austria-Hungary,
XVI. 810.
Moravian Brethren, society of
Christians, XVI. 811; XXIV. 789; their
missions, XVI. 516; Spangenberg's
connexion with, XXII. 368; Zinzen-
dorfs, XXIV. 789.
M0R.AVIANS, Slavonic people of Europe,
XXII. 145; Episcopal Church of the,
vin. 491.
MdRAV, or Murray, Eail of, regent of
Scotland, xvii. 62; XXI. 503.
Morayshire, or Elgin, county, Scot-
land, VIII. 129.
MORBEGNO, town, Italy, xxiv. 45.
MoRBHANJ (KeunjharX etate, India,
XIV. 54.
Morbid Anatomy, Study of, xv. S16.
M0RB1H.4N, department, France, XVI.
812.
MORCHELLA, genus of Fungi, xvii. 76.
Mordants, in dyeing, vii. 573; in
calico printing, IV. 686.
MORDAUNT, Charles, earl of Peter-
borough, XVIII. 700.
MORDECAI, of Scripture, VlII. 560.
MORDVA, or Mordvinians, race, Russia,
XVI. 813.
MoRDviNE Languages, Dictionaries
of, VII. iSS.
MORDVINIANS, Ural-Altaic people,
Eussia, XVI. 813, 45.
More, Ben, mountain, Perthshire, Scot-
land, XVIII. 666.
, Sir Anthony, Dutch painter, xvi.
830.
, Hannah, English writer, XVI. 814.
, Henry, Engli'ih philosopher, xvi.
814; XVII. 134; his ethical teachirig,
VIII. 597
■ , Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas
More, XVI. 819.
= , Sir Thomas, lord chancellor of
England, XVI. 815; his execution, VIII.
335; XJ. 664; on communism, VI. 212;
as an English scholar, VIII. 414, 416;
his hatred of Lutheranism, VIII. 374.
Morea, peninsula, Greece, XI. 81.
Moreau, Hegesippe, French poet, XVI.
819.
, Jean Victor, French general, xvi.
820; III. 130J his rivalry with
Napoleon, XVII. 202, 204; his death,
XVII. 220.
MOREH Hannebokim, of Maimonides,
XV. 296.
Morel, edible fungus, XVII. 76.
(Eustache Deschamps), French poet,
VII. 128.
MORELIA, town, Mexico, XVI. 820, 214.
Morellet, Andre, French political
economist, XVI. 82 1.
MoRELOS, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
, Jos^ Maiia, Mexican Veader, XVI.
219.
MORENA, fish, XVII. 34.
— ; — , Sierra, Spain, XXII. 294.
Moreno, Gabriel, Peruvian botanist,
XVIII. 675.
Morenosite, mineral, xvi. 401:
MoRERi, Louis, his Grand Dictionnaire
Histoiique, VIII. 194.
Moresby Island, British Columbia,
XX. 170.
Moresque, in decoration, 11. 234.
MORETO, Augustin, Spanish dramatist,
XVI. 821; VII. 422; XXII. 359.
Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia,
XX. 171.
MoRETio, n (Alessandro Bonvicino),
Italian' painter, XXI. 436.
MORETUS, Flemish printer, XIX. 177.
MORGAGNI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
anatomist, XVI. 821; 1. S13; XV. 813.
Morgan, Edwin D., American politician,
XXIII. 790.
, Henry, buccaneer, IV. 409.
, Sydney Owenson, Lady, English
novelist and critic, XVI. 823.
, Thomas, on deism, VII. 35.
, Mount, gold-mines, Queensland,
XX. 173.
Morgana, Legend of, v. 325.
MoRG.\N.\Tic Marriage, xv. 569.
Morgan Loan, of France, xvii. 244.
Morgarten, Switzerland, Battles of
(1315, 179S), XXII. 783, 793.
Morges, lake-dweUing, Geneva, XIV.
22 "J.
MorghEN, Eaffaello Sanzio, Italian
engraver, XVi. 824.
Morgues, deadhouses, v. 331.
MORHOF, Daniel Georg, German writer,
XVI. 824.
MORIAH, Mount, Jerusalem, XVI. 824.
Moriconi, Pietro, archbishop, and
Pisan admiral, XIX. 119.
MORIER, James, English traveller and
Oriental writer, xvi. 824.
MORILLON, bird, xvi. 824.
MORIMO, divinity of the Bechuanas, III.
4-8.
MoRlllOND, France, Abbey of, v, 793.
MORIN, or Morinu.?, Jean, French Catho-
lic theologian, XVJ. 824.
MORIORIS, tribe, Chatham Islands,
Pacific, V. 444,
MoRiscQES, or Moors, in Spain, XXIL
326, 330.
MoRisoN, Eobert, his classification of
plants, IV. 7g.
MoRisoNiANS, Scottish religious sect,
VIII. 726.
MORK, Jakob Henrik, Swedish novelist,
XXII. 756.
MORL, Maria von. Stigmata of, xxil.
550.
T/IORLACHS, Tlach people, Dalmatia,
XXIV. 270.
MoRLAix, tov.11, France, xvi. 825.
MORLAND, George, English painter,
xvi. 82 5.
, San-uel, on pUnt reproauction, IV.
82.
MORMAER, ancient Scottish title, xv.
524.
Mormons, religious sect, xvi. 82 5;
Mormonism, XVI.-828; xxi. 235;
XXIV. 21.
Mormops, genua of bats, xv. 414.
MORNAY, Philippe de, Frendh Pro-
testant writer, XVI. 628.
Morning Advertiser, London news-
paper, XVII. 419.
Morning Chronicle, London news-
paper, XVII. 417.
Morning Post, London newspaper,.
XVII. 417.
MORNV, Due de, French politician, XVL
829.
MORO, Attoni, Dutch painter, XVI. 830;.
XXI. 439.
Morocco, country. North Africa, xvi.
830; 1. 265; Jews' in, xiil. 687;
weights and measures of, xxiv. 490.
, to\\-n, iSJorth Africa, xvi. 835.
Leather, xiv. 388.
Morocochite, mineral, xvi. 394.
Moron, or Moron de la Frontera, town,
Spain, XVI. S36; XXI. 70S.
MORONE, Pietro di (Pope Celestine V.),
V. 291.
RIORONI, Giambattista, Italian painter,
XVL 836; XXI. 436.
MOROSINI, Venetian noble family, xvi.
836.
, Francesco, doge of Venice and
admiral, XVI. 837; XL 121; xiil. 484;.
XXIV. 147.
Morotai, island, Indian Archipelago,
XIIL 692.
Morpeth, town, England, xvi. 837.
, Lord (seventh earl of Carlisle),'
English statesman, v. no.
Morpheus, in Latin mythology, xvi.
S37.
Morphia, narcotic drug, xvii. 231,
792- f
Morphography, ill zoology, xxiv.
803.
Morphology, science of organic lorm,
XVI. 837; III. 681; XX. 420; in relation
to evolution, •VIII. 750; to physiology,
XIX. 8; of Protozoa, XIX, 832; of
Schizomycetes, XXI. 40 j.
Morphy, Paul, American chess-player,
V. 602.
MORRICE-DANCE, XVL 846.
MORRIN College, Quebec, Canada,
XX. 169.
Morris, Robert, American statesman,
XVI. 846.
William, English artistic designer,j
XXIIl. 213,
300
M O R — M O T
M0RRISANI.\, suburb of Xew Yori,
XVII. 458.
Morris-Dance, xvi. S46.
Morrison, John, paraphrases and
l-.ymns by, XII. 593.
, Robert, missionary to China, XVI.
846.
, Mount, Formosa, ix. 415.
• Observatory, Glasgow, Missouri,
U.S.A., XVII. 715.
JilORRlSTOWN, town. New Jersey,
U.S.A., XVI. 847.
MORRONE, Monte, Italy, Monastery of,
XXII. 634.
Worse, walrus, xv. 443; xxiv, 337.
, Samuel Finley Brcese, American
inventor, xvi. 847; his contributions
to telegraphy, XXIII. 113, 119.
M0RSHAN6K, town, Russia, xvi. 848;
XXIII. 41.
MORSZTYN, Count Andrew, Polish
courtier and poet, xix. 290, 302.
Mortality, in hospitals, xii. 302; by
suicide, XXII. 629; tables of, for in-
surance purposes, xiii. 169. See also
Longevity.
, BiUs of; XXII. 462.
MORTAR, of lime, xiv. 647; making of,
IV. 460; Roman, XX. 808, 809.
, gun, XI. 306.
MORTARIUM, Roman dish, XIX. 619.
MORTE D' Arthur, romance, xx. 642;
Malory's, X. 173; XV. 337.
MORTEIRA, Saul Levi. Dutch rabbi,
XXII. 400.
Mortgage, in law, xvi. 848; .xxiii.
596; on land, XIV. 265, 270; in Roman
law, XX. 690; Welsh, IV. 254.
Mortification, or Gangrene, xvi. 849;
treatment of, XXII. 68 3.
Mortimer, John, on the Art of Hus-
bandry, I. 299.
, Roger, earl of March, viii. 320,
327-
, Roger, courtier of Edward II.'s
and III.'s reigns, vii. 683.
Mortlake, Surrey, England, Tapestry
manufacture at, XXIII. 213.
Mortmain, Statutes of, xvi. 849; v.
401; VIII. 373; xxiii. 596; as applied
to corporations, vi. 433.
Morto da Feltre, Italian painter, IX.
69.
Morton, Fourth Earl of, regent of
Scotland, XVI. 849; xiii. 558; xxi.
506.
, Oliver P., American politician,
XXIII. 790.
, Samuel George, on the American
races, 1. 686.
MORU, temple, at Lhasa, Tibet, XIV.
499-
Morula, in animal development, 11. 51;
VIII. 746.
Morus, genus of trees, XVII. 13.
, Alexander, Milton's an.«wer to,
XVI. 333.
MORVAN, district, France, XVII. 496.
MORVEAU, Eavon Guyton de, French
chemisl, XI. 343; v. 466.
MoRVENiTE, mineral, xvi. 423.
MORZUK, or Murzuk, oasis and town,
Sahara, Africa, XVIL 695; XXI. 150.
Mosaic, tesselated work, xvi. 849; xili.
81; ancient, II. 367; in Monreale
cathedral, XVI. 755; in Ravennese
churches, XX. 296.
Law, Philo's e-xposition of the,
XVIII. 763.
MOSAISM, religion of Israel, XIII. 399;
XX. 361.
MOSAMBIQUE SUBREGION, of birds, III.
759-
MosANDRITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
IWOSANDRIUM, Spectrum of, XXII. 377.
Mosasaurus, genus of fossil reptiles, I.
679; XX. 445.
Moscha (Muscat), ancient town, Arabia,
XVII. 64.
MOSCHELES, Ignaz, Austrian pianist,
XVI. 855.
Moscherosch, Johann Michael, Ger-
man satirist, X. 531.
MoscHOPOLis, town, Epirus, xxiv.
270.
MOSCHUS, genus of deer, xv. 430, 432;
XVII. 107.
of Syracuse, Greek poet, XVI.
855.
Moscow, government, Russia, xvi. 855;
XXI. 69.
, town, Russia, XVI. 856; XXI. 70;
founding of, XXI. 90 ; burning of
(1812), :x. 616; XVII. 217; great bell
of. III. 539; libraries, xiv. 533, 549;
newspapers, xvii. 430; observatory,
XVII. 714; university, xxill. 852.
KOSELEKATZE, Zulu chief, Transvaal,
XXIII. 518; XXIV. 82S.
MoSELLE, river, Rhenish Prussia, XX.
20; in France, XX. 519.
Wines, xxiv. 611.
MosER, Johan Jakob, German jurist,
XVI. 860.
, Mary, Swiss artist, Xiv. 16.
MoSER, Justus, German historian and
economist, X. 535; XVIII. 56; XIX.
364-
MosES, of Scripture, XVI. 860; XIII.
397; as prophet, XIX. 816.
, Apocalypse of, II. 177. See also II.
176.
, Assumption of. anocalyptic book,
II. 177.
of Aggel, Syriac WTitcr, XXII. 836.
of Chorene, Armenian historian,
XVI. 861; II. 550, 551.
BAR Kepha, Syriac writer, XXII.
846.
Moses's Principia, Hutchinson's work,
XII. 41 !.
MoSHEH, rabbi, Talmud'-'t, XXIII. 39.
, rabbi of Leon, Kabbalistic wtiter,
XVI. 2S6.
MOSHEIM, Johann Lorenz von, German
churc'i historian, xvi. 863; v. 765.
M0.5XEN, island, Norway, Xiv. 769;
XXIV. 542.
MosKEN;ES, island, Norway, Xiv. 769;
XXIV. 542.
MosKENSTROM, tidal current, Norway,
XXIV. 542.
MoSKOVVA, Prince de la (Marshal Ney),
French general, XVII. 472.
Moslem Religion, or Mohammed-
anism (q.v.), XVI. 545.
MosLiM, Abu, Abbasid generaL xvi.
576, 578.
BEN Okba, Moslem general, XVI.
568.
Mosos, Tibetan tribe, xxiii. 344.
Mosque, Mohammedan place of wor-
ship, xvi. 863; arcliitectuie of, II. 446;
mural decorations in, xvil. 3 5 ; mosques
at Baghdad, in. 232 ; at Bijapur, India,
III. 669 ; at Constantinople, vi. 305 ;
the Great, at Damascus, vi. 791 ; at
Herat,Xl.7i4; at Kairwan, Tunis, xill.
824; the Great, at Mecca, XV. 672, 674;
of Mohammed, at Medina, XV. 819.
Mosquito, insect, xvi. 866; x. 700;
XIII. 150; as a pronagator of disea-'e,
xviii. 271.
Reserve (or Coast), Nicaragua,
XVII. 479.
Mosrif, Moslem general, xvi. 568.
Moss-Agate, mineral, i. 278; xvi.
Mossamedes, government. West Africa,
iiL 572.
MOSSBUNKER, fish, XVI. lo.
Mosses, group of plants, XVI. 70; XXIV.
128; reproduction in, iv. 161; XX.
423; herbarium for, XI. 718.
Mossley, town, England, xvi. 867.
Mosso, his observations on sleep, XXII.
'55-
Mostadi bi-amr-illah, caliph, xvi.
5^8.
MosTAiN billah, caliph, xvi. 585.
MOSTAKFI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 587.
MOSTANJID BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTANSIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MosTAR, town, Herzegovina, xvi. S67.
MOSTARSHID BILLAH, caliph, XVI." 588.
MOSTASIM BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTAZHIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 5S8.
Mosul, town, Mesopotamia, xvi. 868.
MOTACILLA, genus of birds, Xiv. 82:
XVII. 499; XVIII. 53; XXIV. 316, 366
MOTADID BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOTAGUA, river, Guatemala, XI. 239.
MOTAMID ALA LLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOTANABBl, Arabic poet, XVii. i; xvi.
595-
MOTANE, island, Marquesa.s, Pacific, XV.
564.
MOTASIM BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 584.
MOTAWAKKIL, caliph, xvi. 585.
, Moorish leader, in Spain, XXII.
3'7-
:\r 0 T — M u D
301
MOTAZILITES, Moslem sect, xvi. 576,
592.
MOTAZZ BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 5S6.
MOTENEBBI, or Motanabbi, Arabic poet,
XVII. i; XVI. 595.
Motet, in music, xvii, 82.
MOTEUCZOMA (MontezumaX king of
ancient Mexico, vi. 441; XVI. 209.
MOTHE, Marquis de la, French diplo-
matist, IX. 72.
Mother Carey's Chickens, biras,
XVIII. 712.
Mother Hubbard's Tale, Spenser's
poem, XXII. 395.
Mother-of-Pearl, shell, xvil. i ;
fishery, xvni. 447.
Motherwell, town, Scotland, xvii.
2.
, William, Scottish poet, XVll. 2.
Moths, insects, iv. 592; xill. 151; silk-
worm moths, XXII. 57.
Mo Tl, Chinese philosopher, xvi. 4.
MOTI LILLAH, caliph, XVI. 587.
MOTI Masjid, mosqne, Agra, India, i.
286.
Motion, in applied mechanics, xv. 752;
in relation to energj', viil. 207; laws
of, XV. 701, 715, 746; science of
matter in, xv. 676; Trendelenburg's
philosophical theory of, XXIII. 543:
Zeno's theory, XXIV. 778.
, Animal, ix. 308.
, Perpetual, xviii. 553.
Motley, John Lothrop, American
historian, xvii. 2; 1. 724.
MOTMOT, bird, xvil. 3.
Motor Machine, Electric, xxiil. 496,
50S.
Motors, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
Motril, town, Spain, xvii. 4.
Mott, Valentine, American surgeor
xvii. 4.
Mottaki lillah, caliph, xvi. 587.
MOTTE, La, mountain, Utah, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 19.
KIOTTE-FoUQui, Baron de la, German
wTiter, IX. 486.
MOTTEUX, Peter, English journalist,
xviii. 537.
Motteville, Madame de, French
courtier and authoress, xvil. 4; IX.
660.
Motto, in heraldry, XI. 710.
Mottramite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Motya, ancient stronghold, Sicily, XV.
571-
MOTVCA (Modica), ancient town, Sicily,
XVI. 542.
MoucHY, Mari5chal de (Philippe de
NoaiUes), French general, xvii. 523.
MouFFLOy, kind of sheep, XXI. 784;
xxiii. 635.
MoUKDEN, town, Manchuria, v. 641;
XV. 466.
MotjLDiNG, in architecture, II. 467; in
joinery, IV. 487 ; Greek, II. 408 ;
Roman, II. 418.
Moulds, for castings, ix. 480.
MoULE, Henry, his Manure for the
Million, I. 349.
Moulin, Peter du, French Presbyterian
divine, xvi. 333.
MOULINS, in glaciers, X. 627.
, town, France, xvii. 4.
MOULMEIN (Maulmain), iown, British
Burmah, xv. 635.
MOULSEV, East, town, England, XXII.
694.
Moult, of birds, III. 775.
Moultrie, John, poet pastor of Rugby,
XXI. 56.
MoujTDS, Animal, of Wisconsin, XXIV.
618.
AND-MOUND-BUILDERS, of North
America, in. 399.
Mountain, The, French Revolutionist
party, IX. 602.
— — Artillery, ii. 662.
Le.^ther, mineral, XVI. 418.
Paper, mineral, xvi. 418.
Ranges, Elie de Beaumont's
theory of, VIII. 134.
Mountains, xvii. 4; x. 370; arrange-
ment of, in ranges, I. 623.
Mounted Infantry, Tactical manage-
ment of, XXIV. 358.
Mountjoy, Lord, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, XIIL 265.
Mountmellick, town, Ireland, XX.
171.
Mountrath, town, Ireland, XX. 171.
Mount Vernon, town, Ohio, U.S.A.,
XVII. 4.
Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.A.,
Washington's residence, XXIV. 388.
MouRiLLON, arsenal, Toulon, France,
XXIII. 484.
MouRNE Mountains, Irelaqd, vii.
382-
MoURROUS mountain, France, XX.
126.
MouRZUK, or Murzuk, town, Fezzan,
Africa, IX. 130; XXIII. 575.
Mouse, rodent mammal, xvii. 5; xv.
419; red field, xxiv. 277.
, Jumping, of Labrador, XIIL
626.
Mouse-Bird, xvil 6.
Moustiers, Ba-sses-Alpes, Trance,
Pottery ware of, xix. 630.
Moutan P/EONy, plant, xviii. 132.
Mouth, Anatomy of the, I. 837 ; vii.
221; of fishes, XII. 636, 654; of mam-
mals, XV. 361.
MoUTIERS, town, Savoie, France, xxi.
332-
MOUTON (Jean of Lorraine), musician,
XVII. 85.
Movable Property, in Roman law,
XX. 673 ; in Scots law, xviii. 665 ;
personal estate, xviii. 664.
Movers, Franz Karl, German Orient-
alist,' XVII. 7; on the Pentateuch,
xviii. 506.
Mowatta, book of Moslem traditions,
XVI. 594.
Mowing Machine, agricultural imple-
ment, I. 323.
Mow Runipore CMau Ranipur), town,
India, XV. 636.
Moxuene, ancient district, Asia, xiv.
159-
Moy, river, Ireland, xv. 650; xxil.
159-
Moy's Aerial Steamer, ix. 323.
Movune, green tea, China, v. 635.
MOZABITES, people of Algeria, I. 564.
Mozambique, province and "island.
East Africa, XVII. 7; I. 270; languages
of, XXIV. 828; opium cultivation of,
XVII. 792.
Mozarab, name applied to Christian,
communities in Arab Spain, XVII. 8.
Mozarabic Breviary, Hymns of the,
XII. 582.
MbZART, Leopold, German violinist,
XVII. 8.
, Wolfgadg Amadeus, German com-
poser, XVII. 8; as symphonist, xvii.
96; dementi's contest with, v. 824.
MozDOK, to-n-n, Russian Caucasia, xvil.
11; XXIII. 186.
MoZLEV, James Bowling, English theo-
logian, XVII. 12.
MOZUFFERNUGGER, district and town.
India, xvii. 114.
MOZUFFERPORE, district and town,
India, xvil. 114.
MOZYR, town, Russia, xvi. 479.
Mrs Caudle's Curtain Lectures,
Jerrold's work, XIIL 633.
Mrs Veal, Defoe's book, vii. 28, 468.
MSTINO, lake, Russia, XXIII. 672.
Mtesa, king of Uganda, Africa, XXIII.
718.
Mtsensk, town, Russia, XVII. 12, 826.
Mtzhet, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 514.
Muanda, town, Loango, Africa, XIV.
743-
Muawwiyah, or Moawiya, Arab
governor of Syria, II. 258; XVI. 563,
564.
Mu^A b. Nosair, Moslem general, xvi,
572-
Much Ado About Nothing, Shake-
speare's play, XXI. 764.
Much Wenlock, town, England,
XXIV. 501.
Mucilage, visivid substance, xvii. 12;
XI. 276.
MucKROSS Abbey, Kerry, Ireland, xiv.
52, 76.
MUCORINI, suborder of Fungi, IX.
830.
Mucous Glands, of the' mouth, vii.
222.
Mucous Membrane, l 847; xvii. 668;
catarrhal diseases of, xvill. 378.
Mucous Sarcoma, disease, xviii. 369.
Mudar Gum, xi. 339.
302
M U D — M U N
MUDDIMAN, Henry, English news-book
■»Titer, xvn. 414.
Mud-Fish, xii. 6S8.
Mud Mite, arachnid, xvi. 528.
MUDROS, town, Lemnos. Turkey, XI v.
436-
MUDSTONE, mineral, x. 237.
Mud Volcanoes, x. 250.
MuFFAT, Georg, German musician,
XVII. 90.
Muffle Furnace, 1X..842.
MUFFLON, kind of sheep, XXI. 784;
XXIII. 635.
Mufti, Grand, high-pnest of Islam,
XXII. 661.
Mug.\, silkworm, XXII. 60.
MUGETO (Mogahid), Saracen leader, xix.
119.
M UCG LETON, Lodowick, English sectary,
XVII. 12.
Mughal (Mogul), aynasty in India, xii.
794; in. 569.
MUGHALS (Moguls), class of Moham-
medans, in India, XII. 746.
MUGHLA, town, Asia Minor, v. 103.
MUGIL, genus of fishes, XVII. 18.
MUG NUADAT, Irish king, XIII. 246.
MUGOJAR Hills, Russia, xxin. 627;
XXIV. 4.
Muhammad, shah of Khwarizm, xiii.
621.
, shah of Persia, XV 1 1 1. 649.
l.j Turkish sultan, XXIII. 641.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 642,
656.
III., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 644.
IV., Turkish sultan, XXIIL 645.
MiJHLECK, Barbara von, -ijife of Kepler,
XIV. 45.
Muhlenberg, William A., American
hymn-writer, XII. 596.
Muhlhausein, town, Prussia, XVII. 12;
XXI. 360.
Muilrea, mountain, Ireland, XV. 650.
MuiR, John, Scottish Orientalist, XVII.
'3-
Ml'lRCERTACH, Irish king, XIII, 254.
MUKAMA, town, India, xvni. 409.
MuKHTARl, Persian writer, xvui. 657.
MUKSU, river, Western Asia, xviii.
103.
MuLA, town, Spain, XVII. 13; mineral
spring of, XVII. 51.
MULAHACEN, Cerro de,mountam, Spain,
XXII. 294.
MULAIR KOTELAH (Maler ILotla), state,
India, XV. 332.
Mulatto, issne of white and Negro
parents, xvii. 319.
Mulberry, tree, xvii. 13; xii. 272;
leaves as food for silkworms, XXII. 58.
Mule, offspring of horse and ass, xvil.
13; XIL 175.
, spinning machine, for cotton, VI.
496; for wool, XXIV. 659.
Mule-Power, in mechanics, XV. 772.
ilULEY Saw, XXI. 344.-
Mulge, Assyrian divinity, IIL 193.
MULGRAVE ARCHirELAGO, or Eastern
Carolines, Pacific Ocean, V. 126.
IMULGRAVE Castle, Yorkshire, Eng-
land, XXIV. 749.
Mulhausen, town, German Alsace,
XVII. 15.
Mulheim-am-Rhein, to^Ti, Prussia,
XVH. 16.
Mulheim-an-der-Ruhr, town, Prus-
sia, XVII. 16.
Mulit.a, edentate mammal, XV. 388
Mull, island, Scotland, xvii. 16.
Muller, Adam, German economist,
XIX. 3S8.
— —, Ferdinand Baron von, on the plants
of Australia, III. no, iii.
, Friedrich ilax, on the science of
religion, XX. 359, 365; his theory of
mythology, xvii. 137.
, Fritz, on zoological classification,
XXIV. 811.
, George, Plymouthist, XIX. 239.
, Heinrich, German Pietist, XIX. 83.
, Johann.(RegiomontanuB), German
astronomer, XX. 341; II. 751.
, Johann von, Swiss historian, XVII.
16; xxn. 798.
, Johannes, German physiologist and
naturalist, xvii. 17; xxL 460; XXIV.
SoS; on birds, XVIII. 28; on fishes,
XII. 634; on reptiles, XX. 437, 440.
, Johannes, pharmacist and chemist,
XVII. 17.
, Johann Heinrich Jakob, his ex-
periments in magnetism, XV. 253.
, Jolin,Englislimathematiciau, xvii.
17-
, Karl Otfried, German ■writer on
ancient Greece, XVII. 17.
, 0. F., German naturalist, XXIV.
806.
, P. L. S., on birds, XVIII. 7.
-, William James, English painter,
XVH. 17.
Muller's Glass, mineral, xvi. 390.
Mullet, fish, xvii. 18; grey, xii. 691.
, in heraldry, XI. 703.
Mullingar, town, Ireland, xvn. iS;
XXIV. 513.
MULLION, in architecture, II. 468.
Mull of Galloway, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
MULLUS, genus of fishes, XVII. iS.
Mulmul, woven fabric, xvii. 109.
MULREA, mountain, Ireland, xiii. 214.
Mulre.\dy,- William, Irish painter,
XVIL 19.
Multan, district, India, xvn. 19; town,
XVII. 20.
Multiple, in arithmetic, 11. 528.
Multiplepoinding, in Scots law, xvn.
20. .
Multiple Telegraphy, xxin. 124.
Multiplication, in algebra, i. 520; in
arithmetic, n. 527; tables, xxni. S;
Herwart's table, XVII. 1S3.
Mulucha, or Muluya, river. North-
west Africa, xv. 636; XV i. 830, 832.
Mu;iiBA Mulyaka, Arab apostle, Lacca-
dives, XIV. 183.
MU.MMIUS; Roman general, XXII. 306.
Mummy, xvii. 20; embalming of, viii.
158; Eg5'ptian, vn. 722; IX. 826;
Phoenician, xvni. 810.
Figures, on pottery, xix. 603.
Wheat, xxiv. 533.
Mumps, disease, XVII. 22.
MUN, Thomas, English economist, XIX.
357-
MUNBV, English idyl-writer, XVIII.
348.
Munch, Andreas, Norwegian poet, Xvil.
591.
, Peter Andreas, Norwegian his-
torian, XVII. 592.
Munchausen, Baron, German story-
teller, XVIL 23.
Munchausen, Baron, curator of
Gdttingen univeisity, XXIII. 847, 850.
Munchen (Munich, q.v.), capital of
Bavaria, xvn. 24.
MUNCIE, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xvn.
23-
Munday, Anthony, English dramatist,
XVII. 23.
Mundbriech, Cinque Port privilege,
V. 787.
Mundic (Marcasite), mineral, XV. 532;
X.X. 128.
Mundlah (Mindla), town, India, xv.
476.
Mundorf, watering-place, Luxemburg,
XV. 87.
Mundu, town,- Java, Xin. 606.
Mungir, district and town, India, XVI.
739-
Mungo, St (Kentigern), Celtic mission-
ary, XIV. 40.
, cloth made from rags, XXIV. 661.
Mungofa, or Gopher, tortoise, X.
780.
Mungoos, carnivorous mammal, jcn.
629; XV. 436.
Muni btsan-po, Tibetan king, XSIII.
345-
Munich, capital of Bavaria, XVII. 24;
academy of sciences, I. 7 1 ; revival of
art in, VI. 422; ai1; treasures of, Xiv.
16; libraries, XIV. 526, 547; observa-
tory, XVII. 713; Pinakothek picture
gallery, XXI. 445; Rubens's picture in
gallery, XXI. 44 ; technical school,
XXIIL 109; university, XXin. 848;
congress of Old Catholics at (1871),
xvn. 755.
Municipal Corporations, vl 435.
Municipal Elections, English law
of, vm. 2.
Municipality, xvii. 27; rise of muni-
cipalities, IV. 62.
Municiph, Roman, XX. 740, 745.
Muniments, National, of England.
XX. 310.
M U N — M U S
303
MUNIPORE rManipur), state, India, ^
XV. 489.
Munku-Sardyk, mountain, Siberia,
XXII. 3.
MUNNARCUDI, town, India, xxill. 47.
MUNOTK, Castle of, Schaffhausen,
Smtzerland, XXI. 387.
MUNSTER, province, Ireland, XIII. 215.
, early Irish kingdom, XIII. 245.
, Book of, Irish legends, v. 309.
MUNSTER, town, Prussia, XVII. 31 ;
congress of (1643), III. 268; Anabap-
tist outbreak at, I. 786.
, Sebastian, German Hebraist, geo-
grapher, and mathematician, XVII. 31.
MUNTAK, town, Banca, East Indies, III.
30S.
MtJNTANER, Tiamon, Catalan writer,
XXII. 363.
MUNTASIR, Samanid prince and poet,
XXI. 242.
MUNTJAK, or Mintjac, deer, xvil. 31;
VII. 25; XIII. 602; XV. 432.
MuNTZ Metal, Strength of, xxii. 603.
MuNZER, Thomas, German Anabaptist,
XVII. 32; I. 786; III. 353; XV. 76;
XVII. 12, 134.
MUNZINGER, 'Werner, Swiss traveller
in Africa, xvii. ^3.
MuR, river, Styria, Austria, xxil. 614.
Ml'R.^d, or Amurath, I., Turkish sultan,
I. 781; xxiii. 641.
II., Turkish sultan, I. 781; xxill.
641.
» III., Turkish sultan, I. 782; XXlll.
644.
IV., Turkish sultan, I. 782; xxiii.
645.
v., Turkish sultan, xxiil. 652.
MUR.4DAEAD, district and town, Iifdia,
xvii, 33.
MURjEN.4, fish, xvii. 33.
Mural Decoration, xvii. 34; xxiii.
158; on clay, XIX. 605 ; Etruscan paint-
ings, viii. 644; stereochromy, xxil.
54; tiles, XXIII. 389.
Murano, island, Venice, xvii. 48; glass-
making at, X. 652.
MUR.\T, Joachim, French marshal and
king of Naples, xvii. 48, 191.
MUR.\T0RI, Ludovico Antonio, Italian
scholar, xvii. 49; xill. 512; canon of,
V. S.
MURAVIEFF, to-im, Sakhalin, XXI. 147.
MURCHISON, Sir Roderick Impey,
British geologist, xvil. 50.
, river, Weateru Australia, XXIV.
507.
Fall, NUe, Africa, xvil. 505.
MURCHISONITE, mineral, XVL 419.
MuRCHisoN Mountains, South Africa,
XXIIL 517.
Murcia, province, Spain, xvn. 51;
XXII. 298; to^vn, XVIL 52.
Murder, in law, xvii. 52 ; cases of,
before the Areopagus, II. 482; ordeal
for discovery of, xvn. 819,
Murdock, or Murdoch, William, Scot-
tish inventor, XVII. 53; introducer of
gtis-lighting, X. 88.
Mure, William, historian of Greek litera-
ture, XVII. 53.
MURET, or Muretus, Marc Antoine,
French humanist, xvn. 54; his Latin-
ity, XIV. 342.
, France, Battle of (1213), xviii.
450.
MuREXiDE, ammonium fsalt, XXIV. 12.
Murfreesboro', U.S.A., Battle of
(1S63), XXIIL 778.
Murger, Henry, French writer, XVII.
54-
MuRGHAB, river. Central Asia, I. 242;
XVL 43; XXIIL 511, 512.
, or Murgab, town, Persia, XVIII.
55S, 567.
Muriacite, mineral, xvi. 400.
Muriatic Acid Gas, as a poison, xix.
279.
MuRiDiE, fanuly of rodent mammals,
XV. 418.
Murie, Dr, on ornithology, xviil. 39.
MURILLO, Bartolom(5 Esteban, Spanish
painter, xvii. 55; xxi. 440.
MuRiLLo'S MuL.\TTO (Sebastian
Gomez), Spanish painter, xvn. 56.
MURIN/E, subfamily of rodent mam-
mab, xvn. 5.
MURINO, ■vTJlage, Ras-sia, xxi. 194.
MuRis, Jean de, musician, xix. 65.
MURMIS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
MURNER, Thomas, German satirist, x.
527.
MuROM, town, Russia, xvil. 57; prin-
cipality, XXI. S9.
Murphy, Anna (Mrs JamesoL.), English
writer, XIII. 562.
. Arthur, Irish dramatist, xvn. 57.
, Dennis Jasper (C. R. Maturin),
Irish novelist and dramatist, xv. 635.
, J. J , on evolution, vni. 766.
, Robert, Irish mathematician, xvn.
57-
MURR.\IN, diseases of domestii. animals,
xvn. 57; I. 304.
Murray, Earl of, regent of Scotland,
xvn. 625 XIII. 557; xv. 595; xxl
503-
, Lord George, Scottish Jacobite,
XXI. 526.
, John, Scottish chemist, xvii. 62.
, John, American universalist, XXIII.
831.
, Lindley, American graimliarian, I.
722.
, Sir Robert, foimder of Royal
Society, xvn. 63.
, William, first earl of Mansfield,
XV. 498.
, Jlount, Canada, XX. 165.
Cod, fith, xvn. 62.
River, Australia, xvn. 62, 408;
IJI. 107; XXIL 2S4; XXIV. 215
Murre, bird, XL 262; XX. 302.
MURREE, sanatorium, Punjab, India,
XVIL 63.
MuRRUMBiDGEE, river, Australia, xvii.
62, 408.
MuRSHiDABAD, district and town, India,
xvn. 63.
MURSHID KuLI Khan, nawab of Ben-
gal, xii. 800.
MURTEN, or Morat, Switzerland, Battle
of (1476), V. 425; IX. 764; xxii. 787.
Murtizabad (Halji), town, India, xi.
379-
Murusi, voivodes of Moldavia, xxi. 20.
MuRViEDRO, town, Spain, xxi. 149.
Murzuk, town, Fezzan, Africa, ix. 130;
XXIIL 575; sand dunes of, XXI. 150.
Mus, genus of rodent mammals, xvn. 5;
XV. 419; XX. 287.
, Roman family, xvn. 64.
MusA, genus of plant?, xv. 488; XIX.
176.
(Hadi), caliph, xvi. 581.
, Moorish emir of Saragossa, XXIL
312.
, All ibn, Moslem majtyr, Persia,
XVI. 4&.
, Mohammed b., Arab algebraist,
L 512.
b. Nosair, Moslem invader of
Spain, XVI. 572, 573; xxil. 309
Mus.BUS, Greek poet, xvn. 64.
Mus.\us, Johann Karl August, German
T\Titer, xvn. 64.
MusCA, genus of insects, XII. 317.
Musc.E VOLIT ANTES, disease of the eye,
xvn. 783.
MusCARDlNE, disease of silkvrorm,
XXIL 59.
Muscat, town, Arabia, xvii. 64.
Muscatine, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xvn;
65.
MUSCI, group of plants, XIV. 719;
xvn. 70.
MusciCAPlD/E, order of birds, IX. 351;
XIV. 81.
MUSCINE.E, class of plar(t5, xvn. 65;
XXIV. 128; reproduction of, XX. 423.
Muscles, of human body, I. S33 ;
XIX. 8; affected by magnetism, xv.
281; repair of, xvni. 367; of apes,
II. 163; of birds, in. 724: of reptiles,
XX. 455.
Muscovado Sugar, xxii. 626
Muscovite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Muscovy, name for Russia, xxi. 89.
Muscular Atrophy, disease, xviil
392-
Muscular Sensations, xxiii. 483.
Muscular System, Physiology of the,
XIX. 8. See also Muscles.
Muscular Tissues, Anatomy of, 1.
856; of animals, xil. 8.
Museler's Lamp, vl 73.
Muses, The, in Greek mythology, XVIL
74-
Mushed, or Mashhad (j.u.), town,
Persia, xvin. 626.
304
M U S — M Y O
MusHICONGOS, tribe, Congo, Africa,
Vi. 267.
MUSHITZKI, Lucian, Servian pott,
XXI. 691.
Mushroom, edible fungus, xvii. 74; ix.
832; XII. 2S4; ketchup from, xiv. 54.
Music, XVII. 77 ;. as a fine art, IX.
205; scientific basis of, xvil. 102;
academies of, i. 78; conservatories of,
VI. 291; copyright in, VI. j6o; ecclesi-
astical, XIX. 168; in relation to
poetry, XIX. 260, 262; printing-tj-pe
of, XXIII. C96; speeJ-measuring instru-
ment, XVI. 198 ; staft' notation, XI.
257; ancient, Boetius on. III. 857 ;
French, Rousseau's influence on, XXI.
25; Greek, Boeckh on. III. 851;
Hebrew, xx. 34; contributions to the
science by Gerbert, XXII. 76 ; by
Purcell, XX. 113; by Palestrina,
XVIII. 179; by Tartini, XXIII. 71; by
Zarlino, XXIV. 77:; Burney's History
of, IV. 565; Hindu works on, XXI. 293;
Rameau's theorie-s of, XX. 265.
MUSIC.\L Box, XVII. 106.
Music.\L Glasses, xi. 481.
Music.\L Harmo.w, Principles of. l.
107.
Musical Instruments, their origin,
XVII. 77.
Musical Strinxs, Laws of, i. in,
I! 2.
Music Halls, Laws relating to, XXlli.
228.
Musk, perfume, xvii. 106; xviii. 526.
MuSK-DEER, XVIl. 107; VII. 25; XV.
432.
Muskeget, island, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XVIL 174.
Muskegon, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XVII. 108.
MUSKELUNGE, fish, XIX.' 89.
Musket, gun, 11. 558; xi. 284.
Muskingum, river, Ohio, U.S.A., xvii.
734-
Muskogees, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 831.
MusKOKA, district, Ontai-io, Canada,
XVII. 776.
MusK-Ox, ungulate mammal, XVII.
108.
Musk-Rat, rodent mammal, xvil. 108;
XV. 418,419; skins of, IX. S38.
Musk Root, drug, xxii. 641.
Muslih-Uddin (Sadi), Pei-sian poet,
XXI. 142.
Muslin, cotton fabric, xvii. log; vi.
488, 500; origin of tie nams, XVI.
868.
Musonius Rufus, Roman Stoic, xxii.
573-
Mus0PH.\G.4, genus of birds, XXIII.
4S7.
Musquash, rodent mammal, -xv. 418,
419; XVII. 108.
MusQUODOBOiT, river. Nova Sicotia,
XVII. 601.
Mussato, Albertino, Italian dramatist,
XIII. 506.
MUSSCHENBROEK, Pieter van, Dutch
scientist, xvii, 109; on magnetism,
XV. 236.
Mussel, mollusc, xvii. no; xvi. 686;
parasite of, xxiil. 540; in New Guinea,
XVII. 3S9; fisheries, ix. 265.
Musselburgh, tovm, Scotknd, xvii.
no.
Musset, Alfred de, French poet and
dramatist, xvii. in; ix. 676, 677; his
relations with George Sand, vii. 509.
, Paul de, French biographer, xvii.
III.
Mussite, mineral, xvi. 416.
MussOLOS, tribe, Congo, Africa, Vi.
267.
Mussooree, station, India, vii. 33.
MUSSURONGOS, tribe, Congo, Africa, VI.
267.
Mustafa I., Turkish sufran, xxiii.
644.
II., Turkish sultan, x.xiu. 646.
III., Turkish sultan, XXIIL 647.
IV., Turkish sultan, xxili. 648.
, Kara, Turkish vizier, XIX. 296;
XIV. 466; XXIII. 645.
B. Aedallah (Hadji Klialfa),
Arabic A\-riter, Xi. 377.
Mustard, plant and seed, xvii. 112; i.
377. 384; XII. 2S4; adulteration of,
I. 172; oil from the seed, xvn. 744.
Mustareb, Arab tribes, Arabia, II. 246,
256.
Mustel.\, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 439, 576; IX. 109; XXIV.
462.
MUSTELUS, genus of shaiks, XXI. 774.
Musters, George Chavorth, exploi-er
in Patagonia, xviii. 354.
MUT, Eg)-ptian divu.jty, vii. 718.
MUTHR-A, to«-n, India, xvii. 113.
MUTIL.\TI0N, as punishment, XXIII.
465.
MUTILUS, C. Papius, Samnite leader,
XXI. 249.
MUTINA (Modena), ancient to«-n, Italy,
XVI. 542.
Mutiny, in military law, xvii. 113.
, The Indian (1S57), XII. 809; V. 278.
Acts, English, xvi. 296; vl 517;
first passing of, II. 570.
MUTR.\H, town, Arabia, XVII. 64.
MUTTRA, district and to\(-n, India, xvii.
113.
MUTULE, in architecture, 11. 468.
Muv.4, mountains, Siberia, XXII. 3;
XXIII. 509.
MuvDiR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149-
MuzAFFARGATiH, district, India, xvil.
113.
Muz.\FFARNAGAR, district and toT\-n,
India, xyii. 114.
MuzAFFARPUR, distria and to^vn, India,
XVII. 114.
MuZAK, Madame, Bohemian writer^
XXII. 153.
MuziANO, Girolamo, Italian painter,
XVIL 114.
MUZTAGH, mountain pass, Tibet, Xiv_
153-
MwiTA, town. East Africa, xvi. 697.
A^y.\, genus of Sfollusca, XVII. no.
Myall, Lake, New South Wales, xvil.
408.
Mycelium, organ of Fungi, ix. 828.
MVCEN.E, ancient toivn, Greece, xvil
115; architectural remains at, II. 402;
ornaments found at, XIII. 676; treasury
of Atreus at, II. 346.
MvCETES, genus of apes, li. 153.
Mycetozo.a, class of Protozoa, XIX.
840.
Mvcoder.ma Aceti, mould-plant, in.
fermentation, IX. 98.
Mycology, the science of Fungi, IX. 827.
Myconius (Oswald Geisshausler), Swiss-
Reformer, XX. 331.
Myconos, island, Greece, vii. 51.
Mvcteria, genus of birds, xiil. 529.
M YDAUS, genus of carnivorous mammals,..
XV. 440.
Myddleton, Sir Hugh, London gold-
smith and engineer, xvil. 115.
nlVDRlATlCS, narcotics affecting the
eyes, XVii. 232.
Myelitis, disease, xvil 115.
MVCDONIA, town, Thrace, xviiL 635.
Myhee Caunta (Mahi Eantha), states
India, xv. 286.
Myl.« (Milazzo), ancient fortress, SicUy...
XVI. 293.
Mylapur, part of jjladras city, India,.
XV. 188.
Mvlasa, Asia Minor, Tomb at, II. 412.
Myliobatis, genus of fishes, XX. 30CX
Mvlitta, Bilit, or BUtis, Babyloniaia
goddess. III. 176; relation of, to Aphrx>-
dite, II. 172; Lucian's work on, XV.
44.
Mylius, friend of Lessing, XIV. 479.
Myln, Walter, Scottish martyr, XXI.
501.
Mylodon, extinct edentate mamnn^tl
XV. 385.
Mymensing (Maimansinh), district^
India, XV. 294.
M\'N.\, bird, xi. 26.
M\'N.\s, M,, discoverer of MS. of Babrius.
IIL 181.
My Novel, by Lrtton, xv. 123.
Mynpooree, district, India, xv. 303;
town, XV. 304.
M YODES, genus of rodent mammals, xrv-
435; XV. 419.
MyoG-ALIN^ subfamily of insectivorou*
mammals, xv. 403.
M YOMORPHA, group of rodent mammals^
XV. 418.
Myopia, defect, of the eye, viii. 820;^
XVI. 259; XVII. 785; spectacles for,,
XXIL 372.
M Y O — N A I
305
Myosotis, genus of plants, ix. 414;
XII. 252.
Myotomv, in surgery, xxil. 690,
691.
Myoxus, genua of rodent mammals,
VII. 36S: XV. 418- hibernation of, XI.
788.
Myr.4, town, Asia Minor, xv. 93; rock
tomb at, 11. 412; theatre at, XXIII.
222.
Myrdhinn, 'Welsh bard, II. 650.
Myremill, Ayrshire, Scotland, System
of irrigation at, I. 343.
Myri.^poda, group of animals, xvii.
115; V. 340.
Myricaria, genus of trees, xxill. 40.
Myrina, to^vn, Lemnos, .Sgean Sea,
XIV. 437.
•^ , form of name Smyrna, xxii.
185.
Myriobiblion, Photins's, xvill. 819.
Myristica, genus of trees, xvii. 666.
MVRlSTlbENE, Myristin, principles in
nutmeg, XVII. 666.
Myrmecobius, genus of marsupial
mammals, XV. 381; xxii. 285.
MyRMECOPHAGlD.«, family of edentate
mammals, XV. 385; II. 98.
Myrmekoleon, of the Physiologus,
XIX. 6.
Myrmeleo, genus of insects, II. 98.
Myrobalan, for tanning, xiv. 382.
Myron, Greek scidptor, xvii. 120; 11.
354-
Myrosin, albuminoid in mustard, XVlI.
112.
Myrrh, gum-resin, xvii. 121 ; as
incense, xil. 718.
Myrtle, shrub, xvii. 122.
Myrtle-Berry Wax, xxiv. 459.
My Schools and Schoolmasters,
Hugh Miller's book, XVI. 319.
Myshkin, to-n-n, Russia, xxiv. 731.
Mvsia, ancient province, Asia Minor,
xvii. 122; xvi. 542.
MvsOMEH, lake island, Africa, xvii.
504.
Mysore, state, India, XVII. 123; Wel-
lington's operations in, XXIV. 494;
wars in, XII. 803, 804 ; town, xvii.
124.
Mystacin/E, group of bats, xv. 413.
Myst.\coceti, suborder of cetacean
mammals, XV. 393, 394; XXIV. 523.
Mysteries, in ancient Greek religion,
XVII. 124; Phrygian, XVIIL 853.
^ OF Paris, by Eugene Sue, xxii.
619.
Mysterious Mother, by AYalpole,
XXIV. 334.
Mystery Plays, vil 413; in England
in time of Shakespeare, XXI. 750;
French, IX. 644.
Mysticism, xvii. 128 ; xxiii. 278;
ancient, I. 461; theism of, XXIII. 245;
Eckhart's, VII. 642 ; Nicholas of
Basel's, XVll. 486 ; Pertian, XVIII.
658 ; Schwenkfeldian, xxi. 4634
Tauler's, xxiII. 82.
Mystics, xvii. 128; xil. vo6; Germa..,
X. 526.
Myth, in literature, viii. 837.
Mytho, town, Cochin China, XXI. 152.
Mythology, xvii. 135; xx. 367; in
relation to cosmogony, VIII. 754; illus-
trated by mu-nismatics, XVli. 628; in
relation to totemism, XXIII. 467 ;
Assyrian, III. 192; Egyptian, vii. 730;
Etruscan, VIII. 637; Gaelic, X. 9;
Phcenician, XVIII. S02.
Mythopceic Age, of the human race,
XVIL 138.
Miths, xvii. 136; in popular tales,
XXIII. 28; importance of, in ethno-
logy, VIII. 623.
Mytilene, or Lesbos, island, £gean
Sea, Turkey, XIV. 474.
, town, Lesbos, XIV. 474; aqueduct
near, II. 221.
MYTiLUS^genus of MoUusca, xvi. 688;
XVII. no.
Myton-Wvke, viUage (Hull), Eng-
land, XIL 342.
Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales,
V. 314.
Myxine, genus of fishes, XI. 370.
MYXCEDEM.A, disease, XVIII. 384.
Myxoma, disease, xviii. 369.
MvxoMYCETES, order of Fungi, ix. 835;
XXIV. 128.
Myxospongi.e, class of sponges, xxil.
421.
Myxosporidia, subclass of Protozoa,
XIX. 855.
^IYXUS, genus of fishes, xvil. 18.
"\J the fourteenth letter of the alplia-
■'■^ > bet, XVII. 159.
Na, A-ssyrian god, III. 193.
N.iAMAH, of Scripture, XIV. 238.
Naas, town, Ireland, XIV. 73.
Naasseni, Gnostic sect, x. 703.
Nab.\t^.\n Language, xxi. 648, 651.
N.ab.^T/EANS, ancient Arabian people,
XVIL 160; xviii. 19S, 705.
Nabha, state, India, XVII. 160.
Nabhaji, Hindi writer, XI. 846.
Nabi, Ottoman poet, XXIII. 657.
Efeendi, alchemist, I. 464.
NaBIGHA, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, xvill. 790;
xxii. 371.
Nabob, origin of the name, xil. 796.
Naeonassar, Era of, v. 710, 715.
Nabrissa (Lebrija), ancient town, Spain,
XIV. 396.
Nabulus (Samaria), town, Palestine,
XXL 244, 783.
NaCELL.a, genus of MoUusca, XVL 645.
Nachet's Binocular Microscope,
XVI. 273.
Nachmanides (Ramban), Jewish com-
mentator, XX. 264.
NaCHTIGAL, Gustav, his journey to
Lake Chad, I. 248; on the Kegro
dialects, XVII. 318.
Nacrite, mineral, XVL 424.
Nadar's Balloon, i. 192.
Nadim, Arabic writer, xvii. 160.
Nadir, shah of Persia, XVIII. 641; con-
quest of Baluchistan by, lli. 300.
Mirza, Persian prince, "xviil. 647.
Nadiya, district, India, xvn. 161.
N.adorite, mineral, xvi. 428.
N^NIA, genus of birds, xxiii. 189.
N^vius, Guieus, early Latin poet, xvifl
161; XX., 716; XIX. 215; language of,
XIV. 332.
N^VUS, tumour, XVII. 163.
Nafels, Switzerland, Battle of (1388),
XXIL 784.
N.4GA Hills, district, Assam, India,
XVII. 163.
Nagapatam, or Negapatam, town,
India, XXIII. 47.
Nagar, state, India, X. 597.
N-\GAS, hill tribe, Assam, India, 11.
721.
Nagasaki, town, Japan, XVII. 163; xin.
578.
N.iGASENA, teacher of Lamaisn^ xiv.
227.
N.^GINA, town, India, xvii. 164.
Nagoya, town, Japan, xvil. 164; xill.
580.
N.^gpur, or Nagpore, district and town,
India, XVII. 164; war >rith raja of,
XII. 804.
Nagul Bassaraba, voivode of Wa-
lachia, XXI. 16.
Nagyagite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Nagy-Kanizsa, town, Hungary, xiii.
842.
Nagy-Koros, town, Hungary, XVll.
165.
N.iGY-V'ARAD (Grosswardein), town,
Hungary, XI. 212.
Nahan, to«-n, India, xxii. 98.
N.^h.arina, district, Mesopotamia, XVI.
47; XXIL 822.
Nah.^RRO, Bartolome de Torres, Spanish
di-amatist. xvn. 165; vn. 420; xxil
356.
Nahe, river, Rhenish Prussia, XX. 20,
519.
Nahhas, Arabic grammarian, xvi. 536.
Nahi^, Turkish parish or commune,
XXIII. 654.
NaHMANI, Rab Abbah oar, Jewish
writer, XX. 192.
Nahuas, ancient people,- Mexico, XVL
208.
Nahuel-HuaPI, lake, Patagonia, XVIIL
353-
NahuiZALCO, town, San Salvador, XXI.
268.
Nahum, Old Testament prophet, xvil;
165.
Naiads, or Nymphs, in Greek mytho-
logy, xvn. 688. "^
25—1 ."
306
N A I — N A P
Naihati, tovm, India, xxill. 673.
Nails, on hands and feet, I. 897; of
animals, XV. 348; XXII. 107, loS.
, of metal, xvil. 165.
Naima, Ottoman historian, xxill. 657.
Nain, Le (Antoiue, Lovds, and Mathieu),
French painters, XVII. 166.
Singh, traveller in Tibet, xiv.
503.
Nainsooic, woTen fabric, xvii. log.
Nairn, county, Scotland, XVII. 166;
area and popidation, XXI. 528; repre-
sentation, XXIIX. 727.
, town, Scotland, XVII. 167.
Kairne, Baroness, Scottish song- writer,
XVII. 167.
Nairsa (Dean's Island), Island, South
Pacific, XXIII. 602.
Naissus (Nish), ancient town, Servia,
XVII. 514.
Naja, genus of snakes, XXII. igd.
NaJERA, or Navarrete, Spain, Battle of
(1367), XVIII. 451.
Nakhichevan, or Nakhjevan, towii,
Russian Armenia, XVII. 167; xxill.
515-
Nakhichev.\n-on-the-Don, town.
Ekaterinoslaff, Russia, XVII. 168.
Nakhon, Cambodia. Architectural re-
mains at, IV. 726.
Nakshatras, in Hindu astronomy,
XXIV. 793.
Nakshi Rustam (Persepolis), ancient
to-ivn, Persia, XVIII. 558.'
Waladiyar, Tamil poem, xxiii. 43.
Nalagarh, hill state, India, xi. 840.
Naljeskovic, Nicholas, Ragusan poet,
XXI. 690.
Nallamalais, mountain range, India,
XIV. 5.
Namangan, or Kamanghan, town,
Turkestan, IX. 85; XXIII. 637.-
Nam.\qualand, region. South- Western
Africa, XVii. 168..
NaiiAQUAS, South- African race, xii.
309-
Namburi, Brahman caste, Madras,
India, XV. 185.
Kamby-Pamby, origin of the term,
XVIII. 754.
Nam-Cho, lake, Tibet, xxili. 341.
Nam-Dinh. town, Tong-King, xxm.
440.
Namen Qramui\ town, Belgium, xvii.
170.
Names, of persons and places xvii.
168; Gaelic, X. 10.
Nam-Kong (Mekong), river, Asia, xv.
832.
Namling, town, Tibet, xxiii. 340.
Namsen, river, Norway, XVII. 575.
Namur, province and town, Belgium,
XVII. 170.
Kan.'V Ghat, Indian inscriptions,
Numerals in, XVII. 626.
-N.'.NAIMO, town, Vancouver Island,
North America, xxiv. 58.
Nanak, founder of Sikh religion, India,
XII. 808; XX. no.
Nanas, Hajdu, town, Hungary, XI.
. 377-
Nana Sahib, leader in Indian Mutiny,
XVII. 170; X!!. 810; v. 278; XV. 292;
in Nepal, XVII. 345.
Nanawatai, Afghan custom, i. 237.
Nan-Chang Foo, town, China, v.
635.
Nancy, town, France, xvii. 170.
Nandadevi, moujitain, Himalayas, XI.
825.
Nandgaon, state, India, XX. 257.
Nandkumar, Bengali Brahman, XI.
513-
Nandu, bird, XX. 505.
Nan fan. Sir Richard, English deputy-
lieutenant of Calais, XXIV. 634.
Nangambakam, suburb of Madras,
India, XV. 188.
Nanga Parb.\t, mountain, Himalayas,
XIV. 10.
Nangasaki, or Nagasaki, town, Japan,
XVII. 163; XIII. 578.
N.\NGK.OI, town, Siam, XXI. 853.
Nanking, or Nankin, town, China,
XVII. 171; V. 635; treaty of (1842),
V.38-
N.A.NNESTAD, Frederik, Norse writer,
XVII. 590.
Nan-Shan, mountain range, China, V.
630.
Nantes, town, France, xvii. 172;
libraries, XIV. 526, 546; university,
XXIII. 842.
, Edict of (159S), IX. 564; XII. 338;
XIX. 505, 695; its revocation (1685),
IX. 579; IV. 743.
, Noyadcs of, in French Revolution,
V. 139.
Nanteuil, Robert, French crayonist
and engraver, XVli. 173.
Nanticoke. river, Maryland, U.S.A.,
XV. 603.
Nantucket, islana, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XVII. 174; XV. 612.
Nantwich, town, England, xvii. 174.
Nanus, or Dwarf, Roman, vii. 567.
Naogaon, district, India, xvii. 609.
Naomi, of Scripture, xxi. iii.
Napa, town, Lew-Chew Islands, Pacific,
XIV. 490.
N.^vpaT-^, Ethiopian kingdom, XVi. 40.
Naphtali, of Scripture, xvil. 174.
N.^PHTHA, in chemistry and commerce,
XVII. 174; II. 715; XVI. 42S; XVIII.
719; as the product of shale, XVin.
241; wells of, at Baku, Caspian Sea,
V. 179, 257; III. 258.
Naphthalene, hydrocarbon, xviii.
237; XXIII. 59.
Napier, town, New Zealand, xvii. 175.
, Sir Archibald, of Merchiston,
XVII. 177.
, Sir Charles, British admiral, XVII.
175-
Napier, Sir Charles James, British
general, XVII. 175.
, James R., his coffee apparatus, vi.
113.
, John, inventor of logarithms, xvil.
177; II. 754; XIV. 773.
, Macvey, editor of Encyclopsedia
Britannica, VIII. 201.
, Richard, Scottish astrologer, XVII.
185-
, Sir Robert, his expedition against
Abyssinia, I. 67.
-~ — , Robert, editor of John Napier's
works, XVII. 184.
, Sir William Francis Patrick,
British military historian, xvii.
186.
Napier's Analogies, in spherical
trigonometry, xxill. 566.
N.\PIER'S Bones, rods for arithmetical
computation, XVII. 184.
Naples, kingdom, Italy, xiii. 478;
XXII. 28; connexion of Soain with,
XXIL 322, 327.
, toi\Tl, Italy, XVII. 187 ; cata-
combs -of, V. 215; dialect, XUI. 495;
libraries, XIV. 530, 548; Museo Bor-
bonico, XIX. 450; musical conserva-
tory, VI. 291; observatory, xvn. 714;
its school of painting, XXI. 438, 443;
pictures, XXI. 447 ; sculpture, XXI.
568; -university, XXIII. 834, 836;
wine industry of the district, XXIV.
610; in time of Masaniello, XV. 606;
under Murat, XVII. 49.
, Bay of, Italy, xvii. 187.
Napo, river, South America, VII. 645.
Napoleon I., emperor of the French,
XVII. 192; IX. 608, 615; his birth-
place, I. 432; his armies, II. 601;
campaigns against Austria, III. 130;
his disturbance of the balance of
power in Europe, in. 269; his battles,
III. 444; relations with Pozzo di
Borgo, XIX. 650; Cardinal Consalvi's
opposition to, VI. 290; campaign in
the East, XXIII. 648; in Egypt, VII.
759; English struggle against, viii.
363; intervention of, in Germany, X.
504; Goethe's interview with, X. 733;
his rule in Italy, XHI. 485; his testi-
mony to Jesus Christ, XIII. 669; his
attitude towards t'ue popedom, XIX.
155, 508; XX. 806; in Portugal, XIX.
550; relations with Prussia, XX. 11;
invasion of Russia by, XXI. 100;
invasion of Spain by, XXII. 343; his
relations with Talleyrand, XXIII. 31;
his knowledge of the art of war, xxiv.
345 ; Lanf rej-'s estimate of, XI v. 284.
II., duke of Reichstadt, xvil. 226.
III., emperor of the French, XVII.
226; IX. 623; his mother, XII. 210;
Orsini's attempt to assasfiuate him,
XVIIL 52; in Algeria, I. 569; his
intervention in Italy, XIII. 490.
, card game, xvii. 229.
N A F — N ,A T
307
Napoleon Bon APARTE,Historic Doubts
relative to, by Wbately, XXIV. 529.
Napoli (Naples, q.v.), town, Italy, xvii.
187.
Di Malvasia, to\vn, Greece, xv.
346-
Kara, town, Japan, xvii. 229.
Narakel, seaport, India, VI. 92.
Narb.\da, or Nerbudda, river, India,
XVII. 345; IV. 21.
Narbal, state, India, xvil. 160.
Narberth, to%vn, "Wales, xviii. 482.
Narbo Martius (Narbonne), ancient
town, France, xvii. 230.
Narbonensis, Gallia, part of ancient
France, XIV. 2S7.
Narbonne, town, Prance, xvil 229.
Narborough, Sir John, English
admiral, XVIL 230.
Narceia, vegetable alkaloid,. xviL
793-
Narcissus, plant, xvii. 230; vi. 760;
xiL 257.
NarcomeduS/E, order of Hydrozoa,
xn. 563.
Narcotics, xvii. 230.
Narcotin, principle in oiMUm, XVII.
793-
Nard, ointment, XXII. 398.
N.\RDA, town, Albania, II. 639.
Nardi, Jacopo, Italian historian, XIII.
509.
Narenta, Illyrian republic, XIL 710.
, river, Herzegovina, XL 776.
Nares, Sir George, Arctic explorer, X.
196; XIX. 322, 324, 330.
Naret, Phra, Siamese ruler, XXI. 854.
Nargila, toljacco pipe, XIX. m.
Nari, region, Tibet, XXIII. 339.
Narishkins, Russian royal family,
XXI. 96.
Nar Nar.WAN, Indian ruler, XIV. 152.
Narova, river, Russia, XXI. 73.
NarovtCHAT, town, Russia, XVIII.
S'S-
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., XX. 523.
Na^renhaus, Kaulbach's work, xiv.
17--
Narrenschiff, Brandt's satire, X. 527.
Narsai, Syriao writer, XXIl. 830.
Narseh, Mihr, Persian noble, XVlii.
610.
N arses, Byaantine general, xvii. 232;
XX. 782.
Narsinhpur, district, India, XVIL 234.
Narthex, in architecture, 11. 468.
Naruszewicz, Adam, PoUsh bishop
and poet, XIX. 303.
Narva, town, Russia, XXL 190; battle
of (1700), V. 420.
Narvaez, Pamfilo de, Spanish adven-
turer, XVIL 234.
, Ramon Maria, Spanish soldier and
statesman, xvil 235; XXII. 346.
Narwhal, cetacean mammal, xvii. 235;
XV. 398; tusks of, XIII. 523.
Narym, town, Siberia, XXUI. 439.
Narvn, river, Syr-Daria, Asia, XXII.
818.
Nasca, town, Peru, x'f III. 674.
Nascimento, F. Manuel do, Portuguese
writer, xix. 557.
Nase, to\vn, Lew-Chew, Islands, Pacific,
XIV. 490.
Nasebv, England, Battle' of (1645), vi.
599; vin. 347.
Nash, Richard, master of ceremonies,
Bath, XVII. 235.
, Thomas, English poet, dramatist,
and pamphleteer, XVIL 236.
Nashim, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
Nashua, tovra. New Hampshire,
U.S.A., XVIL 236.
Nashville, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
XVII. 236.
Nasibin, town, Turkey in Asia, xvii.
514.^
Nasielsk, town, Russia, Xiv. 817.
Nasik, district and town, India, xvii.
237-
Squares and Cubes, xv. 215.
Nasir Khosrau, Persian poet, pcvii.
237; xviii. 658.
Nasir li-din-illah, caliph, xvl 588.
Nasmyth, Alexander, Scottish painter,
XVIL 238.
, James, inventor of eteam hammer,
XVIL 238.
, Patrick, Scottish painter, xvii.
238.
NasoRvEans, or Mandasans, Oriental
sect, XV. 467.
Nasrabad, town, Persia, xviii. 627.
NaSr UD-Din, shah of Petsia, xvill.
651.
Nass.^u, Duchy of, Germany, xvii. 2j8.
, town, 'New Providence, Bahamas,
XVIL 239; III. 237.
Nasser, town, on NQe, Africa, XViL 507.
Nassick, or Nasik, district and town,
India, xvii. 237.
Nasturtium, genus of plants, xvii.
239; XII. 249; as garden vegetable,
XII. 285.
Natal, British colqny, South 'Africa,
XVII. 239; l"27o; languages of, XXIV.
828; railways, XX. 252.
, town, Brazil, XVIL 242.
Natalus, genus of bata, XV. 41 1.
Natantia, section of MoUusca, XVI.
653-
, suborder of Protozoa, XIX. 861.
Natation, or Swimming, xxil. 768.
Natchez, town, Mississippi, U.S.A.,
XVIL 242.
, tribe of American Indians, XII.
828.
Nathanael, of Scripture,- xvil 242;
III. 403.
Nathan b. 'VehiEL, Rabbenu, Tal-
mudic writer, xxill. 37.
NATkAN der 'Weise, Nathan the 'Wise,
T/es.sing's poem, XIV. 482; X. 536.
Natick, town, Massachusetts, U.SiA.,
xvil 243; vni. 137.
National Assembly, French (1789X
IX. 598; Mirabeau'a influence in; xvL
495-
NATIONAL'CONVENTION,French(l792),
IX. 604.
National Debt, xvii. 243;- British,
VI. 293; VIII. 243; its origin, XL 386;
European, VIIL- 706; of France, IX.
315; of United States, XXIIL 747,
766, 778, 780, 784, 828.
National T)ebt Commissioners,
British, their charge of savings banks,
XXL 328.
National Gallery, London, xiv."
836.
Nationalism, European, VIIL 718.
Nationalization of Land, xiv. 266.
National Muniments, of England,
XX. 310.
National-Zeitung, Berlin newspaper,
xvil 429.
Nations, Grouping of men in, viii. 619.
, in imiversities, XXIII. 835, 841.
Nativity, of Jesus Christ, its date, xilI.'
659.
, of the Virgin il|ary, Feast of, xv.'
592.
Natrium (Sodium), chemical element,'
XXII. 340.
Natrolite, mineral, XVi. 420, 423.
Natron, mineral, xvi. 399; xxii. 240. j
Nats, tribe, India, III. 508.
Natter-Jack, toad, xxiii. 423.
NATURiE CURIOSI, German academy,]
I. 77-
Natural History, Adansbn's classi-'
fic£ition of, I. 144; Buffon's, IV. 444;
Linnaeus's system of, XIV. 672.
Natural History of Selborne,'
'WTiite's work, xxiv. 549.
Natur.\LISM, in mediEeval life and
literature, XX. 383.
Naturalists, Religious, deniers of
revelation, XX. 289.
Naturalization, in relation to domi-i
cile, VII. 351; to climate, L 84.
Act, British (1870), I. 575, 581.
Natural Philosophy, Bacoa'a views
of. III. 214.
Natural Religion, Hume's dialogues
on, XIL 355.
N.'iTURAL Science, xix. i.
Natural Selection, Tieory of, vm. '
750; xxiv. 77, 817; L 145; XIIL 157,
159; xviii. 32.
Natural Theology, xxiii. 261, 264,
275; Paley's work on, XVIII. 182.
Nature, in relation to art, 11. 636; IX.
195; in relation to disease, XViiL 362;
laws of, in economics, Xix. 360; Aris-
totle's theory of, II. 522 ; Erigena's
work on, Vlil. 523 ; Hegel's philo-
sophy of, XL 620; Kant's metaphysic
of, XIIL 850; Leitnitz's theory of,
XIV. 421; Plato on, XIX. 209.
308
N A T — N E C
Nature, Laws of, by Bishop Cumlicr-
land, VI. 701.
, Religion of, WoUaston's, XXIV. 633.
Religions, xx. 367.
N.atur-Philosophen, school of bio-
logists, XXIV. 801
Naturphilosophie, m biology, xvi.
839-
, ScheUing'a philosophical doctrine,
XXI. 392.
N.mjcr.\tes, genus of fishes, xix. 96.
NAUDi, Gabriel, French scholar, xvil.
248.
Nauheim, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
Naui, Persian romancist, xviil. 659.
Naum, town, Morocco, XVI. 831.
Naumachia, Eoman mimic sea-fights,
XVII. 348.
Naumann, Carl, on crystaUographic
symbols, VI. 676; XVI, 352
, Johann Andreas, on birds, xviii. 9.
, /ohann Friedrich, on birds, xviii.
9-
Naumannite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Naumburg, tow-n, P*russia, XVII. 248.
Naup.^CTUS (Lepanto, q.v.), ancient
town, Greece, xiv. 467.
Nauplia, town, Peloponnesus, Greece,
XVII. 249.
N.\UPLIUS, form in development of
Crustacea, vi. 648; 11. 64S.
Nautical Almanac, i. 592; xvii. 260;
origination of, XV. 609.
Nautical Maps, xv. 518.
Nautical Surveying, xxn. 713.
Nautical Terms, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
Nautilus, genus of MoUusca, vi. 736,
739; xvi. 667, 671.
N.\Uvoo, Illinois, U.&A., Mormon
temple at, XV L 826.
Navajoes, American-Indian tribe, XII.
833-
Naval Architects. Institution of,
London, XXI. 809.
Naval Colleges, British, xvii. 263;
vn. 314.
Naval Construction, xxi. 809.
Naval Courts Martial, vi. 519.
Naval Hospitals, xii. 306.
Nav.^l Societies, xxii. 227.
NaV.\l Str.\tegy and Tactics, xxiv.
363-
Naval Volunteers, British, xxiv.
294.
NaVan, town, Ireland, XV. 669.
Navarin, island, Tierra del Fuego,
XXIII. 384.
NaVarino, seaport and bay, Greece,
XVlL "249; xvi. 53; battle of (1827),
VI. 107; IX. 619; XI. 125; XXI. loi;
XXIII. 650.
Navarra, or Navarre, province, Spain,
XVIL 249; XXII. 298.
Nav.^rre, kingdom, Spain, XXII. 312,
324, 325, 327; connexion of, with
Capet familv, v. 35; Henrj- of, IX.
562.
Navarrese-Aragonese Dialect,
XXIL 351.
Navarrete, Spain, Battle of '(U^?))
XVIIL 451.
, Juan Fernandez, Spanish painter,
XVII. 250.
, Martin Fernandez de, Spanish
historian, XVn. 25a
Nav.as de Tolosa, Battles of (1212 and
180S), III. 241; xxiL 317.
Nave, in architecture, II. 468.
Navies, Comparative vie-v of, xvii.
291.
Navig.\ting Officer, in navy, his
duties, xvii. 293.
N.WIGATION, XVII. 250; gradual growth
of, L 185; Phoenician, XVIIL "804; of
rivers, XX. 575.
Navigationi e Viaggi, Ramusio's
work, XX. 270.
N.\vig.\tion L.wvs, xvii. 277; asaffect-
ing rivers, XX. 565; restricting Ameri-
can colonies of England, xxill. 733,
737-
Navigators' Islands, Sonth Pacific,
XVII. 279.
Navigium seu Vota, Lucian's dia-
logue, XV. 44.
Navy, xvii. 279; court martial, VL 519;
prize court, XIX. 767 ; dockyard
management of, ,vil. 316; laws affect-
ing seamen in, XXL- 605; marines of,
XV. 544; official rank in, XIX. 667;
savings banks, XXI. 330; slvips of war,
XXI. 821; signals, XXII. 49; European,
VIII. 706; French, I.X. 517; German,
X. 468; Italian, XIII. 458; Russian,
XXI. 72; United States, xxiII. 828;
societies of naval science, XXII. 227.
Nawab, Indian title, xii. 796.
Nawabganj, town, India, xviii. 72 ;
xxiii. 673.
Naw.\nagar, state and town, India,
XVII. 301.
Naw.^wi, learned Moslem sheikh, xvn.
301.
Naxos, Greek colony, Sicily, XVII. 302.
, island, .^gean Sea, Turkey, xvii.
302.
Naxuana, town, Armenia, XVII. 167.
Nay.a, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
NaV.\GARH, state, India, XVII. 302.
Nayler, or Nay lor, James, Puritan
fanatic, XVH. 302.
N azarenes, Jewish Ohristian sect, xvii.
302; their relation" to the Ebionites,
VII. 619.
Nazareth, town, Palestine, xvii. 302;
XVIII. 171.
, river, West Africa, XVll. 733.
Naz.\rite, or Nazirite, Hebrew devotee,
XVIL 303; XIIL 407.
N'dar (St Louis), to\\'n, Senegambia,
West Africa, XXI. 182.
Nea, river, Norway, XVII. 575.
Neagh, Lough, Ireland, 11. 142; xill.
216.
Ne.\l, Daniel, historian of the Puritans,
XVII. 303s his account of Boston,
U.S.A., IV. 77.
, Joseph, American humorist, I. 728.
Neale, John Mason, English ecclesias-
tical historian and hymnolpgist, XVIL
304-
NE-\NDER, August, German theologian,
XVIL 304; his history of the church,
V. 766.
, Joachim, German hymn-writer,
XVIL 305; XII. 587.
Neandri.\, ancient town, Asia Minor,
XXIII. 5S0.
Neapolis (Naples, q.v.), ancient town,
Italy, XVII. 190; coins of, xvii.
637-
(Kavala), ancient town, Macedonia,
XIV. ig.
, to-wn, Palestine, XXI. 783.
Neapolit.\n Hog, i. 400.
Ne-^p Tide, xxiii. 353.
Nearchus, admiral of Alexander the
Great, XVII. 305.
Nearctic Region, in zoology, vii. 274.
Neath, town, Wales, xvii. 306.
Neat's-Foot Oil, xvii. 744, 747
Neb, river. Isle of Man, XV. 450.
Nebenius, Friedrich, German econo-
mist, XIX. 387.
Nebiim, ancient Oriental religious
enthusiasts, XIIL 402; XIX. 815.
Nebi Sam^vil, mountain, Palestine,
XVIIL. 172.
Nebo, Mount, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 19.
YUNUS, ruins, Nineveh, XVii. 512.
NEBRASK.A, State, U.S.A., \vu. 306.
Nebrodl\n Mountains, Sicily, xxii.
29.
Nebti, Egyptian divinity, vu. 717.
Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon,
xvii. ^di); HI. 18S; XIIL 416;
XIV. 159; palace of, at Balsylon, IIL
182.
NEBULjE,inastronomy,II.820; spectrum
analysis of, X. 215.
Nebular Theory, xvil 310; Lanlace
on, XIV. 30
Necessitari.anism, CoUins on, vi.
147.
Necho, of Scripture, xvn. 312; vii.
743; XIII. 416.
Ne^IB, Aramaic word, its meaning,
XIII. 402.
Neck, Anatomy of the, I. 821.
Neckar, river, Germany, xx. 519;
XXIV. 700.
Necker, Anne Louise Germaine,
baroness de Stael-HolsteLn, XXII. 439.
, Jacques, French financier, xvn.
312; IX. 594.
, Madame (Suzanne Curchod), xviL
312.
Necromancy, magic, xv. 199 ; in
England (1581), VII. 22.
Necrophaga, group of beetles, VT.
130-
N E C — N E P
309
Necrosis, tione disease, xvit. 313; of
the teeth, VII. 97.
Nectanebus, magician, in romance,
XX. 640
Nectar, in Greek mythology, xvii. 313.
, excretion in flowers, XII. 136; XIX.
53-
Nectaries, of flowers, iv. 134; xii.
136; XIX. 53.
Nectarina, genua of insects, XXIV.
392-
Nectarine, tree and fniit, xvii. 3I3;
XII. 272; xviii. 442.
NECr4RINIID«, family of birds, XXII.
652
Nectogale, genus of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 403.
Nedham, Marchmont, English news-
book writer, xvii. 414.
Nedim, Ottoman poet, XXIII. 657.
Nedjd, or Nedjid, district, Arabia, II.
238, 254.
Needle, for sewmg, xvii. 313.
, Magnetic, VI. 225; xv. 220.
Needle-Gun, Inventor of the, VII. 470.
Needle-Ore, mineral, xvi. 395.
Needlepoint Lace, xiv. 183, 185.
Neer, Aernaut van der, Dutch painter,
xviL 314.
, Eglonvander,Dutch painter, xvii.
315
Neerwinden, Belgium, Battle of (1793),
in. 130; IX. 605.
Nees von ESEl-fBECK, Christian Gott-
fried, German naturalist, XVII. 315.
Neetum (Note), ancient town, Sicily,
XVII. 597.
Nef, sUver casket, XIX. 185.
Nefi. Ottoman poet, XXIII. 656.
Nefood, sand-ridges, Arabia, II. 239.
Negapatam, town, India, XVli. 315;
XXIII.' 47.
Negative, in photography, xviii. 824.
Negligenxe, in law, xvii. 315; xxiii.
454-
Negoi, or Negoj, mountain, Transyl-
vania, XII. 361; XXIII. 521.
Negretti and Zambra, their deep-sea
thermometer, XXIII. 292.
NfcRlER, Francois de, French com-
mander, Tong-King, xxill. 442.
Negri Sambilan, districts, Malay
Peninsula, XV. 322.
Negritos, race of people, Malay Penin-
sula, XV. 323; in Philippine Islands,
XVJII. 753.
Negro, Negroes, race of people, xvii.
316; I. 263; constitutional adaptation
of, I. 88; religion of, X.X. 362; Nubian,
XVII. 611; of the Soudan, XXJI. 278;
in United States, XXI II. 821; Negro
slavery, XXII. 137, 143.
■ , Rio, river, Patagonia, XVIII. 353.
— - Corn, or Durra, yii. 564; XVI.
321-
Negroid Race, in Asia, 11. 697.
Negroid Type, of man, u. 113.
Negroland. or Soudan, Africa, XXII.
277-
Negropont, island,. Greece, vin.
649.
Negros, island, Philippines, XVIII. 748,
752.
Negro Slavery, xxii. 137, 143.
Negus, ruler of Abyssinia, I. 65.
Nehavend, Persia, Battle of (c. 641),
XVIII. 616.
Nehemiah, of Scripture, xvii. 320;
XIII. 418; XVIIL 512.
, Book of, VIII. 831.
Nehra, Madame de, friend of Mirabeau,
XVI. 494.
Neidpath Castle, Peeblesshire, Scot-
laud, XVIII. 452.
Neighbours, The, by F. Bremer, iv.
257-
Neilgherry (Nilgiri), state, India,
XVII. 508.
Hills, India, xvii. 508; xil 733;
XV. 184, 187.
Neisse, to\vn, Prussia, xvil. 320; xxil.
53-
Neith, Egyptian divinity, Vll. 718.
Neiva, river, Russia, XVII. 369.
Neivinsk. iron-works, Russia, xvii.
369.
NeJD, district, Arabia, II. 238, 254.
Nejran, province, Arabia, II. 254.
Nekrasoff, Nicholas, Russian poet,
XXL 109.
Neku (Necho), king of Egypt, xvii. 312;
VII. 743; XIII. 416.
NeLEIDjB, Greek race, XVII. 320.
Neleus, of Greek mythology, XVII.
320; XVIII. 474.
, the Peripatetic, inheritor ot Aris-
totle's library and manuscripts, II.
512.
Nellore, district, India, XVli. 32a
Nelson, town. New Zealand, xvil.
321.
, Viscount, English admiral, xvil.
321; his victories, VIII. 363.
^em.\H.\, river, Nebraska. U.S.A^
XVII. 308.
Nemalite, mineral, XVI. 388.
Nem-^nva, Stephen, Servian king, xxi.
688.
Nemathelminthes, order of worms,
XVII. 324.
Nematoblast, in development of
spermatozoa, XX. 412.
Nematoidea, or Nematodes, group of
worms, xvih 324; parasitic forms,
XVIII. 259; in Lankester's classifica-
tion, xxiv. 813.
N em ATOPHOR-i^, in Lankester's classifica-
tion, XXIV. 812.
Nemausus (Nlmes), ancient town,
France, XVIL 511.
Nemcova, Bozena, Bohemian story-
■BTiter, XXII. 153.
Nemean Games, in ancient Greece, x.
65.
Nemedians, in Irish legend, V. 299;
XIII. 243.
Nemerteans, or Nemertines (j.».)»
XVII. 326.
Nemertes, genus of worms, xvil. 326.
, in Greek mythology, XVII. 326.
Nemertines, subdivision of worms,
XVII. 326; nervous system of, XXIV.
183; parasitic forms, xviii. 259.
Nemesianus, Roman poet, xvii. 331;
on hunting, XII. 393.
Nemesis, Greek goddess, xvil. 331.
, of Tibullus, XXIII. 349.
Nemesius, bishop of Emesa, Christian
philosopher, XVII. 331.
Nemetacum (Arras), ancient town,
France, II. 629.
Nemiroff, town, Russia, xix. 254.
Nemocera, group of insects, xill. 150.
Nemthur, ScotlaJta, birthplace of Si
Patrick, xviii. 411.
Nemu, mountain. Central America, VL
449-
Nenagh, town, Ireland, XVII. 331I,
XXIII. 406.
Nenasitetz Rapids, Dnieper' riverj
Russia, VI I. 306.
Nencia da Barberino, Lorenzo dei
Medici's work, XV. 786.
Nene, river, England, xvii.-sfj.
Nengone, island. South Pacific, XV. 30^
Nennius, eai'ly British chronicler,
•XVIL 332; V. 315; XX. 643.
Neobal^NA, genus of cetacean mam-
mals, XV. 395.
Neocastro (Navarino), town, Greece,
. XVIL 249.
Neocomian Rocks, in geology, x. 357.
Neo-Latin, XX. 661.
Neolithic Period, ii. 337; remains
in caves of, V. 268.
Neome'ni^ order of Mollusca, XVI. 641.
Neopentane, paraffin, v. 558.
Neophyte, in the ancient church, XVII.
332.
NeoplatONISM, school of philosophy,
XVIL 332; I. 500; XII. 602; ethics of,
VIII. 587; its mystical character, XVII.
130; in relation to Manichffiism, XV.
481; of Origen, XVIL 841.
Neoptolemus, in Greek legend, XVIL
339-
Neopythagoreanism, philosophical
doctrine, XX. 139.
Neo-Syriac Dialects, xxi. 649.
Neotoma, genus of nxlent mammaU,
XVIL 6.
Neotropical Region, in zoolc^, vii.
273-
Nepal, or Nepaul, independent state)
Asia, XVII. 340; XL 822; birds ot, III.
761.
Nepean Island, South Pacific, xvn.
537-
Nepenthes, genus of plants, xiii. 138.
Neph.\Lists, temperance reformers,
XIV. 688.
310
N E P — N E U
NEPHALIS Vulgaris, species of leeches,
XIV. 405.
Nepheline, mineral, x. 228; xvi.
412.
Nephin, mountain, Ireland, XV. 650.
Nephrite, mineral, xiii. 539; xvi.
417.
Nephxhys, Egyptian divinity, vii.
717-
Nepoko, river, Central Africa, xxiv.
764.
Nepomuk, St Jolin of, XIII. 718.
Nepos, Cornelius, Koman iiistorian,
XVII. 345
, Julius, Roman emperor, xvil.
345-
Neptune, Roman god (the Greek
Poseidon), XVI I. 345; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 827.
, planet, ll. 782, 813; Xiv. 487; as
affected by tidal friction, xxm. 380.
Neptunist Theory, geological, xxiv.
502.
Nerac, tow-n, France, XVII. 345.
Nerbudd.% river, India, XVll; 145; IV.
21.
Nereids, of Greek legend, xvii. 346.
Nereis, genus of Annelida,. 11. 65.
Nereus, of Greek legend, xvii. 346.
Nergisi, Turkish writer, xxiil. 656.
Neri, Philip, Florentine ecclesiastic,
xvii. 346, 85; IX. 334.
NERITINA, genus of snailii, XXII. 188.
Nerium, genus of plants, xvii. 759.
Nero, Roman emperor, xvn. 347; XX.
772, 775; as antichrist, II. 125; refer-
ence to, in the Apocalypse, XX. 499;
golden house of, at Rome, XX. 829.
, lake, Russia, xxiv. 731.
Nerophis, gemis of fishes, xix. 112.
Nertchinsk, towm, Siberia, xvii. 351.
, or Nertchinskiy Zavod, town and
silver riiine, Siberia, XVil. 352.
NeruDA, Jan, Bohemian poet. XXII.
152.
Nerulos, J. R., modern Greek drama-
tist, VII. 419.
Nerva, Roman emperor, XVII. 353; his
adoption of Trajan, XXIII. 502.
Nehves, XIX. 23; I. 880; diseases -of,
XVIII. 390; XXJII. 678; repair of,
XVIII. 367; of the Crustacea, vi. 636;
Sir Charles Bell on. III. 541. See
also Nervous System.
Nervous Diseases, xviii. 390; xxiii.
678.
Nervous System-, xix. 8, 23; anatomy
of, I. 858, 863; in relation to blood
circulation, xxiv. 109 ; locomotor
ataxy of, 11. 826; magnetic pheno-
mena in, XV. 277; of lower animals,
X-Xiv. 183; of birds, in. 724; of earth-
worm, XXIV. 678; of fishes, XII. 650;
of mammals, xv. 366; of molluscs,
XVI. 636; of reptiles, XX. 4i;9; Bon-
net^s theory of, iv. 35.
Nervous Tissues, of animals, xii. 9.
Neshapur, town, Persia, xvii. 514.
Nesokia, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII. 5.
Nesomys, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII. 6.
Ness, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217; xxi.
526.
Nesselrode, Charles Robert, Count,
Russian diplomatist, xvii. 353.
Nessler's Reagent, compound of
mercury, xvi. 34.
Nest, Nests, of birds, iii. 771; edible,
XXII. 760; of weaver-birds, XXIV. 463;
of wasps, XXIV. 391.
Neste d'Aure, river, France, xx. 127.
Nesteia, Greek festival, xxill. 295.
Nestor, in Greek legend, xvii. 354.
, Russian chronicler, xvn. 354;
XXI. 103.
, bird, XVII. 354;"xviii. 323.
NESTORI.AN Inscription, at Se-gan
Foo, China, XXI. 622.
Nestorians, Eastern religious"" 'sect,
XVII. 357; xxil. 829; Nestorianism,"
XI. 155; XIII. 671; XVII. 356.
Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople,
XVII. 355; his conflict -with Cyril, VL
752.
Neszawa, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
Net, Net-Making, xvii. 358; for sea
fishing, IX. 247.
Netherlands, or- Holland (?.».), xii.
59; connexion, of, with Belgium, III.
526; Presbyterian Church of, Xix.
696; under Don John of Austria, xill.
717; relations with Spain, XXII. 328,.
332; struggle against Philip II., xvili.
744-
Nethinim, in the temple at Jerusalem,
XIV. 488.
NfiTHOU, Mont, France, IX. 505; XX.
125.
Netley, England, Army medical school
at, II. 586.
Nets, xvii. 358; ix. 247.
, Torpedo, XXIII. 451.
Netscher, Gaspar, German painter,
XVII. 360.
Nettesheim, Henry Cornelius von,
German philosopher, L 418; on scep-
ticisfii, XXI. 382.
Netting, or Net-making, xvn. 359.
Nettium, subgenus of birds, XXIII.
105.
Nettle, plant, xvn. 360.
Nettle-Creeper, bird, xxiv. 553.
Nettlefold's Lock, xiv. 748.
Nettlerash, skin disease, xvn. 360;
XXII. 122.
Nettle Tree, xvn. 360; xi. 360.
Netum (Nolo), ancient tovm, Sicily,
xvn. 597.
Neuber, Friderica C, German drama-
tist, VII. 441.
Neu-Brandenburg, town, Germany,
XVII. 360.
Neuburg, town, Bavaria, XViL 361:
Neuchatel, cautou, Switzerland, xviil
361; XXII. 794.
, town, Switzerland, XIII. 781; XVll.
361; observatory at, xvn. 713.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XVII. 361;
XXII. 777; lake-dweUings in, xiv. 224.
Neudorf (Iglo), town, Hungary, xii.
700.
Neuenahr, spa, Germany, xvi. 435.
NeuenBURG (Neuchatel, q.v.), canton,
Switzerland, xvn. 361.
Neufch.4tel (Neuchatel, q.v.\ canton
and town, Switzerland, xvn. 361, 362,
NeuhaUSEI^' town, Hungary, xvn.
362.
Neuhof, Theodor, Baron von, courtier
and adventurer, xvn. 362.
Neuilly-SUR-Seine, town, France,
XVII. 362.
Neumann, Carl Friedrich, German
Orientalist, xvn. 362.
, Franz Ernst, his method of electric
induction, vill. 76.
, J., his transformation theorem in
magnetism, XV. 248.
, Wilhelm, friend of Neander,,
XVII. 304.
Neumarkt, town, Hungary, XVII. 538.
'Neu-Munster, town, Prussia, xvn.
363.
Neunkirchen, town, Prussia, xvii.
363-
Neuralgia, disease, xvn. -363; xvni,
390; as due to malaria, xv. 317.
Neuri, Scythian race, xxi. 575.
Neurine, nitrogenous carbon _coin5
pound, XVII. 520.
Neuro-Hypnotism, mesmerising^ X^
278.
Neurokeratin, homy matter _:in
nerves, XIX. 24.
Neuroptera, order of insects, xril>
151.
Neurotic Poisons, xix. 278.
Neu-Ruppin, town, Prussia, xvil 364.''
Neu-Sandec, town, Galicia, Austria^
XVII. 364.
Neusatz, town, Hungary, xvn. 365.
Neusiedler See, lake,- Hungary, in.
117; XII. 362.
Neusohl, town, Hungary, xvn. 365.
Neuss, to^v•n, Rhenish Prussia, xvn.
365-
Nbustadt, town, Austria, xvn. 36 5.^*
-, district and town, Germany, XXI.
349-
, town, Prussian SUesia, xvn. 365.
Neustadt- an-der-Haardt, town,
Bavaria, XVII. 365.
Neustadt-Eberswalde, town, Bran-
denburg, Prussia, xvn. 366.
Neustadt-Harzburg, to^vn, Bruns-
wick, Germany, XI. 508.
Neu-Stettin, town, Prussia, XVII. 366.
Neu-Strelitz, town, MeckUnbui^,
Germany, xvn. 366.''
N E U — N E W
311
NEUSTRIA, kingdom of the FrankB, ix.
530; X. 477; XVII. 558.
Neuter Insects, hi. 484; xiii. 146.
Neu-Titschein, town, Moravia,
Austria, xvil. 366.
Neutra, town, Hungary, xvil. 366.
Neutrality, International law of, xiii.
195; XIX. 766.
Neu-Ulm, town, Wiirtemberg, xxill.
720.
Neuwied, town, Ehenish Prussia, xvii.
366.
Neva, river, Russia, xvil. 366; lii. 294;
xxi. 190.
Nevada, State, U.S.A., xvii. 367; mines
of, XVI. 470; XXIII. 815.
, mountain, Peru, XVIII. 672.
, Sierra, mountains, Spain, xxil.
294.
Nevado de Toluca, mountain, Mexico,
XXIII. 437.
Nevavi, Mir Ali Shir, Ottoman poet,
XXIII. 656.
Nevel, tovm, Russia, xxiv. 262.
Nevers, town, France, XVIL 36S, 496;
its enamelled pottery, xix. 629.
Neviansk, town, Russia, xvii. 369;
xviii. .550.
Nevil, or Neville, Richard, earl of War-
wick, xxiv. 381; VII. 68 ;; VIII. 327.
328.
Neville's Cross, England, Battle of
(1346), XXI. 489.
Nevirnum (Nevers), ancient to^vn,
France, XVII. 369.
Nevis, island, West Indies, xvil 369;
XXI. 159.
, Ben, mountain, Scotland, xill.
199.
Nevo (Ladoga), lake, Russia, xiv.
199.
New Albany, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
XVII. 369; XV. 23.
Newall's Observatory, GatesLead,
England, XVII. 711.
New Amsterdam, i3Iand^ Indian Ocean,
XXI. 189.
New Amsterdam, town,British Guiana,
XL 251.
New Archangel, village, Alaska, i.
444.
Newark, town, England, xvil. 369.
, town. New Jersey, U.S.A., XVII.
370-
, tovm, Ohio, U.S.A., xvii. 371.
, Lord (David Leslie), Scottish
general, xvii. 371.
Castle, Selkirkshire, Scotland,
XXI. 638.
Newark-upon-Trent, or Newark,
town, England, xvil. 369.
Newars, Nepalese race, xvil. 341.
New Bath Guide, by Anstey, 11. 93.
New Bedford, town, Massachu^tts,
U.S.A., xvn. 371.
New Berne, or Newbern, town. North
Carolina, U.S.A., xvii. 372.
Newberyite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Newbridge, town, Ireland, xiv. 73.
(Pontypridd), town, Wales, xix.
460.
New Brighton, town. New York,
U.S.A., XVIL 372.
New Britain, island. South Pacific,
XVII. 372; XV. 835.
New Britain, to^vn, Connecticut,
U.S.A., XVII. 372.
New Brunswick, province, Canada,
XVII. 373.
New Brunswick, town. New Jersey,
U.S.A., XVII. 375.
NewburG, or Newburgh, town. New
York, U.S.A., xvii. 375.
Newburgh, Wdliam of, early English
^^Titer, XXIV. 585.
Newbury, town, England, xvii. 375.
Newburyport, tovm, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XVII. 375.
New Caledonia, island. South Pacific,
XVIL 376; IX. 526; XV. 835; mines
of, XVI. 472; nickel ores of, xvii.
488.
Nevs' Castile, province, Spain, xxii.
29S.
Newcastle, or Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
to\\-n, England, XVli. 377; High Level
bridge at, IV. 337; college of physical
science, xxiiL S53; libraries, xiv. 521,
544; newspapers, XVII. 421.
, to\\"n, Ireland, XIV. 649.
, town. New South Wales, xvii. 379,
408.
, Duchess of (Margaret LucasX XVii.
380.
, Dukes of, xvii. 3S0.
, Thomas P. Holies, duke of, Eng-
lish minister, XVII. 381; viii. 356.
New Castle, tovm, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XVIL 380.
Newcastleton. town. Scotland, xxi.
34-
Newcastle-UNDER-Lyme, town, Eng-
land, XVIL 380.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or Newcastle
(q.v.), ton-n, England, XVII. 377.
New Church, The, of Swedenborg,
XXII. 759.
New-Chwano, town, China, xvii. 381.
Newcomb, Simon, his theorems in non-
Euclidean geometry, XV. 664; on the
nebular theory, XVII. 311.
Newcomen, Thomas, inventor 01 steam-
engine, XVII. 3S2; XXII. 474; XXIV.
412.
Newcomes, The, by Thackeray, xxin.
216.
New Cratylus, Donaldson's work, vii.
357-
New England, north-eastern portion
of United States, XVII. 382; coloniza-
tion of, XXIII. 729; foimders of, Xli.
726.
New Ephesus (Scala Nova), seaport.
Asia Minor, XXI. 361.
New Forest, England, ix. 399; xi. 430.
Newfoundland, British colony, North
America, XVII. 382; discoveiy of, iv.
622; Banks of. III. 17; fisheries, IX.
266; seal fisheries, XXI. 582.
Dog, VII. 327.
New Galloway, town, Scotland, xiv..
98.
Newgate Prison, London, xiv. 834.
842.
New Georgia, one of the Solomon
Islands, South Pacific, XXII. 252.
New Glasgow, town, Nova Scotia„,
XVIL 603.
New Granada, region. South America,
XVII. 386; VL 156; revolt of, from
Spain, 1. 710; liberation of, by Bolivar.
IV. 8.
New Guinea, island, Australasia, xviu
386; II. 687; birds of. III. 739; lan-
guage, XV I a. 231, 780; taboo systens
in, XXIII. 17.
New Hampshire, State, U.S.A., xvu.
390; newspapers of, XVII. 4'!4" colony
of, XXIII. 730.
New Harmony, Indiana, U.S.A...
Owen's community at, xvill. 88.
Newhaven, town, England, xvn. 393.,
XXII. 725.
, village, Scotland, XIV. 431,
New Haven, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.^
XVII. 394.
New Hebrides, islands. Pacific Ocean,
XVIL 395 ; XV. 835.
New Holland (Australia), iii. 103.
New Ireland, island, South Pacific,
XVII. 372.
Newjanskite, mineral, xvi. 383.
New Jersey, State, U.S.A., xvn. 396;
newspapers of, xvn. 434; colony of,
XXIII. 730; Penn's constitution for,
xviii. 494.
New Jerusalem, of the Apocalyps^,
XVI. 316.
New Jerusalem Church, Sweden-
borgian, XXII. 760.
New-Kow, torni, China, xvil. 381.
New Lanark, Scotland, Robert OwenV-
factory at, xviii. 87.
New Lebanon, Shaker settlement,
U.S.A., XXL 737.
Newliston House, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, XIV. 670.
New London, town, Coimecticntj,
U.S.A., XVII. 399.
New Lots, town. Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
New Malden, town, England, xxil
694.
Newman, Edward, on birds, xviiL 31.
, Johii Henry, Hymns by, XIL 595.
Newmarket, town, England, xviE
399; hoi'se-races at, IV. 728; XII. 202.
New Mexico, Territory, U.S.A., xvu
399-
.NEW Mills, town, England, xvil. 402.-
New Moon, Jewish festival, XXI. 125.
312
N E W — N I C
New NETHERLAND(New York), Dutch
settlement, America, xvii. 454.
New Norcia, mission station. Western
Australia, XXIV. 508.
New Orkney Islands, Antarctic
Ocean, xvii. 407.
New Orleans, town, IiO«isiana,U.S.A.,
XVH. 402; XV. 22; battle of (i8t5),
xxin. 760.,
New Plymouth, town. New Zealand,
XVII. 405.
Newport, toivn. Isle of Wight, Eng-
land, XVII. 405; representation of,
XXIV. 562.
, town, Monmouthshire. England,
XVII. 405.
, tovm, Pembrokeshire, Wales, xviii.
482.
, town, Kentucky, U.S.A., xvii. 406.
, town, Rhode Isknd, U.S.A., XVII.
406; XX. 524.
New Providence, island, Bahamas,
in. 237.
New River, Herts and Middlesex, Eng-
land, XI. 771; XVI. 279.
New Ross, town, Ireland, xvii. 407.
New Rush, town. South Africa, xiv. 77.
Newry, town, Ireland, xvii. 407.
New SaLLEE, town, Morocco, XX. 192.
New Sarum, town, England, xxi. 218.
New Scotland, district, Transvaal,
xxiii. 518.
New Shoreham, town, England, xxil.
724.
New Side, Presbyterian denomination,
United States, XIX. 698.
News-Letters, xvii. 413.
New South Shetland, islands, Ant-
arctic Ocean, xvii. 407.
New South Wales, Australia, xvii.
407; III. 114; mines of, XVI. 471;
rubyt nunes, XXI. 48; newspapers,
xvir. 437; railways, XX. 252.
Newspaper Press, Laws relating to,
XIX. 710.
Newspapers, xvIl 412; copyright in,
VL 362; numbers posted, XIX. 571;
printing of, xxiii. 703, 709; registra-
tion of, xx! 344; reporting for, XX.
404; XXI. 841.
Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire,
England, xvii. 599.
Newt, amphibian, I. 751; xxilL 577.
New Testament, hi. 641; Greek of,
XI. 135, 147; canon of, v. 7; Alford's
edition of, I. 505; Bengel's, III. 571;
Erasmus's, VIII. 517; Estienne's, XXir:
535.; Griesbach's, XI. 194; Lachmann's,
XIV. 25; Mill's, XVI. 307; Tischen-
dorfs, XXIII. 409; Tregelles's, XXIII.
535 • Wetstein's, xxiv. 520 ; Eeza's
translation, iii. 635; Tyndale's, XXlll.
675. See also Bible.
Newton, town, U.S.A., xvii. 438.
, B. Wills, Plymouthist, xix. 238.
, George, English divine, I 582.
, Sir Isaac, English natiu-al phUo-
er, XVII. 438; president of the
Royal Society, XXI. 39; his applications
of algebra, I. 515; his contributions
to astronomy, II. 755; on the mutual
attraction of bodies, III. 63; on infini-
tesimal calculus, XIII. 8; his law of
cooling,,xx. 129; his electrical experi-
ments, VIII. 4; on the formation of
gases, V. 461; his discovery of the law
of gravitation. III. 63, 64; XI. 70; on
light, XIV. 579, 590; on the lunar
theory, XVI. Soo; on laws of mag-
netism, XV. 236; his laws of motion,
XV. 676; on the motions of water, XII.
436; his coloured rings, XIV.. 609; his
sextant, x.xi. 724; his telescope, xxiil.
137, 145; on tides, xxin. 355; on the
velocity of wave.s, I. 103.
Newton, John, EngUsh divine and
hymn-writer, xvii. 449; hymns by,
xn. 594.
, John, author of logarithmic tables,
xxin. 10.
Abbot, town, England, xvii. 449.
Bushel, town, England, xvii.
449.
Newtonian Globe, x. 6S5.
Newton-le-Willows, town, England,
XVII. 449.
Newton-on-Avr, suburb of Ayr, Scot-
land, III. 165.
Newton Stewart, town, Scotland,
XXIV. 563.
Newtown, town, Wales, xvii. 450.
, town, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., XIV. 866.
, suburb of Sydney, New South
Wales, XVII. 450.
Newtownards, town, Ireland, xvil.
450.
New Utrecht, town. Long Island,
New York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
New Way to Pay Old Debts, Mas-
singer's play, XV. 619.
New Windsor, town, England, xxiv.
600.
New Year's D.w, xvii. 450.
New York, State, U.S.A., xvn. 450;
colony of, xxin. 730; claim of, to
western territory, XXIII. 746.
New YORKJ principal city of United
States, XVII. 457; libraries of, xiv.
536, 550; Astor library, II. 737; news-
papers, XVII. 434; police system, XIX.
341 ; elevated railroads, XX. 240;
stock exchange, xxii. 557; Madison
Square theatre, XXIII. 225; tramways,
XXIII. 506; Croton aqueduct tunnel,
XXIII. 620 ; Hudson River tunnel,
XXIII. 623; waterworks, II. 223.
New York Herald, newspaper, in.
574- ■
New Zealand, islands, Australasia,
XVII. 466; bii-ds of, in. 742; xvin,
16; extinct birds, IIL 73 If coalfields,
VI. 60; marine fishes, xir. 68 1;- forests,
IX. 407; geysers, x. 558; gold, x.
744; mines, XVI. 471; newspapers,
xvn. 437 ; post-office, xix. 578;
railways, XX. 253; university, xxin.
856; taboo system amongst Maories
of, XXIII. 16.
New Zealand Fl.\x, xviii. 812.
NexaL Contract, in Roman law, xx.
693.
Ney, Michel, French marshal, xvn.
471.
Nezikim, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
Nez Perces, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 833.
Ngami, Lake, Africa, Discovery of, by
Livingstone, I. 247.
Ngatkons, Tungus tribe, Siberia,
XXIII. 608.
Ngoko, Javanese language, Xlll. 608.
Ngornu (Angomo), town. Central
Africa, H. 45; IV. 61.
Ngunie, river, Africa, xvn.'733.
Nguyen Dzo, king of 'Tong-King,
XXIII. 440.
Niagara, river and cataract. North
America, xvn. 472; iv. 769; xxi.
180; suspension bridge acroes, iv.
338.
Falls, town, New York, U.S.A.,
XVII. 473.
Ni.\l, Norse saga, xii. 624.
Niall, Irish king, xiil. 246.
NiAM-NiAM, Central-African race, xvn.
473> 319-
NiAS Islands, Sumatra, xxn. 638, 639.
Nibelungenlied, Old German epic
poem, XVII. 474; X. 524; Xix. 269;
XX. 657.
Nlc^A, town, Asia Minor, xvn. 476;
III, 793; council of (325), II. 538; VI.
560; XIX. 490.
, Empire of, XI. 1 19.
, Lake of, II. 709.
— P^ice), ancient town, France, XVlL
481.
Nic^AN Creed, vi. 5601
Nicander, Greek poet, xvfl. ^76,
Nicaragua, state, Central America,
XVII. 477; interoceanic canal through,
I. 715; IV. 793; Indian tribes of, XII.
?28.
, Lake, Central America, xvn. 477,
478.
Nicastro, town, Italy, xvn. 480.
Nicator, Demetrius II., king of Syi-iai
vir. 58.
Niccola PisaNO, Italian sculptor and
architect, xix. 123.
NiCcolini, Giambattist^, Italian dra-'
matist, vn. 417; xin. ;5I4.
Nice, town, Bithynia, Asia Minor, xvn.-
476.
, town, France, xvn. 480; observa-.
tory at, xvn. 712; cession of, to France,'
IX. 624; XIII. 490.
Nicene Creed, yi. 560.
Nicephorion, sacred enclosure at Per-i
gamum, xvill. 527. '
N I C — N 1 H
313
NlCEPHORlUM, town, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 4$.
^ICEPHORUS I., Byzantine emperor,
XVII. 481.
II.-1 1 1., Byzantine emperors, xvii.
4S2.
Bryennius, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613.
Callisti, Greek ecclesiastical liis-
torian, xvil. 4S2.
Gregoras, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613; XI. 145.
Patri.\rcha, Byzantine historian,
XVII. 482.
NlCETAS of Syracuse, on astronomy, 11.
747-
Acominatus, Byzantine historian,
IV. 613.
."Niche, in architecture, 11. 46S.
UlCHOLAS, St, of Myra, Greek bishop
and saint, xvii. 483.
I., the Great, pope, xvii. 4S3; xix.
496.
II., pope, XVII. 4S3; XI.X. 49S;
XX. 791.
III., pope, XVII. 4S4; XIII. 475;
XX. 798.
IV., pojie, XVII. 4S4; XX. 798.
v., pope, XVII. 484; xiii. 4S0; XIX.
503; XX. 806; policy of, XX. 361.
v., antipope, xvii. 4S4; xill. 712.
I., czar of rluisia, XVii. 485; XXI.
lOI.
IV., Prince Efzterhazy, vill. 564.
of Basel, mystic, XVii. 486, 133.
of Padua, romancist, xx. 626.
.\LEMANNl, editor of Procopius,
xxill. 276.
DE Cleiienges, on corruptions in
the church, x.K. 320.
Joseph, Prince Eszterhazy, viii.
564.
NiCKLEBV, Dickens's novel, vii.
176.
KlCHOLS, John, English antiquarj",
XVll. 486.
, or Nicolls, Colonel Richard, gover-
nor of New Jersey, U.S.A., xvil. 398,
455-
JIiCHOLSON, William, English natural
philosopher, XVII. 4S7.
, William, English painter, xvii.
487.
NiClAS, Atheiuan genera!, XVii. 487;
XXII. 814.
Nickel, metal, xvii. 4S7; as chemical
clement^ v. 535; cyanide of, XX 23;
in iipn, XIII. 284; magnetization of,
XV. 256, 261 ; mines, in New Caledonia,
XVII. 376; ores of, XVI. 58.
, Gos^rin, general of the Jesuits,
XIII. 654.
Nickelerz, mineral, xvi. 404.
Nickel Iron, of Ovifak, xvi. 113.
NiCKELlTE, mineral, XVI. 392.
.Nickel Ochre, mineral, xvi. 404.
Nickel Silver, vl 351 ; x. 446.
N ICO BARS, islands. Bay of Bengal,
XVII. 4S9; II. 685; birds of. III. 761.
Nicol, William, Scottish natui-al philo-
sopher, XVII. 489; his prism of Ice-
land spar, IV. 653; VI. 676; XIV. 612.
Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich, German
author and IxiokseUer, XVii. 489; X.
534-
, Philip, Gel-man hymn-writer, Xli.
586.
Nicolaieff (Nikolaicff), town, Russia,
XVII. 503, 714.
Nicolas, or Nicholas of Basel, mystic,
XVII. 486, 133.
— , or Nicolau.s of Cusa, scholastic
philosopher and mystic, vi. 728; XVii.
134; XX. 323; XXI. 431.
of Hereford, English Biblical trans-
lator, viii. 3S3.
, Henry, leader of Familist sect,
VI. S44.
, Sir Nicholas Harris, English anti-
quary, XVII. 489.
Nicole, Pierre, Port-Royalist, French
scholar, xvii. 490.
NicoLETTO (Niccolo Cassana), Italian
painter, V 182.
NicOLLS, or Nichols, Colonel Richai-d,
deputy governor. New York, xvil.
39S, 455-
NicoLO, stone, xvii. 776.
Nicomachean Ethics, of .Ajistotle,
iL 517; VIII. 583.
NlcoMEDES I.-III., kings of Bithynia,
XVII. 490.
Nicomedia, or Nicoraedea, town, Asia
Minor, XVII. 490; III. 793; XV. 143.
N'icopi.\ (Nykoping), ancient town,
Sweden, Xvii. 688.
NICOPOL, town, Russia, xvii. 504.
NiCOPOLl, town, Bulgaria, xvn. 504,
NICOPOLIS, town, Asia Jlinor, xvii. 491.
, town, Eg)-pt, XVII. 491.
, town, Epirus, Greece, XVII. 490
, tow-n, Thrace, xvn. 491.
Nlcosi.\, town, Cyprus, xvn. 491.
, town, Italy, xvn. 491
NicoT, Jean, introducer of tobacco,
XXIII. 423.
NicoTiANA, genus of plants, xxiil.
423
Nicotine, volatde vegetable alkaloid,
xxin. 425
NiDA, river, Russian Poland, XIX.
^307.
N'lDAROe (Throndhjem), ancient to-\ni,
Norway, xxili. 321.
NiDDRY Castle, Linlithgowsnire,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
NIDIFIC.ATION, of birds, III. 771.
Nidra (Hydra), island, Greece, XlI.
430.
Nidwald, district, S^^•itzerland, xxii.
781, 794; XXIIL 858.
NiEBUHR, Barthold Georg, Danish
historian of Rome, xvn. 491; his
relations with Biuisen, IV. 522.
NiEBUHR, Karsten, Danish Eastern tra-
veller, xvn. 493.
Nieder-Beuthen, town, Germany, m.
621.
NiEDERHERMSDORF, town, tnissia,
XI. 752.
NiEDERlNGELHEnL town Germany,
xin. 73.
NiEDERWYL, Switzerland, Lake-dwell-
ings at, XIV. 223.
NIEJIN (Niezhin), town, Russia, xvii.
496.
NiELLO, m metal-work, XVII. 494; ix,
215; VIII. 439; xiii. 81.
NiEMCEWicz, Julian Ui-sin, Polish
writer, xvn. 495; xix. 303.
NiEMEN, river, Russia and Germany,
in. 294; XIX. 307; XXI. 73.
NiEPCE, Joseph Nicephore, . French
chemist, XVII. 495; his contributions
to photography, vl 761; xviii. 822."'
DE St Victor, Claude F. A., liis
contributions to photography, XVIL
495; XVIIL 824.
NiEREJiBERG, Juan E., on biixls, xviii.
4, 15-
NiEUPORT, Belgium, Battle of (i6oo>,
XII. 78.
NiEUWENTVT, BeiTiarcL, Dutch philoso-
pher, xvni. 182.
NiEUWLAND, Pieter, Dutch writer, Xil.
96.
NiEVES, to^\-n, Slexico, xxiv. 761.
NiEVRE, department, France, xvn. 495.
NiEZHiN, town, Russia, J'.vii. 496.
NiGANTHA N.\T.\-PUTT.A, Jain leader,
India, XIII. 544.
NIGER, river, Africa, x\ii. 496; i. 253;
XXIIL 391.
, C. Pescenniu-s Roman governor of
Syria, xvn. 498; xxi. 699.
, Petrus, Swedish clironicler, XXII.
754-
Oil, xvil 744, 746.
Night-Heron, bird, xl 762.
Nightingale, bird, xvn. 498; its dis-
U-ibution, III. 756.
Island, South Atlantic, xxui.
576.
Nightjar, birtl, x. 711.
Nightmare, regarded as a demon, vii.
62.
Nightsh.\de, plant, xvn. 499, 231;
HI- 543.
Nightsoil, as manure, L 349.
Night Thoughts, Young's poem,
XXIV. 755.
NiGiDALS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxili.
608.
NiGRiTiA, or Soudan (^.r.). Central
Africa,^xil. 277.
Nihilism, Russian revolutionary move-
ment, XXL 102; xxii. 217.
NlHON, name for Japan, xiii. 569.
Nihongi, Japanese record, xill. 587.
NiHON GuaishI, Japanese history,
Xin. 5S7.
XXV. - 40
314
NilGATA, town, Japan, xvil. 499; xiil.
578.
NlIHAU, island, Hawaiian group,
Pacific, XI. 532.
NlJAR, town, Spain, XVII. 500.
Nijne-Dyevitsk, town, Kussia, xxiv.
298.
Nijne-Taghilsk, town, Russia, xvil.
500; XVIII. 550.
NijNE-TCHiRSKAVA, ';^ town, Russia,
XVII. 500. _ _
NiJNl-LoMOFF, towti, ^ Russia, xvii.
500; xviii. 515.
NijNi-NovGOROD, government, Russia,
XVII. 500; xxi. 69.
— ^, or Nijniy, town, Russia, xvir. 501.
;NlKA, insurrection (532), at Constanti-
nople, xvii. 233; xxili. 555.
JIlKiTiN, Athanasius, Russian traveller,
^XXI. 103.
■^ — , Ivan S., Russian poet, xxi. 107.
NikitinO, town, Russia, XXIII. 607.
'Nikitin Rog (Nikopol), to%Tn, Russia,
XVII. 504.
NiKKO, to-.ra, japah, xvil. 503; lake,
xilI. 572.
NiKOLAiEFF, town, Russia, xvii. 503;
oliservatory at, xvil. 714.
N1K.OLAIEVSK, or Nikolaevsk, town,
Russia, XVII. 504; XXI. 243.
NlKOLAlEVSKAYA Sloboda, village,
Russia, XVII. 504.
NiKOLAIEVSK-ON -THE- AMOOR, or
Nikolayevst, town, Siberia, xvii. 504;
XV. 548.
NiKOLO - Ugrveshskiy, ' monastiery,
Moscow, Russia, XVI. 859.
NIKOLSBURG, Moravia, Treaty of (1624),
XII. 369.
NiKOLSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 283.
NiKOLSKOVE, town, Russia, XVIII. 54.
Nikon, patriarch, Greek Church, Russia,
XXI. 82, 105.
Nikopol, to-\ra, Russia, xvii. 504.
NiKOPOLl, to\\-n, Bulgaria, xvii. 504.
NiKSAR, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
NIKSITCH, ton-n, Montenegro, xvi. 781.
i^ILE, river, Affica, xvu. 504; I. 252;
yiL 705; Bruce's exploration of, IV.
393; Speke's, XXII. 390; in Ptolemy's
geography, xx. 95.'
- — , Battle of the (1798), Egypt, I. 52;
VIII. 363; XVII. 322.
NlLGlRl, state, India, XVII. 508.
? Hills, India, xvii. 508; xii. 733;
XV. 184, 187.
KlLOTic Group, of Negroes, xvii. 319.
NiMAR, district, Central Provinces,
India, xvii. 509.
Nimbus, in sacred art, ni. 89.'
, cloud, XVI. 127.
NiMCHA, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia^" xiII,
821.
NiMEGUEN, town, Holland, xvli. 509;
congress and peace of (1678), vi. 270;
IX. 5^7; X. 502; XXII. 333.
NImes, town, France, xvu. 510; amphi-
N I I — N I V
theatre, I. 775; ruins of aqueduct, II.
220; synod of (1572), xix^ 693.
NiMO Namling, mountain, Tibet,
XXIII. 340.
NiMPHlDiA, Drayton's poem, vii. 452.
NiMROD, of Scripture, XVII. 511.
(C. J. Apperley), sporting writer,
II. 211.
NuiROUD, or Nimrud, town of Baby-
lonia, ruins, II. 398; XVII. 512; III.
I S3; arched tunnels at, xxiii. 623.
NiMWEGEN, or Nimeguen, to^vn, Hol-
land, XVII. 509; peace of (1678), VI.
270; IX. 577; X. 502; XXII. 333.
Nine Maidens, ancient reraaine, Eng-
land, VI. 427; XXI. 51.
Nine-Pins (Skittles), game, xxil. 125.
Ninety Mile Beach, Victoria,
Australia, xxiv. 215.
Nineveh, ancient town, Assyria, xvii.
511; architectural remaisis of, II. 397 ;
destruction of, XVIIL 563; ivories of,
XIII. 523; libraries, XIV. 509; wall
sculptures, XVII. 34.
Ning-Po, to^-n, China, xvil. 513; v.
636.
Ninian, St, early British bishop, xvii.
513; as missionary in Scotland, xxi.
474-
Ninon de Lenclos, _ French ad-
venturess, XIV. 445.
NiNUS, ancient to^vn, Assyria, xvil.
511.
, founder of Nineveh, xxi. 640.
NiNYAS, son of Semirarais, XXI. 640.
NiN Yuan, town. Central Asia, XI v.
154.
Niobe, of Greek legend, xvil. 513;
statue of, near Manisa, Asia Minor,
XV. 98, 490.
Niobium, chemical element, xvii. 513;
V. 539-
Niobrara, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
XVII. 307.
Niord, in Northern mythology, I.
210.
Niort, town, France, xvil. 514.
NiPAL, or Nepal, state, Asia, xvil. 340;
III. 762; XL 822.
VlPA-NlPA, town, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 752.
Nipples, Number of, inditferentanimals,
XVI. 301; abnormal, xvi. 763.
Nippoldt, his electrical researches,
viii. 48.
' Nippon, name for Japan,- XHi. 569.
Nirvana, Buddhist doctrine of, iv. 433;
XIII. ,544.
Nisard, Jean M. N. D., French critic,
IX. 680.
NiSH, or Nisch, town, Servia, xvil 514;
XXI. 688.
Nishapur, town, Persia, xvii. 514;
XVIIL 627.
Nishava, river, Servia, XXI. 686.
NiSiB, Syria, Battle of (1839), XXIII.
650. '
NiSlBis, town, Mesopotamia, XVII. 514;-
XVI. 48.
NISIDA, island, Naples, XVIL 188.
Nisi Prius, in law, XVIL 515; il 729.
NisiR, mountain, Kurdistan, Asia, xiv.
156.
Nismes, or Ntmes (?.».), toWIi, France,
XVIL 510.
Nissa, or Nish, town, Servia, xvil. 514;
XXI. 688.
Nit, Egyptian divinity, vil. 71S.
Nitendi, island. New Hebrides, Pacific,
XVII. 395.
Nith, river, Scotland, VII. 526.
Nithard, J. E., Spanish minister, xxil.
333-
NithEUOHI, town, Brazil, xx. 562.
NiTOCRiS, queen of Egj-pt, vil 734.
Nitrate of Soda, xxil 240; deposits-
of, in Bolivia, iv. 14; in Peru, xvill.
675; use of, as manure, L 353.
Nitrates, in chemistry, xvii. 517;.
group of minerals, XVI. 396; as eX'
plosives, VIII. 807; of mercury, XVI.
33; of potash, XXI. 235; of silver, XXII.
71; of soda, XXIL 240 (see above); of
strontia, XXIL 607.
Nitratine, mineral, XVI. 396.
Nitre, mineral, XVI. 396.
Nitric Acid, v. 511; xvii. J18; as
a poison, XIX. 277.
Nitrobenzol, source of aniline, 11,
48.
Nitroc.^lciTE, mineral, xvi. 396.
Nitrogen, chemical element, xvii. 515;
V. 509; determination df, V, 546; as
constituent of manure, XV. 506 ; in
ocean water, XXI. 612; as plant food,
XIX. 49; its effect in steel, XilL 283;
spectrum of, XXIL 375; thermometric
properties of, XL 574.
Nitrogenous Carbon Compounds,
XVIL 519.
Nitroglycerin, in chemistry, xvii.
520; vni. 800, 811; X. 699; as ex-
plosive, III. 809; VII. 583.
Nitromagnesite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Nitroso-Bodies, in chemistry, xvii.
519-
Nitrous Oxide Gas, as anaesthetic, i.
789-
NiTSCHMANN, David, Moravian bishop,
XVI. 8 12.
N ITT any, valley, Pcilnsylvania, U.S.A.,
XVIIL 499.
NiTZSCH, Christian Ludwig, on birds,
XVIIL 18, 25.
, Gregor Wilhelm, German philo-
logist, XVIL 521; on the -Homeric
poems, XII. 117.
, Karl Immanuel, German theo-
logian, XVIL 521.
, Karl Lud\vig, German theologian,
XVIL 521.
NlUE, island, Polynesia, XIX. 421.
NIVELLES, town, Belgium, XVII. 521;
1 - normal school at. III. C20
N I V — N 0 R
315
N rv'OSE, Plot of ( I Soo),' against Napoleon,
XVII. 206.
N'IZA.M, Maliratta title, India, XV. 291.
, Territory o! the, India, XII. 428.
NiZAMi, Persian poet, XVII. 521; xviii.
657.
NiZAJl-ULJiULK, Seljuk vizier, xvii.
771; XXI. 635.
Nko.N'DO, town, Iroango, Africa, XI v.
743-
No, city of Scripture, VII. 776.
, lake, Nile, Africa, xvii. 506.
NOACOLLY, district, India, xvil. 524.
Noah, of Scripture, XVII. 523.
Prophecy, in book of Enoch, 11.
575-
Noah's Ark, Resting place of, II. 309.
Noah's Hill, Kurdistan, Asia, xiv.
156.
Noailles, distinguished French family,
XVII. 523.
, Louis Antoine, cardinal, xvil. 523;
IX. 584.
Noakhali, district, India, xviiT 524.
No-Amon, ancient city, Egj-pt, VIL 776.
Nob, district. Nubia, xvii. 61 1.
Nobat^, Negro people, Nubia, xvii.
6ia
N0BB6, George Hunn, Pitcaim Islander,
XIX. 132.
Nobel, Alfred, his experiments on dy-
namite, VII. 553; his explosives, xvii.
521.
NoBiLES, Roman, new nobility, XX.
756.
NoBiLl, Leopoldo, Italian physicist,
XVIL 524.
Nobility, xvil 524; xiv. 119; as dis-
tinguished from peerage, Xvili. 45S,
460; British, precedence of, XIX. 661,
Roman, XX. 756, 784, 791, 806.
Noble, William, English musician,
XVII. 89.
NOELEMAX, use of the ivord, XVIL 525.
Nobles, estate of tlie realm. United
Kingdom, vhi. 557.
NOCERA INFERIORE, town, Italy, xvii.
. 53°-
Nocera Umeri.\. town. Italv, xvii.
530.
No Cross No Crown, Penn's work,
, xviii. 493.
NocT£s AMBROsiANiE, Wikon's, XXIV.
. 592.
NocTES Attic.^ of Aulus GeUius, x.
>35-
NOCTILIO, genus of bats, xv. 413.
NOCTILUC.A, genus of Protozoa, XIX.
861.
Noddy, bird, xvii. 531.
Node, of a curve, xxn. 669.
Nodier, Charles, French WTiter, xvn.
. 531; IX. 676.
NOETUS, early church presbyter, XVIL
531-
Nogais, Tartar people, xxiii. 70.
N0C0Y.\, ton-n, Japan, xvii. 164.
NOHLITE, mineml, xvi. 42S.
Noire, Ludwig, on evolution, viil. 769.
NOIREAU, river, France, XVIII. i.
Noirmoutier, island, France, xviL
531-
NoiZET, J. F. G., his system of fortifi-
cation, IX 447, 463.
NOLA, town, Italy, XVIL 532.
Nolan, Frederick, English flute-maker,
XXIII. 521.
Nollekens, Joseph, English sculptor,
X\TI. 532; XXI. 560.
Nolle Prosequi, in law, xvii. 532.
NoLLET, Jean Antoine, French physi-
cist, XVIL 532 ; his electrical r.;-
searches, vill. 6.
NOLINSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
NoL. Pros., in law, XVII. 532.
Nomades, people, Nuniidia, xvil. 628.
NoiiANSLAND, Cape Colony, v. 41;
XIIL 817.
N OMENTUM, ancient town, Italy, Xiv.
344-
NOMES, teiTitorial divisions of Egypt,
VII. 701.
NOMINALISJI, pliilosophical system, XVL
8i; XX. 76; defence of, by Occam,
XVIL 718; scholastic, XX. 84S; XXI.
419.
NOMOKHAM, Tibetan ruler, XXin. 343.
NOMUKA, island. South Pacific, 1?. 779.
NONACRIS, waterfall, Greece, ^XXIL
614.
NON COMPOS IMENTIS, in the law, of
insanity, XV. 780.
Nonconformists, English, xn. 757;
XVII. 533; Russian, XXI. Sr, 105.
Nonconformity, Lawrelating to, xvii.
533; Baxter's influence on, in. 457
Non-Episcopal American Method-
ism, XVI. 192.
Nones, in Roman calendar, iv. 665.
Nonette, river, France, XVIL 749.
Non-Intervention, jwlitical doctrine,
XIII. 192; in relation to the balance
of power, IJL 271.
Non-FKtrusion Controversy, in
Scotland, v. 376; ix 744.
Nonius, or Vernier, xxiv. 169; XVIL
256; xxiL 71S.
(Pedro Nunez), Portuguese cosmo-
grapher, XVII. 66.:, 252.
Nonjurors, in English history, xvit.
533; viii. 37S.
NONNUS, Greek poet, xv;i. 533.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII.
846.
NONOHAN, mountain. North Borneo,
XXI. 123.
Non-Palliata, section of MoUusca,
XVL 655.
Nonpareil, bird, xvn. 534.
NoN Placet, in chui-ch legislation,
XXIV. 208.
NoN-SucroRiA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
865.
Nonsuit, in law, xvii. 534
NONTRONITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
Noodt, Gerhard, Dutch jurist, XVll.
534-
NooTKA Sound, Vancouver Island,
North America, xxiv. 57.
NOPH (Memphis), town, Egypt, XV. 847.
NORBA C^ESAREA, ancieut town, Spain,
L 458-
NORD, department, France, XViL 534.
Nordalbingia, ancient German terri-
tory, XXL 352, 415.
NORDEN, Sir John, on land tenures, 1.
297.
NORDENFELDT MACHINE GtTN, XL
287.
NORDENFLVCHT, Hedvig Chariotta,
Swedish poetess, XXIL 756.
NORDENSKJOLD, Nils A. E., Swedish
Arctic explorer, XIX 323; in Spitz-
bergen, XXIL 410.
Norden's M.\p OF London (1593),
XIV. 847.
Norderney, island. East Friesland,
Prussia, XVII. 535.
NoRDHAUSEN, town, Prussia, xvn. 53;;
XXL 360.
Sulphuric Acid, v. 507.
NORDHOFF, Charles, on commanistic
societies, VI. 216.
Nordlingen, town, Bavaria, xvn. 535.
, Heinrich von, German mystic,
XVIL 133.
NORE, river, Ireland, XX. 171.
, Mutiny of the (1797), in British
fleet, VIII. 362.
NOREIA (Neumarkt), ancient town,
Hungary, xvn. 538.
Norfolk, county, England, xvil. 535;
representation, XXIII. 727.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., XVIL 537.
, Duke of, conspifator on behalf of
Mary, queen of Scots, XV. 600.
Island, South Pacific, xvn. 537.
Plover, bird, vi. 712.
Norhachi, JIanchu chief, xv. 467.
Noria, Egyptian water-wheel, xii. 435.
Noric Alps, i. 628.
Noricu.m, Vncient country, Etifope,'
xvn. 53S.
NoR.M.a, Schools, of Belgium, in.
520.
NoRM.^N, Robert, discoverer of magnetic
dip, XV. 221
Architecture in Englahd, ii.
426.
Normanby, Marquis of, English writer
and politician, xvn. 538.
N0RM.4N Castles, v. 197.
Norman Conquest, of England, vni.
291; its influence on the English
language, vni. 393,
Normandy, district in north of France,
XVIL 538; duchy of, xvn. 538; IX.
533> 537; English conquest of, vm.
301; separation of, from England,
viiL 306; XIIL 714; under Will>'«n
I., XXIV. 575.
316
N 0 R — N O T
Normandy's Apparatus, for distilling
6ea-*ater, vii. 263.
Norman Kings, of England, xxiv. 576.
NORiLWJS, Scandinavian settlers in
Normandy, etc., XVII. 547; conquest of
Naples hj, xvil. 191; of Malta, xv.
342; of Sicily, xxu. 25; their in-
fluence on the government of Eng-
land, XVIII. 303; fusion of, ^fiih the
English, VIII. 302 ; in Northumbria,
XVII. 571; weapons of, II. 555.
ORMAN Sculptures, xxi. 558.
NoRiiANTON, town, England, xvil. 552.
NoRRBOTTEN, county, Sweden, xxii.
741.
NORRIS, Edwin, on Cornish and
Armoric dialects, V. 299.
— — , John, English philosopher, xvii.
552; his criticism of Locke, xlv. 754.
NoRRiSTOWN, town, Penusjlvania,
U.S.A., xvii. 553.
NORRKOPING, town, Sweden. XVil. 553;
XXII. 742.
NORRLAND, diWsion of Sweden, xxil.
736.
NoRSE Language, xxi. 369.
Norse Literature, xvii. 589.
Norsemen, xvii. 547, 584; Arctic ex-
plorations of, XIX. 316; invasion of
Ireland by, Xlll. 251 ; invasion of
Scotland by, xxi. 477; settlement of
Orkney and Shetland by, xvii. 848
North,- Lord (Earl of Guildford), Eng-
lish politician, xvii. 553; viii. 358;
his relations with Pitt, xix. 138.
, Christopher (John Wilson), Scot-
tish writer, XXIV. 591.
. , Sir Dudley, English economist,
XVII. 554; XIX. 35S.
, Boger, English historian and bio-
grapher, XVII. 555.
, Sir Thomas, translator of Plutarch's
Lives, XVII. 555.
Adams, town, Massachusetts,
LT.S.A., XVII. 555.
Northallerton, tow-a, England, xvii.
555-
North America, i. 669.
North American Review, xviu. 544.
Northampton, county, England, xvii.
555; representation, XXIII. 727.
, town, England, xvii. 557; treaty
of (1328), XXI. 488.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xvil.
558.
— , Earl of (Spencer Compton), Eng-
lish cavalier, XVII. 558.
, Earl of (Henry Howard), English
politician, XVII. 558.
Table, of mortality, xiii. 169.
North and South, by Mrs Gaskell,
X. 105.
North Bierley, town, England, xvii.
558.
North Borneo, British, xxi. 123.
North Briton, WUkea'a newspaper,
xxiv. 567.
Northbrook, Lord, governor-general
of India, XII. 811.
North Carolina, State, U.S.A., xvil.
558; ruby mines of, XXI. 48.
NoRTHCOTE, James, English painter,
XVII. .562.
Norther, wind, in America, xvi. 149.
Northern Lights, or Aurora, 11. 787;
in. 90; XVI. 177, 183.
KORTHFLEET, town, England, XVII.
563.
North Hempstead, town. Long Island,
New York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
Northmen, Scandina^^an^, xvn. 547,
584, 848; as geographical discoverers,
X. 178; Arctic e^yilorations of, xix.
316; invasion of Ireland by, xill. 251;
invasion of Scotland by, xxi. 477.
North Pole, xix. 315; magnetic, xvl
163.
North River, New York,U.S.A., xu.
331-
\0RTH Se.\, or German Ocean, XVII.
563.
North Shields, tovra, England, xxill.
675.
North Sydney, to^vn, Nova Scotia,
XVII. 603.
Northu.mberlanO, county, England,
xvn. 564; coalfield, vi. 51; represen-
tation, Xxin. 727.
, Duke of (John Dudley), Vil. 686.
, Duke of (Hugh Smithson), xvill.
523.
, Earls of, XVIU. 523.
, Kingdom of, in Anglo-Saxon
England, xvii. 568; viii. 270; xxi.
475; under Edwin, vil. 691.
North-Western Provinces, The,
India, xvn. 571.
North-West Passage, Discovery of,
X. 184; search for, I. 715; IX. 720.
North-West Territory, British
North America, xvn. 573.
Northwich, toivn, England, xvn. 574.
Norton, Caroline Elizabeth, EnglisTi
woman of letters, xvn. 574.
, Sir Fletcher, English barrister,
xxin. 3j2.
NoRWALh, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
xvn. 5/4.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xvn. 574.
Norway, country, Europe, xvn. 575;
its union with Sweden (1397), xxn.
743> 746 ; separation from Sweden
(1523), XXII. 747; reunion with Sweden
(1814), xxn. 752; the Reformation in,
XX. 336; birds of, xvill. 17; church,
VIII. 491; coins, XVII. 658; fisheries,
IX. 267; forests, IX. 399; language,
XXI. 369 ; Lapps, XIV. 306 ; libraries,
XIV. 532, 549; mines, xvi. 469; news-
papers, XVII. 430; observatories, XVII.
714; oyster culture, xvin. 108; period-
ical literature, xvni. 543 ; prison
system, xrx. 761; railways, XX. 25.1;
whale fishery, xxiv. 528.
NoRW.w Pine, tree, xix. 103.
Norway Spruce, tree, ix. 222.
Norwegian Language, xxi. 309;
dictionaries of, vn. 186.
Norwegian Literature, xvn. 589.
Norwegian Sea, 'xvil 592.
Norwich, town, England, xvn. 594;
Dominican church at, I. 21; libraries,
XIV. 521, 544; newspapers, xvn. 421;
smallpox epidemic at (1819), xxiv.
28.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xvij.
596.
Norwood, suburb of London, xvn.
596; academy of music for the blind
at, in. 829.
, suburb of Adelaide, South Aus-
tralia, XVII. 596.
,. Richard, his works on navigation,
xvn. 256; his measurement of length
of a degree, VII. 597.
Nose, Anatomy of the, I. 825, 884;
XXII. 166; in physiognomy, xix. 4;
of reptiles, XX. 462.
NOSE.AN, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 412.
NosiBi, or Nossi-b^, island, off Mada-
gascar, XVII. 596; XV. i68.
NosKS, divisions of the Avesta, XX'V.
776.
NossA Senhora do Desterro, town,
Brazil, vn. 132.
Nossi-Bi, island, off Madagascar, xvn.
596; XV. 168.
Nossi-Komba, island, off Madagascar,
XVII. 596.
Nostradamus, French astrologer, xvn.
596.
Notabile, ancient town, Malta, xv.
340, 342.
Notables, Assembly of, France, ix.
595-
Notary, or Notary Public, xvn. 596.
Notation, in algebra, 1. 518; of
numbers, II. 525, 527.
, Chemical, v. 472.
, of crystals, XVI. 352.
, Musical, xvn. 80.
Notch, in hydraulics, XII. 471.
Notero, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
Notes, Pitch of, in music, xvii. 102;
range of, in the voice, XXIV. 275.
NoTEUS, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
Nothocercus, genus of birds, xxui.
403.
Nothoprocta, genus of birds, xxill.
403-
Nothura, genus of birds, XXIlI. 403.
Notice, in law, xvn. 597.
Notidanus, genus of sharks, xxi. 778.
Notker B.\lbulus, monk and hymn-
writer, XVII. 597; XII. 583.
Notker Labeo, monk and translator,
xvn. 597; X. 517.
Noto, town, Sicily, xvn. 597.
Notochord, rudimentary spinje,' I. 830;
XXII. 109, no.
Notopteuis, genus of bats, xv. 41a
N O T — N U M
317
NOTORNIS, genus of birds, xvi. Sog.
NOTOTHERIUM, fossil marsupial maui-
mal, XV. 3S3.
Notre Dame, Cathedral of, Paris,
XVIII. 276; sculptures in, XXI. 562.
NOTRED.\ME (Nostradamus), Michel de,
French astrologer, xvil. 596.
Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland,
XVII. 3S2.
Notre Dame Mountains, Canada,
XX. 165.
Nottingham, county, England, xvii.
597; representation, XXlll. 727.
, town, England, xvil. 599; Luddite
riots in, XV. 57; newspapers of, xvii.
421.
, Earls of, xvii. 600.
Notts, or Nottingham, county^England,
XVII. 597; xxiii. 727.
Noukahiva, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
XV. 564.
Noumea, town. New Caledonia, xvil.
376.
NOUREDDIN (Nur ed-din, q.v.), atabek
or ruler of Syria, XXI. 636; VII. 752;
XXIII. 161.
NOUVELLE HIloise, Rousseau s novel,
XXI. 26.
NOUVELLES A LA MAIN, Paris news-
paper, XVII. 425.
Nova Dwor, town, nussian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
Nova Foggi.^, to\Tn, Asia Minor, xviii.
798.
Novalis (F. von Hardenberg), German
writer, XI. 472; X. 542; hymns by,
XII. 588.
NoVANTiE, ancient British tribe, XVIII.
411.
NOVARA, town, Italy, xvii. 600; battle
of (1849), V. 425; XIII. 488.
NOVARIA (Novara), ancient town, Italy,
XVII. 601.
Nova Roma, name for Constantinople,
XIX. 491.
Nova Scotia, province, Canada, xvii.
601; discovery of, by Sebastian Cabot,
IV. 622.
Nova Scotia, Baronets of, in. 389.
Novatians, early Christian sect, XVII.
603.
Novatianus, Roman presbyter, xvii.
603; his creed, vi. 559.
Novation, in law, xvii. 604.
NovAYA Ladoga, town, Russia, XXI.
190.
NovAYA UsHiTS.\, toivn, Ru,ssia, XIX.
254.
Nova Zembla, or Novaya Zemlya,
island, Arctic Ocean, XVii. 604.
Novel, Origin of the, XX. 636.
NovELAS Exemplares, of Cervantes,
V. 354.
NovELLO, Vincent, English musical
composer, XVII. 606.
Novels, addend^ to the Codex of Jus-
tinian, XIII. 794.
NOVE.MBER, month, XVII. 606.
Noverre, Jean Georges, French musi-
cian, XVII. 606; his pantomimes,
xvni. 216.
NOVESIU.M (NeueS), ancient town,
Rhenish Prussia, XVII. 365.
Novgorod, early republic, Russia, XXI.
89; its relations with Pskolf, XX. 36.
, government, Russia, XVII. 606;
XXI. 69.
, town, Russia, xvii. 607.
, Nijni-, government and town,
Russia, xvii. 500, 501.
Severski, principality, Russia,
XXI. 89.
NovGOROD-SvEVERSK, town, Russia,
XXIII. 96.
NovGRAD VoLHYNSKiy, town, Russia,
XXIV. 282.
Novi, tomi, Italy, xvii. 608.
NOVIBAZAR, town, Bosnia, XVll. 608.
NaviE DUBOSSARI, town, Riissia, vii.
503.
NoviKOFF, Nikolai Ivanovich, Russian
writer, XXI. 106.
JJovi LiGURE, town, Italy, xvii. 608.
Noviodunum (Nevers), ancient to^ni,
France, xvii. 369.
NoviOM.\GtJM(Nimeguen), ancient town,
Netherlands, xvil. 509.
NoviOMAGUS (Lisieux), ancient town,
France, XIV. 693.
NoviSAD (Neusatz), town, Hungary,
XVII. 365.
Novo-Bayazet, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xvii. 608.
Novo-Dyevitchiy, conveijt, Moscow,
Russia, xvi. 859.
NOVOGEORGIEVSK, town, Kherson,
Russia, XVII. 608.
, town, Russian Poland, XVII. 608;
XIX. 227; XXIV. 376.
NovoKHOPERSK, town, Russia, xxiv.
29S.
Novo Minsk, town, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
Novomoskovsk, town, Russia, xvii.
60S.
NovoROSSiA, district, Russia, xvii. 725.
NovosELiTSY, Cossack settlement,
Russia, XVII. 609.
NovosiL, town, Russia, XXIII. 665.
NOVOTCHERKASSK, town, Russia, XVll.
609.
Novo-UzEN, town, Russia, xxi. 243.
NOVOZVEKOFF, town, Rus.sia, XXIII. 96.
Novum Organum, Bacon's treatise, in.
210.
Nowanuggur, state and town, India,
XVII. 30U
Nowgong, district, India, XVII. 609
Nowsher.\, town, India, xviii. 684.
Nov, William, attomey-genejal of Eng-
land, XVII. 609.
Noyades, massacres at Nantes, France,
V. 139.
Noves, John Humphrey, founder of
the Oneida Community, U.S.A., vi.
211; XVII. 772.
NoYON, town, France, xvii. 609, 749.
Noze.M.\N, Cornelius, Dutch naturalist,
on birds, XVIII. 9.
NozzE de Fig.\ro, Moisart'e opera,
XVJI. II.
Nub, district. Nubia, xvii. 611.
Nubia, country, North-East Africa, XVII.
610; 1. 267.
Nubian Goat, x. 709.
Nubians, race of people, ' Africa, 1.
260.
Nuble, province. Chili, v. 617.
NUCERIA Alf.^terna (Nocera In-
feriore), ancient town, Italy, xvii.
530-
NlJCHiNS, Manchu tribe, XV. 467.
NUCIFRAGA, genus of birds, VL 61S;
XVII. 665.
NUCK, Antony, anatomist, I. 811.
NUCUL.\, genus of Mollusca, XVi. 6S9.
NUDDEA, district, India, xvii. 161.
Nueces, river, Texas, U.S.A., xxiii.
203.
Nueva Esparta, islands, Caribbean
Sea, Venezuela, XV. 537.
Nuevo-Leon, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
NUFOR, Papuan language, XVIII. 231.
NuC-B Antique, Harington's work,
XI. 479.
NuGAR, state, India, x. 597.
Nugeenah (Nagina), town, India, XVII.
164.
Nugent, Earl, Irish poei, xvii. 612.
Nuisance, in law, xv:i. 612; xxiii.
454-
Nuis.\nces, Public, XX. 96; XVII. 613.
Nukha, town, Russia, XVII. 613.
Nukkapully, or AnakapaUe, town,
India, XXIV. 267.
Nulagurh (Nalagarh), hiU state,
India, XI. 840.
Nullification, Calhoun's doctrine of.
United States, IV. 683; Webster's
speech on, XXIV. 472.
Numan Pasha, Turkish vizier, xxiii.
646.
Numantia, ancient town, Spain, xvii.
613; siege of, by the Romans (134- 13 J
B.C.), XXII. 306.
NUMA POMPILIUS, legendary king of
Rome, XVII. 613.
Number, Conception and representation
of, IL 524; ancient ideas of. III. 37;
Locke on, XI v. 759; Pythagorean
phOosophy of, XX. 138; in Xeno-
crates's philosophy, XXIV. 718.
Nip, German goblin, XX. 552.
OF Quantities, in measurement,
XV. 660.
Numbers, Book of, xviii. 505.
, Complex, xxiv. 70.
, Partition of, XVII. 614.
, Properties of, in alg*bra, I. 521.
, Theory of, XVII. 614; tables relating
to, XXIII. 15; Legendre's contributions
318
N U M — O B A
to, XIV. 414; H J. S. Smith's, xxil.
172.
WUIIENIUS,"^ Neopythagorean philo-
sopher, XVII. 624, 334.
, genus of birds, VI. 711.
NUMER.'^LS, XVII. 624; II. , 524; in
ancient IISS., XVIII. 165; Mexican,
XVI. 212; Papuan, XVII. 389.
Numeration, in ai-ithmetic, 11. 527.
NUMERIANUS, 'JI,' Aurelius, Roman
emperor, xvil. 627.
NuJiERicAL Magnitudes, xxi. 677.
NUMIDA, genus of bii-ds, XI. 264.
N UlllDl A, ancient countrj-, North Africa,
XVII. 627; under Jugurtlia, XIII. 766;
coins of, XVII. 652.
NUMiSM.\TiCs, XVII. 62S; value of, in
archreology, II. 343; Etruscan, viil.
641.; of Miletus. XVI. 294; Sabfean,
XXIV. 741.
NUMMEDAL LaaGEN, river, Norway,
XVII. 575.
NUMMULINIDEA,^ Order of Protozoa,
XIX. S4S.
NUMMULITES, Foraminifera, IX. 38f.
Nun, Nuns, in convents XVI. 699;
Franciscan, IX. 699.
-r — , Cape, Morocco, XVI. 831.
— — , Kio, mouth of Niger, Africa. XVii.
497-
Nuncio, jiapal legate, I. 657; xiv. 413.
Nuneaton, town, England, xvii. 661.
Nunez, Pedro, Portuguese ccasmo-
graphcr and navigator, XVII. 662, 252.
5:^ — Cabeza de Vaca, Alvaro, Spanish
explorer, XVII. 662.
NUPHAR, genus of plants, XXIV. 402.
NUR ED-DIN, atabek or ruler of Syria,
XXI. 636; his invasion of EgjiJt, vii.
752; his relations with the Templars,
XXIII. 161.
NUBEMBERG, town, Bavaria, XVII. 662;
in time of Albrecht Diii-er, vil. 554;
diet of (1522), XV. 77; its Sculptures,
XXI. 564.
NURHAGS, sepulchi'es, la Sardinia, 11.
3S4; XXI. 309.
NiJRNBERG, or Nuremberg d-v.), XVII.
662.
J^URPUR, to«-n, India, XIII. 841.
NURSE-HOUND, fish, VII. 332.
Nursery Culture, of trees, 11. 321.
NuRSi.\, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
Nursing, in hospitals, xii. 305.
NURSINGPOOR (Narsinlipur), district,
India, XVII. 234.
NusA Keli, mountain, Ceram, Indian
Archipelago, v. 344.
NusSEER Khan, ridsr of Baluchistan,
III. 300.
Nut, variety of fruit, XVII. 664; IV. 151.
Nutation, Solar, 11. 757. 794; effect of,
on tides, XXIII. 361.
NuTCELL, English monk, xvi. 707.
NUTCR.^CKER, bird, XVII. 665; VI. 618;
its migrations, III. 770.
Nut Call, x. 45.
Nuthatch, bird, xvii. 665.
Nutmeg, spice, xvii. 666, 664.
NUT.MEG-BiRD, XXIV. 463.
Nut Oil, xvii. 746.
NUT-PlNE, tree, XIX. 105.
Nutria, or Coypu, xV. 420; skins of,
IX. 838.
N-utrias, town, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Nutrition, xvii. 667; vn. 201; of
nerves, XIX. -26; of Protozoa, XIX.
836; of plants, IV. 94; of Schizomy-
cetes, XXI. 406; organs of, in fishes,
XII. 654; organs of, in mammals, xv.
361.
NuTTALL, Thomas, 'American"natural-
ist, xvil^ 687.
Nux Vomica, drug, xvii. 687.
NUVSSEN, Abraham, Janssena. i van,
Flemish painter, XIII. 568.
NUYT's Land, Westei'n Australia, XXIV.
509.
Nyagur, state, India, xvii. 3o2>,
NVANYAZ, Ural-Altaic people, Kumih,
XXI. 251.
NVANZ.\, Albert, lake, Africa, XVII.
505; XIV. 217; marked on early
Italian map, x. i8^: discovery of, L
247, =55-
— ^, Victoria, lake, Africa, XVll. 504;
XIV. 217; shown on early Italian map,
X. 1S3; discovery of, i. 247, 255.
NyASS.\, Lake, Africa, I. 247; XXIV,
766; discovered by Livingstone, XIV.
721. ■ _ __
Nyazepetrovsk, town, Russia; xviiL-
550.
Nvberg. Julia, Swedish poetess, xxu.
757-
Nyborg, town, Denmark, XVII. 6S7.
NvcT.\LA,- genus of birds, xviil. 90.
Nyctea, genus of birds, xviii.'9p.
NvCTERlBllD.t, group of insects, VII.
255.-
NVCTERID.E, family of bat.% XV. 411.
Nycticebus, genus of lemurs, XIV.
443-
Nycticorax, genus of birds, xi. 762.
Nyctinomus, genus of baU, XV. 413.
Nyctipithecus, genus of apes, 11.
154.
NVCTISAURA, suborder of lizards, XIV.
734-
Nvegush. town, Montenegro, xvi.
781.
, Peter Petrovitch, Servian poet,
,XVL 781.
Nyezhln, to^vn, Russia, xvii. 496;
XX in. 96.
Nyiregvhaza, town, Hungary, xvii.
6SS.
Nykoping, town,-Sweden, XVIL 688.
Nyland, province, Finland, IX. 217.
NVLANDER, W., on lichens, xiv. 557.
Nylghau, antelope, xvii. 688; 11. 102;
XV. 432.
Nvmegen, or Nimeguen (3.1;.), town,
Holland, xvii. 509.
Nymph,' in Greek mythology, xvii,^
688.
Nymphjea, genus of plants, XXIV. 402.'',
Nymph.cum, valley, near Smyrna, Asia
Minor, XXI I. 186.
Nymphon, genus of Arachnida, II.'
277-
N-yslott, town, Finland, XXIV. 209.
f~\ the fifteenth letter of tjie alphabet,
^-^' XVIL 6S9
O', in Irish name's, v. 795^^
O.^HU, island, Hawaiian group, Pacific,
XI. 532.
Oajaca, town, Mexico, xvil. 689; xvi.
214; antiquities in, i. 695; state, XVL
214.
UAK, tree, xvil. 689; culture of,"ll. 310;
in United States, xxill. 80S; strength
of wood, XXII. 603; balk of, for tan-
ning, XIV. 381.
Apple, gall, x. 44.
Oakboy Insurrection, Ireland, xiii.
269.
Oakland, tovm, California. U.S.A.,
XVII. 694.
Oak-Orchard Acid Springs, New
York State, U.S.A., xvi. 436.
0.\KS, English horse-race, XII. 201.
Oak Spangles, galls, x. 44; xii. 574.
O4KUM, for use in shipbuilding, XVII.
694.
Oamaru, town, New Ztoland, xvii.
694.
Stone, xvii. 468. >,
Oar, for rowing, xxi. 30; aucicnt
Greek, XXI. 807.
Oaracta (Kishm), island, Persian Gulf,
XIV. 102.
Oar-Fish, xvii. 694.
Oases, in deserts, xvii. 695; of Egypt,
VII. 784.
Oat, cereal, XVll. 696; I. 359.
Oates, Titus, plotter, xm. 697.
Oath, xvii. 698; of allegiance, I. 581;
in^courts-martial, VL 518; legal, 1. 226;
x5civ. 624; in Roman law, XX. 675;
ordeal by, xVll. S19; by Styx, XXII.
614; in relatio)j to vows, XXIV. 301;
in relation to wager, XXIV. 305.
Oatme.'\l, its nutritive value, vii. 203;
XVIL 696.
Oats, grain, XVII. 696; cultivation of,
I- 359-
0.\X.\CA, or Oajaca, town, Mexico, xvii.
6S9; XVI. 214; antiquities in, I. 695.
Ob, river, Siberia, XXII. 5; XXIII. 429;
proposed connexion of, with the
Yenisei, XXIV. 742; marshy region
formed by, XXIII. 438.
ObadiaH, Old Testament prophet, xvii.
702.
Obaida, Abu, Arabic commentator and
historian, xvi. 536; XXIII. 3.
Obaid Allah, Moslem leader, xvi. 568,
587.
O B A — O D E
319
Oban, town, Scotland, xvil. 703.
Obay, editor of the Koran, xvi. 605.
Obbenites, Dutch sect, xvi. 12.
Obdorsk Mountains, Russia, xxiv. 4.
Obeidh, town, Kordofan. Africa, vill.
153-
Obeidullah, Sheikh, Kurdisfi chief,
XIV. 160.
Obelisk, Egyptian monument, XVII.
703; 1,495; "■ 390; VII. 768, 778-
Oberaiimergau, village, Bavaria, xvii.
703; passion play of, vii. 414
•OBER-BEin'HEN, tovm, Germany, ill.
621.
Oberhausen, town, Rhenish Prussia,
XVI I. 704.
Ober-Hohen berg, mountain, Wiirtem-
berg, XXIV. 699.
Oberingelheim, town, Germany, xiii.
73-
Oberlin, town, Ohio, TJ.S.A., xvil. 704.
, Jean Frederic, Alsatian philan-
thropist, XVII. 7(54; as educationist,
XIV. 79.
, Jeremie Jacques, French archaeo-
logist, XVII. 704.'
Ober-Neunkirchen, town, Prussia,
XVII. 363.
Oberon, king of the fairies, xvii. 704.
, Weber's opera, XXIV. 469.
, Wieland's poem, xxiv. 559.
Oeerstein, town, Germany, XVII. 757.
■Obesity, or Corpulence, vi. 435; diet
for, VII. 204; as a disease, xvill. 389.
Obi, or Ob (q.v.), river, Siberia, XXII. 5.
Obizzo 1. and II., princes of Este, vill.
55S.
Object-Glass, in the microscope, xvi.
258; achromatic XVII. 804; XXIII.
139, MS-
OBJECTIVE, object-glass or microscope,
XVI. 261.
Oblation, Sacrificial, xxL 132.
Obligation, in law, xvii. 704; xiv.
361 ; in Roman law, xx. 675, 677,
692, 699.
Oboe, musical instrument, xvii. 705.
Obol, ancient Greek coin, XVii. 632.
Obradovich, Dositei, Servian wTiter,
XXI. 6gi.
Obrenovich, Milosh, prince of Servia,
XXI. 689.
O'Brien, Irish giant, his skeleton, xil.
388.
, William Smith, Irish politician,
XVI!. 708.
O'Brvan, Mr, Methodist preacher, xvi.
192.
Observants, . or Franciscans of the
Strict Observance, monastic order, IX.
698; XVI. 711, 716.
Observations, in navigation, -xvii. 268.
Observatory, xvii. 708 (index, 717);
Greenwich, institution of, II. 756;
Paris, institution of, II. 755.
Obsidian, a volcanic glass, xvii. 717;
Btructuie of, x. 230, 234.
Obsolescence, Diseases of, xviil 383.
Obstetrics, branch of medicine, xv.
797-
Obstruction, in law, xxiii. 500.
Obwald, district, Switzerland, xxil.
7S1; XXIII. 858.
Oca, vegetable, XII. 285.
OCAMO, river, South America, xvii.
843-
Occam, William of, English schoolman,
XVIL 717; XV. 81; XXI. 430; Biel on,
III. 666.
Occasionalism, pHlosophical theory,
X. 556.
Ocean, in physical geograpny, X. 211,
221, 282; atmospheric pressure on,
III. 29; XVI. 121; depths of, III. 17;
XII. 821; XVIIL 120; deep-sea fishes,
XII. 684 ; appliances for sounding,
XXII. 280; stability of, in tides, XXIII.
361; temperatiu:e, VI. 4; XVI. 116;
temperature of air over, XVI. 117;
deep-sea thermometers, xxill. 291 ;
tides of, XXIII. 353; water of, XXI.
611; XXIV. 398; waves of, XXIV. 419.
Ocean.a, Harrington's work, XL 492.
Oceania, or Pol}Tiesia, xix. 418.
OceanitiD/E, family of birds, xviil
712.
Ocelot, carnivorous mammal, xvii.
719; XV. 435.
ScHETODON, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII. 6.
OCHILS, mountains, Scotland, xviii. 666.
OCHINO, Bernardino, Italian Reformer,
XVii. 719; vicar-general of Capuchins,
v. 80; his relations with L. Socinus,
XXIL 229; with Valdes, xxiv. 32.
Ochran, mineral, XVI. 425.
Ochre, pigment, XIX. 87.
OcHROiTE Earth, xiv. 291.
OCHUS, Artaxerxes III., king of Persia,
II. 640; VII. 744; XVIIL 580.
, Darius II., king of Persia, VI. 826;
XVIIL 575.
, river. Central Asia, xviii. 104.
OCKALS, class of Druses, Vll. 4S4, 485.
OCKENFUSS, Ijorenz, German naturalist,
XVIL 749.
OCKENHEIM, Johannes, Flemish musi-
cian, XVIL .33; XVIIL 180.
OCKLEY, Simon, English Orientalist,
XVIL 720.
O'Clery, Michael, Irish chronicler, v.
307; viL 363.
Ocmulgee, river, Georgia, U.S.A., x.
434-
Ocoee Rocks, Tennessee, U.S.A., xxiii.
176.
Oconee, river, Georgia, U.S.A., x. 434.
O'CONNELL, Daniel, Irish politician,
XVII. 720; XIII. 271; Peel's duel with,
XVIII. 453; his encounters in debate
with Lord Stanley, vil. 1 10.
O'Connor, Feargus Edward-, Chartist
leader, XVIL 722; v. 434.
, Roderick, Irish king, XIII. 259.
OCOTAL, town, Nicaragua, XVII. 477.
OCTf-CSEMlDJE, family of Tunicata,
XXIII. 616.
Octahedron, in geometry, x. 3S8;
crystals, xvi. 348, 351.
Octant, or Quadrant, Hadle/s, xvir.
258.*
Octave, musical interval, i. loS; xvii.
78, 102.
Octavia, sister of the emperor Augustu.s,
XVIL 722.
, Avife of the emperor Nero-, xvii.
722, 348.
Octavian, or Octavianus (Augustus,
q.v.), Roman emperor, III. 79; XX.
768.
(Pope John XII. ), xiiL 711.
Octavians, The, of Scottish history,
XXL 509.
Octavianus (Victor FV., antipope),
XXIV. 213.
Octavien, romance, xx. 653.
OcTAVius, Minucius Felix's dialogue,
xvi. 492.
, Cains (Augustus, q.v.), Roman
emperor, III. 79.
October, month, xvii. 722.
Horse, Roman sacrifice, xv. 570.
OCTOCORALLA, group of Actinozoa, I.
130.
OCTODONTID.*, family of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 420.
OcTOPODA, suborder of MoUusca, xvi.
670.
Octopus, genus of MoUusca, vi. 739;
XVI. 670.
Octoroon, wnite and Negro half-breed,
XVII. 320.
Octroi, tax, France, IX. 523.
OcVDROME, bird, XVII. 722.
Od/ENathus, or Odenathus, prince of
Palmyra, xvii. 724; XVIII. 200; XX.
776.
Odal, early Teutonic land tenure, IX.
T20.
Odalisks, female slaves m harem. XL
478.
Odcombian dANQUET, bv Corystt, vi.
444-
Oddfellows, societies, xvil. 723; ix.
782.
Odd Gottskalksson, Icelandic trans-
lator of the New Testament, XII. 626.
Ode, XIX. 2"ot in Greek hymnody, XII.
580.
Odeium, or Odeum, building, Athens,
III. 5; XVIIL 530.
Odel, Anders, Swedish poet, XXII.
756.
Odenathus, prince of Palmyra, xvii.
724; XVIII. 2oo; XX. 776.
Odense, toi\'n, Denmark, XVIL 724.
Ode Ondo, town. West Africa, xXiV.
754-
Oder, river, Germany and Austria,
XVIh 724; III. 116,294; X. 44.9; XXII.
52, 543-
320
Odes, of Horace,'xil. i6i; of Pindar,
XIX. 99.
Odescalchi, Benedetto (Pope Innocent
XL), XIII. 85.
Odess.\; town, Bussia, xvil. 724; xxi.
.70; observatory at, XVII. 714; univer-
sity, xxiil. 852. '
Ode to a Nightingale, Keats'spoem,
xiy, 22.
Ode to the Cuckoo," its authorship,
IV. 393-
Odeum, building, ancient Athens, lii.
5; xviii. 530
Odic Force, animal magnetism, xv.
277-
OdW, Scandinavian divinity, II. 680: x.
474; xvirM56.
ODINGTO^f, Walter, on musical measure,
XVII. 81.
Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of
Kent, VIII. 291.
, archbishoD of Canterbury, VII.
692; VI. 30.
, Cardinal (Pope Urban II.), xxiv.
8.
DE Cerinton, early English
fabulist, VIII. 838.
— DE St Amand, grancUniaster of
Knights Templars, xxiil. 161.
Odo.\cer, barbarian king of Italy,
XVII. 72.6 ; XX. 781 ; his ordinances
regarding the church, xix. 492 ;
defeat of, by Theodoric, xill. 467;
xxill. 256; at Ravenna, xx. 297
Odoeff, town, Russia, xxiii. 605.
O'DOGHERTV, Sir Cahir, Irish chief tain,
Donegal, VII. 363.. ^^
Odon (Eudes or Eudon), duke of
Aquitania, li. 233; IX. 531.
Odonat.\, group of insects, vii. 385;
XIII. 152.
O'DONNELL, Henry Joseph, count of La
Bisbal, Spanish general, xvii. 727.
, Hugh (Red Hugh), Irish chieftain,
VII. 362.
, Hugh Baldearg, Irish chieftain,
XIII. 268.
, Karl, Austrian general, xvii. 727.
, Leopold, duke of Tetuan, Spanish
statesman, xvii. 727; XXII. 346.
O'DONNELLS, Irish sept, xiil. 25a
O'DONOJU, Juan, Spanish governor,
Mexico, XVI. 219.
Odontoceti, suborder of Cetacean
mammals, xv. 395; xxiv. 525.
Odontology, or Dentistry, vii. 595;
XV. 797.
Odontophore, organ of molluscs, xvi.
64a
Odontoptervx, fossil bird. III. 729.
Odophone, perfume measurer, xvill.
526.
Odoric, Franciscan monk and Eastern
traveller, xvil. 728; X. 178; XV. 473;
in China, xvi. 745; in Tibet, xiv.
502.
Odour, of minerals, xvh 379.
0 D E— 0 H M
Odour-Secreting Glands, of mam-
mals, XV. 348.
Odovacar, or Odoacer (j.J'.), barbarian
king of Italy, xvii. 726
Odrvs^, Xhracian tribe, xxill. 318.
Odylic Force, animal magnetism, xv.
277.
Odynerus, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
Odysseus, Greek hero (the Latin
Ulysses), xvii. 729.
Odyssey, Homeric poem, xi. 137; xii.
119.
CECODOMA, genus of ants, 11. 98.
CEcol.\mpadius, John, German Re-
former and theologian, XVII. 729; XX.
332; on church order, XIX. 676.
CEooPHARi\ Woodiella, rare insect,
XV. 459.
(Ecumenical Councils, vl 510;
Basel, III. 409; Constance, vi. 297;
Tre.nt, xxiii. 543; Vatican, xxiv. no;
XVII. 754.
OECUMENICAL Methodist Confer-
ence (iSSi), XVI. 193.
CEdemia, genus of birds, XXI. 470.
Oedenburg, to\™, Hungary, xvii.
730.
CEdicnemus, genus of birds, vi. 712.
QiDIPE, Voltaire's play, xxiv. 2S5.
QEdipUS, Greek hero, xvir. 730.
, pseudo-classical romance, XX. 640.
CoLONEUS, Sophocles's drama,
XXII. 272.
Tyrannus, Sophocles's drama,
xxu. 273.
Oehlenschlager, Adam Gottlob,
Danish poet, iivu. 730; vil. 92, 444.
Oeland, island, Sweden, xvii. 752;
XXII. 737.
Oels, town, Prussia, XVIL 731.
Oelschlager, Adam (Olearius), Ger-
man traveller, XVII. 760.
OenACH, early Irish fair, XIIL 25S.
CEnanthic Acid, xvil 731; xxiv.
602.
CEnanthic Ether, xvii. 731.
CEnipontum (Innsbruck), ancient town,
Tyrol, Austria, xill. 86.
CEnochoe, Greek vessel, XIX. 614.
CEnoe, mother of Pan, XVIII. 20S.
CEnom.\us, mythic king of Olympia,
XVIL 731; XVIII. 4S0.
CEnone, of Greek legend, xvill. 295.
CEnotria, ancient province. Italy, xv.
37; CEnotrians, Xlll. 443.
CEnUSS/E, islands, Greece, XVI. 52.
Oerlaams, South-African race, xil. 309.
Oersted, Hans Christian, Danish scien-
tist, VII. 91; his electrical' discoveries,
VIII. 10.
CErstedite, mineral, xvi. 426.
Oertel, Abraham, Flemish geogranher,
XVIII. 52
Oesel, island. Baltic Sea, Russia, XVii.
732.
Oeser, Adam Frederick, Goethe's art-
teacher, X. 723.
(Esophagus, Anatomy of the, vil. 2235
diseases of, XXIIL 321.
Oesterreich, or Austiia (q.v.), m.
123.
Ofanto, river, Italy, xill. 440.
Open, or Buda, town, Hungary, I v. 423 ;■.
unive^ty of, xxill. 840, 852; mineral
water of, xvi. 436. See also Buda-
pest.
Offa, British king, viil. 282 ; xvii..
570.
Offa's Dyke, Shropshire, England,,
XXI. 648.
Offenbach, town, Germany, xvii. 732,
, Jac(|vies, musical composer, xvil^
73=. 99-
Offences, Criminal, vi. 587; in Roinam
law, XX. 675.
Offerings, Sacrificial,, xxl 132.
Officers, Ranks of, in British army,
II. 575; in na\-y, xvii. 291.
OF State, English, xxii. 458.
Offlets, in canals, IV. 785
Ogam, ancient Irish inscriptions, v,
306.
Ogarieff, Russian poet, xxi. log.
OgbomosHO, town. West Africa, XXIV„
754-
Ogdai Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 740P
his conquests in China, v. 647.
Ogden, towTi, Utah, U.S.A., xvii. 732.
, Colonel Josiah, of Newark, New-
Jersey, U.S.A., XVII. 371.
OopENSBURG, town, New York, U.S.A.J.
XVII. 733.
Ocfi, Vincent, Haytian emancipationist
XXII. 140.
Ogee, in architecture, 11. 468.
Oghotai Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi.
740.
Ogier the Dane, romance, xx. 652.
Oglethorpe, James Edward, British.
general, XVIL 733; colonies founded
by, in United States, x. 437.
Oglio, river, Italy, xiil. 436.
Ogma, Celtic deity, v. 300.
Ogoway, or Ogowe, river. West Africa,,
XVIL 733; I. 254.
Ogoway-Gaboon, region, Africa,. Lan-
guages of, XXIV. 828.
Ogun, river. West Africa, xxiv. 754.
Ogurs, or Uigurs, Ural-Altaic people,
xxiL 1 1 ; XXIIL 659; XXJV. I
O'Gyalla, Hungary, Observatory al,
XVIL 713.
Ogyges, in Greek legend, xvii. 733.
O'Higgins, province. Chili, XXI. 298
Ohio, river, U.S.A., Xvi. 518.
, State, U.S.A., XVII..734; wine in-
dustry of, XXIV. 611.
(XiLONiz.\TioN Company, xxiiu
734-
Ohm, Georg Simon, German physicist^
XVIL 738 ; his law of electromotive
force and resistance, vill. 12, 40; hi?
law in regard to vibratoiy 50und%.
XVIL 105.
O H M — O L I
321
Ohm, electrical unit of measurement,
VIII. 44, 104; xxilt 1x6.
Ohod, Arabia, Battle of (625), XVl.
556.
OhtheRE, or Other, King Alfred's
account of his voyages, I. 507; Xix.
316.
CHURLEV, Irish archbishop, XIII. 265.
OlDIUM, vine fungus, XXIV. 240, 605.
Oi-GAWA, river, Japan, xiil. 572.
OlGNON, river, France, Xlll. 782.
OiKOPLEURA, genus of Tunicata. XXIII.
614.
OiKUL, lake, Central Asia, xviii. 104.
Oil, Gils, xvii. 739; in plants, iv. 88;
adulteration of, I. 171; for clocks,
VI. 33; gas from, x. 100; for lamps,
XIV. 244; for lighthouses, XIV. 626;
ubricant, XV. 34 ; painter's, xviii.
138; cocoa-nut, vl 103; cod-liver,
VI. 104; colza, VI. 176; croton, vi.
615; of lavender, XIV. 352; of lemons,
XIV. 438; linseed, Xiv. 677; olive,
xvn. 763; paraffin, xviii. 237; of
peppermint, xviii. 517; petroleum,
XVIII. 712; poppy, XIX. 513; rape,
XX. 273; sesame, xxi. 693; tar, xxill.
58; of turpentine, XXIII. 669; whale,
XXIV. 529; Sicilian, XVIII. 713.
— - Bird, xi. 227*
Cake, xvii. 739; xiv. 677.
City, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xvii.
739-
Colours, xix. 86.
— ' — Creek Valley, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvni. 713.
Springs, x. 271.
Oilstone, or Hone, xii. 134.
Oil Varnishes, xxiv. 91.
Oil-Yielding Plants, i. 383.
Oireamhain, ancient district, Ireland,
XV. 669.-
OiRON Pottery, xix. 629.
OlSE, department, France, XVII. 749;
river, xxi. 624.
OisiANic Tales, Celtic, v. 311. See
Ossian.
OjEDA, Alonzo de, Spanish explorer, X.
182.
OjiBWAYS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
831.
OjO Caliente, miner£tl springs. New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvii. 400.
Oka, river, Russia, XXI. 115; XXIV.
279.
Okad, festival, Arabia, II. 256, 263.
Okawa, river, Japan,, XXIII. 432.
Oken, Lorenz, German naturalist, XVII.
749; his contributions to morphologj-,
XVI. 839.
Okenite, mineral; xvi. 421.
Okhotsk, town. Eastern Siberia, XV.
548.
, Sea of, Pacific, xviii. n6.
Oki, i-slands, Japan, xill. 569.
Okinakane, river, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
25—16
Okinawa, island, Lew-Chew group,
Pacific, xiv. 490.
Okra, or Gumbo, plant, Xl. 276.
Olaf, St, Norwegian king, XVii. 586.
, Swedish king, xxil. 744.
Kyrre, Norwegian king, xvn.
587-
TryggvaSON, Norwegian king,
xvii. 586.
Olafsson, Eggert, Icelandic patriot and
poet, XII. 623; XXI. 369.
Olambo, river. West Africa, X. 3.
Olancho, department, Honduras, xil.
132.
Oland, island, Sweden, xvil. 752; xxii.
737-
Olaus Magnus (or Magni), Swedish
ecclesiastic, xvil. 752.
Olbers, Heinrich W. Matthias, German
astronomer, XVII. 752; his comet, VI.
193; on the orbit of comets, vi. 182;
his observatory at Bremen, xv;:. 712.
Olbia, Greek colony, Scythia, xvn.
753. 504-
, to^vn, Asia Minor, xviii. 207.
Olbiopolis (Olbia), Greek colony,
Scythia, XVII. 753, 504.
Olcinium (Dulcigno), ancient to-n-n,
Albania, Vll. 520.
Old Age, Period of, xv. 778.
Oldbury, town, England, xvn. 753.
Old Castile, pro\Tnce, Spain, xxii.
298.
Oldcastle, Sir John, LoUard martyr,
xvn. 753; XL 6&0; XIV. 812.
Old Catholics, xvil 754; viii. 492;
XXIV. 113.
'^ld Curiosity Shop, Dickens's novel,
VII. 176.
Oldenburg, grand-dirchy, Germany,
XVII. 756; town, xvn. 758.
, Henry, man of science, XXII. 401 ;
as secretary of Royal Society, Xvii.
439-
Oldfield, Mrs, English actress, IX. 40.
Oldham, toivn, England, xvn. 758;
co-operative societies of, VI. 218.
, John, English satirist, XVII. 759.
Oldhaven Beds, in geology, x. 361.
Oldisleben, district, Germany, XXI.
349-
Old Man of the. Mountains, chief
of the Ismaelites, n. 723; xxiii. 161.
Old Nick, origin of the designation,
xvii. 483.
.Old Red Sandstone, in geology, x.
342-
Old Red Sandstone, Hugh Miller's
work, XVI. 319.
Old Sarum, town, England, xxi. 218.
Old Side, Presbyterian denomination,
United States, xix. 698.
Old Testament, hi. 634; canon of, v.
I ; Septuagint version of, xxi. 667.
See Bible.
Old Windsor, town, England, xxiv.
600.
Oldys, William, English bibliographer,
XVII. 759.
Olea, genus of plants, Xvn. 761.
Oleander, plant, xvn. 759.
Olearius, Adam, German traveller,
XVII. 760.
Oleaster, plant, xvn. 761.
Olefines, class of hydrocarbons,
xvin. 237.
Oleg, early Russian chief, XXI. 87.
Olein, fatty substance, XXIII. 35; XXII.
202.
Olekma, river, Siberia, xxii. 5; xxiv.
726.
Olenek, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxiv.
726.
Oleography, chromo-lithography, xiv.
700.
Oleo-Margarine, imitation butter,
xvn. 760.
Ol^ron, island, France, xvn. 760
, Sea laws of, xxi. 583.
Olette, spa, France, xx. 128.
Olfactory Organs, i. 885; xxik
165.
Olca, early Russian nrincess. xvn.
761; XXI. 88.
Strait, Spitzbergen, xxii. 408.
OlgopOL, to\\-n, Russia, XIX. 254.
Oliaras (Antiparos), island, Greece,
IL 133.
Olibanum, or Frankincense, IX. 709;
XII. 718.
Oligarchy, form of government, xi,
II ; in Rome and in Venice, xvn. 527.
OligocHjETA, order of worms, n. 63;
XXIV. 677.
Oligoclase, mineral,-XVI. 420.
Oligodontid^, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
Oligosporea, order of Protozoa, xix.
855.
Olinda, town, Brazil, xviii. 552.
Oliphant, Caroline, Baroness Naime,
XVII. 167.
Olisipo (Lisbon), ancient town, Portu-
gal, XIV. 693.
Oliva, Fernan Perez de, Spanish writer,
xvn. 761.
Olivares, Gasparo de Guzman, duke of,
Spanish statesman, xvn. 761; XVlll.
746; xxn. 331.
Olive, plant, xvn. 761 ; in Attica, in.
59-
Olivenite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Olive Nut, xvn. 664.
Olive Oil, xvii. 744.
Oliver, of the Roland legend.s xx. 626,
651.
, Isaac, English painter, xxi. 441,
444.
Oliveros y Artos, romance, XX. 659.
Olivers, Thomas, Welsh hymn-writer,
XII. 594.
Oliver Twist, Dickens's novel, vii. 1 76.
Olives, or Olivet, Mount of, Jerusalem,
XVII. 763; xin. 636.
322
O L I — O P A
Olivetans, monastic order, xvil. 764;
XVI. 711.
OLIviNE,inmeral, X. 228; XV. 217; XVI.
410; xviii. 534.
Olkhon, island, Lake Baikal, Siberia,
III. 241.
Olkin (Dulcigno), to^vn, Turkey, vii.
520.
OLL.4MH, Celtic dignitary, v. 303.
Ollivier, Abbe, his history of Pope
Alexander VI., I. 490
Ollulanus, genus of nematode worms,
xvil. 325.
Olmsted, Denison, American scientist,
XVII. 764.
Olmutz, town, Austria, xvii. 764; xvi.
811; observatory at, XVII. 713; uni-
versity, xxill. 851
Olnev Hymns, xii. 594; xvii. 449.
Olonetz, government, Russia, xvil.
764; XXI. 69.
Oloron-Sainte-Marie, town, France,
XVII. 765; XX. 127.
Olosenga, atoll, Polynesia, xix. 420.
Olta, river, Eoumania, XXI. 14.
Olten, town, Switzerland, XXII. 250.
OLTY,town, Transcaucasia, Russia, XXIIL
515-
Olybrius, Roman emperor, xvii. 765.
Olvmpia, ancient town, Greece, xvii.
765.
, town, ■Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXIV. 387.
Olympiacus, Lysias's oration, XV.
119.
Olympiads, in chronology, v. 711.
Olympias, mother of Alexander the
Great, XVII. 770; XV. 142.
Olympic (or Olympian) Games, v.711;
VIII. 140; X. 63; XI. 94; XVII. 766.
Olympium, temple of Zeus, at Athens,
HI. 2.
Olympus, habitation of the gods, xvii.
770.
, mountain, Arcadia, Greece, xvii.
77a
, mountain, Thessaly, Greece, xvii.
770; XI. 81; XXIII. 29S.
, mountains, Mysia, Asia Minor,
XVIL 122; II. 706; III. 792.
, town, Lycia,Asia Minor,xvil. 770;
XV. 93.
, Phrygian musician, XVII. 770.
Olynthiacs, Demosthenes's orations,
VII. 70.
Olynthus, town, ancient Greece, xvii.
771; XV. 137; taken by Philip of
Macedon, xv. 139.
, Haeckel's ideal sponge, XXII. 413.
Om.\gh, town, Ireland, xxill. 713.
Omaha, town, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvil.
771-
Omah.^s, American-Indian tribe, xii.
832; totems of, XXIIL 468.
O'Mahonv, John, Fenian leader, xill.
271.
Oman, kingdom, Arabia, IL 238, 261.
Omar I., caliph, xvl 550, 563; at
Jerusalem, VL 622.
II., caliph, xvl 574.
Khayyam, Persian poet and
mathematician, XVIL 771.
Omayyads, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 565;
II. 258; in Spain, xxii. 310; coins of,
XVIL 660.
Ombo, district, Tibet, xxill. 341.
Ombos, Temple of, Egypt, vii. 783.
Ombres Chino'" nuppet-show shad-
ow.?, XV. 54
Omens, vii. 29;;, . 201; of augurs,
III. 72; totemistic, xxiil. 469.
Ometepec, volcano, Nicaragua, XVIL
477-
Omichund, Bengali political agent, VL
10.
OmMiades. See Omaj-yads.
Omm Shomar, mountain, Sinai, Arabia.
XXII. 88.
Omnibus, coach, v. 136.
Bill (1850), in United States poa-
tics, V. 818.
Omnimeter, EckboH's, theodolite,
XXII. 719.
Omoa, town, Honduras, xil. 130.
Omphale (Cybele), Lydian goddess, XV.
99.
Omra, ceremony at Mecca, XV. 674.
Omri, king of Israel, XIII. 406.
Omsk, town, Siberia, XVII. 772.
On, ancient town, Egypt, VII. 769.
On.\GER, wild ass, I. 259; XII. 175.
Onas, tribe, Tierra del Fuego, XXIIL
384.
Onca, Altar of, at Thebes, Greece, XXIII.
230.
OnchestOS, Amphictyony of, Greece,
1- 773-
Oncorhynchus, genus of fishes, xxi.
224.
Oncosin, mineral, xvi. 425.
Ondo, state. West Africa, XXIV. 754.
Oneg.\, lake, Russia, XVIL 772, 764;
river, xvii. 772; xxL 73; town, xvii.
772-
Oneglia, town, Italy, xix. 532.
Oneida, Lake, New Fork, U.S.A., xvii.
451
Canal, North America, xxi. 180.
Community, American commun-
istic society, xvii. 772; VL 212.
O'Neill, Hugh, Irish chief, xill. 265.
, Owen Roe, Irish leader, XIII. 267.
, Shane, Rebellion of, in Ireland,
XIIL 264.
O'Neills, Irish sept, XIIL 250.
Oneiromancy, divination by dreams,
VIL 293; XV. 206
Oneiza, town, Arabia, xvii. 773.
Onekotan, island, Kuriles, Asia, Xiv.
160.
Onesi.mus, of Scripture, xviii. 741.
Ongole, town, India, xvii. 321.
Ongtong Java, islands, South Pacific,
xxiL 252.
Onias L-III., Jewish high priests, Xlil.
42a
Onin, peninsul* New Guinea, xvii.
386.
Onion, vegetable, xil. 285.
Onitsha, town. West Africa, XVII. 498.
Onkelos, Targum of, XXIIL 63.
Onobrychis, genus of plants, xxi. 155.
Onocrotalus, genus of birds, XViiL
474-
Onolzbach (Ansbach), town, Bavaria,
IL 91
Onomacritus, Greek seer and poet,
XVIL 774.
Onomasticon, PoUux's work, xix.
403.
Onomastus, winner of Olympian prize,
XXIL 185.
Onomatopceia, in philology, xviii.
768.
0_nondaga, Lake, New York, U.S.A.,
XXII. 818.
Onopordon, genus of plants, xxiii.
307-
Ontario, Lake, North America, xvii.
451: XXI. iSo, 182.
, pro\'ince. Dominion of Canada,
XVIL 774.
Mine, Utah, U.S.A., xxiii. 815.
Onteniente, town, Spain, xvil 776.
Ontology, in philosophy, xvi. 79;
XVIIL 795; in relation to ethics, VIIL
574; to psychology, XX. 37; Ferrier
on, IX. no; Herbart on, XI. 718;
Xenocrates's system of, XXI v. 718.
Onuba (Huelva), Roman town, Spain,
XIL 334.
Onuris, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
Onycha, incense, XII. 718.
Onychophora, order of Annelida, IL
69.
Onychoteuthis, genus of Mollusca,
XVI. 671.
Onyx, precious stone, xvii. 776; I. 2771
XXI. 31a
Oodeypore (Udaipur), state and town,
India, XXIII. 716; v. 768; XX. 260.
Oogenesis, in embryology, xx. 414.
OOJEIN, town, India, xxill. 719.
OoKlEP, town, Namaqualand, South
Africa, xvii. 168.
Oolite, mineral, xvi. 397.
Rocks, in geology, x. 355.
Oology, in ornithology, liL 772; Des
Murs on, xviiL 32.
Oomarkote (UmarkotX town, India,
XXIII. 221.
OoPHORE, in plants, XX. 430.
Oophorectomy, in surgery, xxiL 691.
OORUN(Uran), town, India, XXIIL 221.
OOSPORE.'E, class of plants, III. 693.
Ootacamund (Utakamand), town,
India, xvii. 509.
Ooze Deposits, of Norwegian Sea,
XVIL 593 ; of Pacific Ocean, xviil.
123-
Opah, fish, XVIL 777.
O P A — O R C
323
Opal, precious stone, xvii. 777; xvi.
390.
Opalinski, Christopher, Polish satirist,
XIX. 302.
Opatow, town, Poland, XX. 218.
Opener, in cotton manufacture, Vl.
491.
Openshaw, town, England, xvii. 777.
Opera, in music, its origin, xvii. 86, 87,
94; English, Vll. 437; Italian, XXIV.
315-
BuFFA (or Bouffe), xvii. 99;
XXI. 25; Offenbacli's, XVII. 732.
OPiRA COMIQUE, XVII. 98.
Oper.^ House, at Paris, xviii. 277;
XXIII. 225.
Operette MoRAll, Leppardi's work,
XIV. 464.
Ophel, hill, Jerusalem, XIII. 63S.
Ophicalcite, marble, XV. 529; XXI.
683.
Ophicleide, musical instrument, xvii.
778.
Ophidia, order of reptiles, XXII. 189;
classification of, XX. 439, 445; para-
bitca uf, xviii. 260; of America. I.
684.
Ophioltte, stone, XXI. 683.
Ophiophagus, genus of snakes, xxu.
196.
Ophir, of Scripture, xvii. 780.
Ophite, stone, xxi. 682.
OPHiURipE.\, order of Echinodermata,
vii. 634.
Ophthalmia, eye disease, xvii. 780; in
Egypt, VII. 704.
Ophthalmology, xvii. 780; as branch
of medicine, xv. 797.
Ophthal.mometer, scientific instru-
ment, VIII. S20.
Ophthalmoscope, instrument for ex-
amining the eye, xvil. 7S6.
Opicans, or Oscans,' ancient Italian
people, xviii. 54; XIII. 445.
Opie, Amelia, English wi-iter, XVU. 787.
, John, English painter, XVII. 7S7;
hia friendship with Walcot, XXIV.
628.
Opisometer, for measuring distances
on a map, XXII. 721.
Opisthobranchia, order of MoUusca,
XVI. 655.
Opisthocomus, genus of birds, xil. 28.
Opisthographs, of the Catacombc, v.
209.
Opitz, Martin, German dramatist, vii.
440; x. 530.
Opium, drug, xvii. 787, 231; as a poison,
XIX. 2781 eating and smoking of, xvii.
793i 794 i smoking, in China, v. 671;
cultivation of, in India, III. 508, 568;
XII. 749; XVIII. 409; cultivation, in
Persia, xviii. 625; opposition of the
Qiinese to trade in, v. 651.
Opoczno, town, Poland, XX. 218.
Opodeldoc, liniment, xvii. 795.
Oporto, town, Portugal, xvii. 795;
library of, xiv. 532; wine trade,
XX! v. 609.
Opossum, marsupial mammal, xvii.
796; XV. 380, 382; XVIII. 72S; skins
of, IX. 838.
Shrimp, crustacean, VI. 658.
Opotchka, town, Russia, xx. 36.
Oppel, N. M., on the classification of
reptUes, XX. 435.
Oppeln, town, Prussia, xvii. 797; dis-
trict, XXII. 52
Oppenheim, town, Germany, XVII. 797.
Oppenheimer, Siiss, Wiirtemberg
minister, XXIV. 702.
Oppian, Greek poet. XVII. 797; xii.
393-
Law, Roman, xxil. 644.
Oppidolo, town, Italy, xviil. 214.
Oppidum Ubiorum (Cologne), ancient
tottTi, Germany, VI. 152.
Oppius, Caius, friend of Julins Caesar,
XVII. 797.
Oppolzer's Observatory, Vieuuo,
XVII. 713.
Opposites, Pythagorean theory of, XX.
138.
Ops, Italian goddess, XXI. 321.
Optical Errors, xxiv. 435.
Optical Glass, Manufacture of, x.
665.
Optical Illusions, ii. 205.
Optical Instruments, xvil 801, 806.
Optical Square, surveying instru-
ment, XXII. 720.
Optic Nerve, i. S89; viii. 816;
diseases of, xvii. 784.
Optics, xvii. 798; xiv. 577, 580; optical
aiTangements of the eye, VIII. 817; laws
of, in relation to the microscope, XVI.
258; to the telescope, XXIII. 139; wave
theory of light, XXIV. 421; contribu-
tions to the science by Arago, II. 303;
by Brewster, IV. 276; by Newton,
XVII. 438; by Porta, XIX. 526.
, Geometrical, XVII. 798.
Optic Thalami, xix. 37.
Optigraph, variety of camera lucida,
IV. 740.
Optimism, in philosophy, xviii. C84.
Opuntia, group of Cactacece, iv. 626.
Opuntii, Locri, ancient Greek people,
XIV. 764.
Opus Majus, of Roger Bacon, ill. 220.
Opus Quadratum, in Roman build-
ings, XX. 809.
Orach, vegetable, xii. 285.
Oracle, Oracles, xvii. 808; of Greece,
XIX. 91; of Delphi, VII. 53.
Or^fajokull, mountain, Iceland, XII.
-616.
Oragos, mountains, Brazil, iv. 223.
Oran, to^vn, Algeria, xvil. S09,
Orange, tree and fruit, xvii. 810; xii.
272.
, tovm, France, XVII. 812; popula-
tion, xxiv. 1 14; university of, xxill.
839.
Orangf, town. New Jersey, U.S.A..
XVIL 813.
, Princes of, XII. 74, 79; xvn. 812;
their connexion with house of Stuart,
XII. 79.
, William the Silent, Prince of,
XXIV. 582; XII. 76.
, WUliam, Prince of (WilUam III.
of England), XXIV. 578; XIL 81; in-
vited to England, VIII. 351.
Co~LOURS, in dyeing, vii. 578.
Orangemen, association of Irish Pro-
testants, XVII. S13.
Orange-Nassau, or Orange, House of,
XII. 74, 79; XVIL 812.
Orange River, South Africa, i. 254;
V. 42.
Orange River Free State, South
Africa, I. 270; V. 45; XVII. 813.
Orangite, mineral, xvi. 425.
Orang-Outan, ape, 11. 149.
Orangs, Malayan people, xv. 323, 324.
Oranienbaum, town, Russia, xvn.
814; xxi. 190, 194.
Oratorians, religious society, XVU.
347; xvL 713.
Oratorio, in music, xvn. 85, 100;
Handel's oratorios, XI. 435; Haydn's,
XI. 540; Mendelssohn's, xvi. 8.
Oratory, Brougham's, IV. 374; Burke's,
IV. 544; Demosthenes's, vil. 72; earl
of Derby's, VIL 112; Fox's, IX. 500;
Grattan's, XI. 63; Greek, XI. 142;
Robert Hall's, XI. 392; Isjeus's, XIII.
376; Isocrates's, xiil. 388; Lysias's,
XV. 118; Roman, xx. 719.
, in architecture, II. 468.
, Congregation of the, XVII. 346;
XVL 713.
Orazi, Giovanni B., Italian flute-maker,
XXIII. 521.
Orbelian, John, Georgian prince, as
Prester John, xix. 716.
Orbiston, Scotland, Owen's community
at, XVIII. 88.
Orbit, of comets, vi. 182.
Orbitolites, genus of Foraminifera, IX.
377-
Orca, genus of cetacean mimmala, xv.
398.
Orcades, the ancient Thule, xxiii.
328.
Orc.\gna, Italian painter, sculptor, and
architect, xvn. 814; IX. 771; xxi.
568; his glass-paintings, X. 669.
Orcella, genus of cetacean mammals,
XV. 398.
Orchard Culture, l 384.
Orchard-House, in horticulture, xii.
225, 278.
Orchesographv, dancing notation, VI.
800.
Orchestra, Orchestration, in
music, XVIL 98.
Orchestrion, musical instrument,
x.vn. 106.
Orchha, native state, India, xvn. 816.
324
O R C — O R M
Orchian Law, Roman, xxii. 644.
Orchids, family of plants, xvii. S16;
XII. 266.
Orchil, or Archil, piirple dye, II. 379;
XIV. 559.
Orchis, genus of plants, xvil. 816.
Orchomenus, town of Arcadia, Greece,
XVII. 818.
, ton-n of BcEotia, Greece, xvii. 818.
Orcus, Roman divinity, Xix. 236.
Ordeal, xvii. 818; in Siam, xxl 852;
by the Styx, XXII. 614.
Order, or Ordination, sacred rite, xvil.
820.
Ordericus Vitalis, Norman historian,
XVH. 821.
Order of Precedence, British, xix.
662.
Orders, Holy, v. 826; xvii. 82a
, Monastic, xvi. 703.
OF Knighthood, xiv. 121; of
St John of Jerusalem, xxi. 173; of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 160 ; of
Teutonic Knights,xxill. 201; military,
XVI. 709.
Ordinalia, ancient Cornish drama, v.
3^3-
Ordinary, in law, xvii. 821.
Ordination, sacred rite, xvn. 820.
Ordin-Nastochkin, Russian states-
man, XXI. 96.
Ordnance, Construction of, XI. 288,
305-
, Surveyor-general of, British. II.
572.
Survey, of Great Britain, VII.
599; X. 191, 210; methods of, xxil.
70S, 71 1 ; maps of, x. 210.
Ordono, kings of Leon, xxn. 311.
Ordovices, British tribe, XXI. 648.
Ordubad, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 515.
Ordus, Mongol tribes, XVI. 744.
Oreades, in Greek mythology, XVU.
_688.
Orebro, town, Sweden, XVII. 821;
county, XXII. 741.
Ore-Dressers, machines, xvi. 59.
Oregon, or Columbia, river, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 116.
, State, U.S.A., XVII. 822; early
exploration and settlement of, XXIII.
758, 767.
City, Oregon, U.S.A., XVII. 825.
O'Reilly, Don Alexandre, Spanish
governor of New Orleans, XVII. 404.
Orel, government, Russia, xvii. 825;
XXI. 69; town, XVII. 826.
Orellana, Francis, Spanish explorer,
1.654.
Orenburg, government, Russia, xvii.
826; XXI. 69; town, XVII. 827.
Gum, XIV. 31a
Orense, province ana town, Spam,
XVII. 827.
Oreposa, Count, Spanish minister,
XXII, 333.
Ores, Dressing of, XVI. 462; extraction
of metals from, xvi. 57.
Oresme, Nicole, French bishop and
economist, XIX. 354.
Orestes, of Greek legend, XVII. S27.
, Euripides's play, viii. 677.
, barbarian ruler of Italy, XVII.
726; XX. 781.
Orfa (Edessa, q.v.), town, Turkey in
Asia, VII. 653.
Orffyreus (J. E. E. Bessler), his per-
petual motion, XVIII. 554.
Orfila, Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure,
toxicologist, XVII. 828.
Orford, Earls of (Robert and Horace
Walpole), XXIV. 335, 333.
Organ, musical instrument, xvii. 828;
Vogler's improvements on, XXIV. 272.
, American, XI. 483.
Organic Chemistry, v. 544.
Organina, musical instrument, XVlI.
106.
Organistrum, musical instrument,
XIX. 65.
Organon, of Aristotle, II. 516.
Organ Pipes, Length and notation of,
XVII. 103.
Organum, musical instrument, XIX.
65.
Orgies, Greek rites, XVII. 839.
Orguinette, njusical instrument, XVII.
106.
Orhy, mountain, France, XX. 126.
Oriana, wife of Amadis of Gaul, XX.
654.
Oribasius, Byzantine anatomist, 1. 804;
XV. 804.
OribatiDvE, family of Arachnida, xvi.
528; II. 276.
Oriches, Tungus tribe, Siberia, XXlii.
608.
Oriel College, Oxford, xvin. 97.
Oriel Window, ii. 460.
Oriental Republic of the Uru-
guay, South America, xxrv. 14.
Oriflamme. sacred banner of France,
IX. 279.
Origanum, genus of plants, xxill.
333-
Origen, early Christian writer, XVII.839;
as Biblical interpreter, XL 745; on
the canon, v. 6, 9; his commentary on
Canticles, v. 33; on Celsus's discourse
against Christianity, v. 295; creed of,
VL 559; his Hexapla, III. 646; on
inspiration, xiiL 155; his part in the
Septuagint, xxi. 669.
Original Seceders, Scottish religious
denominations, xv. 132; xxill. 728.
Original Sin, xix. 669 ; Pelagian
doctrine regarding, XVIII. 472.
Origin of Species, hi. 6Sq- Lamarck
on, XIV. 232.
Origin of Species, Darwin'a work,
XXIV. 77, 81.
Origin of the World, Myths of the,
XVII. 1 43, 156.
Orihuela, town, Spain, xvii. 843.
Orik, Spain, Battle of (1139), xix.
540.
Orin, lake, Tibet, xxiil. 339.
Orinoco, river. South America, XVIL
843; Raleigh's expeditions to, XX. 262.
, Alto, territory, Venezuela, XXIV.
140.
Oriole, bird, xvil 844; xil O96.
Orion, constellation, xvil. 844; nebula
of, II. 820.
, of Greek legend, xvil. 844; xix.
559-
Orissa, province, Bengal, India, xvil
844; districts and population 'of, IIL
567-
Oristano, town, Sardinia, XXI. 3095
river, xxi. 308.
Orithyia, in Greek legend. III. 59.
Oriya Language, India Dictionaiies
of, VIL lOI.
Orizaba, or Orizava, town, Mexico,
XVII. 845.
, Peak of, Mexico, xvi. 215.
Orjen, mountain, Dalmatia, VI. 783.
Orkhan, Turkish prince, XXIII. 641.
Orkla, river, Norway, xvil. 575.
Orkney and Shetland, county, Scot-
land, XVIL 845; area and population,
XXI. 528; representation, XSIIL 727.
Orkneyinga, Icelandic book, xil. 625.
Orkney Islands, Scotland, xvii. 845^
the ancient Thule, XXIII. 328; ao-
quired by Scotland, XXI. 495.
Orlando Furioso, Ariosto's work, 11.
503; XIII. 509; Harington's translation
of, XI. 479.
Orlando Inamor.\to, of Boiardo, iil
862.
Orle, in heraldry, XI. 696.
Orleans, town, France, xvil. 849; uni-
versity of, xxiii. 838.
, island, in the St Lawrence, Quebec,
XX. 165.
, Bastard of (Dunois), vil. 544.
, Dukes of, XVII. 852.
, Charles, duke of, French poet,
XVII. 851.
, Maid 01 (Joan of Arc, q.v.), XIII.
695.
, Anne Marie Louise d', duchesso
de Montpensier, xvi. 792.
House, Twickenham, England,
xxiii. 674.
Orloff (Orel), government, Russia,
XVII. 825; town, xvil. 826.
, to^vn, Vyatka, Russia, xxiv. 303.
, Russian family of, their relation
to Catherine II., v. 233.
, Alexis, Russian admiral, XXI. 99.
Diamond, vil 166.
Orme, Robert, historian of British India,
XVII. 853.
Ormer Shell, xvii. 2; xvi. 045.
Orjiin, early English writer, vill. 395,
410.
Ormista, Onaius's work, xvill. 50,
O R M — O S M
325
Ormonde, Earls of, Ireland, xiii. 261;
XXIII. 406.
, First Earl of, XIII. 260.
, First Duke of, xvii. 854.
Ormskirk, town, England, XVII. 856.
Ormulum, English metrical Scripture
paraphrase, 13th century, viil. 395.
Ormus, town on Persian Gulf, xvii.
856.
Grmuzd, or Ahura-Mazda, Zoroastrian
principle of good, xvil. 858; vii. 136;
XVIII. 327; XXIII. 23S; XXIV. 822.
Ornaments, of jewellery, xiii. 675.
Orne, department, France, XVill. i;
river, xviii. i.
Ornithodelphia, group of Mammalia,
XV. 371, 377
Ornitholites, fossil birds, iii. 729.
Ornithology, xviii. 2 (index, 49); iii.
699.
Ornithopoda, order of fossil reptiles,
XX. 443.
Ornithopterus, genus of fossil reptiles,
XX. 87.
Ornithorhvnchid^ family of mono-
treme mammals, XV. 371, 377.
Ornithorhvnchus, genus of mono-
treme mammals, xv. 371, 377; xix.
213.
Ornithosauria, order of extinct rep-
tiles, XX. 87, 443.
Ornithoscelida, class of fossil rep-
tiles, XX. 443.
Orobanche^, parasitic plants, xvin.
265.
Orobii, RhiEtian people, xx. 505.
OrODES I., Parthian king, xviii. 596.
II., Parthian king, xvill. 600.
Oroks, people, SaghaUn, Asia, xxi.
147.
Orolaitnum (ArlonX town, Belgium,
II. 543.
Oron, lake, Siberia, xxii. 5.
Orontes, river,SyTia, xxil. 821; legend
of, II. 131.
, satrap of Mysia, xvill. 579, 580.
Oropus, ancient town, Greece, xviii. 50;
III. 60.
Orosius, Paulus, Spanish writer, xviii.
50; King Alfred's translation of his
Histories, XIX. 316.
Oros Stavro, mountain, Cyprus, vi.
747-
Orotava, town, Teneriffe, Canaries, IV.
799-
OROTlifAN, language, Nicaragua, xvii.
479-
O'RouRKS, family, Leitrim, Ireland,
XIV. 433.
Orphan Lectures, Andrewes's, 11. 21.
Orphan of Chaou, Chinese drama, v.
666.
Orphat (Arafat), mountain, Arabia, 11.
300.
Orpheus, of Greek legend, xviii. 51.
aNjJ EURIDICE, Gluck's opera, x.
694.
Orphism, Greek religious system, XVIII.
51; Orphic mysteries, xvii. 125.
Orpiment, mineral, xviii. 51; 11. 635;
XVI. 394.
Orrery, Earl of (Charles Boyle), iv.
183.
, Earl of (Eoger Boyle), iv. 185.
Orrhoene, or Osrhocne, district, Meso-
potamia, xvi. 47; xviii. 57.
Orris- Root, perfume, xviii. 52; ix.
280.
Orseolo, Pietro, doge of Venice, xxiv.
142.
Orsini, Roman family, xx. 796, 806.
, Felice, Italian patriot, xviii. 53;
his attempt on the life of Napoleon
III., IX. 624; XVII. 228.
, Giacinto Bobone (Pope Celestine
III.), v. 291.
, Vincenzo MarcQ (Pope Benedict
XIll.), III. 559.
Orsk, town, Russia, xvill. 52.
Ortega, Melchor, Spanish romancist,
XX. 659.
Ortelius, or Ortell, Abraham, Flemish
geographer, XVIII. 52.
Ortes, Gianunaria, Italian economist,
XIX. 363.
Ortgies, Franz Hermann, Berlin jour-
nalist, XVII. 428.
Orthagorid^, tyrants of Sicyon, xxil.
32-
Orthagoriscus, genus of fishes, xvil.
777; XXII. 658.
Orthez, town, France, xx. 127.
Orthite, mineral, xvi. 409, 410.
Orthoclase, mineral, xi. 48; XVl.
419.
Orthographic Projection, in geo-
metry, XIX. 797.
Orthonectida, group of animal pai-a-
sites, XVIII. 259.
Orthonyx, genus of birds, XViii. 52.
Ortho-Phosphoric Acid, xviii. 818.
Orthoptera, order of insects, xill.
152.
Orthorhapha, group of insects, vii.
256.
Orthotomic Surfaces, in geometry,
XXII. 672.
Orthotomus, genus of birds, xxiv.
367.
Orthotropic Organs, in plants, xix.
61.
Orti Esperidi, Metastasio's poem, xvi.
104.
Ortis, Jacopo, Foscolo's Letters of, IX.
471.
Ortolan, bird, xviii. 53.
Ortygia (Syrac ase), island, Sicily, XXII.
813.
Ortyx, genus of birds, xx. 147.
Oriyxelus, genus of birds, XX. 147.
Orvieto, town, Italy, xviii. 53.
Orwell, river, England, xxii. 621.
ORYCTEROPODIDiE, family of edentate
mammals, xv. 3S8.
Oryekhoff - Zuyeff, town, Russia,
XVIII. 54.
Oryza, genus of plants, xx. 538.
Oryzorictin^, subfamily of insecti-
vorous mammals, XV. 405.
Osacca (Ozaka), town, Japan, xviii.
in; Xlll. 578.
Osages, American-Indian tribe, xn.
832.
Osaka, town, Japan, xviii. iii; xili.
578.
Osamare, station on the Niger, Africa,
XVII. 498.
OSBORN, Sherard, English admiral and
explorer, XVIII. 54.
Osborne, Captain Henry, governor of
Newfoundland, xvii. 386.
House, royal residence. Isle of
Wight, England, vi. 532.
OSCANS, ancient nation, Italy, xviii. 54;
XIII. 445; Oscan dialect, XX. 661.
Oscar L; king of Sweden, xxii. 752.
II., of Sweden, XXIL 753.
Oscillation, of parachutes, i. 201; in
ships, XXL 813; tidal, XXIII. 359.
Oscines, group of birds, xviil. 47.
OsciNis Vastator, wheat pest, xxiv.
.. 535-
OsEL, island, Baltic, xiv. 723.
Osgoode Hall, Toronto, Canada,
XXIIL 448.
OSHBUNA, Moslem name of Lisbon, Xiv.
693.
, island, Lew-Chew group, Xlll. 569;
XIV. 490.
OSHKOSH, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 55; population, XXIV. 617.
Oshmiany, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
OSHOGBO, town. West Africa, xxiv.
754
Osiander, Andreas, German Reformer,
XVIII. 55; his theological views, XV 85,
,■ Lukas, German ecclesiastic, XVIIL
55-
Osier, willow, xxiv. 589.
Osiris (Apis), Egyptian divinity, 11.
173; VII. 714, 716; XVII. 151; xxi.
674.
Osius, or Hosius, bishop of Cordova,
XII. 300.
OSKALOOSA, to^vn, Iowa, U.S.A., XVllL
55-
Osler's Anemometer, ii. 25.
OSMAN I., Ghazi, Ottoman sultan, XTIIL
55-
II., Ottoman sultan, xviii. 55;
xxin. 644.
, Turkish ruler, xxin. 640.
Pasha, Turkish general, XXin.
652.
OSMANLIS, or Ottoman Turks, XXIIL
640, 661.
OSMERUS, genus of fishes, xxL 221, 223.
OSMIRIDIUM, mineral, XVI. 383; XIX.
J92.
Osmium, chemical element, v. 537; xix.
189, 193.
326
O S M — O T W
Osmosis, absorption process in plants,
XIX. 44.
OSNABRUCK, to\vn, Prussia, XVIII. 55.
OSORIO, Geronymo, Portuguese writer,
XVIII. 56.
OSPREY, bird, XVIII. 56.
OSRED, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570.
OSRHOENE, district, Mesopotamia, XVIII.
57; XVI. 47.
OSRIC, Northumbrian king, XVII. 570.
OsROES, Parthian ruler, XVIII. 603.
OSSA, mountain, Thessaly, Greece.
XXIII. 298.
OSSAU, mountain, Krance, XX. 126.
OssElNE, constituent of bone, XVIII.
815:
Osseous Tissue, or Bone, i. 853.
Osset-cum-Gawthorpe, town, Eng-
land, XVIII. 57.
Ossetes, Circassian race of people, v.
257-
OssETic Language, Dictionary of, vii.
190.
OssETR, fisn, XXII. 612.
OssiAN, Poems of, xv."i66; v. 331; ix.
75; X. 13; Blair's dissertation on. III.
803;' Italian translation of, v. 366.
OSSIFRAGE, bird, XIV. 244; XVIII. 56.
OSSOLI, Marchioness, American author-
ess, XVIII. 57.
OSTADE, Adrian, Dutch painter, XVIII.
57--
, Isaac, Dutch painter, xvill. 59.
OSTASHKOFF, town, Russia, xviu. 59;
XXIII. 672.
OSTEND, tovm, Belgium, xviii. 60;
siege of (1601), XII. 78.
OSTENSION, Fete d', at Limoges, XIV.
652.
OSTEOID Tumours, xviii. 371.
Osteology, i. 820. See also xxii. 105.
OSTEOMALACIA, disease, XVIII. J75.
OSTEOMATA, outgrowths of bone, xvill.
371-
OsTER, town, Russia, xxill. 96.
OSTERGOTLAND, county, Sweden, xxii.
741.
OSTERSTEIN, castle, Germany, X. 438.
OSTERVALD, Jean Frederic, Swiss
theologian, XViii.j6o.
OSTGAARD, N. R., Norwegian novelist,
XVII. 592.
OSTHEIM, district, Germany, XXI. 349.
OSTIA, ancient town, Italy, XVIII; 60.
OSTIAKS, Finnish tribe, Siberia, XVIII.
61; in Russia, xxi. 251.
OsTPREUSSEN, province, Prussia, XX.
19-
OSTR,\CIS.M, Athenian political institu-
tion, XVIII. 61; XI. 97.
OSTREA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 638,
685, 694; XVIII. 106.
Ostrich, bird, xviii. 62 ; African,
I. 259; American, XX. 505; Arabian,
II. 243; Patagonian, XVIIL 353;
feathers of, IX. ^o; xviiI. 63.
OSTROFF, town, Russia, XX. 36.
OSTROG, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
OSTROGOTHS, or East Goths, X. 848; m
time of Theodosius I., XXI'I. 257; law
code of, XXI. 2 1 5.
OSTROGOZHSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
OSTROLENKA, town, Russia, XIV. 817.
OSTROW, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
OSTROWICE, town, Poland, XX. 218.
OSTSEE (Baltic, q.v.),ui. 293.
OSTSWINE, town, Prussia, XXIV. 633.,
OSTUNi, to-vvn, Italy, xviii. 63.
6st-Vaag6, island, Norway, XIV. 769.
OSTYAKS, or Ostiaks, Finnish tribe,
XVIII. 61; XXI. 251
OSUN.*, to-\VTi, Spain, XVIII. 63; XXI.
708.-
— , Duke of, Quevedo's relations with,
XX. 178.
Oswald, king of Northumbria, xvill.
63; XVII. 569; XXI. 475.
Oswaldtwistle, town, England, xviii.
64.
Oswego, town, New York, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 64.
Flour, xv. 310.
Oswestry, town, England, xviii. 64.
OswiECiM (Ausch^vitz), town, Austria,
in. 100
OswiN, St, Priory of, Tynemouth, Eng-
land, xxill. 675.
OswuLF, king of Northumbria, xvil.
570.
Oswy, king of Northumbria, xvii. 569.
Osyut (Asioot, q.v.), town, Upper
Eg)'pt, XXII. 103.
Otaco, town. New Zealand, xvii. 470;
university of, XVII. 470; XXIII. 856.
Otaheiti (Tahiti), island, Pacific,
XXIII. 22.
Otamish, division of Turkomans, xvi.
43-
Otariid.€, family of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 442.
Otfrid, or Otfried, German poet, x.
517, 522-
Othello, Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764;
source of the plot, X. 620.
Other, or Ohthere, Norse navigator,
XIX. 316; I. 507.
Othgar, Prankish margrave, XX. 651.
Othivyoth de-Rabbi Akibah, Mid-
rash, XVI. 2S6.
Otho I., emperor, xvill. 66 ; x. 483 ;
XIII. 469; XX. 7S8.
IL, emperor, XVIII. 66; x. 485.
III., emperor, xvill. 66; X. 485;
XX. 790 ; in Italy, XIX. 497 ; in
Poland, XIX. 286. .
IV., emperor, xviii. 67; U.. 491.
(of Nordheim), duke of Bavaria,
XI. 667.
, king of Greece, XI. 125.
, prince of Savoy, XXI. 339.
-^ — of Freising, German historian,
XVIII. 67; XIX. 714.
, Marcus Salvius, Roman emperor,
XVIII. 64.
Othman, caliph, XVI. 548, 549, 563.
, or Osman, I., Turkish ruler, XXIII.
640.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 644;
XVIII. 55.
BEN Affan, Mohammed's son-in
law, XVI. 548, 563, 604.
Otiorhynchus, genus of insects, xxiv.
238.
Otis, genus of birds, iv. 579.
, James, American lawyer and poli-
tician, XVIII. 67; I. 721; XXIIL 736.
Otitis, or Ear-Ache, disease, vii. 594.
Otley, town, England, xvill. 68.
Otoba Butter, vegetable fat, XVII. 744.
Otocorys, genus of birds, XIV. 316.
Otocvon, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 439.
Otoes, American-Indian ti'ibe, XII. 832.
Otorrhcea, disease of the ear, Vii. 594.
Otranto, town, Italy, xvili. 68.
, Duke of (Joseph Fouche), IX. 476.
Otric of Saxony, medieval teacher,
XXII. 74.
Ottawa, town, Canada, xvill. 68: river,
XX. 165; XXI. 181.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., Xviii. 6g.
Ottawas, American-Indian tribe, Xll.
831.
OttenseW, to^vn, Prussia, XVIII. 69.
Otter, carnivorous mammal, xviii.
69; XV. 439; skins of, IX. 83S; hunt-
ing, XII. 396.
Otterbein, p. W., founder of United
Brethren in Christ, XXIII. 727.
Ott«rburn, England, Battle of (13S8),
XXI. 490.
Otteren, river, Norway, XVII. C75.
OtTER-HOUNDS, XII. 316.
Otter-Hunting, xii. 396.
Otter Peak, mountain, Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIII. 794.
Otto, or Otho (j.«.), emperors, xviil.
66, 67.
, Dr, his gas-engine, XXII. 523.
Ottoboni, Pietro (Pope Alexander
VIIL), I. 490.
Ottocar I.-II., kings of Bohemia, in.
860.
Ottoman Empire, xxiii. 640.
Ottoman Literature, xxiii. 640,
656.
Ottomans, or Ottoman Turks, xxill.
661; in Greece, XI. 120.
OttomaQUES, tribe of South-American
Indians, I. 703.
Otto (or Attar) of Roses, perfume,
III. 52; XX. 851.
Ottowald. mountain, Germany, XXI.
349-
Ottrelite, mineral, XVI. 413.
Ottumwa, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xviii.
70.
Otumba, Mexico, Battle of (1520), VI.
442.
Otway, Thomas, English dramatist,
XVIU. 70; VII. 435.
O U A — O X Y
327
Ouachita, river, Louisiana, TT.S.A.,
XV. 20.
OUB, civer, Namaqualand, South Africa,
xvii. 168.
OUDART, Paul Louis, illustrator of hiids,
XVIII. 12.
OlTDE, or Oudh, province, India, XVIII.
71; XII. 809.
OUDENARDE, town, Belgium, xviil. 71;
battle of (1707), III. 126; IX. 582; XV.
555-
Oudh, province, India, xviii. 71;
annexation of, by the British, XII. 809;
birds of, III. 762.
OUDINOT, Charles Nicolas, duke of
Eeggio, French marshal, XVIII. 73.
OUDNEY, Dr, African traveller, v. 801.
OUGHTRED, ■William, English mathe-
matician, XVUI. 74; I. 514.
OULLINS, town, France, XX. 529.
OUNALASKA, islandj Aleutian group,
North Pacific, i. 4S0.
Dunce, carnivorous mammal, xv. 435.
OUNDLE, town, England, xvii. 556.
OuPLVTZ, fortress, Georgia, Russia, X.
785.
OURCQ Canal, Paris, xviii. 285.
OURGA, or Urga, to^\-n, Mongolia, XXIV.
II.
OuRiQUE, or Orik, Spain, Battle of
(1139), XIX. 540.
OURO Preto, tovm, Brazil, xviii. 74.
OusE, river, Sussex, England, xxii. 723.
, river, Yorkshire, England, xxiv.
747-
, Great, river, England, in. 483; IV.
727; XII. 397; xvii. 536.
Ousel, bird, xviii. 74.
OusELEY, Sir F. A. G., his experiments
on resultant tones, xvii. 93.
, Sir William, English Orientalist,
XVIII. 75.
OusTiTis, or Marmosets, group of apes,
II. 154.
Outcrop, of rocks, in geology, x. 298.
OUTFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege,
V. 787.
Outlaw, in English law, xviii. 75.
Outposts, of an army, XXIV. 363.
OUTRAM, Sir James, English general,
XVIII. 76.
Outrigger, racing boat, xxi. 31, 805.
Ova, of fishes, IX. 244; xil. 660.
Ova-Herero, African tribes, xvil. 319.
OVAR, town, Portugal, xviil. 76; XIX.
537-
Ovariotomy, in surgery, xxii. 690.
Ovary, of mammals, xv. 368; function
of, in reproduction, XX. 407.
Ovation, honour to Roman conquerors,
xviii. 76.
Oven, heating chamber, XVIII. 76; in.
257; VI. iiS; IX. 840.
Ovenus (John Owen), Latin epigram-
matist, xvin. 85.
Overbeck, Baron von, settler, North
Borneo, XXI. 134.
Overbeck, Johann Friedrich, German
painter, XVIII. 76.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, his poisoning,
XXII. 260.
Over Darwen, town, England, xvni.
77-
Overgnaghi, political party of medie-
val Italy, XIV. 768.
Overhair, in fur, IX. 836.
Overhead Railways, xx. 240.
OVER-TiDK, XXIII. 362, 365.
Overture, in music, xvii. 87, 95.
Overyssel, province, Holland, XVIIL
77-
OviBos, musk-ox, xvn. 108.
OviD (Publius Ovidius Naso), Roman
poet, xvin. 70; XX. 723; language
and style of, xiv. 335; representative
of the Augustan age, in. 83.
OviEDO, Kingdom of, Spain, XXII.
311-
, province, Spain, u. 824; xvin. 84.
, town, Spain, xviil 84; church of
Sta JIaria de Naranco near, II. 432.
V Valdez, Gonzalo Fernandez de,
Spanish historian, XVni. 84.
OviFAK,'Greehknd, Nickel iron found
at, XVI. 1 13.
Ovists, versus Animalculists, xxiv.
815.
Ovo, Castel dell', Naples, Xvn. 189.
OvoCA, vale, TVicklow, Ireland, XXIV.
557-
OvRUTCH, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
Ovule, rudimentary seed, in plants, IV.
145-
OvuLUM, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 651.
Ovum, in animals, l 844; xx. 413;
f ertQization of, XXI. 721; of mamnmls,
XV. 368; works on its structure and
morphology, viii. 168.
OwASCO, Lake, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
OwEGO, to\\-n, New York, U.S.A.,
XVIIL 85.
OWEN,John(i56o-i622), Latin epigram-
matist, XVIII. 85.
, John (161 6-1 683), Puritan theo-
logian, xvni. 85; XIL 728; onPresby-
terianism, XIX. 689.
, Sir Richard, on birds, xvill. 24; on
the classification of reptiles, xx. 438;
his zoological classification, xxiv. 807.
, Robert, English philanthropist
and socialist, xvin. 86 ; xxii. 207,
209; on commimism, VL 211.
Glendov/er, AVelsh prince, x.
678; VIII. 320; XL 660.
OwENSBOROUCH, town, Kentucky,
U.S.A., XVIII. 88.
Owens College, Manchester, England,
XV. 462; XXIII. S54.
Owen's Lake, California, U.S.A., iv.
698.
OwENSON, Sydney (Lady Morgan),
English novelist, XVI. 823.
Owen's River, CaUfumia, iv. 698.
J Owen Stanley Mountains, New-
Guinea, xvn. 387.
Owen Tudor, his marriage to Catherine
of Valois, V. 237.
Owl, bud, xvin. 8S.
Owl-Parrot, of New Zealand, xiii.
825.
Ownership, in law, xix. 560.
Owyhee, river, Nevada, U.S.A., XVn.
367-
Ox, XV. 432. See also Cattle.
Oxalic Acid, xviii. 91; as a poison,
XIX. 277.
OXALIS, genus of plants, xil. 285.
Oxaute, mineral, xvi. 428.
OX-BiRD, XXI. 260.
Oxenstierna, Axel, count of, Swedish
statesman, XVIIL 92; v. 702; xxil. 748.
r, Johan Gabriel, Swedish poet, xxii.
756.
OXEYE, bird, XXIII. 419.
O.kford, county, England, XVIIL 93;
representation, xxiil. 727.
, tovna, England, XVIII. 94; boat-
racing at, XXI. 31; colleges, VIIL 317;
libraries, xiv. 519, 544; Arundelian
marbles, II. 671; observatories, XVII.
710; heliometer in observatory, xxiii.
149; newspapers, XVII. 422; university,
XXIIL 837, 838, S52; L 69; Provisions
of (1258), VIIL 311; XVI. 7S8; Anthony
Wood's History of, xxiv. 643.
, Fii'st Earl of, English statesman,
XVIII. 99; his relations with Dean
Svnit, XXII. 764.
Methodism, xvl 185.
OXHAVEERITE, mineral, XVI.'42I.
Ox Hides, for tanning, xiv. 3S0, 383.
Oxidation Colours, for calico-print-
ing, IV. 6S9.
Oxidations, in plants, xix. 51.
Oxides, oxygen compounds, in chemistrj-,
V. 477, 544; XVL 61 ; group of minerals,
XVI. 3S5; of carbon, v. 87; of iron,
XIII. 279; of mercury, XVL 33; of
platinum, xix. 192; of potassium, XIX.
591; of silver, XXII. 71.
OxLEY, John, Australian explorer, iil
104.
OxLiP, plant, XIX. 737
Oxon, or Oxford, county, England,
XVIIL 93; XXIII. 727.
Ox-PowER, in mechanics, XV. 772.
OXTON, town, England, XVil. 599.
Oxus, river. Central Asia, xviil ioi;
XL 822; xxm. 511, 512; at Khiva.
XIV. 63.
OxvBii, Ligurian tribe, xiv. 639.
Oxy-Calcium Lamp, xv. 212.
Oxygen, chemical element, v. 479; ita
action in iron and steel, xin. 284; in
ocean water, XXL 612; as plant-food,
XIX. 48; spectrum of, xxn. 375;
thermometric properties of, XI. 574;
Lavoisier's theorj- of, XIV. 353.
OxyH/E.moglobin, constituent of red
blood-corpuscles, XX. 483.
328
O X T — P A K
OXYHITJROGEN FLA»;E, XVIII. I05.
OXYNOTUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 106.
OXYSULPHURETS, minerals, XVI, 396.
OXYURIS, genus of nematode worms,
XVII. 324; XXIV. 205.
Oyer and Terminer, in Englisli law,
XVIII. 106.
OvKEL, river, Scotland, XX. 854.
Ovo, town, West Africa, XXIV. 754.
Oyster, edible mollusc, xviii. 100;
XVI. 638, 694; artificial propagation
of, XIX. 12S; .dredge for, VII, 460;
destruction of beds, XIX. 126; fisheries
for, IX, 265, 523; at Sables d'OIonne,
France, XXI. 129; of Chesapeake Bay,
U.S.A., III. 299.
Bay, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
Catcher, bird, xviii. iii.
OZAKA, town, Japan, xviii. in; xill. 57S.
Ozanam, Antoine Frederic, French Neo-
Catholic critic, xviii. 112.
Ozark Mountains, U.S.A., l 678.
OZEROFF, Vladislaff A., Russian drama-
tist, xxi. io6.
Ozocerite, or Ozokerite, ininerai wax.
XVIII. 112; XVI. 429.
Ozoije, Locri, ancient Greek people.
XIV. 764.
Ozone, furui of oxv-gen, xvhl ti-?; v.
481.
p the sixteenth letter of the alphabet,
■'• ' XVIII. 114.
PaeaK, Persian prince, xviii. 607.
Pacas.mayo, tovra, Peru, xvili. 674,
Pac.\tiana, Phrygian province, xviii.
S52.
Paccheri, Antonio, encaustic painter,
viii. 186.
Pacchia, Girolamo del, Italian painter,
XVIII. 114.
Pacchiarotto, Jacopo, Italian painter,
XVIII. 114.
Pacchionian Bodies, in the brain, i.
865.
Pacheco, Francisco, Spanish painter,
XVIII. 114; his relations with Velaz-
quez, XXIV. 131.
, Juan V. G., Spanish governor of
Mexico, XVI. 219.
Pachnolite, mineral, xvi. 3S4.
Pacho.mius, founder of the monastic
life, 1. 10; XVI. 699.
PaCHUCA, tovra, Mexico, XVI. 214.
Pachvdermata, division of ungidate
^fammalia, XV. 421..
Pachy.meres, Georgius, Byzantine his-
torian, IV. 613.
Pachytylus, genus of locusts, XIV. 765.
Pacific Oce.an, xviii. 114; first seen
by Balbao, III. 274; explorations of,
X. 193, 195; marine fishes of, XII. 679;
islands, xix. 418.
Pacinian Corpuscles, attached to
nerves, l. 862.
Pacioli, Fra Luca, Italian painter, Xix.
82.
Pack, Hydropathic, xii. 544.
Packet-Services, Postal, xix. 567,
P.^CKFONG, German silver, X. 446.
Pacocha, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
Pacorus I., Parthian king, xviii. 597.
II., Parthian king, xviii. 603.
Pacta Conventa, articles signed by
Polish kings, xix. 292.
Pactolus, river, Asia Minor, xv. 99;
the golden stream of Sardis, xxi. 310.
PacuviuS, Marcus, Roman tragic poet,
xviil. 129; language of, xiv. 332.
Padamo, river, South America, xvii.
843-
Padang, residency and town, Sumatra,
xxii. 639.
pADAS, river, North Borneo, XXI. 123.
Paddington, district of London, xiv.
822.
Paddle-Wheel Steam SHifs, xxi.
824.
Paddy-Bird, xxi. 782.
Paderborn, town, Pnissia, xviii.
130.
Padiham, town, England, xvill. 130.
P.-vdiLla, Juan Lopez de, Spanish insur-
rectionary leader, xvill, 130; v. 4:4;
xxii. 328.
, Maria de, mistress of Pedro I. of
Castile, xviii. 450; xxil. 320.
Padlock, lock, xiv, 744.
Padua, town, Italy, xviil 131; Arena
chapel at, 11. 455; school of medicine,
XV. 809; observatory, XVll. 713;
school of painting, XXl. 436, 442;
pictures, XXI. 447; scidpture, XXI.
569; university, xxill. 833, S36.
Paducah, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 132.
P.\DUS (Po), river, Italy, XIX. 251.
PjEDAgogics, science of education, Vll,
677.
P/EDaGOGUE, The, by Clement of
Alexandria, v. 819.
P.(E0NI.\, district, north of Macedonia,
XV. 136.
, genus of plants, XVIIL 132.
P.EONY, plant, XVIII. 132; XII. 257.
Paesi, II Giovane de' (Girolafno Mttzi-
aso),- Italian painter, xvii. 114.
PaesielLO, or Paisiello, Giovanni,
Italian musical composer, xvill. 140;
xvii. 90.
PiESTUM, Greek town, Italy, XVIII. 132;
temple at, II. 410.
P^tus, Thrasea, Roman Stoic, XVUl.
663.
Paez, Jos^ Antonio president of
Venezuela, XVIII. 133,
, Pedro, Jesuit missionary to
Abyssinia, XVIIL 133.
Pagan, Comte de, on fortification, IX.
441.
Paganini, Nicolo, Italian violinist,
XVIIL 134.
Pag.\NIS, Hugh de, founder of Enighta
Templars, XXIII. 160.
Paganism, in relation to Christianity,
V. 694; VIII. 623.
Pagas.«us SlNUS, Greece, XXIII. 299;
xxiy. 282.
Page, valet or damoiseau, in chivalry,
XIV. 117; royal,' of England, xxL 38.
, C. G., his discovery of electro-
magnetic sounds, xxm. 127.
Pageants, Dramatic, vii. 416.
Paget, Henry William, marquis of
Anglesey, 11. 30.
Paging Books, Machinery for, xxil
46:.
Pagliorb.\, Mont, Corsica, vi. 439.
Pagodas, of Burmah, 11. 397; Chinese,
11. 449; of India, II. 396; porcelain,
at Nanking, xvil. 172; ruins of the
Thousand Pagodas, Java, I v. 214.
Pagus, hill near SmjTna, Asia Minor,
XXIL 186.
PahaNG, district, Malay Peninsula, XV.
322; fiver, XV. 321.
Pahlavi, language of the Zoroastrian
sacred books, xviil. 134, 655; dic-
tionary of, vii. 190.
Pai Fang, monuments, China, II. 449.
Pai-hoi, mountains, Russia, xxiv. 3.
Pai Kuli, Fire temple of, Kurdistan,
XIV. 159,
Paille-Maille, game, VL.60S.
Pai Loo, or Pai Fang, monuments,
China, 11. 449.
Pain, Sensations of, XXIII. 4S2; psycho-
logical analysis of, XX. 40, 67, 71;
mesmeric insensibility to, xv. 2S1.
Paine, Thomas, social and political
writer, XVIIL 136; his influence on
the American revolution, xxill. 742;
Erskme's defence of, viii. 530..
Paint, Luminous, XIV. 603.
Painted Bunting, bird, xvn. 534.
Painters, tist of the chief, xxi. 442.
Painters' Colic, disease, vi. 140.
Painters' -Work, in buQding, iv. 5101.
Painting, xxi. 433; xviil 137; as a
fine art, IX. 206; in relation to poetry,
XIX. 262; encaustic, VIII. 185; fresco,
IX. 769; on glass, X. 667; mural, XVl.
39; ancient classical, 11. 353, 358, 363^
366; academies of, 1. 78; Leonardo'«
treatise on, xiv. 462.
, Schools of, XXI. 433.
Paints, or Pigments, XIX. 85.
PaiSANO, bird, vi. 6S7.
Paisi, Bulgarian monk, xxil 150,
Paisiello, Giovanni, Italian musical
composer, XVIIL 140; XVIIL 99.
P.iisley, town, Scotland, xviii. 140.
Paita, or Payta, tovra, Peru, XVlll. 441.
PajaRES, pass, Spain, xxii. 293.
Pajou, Augustin, French sculptor, xviiu
141.
Pakhoi, town, China, xviii. 141.
Pakht, Eg)-ptian divinity, Vll. 71S.
I Paklat Lang, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
P A K — P A L
329
Paknam, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
-^ — Pho, river, Siam, XXI. 850.
pAK Pattan, town, India, xvi. 789.
Palacky,' Frantisek, Bohemian his-
torian, xviii. 142.
Paladin, knight, xviii. 142.
Pala d' Oro, altarpiece, St Mark's,
Venice, xxiv. 152; viil. 183.
Pal,«arctic Region, in zoology, vii.
269.
Pal^sichthyes, subclass of fishes, xii.
685.
Pal.emon, genus of crustaceans, xxi.
847.
Pal.bocrystic Sea, xix. 320, 328.
Paleography, xviii. 143; Egyptian,
XI. 794; Gr»ek, XIX. 610; Hebrew,
XI. 597; Me.\ican, XVI. 212; JIadden's
work on, XV. 176. See also Alphabet
and Inscriptions.
Palaeolithic Period, in archceolog\-,
II. 336.
Pal^ologus, Byzantine family name,
XVIIL 165.
, Andronicus II., Byzantine emperor,
II. 23.
, John v., Byzantine emperor, V. 27.
, John VI. and VII., Byzantine em-
perors, XIII. 713.
, Manuel II., Byzantine emperor,
XV. 505.
, Michael VIII., Byzantine emperor,
.\i. 120; XVI. 227.
Pal/EONEmertea, suborder of worms,
XVII. 326, 330.
Paleontology, in g^ologj', x. 319; in
relation to archoeolog}-, II. 333; of
animals, VII. 281; of birds. III. 728;
of fishes, XII. 656; mammalian, XV.
374; of American mammals, i. 6S2;
Agassiz's researches in, I. 275; LyeU's
contributions to, XV. 102.
Pal.€ORNIS, genus of birds, xviii. 321.
PAL.EOTHERIUM, genus of fossil ungu-
late mammals, XV. 429.
PALyEOTYPE, system of writing sjieech-
sounds, A. J. Ellis's, I. 608; list of
symbols, XXII. 385.
Pal/eozoic Rocks, x. 328.
Pal,ephatus, Greek writer, XVIII. 166.
PaL.epolis, ancient toT\-n, Italy, XVII.
190.
PaL/ESTRA, or Wrestling School, X. 64;
Olympian, XVII. 767.
PaL/ETYRUS, part of ancient Tyre, XXIII.
711.
Palafox y Melzi, Jose de, duke of
Saragossa, Spanish genejal, XVIII. 166.
Palagonite, rock, X. 235.
Palamau, division, India, xiv. 806.
Palamcotta, town, India, XXIII. 405.
Palamedea, genus of birds, XXI. 552.
Palamedes, romance, XX. 648.
Palamidhi, forti-ess, Nauplia, Greece,
XVII. 249.
Palamites (Hesychasts), sect of Greek
Church, XI. 7S2.
Palanpur, native state, India, xviil.
166.
Palate, i. 825, 895; yii. 223; xxiii.
79; of mammals, XV. 361.
Palatinate, The, prorince, Bavaria,
XVIII. 166; III. 453.
Palatine, Counties, in England, vi.
513-
Hill, Rome, xx. 822.
Palatines, Polish senators, XJX. 2S8.
Pal.^tine Salii, Roman priests, xv.
570.
Palawan, island, Philippines, xviii.
752-
Palazzolo, town, Italy, xviii. 167.
Pale, in heraldry, XI. 694.
P.\LEARio, Aonio, Italian humanist and
Reformer, xviii. 167.
Palembang, residency and town, Suma-
tra, XXII. 639.
Palencia, province, Spain, xviii. 168.
, town, Spain, XViil. 168; uni-
versity, XXIII. 839.
Palenque, Ruins of, Mexico, xviii.
168; L 693; II. 450.
Paleoprevesa, town, Greece, XVII.
490.
Palermo, town, Sicily, xviii. 160;
XXII. 23, 31; libraries, xiv. 530, 548;
observatory, xvii. 714; ancient silk
weaving industry, XXIII. 208.
Pales, Italian deity, xviii. 170.
Palestine, country, Western Asia,
XVIIL 170; xxiL 821; XXIII. 653;
conquest of, by the Arabs, II. 257 ;
settlement of Israelites in, XIII. 400;
in time of the crusades, vi. 627 ;
ancient agriculture of, I. 292; coins of,
XVII. 650; modern, Jews in, XIII.
686.
Palestrina (Prffineste), town, Italy,
XIX. 654.
, Giovanni Picrluigi da, Italian
musical composer, xviii. 178; xvii.
84.
Palette, Painter's, xviii. 137.
Paley, AVUliam, English theologian and
philosopher, X\1II. 181; ethics of,
VIII. 605.
Palfyn, Joan, on surgical anatomv, I.
8.5.
Palghat, town, India, xvili. 182.
Palgrave, Sir Francis, English his-
torian, XVUL 1S2; on English state
papers, XX. 313.
Palhanpoor (Palanpur), native state.
India, xvin. 166.
Pali, Buddhist language, XVIII. 183;
literature in, XViii. 184; of Ceylon,
V. 366; dictionaries of, vil. 191.
Palice of Honour, Gawain Douglas's
poem, VIL 377
Palilh, Roman festival, XVIII. 170.
Palimpsests, manuscripts, xviii. 185,
162; IV. 38; of brass, IV. 219.
Palindrojie, reversible sentence, xviii.
186.
Palingenesis, Ballanche's work on, in.
286.
Palio delle Contrade, Siencse
festival, XXII. 38.
Palisade, in fortification, ix. 422.
Palisades, The, New York, U.S.A.,
xxiii. 795.
Palissy, Bernard, French potter, xviii.
186; XIX. 629.
Palitana, state, India, xviil. 1S7.
P.4LLA, or Pallium, the pall, an ecclesi-
astical dress, xvill. 189; VI. 461, 463.
, or Pallium, Roman dress, VI. 453,
456; XXIII. 207.
, Giuoco della, Italian tennis, XXIII.
179
Palladia, wife of SalWan, xxi. 238.
PALL.A.DIO, Andrea, Italian architect,
XVIII. 187; II. 438, 440.
Palladium, or Palladion, image of
Pallas,. XVIII. 1S8; II. 831; XXIII.
583-
, metal, XIX. 189, 193; XVI. 383; as
chemical element, V. 53S; discovery
of, XXIV. 633.
Palladius, St, early missionary to
Ireland, XIII. 247.
, Rutilius Taurus^milianus, Roman
m-iter, XVIII. 188.
Patrick, bishop in Ireland, xviii.
412.
Pallantia (Palencia), ancient town,
Spain, xviii. 168.
Pallanz.4, town, Italy, xv. 198..
Pallas, asteroid, 11. So3.
, Peter Simon, Gcjman naturalist
and traveller, XVIII. iSS; on birds,
XVIII. 8.
Athene, ii. 830; owl of, xviii.
9>-
Pallas's Sand-Grouse, Irruptions of,
III. 770. See also XXI. 259.
Pall.avas, dynasty, Mysore, India, XVII.
123.
Pallavicino, Ferrante, Italian satirist,
XVIII. 188.
, Sforza, cardinal, xviii. 189.
PaLLEXE, Mount, Macedonia, XV. 138.
Palliata, section of MoUusca, xvi.
655.
, Roman comedy, VII. 411.
Palliser Shell and Shot, i. 745.
Pallium, ecclesiastical dress, xviii.
189; VI. 4O1, 463.
, ancient cloak, VL 453, 456:
XXIII. 207.
Palm, tree, xviii. 189; as garden tree,
XII. 267; stem of, IV. 104; cocoa-nut,
of Ceylon, V. 363; sugar, XXII. 628;
Indian palms, XII. 748.
, Johann, German bookseller shot
by Xapoleon, XVII. 663.
, Johannes Henricus van der, Dutch
historian, XII. 97.
Palma, island, Canaries, IV. 799.
, town, Majorca, Spain, XVIII. 191;
chwch at, II. 433.
XXV. — 42
330
P A L — P A N
Palma, Qiovane. Italian painter, xv".
192.
, Jacopo, Italian painter, xvm. 191.
, Ricardo, Peruvian \niter, xviii.
676.
Campania, town, Italy, xviii.
191.
DI MONTECHIARO, iovin, Sicily,
xvm. 191.
Palmarola, ancient Palmaria, island,
Italy, XIX. 460.
Palmary Synod, at Rome, 6th century,
xi.K. 492.
Pal.mblad, Villielm Frederik, Swedish
writer, 3^X11. 757.
Palmella, Count of, Portuguese politi-
cian, XIX. 552.
Palmer, Edward Henry, English
Orientalist, XVIII. 192.
— ■—, John, inventor of mail-coaches,
XIX. 566.
, Ray, American h}Tnn-writer, xil.
596
, Samuel, English painter, XVlll.
192.
Palmerin Romances, xx. 656.
Palmerston, town. South AustraJia,
xxii. 2S4.
, Viscount, English statesman, xvm.
193; VIII. 367.
Palmetto State (South Carolina),
U.S.A., XXII. 286.
Palmistry, method of divination, vii.
293; punishment for, xxiv. 622.
Palmitin, fatty substance, xvil. 740;
XXII. 202; xxiii. 35.
Palm-Kernel Cake, xvii. 739.
Palm Nut, xvii. 664.
Palm Oil, xvii. 744.
Palm-Oil Tree, i. 269.
Palm Sunday, xviii. 198.
Palm-Tree Wax, xxiv. 459.
Palmyra, ancient tomi, SjTia. xvill.
19S; commerce of, VI. 199.
Palmyrene Numerals, xvi.. 6...
Palni, town, India, XV. 192.
Hills, India, xv. 184, 192.
Palolo, edible annelid, 11. 71; xix.
420.
Palomino de Castro y Velasco,
Acisclo Antonio, Spanish painter and
writer, XVIII. 203.
Paxos, district, Celebes, Indian Arc'^i-
pelago, V. 290.
Palouse Country, Washington Ter-
ritory, U.S.A., XXIV. 386.
Palpa, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
Palpitation, of the heart, xi. 554.
Palsgraves, of the Rhine, xvm. 166.
Palsy, disease, xvm. 255.
Paludan-Muller, Frederik, Danish
poet, xvm. 203; VI!. 93.
Paludicella, genus of Polyzoa xix.
43°.
Paludina, genus of snails, xxil. 188.
Palus MCEOTIS, or Sea of Azoif, Russia,
m. f^ig.
Palwal, town, India, xvm. 203.
Pamakasan, town, Madura, Indian
Archipelago, XV. 193.
Pamalang, town, Java, xm. 606.
Pamali, Javanese taboo, XXIII. 17.
Pambai, river, India, xxui. 525.
Pambam, town, India, xx. 266.
Pamela, wife of Lord Edward Fitz-
gerald, IX. 271.
, Richardson's novel, xx. 543.
PamierS, town, France, XVlli. 203.
Pamir, plateau. Central Asia, 11. 686;
XVIII. 103; XXUI. 633; lake, xvm.
103.
, state, Asia, XL 823.
PamiSUS, river, Greece, XVI. 52.
Pampas, of the Argentine Republic, 11.
487.
Grass, xx. 319.
Pampeluna, or Pamplona, town, Spain,
xvm. 207.
Pampero, wind. South America, XVI.
149.
Pamphili, Giovanni Battista (Pope
Innocent X.), xm. 85.
Pamphilus, early Christian scholar,
xvm. 203.
, Greek painter, 11. 363.
Pamphlets, xviil 204 ; xvii. 413;
arrangement of, in libraries, xiv.
538.
Pamphylia, region, Asia Minor, xvm.
206; coins of, xvii. 64S.
Pamplona, town, Spain, xvm. 207
Pan, Greek god, xviii. 207.
, Egyptian divinity, VI I. 718.
, or Betel-Leaf, Indian spice, XII.
748.
Pan^tius, Stoic philosopher, Xvm.
208; XXII. 571.
Panama, tovra, Central America, xvm.
20S; isthmus, VI. 825.
Canal, iv. 794; xvm. 209; Pater-
son's project of, XVIII. 360.
Hats, xxn. 594.
Pearl Fishery, xvm. 447.
Panaria, one of the Lipari Islands,
Mediterranean Sea, xiv. 683.
PANATHEN.EA, Athenian festival, xvm.
209; xxm. 294.
Panax Ginseng, plant, x. 605.
Panay, island, Philippines, xvm. 752.
Panca Tantr.\, or Panchatantra, San-
skrit fables, vm. 837; xxi. 287.
Pancharatas, heretical sect of Brah-
mans, xxi. 291.
Panchatantra, or Five Books, San-
skrit fables, XXI. 287.
Panchavat, Indian village council, Xll.
772.
Panch Mahals, district, India, xvm.
210.
Panchpiri (Baziaars,, tribe, India, m.
459-
PanckouCKE, Charies Joseph, French
journalist, xvii. 424 ; his Encyclo-
pddie, VI!I. 202.
Pancratium, Roman athletic sport, iii.
12; X. 63.
P.\NCREAS, Anatomy of the, vii. 232;
its fimction, xvii. 674.
Pancreatic Juice, xvii. 676.
Pancreatine, ferment, ix. 96.
Pancsova, town, Hungary, xvm. 210.
Panda, carnivorous mammal, xv. 441.
Pandalus, genus of crustaceans, xxi.
846.
Pandareus, of. Greek mythology,
xxm. 48.
Pandarus, of Greek legend, xvm.
210.
Pan de Azucar, copper-mines, Uru-
guay, XXIV. 15.
Pandects, of Justiman, xm. 793; xx.
712.
Pandeglang, town, Java, xm. 606.
Pander, Christian,- his investigations
in embryology, vm. 165.
Panderpur, Or Fandharpur, to-mi,
India, xvm. 210; xxi. 832
Pandion, geuus of birds, xvm. 56.
Pandora, of Greek mytholog)', xxiv.
782.
Pandrethan,' India, Temple at, 11.
397-
Pandua, ancient town, India, X. 112,
115.
P.\nel, in architecture, II. 468.
Painting, xxm. 158.
Pane Work, in architecture, 11. 47a
Pangenesis, Darmn's hypothesis, in.
690.
Pangolin, edentate mammal, xvm.
210; XV. 388.
Panhandle, district, West Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIV. 517.
Panhormus (Palermo), ancient town,
Sicily, XVIII. 160.
PanicacEjE, group of grasses, XI. 58.
Panicum, genus of plants, XVL 321.
Panieful, Lake, on the Senegal,
Africa, XXI. 660.
Pan IN I, Sanskrit grammarian, xxi.
292.
Panionium, Panioni.\, sanctuary and
festival, Asia Minor, xm. 205.
Panip.^t, town, India, xvm. 211;
battle of (1526), I. 239; battles of
(1526, 1556, 1761), XIV. 5.
Panizzi, Sir Anthony, librarian, XVIII.
211; his correspondence with Prosper
Merimde, xvi. 38.
Panjae, or Punjab (q.v.), province,
India, XX. 106.
P.^NJAH, river, Central Asia, XVlll.
103.
Panjhir, valley, Hindu Kush, XI.
839-
Panjim (New Goa), town, India, x.
707.
PankXS, Hindu sect, m. 671.
P.\NNA, state, India, xvm. 213.
Pannemaker, Stephane, Belgian wood
engraver, vill. 438.
t' A N—e A II
331
Pannonia, ancient Roman Danubian
province, xviii. 213.
Panopolis (Ekhniin), ancient to\ra,
Egypt, VII. 794.
Panorama, pictorial representation,
XVIII. 213.
Pansy, flower, xviii. 214; xil. 258;
XXIV. 241.
PANTy€NUS, Alexandrian Clu-istian
teacher, xviii. 214
Pantagruel, of Rabelais, IX. 652; XX.
194, 196.
Pantaleon, J.acqiies (Pope Urban IV.),
XXIV. 8.
Pantaloon, of the pantomime, xviii.
215.
Pantanaw, to-n-n, Burmah, XXIII.
35°-
Pantellaria, island, Mediterranean,
xvin. 214.
Pantheisj[,xxiii. 234; of Brahmanism,
IV. 209; Pei'sian, XVIII. 65S; Spinoza's,
xxil. 404.
Pantheon, at Rome, XX. 828; archi-
tecture of, II. 416.
Pantheon, at Paris, xvill. 276.
Panther, carnivorous uianimal, Xiv.
463; XV. 435; XX. 104.
PANTiCAPyEON (Kertcli), ancient to\\Ti,
Rus-^ia, XIV. 52.
Panticosa, i«pa, Pyrenees, xvi. 433.
Pantiles, for roofing, iv. 463.
Pantin, town, France, xxi. 624.
Pantisocracy, of Coleridge and
Soiithey, VL 136; XXII. 290.
Pantograph, copying iiL-strumeiit,
XVIII. 214; XXII. 721.
Pantomime, spectacular representatiim,
XVIII. 215; III. 2S8; dances-of, vi.
800 ; anangements of theatre for,
XXIII. 226; Roman, VII. 412.
Pantuns, Jlalay iiocin?, xv. 326.
Panurge, of Rabelais, xx. 196.
PanurUS, genus of birds, XXIIL 419.
Panvel, town, India, XXIII. 221.
Panvasis, Greek poet, XVIII. 216.
Panvptil.'V, genus of birds, XXII. 761.
Paoletti, Ferdinando, Italian econo-
mist, XIX. 363.
F.\OLi, Clemcnto, Corsican pati'iot, xvill.
217.
, Pasi^nale de, Corsican patriot,
XVIII. 216; xvil. 193: BoswcU's me-
moirs of, IV. 78.
Paohno Fra, Italian -nTiter, xiii.
501.
Paolo Servita (Pietro Sarpi), Italian
divine, XXI. 311.
Paou-ting Foo, town, Chin,a, v. 633.
Papa, town, Hungary, xviii. 217.
Papacy, The, xix. 487; xx. 783, 785,
791, 805; origin of temporal power of,
IX. 531 ; increa.se of its power under
Innocent III., XIII. 83; in relation to
the Jesuits, XIII. 64S ; at Avignon,
XIII. 476.
PaP/EUS, Scytniaii deity, xxi. 576.
Papagoes, Amencan-indian tribe, xil.
833.
Papak, Persian prince, XVIII. 607.
Papal Bull, iv. 519.
Papal Documents, form of writing in,
XVIII. 156.
Papal Infallibility, Declaration of
the dogma of, XVU. 754; XIX. 158;
Leo II. on, XIV. 449.
Papal States, Italy, xxii. 460.
Papar, river. North Borneo, XXI.
123.
Paparesci, Gregory (Pope Iimocent
II.), XIII. 82.
Papa-Stour, island, Shetland, Scotland,
XVIL 846.
Papaver, genus of plants, xvii. 231;
787; XIX. 513.
Papa-Westray, island, Orkney, Sect-
land, XVII. 846.
Pape, bird, XVIL 534.
Papeete, town, Tahiti, xxiil 23.
Paper, xviii. 217; invention of, iv. 38;
by the Cliincse, v. 662 ; ancient use of,
XVIII. 144; made at Mecca (706 A.D.),
II. 265; folding of, XXII. 461; for
lithographic printing, XIV. 701 ; manu-
facture of, XVIII. 219; from esparto
gi'ass, VIIL 547; bleaching of materials,
III. 82 1 ; ruling of, XXII. 461; sizes of,
in liook printing, XXIIL 700; for
walls, IV. 512; XJIL 591; XVII. 38;
use of, in filtration, IX. 170.
Currency, American (1862),
XXIIL 77;.
Hangings, iv. 512; xvii. ^8;
Japanese, XIII. 591.
PaPER-.MILDEW, XVI. 294.
Paphlagoni.\, pro\ince, Asia Minor,
XVIII. 227; coins of, xvii. 645.
Paphos, toivns, Cj-prus, xviil 22S; vi.
748; temple of, xxiii. 167.
Papi, Lazzaro, Italian historian, xill.
514.
Papianus, T. Annius (JOlo), Roman
partisan leader, xvi. 323.
Papias, bishop of Phrygian HierapuHs,
XVIII. 228; on the Gospels, X. 815,
820; his tradition a.s to llark's Gospel,
in. 643.
Papier JIach^, pre.<sed paper pulp,
XVIII. 228.
Papillomata, warts, xviii. 378.
Papillotos, Jasmin's poems, XIII.
594.
Papin, Denis, French physicist, xviii.
228; inventor of a heat engine, xxil.
474; his improvements on the air-
pump, XIX. 246.
Papinian, Roman jurist, xviii. 229;
XIII. 792.
Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, count
of, imperialist general, xviii. 229.
Pappus of%Alexandria, Greek geometer,
XVIIL 229; on Euclid's porisms, xix.
519; his theorems in mensuration, xvi.
Papua, or New Guinea, island, xvii.
3S6; II. 687; birds of, IIL 739.
Papu.\n Languages, xviil 231, 780.
Papuans, race of people, iii. 112; xii.
S17; XVIL 387; of Polynesia, xix.
422.
Papyrotype Process, in photography,
XVIII. 833.
Papyrus, plant, xvin. 231; l 258; vil
711; use of, for writing, XVIII. 144,
162.
Rolls, iv. 37.
Para, town, BrazU, xviii. 233.
Parable, in literature, viii. 837.
Parabola, in geometry, vi. 273; x.
398; mensuration of, XVL 19; Archi-
medes on the quadrature of, ll. 381.
Paraboloid, Mensuration of the, xvi.
27.
Paracaima Mountains, British Gui-
ana, XI. 249.
Paracelsus, chemist and pathologist,
XVIII. 234; XV. 80S; on alchemy and
medicine, I. 465; on chemistry, V. 459;
his entia of disease, xviii. 361;
mysticism of, XVII. 134; on surgery,
XXIL 676.
Parachutes, in aeronautics, i. 200, 201.
Paradise, xviii. 236; i. 135; viii. 537;
Tintoretto's painting of, at Venice, xx.
610.
, in architecture, 11. 469.
, Birds of, III. 778; XV. 504.
Lost, Milton's, XVI. 336.
Regained, Milton's, xvi. 339.
Paradiso, Dante's poem.Vl. 815.
Paradoxure, carnivorous mammal,
XV. 436.
Par/Etaceni (Karategin), ancient
country, Central Asia, XIV. 4.
Paraffin, mineral oil, xviii. 237, 715,
719; XVI. 429; ozocerite, xvill. 112;
candles made from, IV. 803; cliemislry
of paraffins, V. 556.
Par.\GO\ite, mineral, XVI. 413.
ParaGUA, island, Philippines, XVIII.
752-
Paragua-ri, town, Paraguay, xviii.
244.
Paraguasu, river, Brazil, IV. 222.
Paraguay, country, South America,
XVIII. 243; Indians of, i. 702; Jesuit
mission iri, XIII. 652; under Francia,
IX. 688.
, river, South America, iv. 222;
XIX. 188.
Tea, or Mat(?, xv. 627; iv. 227.
Parahyb.^ do Norte, or Paraiba,
town, Brazil, XVlii. 245.
Parakeet, bii-d, xviii. 321.
Paralactic Acid, xiv. 197.
Parallax, in astronomy, XVIII. 245;
lunar, II. 775.
Parallelepipeds, in geometrj', x. 387.
Parallel Lives, Pliitarch's, xix. 232.
Parallelograms, Mensuration of. XVI.
15-
332
P A R — P A R
Parallel Projection, xix. 796.
Parallels, Theory ol, xvin. 254.
, Magnetic, xv. 235.
Paraloi, Athenian political party.. Six.
130.
Paralysis, disease, xvin. 255, 392.
Paramagnetic Bodies, xv. 244, 262.
Paramaribo, to^vii, Dutch Guiana,
XVIII. 257; XI. 251.
Paramatta, or Parramatta, to\\-n. New
South Wales, XVIII. ^21; observatory
at, XVII. 716.
Farameras, Spanish plateaus, xxil.
294, 296.
P.\R.\METER, of a conic section, VI. 274;
of crystals, XVI. 352.
Paramushir, island, Kuriles, XIV. 160.
Parana, river. South America, IV. 222;
xviiL 243; XIX. 1S8.
PAR.iNAHVBA, town, Brazil, XVIII. 25S;
river, IV. 222.
Parangi, disease, in Ceylon, xxiv.
73--
Parang Latok, Malay weapon, xxii.
S02.
Para-Nut Oil, xvii. 746.
PaR.\pet, in architecture, 11. 469; in
fortification, IX. 431, 425.
Paraphernalia, Wife's, in law, xil.
401.
Paraphrases, Scripture, Scottish, xn.
593-
Par.^PLEGI.a, disease, XVIII. 256.
Paras.ara, Brahman laws, xxi. 28S.
Parasira, cenus of Mollusca, xvi. 670,
675.
P.\RAS1TES, Animal, XVIII. 258; acari-
dian, II. 275; Insect, xill. 142, 148;
vegetable, xviii. 264; Schizomycetes,
XXI. 399; diseases caused by, XV.
796; XVIII. 407; XXII. 123; in man,
XXIII. 538 ; in domestic animals,
x'xili. 539; XXIV. 205.
Parasitic Dise.\ses, xviii. 269, 407.
P.\R.\siTic Monsters, xvi. 766.
PARASITIS.M, XVIII. 258.
Parasol, or Sunshade, XXIII. 722.
Parautoptic Lock, xiv. 750.
Parav-le-Monial, village, France,
XXI. 302.
Parazoa, or Spongesi XXII. 421.
P.\RCjE, the Fates, in Gieek mythology,
IX. 49.
Parcel Post, xix. 570.
Parchment, xviii. 271; xiv. 390; iv.
37; origin of the word, 'XV. 143;
ancient use of, XVIII. 144.
Pard, carnivorous mammal, Xiv. 463.
r.vRDO, Negro iir Indian half-breed,
xvil. 319.
, Felipe, Peruvian poet, xviii. 676.
, Manuel, president of Peru, xviii.
679.
Pardon, in law, xviii. 271.
Pardovan House, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, Xiv. 670.
Pardubitz, town, Bohemia, xviii. 272.
Pare, Ambroise, Frencu surgeon, XVIII.
272; XXII. 676.
Parej.\, Juan de, Spanish painter, XVIII.
Parenchyma, plant tissue, iv. 85; xii.
14.
Parenchymatous Worms, xxiii. 50.
Parental Care, in animab, xx. 410.
Parent and Child, in law, iii. 426;
Xiii. i; XXIV. 641; in Roman law,
XX. 671, 706, 713.
Parentium (Parenzo), ancient town,
Istria, XVIIL 273.
Parentucelli, Tommaso (Pope
Nicholas V.), XVII. 484.
Parenzo, town, Austria-Hungary,
XVIII. 272; basilica at, IIL 418.
Paresis, disease, xviil. 256.
Pareudiastes, genus of birds, XVI.
808.
P.\rg.\, town, Albania, Turkey, xvill.
273.
P-ARG.\NAS, Twenty-four, district, India,
XXIII. 673.
Pargetting, in architecture, 11. 469.
P.\RHELIA, or Mock-Suni>, xi. 399.
Paria, Gulf of, Trinidad, West Indies,
XXIII. 573.
Pariahs, or Out-castes, India, v. 1S9;
XV. 185.
Pari.\n Cement, xl 351.
Parian Chronicle, xviii. 273 • 11.
671.
Parian Marble, xv. 528.
Parians, Greek people, xviii. 319.
P.\ri B.\z.aar, town, Persia, xx. 285.
Parigi, country, Celebes, Indian Archi-
pelago, v. 290.
Parikia, to\\-n, Paios, Greek Archi-
pelago, xviii. 319.
Parillin, principle in sai'saparilla root,
XXL 313.
Parina-Cochas, lake, Peru, xviii.
673.
Parini, Giuseppe, Italian poet and
satirist, xviii. 273; XIII. 512.
Paris, capital of France, xvill. 274;
capitulation of (1814), IX. 617; XVII.
221; congress of (1856), vi. 271;
fortification of (1S41), IX. 621; insur-
rection of (1848), V. 259; peace of
(1763), IX. 591; peace of (1S56), xxill.
651; siegeof (1870-71), IX. 627; xviii.
294; under Colbert, IX. 575; under
Louis XV., IX. 592; under Etienne
Marcel, ix. 546; abattoirs of, l. 6;
artesian wells, II. 645; Bastille, III.
430; bourse, XXII. 557; cemeteries,
v. 331; conservatoire musicale, VI.
292; institutions for the blind. III.
830; Institut National, xiii. 160;
libraries, xiv. 524, 546 ; Louvre
picture gallery, xxi. 445; Rubens's
pictures in the Lou^Te, XXI. 43 ;
newspapers, xvil. 424; Notre Dame,
sculptures in, XXI. 562 ; national
observatory, XVII. 712; Grand Opera
House, XXIII.- 225; sculptures, XXI.
564; the Sorbonne, XXII. 275; techni-
cal schools, XXIII. 108; photographic
telescope, XXIII. 148 ; university,
XXIII. 834, 846, 850; XVII. 205;
water-supply, II. 22S.
Paris, Declaration of (1856), vii. 21.
, king of Troy, XVIII. 295.
— — , Gaston, on the Roland legend, XX.
626.
, Matthew (or Matthew of Paris),
English historian, xv. 633; Vlii. 317,
409.
et Vienne, romance, xx. 658.
Parish, administrative division, in
England, xviii. 295; VL 513; in
Scotland, xviii. 297; xxi. 536; of
United States, XXIIL 731.
Parisians, Lytton's novel, xv. 123.
Parisina, of Byron's poem, XX. 556.
Paris Sketch Book, Thackeray's,
xxiii. 214.
Parium, town, Mysia, Asia Minor, xvil.
122.
Park, Mungo, African traveller, xviii.
297; I. 246; X. 1 88; XVII. 498.
Parkar, Thar and, district, India,
XXIII. 221.
Parker, Sii- Hyde, British admiral,
XX. 398.
i , John, Lollard preacher, xiv. 811.
, John Hem-y, English archaeologist,
XVIII. 29S; on the Catacombs, v. 211.
, Matthew, archbishop of Canter-
bury, XVIII. 298.
, Theodore, American preacher and
social reformer, XVIII. 300; I. 729; his
influence on Unitarianism, xxiii. 726.
, WUliam Kitchen, da birds, xvui.
33 ; on the biogenetic law of develop-
ment, XX. 420.
Parkersburg, town. West Virginia,
U.S.A., XVIII. 301.
P.\RKES, E. A., on the physiological
action of alcohol, I. 470; on the effects
of tobacco, XXIII. 427.
, Mr, his experiments in drain-
ing, I. 330.
Parks, of the Rocky Mountain region,
U.S.A., VI. 161; XXIII. 796.
Parkyns, Mansfield, his account of
Abyssinia, I. 66.
Parliament, British, xviii. 302; ori-
gin of, viii. 297, 314; development
of, XVI. 788; origin of prorogation of,
viiL 336; Act of, L 122; bill in. III.
673; law of elections, VI II. 2; govern-
ment by, XI. 12; XIX. 141; Houses of,
VIII. 259; petition to, Xvili. 704;
powei-s of, VIII. 322; i>recedence of
members, XIX. 663 ; procediu-e in,
XVIII. 311; registration of electors for,
XX. 344; reporting debates of, XX.
404; writs for summoning, xxi v. 697;
Prynne's views on, XX. 26; English,
its contention with Charles I., v.
405; English, of 1640, XX. 121; the
P A R — P A S
333
Long, Cromwell in, VI. 598; of Oxford
(125S),' XI. 659; in France, ix. 567; of
Pai-is(i78S), IX. 596; of Provence, XIX.
878; the Irish, XIII. 266, 270; Italian,
rise of, XIII. 470, 472; of Poland, XIX.
290; Scottish, XXI. 484, 502; union of
Scottish with English, XXI. 515.
Parliament, Houses of London, xiv.
839.
Parliamentary Reform, English,
VIII. 364, 365, 367 ; Pitt's proposals
for, VIII. 359; XIX. 138; Act of 1S32,
XXI. 64; Acts of 1867-68, XVIII. 309;
Redistribution Act of 1885, XXIII.
727r
Parma, town, Italy, xviii. 314; Cor-
reggio's works at, vi. 437; library,
XIV. 530, 548; its school of painting,
XXI. 437, 443; pictures at, XXI. 447;
BciJptures in cathedral, XXI. 567.
Parmenides of Elea, Greek philo-
sopher, XVIII. 315; VIII. i; Zeno's
discussion with, XXIV. 778.
, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 206.
Parmenio, Macedonian general, XVIII.
3I7> 585 ; I- 482 ; conspiracy and
assassination of, I. 4S3.
Parmesan Cheese, v. 456; xin. 452;
XVI. 292.
Parmigiano (G.F. M. Mazzuoli), Italian
painter, XVIII. 317; XXI. 437, 443.
Parnassus, mountain, Greece, xvili.
318, Soi; III. 58.
Parnell, Henry Brook, Lord Congle-
ton, VI. 265.
, Thomas, Irish poet, XVIII. 318.
Parnians, Parthian tribe, xviii. 588.
Parnon, mountain, Greece, XIV. 193.
Parny, Evariste D. de Forges, Vicomte
de, French poet, XVIII. 318.
Paro (Paros), island, jEgean Sea, XVIII.
319-
Parochial Relief, xix. 471.
Parody, xviii. 319.
Paroijcia, town, Paros, Greek Archi-
pelago, XVIII. 319.
Paronaxia, islands, iSgean Sea, xviii.
319-
Pargpamisus, or "^Topanisus, range of
mountains, Persia, ll. 686 ; Greek
colonies in the country of the, xvill.
583.
PAROPANISAD.E, The, Parthian satrapy,
XVIII. 586, 592.
Parorius, district, Phrygia, Asia
Minor, xviii. 852.
Paros, island, .(Egean Sea, xvill. 319.
Parotitis, disease, xviL 22.
Parquetry, mosaic flooring, xviii. 320.
Parr, fish, xviii. 320; xxi. 224.
, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, viii. 337; XI. 665.
, Samuel, English scholar, XVIII.
320.
, Thomas (Old Parr), his longevity,
XIV. 858.
Parra, genvis of birds, xill. 531.
PaRRAMATTA, to-vvn, New South Wales,
XVIII. 321; observatory at, xvii. 716.
Parret, river, England, xxii. 257.
Parrhasiana, ana of Jean le Clerc, I.
785.
Parrhasius of Ephcsus, Greek painter,
XVIII. 321; II. 363; XXIV. 783.
PARRID.E, family of birds, XIII. 531.
Parrot, bird, xvin. 321 ; xiii. 825;
XV. 7, 130; XVII. 354; naturalization
of, I. 84.
Parrot-Fishes, xviii. 324.
PARRUAH(Pandua), ancient town, India,
X. 112, 115.
Parry, Sir William Edward, Arctic
navigator, xviii. 324; x. 192; Xix.
319-
Sound, district, Ontario, Canada,
XVII. 776.
Parsees, Eastern race, xvill. 325;
their religion (Parsism), XX. 360; the
book of their religion, XXIV. 775.
Parsifal, Wagner's opera, xxiv. 316.
Parsis, or Parsees (q^v.), Eastern race,
XVIII. 325.
Parsley, herb, xii. 289.
Parsnip, vegetable, 1. 369; xil. 285-
Parson, in English law, xviii. 327.
Parson-Bird, xil 139.
Parsons, Robert, English Jesuit, xvill.
327-
, William, third earl of Rosse,
astronomer, XX. 855.
Parsonstown, town, Ireland, xvni.
328-
Partabgarh, district, Oudh, India,
XVIII. 328.
, state, Rajputana, India, xvill.
328; XX. 260.
Partant pour la Syrie, French
patriotic melody, XII. 210.
Parthamaspates, Parthian king,
XVIII. 604.
Parthenius, Bithynian poet, xviii.
328-
, river, Paphlagonia, Asia Minor,
xviil 227.
Parthenogenesis, of insects, xn. 574;
XIII. 146; of plants, XX. 427.
Parthenon, temple at Athens, n. 410;
III. 5; founded by Pericles, xviii.
529; arcliitecture of, 11. 405; sculp-
tures of, IL 356; XVIII. 734.
Parthenope (Naples), ancient tovra,
Italy, XVII. 190.
Parthenopean Republic (1799), at
Naples, IX. 79.
Parthia, Kingdom of, Asia, xviii. 587,
592; capital of, VI. 677; Roman wars
with, XX. 766, 774, 777; coins of,
XVII. 659.
Parthian Language, xviii. 135.
Partholan, in Irish legend, xili. 243.
Parthyene, Parthian Kingdom, xviil.
592.
Particle, Physical, in mechanics, xv.
698, 702, 704.
PARTlCLES,Free, System of ,in mechanics,
XV. 718.
Particular Average, in insurance,
XIII. 187; III. 145.
Partinico, to-\vn, Sicily, XVIII. 328.
Partition, in law, xviii. 32S.
Partner, in law, xviii. 329.
Partnership, in law, xviii. 329; in
public companies, VI. 221.
Part Payment, in law, xvili. 440.
Partridge, bird, xviii. 332; American,
XX. 147.
Partridge's Almanac, i. 591.
Partridge-Shooting, xxl 834.
PART-SONGS, XVIL 84.
Parus, genus of birds, XXIII. 419.
Parvati, Hindu deity, Vlil. 126.
Parvice, in architecture, II. 469.
Parysatis, wife of Darius II. of Persia,
XVIIL 575.
Parzival, Wolfram's poem, x. 524;
XXIV. 632.
Pasaman, mountain, Sumatra, xxii.
638.
PasarGad.*, ancient to\ra, Persia,xviu.
5 58; destruction of, by Alexander, l.
483-
".^SCAL, Blaise, French man of science
and letters, xvill. 333; as a Christian
sceptic, XXI. 382; as satirist, xxi. 319;
on the Jesuits, XIII. 650; his influ-
ence on French literature, IX. 661; on
the etiuilibrium of fluids, XII. 435 j
on indivisibles in mathematics, xili.
6; on mathematical probability, XIX.
769. _
, Etienne, French la^vyer, xvill.
333-
, Jacaueline, Port- Royalist. XVIIL
333-
Pascal-s Theorem, in geometry, x.
397; XVIIL 338.
Pascha, or Easter, church festival. VI!.
614.
Paschal L, pope, xvin. 33S.
II., pope, XVIIL 339; XIX. 499;
XX. 79J.
Chronicles, Byzantine, iv. 614.
Controversy, vil 614.
Lamb, xviii. 343.
PASCHASiusCRadbertusXabbotof Corbie,
XX. 210.
Pasco, or Cerro de Pasco, town, Peru,
V. 347-
Pas de Calais, department. France,
XVIIL 339.
Pasek, John Chrysostoni, Polish arriter,
XIX. 302.
Paseng, Persian wild goat, X. 708.
Pashupati, town, Nepal, xvil. 342.
Pasig, river, Philippines, xv. 487.
Pasis, aboriginal tribe, India, XVIIL
72.
Pasiphae, -wife of Minos, xvi. 478.
Pasiteles, Roman sculptor, ir. 365.
Paskewitch, Ivan Fedorovitch, Ens-
sian general, XVIlI. 340; XXI. loi.
334
P A S — P A U
Paso Robles, epa, California, U.S.A.,
XVI. 436.
P.^SQUIER, :6tienne, French lawyer and
litterateur, XVIII. 340.
Pasquinade, or Pasquil, lampoon,
XVIII. 341.
Pasquin Statue, at Rome, xviii, 341.
Passagno. Italy, Tomb of Canova at, v.
26.
Passaic, river. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XVII. 396.
Passamaquoddy Bay, New Bruns-
wick, XVII. 373.
Passarowitz, Servia, Peace of (171S),
xxiii. 646.
Passau, town, Bavaria, xviii. 341.
Passavanti, Jacopo, Italian ^vriter,
XIII. 505.
Passenger-Pigeon, bird, XIX. S5.
Passer, genus of bircfe, xxil. 369.
Passerat, Jean, French poet, xvill.
342-
Passeres, group of birds, xviii. 41, 47.
Passerita, genus of snakes, xxil. 195.
Pass Examinations, viii. 7S1.
Passif.t.ora, genus of plants, xviii.
342; XI. 46.
Passionate Shepherd, Marlowe's
IjTic, XV. 5 58.
P.\SSI0NFL0\VER, plant, XVIII. 342; XI.
46; XVI. S44.
Passion-Plavs, VII. 412; of Oberam-
mergau, XVII. 703.
Passions, Stoic doctrine of tlie, viii.
5S3; XXII. 567.
Passion Week, xviii. 343; xii. 106.
Passover, Jewish festival, xviii. 343,
511; institution of tlie Eucharist at,
XIII. 668.
Passport, or Safe Conduct, xviii. 344.
Past, Psychological presentation of the,
XX. 64.
Pastassa, river, South America, vil.
646.
Paste, or Strass, in glass manufactiu-e,
X. 664.
, in pottery, XIX. 601.
Pastes, of wheat flour, Italian, xv. 125.
Pasteur, Louis, his experiments in
cattle inoculation, xvn. 59; on fer-
mentation, IX. 95; on minute organ-
isms, XXI. 400; his experiments on
rabies, XX. 202; on diseases of silk-
worm, XXII. 59.
Pastil, or Crayon, for drawing, vi. 555.
Pastile, in pyrotcchm-, xx. 136.
Pastille, perfume, xviii. 526.
Paston Letters ''1424-1506), xviii.
344-
Pastor, genus of birds, xxii. 457.
/Eternus, Vatican decree, XXIV.
112.
Pastoral, in literature, xviii. 345.
Epistles, of the New Testament,
XVIII. 348.
Letter, of a bishop, xvni. 351.
Life. 1. 414.
Pastor Fido, Guarini's drama, VIL 41S;
XL 237; xvin. 345.
Pastor of Hermas, early Christian
work, II. 197.
Pasturage, grazing, i. 370.
Pasture, under irrigation, xill. 36S;
hill, improvement of, I. 402.
, Common of, in law, VI. 209.
Pasuhahs, tribe, Sumatra, xxii. 640.
Pasupatas, Hindu sect, xxi. 291.
Pasuruan, town, Java, XIII. 606.
Pasvik Elv, river, Korv.-ay, xvii. 576.
Patagonia, region, South America,
XVIII. 352; exploration of, by Magel-
lan, XV. 19S; birds of. III. 745;
Indian tribes, J. 702; XII. S29.
P.itagonians, of Chili, V. 619.
Patah-Hotep, Egyptian prince, XXlli.
238.
Patan, tovra, Nepal, XVII. 342.
Patani, district, Malay Peninsula, XV.
322.
PataSjali, Sanskrit commentator, xxL
292.
Patapsco, river, Maryland, U.S.A., XV.
603.
Patar,., to\™, Asia Jlinoi-, XV. 93.
Patarenes, or Patarcni, Italian sect,
xviii. 354, 434; IX. 333; XXIV. 323.
Pataviuii (Padua), ancient town, Italy,
XVIII. 131.
Pate de Foie Gras, xxii. 5S9.
Patella, Anatomy of the, 1. 829.
, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 645.
Patents, xviii. 354; their origin in
monopolies, xvi. 757; laws relating to,
XVIII. 356.
Pater.^, ancient dish, XIX. iSr.
Faterculus, Marcus VeUeius, Roman
historian, XVIII. 358.
Paterfamilias, in Roman law, xx.
671, 71-.
Paterines, or Patarenes (q.v.), Italian
sect, XVIII. 354.
P.\ternity, in medical jurisprudence,
XV. 779.
Paterno, town, Sicily, xviii. 359.
Paternoster, island, Russia, xiv.
723-
P.\terson, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 359.
, James, inventor of machine netting,
XVII. 359.
, William, English financier, xviii.
359; projector of Bank of England,
III. 316.
Pathan Dynasty, in Bengal, India,
III. 569.
Pathans, tribe, India, xii. 746; xv.
1S5; XVIII. 6S4; in Afghanistan, 1.
234.
Pathology, xviii. 361 \,..idex, 407); in
relation to medicine, XV. 794; com-
parative, XXIV. 200; Cullen's classifi-
cation of, VI. 695; Morgagni's .cont-i-
butions to, XVI. 822; Rokitansky's,
XX. 624.
Patiala, state, India, xviii. 408.
Patient Gkizel, romance, xx. 659.
Patimokkha, Buddhist book, IV. 434.
Patino (Patmos), island, .digean Sea,
XVIII. 40S.
, Joseph, Spanish minister, xxil.
33S.
Patkul, John Reginald, executed by
Charles XII., v. 42a
Patmos, island, ^Egean Sea, xviii. 40S.
Patna, district, Bengal, India, xviii.
408.
, town, Bengal, India, xviii. 409;
massacre of (1763), xii. S02.
, state, Central Provinces, India,
XVIII. 409.
Patos, island. West Indies, XXIII. 573.
Patras, or Patra:, town, Greece, xvilL
409.
, Lamljert, French sculptor, xXL
564.
Patria Potestas, in Roman law, xx.
671.
P.-iTRlARCH, XVIII. 410; of Greek
Church, III. 788; XI. 154.
Patriarcha, FUmer's work, IX. 166.
Patriarchs, Testaments of tlie Twelve,
n. 180.
Patrici.\n, Roman, xviii. 411; xvii.
525; XX. 732, 736; in Roman law,
XX. 669.
P.'iTRiCK, St, ajiostlo of Ireland, xvin.
411; XIII. 248; in Scotland, XXL 474.
, St, Order of, XIV. 124.
, Simon, bishop of Ely, XVIII. 412;
hymns by, XII. 592.
Patrik Peale (G. a. Seckendorf),
German writer, XXI. 616.
PatripaSSIANISM, early Christian doc-
trine, XIII. 671; XVI. 719; XXI. 127.
Patroclus, Greek hero, i. 95.
Patronage, Church, i.'i79; in. 559;
in Scottish Church, IX. 743; XIX. 685;
XXI. 519, 536, 539.
Patron and Client, in Roman law,
XVIII. 412; XX. 669.
Patrons of Husbandry, political
Society, U.S.A., XXIII. 786.
Patronymics, family names, xvii.
169.
Patten, Margaret, her longevity, xiv.
858.
Patteson, John Coleridge, missionary
bishop of Melanesia, XVllL 414; XXIL
143.
Pattidari, land tenure, India, xvii.
573-
P.\ttinson's Process, of lend-smelting,
XIV. 377.
^atuxent, river, JIaryland, U.S.A.,
XV. 603.
.Pau, town, France, XVIIL 414.
Fauchontee, resinous substanc .-ci.
339-
Paul, St, the apostle, xviii. 415; his
E]nstles, III. 642; XVIII. 34S; his
Christology, XVIII. 747- his testimony
r A U — P E A
335
to Jesus Ckrist, XIII. 659; his relations
with the Jewish Church at Rome, XX.
728.
Paul, Apocalj'pse of, 11. 179.
I., pope, XVIII. 430.
II., pope, xviii. 430; XX. S59,
S06.
III., pope, XVIII. 430; xill. 4S2;
XIX. 504; summons the council of
Trent, xxill. 545; favours the Jesuits,
XIII. 652.
IV., pope, XVIII. 431; XIII. 4S2;
XIX. 504; his relation to council of
Trent, xxill. 547.
v., pope, XVIII. 431; XIII. 483;
XIX. 505; lays Venice under interdict,
XXIV. 146; his opposition to Father
Sarpi, XXI. 311.
, czar of Russia, XVIII. 431; xxi.
100.
, Prince Eszterhazy de Galanta,
Austrian field-marshal, Viil. 564.
, early Christian ascetic, XVI. 699.
- — , Father (Sarpi), Italian divine,
XXI. 311; XVIII. 431; XIX. 505.
, the Abbot, Syriac \vriter, xxil.
838.
of CaUinicus, Syriac -ttTiter, xxil.
834-
, the Deacon, or Paulus Diaconus,
historian, XVIII. 436; XII. 125.
of the Holy Faith (Han-Siro), a
Japanese exile, xxiv. 717.
, the Persian, Syriac \vriter, xxii.
S37-
of Samosata, bishop of Antioch,
xviii. 429; XVI. 719.
of Telia, Syriac writer, XXJI. 825.
Anthony, Prince Eszterhazy de
Galanta, Austrian diplomatist, vill.
564.
AND Virginia, Saint-Pierre's tale,
XXI. 196.
P.\ULDING, James Kirke, American
politician and writer, xvill. 432; i.
725.
Paulet, Sir Amyas, keeper of Mary,
queen of Scots, XV. 600; his relations
with Wolsey, xxiv. 634.
Paulgaut, town, India, xvill. 182.
Pauli, Reinhold, German, historian,
XVIII. 432.
, Simon, German anatomist, I. 8 11.
Paulicians, religious sect, xviii. 433;
1.454; XX. 321.
Paulinism, versus Petrinism, Baui-'s
views on, III. 449, 644.
Paulinos, St, bishop of Nola, xviii.
434-
r, early Cliristian missionary in
Northumbria, vii. 691; xvii. 569.
, Syriac writer, xxn. S2S.
Paulite, mineral, XVL 415.
Paullus, or Paulus, Lucius .lEmOius,
Roman general, xviii. 435
Paulonus, or Paulmus, Syriac writer,
XXII. 8:8.
Paulus, Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob,
German theologian, xviii. 435 ; xx.
290; on the life of Jesus, XIU. 672.
, Julius, Roman jurist, xiii. 793;
XX. 711.
, Lucius /F.mi'lius, Roman general,
XVIII. 435.
/Egineta, Byzantine physician,
XV. 804; on surgery, XXII. 675.
Diaconus, historian of the Lom-
bai'ds, xviii. 436; his HomUiarium,
XII. 125.
Paumben Passage, channel, Ceylon,
v. 359; proposed canal at, IV. 792.
Pauperism, xix. 462 ; Robert Owen
on, XVIII. 88; Rodbertus on, xx.
616.
Pauropus, genus of Myriapoda, XVII.
119.
Pausanias, Greek -svTiter, xviii. 437;
his description of Athens, III. 9; on
the Mysteries, XVII. 128.
, Spartan general, xviil. 436; XI.
100.
Pausilypus (PosUlipo), near Naples,
burial-place of Virgil, xvii. 1S8.
Pavement, xx. 584; of asphalt, 11. 716;
of encaustic tUes, viii. 1S7; Minton's,
IV. 2.83; mosaic, xvi. 850; Assyrian,
II. 398. See also Paving.
Pavia, town, Italy, XVIII. 438; as Lom-
bard capital of Italy, xiu. 467; anti-
pathy of, to Milan, XIII. 469; battle of
(1525), IX. 556; XIII. 482; bridge at,
IV. 331; Certosa of, XXI. 569; XXIII.
194; chui-ch of San Michele, 11. 435;
sculpture in, XXI. 568 ; university,
XXIII. 836.
P.wiLLiARD, Gibbon's tutor, x. 575.
Paving, in bricks and tiles, IV. 466;
XXIII. 389; in stone, IV. 473.
Tiles, xxiii. 389; iv. 466.
Pavlodar, town, Russia in Asia, XXI.
639.
Pavlograd, town, Russia, XVIII. 439.
Pavlovsk, town, Russia, XXI. 190, 194;
XXIV. 298.
Pavo, genus of birds, XVIII. 443.
Pawn, in law, xix. 220.
Pawnbroking, XIII. 188; XIX. 220.
Pawnees, American Indians, XII. 827,
832.
Pawtucket, tovm, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., xviH. 439; XX. 524.
Paxo, or Paxos, Ionian Island, Greece,
xviii. 439; xiii. 205.
Pax Rom.\na, xxiii. 591.
Paxton, Sir Joseph, English architect,
XVIII. 440.
P.\Y, in British army, il. 576; in navy,
XVII. 297.
Paye, South-American sorcerer, xv.
200.
Paver, Julius, Austrian Arctic explorer,
XIX. 323.
Paymaster, Naval, x\-ii. 394
Payment, in U\ xvii;. 4.^0.
Payne, John Howard. American poet,
1. 722.
, Roger, on bookbinding, IV. 42.
Paysandu, town, Uruguay, xviii. 441;
XXIV. 15.
Pays-Bas, or Holland (j.u.), xii. 59.
Pays d'Etats, outlying districts of
France, IX. 567.
Pays de VaUD, district, Switzerland,
XXIV. 115.
Pavta, town, Peru, xvill. 441, 674.
Pazand, Persian form of writing, xvill.
135-
Pazzi, Florentine family, xv. 78 5.
Pea. plant, XVIII. 441; XII. 285; Egyp-
tian pea, or chickpea, xi. 36.
Peaeody, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xviii. 441.
, George, American philanthropist,
XVIII. 442.
Academy, Salem, Massachusetts
U.S.A., XXI. 210.
Institute, Baltimore, U.S.A., in.
298; XV. 604.
Pe.\ce, The, Aristophanes's play, II.
509.
, International, XIII. 197.
, Justice of the, XIII. 789.
, Quarter Sessions of the, law court,
XX. 159.
OF Munster, Heist's picture, xi.
641.
Peach, tree and fruit, xviii. 442; xii.
272; peach-house, XII :;24.
Peacham, Edmund, lis trial for
treason, III. 205.
Peach-Kernel Oil, x\'ii. 744.
Peacock, bird, xviii. 443.
, George, English mathematician,
XVIII. 443.
, Thomas Love, English novelist,
XVIII. 444.
Pe.vFowl, XVIII. 443; XIX. 647.
Pea Nut, xl 221.
Pear, tree and fruit, XVIII. 445; XII.
274 ; manufacture of perry from,
XVIII. 557.
Pearl, xviii. 446; in mussels, xvii.
no; fisheries, in Arabia, II. 245; IIL
240; Ceylon fisheries, v. 364.
, river, Louisiana, U.S.A., XV. 20.
Islands, South Pacific, xxiii. 602.
Mosque, Agra, India, i. 286.
Oysters, of Ceylon, v. 364.
Pearlstone, mineral, X. 234.
Pe.^RSALL, Robert Lucas, English
musical composer, XV. 192.
Pearson, John, his experiments in
vaccination, xiri. 623.
, John, bishop of Chester, XVIII.
448.
Peasant Proprietors, i. 414.
Peasants' Revolt, in Euglaiid (1381),
XX. 541.
Peasants' W.\r, in Germany (1525;, ..
786; XV. 78; Miinzer's connexion with,
XVII. 32.
33fi
Pease, Cultivation of, i. 361.
PEASEWEEP, birtl, XIV. 30S.
Peastone, mineral, xvi. 397.
Peat, x. 238; as fuel, ix. SoS; for blast
furnaces, XIII. 292; for gas-making,
X. loi; in Ireland, xill. 217; charred.
as manure, I. 352.
■ , Sir Robert, lord prior of English
Knights iii St John, xxi. 175.
Peat-Charcoal, v. 399.
Peaucellier Cell, in mechanics, xv.
698.
Peba Armadillo, edentate mammal.
XV. 388.
Pebble, Scotch, I. 277.
Pebrine, disease of silkworm, xxii.
59-
Pecan Nut, xvii. 664.
Pec.\n-Tree, of United Statc.i XXlli.
808.
Feccarv, ungulate mammal, xviii. 449;
XV. 430; xxn. 775.
Pech, Henrietta, Bohemian noetess,
XXII. 152.
Pechaburi, to\m, Siam, xxi. 853;
river, XXI. 850.
Pechell, John, vice-chancellor of Cam-
bridge university, XVIl. 444.
Pechorsky Monastery Nijni, Russia,
XVII. 501.
Pecock, RejTiold, bishop of Chichester,
vni. 411; writer against the Lollards,
XIV. 812.
Pecora, division of Mammalia, xv. 42 1,
43°-
Pecos, river. New Mexico and Texao,
U.S.A., XVIL 400; XXIII. 203.
Pecquet, Jean, French anatomist, i.
811.
Pecs (Funfkirchen), town, Hungary, IX.
827; XXIII. 840.
Pectin, gummy principle in fruit, xiii.
564.
Pectinaria, gemis of Annelida, 11.
68.
Pectolite, mineral, xvi. 420.
PeCTOSE, principle in fruit, XIII. 564.
Peculium Castrense, in Roman law,
XX. 706, 713.
Pedal, of organ, xvii. 833, 837.
Pedalion, genus of Rotifera, XXI. 5.
Peder Paars, Holberg's epic poem,
XII. 56.
Pedersen, Christian, Danish v\Titer,
VII. 90.
Pedestrianism, III. 12, 13; XXI. 61.
Pedetes, genus of rodent mammals,
XIII. 626.
Pedicellina, genus of Polyzoa, XIX.
438.
Pediculus. geniLs of animal parasites,
XV. 24.
Pedieis, Athenian political party, xix.
130.
Pedilavium, feet-wasldng by prelates,
XV. 635.
Pedikient. in arciiitecture, 11. 469.
P E A — P E L
Pedionomus, genus of birds, XX. 147.
Pedometer, for measuring distance,
xviii. 449.
Pedro I.,-'king of Aragon, XVIII. 450;
xxiL 317; his relations ■ndth Sicily,
XXII. 28.
II., of Aragon, XVIII. 450.
III., of Aragon, xviii. 450; XXli.
322-
IV.. of Aragon, xviii. 450; XXII.
, Dom, emperor of Brazil, IV. 233.
I., king of Castile and Leon, XVUI.
150; XXII. 320.
I., king of Portugal, xviii. 451;
XIX. 543.
II., of Portugal, XIX. 549.
III., of Portugal, XIX. 550.
IV., of Portugal, XIX. 552.
v., of Portugal, XIX. 553.
Peduncles, Cerebral, xix. 37.
, of plants, IV. 121.
Peebles, county, Scotland, xviii. 451;
area and population, xxi. 528; re-
presentation, xXlll. 727; town, XVIII.
452-
"eekskill, tovTii, New 'York, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 452.
i-'EEL, to-nm. Isle of JIan, XV. 453.
, Sir Robert, father of the states-
man, XVIII. 453
— ■—, Sir Robert, British statesman,
XVIII. 452 ; VIII. 365 ; his financial
reforms, IX. 189; his Bank Act of
1844, III. 323; his Police Act, XIX.
338-
Peele, George, English pbet and drama-
tist, XVIII. 457; VII. 429; XXL 762.
Peelers, or Police, xix. 339.
Peerage, British, xviii. 41,8, 306; viii.
332; xvii. 524, 529; genealogy of, x.
145; precedence in, XIX. 661; robes
of, VI. 476.
, French, XXI. 19S.
Peeresses, English, xviii. 467.
Peers, House of, England, xvill. 310.
, Twelve, of France, XVIII. 468.
Peetweet, bird, xxi. 260.
Peewit, bird, xiv. 308.
Peganite, mineral, X^'I. 405.
Pegasus, of Greek mythologj', XVlll.
46S; an. 546.
Peggy Whitethro.\t, bird, xxiv.
553-
Pegmatite, rock, xi. 49.
Pegnitzschafer, German literary
society, X. 530, 531.
PeGOLOTTI, Francesco Balducci, on
early trade with China, V. 629.
Pegu, town, British Burmah, XVIII.
468; pagoda at, 11. 397.
Yomas, mountains, Burmah, xxill.
4S6.
Pecwell Bav, Kent, England, xx.
268.
Peg Woffington, Rcade's novel, xx.
303-
Pehlevi, or Pahlavi, language o' the
Zend Avesta, XVIII. 134, 655.
Peihai, tovm, China, xviii. 141.
Peiho, river, China, v. 632.
Peine Forte et Dure, torture, xxiii.
465.
Peipus, .ijake, Russia, XX. 35; xxi. 73.
Peirce, Benjamin, .American mathe-
matician, XVIII. 468.
Peire Vjdal, Provenfa! poet, xix.
874.
Pekalongan, to-rni, Java, xiii. 606.
Pekan, carnivorous mammal, xv. 577.
Pekea Butter, xvii. 744.
Pekea Nut, xvii. 664
Peking, or Pekin, capital of Cliina,
XVIII. 469; founding of, by Kublai
Khan, XIV. 151; formerly Cambaluc,
IV. 722; newspapers of, xvii. 432; ob-
servatory-, XVII. 716; temple of heaven
at, II. 449.
Pekoe Tea, xxiii. 99.
Pe La, Chinese insect wax, XXIV. 459.
Pelagia, St, of Antioch, xviiL 470.
PelaGIANISM, theological doctrine, XL
737; XIII. 567; XVIII. 472; XIX. 669;
Augustine's attitude towards, III. 77.
,Pelagius, early Christian teacher, xviii.
471.
I., pope, XVIII. 473; XIX. 493.
II., pope, XVIII. 473.
Pelagonia(JIoi..% 1 r), plain, Macedonia,
XV. 136.
Pelamis, genus oi ^nakes, xxil. 197.
Pelargomorpii.c, gx^-up of birds, in.
i'13-
Pelargonic Acid, xvii. 731.
Pelargonium, plant, x. 439 ; xn.
263.
Pelasgi, or Pelasgians, ancient people
of Greece and Italy, vii. 366; XI. got
xiu. 444.
Pelasgic, Pelasgian, in archseologj-,
II. 346.
Pelasgiotis, district, Thessaly, xxiii.
299.
Pelayo, Marcelino Meriendez, Spanish
writer, xxii. 362.
Peleca>[US, genus of birds, XVIII. 474.
F.'El.tE, Mont, Martinique, West Indies,
XV. 585.
Pelew Islands, 'Westem Pacific, xviii
474; V. 125; XVL 257.
Pelham, Lytton's novel, xv. 121.
, Sir Hen-y, English statesman.
XVIII. 474; MIL 355.
, Thomas, duke of Newcastle, xvii.
3S0.
Peliades, daughters of Pelias, xvnii
474-
Pelias. of Greek legeml, xviu. 474.
Pelican, bird, xviii. 474.
Island, Montgomerj-'s poem, xvi
790.
Peligni, ancient tribe, Italy, XIII. 444',
xxi. 12S.
Peuoii, mineral, xvi. 418.
P E L — P E N
337
PELION, inomitain, Thessalr, Greece,
• xX'iii. 298.
Peussier, Jean Jacques Arnable, mar-
shal o£ France, xviii. 475; in Algeria,
L 568.
Pell, Jolin, English mathematician,
xvin. 475.
Pella, town, Macedonia, xv. 137.
Pellagra, disease, xviu. 476, 407.
Pellenc, Mirabeau's secretary, XVL
497-
iPELLEW^ Edward, Viscount Exmouth,
vilL 805.
. Islands, Pacific Ocean^ xviu.474;
V. 125; XVL 257.
Pellicanus, Conrad, German theolo-
gian and scholar, xviii. 477I
Pellico, Sil^-io, Italian dramatist and
patriot, xviiL 478; IV. 399; \1L 417;
XIIL 486.
PeLloutier, Simon, historian of the
Druids, viL 478.
Pf.lomedusid.e, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIIL 457.
Pelopidas, Theban general, xvin. 479.
Pelopion, at Olympia, Greece, xvu.
768.
PELOPONNESL'kN WaR, XI. 102; XVIIL
533; Thncydides's historv of, xxiil.
325-
Peloponnesus, division of ancient
Greece, xi. 93.
Pelops, in Greek mythology, xvili.
480; xviL 731.
Peloritan MoirsTAiNS, Sicily, xkii.
29.
Pelotons, variety of mohair, xvi. 544.
Pelouze, Theophile Jules, French
chemist, xviii. 480.
Peltier, Jean Charles Athanase, French
scientist, xvilL 480.
, Jean GabrieL Mackintosh's defence
of, XV. 160.
Effect, in electricity, viii. 57;
XVIII. 481.
Peltry, furs, ix. S36.
Pelusium, ancient tovm, Egypt, XviiL
481.
Pelvic Girdle, of mammais, xv. 360.
Pelvis, in man, i. 829; of birds, in.
722.
Pemba, island. East Africa, XXIV. 768.
Pemberton, town, England, xviiL
481.
, Captain, British envoy to Bhutan,
Ttl. 632
Pembroke, county, Wales, xviii. 481;
representation, xxilL 727.
, town, Wales, xvilL 483; dockyard
of, VH. 315, 318.
College, Cambridge, iv. 731.
College, Oxford, xviii. 97.
Pemphigus, skin disease, xxii. 123.
Pen, for writing, xtiii. 483.
Pena de Francia, Sierra de, Spain,
xxi. 203.
PeSalara, mountain, Spain, xxi. 623.
25—17
Penal Laws, xxii. 469; in Ireland,
. xiii. 269.
Penalos.\, American explorer, xiv.
3>9-
Penal Servitude, xix. 752, 756.
Penance, xvin. 484
Penang, island and tomi, Malay Penin-
sula, XIX. 741; xxii. 586.
Pena Prieta, mountain, Spain, xxil.
294.
Penarth, town, Wales, xviii. 4S8.
Penas, Gulf of, Patagonia, xviii. 352.
Pen.\tes, Roman household gods, XVIII.
488. See also XIV. 313.
Penaud, on flying machine^ IX. 320,
321-
Pencil, XVIIL 4S9; ci-ayon, vl 555.
Blue, for calico-printing, xv. 690.
Pencils, of rays of light, xvii. 779, 803.
PenDjV, king of Mercia, England, xvn.
569.
Pendenis (St Ives), town, England, xxi.
172.
Pendennis, Thackeray's novel, XXIII.
215.
Pendent, in architecture, 11. 469.
Pendjakent, tofl-n, Eussiau Turkestan,
XXIV. 7S2.
Pendleburv, town, England, xxii.
775-
Pendulum, in mechanics, xv. 05,
, 7", 718, 734; »• 754, 73.=;; revohing,
XV. ,768; used for determining figui-e
of the earth, Vll. 60S; absolute unit
force determined by means of, XV. 699;
of a clock, VI. 14.
Peneius, river, Thessaly, Greece, XXIIL
298.
Penelope, wife of Ulysses, xviii. 490;
XVIL 729.
, mother of Pan, iu Greek mj-tho^
legy, XVIII. 208.
Penelopin/E, subfamily of birds, XL
232.
Penguin, biro, xvin. 491; in. 733.
Pengwerne (Shrewsbury), ancient
town, England, XXI. 845.
PENIBETIC.\, Sierra, mountains, Spain,
XXII. 294.
Penikese, marine zoology station,
U.S.A., L 277.
Peninsul.\r War, between England
and France, Vlii. 364; IX. 616; xix.
551; Castlereagh's support of, XIV.
854; Napier's History of, XVIL 186.
Penitentl\l Discipline, in ancient
church, XIL 846.
Penitentiaries, or Houses of Deten-
tion, XIX. 748.
Penitents, in the Eastern Church.
xvin. 4S6.
Penn, WUliam, English admiral, X^^II.
492.
, William, founder of Pennsylvania,
XVIIL 492, 740; his relations to Mary-
land, XV. 605; his promotion of
Quakerism, XX. 152.
Penn.a, Xlunte, mbuutain, Italy, Xin.
437-
Pennair, river, India, xvn. 123, 320.
Penn.\NT, Thomas, Welsh naturalist
and antiquary, xvin. 498; XXIS'. 806;
on birds, xvin. 7, g
Penni, Gianfrancesco, Italian jainter,'
xvin. 498.
Pexnillion Singing, vil 792.
Pennine, mineral, xvi. 414.
Alts, i. 625.
Pennons, MUitaiy, ix. 276.
Penn's\xv.\ni.\, State, U.S.A., xviu.
49S; foundingof, by Quakers, XX. 152;
Peim's settlement of, XVin. 495;
colony of, xxni. 730; newspapers,
XVIL 434; university, XVIII. 739;
-XXIII. 857.
Penny, English coin, xvn. 656.
, Captain, Arctic explorer, XIX. 32 1,
Banks, xxi. 329.
Cyclop.edia, vin. 304; xiv,-
8 56.
Postage, First proposals of, xix.'
564; Rowland HUl's institution of,
XI. 81S.
Pennyroyal, herb, xii. 289.
Penobscot, river, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
29S.
Penrith, town, England, xviii. 504.
Penrytj, town, England, VI. 427; IX^
'7-
Pensacola, town, Florida, XI.S.AJJ
xvin. 504.
Pensees, Pascal's work, xviiL 335.
Penshurst Castle, Kent, England,
xiv. 40.
Pensionary, president of states-general
of Holland, xil. 73.
Pensions, Military, of British army, II.'
578.
Pent.\gram, Use of, in magic, XV. ;
203.
PenT-^il, insectivorous mammal, XV.
402.
Pent-\mera, group of insects, vi. 129;
xni. 148.
Penta.merid.e, family of Brachiopoaa,,
IV. 195.
Pe!?tapolis, ancient district, North
Africa, VI. 750; XIV. 552.
.: , or Lesbos (j.f.), island, .^gean Seaj
XIV. 474.
Maritim.a, ancient district, Italy,
xvin. 6S4.
Pentastomides, family of Arachnida,
n. 275.
Pent.ateuch, Books of Scripture, xvin.
505; XIII. 418; composition of, in.
637; Philo on, XVIIL 762; the Samari-
tan, XXI. '245; Morin's edition of the
Samaritan, XVi. 825; Tatgums of,
XXIIL 62.
Pent.\thionic Acid, v. 507.
Pentecost, Jewish festival, xvni. 514,
511; XXIV. 555.
Pentelic Marble, xv. 528.
XXV. - 43
338
P E N — P E K
Pentelicus, Mount, Greece, ill. 59,
60.
Pentheus, king of Thebes, vil. 249.
Pentland Firth, Scotland, I v. 647;
XXIV. 541.
Pentland Hills, Scotland, vii. 656.
Pentlandite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Pentri, Samnite tribe, Italy, XXI. 248.
Pentstemon, plant, xil. 258.
Penumbra, in optics, xiv. 581.
Penyghent, mountain, England, xxiv.
746.
Penza, government, Russia, xvill. 514;
XXL 69; to\vn, XVlii. 515.
Penzance, town, England, xviiL 515.
Penzhina, Bay of. Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
Peony, or Pteony, plant, xviii. 132;
xil 257.
People's Charter, The, v. 434.
Peoria, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvm.
Pepi, Pyramid of, Egypt, XX. 123.
Pepin, or Pippin (j.f.), Carlovingian
kings, XIX. 114; IX. 530, 531.
Peplos, or Peplum, Greek article of
dress, VI. 453; for statues of deities,
XXIII. 207.
Pepper, spice, xviii. 516; adulteration
of, I. 172; -cayenne, V. 280.
and To bin, their spectral illusions,
XV. 207.
Peppermint, plant, xvin. 517; xvi.
491.
Pepper Tree, xvm. 519.
Pepsin, or Pepsine, alimentary jviioe,
IX. 96; XVII. 671.
PEPYS, Samuel, English diarist, XVIII.
519; as secretary to British Admiralty,
xvil. 282.
Pequods, American-Indian tribe, Xli.
831.
Pera, quarter of Constantinople, vi. 306.
Per^a, or GOead, district of Syria, x.
595-
Perak, district, Malay Peninsula, XXII.
587; XV. 322; river, xv. 321.
Perakim, divisions of the Mishnah,
XVI. 505.
Peralta y Barnuevo, p. de, Spanish
Peruvian writer, xvm. 675.
Perambur, suburb of Madras, India,
XV. 188.
Peramelid^, family of marsupial
mammals, xv. 381.
PERATiE, Gnostic sect, X. 703.
Peratherium, fossil opossum, xvii.
796.
Perca, genus of fishes, xvm. 521.
Perceforest, romance, xx. 648.
Perception, in psychology, xx. 51;
faculties of, XVIII. 845; Collier's theory
of, VI. 144; Deraocritus's, vn. 60;
Hamilton's, XL 418; Jacobi's, xm.
537; Kant on, xm. 851; Leibnitz on,
XIV. 421; Locke on, xiv. 75S; Stoic
theory of, XXIl. 565.
Perception, Visual, Psychical relations
of, viii. 826.
Perceval, romance, XX. 646.
, Amand Pierre Caussin de, French
Orientalist, XVUI. 521.
, Spencer, English statesman, xvm.
521; VIII. 364.
Perch, fish, xvm. 521; xii. 688;
angling for, n. 44.
Perche, district, France, XIV. 809.
Perchlorate of Potassium, xix.
591.
Percival, James Gates, American poet,
xvm. 522.
Percussion, in medicine, xv. 815.
Percy, English noble family, xvm.
522.
, Henry, first earl of Northumber-
land, XVIII. 522; XVIL 571.
, Serlo, English abbot, xvm. 552.
, Thomas, bishop of Dromore, editor
of the Percy Eeliques, XVIIL 524; m.
283.
, Thomas, Gunpowder Plot con-
spirator, IX. 58.
Percylite, mineral, XVI. 385.
PERDICCAS I.-IIL, kings of Macedon,
XV. 138; XVIIL 524.
, Macedonian general, XVIII. 524; I.
485; XV. 142; regent of Macedonian
empire, XViii. 585.
PerdiX, genus of birds, xvm. 332.
Perdu, Mont, Pyrenees, ix. 505; XII.
334; XX. 125.
Perduellio, in Roman law, xxiii.
525-
Perecop, or Perekop, isthmus, Crimea,
Russia, VI. 585.
PfeRE Duchesne (J. R. Hubert), French
Revolutionist, XI. 594.
Peregrine Falcon, ix. 2.
Peregrine Pickle, SmoUett'a novel,
XXII. 184.
Peregrin Pejetorship, in Roman
law, XX. 696.
Pereira de Mello, Antonio de Fontes,
Portuguese statesman, XIX. 554,
Perekop, town, Crimea, Russia, xvm.
524; XXIII. 83; isthmus of, VI. 585.
Pere la Chaise, cemetery, Paris, v.
31; XVIII. 284.
Perelle, dye, xiv. 559.
Perennials, Garden, xit. 249
Pereskia, genus of Cactacese, iv.
626.
Pereslavl, or Pereyaslavl, town,
Russia, XVIII. 524.
Peretti, Felice (Pope Sixtus V.), XXi;.
104.
Pereyaslaff, town, Russia, xvm. 524;
XIX. 410.
Pereyaslavl, or Pereyaslavl Zalyess-
kiy, town, Russia, XVIII. 1:24; XXIV.
271.
, Lake of, Russia, xxiv. 271.
Pereyra, or Pereyre, J. R., Jewish
philanthropist, xm. 682.
Perez, Albino, govemer of New Mexico^
U.S.A., XVII. 402.
, Antonio, Spanish diplomatist and
minister, XVIIL 525; XXII. 329, 359.
DE Guzman, Fernan, Spanish
chronicler, xxil. 354.
DE Rita, Gines, Spanish roman-
cist, XX. 659; XXIL 358.
Perfectibilists, German mystics, XM.
706.
Perfectionists, of Oneida, U.S.A., vi.
212. See also xvii. 772.
Perforating, of paper, xxil. 461.
Perfume, incense, xil. 718.
Perfumery, xvm. 525; xvii. 748;
XXIL 168.
Perga, town, Asia Minor, xvm. 207.
Pergamum, Pergamon, or Pergamus,
ancient town, Asia Minor, xvm. 527;
XV. 143 ; its relations with Rome,
xx. 751; coins of, XVII. 646; library,
XIV. 511; school of sculpture at, II.
365-
Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, Italian
musical composer, xvm. 528; xvii.
93-
Pergunnahs, or Parganahs, Twenty-
four, district, India, xxiii. 673.
Peri, Jacopo, Italian musician, xvil. 86;
XXIV. 315.
Periander, tyrant of Ambracia, xyill.
528.
, despot of Corinth, xvm. 528.
Periblem, layer in plant development,
xil 15.
Pericardium, Anatomy of the, i. 899.
Pericarditis, disease, xi. 554; xx.
S17-
PericHjETA, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
Periclase, mineral, xvi. 385.
Pericles, Athenian statesman, xviii.
529; XI. lOI.
Pericline, mineral, xvi. 419.
Periderm, layer in plant development,
XII. 17.
Peridote, precious stone, XVIII. 534;
XVI. 410.
Periegetes. Dionysius, Greek writer,
VII. 248.
PiRlER. Casimir, French politician, ix.
620.
, Madame, sister of Blaise Pascal,
xvm. 333.
PlfeRlGORD, ancient province, France,
XVIIL 534; caves of, v. 567.
P^RIGUEUX, town, France, XVIIL 534;
church of St Front at, II. 429.
Perihelion of the Earth's Orbit.
Change of, II. 795.
Perim, island, in Red Sea, II. 235; m.
179; XX. 316.
, inland, in Gulf of Cambay, India,
X. 738-
PeRINO, Mr, on anchors, IL 3.
Perino Buonaccorsi, Vaga, Italian
painter, xxiv. ^o.
^ERINTHUS, torni, Thrace, XVIII. 635.
Periodicals, xviii. 635.
Periods, or Eras, of time, iv. 68 1.
Periceci, or Perioikoi, Spartan freemen,
XI. 94; XV. 96; XXII. 370.
Periosteu.m, fibrous animal membrane,
I. S54; XXII. 6S4.
Perip.\TETICS, school of Greek philo-
sophers, XVIII. 545; II. 511.
Peripatus, genus of llyriapoda,- xvil.
116.
Periphetes, of Greek legend, xxiil.
294.
Periplus, of the Erythraean Sea, 3cvillr
569; XX. 94.
, of Hanno, boot of Carthaginian
exploration, I.' 245; X. I75; XI.
445-
, of the- Mediterranean, ancient
geographical work, XXI. 573, 578.
PeripteroS, in architecture, II. 469.
PERIPYLiE.\, order of Protozoa, XIX.
849.
Periscopic Lens, xvi. 260.
PeriSSODActvla, suborder of ungulate
mammals, xv. 422, 427.
Peristyle, in architecture, II. 469.
Peritoneum, serous membrane, in the
abdomen, VII. 224; surgical treatment
of, XXII. 690.
Peritonitis, disease, xvill. 547.
Peritricha, order of Protozoa, XIX.
861.
Periwig, or Wig, xxiv. 560.
Periwinkle, mollusc, xvi. 651 ; fishery,
IX. 265.
Perivar, river, India, xxiii. 525.
Perizonius, Anton, Dutch theologian;
Xviil. 547.
, Jacob, Dutch scholar, xviii. 547.
Perjury, in law, xvin. 548; xvii.
698.
Perkin, W. H., his experiments on dye-
stuffs, II. 48,
Perkins, Jacob, American inventor
and physicist, XVIII. 549.
Perlid^ group of insects, XIH. 152.
Perlite, rock, x. 234
Perm, government, Eussia, XVIH. fig;
XXI. 69; town, XVIIL 551.
Permanent Way, of railways, xx.
232, 240.
Permanganates, manganese salts, xv.
480.
Permian Language, Dictionary of,
VII. 188.
Pernuan Rocks, in geology, x, 351.
Permissive Bill, for prohibiting
liquor traffic, XIV. 688.
Permutations, in algebra, I. 560.
Pernahyba, or Paranahyba, town,
Brazil, xv«iL 258.
Pernambuco, town, Brazil, xviil
55'-
Pernau, town, Russia, xvui. 552.
Perne, Andrew, English divine, XVin.
552-
P E R — P E R
Pernoff (Pernau), town, Russia, XVIII.
55=-
PerodictiCUS, genus of lemurs, xiv.
443-
PeromeduS/E, order of Hydrozoa, xii.
559-
Pero.mela, order of Amphibia, i. 751.
Peronia, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 661.
PERonne, tovm, France, XVIIL 552.
Peronospora Infestans, fungus of
potato disease, XIX. 596.
Peronospora Viticola, vine fungus,
XXIV. 240.
Peronospore/E, suborder of Fungi, ix.
830; parasitic forms, XVin. 266.
P^rouse, La, Jean Francois, French
navigator, XIV. 298; X. 190.
Perovsk, town, Syr-Daria,Eu£siaiXXll.
819, S21.
Perovskite, mineral, xvi. 426.
Peroz, Sasaniau king of Persia, xviii.
611.
Perpetual Edicts, in Roman law,
xiiL 793; XIX. 655.
Perpetual Motion, xviu. 553.-
Perpetuities, in law, 11. 72.
PERPIGNAN,-to«Ti,' France, XVIIL 555;
XX. 128; XXI. 28; organ at, XVIL 837;
xmiversity of, xxill. 839.
Perrache, part of Lyons, France, xv.
no.
Perrault, Charles, French tale-writer,
XVIII. 556; XXIIL 27.
, Claude, French architect, II. 441;
XVIII. 556.
Perrenot, Antony, Cardinal Qranvella,
XI.' 52; XII. 74.
Perron, in architecture, 11. 469
Perrone, Giovanni, Italian theologian,
XVIIL 557.
Perronlan.4. anaof Ceirdinal Dnperron,
I. 784.
Perrott, Sir John,' Irish lord-deputy,
XIIL 265
Perry, beverage, xviii. 557.
, Oliver H., American naval officer,
xxiii. 760.
Persan, Madame Doublet de, French
journalist, XVII. 425.
Perseids, meteors, XVL in.
Persephone, Greek goddess ((he
Roman Proserpine), XIX. 824; XXIIL
296; mysteries of, viii. 126.
Persepolis, ancient town, Persia, xviii.
557; destruction of, by Alexander the
Great, xviii. 582 ; buildings at, 11.
400.
Perseus, of Greek fable, xviii. 560; vl
797-
, king of Macedonia, XV. 142; his
contests with Rome, XX. 753.
Persia, Ancient, xviil 561 (index,
660); conquest of, by Alexander, 1.
482; XV. 140; by the Arabs, IL 257;
conquest of Phiygia by, xviiL 851;
its in-fluence in Asia, IL 699; religion,
XXIII. 238; rule over Sidon, xviii.
339
809; relations with Sparta, XXII. 370;
wars with Greece, XI. 98, 112; under
Cyrus, VI. 752; under Darius I.-IIL,
VI. 825, 827 ; architecture, -ii. 399;
armies, IL 559; coins, xvii. 659.
Persia, Modern, xviii. 616 (index, 660);
highlands of, 11. 685 ; European
travellers in, X. 186, 188 ; carpet
weaving, v. 128; caste in, v. 192; coins
of, XVII. 660 ; Jews in, Xlll. 6S7;
literature,ix. 225; xvil.238; influence
of Persian on Ottoman literature,
xxiii. 656; opium cultivation, xvn.
791; plaglie in, XIX. 167; pottery, XIX.
619; weights and measures, XXIV; 490;
history, XVIU. 631; Shiite dynasties,
XXII. 663; warivith Russia, XXL 101;
wars -vnih Tittkey (ii;i4, 1638), XXIII.
643, 645.
Perslan Language, xviii. 653; dic-
tionaries of, VII. 190.
Persian Letters, Montesquieu's, xvi.
7«2.
Persian Literature, xvm. 655.
Persigny, Due de, French politician,
xviii. 661.
Persimmon, fruit, xviil 661.
Persis, ancient Persia, xvill. 561, 565,
'605.
PersiuS (A Persius Flaccus), ^man
satirist, XVIIL 661; xx. 7*26; XXL319;
his language and style, XIV. 337.
Personal Estate, in law, xviii. 664;
disposition of, bj will, xxiv. 571, 573;
sale of,. XXI. 207.
Personal Identity, Locke on, xiv.
760; in medical jurisprudence, xv. 778.
Personality, in psychology, xx. 83.
Personne, GiUes (Robersal), French
mathematician, xx. 601.
Persons, or Parsons, Robert, English
Jesuit, xviii. 377.
Perspective, xix. 804.
Projections, in maps, x. 202.
Perspiration, xvil 685; glands -o*, i.
899; excessive, XXil. I2o;xiiaphoretics,
vii. 167.
Persson, Goran; Swedish courtier, xxil.
74S.
Pertabgurh (Partabgarh), district,
Oudh, India, XVIII. 328.
, state, Rajputana, Indii, XVIII. 328.
Perte du Rhone, xx. 523.
Perth, county, Scotland, xviil 665;
representation, xxill. 727.
, town, Scotland, xvill. 667 ; the
Five Articles of (1618), XXI. 51a
, town, 'Western Aastralia, xvin.
668."
Perthes, family of German publishers,
XVIIL 669.
, Friedrich Christopli, German pub-
lisher and editor, XVIII. 669.
Perticari, Count Giulio, Italian writer,
XIIL 515.
Pertinax, Helvius, Roman emperor,
xviii. 669; xxi. 699.
340
P E R — P E T
Perturbations, in stilar svstoni, xi.
72.
Pertz, Georg Heinrich, German archico-
logist, XVIII. 66g.
Peru, country, South America, xvill.
669; I. 713; its revolt from Spain, I.
709; liberation of, by Bolivar, IV. 9;
forests, IX. 406; guano, XI. 233;
Indian tribes, xii. 828; libraries, xiv.
536, 551; newspapers, xvii. 437;
observatory at Lima, XVII. 716; rail-
ways, XX. 252.
, Ancient, I. 696; XVIII. 677; agri-
culture in, I. 293; monuments, II. 451;
mythology, xvii. 150; pottery, Xix.
^33; races, i. 691.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvill.
679.
, island, GUlxjrt group, Polynesia,
XIX. 426.
. , Balsam of, in. 293.
[5eRUGI.\, town, Italy, XVIII. 680; VUI.
635; church of S. Domenico, XIX.'
123; pictures, XXI. 446; university,
XXIII. 837.
I , Lake of, Italy, xill. 440.
'Perugino, Pietro, Italian painter,
XVIII. 680; IX. 773; XXI. 436;
Raphael's connexion with, XX 274.
I Peruke, wig, xxiv. 560.
Perusia, Etruscan town, Italy, viii.
635.
Peruvian Bark, v. 781; xx. 184.
PERUZZI, Baldassare, Italian architect
and painter, xviii. 6S2; XX. 836;
XXII. 44.
Pervigilium Veneris, Latin poem,
XVIII. 683.
Pesaro, toft-n, Italy, XVIII. 683.
Pescara, river, Italy, Xlll. 439.
Peschiera, town, Italy, xx. 145.
Pescium (Ipek), ancient town, Albania,
XIII. 211.
Peshawar, or Peshawur, division, dis-
trict, and town, India, xviil. 684.
Peshitt.\, or Peshito, Syriac version of
the Bible, xxil. 824; in. 647.
Peshwa, ilahratta title, India, xv.
291.
PESIKOTHOfllidrash, XVI. 286.
Pesikto P.ABBATHI, Midrash, XVI.
287.
Pesinus, or Pessinus, ancient town,
Asia Minor, XVIII. 691.
Pessimism, in philosophy, xviii. 684;
Schopenhauer's, xxi. 455.
pESSiNUS, ancieut town. Asia Minor,
XVIII. 6gi; X. 19
Pestalozzi, Johann Ilemrich, S^viss
educationist, vil. 677; XIV. 79; XXII.
798.
Pesth, town, Hungary, xvill. 691;
libraries, xiv. 547 ; picture gallery,
XXI. 446. See also Budapest.
Pestilence, or Plague, xix. 159.
Pesto, town, Italy, xvin. 132.
Pet, Arthur, Arctic explorer, XIX. 316.
PetaLISM, Syracusan institution, XXII.
814
Petalite, mineral, Xiv. 697; XVI. 416.
Petals, of plants, iv. 132.
Petau, Denys, French theologian, XVIII.
693.
Pet.^urista, genus of marsupial mam-
mals, XVIII. 728.
Petalthus, genus of marsupial mam-
mals XVIII. 729.
Petavius, Dionysius (Petau), French
theologian, XV 11 1. 693.
Petcharv, bird, xiv. 81.
Petchenegs, race of people, XIV. 60;
XXI. 16, 88; xxiH. 660.
Petchersk, monastery, at Kaeff, Russia,
XIV. 70.
Petchora, river, Russia, XVin. 549;
XXL 73.
Peten, Lake of, Guatemala, XI. 239.
Peter, St, the Apostle, xvin. 693; xix.
4874 his relations with St Paul, xviii.
418.
, Apocalypse of, 11. 179.
, Epistles 0^ XVIII. 697.
I., the Great, czar of Russia, xvin.
698 ; XXI. 97 ; his contests with Charles
XII. of Sweden, v. 421; defeat and
capture of, by the Turks, xxill. 646;
statue of, at St Petersburg, XXI. 191;
Voltaire's History of, xxiv. 292.
II., of Russia, XVIII. 699; xxi. 98.
III., of Russia, XVIII. 699; V. 233;
XXL 99.
, prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
, king of Sicily, xxil. 28.
of Blois, medifeval theologian and
moralist, xviii. 698.
of Bruis, founder of Petrobnisians,
XL 674; XXIV. 323.
of Callinicus, Syriac writer, xxil.
836.
of Castlenau, Inquisitor, I. 454.
of Covara (Nicholas V., antipope),
XIII. 7r2.
the Hermit, Crusade preacher,
XVIIL 69S; VI. 623.
of Morone, founder of the Celes-
tines, V. 291.
of Poitiei-s, scholastic philosopher,
XXI. 425.
DES Roches, bishop of Winchester,
XL 658.
Leopold, grand-duke of Tuscany,
Xlll. 485.
Martyr, Italian Reformer, xxiv.
166.
. P.uiLEY (S. G. Goodrich), American
^VTite^, X. 774.
Pindar (John Walcot), English
painter and satirist, xxiv. 628.
SCHLEMIHL, by Chamisso, v. 381.
Peterborough, town, England^ xvi.i.
699.
, town, Ontario, Canada, xvii. 775.
and Monmouth, Earl of, xviii.
700.
Peterhead, town, Scotland, xviii. 701,
Peterhof, town, Russia, xvin. 702;
XXI. 190, 194.
Peterloo Riot (1819), Manchester,
England, xv. 464.
PETERM.A.NN, A., German geographer,
XVIIL 669.
Peters, Christian A. F., on stellar paral-
lax, XVIII. 252.
, Hugh, adherent of Cromwell,)
XVIII. 702.
Petersburg, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
XVIIL 702.
Petersen, Hall grim, Icelandic poet,)
XII. £23.
, Niels Matthias, Danish historian,";
VII. 93.
Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk,'
Lockharfs work, Xiv. 763.
Peters's Comet, vi. 193.
Petersthal, spa, Germany, xvk
434-
Peterwardein, town, Hungary, xviiu
702.
Pethion, Syriac writer, xxiL 845,
Petiole, or Leaf-Stalk, of plants, iv.
112.
Potion, Alexandre, president ot Hayti,^
XL 545.
de Villeneuve, J^rSme, French
Revolutionist, xviii. 703.
Petis de la Croix, Francois, French
Orientalist, xvin. 703.
Petit, John, his justification of murder
■of duke of Orleans, x. 5 50.
AND Dulong, on radiation, XX.
216.
Petitcodiac, river. New Brunswick,
XVII. 373.
Petition, in law, xviii. 703.
, to parliament, in England, XVIII.
313-
OF Right, v. 405; vin. 345;
XVIII. 705.
Petit Journ.^l, Le, Paris newspaper,
XVII. 427.
Petit Nord, peninstila, Newfoundland,
XVIL 38?.
Petitot, Jean, French artist, Vlll.
184.
Petit-Thouars, Admiral du,Ms seizure
of Tahiti, xxiil. 24.
Petit Treaso.n, xxiii. 527.
Petofi, Alexander, Hungarian poet,
xii. 378.
Petr.\, ancient town. North Arabia,
X\'lll. 705.
Petracco, Italian jurist, father of
Petrarch, XVlll. 706.
PETRaE.\, desert, Arabia, II. 339.
Petrarch, or Petrarca, Francesco,
Italian poet, xviii. 706; Xin. 503;
his relation to the Renaissance, XX.
385; his sonnets, XXII. 262; hia
friendship for Boccaccio, III. 845; his
La'inity, Xiv. 341.
Petrel, bird, xvin. 711; ix. 817.
P E T — P H A
341
Petri, ■ Laurentius, archbishop of
Sweden, XXII. 754.
, Olaus, Swedish writer, XXil. 754.
Petrie, George, Irish antiq^uary, xvill.
712.
I^ETRINIA, district, Austria, xvi. 295.
Petrinism, versus Paulism, Baur's views
on, III. 449, 644.
Petriu, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
Petrobrusians, religious seel, XXIV.
323; XI. 674.
Petrocorii, ancient Gallic tribe, XVlll.
635-
Petrceca, genus of birds, xxiv. 537.
Petroleum, mineral oil, xviil. 712,
237; II. 715; XVI. 428; as fuel, IX.
809 J for gas-making, x. 100 ; for
st?am boilers, XXII. 500; industry, in
U.S.A., XXII I. 813; weUs at Baku,
Russia, III. 258; in Burmah, IV- 552.
Petromyzon, genus of fishes, xiv. 249.'
Petronilla, alleged daughter of St
Peter, XVIII. 694.
Petronius, Maximus IV., Roman
emperor, XV. 646.
Arbiter, Latin satirist, xvi».
720; XX. 636, 726; XXI. 319.
Petropavlovsk, lovni, Siberia, xvni.
723.
, or Petropavlovski, town, Kam-
chatka, Asia, XVIII. 723; III. 144; XIII.
832.
Petropolis, town, Brazu, xviil. 723.
Petrossa, Roumania, Plat^ found at,
XIX. 182.
Petrovitch, George, Servian leader,
VI. 755; XXI. 689.
PetrOVSK, to\vn, Russian Daghestan,
XVIII. 723.
, town, Saratoff, Russia, xviii. 723;
XXI. 305.
• , town, YaroslavL Russia. XXIV.
731-
. , convict settlement, Transbaikalia,
Russia, XVIII. 723.
'Petroz.wodsk, to^^•n, Russia, xviii.
723; xviL 764.
Petrucci, friend of Molinos, xvi.
631.
, Pandolfo, tyrant of Siena, xxil.
42.
Petrus de Ravenna, on mnemonics,
XVI. 532.
Petrus Hispanus, scholastic philo-
sopher, XXI. 430.
Petrus Siculus, historian of the Paul-
icians, xviii. 433.
Pett, Phineas, English shipbuilder,
XVII. 282.
Pettigrew, J. Bell, on modes of flight,
IX. 311.
Petty, Lord Henry, English politician,
XIX. 148.
, Sir .William, English economist,
XVIII. 724; XIX. 358; on statistics,
XXII. 462.
Petuna, town, Manchuria, xv. 466.
Petunia, plant, xii. 264.
Petuntze, mineral, XVI. 419.
Petzite, mineral, XVI. 392.
Peucetians, ancient Italian tribe, XIII.
446.
Peutinger, Conrad, German scholar,
XVIII. 724.
Pevensey, town, England, xxil. 724.
Pew, in architecture, II. 469.
Pewter, tin alloy, xviii. 725; xiv.
378.
Peyer's Patches, in the intestine,
XVII. 669.
Peyrelad^, France, Ancient remains
at, XXI. 51.
Pezza, Michele (Fra Diavolo), Italian
brigand, IX. 504.
Pfaff, Christian Heinrich, German
chemist and physicist, XVIII. 725.
, Johann Friedrich, German mathe-
matician, XVIII. 725.
, Johann Wilhelm Andreas, German
mathematician, xviil. 725.
Pfaffendorf, Germany, Battle of
(1760), III. 129.
Pfahlburger, class of German citizens,
X. 493.
Pfalz, or Palatinate, district, Germany,
XVIII. 166; III. 453.
Pfalzburg, town, German Lorraine,
XVIII. 725.
Pfefferkorn, John, suppressor of
Jewish books, XX. 490.
Pfeffers, spa, S\ritzerland, xvi. 433.
Pfeiffer, Franz, German philologist,
_xviil. 725; on the Kibelungenlied,
XVII. 476.
, Ida Laura, Austrian traveller,
XVIII. 726.
Pfister, Albrecht, early German printer,
XXIII. 684, 687.
Pforzheim, to^^•n, Baden. Germany,
XVIII. 726.
Pfundhefe, German yeast, xxiv.
734-
Phacochoerus, genus of ungulate
mammals, XXII. 774.
Phacolite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Phacusa, ancient town, Egypt, X. 789.
Ph.EDO, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 199.
PHvEDRUS, Latin fabulist, XVIII. 726.
, dialogue of Plato, xix. 201.
Ph/EODaria, order of Protozoa, xix.
850.
PH.«0PHYCEiE, s<ibclas3 of plants, xxiv.
126.
PH.E0SP0REiE, order of plants, XXIV.
126.
Phaethon, of Greek mythology, xviii.
727.
, genus of birds, XXlll. 588.
Phagmodu, Tibetan ruler, xxiil. 346.
Phalange, in Fourier's communal
system, IX. 489.
Phalangers, group of marsupial mam-
mals, XVIIL 727; III. Ill; XV. 359,
382.
Phalangidea, Phalancides, order
and family of Arachnida, II. 277, 279.
Phalangista, genus of marsupial
mammals, XVIII. 728.
Phalanx, of Greek army, 11. 561;
Macedonian, xv. 140; Roman, XX.
735-
PHALARIDE.E, group of grasses, XI. 58.
Phalaris, Greek tj-rant, in Sicily, xviil
729; XXIL 16.
, Epistles of, HI. 53; XVIIL 730;
Bentley's dissertation on. III. 579.
PHALAROPODlD.f:, family of birds, xxL
260.
Phalerum, Bay of, Athens, III. 4.
Phanariots, Greek officials at Con-
stantinople, XL 124.
Phanerogamia, subkingdom of plants,
xxiv. 13a
Phanerogams, group of plants, 111.
695; IV. 92; XX. 426; XXIV. 130.
Phansigars (Thugs), Indian assassins,
XXIII. 327.
Phantasia, Gassendi's theory of, x.
106.
Phantasmagoria, of magic lantern,
XV. 213.
Phantoms, in white magic, xv. 207.
Phaon, reputed lover of Sappho, XXI.
303-
PhaRvE, ancient town, Greece, Xlll. 826.
Pharaoh, kings of Egypt, xviii. 730;
viL 732.
Pharaoh's Castle, ruins, Morocce,
XVI. 834.
Pharaoh's Rat, ichneumon, xil. 629.
Pharisees, Jewish sect, xiii. 423; xvi.
55-
Pharmacolite, mineral, xvi. 404.
Pharmacology, branch of medicine^
XV. 796.
Pharmacopoeia, xviil 730; the
British, XV. 798 ; Aldrovandfa, I.
475-
Pharmacosiderite, mineral, xvi.
405.
Pharnabazus, satrap of Phrygia, xviii.
576.
Pharomacrus, genus of birds, xx. 179;
xxiii. 584.
Pharos, island and lighthouse, Alex-
andria, Egypt, I. 494.
Pharpar, river, Syria, I. 4; XXII. 821.
Pharsalia, Lucan's poem, XV. 36.
Pharynx, Anatomy of the, I. 837; vn.
222;. disease of, xxill. 321.
PHASCACEiE, group of mosses, XVII. 73.
PhasCOGALE, or Phascologale, genus of
marsupial mammals, "CV. 380.
PhascolarctiNjE, subfamily of mar-
supial mammals, XV. 382.
Phascolomys, genus of marsupial
mammals, xxiv. 637; XV. 383
Phascolotherium, fossil mammal,'
XV. 376.
Phascum, genus of mosses, XVII. 72.
Phaseolus, genua of plants, XII. 283.
342
P H A — P H I
Phasianus, genus of birds, xviii. 732.
Phasis, Greek colony, Black Sea, xix.
599-
Phasmid^, group of insects, XIII. 152.
Phaulcon, Constautine, Greek minister
in Siam, XXI. 854.
Phavorinus (Guarino), Italian scholar,
XI. 238.
Phazania (Fezzau), ancient country,
Africa, IX. 128.
Pheasant, bird, xvijl. 732.
Pheasant's Eye, plant, i. 163.
Pheasant-Shooting, xxi. 834.
Phedre, Racine's drama, XX. 207.
Phenacite, mineral, xvi. 411.
Phenic Acid, v. 85.
Phenicienne, dye, v. 86.
Phenol, carbolic acid, v. 85; XXIII.
57-
Phenols, series of organic alcohols, v.
563; XVIII. 238.
fHENO.MENOLOCY OF SPIRIT, Hegel's
^treatise, XI. 618.
Phenylamine (Aniline), in chemistry,
II. 47; V. 575.
i'HECN, in heitddry, XI. 703.
Phera, to^vn, island of Thera, Greece,
XXIII. 28a
PheRjI;, ancient to^vn, Greece, Xlll.
826.
I'herecrates, Greek Attic comedian,
xviii. 733.
pHERECYDES of Athens, Greek his-
torian, XVIII. 733.
of Syros, Greek philosopner, XVIII.
733-
PHiAU«, ancient bowls, XlX. 179.
Phidias, Greek sculptor and architect,
XVIII. 733, 530; II. 355.
Phigalia, ancient town, Greece, XVIII.
734-
Philadelphia (Ala-Shehr), ancient
town, Asia Minor, L 443.
— — (Kabbah), ancient town, Syria, I.
743-
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.Al, XVllI.
736; libraries of, XIV. 534, 551; news-
papers, XVII. 434; convention (1787),
XV. 182; XXIII. 748.
Philadelphus, Ptolemy, king of Egypt,
VIL 745.
Phil^ iiland, Egypt, vil. 785.
Philagathus (Pope John XVI.), xiii.
711
Philanthropy, in ethics, vill. 590; of
Quakers, XX. 151.
Philargi, Pietro (Pope Alexander V.),
I. 487.
Philaster, tragedy by Beaumont and
Fletcher, III. 47a
Philebus, dialogue of Plato, xix. 208.
Philemon, Jjlreek poet, iXViii. 741;
XXII. 20. ~
, Epistle to, XVIII. 741.
Philepicus, or Philippicus, emperor of
Constantinople, XVIII. 74S.
t'HlLEPiTTA, genus of birds, xix. 149.
Philes, Manuel, Byzantine drainafist,
XL 145.
Philet^rus, chief of Pergamuni, xv.
143; xviiL 527.
Philetas, Alexandrian poet and critic,
xviii. 742; vii. 568.
Philhet/ERUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
463.
Philhydrida, group of beetles, VI. 130.
Philibeg, or Kilt, in Scottish Highland
dress, VI. 478.
Philibert, prince of Savoy, XXL^4I.
Philidor, Francois Andre . Danican,
French chess-player, v. 601.
Philinus of Cos, Alexandrian physician,
XV. 801.
Philip, St, apostle, xvill. 742.
, the Evangelist, xvill. 742.
, the Arab, Roman emperor, XViil.
755-
, duke of Anjou, xill. 4S4.
, the Bold, duke of Burgimdy, IV.
536; IX. 548.
, the Good, duke of Bm-gundy, IV.
536; his rule in Holland, XII. 73.
I., king of France, XVIII. 743; IX.
537; hostilities with AVilliam II. of
England, xxiv. 577.
II., Augustus, of France, XVIII. 743;
IX. 540; his contentions with Richard
I. of England, .\X. 540; his improve-
ments of Paris, XVIII. 288.
III., the Rash, of France, xviil.
743; IX. 544.
IV., the Fair, of France, xvill. 743;
IX. 544; suppression of the Templars
by, XXIII. 164.
v., the Tail, of France, xviu. 743.
VI., of France, XVIII. 743; IX. 545.
II., king of Macedonia, xviii. 742;
XI. 103; XV. 138; his relations with
Persia, XVlll. 581; his contests with
Rome, XX. 751; Demosthenes's opposi-
tion to, VII. 69; Isocrates's faith in,
XIII. 389.
III.-V., kings of Macedonia,
XVIII. 742.
, False (Andrbcus), usurperof throne
of Macedon, IL 22.
— '-, duke of Orleans (1674-1723),
regent of France, XVII. 852; LX. 5S4.
(Egalit^-), duke of Orleans (1747-
1793), xviL S53; IX. 595, 598, 600,
604, 606.
I., of Savoy, xxi. 341.
I., king of Castile and Aragon
(reckoned I. of Spain), xvill. 743;
xxiL 327.
II., king of Spain, XVIII. 743; XH!.
717; XV. 594;' XXII. 329; his rule in
Holland, XIL 74; in Italy, XIIL 482;
as king of Portugal, xix. 547; his
marriage with Queen Mary of England,
viii. 339; his secretaries, Perez and
Escovedo, XVIII. 525.
III., of Spain, XVIII. 746; xxil.
330.
Philip IY., of Spam, xviii. 746; xxil.
331-
v., of Spain, XVIII. 746; xxil.
335-
, duke of Swabia, xviii. 746.
— — of Amphipolis, Greek romancist,
XX. 636.
, Herod, teti-arch of Itiu-sa. XL 755;
XIIL 426.
VAN Artevelde, Taylor's drama,
XXIII. 93.
Philifhaugh, Scotland, Battle of
(1645), XVI. 796; XVII. 371; XXI.
513-
Philipon, Charles, French caricaturist,
V. 105.
rHlLiPPA, wife of Edward III. of Eng-
land, VII. 683.
Philippeion, at Olympia, Greece, XVll.
769.
i,Philippi, ancient town, Macodoma,
XVIII. 746.
Philippians, Epistle to the, xviu. 746.
Philippics, of Cicero, v. 772; of Demo-
sthenes, /ii. 69.
pHiifippicus, emperorof Constantinople,
XVIII. 748.
Philippine Islands, AVest Pacific,-
XVIII. 748; II. 687; XII. 815; birds
of. III. 763; dictionaries of language,
vii. 191.
Philippopolis, tovm, Eastern Rou-
melia, Turkey, .xviii. 753; xxili. 318;
department, XXL 21.
Philippsburg, town, Baden, xvill.
754-
, town, St. Martin, West Indies,
XXI. 186.
Philippus, M. Julius (Philip the Arab),
Roman emperor, XVIIL 755.
SiDETES, Byzantine Chuicn his-
I torian, XXII. 238,
j Philips, Ambrose, English poet, xviil.
754, 347-
, John, English writer, XVIII. 754.
Philistia, district, Palestine, xviil.
755-
Philistines, of Scripture, xviii. 755,
174; XIII. 402; language of, XXI.
645.
Phillip, John, Scottish painter, xviii.
757-
Phillips, John, English geologist,
XVIII. 758; on amber mines, l. 659.
, Samuel, English wTiter, xviii.
759-
, Thomas, English painter, xviii.
759-
, Wendell, American orator, l. 723.
, William, English geologist, xvui.
759-
PHILLIPSITE, mineral, XVI. 422.
Philo, Jewish-Hellenist poet, XVlli:
764.
, or Philo Judaius, Jewish philo-
sopher, XVIII. 759; I. 5<x)f XV. 144;
his relation to the Gospel histories'
P H I — P H 0
343
Xin. 6i;R; on inspiration, XIII. 154;
in relation to mysticism, XVIL 130;
his infliipnre on Neoplatonism, XVII.
.134-
Philq of Byzantium, writer on me-
chanics, xvm. 764.
Byblius, grammarian and his-
torian, XVIII. 764; on Phoenicia, xvm.
802; his translation of Sanchoniathon,
VI. 447.
Philocalia, Origen's work, xvii. 840.
Philoctetes, Sophocles's drama, xxil.
273-
, Statue of, at Syracuse, 11. 351.
Philodina, genus of Rotifera, XXI. 4.
Philolaus, Pythagorean philosopher,
xvin. 764; KX. 138; on astronomy,
II- 747-
Philologi,e et Mercurii, De Nuptiis,
romance, XX. 637.
Philologia Sacra, Glassius's, x. 674.
Philology, science of language, xvm.
765; Wolf a definition of, XXI V. 62p;
in relation to anthropology, II. 117;
to ethnology, viil. 621; te mythology,
XVII. 138; Boeckh's division of, in.
851 ; comparative, of Aryan languages,
xvm. 781. See Language.
Philomela, in Greek mythology, xvii.
499-
Philometor, Demetrius III., king of
Syria, VII. 58.
, Ptolemy, king of Egypt, vii. 746.
Philopator, king of Cappadocia, v.
76.
, Antiochus, prince of Persia and
Syria, XIII. 422.
, Ptolemy, king of Egypt, vii. 746.
, Seleucus IV., king of Persia and
Syria, xvm. 589.
Philopcemen, Greek warrior, xvm.
790.
Philoprogenitiveness, in phreno-
logy, XVIH. 844.
Philopseudes, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44.
Philosopher's Stone, Search for the,
I. 463.
Philosophical Society, American,
xvm. 740.
Philosophical Transactions, of
Royal Society of London, xxi. 38.
Phil6sophumena, Hippolytus's work,
XI. 854.
Philosophy, xvm. 791; evolution in,'
VIII. 751; in relation to logic, XIV.
780; to metaphysics, XVI. 79; modern,
theism of, xxiiL 244, 249; influence
of Christianity on, v. 69S ; pagan,
influence of. on Christianity, v. 694;
of religion, xxm. 272; in relation fo
the Renaissance, XX. 3S2, 386; to
Greek sophistry, XXII. 26S; relation J
of zoology to, XXIV. 819; Arabian, II.
265; of Confucius, VI. 264; Cousin's,
VI. 524; Oudworth's, vi. 689; Des-
cartes on, VII. 119; eolectie, vii. 643;
Eleatic, XXIV. 719: Zeno's Eleatic,
XXIV. 778; Hamiltonian, XL 417;
Hegelian, XI. 61S; Hindu, XXL 2S9;
XXIV. 117; Kantian, XIII. 847; Leib-
niti's contributions to, xiv. 420 ;
Locke's contributions to, xiv. 755;
Mohammedan, xvi. 596; Neoplaton-
ism, XVII. 332; Plato on, xix. 206;
Positive, or Comte's, vi. 234; Pytha-
gorean, XX. 138; Reid's, XX. 351; scep-
tical, XXL 378; Schelling's, xxi. 391;
Schleiermacher's, XXL411; scholastic,
XXL 418; Schopenhauer's, xxi. 456;
Socrates's relations to, xxil. 236 ;
Spinoza's, xxil. 404; Dugald Stewart's
contributions to, XXII. 547 ; Stoic,
XXIL 562 ; 'Wolffian, xxi v. 632;
Brucker's critical history of, IV. 395;
Lewes's history of, XI V. 491.
Philosophy of the Human Mind,
Thomas Brown's, iv. 387.
Philosophy of the Inductive Sci-
ences, Whewell's, xxiv. 539.
Philostorgius, church historian, xxii.
238.
Philostratus, Greek sophist, xviil.
796; on legends of Troy, XX. 637.
Philotas, put to death by Alexander,
1. 483.
PhiloxenuS, Greek poet, XVIII. 797.
of Hierapolis, Syriac writer, XXII.
831.
of Mabbogh, Syriac writer, XXII.
825, 831.
Phineus, in Greek mythology, XI.
491.
Phintias (Alicata), ancient town, Sicily,
L 574.
Phipps, Captain, Arctic explorer, x. 190;
XIX. 319.
, Constantine Henry, marquis of
Normanby, xvii. 538.
Phitsalok, ancient Siamese capital,
XXI. 854.
Phiva (Thebes), town, Greece, xxill.
229.
Phlebitis, disease, xxii. 684.
Phlegmon, disease, xvm. 398.
Phlegon oftTi^Ues, Greek chronicler,
xviii. 798.
PhlipoN, Manon Jeanne (Madame
Roland), xx. 624.
Phloem, or Bast, in vegetable histology,
XH. 18.
Phlogiston, Doctrine of, in chemistry,
v. 460.
Phlogopite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Phlox, garden plant, xvi 11. 798; xn.
258.
Phoca, genus of carnivorous mammals,
XV. 443; XXI. 580.
Phocea, town, Asia Minor, xvm.
79S.
Phoc^na, genus of cetacean mammals,
XV. 398: XIX. 521
Phocas, emperor of the East, xviii.
799. 614-
Phocas, Nicephorus 11., emperor of
Constantinople, xvii. 482.
PHOCID.E, family of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 443.
Phocion, Athenian statesman, xvm.
799-
Phocis, district, Greece,XVlll. 801; coma
of, xvii. 642.
Phcebias (Reggio di Calabria), Greek
colony, Italy, :xx. 341.
Phceeus (Apollo), ia Greek mythology,
>rvnL 801; IL 185.
, Gaston, viscount of Beam, xviii.
415-
Phcenice, Roman divisions of Syria,
XXII. 823.
Phcenicia, region, Syria, XViiL 801 ;
coins of, XVII. 649; glass-making, x.
647; pottery, XIX. 605.
Phcenician Alphabet, i. 607.
Phcenician Language, xxi. 641, 646;
inscriptions in, Xlii. 116; dictionary
of, VII. 189.
Phoenician Numerals, xvii. 625.
Phcen!CIAns, Asiatic people, xxil 822;
x;. 90; their relations with the Phili-
stines, xvm. 757 ; founders of Carth-
age, V. 160; remains of, in Malta, xv.
341; astronomy of, 11. 745; aarly com-
merce, VI. 197; geography in time of,
X. 175; language of, XXI. 641; ships
of, XXI. 805.
Phcenico-Chroite, mineral, xvi.
403.
Phcenicopterus, genus of birds, ix.
286.
PhcenisSjE, Euripides's drama, viii.
677.
, Phrj-nichus's drama, xvm. 854.
Phcenix, legendary bird, xvm. 810.
, penus of palms, xvm. 190.
Conspiracy, Ireland, xm. 271.
Park, Dublin, vii. 500.
Phcenixville, to^-n, Pennsylvania?
U.S.A., xvm. Si I.
Phonautooraph, acoustic instrument,
L 1 10; for deaf-mutes, vil. 9.
Phonetics, science of speech sounds,
xvm. 811, 770, 782; XXIL 381.
Phonetism, in language, l. 602.
Phonograph, Telephonic, xxiii. 130,
134-
Phonography, shorthand writing, xxi.
834-
Phonolite, rock, X. 234.
Phonology, in grammar, xi. 37.
Phonotypy, xvm. 812.
Phonygama, genus of birds, XV. 505.
Phora, ancient town, Patmos, Greek
Archipelago, xvm. 408.
Phorminx, Greek lyre, xv. 114.
Phormio, Terence's play, xxm. 187.
Phormium, vegetable fibre, xviii.
812.
Phoronis, genus of Polyzoa, xix. 433,
434-
Phorus, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 650.
344
P H O — P I A
Phosgene, in chamistfv, v. 87; xvii.
6j.
Phosgenes, luminoiia impressions, viii.
822.
Phosphates, chemical salts, xviii. 818;
V. 517, 518; deposits of, at Charleston,
U.S.A., V. 428; of lime, as manures,
I. 348; XV. 509.
Phosph.\tic Glasses, for telescopes,
XXIII. 143.
Phosphide of Calcium, xviil 817.
PhosphIne, in chemistry, v. 516;
XVIII. 817.
Phospho Guano, xl 234; xv. 512.
Phosphor-Bronze, xviii. 817; wire
of, XXIV. 615.
Phosphorescence, xviii. 813 ; xiv.
603; of annelids, n. 71; in crystals,
XVL 375; in Protozoa, xix. 861; of
the sea, vi. 664.
Phosphoric Acid, as manure, xv.
508.
Phosphorists, school of Swedish litera-
ture, XXII. 757.
Phosphorite, mineral, xviii. 818.
Phosphorochalcite, mineral, xvi.
406.
Phosphoroscope, optical instrument,
XIV. 603.
Phosphorus, chemical element, xviii.
815; V. 315; as fuel, IX. 809; in
iron smelting, XIIL 296; in match
manufacture, XV. 625; as plant food,
XIX. 49; as a poison, xix. 27S; its
presence in steel, XIII. 283.
Photius, patriarch of Constantinople,
XVIII. 8ig; as lexicographer, xi. 146;
on Greek romance, XX. 634; opposed
by Pope Nicholas I., XVII. 483.
Photodilus, section of owls, xviii. 09.
PHOTO-ENGR.WING, XVIII. 834.
Photographic Printing, xviii. 830.
Photography, XVIIL 821; Daguerre's
invention of, VI. 761; Niepce's inven-
tions in, XVII. 495; applied to astro-
nomy, 11. 7S9, 802; XVIIL248; XXIII.
142, 14S, 153; use of, in mapping, xxil.
714, 716.
Photo-Gr avure, process of map-print-
ing, XXII. 717.
I'HOTO-LITHOGRA'PHY, XIV. 699; XVIIL
833-
Photometry, Celestial, xviii. 840;
XIV. 583; XXIV. 423.
Photophone, telephone, xxiii. 130.
Photo-Reliefs, xviii. 534.
Photosphere, of the sun, xxil 645.
Phoxichilus, genus of Arachnida, II.
277-
Phoxinus, genus of fishes, xvi. 477.
Phraaspa, Armenia, Siege of (36 B.C.),
XVIII. 598.
Phraates I., Parthian king, xviii.
590.
II., Parthian king, xviii. 594.
III., Parthian king, xviii. 595.
IV., Parthian king, XVlll. 598.
Phraates V., Paithian king, xviii.
600.
Phrabat, mountain, Siam, XXL 851.
Phrantzes, Georgius, Byzantine his-
torian, IV. 614.
Phraortes, Median king, xviil 562.
, Median rebel, xvill. 569.
Phraseograms, in shorthand. XXl.
839.
Phr.^tria, division of tribe, at Athens,
VIII. 620.
Phrenology, xviii. 842 ; Combe's
essays on, vi. 179; Gall's researches in,
y-37-
Phreno-Typing, mnemonic system,
XVL 533..
Phriapatius, Parthian king, xviii.
590.
Phrygia, country, Asia Minor, XVlil.
849; coins of, XVII. 648.
Phrygian Mysteries, xvii. 126.
Phryne, Greek courtesan, xviil 853;
II. 169.
Phrynichus, Athenian general, Xviil.
854.
, Athenian tragic poet, XViil. 854.
■ , poet of Old Attic Comedy, xvill.
854-,
Arabius, Bithynian grammarian,
XVIIL 854.
Phrvnides, family of Arachnida, 11.
289.
Phrynosoma, genus of lizards, xiv,
736.
Phtha, Egyptian divinity, vil. 717.
Phthalic Acid, xviil 855.
Phthiotis, district, Thessaly, XXIIl.
299.
PhthiriaSIS, disease, XV. 24; XXIL
123-
Phthisis, disease, xvin. 855, 405.
Phu-Thtja-Thien, or Phu-tua-tien
(Hu^), town, Aijam, VI. 96; Xll. 333.
Phycoerythin, colouring matter in
plants, XIX. 52.
Phycomycetes, order of Fungi, IX.
830; XXIV. 127.
PhycoxantHiN, colouring matter in
plants, XIX. 52.
Phylactery, Jewish prayer-thong, xix-
l; I. 781; III. 193.
Phylactolsma, order of Polyzoa, xix.
436.
Phyllidiobranchia, suborder of Mol-
lusca, XVI. 645, 655.
Phyllirhoe, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
634, 656.
Phyllocactus, group of Cacfaceie, IV.
626.
PhyLLOPTERYX, genus of fishes, XI.
852; XXL 579.
Phyllorhin.\, genus of bats, xv. 412.
PhyLloscopus, genus of birds, xxiv.
688.
Phyllosticta, vine fungus, xxiv. 24a
PHYLLOSTOMID.E, family of chiropter-
0U3 mammals, XV, 414.
PhyllotaxiSj^ arrangement of leaves,
in plants, iv. 1 1 5.
Phylloxera, vine parasite, xxiv. 238
604; XIX. 537.
Phylogeny, ancestral development, II.
49; HI. 690.
Physalospora, grape fungus, xxiv.
240.
Physeter, genus of cetacean mammals,
XV. 396; xxiv. 525.
Physical Constants, xxiv. 479, 480.
Physical Geography, x. 210.
Physical-Medical School, xv. 810.
Physical Sciences, xix. i.
Physicians, Royal College of, London,
XIV. 652.
Physic Nut, xvii. 664, 665.
Physics, xijc i; of Aristotle, 11. 520;
Epicurean theory of, VIII. 474; Kant's
works on, XIII. 847; Stoic docti'ine
of, XXIL 563; physical societies, XXII.
225.
Physiocrats, French school 6f econo-
mists, xix. 359; XX. 176.
Physiognomy, xix. 3 ; Lavater on,
XIV. 351.
Physiography, in geology, x. 370.
Physiological Selection, Romanes's
theory, XXIV. 82.
Physiologus, mediteval collection of
allegories, XIX. 6.
PHYSIOLOGY', XIX. 8 (index, 63); in.
6S4; xviL 667; scope of. the science,
XXIV. 8d6; in relation to medicine,
XV. 794; to morphology, XVL 845; to
phrenology, XVIII. 847; to psychology,
XX. 37; to zoological study, XXIV.
814; vegetable, xix. 43; EmpedocWs
theory of, VIII. 179; contributions to
the science by Brodie, IV. 358; by
Andrew Combe, VI. 179; by Johannes
Miiller, XVll. 17; by Schwann, XXI.
460; by SpaUanzani, xxii. 367 ; by
Wagner, XXIV. 313.
Physostigmine, vegetable alkaloid, iv.
650.
Phvsostomi, order of fishes, XII. 692.
PhytelephaS, genus of plants XIIL
524; XVIIL 190.
PhytomASTIOODA, group of Protozoa,
XIX. S57.
Phytophaga, section of beetles, VI.
134.
Piacenza, town, Italy, Xix. 64; uni-
versity of, XXIIL 836.
PucuLAR Sacrifices, xxi. 136.
PlAGNONi.-Florentine faction, XXI .337.
PlA Mater, Anatomy of the, L 865.
.Pianoforte, musical instrument, xix.
64; invention and introduction "flf,
XVII. 94.
Pianosa, island, Italy, xill. 44C1
PiARlSTS, Roman Catholic brotherhood,
XIX. 78.
Piatra, town, Roumania, xix. 78.
Piazza Armerina, town, Sicily, Xtx.
79-
P I A — P I L
345
PlAZZI, Giuseppe, Italian astronomer,
II. 758.
Pica, genus of birds, XV. 284.
Pic.ACHO DE LA Sierra, mountain,
Venezuela, XXIV. 139.
PlCARB, Jean, French astronomer, 11.
755 ; his measurement of arc of the
meridian, VII. 597.
PiCARDS (Beghards, q.v.), religious sect,
in Bohemia, I. 140.
PiCARDV, province, France, XIX. 79.
PICARI.E, group of birds, XVlll. 47.
Piccadilly, London, xiv. 847.
PiCCi, Gio Antonio, Sienese historian,
xxn. 43.
PicciNi, Niccola, Italian musical com-
poser, XIX. 79; XVII. 95.
Piccolo, flute, ix. 350.
PiccoLOMiNi, jEneas Sylvius (Pope Pius
II.), XIX. 152; xxiir4i, 43.
PlccoLPASSO, Cipriano, on majolica
ware, Xix. 625.
PiCEA, genus of trees, IX. 224.
PiCENTES, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128; xxiii. 723.
PlCENUM, ancient district, Italy, XIU.
444, 447-
PiCHEGRU, Charles, French general,
XIX. 79; IX. 606; in. 130; his invasion
of Holland, XII. 82.
PiCHiciAGO, edentate mammal, v. 676;
XV. 387.
PiCHiNCHA, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645; XX. 189.
Pick, mining implement, xvi. 444.
, Edward, on mnemonics, XVI. 533.
Pickerel, fish, xix. 89.
Pickering, Prof., his method of stellar
photometry, xViii. 841.
Castle, Yorkshire, England, XXIV.
749-
Pickles, xix. 80.
Pickwick Papers, Dickens's novel,
VII. 175.
Pico, island, Azores, iii. 172.
, mountain, Vermont, U.S.A., XXIII.
792.
, Giovanni, of Mii'audola, Italian
philosopher, XIX. 80.
PlCOTEE, plant, XII. 254; XIX. 106.
PiCOTKE, mineral, XVi. 386.
PlCRf'^XA, genus of plants, XX. 160.
Picric Acid, v. 85; viii. 808.
Picrolite, mineral, xvi. 414.
PiCROPHYLL, mineral, XVI. 414.
PICROSMINE, mineral, XVL 414.
PiCTET, Raoul, his liquefaction of gases,
XIX. 245; his apparatus, Xll. 434
PiCTON, Sir Thomas, British general,
XIX. 81.
PiCTONES, tribe of ancient France, XIX.
282.
PiCTOR, Q. Fabius, Roman historian,
VII!. 836; XIV. 728.
PlCTOU, town. Nova Scotia, xvil. 603;
island, XVII. 601.
PiCTS, ancient people, Scotland, iv. 353,
663; VIII. 265; XXL 473, 476; of
Irish legend, XIII. 244.
PiCTs' Houses, ii. 339; in Orkney and
Shetland, n. 384; XVll. 848.
Picture-Frame Making, v. 17a
Picture Galleries, of Europe, xxi.
444. '
Picture-writing, vii. 447; Mexican,
XVI. 212.
PiCULETS, group of birds, XXIV. 652.
Picus, genus of birds, xxiv. 651; III.
716; in Roman mythology, XV. 570.
PlDHAVRO, town, Greece, VIII. 476.
Piduru Talagala, mountain, Ceylon,
V. 359-
Pie, or Magpie, bird, XV. 284; xili.
610.
Piedmont, region. North Italy, xix.
8t ; dialect of, XIIL 493; under
Cavour, v. 275.
- , Hquss of Italian dynasty, XIIL
483.
, Kingdom of, Italy, XIII. 486.
Piedmontite, mineral, XVI. 409.
Piedmont Plateau, North Carolina
andVirguiia,U.S.A., XVII. 559; xxiv.
256.
Piepowder Courts, i^ngland, viii.
849.
Pier, Harbour, xi. 455, 465.
Pierce, Franklin, president of the
United States, XIX. 81; XXIIL 770.
Plowman's Crede, anonymous
poem, XIV. 285.
Pieria, district, Macedonia, XV. 137.
PlERO DE' Franceschi, Italian painter,
XIX. 82; XXI. 435.
Pierpoint, John, American poet, I. 722.
Pierre de Provence et la Belle
Maguelonne, romance, XX. 658.
Pierres Perdues, in harbours, xi.
464.
Pierson, Abraham, one of the founders
of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A, xvii.
371-
Piers the Plowman, Vision of William
concerning, Le.ngland's poem, xiv.
285, 811; XXI. 319, 740; lines from,
quoted, I. 586.
Pi£t£, Mont de, national pawnbroking
establishment, Paris, XVHI. 283.
PlETER BOTTE, mountain, Mauritius,
XV. 639.
Pietermaritzburg, to\vn, Natal, i.
270; XVII. 240.
Pietism, Gorman religious movement,
XIX. 83; IX. 702; X. 532; XX. 289;
XXII. 392; influence of, V. 695; in
Halle university, XXIII. 847.
Pietra Dura, variety of mosaic, xill.
81.
PiETRO, Giovanni di (Lo SpagnaX
Italian painter, XXII. 292.
DE' Franceschi, Italian painter,
XIX. 82; XXI. 435.
Imperiola, prefect of Rome, XX.
789.
PlETROSS, mountain, Transylvania,
XXIIL 521.
PiETROZZA, mountain, Austria, III. 1 16.
Piezometer, for measuring compression
of liquids, XV. 745; xviii. 549; XXIII.
292.
Pig, XXII. 773; diseases of the, xxiv.
205, 206; as an unclean animal, xxiIi.
18.
Pig ALLE, Jean Baptiste, French sculptor,
XIX. 84.
Pigault-Lebrun, Charles Antoine
Guillaume, French novelist, XIX. 84.
Pigeon, bird, xix. 84, 647; vii. 379;
peculiarities in breeds of, iv. 246, 247;
carrier, vii. 379.
English, jargon spoken by China-
men, V. 38.
Island, West Indies, xxi. 186.
Pigeon-Post, xix. 581.
Pigeon-Shooting, xxi. 833.
PlG-lRON, XIIL 306; qualities of, XIIL
284.
Pigments, xix. 85 ; in ammai tissues,
I. 851; in plants, xix. 52; in fungi,
IX. 828; from lichens, XIV. 559; of
copper, VI. 351; colours from mixture
of, XIV. 600; for pottery, XIX. 643; for
water-colour painting, XVIII. 139.
Pignatelli, Antonio (Pope Innocent
XII.), XIIL 85.
Pigneaux de Betaine, bishop in
Tong-King, xxiii. 440.
PiGNORis Capio, in Rc.man law, XX.
685.
PiGOT, Thomas, English musician, XVII.
89.
PiGOTT's Comet, vi. 192.
PiG-R.'iT, rodent mammal, XVIL 5.
Pig-Sticking, sport, XII. 396.
Pigtail Tob.-vcco, xxiii. 426.
PlH-TUN-TSZE, porcelain eartli, XIV. 90.
Pike, fish, XIX. 88; XII. 693; parasite
in, XXIII. 540; angling for, II. 44.
, William, on steam cultivation, I.
317-
, Zebulon M., explorer of New
Mexico, XVII. 401.
Pike-Perch, fish, xix. 89.
Pike's Peak, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
XXIIL 796.
Pilar, ViUa. to%vn, Paraguay, xviii.
244.
Pilaster, in arcnitecture, 11. 469;
Egyptian, IL 391;
Pilate, Pontius, Roman governor ef
Judaea, xix. 89; xill. 668.
PiLATRE DE RoziER, Francois, aero-
naut, L 188, 191.
Pilchard, fish, xix. 90; xii. 694;
fisheries, VL 426; IX. 253, 254.
PiLCOMAYO, river. South America, XIX.
188.
Pile, in heraldry, Xi. 696.
Fabrics, cloth, xxiv. 467.
Piles, in. bridge-building, iv. 327.
, disease, XI. 366; xxil. 684.
\XV. -44
346
P I L — P I R
Pilgrimage, xix. 90; vi. 622; peni-
tential, XVIII. 484 ; to Mecca, XV.
67a
OF Grace, England, viii. 336.
Pilgrim Fathers, xii. 726; xv. 615;
xxiii. 729.
Pilgrims, in Middle Ages, xix. 95.
OF THE Rhine, Lytton's novel,
XV. 122.
Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's work,
IV. 529.
PiuCA, river, Poland, xix. 307; XX.
218.
PiLlDiUM, larva of nemertine worm,
XVII. 331.
Pillar, in architecture, 11. 469; strength
of pillars, »v. 32 1 .
PiLLAR-HRiiMlTS, early Christian
ascetics, xvi. 701.
Pillars of Hercules, x. 585; xxii.
304-
PlLLAU, town, Prussia, XIV. 139.
Pill Beetles, vi. 131.
PlLLERSDORF, Baron, Austrian minister,
in. J 36.
Pillory, mode of punishment, xix.
95-
AND Tumbrell (or Tumbril),
Cinque Port right, v. 787; Statute of,
I. 167.
Pillow Lace, xiv. 183, 187.
PiLMOOR, Joseph, American Methodist,
XVL 191.
PiLNiTZ Conventions, ix. 602.
Pilocereus, group of Cactacese, IV.
626. _
Pilolite, mineral, XVI. 418.
Pilon, Germain, French sculptor, XXI.
563-
Pilot, his legal position, xix. 96; xvii.
279.
Pjlot-Fish, xix. 96.
Pilot Whale, cetacean mammal, xv.
399; XXIV. 525.
PiLPAV (Bidpai), Hindu fabulist, III.
666; his fables, Viii. 837.
PiLSEN, town, Bohemia, XIX. 97.
PiLUM, Roman weapon, II. 554.
PiMAS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 833.
Pimelite, mineral, XVI. 414.
PiMENTEL, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
PlMJlNTO, spice, XIX. 97; XVIIL 517.
Pin, xix. 97.
PiNACOiD, form of crystal, xvi. 358,
360.
Pinakothek, art-gallery, at Munich,
Bavaria, xvii. 25.
PiNARA, town, Asia. Minor, XV. 93.
Pinaster, tree, xix. 104.
PiNAX, Greek fictile vessel, XIX. 611.
Pincers, tool, xi. 439.
Pinchbeck, alloy of copper and zinc, l.
588.
PiNCKNEY, Charles, American statesman,
xxiii. 790.
, Charles Cotesworth, American
statesman, xxiii. 790.
PIN50N, or Pinzou (q.v.), Vincent Yaiiez,
discoverer of Brazil, XIX. 1 10; iv. 227.
PiNDAR, Greek poet, XIX. 98; xi. 139;
his odes, XIX. 270; his house spared by
Alexander, I. 481; Boeckh's edition of,
m. 851.
, Peter (John Walcot), English sat-
irist, XXIV. 628.
PiNDAREES, Pindaris, or Pindharis,
race of people, India, Xll. 805; xv. ■
346.
PiNDUS, mountain chain, Greece, XL
81; XXIII. 298.
Pine, tree, xix. 102; culture of, 11. 316,
319; pines of the Alps, i. 632; of
California, IV. 704; of U.S.A., XXlii.
808; strength of wood, xxil. 603.
, John, his engraved edition of
Horace, in. 652.
Pine-Apple, plant and fruit, xix. 106;
xii. 274.
Pine-Bender (Sinis), of Greek legend,
XXIII. 294.
Pine Grosbeak, bird, xi. 209.
PiNEL, Philippe, French physician, XIX.
106.
Pine Mountain, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XIV. 41.
Pine Nut, xvii. 665.
Pine Oils, xvii. 744, 746.
PlneROLO, town, Italy, XIX. 106.
Pinery, in horticulture, xii. 223.
Pines, Isle of, New Caledonia, xvii.
376.'
Pine Saw-Fly, insect, xxl 343.
Pineto, S., his logarithmic tables, xiv.
775-
Pine Tree 'State (Maine), U.S.A.,
XV. 299.
Pinetti • DE WiLDALLE, Giuseppe,
Italian conjuror, XV. 208.
PiNEY Tallow, xvii. 746.
PiNGUicuLA, insectivoroiu plant, Xlll.
134, 137-
PlNGUlTE, mineral, XVI. 425.
Finite, mineral, xvi. 418.
PINITOID, mineral, XVI. 425.
Pink, plant, xix. 106; xii. 258.
PiNKERTON, John, Scottish archaeo-
logist, XIX. 107.
PiNKETHMAN, English nantomimist
xvin. 216.
PiNKiE, Scotland, Battle of (1547), xxi.
500.
PiN-MONEY, XII. 401.
Pinnace, boat, xxi: 825.
Pinnacle, in architecture, II. 469.
Pinnipedia, suborder of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 442.
PiNOS, Isla de, Cuba, vi. 679.
PlNSK, to\\-n, Russia, XIX. 107.
Pintail, duck, vii. 506.
Pinto, disease, xviil. 270.
, Emmanuel, grand-master of the
Knights of St John, XXI. 175.
, Fernao Mendes, Portuguese adven-
turer, XIX. 107.
PINTURICCHIO (Bemartlino di BettiX
Italian painter, XIX. 108; IX. 773.
PiNUS, genus of trees, XIX. 102.
PiN-WORM, parasite, xxiv. 205.
PiNZON, Martin Alonzo, Spanish navi-
gator, XIX. 109; L 707; VI. 172.
, Vicente Yaiiez, Spanish na\'igator,
XIX. no; I. 707; IV. 227; VI. 172.
Pio, Alberto, Italian patron of early
printing, XV. 512.
PlOMBO, Sebastiano del, Italian painter,
XXI. 615, 442.
PlOTRKOW, toivn, Russian Poland, XIX.
no; diet of (1496), XIX. 290.
PlOZZi, Hester Lynch, English writer,
XIX. no.
Pipe, musical instrument, xix. no.
, Organ, xvii. 829; theories of sound
from, I. 114, 115.
, Tobacco, XIX. no.
Pipe-Bowls, of meerschaum, xv. 825.
Pipe-Clay, x. 237.
Pipe-Fishes, xix. 112.
Piper, genus of plants, xiv. 18; xvill.
516.
PiPERic Acid, xviil 516.
Piper of Hameln, German legend,
XI. 409.
Pipe Roll, of Cloyne, Ireland, vi. 38.
Pipes, of cast-iron, used in place of
aqueducts, II. 322; flow of water in,
XII. 484.
PIPIN and Sfa^ovich, their history
of Slavonic litprarurc, XXI. io8.
PiPISTRELLE, bat, XV. 410.
Pipit, bird, xix. 112.
Pippi, Giulio, Italian- painter, xix.
112.
Pippin, Carlovingian kings, xix. 114.
of Heristal, father of Charles
Martel, xix. 114; IX. 531.
— — of Landen, Prankish mayor of
the palace, xix. 114; ix. 530.
— • — , the Short, .king of the Franks,
XIX. 114; IX. 531; XX. 785.
PiPPUL, or Sacred Fig, tree, IX. 154.
PiPRA, genus of birds, XV. 455.
PiQUA, ton-n, Ohio, U.S.A., xi.x. 114.
Piquet, card game, XIX. 114.
Piracy, xix. n6; xxi. 607; Algerine,
I. 565; Tunisian, xxiil. 621.
, of books, VI. 361.
PlR^us, port of Athens, Greece, in. 4;
XVIIL 530.
Piranesi, Giov'anni Battista, Italian
engraver, XIX. 117.
Pirates, xix. 117; buccaneers, jv. 408.
PiRITHOUS, in Greek mytliology, Xiv.
301; XXIII. 294.
Pirkheimer, Willibald, his relations
with Djirer, vil. 556.
Pirmasens, town, Bavaria, xix. 117.
PiRN.-i, town. Saxony, XIX. 118.
Piron, Alexis, French epigrammatist.
XIX. 118.
PiR Panjab Pass, Kashmir, xiv. 10.
PiRYATiN, town, Russia, xix. 410.
P I S — P L A
347
Pisa, town, Italy, XIX. Ii8; baptistery,
XIX. 124; cathedral, II. 435; Campo
Santo cloister, VI. 36; its school of
painting, XXI. 433, 442; pictures, XXI.
447; leaning tower, IV. 753; XXI. 22;
council of (1409), X. 550; XIX. 502;
XX. 320.
, ancient state, Greece, xvil. 766.
, Leonardo of (Pisanus), Italian
mathematician, xix 124.
PiSAN, Christine de, early French writer,
IX. 647.
PiSANELLO (Vittore Pisano), Italian
medallist and sculptor, XIX. 124; XXL
56S.
PiSANi, Victor, Venetian admiral, xxiv.
144.
Pisano, Andrea, Italian sculptor, xix.
122.
, Giovanni, Italian architect and
sculptor, XIX. 122; wall decorations
of, XVII. 35.
, Giunta, Italian painter, x. 624;
XXI. 433; his fresco painting, IX 77a
, Niccola, Italian architect and sculp-
tor, XIX. 123; II. 435.
- — , Nino, Italian sculptor, xix. 122.
, Vittore, Italian medallist, xix.
124; medals of, xvii. 657.
Pisanus, Leonardus, Italian mathe-
matician, XIX 124.
PiSATis, ancient district^ Greece, XVII.
765, 766.
PiSAURUM (Pesaro), ancient town, Italy,
XVIII. 683.
Piscary, Common of, fishing right, VL
209.
PISCATOR, Lucian's dialogue, XV. 44.
Pisciculture, or Fish-Culture, xix.
126; salmon, XXI. 226; in New Zea-
land, XVII. 470.
PlsciN^ in architecture, II. 470.
, Roman baths. III. 434.
Pisco, tow-n, Peru, XViii. 674.
PiSEK, to-n-u, Bohemia, XIX. 129.
PISEMSKI, Russian novelist, XXI. 108.
PiSE Work, in buOding, IV. 471.
PiSHIN, valley, Baluchistan, XX. 178.
PlSlDES, George, Byzantine writer, X.
429.
Pisidia; country, Asia Minor, XIX.
129; coins of, XVII. 648.
PiSIDIUM, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 694.
PISISTRATUS, tj-rant of Athens, XIX
130; XI. 97; XXII. 255; his alleged
collection of the Homeric poems, xil.
116.
Piso, C. Calpumius, conspirator against
Nero, XVII. 350.
, Cneius Calpumius, colleague of
Germanicus, x. 446.
, L. Calpumius, heir of Galba,
XVIII. 65.
Pisolite, mineral, xvi. 397.
PisoLiTic Iron Ores, xiii. 287.
PiSRA, or Pisren (Prisrend), town,
• RoumeUa, Turkey, xix. 764.
PiSSEVACHE, waterfall, Switzerland,
xxn. 777.
PissoPHANE, mineral, xvi. 401.
PissXJTHNES, satrap of Sardis, xviii.
575-
Pistachio Nut, xix. 131; xvii.
665.
PiSTACl.i, genus of plants, xv, 621;
XXIIL 669.
Pistil, organ of plants, iv. 135, 141.
PlSTOL% town, Italy, XIX. 130.
, Cino da, Italian" poet, xiii. 502.
Pistol, weapon, XL 285; xix 131.
PlSUM, genus of plants, XVIII. 441.
Pitard, Jean, French surgeon, XXII.
675.
PiTCAiRN, or Pitcaim's Island, island.
South Pacific, XIX. 132; settlement of
the islanders on Norfolk lajand, xvil.
537-
PiTCAlRNE, Archibald, Scottish physi-
cian, XIX 132; XV. 811.
Pitch, in music, i. 107; of voice, xxiv.
274 r XVIL 102.
, tar product, xxiil. 58; Burgundy,
IX, 711; viscosity of, VL 311.
Pitch-Blende, mineral, xvi. 386;
XXIV. 7.
Pitcher-Plant, xiii. 138.
Pitch-Pine, tree, XIX. 105.
Pitchstone, rock, x. 231, 234.
Pith, in plants, rv. 100.
Pith.^goras, tyrant of Selinus, XXI.
633.
PITHECL4, genus of apes, II. 154.
Pithecusa (Ischia), island, Italy, xili.
385.
Pitho, satrap of Media, xvni. 585.
Pithole, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 716.
PrrHOM, town, Egypt, xix. 133; xx.
265.
PlTHOU, Pierre, French jurist, XIX.
133-
PlTlscus,Bartholomau3, German mathe-
matician,xxili. 562; his mathematical
tables, XIV. 775; xxilL 9.
Pitman, Isaac, English phonographer,
XXI. 834.
PiTON des Neiges, mountain. Reunion,
XX. 491.
Pit Props, in mines, xvi. 450.
PiTSCOTTiE, Robert of, Scottish chroni-
cler, XXL 542.
Pitt, mountain, Oregon, U.S;A., xvil
822; XXIIL 800.
, William, earl of Chatham, V. 440;
VIII. 356.
, William, English statesman, xix.
134; viiL 358, 359; X. 425; his
measures of finance, IX. 186.
Pitta, bird, xix. 148.
Pittacus, of Mytilene, Greek sage,
XIX. 149.
Pitt Diamond, vii. 166.
PITTICITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
PiTTl Gallery, at Florence, ix. 332.
PITTSBURGH, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XIX. 150.
Landing, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
Battle of (1862), XXIIL 776.
PiTTSFiELD, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XIX. 151.
Pitt's Island, Pacific Ocean, v. 444.
. PlTTSTON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XIX. 151.
PiT-ViPERS, family of snakes, xx. 293;
XXII. 193, 199-
Pityriasis, skin disease, xviii. 270;
XXII. 123.
Pityus.% Greek colony, Asia Minor,
XIV. 249-
PlURA, San Miguel de, town, Pem, l.
89; xviii. 441, 674.
Pius I., pope, xix- 151.
11., pope, XIX. 152, 503; XX. 559;
his connexion with Siena, XXll. 41,
43-
III., pope, XIX. 153.
IV., pope, XIX. 153, 504; his rela-
tion to council of Trent, XXIIL 548.
v., pope, XIX. 153, 504.
VI., pope, XIX. 154, 507.
VII., pope, XIX. 155, 508; XIU.
485.
VIIL, pope, XIX. 156, 509.
IX., pope, XIX. 156, 509; XIIL 488;
XX 806 ; Vatican Council under
(1869), XXIV. no.
, Quintus CfficUius MeteUus, Roman
general, XVI. 106.
PiVATi, Gianfrancesco, Italian encyclo-
paedist, VIII. 197.
PlYADASl, Indian king, his edicts m
ancient inscriptions, XIII. 118.
PiZARRO, Francisco, conqueror of Peru,
XIX. 159; X. 182; conquest of Peru
by, XVIII. 677, 679; his treatment of
Atahuallpa, 11. 826.
, Gonzalo, Spanish captain, Peru,
XVIII. 676.
PizzoLO, Niccolo, Italian painter, xv.
501.
PLACENTA, of mammals, xv. 368; of
plants, IV. 142 ! placental develop-
ments, in physiology, XVIII. 364; pla-
cental function in congenital disorders,
XVIII. 374.
Placentalia, order of mammals, xv.
372, 3^3-
Placentia (Piacen2a), ancient town,
Italy, XIX. 64; amphitheatre at, i.
775-
Bay, Newfoundland, XVII. 382.
Places, Names of, xvii. 168.
PlaCODERMI, suborder of foscil fishes,
XII. 686.
Pladda, islet, Scotland, II. 629.
Plagiaulax, fossil mammal, xv. 376.
PL.\GlONirE, mineral, XVI. 394.
Plagiosto.mata, suborder of fishes,
XIL 685.
Plagictropic Organs, in plants, xix.
6:.
348
P L A — P L A
Plagium, in law, xxm. 233.
Plague, epidemic disease, xix. 159;
quarantine against, XX. 156; of London
(1664), XIV. 848; in Egypt, VII. 703.
, History of the, by Defoe, VII. 29.
, Cattle, XVII. 59.
Plaice, fish, xix. 168.
Plaideurs, Les, Racine's play, XX, 206.
Plain Chant, or Plain Song, in music,
XIX. 168.
Plain Dealer, The, Wycherleys play,
XXIV. 706.
Plaine Discovery, Napier's work on
the Revelation, xvii. 178.
pLAlNFiELD, town. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xix. 168.
PLAIN Song, in music, xix. 168.
Plaiting, Straw, xxii. 593
Plakina, genus of sponges, xxil. 425.
Planarians, group of worms, XIX.
170.
Pl.\NCIUS, Petrus, Dutch cartographer,
xvii. 253; xix. 317.
Planck, Gottlieb Jakob, German cnurch
historian, XIX. 175.
Plane, in geometry, X. 386.
. , tool, XI. 437.
K^ — , tree, Culture of, II. 317.
Figures, Mensuration of,»xvi. 14;
projection of, XLX. 793.
pLANE-T.\BLE, for surve)-ing, XXII. 718.
Planetary Motion, Mechanics of, xv.
■684, 707, 724.
Planets, II. 776; Xl. 70; Olbers's hypo-
thesis as to their origin, XVII. 753;
their action on the moon, XVI. 802;
minor, table of oppositions of, XVIII.
'251; rotation of, XXIIL 374, 378;
Herschel on rotation of, XI. 766,
Kepler's laws of their motion, XIV. 46;
Laplace's discoveries in motions of, xiv.
'301 ; Leverrier's revision of theories
of, XI v. 487; Newton's laws of their
motion, xvi. 676; xvii. 441; Ptolemy
on, XX. 90.
Planimeter, surveying instrument,
XXII. 721.
Planing M.\chine, xv. 155.
Planipennia, group of insects, XIII.
•51
Planisphere, Zodiacal, xxiv. 795.
Plani^ Bending of, in mechanics, xv.
744-
PlaN0G-\METES, in plant reproduction,
XX. 425.
Plant.\genet, English dynasty, xix.
«75-
Spa, Canada, xvi. 436.
PlantaGO, genus of plants, XIX. 176.
Plantain, plant, xix. 176.
Plantain-Eater, bird, xxiii. 487.
Plantations, Formation and manage-
ment of, II. 322.
Plantin, Christophe, printer in Ant-
werp, Xix. 176.
Planting, in arboriculture, II. 314.
Pl.\nt-Louse, XIII. 153
Plants, distinguished from animals,
III. 6gc; XIX. 830; breeds of, iv. 244;
classification, I v. 79; Linnsus's classi-
fication, XIV. 672; distribution, VII.
2S6; fertilization of, by insects, XIII.
142; geological action of, X. 289; his-
tology, XII. 10; insectivorous, XIII.
134; mimicry in, XVI. 343; morpho-
logy, XVI. 841; parasitism, xviii. 264;
physiology, XIX. 43; XXI. 406; propa-
gation and reproduction, XII. 211, 234;
XX. 423; as totems, XXIII. 468.
Pl.\nudes, Ma.\imus, his Greek antho-
logy, II. 104; on numerals, XVII. 626.
Planula, in animal development, via.
746.
Plasencia, to«Ti, Spain, xix. 177.
PL-ASMA, precious stone, i. 278.
Plasmology, study of cell-substance,
XXIV. 817.
Plassey, or Plassy, India, Battle of
(1757). VI. 10; XII. 801.
Pl.^ster Cast, for sculpture, xsi.
571
Plastering, in architecture, 11. 470.
Plaster of Paris, or Gypsum, xi. 351;
XIV. 647, 648; quarries, XVI. 454.
Plaster-Work, in building, iv. 504.
Plasticity, of metals, xvi. 65.
Plastidozoa, in Lank ester's classifica-
tion, XXIV. 812.
Pl.\t, Sir Hugh, on manures, I. 297.
Pl.ata, La, or Argentine Republic II.
487.
, Rio de la (The River Plate), river.
South America, XKX. 187; II. 4S9.
PL.\TyEA, ancient town, Greece, XIX.
177; battle of (479 B.C.X XVIII. 436,
572-
Pl.^talea, genus of birds, XXII. 430.
Pl.\tanista, genus of cetacean mam-
mals, XV. 397.
PL.4TE, Gold and silver, xix. 178.
, one of the Princes Islands, Sea of
Marmora, xix. 742.
, The River, South America, Xix.
187; II. 489.
Platearius, Joanaes, mediaeval ^vriter
on medicine, xv. 806.
PL-^teau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand,
Belgian physicist, XIX. 189; on sur-
face-tension, V. 58.
Pl.-vted Ware, xix. 189.
Pl.^ite Glass, x. 662.
Pl.^ten-Hallermund, August, count
of, German poet, XIX. 189; X. 545.
Platen Printing Machine, xxiii.
704.
Plate-Printing, viii. 439.
Plateresque ■ Architecture, ii.
442.
Platerspil, musical instrument, XXIII.
490.
Pl.\te Swimming, xxii. 771.
Platforms, Railway, xx. 235.
PL.ATINERITE, mineral, XVI. 387.
Pl-atiniridujm. mineral, xvi. 383.
Platinocvanides, platinum com-
pounds, .XIX. 192.
PL.ATINUM, metal, Xl.\. 189; as chemical
element, v. 537; xvi. 383; its use for
the blowpipe. III. 837; specific heat of,
XX. 132; in iron, XIII, 284; mines of,
in Ural Mountains, Russia, XXIV. 5;
mirrors made of, XVI. 501; ores of,
XVI. 58; wire, X-Xiv. 615.
Plato, Greek philosopher, xix. 194;
his method of analysis, I. 793; in
relation to Aristotle, II. 510; on astro-
nomy, II. 747; on the beautiful, i.
215; on communism, vi. 212; econo-
mic ideas of, XIX. 349; his ethics,
VIII. 579; on evolution, viii. 756; on
the fine arts, IX. 199; his logic, XIV.
785; his metaphysics, xvi. go; on the
Mysteries, XVII. 125; on Socrates, XXIL
232; in relation to Socrates's teaching,
XXII. 237; on sophistry, xxn. 266;
on transmigration of the soul, XVI.
106; his place in Greek literature, xi.
142; Ast's translations and comment-
aries on, II. 735; Trendelenburg on,
XXIII. 542.
Platon, Levshin, Russian archbishop,
XIX. 212.
Platonism, or Platonic Philosophy, I.
68; in relation to mysticism, XVii.
130 ; PhUo's affinities with, XVIII.
760; as modified by Speusippus, xxil.
396-
PL.^TONISTS, Cambridge, XIX. 211.
PL.\TRlfeRE, ' Roland de la, . French
Revolutionist, xx. 624.
Platt Deutsch, or Nieder Deutsch,
German idiom, x. 516; xvin. 785;
Renter's wTitings in, xx. 494.
Platte, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvil.
307-
Platten-See, lake, Hungary, XIl.'.
362.
Plattner, Carl Friedrich, Germsa
metallurgist, xix. 212.
PLATTSBURGH,town,New York, U.S.A^
XLX. 213.
Plattsmouth, town, Nebraska, U.S.A.j>
XVII. 309
PL-^t^tielmia, phylum in Lankester"*
zoological classification, XXIV. 813.
Platyhelminthes, order of worma
XVII. 326; XIX. 170.
Platypus, monotreme mammal, xix
213; XV. 371, 377.
Pl-'^tysternid.*, family of dielonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Plauen, town. Saxony, XIX. 2 1 5.
PlaUTIAnus, commander of Roman
prffitorian guards, XXI. 700.
Pl.\UTUS, T. Maccius, Roman dramatist,
XIX. 215; VII.411; XX.717J language
of, XIV. 329, 331.
Plauzite, mineral, XVI. 428.
Play, Plays, Dramatic, vii. 391; copy-
right in, VI. 360; licensing of, xix.
711.
P L A — P N Y
349
Playfair, John, Scottish mathematician,
XIX. 217; on porisms, XIX. 520.
Playford, John, English musician,
XVII. 88.
Plaza de Almanzor, mountain, Spain,
XXII. 294.
Plea, in law, xix. 219. '
Pleading, in law, xix. 217.
Pleasure, in ethics, vm. 580; xvni.
690; psychological analysis of, XX.
40, 67, 7 1 ; Aristippus's philosophy of,
IL 507; Epicurean theory, VIII. 475;
Stoic theory, xxii. 567.
Pleasures of Hope, by CampbeO,
IV. 755.
Pleasures of Imagination, by
Akenside, I. 435.
Pleasures of Memory, Eogers's
poem, XX. 621.
Plebeians, Roman, xvn. 525; xx. 732,
736; in relation to the tribunate,
xxiii. 558; law relating to xx. 670.
Plebiscitum, in Roman law, xx. 679.
Plebs, or Plebeians (j.s.), Roman, xvii.
525.
Plecoglossus, genus of fishes, xxi.
221, 224.
PleCTOGNATHI, order of fishes, XII.
694.
Plectrorhamphus, genus of birds,
XXIV. 824.
tLECTRUDE, -R-ife of Pippin of Heristal,
IX. 531.
Pledce, in law, xix. 220.
Pleiad, or Pleiade, coterie of French
poets, III. 544; IX. 650; XX. 841;
Daurat's place in, VI. 835.
Pleistocene Deposits, in geology,
X. 365.
Plenipotentiary, Ministers, envoys,
I. 657.
Pleochroism, in crystals, xvi. 375.
Pleomorphism, of Schizomycetes, XXl.
404.
Pleonaste, mineral, XVl. 386.
Plerome, in plant histology, XII. 15.
Plescheyevo, or Pleshtcheevo, lake,
Russia, xviii. 524; XXIV. 271.
Plesidy, France, Menhir at, xxi. 51.
Plesiosauri.'VNS, extinct reptiles, XIX.
220.
Plessis, Marshal du (Due de Choiseul),
V. 681.
Pletho, or Gemistus, Geoigius, Byzan-
tine scholar, X. I36.
Plethysmograph, pulse - measurer,
XXII. 155.
Plettenberg, mountain, Wiirtemberg,
XXIV. 699.
, Walther von, grand-master of
Livonian Brothers of the Sword, XIV.
724.
Pleural Membrane, xx. 476.
Pleurenchyma, vegetable tissue, IV.
85.
Pleurisy, or Plewitis, disease, xix.
Pleuronectes, genus of fishes, xix.
168.
Pleuro-Pneumonia, cattle disease,
xvn. 60.
Plevna, or Pleven, town, Bulgaria,
XIX. 224; siege of (1877), IX. 431;
XXI. 102; XXIII. 431, 652.
Pleximeter, medical instrument, III.
100.
Plexuses, Nervous, Anatomy of the, i.
868,
Pleyel, Ignaz Joseph, Austrian musical
composer, XIX. 224.
Pliability, Coefficient of, vi. 311.
Plica Polonica, disease, XX. 218.
Plinius, or Pliny (j.f.), xix. 224.
Plinth, in architecture, il 470.
PlintHITE, mineral, XVI. 425.
Pliny, The Elder, Roman naturalist,
XIX. 224; on birds, XVIII. 3; his
economic theories, XIX. 350 ; on
ancient geography, X. 177; on medi-
cine, XV. 803; on plants, iv. 79 ; his
Natural History, vm. 191; his lan-
guage and style, XIV. 337; his place in
Roman literature, XX. 726.
, The Younger, Roman consul and
writer, XIX. _ 225; on the early Chris-
•tians, XIH. 658; his Letters, XX. 726;
his relations with Suetonius, XXII.
619; with Tacitus, xxin. 19; his
panegyric of Trajan, XXIII. 504; his
language and style, XIV. 337.
Pliny's Doves, Mosaic work of Had-
rian's vma, at TivoU, xvi. 851.
Pliocene Rocks, in geology, X.
. 364-
Plock, government and town, Russian
Poland, XIX. 227.
Plombgomme, mineral, xvi. 407.
Plombieres, spa,»France, XVI. 436.
Ploner See, lake, Schleswig-Holstein,
XXI. 414.
Plonsk, town, Russian Poland, XIX.
227.
Plotinus, Neoplatonist phOosopher,
xn. 603; XVII. 130, 335; on the beau-
tiful, I. 216; his connexion with
Anunonius, I. 743.
Plot-Measuring Instrument, in
surveying, XXII. 720.
PlOTUS, genus of birds, XXII. 188.
Plough, agricultural implement, I. 311,
313; ploughing, L 336.
Ploughman's Complaint, anonymous
poem, XIV. 811:
Ploughman's Crede, anonymous
poem, XIV. -285, 811.
Plover, bird, xix. 227; American, xiv.
76; golden, XIV. 308; Kentish, XIV.
76; long-legged, XXII. 551; distribu-
tion of. III. 757; eggs of, XIV. 308.
Plover's Page, bird, xxi. 260.
Plowman, Piers, by Langland, xiv.
285. See Piers.
Plowman's Tale, The, anonymous
poem, XIV. 285.
Plucker, Julius, German mathe-*
matician and physicist, XIX. 228; his
experiments in magnetic induction,
XV. 250.
Plug Tobacco, xxiii. 426.
Plum, tree and fruit, xix. 230; xil. 27^
Plumbago, mineral, xix. 230; v. 87.
Plumber-Work, in building, iv. 502
Plumbocalcite, mineral, xVL 397.
Plum-Kernel Oil, xvii. 744.
Plummer Hall, Salem, Massachusetts^
U.S.A., XXL 211.
Plunging, in swimming, XXII. 770.
Plunket, Lord, Irish lawyer and states-
man, XIX. 231.
Plush, cloth, xix. 232.
Plutarch, Greek writer, xix. 232 j
XVII. 334.
Plutia (Piazza Armerina), ancient
town, Sicily, xix. 79.
Pluto, Greek god of the dead, xix.
235-
Plutus, Greek god of riches, XIX. 236.
, ot Aristophanes, 11. 509.
Pluviograph, Beckleys, xx. 257.
Pluviometer, or Rain Gauge, xx. 256.
Pluvius, epithet of Jupiter, xill. 780.
Plyctolophus, genus of birds, xvii.
355-
Plymouth, town, England, xix. 236;
dockyard, vii. 315,. 318; libraries,
XIV. 521, 544.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xix.
238; XXIII. 729.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., XIX.
238.
- — , town, Montserrat, West Indies,
XVI. 797.
Brethren, Christian sect, xix
238.
Company, Colonies founded by,
XXIII. 729; XV, 615; their settlements
in New Hampshire, U.S.A., xvn. 393.
Pneuma, Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 564.
Pneumatic Despatch, xix. 239.
Pneumatic Institution,- for cure of
diseases, III. 480.
Pneum.\tic Power - Transmitter,
XV. 753.
Pneumatics, xix. 240; xii. 439, 445;
PapLn's inventions in, xviii. 229.
Pneumatic School of Medicine, in
Rome, XV. 803.
Pneumatic Tubes, xii. 491.
Pneumatomachi, early Christian sect,
XV. 145.
Pneumodermon, genus of Mollusca,
XVI. 667.
Pneumograph, for recording chest
movements, xx. 477.
Pneumonia, disease, xix. 249; xviii.
395-
PNEUMONOCHLAM'iTJA, suborder of
MoUusca, XVI. 649.
P'nom-Penh, town, Cambodia, IV. 725.
Pnyx, place of assembly at Atheiw,
III. 3.
350
p O — P 0 L
Po, rivp-r, -Italy, xix. 251; xill. 435:
Swiss basin of, XXII. 776.
POACE^, group of grasses, XI. 58.
Poaching, Legislation on, x. 62.
POAYA, or Ipecacuanha, drug, XIII.
210.
Pocahontas, Indian princess, xxii.
J75-
Pochard, or Pockard, bird, xix. ^52.
Pocket-Holes, in mediasval dress, VI.
468.
PocKNELL, E.. his system of shorthand,
XXI. 840.
PocoCK, Edward, English Orientalist,
XIX. 252.
PococKE, Richard, bishop of Ossory,
Eastern traveller, XIX. 253.
POCOMOKE, river, Maryland, U.S-A.,
XV. 603.
PocoNCHis, people, Central" America,
XXIV. 760.
Pod, form of fruit, iv. 151.
Podagra, disease, xviii. 388.
Podargus, genus of birds, X. 712.
Podaxonia, or Polyzoa (j.f.), XIX. 430;
in Laniester's classification, xxiv.
813.
Podesta, Italian civic ruler, xiil. 474.
PODGORITZA, town. Montenegro, xvi.
781.
PODICA, genus of birds, XX. 223.
PODICEPS, genus of birds, XI. 79.
PODIEBRAD, George of, king of Bo-
hemia, XIX. 253.
PoDiuM Sanct^e Marine (Le Puy),
ancient to\Tn, France, XX. 119.
Podolia, government, Russia, XIX. 253.
PoDOU.\N Cattle, xiii. 451.
Podolsk, town, Russia, xix. 254.
Podophthalmia, giouD of Crustacea,
VL 655.
PODOPHVLLIN, drug, XIX. 255.
POE, Edgar Allan, American writer,
XIX. 255; 1. 725, 732.
PCECILOPHIS, genus of snakes, xxil.
196.
POERIO, Carlo, Italian statesman, xix.
256.
Poetics, of Aristotle, ii. 519.
Pcetilian Law, Roman, xx. 681,
694.
Poetry, xix. 256; aa a fine art, ix.
207; of troubadours, xix. 873; Aris-
totle's work on, II. 519; Wordsworth's
theory of, XXIV. 670.
Poets, _ Lives of the, Johnson's work,
xin. 728.
POGANOVKA, town, Russia, xvil. 504.
Poggendorff, Johann Christian, Ger-
man physicist, XIX. 273.
Poggio (Gian Francesco Poggio Braccio-
lini), Italian humanist, XIX. 274; I.
784; his Latinity, Xiv. 342.
Gajella, Italy, Cemetery at, v.
216.
POGODlNE, Michael Petrovitch, Russian
historian, xxi. 108.
POGROMNA, spa. Eastern Siberia, XXIII.
510.
POGY, fish, XIX. 275; XVI. 10.
Poinsettia, stove plant, XII. 266.
Poinsot, Louis, French mathematician,
XIX. 275; his roUing ellipsoid, xv.
737-
Point, Kinematics of a, xv. 679.
de Galle, town, Ceylon, x. 40.
Pointe a Pitre, town, Guadeloupe,
West Indies, XI. 230.
Pointed Architecture, ii. 422;
churches in, IV. 448.
Pointe des Galets, harbour, Reunion,
XX. 493.
Pointer, dog, vii. 330.
Pointing, of walls, in building, iv.
464.
Point-Lace, xiv. 185.
Points, Railway, xx. 237.
PoiRET, Pierre, mystic, XVII. 135.
PoisCHWiTZ, Prussia, Armistice of
(1813), xvn. 219.
Poisoned Arrows, xxii. 608; of Bush-
men, IV. 575.
Poisoned Wounds, xxii. 681.
Poisonous Food, xv. 781.
Poison Rings, xx. 56i.'
Poisons, xix. 275; diseases from, xviil.
406; narcotic, treatment of, xvil. 231;
ordeal by, xvil. 8ig; for arrows, XXII.
608; of snakes, XXII. 191.
PoiSSON, Jeanne Antoinette, Madame
de Pompadour, XIX. 443; IX. 586.
, Simeon Denis, French mathema-
tician, XIX. 279; his application of
analysis to electricity, viii. 9; on the
equilibrium of fluids, V. 58; ,on light,
XXIV. 429; on magnetism, XV. 228,
241, 249.
PoiTEViN, Alphonse, French photo-
grapher, xviii. 831.
Poitiers, town, France, xix. 281;
population, xxiv. 222; university of,
xxiii. S41; battle of (732), IX. 531;
battle of (1356), VII. 686; VIIL 318;
IX. 546.
PoiTOU, old province, France, XIX. 282;
mule-breeding in, XVII. 14.
POIX, Prince de, French noble, XVII.
523-
POKER, or Pochard, bird, xix. 252.
, card game, xix. 282.
Pokroff, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
POKROVSK, or - Pokrovskaya Sloboda,
town, Russia, xix. 284; XXI. 243.
Pokrovskaya Sloboda, town, Russia,
XIX. 284; X.XL 243.
Pokrovsky Cathedral, Moscow,
Russia, XVI. S67.
Pol, Wincenty, Polisn writer, XIX. 305.
Pola, island. South Pacific, XVII. 279.
, town, Austria-Hungary, XIX. 284;
observatory at, XVIL 713; battle of
(1379), XXIV. 144.
POLABES, ancient Slavonic tribe, XIV.
347-
Polabish Language, xxii. 154.
Poland, country, Europe, XIX. 285;
treatment of, by Catherine IL of
Russia, V. 233; union with Lithuania,
XIV. 70-! ; its claim to Moldavia, XXI.
18 J partitions of, X. 503; xix. 297,
298; xvn. 485; XX. 11; xxi. 100, 103;
Reformation in, xx. 336; its relations
with Sweden, xxil. 748; Arianism
in, X.XIII. 725; coins of, XVIL 658;
language, xvin. 785; xxii. 150; news-
papers, XVIL 430; nobility, xvii. 530;
periodical literature, XVIII. 543; Pres-
byterian Chixrch, XIX. 697; LeleweP*
History of, XIV. 434
, Russian, xix. 306; XXI. 09.
Polar, in geometry, x. 399.
Bear, in. 461.
Coordinates, x. 414.
PolarimetrY, in optics, xxiv. 451.
Polaris, Arctic expedition of the, Xf;
388.
POLARISCOPE, Aragos, IL 303.
, Lantern, XV. 213
Polarity, xix. 312; magnetic xv. 227
266.
Polarization, 01 light, xiv. oio; xxiv.
445; of the aurora. III. 93; in crystals,
XVI. 373 ; in electricity, viil. 14,
86-89,93; rotatory, XXIV. 451; action
of sugar on, XXII. 623; Brewster's
discoveries in, IV. 276; by reflexion.
Malus's discovery of, XV. 345.
Polar Regions, XIX. 315; explorai..<»e
of, X. 190; Franklin's explorations, IX.
721; animals, vn. 269, 274; flora,
VII. 287, 289; whale fisheries, XXIV.
527-
Pole, of the earth, x. 198 ; of tha
heavens, IL 764.
, in magnetism, XV. 220, 235; XVI,
163; different meanings of, XV. 241.
, Edmund de la. earl of Suffolk,
XXIV. 753.
, Reginald, cardinal, xix. 330: vill.
340; XXIV. 753.
AND Polar, in geometry, x.
399-
Polecat, carnivorous mammal, xix.
331; XV. 440.
Polejna, genus of sponges, xxil. 414.
Polemarch, Greek magistrate, 11. 476.
Polemarchus, Athenian, brother of
Lysias, XV. 117.
Polemics, in history of dogmatic, vn
339-
Polemon, on physiognomy, xix. 4.
Polenta, Italian mai^e porridge, xvilk
476.
Poles, people, Europe, xxii. 145, 147;
XIX. 309; in Russia, xxL 80.
Pole Star, Nautical observations bjj
XVII. 269.
Polevoi, Nicholas. Russian historiaa,
XXI. 108.
, Paul, Russian writer, XXI. icS.
POLIANI, European people, xix. 285.
P O L — P O L
351'
POLIANI'HES, genus of plants, XXIII.
602.
^OIAHS, epithet of Athena, II. 830.
Police, xix. 332; of London, xiv. S34;
of Paris, xviii. 283.
POLICHINELLE, French puppet, XX.
106.
POLICHNE, suburb of Syracuse, Sicily,
XXII. 813.
POLiCRATicus, John of Salisbury's
■work, XIII. 71S.
POLIGNAC, Jules, Due de, xix. 345.
, Jules, Prince de, xix. 345; ix.
619.
, Melchior de, French cardinal, xix.
344-
POLIGRAPHIA, Trithemius's work, VI.
669.
POLINOS, island, Mgean Sea, xv. 841.
Polish Draughts, game, vii. 446.
Polish Language, xviii. 785 ; xxii.
150; dictionaries of, vil. 188.
Polish Literature, xix. 299.
POLISTEa, genus of wasps, XXIV. 392.
POLITIAN (Angelo Poliziano), Italian
scholar and poet, XIX. 345; vi. 418;
XIII. 507; XJX. 384, 385; his Latinity,
XIV. 342; his Favola di Orfeo, xviii.
345-
Political Economy, xix. 346; con-
tributions to the science by Bastiat,
III. 429 ; by Bodin, III. 848 ; by
Cairnes, iv. 643; by Coudillac, vi.
253; by Hermann, xi. 740; by Cliffe
Leslie, XIV. 478; by M'Culloch, XV.
134; by James JliU, XVI. 307; by
John Stuart Mill, xvi. 312; by Sir
Dudley North, xvii. 554; by Eicardo,
XX. 534; by Say, XXI. 360; by Senior,
XXI. 663; by Adam Smith, xxn. 169;
by Tiirgot, XXIII. 629.
Political Government, xi. 10.
Political Justice, Godwin's treatise
on, X. 717.
Political Society, in Austen's system
of law, XIV. 356.
Politics, xviii. 796 ; influence of
Christianity on, v. 697; in relation to
socialism, xxil. 220 ; MachiaveUi's
reports on, XV. 148.
, of Aristotle, II. 518.
PoLiTicus, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 207.
Politiques, French party, IX. 561.
PoLiziANO, Angelo (Politian, q.v.),
Italian scholar and poet, XIX. 345.
Polk, James Knox, president of the
United States, xix. 401; XXIII. 767.
Pollack, fish, xix. 402; xii. 691.
PoLLAN, fish, XIX. 402; XXI. 223.
Pollen, of plants, iv. 138; xx. 424;
collection of, by bees, ill. 485.
Pollentia, ancient town, Italy, v. 584;
battle of (402), XX. 780.
Polling, Monte, mountain, Italy, xill.
439-
Pollio, Cains Asinius, Roman orator,
poet, and historian, xix. 402.
Pollio, Trebellius, Augustan historian,
III. 74.
POLLIS, Syracusan king, xxil. 814.
Pollnitz, Karl Ludwig, Prussian writer,
XIX. 403.
Pollock, Sir George, British general,
I. 240.
POLLOK, Robert, Scottish poet, xix. 403.
POLLOKSHAWS, town, Scotland, xix.
403..
Pollux, mineral, xvi. ■421; xix. 592.
, Castor and, in Greek mythology,
v. 199.
, Julius, Greek sophist, xix. 403.
Polo, game, XIX. 403; xv. 490.
, Caspar Gil, Spanish pastoral poet,
XVIII. 346; XXIL 357.
, Jose Toribio, Peruvian historian,
XVIII. 675.
, Mafieo, Venetian traveller, XIX.
405.
, Marco, Venetian mediaeval tra-
veller, XIX. 404; X. 178; his visit to
China, v. 648; on Prester John, XIX.
717-
, Nicolo, Venetian traveller, xix.
405.
POLOCHIC, river, Guatemala, XI. 239.
POLONSKI, Russian poet, XXI. 109.
Polotsk, Polotesk, or Poltesk, town,
Russia, XIX. 409; population, xxiv.
262.
Polotzki, Simeon, Russian writer, xxi.
105.
Poltav.^, government and town,
Russia, XIX. 41P; battle of (1709X
v. 421; XXI. 97; XXIL 750.
Polverina, Tuscan edict, xv. 790.
POLVERINI, Jacopo, Tuscan noble, XV.
790.
POLY^NUS, author of the Strategies,
XIX. 411.
Polyandry, ix. 18; in Tibet, xxiii.
344-
Polyanthus, garden plant, xii. 259;
XIX. 737.
POLYARGYRITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
Polyarthra, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
POLYBASITE, mijieral, XVI. 395; xxil.
69.
POLVBIUS, Greek historian, xix. 411;
XI. 144; his relations 'n-ith Livy, xn"!
729; on the travels of Pj-theas, xx.
143-
POLVBUS, Greek wTiter on anatomy, I.
800.
POLYCARP, bishop of Smyrna, XIX. 414;
II. 197; on the Gospels, x. 815, 822.
Polycera, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
655, 657.
P0LVCH.«TA, order of Annelida, II. 65.
Polychlorite, colouring matter in
saff'ron, XXI. 146.
POLYCHRONICON, Higdon's chronicle,
XI. 809.
PoLYCHRONius, bishop of Apamea,
XXIII. 255.
POLYCLADIDA, tribe of planarian
worms, XIX. 171, 174.
Polycletus, Greek sculptor, xix. 416:
II- 357-
PolycliniD^, family of Tunicata,
XXIIL 617.
PoLVCONic Development, in map-
making, X. 209.
POLVCRASE, mineral, xvi. 427.
POLYCRATES, Athenian rhetorician,
XIX. 417.
, tyrant of Samos, Greece, Xix. 416;
XXI. 249; patron of Anacreon, L 788;
seal "f, X. 138.
POLYDESMUS COMPLANATUS, wheat
pest, XXIV. 536.
POLYDORA, genus of Annelida, II. 71.
POLYDORUS, Rhodian sculptor, XTV.
293-
POLYDVMITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
POLYEMBRYONY, reproductive process
in plants, XX. 429.
Polyesie, district, Eussia, XVI. 478.
POLYEUCTE, ComeiUe's play, vi. 420.
Polyeuctes, patriarch of Constant'
nople, XVII. 482.
Polygamy, vi. 244; among the Mor-
mons, XVI. 827.
Polygenist Theory^ of origin of races,
II. 114.
POLYGLOTT, XIX. 417.
Bibles, xix. 417; iii. 647; of
Antw;erp (Plantin'sX Tl. 501 ; XIX.
177; Complutensian, xni. 694; Wal-
ton's, XXIV. 341.
Dictionaries, vii. 182 ; Cale-
pino's, IV. 683.
POLYGNOTUS, Greek painter, xix. 417;
IL 358; XVII. 41.
POLYGONS, Construction of, x. 381; xx.
141; mensuration of, XVL 16.
PcTLY'GONUM, garden pe:-ennial, XII. 252.
POLVGORDIUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
683.
POLYHALITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
Polyhedra, Mensuration of, xvL 24.
POLYHISTOR, Cornelius Alexander,
Milesian writer, XIX. 418.
, Morhof s work, XVI. 824.
Polyhydrite, mineral, xvi. 425.
Polyhy-mnia, one of the Muses, xvii.
74-
Polymignite, mineral, XVI. 427.
POLYMITARCYS, genus of insects, VIII.
458.
POLiTJESi.^ XIX. 418; birds of, IIL 741;
languages, xviil. 779; dictionaries of
languages, VII. 192; Christian missions
in, XVI. 516; mythology, xvii. 149;
religions, XX. 364 ; taboo systems,
XXIIL 15; totemism, XXIIL 468.
POLYOLBION, Drayton's poem, I. 501:
VII. 452.
Polype, uses of the term in zoology,
XIX. 428.
Polyphemus, of Greek legend, xvii.
346; XIX. 559.
352
P O L — P O O
Polyphony, in music, xvii. 86.
POLYPLACOPHORA, Older of MoUusca,
XVI. 641.
POLYPOMORPHA, division of Hydrozoa,
XII. 547.
POLYPTEROIDEI, suborder of fishes, xil.
687.
POLYPTERUS, genus of fishes, XIX. 429.
Polypus, tumour, xix. 429; xviii,
379-
POLYSPERCHON, Macedonian general,
XIX. 429.
POLYSPOREA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
855.
POLYSTOME^ group of trematodc
worms, XXIII. 539.
PoLYSTYELiD^ family of Tunicata,
xxiiL 617.
POLYTELITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
Polytheism, xx. 368; xxiii. 234; in
Brakmanism, IV. 208.
POLYTYPE, early stereotype process,
xxiii. 693, 703.
POLVXENA, of Greek legend, XIX. 429.
POLYXENE, platinum ore, XIX. 189,
190.
Metals, xix. 192.
POLYXENUS, genus of Myriapoda, Xv'll.
119.
POLYZOA, division of animal kingdom,
XIX. 429; distribution of, Vll. 277^
283.
POMA, his attempt to assassinate Sarpi,
XXI. 312.
Pomade, perfume, xviii. 526.
POMARE, queen of TaHti, XXIII. 24.
POMARIA (Agadir), Roman town,
Algeria, xxin. 422.
POMBAL, Marquis de, Portuguese states-
man, XIX. 441, 550.
Pome, form of fruit, iv, 152.
POMEGRANATE, tree and fruit, XIX.
441.
POMERANIA, province, Prussia, XIX.
442.
POMERANUS (Johann Bugenhagen), Ger-
man Reformer, iv. 445.
POMEROY, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XIX.
443-
POMETIA, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
PoMFRET (Pontefract), town, England,
XIX. 454; XXIV. 748.
• , John, English poet, XIX. 443.
POMMELOES, fruit, XXI. 727. '
POMMER, musical instrument, XVII.
706.
Pomona, Roman goddess, xix. 443.
, island, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
Pomony, port, Johanna Island, Africa,
VI. 220.
Pompadour, Marquise de, mistress of
Louis XV., XIX. 443; IX. 586.
Pompeii, ancient town, Italy, xix. 444;
XXIV. 196; amphitheatre, I, 776;
basilica, lii. 412; baths, III. 435;
street architecture, 11. 420; wall de-
corations, XVII. 37, 41.
POMPEIOPOLIS, town, Paphlagonia,
XVIII. 228.
P6mpeius, Cneius Magnus (Pompey,
q.v.), Roman triumvir, xix. 450.
, Sextus Magnus (Pompey), Roman
leader, xix. 452.
Pompey (Cneius Magnus Pompeius),
Roman trium\'ir, xix. 450; as consul,
XX. 762; his defeat by Caesar, iv.
638; in Armenia and Parthia, xviii.
595; his conquest of Palestine, XIII.
424; in Spain, xxil. 306.
Pompey's Pillar, Egypt, i. 495; vii.
768.
Pompignan, Lanfranc de, French poet-
aster, XXL 23.
POMPILUS, fish, XIX. 96.
Pomponius Mela, Latin geographer,
XV. 832.
PONAPi, island, PoljTiesia, XIX. 42S.
PONCAS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
832.
Ponce, town, Porto Rico, XIX. 522.
, MaStre, French sculptor, XXI.
563-
, Pedro de, teacher of deaf-mutes,
VII. 6.
- — de Leon, Luis, Spanish religious
writer, XIV. 455; XXIL 357, 360.
Poncelet, Jean Victor, French mathe-
matician, XIX. 452; his experiments
on water-wheels, xil. 438.
Poncho Pass, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIII. 796.
Pond, John, English astronomer, xix.
452.
Pondicherri, French settlement, In-
dia, XIX. 452.
Pond Mussel, mollusc, xvi. 686.
PONDOLAND, South Africa, xili. 817.
PONEROPOLIS (Philippopolis), ancient
town, Thrace, xvili. 753.
PONEVYEZH, town, Russia, XIX. 452.
PoNiATOWsKi, Polish family, xix.
453-
, Stanislaus Augustus, king of
Poland, XIX. 297, 453.
Pons, Jean Louis, French astronomer,
XIX. 453; his comet, vi. 193.
JElu, at Newcastle, England, xvii.
377, 379-
PONSARD, Fran5ois, French dramatist,
XIX. 453.
Pons Varolii, • in the brain, I. 871;
XIX. 36.
Pont, Timothy, on Graham's dyke, 11.
140.
Ponta-Delgada, town, Azores, in.
171.
Pontadera, Andrea da, Italian sculp-
tor, XIX. 122.
PoNTANUS, Jovianus, Italian humanist,
XIX. 454.
PONTCARR^, Camus de, French Chris-
tian pastoral poet, xviu. 346.
PONTCHARTRAIN, Lake, Louisiana,
U.S.A., XV. 20; XVII. 402.
Pont du Card, Roman aqueduct at
Nlmes, France, II. 220.
PONTECORvo, town and principality,
Italy, XIX. 454.
Pontefract, toivTi, England, xix. 454;
representation, XXIV. 748 ; castle,
XXIV. 749.
Cake, confection, xiv. 688.
Pontevedra, province and to-vra, Spain,
XIX. 455.
Pontgibaud, lead-mines, France, xx,
120.
Ponthus ex Sidoine, romance, xx.
658.
PONTIA, island, Italy, XIX. 460.
PONTIAC, American-Indian chief, XVIII.
504.
PONTIANAK, district, Borneo, iv. 59.
PONTi AN- Islands, Italy, xix. 460.
PONTIFEX, or Pontiff, ancient Roman
priest, XIX. 455.
PONTIFFS, of Roman Churcn, List of,
XIX. 509.
Pontifical, liturgical service oook,
XIV. 710.
Pontine Marshes, district, Italy, iv.
751; XIV. 343.
Pontius,' Paul, -ngraver of Eubena's
works, viii. <i 42.
Pilate, Roman procurator of
Palestine, xili. 427.
PONTODRILUS, genus of worms, XXIV.
678.
PONTOISE, town, France, xix. 456; xxi.
625.
Pontoon, for floating bnage, xix.
-456.
Pontoporia, genus of cetacean mam-
mals, XV. 398.
Pontoppidan, Erik, Dahish writer,
XIX. 458; XVII. 590.
Pontormo, Jacopo da, Italian painter,
XIX. 458.
PONTUS, country, Asia Minor, XIX. 458;
conquest of, by the Romans, XV. 56;
under Mithradates, xvi. 529 ; coins of,
XVII. 645.
DE Tyard, French writer, xix.
459-
Pont-y-Cysyllte, aqueduct in Wales,
II. 229.
Pontypool, town, Englana, xix. 460.
Pontypridd, or Pont-y-tu-Prydd, town,
Wales, XIX. 460; bridge at, IV. 333.
^ONY, XII. 191; Highland, I. 385; Shet-
land, XVII. 848.
Ponza, island, Italy, XIX. 460; XIII.
440.
Pooah, or Puya, plant fibre, XX. 506.
Pool, game, ill. 677.
, town, Wales, XXIV. 500.
Poole, town, England, XIX. 460; VII.
370-
, Matthew, English Biblical critic,
XIX. 460.
Poole, Paul Falconer, English painter,
XIX. 461.
PoONA, district, India, xix. 461; town,
XIX. 462.
Poor Cl-^RES, religious sisterhood, IX.
693, 699; XVI. 711.
POOREE (Puri), district and town, India,
XX. 115.
POORHOUSES, English, XIX. 468.
POOR-L.'vw P.\RisH, English, XVIII.
296.
PooR-L.^w Relief, xi.x. 468, 473 ;
Chalmers's objections to, v. 375.
Poor Laws, xix. 462; influence of the
poor-law system on wages, xxiv.
311.
Poor R.\tes, xix. 471, 479.
Poor Richard's Almanack, Frank-
lin's, I. 721; IX. 712.
P0PAY.4N, town, Colombia, South
America, XIX. 481.
Pope, The, mode of his election, v. 98;
VI. 239; rise of temporal power of,
Xlll. 468 ; XIX. 494, 495 ; relations
with temporal sorereigns, VI. 241 ;
titles conferred bv, XXIII. 418; list
of popes, XIX. 509. See also Pope-
dom.
, fish, XIX. 481.
, Alexander, English poet, XIX. 481;
his epitaphs, VIII. 495; his optimism,
xvin. 6S7; as pastoral poet, XVIII.
347; as satirist, XXI. 320; his place in
English literature, viii. 426, 427, 428;
reaction against his style, XXIV. 378;
liis relations with Addison, I. 149;
with Broome, IV. 372.
AND Bowles Controversy, iv.
179.
Popedom, The, xix. 487; xx. 628; the
States of the Church, XXI I. 460 ;
English resistance to, viii. 333; rela-
tions with early Church of England,
VIII. 372; in relation to the Jesuits,
XIII. 648; in time of Reformation, XX.
323; in mediaeval Roman history, XX.
783, 785, 791, 805; relations of, with
Spain, XXII. 315 ; relations of, to
Vatican Council, XXIV. no; conflict
v.-ith Venice, xxiv. 146. See Pope.
Popelicans, Eastern sect, XV III. 434.
POPILIAN Way, Italy, xx. 555.
Popinjay, bird.xviii. 321.
Popish Plot, of Titus Oatcs, xvii.
697.
Poplar, tree, xix. 510; culture of, 11.
318; of Turkestan, XXIII. 635.
Poplin, cloth, xix. 512.
Popocatepetl, volcano, Mexico, xix.
512; XVI. 215.
POPOL VuH, ancient Mexican docu-
ment, XVI. 208.
roPOViCH, Yovan, Servian dramatist,
y.xi. 691.
POPP/EA Sabina, wife of the emperor
Nero, XVII. 349.
Poppy, plant, xvii. 231; culture of, in
2.1—18
P O 0 — P O R
Behar, III. 508; in Bengal, III. J68; at
Patna, India, xviii. 409; opium from,
XVII. 787.
Heads, in architecture, 11. 470.
Oil, XIX. 513; xvii. 744.
P0PUL.IT10N, XIX. 513; influence of, on
agriculture, I. 307; communistic views
of, VI. 215; Malthus's theories, xv.
■343; XIX. 371.
Populonia, Etruscan town, Italy, VIIJ.
636; coins of, XVII. 637.
POPULUS, genus of trees, XIX. 510.
, order of society in Rome, XVll.
525-
Poquelin, Jean Baptiste (Moli^re, g.i;.),
French dramatist, xvi. 624.
PORBE.-iGLE, fish; XIX. 518J XXI. 776.
Porcari, or Porcaro, Stefano, Roman
conspirator, xvii. 484; XX. 806.
Porcelain, finest pottery, xix. 600;
clay for, xiv. i; gilding of, X. 594;
manufacture of, in China, XI v. 90;
Japanese, xill. 590; of Limoges, xiv.
651.
Earth, or Kaolin, xiv. i ; xvi.
424.
Tower, at Nanking, China, xvii.
172.
Porcellanea, group of Foraminifera,
IX. 376.
Porch, in architecture, II. 470.
PORCHESTER Castle, Portsmouth,
England, xix. 535.
PORCINA, JI. .Jimilius Lepidus, his
Latin style, xiv. 332.
PORCUPINE, rodent mamn.al, xix. 518;
XV. 420.
Ant-E.\ter, VII. 628; XV. 378.
Man, IV. 245.
Pordenone, II (Giovanni Antonio
. Licinio), Italian painter, XIX. 519.
PORFIDO, Verde Antico, building
stone, XIX. 521.
' PORIFERA, in Lankester's classification,
I XXIV. 812; embryology of, XX. 419.
PoRioN Evaporator, used in paper
manufacture, XVIII. 226.
Porism, in geometry, XIX. 519.
Pork Measles, xxiii. 52.
PORKOFF, to\\-n, Russia, XX. 36.
Pork.Tr.ade, of Chicago, v. 611; in
Cincinnati, v. 7 84.
PORO (Poios), island, Greece, XIX. 521.
Poronai, river, Saghalin, East Asia,
XXL 147.
PoROS, island, Greece, XI.X. 521.
Porpezite, mineral, xvi. 383.
Porphyrio, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
PORPHVROGENiTUS, Constautine VIL,
emperor of the East, vi. 301; iv. 613;
XL 145.
Porphyry, Xeoplatonist philoroph^;-,
XVII. 336; his Isagoge, XXI. 419.
' , rock, XIX. 521; .X. 233; specimens
. of, in Venice, XXI v. 149.
I Porpoise, cetacean maninial, xix. 521;
I XV. 398; oil from, xvil. 744.
353
PORPORA, 'Niccola Antonio, Italian
musical composer, xix. 522; xvii. 92.
Porretanus, Gilbertus (Gilbert de la
Porree), scholastic philosopher, x. 592 ;
XXI. 423.
Porridge, of oatmeal, xvii. 696.
PORRUAH, ancient town, India, x. 1 1 5.''
Porsena, Lars, Etruscan king, viii.
635; XX. 735; his tomb, 11. 414.
PORSON, Richard, EngUsh scholar, xix.
522.
Porta, Eaccio della, Italian painter,
HI. 194; XX. 275.
, Giambattiata della, Italian scientist,
XIX. 625; I. 70.
Port Adelaide, town. South Australia
I. 151; XXII. 284.
Portadown, town, Ireland, xix. 526.
PoRT.^L, Antoine, French anatomist, I.
816.
PORTALIS, Jean Etienne Marie, French
jurist, XIX. 526.
Porta Pray a, to-wn, Cape Verd Islands,
V. 52.
Portarlington, town, Ireland, xx.
171.
Port au Prince, town, Hayti, xix. 526.
Port Blair, town, Andaman Islands,
Indian Ocean, HI. 802.
Port Clarence, town, Fernando Po.
West Africa, IX. icx).
Portcullis, in architecture, 11. 470.
Port Darwin, town, Falkland Islands,
IX. 14.
Port Elizabeth, town. Cape Colony,
South Africa, XIX. 527.
Portents, in magic, xv. 202.
Porter, beverage, iv. 275; adultera-
tions of, I. 172.
, Anna Maria, English novelist,
XIX. 527.
, David, American naval officer,
XXIII. 760.
, Jane, English novelist, XIX. 527.
, Sir Robert Ker, English traveller,
XIX. 527.
Port Glasgow, tow-n, Scotland, xix.
527.
Port Hope, town, Ontario, Canada,
XIX. 528.
PORTHOUSE, Tliomas, inventor of flax-
spinning apparatus, xiv. 664.
PORT HURO.v, town, Michigan, U.S.A..
XIX. 528.
PORTICI, town, Italy, XIX. 528.
Portico, in architecture, II. 470.
PoRTicus xn. Deorum, at Rome,
XX. 820.
Porticus Octavi^., Rome, xx. 827.
Port Jackson, harbour. New South
Wales, xxil. 806.
Port Jervis, town, New York, U.S.A.,
.XIX. 528.
Portland, to«Ti, Now Brunswick,
XVIL 374; XXI. 172.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., XIX. 52S.
, to\vn, Oiegoii, U.S.A., XIX. 529.
XXV. - 45
364
P 0 R — P 0 ,T
Portland, First Earl of, British general,
XIX. 530.
, Third Duke of, British statesman,
XIX. 530; viii. 363.
, Isle of, Dorset, England, XIX.
530.
Cement, iv. 459; v, 328- vi. 243;
quarries of, VII. 371.
Vase, The, x. 649; ^Vedgn-oorfs
copy of, XXIV. 476.
PORTLAW, town, Ireland, XXIV. 401.
Port Lokko, town, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, XXII. 45.
Port Louis, town, France, xv. 4.
Port Louis, town, Mauritius, xv. 640.
Port Lvttelton, town. New Zealand,
XIX. 530.
Port Mahon, town, Minorca, xix. 531.
Port Marly, village, France, xv. 558.
Portmoak Priory, Kinross-shire,
Scotland, xiv. 92.
Porto Alegre, to\Tn, Brazil, xix. 531.
Porto BellO, town, Colombia, South
America, XIX. 531 ; capture of, by
Vernon (1739), XXIV. 170.
Portobello, town, Scotland, xix.
531-
Porto Cale, district, Portugal, xix.
539-
PORTOCARRERO, Cardinal, Spanish poli-
tician, XXII. 335.
Porto d'Anzio, village, Italy, li. 138.
Porto dos Cazaes (Porto Alegre),
town, Brazil, XIX. 531.
Porto Empedocle, town. Sicily, x.
623.
Porto Farina, town, Tunis, IX. 34.
Porto Ferrajo, town, Elba, Italy,
VII. 825.
Port of Spain, town, Trinidad, West
Indies, XXIII. 573.
Porto Grande, town Cape Vcrd
Islands, v. 52.
Porto Maurizio, town, Italy, xix.
532.
Porto Novo, state, Dahomey, Africa,
VI. 764, 766.
Porto Rico, island. West Indies, xix.
532.
Porto Santo, island, Madeira, xv.
iSi.
Porto Torres, town, Sardinia, xxi.
316.
Portpatrick, town, Scotland. XXIV.
563-
Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia,
XV.' 835.
Portree, town, Skyo, Scotland, xxii.
127.
Port Royal, Cistercian abbey, France,
XIX. 533 ; Jansenists of, XIV. 867;
writers of, IX. 661; Pascal's connexion
with, xvin. 334.
Port Royal, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., XXII. 287.
Port Royal, town, Jamaica, West
Indies, XIX. 533.
Port Royal, town, Martinique, West
Indies, IX. 420.
Port Royalists, or Jansenists (q.v.),
XIX. 533.
PORTRUSH, town, Ireland, Electric tram-
way at, XXIII. 495.
Ports, Law of, xi. 471; in relaiion to
yachts, xxiv. 725.
Port Said, town, Egypt, xix. 534.
Portsea, part of Portsmouth, England,
XIX 534.
Portsmouth, town, England, xix. 534;
dockyard, VII. 313, 318; naval college,
XVII. 263.
, to-wn, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
XIX. 535.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xix. 535.
, tovt-n, Virginia, U.S.A., xix. 535.
"ortucalensis Terra, district, Por-
tugal, XIX. 539.
Portugal, xix. 536; invasion of, by
Napoleon I., XVII. 213; D'om Miguel's
pretensions to throne of, XVI. 290;
united with Spain, xxii. 329; sepa-
rated from Spain, XXII. 332; Welling-
ton's campaigns in, XXIV. 495; academy
of sciences, I. 73; army, II. 614; birds,
XVIII. 17; coins, XVII. 655; colonics,
I. 710; VI. 159; first settlement of
Brazil by, iv. 228; settlements in Asia,
II. 701; in Africa, I. 269, 272; in India,
XII. 796; forests, IX. 403; .Jews in,
XIII. 6S5; language, XXII. 351; XIV.
341; libraries, XIV. 532, 549; mines,
XVI. 469 ; newspapers, XVII. 431 ;
observatories, XVII. 713; oyster cul-
ture, XVIII. 108; periodical literature,
XVIII. 543; prison system, XIX. 761;
railways, XX. 251 ; wine industry,
XXIV. 607.
Portugalete, Bolivia, Silver-mines of,
IV. 13.
Portugal Laurel, tree, xiv. 348.
P0RTUOUE.JE Language, xix. 555 ;
XIV. 341; XX. 668; XXIL351; diction-
aries of, VII. 186.
PORTUGUESE LiTER.ATURE, XIX. 555.
PORTULACA, genus of plants, XX. n6.
PORTUNUS, Roman divinity, XVII. 345
PORTUS iTius, town, Gaul, xiii. 517.
PORTUS MaGONIS, ancient town, Bale-
aric Islands, XIX. 531.
PORTUS Pisanus CTaganrog), ancient
town, Russia, XXIII. 21.
Port Vendres, town, France, XX. 128.
Port Victori.s Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, XXI. 726.
Port Wine, xxiv. 607 , xvii. 795 ;
adulteration of, I. 173.
Porus, Indian king, XIX. 558; XII.
706, 787; XVIII. 586.
Porvetchie, town, Russia, XXII. 183.
PORZ.ANA, genus of birds, XX. 223.
Posaune, musical instrument, XXIII.
586.
PoscHiAVO, district, Valtellina, Switzer-
land. XXIV. 45.
Poseidon, Greek god (the Roman Nep-
tune), XIX. 558; XVIII. 468; XXII!.
294; temple cf, at PsstUm, xviii. 133
Posen, province and town, Prussia,
XIX. 559.
POSETS, mountain, Pyrenees, XX. 155.
Posgam, town, Turkestan, XXIV. 7:^.
POSHEKHONIE, town, Russia, XXIV. 731.
Posidonia, town, Italy, xviii. 132.
POSIDONIUS, Stoic philosopher, XIX.
560; XXII. 572; on the circumference
of the globe, X. 176; XX. 92; Strabo
on, XXII. 582.
PosiLLiPO, Grotto of, Naples, xvii. 188.
POSITU'E, photographic print, XVIII.
824.
Positivism, Comte's philosophy, vi.
234; in its economic aspects, xix.
390; Littr^'s contributions to, xiv.
, Feuerbach's, IX. 123.
POSONIUM (Pressburg), ancient town,
Hungary, xix. 709.
POSOSHKOFF, Ivan, Russian political
economist, XIX. 388; XXI. 105.
POSSESSION, In law, XIX. 560; XXIII.
596.
PossNECK, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
Postage Stamps, xix. 585, 588.
Postal Annuities and Life Assur-
ance, XIX. 574.
Postal Notes, xix. 572.
Postal System, Rowland Hill's re-
forms of, XI. 818 ; ancient Roman
(angaria), II. 26. See also Post-Officc.
Postal Telegraphs, xix. 574.
Postal Union, International, xix.
584.
PosthomericA- of Quintus Smyrnpeus,
XX. 188.
Postin, dressed sheepskin of Afghani-
stan, I. 234.
Post-Office, xix. 562. •
Savings Banks, xxi. 328.
Post-Tertiary Deposits, in geology,
X. 365.
Postulates, in mathematics, in. 159.
Postulation, in Roman law, XX. 683.
Postumus, Gallic king, xxiv. 223.
Post Work, in architecture, II. 470.
Posy Rings, xx. 561.
Potala, palace temple, Lhasa, Tibet,
XIV. 500, 502.
Potamochcerus, genus of ungulate
mamnials, XXII. 774.
POTAMOGALID.t, family of insectivorous
manmials, xy. 404.
Potash, potassium oxide, xix. 588; a^;
a flux, XVI. 62; as manure, I. 353;
XV. 509; nitrate of, xvii. 518; sail--
of, XVIII. 92; XXIII. 69.
Potassium, chemical element, XIX.
5S8; V. 524; as plant food, XIX. 49.
Ferrocyanide, v. 555.
Potato, xix. 593; xii. 2S6; I.itroduc-
• tion of, into England, I. 299; culture
of, I. 364; in Ireland, XIII. 269, 270
P 0 T — P R A
355
Potato, Sweet, xix. 597; Xxrv. 72?.
Beetle, insect, vi. 134.
Disease, i. 304, 364; ix. 830;
xviii. 266; xix. 596.
Starch, xxii. 456.
Potchefstroom, tovm, Transvaal,
xxiii. 51S.
Potemkin, Gregory Alexandrovich,
Russian statesman, XIX. 598.
POTENGi, river, Brazil, XX. 563.
POTENTIA (Potenza), ancient tonii,
Itt.ly, XV. 38; XIX. 598,
POTENTIAL, in electricity, VIII. 25; in
clectromeignetisin, viii. 67; in magnet-
ism, XV. 228, 231.
Function, Laplace's formula, Xiv.
303-
POTENTILLA,"plaut, XII._ 259.
POTENTITE, nitro-glycerin explosive,
XVII. 521.
.Potenza, province, Italy, lif. 420;
town, XV. 38; XIX. 598.
PCTGIETER, Everhard Johannes, Dutch
Arriter, xn. 98.
— , Hermann, Boer leader, Transvaal,
XXIII. 519.
POTI, town, Transcaucasia, Russia, XIX.
598; XXIII. 514.
POTID.E.^, town, Macedonia, XV. 138.
PoTiN, base metal, XVII. 630.
POToaci, Waclaw, Polish poet, XIX.
302.
Potomac, river. United States, xix.
599; XV. 603.
POTOROO, rat-kangaroo, Xlll. 840.
Potosi, town, Bolivia, Xix. 599; silver-
mines of, IV. 13.
Potsdam, town, Prussia, xix. 599 ;
observatory at, XVII. 713..
POTSTONE, mineral, XVI. 414.
Pott, Friedrich August, on comparative
philology, XVIII. 781.
, Johann Heinriah, on alum, I. 643.
Pott.wvattaMies, American-Indian
tribe, xil. 831.
Potter, Cipriani, musician, xvil. 95.
, Dirk, Dutch writer, XII. 91.
, Humphrey, improver of the steam-
engine, XXtl. 474.
, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
XIX. 600.
, Paul, Dutch painter, XIX. 600.
, Richord, improver of the flute,
XXIII. 520.
Potteries, The, Staffordshire, England,
XXIL 442.
Potter's Stone, .'. 439.
Potter's Wheel, yix. 601, 607, 625.
Pottery, earthen wa.-e, xix. 600; glid-
ing of, x. 594; pyron.etry applied to,
XX. 133; archaeological, 11. 348, 353,
359. 3H ; As.syrian, III. 189, 190 ;
Indian, xii. 763; Japanese, xiil. 590;
Palissy's, xvill. 186; Wedgwood's
manufacture cf, XXIV. 476.
POTTINGER, Sir Henry, his treaty with
China, v. 651.
Potto, lemur, XIV. 4.J3.
POTTSTOWN, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XIX. 643.
Pott'sville, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XIX. 644.
PoTUMAYO, river. South America, vi.
r53-
POUCE, mountain, Mauritius, XV. 639.
POUGHKEEPSIE, town. New York,
U.S.A., XIX. 644; convention at(i788),
XI. 413-
POUGUES, spa, France, XVL 433.
PouLS, people, Senegambia,^ West
Africa, xxi. 662.
Poultry, xix. 644; ix. 491; breeding
and management of, I. 401; parasites
of, XV III. 260.
Pound, enclosure, xix. 648.
, standard weight, xxiv. 480.
— <—, Silver, of twenty solidi, xvil. 653,
655.
Poundage, tax, ix. 178; xxiii. 443.
POUNGDE, to\vn, Burmah, XIX. 807.
POUSHKIN, Alexander, Russian poet,
XIX. 648; x.xi. 107.
PoussiN, Gaspar, French painter, xix.
.650.
• , Nicolas, French painter, xix. 649:
XXI. 440.
Pout, fish, xix. 65b.
PoviNDAHS; Afghan traders, I. 234.
POWAN.'fish, XIX. 650; XXI. 223.
Powder Mills, xi. 324.
Powell, Mary, wife of Milton, XVI.
3=9-
Power, Locke on the idea of, xiv. 760.
, Margaret, countess of Blessington,
III. 825.
Loom, xxi v. 465; invention of,
V. 166; weaving by, vi. 500.
OF Attorney, in law, in. 62.
Powers, of numbers, 11. 532.
, Hiram,- American sculptor, xix.
650; XXI. 570.
Powh.^tan, Indian chief, X.XII. 175.
PowHATTANS, North -American Indians,
I. 690. •
Poyang, lake, Cliina, v. 632.
POYAS, Indi^i tribe, Honduras, xil.
131-
Poyning's Law, Ireland, xxii. 470.
Pozharski, Prince. Russian leader,
XXI. 95.
PozsONY (Pressburg, a.v.), town, Hun-
gary, XIX. 709.
Pozuzu, river, Peru, XVIII. 673.
Pozzo di Borgo, Carlo Andrea, Corsi-
can politician and Rus-sian diplo-
matist, XIX. 650; XVII. 193.
POZZUOLANA, volcanic cement, IV. 459.
PozzuoLi, town, Italy, xix. 651; xvii.
iSS.
Pra, river, Rus-sia, xxi. 115.
Practice, in arithmetic, i:. 535.
PR.VDE, Eugene de, abbot if Darfeld,
XXIII. 524.
Prades, toMTi, France, xx. 12S."
Pradier, James, French sculptor, xix.
651; XXI. 564.
Pradon, Nicolas, French dramatist,
XX. 207.
Praed, 'Winthrpp Mackworth, English
critic and poet, xix. 651.
Prefect, Roman officer, XIX. 652.
Pr«lectiones, of Bishop Lowth, xv. 30.
PRffii.iONSTR,\TENSlANS, order of
monks, xvi. 709; abbey of, ;. 20.
Pra-munientes Clause, in convo-
cation writ, v;.' 325.
Praemunire, in law, xix. 053; xxiii.
528.
PRiENESTE (i'alestrina), ancient town,
Italy, XIX. 654.
Calendar, ix. 43.
PRiEnestine Lots, oracle at Prseneste,
xix. 654.
-PR./EPOSITUS, Nicolaus, mediaeval writer
on medicine, xv. 806.
PR.ESCRIPTI0, in Roman law, XIX. 704.
pR/ETEXT.4, in Roman drama, vil. 410.
PR.ETOR, Roman magistrate, XIX. 655,
S85; XX. 73S, 771.
PRvEtorian Ca;.!p, Rome, xx. 828.
PR.ETORIANS, Roman emperor's body-
guard, XIX. 656.
PRjEtorium, Roman military head-
quarters, XIX. 656.
Pr.«tokius, Michael, German musical
composer, xix. 656.
Prag, (Prague, q.v.), Bohemia, XIX. 657V
pRAGA, suburb of Warsaw, Poland,
XXIV. 376.
Pragm.\tic Sanctions, xix. 657; in.
127; VL 241; X. 4cp, 502; of Bourges,
IX. 550; of Charles VI^, IX. 585;
XXII. 338; of St Louis, IX. 543; XIX.
501.
Prague, capital of Bohemia, xix. G57;
Four Ai-ticles of (1420), xn. 407; pc;',ce
of (1866), III. 140; l.x. 625; X. 511;
libraries, XIV. 547; obse^^■atory, XVII.
713; university, XXlli. 839, 841, 846.
Praguerie, league, France, ix. 550;
XV. 18.
Pr.\kkan, suburb of Melbourne, Vic-
toria, Australia, XIX." Gjg; XV. 836.
Prairie Dog, xv. 560.
Prairie-Lark, bird, xix. 112.
Prairies, of North America, xxin
810.
Prajapati, Branman divinity, IV. 206.!
Prakrit, Sanskrit dialects of India,
XIX. "659; XI. 841; XXI. 269, 2'85;
dictionaries of, VII. igi.
Pram, Christen Hendriksen, Scandi-
navian poet, XIX. 655.
Prapfi, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
Prase, mineral, xvi. 389.
PR-ISCOLITE, mineral, XVL 418.
PRASIA6, lake, Macedonia, xv. 137.
Praslin, island, Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, XXL 725.
Pratabgash (P.i.rta'jigarh), district,
Lidia, KVill. 328.
35G
P H A
P il J
I'RATliNSIs, Jodocus (Joscjuin Depres),
Flemish musical cu-.njioso'. vii. loi;
XVII. Sj; xvni. i8o
Prater, park, Vicnua, xxiv. 221.
Hratincola, genus of birds, XIX. 659
XXIV. 53
Pratincole, liird, xix. 1159.
Prato, town, Italy, XIX. 660; pict'oj'es
ill, XXI. 447
Pratt, diaries, Eail CVrndeu, iv. 735.
Prawn, ciustaeeaii, vi. 045, 05/, ^;;J
S47; fisheries, IX. 265.
Praxagoras of Cos, aimtoniist, 1. hoi.
Praxiteles, Greek sculptor, xix. 65o
II. 360; xviii. S53.
Prayer, xiv. 695; iu relation to vows,
xxiv. 300; Stoic theory of, xxil. 569.
Book, of Engli.sh Church, viii.
33S, j40; XIV., 10; revision of, V]
328.
Books, Jewish, xv. 292.
Prayer-Thongs, or Phylacteries, xix
Praying Mantis, insect, xv. 503.
Preaching, Hoiniletic, xii. 125.
' Friars, or Mendicant Friars, Con-
vents of, I. 21.
Preanger, residency, Java, (III. 606.
Prebendary, ecclesiastical otncer, v
228.
Precedence, of rank or place, xix. 66c
Preceptory, in architecture, II. 471.
Precession, in tides, xxiii. 361.
OF THE Equinoxes, 11. 750, 762;
794-
Precieuses, -»aris literarj cnierii, xx.
264.
Ridicules Moliere's piay, xvi
627
Precious Metals, xvi. 724; lalsiHca-
(ion of, I. 176; their relation to value, ■
XXIV. 51. See also Gold and Silvei
Precision Balance, hi. 263.
PREr)ESTlN.\TiON, in theology, xix-
668; St Paul's doctrine of, xvm. 427;
Suarez on, XXII. 616.
Predictions, Astrological, 11. 742. |
Pre-emption, in law, xxi. 209.
Prefect, or Prrefect, Roman of^cer
XIX. 652. I
Pregnancy, in medical jurieprudeiice I
XV. 779; concealment of, xill. 4; sub-
jective impressions duiiug, XVI. 765.
Prehistoric Man, ii. 341. I
Prehnite, mineral, xvi. 424. I
Preller, Friedrich. German painter.
xix."67i I
, Ludwig, German writer, or clasj-
ical mythology, xix. ^71. |
Prelude. The, Wordsworth's lown.
XXIV. 668.
. KEMIER, or frime Jlinislu Britisli '
XVI. 472.' list of Britisi; i,»>;..uers. •
VIII. 368 ~ *
Fremisses, in logic, XIV. 76^. |
PREJ'IHM T^"-,. insurance, xiii. 163,
a65; life assurance, xiii. 172, 179. I
Premonstratensian Canons, i. .;.>.-
XVI. 709.
Premysl, founder of Bohemian dynasty,
III. S60.
Prenadilla, nsh, xxii. 68.
I'RENZLAU, town, Prussia, XIX. 672.
Prepositions, in grammar, xi. 41.
PkeradovIc, Peter, Servian poet, >XI.
691.
Pre-Raphaelitism, ill poetry am; art.
XX. 857; -XXI. 44-
Prerau, town, M(.ravia, xix. 672.
Prerogative, in law, xix. 672.
Fresburg, or Pressburg (q.r.), Savti,
Hungary, xix. 709.
Presbyopia, defect of the eye, xvii.
785; spectacles for, XXII. 373.
Presbyter, church olhcer, xix. 674?
724; viii. 4S4.
, Anonynius, early Servian writer.
XXI. 689.
Presbyterian Churches, Servic- in,
Xiv. 711.
Presbvterianism, xix. 676; itsestah
lishment in Scolland, XXI. 503, 50S.
51S; Milton'.s rclalions to, XVi. 330.
Presbyterian Organization, in
apostolic times, v. 700.
Presbytery, in architecture, 11. 471.
PreSCOT, town, Englauil, XIX. 702.
Prescott, William Hickling, .\mericaii
historian, XIX. 702; I. 723
Prescription, in Ia\^ xix. 704; xiv.
650.
Present, Psychological presentation of
the, XX. 64.
Presentation, in psychology, xx.
41.
, to a beiielice, XX. 158.
— - OF B. V. .Mary, Festival of. xv.
592.
"resern. Francis, Slovenian poet, XXII,
150.
Preserved Food, xix. 707.
Preserves, eye protectors, xxii. 372.
, of fruit, XIII. 564.
President, United Staie.-=, OtHce of,
XXIII. 750; veto of, XXIII. 749; XXI7
,207; list of piesick-uls, XX HI. 787.
President of the Council, England,
XX 11. <;i;
Presova tEperies),town, Hungary, viii.
457-
Presque Isle, Lake Erie, North
America, xxili. 734.
Press, Libertyof the, in Enguind ('695),
VIII. 352; Milton on the, XVL 330.
See Press Law-s.
, News]iapei-, XVII. 41:.
— Associ.-iTiON, London, xvn. u-;.
I'RESSBURG, lown, Hungary, XIX. 709;
libraries, xiv. 547; treaty cf (1S05V
III. 133: IX. 615; XVII. 2ia
PressE, La, Paris newspaper, f.\ii
426.
Presser, Land, agricultural inipk-meui
;. 3Jq.
I Presshefe, German veast. xxiv 734.
I Press Laws, xix 710: ^vii ^,0
Press Machine.^ rnntmy xxiii.
704.
Pressure, Physical theory of action of,
XIX. 2.
— — Gauge, xv. 494.
PREST, Godfred, English sculptor, xxi.
559-
Preste-LES-Bains. spa, france, XX.
128.
Prester John, of mediaeval writers.
XIX. 714; I. 65; XVL 745
PRESTIDICITATIOX, or Sleiglil ot lliii.a.
XIV. 414; XV. 207.
Preston, town, England, xix. 71;-'
PreSTONPANS, Scotland, BatlK of
'(i745)> V. 426; viii. 355; XXI. 526.
Prestwich, town, England, XIX. 719.
Pretender (Charles Edward Siuail)
V. 426; VIII. 355; XXI. 520; XXII. 610.
(James Stuart'), .Mil. 560; X.XI i;2o:
XXII. 610.
Pretoria, town, fi-ansvaalj xxiii. 518.
Pretorius, AnlTi-ius, boer chief. Soulh
Africa, xxiil. 519.
Pretyman, George, tutor of Pilt,.Xl.\l
135
Prevesa, town. Turkey in Europe, XIX.
^19.
Prevost, Hipijolyte, Vv^wh ,i^nv-
\ grajdier, XXI. 841.
I ' , Pieire, Swiss sciential, .xix. 7iy;
I on radiation of heal, XX. 213, 214
o'ExiLLES, Antoiiie Francois,
-i<rtnch novelist, XIX. 719.
PrevOst-Paradol. Lucien Anatole.
French writer, xix. 720.
Priam, of Gieek legend, XXIIL 578.
PriaPus, of Greek mythology xi.\.
720; XIV. 250.
Pribram, town, Bohemia, xix. 720.
Price, in economics, xxiv. 46; law re-
lating to, iXXl. 205; theories of, xix.
356; quotations of, or price list.<=, XXII.
465.
, J. E., on ancient London, XIW
S<it.
, Richard, English philosopher, XIX.
721; his system of morals, VIII. 603.
Prichard, Janici Cowles, English
ethnologist, XIX. 722; on the natura'
history of man, II. 107, 109.
Prickly Pear, iv. 626.
Pride, fish, xiv. 249
, Thomas Parliameiitary otiicep
XIX. 723.
and Prejudice, Jane .iusiena
novel. III. 101.
PRIDEAUX, Humi>hrev Engli.sh .ihuu-
logian, XIX. 723.
Pride of India, tree, .win. 519.
Pride's Purge, iu EngUsli history, vin..
347; xi.x. 723.
Priessnitz, Viuceii;!, hyul yjju'-liiti. in
438; Xii. ,42.
■PRIt^T, XIX. -J4 ; in Israel, in. 634;
XIII. 419: XIV. 488; xviii. 510; in
orders of Konian Catholic Church,
xviii. 820; in Greek Church, XI. 159.
See also XXI. 132.
, High, Jen-ish, XVlii. 510; Xiv.
4S8; XXII. 812.
Priestley, Joseph, English scientist and
theologian, XIX. 730; XXIII. 726; his
chemical discoveries, v. 462 ; his place
in English literature, viii. 432; his
unpopularity iu Birmingham, III. 786.
Priesxlv Code, of the Pentateuch.
XVIII. 506, 510.
Priest's Tithes, xxiii. 41 1.
Prieur, Barthelemy, French sculntor,
XXI. 563.
Prignani, Bartolonimeo (Pope Urban
VI.), XXIV. 8.
Prigorod, dependent municipality,
Russia, XX. 36.
Priujki, towa, Kussia, xix. 410.
Prim, Juan, Spanish statesman, xi.\.
-32; XXII. 346.
Primary Rocks, in geology, x. 328.
Pri.MATE, in ecclesiastical Iiierarchy,
XIX. 733.
Primates, order of Mammalia, II. 108;
xv„444.
Prime, card game, xix. 282.
Minister, British, iv. 619; xvi.
473-
Movers, in mechanics, .w. 772.
PrimeSv or Prime -Numbers, Tables of,
xxiii. 7.
Primitive Marri.vce, J.F.M'Lennan's
work on, xv. 162.
Primitive Methodism, xvi. 192.
Primogeniture, xix. 733; in Roman
law, XX. 673.
Primrose, plant (genus Primnla), xix.
737; XII. 252, 259, 264.
Prince, title, xix. 738; xxm. 418.
— - Charles's Foreland, Spitz-
bergen, xxil. 408.
Edward Island, province uf
Canada, XIX. 739.
OF Wales, title, xix. 739.
OF Wales Island, ot Penang,
Malay Peninsula, XIX. 741 ; xxn. 587.
OF Wales Island, York Pen-
insula, Australia, XIX. 741.
OF Wales Land, North America,
XIX. 742.
Princes Islands, Sea of Marmora,
XIX. 742.
Princess, title, xix. 738.
Princeton, town, Xew Jei-sey, U.S.A.,
XIX. 742; college, XXIII. 857; xviii.
397; XIX. 697; XXIV. 732; libraries,
XIV. 551; observatory, xvii. 715.
Princetown, to\vn, Prince Edwai-d
Island, XIX. 740.
Principal and .'^gent, Law of, i. 280.
I'RINCIPATE, the Roman, XX. 769.
Principe, II, JIachiavelU's treatise, xv.
149.
T R r — P R o
Principia, Sir Isaac Newton's treatise,
XVII. 444.
Philosophic, Descartes's work,
VII. 120.
Pringle, Sir John, Scottish physician,
XIX. 742; XV. 815.
Prinkipo, island. Sea of Mai'mora, Xix.
742.
Prinsep, James, on Indian inscriptions,
xiii. 118.
Prinsep's Alloys, Fusing point of, xx.
133-
Prinsterer, Wilhtihii Groeu van,
D-utch statesman and historian, XI.
206.
Printing, x.xiii. 681, 697; invention
of, fn China, V. 662; Fust's connexion
with invention of, in Europe, IX. 853;
Gutenberg's, XI. 336; influence of its
invention on English literature, viii.
413; of the Aldine press, XV. 512; for
tlie blind. III. 827; by the Estiemio
family, XXII. 534; lithographic, XIV.
700; monopoly of, XIX. 711; photogra-
phic, XVIII. 830; introduced into Rus-
sia,'XXI. 104; early specimens of, HI.
652; Milton on the liberty of, xvi. 330.
, Calico, IV. 684.
Office, Departments of a, xxm.
710.
Paper, Sizes of, XVIII. 226.
Prints, Cleaning of, iii. 821.
Priodon, genus of edentate mammals,
XV. 387.
Prionotelus, genus of birds, xxm.
584.,
Prior, Matthew, English poet, XIX. 743.
Priory, monastery, i. 10.
Prisca, Montauist prophetess, xvi.
775-
Priscian, Latin grammarian, XIX. 743.
Priscilli.\n, Spanish heretic, XIX. 746.
Priscillv^NISTS, Spanish heretical
sect, XIX. 746 ; Martin of Tours's
entreaties for-them, xv. 582.
Prisdra, or Prisdren (Prisrend), town,
Roumelia, Turkey, XIX. 764.
Prishtina, towii, European Turkey,
XIX. 746.
Prism, its action in relation to light,
XIV. 591, 612; XVII. 800; XXIV. 427,
436; use of, for lighthouses, xiv. 619,
622; measurement of, X. 3S7; xvi. 22;
for spectacles, XXII, 372 ; use of, in
spectroscopy, XXII. 373, crystalline,
XVI. 347, 358, 360, 361; polarizing,
invented by Nicol, XVii. 4S9.
Prism \tic Gunpowder, xi. 329.
Prismatic System, of crystals, xvi.
359-
Prism.\T0ID, Mensuration of, xvi. 23.
Prison Discipline, xix. 747; diet in,
VII. 211; reformatory schools, XX. 338.
Prison Reform, Fliedner's labours for,
IX. 307; Mrs Fry's, IX. 805; Howaid's,
XII. 320.
Prisons, xix. 747; military, 11. 587.
357
Prisrend, town, Roumelia. Turkey,
XIX. 764; I. 448.
Pristin.a, or Prishtina, town, Eui-opeau
Turkey, XIX. 746.
Pristis, genus of fishes, XX. 299
Pristiurus, genus of shaiks, xxi. 775.
Pritchard, Charles, his method- of
stellar photometry, XV! 11. 841.
Prithiwi-Naravana, king of Nepal.
XVII. 344
Prithwtraj, Hindu king, xi. 843.
Fritter, to\vn, WoUiu, Prussia," ;tx n-.
633.
Privas, town, Fi-ance, 11. 479.
Privateer, Privateering, xix. 764;
IV. 409; XIII. 194.
Privet, shrub, xix. 764; xiv. 640.
Privilege, in law, xix. 76a; m
libel cases, XIV. 506.
Privy Council, British, xix. 765;
judicial committee of, II. 209;
precedence of, XIX. 662 ; Temple's
reform of, xxm. 172.
Privy Councillor, Title of, xxm.'
418.
Privy-Seal, Keeper of, England, xxii.
458.
Prize, of war, xix. 766.
Court, xix. 767.
Money, xix. 767; distribution of,
in British navy, xvii. 298.
Probabilism, in casuistry, v. 204; xiv.
636.
Probability, Mathematical theory of,
XIX. 768; I. 560; Laolace's theory of,
XIV. 304.
Probate, of a mil, xxiv. 572.
Problem, Geometrical, defined, xix.
5 ■9-
of Three Bodies, in »stronomy,
II. 759.
Problems, Indeterminate, in algebra,
I- 554-
Probolingo, town, Java, xiii. 606.
''ROBOSCIDEA, suborder of - mammals,
.-cv. 423.
Probus of Antioch, Syriac writer, XXII.'
831.
, Marcus Atirelius, Roman emperor,'
XIX. 789.
, Valerius, Roman grammarian,
XVIII. 662.
Procambium, in nlant development,
XII. 15.
Procedure, Judicial, Rules of, xiv.
358; in Roman law, XX. 707, 711.
Proceedingsof the Royal Society;
of London, XXI. 39.
Process, in law, xix. 789
Blocks, for printing, xxm. 704.
Professions, Religious, xiv. 695.
Procida, island, Italy, xix. 789; xiii.
440; XVII. 188.
, John of, Sicilian liberator, v.
423.
Procla, or Procula, Claudia, wife ol
Pilate. XIX. 89.
358
P R O — P R 0
ProCLUS, bisiop of Cjrzicus, his rela-
tions to Nestorianisiii, XVII. 353.
, Neoplatonist philosopher, XVII.
338; on porisms, XIX. 519.
Procne, Myth of, xvii. 499.
Proconsul, Roman magistrate, vi. 315;
XIX. 655, SS5; XX. 746.
Proconsul.\re Imperium, Roman,
XX. 769.
Procopius, Roman historian, xix. 789;
his attacks on the empress Theodora,
XXIII. 253.
, Andreas, Hussite leader, XIX. 792.
PrOCOPOVich, Feofane, Russian educa-
tionist, XXI. 105.
Procrustes, of Greek legend, xix.
559; XXIII. 294.
Procter, Adelaide Anne, English
poetess, XIX. 792.
, Bryan Waller, English poet, xix.
792.
Proctor, meanings of the term, XIX.
792; university officer, XXIIl. 835.
Proculians, Roman jurists, xiv. 164.
Procurator-Fiscal, Scottish law
officer, XIX. 792.
Procyon, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 441; XX. :o2.
Prodicus of Ceos, Greek philosopher,
XIX. 792; XXII. 264.
Prodigies, vii. 293; xv. 201.
Prodotiscus, genus of birds, xil.
140.
pRODROMUS, Theoaorus, Greek ■WTiter,
XI. 145, 148.
ProductiD/E, family of Brachiopoda,
IV. 195.
Production, Cost of, in economic-,
XXIV. 48.
Proedria, at Olympia, Greece, xvu.
769.
Profane Swearing, xvii. 701.
Profit, in economics, xxiv. 49; taxes
on, X.XIII. 87; Adam Smith's views of,
XIX. 367.
and Loss, Calculation of, II. 536.
Prognosis, in medicine, xv. Soo
Prognostications, in almanacs, i.
591; meteorological, XVI. 15S.
Progreso, town, Yucatan, Central
Araerica, XXIV. 758.
Progression, in algebra, i. 536.
Progress of the Soul, Donne's work,
vii. 364.
Prohibition, in hw, xix. 793.
Liquor L.\ws, xi. 20; xiv. 688.
Projectiles, laT\-s of their flight, xxii.
47; motion of, XI. 68; path of, xv.
683> 707; stability of rotation of, XII.
457; Telocity of, XI. 301.
Projection, in mathematics, xix. 793;
X. 38S.
of the Sphere, on maps, x.
201; Mercator's, XV. 52a
Projections, Parallel, of figures, xv.
751-
Prologues, Dramatic, vii. 392.
I Prome, district, Burman, xix. 806 :
to\vn, XIX. 807.
Promerops, genus of birds, XX. 553;
XXII. 652.
Promessi Sposi, Manzoni's novel, xill.
515-
Prometheus, of GreeK mythology,
XIX. 807; XXIV. 782.
, jEschylus's drama, I. 209.
Unbound, by Shelley, xxi. 793.
Promise of Marriage, xv. 566;
breach of, xxiv. 643.
Pro.morpi^logy, branch of morpho-
logy, XVI. 843.
Pronaos, in architecture, II. 471.
Prongbuck, antelope, II. 102.
Pronsk, town, Russia, XXI. 116.
PR0NUNCI.\TI0N, XVIII. 782, 787; XXII.
381.
Prony, Gaspard Clair Francois Riche
de, French engineer, XIX. 808; on the
velocity of running water, XII. 437
Pronya, liver, Russia, XXI. 115.
Proof, in logic, xiv. 790.
, Burden of, in law, Vlll. 742.
Proofs, Printer's, Correcting of, XXIII.
701.
Propaganda, commission of Catholic
missions, XIX. 809.
Propagation, of a wave, xxiv. 424.
Propane, paraffin, xviii. 238, 239.
Propeller, Screw, of ship, xxi. 823.
Propensities, in phrenology, xviii.
S44.
Propertius, Sextus, Roman poet, xix.
Sii; XX. 723; his language and style,
XIV. 335.
Property, Real and Personal, xviii.
664; in land, xiv. 259; communist
Tie^^'s of, VI. 21 1; law of, in relation
to domicile, VII. 352 ; law of in-
heritance of, XIII. 77; in relation to
intestacy, XIII. 198; lights of, in
Roman law, XX. 673, 689, 713; social-
ist views of, XXII. 207.
Prophecy, Newton's works on, xvii.
448; astrological, 11. 742.
Prophet, Prophets, xix. 814, 674;
of Israel, III. 634, 639; XIII. 407,
417.
PROPHfeTE, Le, Meyerbeer's opera, xvi.
Propithecus, genus of lemurs, XIV.
441.
Proportion, in algcbi-a, i. 536; in
arithmetic, 11. 535; in geometry, X.
3S2; statistical, XXII. 465; P)-tha-
gorean theory of, XX. 142.
Propositions, in logic, xiv. 7S8.
Propr^tor, Roman officer, xix. 655,
885.
PROPYLiE.\, in architecture, II. 471;
xvm. 530; of Athens, III. 6: Egyptian,
II. 388; Greek, II. 411.
Propvlite, rock, x. 235.
Prorogation of Parliament, viii.
336; XVIII. 31a
Prose, in relation to poetry, xix. 261.
Proselyte, Je^vish, xix. 823.
Prosenchym.\, tissue in plants, XII. 14.
Proserpine, of Greek mythologj-, xix.
824;.XXin. 296; mysteries of, Vlll.
126.
Prosgenite, mineral, xvi. 399.
Proskuroff, town, Russia, xix. 824,
254-
Proslogion, of Anselm, II. 93.
Prosody, Sanskrit, xxi. 293.
Prosopite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Prospecting, in mining, xvi. 442.
Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian
WTiter, XIX. S24.
Prossnitz, to^vn, Austria, XIX. 825.
Prosthaph^resis, method of calcula-
tion, XVII. 182.
Prostitutes, Police duties in relation
to, XIX. 335.
Protagon, constituent of nerve tissue,
v. 579.
Protagoras of Abdera, Greek sophist,
XIX. 825; XXII. 264; on scepticism,
XXI. 379.
, dialogue of Plato, xix. 196.
Prot.^XONIA, morphological term, XVI.
844.
Protection, of trade, ix. 753; in
United States, XXIII. 754, 761, 776.
Protective Duties, on coinmerce,'ix.
753-
Protectorate, in English history,
VIII. 348.
ProTeids, albmnenoid substances, v.
579; XVII. 674, 676; vegetable, XIX.
54-
Proteles, genus of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 437.
Proteomyxa, class of Protozoa, xix.
8:9-
Protestant Churches, in Europe,
vin. 712.
Protestantknverein, German associ-
ation, xix. S25; X. 500; XXI. I.
Protestant Episcop,\l Church, of
America, viiL 493; xxiIL 829; lit-
urgy of, XIV. 711.
Protestantism, xx. 319; historical
continuity of, xxiv. 322; economic
effects of, XIX. 353; relation of, to
council of Trent, XXIII. 544.
Protestants, xix. 826 ; origin of
name, XV. 80.
Protestant Socialism, xxii. 215.
Protestant Union, of Germany, xix.
825; X. 500; XXL I.
Protesters, of the Scottish Church,
XIX. 683; XXL 514.
Proteus, of Greek mythology, xix.
827.
, Cabinet of, Tobin and Pepper's
spectral illusion, XV. 207.
Anguinus, species of Amphibia,
XIX, 827.
Prothallium, in plant roproduction,
XX. 4-;0.
P R O — P S Y
359
Protista, group of plant •animkl forms,
I. 843; XIX. 832.
Protodrilus, genus o£ worms, xxiv.
684.
Protogenes, Greek painter, xix. 827.
, genus of Protozoii, Xix. 839.
Protonema, germinating organ m
mosses, XVII. 72.
Protophyta, class of plants, in. 693;
XIX. 832.
fROTOPLASM, fundamental form of
living matter, XIX. 828, 12, 21, 43;
1.843; in- 679i ^'"- '^3; ^"- 4' '°i
XVI. 841; XX. 415; XXIV. 816; of
sponge;, XXII. 420; in plants, IV. 84.
Protopterus, genus of fishes, xiv.
468.
Prototheria, subclass of Mammalia,
xv- 371, 377-
Protozoa, loivest grade of the animal
kingdom, XIX. 830; II. 50; embryo-
logy of, XX. 41S; generation of, VIII.
169; skeletal conditions of, XXII. 106;
parasitic forms, xvin. 258; in Lan-
kester's classification, XXIV. 812.
Protracheata, group of Myriapoda,
XVII. 116.
Protractor, surveying insirument,
XXII. 721.
Proud Flesh, xviii. 363.
ProudhoN, Pierre Joseph, French
socialistic writer, XIX. 866; XXII. 216.
Proust, Louis Joseph, French chemist,
v. 464.
ProustitE, mineral, XVI. 395.
PrOUT, Father (Francis Mahony), Irish
Bong-writer and humanist, XV. 2S8.
» , Samuel, English painter, XIX.
867; as lithographic artist, XIV. 701.
•roven^al Laj^guage, XIX. 867; XIV.
340; relation of, to Catalan, XXII.
347; to French, )X. 631; dictionaries
of, VII. 185.
Provencal Literature, xix. 872;
IX. 646; Italian writers of, XIII. 499;
its influence in Portugal, XIX. 555.
i'ROVENCE, old province 01 France, xix.
877.
Proverbs, Book of, in Scripture, xix.
879; III. 639.
Providence, town, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., XIX. 883; XX. 524; founding
of, by Eo^er Williams, XXIV. 587;
libraries, XIV. 551.
Province, Roman, xix. 8S4.
Provincetown Harbour, Massachu-
Eetts, U.S.A., XV. 612.
Province Wellesley, Straits Settle-
ments, Asia, XXII. 586.
Provincial Letters, Pascal's, xviii.
335-
Provins, town, France, XIX. 886.
Provisions of Oxford (1258), xvi.
788.
Provo, town, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 20.
Provocation, in relation to homicide,
■xvii. 53.
PrOvo'CED Wife, A''anbrugh's play,
XXIV. 55.
Pp.oxy, in law, XIX. 792.
Prudentius, Aurelius Clomen.s, Span-
ish Christian poet, XX. i; as hymn-
writer, XII. 582.
PRUD'HOMMtS, Conseils de, France,
XIV. 173; XVIII. 286.
Prud'hon, Pierre, French painter, XX.
I.
Prune, fruit, xix. 230.
Pruning, of .plants, xiL 214, 241.
Prunus, genusof trees, XIV. 348; XVIII.
442; XIX. 230.
Pruritus, skin disease, xxii. 123.
Prus.\ (Broussa), ancient town, Asia
Minor, IV. 383.
Prussi.\, kingdom, Europe, XX. i; dis-
pute with Austria (1848-50), X. 508;
war with Austria (1866), III. 140; IX.
625; Chrirtianization of, :x. 491; war
with France (1870), IX. 626; as leader
of Germany, X. 505; relations with
Kapoleon(i8o5),xvn. 209; Napoleon's
war with (1813), IX. 617; share in
partition of Poland, XIX. 298; under
Stein's ministry, XXII. 530; under
William I., XXIV. 582; Teutonic Order
of Knights in, xxiii. 201; army, n.
595; chronology df, xx. 13; news-
papers, XVII. 429; prison system, XIX.
760.
, Duchy of, Germany, XX. 5, 19.
, East, province of Prussia, XX. 19.
, Rhenish, province of Prussia, XX.
20.
, West, province of Prussia, XX. 20.'
Prussian Blue, vii. 577; xix. 87;
XX. 24.
Prussian Language (Celtic), Diction-
aries of, VII. 188.
Prussians, race of people, Europe, xx.
5; in Lithuania, XI v. 702.
Pruss!.\te of Potash, xx. 22.
Prussic Acid, xx. 21; v. 554; as a
poison, XIX. 278.
Pruth, river, Roumania and Russia,
III. 615; XXI. 14, 73.
Pry, Paul, in English comedy, XIV. 695.
Prybilov Islands, North Pacific,
Birds of. III. 753.
Prynne, William, English political
writer, XX. 25; XVIII. 205; on English
public records, XX. 313.
Prytaneion, at Olympia, Greece, XVII.
769-
Prytanis, GreelTofflcial, XX. 28.
Prytz, Andreas, bishop of Linkoping,
Sweden, XXII. 754.
Przasnysz, town, Russian Poland, xix.
227.
Przedborz, town, Poland, XX. 218.
Przcmvsl, tovm, Austria, XX. 28.
Przemvsl.\w, king of Poland, XIX. 28-'.
Przibram, town, Bohemia, XIX. 720.
Psalmanazar, George, literary adven-
turer, XX. 28.
P¥.\LMS, *o<!k of, XX. 29; HI. 638;
English versions, XII. 589; Marofs
translation, XV. 563.
OF Solomon, ii. 181; xvi. 55.
Psalm Tones (or Tunes), xix. 169.
Psalter, of Scripture, xx. 29; ancient
Polish, XIX. 299; Aldhelm's, vilI. 382;
Schorham's and RoUe's, viii. 383.
(or Psalms) of Solomon, ii. 181;
on the Messiah, xvi. 55.
Psaltery, musical instrument, xx. 34;
XI. 1(89.
Psammetichus, or Psametik, king of
Egypt, VII. 743.
PSAMMlTES, Archimedes's treatise, 11.
38!.
PSAMMOBIA, genus of MoUusca, xvi.
688.
PSAMMOPHID/E, family of snakes, xxii.
192.
PSELLUS, Michael, . Byzantine %vriter,
XX. 35; XL 147.
, Michael Constautine, Byzantine
writer, XX. 35; viii. 192.
Pseudobranchus, genus of Amphibia,
XXII. 97.
PsEUDOCHiRUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, XVIII. 728.
Pseudo-Dionysian Mysticism, xvii.
131.
Pseudo-Martyr, Donne's wort, vii.
364-
Pseudomorphs, metamorpho.sed cryn-
tals, XVI. 371.
Pseudonymous Books, hi. 657.
Pseudonyms, Anagrammatic, i. 791.
PSEUDOPHYLi.iDvE, family of tape-
worms, xxiii. 54.
PSEUDOSCARU.S, genus of fishes, xviii.
324-
PSEUDOSCOPE, Wlieatstone's, xxii.
540.
PsEUDOTRioNvcHiD^, family of chft-
Ionian reptiles, XXIII. 457.
PSIDIUM, genus of trees, XL 242.
PsiLOMELANE, mineral, xv. 479; xvi.
388.
PsiLORiTi, Mount, Crete, VI. 569.
PSITTACI, order of birds, XV. 7, 130.
PsiTTACiNiTE, mineral, xvi. 404.
PsiTTACOMORPH^, group of birds, HI.
714; XVIII. 322.
PSITT.\CULA, genus of birds, XV. 28;
XVIIL 323.
PsiTTACUS, genus of birds, XVII. 354;
XVIII. 323.
PSKOFF, government, Russia, XX. 35;
as a republic, XXI. 89; town, XX. 36.
PSOCID.E, group of insects, XIII. 152.
PSOPHIA, genus of birds, XXIII. 594.
Psoriasis, skin disease, xxii. 123.
PSYCHE, in Greek mythology, vi. 709.
Psychography, spirit-writing, xxil '
405.
Psychology, xx. 37; xviii. 793; as a
basis of anthropological classification,
il. io8; analysis and synthesis applied
360
P S Y — r U L
to, I. 796; in relation to ethics, VIII. 574;
to evolution, viii. 766; to logic, Xiv.
780; to metaphysics, xvi. 88; to phren-
ology, . XVIII. 848; of religion, XXIII.
274, 276; Aristotle's, H. 522; Samuel
Bailey on, III. 242; Beneke's system,
III. 560; Brodie's work on, IV. 359;
Thomas Brown's contributions to, IV.
3S8; of Charron, v. 431; of Condillac,
VI. 251; Cousin on, VI. 525; of Des-
cartes, VII. 126; Hegel's theory, XI.
620; Herbart on, XI. 719; Hume's
theory, XII. 352; of Kant, XIII. 848;
Ireibnitz's contributions to, XIV. 422;
Lewes's conceptions of, XIV. 491; of
Lotze, XV. 14; of Plato, xix. 201; of
Schleiermacher, XXI. 411; of Scho-
penhauer, XXI. 457; Stoic doctrine,
XXII. 565; Xenocrates's system, XXIV.
719-
Psycho-Physics, xxiv. 469.
Ptah, Egyptian deity, IL 173; Vll. 717;
temple of, VII. 773.
Ptarmigan, bird, xi. 222.'-
Pteranodon, fossil reptQe, XX. 87.
Pteria, or Ptcrium, ancient town,
Phrygia, III. 858; xviii. 850.
PTERIDOPHYTA, subkingdom of plants,
111.694; IX. loi; XXIV. 129.
Pterobranchia, division of Polvzoa,
XIX. 434.
Pterocarpus, genus of plants, vii. 389;
XIV. gi; XXI. 256.
Pterocles, genus of birds, XXI. 258.
Pteroclid^i grgup of birds, xvaii. 46.*
Pterodactyle, fossil reptile, xx. 86;
VII. 385.
Pteroglossus, genua of birds,. xxiii..
477-
Pteromys,. genus of rodent mammals,
XXII. 438.
PTEROPODA, branch of MoUusca, XVl.
665.
Pteropodid,^, family of bats, XV. 409.
Pteropod Ooze, of Pacific Ocean,
xviii. 123.
PjEROPTOCHUS, genus of birds, XXIII.
49.
Pteropus, genus of bats, IX.^ 352; XV.
409.
PterOSAURIA, fossil reptile, XX. 87.
Pterotrachea, gfentia of Mollusca, xvi.
654.
Pterygium, disease of the eye, xvii.
780.
Pterylographv, in ornithology, III.
776; XVIII. 26.
Ptiloris, genus of birds, XX. 553.
PtOLEM^US. See Ptolemy.
, Valentinian theologian, XXIV. 38.
Ptolemaic System, of astronomy, i.
499; n. 750, 777.
Ptolemies, kings of Egypt, vii. 745;
their Hellenizing influence, XV. 144;
coins of, XVII. 650; their promotion
of geographical discovery, X. 176; in
Palestine, XIII. 420.
Ptolemy I. (Soter), king of Egypt, vu.
745 ; XV. 142 ; founder of Alexan-
drian library, I. 498; of Alexandrian
museum, I. 69.
— — , II. (Philadelphus) and III. (Euer-
getes), VII, 745.
, IV. (PhUopator), V. (Epiphanes),
VI. (Philometor), and VII. (Euergetes
II.), VII. 746.
, VI ^. (Lathyrus), IX. (Alexander
I.), X. (Alexander II.), XI. (Auletes),
XII., and XIII., vii. 747.
(Claudius Ptolemaeus), Egyptian
astronomer and geographer, XX., 87 ;
X. 177; XV. 517; XVII. 709; his
system of astronomy, I. 499; II. 750,
777; on the lunar theory, XVI. 799;
his catalogue of the stars, XVIII. 840;
on climatic zones, VI. i; on musical
intonation, XVII. 78.
Ptomaines, in medicine, xxi. 066;
XXII. 680.
Ptyalin, alimentarv secretion, xvii.
671.
PtyAo, genus of snakes, XXII. 194.
Puberty, in law, xiii. i; toteniistic
ceremonies connected with, XXIII.
470.
Pubis, Anatomy of the, i. 828.
Public Debt, xvii. 243; of United
States, XXIII. 747, 766, 778, 780, 828.
Public Health, xx. 96; Acts relating
to, XV. 797, 798.
Public-House Licences, xiv. 690.
Publician Edict, in Roman law, XX.
699.
Public Occurrences, rsoston news-
paper, XVII. 433.
PUBLICOLA, Valerius, Roman consul,
, XXIV. 41.
Public Records, of England, xx. 310.
Public Safety, Committee of, France,
IX. 605.
Public Weal, League of the, France,
IX. 552.
Public Works, British department of,
XVI. 474.
PUBLILIAN Law, Roman, xx. 737.
Publilius Syrus, Latin farce-writ«r,
XX. 97.
Publishing, of books, iv. 40.
PUBLius (or Publilius) Syrus, Latin
farce-writef, XX. 97.
Pucci, Antonio, Italian comic poet,
XIII. 505.
, Orazio, Tuscan noble, XV. 791.
PUCCINIA Graminis, corn-mildew, XVi.
293. J
Pucelle, La,Voltaire'8poem, XXIV.292.
, La, Chapelain's epic, V. 396. /
Pucherite, mineral, XVI. 404. 1
PUCHEJIO, Spanish lentil food, XIV. 447.
PUCKLER-MUSKAU, Hermann L. H.,
Prince of, German writer, XX. 98.
PUDDINGSTONE, rock, X. 237.
Puddling, of iron, xiii. 320.
PUDSEY, town, England, XX. 98.
PUDUPAK, PUDUPET, parts of Madras
city, India, XV. 188.
PUEBLA, town, Mexico, XX. 98; XVL
214; state, XVI. 214.
Pueblos, American-Indian tribe, XIL
833.
PUELCHE, Ameripan-Indians xii.
829.
PUEMUNUS, Italian deity, xix. 443.
PUENTEAREAS, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
Puerto Americano, town, Chiliaa
Patagonia, xviii. 352.
Puerto Cabello, town, Veneznela,
XX. 98.
Puerto de Isabel, town, Fernando
Po, Africa, IX. 100.
Puerto de Navacerrada, town,
Spain, XXn. 294.
Puerto de Santa Maria, town,
Spain, XX. 99.
Puerto Guzman Blanco, town,
Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Puerto Principe, town, Cuba, xx.
99.
PUERJO Rico, or Porto Rico, island.
West indies, XIX. 532.
PUERTO Sucre, town,' Venezuela,
.XXIV. 140.
Pufendorf, Samuel, German political
and philosophical writer, XX. 99,
Puff-Adder, viper, xxiv. 247.
Puff-Bird, xx. ioi.
Puffin, bird, xx. loi.
Puffinus, genus of birds, XXI. 75 1.
Pufflerite, mineral, XVI. 423.
PUGATCHEFF, J., leader of Cossack
rebels, XXI. 99.
Puget, Pierre, French painter, sculptor,
and architect, XX. 102} XXI. 563.
Sound, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXIV. 385.
PUGHE, William Owen, on Welsh litera-
ture, V. 314.
PUGIN, Augustus Welby Northraore,
English architect, XX. 102.
PUGLIA, Francesco di, his challenge t«
Savonarola, XXI. 337.
Puissance Motrice, Carnot's work,
XXIII. 283.
PuKHTU Language, Afghanistan, i.
238.
PUKHTUNWALI, system of Afghan law,
I- 237-
PULASKI, or Pulanski, C«.simir, PolisU
patriot, XIX. 297; as American general,
XXIII. 79b.
PuLci, Luigi, Italian poet, XX. 103;
XIII. 507.
Pulcinella, Neapolitan puppet, xx.
106.
PULEX, genus of insects, IX. 30a
Pulgar, Fernando de, Spanish prow-
writer, XX. 103.
PULICAT, lake, India, XV. 184.
PULKOVA, or Pulkowa, \'illage, Russia,
XXI. 194; observatory at, XVII. 7:4,
telescope in observatory, XXIII. 150.
P U L — P U Y
361
Prt-LEV, in blwk machinery, III. 833;
XV. 733.
PuLLNA, spa, Bohemia, xvi. 436.
PULMONATA, order of MoUusca, xvi.
66c, XXII. 187.
PULNEY (Palni), town, India, xv. 192.
PULO CONDORE, port. Cochin China,
VI. 93.
PULO Penang, island, Malay Penin-
sula, XV. 321; XIX. 741.
Pulpit, in architecture, 11. 471.
Pulque, South American drink, IV. 264.
Pulse, in physiology, xxiv. 103.
PULSOMETER, mining pump, XVi. 458;
xxii. 516.
PuLTAMARCA, Peru, Sulphur springs of,
V. 279.
PULTENEV, WUliam, earl of Bath,
English politician, XX. 103.
PULTNEYTOWN, part of Wick, Scotland,
XXIV. 556.
PULTOWA (Poltava), town, Russia, XIX.
410; battle of (1709), V. 421; xxi. 97;
XXII. 750.
PULTUSK, town, Russia, XIV. 817.
Pulverizer, agricultural implement,
XVI. 463.
PULVINUS, group of cells in plants, XIX.
63-
PULWUL (Palwal), town, India, xviii.
203.
PUM.^, carnivorous nianinial, XX. 104;
1.682; XV. 435.
Pumice, volcanic product, XX. 105; x.
234.
PUJIP, Mechanism of, XII. 533; XIX.
241, 246; condensing, Papiu's inven-
tion of, XVIII. 228; mining, xvi. 458;
in ships, xxi. 816.
Pump, Air-, l. 429. Sue Air-Pump.
Pumping, on rivers, XX. 573; engines
for, XXII. 515.
Pumpkin, vegetable, XI. 4; xil. 283.
Pu.mpkin-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Puna, district, Bolivia, iv. 12.
, moimtains, Peru, xvill. 672.
Punakh.% town, India, III. 632.
Punaluan Family, ix. 22.
Punch, English comic journal, v. 105;
XXI. 320 ; Leech's connexion with,
XIV. 406 ; 'niackera_\''s contributions
to, XXIII. 214.
AND Judy, puppets, XX. 106.
Punchinello, puppet, xx. 105.
Punching Machine, xv. 157.
Punch Mahauls (Ranch MahaLi),
district, India, XVIII. 210.
Punctuation, in ancient MSS., xviii.
t63.
PUNBERPOOR, or Pandarpur, town,
India, xviii. 210; XXI. 832.
PUNLM, state, on upper Indus, X. 597.
PUNICA, epic of Siliius XXII. 54.
, genus of plants, XI.X. 441.
Punic Wars, of Rome, v. 161; xx.
747; effects of the firet upon Sicily,
XXII. 21; the second, xi. 442.
Punishment, by miprisonmeut, xix.
747; by torture, XXIII. 460; under
Roman law, xx. 675.
Punjab, province, British India, xx.
106; invasion of, by Mahmud, xv.
286; annexation of, by England, XII.
80S; rivers of, XII. 847; university
of, XXIII. 856.
Punjabi Language, Dictionaries of,
VII. 191.
PUNNAH, state, India, xviii. 213.
PUNO, town, Peru, XVIII. 675.
PuNTA Arenas, town. Chili, xviii.
352-
Pupa, of insects, xii. 574; xiii. 147; of
butterflies, IV. 594.
PuPIPAR.-\, group of insects, XIII. 150
PUPIVORA, class of insect.s, xii. 629.
Puppet-Shows, XV. 546; XX. 105.
PURACE, volcano, Colombia, South
America, X!X.-48i; XXII. 634.
PURANAS, Brahman histories, XXI.
283.
PURBACH, or Beurbach, George, Aus-
trian astronomer, n. 751; xx. 341;
XXIII. 562.
PURBECK, peninsula, Dorset, England,
VIL 371; stone of, XV. 529.
Beds, geological series, x. 354,
356.
PURCELL, Henry, English musical com-
poser, XX. 112; vn. 437; XVII. 88,
90.
PURCHAS; Samuel, English geogi-aphi-
cal writer, XX. 114; X. 183.
PURCHASER, in law, XXI. 206.
Purchase System, of British aimy,
II. 575.
Purgatorio, Dante's, vi. 815.
Purgatory, xx. 114; viii. 537.
Puroing-Nut Oil, xvii. 744, 746.
Purgolovo, village, Russia, XXI. 194.
PURGSTALL, Joseph von Hammer-, Aus-
trian Orientalist, XI. 426.
PURI, district, British India, XX. 115;
to^\-n, XX. 115; XVII. 845.
Purific.\TION, Ceremonial, I. 50; by
fire, IX. 232; ■miong the Greeks and
Romans, XV. 69.
, Feast of the, XV. 592.
Purim, Jewish feast, XX. 115; VIII.
561.
Puritanism, in relation to the English
drama, vii. 433; to English literatnre,
viii. 417; to Presbyterianiam, XIX.
685 ; to the Renais.sance, XX. 393;
Laud's opposition to, xiv. 346; Mil-
ton's relations to, xvi. 32S.
PURITAN.S, in England, viil. 340, 346,
376, 378; XII. 723; Neal's History of,
XVII 303.
Purity, m ethics, vui. 590.
PURKINJE'S Figures, in rision, viu.
819.
Purlieu Land, m iore.st lawo, ix 409.
PURNIAH, Jistiict, British India, XX.
115; town, XX. 116.
Purple, dye, xx. n6; mi. 571, 579;
XVI. 648; XVIII. 804; from lichens,
XIV. 559.
IsL.\ND, poem by Phineas Fletcher,
IX. 305.
Linen, Phoenician, xxiii. 207.
Ore, of iron, xiii. 285.
Purposive Action, in psychology, xx.
73-
Purpur.\, disease, xx. 116.
, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 649, 652. _
PURRE, bird, XXI. 260.
Purslane, plant, xx. 116.
Pursuit of Knowledge under
Difficulties, Craik's book, vi. 542.
Pursuivant, heraldic officer, xj. 687.
Purvey, John, English Lollard, xiv.
811; his version of the Bible, Vlli.
383; xxiv. 710.
Purveyance, in feudalism, xiv. 115;
royal, IX. 177; levying of, I. 294; pre-
rogative of, XIX. 672.
PurwakaRTA, town, Java, xiii. 606.
PURWOREDJO, town, Java, XIII. 606.
Pus, in pathology, XXII. 683; pus-
corpuscles, XVIII. 365.
PUSEY, .Edward Bouverie, Enjilish
theologian, XX. 116; on German
rationalism, XX. 290.
, Philip, agriculturist, I. 324, 328.
PUSEYISM, religious movement, XX.
117.
PUSHKIN, or Poushkin, Alexander,
Russian poet, XIX. 648; XXI. 107.
Pushtu Language, Afghanistan, i.
238; dictionaries of, vii. igi.
PUSSLY, or Purslane, plant, XX. 116.
Pustule, Malignant, xx. 118; xxiv.
663.
PUTBUS, town, Rugen, Prussia, XXI. 57.
Puteaux, town, France, XXI. 624.
PUTEOLI (Pozzuoli), ancient town, Italy,
XVII. 188; XIX. 651.
Putnam, Fort, New York, U.S.A., xii.
331-
, Israel, American revolutionary
officer, XXIII. 790.
''UTNEV, suburb of London, XX. Ii3;
XIV. 822.
PUTORIUS, genus of ciirnivorous mam-
mals, .XV. 440; XVI. 474; XIX. 331;
XXIV. 462.
PUTREKACriON, l.x. 97; in animal tis-
sue.?, XXII. 679; due to minute organ-
isms, XXI. 407; prevention of, II. 135;
of drowned bodies, vii. 474.
PUTTE, Samuel van de, Dutch traveller,
X. 188; in Tibet, XIV. 503.
Putty, cement, xx. 118.
PUY, Le, town, France, XX. 118.
, The, early London guild of musi-
cians, XVII. 84.
PUYA, plant fibre, XX. 506.
PUY DE Dome, department. France,
XX. 119.
PuY de Pariou, mouniaiu, France,
XX. 119.
XXV. — 46
362
PUY DE Sancy, mountain, France, XX.
119.
PUYNIPET, island, Oaroline group,
Pacific, V. 126.
Pin'SEGUR, Marquis de, mesmerist, XV.
278.
Pyaemia, disease, xviii. 401 ; xxii. 678.
Pyatigorsk, town- Cauctisus, Russia,
XX. 120.
PVCNIDES, organs in lichens, XIV. 555.
PYCNIDIA, in plant development, XX.
424.
PVCNITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
Pycnodontoidei, suborder o£ fishes,!
XII. 6S7.
Pycnogonum, genus of Arachnida, II.
277
Pycnotrop, mineral, xvi. 414.
Pydna, tow-n, Macedonia, xv. 137; battle
of (i6S), xviii. 435.
Py'GMALION, of Greek legend, Xx. 120;
XVIII. S07.
Pygmies, xx. 120.
Fygobranchia, suborder of MoUusca,
XVI. 655.
Pygopodes, group of birds, xviii. 45.
pyL/E CiLici.e, pass, Asia Minor,- II.
705.
Pyl^menes, rulers of Paphlagonia,
XVIII. 227.
Pylas, king of Tyre, xvill. 808.
Pylorus, outlet of the stomach, vii.
224; stricture of, XXII. 575.
PylUS, town, Messenia, Greece, xvi. 53.
PYjM, John, English politician, XX. 120;
V. 405.
Pynchon, WiUiam, ' early American
colonizer, XXII. 433.
PvpELiNCX, Maria, mother of Eubens,
XXI. 41.
Pyrallolitl, mineral, xvi. 415.
Pyramid, Pyramids, Egj-ptian, xx.
122; v. 582; VII. 732,771; age of, VII.
732; architecture of, II. 385; of Central
America, xvi. 214; xxiv. 759.
, in geometry, xvi. 23; xix. 803.
Pyramidal System, of crystals, xvi.
357-'
Pyramid Lake, Nevada, U.S.A., xvii.
367.
Pyramids, game, in. 676.
, Battle of the {1798), Egypt, vil.
759. See Pyramid.
Pyramus, riVer, Asia Minor, II. 70S; v.
777-
Pyranga, genus of birds, xxill. 45.
Pyrargillite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Pykargyrite, mineral, xvi. 394; xxil.
69.
Pyrenees, mountains, Eiurope, XX. 124;
IX. 505; treaty of the (1659), IX. 573;
X.XIL 332.
Pyr^N^es, three departments (Basses,
Hautes, Orientales), France, xx. 126.
PyrenomyCETES, suboi-der of Fungi,
rx. 834; XXIV. J27; parasitic forms,
XVUI. 267; as vine pests, XXIV. 240.
P U Y — Q u m
Pyrethrum, garden plant, xil. 259.
Pyrgi, seaport, Etpuria, viii. 635.
Pyrgos, near Constantinople, Aqueduct
of, II. 221.
Pyrgoteles, Greek gem-engraver, x.
139-
Pyrheliometer, radiation thermo-
meter, XXIII. 291.
Pyriphlegethon, legendary river,
XXII. 614.
PYRITES; metallic sulphides, xx. 128;
copper, VI. 347; of flue-dust, XXIII.
219; iron, XIII. 2S0, 288; XV. 532;
XVI. 390, 391, 393; XX. 128; niccolo-
cobaltic, XVII. 487.
Pyrmont, principality, Germany, xxiv.
321-
, Bad, spa, Germany, xvi. 434;
XXIV. 321.
Pyroaurite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Pyrocatechuic Acid, xiv. 91.
Pyroc.hlore, mineral, xvj. 426.
Pyrochroite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Pyro-Elf.ctricity, viii. 8, 99; XIX.
313; in minera's, xvi. 376; Haiiy's
contributions to, XI. 523.
Pyrolusite, mineral, XV. 479; XVI. 387.
Pyrometer, for measuring high tem-
peratures, XX. 129; in iron smelting,
XIIL 305; Deville's, XI. 570.
Pvromorphite, mineral, XIV. 375;
'XVI. 407; XVIH. 818.
Pyrope, mineral, XVI. 411.
Pyrophyllite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Pyrophysalite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Pyropissite, mineral, xvi. 429; xviii.
243.
Pyroretinite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Pvrorthite, mineral, XVI. 410.
Pyrosclerite, mineral, XVI. 414.
Pyrosilver, silvered steel, XIII. 357.
Pyrosmalite, mineral, xvi. 413.
PVROSOMA, ascidian, X.XIII. 609, 61S;
phosphorescence of, XVIII. 814.
Pyrostilpkite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Pyrotechny, XX. 134.
Pyroxene, mineral, XVL 416.
PVROXILIN, or Gun-Cotton, XL 277,
Pyroxyline Explosives, xxl 835.
Pyrrha, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
Pyrrhite, mineral, xvi. 426.
PVRRHO, Greek sceptic, XXI. 379.
Pvrrhocorax, genus of birds, vi. 618.
Pyrrhonism, philosophical system,
XXI. 379; of Pascal, xviii. 336.
PVRRHOTITE, mineral, XVi. 391.
Pyrrhul.-^UDA, genus of birds, XIV. 316.
Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, XX. 136; his
war with the Romans, XX. 743; his
invasion of Sicily, XXII. 20.
Pytiula, genus of MoUusca, XVI. 650.
Pyrus, genus of trees, II. 320; XVIII.
445; XX. 182.
Pythagoras, Greek sculptor, lu 351.
, Ionian philosopher, XX. 137; on
astronomy, 11. 746; on tran.'migration
of souls, XVI. 106; hi£ sySbC:n of
music, XVII. 78.
Pythagoras, Theorem of (EucL i. 47),
X. 379.
PYTHAGOREANISM, XX. 138; VIII. 575;
in relation to Orphism, xviii. 51;
PhUo's, XVIII. 760; Philolaus's, xvili.
764.
Pythagorean Triangles, Tables of,
XXIII. 14.
Pytheas of Massilia, Greek navi-
gator, XX. 142; on astronomy, lU
74S ; on Thule, xxill. 328 ; Strabo
on, XXII. 582.
Pythia, Greek prophetess, xvii. goS.
Pythian Games, Greece, x. 65.
Pythias, friend of Damon, VI. 795.
Pyihium, sanctuary of Apollo, at
Athens, III. 2.
Pythmen, in Greek arithmetic, xvii.
626.
Python, snake, xx. 144, 449, 451;.
xxii. 195.
Pythonid.e, family of snakes, xxil.
193, 195-
Pyx, Trial of the, L 176; 11. 725; xvu
483.
Pyxis, ancient toilet-casket, xix. 614.
Qthe seventeenth letter of the alpha-
' bet, XX. >45
Qat, Melanesia!! deity, XVII. 148.
QINBIL (Kamala), dni<.', XIII. 831.
Qu.\dragesima SUND.\Y', XIV. 446.
Quadrant, optical instrument, xvii.
254, 25S, 268; XIV. 586; eailiest form
of, X. 1 87; giaduation of, XI. 28.
Quadr.\T0RDM Libzr, Leonardo of
Pisa's work, XIX. 125.
Quadr:Vture of the Circle, xxii.
433-
Quadr.ature of Curves, Wallis on,,
XXIV. 332.
Quadr-^ture of Surfaces, xjii. 55.
Quadric Surfaces, in geometry, x.
405; XXII. 670.
Quadrigarius, Q. Claudius, Eomau
historian, XIV. 729.
Quadrilateral, four Italian fortresses,
XX. 145.
Quadrilaterals, Mensiuation of, xvi.
15-
QUADRIREME, ancient Greek ship, XXI.
806.
QuadriviuM, mediteval course of study,
XX. 515.
Quadru.m.\na, group of Mammalia, XV.
444; II. 148; of South America, l.
6S1.
Quadrupeds, xv. 347.
Quadruple Alliance (1718), i. 450;
IX. 5S4.
Quadruplex Telegraphy, xxiii.
123.
QU/ESTOR, Roman magistrate, xx. 145,
738, 772-
QVAGGA, ungulate mammal, XX. 146;
I. 259; xil. 175.
Quail, bird, xx. 146.
Quail-Hawk, bird, xiv. 54.
QUAIN, Jones, on systematic anatomy,
I. 817.
, Richard, on the anaiomy o£ the
arteries, I. 817.
Quakers, religious sect, xx. 147; in.
853; IX. 500; their affinities with
mysticism, XVII. 135; their opposition
to the slave trade, XXII. 139; Penn's
Quakerism, xviii. 492.
Quan (Gnan), bird, xi. 232.
Quandang Nut, xvii. 664.
Quang Duk (Hue), tovra, A nam, Asia,
xil. 333.
QUANTAMPOH, town, West Coast, Africa,
XX 153.
Quantities, Mathematical, xv. 660.
Quantity, Methods of regarding, in.
37-
Quantz, J. J., German writer on the
flute, xxiii. 520.
Quanza (Coanza), rirer, Africa, VI.
81.
Quarantine, xx. 153; xix. 163; laws
relating to, XV. 797.
, Cattle, XX. 158.
, 'Wido'.v's, inlaw, XX. 158.
Quaregnon, town, Belgium, xvi. 761.
QUARE IMPEDIT, in Englich law, XX.
158.
QUARLES, Francis, English coet, XX.
■59-
QUARNERO,'Gulf of, Dalmatia, v. 5S6.
Quarrel, in architecture, 11. 471.
Qu.\RRIES, for minerals, XVI. 454.
Quarter, in heraldry, XI. 696, 706.
Quarter-Ill, cattle disease, xvii. 58.
Quarterly Review, The, Croker's
connexion with, VI. 595 ; Gilford's,
X. 590; Lockhart's, XIV. 763; Wilson's,
XXIV. 592.
Quarterly Reviews, xviii. 536.
Quarteroon, Negro and white half-
breed, xvii. 320.
Quarter Sessions, law court, xx.
159.
Quarter-Squares, Tables of, xxiii.
8.
QuARTic Surfaces in geometry, xxii.
670.'
Quartodecimans, of early Christian
church, IV. 669; vii. 614.
Quartz, rock, xx 160; x. 227, 237;
XL 48; XVL 389; XIX 314.
QUASilN, bitter vegetable principle, XIX.
53-
Quassia, tree, xx. 160.
Quaternary Deposits, in geology, x.
365-
Quaternions, in mathematics, xx.
160; XV. 630; Sir W. R. Hamilton's
invention of, XI. 422.
Quatrebr.\s, Belgium, Battle of (1815),
XVII. 22J.
Q U A — Q U I
Quatremere, 6tienne Marc, French
Orientalist, XX. 164.
Quay, or Whai-f, XI. 455.
Quebec, province, Canada, xx. 165.
, to^v-n, XX 168 ; capture of, by
Wolfe (1759), XXIV. 630; battle of
(1759). IX. 590.
Act (1774), XXIH. 739.
Chapel Sermons, Alford's, i.
505-
Quebedo, Vasco Mousinho de, Portu-
guese poet, XIX. 556.
Quebracho, wood used in tanning,
XIV. 382.
QUED.^H, or Kedah, district. Straits
Settlements, Asia, XV. 322.
Quedlinburg, to-fi-n, Prussia, XX. 169.
Queen, title, xxiii. 418.
Adelaide Archipelago, xviii.
352-
Anne's Bounty, xx. 169; 11.
62.
Queen-Bee, hi. 484.
Queen Charlotte Islands, British
Columbia, XX. 170 ; totemism of
Haida Indians in, XXIII. 469.
Queen's Bench, English law court,
III. 556; records of, XX. 311.
Queensberry, Second Duke of, xx
170; XXI. 517.
Queens' College, Cambridge, iv. 730.
Queen's College, Oxford, xviii. 97. ■
Queen's Counsel, highest rank of
barristers. III. 394.
Queen's County, Ireland, xx, 170;
representation, XXIII. 727.
Queensland, British colony, Australia,
XX. 171; in. 114; mines, XVL 471;
railways, XX. 253.
QUEENSTOWN, town, Ireland, xx. 175.
Queen's Wake, Hogg's poem, xil. 51.
QUEEST, bird, VII. 379.
QUEIROZ, E^a de, Portuguese novelist,
XIX. 558.
QUELLIN, John Erasmus, Flemish artist,
XXIII. 174.
QUENSTEDT, Johann Andreas, on the
inspiration of Scripture, XIII. 156.
QUERCETANUS (Andre Duchesne),
French historian, vn. 504.
QUERCITANNIC ACID, XXIII. 48.
Quercitron, dyertuff, xx. 175; ix.
293; XVII. 693.
QUERCUS, genus of trees, xvn. 6S9;
XX. 175.
QUER^TARO, town, Mexico, XX. 175;
XVI. 214; state, XVI. 214.
Quern, ancient floiir-mill, IX. 343.
QUESAL (Quezal), bird, XX. 179.
QUESNAY, Francois, French economist,
XX. 176; XIX. 361.
QUESNEL, Pasquier, French theologian,
XX. 177; codex of, V. 17; suspected
of Jansenism, XIII. 567; his writings
condemned by papa! hull, ^". 822.
QUESTER, Maithew de, two British
postmastors. xix. 56').
363
QUETELET, Ernest, Belgian astronomer,
XX. 177.
, Lambert Adolphe Jacques, Belgian
physicist, XX. 177; XJW. 462; on the
raccs of man, II. 112.
QUETTA, town, Baluchistan, XX. 178.
QUETZALCOATL, ancient Mexican deity,
XVI. 20S, 211; pilgrimage to temple
of, XIX. 92,
Quetzalcohuatl, legendary chief.
Central America, I. 704.
Quevedo Villegas, Francisco, Spanish
satirist, XX. 178; XXII. 35,7, 360.
Quezal, bird, xx. 179.
Quezaltenango, town. Guatemala,
XX. 180.
QuiAH CoiTNTRY, West Africa, xxil.
44.
Quiberon, town, France, xvi. 813.
QuickC, ancient kingdom, Mexico, xvi.
208.
QuiCHis, people, Central America,
XXIV. 759.
Quichua Language, Peru, i. 700.
QuiCHUAS, Peruvian nation, xviii. 676;
in Bolivia, iv. 15.
Quicklime, xiv. 647; xxi. 166.
Quicksilver, or Mercury {q.v.), xvi.
31; mines of, in Austria, III. 120; in
California, IV. 702; in Spain, I. 589.
QUIQUNQUE, Symbolum, the so-called
Athanasian Creed, VI. 562.
QUIERSY-SUR-OISE, France, Diet of
(877), IX. 534.
Quietism, religious movement, xi. 341;
XVI. 631; XVII. 134.
QUILIMANE, town, East Africa, XX.
180.
QuiLL, for writing, IX. 60; XVIII. 483.
QUILLOTA, town. Chili, XX. 180.
QUILON, town, India, XX. 181; XXIII.
525.
QUILU, river. West Africa, XIV. 742.
QUIMPER, town, France, XX. 181.
QuiN, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn. 367.
Quinary System, bird classification,
xviii. 15.
QuiNAULT, Philippe, French dramatist,
XX. iSl.
Quince, tree and fruit, XX. 182; xii.
276.
Oil, XVII. 744.
Quincke, Georg Hermann, his electro-
Ij'tic theory, VI 1 1. 114; his, tables of
surface-tension, v. 70.
Quincunx, The, of Sir Thomas Ero«-ne,
IV. 390.
Quincy, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xx.
182.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xx.
182.
, Edmund, American scholai-, -XX.
183.
, Josiah (1744-1775X American poli-
tician, XX. 182.
, Josiah (1772-1864), American poli-
tician, XX. 183.
364
Q U I — R A D
QUINET, Edgar, French writer, XX.
183; IX. 681.
QUINIDINE, vegetable alkaloid, XX.
185.
Quinine, drug, xx. 184; v. 7S0; pro-
duction of, in India, XII. 751.
QuiSONES DE Ben.wente, Luis,
Sparasli dramatist, XXII. 359.
Quinquereme, ancient Greek ship,
;;xi. 806.
Quinsy, disea-se, XXlil. 320.
Quintain, Boat, sport, xxi. 30.
QuiNT.'\N.\, Manuel Jos^, Spanish poet,
XX. 186; XXII. 361.
QU!NTEROON, Kegro and white lialf-
breed, XVii. 320.
QuiNTiLiAN (II. Fabius QuintiHanus),
Latin rhetorician, XX. 187 ; his
rhetoric, XX. 514; his language and
style, XIV. 337; his place in Eonian
literature, XX. 726.
QUINTILIANI, or Quinetiales, ancient
Roman college of Luperci, XV. 66.
QuiNTUS ICILIUS, Karl G. G. von, his
magnetic experiments, xv. 254.
QuiNTUS SmyrNjEUS, Greek epic poet,
XX. 188.
QuiNZE- JoiES DU Mari.\ge, French
satire, IX. 649.
QuiNZE-VlNGTS, blind asylum, Paris,
xviii. 283.
OUIRAINO, rock, Skye, Scotland, XXII.
127.
QUIRES, in palieography, xviii. 144; in
paper trade, XViil. 224.
QUIRINAXIA, Roman festival, XV. 570.
QuiRiNAL Palace, at Rome, xx. 835.
QUIRINIUS, his census enrolment, in
Juda'a, XIII. 660.
QUIRINUS, Sabine deity, XV. 57b.
, Mme of Romulus, founder of
Rome, XX. 840.
Quirites, in Roman law, XX. 669.
QUIROS, Fernandez dc, Spanish ex-
plorer of Tahiti, XXIII. 24.
Island, atoU, Polynesia, xix. 420.
QuiROTOA, lake, Ecuador, VII. 646;
mountain, vii. 645.
Quito, town, Ecuador, South America,
XX. 1 88.
Quoin, in architecture, II. 471.
Quoits, modem game, xx. 189; class-
ical, VII. 258.
QUORRA, or Niger, river, Africa, xvil.
496; I. 253.
Quo Warranto, in English law, xx.
189; XXI v. 3^2.
T3 the eighteenth letter of the alphabet,
■'^> XX. 190.
Ra, Egyptian di\-inity, vii. 716.
Raab, town, Hungary, xx. 190.
Raa.maH, of Scripture, XXIV. 738.
Raamses, tawn, Egypt, xx. 265.
RaE, Jewish title, XX. 190.
Raba, Jewish teacher, XX. iqi.
R.\bad, Jewish scholars, XX, 191.
Raban, Jewish teacher, XX. 191,
RaBANUS MaURUS M.ASNENTIUS,alvh-
bishop of Mainz, XII. 326.
Rab Asshi (or Ashk), Talmudic writer-,
XX. I go; XXIII. 37.
Rabat, t^jwn, Morocco, xx. 192; xvi.
831.
Rab.\to, town, Gozo, Mediterranean
Sea, XV. 339.
Rabba, to\vn, on Niger, Africa, XX.
192; xvii. 498; XXII. 279.
Rabbah, Je\vish scholar, XX. 192.
, town, Syria, I. 743.
Rabban, Jewish title, XX. 190.
R.\BBATH, of Aaumon, town, Syria, 1.
743-
R.\bbenu, Jewish title, XX. 190.
Rabbi, Jewish title, xx. 190.
Rabbinical Dictionaries, vii. 189.
Rabbinical Law, the Mishnah, xvi.
502.
Rabbins, Jewish, their historical im-=
portance, XIII. 428.
Rabbjt, rodent mammal, xx. 192: xv.
421; skins of, IX. 838.
Hawking, ix. 10.
Shooting, xxi. 834.
Rabble, for iron puddling, xiu. 322.
Rabboni, Jewish title, xx. 190.
R.\BBUL.\, Syriac writer, xxil. 829.
Rabdologi.\, Napier's work, xvii.
179.
Rabel.ais, Francois, French humorist,
XX. 193; IX. 652; his works on medi-
cine, XV. S08.
Rabener, Gottlieb Wilhelm, German
satirist, XX. 198.
R.\bIES, disease, XX. 199; XII. 545.
Rabina, Talmudic WTiter, XXIII. 37.
Rabutin, French family, x.\l. 703.
, L^ouor de, French soldier, XX.
202.
, Roger de, Comte de Bussy, French
gallant and writer, XX. 202; his rela-
tions with iladiime de Sevigne, XXI.
704.
Rabutin-Chantal, Marie de, Madame
de S^vigne, XXI. 703.
Racan, Honorat de Bueil, Marquis de,
French poet, IX. 656.
Raccoon, carnivorous mammal, xx.
202; XV. 441; skins of, IX. 838.
Race, in tidal current, XXIII. 353.
Race-Horse, xii. 183.
R.\CEMIC AcfD, XXIII. 69.
Races, of mankind, II. iii.
', Horse, XII. 199; V. 124.
Rachel, wife of Jacob, XIII. 536,
749-
, Elizabeth Felix, French actre.ss,
XX. 203; VII. 425.
Rachianectes, genus of cetacean
mammals, XV. 395.
Racine, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., XX.
203; population, xxiv. 617.
. Jean, French dramatist, xx. 203;
VII. 424; IX. 658; his attack on
Nicole, XVII. 490.
Racing, Chariot, in ancient games, V.
791; X. 64.
, Foot, in ancient games, X. 64;
modern. III. 12, 13; XXI. 16.
-, Horse, XII. 199; at Rome, during
the carnival, v. 124.
R.\CK, in mechanics, XV. 755.
, instrument of torture, XXIII. 465.
Rackets, game, xx. 209.
Rack Rent, xx. 402.
Rad.^ Church, Sweden, Mural decora-
tion in, xvii. 48.
Radagaisus, Gothic chief, x. 849.
Rad.^ma I.-IL, kings of Madagascar,
XV. 174.
Radautz, town, Bukowina, Austria,
XX. 210.
Rad.\y, Gideon, Magyar dramatist, xiv.
21.
Radbertus, abbot of Corbie- XX. 210
Radbod, king of the Fr'.f.ans, ix.
788; XXIV. 587.
R.\DCLIFFE, town, England, XX. 210.
, Ann WaiJ, English novelist, XX.
, John, English physician, XV. 812.
Library, Oxford, xiv. 519.
Observatory, Oxford, xvil. 710.
R.\DESPONA (Ratisbon), Roman station,
Germany, XX. 292.
Radetzky, Johann J. W. A. F. C,
Austrian field-marshal, XX. 211.
R.'VDEWVN, Florentius, Dutch mystic
and educationist, XIV. 31; XVII. 134.
Radhanpur, state and towni, India.
XX. 212.
Radi.\n, unit of angular measurement,
XVI. 17.
Radiance, Theory of, xix. 2.
Radiat.\, di^sion of animal kingdom,
XX. 212.
R.U>I.\TI0N, of heat, XX 712: j{i. 577;
as affecting temperitun:, Vi. 3; solar,
XVI. 116; XXII. 651; thermometers
for measuring, XXIII. 291.
Radi EILLah, caliph, xvi. 587.
Radichevich, Branko, Servian writer,
XXI. 691.
Radiolaria, class of Protozoa, XIX.
849; skeletal structures of, XXII. io6.
Radiolarian Ooze, of Pacific Ocean,
xviii. 123.
Radiometer, Crookes's, xix. 249.
Radiophone, Telephonic, xxill. 130,
■34-
Radish, vegetable, xii. 286.
Radish-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Radistcheff, Alexander, Russinn
writer, XXI. K)6.
Radnor, county and town, Wales, xx.
217.
Rapom, government, Russian Poland,
XX. 217; town, XX. 218.
Radomuisl, town, Russia, XIV. 69.
Radoslaff, ting of Servia, XXI. 684.
R A D — R A M
365
Radstock, town, England, xxil. 258.
Radula, or Lingual Ribbon, in mol-
luscs, XVI. 640.
Radul Bazaraba, Toivode of Wakchia,
XXI. 17.
Radul Necru. v'oivode of TValachia,
XXI. 16.
Radziejewo, to\ni, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
Radziviloff, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
Radziwill Bible, Polish, xix. 301.
Radzymin, town, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
Rae, John, Arctic explorer, X. 193;
XIX. 320, 321.
Raeburn, Sh- Henry, Scottish painter,
XX. 218; XXI. 441.
Raff, Joseph Joachim, Swiss musical
composer, XX. 219.
Raffaelle, or Raphael (q.v.), Italian
painter, XX. 274; II. 438.
Raffle, lofiery, xv. 11.
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford, English
administrator, XX. 219.
Rafflesia, parasitic plant, xviii. 265;
Rafn, Carl Christian, Danish archseo-
logist, XX. 220; on the discovery of
America, I. 706.
Raft, floating platform, xxi. 804; Rhine
rafts, XX. 520.
Ragatz, watering-place, Switzerland,
XX. 220; XXI. 169; mineral water of,
XVI. 433.
Rag-Fallowing, in agriculture, I. 355.
Ragged Schools, Pleas for, by Guthrie,
XI. 337-
RAGHUVANfA, Sanskrit poem, Xlll. 829.
Raglan, Lord, English general, XX.
220.
Castle, Monmouthshire, England,
XVI. 754.
Ragman Rolls, English records, xx.
220.
Rag-Paper, xviii. 218.
Ragstone, mineral, XII. 134.
, in architecture, II. 471.
Ragusa, town, Austria-Hungary, XX.
221; republic of, XXIV. 270; literature
of, XXI. 690.
, town, Sicily, . 221.
, Duke of (Marmont), marshal of
France, XV. 558.
Rah.^D, river, Africa, XVII. 507.
Rahbek (Knud Lyne), Danish novelist,
VIL gi.
Rahel, wife of Vamhagen von Ense,
XXIV. 91.
RAHENG, town, Siam, XXI. 853.
Rahgun, port, Algeria, XXIII. 422.
Rahhanwin, people, Central Africa,
XXII. 256.
Rahman, divine name, in the Koran,
XVI. 603.
Rahwav, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XX. 222.
Raia, or Raja, genus of fbhes, xx. 299;
xxin. 314.
Raiatea, island, South Pacific, xxiil.
22.
Ra( Bareli, district and tbwn, India,
xx. 222.
Raibolini, Francesco, Italian painter,
IX. 688.
Raich, Servian historian, xxi. 690.
Raikes, Robert, founder of Sunday
schools, XX. 222.
Rail, bird, xx. 222. •
Rails, for railways, xx. 224, 241; test-
ing of, Xlll. 354; for tramways, XXIII.
507.
Railway, Railways, xx.223; Stephen-
son's promotion of, XXIL 537; their
service to agriculture, I. 305; bridges
for, IV. 285; locomotives for, xxil.
498, 520; in Europe, vill. 709; battle
of the gauges, I v. 397; laws relating
to, XX. 250; use of, in war, XXI v.
349; electric, XXIII. 495.
Savings Banks, xxi. 33a
Transport Army Corps, xxiv.
295.
Raimbach, Abraham, Engli.'h line-
engraver, XX. 255
Raimondi, Marcantonio, Italian en-
graver, XV. 530; VIII. 441.
Raimondo, Father, on St Catherine of
Siena, V. 230.
Rain, xvi. 128, 150, iTo; xxiv. 398; in
country and town. III. 35; geological
action of, x. 267 ; on St Sivithun's day,
XXII. 775; lummous, XXIII. 329.
Rainband, in spectroscopy, XX. 255.
Rainbow, xi. 399; theory of. xiv. 595,
597-
Rainfall, xvi. 128, 150, 180; its in-
fluence on climate, VI. 6; in relation
to water-supply, XXIV. 402; heaviest I
in the world, XIV. c8: of Himalayas,
XI. 830.
Raing.\uge, for measuring rainfall, xx.
256.
Rainier, Mount, Washington Territory,
U.S.A.; XXIII. 800.
Rainieri (Pope Paschal II.), xviii.
339-
Rain-Water, xxiv. 398.
Raipur, district and town, India, XX.
257.
RaIs, or Retz, Gilles de, marshal of
France, XX. 258.
Raised Beaches, in geology, x. 256.
Raisins, fruit, xx. 2 58.
Raja, or Rajah, Indian title, XX. 259;
XXIII. 418.
Rajamahendri, or Bajahmundry,
town, India, XX. 259.
Rajapalayam, to^vn, India, xxill. 405.
Raja Sahib, at siege of Arcot, 11. 478.
Raj.-v Tarangine, metrical history of
Kashmir, xiv. 13.
Rajeshaye (Rajshahi), district, India,
XX. 261.
Raj Guru, Nepalsee high priest, xvil.
342.
Rajmala, Bengali chronicle, xi. S20.
Rajpore, town, India, xxiii. 673.
RaJPUTANA, coimtry, India, XX. 259.
Rajputs, Indian race, XII. 746, 781.
Rajshahi, district, India, xx. 261.
Rakas Tal, lake, Tibet, xxiii. 340.
Rake's Progress, Hogart'a's engrav-
ings, XII. 48.
Rakka, town, Mesopotamia, xvi. 48.
Rakoczy, Hungarian famOy, xx. 261.
, George, governor of Transylvania,
XX. 261 ; xil. 370.
RalahiNE, Ireland, Owen's conmmnity
at, XVIII. 88.
Raleigh, town. North Carolina, U.S.A.,
XX. 261.
, Sir Walter, English admiral and
courtier, XX. 262; his introduction of
the potato, xix. 594; of tobacco, XXIII.
423; Cecil's relations with, V. 283.
Ralik, island, Pacific Ocean, XVI. 257.
RalLUS, genus of birds, XVII. 722; XX.
222.
Ralpachen, Tibetan king, XXIII. 345.
Ralph Royster Doyster, Udall's
comedy, XXIII. 716.
Ram, of a warship, xvn. 285.
, Hydraulic, xil. 532.
Ramadan, Mohammedan fast, IX. 49;
XVI. 553.
Raman, -district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
Ramanand, Hindi writer, xi. 844.
Ramanuja, Hindu philosopher, XXI.
290.
Rama's Bridge, sandbanks, Ceylon, i..
140.
RamavaNA, Sanskrit epic, XXI. 280.
Rambam (Maimonides, q.v.), Jewish
^^T)ter, XV. 295.
Ramban, Jewish commentator, XX.
264.
Rambler, Johnson's, xiii. 723; xvni.
537-
Rambouillet, to^Tn, France, XX. 264.
, Marquise de, French savant, xx.
264.
Ram Das, Sikh ruler, India, xx. 1 10.
Rameau, Jean Philippe, French musical
composer, XX. 265; XVII. 91.
Ramee, Pierre de la, French logician,
XX. 268.
Ramersdorf, suburb of Munich, XVII.
24.
Rameses, of Scripture, district End
town, Egypt, XX 265.
I., king of Egypt, vii. 738.
II., of Egypt, VII. 739, 779; XXI.
693-
Rameseum, temple of Rameses II.,
Egypt, VI'. 779.
Rameswaram. island, Ceylon, xx.
266.
Ramgalis, tribe- Kafiristan, Asia, XIIL
822.
Ramganga, river, India, xvii. 572
Ramie, Malay plant, xx. 506.
366
R A M — R A S
Ramillies, Belgium, Battle of (1706),
III. 126; IX. 582; XV. 554.
■Ramiro I.-III., kings of Leon, XXII.
Ramiz, river, Peru, xviii. 673.
Ramler, Karl Wilhelm, German poet,
X. 534-
Rammelsbergite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Rammohun Roy, or Ram Mohan Rai,
founder of Brahma Somaj, India, IV.
200; XXI. 34.
RaMNA, teak forest, India, XXI. 146.
Ramnad, town, India, XV. 192.
Ramnes, earl)- Roman tribe, XX. 732.
Ramo-CHHE, or Ra Mochty, Buddhist
temple, Lhasa, Tibet, xiv. 228, 499.
Ramolino, Letitia, mother of Napoleon
I., XVII. 192.
Ramon de la Cruz, Spani.sh drama-
tist, XXII. 361.
Ramorantin, town, France, xiv. 8og.
R.iMPART, in fortification, IX. 422.
Ramphastes, genus of birds, XXIII.
477-
Rampion, vegetable, XI I. 2S7.
Ra.mpur, state, India, XX. 266; town,
XX. 266; xxii. 78.
BEauleah, town, India, XX.
261.
RaMRI, island, Burmah, XIV. 162.
Ramsay, AUan (16S6-1758), Scottish
poet, XX. 266; xvm. 347; his coUei-
tion of ballads, in. 283.
, Allan (1713-17S4), Scottish pot
trait-painter, XX. 267.
, Andrew Michael (Chevalier Ram-
say), French writer, XX. 267.
, David, American historian, XX.
267.
, John, penman of Barbour's Bruce,
HI. 366.
, William, on the chemistry of
smells, XXII. 167.
Ramsden, Jesse, English philosophical
instrument maker, XX. 267; his elec-
tric machine, VIII. too; his graduating
machine, XI. 29.
Ramses I., Egyptian kmg, vil. 738.
II., Egyptian king, Vll. 739; XXI.
693; temple of, VII. 779.
Ramsey, town, Isle of Man, xv. 453.
Ramscate, town, England, xx. 268.
'■'.amus, Jonas, Norwegian writer, XVII.
590.
, Peter, French logician, XX. 268;
XIV. 791, S03; his logical system, xiv.
803.
R.-\MUSI0, family of Italian savants,
XX. 269.
, Gian Battista, Italian geographer,
XX. 269; biographer of Marco Polo,
XIX. 406.
Ran, or Kunn, morass, Cutch, India,
VI. 730.
:1ana, Indian title, Vll. 147.
, genus of Amphibia, I. 753, 764;
IX. 795
Rana Bahadur, king- of Nepal, xvii.
344-
Ranapur, or Eanpur, state, India, XX.
272.
Ranau, lake, Sumatra, XXII. 638.
Ranavalona I. -II., queens of Mada-
gascar, XV. 174.
Range, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de,
reformer of Trappists, xxiii. 523.
R.^NDELL, Mr, his experiments with
burnt clay as manure, I. 352.
Randers. town, Denmark, XX. 271.
R.'VNDOLPt, earl of Moray, XXI. 4S9.
, Edmund, American politician,
XXIII. 748.
, John, American statesman, XX.
271.
— — , Thomas, English poet, XX. 271.
Randon, Jacques Louis C. A., French
general, I. 569.
Randsfjord, lake, Norway, xvii. 576.
Raneneurg, town, Russia, XXI. 116.
Rangab6, Alexander Eizos, naodem
Greek poet, XI. 152.
Range, of guns, xi. 301.
, of voice, XXIV. 275.
, Close, fireplace, XXII. 579.
, Lough, Killarney, XIV. 76.
R.\NGEFINDER, in gunnery, XXIII. 126.
Rangely, lake, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
29S.
Rangkul, lake. Central Asia, XVIII.
103.
Rangoon Town, district, British Bur-
mah, XX. 271; towni, XX. 272.
R.\ngpur, district and town, India, XX'.
272.
Ranieri, Antonio, Neapolitan writer,
XIV. 465.
R.-\niganj, coalfield in Bardwan, India,
III. 371, 56S; XII. 737.
Ranjit Singh, Sikh ruler, India, Xiv.
215; XX. III.
Rank, Order of, xix. 66c> ; titles of,
XXIII. 417.
Ranke, Leopold, German historian, x.
544; as church historian, v. 766.
Ranken, ay. H. L., on the geology and
climate of Australia, III. 107, 109.
Rankin, Thoma.?, American Methodist,
XVI. 191.
Rankine, William John Jlacquoru,
Scottish writer on engineering, XX.
272; on steam power, XXII. 478, 4S2;
on velocity of sound, '. 103.
Rannoch, Loch, Scotland, XIV. 217;
XVIII. 666.
Ranocchia, stone, xxi. 682.
Ranpur, state, India, XX. 272.
Ransome's Concrete Stone, vi. 243.
Ranuci, Rolando (Pope Alexander III.),
I. 4S6.
Ranunculus, plant, xx. 272; xii. 252,
259.
Ranzani, Camillo, on birds, xviii. 14.
Raoul Rochette, Desire, French
archseologist, XX. 273.
Raoux, Jean, French painter, XX.
273-
Rapanui, island. South Pacific, XX. 273.
Rape, crime, xv. 780.
, plant, I. 3S3; XX. 273.
Cake, xvii. 744; as manure, 1.
349-
of G.^NYMEDE, Greek sculpture,
xiV. 454.
OF THE Lock, Pope's poem, xix.
4S4.
OF THE Sabines, VIII. 6ig.
Oil, xx. 273; xvii. 744.
Raphael, the angel, XX. 274.
(Raphael Sanzio), Italian painter,
XX. 274; as architect, II. 438; cartoons
of, v. 165; as fresco painter, IX. 774;
his connexion with Marcantonio, XV.
531-
Raphael's Bible, series of paintings,
XIX. 113.
Raphelengius (Francis van Ravel-
inghen), Flemish printer, XIX. 177.
Rapier, sword, i,x. 69; xxii. 802.'
Rapin, Paul de, French historian of
England, XX. 283.
R.\poport, Solomon Juda, Jewish
■writer, XIII. 632.
Rappee, snuff, xxiii. 427.
Rapperswyl, town, Switzerland, XXl.
169.
Rapti, river, India, XVII. 572.
R.'iQUETS (Rackets), game, XX. 209.
Raratonga, island, South Pacific, VI.
331; Williams's mission to, x.xiv. 586.
Raritan, river. New Jersey, U.S.A..
XVII. 396.
Rasgrad. to-rni, Bulgaria, XX. 283.
R.\shba, Jewish rabbins, XX. 283.
Rashbam, Jewish Talmudist, XX. 283.
Rashi, Jewish rabbi, xx. 284.
Rashid billah, caliph, xvi. 588.
Rasht, town. Persia, XX. 2S5; XVIII.
628.
Rask, Rasmus Christian, Danish philo-
logist, XX. 286; VII. 93; XI. 200; XXI.
368.
R>SK0LN!KS, Russian Nonconformists,
XVII. 504; XXI. 81, 105.
Rasoherina, queen of Madagascar,
XV. 174.
Rasori, Giovanni, Italian physician,
XV. 814.
Rasp, coarse file, ix. 160.
Raspberry, plant and fruit, xilj. 276.
Raspe, Henry, landgrave of Thuringia,
X. 491.
, Rudolf Erich, author of Mun-
chausen, XVII. 23.
RAsse, cani.ivorous mammal, V. 7QT XV.
436.
Rassel.'VS, by Johnson, xill. 724.
Rastall, John, English printer, xx.
2S7.
Rastatt, or Rastadt, town, Germany,
XX. 2S6; congress of (1797), III. 131;
VI. 270.
R A S — R E B
367
KasteLL, John, English printer and
writer, xx. 2S7.
, John, English Jesuit, XX. 287.
, William, English printer and
judge, XX. 287.
Rastislaus, Moravian chief, X. 480;
XVI. 811.
Rastrick, town, England, xx. 287.
Raszyn, Poland, Battle of (1809), xxiv.
376.
Hat, rodent mammal, xx. 287; xv. 419;
XVII. 5; water-rat, KXIV. 277.
R.4TAFIA, essence, XX. 288; a-s liqueur,
V. 586; XIV. 686.
Ratak, island. Pacific Ocean, xvi. 257.
Ratan, cane, IV. 805.
Rate, of time or apace, xv. 748.
Ratel, carnivorous mammal, XX. 28S;
XV. 440.
Rathenow, toT\-n, Prussia, XX. 2S8.
Rathke, Martin Hcinrich, German
anatomist and physiologist, XXIV. 808.
ItATHKEALE, town, Ireland, XIV. 649.
Rathlin, island, Ireland, II. 142; XIII.
216.
Ratibor, town, Prussia, XX. 288.
Ratichius (Wolfgang Ratke), Gerniau
educationist, Vll. 673.
Ratio, in geometry, x. 382, 390.
Rationalism, theological tendency, xx.
289; in Germany, II. 192.
Ratisbon, town, Bavaria, XX. 291;
libraries of, XIV. 527, 547; conference
of (1541), V. 415.
R.\tit^, class of birds. III. 6gg; XVIII.
19.
Ratke, Wolfgang, German educationist,
\m. 673.
Ratlam, state, India, XX. 292.
R.^tnagiri, district and town, India,
XX. 292.
Raton, mountains. New Mexico, U.S.A.,
XVII. 399.
Ratramn, treatise by Erigena, VIII. 371.
Ratramnus, theological controversial-
ist, XX. 292.
Rat Snake, xxii. 194.
Rattazzi, Urbano, Italian statesman,
XX. 292; XIII. 4S8, 491.
Rattlesnake, xx. 293; xxii. 198.
Rattoo, Round tower of, Kerry, Ire-
,land, XIV. 52.
Rajtray, town, Scotland, xviii. 667.
Ratuma (Rouen), ancient town, France,
XXI. 12.
Rau, Karl Heinrich, German political
economist, XX. 293; XIX. 387.
R.\UCH, Christian Daniel, German
sculptor, XX. 294; XXI. 566.
Rau-Croix (Rocroi), town, France, XX.
616.
Rauden. district, Switzerland, xxi.
386.
Raudii Campi, Italy, Battlefields of
(218 and loi B.C.), XXIV. 164.
Rauhe Alb, mountains, Wurtemberg,
xXiv. 699.
Rauma, river, Norway, xvil. 575.
Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von,
German historian, xx. 294.
RAUP.'iCH, Ernst Benjamin Salonio,
German dramatist, XX. 295.
RavailLac, Francois, a-ssassin of Henry
IV. of France, XX. 295; IX. 566.
Ravelin, in fortification, ix. 445.
Ravello, Italy, Sculpture in cathedral
of, XXI. 567.
Raven, bird, xx. 293.
Ravenna, town, Italy, XX. 296; as
Gothic capital of Italy, XIII. 467 ;
battle of (1512), XIII. 481; XIV. 450;
basilicas of, III. 415, 418; mosaics of,
XVI. 852; sculptures at, XXI. 556;
round tower of, XXI. 22.
Ravensara Nut, xvii. 665.
Ravensburg, town, Wiirtemberg, Ger-
many, XX. 297; population, XXIV.
701.
Ravenshaw, J. A., on the ruins of
Gaur, India, X. 115.
Ravenswood, Queensland, Silver mines
at, XX. 173.
Ravi, river, Punjab, India, XX. 107.
Ravicz (Rawitsch), town, Prussia, XX.
298.
Rawal Pindi, district and town, India,
XX. 298.
Rawandis, Persian sectaries, xvi. 579.
Rawdon, Francis, marquis of Hastings,
XI. 516;
Rawitsch, town, Prussia, xx. 298.
Rawlev Springs, Virginia, U.S.A.,
XVI. 436.
Rawlins, town, Wyonimg, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 713.
Rawmarsh, town, England, xx. 298.
Rawtenstall, town, England, XX.
298.
Rawul Pindee (Rawal Pindi), district
and town, India, XX. 298.
Ray, fish, XX. 299; xii. 686.
, John, Englisli naturalist, XX. 300;
XVI. 838; on birds, XVIII. 4; as
botanist, IV. 79; as ichthyologist, XII.
631; on reptiles, XX. 433; his con-
tributions t3 zoology, XXIV. 804.
R.^Y.\TS, or Eyots, class of agricidturists,
India, XII. 770; XV. 289.
Rayleigh, Lord, on the theory of
spectroscopy, XXII. 374.
Raymond IV., count of Toulouse,
crusader, VI. 624; I.X. 53S; XXIII.
4S6.
VI., count of Toulouse, defender
of the Albigenses, I. 454; IX. 541;
XIV. 288; XXIII. 4S6.
III., count of Tripoli, XXIII.
161.
of Sabunde, theologian, XX. 301.
- — , Henry J., American journalist,
XVII. 435.
DU PUY, master of tlie Knights
Hospitallers, xxi. 17.;.
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas FrauQois,
French writer, xx. 302; IX. 668; as
journalist, xvu. 424.
Rays, of light, xiv. 578; optical pro-
perties of, XVII. 798.
Razin, Stenka, Russian rebel, xxi.'96.
Razor, in cutlery, vi. 734; hone for,
XII. 134.
Razor-Back, cetacean mammal, xv.
395-
Razorbill, bird, ::x. 302; x. 78; xxii.
120.
Razoumoffskin, mineral, XVI. 424.
Razzi, Giannantonio (Sodoma), Italian
painter, XXII. 245.
Rbat (Rabat), town, Morocco, xx. 192;
.XVI. 831.
Re, Isle of, France, xx. 302; battle of,
IV. 419.
Reade, Charles, EngUsh novelist, XX.
302.
Reading, town, England, xx. 303.
, town, Pennsylvania, U;S.A., XX.
304.
Clay Beds, in geology, x. 361.
Reading-Rooms, in I'braries, xiv,
537-
Readings, in law studies, xiii. 88.
Realejo, town, Nicaragua, xx. 304;
xvu. 477.
Real Estate, in law, xx. 304; dis-
position of, by will, XXIV. 571, 573;
inheritance of, XIII. 78: sale of, xxr.
206.
Realgar, imneral, I.. 635; xvi. 394,
yellow, XVIII. 51.
Real-Genetic Method, in theology,
Beck's, viL 337.
Reali DI Francia, romance, XX. 651.
Realism, Scholastic, xxi. 419, 433.
Reality, in psychology, xx. 55; in
meta physic, XVI. 81; in Hegelianisoi,
.XI. 618.
PvEAMER, mining implement, XVI. 443.
Reaping-Hook, xxi. 574.
Reaping-Machine, I. 322.
Reason, in relation to the Logos, xiv.
804; to religious truth, XXIII. 263; II.
232; Condillac's theory of, vl. 250; ia
Comte's philosophy, vi. 236; Cousin
on, VI. 525; Kant's Kritik, xiii. 850;
Peripatetic theory, xvill. 545 ; Scho-
penhauer's theory, XXI. 449, 451 ;
Stoic doctrine, XXII. 566, 568.
Reasonableness of Christianity
Locke's work, XIV. 757.
Reasoning, Logical, xiv.. 7S3; Locke
on, XIV. 760.
Reate, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
Re.\tines, Italian people, XX. 552.
Reaumur, Ren^ Antoine Ferchaidt de,
French physicist, XX. 308; his ther-
niometric scale, XXIII. 289.
Rebate, in law, i. 5.
Rebec, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
Rebecca and Rowena, Thackeraj-'s
burlesque, XXIII. 215.
Rebecca Riots, Wales, v. 115,
368
R E B — R E G
Reber, Balthasar, Swiss poet, XXII. 799.
Rfbia, Arab tribe, Mesopotamia, XVl. 48.
Rebus, xx. 30S.
R^CAMIER, Madame, French society-
leader, XX. 309.
Recanati, tow-n, Italy, xx. 309.
Recared, first Catholic king of Spain,
xxii. 308.
Rechabites, of Scripture, xx. 309;
XIII. 407.
, modern tsmperanee benefit socie-
ties, xxill. 159.
Rechna Doab, district, India, xvi. 789;
XX. 107.
Recife, town, Brazil, xviii. 551.
Reciprocals, Tables of, xxiii. 8.
RecitativO, in music, XVII. 86.
Reclaihing of Waste Lands, i. 402.
Recluse, The, Wordsworth's poem,
XXIV. 674.
Recoaro, spa, Italy, xvi. 434.
Recognizance, in law, xx. 309.
Reconcill^tign, in theologj-, xi. 734.
Reconnaissance, Geographical, in sur-
veying, XXII. 712.
, Military, xxiv. 363.
Recorde, Robert, English mathemati-
cian, XX. 310; on algebra, I. 514.
Recorder, English judicial officer, vi.
516.
, flute, IX. 350.
, of speed in steam engine, xxil.
509.
Records, Public, of England, xx. 310.
Rectification of the Circle, xxii.
433-
Rector, of an English parish, xviii.
296, 327.
, in universities, xxill. S33, 835.
Rectum, Anatomy of the, vii. 228.
Reculet, mountain, Switzerland, XIII.
7S1.
Recuperatio, in Roman law, xx. 686.
Recurvirostra, genus of birds, xxil.
552.
Red, Pigments of, xi.x. 87.
Redak (Rabbi David Kimhi), Jemsh
grammarian, XIV. 77.
Redan, in fortifitation, ix. 43^, 437.
Redbird, Summer, bird, XXIII. 45.
Redbreast, bird, xx. 314; migration
of. III. 765.
Red Cedar, tree, xiii. 774.
Red Clay Deposits, of Pacific Ocean,
xviii. 123.
Red Colours, m dyeing, vii. 574.
Red Cross Knights, Templars (j.r.),
xxiii. 160.
Red Deer, vil 25.
Reddingite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Redditch, town, England, xx. 315.
Redemptionists, Order of, ix. 66; xiv.
635.
Redemptus (J. A. Baranzaao), Italian
scientist, III. 358.
Red-Eye, fish, xxi. 49.
Red GUiM, skin disease, xxil. 122.
Red Indian Lake, Newfoundland,
XVII. 382.
Red Indians, or American Indians,
XII. 822, 830; distribution of, i. 6S5.
Redjangers, tribe, Sumatra, xxil. 640.
Red Lake, Minnesota, U.S.A., xvi. 476.
Redondela, town, Spain, xix. 455.
Redondilhas, in Portuguese Uteratme,
xix. 556.
Redones, Latin tribe in Gaul, xx. 401.
Redoubt, in fortification, IX. 434, 43S.
Red River, Canada, xvi. 475; xx. 315.
Red River, affluent of the Mississippi,
U.S.A., XX. 315; XVI. 518; in Texas,
XXIII. 203.
Red River, of Tong-King, xx. 315.
Red River Settlement, Canada, xx.
315-
Redruth, town, England, xx. 315.
Redruthite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Red Sea, xx. 316; pearl, fisheries of
the, XVIII. 447; Israel's passage of,
XIIL 399.
Redshank, bird, xx. 317.
Red Spider, mite, u. 276; xvi. 529.
Redstart, biid, xx. 317.
Reductio ad Absurdum, in logic, i.
59-
Reduction, in arithmetic, 11. 534.
Redut-Kale, town, Transcaucasia,
■Russia, xxill. 514.
Redwing, bird, xx. 310.
Red-Wing, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XX. 319.
Redwood, tree, xxi. 673.
Reed, plant, xx. 319.
, in musical instruments, XI. 483;
XVII. 705, 828.
Reed-Mace, plant, xx. 319.
Reed-Pheasant, bird, xxiii. 419.
Reed-Wren, bird, xxiv. 366.
Reef, Coral, vi. 377; xviii. 12S; xix.
420, 421.
Reefing, of sails, xxi. 599.
Reel, Scotch, dance, vi. Sol.
Reeler, bird, XXIV. 367.
Rees, Abraham, his Cyclopedia, vill.
196
Reese, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn. 367.
Reeve, female of ruff, bird, xxi. 54.
, Clara, English romance writer,
XX. 319
, John, Muggletonian leader, xvii.
12.
Refectory, in architecture, 11. 471.
Referee, in law, xx. 319.
References, Judicial, n. 312.
Referendu.m, Swiss electoral law,
XXII. 796; xxiv. 207.
Refining, of sugar, xxii. 627.
Reflecting Telescope, xxiii. 145.
Reflector, Lighthouse, xiv. 618.
Reflexion, Locke's use of the term,
xiv. 758.
, of light, XIV. 577, 586, 604; xxiv.
456, 457; laws of, XVII. 798; Newton
on, xviL 440.
Reflexion, of sound, 1. 106.
Reform, Parliamentary, early advocacy
of, V. 166.
Acts, English, xi. 191; viii. 365,
367; XVIII. 309; XXI. 64; xxiii. 727.
Reformation, The Protestant, xx.
319; V. 415; its influence on Biblical
interpretation, xi. 747; on education,
VII. 672; on ethics, viii. 595; in rela-
tion to question of inspiration of
Scripture, XIII. 156; influence of the
mystics on, xvii. 134; its effect on the
popedom, xix. 504; in relation to the
Renaissance, xx. 3S1, 388, 391; theo-
logj' of the Reformers, XXIII. 243; in
relation to the council of Trent, XXIII.
544; Leo X.'s attitude towards, xiv.
451; Luther's activity in, xv. 72 ^
Melanchthon's place in, xv. 833;
ZwingU's, xxiv. 832, 833; in England,
VIII. 325, 332; XI. 664; in France, IX.
558; in Germany, X. 497; in Ireland,
XIII. 263; in Poland, xix. 291, 301;
in Scotland, XIV. 132; xxi. 497, 499,
501; in Sweden, xxii. 747; in Switz-
erland, XXII. 790.
Reform.atory and Industrial
Schools, xx. 338; xix. 753, 757.
Reform Bill. See Reform Acts.
Reformed Churches, xx. 339; x.
469; XIX. 676. O98.
Reformed Chi rch in America,
(Dutch), xx. 339; xix. 698:
Refracting Telescope, xxiii. 139,
148.
Refraction, of light, xiv. 577, 589
605; atmospheric, II. 769; conical
XXIV. 450; double, XIV. 609; XXIV
445, 448; elimination of, in surveying
XXII. 699; optical laws of, XVII. 798.
801; in crystals, VI. 672; XVL 373.
, of sound, I. 106.
Refractor, Cylindric, for lighthouses,
XIV. 619.
Refrangibility of Light, Newtou
on, XVII. 440.
Refrigerated Preserved Food,
XIX. 709.
Refriger.^tor Machines, xii. 612.
Regalia, of England and Scotland, xv.
340; British sceptres, XXI. 3S5.
Regality, Burghs of, Scotland, iv. 63.
Regattas, boating contests, xxi. 30.
Regency Administration, xx. 340.
Regensburg (Ratisbon, 5.1).), town,
Bavaria, xx. 291.
Regent, Position of, as administrator,
XX. 340.
, university officer, XXlll. 835.
Regent's Park, London, xiv. 824.
ReGGIO, province, Italy, IV. 651.
, Duke of (Oudinoi), French mar-
shal, XVIII. 73.
Dl Calabria, town, Italy, KX.
341.
NELL' Emilia, town, Italy, xx.
341 ; university of, XXIII. 836.
11 E G — R E M
369
Recia, building, Runn--, XX.' 819.
Regicide, Tlic, Smollett's play, XXII.
184.
KEGI^■.^LD Dalton, Lockliait's huvlI,
XIV. 763.
Rlcio.MONTANUS, German astioiioim;i,
XX. 341; II. 751; XVII. 709; his
almanacs, I. 591; liis contiibutions tu
tiigonometry, XXIII. 562.
Rlgiones, of ancient Rome, xx. 832.
Regis, Pierie Sylvain, Cartesian pliilo-
soplier, VII. 127.
Register, in law, xx. 342.
Registered Letters, xix. 570.
Register Ton"n.\ge, xxiii. 442.
Registration, in law, xx. 342.
Regiu.m (Reggio di Calabria), ancient
'.own, Italy, XX. 341.
Lepidi (Reggio nell' Emilia),
ancient town, Italy, XX. 341.
Regnard, Jean Francois, Freucli dm-
niatist, XX. 346; VII. 426.
Regnault, Henri, French painter, :<.\.
346.
, Henri Victor, French chemist, xx.
347; his law of gases, xxil. 480; liis
e.\periments on temperature. III. 385.
, Jean Baptiste, French painter, XX.
347-
— DE Montauban, somauce, x ..
652.
Recn'Ier, Mathurin, French satirist and ]
poet, XX. 347; IX. 651.
Regnitzhof, town, Bavaria, xil. 43.
Regno, The, of Italy, xiii. 469
Regulars, Congregation of, Church of
Rome, x.x. 629.
Reguline Ore, xvi. 58; silver, xxii.
69.
Regulus, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
, of metals, XVI. 61.
, Marcus Atilius, Roman consul,
XX. 34S.
Rehearsal, The, Buckingham's bur-
lesque, VII. 435.
Transprosed, The, Marvel's
satire, XV. 589.
Rehme, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
Rehoboa.M, king of Judah, xill. 406.
REICHA, Anton Joseph, BoheinJaii
musical writer and composer, XX. 34S.
Reichenau, islet, Lake of Constance,
Baden, XX. 349; library of, XIV. 513.
Reichenbach, town, Prussia, XX. 349;
battle of (1762), III. 129.
, town. Saxony, x.x. 349.
, waterfall, Swil/eiland, XXII. 777.
, Baron von, flernian niagnetizer,
XV. 278.
, Georg von, German ostrononiical
iustrument-makcr, XX. 349.
, H. G. L., on birds, xviil. 13, 17.
RElCHENP.ERn, to\ni, Bavaria, xx. 349.
Reichenh.^LL, watering-place, Bavaria,
XX. 349; mineral water of, xvi. 434.
Reichsrath, Austrian iniptnal parlia-
ment, III. 122.
Reichstadt, Duke of (Napoleon II.),
XVII. 226.
Reichstag, German imperial parlia-
ment, VII. 199; .X. 463.
, Hungarian parliament, III. 122.
Reiu, Maync, Irish-Anicr'ican story-
writer, XX. 349.
— , Thomas, Scottish philosopher, XX.
350; his ethics, vill. 604; on taste and
beauty, I. 221; his place in English
literature, viil. 432
, Sir. William, Scottish scientist, XX.
352-
Reiftrager, mountain, Gci-niany, xx.
552-
Reigate, town, England, xx. 352.
Reign of Terror, of French Revolu-
tion, IX. 606; XX. 603.
REli\I.\RUS, Hermann Samuel, German
theologian and p'uilusoplier, XX. 352,
290; XIV. 481.
Rei.MS, or Rheinis (y.r.), tiAvn, France,
XX. 507.
Reinald I. -IV., dukes of Guelderland,
XI. 243.
Reinardus ET Ysengrinus, niediieval
poem, viii. 83S.
Reinaud, Joseph Toussaint, French
Orientalist, XX. 353.
Rei.n'DEER, ungulate mammal, vil. 24;
of Newfoundland, xvil. 383; of Nor-
way, XVII. 581; of Spitzbergeii, XXIl.
409; e.'ctinctiou of, in Western Europe,
II. 336; Lapp method of collecting
them, XIV. 30J.
Moss, XIV. 560.
Rei.neke Vos (or FucHs; (Reynaitl the
Fo.x), German beast-epic, viii. 838; X.
522, 527; XXI. 319; Goethe's ver>ion
of, X. 74j; Kaulbacli'.s illustiiitions of,
XIV. 17.
Reine Margot (Marguerite de Valois;,
XV. 539.
Rein HOLD, Karl Leonhai-d, Gei-man
philosopher, XX. 353.
Reinite. mineral, XVI. 403.
Rhinkens, Juneph Hubert, Old Catholic
lJi^hop, xvil. 755.
Rlis, I'hilip, telephonic inventor, -XXlll.
127, 128, 130.
Reisch, George, his Margarita I'liilu-
sophica, VIII. 193.
Reiske, Johanii Jacob, German, Greek,
and Arabic scholar, XX. 354.
Reissite, minwul, xvi 422.
ReithrodON, genus of rodent mainnials,
xvii. 6.
Rej, Polish poet, XIX. 300.
Rejaf, village, on Nile, Africa, xvil.
506.
Rejang, river, Borneo, XXI. 306,
Rejected Addresses, James and
Horace Smith's parodies, XXII. 173.
Rekkm (Peti-a), ancient to«ii, Syria,
XVIII. 706
Rekisvinth, Gothic king, his code of
law^, X. 851.
kELAND, Adrian, Dutch Orientalist,
XX. 355.
Relapse, The, Vanbnigk's play, xxiv.
54
Relapsing Fever, xxiii. 6S0; xviii.
403.
Relativity, of knowledge, i. 58; i«y-
chological law of, XX. 49.
Relevancv, in law, viii. 738.
Relics, Religious, xx. 355; pilgiimages
connected with, XIX. 95.
Relief, in sculpture, ix. 205; xvii. 34,
x.xi. 571.
, Photographic, XVIII. S34.
Church, Scotland, x. 599; xix.
685; XXIII. 728.
Religio Medici, Sir Thomas Browne's
work, IV. 390.
Religion, Religions, xx. 358 ; as
object of scientific study, vii. 333;
XXIII. 262, 272; origin of, viii. 622;
in i-elation to evolution, viil. 766; to
metaphysics, xvi. 99 ; to mythology,
XVII. 136; to mysticism, XVII. 129; to
rationalism, XX. 289; to socialism,
XXII. 219; to totemism, XXIII. 467,
474; ancient, XXIII. 235; of Ismel,
XIII. 409, 416, 419; modern theistic
problems, XXIII. 245 ; sacrificial, XXI.
132; Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 569;
Zoroastrian, xxiv. 822; Hegel's theory
of, XI. 621; Herder on, XI. 729; Loi-d
Herbert's works on, XI. 722.
, Natiual, Hume's Dialogues on,
XII. 355.
OK Nature, Wollastou's. xxjv.
633-
OF Protestants, by Chilling-
worth, V. 625.
Religious Tests, xxiii. 199.
Religious Tract Society, xxiii.
494-
Kllkovic, Matthiaa Anthony, Servian
s;itirist, XXI. 691
Relly, James, American L'uivcrsalis;,
XXIII. 831.
Remainder, in law, xx. 372.
Re.\I.\K, Robert, his enibryological in-
vestigations, VIII. 167.
Rembanc, town, Java, xiii. 606.
Rembrandt (Rembrandt Harmens van
Rijn), Dutch painter, XX. 373; XXi.
439-
Remedies, Tlieory of, in medicine, xv.
796.
RE.MEDlUS(Remigius),bisliopof Rheiuis,
XX. 378; IX. 528; XXI. 420.
Remedy, in coining, xvi. 4S2, 484.
Reme.mbrance. Hamilton's theory of,
11.731.
Remi, St (Rei.iigius), bishoji of Rheinis,
XX. 37S; IX. 528; XXI. 420
Rejiigius, St, bishop of Rheinis, XX.
378; IX. 528; ds scholastic philo-
sopher, XXI. 420.
Re.mijia, genus of plants, XX. 186.
Re.miremoxt, town, France, XX. 379.
370
K E M — i{, E S
Remonstrants, party of Dutch Pro-
testants, XX. 379; II. 552; XII. 78.
, in Scottish history, XXI, 514.
Remontoire, clock, VI. 27.
Remscheid, town, Rhenisli Prussia,
XX. 379.
Remus, brother of Romulus, XX., 840.
REMUS.\T, Abel, French Chiuese scholar,
XX. 379.
, Charles Francois Marie, Comte de,
French politician and man of letters,
XX. 379.
, Claire Elizabeth J. O., French
■writer, X.X. 379.
, Paul de, French writer, XX. 380.
Ren.^ISS.'VNCE, XX. 380; in architecture,
U. 436; relations of, to Catholicism,
XIV. 451; coins of, XVII. 654; its effect
on Italian literature, XIII. 506; Latin-
ity of, XIV. 342; its inlluence on the
Reformation, XX. 323 ; its influence
in Rome, xx. 805; theism of, XXIII.
243; Petrarch's place in, XVIII. 709.
Renaix, town, Belgium, XX. 394.
Renal Colic, disease, vi. 140.
Renan, Ernest, his view of Christ, n.
191; XIII. 670, 672.
Renato, CamiUo, Italian mystic, XXII.
228.
Ren.\UDIE, Godefroi de Barri, Seigneur
de la, French conspirator, IX. 560.
R^NAUDOT, Eusebe, French theologian
and Orientalist, XX. 394.
, Theophraste, French publicist,
XVI!. 412, 423.
Rendsburg, town, Prussia, XX. 394.
Ren6 I., duke of Anjou, count of Pro-
vence, and king of Naples, XX. 394;
II. 58; XV. 536; XIX. 878.
Renegado, Massinger's play, xv. 619.
Renery, Henri, early Cartesiah philo-
sopher, VII. 119.
Renfrew, county, Scotland, xx. 395;
town, XX. 396.
Reni, Guido, Itaban painter, XX. 396;
XXL 437,443
Rennel, island, Solomon group. South
Pacific, XXII. 252.
Rennell, James, English geographer,
XX. 398; his survey of India, X.
1 88; on the geography of Herodotus,
I. 245.
Rennell's Current, in Atlantic, lii.
20.
Rennes, toOTi, France, XX. 401.
Rennet, for cheese making, v. 455; vi.
77"-
Rennie, James, on ornithology, xvin.
15, 18.
— — , John, Scottish engineer and
architect, XX. 402; hi.') design ior
London Bridge, iv. 334.
1 Sir John, English engineer, XX.
402.
Kkno, river, Italy, xm. 436.
Rent, in law, xx. 402; taxes qn, XXIII.
87; in relation to value, XXIV. 50;
Ricliard Jones's theory, XIX. 377:
Riiardo's theory, XIX. 374; XX. 1133;
Adam Smith oti, XIX. 367; ground
rent, XX. 403.
Rent Charge, on land, England, xiv.
275-
Renwick, James, Scottish martyr, xxi.
5'7-
Repeating Watch, xxiv. 397.
Rephaim, of Scriptm-e, I. 747; in.
410.
Replevin, in law, xx. 404; AVTit of,
XXIV. 695.
Reporting, Newspaper, xx. 404; short-
hand, XXI. 841.
Repousse, metal- work, xvi. 72; xix.
179; Japanese, XIII. 591.
Representation, Parliamentary, Brit-
ish, XX. 344.
Representative Government, xi.
12; xviil. 302; John Stuart Mill's
treatise on, XVI. 313.
Re»resentatives, House of, United
States, XXIII. 749.
Reproduction, Animal, xx. 407; in.
686; theories of, XXI. 723; of Crus-
tacea, VI. 642; of Mollusca, XVI. 6S2;
of Protozoa, XIX. 836; of sponges,
XXII. 424.
• , Vegetable, XX. 423; IV. 119;
arrest of growth by, XXIV. 84; of
Diatomaccie, vii. 170; of Fungi, ix.
829.
Reproductive Organs, their liabi-
lity to disease in obsolescence, xvill.
383; of animals, XX. 408; of birds. III.
727; of fishes, XII. 660; of mammals,
XV. 368; of molluscs, XVI. 637, 682;
of reptiles, XX. 462; in jjlants, XX.
424. See also Generation.
Repsold, Johann Georg, German
instrument-maker, XX. 432 ; his
micrometer and heliometers, XVI. 246,
253; his tele.5copes, XXIII. 150.
Reptantia, section of Mollusca, xvi.
648.
Reptiles, or Reptilia, division of
animal kingdom, XX. 432; analogies
between them and birds, xviii. 42;
XXI. 323; mimicry in, xvi. 342;
olfactory organs of, xxii. 166; skele-
ton of, XXII. 106 ; ta.xidermy of,
XXIII. 90; in Lankester's classifica-
tion, XXIV. 812; works on develop-
ment of, VIII. 168.
Repton, England, Crj-pt of church at,
VI. 668.
Republic, ancient Roman, xx. 735.
, Plato's treatise, xix. 203.
Republican, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
XVII. 307.
Party, in United States, xxni.
757> 771-
Repudlation of Debt, National, xvn.
245-
Repulsion, in magnetism, xv. 221.
Requena, town, Spain, xx. 473.
471;
Reredos, in architecture,
pasition of, I. 641.
Resby, James, Scottish martyr, XX 1.
491.
Rescht (Rasht), town, Persia, XX. 285;
XVIII. 628.
Rescripts, Imperial, in Roman law,
XX. 705.
Reselia, genus of plants, xvi. 2S9.
Resende, AndrfS de, Portuguese scholar.
XIX. 557.
, Garcia de, Portuguese writer, xix.
556.
Reservation, Mental, in Liguonanism,
XIV. 638.
Reservations, Indian, xii. 830, 833.
Reserve, Naval, of Great Britain, xvil.
296.
Reserves, 01 British army, 11. 581.
Reservoir, for water-supply, xii. 479;
XXIV. 405.
Resetting, in law, xxiii. 233.
Reshal, Jewish rabbi, XX.' 473.
Reshid, Ottoman WTiter, xxili. 657.
Pasha, Tiu-kish minister, XXIIL
651.
Residual Analysis, Landen's theorem
of, xiv. 271.
Resilience, of matter, vn. 808; xxil.
602.
Resin, Resins, xx. 474; iv. 88; xi.
276; XVI. 428; copal, VI. 342; dammar,
VI. 795; frankincense, IX. 709; lac,
XIV. iSi; XXIV. 91; for gas-making,
X. 100.
Resina, town, Italy, xx. 474.
Resistance, in mechanics, xv. 750.
Resolutioners, of Scottish Church,
XIX. 683; XXL 514.
Resonator, Musical, xvii. 105.
Resorcin, derivative of benzol, XVlll.
855.
Respiration, xx. 474.
Respirator, for cutlers and firemen,
IX. 170.
Respiratory Organs, ::x. 475; tlieir
connexion with blood aiculation,
X.XIV. 102, 108; of Amphibia, I. 766;
of birds. III. 726; of crustaceans, vi.
640; of fishes, XII. 656; of mammals,
XV. 365; of reptiles, XX. 458.
Restaud, Sophie (Sophie CottinV,
French writer, VI. 481.
Restif, Nicolas Edme, French wiiter,
XX. 486.
Restigouche, river. New BrunswicK,
XVII. 373.
Restoration, The, in England, viii.
348; Monk's share in, XVI. 752; parlia-
ment after, XVIII. 308.
Restout, Jean, French painter, XX.
487.
, Jean Bernard, French painter, XX.
487.
Restriction, in psycholog)-, xx. 46.
Resultant Tones, in music, xvii.
93-
E t: .S — R H E
371
Kesitrrection, of the dead, vill. 535;
in Jewish and Christian apocalyptic,
II. 175; XV!. 56, 315; XX. 597; St
Paul's doctrine of, XVIII. 426.
, of Jesns Clirist, XIII. 669; Gospel
accounts of, X. 805, 811, S40.
Retentiveness, in psychology, XX.
46.
Retford, East, toTv-n, England, X.x.
4S7.
JRethei Alfred, German painter, XX.
4S7.
Reticul.\RIA, class of Protozoa, XIX.
845.
Reti.mo, town, Crete, vi. 572.
Rei'ina, of the eye, I. 888; VIII. 817,
S21.
RETlN-iiSPHALT, mineral, XVl. 428.
RetinITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
Retinitis, eye disease, xvii. 784.
Retinoscopv, in ophthalmology, xvii.
7S7.
Retorsion, in international law, xiii.
'9+
Retort, for distiUatio %ni. 262; of
platinum, xxii. 637.
Retrk-vt of the Ten Thousand
(401 ac), XI. 103 ; xxiv. 720.
Retropinna, genus of fishes, XXI. 221,
224.
Retting, of flax, ix. 294.
Returns, Government, statistical, XXII.
464.
Retz, Cardinal de, French writer and
politician, XX. 4SS; ix. 572.
(Eais), Gilles de, marshal of France,
XX. 258.
Retzius, Andreas, on American Indians,
XII. S21.
Reuben, son of Jacob, xx. 489.
, Tribe of, XIII. 401; XVIII. 176.
Reuchlin, John, German humanist,
XX. 489; hb attitude towards the
Reformation, XX. 325; his influence in
the German Kenaissance, XX. 3S8; on
the Kabbalah, xm. 813.
Reunion, island, Indian Ocean, xx. 491.
Reus, tow-n, Spain, XX. 493.
Reuss, German principalities, XX. 493.
, river, Switzerland, XXII. 776.
, or Reus, Count de (Juan Prim),
Spanish statesman, XIX. 732.
, Edward, on the Pentateuch, xvill.
508.
Reussine, mineral, xvi. 402..
Reuter, Fritz, Piatt Deutsch writer,
XX. 494; as poet, xviii. 348.
, Julius, Gcrjnan news-agent, xvii.
413.
Reutlingen, town, TVr.rtemberg, Ger-
many, XX. 495; population, XXIV. 701.
Reuthnger, Susanna, second wife of
Kepler, XIV. 47.
ReVAL, to^vn, Ru.=sia, XX. 495.
, Nicolas, Hungarian wTiter, XII.
377-
R£VDINSK. town, Russia, xviii. 550.
Revel (Reval), town, Russia, xx. 495.
Revelation, Divine, 11. 190; xm. 154;
Christianity asreligion of, v. 69 1 ; Biljle
as record of, in. 634; v. 691 ; in nature,
xxm. 264; by oracle, xvii. 808; in
relation to rationalism, xx. 289; II.
232; to theology, XXIII. 261; in Xeo-
platonism, xvii. ^^2'> Critique of, by
Fichte, XI. 134.
, Book of, New Testament, XX. 496;
XIX. 823.
Revelg.ani, town, India, XXI. 304.
Revenue, National, ix. 171; per head,
xvii. 247.
Reverend, title, xxm. 418.
Reversibility, Principle of, in wave
theory of light, XXIV. 426.
Reversion, in animal descent, XXI. 788.
, in law, XX. 372.
Reversionary .'Annuities, ii. 84.
Revetment, in fortification, ix. 428,
445-
Reviews, periodical literature, xviii.
536-
Revival of Learning, xx. 380.
Revolt of Isla.m, Shelley's poem,
XXI. 793.
Revolution, of the planets, 11. 782.
, of the earth, its geological effects,
X. 216.
, of 1688, in England, vill. 351.
, French, of 1789, IX. 596; its
influence on England, vill. 360; on
Germany, X. 504; French, of 1830, IX.
619; French, of 1848, IX. 621.
Revolver, firearm, Xl. j2S;; Colt's, vi.
166.
Revue des Deux Mondes, French
periodical, IX. 680; xviii. 540; XXI.
164.
Rex, Roman ruler, XX. 732.
Rewah, state, India. XX. 501; t0T\-n,
XX. 502.
Rewari, subdirisiou of Gurgaon, India,
XI. 332; to^^Tl, XI. 232-
Revb.\z, collaborator with Mirabeau,
XVI. 497.
Reyer, Ida Laura (Madame PfeifTer;,
traveller, xviii. 726.
Reykjavik, town, Iceland, xii, 619.
Re\'NARD the Fox, mediaeval fable,
VIII. 838; I.X. 641; X. 522, 527, 741;
XIV. 17; XX. 659; XXI. 319; Kaul-
bach's illustrations of, XIV. 17.
Reynaud, Jean, expounder of Druidi.sm,
VII. 479.
Reynes, John, bookbinder to Henry
VIII., IV. 42.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, English painter,
XX. 502; XXI. 441; his colouring,
xviiL 139.
Reynolds's Weekly Newspaper,
xvii. 419.
Rezani, people, Italy, XXII. 150.
Rezzon ICO, Carlo (Pope Clement XIII.),
V. 823.
Rha, rhubarb, XX. 529.
Rhabdites, structures in planarian
worms, XIX. 170.
Rhabditis, genus of nematode worms.
xviL 325.
RnAEDOCCELA, tribe of pianarian
worms, XIX. 171, 174.
RHABDOil.\NCY, usc of the divining
rod, XV. 206.
RhabdopleuR-A, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
434, 435-
Rhabdus, sponge, xxii. 416.
Rhachiodontid^ family of snakes,
XXII. 192.
Rhadamanthus, or Ehadamanthys, of
Greek mythology, xx. 504; in Ely-
sium, VIII. I 56.
Rh-ADAmes (Ghadames;, town, Sahara,
Africa, X. 4.
Rh^tia, Alpine province, Roman
empire, XX. 504.
— ■ — , Ten Jurisdictions of, Swiss con-
federation, XXII. 786.
RH.ETIAN Alps, 1. 627.
Rh.«tic Rocks, in geology, x. 353.
Rh.ETICL'S (Rheticus), George Joachim,
mathematician, XX. 508; XXIII. 9, 562.
Rhagite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Rhagon Type, of sponges, xxii. 414.
Rhamnus, town, Greece, ill. 60.
Rhamphocorys, genus of. birds, xrv.
316.
RhamphORHYNCHUS, fossil reptile, xx.
86.
Rhangab£, llichae? I., Byzantine em-
peror, XVI. 226; XVII. 482.
Rhapis, genus of palms, xvm. 190.
Rhapsodists, Greek, XIL 109.
RhaZES, Arabian alchemist and pnysi-
cian, I. 464; XV. 805.
Rh£ (Re), Isle of, France, XX. 302;
battle of (1627), IV. 419.
Rhe.\, bird, XX. 505; XVIII. 44.
, Greek divinity, vi. 744; XXI. 321.
Fibre, xx. 506; ix. 133.
Rhecium (Reggio di Calabria), ancient
town, Italy, XX. 341.
Rheiiis, town, France, XX. 507; am-
pulla at, I. .777; Eculptiu'es in cathe-
dral, XXL 562; trades school, xxm.
loS.
Rhein (Rhine, q.v.), river, Europe. XX.
518.
Rheinbund, Leibnitz's plan of a, xiv.
418.
RheinfelD, spa, Switzerland, XVI. 434.
Rheing.\U, district, Germ.any, XVIJ.
238; XX. 520.
RheithrosciuruS, genus of rodent
mammals XXII. 438.
RhenaNUS, Beatus, German humanist,
X.x. 508.
Rheneia, island, Greece, vil. 51.
Rhenish Prussia, province, Prussia,
XX. 20.
Rhenish Wines,xxiv. 602, 610.
Rheostat, electric instrument, vin. 45.
Rheotannic Acid, xx. 530.
372
R H E — R I C
RHESvENA, district. >re-«oiiot,iinia, XVI.
48.
Rhesus, of Euripides, viii. 67S.
Rheticus, George Joacliiiii, luathem.v
tician, XX. 508; his contiibvitions to
trigonometry, XXIII. 562; his trigono-
metrical tables, xxill. 9.
Rhetoric, XX. 508; Latin, xiv. 333;
in relation to sophistry, x.xil. 265; of
Aristotle, II. 517; of Lysias, XV. 118;
Quintilian's contributions to, XX. 187;
Sanskrit works on, XXI. 293; Whate-
ly's work on, xxr\'. 530; Cliambers
of, in Dutch literature, XII. 91.
Rheum, genus of plants, xii. 287; XX.
529.
Rheum.'^tic Fever, xx. 516; xviii.
397-
Rheumatic Gout, xx. 518.
Rheum.\tism, disease, XX. 516; sili-
cylate of sodium in treatment of,
XXI. 217.
Rheumatoid Arthritis, disease, xx.
518.
Rheumic Acid, xx. 530.
Rhevdt, town, Rlienish Prussia, XX.
518.
Rhijnsburgers, Dutch sect, xxii.
400.
Rhin, Haut, former department of
Finnce, I.X. 50S.
Rhine, river, Europe, x.\. 518; X. 449;
in Holland, XII. 63; in Switzerland,
XXII. 776.
, Confederation of tlic (1806'), III.
133; IX. 615; XVII. 210.
RhiNELAND, province, Prussia, X.X. 20.
Rhine Wine, xxiv. 602, 610.
Rhinobatid.e, family of fishes, xx.
299.
Rhinoceros, ungulate mammal, xx.
521; XV. 428; of India, xii. 742; of
Java, XIII. 60;:.
Rhinochetus, genus of bii-ds, xvii.
376; XXII. 653.
Rhinodon, genus of sharks, XXI. 777.
Rhinolophid.«, familv of bats, xv.
412. J
Rhinopoma, genus of bats, XV. 413. j
Rhinotmetus, Justinian II., emperor
of the East, XIII. 798.
Rhio (Riouw), town, near Bintang,
IncVan Archipelago, ill. 679; xil. 818;
xyii. 639.
Rhion, town, Greece, xvi. 53.
Rhipsalis, genus of CactaceiP, IV. 626.
Rhizocarpe.'e, subclas-s of ferns, i.\.
105.
Rhizome, root-stock of plants, iv. 98.
Rhizophor.\ genus of trees, XV. 481.
Rhizopods, or Foraminifera, XIX. 371.
RHIZOTA, oraer of Rotifera, XXI. 7.
Rhode Island, State, U.S.A., xx.
523; Roger AVilliams's colonization
of, XXIV. 587; colony of, XXIII. 730;
opposition of, to the Union (1790),
XXIII. 752. 754.
Rhode Island Case (184S), U.S.A.,
XXIV. 472.
Rhodes, island, ,Ege.->n Sea, XX. 525;
its connexion with Pha'nicia, XViii.
805; relations with Rome, XX. 751;
establislimeut of Kniglils Hospitallers
1, XXI. 174; conquest of, by the Turks
(1522), XXIII. 643; coins of, XVII.
647 ; town, XX. 525; Colossus at, II.
365- ■
, Outer and Inner, divisions of
Appenzell, Switzerland, 11. 211.
Rhodian Ware, pottery, xix. 621.
Rhodicium ^Rovigo), Latin town, Italy,
XXI. 29.
Rhodium, chemical element, v. 536;
XIX. 189, 191.
Rhodizite, mineral, XVI. 396.
Rhodochrome, mineral, xvi. 414.
Rhododendron, shrub, xx. 526: xil.
260; of Ceylon, v. 362.
Rhodonite, mineral, xvi. 417.
Rhodope, mountain, Thrace, XXIII.
318.
Rhodosperme.€, suborder of Algse, I.
508.
Rhombic System, of crystals, xvi.
359-
Rhombus, genus of fishes, xxiii. 625.
Rhone, river, Europe, XX. 527; IX.
506; in Switzerland, XXII. 776.
Rh6ne, department, France, XX. 528.
RhopaLOCERA, group of insects. Xill.
151.
Rhubarb, vegetable and drug, xx. 529;
XII. 287.
Rhune, mountain, France, XX. 126.
Rhupenian Dynasty, of Armenia, II.
548.
Rhus, genus of trees, xiii. 592.
Rhyl, town, Wales, xx. 530; IX. 327.
Rhymer, Tho.nas the. early Scottish
poet, XXIII. 30S.
Rhvmnev, town, England, xx. 530.
RHYNCH.eA, genus of birds, XXII. 200.
Rhvnchobdellid.«, family of leeches,
XIV. 404.
Rhynchocephalia, order of reptiles,
XX. 437, 444, 44S.
Rhvnchoflagell.\TA, class of Pro-
tozoa, XI.X. 860.
Rhvnchonellid.'E, family of Brachio-
poda, IV. 195.
Rhvnchophora, group of beetle.s vi.
133: XXIV. 477.
Rhynchops, genus of birds, XXII. 120.
Rhynchotus, genus of bii'ds, XXIII.
403-
Rhvnd.\cus, river, Asia Minor, II. 707;
XVII. 122; XVIII. 853.
Rhys ab Tewdwr, TVclsh prince v.
319-
Rhythm, in poetrv. xix. 257, 262; m
prose, X.X. 513.
Rhvthymno, town, Crete, vi. 572.
Rhytina, genus of .sirenian mammals
XV, 390.
Rl, Japanese measure, xin. 569.
RiAD, town, Nejd, Arabia, II. 254.
Kialto, island, Venice. XXIV. 141;
bridge of the, IV. 332.
RiBAT fRabatl, town, Morocco, XX.
192.
Rib.\ULT, or Ribaut, Jean, French navi-
gator, X.X. 531; colonizer in South
Carolina, U.S.A., xxn. 288.
Ribble, river, England, xiv. 252.
Ribbon-Fishes, XX. 531; xii. 684,691;
XXI. 609.
Ribbons, xx. 531.
RiBEiRA Grande, to^vn. Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
RiBEiRO, Bernardim. Portuguese writer,
XIX. 556.
, Jouo Pedro. Portuffuese historian,
XIX. 557.
, Joao Pinto, Portugv.ese statesman,
XIX. 548.
RiBERA, Jusepe (Lo Spagnoletto),
Spanish painter, XX. 532.
RiBES, genus of plants, Vl. 715; X. 779.
RiBOT, Thi5odule. on evolution, vill.
767.
RiBS, Anatomy of the, I. 822; movements
of, in respiration, XX. 478; treatment
of, in surgery, XXII. 6go; in vertebrate
skeleton, XXII. 113; in mammals, xv.
358-
, in architecture, II. 472.
RiCARDO, David, English political
economist, XX. 533; XIX. 373; on
laljour, value, and capital, XXII. 213.
Ric.\soli, Bettino, Baron, Italian states-
man, XIII. 491.
RiCAUT, Sir Paul, English traveller and
diplomatist, XXI. 116.
RicCATi, James, Count, Italian mathe-
matician, XX. 535.
Ricci, Antonio, Venetian architect,
XXIV. 153.
, Lorenzo, general of the Jesuits,
xiir. 654.
, Ludovico, Italian economist, XIX.
363-
, Matteo, Jesuit missionarj- in China,
X.X. 536; XV. 145; xvi. 513.
RiCClARELLI, Daniele, Italian painter,
XX. 537.
RicciEvE, class of liverworts, XVII. 6g.
Riccioli, Giovanni Battista, on .astro-
nomy, II. 754.
RICCOBONI, Madame, French Avriter,
XX. 538.
Rice, xx. 538; culture of, under irriga-
tion, XIII. 369; in India, III. 248, 56S;
XII. 747; XVIII. 409; in Japiin, XIII.
574; in Jav.a, XIII. 603; in Madagascar,
XV. 172.
Paper, xx. 539.
Starch, xxii. 456.
Rich, Claudius Jame.s. traveller and
Orient.ilist, XX. 539.
, Edmund, archbishop of Canter-
burv, VII 668.
R I C
I N"
>to
Rich, Jolin, English pantomimist, xviii.
2I5.
, Rohert, earl of Warwick, English
]x)stma.«t€r, XIX. 563.
Richard I., Cteur de Lion, king of Eng-
land, XX. 539; VIII. 305; IX. 541; his
coronation, vi. 429; his exploits inPale-
.stine, VI. 628; his ransom, xiv. 844.
II., of England, XX. 541; viii. 319;
x:v. 256; dethronement of, XI. 659;
his relations with William of Wyke-
ham, XXIV. 585.
III., of England, XX. 542; viii. 328.
, earl of Cornwall and king of the
Romans, XX. 542.
, the Fearless, duke of Normandy,
XVII. 541.
, the Good, duke of Xorniandy,
XVII. 542.
, duke oi York, XXIV. 752; viceroy
of Ireland, XIII. 261.
of Cirencester, English chronicler,
XX. 542.
of Middletown, scholastic philo-
sopher, XXI. 429.
of St Victor, scholastic philosopher
and mystic, XX. 543; XVII. 132; XXI.
425.
DE BURV, bishop of Durham, III. 85.
RlCHARDI.\, genus of plants, XII. 264.
RlCH.\RDSON, Sir John, Scottish natur-
alist and Arctic explorer, XX. 543; X.
193; XIX. 319.
, Samuel, English novelist, XX. 543;
his place in EngUsh literature, Vlil.
430.
RiCHBOROUGH CASTLE, Kent, England,
V. 197.
RiCHEBOURG, French dwarf, vii. 567.
Richelieu, river, Canada, xx. 165;
XXI. 181.
— — , Cardinal de, XX. -544; IX. 567; his
jealousy of Corneille, VI. 417; patron
of French Acatlemy, I. 74; his Spanish
policy, XXII. 331
, Due de, French marshal, xx. 544;
IX. 588.
, Due de, governor of Odessa, XX.
544-
Richer, Jean, on deviations of the
pendulum, vii. 597.
Richerus, French chronicler, XX. 545.
Richibucto, town, New Brunswick,
XVII. 375; river, XVii. 373.
RICHMAN, G. W., his fatal electrical
experiment, viii. 6.
Richmond, town, Surrey, England, xx.
545-
, town, Yorkshire, England, XX. 545;
XXIV. 748.
, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xx. 545.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., XX. 545.
— , suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, XV.
836.
, Legh, English writer, XX. 546.
Park, England, xx. 545.
xiCH's System, of shorthand, xxi. 837.
Richter, Ernst fricdrich Eduard,
German writer on music, XX. 546.
, Jeremias Benjamin, German chem-
ist, v.. 463.
, Johaun Paul Friedrich (Jean Paul),
German humori-st, XX, 546; X. 541;
on iBsthetics, I. 226; on education, vii.
677.
RICI, Paul, KabbalLstic ^\Titer, XIII.
813.
RiciMER,patrician of the Roman empire,
XX. 547, 781; XV. 311.
RiciNUS, genus of plants, V. 200.
Rickets, disease, xx. 548; xviii. 373.
RiCKMAN, Thomas, Engli.sh architect,
XX. 548.
Ricoilitous (Biom), Roman town,
Fiance, XX. 564.
RiDDELL, John L., his binocular prisms,
XVI. 273.
RiDDERSK, tovm, Siberia, XXIII. 439.
Riddle, enigma, xx. 549; of the
sphinx, XXII. 398.
RiDEAU, river and canal, Of tawa, Canada,
XVIII. 68; XXI. :8o.
RiDERFORT, Gerard de, master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 161.
RiDCEWAV, ancient roadway, Wilts,
England, xxiv. 594.
Riding, on horseback, xii. 195.
, division of Yorkshire, England,
XXIV. 748.
Ridley, Henry, anatomist, i. 813.
, Nicholas, bishop of London, XX.
549-
RiDUNA (Alderney), Channel Islands,
England, I. 473.
RiEL, Louis, leader of French Indians,
Canada, XX. 315.
RiELLA, genus of livenvorts, xvil. 67.
ftlEMANN, G. F.- Bernhard, German
mathematician, XX. 550.
RiENZl, Cola di, senator of Rome, XX.
800; Xlll. 480.
, Lytton's novel, xv. 122.
, Wagner's opera, XXIV. 313.
RiESENER, Henri Francois, French
portrait-painter, XX. 551.
, Jean Henri, French cabinetmaker,
XX. 551.
RiESENGEBiRCE, "mountains, Germany,
XX. 551; III. 116.
RiESENKOPPE, mountain, Germany, XX.
552-
Riesling Vine, xxiv. 609, 611.
RiESS, Peter Theophil, his contributions
to electrical science, VIII. 15; his
thermo-electrometer, viii. 55.
-Riestedt, Germany, Dolmen at, XXI.
' 52-
> RiETBERO, Count of (Kaunitz), Austrian
' statesman, xiv. 18; IX. 587.
I RIETI, town, Italy, XX. 552; XXI. 129.
Rietschel, E. F. August, German
sculptor, XX. 552.
Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, England,
I XXIV. 749.
RiF Hills, Morocco, xvi. 830.
Rifle, firearm, xi. 282; penetrating
power of. ■ IX. 428 ; sporting, XXI.
835.
Association, of Great Britain,
XXIV. 295.
Rifled Cannon, xi. 308.
RiFLEM.\N-BiRD, or Rifle-Bird. xx.
553-
Rifli.»jg, of cannon, XI. 294.
Riga, town, Russia, XX. 55.^,
Rig.\UD, Hvacintlie. French ^nter,
XX. 554.
Rigdon, Sydney, Mormon leader, xvi.
826.
Rigging, of a ship, xxi. 153, 594.
Right, in law, xiv. 361.
, Petition of, xvill. 705.
Hand of Fellowship, salutation,
XXI. 237.
Honourable, title, xxiil 418.
OF Search, Maritime, xxi.
608.
OF Way, in law, xix. 705.
Rights, Bill of, English (1689), xx.
555-
GF Man, Declaration of the,
France, ix. 599.
OF Man. Paine's book, xviii.
136.
Rigid Figure, Kinematics of a, xv.
691.
Rigidity, Modulus of. vii. 805, 815;
XXII. 595.
RiCl KuLM, mountain. Switzerland,
XXI. 465.
Rigorism, in casuistry, xiv. 636.
Rig-Veda, Erahnianic;il sacred books,
XXI. 275; IV. 202; XII. 780; philo-
sophy of, XXIV. 117; on Hindu
astrology, U. 739; language of, II.
673.
Rijn, Rembrandt Harmens van (Rem-
brandt), Dutch painter, XX. 373.
Riksdag, Swedish parliament, xxii.
742.
RiLLE, river, France, xvill. i.
Ri.maC, river, Peru, XIV. 644,
Rime in \'ita, Petrarch's j'Oem, xvill.
711.
Rimer, hand tool, xi. 438.
Rimini, town, Italy, xx. 555.
RiNALDO, Count (Pope Alexander IV.),
I 487.
, architect of Pisa ca-.hedral, xix.
122.
, Tasso's poem, Xlll. 510; xxill.
76.
RiNCKHART, Martin, German hymn-
^\Titer, XII. 5S6.
Rinderpest, cattle disease, xvii. 59;
I. 304; in Cheshire (1866), v. 589.
RINDFLEISCH, Georg Eduard, his
scheme of diseases, xvill. 361.
Ring, .Astronomical, Gemma's, xvn.
251.
, Finger, xx. 560.
374
R I N — R O B
RiNGBERG, mountain, Germanr, xxi.
349-
Ring DES Nibelungen', Wagner's oper-
atic tetralogy-, xxiv. 314. •
RlNG-DOVE, bird, VII. 379.
RiNGELSPiTZ, mountain, Switzerland,
XXI. 169.
Ring-Money, Celtic, xvii. 630.
Ring-Ousel, bird, xviii. 75.
Ring-Sangs, ballads or dancing songs,
III. 2S5.
Ring Snake, xxii. 194.
Ringworm, disease, xvui. 269; xxii.
124.
Rjnieri's Thermometer, xxiii. 288.
Rink, for skating, xxii. 105.
RiNMANN's Green, pigment, xxiv.
7S7.
RiNTELfl, Germany, University of, XXIII.
845, 848.
RINUCCINI, Ottavio, Italian musical
composer, xxiv. 315.
Rio, Ercole del, Italian chessplayer, V.
601.
Riob.\mba, town, Ecuador, South
America, xx. 562.
Rio de Janeiro, town, Brazil, xx.
562; obserratory at, xvil. 716.
Rro Grande, river. West Africa, XX.
564.
Rio Grande pel Norte, river. North
America, XX. 563; XVII. 400; XXIII.
203.
Rio Grande do Norte, river, Brazil,
XX. 563.
Rio Grande do Sul, river, Brazil,
XX. 564.
Rio Grande do Sul, town and pro-
vince, Brazil, XX. 564.
KIOJA, Spp.in, AVine of, XXIV. 607
RiOM, to^Ti, France, XX. 564, i:io.
Rion, river, Caucasus, V. 253; xxin.
5'3-
RiONERO IN VOLTURE, town, Italy,
XX. 564.
Riot, in law, xx. 564.
RiO TiNTO, mines, Spain, XII. 334.
Rlpuw, town, near Eintang, Indian
Archipelago, III. 679; XII. S18; XXII.
639.
Riparian Laws, xx. 565.
RiPH, Jewish rabbi and Talmudist, XX.
566.
RiPiDOLlTE, mineral, xvi. 414.
RiPLEV, town, England, XX. 567.
, George, American critic and man
of letters, XX. 567.
RiPON, tcwh, England, XX. 56S; Wil-
frid's connexion with, x.xiv. 566.
Falls, Nile, Africa, xvil. 505.
RIPPERDA, John William, Baron, poli-
tical adventurer, XX. 568; as Spanish
minister, XXII. 338.
Ripples, on water, xxiv. 420.
Rippling, of flax, ix. 294.
RlPPOLDSAU, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
R1PUAK.IAN Law, Franiish, xxi. 214.
RiPUARlANS, Frankish people, l.x. 723;
X. 476.
RiQUETl, XVI. 492, 498. See Mirabeau.
Riquier, St. France, Library of, xiv.
513- _
Rir', Wady, Sahara, -Africa, xxi. 150.
RiSPETTO, Italian song, XIX. 272.
RISSI, Peter, Swiss leader, XXII. 785.
RlST, Johann, German hymn- writer,
XX. 56S; XII. 586.
RiSTORO d' Arezzo, Italian tt-riter, Xlll.
501.
Ritenbenk, district, Greenland, XI.
171.
Rites, Sacred, Confn"egation of. Church
of Rome, XX. 630.
RiTSCHL, Albrecht, German theologian,
on Pietism, XIX. 84.
, Friedrich Wilhelm, German
scholar, XX. 569.
Ritson, Joseph, English antiquary, XX.
570.
Rittenhouse, David, American astro-
nomer, XX. 570.
, Vi'illiam, papormaker, Philadel-
phin, U S.A., XVIII. 740.
Ritter, Carl, German geographer, xx.
570.
Rittingerite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Rituale Romanum, liturgical book,
XIV. 710.
RiUKiu (Lew-Chew) Islands, North
Pacific, Xiv. 489; XIII. 570; language
of, XIIL 586.
RiVA, town, Tyrol, X. 75.
Rivals, The, Sheridan's play, xxi. 798.
Riv.^rol, Antoino de, French writer,
XX. 571; IX. 670.
Rivas, town, Nicaragua, xvii. 477.
, Dukp of (Ar^cl Ae Saavedra),
Spanish poet and poUtician, xxi. 122;
XXII. 343, 361.
RiVE de Gier, town, France, XX. 571.
River, Rivers, xx. 571; flow of water
in, XII. 492 ; formation of tars of, x.
277; XX. 575; gauging of, XIJ. 509;
geological action of, X. 272 ; pl'oprie-
taryrightsin, XX. 565; tides in, XXIII.
353) 3^2; water of, xxiv. 398; in
relation to water-supply, xxiv. 404;
influence of wind oh, XII. 497.
Engineering, xx. 571; of Miss-
issippi, XVI. 520; of Po, XIX. 251.
Mussel, mollusc, xvii. 1 10.
RiVERO, Peruvian naturalist, XVIII, 676.
River Pearls, xvjil 447-
River Plate, South America, 11. 489.
River Poplar, tree, xi>l 512.
Riviera, district, Italy and France, xx.
581; XIII. 437, 441; Italian dialect of,
XIIL 493.
Riviere, Captain, French commander,
Tong-King, xxill. 441.
Rivinus, Augustus Quirinus (Bach-
mann), on plant classification, IV. 79.
Rivolt, Duke of (Massiiia, q.v.), French
marshal, XV. 6 1 6.
RivOTITE, minerr.1, X'.T. 4?S.
Rixdorf, suburb of 'Berlin, Germany,
XX. 5S1.
RiVAM, sanctuary, Arabia, XXIV. 741.
RlZA, Tomb of, at Meshed, Persia, XVL
46; XVIII. 626.
Rizzio, David, Queen Marys secretary,
XX. 581; XV. 596; XXI. 504.
RJEV (Rzheff), to\vn, Russia, XXI. 1 19.
Roach, fish, xx. 582; xii. 692; angling
for, II. 41.
Road, Rule of the, m driving, XI. 811;
at,sea, xvil. 277.
Roads, xx. 582; bridges on, iv. 285;
r.:iVing of, XX. 582, 583; tolls on,
XXIII. 436; underground, in mines,
XVI. 455; Telford's construction of,
XXIIL 155.
Roan Le.^ther, xiv. 388.
Koanne, town, France, XX. 588.
, plain, France, XIV. 807.
Roannez, Due de, his relations witfe
Pascal, XVIII. 334.
Roa-Poua, island, Marquesas, Pacific^
XV. 564.
Roaring Forties, or brave west 'uinds,
in meteorology, XVI. 146.
Roast- Beef Plant, ix. 279.
Roasting, of meat, vi. 332.
Roatan, island, Honduras, XII. 131.
Robbers, The, Schiller's play, xxi. 395.
Robber Synod, at Ephesus, xiv. 448.
Robbery, in law, xxiii. 231, 233.'
ROBBIA, Andrea della, Florentine
sculptor, XX. 590.
, Giovanni deUa,Florentine sculptor,
x-x. 591.
, GiroIamodella,Florentinesciilptor,
XX. 592.
, Luca della, Florentine sculptor,
XX. 588.
ROBENHAUSEN, Switzerland, Lake-
dwellings at, XIV. 223.
Robert I., king of France, xx. -592;
IX. 536.
, duke of France, IX. 525.
, the Angevine, king of Naples,,
x;n. 477.
(Hrolf), duke of Normandy, xx.
627; IX. 535; XVH. 539.
, duke of Normandy, father of
William I., IX. 537; xvn. 542.
, duke of Normandy, son of William
L, his relations -n-ith William Rufus,,
VIII.- 301; XVII. 544; xxiv. 577.
the El lice, king of Scotland," X.X.
592; XXI. 488.
II.-Ill., of Scotland, xxL 490.
of Eelesme, Norman noble, XI.
656.
of Brunne, early English writer,
VIII. 410.
of Gloucester, English chronicler,
XX. 596; his chronicle, Vin. 410.
, Hubert, French painter, XX. 595.
, Louis Leopold, French painter^
XX. 595.
R O B — R O E
375
Robert, M., French aeronaut, I. 188.
, Ealiel Antonie, wife of Vamhagen
von Ensc, XXIV. 91.
GuiscARD, duke of Apulia, XX.
596, 791; XIII. 470.
Heron, pseudonym of John
Pinkerton, XIX. 107.
ROBERT-HOUDIN, Jean Eugene, French
conjuror, XIV. 415; xv. 209.
Robert le Diable, Meyerbeer's opera,
XVI. 222.
Roberts, David, Scottish painter, XX.
597- I
, Eichard,' his improvements on
cotton-spinning mule, vi. 498.
Robertson, Frederick William, English
preacher, XX. 597.
, John, his elelntpts of navigation,
XVII. 258.
— -, Thomas William, dramatist, XX.
598.
, William, Scottish historian, XX.-
599; his place in English literature,
VIII. 431.
Roberval, Gilles Personne de, French
mathematician, XX. 601; his method
of tangents, XIII. 8.
Robespierre, Ma.\imilien Marie Isi-
dore, French Revolutionist, XX. 601;
IX. 602, 607; his relations with Napo-
leon, XVII. 195
ROBIGALIA, Roman festival, xv. 570.
Robin, bird, xx. 314; i.K. 142; Aus-
tralian, xxiv. 537.
of Redesdale, Rising of, in England
(1469), XVIIl. 94.
RoBiNE Canal, Narbonne, France,
XVII. 229.
RoElNET, Jean Baptiste Ren^, on evolu-
tion, VIII. 760.
Robin Goodfellow, woodland spirit,
XX. 606.
Robin Hood, xx. 605, 658, 660; xvii.
599-
Robinia, tree, II. 318.
Robin Redbreast, or Robin, XX. 314;
III. 765.
Robins, Benjamin, Engiisn natural
philosopher, XX. 607; inventor of bal-
listic pendulum, XI. 297; on rifled
cannon, II. 557.
Robinson, Anastasia, countess of Peter-
borough, xviii. 701.
, Dr, on wind .gauges, II. 25.
, Edward, American Biblical scholar,
XX. 607.
, John, English Independent, XX.
60,8; XII. 725.
, John Thomas Romney, Irish astro-
nomer, XX. 608.
Crusoe (Alexander Selkirk), xxi.
639-
Crusoe, Defoe's work, vii. 28.
Crusoe's Island, xiil 758.
ROBISON, John, his magnetic researches,
XV. 237; his connexion with the En-
cycloptedia Brilannica, VIII. 200, 201.
Rob Rov, Scottish outlaw, XX. 608.
Robs.^rt, Amy, wife of earl of Leicester,
XIV. 425.
RoBUSTi, Domenico, Italian painter,
XX. 611.
, Jacopo (Tintoretto), Italian painter,
XX. 608.
, Marietta, daughter of Tintoretto,
XX. 610.
Roc, fabulous bird, XX. 61 1.
Rocambole, vegetable, xii. 287.
Rocc\, second husband of Madame de
Stael, XXII. 441.
RoCH, St, Franciscan monk, xx, 611.
RocHD.\LE, town, England, xx. 611.
Roche Bernard, La, to^v-n, France.
XVI. 813.
RocHEFORT, town, France, XX. 612.
Rochefoucauld, Due de la, French
writer, XIV. 317, S67; IX. 663.
ROCHELLE, La, town, France, XX. 612;
siegeof (1627), IV. 419; IX. 56S; syncul
of (167 1 ), XIX. 694.
Salt, xxiii. 69.
RocHERS, Les, chateau, Brittany, Franee,
XXI. 705; XXIV. 263.
Roches, Peter des, bishop of Winchester,
XL 658.
Rochester, to^vn, England, xx. 613.
, town, New York, U.S.A., XX. 614.
, Earl of, poet, XX. 614.
Keep, Kent, England, v. 198.
ROCHE-SUR-YON, I^ town, France,
XX. 615.
Rochet, episcopal dress, VI. 463.
RocHON, Ale.\is Marie, his micrometer,
XVI. 252.
Rock, or Distaff, for spinning, XIV.
664.
ROCK.WVAV Beach, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., XIV. 866.
RocK-BoRiNG Machines, iil 80S;
XVI. 444, 446.
Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia,
U.S.A., XVI. 436.
Rock-Cook, fish, XXIV. 686.
Rock Cork, mineral, XVI. 418.
Rock-Crvstal, mineral, xvi. 389.
Rock-Cut Temples, of India, 11. 394.
Rock-Dove, bird, vii. 379.
Rocket, in pyrotechny, XX. 136; ap-
paratus for shipwreck rescue, XIV. 572;
military, I. 745; II. 661.
, R. Stephenson's locomotive engine,
XX. 225.
Rockfleet Castle, Mayo, Ireland, xv.
651.
ROCKFORD, town. Illinois, U.S.A., xx.
615.
Rockhampton. town, Queensland, XX.
615.
Rock-Hopper, bird, xviii. 492.
Rockingham, Second Marquis of,
English statesman, xx. 615; vin. 358;
XIX. 137.
Rock Island, town, Illinois, U.S.A.,
X.X. 616.
Rockland, town, JIaine. U.S.A., xx.
616.
Rock of Ages, Toplad/s hymn, xn.
594-
Rock of Cashel, Ireland, v. 175.
RocK-OiL, XVIII. 712.
Rock-Pigeon, bird, xxi. 259.
Rocks, Characters of, X. 229.
Rock-Salt, mineral, X. 228, 232; XXI.
230.
RocK-ScULPTURES, in Phrygia, XViii.
850.
Rock-Snake, XX. 144.
Rock Soap, mineral, xvi. 425.
Rocky Mountains, North America,
XXIII. 796; 1.674: ecological structure
of, X. 372.
Rocky Mountain Sheep, ii. 102.
Rocquancourt, France, Aqueduct of,
II. 222.
ROCROI, tow-a, France, XX. 616; battle
of (1643), IX. 571.
RODA, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
RODBERTUS, Karl Johann, German
socialist, XX. 616: XXII. 206.
218.
RODENTlA, or Rodents, order of Mam-
malia, XV. 415.
RODERICK, Gothic king, XXII. 309.
Random, Smollett's novel, xxii.
184.
ROD^RIQUE, Jean Ignace de. Cologne
gazetteer, XVII. 428.
RODEZ, town, France, XX. 617.
RODGERS, John, American naval officer,.
XXIII. 760.
Rodger's Anchor, ii. 6.
Rodmar, in the Nibelungenlied, xvii.
474-
Rodney, Lord, Engiisn admiral, xx.
617.
Rodomna (Roanne), ancient town,
France, XX. 588.
Rodomum (Rouen), ancient town,
France, xxi. 12.
RODOSTO, to\VTi, Turkey in Europe, XX.
618.
RODRIGO Diaz de Bivar (the Cid),
Spanish hero, v. 773; XXIL 315.
Rodriguez, island, Indian Ocean, xx-
618; XV. 642; solitaire of, bii-d. III.
722.
of Toledo, Spanish chronicler, xxii.
354-
, Pedro. Spanish economist, xix.
363
Roe, of fish, XII. 660.
, Muckle, island, Shetland, Scotland,
XVII. 846.
, Nathaniel, English logarithmist,
XIV. 775.
, Sir Thomas, English political
agent, xx. 619.
RoEBLiNG, John Augustus, American
engineer, XX. 619.
Roebuck, John, founder of Carron iron-
works, Scotland, xxiv. 413.
376
K O E — R O M
Roe Heer, vii. 24; shooting of, XXI.
834
RoEMER, Olaus, Danish astronomer, XX.
620.
ROERMOND, town, Holland, XX. 620.
ROESKILDE, to\vn, Denmark, XXIV. 771.
ROFIA Palm, Madagascar, XV. 170.
ROFREIT (Roveiedo), town, Tyrol,
Austria, XXI. 2S
Rogation Days, xx. 620; 1. 654;
litanies for, XIV. 695.
Roger I. -III., counts of Foix, IX. 354.
I., •,'rand-count of Sicily^XX. 620;
xiiK 471; XXII. 25.
II., count of Sicily, and first king,
XX. 620; XXII. 26; conquest of Tunis
liy, XXIII. 621.
of Hovedon, English chronicler,
XII. 319.
of Wendover, English chronicler,
XX. 620.
Bernard I.-III., counts of Foix,
IX. 354.
Rogers, James E. Tliorold, on econo-
mics, XIX. 399.
, John, editor of JIatthe\\"'s Bible,
XX. 620; VIII. 386
, Samuel, English poet, XX. 620.
Rogue, river and valley, Oregon,
U.S.A., XVII. 822.
Rohan, Benjamin de, Due de Soubise,
Huguenot, XXII. 277.
, Charles de. Prince de Soubise,
French marshal, XXi: 277.
, Emmanuel de, grand-mast«r of
Knights of St John, XX'.. 175.
, Henri de, French general and
writer of memoirs, XX. 622.
, Louis Ken^ Edouard, Cardinal de,
XX. 622.
ROHILKHAND, or Eohilcund, division,
India, xx. 623.
ROHILLAS, tribe, India, III. 372.
Rohitsch, spa, Styria, Austria, XXII.
614.
RoilLFS, Gerhard, his travels in Afriua,
I. 247.
ROHR, Ju'.iaun Friedrich, German theo-
loijian, XX. 290.
ROHRI, town, India, xxi. 803.
ROHTAK, district, India, XX. 623; io-\va,
XX. 624.
RoiG, Jaume, Catalan poet, xxil. 363.
RoiSDORF, spa, Prussia, xvi. 436.
RojAS, Ferdinand de, Spanish dramatist,
XXII. 356.
ROJAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish
dramatist, X.x. 624; vii. 421; XXII.
359-
ROKEEY, Scott's poem, XXi. 549.
ROKELLE, river, Sierra Leone, Africa,
xvii. 496; xxii. 45.
ROKITANSKV, Freiherr von, Viennese
pathologist, XX. 624; XV. 817.
ROKYZANA, Johann, leader of Calixtine
sect, XVI. 811.
Roland, Camisard leader, iv. 744.
ROLAND, Jean Marie, French Revolu-
tionist, XX. 624; IX. 603.
, Madame, French Revolutionist,
XX. 624; IX. 603.
, Chanson de, IX. 637; X. 523.
, Legend of, XX. 626, 650; XXIII.
669.
Rolandslied, German baUad, X. 523;
IX. 637.
Rolf (RoUo), Scandinavian rover, XX.
627; IX. 535; XVII. 539.
Roll, PapjTus, xv«i. 232.
Rolland, John, early Scottish pout,
XXI. 542.
ROLLE OF HAMPOLE'S PsaLTER, VIII.
3S3.
Roller, agricultural implement,!. 319;
steam, for road.s, XX. 583.
, bird, XX. 627.
Roller-Mills, for flour, ix. 345.
Roller-Skating, xxii. 105.
P^OLLIN, Charles, French historian, xx.
627; IX. 668.
Rolling Contact, in mechanics, xv.
755-
Rolling Mills, Iron, xiii. 328.
ROLLO, Scandinavian rover, XX. 627;
IX. 535; XVII. 539.
ROLLOCK, Robert, Scottish theological
writer, XX. 628; XXI. 542.
Rolls, manuscripts, xviii. 144
, English records, xx. 310.
, Master of the, English judge, XX.
628.
Roll Tobacco, xxiii. 426.
Rom, island, Schleswig-Holsteiii, XXI.
414.
RomaGNOSI, Giovanni D. G. G., Italian
economist, XIX. 3S7
Romaic Language (Modern Greek),
XL 135; dictionaries of, vil. 1S4.
Roman, prince of Volhynja, XXI. go.
, river, Honduras, XII. 13a
, The, Dobell's poem, vii. 307.
Architecture, ii. 414.
Baths, hi. 434.
Camp, iv. 750.
— — 1 Candle, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
Catholic Church, xx. 62S;
form of baptism in, III. 351; bishojis
in, III. 7SS; celibacy in, v. 293; con-
cordats, VI. 241; influence of crusades
on, Vi. 624; etonomic influence of,
xi.x. 352; the Inquisition, XIII. 91;
liturgy of, XIV. 708; the popedom,
XIX. 489; Propaganda, XIX. 809;
in relation to the Reformation, XX.
319; Vatican Council, xxiv. 110; in
Europe, VIII. 712; in Italy, XIII. 458.
Catholic Emancip.\tion Act,
England, XX. 631.
Romance, Romances, xx. 632; Arals
XXin. 5; French, IX. 63S; German, X.
527, mythical, xvil. 158; Persian,
xvin. 657; Portuguese, xi.\. 557;
PK)ven9al, XIX. 873; Spanish, XXII.
354> 357. 363: Syriac, xxil. 834.
Ro.mance Languages, xx. .661; xrv.
340; Diez's works on, vil. 214; dic-
tionaries, of, VII. 184.
Roman Cement, v. 328.
Roman de la Rose, early French
romance, IX. 643; William of Lorria's
part in, XXI v. 585; tmnslation of, by
Chaucer, v. 451.
Roman Drama, vii. 409.
ROMAN DU Renart, early French
poem, IX. 641.
Roman Emperor, title, viii. 179; xx.
769.
Roman E.mperors, Chronological table
of, XX. 781.
Roman Empire, Holv, viii. 181; xx.
787.
Romanesque Architecture, ii. 422.
Roman History, xx. 731. See Rome.
Roman 1, or Roumans (q.v.), race of
people, Europe, XXI. 16; XXIV. 268.
Ro.MANi Language (Gipsy), x. 613;
dictionaries of, vii. 189.
Ro.MANlN.^, La (Marianua Bulgarelli),
jatroness of Metastasio, xvi. 104.
Ro.MANiNO, Girolamo, Brescian painter,
XXI. 436, 443.
Roman Inscriptioks, xiii. 124.
Roman Law, xx. 669; relation of
modern international law to, XIII.
191 ; Justinian's codification of, XIII.
792; schools of, XIV. 164.
Roman Literature, xx. 715-; rhe-
toric, XX. 514; romance, XX. 633; iu
time of Virgil, XXIV. 248.
Roman Numerals, 11. 525; xvii.'62S.
Romano, Giulio (Giulio Pippi), Italian
painter, XIX. 112; XV. 504.
Romanoff, royal family, Russia, xxi.
95-
Romanoff - Borisoglyebsk, town,
Russia, XXIV. 731.
Ro.MANOS, Ramon M., Spanish satirist,
XXII. 361.
Roman Roads, xx. 582; Itinerariuiii,
xin. 517.
Romans, town, France, xx. 727.
, Epistle to the, XX. 727.
Romansch Language (Kumonsch or
Ladin), XX. 668; Xlil. 492; diction-
aries of, VII. 186.
Romanshorn, town, Switzerland,
XXIII. 331.
RO.MANTICISM, in English literature,
XX. 857; in French, IX. 675; VII.
427; in German, X. 541; vii. 443;
Schelling on; XXI. 390; in Polish
literature, XIX. 304; in music. III. 598.
ROMANUS I.-IV., empcroi's of the East,
XX. 730.
, early hymn-writer, .\JI. 5S0.
, the physician, SjTiac writer, XXII.
S46.
Roman Walls, Britain, 11. 139; XJ.364.
ROMAN Writing, xviii. 155.
Roma Quadr.\ta, ancient Rome, xx.
812.
E O JT — R O S
377
Romberg, Miiritz Ilcinricli, German
pljysician, xv. 817.
RoMBLON, islaiul, Pliilippines, xviii. I
752-
Ro.NfE, Ancient, History of, XX. 731
(index, 838); empire in Asia, 11. 699;
under Augustus, III. 79; con(iuest of
Britain by, iv. 352; VIII. 264; XXI.
474; in timu of Ciesir, IV. 634; wars
mth Carthage, v. 161; empire at lime
of Christ, Xlll. 662; ruLitious with
Jews in time of Christ, x.\. 727;
relations of, to Christianity, v. 691,
693; under Constantino, vi. 299; luu-
quest of Egypt by, VII. 748; extent vl
the empire, X. 176; conquest of Caul |
by, IX. 527; of Germany, X. 474; siege
and pillage of, by the Goths, I. 443;
conquest of Greece by, XI. 108; under
Nero, XVII. 349; struggles with Par-
thian empire, XVIII. 595 ; conquest
of Sicily by, XXII. 21; of Spain,
XXII. 305; attack on Svmcuse, xxii.
817
, Ancient, Topography and archreo-
logy of, II. 343; viii. 840; XX. 807
(index, 838); agriculture of, I. 292;
amphitheatres, I. 774 ; architecture,
II. 414; architecture of churches, II.
434; army, II. 562; basilicas. III. 415;
taths, HI. 434 ; coins, xvii. 637, 652;
colonies, vi. 158; comitia, vi. 194;
commerce, vi. 199; office of consul,
VI. 313; decrees of, on inscriptions,
XIII. 132; drama, VII. 409; edu-
cation in, VII. 671 ; festivals, IX.
114; games, X. 65; glass-making, X.
648; improvements in, under Trajan,
XXIII. 505; libraries, XIV. 511; orders
of nobility, xvii. 526; religion, XX.
371; influences on religion of, XIII.
780; slavery, XXII. 131; Stoicism in,
XXII. 572; ta.xation and finance, IX.
173; tenure of land, xiv. 260; terra-
cotta remains, xyill. 194 ; theatres,
XXIII. 224
. Modern, XX. 833 (index, 838) ;
XIII. 467; at close of the papal tem-
poral power, XI.K. 1 58 ; sack of, by
Constable de Bourbon (1527), v. 822;
XIII. 41,2; carnival, V. 122; Catacombs,
V. 207, mural paintings in Catacombs,
XVII. 43; dialect, XIII. 496; libraries,
XIV. 528, 548; newspapei-s, xvii. 431;' j
observatory at, xvil. 714; schools of )
painting, xxi. 438, 443; picture gal- )
leries, XXI. 446; Michelangelo's art-
work in, XVI. 231; Raphael's, XX.
277; C^iristian pilgrimages to, XIX.
94; sculpture, XXI. 568, 570; univer-
sity, XXIII. 836.
, town, Xew York, U.S.A., XX. 338.
, Foundation of, Eia ef, v. 712.
ROMEITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
Ro.ME L.\ Grant, Latin romances, X.X.
637.
RoJiFORDu town, England, xx. 838.
ROMILLY, Sir Samuel, English jurist,.
XX. S3S: on Miiabeau, xvi. 494.
ROMNEY, George, English painter, XX.
839.
M.A.RSH, Keut, England, xiv. 37.
M.\RSH Sheep, i. 392.
Ro.MNY, town, Russia, XX. S40: XIX. 410.
RoMUALD, founder of Camaldulians, IV.
721.
ROMULL'S, legendary founder of Eonic,
XX. 840; wall of, in aneieut Koun-,
XX. S12.
, collection of fables, xvtil. 727
.'XUCt-'STtJLUS, Roman emperor,
XX. 7S1; xvn. 726.
KOXALDSIIAV, iilaud.s Oikiiey, Scot-
land, XVII. S46.
RONCAGLIA, Il.ily, Diet nf (1154), XIII.
472.
RONCESVALLPS, Pneuee-s, Tiattle of
(778), XX. 626; XXII. 310.
RONUA, town, Spain, xx. 840.
, Serrania de, mountain giwip,
Spain, XXII. 294.
Ro.MiEAU, or Kundel, short poem, X.X.
840; early French, IX. 644.
RONLiELLT, Guillaume, French ichthyo-
logist, XII. 631.
RONDELETIUS, Jacoous, Swedish vritcr,
XXII. 754.
RONG, re^'ion, Tibet, XXIII. 339.
RONGBACHA, district, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
RoNGE, Johann, leailer of the German
Catholics, .x. 444.
RONMEBURC, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
RONSARD, Pierre de, French poet, XX.
841; IX. 6i;o; his alexandrine vei-se,
I. 500.
RONSARDISTS, school of French witers,
IX. 651
RONSDORF, town, Prussia, XX. 842
Rood, in architectiu-e, II. 473,
Roof, in building, IV. 4S4; VII. 347;
can-ed wooden, XXIV. 647.
Roofing Tiles, xxiii. 387.
Roof of the World, platean, Turke-
stan, x.\lll. 633; sources of the Oxus
in, XVIII. 102.
Rook, liii^, xx. 1142; vi. 617; craniiun
of. III. 715
ROOKE, Sir Geor;;e, English naval com-
mander, XX. 843.
ROORICEE, town, India, XXI. 152.
RoosEBEK, Belgium, Battle of (i382\
IX. 548.
UpoST, whirlpool, Shetland, Scotlaml,
XXIV. 542.
AooT, Roots, of plants, iv. 94; pressure-
at, XIX. 46; cunatiire of, XIX. 60
Crops, Culture of, 1. 364.
Roots, cf nuTnbers, IL 532; xvii. 6r ;.
Rope, xv. 843.
ROPEX, ^>Irs. diiagliter of Sir Thomas
.-•iote. xn 'f.o.
iiO?EWAI.ir^?l>.ri,iSG. XX. Sn.'
KSftUZTAVOUR. l-'ranii, AqueJiia of,
ROREE (Ruhri), town, India, XXI. S03.
RORIDDLA, genua of insectivorous
plants, xill. 137.
RORQU.VL, eetiU.caii niiiumal, XV, 395;
x.xiv. 524.
KousciiACH, town, Swilzcrhnd, xxi.
169.
RoKV O'MoiUw Lovci-'.'; novel, XV. 29.
k<j^\, giiiiis of plants, XX. S50.
, Monte, Pennine Alps, i. 635; xxiv.
3'-
, Francisco Martinez de l.a. Spamsli
poet, XXII. 361.
, Salvator, Italian lainlei' and satir-
ist, XX. 846; as poet, -XIII. 512.
Rosamond, wife of Albom, king ol the
Lombards, xiv. 814.
, Fair, mistress of Hemv IL of
England, XX. 848.
RoSaniline, dye, II. 48.
Ros.VRio, to\ni, Argentmc Repubbc, XX.
848.
, El, town, Mexico, viii. 155
Rosary, in Roman Catholic Cntu'ch,
XX. 84S.
Ros.\S, JIanuel de, presulent of Argen-
tine Republic, XX. 848; II. 491.
ROSCELLINUS, scholastic philosopher,
XX. 84S; XXI. 421.
ROSCHER, Wilhelni, German economist,
XIX. 391.
RoSCHLAL'li, Andreas, Ueiinan physi-
cian, XV. 814.
RObCiAD, The, by Churchill, v. 766.
RosciANL/'M (Rossano), ancient town,
Italy, XX. 855.
RosciL'3, Roman actor, vii. 412.
ROSCOE, William, Eugli>h writer, XX.
849.
RoscOELiTE, mineral, xvi. 426.
Roscommon, county, In-land, xx. 849;
representation, xxill. :'27; to«ii, XX.
S50
, Earl ol, poet, XX. S50.
ROSCREA, Tower of, Ireland, XXIII. 406.
Rose, plant, xx. 850; x.u. 260; of
Nishapur, Persia, XVIII. 624.
, or Erysipelas, skin disease. VIII.
531; x.xii. 122.
, Roman de la, early French romance,
IX. 643; V. 451; XXIV. 585.
, Valentine, on the writings of Aris-
totle, II. 512.
Roseau, town, Dominica, West Indies,
VII. 354.
ROSELITE, mineral, XVI. 404.
RosELLE, to\ni, Italy, I VIII. 636; XI.
212
ROSELLINI, Ippolito, Italian Egyptolo-
gist, XX. 851; V. 387; works of, on
Egyptian monuments, XI. 8cx"
Rose-Malloes," incense, XII. 7ii
Rosemary, pli.^it, xx. 851; xii. 28c.
ROSENBLATI, Vilibrandis wife if
CEcolanipadiu:., xvii. 729.
ROSENHANL, Gustaf, Swedish JKiet,
XXII. 754.
\XV. - 48
878
R 0 S — R O U
RosENHor, Rosel von, on protoplasm,
XIX. 828.
RosENKREUZER (RosicTUcians), fabu-
lous secret society, XX. 852.
ROSENSTEIN, Kils von, Swedish writer,
XXII 757.
ROSENSriEHL'S GREEN, pigment, XIX.
88.
Rose of Jericho, plant, xx. 851.
R05E0LA, skin disease, xv. 65S; XXII.
1 22.
Roses, Attar of, xviii. 526.
, Wars of the, in England, VIII. 327,
329; XI. 661; XXI. 740.
ROSETTA, town, Egypt, XX. 851; vii.
768.
Stone, xx. 851; interpretation of,
V. 387.
Rose Water, xx. 851.
Rosewood, xx. 8;i.
RosH (Rabbenu Asher), German rabbi,
XX. 852.
RosH\ri state, Cenf)^ Asia, xvill. 104.
RosH Hasshanah, of Maimonides, XV.
296.
ROSHNABAI', estate, Tipperah, India, XI.
820.
Ro5iCRUc:.iNS. fabvJous secret eocietj',
XX. 832.
Rosieres-aux-SaLINES, town, France,
XVI. 205.
Rosin, resiu, xx.85:; for x-iolins, xxiv.
242.
RosLAVL, t(.\\-n, EiissLO, XXII 1S3.
RoSLER, H^ German economist, XIX.
392.
RosLiy (or RossLVN) Castle and
Chapel, Scotland, 11. ,29; vii. 658.
Rosmarinus, genus of plants, xx. 851.
ROSMINIAN,;, or Institute of Charity,
relisious order, XX. 853.
Rosmixi-Serb.\ti, Antonio, Italian
pliiloiopher, XX. 853.
ROSNV, Baron de (Sully), French states-
man, XXII. 633.
ROSPIGLIOSI, Giulio (Pope Clement
:X.), V. 822.
Ross, county, Scotland, XX. 853.
, Eails of, XX. 854.
, J., settler. Keeling Islands, XIV. 27.
, Sir Jaincs Clark, Arctic and An-
Lirctic explorer, XX. 855; X. 192, 195;
XIX. 320, 330.
, Sir John, Arctic voyager, XX. 855;
XIX. 319.
■ , Mount, Kerguelen's Land, xiv.
48.
ROSSA, O'Donovan, Fenian leader, XIII.
271.
RossaNO, to«-n, Italy, xx. 855.
ROSSBACH, Prussia, Battle of (1757), III.
12S; IX. 5SS.
RosSE, TliiiJ Earl of, astronomer, xx.
855; his observatory at Birr Castle,
licland, XVII. 711.
RosSELLi, Coiimo, Italian painter, XX.
856.
ROSSELLIND, Antonio, Florentine Bcnlp-
tor, XX. 856.
, Bernardo, Italian Bculptor and
architect, XX. 857.
ROS6ETTI, Dant3 Gabriel, English poet
and painter, XX. 857; XXI. 442.
Rossi, Count Pellegiino L. 0., Italian
economist, xix. 395; murder of, xiii.
4SS.
RossiGNOL, lake. Nova Scotia, xvil. 601.
Rossini, Gioachino Antonio, Italian
musical composer, XX. 860; XVII. 99.
ROSSLVN (or ROSLIN) CASTLE AND
CHAPEL, Scotland, n. 429; vn. 658.
, Earl of (Alexander Wedderbum),
XXIV. 475.
RosT, island, Nor\\-ay, XIV. 769.
Rostellaria, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
651.
Rostock, town, Germany, xx. 861;
contract of (1755), xv. 776; univer-
sity of, XXIH. 841.
Rostoff, on the Don, Siwn, Russia, XX.
862.
, on Lake Nero, town, Russia, XX.
862.
, Lake, Russia, XXI v. 731.
Rostopchin, Count, governor of Mos-
covi', xvil. 217.
Rostr.\, on Comitium, at Rome, XX.
816.
Ros Vand, lake, Norway, xvii. 57^,.
Roswevd, Heribert, BoUandist father,
IV. iS.
Roswitha (Hrosvitha), mediaeval ^mter,
XII. 326; VII. 412.
Rotalia, genus of Foraminifera, IX.374.
RotalidE-A, order of Protozoa, xix.
847.
Rotary Engines, xxh. 510.
Rotation, of crops, i. 340.
of the Earth, Evidence of, vii.
601; X. 197; how affected by tidal
friction, .xxill. 377, 378; its geological
effects, X. 216.
Rotations, in mechanics, xv. 690;
energy in, VIII. 207.
Rotatoria, group of animal parasites,
XVIII. 259; XXI. 4.
Rotelande, Hue de, early romancist,
XX. 644.
Rothamsted, England, Manure ex-
periments at, XV. 507.
Rothari, king of the Lombards, XIV.
Rothe, Richard, German theologian,
XXI. I; on theological ethics, XXIII.
270.
Rotheln, di.'iease, XV. 65S.
Rother, river, England, xxil. 723.
Rotherham, town, England, xxi. 2.
Rother Market, at Stratford-on-
Avon, England, XXI. 741.
Rothesay, town, Scotland, xxi. 2; iv.
5 So.
— , Duke of," son of Robert III. of
Scotland, XXI. 491.
RotHINE, dye, v. 86.
Rothmann, Bernhard, Germau Aiia-
faiptist, !. 786.
Rothschild, family of Jewish bankers,
XXI. 3.
ROTHWELL, town, Englan'l, XXI. 3.
Rotifer-A, class of animals, XXI. 4; in
Lankester's classification, xxiv. 813.
ROTO.MAGIJS (Rouen), Roman towi;,
France, xxi. 12.
ROTONDO, Mont, Corsica, vi. 439.
Rotrou, Jean de, French tragic poet,
XXL 8; IX. 657.
Rotterdam, town, Holland, xxi. 9.
Rottisite, mineral, XVI. 425.
Rottlerin, principle in kamala, xiii.
S31.
Rottnest ISLAND, Western Australia,
XXIV. 508.
Rotuli Litterarum Claus.arum,
Chancery rolls, XX. 311.
ROU (RoUo), Scandinavian rover, IX.
535; xvii. 539; X.X. 627.
Roubaix, town, France, XXI. 10.
Roubili.ac, Louis Franfois, French
sculptor, XXI. 10, 560.
Rougher, Jean Antoine, French poet,
XXI. II.
ROUDAIRE, Elie, on flooding the Saharr.,
XXI. 151.
Rouen, town, France, xxi. 11, 626;
libraries of, XIV. 526, 546; pottery
ware, XIX. 630.
Rouge, colouring matter, XXI. 13.
RouGlfe, OliWer C. C. E., Vicomte de,
Eg)-ptologist, XI. 794.
Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph,
French song- writer, XXI. 13.
Rough Cast, in architecture, 11. 472.
Roule, Cornells, Dutch Arctic e.xplorer,
XIX. 318.
Roulers, town, Belgium, XXI. 14.
RoUM, Arabic name for the Romans,
XXI. 14.
Roumania, country, Europe, xxi. 14;
kingdom, in 12th century, XI. 118;
forests of, IX. 402; Greek Church of,
XI. 157; Jews in, XIII. 686; language
of, VIII. 621; XXIV. 270; newspapers
of, XVII. 432; periodical literature of,
XVIII. 543; Roman Catholics in, xx.
631.
Roumanian (or Rouman) Language
(Walachian), xxiv. 269; xx. 668;
VIII. 621; XIV. 341; dictionaries of,
VII. 186.
Roumani.ans, or Roumans, xxiv. 268;
in Greece, XI. 83 ; in Russia, XXI. So;
of Transylvania, XXIII. 522.
ROUMELIA, pro%-ince, Bidgaria, XXI. 21;
Eastern, 'inited to Bulgaria, XXIU.
652.
Round, in music, xvii. 82.
Roundabout Papers, Thackera/s,
XXIII. 216.
Roundel, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Round Table, Legend of the, vul
R O U — R U D
379
407; XV. 523; romances of, II. 650;
XX. 642 ; French -(vritings on, v. 687 ;
IX. 638.
Round T.^ble, Arthur's, mound at
Caerleon, England, IV. 632.
Round Towers, xxi. 22; Irish, arcni-
tccture of, II. 429 j in Fermanagh,
Ireland, IX. 91; in Kildarc, Ireland,
XIV. 73; Petrie's essay on, XVIII. 712.
Round-Worm, Dises^e due to, xviii.
270.
Rous, or Rouse, Francis, transkl-jr of
the Psalms, xxi. 22; x;i. 590..
ROUSAV, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvii.
846.
RoijssEAU, Jacques, French painter,
XXI. 22.
, Jean B.aptiste, French poet, xxi.
23; IX. 664.
— , lean Jacques, French man of
letters, XXI. 23; IX. 667; XXII. 798;
his influence on education, vii. 675;
his testimony to Jesus Christ, XIII.
670; his musical theories, xvil. 92;
as satirist, XXI. 320; influence of his
^7^itings, IX. 592.
, Theodore, French painter, XXI. 27.
ROUSSELAERE (Roulers), town, Belgium,
XXI. 14.
RoussELiN (Roscellinus), scholastic
philosopher, XX. 848.
RoussiLLON, provui^j, France, ::x;.
28.
RouvRAV, Louis de. Due de Saint Simon,
XXI. 198; IX. 668.
RovERE, Delia, ruling family of duchy
of Urbino, XXIV. 9.
, Francesco della (Pope Sixtus XV.),
x.xn. 103.
, Francesco Maria della, prince of
Urbino, XV. 7S7.
■ , Giuliano della (Pope Julius II.),
XIII. 771.
Roveredo, town, Tyrol, Austria, XXI.28.
RoviGNO, tov.Ti, Austria, XXI. 28.
RoviGO, toiv-n, Italy, xxi. 29.
, A. J. M. E. Savary, Due de,
governor of Algeria, I. 567; XXI. 325.
RoviN, John, his longevity, XIV. 85
Roving Frames, cotton machinery, vi.
495-
RovNO, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
ROVUMA, river, Africa, I. 255.
Row, Sir Thomas, English political
agent, XX. 619.
Rowan-Tree, or Mountain Ash, n. 680.
ROW-BOATS, XXI. 8:5.
RowE, Nicholas, English dramatist, XXI.
29; VII. 435.
Rowers, Greek, xxi. S07.
Rov/i?:c, xxi. 29.
Rowland, his experiments in mag-
netism, xv. 255.
Rov.'Lands, Daniel, Welsh Methodist
preacher, XVI. 193.
Rov/landson, Thonia-, English cari
caturist, XXI. .^2: v. 104.
Rowley, G. D., on birds, xviii. 13.
, Thomas, Poems by, Chatterton's,
V. 446.
, WiUiam, English dramatist, xxi.
33-
Regis, tov/n, England, xxi. 33.
Rows, of Chester, v. 604.
Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great,
L 4841 XV. 142; XVIIL 584.
, Alabaster's Latin tragedy, I. 440.
, Defoe's novel, vii. 29.
ROXAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish
.dramatist, XX. 624; vii. 421: xxil.
359-
Roxburgh, county, Scotland, xxi. :i^.
Castle, Scotland, xxi. 34.
Ro.xburghe Club, literary society,
Scotland, VII. 172.
Roxbury, subm-b of Boston, Massa-
chusetts, U.S.A., XXI. 34; IV. 74.
Roxo, Cape, West Africa, xxi. 66 r.
Roy, Rammohun, foimdar of Brahma
Somaj, India, XXI. 34.
, William, English geodesist, xxi.
35-
ROYABAMEA, town, Ecuador, South
America, xx. 562.
Royal Academy, London, xiv. 836.
Royal College of Physicians,
Londrp. >::v. 652.
Royal Kxchange, London, xiv. 832,
846.
Royal- Family, British, Precedence of,
XIX. 662.
Royal Geographical Society, Eng-
land, X. 191, 193.
Royal Household, English, xxi. 35;
precedence of, XIX. 66?.
Royal Mint, London, xvi. 486.
Royal Prerogative, xix. 672.
Royal Society, of London, xxi. 38;
XIV. 835.
Royal Supremacy, over Church of
England, viii. 374.
Royal Titles, xxiil 417.
Royal University, of Ireland, xxiii.
855.
Royal Veto, xxiv. 207.
Royal Warrant, xxiv. 371.
Royan. town, France, xxi. 4a
Royapet Kistnampet, part of Madras
city, India, xv. i38.
Royat, spa, France, XVI. 435, 436; XX.
120.
Roy BAREiLLY,districtand town, India,
XX. 222.
Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul, French
statesman and philosopher, XXI. 40;
his influence on Cousin, vi. 51.
Royle, John Forbes, English botanist,
XXI. 40.
Rozet, Abbe, French agriculturist,
XXIV. 198.
Rozier, Francois Pilatie de, French
aeronaut, I. 1S8, 191.
Rsheff, to^vn, Russia, XXI. 1 19; XXlll.
672.
RUANG, Phra, Siamese ruler, xxi. 854.
RUAPEHU, mountain. New Zealand,
XVII. 466.
RUAS (Rugulas'), Hunnic king, XII.
381.
RuBAis, form of Persian poetry, ^^'IL
771.
Rubber, of whist, xxiv. 546.
, India-, XII. 835.
Rubble Work, in architecture, U. 472;
walls of, IV. 470.
Rubellan, mineral, XVI. 413.
Rueellitl, mineral, Xvi. 409.
Rubens, John, Flemish lawyer, XXl. 41.
, Peter Paul, Flemish painter, XXI.
41, 439; his relations with Van Dyck,
XXIV. 60; with Velazquez, XXIV. 132;
his tomb in Antwerp, II. 146.
Rubeola, disease, xv. 657.
RtiBEZAHL, German goblin, XX. 552.
Rubia, genus of plants, XV. 176.
RUBICELLA, mineral, xvi. 386.
Rubicon, river, Italy, xiii. 437.
Rubidium, chemical element, v. 524;
XIX. 592.
RUBP.OUCK, commune, French Flanders,
XXI. 46.
Rubruquis (William of Rubruk), Fran-
ciscan traveller, 13th century, XXI. 46;
X. 178; on Cathay, V. 628; on Prest«r
John, XIX. 716.
RuBSEN Seed, xx. 27;;.
Ruby, precious stone, xxi. 47.
RUCANAS, Peruvian nation, XVIII. 676.
Rucelinus (Roscellinus), medieval
scholastic, xx. 848.
RUCELLAI, Giovanni, Italian ^iTiter,
xill. 510.
RUCKERT, Friedrich, German poet, xxi.
49; X. 543.
Rucu PiCHlNCHA, mountain, Ecuador,
VII. 645.
Rudagi, Persian poet, .xxi. 49; xvm.
656.
Rudbeck, Olaf or Olof, Swedish natu-
ralist and scientist, XIV. 672 ; XXII.
755; XXIII. 860; as anatomist, l. 811.
Rudd, fish, XXI. 49; XX. 582.
Rudder, of a ship, xxi. 602.
Ruddiman, Thomas, Scottish scholar,
xxi. 50.
Rude, Francois, French sculptor, xxi.
50, 564.
RUDENBECK, Germany, Dolmen at, xxL
52-
Rude Stone Monuments, xxl 50;
II. 33S, 383; VI. »97; in Polynesia,
XIX. 42S; in Porto Rico, XIX. 532; .at
Stonehenge, XXII. 576.
RUDNIK, mountains, Servia, XXI. 680.
RUDOLFSHEIM, suburb of Vienna,
Austria, IX. 827.
Rudolph I., German king, xxl 53;
XXII. 782; as count of Hapsburg, X.
493; hia relations to the popedom, XX.
798.
IIt emperor, XXI. 53.
380
R U D — R U S
RUDOLPHINE Tables, Keplei-'s, xiv.
47-
ilUDOLSTADT, towTi, Germany, XXI. 53,
461.
, Schwarzburg-, principality, Ger-
many, XXI. 461.
RCDSTON, Yorkshire, England, Mono-
lith at, XXI. 51.
Rue, herb, xil. 289.
RUEDA, Lope de, Spanish di'ainatist,
VII. 420; XXII. 356.
Ruff, bird, xxi. 54.
RuFF-AND-HoNOURS, old card game,
XXIV. 543.
Ruffe, fish, xix. 481.
RUFIJI, river, Africa, 1. 255.
Rufinus, the Goth, XX. 780.
, Tyraimius, early Cliristian ■^^Tite^,
XXI. 55; XXII. 238; his relation to St
Jerome, XIII. 630; his translations
and editions of Origen, xvii. 840.
RUFISQUE, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI.
660.
RUFUS, of Ephesus, anatomist, I. 802;
XXII. 675.
RUGBV, to-\vn, England, XXI. 55.
School, England, under Araold,
II. 627; observatory, XVII. 711.
RUGE, Arnold, German philosophical
and political \v-riter, XXI. 56; XXII.
210.
RlJGEN, island in Baltic Sea, Gennany,
XXI. 56; XIX. 442.
RUGGIERI, archbisliop of Pi.sa, yi\.
120.
RUGII, Teutonic tribes, XVII. 726.
iRUGISl, strait, in Victoria Nyanza Lake,
Africa, XVII. 504.
RUGOSA, order of corals, VI. 3S0.
RUGULAS, Himnic king, xil. 38 1.
RUHLA, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
-RuHLMANN, Richai-d, his barometric
formula. III. 386.
-RUHJIESHALLE, at uluiiich, Bavaria,
XVII. 26.
RUHNKEN, David, classical scholar,
XXI. 57; his relations viith. Wytten-
bach, XXIV. 714.
"Ruhr, river, Germany, XX. 519.
RUHRORT, to\vn, Khenish Prussia, XXI.
58.
RuiBlNSK (Rybinsk), to\vn, Russia, XXI.
116.
RUINI, Carlo, Italian veterinarian,
XXIV. 198; his alleged discovery of
circulation of the blood, XI. 504;
XXIV. 96.
Ruin Marble, mineral, xvi. 397.
RUISDAAL (Ruysdael), Jacob, Dutch
painter, XXI. 114, 439.
TvUissELEDE, to^vn, Belgium, XXI.
"5-
Ruivo, Pico, mountain, Madeiia Islands,
XV. 177.
:!{UIZ, Juan, Spanish poet, XXII. 353.
DE Alarcon, Juan, Spanish
dramatist, xxii. 359; vil. 421.
RUKH (Roc), fabulous bird, XX. 611.
Shah, ruler of Persia, xvui. 632,
643-
Rule Britannia, Music of, 11. 623..
Rule of the Road, xl 811; at sea,
XVII. 277.
Rule of Three, in arithmetic, n.
535-
Rules of Procedure, iu law, xiv.
358-.
RULHIERE, Claude Carloman de, Frencii
poet and historian, XXI. 58; IX. 668.
Ruling, Paper, xxii. 461.
RULLIANUS, Q. Fabius, Roman general,
XX. 742.
Rum, spiiituous liquor, XXI. 58; distil-
lation of, VII. 264.
, island, Scotland, II. 500.
(Roum), Arabic name for tlie
Romans, XXI. 14.
(Asia Minor), Scljuka of, XXI. 14,
636.
Rumania, or Eoumama \q.v.), xxi. 14.
Rumantzoff, Russian general, XXI. 99.
RUMEX, genus of plants, vil. 309.
Rumford, Count (Sir Bei.jamin
Thompson), scientist and diplomatist,
XXIII. 309; his experiments on heat,
VIII. 208; on chemical properties of
light, XVIII. 821.
RUMI, Jelal-uddin, Persian poet, XXI.
59, 637; XVIII. 658.
Ruminants, or Ruiuinantia, division of
Mammalia, XV. 421, 431; in South
America, I. 6S2.
Rum Kala, town, Syria, II. 147.
RtJMKER, Carl Ludwig Christian, Ger-
man astronomer, XXI. 59.
RUMHiEL, river, Algeria, I. 563.
RUMN2V, river, Wales, XVI. 753.
Rumonsch Language, xx. 668; xiii.
492.
Rum Shrub, beverage, xxi. 59.
Runciman, Ale.xander, Scottish jjainlcr,
XXI. 60.
, John, Scottish painter, XXI. 60
RtTNCORN, town, England, XXI. 60.
RUNEBERG, Johan Ludwig, Swedish
poet, XXI. 60; XXII. 758.
Runes, archaic alphabetic chaiactei's, I.
607, 612; XXI. 366, 370.
Runcpore (Eangpur), district and
town, India, XX. 272.
Runic Inscriptions, i. 607, 612; xxi.
366, 370.
RUNlGUNJ(Raniganj), coalfield, Bengal,
India, III. 371, 568; XII. 737.
RUNIUS, Johan, Swedish poet, XXII.
755-
RUNjiT(or Ranjit) Singh, Sikh ruler,
India, XX. iii.
RUNN, of Cutch, morass, India, VI. 730.
Running, xxi. 60.
i RUNO, island in Baltic Sea, Russia,
I XIV. 723; XVII. 732.
I Rltnrig, land system, Shetland, Scot-
i land, XVII. 84S.
Rupella (La Eochelle), ancient town,
France, XX. 613.
Rupert, St, apostle of Bavaria, xxi.
61.
, king of Germany, X. 495.
, prince of Bavaria, English general
and admiral, XXI. 61.
OF Deb.\TE (Earl Derby), VIL
no.
Rupert's Drops, philosophical toy, 11.
63-
RUPERl''s Land, region, British North
America, XII. 333; xvii. 573.
RUPHIA, liver, Greece, I. 615; XVIL
765.
RuppiNER See, lake, Pi-ussia, xvil.
364.
Rupture, di'^ease, xi. 752.
, in iKMms, Jlodulus of, IV. 292.
RURIK, early Eusaian diicf, XXI. 87.
RURKI, town, India, XXI. 152.
RUSA, deer of Java, XIII. 602.
Rusera, town, India, XXIII. 407.
RUSH, plant, XXI. 62.
, Benjamin, -imeiican physician
and politician, XXI. 62.
RushbrooK, tow-n, Ireland, XX. 175.
RUSH Nut, XVII. 664.
RUSHT. or Ra.-'ht, towni, Pei-sia, XVIII.
628.
Rushworth, John, English compiler
of historical collections. XXI. 63.
Gospels, viii. 382.
Rusicada, town, Xumidia, XVll. 628.
Ruskin, John, on beauty, I. 222; on
Turner, XXIII. 664; his Stones of
Venice, XXIV. 151.
Russ Commonwealth, Giles Fletcher's
work, IX. 304.
Russell, Earl, English .statesman, xxi.
63; VIII. 366; his lelations with Lord
Palinei-ston, XVIII. 195.
, William, Lord, English patriot,
XXI. 65.
, John Scott, Scottish engineer, XXI.
66.
RusselLvE (Ro^.«lle), Etniscau town,
Italy, VIIL 636.
Russia, country, Eiuope, xxi. 67 (index,
no); original ])rincipality of, XXI. 89;
in Asia, II. 701; xviii. loi; XXIL i;
nflueiice of, on the balance of power
in Euro]>e, III. 269; in time of
Catlierine II., v. 233; conquest of the
Caucasus by, v. 258; Crimean War,
IX. 623; pympatliy of, Avith modem
Greeks, XI. 122; conquest of the
Khazars by, XIV. 60; invasion of, by
Mongols, XVL 741, 747; invasion of,
by Napoleon (1811), IX. 616; XVII.
216; war with Persia, xviil. 647; share
of, in partition of Poland, XIX. 298;
influence of, in Turkestan, xxill. 637,
639; wars with Turkey (1736, 1828,
1S77), XXIII. 647,650, 652; academies, I.
72, 77; army, n. 60S; arsenals II. 634;
artillery, II. 660, 667; coalfields, VL
R U S — S A B
381
58; coins, XVII. 658; Cossacks, VL
448; drama, VII. 444; foresU, IX. 40!;
foundling hospitals, IX. 483; gold, X.
743; Greek Church, XI. 157; Jews in,
XIII. 686; land laws, XIV. 262; lan-
guage, XXII. 148; Lapps, XIV. 306;
libraries, XIV. 533, 549; mines, xvi.
46S; navy, xvil. 299; newspapers,
XVII. 430; obsenatories, XVII. 714;
oyster culture, XVIII. 108; periodical
literature, XVIII. 543; police system,
XIX. 344; prison system, XIX. 761;
railways, X.\. 251; serfdom, XXII. 143;
Tartar population, XXIII. 70; uni-
versity statistics, XXIII. 849, 852 ;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490.
Russian Alphabet, i. 614.
Russian America, or Alaska (j.f.), i.
443. 711.
RUSSIAN Baths, hi. 438.
Russian Language, xxi. 109; xxii.
14S; dictionaries of, vii. 188; vi. 762.
Russian Le.\ther, xiv. 388; odoui-
imparted to, in. 6g8.
Russian Literature, xxi. 102.
Russians, race of people, Europe, xxi.
79; XXII. 145,' 147; in time of Byzan-
tine empire, XI. 116.
Rust, on iron, XVi. 70.
Rust.wm, Persian ruler, XVIII. 633; as
hero in Persian literature, XVIII.
656.
RUSTCHUK, town, Bulgaria, XXI. 1 10.
Rusticiano of Pisa, Italian writer.
XIII. 501; XIX. 407.
RUSTICO, town, Prince Edwaixl Island,
XIX. 740.
DI I'lLlPPO, Italian poet, XIII. 501.
Rustre, in heraldry, XI. 697.
RUTEBCEUF, early French >vriter, IX.
642.
RuTENU, di-strict, ancient Syria, xxii.
822.
Rutgers College, New Brunswick,
New Jersey, U.S.A., xvii. 375.
Ruth, Book of, xxi. no.
Ruthena (Rodez), Roman to\\-n,
France, X^. 617.
Ruthenians, race of people, Rus-sian
Poland, XIX. 309; as Roman Catholic.'^,
XX. 631.
KUTHENIU.M, chemical element, v. 537;
XIX. 1S9, 192.
Rutherkord, John, his thermometer,
XXIII. 291.
, L. M., his observatory, at New
York, XVII. 715.
Rutherfurd, Samuel, Scottish divine,
XXI. 112.
Rutherglen, town, Scotland, xxi.
112.
RUTHVEN, Lady Mary, wife of Van
Dyck, XXIV. 63.
, Raid of (1582), Scotland, xill.
558; XXI. 507.
RUTHWELL Cross, Scotland, Kunic
inscription on, XVU. 57a
Ruticilla, genus of birds, XX. 317.
RUTILE, mineral, XVI. 386; XXIII. 410.
RuTinus Claudius Namatianus,
Latin poet, XXI. 112.
RUTLAM, state, India, XX. 292.
Rutland, county, England, xxi. 113.
, town, Vermont, U.S.A., XXI. 114;
XXIV. 167.
Rutledge, John, American chief-
justice, XXIII. 748.
Rutnagherry (Ratnagiri), district and
town, India, XX. 292.
RUTULi, an ancient people of Latium,
XIV. 343.
RUTULIANS, Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
RUY Diaz Campeador (The Cid),
Spanish hero, XXII. 315.
RUVSBROECK, John, Flemish mystic,
XXI. 114,46; XII. 91; XVII. 133.
RUVSCH, Frederik, Dutch anatomist,
XXI. 114; I. 812.
RuvsDAEL, Jacolj, Dutch painter, XXI.
1 14, 439-
RUYSSELEDE, town, Belgium, XXI. 115.
RUVTER, Micliael Adrian de, Dutch
admiral, XXI. 115; XII. 80.
Ruz, Val de, Neuchdtel, Switzerland,
XVII. 361.
Ryan, Loch, Wigto\vn, Scotland, XXIV.
562.
Ryaz.^N, government, Russia, XXI. 115;
principality, XXI. 89; town, XXI. 116!
Ryazhsk, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
Rybinsk, town, Russia, Xxi. 116.
RvqAUT, Sir Paul, English traveller and
dililomatist, .XXI. 116.
Rydberg, Viktor, Swedish writer, XXII.
758.
Ryde, town. Isle of Wight, England,
XXI. 117.
Rydelius, Anders, Swedish Cartesian
writer', XXII. 755.
Rye, grain, xxi. 117; culture of, i. 360.
, town, England, xxi. 117; xxil.
725-
, Spurred, or ergot, VIII. 521; IX.
834.
Ryechitsa, town, Russia, XVI. 479.
Ryegrass, Culture of, 1. 371, 375, 380.
Rye House, Hertfordshire, England,
XI. 772.
Rye House Plot, England, xvi. 756.
Ryeka, town, Montenegio, XVI. 781;
river, XVI. 780.
Ryeshetnikoff, Russian novelist, xxi.
108.
Ryezhitza, town, Russia, xxi. 118;
population, xxiv. 262.
Rykovsk, tovra, Saghalin, East Asia,
XXI. 147.
Ryland, William Wynne, English
engraver, XXI. 118.
Rymer, Thomas, English historio-
grapher, XXI. 118.
Ryncold, Lithuanian chief, XIV. 702.
RyoT, or Rayat, Indian peasant pro-
prietor, XV. 289; xii. 770.
RVPE, Norwegian game bird, xvii. 581.
RVPIN, toAvn, Poland, XIX. 227.
Rys BRACK, John Michael, sculptor,.
XXI. 560.
Rysbroeck (Ruysbrocck, q.v.), John
of, Flemish mystic, xxi. 114, 46.
Rysselberg's Telephonic System,
XXIII. 133.
Ryswick, Holland, Conjres? of (1697),
VI. 270; IX. 580; XII. 81.
RZACZYNSKI, on birds, xviii. 8.
RZHEFF, Rjev, or Kzhoif, town, Russia,,
XXL 119; XXIII. 672.
C the nineteenth letter of the alphabet,.
•~^» XXI. 120.
Saadi, Persian poet, XXL 142; xviii.
659.
Saadia, Jewish rabbi and jcholar, xxi.
120.
Saalfeld, town, Germany, xxi. 122,
348.
SaarbrOcken, to\ni, Prussia, .xxi.
122.
Saardam, town, Holland, xxiv. 761.
Saargemund, town, Lorraine, Ger-
many, XXI. 122.
Saavedra, Angel de, Spanish poet and
politician, XXI. 122; XXII. 343, 361.
— : — , Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish^
writer, v. 347. See Cervantes.
Fax.^rdo, Diego de, Spanish
diplomatist and \vriter, XXI. 122.
Saaz, town, Bohemia, XXI. 122.
Saba, peojile, Arabia, XXIV. 738.
Sabadilla Seeds, Drug from, xxiv.
163.
Sab/ean Language, xxi. 653; xxiv.
740.
SaB/EANS, South-Arabian people, xxiv.
738.
Sabah, or British North Borneo, XXI.
123.
Sabarmati, river, India, XX. 260.
Sabas, St, Syrian ascetic, xxi. 124.
, St, the Goth, Christian martyr^
XXI, 124.
Sabazius, in Greek legend, Vll. 249;
XVIII. 853.
S ABBAS, or Sabas, St, Syrian ascetic,
XXI. 124.
, St, archbishop of Servia, XXI. 68g.
Sabbath, xxl 124 ; Christian obser-
vance of, XXII. 654.
, The, Grahame's poem, XI. 34.
, The Witches', Legend of, XIII. 674.
Sabbe, Hebrew sibyl, XXIL 13.
Sabella, genus of Annelida, II. 68.
Sabellianism, theological doctrine,
XIII. 671; XXI. 127.
Sabellians, or Oscans, Italian people,
XIII. 445; XXI. 129.
Sabellius, early theologian, XXL 127.
Sabha, John, Syriac \viiter, XXII. 835.
Sabhr-ISHO, Syiiac writer, XXII. 838.
RUSTAM, Syriac writer, xxn. 843-
382
S A B — S A G
iJABiANS, wet mcntione(1 in Koran, xxi.
128; name ckinicil by Jlaii'licans, xv.
■167; wrongly a;)]-.lied to star wor-
-hippcrt, XXI. 128.
Sabicu Wood, xxi. 128.
€abina, genus of plant.-, XIII. 774.
Sabine, ruvr and lake, Louisiana and
1"<.-,\a?, U.S A., XV. co; XXlll. 203.
, Sir Jid«Tird, English astionomci,
XXI. 128; liis observations in polar
regions, XIX. 319.
Sabimes, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128; XIII. 444; X.\. 669; in Roiru-.
XX. 731 ; flieir contest with the
Umhrian.s XXIII. 723.
, Rape of the, VIII. 619.
Sabixians, Roman jv.ri-t5, XIV. 164.
SABIMAXUS, pope, XIX. 494.
S.VBLn, carnivorous mammal, XV. 577,
skins of, IX. 83S.
S.\ELE, town, France, xxi. 314.
Sables d' Olonne, town, France,
XXI. 129.
SABLlfeRE, Madame de la, patroness tf
La Fontaine, xiv. 204.
Sablva, mountain, Russia, XXIV. 4.
Sabota, town, Arabia, XXIV. 740.
Sabre, weapon, xxii. 801.
Sabrin.^, volcanic island, Azores, ill.
170.
Island, South Polar Regions, Xix.
33°-
Sabsawar, to\ni, Persia, xviii. 627.
Sabukt.\gin, prince, Persia, XXI.
241.
Sabutai Bahadur, Mongol leader,
XVI. 741.
S\BZV.\R, to«ni, Afghanistan, I. 231.
Sacastane (SistanV m-ovince, Persia,
XXII. 100.
Sacate Gr.\nde, island, Honduras,
XII. 130.
Saccas, Aninionius, founder of Alex-
andrian Neoplatonism, I. 743; XVII.
335-
Saccat/E, gi-oup of ActinoZoa, 1. 132.
S.\CCATOO, or Sokoto, country. Central
Africa, XXIL 248.
Saccharine, artificially - producea
sugar, XXII. 623.
Saccharometer, Use of, in brewing,
IV. 265, 266.
Saccharomyces, yeast plant, ix. 96.
Saccharoses, group of sugai-s, xxii.
624.
Sacchetti, Franco, Italian novelist,
XXI. 130; XIII. 505
Sacchi, Andrea, Italian painter, XXI.
130.
S.VCCHINI, Antonio Maria Gaspare,
Italian musical composer, XXI. 130.
S.-iCEDON, spa, Spain, xvi. 433.
Sacerdotalism, priestly rule, xix.
SACHAROf, his balloon asceuts, I.
'94-
Sachets, Perfume, xviii. 527.
Sacheverell, Henry, Enciish di\-ine.
XXL 130; VIII. 353.
Sachs, Hans, German poet and drama-
tist, XXI. 131; VII. 440; X. 528; XVII.
S3; his house at Nuremberg, xvii.
663.
S.\CHSENSPIEGEL, Gcrniaji law code, x.
Sackbut, musical instrument, xxiil.
586.
Sack Manufacture, xxi. 131.
.Sack-Mead, beverage, xii. 137.
Sackville, town, Kew Bnuiswiek,
xvn. 375.
, Charles, sixth earl of Dorset, vii.
373-
, Thomas, p.rst earl of Dorset, vii.
372: Gs dramatist, VIII. 416.
Saco, town, Maine, U.S.A., XXI. 131:
liver, XV. 29S.
Sacr.\.ment, S.\ckaments, xxi. 131;
analogy of, to the Gieck Mysteries,
XVII. 125; in Greek Clr.iich, xi. 158;
decrees respecting, at council of Trim,
xxill. 546, 550; Quaker doctiine re-
garding, XX. 150. Sec also Baptism,
Eucharist, etc.
Sacramental Sacrifices, xxi. 137.
Sacra.mental Wine, xxiii. 159.
Sacra.mentarv, or Missal, XVI. 50S
Sacrajiento, town, California, U.S.A.,
x.x:. 132; river, IV. 696.
Sacramentum, in Roman bw, xx.
682.
Sacra Via, Rome, xx. 818, 824.
Sacred Art, The, in alchemy, 1. 461.
Sacred Beetle, of Eg)-pt, vi. 131.
Sacred Music, xvii. 80, 84, 88; xix.
1 68.
S.\CRED Rites, Congregation of, in
Church of Rome, x.\. 630.
Sacrifice, xxi. 132; .xviii. 344; in re-
lation to an oath, xvii. 699; to priest-
hooil, XIX. 725: to totemism, xxill.
471; to vows, XXIV. 301; ancient
Mexican, xvi. 211.
Sacrifices, Human, i. 55; xvi. 696;
in Dahomey, vi. 767; in India, ill.
564; in Phccnicia, xviii. 803.
Sacrilege, xxi. 140.
Sacristv, in architecture, H. 472.
Sacro Bosco, Johannes de, Scottish
astronomer, XXI. 140, 543.
Sacrum, Anatomy of the, l, 821
Sacs, American-Indian tribe, XII. 832.
Sacv, Antoine Isaac, Baron Silvestre de,
French Orientalist, XXI. 140
, Isaac Louis le Maltre de, Port-
Royalist, XXI. 141.
Sadaich, river. Persia, XVIII. 62a
Saddle, Horse, xil. 198.
Bar, in architecture, II. 472.
Mountain, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xxiii. 792.
Saddlery, xxi. 142
Sadducees, Jewish sect, XXI. 142; Xlii.
423; XVL 55.
SA DE Miranda, Francisco de, f^irtu-
g-.iese poet, XXI. 142.
Sadi, Persian poet, xxi. 147; xviii.
■ 659-
Sadikiva, Moslem coUego, at Tuiii.s,
xx;n. 622.
Sadler, Sii' Ralph, EngUsli statesman,
XXL 143.
Sado, island, Japan, xill. 569.
iiADOLETO, JacojK), Italian humanist,
XXI. 144.
S.VDOWA, Bohemia, Battle of (1S66),
XIV. 138.
Sad-UD-Din, Ottoman historian, XXIII.
657.
S.\dv.\ttes, king of Lydia, XV. 100.
b.-E.MUND SlCFUSSON, or Sa-inundai,
Icelandic writer, VII. 650; XII. 624;
Edda of, '■ll. 650.
S.EP1NU.M, Sammte to^Ti, Italy, x.\i.
249.
Sataeis (J.-itiva), ancient town, Spain,
XUL 597.
S.\FA, district, S^Tia, Inscrintions o£,
XXI. 651.
Hill, a\ Mecca, Arabi.i, XV. 674.
Saf.\riK; ParJ Joseph, Hungarian
writer, X.XI. 3S6, loS; on the Slavs,
XXII. 145.
Safawi Dvnastv, Pereia, xvjii. 634;
XXII. 664.
Safe-Co.nduct, pa-six)?!, xviii. 344.
Safes, xxi. 144; safe locks xiv. 749.
Safety-Lamps, vi. 72; xvi. 461; Sir
Humplin- Davy's, vi. 847.
Saff.vh, AbdaUah, founder of AbKisid
dj-nasty, xvi. 574, 578.
, A1-, cnliph, .\vi. 577.
Saffarids, JIo?hni dynasty, xvi. 586.
Saffi, town, Morocco, XXI. 145: xvi.
831.
Safflower, plant, xxi. 145; xxiii.
307: oil fioni, XVIII. 744, 746.
Saffron, dye and drug, xxi. 145; .is
incense, XII. 718.
, Meadow, plant, vi. 124.
Walden, town, England, xxL 146.
Safid Rud, river, Persia, XVlii. 620.
Saga, in Scandinavian mythology, i.
211; in Scandinavian literature, -Xll.
623; XXII. 201.
Sagainc, town, Burmah, III. 143.
Sagais, Tartar people, Siberia, xxill.
70.
SacaN, town, Prussia, XXI. 146; princi-
pality, XXI. 146.
SaGAR, district, India, XXI. 146: ton-n,
XXI. 147.
Sagard, town, Eiigen, Prussia, XXI. 57.
Sagas of Norwegian Kings, Snorro
Sturlusons work, XXII. 201.
Sage, Stoic doctrine of the, XXII. 570.
, culinary lierl), XIL 251, 264, 289.
Brush, tree. Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIII. Sio.
Sagcinc. of a shi]., XXI. SiS.
SaGHAlix, island, East Asb, XXI. 147.
S A G — S A I
383
Sagfnaw, town, Michigan, TT.S.A., xxi.
148.
Sagitta, marine worm, XXI. 148.
SaGIUM (S&s), ancient town, France,
XXI. 621.
Saglassus, town, Asia Minor, XIX.
130.
Sago, a food-starch, xxi. 148.
Palm, tree, XVIII. 19a
Saguenay, river, Canada, XX. 165;
XXI. iSr.
Sagunto, to^-n, Spain, XXI. 149.
Saguntum, ancient town, Spain, xxi.
149; siege o£ (218 B.C.), xi. 441.
Sagus,, genus of palms, xviii. 190.
Sah.\ra, region. Central Africa, xxi.
149; I. 249, 268, 563; XVII. 62S;
artesian wells in, II. 646; oases of,
XVII. 695.
Saharanpur, district, India, XXI. 151;
tov.~\, XXI. 152.
Sahdon.^, Syriac -iiTiter, XXII. 842.
Sahi, ancient Syria, XXII. 822.
Sahidic, Eg)-ptian dialect, VI. 355.
Sahih, book of Moslem traditions xvi.
594-
Sahlite, mineral, xvi. 416.
Sahs, Indian djTiasty, xil. 790.
Sai, river, India, xx. 222.
Said.a, or Sidon (j.r.), town, Syria,
xxii. 35.
Said bar Sabuni, Syriac writer, xxii.
849-
Said Muhammad Ali, founder of the
Babis, xviii. 650.
SaiDSCHUTZ, spa, Bohemia, xvi. 436.
Saif ibn Omar, Arab historian, xxiii
3-
Saiga, antelope, 11. 102; xv. 432.
Saigon, town. Cochin China, xxi. 152;
VI. 96.
Sai K 10 (Kioto), to^vn, Japan, xiv. 92.
Sail, Sails, xxi. 153, 822; setting and
reefing of, XXI. 599.
Sailcloth, xxi. 154.
Sailing Ships, xxi. 82?.
Sailmaking, xxi. 154.
Sailors, Laws affecting, xxi. 605.
Sailors' Knots, xiv. 128.
Sailughem, mountains, Siberia, xxil.
3; xxiiL 437.
Sai.miri, squirrel monkey, 11. 154.
Sainfoin, plant, xxi. 155; culture of,
I- 377-
Saint, xxi. 155. Sez also Saints.
, Thomas, inventor of a sewing
machine, XXI. 718.
St Agnes, one of the Scilly Isles,
England, xxi. 465.
, Basilica of, at Rome, III. 417.
, Cemetery of, at Rome, v. 208.
St Alb.\n, Viscount fFrancis Bacon,
q.V.), III. 200.
St .-Albans, town, England, xxi. 155.
, tcwn, Vermont, U.S.A., XXI. 156.
St .'Vldegonde, F. van Mamix, lord
of. Dutch Reformer, Xll. 92.
St Amand, Odo de, master of Knights
Templars, XXIII. 161.
St Amand-les-EaUX, town, France,
XXI. 156; xvn. 535.
Saint-.^m.\nt, Fournie de, French
chess-player, v. 601.
, M. A. Gerai-d, Sieur de, French
bacchanalian poet, XXI. 1 56.
St Andrews, town. New Brunswick,
XVII. 375.
, town, Scotland, XXL 157; bishopric,
XXI. 477; library, XIV. 523, 542; uni-
versity, XXIII. 843, 854; first arch-
bishop of, II. 370.
St Angelo, castle, Rome, XX. 831.
, Monte, Italy, xill. 439.
St Anthony's Fire, or Erysipelas,
disease, viii. 531.
St Arnaud, Amaud Jacques Leroy de,
French general, I. 569.
St Asaph, to^vn, Wales, xxi. 158; ix.
3-7-
St Augustine, tow^i, Florida, U.S.A.,
XXL 158.
St Barnabas, station, Norfolk Island,
XVII. 537.
St Bartholomew, or St Barthelemy,
island. West Indies, XXL 159; IX. 526.
St Bartholo.mew's Day, Massacre of,
in France, IX 561; v. 412.
St Bartholomew's Tea, or Mat^ xv.
627; IV. 227.
St Baume, mountain, Var, France, xxiv.
68.
St Bel (Vial), French veterinarian,
XXIV. 198.
St Bernard, dog, vil 327.
, Great, Hospice on the, Switzerland,
XXIV. 31.
St Boniface, town, Manitoba, Canada,
XXIV. 613.
St Br.andon, Isle of, imaginary island,
IV. 241.
St Brice, Mas.sacre of (1002), England,
VIII. 287.
St Brieuc, town, France, XXL 159.
St Brocardus, Convent of, on Mount
Carmel, Palestine, v. 116.
St Calais, town, Fi-ance, xxi. 314.
St Callistus, Cemetery of, at Rome,
V. 210.
St Catherines, town, Ontario, Canada,
XXI. 159; mineral water of, xvi. 436.
St Catherine's College, Cambridge,
IV. 731.
St Cecilia, Church of, at Rome, V. 284.
St Chamas, France, Bridges at, IV. 329.
St Chamond, town, France, xxL 159.
St Charles, town, Missouri, U.S.A.,
XXL 159.
St Christan, spa, France, xx. 127.
St Christopher, island, West Indies,
XXI. 159; buccaneci-3 of, iv. 408.
St Clair, town, Pennsylvanin, U.S.A.,
XXI. 160.
, Lake, North America, XXI. 179,
St Clement, Rome, Basilica of, ih.
417.
St Cloud, town, France, xxi. 160;
porcelain work.- at, XIX 630.
St Columb, England, ancient remains
at, XXI. 51.
St Croix, island, West Indies, xxi.
160.
, river. New Brunswick, xvii. 373.
St Cyprien, suburb of Toulonse,
France, xxill. 484.
Saint Cyr, Gouvion, French marshal,
XL a
St Cyr-L'Ecole, village, Fra-^e, XXI.
160; institution f'.ir poor girls at, XV.
305-
St David's, town, Wales, xxi. 160;
cathedral, XVIII. 483.
College, Wales, xxiii. 856.
St Denis, town, France, xxi. i6i.
, to«Ti, Reunion, Indian Ocean, XX.
493-
St Die, town, France, xxi. 161.
Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin,
French critic, XXI. 162; IX. 6S0.
Sainte Chapelle, at Paris, xviii.
288.
SAlNTE-CLAlREDEViLLE,Etiemie Hen-
ri, French chemist, XXI. 165.
Sainte Croix, island. West Indies,
XXL 160.
Ste Genevieve, HiU of, at Paris,
XVIII. 274.
St Eli.\s, mountain, Greece, XI. 8t.
, Mount, Alaska, U.S.A., i. 444.
St Elmo, castle, Naples, xvii. 188.
, Fort, Malta, XV. 340.
St Elmo's Fire, xiv. 633.
Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch),
town, Alsace, Germany, xv. 552.
Saint ]6milion, to\\-a, France, xiv.
509.
Saintes, to^vn, France, xXt. 167; bridge
at, IV. 331.
St Etienne, town, Fran>'e, xxl 167.
St Eustatius, or St Eustsche, island,
West Indies, XXI. 168.
Saint-Evremond, Seigneur de, French
writer and courtier, XXI. 168; his
■elations with Ninon de Lenclos, xiv.
445-
St Evroul en Ouche, France, Abbey
of, xviL 821.
St Francois, toivn, Canada, xx. 167.
St Gall, canton, Switzerland, xxi.
16S; town, XXL 169; XXII. 784;
monastery, I. 12.
St Galmier, spa, France, XVI. 436.
St George, island, Azores, lii. 1-72.
, town, New Brunswick, XVIL 375.
— — Bay, Ne^vfoundland and Nova
Scotia, XVII. 382, 6or.
St George's, to^m, Bermudas, in. 599.
, town, Grenada,. West Indies, XL
184.
Chapel, Windsor, England, xxiv.
601.
384
S A I — S A I
Sr George's Day, ii. =14.
Saint-Georges d' Ol^ron, tovm,
France, xvil. 761.
Saint-Germain, Comte de, adventurer,
x:ii. 169.
St Germain-en-Laye, town, France,
XXI. 170; peace of (1570), IX. 561.
St Gervais, spa, France, XXI. 332.
St Gotthard Tunnel, Switzerland,
XXIII. 624.
St Helena, island. South Atlantic,
XXI. 170; 1. 272; birds of, III. 759;
obser\'atory, xvii. 716; Naooleoa at,
xvu. 225.
St Helen's, Iowa, England, xxi. 171.
St Helier, tovm, Jersey, xill. 635.
St Henri, town, Canada, xx. 167.
Saint-Hilaire, Augiiste de, French
botanbt and traveller, xxi. 171.
, Bourjot, on birds, xvill. 11.
, Etienne Geoffrey, X. 173; on
tomy and morphology, xvi. 839; ou
fishes and birds, xviii. 18.
, Isidore Geoffroy, x. 174; on birds,
XVIII. 24.
St Hilda's Abbey, at Whitby, Eng-
land, IV. 630.
St HyaCINTHE, to\\Ti, Canada, XX. 167.
St Ives, to\ni, England, xxi. 172; pil-
chard fishery of, IX. 25.;.
St Jacob, SM-itzerland, Battle 01(1444),
IX. 551.
St J ago, island. Cape Verd group, v.
52-
DE Cuba, ton-n, Cuba, xxi. 300.
St James of Compostella, Order of,
xxii. 316.
St James's Palace, London, xiv. 838.
St James's Paric, London, xiv. 824.
St Jean Baptiste, suburb of Montreal,
Canada, xxi. 172; xx. 167.
St Jean d'Acre, town, Syria. L 120.
See Acre.
St Jean u'.Angelv, town, France, XXI.
172.
St Jean-de-Maurienne, town, France,
XXI. 332.
St JOHANN-SAARBRUCKEN,town,Prus-
sia, XXI. 122.
St John, river, JIaine, U.S.A., and New
Brunswick, xv. 298; xvii. 373.
, town. New Brunswick, XXI. 172;
xvn. 375.
, Bayle, English traveller and writer,
XXI. 173.
, Charles Williain George, English
sportsman and naturalist, xxi. 173.
, Henry (Viscount Bolingbroke,
q.v.), English statesman, IV. 4.
, James Augustus, English traveller
and author, XXI. 173.
, Lake, Canada, xx. 165.
OF Jerusalem, Knights of, xxi.
173; at Malta, xv. 343; settlement of,
in Rhodes, xx. 525.
St John's, town, Canada, xx. 167.
, town, Newfoundland. XXI. 175.
St John's, town, Antigua, West Indies,
n. 128.
, town. Port Rico, West Indies, XIX.
532.
St Johnsbury, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
XXI. 176.
St John's Christians, ancient Orien-
tal sect, XV. 467.
St John's College, Cambridge, iv.
730
St John's College, C^ford, xviii.
97-
St Joseph, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxi.
176.
St Julien, town, France, xxL 333.
St Junien, town, France, xxiv. 223.
Saint-Just, Antoine, French Revolu-
tionist, XXI. 176.
St Kilda, islet. Outer Hebrides, Scot-
land, XXI. 177.
, town, Victoria, Australia, xxi. 177.
St Kitt's, island. West Indies, xxi.
159.
Saint-Lambert, Jean Fran9oi9 de,
French poet, XXI. 177.
St Lawrence, river, North America,
XXI. 177; IV. 769; XX. 165.
St Leger, horse-race at Doncaster,
England, vii. 361; xii. 201.
, Sir Anthony, viceroy in Ireland,
XIII. 263.
St LtoNARD, town, France, xxiv. 223.
St Leonards, town, England, xxi.
182.
, Lord, lord- chancellor of England,
XXI. 182.
St Leonard's College, St Andrews,
Scotland, XXI. 158.
St L6, tovra, France, XXI. 18;.
St. Louis, to\™, Missouri, U.S.A., XXI.
183; bridge at, iv. 339.
, town, Senegarabia, West Ainca,
XXL 182, 660; I. 269.
, spa, Jlichigan, U.S.A., xvi. 436.
, Lake, Montreal, XVi. 794.
St Lucia, island, West Indies, XXI. 186.
St Malo, town, France, XXI. 1S6.
St Marijal de Sena. .to%vn, Mozam-
bique,"xvn. 7.
St Marguerite, island, France, iv.
807.
St Marie, island, Madagascar, xv. 16S,
174.
St Mark's Church, Venice, xxiv. 150.
St Mark's Eve, ii. 214.
Saint Mars, M. de, governor of the
Bastille, Paris, XIII. 360.
St Martin, island. West Indies, xxi.
186.
, town, France, xx. 302.
, Louis Claude de, French mystic,
XXI. 186.
St Martin's, one of the Scllly Isles,
England, xxi. 465.
St Mar.v, island, Azores, in. 171.
St Mary's, one of the Scilly Isles,
and, XXI. 465.
St Mary's, river. North America, xxi.
I -8.
Abbey, at York, England, I. 14.
Bay, Newfoundland, xvii. 3S2.
College, St Andrews, Scotland,
.\X!. 158.
Island, West Africa, x. 59.
Loch, Scotland, xxi. 63S.
St Mary Winton, College of (New
College), 0.\ford, xviii. 97.
St Maurice, mountain, Vosges, France,
XXIV. 298.
, town, Valais, Smtzerknd, XXIV.
31-
, river, Canada, XX. I65.
St Maur-sur- Loire, town, Francci
XXL 187.
St Michael and St George, Order
of, XIV. 124.
St Michael's, island, Azores, iii. 171.
Mount, castle, ComwaU, England,
VII. 427, 428.
St Michel, town, Finland, ix. 217;
XXIV. 2og.
, Mont, islet, France, xvi. 796.
St Moritz, spa, Switzerland, viii. 214;
XVI. 434.
St Nazaire, town, Loire Inferieure,
France, XXI. 187.
, town, Var, France, xxiv. 6g.
, lagoon, Pyrenees Orientaies,
France, XX. 128.
St Nectaire, spa, France, XX. 120.
St Nicolas, town, Belgium, xxi. 187.
\'arangeville, town, France,
XVI. :;5.
St 0.m::r, town, Fiiince, xxi. 187;
XVIII. 340.
Saintonge, old province, France, xxi.
188.
St Oswin, priory, England, xxill. 675.
St Ouen, suburb of Paris, XXI. 188.
St Pancras, district of London, xiv.
822.
Railway Station, London, xx.
236.
St Patrick, Order of, xiv. 124.
St Paul, island, Indian Ocean, xxi.
189.
, town, Minnesota, U.S.A., XXI. 188.
, Basilica of, Rome, iiL 416.
DE LOANDA, town. West Africa,
XIV. 742.
St Paul's Cathedral, Lonaon, ii.
443; XIV. 837, 843; XXIV. 689.
St Paul's Rocks, islands in the
Atlantic, XXI. 189.
St Paul's School, London, xiv. 835.
St Peter, Lake, on St Lawrence,
Canada, XXI. 181.
Port, town, Guernsey, XXI. 190:
XI. 247.
St Peter's, Basilica of. Rome, 11. 438;
in. 415.
St Petersburg, government, Russia,
XXI. 190.
capital of Russia, xxi. 190;
founding of, XXI. 97; academy of
sciences, I. 72; libraries, XIV. 533,
549; newspapers, xvn. 430; observa-
tory, XVII. 714; picture gallery, XXI.
446; university, XXIII. 852.
St Peter's College, Cambridge, iv.
730.
St Pierre, island, Newfoundland, xxi.
196; XVII. 382.
, town, Martinique, West Indies,
XV. 586.
, town, Reunion, Indian Ocean, XX.
493-
, Charles Ir^n^e Castel, Abb^ de,
Prench social writer, XXI. 195.'
, Jacques Henri Bemardin de,
French writer, XXI. 195; IX. 666, 66S.
D'OLtRON, toivn, France, xvii. 761.
LE Moutier, town, France, xvii.
496.
St Pierre-les-Calais, town, France,
XXL 196; xviii. 339.
St Pol, town, France, xviil. 340.
DE Leon, town, France, xxi. 196.
St Quentin, town, France, xxi. 196;
battle of (1557), IX. 559.
St Raphael, village, France, IX. 767;
XXIV. 69.
St Riquier, France, Monastic library
at, XIV. 514.
Saints, XXI. 155; pilgrimages to shrines
of, XIX. 94; St Paul's use of the term,
XVIII. 427.
St Salvator's College. St jindrews,
Scotland, xxi. 158.
St SAtn'EUR, spa, France, XX. 127.
St Sebastian of Mozambique, town,
East Africa, xvii. 7.
St Servan, town, France, xxi. 197.
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de,
French socialist, XXI. 197; VIIL 211;
IX. 668; his relation to socialism,
XXII. 207; his influence on Comte, vi.
229.
, Louis de Eouvray, Duo de, French
courtier and writer, XXI. 198; IX. 668.
St Sophia, Mosque of, at Constan-
tinople, VI. 305.
St Stephen, town. New Brunswick,
XVII. 375.
St Thiajo Major, town, Mozambique,
XVII. 7.
St Thomas, island, Gulf of Guinea,
West Africa, XXI. 200.
, island. West Indies, XXI. 200.
, to-n-n, Quebec, Canada, XX. 167.
St Ubes (Setubal), town, Portugal, xx,.
697.
St Veit, to\\-n, Austria, xiv. 106.
St Venant, on flexure, vii. 809.
St Victor, Hugo of, medieval theo-
logian, XXL 425.
, Niepce de, his contributions to
photography, xviil. 824.
, Paul de, French writer, XXI. 201.
, Richard of, scholastic philosopher,
XX. 543; XVII. 132; XXI. 425.
25—20
S A I — S A L
St Vincent, island, West Indies, xxi.
201.
, Cape, Portugal, Battle of (1797),
VIII. 362; XVII. 322; XXL 201.
, Earl, English admiral, XXI. 201.
, Gulf of, South ■ Australia, xxii.
283.
St Vincent's, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52
St ViTUs'3 Dance, disease, xxi. 201;
XVIIL 391; XXIII. 60.
St Winifred's Well, Wales, xii.
106.
St Yrieix, town, France, xxiv. 223.
Sais, ancient town, Egypt, VII. 768.
Saivism, corrupt form of Buddhism,
XIV. 228.
SaJUR, affluent of Euphrates, viii.
669.
Saka, tree, xxiii. 103.
Sakalava, race of people, Madagascar,
XV. 171, 174.
Sakaria, river, Asia Minor, II. 707.
Sakatu, town, Houssa, Central Africa,
L 271.
Sakcinski, Ivan K., Servian historian,
XXI. 691.
Sak^ Japanese drink, xiii. 574; xx.
539-
Sakei, race of people, Malacca, Asia,
XV. 323.
Saker, bird, ix. 3.
Sakhalin, island. East Asia, xxi. 147.
Saki Adasi (Scio), island, Asiatic
Turkey, xxi. 465.
Sakis, group of apes, 11. 154.
Sakkarah, Egypt, Mummies of, xvii.
21; pyramids of, vii. 772; XX. 122,
124; tomb of Tih at, XVII. 34.
Saksaul, plant, XXIII. 511.
Saktas, class of Hindu worshippers,
XXI. 283.
Sakv, Crimea, Russia, Mud baths at, vi.
585.
Sakva, monastery, Tibet, XXlll. 340,
346.
Muni, the Buddha, III. 375; iv.
209.
Sal, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
, tree, IL 693; IX. 405; xviii. 71.
Sala (Sallee), tov.-n, Maurctania, Africa,
XV. 637.
Sal Acetosell^ or Salt of Sorrel,
XVIII. 91.
Salade, headpiece, XL 637.
SALAbiN, Moslem general and sultan
of Egypt, XVI. 58S; VII. 753; his con-
quest of Jerusalem, VI. 628; his rela-
tions with the Templars, XXIII. 161;
Life of, by Bohaddin, III. 860.
Salado, Spain, Battle of (1340), xxil.
3 '9. 323-
Salairsk, town, Siberia, xxill. 439.
Salamanca, province, Spain, xxi. 203.
, town, Spain, XXI. 203; cathedral,
II. 433; university, XXIII. 839, 851;
battle of (1812), XXIV. 496.
385
Salamander, fabulous animal, xxi.
205.
Salamandra, amphibian, XXI. 204; I.
760; epithelium of, XIX. 833.
Salamis, island, Greece, XXI. 205; in.
59; battle of (480 B.C.), XL 100;
XVIIL 572; XXL 205; XXIIL 251.
\Lamiya, ruins of Nineveh, XVII.
512.
Sal Ammoniac, chemical salt, i. 741;
XVII. 517.
Salamouri, Caucasian musical instru-
ment, XVII. 705.
Salanga, island, Malay Peninsula, xv.
321.
Salanx, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
Salaria, Via, Roman road, Italy, xx.
552.
Salaro, Italy, Bridge at, iv. 330.
Salas Barbadillo, Alonso G. de,
Spanish novelist, XXII. 358.
Salassi, Ligurian tribe, Italy, XIV.
639-
Salatiga, town, Java, xiii. 606.
Salaverry, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
, Felipe Santiago, ruler ia Peru,
XVIII. 678.
Salawatti, Papuan kingship, New
Guineji, xvii. 389.
Saldamando, Enrique Torres, Peruvian
historian, XVIII. 675.
Sald.anha, Count of, Portuguese states-
man, XIX. 553; XXI. 205.
Sald£, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI. 66a
Sale, in law, XXI. 205; contracts of, in
Roman law, xx. 700; implied war-
ranty in contracts of, xxiv. 373; in
relation to payment, xviii. 440.
— , town, England, XXI. 205.
, Antoine de la, French ronmncist
XX. 658.
, George, translator of the Koran,
XVI. 606.
Saleiver, island, Indian Archipelago,
XXI. 210.
Salem, of Scripture, xiii. 636.
, district and town, India, XXI.
2ia
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XXI.
210; witchcraft trials at, XXIV. 622.
, toMTi, New Jersey, U.S.A.. xxi.
211.
, to^vn, Oregon, U.S.A., xxi. 211;
XVIL 825.
Sale of Lives, Lucian'n dialogue, xv.
45-
Salep, drug, XXI. an.
Salerne, Francois, on birds, xviii. 6.
Salerno, town, Italy, xxi. 211; medical
school of, XV. 806; XXII. 675; uni-
versity, XXIII. 832.
, Giuseppe Ricca, Italian economist,
XIX. 395
Sales, Franjois de, French mystic, IX.
695; xvn. 134.
Salford, town, England, XV. 459.
.186
S A L — S A L
Salian Franks, ix. 723; x. 476; xxi.
212.
Salian Law, of the Franks, ix. 529.
Saliany, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 515.
Saliceto, William of, Italian surgeon,
XXII. 675.
Salicetti, Christophe, Corsican poli-
tician, XVIL 193.
SaLICIN, drug, XXI. 212.
Sauc Law, xxi. 212; x. 476; first ap-
plication of, in France, vni. 31S; ix.
529. 545-
Salicylate of Sodium, xxi. 217.
Salicylic Acid, drug, xxi. 217.
Salieri, Antonio, Italian dramatic com-
poser, XXI. 218.
Salignac, Fran^oisde (F^nelon), French
\rriter, IX. 72, 662; XIX. 359.
Salii, priests of Mara, Rome, XV. 570.
Salim, or Selim, L, Turkish sultan, his
war with Persia, XVlll. 635; xxin.
642, 656.
IL, Turkish sultan, xxill. 621,
644.
III., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 648.
Salina, one of Lipari Islands, XIV.
683.
Saline Mineral Springs, xvi. 434.
Salinity, of water, xxiv. 399; of
Atlantic, xxi. 613; of Baltic, iii. 297;
of Dead Sea, vii. 2; of Mediterranean,
KV. 820-, of Pacific, XXI. 614; of Red
Sea, XX. 317.
Salinometer, hydrometer for brine,
XII. 542.
Salins-Moutiers, spa, France, xvi.
434; XXI. 33^-
Saliparan (Lombok), island, Indian
Archipelago, xiv. 816.
Salisbury, town, England, xxi. 218;
newspapei-s, xvil. 421.
, Margaret, countess of, VIII. 335;
XXIV. 753.
, Earl of (Robert Cecil), v. 282.
, John of, scholastic philosopher,
XIII. 718; XXI. 425.
' Pu\iN, Wilt-s England, xxiv. 594;
Stonehenge stone circle on, xxil.
, 576.
Salis-Seewis, Johann Gaudenz, Swisa
poet, XXII. 798.
Saliva, Function of, xvil 671, 674;
salivary glands, xvii. 668; VIL 222;
of mammals, xv. 361.
Salivahana, Era of, v. 719.
Salix, g(mus of plants, xxiv. 5S8.
Sallee, town, Morocco, xvi. 831; XX,
192.
Sallo, Denis de, founder of French
Journal des Savants, xviii. 539.
Sallust (Caius Sallustius Crispus),
Roman historian, XXI. 219; XX. 720;
on the Jugurthine War, XIII. 767; his
language and style, xiv. 334.
Salluste Dij Barta.s GuiUaume de,
French poet, 11 L 401.
Salmagundi Papers, Paulding's,
xviii. 432.
Salm.'^sius, Claudius, French scholar,
XXI. 219; Milton's answer to, XVL
33=-
Salmiac, mineral, xvi. 384.
Salmon, fish, xxi. 220, 224; xn. 693;
xviii. 320; culture, xix. 128; xxi.
226; disease, xvrii. 266; xxi. 226;
angling for, II. 39 ; Newfoundland
fisheries, XVII. 3S4; Tyne fisheries,
XVII. 568; laws relating to fisheries,
XXI. 225.
Salmonid.*, family of fishes, xxi.
221
Salome, daughter of Herodias, xxi.
227; XL 755.
, widow of Alexander Jarmaeus,
queen of Judaea, xxL 227; xill.
424.
Salomon ben Gebirol (Avicebron,
}.i'.), Jewish philosopher. III. 152.
Salona (Spalato), ancient town,
Dalmatia,.xxii. 366.
Salonica, or Saloniki, town, European
Turkey, XXL 227.
Saloniki, province, Turkey in Europe,
x^iu. 653; town, XXI. 227.
Salop, or Shropshire, county, England,
XXI. 847.
, name of Shrewsbury, town, Eng-
land, xxi. 845.
Salors, Iranian people, Asia, xvi. 43;
xxiii. 661.
Salpa, genus of Timicata, XXIII. 609,
616.
Salpinx, Greek trumpet, xxiil. 592.
Salsafy, vegetable, XII. 287.
Salsette, island, Bomljay, India, XXI.
228.
Salt, Common, xxi. 228; XVL 384;
deposits or mines, in Austria, III. 120;
in Bavaria, IIL 584; on Caspian Sea, v.
178; in India, XII. 764; duties on, in
Bengal, III. 569; manufacture of, in
India, III. 272; as manure, I. 353; xv.,
512 ; working of mines, xvi. 454;
pans, xviii. 621; XXL 233; produc-
tion of, in England, viii. 229; produc-
tion, in Prussia, XX. 15; production,
in United States, XXIII. S17; obtained
from sal-ammoniac, XVIL 517; springs,
XVL 434; in sea water, XXI. 613;
works V. 599; XVI. 239; use of, in
religious rites, XXI. 134;^ mystic sym-
bolism of, XXI. 234.
, Sir Titus, his manufactures _of
aljiaca wool, i. 598.
Salta, town, Argentine Bepublic, XXL
234.
Saltash Bridge, Cornwall, England,
IV. 339-
Salt-Cake Making, xxil 242.
Saltcoats, town, Scotland, xxi.
235-
Saltenstrom, tidal current, Xorway,
XXIV. 542.
Saltikoff, Ru.'sian general, xxi. 99.
, I. (Stchedrin), Russian novelist,
XXI. 108.
Saltillo, town, Mexico, XXL 235; xvi.
214.
Saltire, in heraldry, XI. 696.
Salt Lake, Great, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv.
19.
Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S>A., xxi.
235; XVI. 827.
Salto, town, Uruguay, XXIV. 15.
Salt of Sorrel, xviil 91.
Salt-Pans, xviii. 621; XXI. 233.
Saltpetre, mineral, xxL 235 ; xvi.
396; XVII. 518; as an ingredient of
gunpowder, XL 319, 323; Indian, Xll.
765.
Salts, in chemistry, v. 486; hydrometer
for, XII. 538; magnetism of, xv. 264;
in water, XXIV. 399; in ocean water,
XXI. 611; ethereal, v. 572; of iron,
used in photographic printing, XVIII.
832; manganic, XV. 480; polyiene,
XIX. 192.
Salt Springs, xvl 434.
Salt Sulphur Springs, West Vir-
ginia, U.S.A., XVI. 436.
Salt Swamps, of Persia, xviil 621.
Saluces (Saluzzo), town, Italy, XXI.
237.
Salur, town, India, XXIV. 267.
Salus, Roman goddess, XXI. 235.
Salutaris, Phrvgiau province, xviii.
852.
SalutaTI, Caluccio, Florentine secre-
tary, XX. 802.
Salut.\TIONS, or Greetings, XXI. 235.
Saluzzo, towm, Italy, xxi. 237.
Salvador, republic. Central America.
XXI. 268.
, St, island, Baharnas in. 237.
Salvadori, Count, on the fauna of
New Guinea,. XVIL 387.
Salvage, in law, xxi. 237; of a ship,
XXIV. 687.
Salvation, Christian way of, v. 688;
in 'Pauline dieology, xviii. 425;
Irenffius on, XIII. 274; Buddhist way
of, IV. 428.
Salvelinus, subgenus of fishes, XXI.
223.
Salvia, genus of plants, xil. 252, 264.
SaLVIAN, mediaeval- moralist, XXI.
238.
of Marseilles, writer on the Goths,
X. 852.
Salviani, Ippolito, Italian ichthyolo-
gist,-xn. 631.
Salvianus, Spanish PriscUIianist, XIX.
746.
Salvin, Osbert, on birds, xviil. 12, 13,
41.
Salvinie.€, group of plants, ix. 106.
Salwin, river, Burmah, iv. 5i;i; xxi.
239.
Hill Tracts, district, Burmah,
XXL 239.
S A L — S A N
387
Salves, Ligurian tribe, Italy xiv.
639.
Salza, Heiiuann von, Teutonic Knight,
XXL 239; xxin. 201.
SaLZACH, river, Austria, XXL 239.
Salzbrunn, spa, Geruiany, XXI. 239.
SalzburG, tow-n, Austria, xxi. 239;
university of, XXIIL S51.
Salzgarten, at Capo d'Istria, Austria,
XXL 229.
Salzkammergut, district, Austria,
XXL 241.
Salzmann, Christian Gotthilf, German
educationist, VIL 676.
Salzungen, to^vn, Germany, XXl. 348;
mineral water of,- XVL 434.
Salzvvedel, town, Prussia, JiXL 241.
Samaden, town, Switzerland, viiL 213.
Samani, Persian historian, XXL 736.
Samanid Dynasty, of Persia, xxL
241; XXIL lOI.
Samar, island, Philippines, XVIIL 752.
Samara, government, Russia, xxi. 242;
town, XXL 243.
Samarang, town, Java, xin. 606.
Samarcand, town, Central Asia, XXl.
246; XVIL 709; XXIV. 782.
Sa^l\ria, capital of Northern Israel,
XXL 243.
, division of Palestine, XVIII. 176;
kingdom- of, XIIL 406, 412; tributary
to Assyria, IIL 187; coins of, XVIL
650.
Samaritan Language, xxi. 64S;
dictionaries of, vil. 189.
Ba.maritan Pent.\teuch, xxi. 244;
V. 4; Morin's edition, XVL 825.
6AM.4RITANS, reDgious community, xxi.
244; XIII. 419.
Samarium, Spectrum of, xxil. 376.
Samarkand, town, Central Asia, xxi.
246; obser\'atory at, xvii. 709; rail-
way connexion, xxiv. 782.
Samarskite, mineral, XIV. 292; XVI.
427-
Sa.marsko-Nikolaevskii, monastery,
Russia, XVIL 6og
Samartchik, Cossack settlement,
Russia, XVIL 609
SA^L\-VEDA, Brahmanical book, xxi.
277.
Sam.wva (Simibawa), island, Tnrlian
Archipelago, xxiI. 641.
Samave, convent, Tibet, XIV. 501.
Sambalpur, district, India, xxi. 247.
Sa.mbas, district, Borneo, IV. 59.
Same.\wa (Sumbawa), island, Tndiqn
irchipelago, XXIL 641.
Sambhar, India, Salt lake at, XIIL
.703.
Sameucus, genus of trees, vil. 828.
Samelats, or Lapps, Northern Europe,
XIV. 305.
Samen, mountains, Abyssinia, l. 62.
Samh, Arabian grain, II. 236.
Sam: it AS, collections of Sanskrit texts,
:ixi. 273.
Samian Ware, pottery, xix. 617.
Samiri, the Wandering Jew, XIIL 674.
Samite, variety of textile, XXIIL 210.
Sasinites, ancient Italian people, XXL
248, 128; XIIL 445; XX. 741, 744; as
allies of the Umbriaus, XXIIL 724.
<^AMNIUM, ancient district, Italy, XXL
248; coins of, XVIL 637.
wAMOA, group of islands. South. Pacific,
XVIL 279 ; taboo system in, XXIIL
16; totemism in, XXIIL 468.
Samoghitians, tribes, Lithuania, Xiv.
702.
Samonlan Plain, of the Troad, xxiii.
57S.
Samos, island, .^gean Sea, XXl. 249;
XXIIL 653; coins of, XVIL 647; water-
works, II. 219.
Samosata, capital of Commagene, Syria,
XXII. 822; coins of, XVIL 649.
, Paul of, bishop of Antioch, XVIIL
429.
Samothrace, island, .lEgean Sea, XXI.
250.
Samothracian Mysteries, The, iv.
621.
Samoyedes, people, Russia, XXI. 251;
xviil 61; xix. 329; xx. ii.
Samoyedic Language, xxiv. i.
Sampang, department and town, Mad-
ura, Indian Archipelago, XV. 194.
Sampierdarena, suburb of Genoa,
Italy, XXL 251; X. 157.
Samsams, people, Malacca, Asia, XV.
323-
Sam-shee, Chinese drink, IV. 264.
S.AM Slick, HalibUrton's humorous
sketches, XL 383.
Samson, of Scripture, XXI. 252.
Agonistes, Milton's drama, ^n.
339-
Samsun. (Amisus), town, Turkey in
Asia, XIX. 459.
Samuel, judge of Israel, xxl 252; xiii.
402; XIX. 814.
, Bulgarian chief, Xl. 115.
, Books of, XXL 252; vi. 837.
Samur, river, Caucasus, v. 255.
Samvat, Hindu era, xv. 346.
San, affluent of the Vistula, Europe,
XIX. 307.
Sana, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
S.\NAA, town, Arabia, XXI. 253.
Sanagirs, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxill.
608.
Sanai,- Persian philosopner and poet,
XXL 254; XVIIL 65S.
San Antonio, mountains, New Mexico,
U.S.A., XVIL 400.
, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi. 254;
XXIIL 205.
San Bartolommeo de Honda, towi,
Colombia, XII. 129.
San Benito (Paysandu), town, Uru-
guay, XVIIL 441.
San Bernardino, mountains, Cali-
fornia, U.S.A., xxiii. Soi.
Sanchez, FnCucisco, Spanish scholar,
XXL 255.
, Francisco,. Portuguese physician,
>CXL 255.
, Thomas, Spanish Jesuit and cajBuist,
XXL 255.
Sancho L, king of Castile (IIL of
Navarre), L 615; XXiL 312.
II., of Castile, i. 615.
IV., of Castile, L 617, XXIl. 319,
35-t-
I., king of Leon, XXII. 311.
III., the Great, king of Navarre
(L of Castile), L 615; xxiL 312.
I., king of Portugal, xxi. 255; XlX.
541.
II., of Portugal, XXL 255; XIX.
542.
San Christoval, island, Solomon
group, South Pacific, XXIL 252.
Sanchuniathon, Phoenician writer,
XXI. 255; XVIIL 802.
San Cristoval de los Llanos, town,
Mexico, XXL 255; XVL 214.
Sancroft, WUliam, archbishop of
Canterbury, XXL 255.
Sanctius (Francisco Sanchez), Spanish
scholar, XXl. 255.
Sanctuary, in architecture, IL 388;
xxiii. 166.
, of Israel, XXIII. 6, 165; XIIL 637;
tithes payable at, XXIIL 411; relation
of priests to, XIX. 726.
, Privilege of, XXL 255.
Sanctus Bell, hi. 538.
Sanctus Bell-Cot, ii. 472.
Sancy, Puy de, mountain, Franoe. XX-
119.
Sand, George (Madame Dudevant),
French novelist, VIL 507; IX. 678;
as journalist, xviL 4^6.
, Karl Ludwig, assassin of Kotzebne,
XIV. 145.
Sandakan Harbour, North Borneo,
XXI. 123.
Sandals, xxi. S30.
Sandalwood, xxi. 255.
Sandan, CiUcian divinity, XXIIL 67.
Sandarach, resin, xxL 256.
Sanday, island, Orkney, Scotland, XVIL
846.
Sandbach, town, England, XXI. 256.
Sandbergerite, mineral, xvL 413.
Sand-Blast, its industrial uses, xxL
57-
Sandby, Paul, English painter, xxi.
257, 441, 444; as caricaturist, V. 104.
Sandeau, Leonard SUvain Jules, French
novelist, XXL 257; XXIL 291.
Sandec, or Neu-Sandec, town, Austria,
XVIL 364.
Sand-Eel, fish, xxl 257.
Sandeman, Robert, leader of the Sande-
manians, X. 637.
Sandemanians, or Glassites, Scotti^
sect, X. 637.
SAN1)ERLING, bil-d, XXI. 261.
388
S A N — SA N
Sanders, Nicholas, legate to Ireland,
Xlli. 264.
Sanderson, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
XXI. 258.
Sandford and Merton, Day's oook,
VII. 655.
Sand-Grouse, bird, xxl 258; migra-
tion of. III. 770.
Sand Hills, their formation, X. 265;
in Holland, Xll. 60; in Persia, XV.
651; ill Peru, xviii. 670; in Sahara,
XXI. 149; in Transcaspian Region,
xxiil. 511.
Sand-Hopper, crustacean, vi. 661.
Sandhurst, tovra, Victoria, xxi. 259.
, England, Military college at, 11.
585.
San Diego to\vn, California, U.S.A.,
XXI. 259.
Sandila, town, India, xviii. 72.
Sand-LaUnce, fish, XXI. 257.
Sand-Lizard, xiv. 734.
Sand-Martin, bird, XV. 581.
San Domingo, island, West Indies, xi.
543; buccaneers of, IV. 408.
Sandomir, town, Russian Poland, XXI.
259; XX. 218.
Sandonus (Athenodorus), Stoic philo-
Bopher, II. 832.
Sandoway, district, Bufmah, xxi. 259;
town, XXI. 260.
Sandown, toMm, Isle of Wight, Eng-
land, xxiv. 561.
Sandpiper, bird, xxi. 260; xi. 173.
Sand-Piper, fish, xiv. 249.
Sandracottus, founder of Maurya
kingdom, India, Xll. 7S7; xv. 142;
XVIII.- 586.
Sandridge, suburb . of . Melbourne,
Victoria, XV. 836.
Sand Rocks, x. 236.
Sands, Blowing, Reclamation of, 1. 406.
Sand-Star, fish, vii. 634.
Sandstone, x. 237; strength of, xxii.
603.
Sanduseros, people of Paysandu,
Uruguay, xviii. 441.
Sandusky, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxi.
261.
Sandwich, town, England, xxi. 261.
, First Earl of, British general and
admiral, xxi. 261.
, ^Fourth Earl of, English politician,
XXI. 261.
Islands, North Pacific, XL 528;
XVIII. 127.
Spa, Canada, xvi. 436.
Sandwip, island, India, xv. 830.
Sand Worm, ii. 71.
Sandy Deserts, their influence on
temperature, vi. 4; XVL 137.
Sandys, George,'English traveller and
translator, XXI. 262; his Ovid, I. 720.
San Est.\nislao, town. Paraguay,
XVIII. 244.
Sanfedisti, revolutionary society,
Italy, xill. 4S6.
San Felipe de Austria, town, Vene-
zuela, v. 103.
San Felipe de Jatjva, town, Spain,
xiii. 597.
San Fernando, . town, Spain, xxi.
262.
, town, Trinidad, West Indies,
XXIIL 573.
DE Atabapo, town, Venezuela,
XVII. 843.
DE NuevitaS (Puerto Principe),
town, Cuba, XX. 99.
San Francisco, town, California,
U.S.A., XXL 262.
Mountains, Arizona, U.S.A.,
XXII'. 799.
Sang, Edward, his logarithmic tables,
XXIII. 10.
Sangai, moimtain, Ecuador, vii. 645.
Sangallo, Florentine family of artists,
XXL 065.
Sangar, state, Sumbawa. Indian Archi-
pelago, XXII. 641.
Sang.^rius, river, Asia Minor, 11. 707;
XVIII. 691, 852.
SANGfiRHAUSEN, to^vn, Prussia, XXI.
265.
San Germano, town, Italy, xvi. 778.
San Geronimo, mountain, Spain, xvi.
797-
Sangha, society of Buddhists, iv. 434.
San Gimignano, Folgore of, Italian
poet, XIII. 501.
Sangje Gvamtso, regent of Tibet, xiv.
503.
Sangkalok, ancient town, Siani, xxi.
854.
SangRE de Cristo, mountain range.
Rocky Mo'intains, U.S.A., xxili. 796.
Sanhedrin, Jewish council, XlII. 424;
XXII. 812; convened at Paris in 1806,
XIII. 683.
San,-Hu£, town, Anam, Xll. 333.
Sanhya School, of Brahmauism, iv.
209.
Sanidine, mineral, XVL 419.
Sanitary Laws, xv. 797; xx. 96.
Sanitation, of dwellings, xii. 566; xxi.
714; XXIV. 159.
San Jacinto, Texas, U.S.A., Battle of
(1836), xxiii. 206.
Mountains, California, U.S_A.,
xxiii. 801.
Sanjak, Turkish administrative divi-
sion, XXIIL 654.
S.\NJEH, affluent of Euphrates, Asia,
VIII. 669.
San Jose, town, California, U.S.A., xxi.
266.
, to\\Ti, Guatemala, XL 241.
, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
Sanju, town, Turkestan, XXIIL 639;
x.\iv. 72S.
San Juan, river, Nicaragua, xvil. 477.
Bautist.'v, town, Mexico, xvL 214.
Bautista, town, Porto Rico, xix.
532-
San Juan de Corrientes, town,
Argentine Republic, .vi. 439.
DE LA Fronter.\, town, Argen-
tine Republic, XXI. 266.
DEL Norte, to\vn, Nicaragua, XL
194; XVIL 477.
del Sur, town, Nicaragua, xvii.
477-
Islands, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXI. 266.
R.\nge, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
XXIIL 796.
San Julian del Pereyro, Knights of
(Knights of Alcantara), I. 458.
Sankara, Hindu theologian and philo-
sopher, XXI. 290.
Sankaracharya, Sanskrit poet, xxi..
287.
Sankhya, Hindu system of philosophy,
XXI. 290.
Sankt Johann, town, Prussia, xxi.
122.
Sankt Polten, town, Austria, xxi.
266.
San Lazzaro, isiand and Mechitharist
convent, near Venice, XV. 774.
San Lucar de" Barrameda, to^vn,
Spain,. XXL 266.
San Lucar de Barrameda, Duque
de (Olivares), Spanish statesman, XVII.
761.
San Luis Potosi, to\vn, Mexico, xxi.
266; XVL 214; state, XVI. 214.
San Mamede, mountains, Portugal,
XIX. 536.
San Marino, republic, Italy, xxi. 266;
XIII. 485.
San Martin de Jos^ Chilian general,
XXL 267.
Sanmichele, Micl.ele, Italian architect,
XXL 267; xxiv. 155, 171.
S.\n Miguel (St Michael's), island,
Azores, IIL 171.
, to\vn, Salvador, Central America,
XXI. 268.
DE LA Palma, island, Canaries, iv.
799-
S.^NNAZARO, Jacopo, Italian poet, xxi.
267; xiiL 50S; xviii. 345; xxii. 357.
San Pablo, lake, Ecuador, vii. 646.
San Pantaleone, islet, Sicily, xv.
57I-.
San Pedro, town, Paraguay, xvin.
244.
S.\NPU, river, Assam, II. 718.
Sanraboni, district, Celebes, v. 288.
San Remo, town, Italy, xxi. 268.
San Salvador, island, first American
land discovered by Columbus, vi,
«73-
, repubUc and town, Central
America, xxi. 268.
, volcano, Central America, xxi.
268.
DA Bahia, town, Brazil, in. 239.
Sansanding, town. West Afuca, XXI.
269.
S A N-S A R
389
5an Sebastian, town, Spain, xxi. 269.
Sans Egal, bagatelle game, in. 230.
San Severo, town, Italy, XXI. 269.
San-Sing, town, Manchuria, XV. 466.
Sanskrit Language, xxi. 269; xi.
841; xviii. 781, 784; its relation to
Greek, XI. 127; to Pali, xviii. 183;
Benfey's works on, xviii. 781 ; Muir's,
XVII. 13; dictionaries of, VII. 190.
.Sanskrit Literature, xxi. 273; iv.
201 ; the Vedanta, xxiv. 117; Lassen's
works on, xiv. 322; H. H. WOson's
essays on, xxiv. 590.
Sanskrit Manuscripts, xiv. 533.
Sanskrit Numerals, xvii. 627.
Sanson, Nicolas, French cartographer,
XXI. 295.
Sansovino, Andrea Contncci del Monte,
Florentine sculptor, xxi. 295.
, Francesco, Venetian ai'chitect,
xxiv. 153.
, Jacopo, Italian architect and sculp-
tor, XXI. 295; xxiv. 152, 154.
Sans Souci, palace, Potsdam, Prussia,
XIX. 599.
San Stefano, Turkey, Peace of (1878),
XXI. 102; xxiii. 652.
Santa ANA,towni,San Salvador, Central
America, XXI. 268.
Santa-Ana DE CORO, tovni, Venezuela,
VI. 428.
S.\nta Anna, island, Brazil, iv. 222.
-, Antonio Lopez de, Me.\ican presi-
dent, XXI. 296; XVI. 219.
Santa Barb.\ra, department, Hon-
duras, XII. 132.
Santa Casa, Chiesa della, Loreto, Italy,
XV. 3.
Santa Caterina, spa. North Italy,
XXIV. 45.
Santa CATHARINA,■to^^^l, Brazil, vii.
132-
Santa Cruz, islands. Pacific Ocean,
XVII. 395; XV. 835.
, Andreas, ruler in Peru, XVIII. 678.
DE LA Sierra, department, . Bo-
livia, IV. 10.
de SANTIAGO, town, Teueriffe, IV.
799-
Santa Fe, town, Argentine Republic,
XXI. 296.
, town, New Mexico, U.S.A., XXI.
296.
DE Bogota, to^vn, Colombia, III.
858.
DE Guanajuato, town, Mexico,
XI. 233.
Santa Hermandad, or Holy Brothcr-
hootl, Spain, XXII. 326; IX. 81.
SantalacEjE, group of parasitic plants,
XVIII. 266.
Santa Laura, convent, on Mount
Athos, I. II.
Santalic Acid, xxi. 256.
Santal Parganas, district, India,
XXI. 296.
Santalum, genus of trees, XXI. 255.
Santa Maria (Capua), town, Italy, v.
79-
Santa Maura, one of the Ionian Is-
lands, Greece, XXI. 297; XIII. 205.
Santander, province, Spain, XXI. 297;
town, XXI. 298.
Sant" Antao, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
Sant" Antonio, part of Peruambuco,
Brazil, xviii. 551.
Santarem, town, Brazil, xxi. 298.
, town, Portugal, XXI. 298.
Santa Scolastica, Italy, Monastic
library of, XIV. 530.
Santee, river. South Carolina, U.S.A
XXII. 287.
Santerre, Jean Baptiste, Frenca
painter, XXI. 298.
San Thiago (St Jago), one of the Cape
Verd Islands, v. 52.
S ANTI, Giovanni, Italian painter, XX. 274.
Santi.-vgo, province. Chili, xxi. 298;
V. 617.
, town. Chili, XXI. 298; observatory
at, xvii. 716.
, town, Cuba, XXI. 300.
DE Chao, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
DE Compostella, town, Spain,
XXI. 299; scidptures in, XXI. 566;
rainfall at, XXII. 296.
DE CuB.\, town, Cuba, XXI. 300.
DE Guatemala, town. Central
America, XI. 241.
DE Guayaquil, town, Ecuador,
South America, XI. 242.
DEL ESTERO, towi>, Argentine Re-
public, XXI. 300.
Santillana, Marquis of, Spanish poet,
XXI. 300; XXII. 355.
Santini, Giovanni, Italian astronomer,
XXI. 300.
Santipur, toM-n, India, xvii. 161.
Santistevan, Jose, Peruvian jurist,
XVIII. 675.
S.\NT0, Francisco, Spanish novelist,
XXII. 358.
Santob of Carrion, Spanish writer,
xxiL 353.
Santo Domingo Coban, town. Central
America, VI. 83.
San Tomas de la Nueva Guavana
(Angostura), Venezuela, II. 45.
Santona, town, Spain, XXI. 297.
Santonin, bitter principle in plants,
XIX. 53.
Santorin (Thera), island, Greece, xxill.
279.
Santorini, Giovanni Domenico, Italian
anatomist, I. 813.
Santos, town, Brazil, xxi. 300.
Santo Tomas, to\i-n, Guatemala, xi. 241.
Sanudo, Marco, Venetian, his capture
of Naxos, XVII. 302.
San Vicente, town, Salvador, Central
America, XXI. 268.
Sanzio, Raphael, Italian painter, XX.
274. See Raphael.
SXo Felippe, town. Cape Verd lelaixK
V. 52.
SAo Francisco, river, Brazil, iv. 222.
SAo JoAo da Foz, suburb of Oporto^
Portugal, XVII. 795.
SAo Leopoldo, German colony, Brazil,
XXI. 301.
SAo Luiz de MaranhAD, town, Brazil,
XV. 526.
Sa6ne, river, France, xx. 528.
, Haute-, department, France, xxi.
301.
Sa6ne-et-Loire, department, France,
XXI. 301.
Sao Nicolao, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
Saood, Wahhabi ruler, Arabia, II. 260.
SAo Paulo, to\vn, Brazil, xxi. 302.
SAo Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul,
town, Brazil, XX. 564.
SAo Vicente, one of- the Cape Verd
Islands, V. 52.
, towni, Brazil, XXI. 301.
Sapajou, ape, II. 154.
Sapho, pseudonym of Mademoiselle da
Scudery {q.v.), XXI. 555.
Sapojok, town, Russia, xxL 116.
Saponification, x. 697; xxii. 202.
Saponite, mineral, X. 228; xvi. 414.
Sapor, or Shapur {q-v.), kings of Persia,
xviii. 608; XVII. 514.
Sappan Wood, dyewood, xxi. 302.
S.-iPPERS, in Austrian army, II. 606;
British, II. 579; IX. 456; Prus-sian, II.
597; Russian, II. 610.
Sapphire, gem, XXI. 302; Greek, xiy.
300.
d'Eau, mineral, xvi. 418.
Sapphirine, mineral, xvi. 386.
Sapphirite, mineral, xvi. 409.
Sappho, Greek poete.ss, xxi. 302.
Saprolegnia, salmon fungus, xxi. 226;
XVI. 293.
SaprolegniEj«, suborder of Fungi,
IX. 830; XVIII. 266.
Saprophytes, vegetable jjaraaites on
dead organisms, xviii. 264.
Sapucaia (or Sapucaya) Nut and
Oil, xvii. 665, 746.
Sar, Babylonian numerical term, XVIL
626.
Sarabaites, or Remoboth, Eastern
ascetics, XVI. 701.
Saraband, Spanish dance, xxi. 303.
Saracenic Architecture, ii. 445;
in decoration, II. 234.
Saracens, mediaeval Moslems, xxr.
304; in France, xxi. 28; in Greece,
XI. 115; in Italy, XIII. 468; campaigi^
of Nicephorus II. against, XVII. 482;
conquest of Malta by, xv. 342; con-
quest of Sicily by, XXII. 23; invasion
of Spain by, XXII. 309.
Saragos'sa, or Zaragoza, province, Spain,
XXIV. 769; town, XXIV. 770; XXII. 307.
, Duke of, Spaiiish general, xvui.
166.
390
Saragu, fish, XXI. 785.
Sarah, of Scripture, I. 52.
Sarakhs, oasis, Transcaspian Eegion,
Russia, xviii. 618; XXIII. 512.
Sarakol^s, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, XXI. 662.
S ARAM a, of Sanskrit mythology, XI. 7 50.
S.AJIAN, district, India, XXI. 304.
Saranda, mountain, India, XXII. 94.
S.'^RANSK, town, Russia, XVIII. 515.
Saranyu, Vedic divinity, VIII. 524.
Sarapis, Egyptian divinity, va. 717;
XXI. 674.
Sarapul, town, Russia, XXIV. 303.
Sarasara, mountain, Peru, xviii. 672.
Saraswati, river, India, Legend of,
I. 579.
Saratoff, government, Russia, XXI.
304; town, XXI. 305.
Saratoga, Battle of (1777), xxiii. 744.
Springs, spa. New York, U.S.A.,
XXI. 306; mineral water of, XVI. 436.
Sarawak, territory, Borneo, xxi. 306;
IV. 60.
, Rajah of (Sir James Brooke), iv.
369.
Sarbievius, Matthias Casimir, Polish
Latin poet, xix. 301.
Sarbut AL-Khadem, Sinai, Arabia,
xxii. 88.
Sarcocvstidia, subclass of Protozoa,
XIX. 855.
S.VRCODE, animal protoplasm, XIX.
828.
Sarcolactic Acid, xiv. 197.
Sarcolite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Sarcoma, disease, xviii. 368.
Sarcophagi, stone or fictile coffins,
eai-ly Christian, XXI. 556; Etruscan,
VIII. 643; Etruscan, in terra-cotta,
XXIII. 193; Phoenician, xviu. 810;
Roman, II. 419.
Sard, precious stone, xxi. 310.
Sardanapalus, king of Nineveh, XXI.
307; III. 188; XXIII. 67.
Sardes, town, Asia Minor, XV. 98.
Sardica, Illyria, Council of (347), II.
829; XIII. 771.
Sardine, fish, xxi. 307; xii. 694; xix.
90; fishery, IX. 253; fishery in Italy,
XIII. 455.
Sardinia, island, Mediterranean, xxi.
307; XV. 820; XIII. 440; acquired by
Rome, XX. 74S; dialects of, xiil. 493.
, Kingdom of, Italy, XXI. 310; v.
275 ; XIII. 4S5 ; war mth Austria
(1859), III. 13S.
Sardinian X>iALECTS, xiii. 493.
Sardis, to\vn, Lydia, Asia Minor, XXI.
310.
Sardonyx, precious stone, xxi. 310;
XVII. 776. ■
Sarepta, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
Sargasso Sea, in Atlantic, iii. 20, 26;
1. 509.
Sargassum Bacciferum, species of
Algse, I. 509,
S A R — S A U
Sargon, king of Assyria, III. 187; XIII.
412; palace of, at Nineveh, xvii. 512.
Sargus, genus of fishes, xxi. 785.
Sari, town, Persiji, xv. 651.
Dagh, mountain, Caucasus, V. 254.
Sariks, tribe, Merv, XVI. 43.
Sarjektjakko, mountain, Sweden,
XXII. 736.
S.\RKEL, ancient Khazar town, Russia,
XIV. 59, 60.
Sarm an, Vishnu, mythical Hindu fabu-
list, VIII. 837; XXI. 287.
Sarmatians, ancient people, Europe
and Asia, XXI. 310, 575, 578 ; in
Russia, XXI. 78.
Sarmiento, Mount, Tierra del Fuego,
XXIII. 384.
de Gamboa, Pedro, Patagonian
explorer, XVIII. 353.
Sarnen, town, Switzerland, XXII. 778;
XXIII. 858.
Sarno, town, Italy, XXI. 311.
Sarpfos, waterfall, Norway, Xvil. 575.
Sarpi, Pietro, friar, theologian, and
scientist, XXI. 311; XVIII. 431; XIX.
505.
Sarracenia, genus of insectivorous
plants, XIII. .13S.
Sarrazin, Jacques, French painter,
XXI. 313.
Sarrusophones, musical instruments,
XVII. 707.
Sars, Georg Ossian, on fish spawning,
IX. 244.
, Michael, Nonvegian zoologist,
XVII. 592.
Sarsaparilla, drug. xxi. 313.
Sarsfield, Lady, wife of Baron von
Neuhof, XVII. 362.
Sartak, Tartar chief, XXI. 46.
Sarthe, department, France, XXI. 314.
S.\rti, Giuseppe, Italian musical theo-
rist and composer, XXI. 314; v. 5S7.
Sarto, Andrea del, Italian painter,
XXI. 315, 435.
Sartorite, mineral, XVl. 394.
Sartorius, Georg, German economist,
XIX. 387.
Sarts, Asiatic tribe, Xiv. 64; XXII. 820;
in Persia, XXIII. 25; in Turkestan,
XXIII. 636.
Sarum, town, England, xxi. 218.
Use, liturgy, viii. 379.
Sarun (Saran), district, India, XXI.
304.
Sards, river, Asia Minor, 11. 708; v.
777.
Sary-Su, river, Siberia, xxiil. 627.
Sarzeau, town, France, XVI. 813.
Sasanian Empire, Persia, xviil. 607;
coins of, XVII. 659; contest of, with
Rome, XX. 777.
Sasine, in Scots law, xxi. 626.
Saskatchewan, district, North-West
Territory, British America, XVII. 573.
Saskia VAN Ulenburgh, wife of
Rembrandt, xx. 374.
SA SOTOMAIOR, Eloi de, Portuguese
poet, XIX. 556.
Sassafras Nut, xvii. 664.
Sassanian (SAsAnian) Empire, Persia,
XVIII. 607; coins of, xvii. 659; contest
of, with Rome, xx. 777.
Sassari, town, Sardinia, xxi. 316.
Sasseram, subdivision, Bengal, India,
XXI. 316.
Sassnitz, town, Biigen, Prussia, xxi. 57.
Sassoline, mineral, xvi. 387.
Satali, town, Asia Minor, xxi. 317.
Satan, vii. 136; doctrine of the Bogo-
mili regarding. III. 858; in Mani-
cliEeism, XV. 483; Zoroastrian doctrine
of, XXIV. 822.
Satara, district and town, India, XXL
317-
Satellites, of planets, 11. 783; of
Jupiter, II. 810.
Sati (Suttee), Hindu rite, xxn. 727;
IV. 210; abolition of, XII. 806.
SAtiN, textile, xxiv. 464; origin of the
word, V. 673.
Spar, mineral, I. 439; xvL 398.
Satin-Wood, xxi. 317.
Satire, xxi. 317; Roman, xviii. 661.
Menipp^e, in French literature,
IX. 655.
OF THE Three Estates, Lynd-
say^s, XV. 108.
Satires, Menippean, of Varro, xxiv. 93.
Satkinsh, to%vn, Russia, xxiii. 717.
Satlaj (Sutlej), river, India, XII. 847;
XX. 106; I. 484.
Satnamis, Hindu sect, lli. 671.
Satnios, river, Asia Minor, XXIIL 57S.
Satraps, Persian, organized by Darius,
XVIII. 569; of Alexander the Great,
XVIII. 583.
Satsuma, Japan, Porcelain of, XIX. 635.
Insurrection, Japan, xiii. 585.
Sattarah (Satara), district, India, xxi.
317-
SATUR.e, in Roman drama, vil. 409;
XIV. 723.
Saturn, Italian divinity, xxi. 32a
, planet, II. 776, 7S2, 811; as affected
by tidal friction, XXIII. 379.
Saturnalia, Roman festival, xxi. 321.
, Macrobius's treatise, XV. 167.
Saturninus, Roman tribune', XX. 758.
, St, French martyr, XXIII. 485.
Satyr, of Greek mythology, xxL 322;
XXII. 51.
Sauda, Urdu poet, XL 848.
Sauerkraut, article of food, iv. 618.
Sauerland, district, Westphalia, Ger-
many, XXIV. 516.
Saugor (Sagar), district, India, XXL
146; town, XXL 147.
Saugur Straits, Japan, xill. 57a
Saul, king of Israel, VI. 838; XIII. 403;
XXL 253; claim of Afghan descent
from, I. 238.
of Tarsus (Paul, St, q.v.), XMltL
415.
S A U — S C A
391
Saumaise, Clatide cle (Salmasitu'X Dutch
scholar, XXI. 219; xvi. 332.
Saumarez, Bajon de, English admiral,
XXI. 322.
Saumur, town, France, XXI. 322.
Wine, xxiv. 606.
Saunderson, Nicholas, English mathe-
matician, XXI. 323.
SauRAS, tribe, India, XV. 185.
Saurians, division of reptiles, X.K.
432.
Saurin, Jacques, French preacher, XXI.
323-
Saurognathous Type, 01 oirds, 111.
716.
Sauroids, group of Vertebiata, XXI.
323-
SauromaTjE, or Sarmatiann (y.r.),
ancient people, XXI. 310, 78, 575,
578.
Sauropoda, order of fossil reptiles, XX.
443-
Sauropsida, group of Vertebrata, xxi.
323; xviii. 43.
Sauroptervgla, group of fossil reptiles,
XIX. 220; XX. 444.
SAURUR.E, group, of birds, iii. 699;
XVIII. 34, 44.
Sausage, German Pea, preserved food,
XIX. 707.
Saussure, Horace Benedict de, Swiss
physicUt, XXI. 323; XXII. 799; his
electrical experiments, VIII. 9 ; his
oheenations on glaciers, X. 629.
, Xicolas de, Swiss agriculturUt,
XXI. 323.
, Xicolas Theodore de, Swiss
chemist, XXI. 324.
^AUSSURlTE, mineral, Xlli. 541; XVI.
420.
SXuTERKE Wine, xxiv. 605.
Sautrev, William, Lollard martyr,
XIV. 811.
SaU.'AGES, Francis Bossier de, French
physicist, XV. 815.
Sava, St, archbishop of Servia, xxi.
689.
Savage, Richard, English poet and
adventurer, XXI. 324 ; his relations
■nith Dr Johnson, XIII. 722.
Savages, Bearing of international law
on, XIII. 196.
Savalan, Mount, Persia, XVIII. 619.
Savannah, to^^■n, Georgia, U.S.A., xxi.
324; river, X. 434.
Savars, people, India, v. 243.
Savart, Felix, his acoustic appaiStus,
I. 108.
Savarv, Anne Jean Marie Rene, French
general and diplomatist, XXI. 325.
Savarv's Heliometer, xvi. 249.
Savelli, Luca, Eoman senator, XX.
795-
Savernake Forest, Wilts, England,
xxiv. 594.
Savery, Thomas inventor of a steam
pumping engine, xxiL 473.
Savia, Roman province, Pannonia,
XVIII. 213.
Savigliano, town, Italy, xxi. 325.
Savignv, Carl Friedrich von, Prussian
minister, xxi. 327.
, Friedrich Cirl von, historian of
Roman law, xxi. 326.
Savile, George, marquis of Halifa.x, XI.
386.
, Sir Henry, English scholar, XXl.
327-
Savin, plant, xiii. 774.
Savings B.\nk3, xxi. 327; j>ost-office,
XIX. 572; in England and Wales, viii.
240, 256; at Paris, X\ III. 283.
Savoie, department, France, XXI. 331.
, Haute-, department, France, xxi.
332-
Savona, town, Italy, xxi. 333.
Savonarola, Girolamo, Italiau Refoi-
mer, XXI. 333; XIII. 481; in Florence,
IX. 335; his influence on contemporaiy
ai-t, IV. 166; on Italian literature,
XIII. 508.
Savon de Verrier, mineral, xvi.
Savory, herb, xii. 289.
S.\^ OY, departments of France, XXI.
331, 332; annexation of, IX. 624; XIII.
490.
, vegetable, XII. 287.
, Academy of, I. 74
, House of, XXI. 339 (genealogical
table, 340); XIII. 483.
Conference (1662X London, xix.
690.
Palace, London, Xiv. 838, 845.
Saw, tool, XXI. 343; XI. 437.
Sawad, district, Jlesopotamia, XVI. 51.
Sawahili, people, East Afiica, XVI.
697.
Sawaii, island. South Pacific, xvu.
279.
Sawaiori, Polvnesian race, xix. 423.
Sawakin (Suakim), port on Red Sea,
XX. 316; XXII. 615.
Sawant\vari, state, India, XXI. 342.
Sa\v.atch .Mountains, U.S.A., xxm.
796.
Saw-Bill, bird, xvi. 35.
Saw-Fish, xn. 686; XX. 299.
Saw-Flv, xxi. 343; XII. 576; aR wheat
pest, XXIV. 536.
Saw-Mills, xxi. 344.
S.AWS, tools, XXI. 343; XL 437.
Sa\vtrey, John, English martyr, XX.
322.
SAWU^•T^^•ARRIE, state, India, XXI. 342.
Sawyer-Work, for building, iv. 476.
Sax, Charles Joseph, musical iusti ument
maker, XVII. 98.
Saxe, John Godfrey, Amencan poet, I.
, Maurice, Comte de, Fiench mar-
shal, XXI. 346; IX. 586.
Saxe-Altenburg, duchy, Germany,
XXI. 347.
Saxe-Coburc-Cotha, duchy, Ger-
many, XXI. 347.
Saxe-Meiningen, duchy, Germany,
XXI. 348.
Saxe-Saalfeld, duchj , Germany, xxi.
122.
Saxe - \\EIMAR - Eisenach, grand-
duchy, Oemiany, x.XL 349.
Saxicola, genus of birds, xxiv. ^^tx
Saxifrage, plant, xxL 350; xiL 251.
Saxo Gram.maticus, Danish hii^toriim
and poet, XXI. 350; his C'hi-onicle, I. 57.
S.\xoN Chronicle, \ in. 406.
Saxons, Teutonic jwople, xxi. 351; re-
lation of, to the Angles, 11. 30; their
opposition to Charlemagne, 'W 402 ;
in England, A iii. 268, 270 ; fint
inva"don of England by. XXII. 725;
in German:, X. 477; of Tiausylvania,
• XXIII. 522; law of the, XXI. 215.
Saxon Switzerland, x.\l 357.
Saxon\, counti-r, North Germany, XXI.
351; inuj of, II. 599; libiaries, XIT.
527, 546; prison system, XIX. 760:
schools foi the blind, ill. 829.
, North Mark of, di\ ision of ancient
Prussia, XX. 2.
, Prussian, pio\ince of Prussia, XXI.
359-
Saxophone, musical instrument, xrii.
708.
Say, town, on Niger, Africa, xvil. 497.
, Jean Baptiste, Fiench politirtl
economist, XXI. 360; XIX. 3S2.
Saves Court, mansion, Deptford, EnJ^
land, VII. loi.
Sayle, M illiam, colonizer of South
Carolina, U.S.A., XXII. 289.
Savnite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Say^'ID Ahm.ad, Indian Wahhabi leader,
XL 849.
Sa\-yid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Urda
writer, XI. 850.
Sa^tids, Indian race, XII. 746; XV. 185.
Sbeitla, town, Tunis, xxiii. 6201
Scabies, disease, xviii. 270; xxii. 123.
Scagliola, in pla-ster work, iv. 508.
SCAL-A, Delia (Scaliger), ruling family
in Veiona, XXIV. 173; tombs of th«,
XXIV. 172; IL 456.
No\ A, town, Asia Minor, XXl.
361.
Scale, of maps, xxil 708: xv. 522. ■
, surveying instrument, XXII. 7201
Insects, xiii. 153.
Scales, of animals, xxii. 107; of fishes,
.•<II. 639; of mamra.-ls, XV. 348; of
reptiles, XX. 446.
, Musical, XVII. 80.
, Thcrmometric, xxiu. 2S8; gradua-
tion of, XI. 27.
Scaliger. or Delia Scala, family,
Cerona, ftalv, xxiv. 173. See Scala.
, Joseph Ju.stus, Italian scholar,
XXI. 362; ana of, I. 784.
, Julius Csesar, Italian philosopllen
XXI. 361.
392
S C A — S G H
Scaling, William, on the cultivation of
mllows, III. 422.
SCALLOWAV, town, Shetland, Scotland,
XVII. 848.
SCAMANDER, river, Asia Minor, 11. 707;
XXIII. 578.
SCAMELL, bird, X. 720.
SCAMMONV, drug, XXI. 365.
SCANDERBEG (George Castriota), Al-
banian prince, XXI. 365; I. 225, 447;
XXIII. 642.
SCANDEROON, town, Asia Minor, xxi.
366; V. 777.
Scandinavia, xxl 366; union under
one crown (1397), xxil. 746; anti-
quities of, II. 341; ancient armour, II.
555; mythology, I. 209; xvil. 155.
Scandinavian Alphabetic Char-
acters, 1. 612.
Scandinavian Languages, xxi. 366;
dictionaries of, vii. 186.
Scandium, Spectrum of, xxil. 377.
Scaphopoda, class of MoUusca, xvi.
663.-
Scapolite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Scapula, Anatomy of the, I. 826.
Scapulimancv, method of divination,
vn. 293; XV. 206.
Scarab, gem, x. 136; Etruscan, vill.
640.
Sc.arab^ida, group of insects, xxiv.
238.
Scarborough, town, England, xxi.
374-
, town, Tobago, West Indies, xxill.
427.
Scarbroite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Scarcies, rivers, Sierra Looue, xxil. 45.
Scardus, Mount, Thrace, in. 282; xv.
136.
SCARICHTHYS, genus of fishes, xvill.
324-
Scarifier, agricultural implement, I.
312.
Scarlatina, disease, xxi. 376; xviii.
404.
Scarlatti, Alessandro, Italian mxisical
composer, XXL 375; xviL 87.
, Domenico, Italian musical com-
poser, XXL 376; xvn. 95.
Scarlet, Pigments of, xix. 87; dyes,
vn. 574.
Fever, disease, xxi. 376; Xviil
404.
Runner, bean, xii. 283.
Scarp, in fortification, IX. 422.
Scarpa, Antonio, anatomist, I. 816.
SCARPANTO (Carpathus), island, Medi-
terranean Sea, V. 127.
Scarpellino, workman for sculptor,
xxi. 571.
SCARRON, Madame (Madame de Main-
tenon, q.v.), XV. 304; IX. 578; XXI. 378.
, Paul, French dramatist, xxi. 378.
SCAR-'I'ISSUE, XVIII. 366.
ScARUFFL Count Gasparo, Italian eco-
flomist, XIX. 3ix
SCARUS, genus of fishes, XVIII. 324.
Scat, udai tribute, xxiii. 716.
SCATARI, island, Nova Scotia, xvn.
601.
Scaup, or Scaup-Duck, bird; xxi. 378;
xjx. 252.
Scavenger's Daughter, instrument
of torture, XXIII. 465.
SCAW, cape, Denmark, vn. 80.
SCAWFELL, mountain, England, vi. 697.
ScEAUX, Court of, Madame Delaunay's
account of, xxil. 439.
SCENTS, or Perfumes, xviil. 525.
Scepticism, in philosophy, xxi. 378.
SCEPTRE, symbol of authority, xxi.
384-
SCHACH Dagh, mountain, Caucasus, v.
254.
Schack-Staffeldt, Adolph, Danish
writer, VII. 92.
Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm, German
painter, xxi. 385.
, Johann Gottfried, German sculp-
tor, XXI. 385.
, Rudolph, German sculptor, xxi.
385-
Schafarik, Paul Joseph, Hungaiian
writer, XXI. 386, lo8; on the Slavs,
XXII. 145.
Schafberg, mountain, Austiia, XXI.
241,
Schaffhausen, canton, Switzerland,
XXI. 386.
, to^vn, XXI. 387; XXII. 789; falls
of the Rhine near, XX. 519; XXli.
777-
Schaffle, Albert, German economist,
XIX. 393.
Schafflertanz, popular festival at
Munich, Bavaria, xvn. 26.
SCHALCKEN, Godfried, Dutch painter,
XXI. 387.
SCHALMEV, musical instrument, xvn.
706.
SCHAMVL, Peter, Caucasian hero, xxi.
387, 102 ; his resistance to the Russians,
V. 258.
SchandaU, town, Saxony, x.xi. 387.
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David
von, Prussian general, XXI. 387.
SCHARNITZ, Tyrol, stormed by Ney
(1805), in. 132.
Schassburg, town, Transylvania, Hun-
gary, XXI. 387.
Schattenburg (Feldkirch), town,
Austria, IX. 65.
Schaumburg-Lippe, state, Germany,
XIV. 683.
SCHEELE, Karl Wilhelm, Swedish
chemist, XXI. 387; V. 462; XXIL 755;
on photography, XVIII. 821.
SCHEELE's Green, pigment, xix. 88.
SCHEELITE, mineral, xvi. 403; xxin.
607.
Scheemakers, Pieter, sculptor, XXI.
560.
ScheeRERITE, uuneral, XVI. 429.
Schefer, Leopold, German poet, X.
546.
Scheffer, Ary, Dutch painter, XXL
388.
Scheffler, Johann (Angelus), German
poet and hymn- writer, n. 28; xn. 587;
XVII. 135.
Scheibler, Johann Heinrich, on acous-
tics, XXIII. 619.
Scheiner, Christoph, on sun-spots. If.
785.
Scheldt, or Schelde, river, France,
Belgiim< and Holland, xxi. 389; in.
515-
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
von, German philosopher, XXI. 389;
on the beautiful, I. 217; on evolution,
vin. 762; his influence on German
rationalism, XX. 290; influence of hia
philosophy on Hegel, XL 614; his
metaphysics, XVI. 87; on theosophic
speculation, xxiii. 279.
Schelly, fish, xix. 650; xxl 223.
SCHEMNITZ, to^\-n, Hungary, xxi. 393.
Schenectady, town. New York, U.S.A.,
XXI. 393.
Schenkel, Lambert, on annemonica^
XVI. 532.
Schetky, John Alexander, Scottish
painter, XXI. 393.
, John Christian, Scottish painter^
&c., XXI. 393.
Scheutz, George and Edwgird, their
calculating machine, IV. 655.
Scheveningen, town, Holland, xxi.
394-
Schiavone, Andrea, Italian painter,
XX. 609.
SCHiAVONETTl, Luigi, Italian engraver,
XXI. 394.
Schiedam, town, Holland, xxi. 394.
, variety of gin, X. 602.
Schieffner, Franz Anton, Russian
philologist, XXI. 394.
Schiehallion, mountain, Scotland,
XVIII. 666.
SCHIEL, fish, XIX. 89.
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich,
German dramatist and poet, XXI. 395;
on the philosophy of art, I. 220; his
Spieltrieb theory, IX. 199; his influ-
ence on German drama, vn. 442; 011
German literature, X. 538; his rela-
tions with Goethe, X. 731.
Schiller-Spar, mineral, XVI. 415.
Schinkel, Karl Friedrich, German
architect and painter, XXI. 398.
SCHINUS, genus of trees, XVIII. 519.
SCHINZNACH, spa, Switzerland, XVI.
435-
SCHIRMER, Friedrich Wilhelm, Qermaji
painter, XXI. 398.
, Johann Wilhelm, German painteTi
XXL 398.
SCHIRMERITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
Schism, The Great Papal, xix. 502.
SCHISTOS, variety of alum, I. 644.
S C H— S C H
393
Schistose Rocks, in gcolofty, x. 235.
SCHIZOMYCETES, group of minute orguu-
isnis, XXI. 39S; IX. 836; their rela-
tions to Fungi, XXIV. 128.
SCHIZONEMERTEA, suborder of nemer-
tine worms, xvii. 326, 330.
SCHIZORRHIS, genus of birds, XXIII.
487.
SCHLAGER, German sword, XXII. S03.
-Schlagintweit-Sakunlunski, Her-
mann von, German explorer, XXI. 408.
SCHL.\NGENBAD, spa, Germany, xxi.
460; XVI. 433.
ScHLAWA See, lake, Prussian Silesia,
XXII. 52.
SCHLECEL, August Willielm von, Ger-
man poet, XXI. 408, 409; X. 542; his
lelations with Schelling, XXI. 390.
, Hermann, on birds, XVIII. 14, 17;
on leptiles, xx. 440.
, Johann Adolph, German preacher,
XXI. 408.
, Johann Elias, German dramatist,
XXI. 408.
, Johann Heinrich, German writer
on Danish history, XXI. 408.
, Karl Willielm Friedrich von, Ger-
man historian of literaturi-, XXI. 408;
X. 542.
SCHLEGLERKRIEG, contest in Wiirtem-
berg (1367), XXII. 729.
SCHLEI, inlet, Prus.>!ia, XXI. 413.
Schleicher, August, German philolo-
gist, XXI. 409; xviii. 783.
SCHLEIDEN, JIatthias, German botanist,
XXI. 409; on protopla.sm, XIX. 828.
5CHLEIERMACHER, Friedrich Daniel
Ernst, German theologian, XXI. 409;
X. 543; his influence on Baur, III. 448;
influence on Neander, xvii. 304; on
German rationalism, XX. 290; his
lectures on the life of Jesus, XIII. 672.
SCHLEMIHL, Peter, by Chamisso, V. 384.
SCHLESIEN (Silesia, q.v.), district, Ger-
many, XXII. 51.
ScHLESWic, Invasion of, by Austria
(1864), III. 139; relations with Den-
mark, VII. 88.
, to%vn, Prussia, XXI. 413.
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, province, Prus-
sia, X.XI. 414; XX. 14, 16; the Schles-
wig-Holstein question, X. 507, 509,
510.
SCHLETTSTADT, town, German Alsace,
XXI. 416.
SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich, his explorations
at Mycenoe, xvii. 115; at Tiiyna,
XXIII. 408; in the Troad, II. 341;
XXIII. 581.
SCHLOSSER, Johann Georg, friend of
Goethe, X. 722.
SCHLOZER, August Ludwig von, German
historian, XXI. 416.
, Christian von, German economist,
XIX. 388.
ScHLussELBURG,town,Eussia,XIv. 199;
XXI. 19c
ScHLUTER, Andreas, German sculntor,
XXI. 566.
SCHLVTER, Karl Johan, on the Wisoy
sea laws, XXI. 585.
SCHMALKALD, League of (1531), v. 415;
X. 498; XV. 83; XX. 333.
SCHilALKALDEN, or Schnialkald, town,
Prussia, XXI. 416.
SCHMALZ, Theodor, German economist,
XIX. 363.
SCHMALZOL, rape oil, XX. 274.
Schmeisser's Formulae, in spherical
trigonometry, XXIII. 567.
Schmidt, Franz Max, on Friar
William's travels, XXI. 47.
. Friedrich, German architect, XXIV.
221.
SCHMITT, Polish historian, XIX. 305.__
ScHMOLKE, Benjamin, German hymn-
writer, XII. 587.
SCHMOLLN, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
Schnebelhorn, mountain, Zurich,
Switzerland, xxiv. 830.
SCHNEEBERG, mountain, Moravia, xvi.
810.
, town. Saxony, XXI. 357; bismuth
smelting at, III. 791.
SCHNEEBERGITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
ScHNEEKOPF, mountain. Germany, xxi.
347; XXIII. 332.
SCHNEEKOPPE, or Riesenkoppe, moun-
tain, Germany, X. 449; XX. 552.
SCHNEIDEMUHL, town, Prussiji, XXI.
416.
Schneider, Johannes (Agricola), Gerr
man Reformer, I. 290; II. 129.
Schneiderite, mineral, xvi. 382.
SCHNITTER, Johannes (Agricola), Ger-
man Reformer, I. 290; II. 129.
SCHNORR von KAROLS^'ELD, Juliu."",
German painter, XXI. 416.
SCHOEFFER, Johan, early German
printer, XXIII. 688.
, Peter,- early German printer,
XXIII. 687; on early printing, XXIII.
681, 684, 687.
ScHOL-« MILITUM, Roman, XX. 784.
SCHOLARIUS, Georgius (Gennadius),
learned Byzantine, X. 153.
SCHOLASTICIS.M, in philosophy, XXI.
ti7; S. 35; dogmatic, vii. 340; logic of,
XIV. 791; theology of, XXIII. 241; of
Aquina-s II. 231; of Duns Scotus, vil.
545; Ramus's opposition to, XX. 268;
Suarez's teaching, XXII. 615.
SCHOLEMASTER, The; Ascham's work,
II. 678.
SCHOLIUM, Ne^rton's, a fourth law of
motion, xv. 715.
SCHOMBERG, Frederick Armand, duke
of, English general, XXI. 431.
SCHONBEIN, Christian Friedrich, S>viss
chemist, XXI. 432.
SCHONBRUNN, Austria, Treaty of (1809),
xvn. 215.
SCHONEBECK, town, Prussia, XXI.
432.
SCHONEBERG, suburb of Benin, Prussia,
XXI. 432
ScHONEMANN, Lili, friend of Goethe,
X. 727.
ScHONER, Johann, his globe, X. 681.
SCHONGAUER, Martin, Geiiuan painter
and engraver, XXI. 432; viii. 441.
SCHONING, Gerhard, Norse historian,
xvn. 590.
SCHONKOPF, Kitchen, friend of Goethe,
X. 723-
SCHONLEIN, Johann Lucas, German
physician, XV. 817.
SCHOOL Boards, English and Scottish,
VII. 680.
Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, American
ethnologist, XXI. 432.
School for Scandal, Sheridan's play,
XXI. 798.
Schoolmen, Mediseval, xxi. 417. See
Scholasticism.
Schools, vii. 670; endowed, xxi. 432;
for the blind, III. 816,826; for the deaf
and dumb, II. 722; vii. 5; Acts relating
to, VIII. 205; kindergarten, Xiv. 79;
musical conservatories, vi. 291; xvii.
83; public, law relating to, vii. 679;
reformatory and industrial, XX. 338;
technical, XXIII.- 105; in the Middle
Ages, XXIII. 831; in France, IX. 513;
in Germany, X. 470; in London, XIV.
834; in Prussia, -XX.^ 17; in. Russia,
XXL 71; in United States, x.\lll. 828.
School Society, British and Foreign,
its origiu,-'xiv.'258.
Schools of Painting, xxi. 433 (with
list of painters, 442).
Schopenhauer, Adele, German
.authoress, XXI. 453.
, Arthur, German philosopher, XXI.
448; X. 544; his ethics and pessi-
mism, XVIII. 688 ; on evolution, VIII.
763.
, Johanna, German authoress, XXI,
453-
Schorham's Psaltp;r, vin. 383.
Schoritz, town, Riigen, Prussia, XXI.
57-
SchorlomIte, mineral, XVI. 426.
Schott, Caspar, his aeronautic theory,
I. 186.
ScHOUW, Joachim Frederik, Danish
botanist, VII. 93.
SCHROCKH, Johann Matthias, on church-
history, v. 765.
Schroder, Hugo, his telescopic glasses,
XXIII. 141, 144.
Schroeter, Christoph Gottlieb, his
pianoforte improvements, XIX. 71.
SCHROTER, Johann Hieronymus, Ger-
man astronomer, XXI. 458; on the
planet Venus, IL 791; his observatory,
Lilienthal, Bremen, xvil. 713.
SCHUBART, Daniel, German wTiter, X.
540.
Schubert, Franz Peter, musical com-
poser, XXI. 458.
XXV. — so
3J)4
SCHUDY, or Tecluidi, Swiss faniil)-,
XXIII. 600.
, Giles, Swiss historian, xxiil. 6o<5.
SCHUHMEISTER, J., liis experiments in
magnetism, XV. 267, 268.
SCHULPFORTA, school, Nanmburg,
Germany, xvil. 249.
SCHULTE, Joliaim FrieJrich, Old Catholic
leader, XVII. 755.
SCHULTENS, Albert, Dutch Orientalist,
XXI. 45S; XI. 6or.
, Henry Albeit, Dutch Orientalist,
XXI. 459.
, John James, Dutch Orientalist,
XXI. 459.
SCHULTZ, Michael, German musician,
XIX. 656.
SCHULTZE, Max Johanu Siegmund,
German anatomist, XXI. 459; on pro-
toplasm, XIX. S29.
Schulze-DelitzscH, Hermann, his
credit banks, VI. 214, 339.
Schumacher, Heiurich Christian.
German astronomer, XXI. 459.
Schumann, Robert, German musical
composer, XXI. 459; as symphonist,
XVII. 97.
SCHUPP, Balthasar, German \\Titer, X.
531-
SCHURJIAN, Anna Maria von. Labadist,
XIV. 163.
SCHUTZ, Helnrich, Geriuau musician,
XVII. 87.
Schuyler, PhUip, American revolu-
tionary general, xxiii. 790.
Schuylkill, river, Pennsylvania,
V.a.A., xviii. 500, 736.
Schwabe, Samuel Heinrich, German
astronomer, xxi. 460.
Schwabenspiegel, German law coac,
X. 525.
Schwabischer Stadtebund (137b),
xxii. 729.
Schwach, Conrad Nicolai, Norwegian
poet, XVII. 590
Schwalbach, spa, Germany, XXI. 460;
XVI. 434.
Schwalenberg, Coimts of, German
family, XXIV. 322.
Schwann, Theodor, German physio-
logist, XXI. 460; his cell tlieoiy, XXIV.
816; on embryology, VIII. 166; on
fermentation, IX. 95 ; on minute
organisur*, XXI. 400.
Schwanthaler, Ludwig Michael,
Gerni.in sculptor, XXI. 460, 566.
Schwartz, Christian Kru.-*.!! ich, German
missionary, XXI. 461.
SCHWARTZEMBERGlTE, mineral, XVI.
3S5.
SCHWARTZERD, Philip (Melanchtlion,
q.v.y, German Reformer, XV. S33.
Schwarz, or Schwartz, Christian
Fiiediich, Germnn missionary, XXI.
461
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, princi-
jjttlity, Germany, XXI. 461.
S C H — S C O
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, prin-
cipality, Geriuauy, XXI. 461.
Schwarzenberg, Prince of, Austrian
field - marshal. XXI. 462 ; xvii.
220.
Schwarzwald, or Black Forest,
Germany, in. 795; xxiv. 699.
SCHWATKA, Lieutenant, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 325.
Schwegler, Albert, German philoso-
phical WTiter, XXI. 462.
SCHWEIDNITZ, town, Prussia, xxi.
462
Schweigaard, Antou Martin, Norwe-
gian jurist, XVII. 592.
Schweinfurt, to\vn, Bavaria, xxi.
462.
Green, pigment, xix. aS.
Schweinfurth, Georg, on the Negi-o
race, xvu. 318; his researches in
Africa, l. 248.
Schweitzer (Helvetius), family of
Dutch physicians, XI. 642.
SCHWELM, towii, Prussia, XXL 463.
Schwenckfeld, Caspar, on birds, XVIII.
4-
Schwendener, Simon, onlichems, xiv.
556.
Schwenkfeld, Caspar-, German mystic,
XXL 463; XVII. 134.
Schwerin, town, Mecklenburg, Ger-
many, XXI. 464.
Schwind, Moritz von, German painter,
XXI. 464.
Schwyz, canton, Switzerland, XXI. 464;
XXII. 78 1 ; town, XXI. 465.
SciACCA, town, Sicily, XXI. 465.
Sci-tNiD/E, family of fishes, XXIV.
73S.
SciALOJA, Antonio, Italian economist,
XIX. 3S7.
Sciatica, disease, xvii. 364.
Science, Sciences, xxiv. 799; biolo-
gical, III. 679; mathematical, XV. 629;
physical, XIX. i; relations of, to art,
II. 637; to logic, XIV. 781; to meta-
physics, XVI. 80; to philosophy, XVIII.
792; to theism, XXIIL 249; influence
of Christianity on, v. 698; delusions
of, in early times, I. 462; in relation
to the Renaissance, XX. 383, 386;
Bacon's views of, in. 214; academies
of, I. 70; scientific societies, xxii. 221,
222; XIV. 835.
OF Legisl.\TION, Filangieri'a, IX.
159.
Sciences, Whewell'a Philosophy of the,
XXIV. 539.
SciENZA Nuova, Vico'a work, xxiv.
212.
Scilla, genus of plants, xxil. 437.
SCILLIN, SCILLIPRIN, SCILLITOXIN,
principles in squill, XXII. 437.
SciLLY Isles, England, xxi. 465.
Scimitar, weapon, xxii. 801.
SciNDE, or Sind (j.r.), province, India,
XXII. 90.
SCINDHIA (Sindhia), native prince, Indhc.
XII. 804; XXIV. 494.
SciO, island, Asia Minor, XXI. 465.
SCIOPPIUS, Caspar, critic, XXI. 364.
ScioPTicoN Lantern, xv. 21X
Scioto, river, Ohio, U.S.A., xvii. 734.
SciPio, Lucius, Roman consul, xxi. 467.
, Publius ComeUus, Roman geueralf
XXI. 466.
, Quintus CsecUius Metellus Piue^
Roman general, XVI. 106.
, Shield of, Roman plate of 4t}k
century, XIX. 181.
AfriCanus, the Elder, Roman
general, XXI. 467; "XX. 750; hia re-
lations with Poly bins, XIX. 412.
— AFRICANUS, the Younger, xxi.
468; XIII. 766; in Spain, xxiL 306.
Nasica, Roman pontifex, xxi.
468.
Scipios, Inscriptions on monuments of
the, XIV. 329.
Scire Facias, in English law, xxit'
468.
SciRON, of Greek legend, xix. 559-,.
XXIII. 294.
Scirtopoda, order of Rotifera, XXL 8.
SCISSORBILL, bird, XXII. 120.
SciURlD/E, family of rodent mammak,
XV. 418; XXII. 437.
SciUROPTERUS, genus of rodent mam-
mals, XXII. 438.
SciURUS, genus of rodent mammals
XXII. 437; XV. 418.
SCLATER, Philip Lutley, on birds,.
XVIII. 12, 27, 41.
SCLERENCHYMA, hardened plant celk,
XII. 15.
SCLEROBLASTS, of sponges, XXII. 420.
ScLEROTLi, tuberous bodies in Fungi,
IX. 828.
Sclerotic Acid, in ergot, viii. 521.
Sclerotic Coat, of the eyeball, i.
886.
Sclerotitis, eye disease, xvii. 782.
ScoDRA (Scutari), town, Albania, XXK
573-
Scoglio Olivi, island, Austria, Xix.
284.
ScoLARl, Paulino (Pope Clement 111),
V. 821.
SCOLASTICA, St, sister of St Benedict,
in. 558.
Scolecite, mineral, xvi. 423.
SCOLOPAX, genus of binls, XX. 31?;
XXII. 200; xxiv. 650.
SCOLOPENDRA, geuus of MyriapodB,
XVII. 119.
ScoLOPENDRELLA, genus of Myriapoda,.
XVII. 120.
SCOLOTI (Scythians), ancient people,
XXI. 575.
Scomber, genus of fishes, xv. 159.
ScONE, ancient town, Scotland, XVIK,
667; XXI. 477, 480.
Scooper, bird, xxii. 552.
ScoPAS, Greek sculptor, II. 36a
S C O — S C Y
3f).>
SCOPASIS, Scythian sovereign, xxi. 576.
ScoPlA, town, Macedonia, XV. 137.
SCOPOLI, Giovanni Antonio, on birds,
XVIII. 7.
Scops, gcmis of biids, xviii. gi.
Scopus, genus of birds, xxii. 577.
Scorbutus, or Scurvy {n-v.), disease,
XXI. 572.
ScoRESDY, 'William, English Arctic
explorer and physicist, xxi. 468; xi.\.
318.
SCORODITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
SCORONCONCOLO, Italian desperado, x\.
789.
Scorpion, arachnid, 11. 283.
Scorpion-Fly, insect, xiii. 151.
Scorpion-Grass, plant, ix. 414.
SCORPIONIDEA, order of Arachnida, II.
281.
SCORZONERA, vegetable, XII. 287.
Scot, Michael, Scottish philosopher and
astrologer, XXI. 469, 427; translator
of Arabic works, II. 270; on physio-
gnomy, XIX. 4.
, Reginahl, English wmer on
witchcraft, XXI. 470.
Scotch Pebble, 1. 277.
Scoter, bird, xxi. 470.
Scotia, or Scotland {q.v.), XXL 477.
. in architecture, II. 472.
SCOTICHRONICON, Fordun and Bowei''?,
IX. 397; XXI. 540.
Sec riSJ!,scholastic philoiopnical system,
XXI. 429; VII. 545.
SCOTLAND, XXI. 471 (index, 536):
invasion of, by AVilliam I. of Eng-
land, XXIV. 576; by William II.,
XXIV. 577; Norman settlement in,
XVII. 550; rebellion of 1745, v. 426;
Reformation in, XX. 337 ; Stuart
family, XXII. 610; union of crown
with the crown of England (1603),
XXI. 509; parliamentary union with
England (1707), viii. 353; xviii. 30S;
XXL 518; in time of Cromwell, VI.
601; under Edwaid I. of England,
VII. 683; in time of Robert the Bruce,
XX. 592; AVallace'a exploits in, XXIV.
326; agriculture during i6th and
17th centuries, I. 298; banking in,
III. 332; birds of, XVIII. 18; Church
of, XXI. 536 ; Episcopal Church in,
VIH. 489; XIV. 711; XXI. 779; Free
Church of, IX. 742; United Presby-
terian Church, XXIII. 727; coalfields,
VI. 52 ; coins, xvii. 656 ; cotton
manufacture, vi. 501 ; fisheries, IX.
257; forests, IX. 399; Gaelic litera-
ture, V. 313 ; Gaelic topography,
X. 10; Gothic architecture, II. 42S;
law of landlord and tenant, xiv. 276;
land tenure, XI v. 264; statute law,
XXII. 470; libraries, XIV. 522, 542;
mines, XVI. 467; newspapers, XVI I.
422; observatories, XVII. 710; pe«rage,
XVIII. 466; police system, XIX. 3+1;
Presbvterianism in. Xix. 679: school
o_,stem, VII. 6S0; miiveisitics, xxill.
854.
Scotland, Church of, xxL 536; xxiii.
727; Moderatism in, XX. 599; Chal-
mers's relations to, v. 376.
, Literature of, xxi. 540.
Yard, police headquarters, London,
XIX. 338.
ScoTOPHiLUS, genus of bats, xv. 411.
Scots, their origin, XXI. 473; XIII. 244;
in\asicn of Roman province of Britain
h; IV- 353; VIII. 265.
Scotsman, Ediulmrgh newspaper, xvii.
423-
Scott, Alexander, eaily Scottish poet,
XXI. 542.
, David, Scottish painter, XXI. 543.
, Sir George Gill^ert, English archi-
tect, XXI. 543.
, John (Lord Eldon), lord chancelloi
of England, VII. 828.
, or Scot, Michael, mediaeval philo-
sopher, XXI. 469, 427; 11.270; XIX. 4.
, Sir Walter, Scottish poet and
novelist, xxi. 544; his place in Eng-
lish literature, VIII. 433, 434; his
home at Abl'otsford, I. 26; Lockhart's
Life of, XIV. 763.
, William (Lord StoweU), English
judge, XXII. 580.
, Winfield, Ameiican general, XXI.
551; XXIII. 767,770-
, Mount, Oregon, U.S.A., xvii. 822.
Scottish Chiefs, Mis.- Porter's work,
XIX. 527.
Scottish Episcopal Chuch, its lit-
urgy, XIV. 711.
Scottish Guard, in France, under
Charles VII., IX. 551.
ocottish Literature, xxi. 540.
SCOTUS, Johannes (Erigena), media;val
philosopher, vill. 371, 522.
, John Duns, scholastic philosopher,
VII. 545; XXI. 429; on evolution, VIII.
758.
Scourging, as a religious discipline, ix.
280.
Scout, biid, xi. 262; xx. 302.
Scouti-Allen, bird, XXII. 125.
Scraber, Scraib, bhd, ^xi. 78 1.
Scranton, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XXL 551.
Screamer, bird, xxl 552.
SCREECH-OWL, bird, XVIIL 89.
Screen, in architecture, u. 472.
Screw, xxi. 552; xv. 754, 759; ma-
chines for manufactme of, XV.
155; of Archimedes, II. 381.
ScRew-Propeller, of a ship,
823.
Screw Tools, xl 438.
Scribe, Augustin Eugene, French
dramatist, xxi. 553.
Scribes, Jewsh, iii. 641; viii. 831: xiil.
419.
Scriblerus Clup., English litu-ojy
societv II 325
153.
XXI.
Scribonius Curio, constiuctor of fii.H
amphitheatre, I. 774.
SCRIPTORIS, Paulus, tutoi of Conrad
Pcllicanus, xviu. 477.
Scripture, see Bi))le ; inspiration of,
XIIL 154
Scrivener. Freaeiick Henry, on Co<lex
Bezie, I. 123.
Scrivener's Palsy, disease, vi. 543.
Scrofula, disease, xxi. 554; xviii.405.
SCROCCS, John, Arctic e.xpljrer, xix.
318.
ScrophulariacE/E, group, 0' pniasitit
plants, XVIII. 265.
Scrub-Bird, xxi. 554.
ScuD^RY, Georges de, French writer,
XXL 555.
, Madeleine de, French noveliBt,
XXI. 555; IX. 659; XX. 659.
Scuir-na-Gillean, mountaii. Sky'i
Scotland, xxii. 127.
Sculls, oars, xxi. 30.
Sculpture, xxi. 556; as a fine art, ix.
204; as illustrated on coins, xviL
629, 633; in relation topoe.ry,' XIX.
26i; Pindar's recognition of, XIX.
loi; in terra-cotta, XXIII. 193, 194;
in waU decoration, xvil. 34; in wood,
XJrtv. 645; Assyrian, III. 190; Greek,
II. 347; examples by Lysippus, xv.
120; Michelangelo's, xvi. 230:
Raphael's, XX. 281 ; on locks, in
Phrygia, XVIII. 850; at Selinus,
Sicily, XXI. 633; Venetian, xxiv.
156; Veronese, XXIV. 172; academies
of, I. 78; Watt's inventions I'or copy-
ing, XXIV. 414.
Scumbling, in painting, xviii. 138.
SCUPI, town, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Scurvy, disease, xxi. 572; xviii. 377;
diet for, VII. 207.
SCUTAGE, knight seivice, in law, XXI
572; as military tax, I. 32.
Scutari, town. Albania, xxi. 573; i
448.
, proWnce, Turkey m Euiope,
XXIII. 653.
, tovm, Tuikey in Asia, >.XL 573.
, Lake, Albania, xvi. 7SC.
Scutcher, cotton machine, \ i. 491, 493.
Scutes, of animals, xxii. 107, loS.
Scutigera, genus of Myiiaiioda, xvil
119.
ScuTTOCK, bird, XL 262.
SCVLAX of Caryanda, Greek explorer.
XXL 573
SCYLES, Srytnian king, XXI. 578
ScvLLA AND Charybdis. Legend of,
XXI. 574.
SCVLLIU.M, genus of sharks, XXI. 774.
SCYMNUS of Chios, Greek geogi-aphei,
XXI. 574.
ScYPH0MEDUSi€, subclass of Hydrozoa,
XII. 555.
Scyros, island, .^gean Sea, XXI. 574.
Scyrri, Teutonic tribe.«. xvil. 726.
Scytalip^, family of m.ikrs. xx. 193.
396
SCVTALOPUS, genus of birds., XXIII.
49-
Scythe, reaping implement, xxi- 574-
SCVTHIA, ancient region, Europe and
Asia, XXI. 575; expedition of Darius
I. against, XVIII. 570.
ScvTHiAN Language, xviii. 779.
Scythians, ancient people, Europe and
Asia, XXI. 575; in India, XII. 788; in-
vasion of Palestine by, XIII. 415; ^^'^^
inroads into Persian empire, XVIII.
563, 570, 594, 599. 603; in Russia,
XXI. 78.
Se.\, XXI. 578; X. 221, 283; colour of,
XIV. 600; depths of. III. 17; XII. 821;
XVIII. 121 ; distribution of animals
in, VII. 276; phosphorescence of,
XVllI. 814; appliances for sounding,
XXII. 280; temperature, VI. 4; XVI.
n6, 132; XVIII. 119; XXIII. 291;
tides, XXIII. 353; water, xxi. 611;
VII. 263; x. 221; waves, XXIV. 419.
See also Atlantic, Pacific, etc.
Sea-Anemones, group of ActLnozoa,
I. 129; VI. 369.
Sea-Bear, carnivorous mammal, XV.
443-
Se.\-Bream, fish, XII. 688.
Sea Bright, town. New Jersey, U.S-A..,
XVII. 397.
Sea-Cat, fish, xxi. 614.
Sea-Cow, cetacean mammal, XV. 390.
Sea-Cucumber, echinoderm, lii. 477;
VII. 639; XX. 411.
Sea-Devil, fish, vil. 138; ix. 269; xii.
686; XX. 300.
Seadvah, Jewish rabbi and scholar,
XXI. 120.
Sea-Eagle, bird, vii. 5S9.
Sea-Elephant, carnivorous mammal,
XV. 444.
Sea Fisheries, ix. 243.
Seaford, toAvn, Sussex, England, XXll.
724.
Sea-Hare, mollusc, xvi. 656.
Sea-Hedgehog, fish, x. 685 ; xii.
694.
Sea-Horse, fish, XXI. 579.
Sea-Islands, Georgia, U.S.A., x. 434.
Sea-Kale, vegetable, Xli. 287.
Seal, carnivorous mammal, XXI. 580;
XV. 443; oil, XVII. 744, 747; exter-
mination of seals, XIX. 126; consump-
tion of the flesh by Eskimos, VIII. 545;
fishery, XXI. 581 ; Ne^^'foundland
fishery, xvii. 384; skins of, IX. 839;
XIV. 388; XXI. 5S3.
. , Engi-aved, XXI. 586; gems, X. 136;
in heraldry, XI. 683, 707
SEA Laws, xxi. 583.
Sea-Leopard, carnivorous mammal,
XV. 443.
Sea-Letter, passport, XVIII. 344.
Sea-Level, xxii. 708.
Sealing Wax, xxi. 5S6; xxiv. 459.
Sea-Lion, caruivorous mammal, xv!
•J43-
S C Y — S E D
Sealkote (Sialkot), town. India, xxi.
850.
Seals, Engraved, xxi. 586; gems, X.
136; in heraldry, XI. 683, 707.
Seal-Skins, ix. 839; xiv. 388; xxi.
Seamanship, xxi. 589; xvii. 246;
signals in, XXII. 49.
Seaman's Practices, byHichard Nor-
wood, XVII. 256.
Seaman's Secrets, by John Da\'is,
XVII. 254.
Seamen, Laws relating to, XXI. 605.
Seamen's Terms, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
Sean, or Seine, fishing net, IX. 253.
Seance, Spiritualistic, xxii. 405.
Seang-Tang, tovnx, China, v. 637.
Sea-Otter, carnivorous mammal,
XVIII. 69.
Sea-Parrot, bird, xx. loi.
Sea-Pens, group of ActinozAa, 1. 129;
phosphorescence of, XVIII. 814.
Se.vPie, bird, XVIII. III.
Seaports, Law of, xl 471.
Search, Right of. Maritime, xxi. 608.
Warrant, xxiv. 371.
Sears, Edmund H., American liymn-
ivriter, xil. 596.
Sea Salt, xxi. 228.
Seasalter, town, England, XXIV. 555.
Sea-Serpent, xxi. 608.
Sea-Sickness, xxi. 610.
Seaside and the Fireside, The,
poems by Longfellow, XIV. 861.
Se.\-Slater, crustacean, VI. 65S.
Sea-Slugs, group of Echinodermata,
'VII. 639.
Sea-Snakes, xxn. 197.
Seasons, of the year, 11. 773.
, The, Haydn's oratorio, XI. 539.
, The, Thomson's poem, XXIII. 31.1.
Sea-Swallow, bird, xxiii. 1S9.
Sea Terms, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
Seathwaite Fells, mountain, Eng-
land, XIV. 252.
Sea-Trout, fish, xxi. 222.
Seats, furnitiue, ix. 848.
Seattle, town, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXI. 610.
Sea-Unicorn, cetacean mammal, xv.
398; XVII. 235.
Se.vUrchins, group of Echinodermata,
VII. 629; XX. 411.
Sea-Water, XXI. 611; x. 221; distilla-
tion of, vn. 263; highest temperature
of, XVIII. 119.
Sea-Weed, as manure, I. 350; drying
of, I. 50S.
Sea-Wolf, fish, xxi. 614.
See, Eg)-ptian diWnity, vil. 716.
Sebald, St, Shrine of, at Nuremberg,
Bavaria, XVli. 663.
Sebasteia, or Sebaste (Sivas), ancient
town, Asia Minor, xxil. 103.
Sebastian, St, Roman martyr, xxi.
614.
, Dom, king of Portugal, xix. 546.
Sebastian© del Piombo, Venetian
painter, XXI. 615.
Sebastiya (Samaria), village, Palestine
XXI. 243.
Sebastopol, town, Crimea, Russia, XXI.
616; VI. 586; siege of (1854-55), VIIL
366; IX. 457; XXI. 102; XXIII. 431
Sebastos (George Palsologus), Byzan-
tine noble, XVIII. 165.
Sebek, Eg)-ptian divinity, VII. 718.
Sebenico, to«-n, Dalmatia, Austria,
XXI. 616.
Sebezh, tovm, Russia, XXIV. 262.
Sebkha, lake, Algeria, I. 563.
Tighri, lake, Morocco, XVI. 832.
Sebokht, Severus, Syiiao ^vriter, xxiL
839-
SeboRRHCEA, skin disease, XXII. ISO,
Sebu, river, Morocco, XVI. 832.
SecalE, genus of plants, XXI. 117.
Secant, in trigonometry, XXIII. 563.
Secchi, Angelo, Italian astronomer,
XXI. 616.
Secentismo, Secentisti, The, iu
Italian literature, XIII. 511.
Secession, in United States (i860),
XXIII. 772.
Church, Scotland, viii. 528; xv.
132; XIX. 6S5; XXIII. 727.
Seckendorf, German noble family,
XXI. 616.
, Veit Ludwig von, German jurist,
XXL 616.
Second, unit of time, xv. 668.
Adventists, American religious
sect, XVI. 320.
Secondary Rocks, in geology, x. 352,
Second-Sight, ii. 204.
, conjuring trick, xv. 208.
Secretaries of State, British, xvi.
473; viii. 638; of United States, XXIII.
750.
Secretarius, genus of birds, xxi. 617.
Secretary-Bird, xxi. 617; I. 259.
Secretions, Alimentary, xvii. 671.
, Diseases of the, XVIII. 377.
Secretiveness, in phrenology, xvill.
845
Secret Marruge, opera by Cimaiwa,
V. 779.
Secular Games, Roman, xxi. 618.
Secunderabad. Indian cantonment.
XXL 618
Secundus, Valentinian theologian,
XXIV. 38.
, Johannes, Dutcli poet, XXI. 618.
Sedaine, Michel Jean, French drama-
tist, XXI. 618.
Sedalia, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxi.
619.
Sedan, town, France, xxi. 619; battle
of (1870), IX. 627; X. 513; xvii.
229.
Sedarim, di\'isions of the Mishnah,
XVL 505.
Seddon, Thomas, English painter, xxl
619.
S E D — S E L
397
Sedentaria, sutorilcr of Protozoa,
XIX. 863.
Seder Olam, Midrashim, xvi. 280.
Sedevr, province, Araliia, II. 239.
Sedge-Bird, xxiv. 366.
Sedoemoor, Somerset, England, XXIl.
-57- , .
Sedgwick, Adam, English geologist,
XXI. 619.
Sedilia, in architecture, II. 472.
Sedition, in law, xxi. 619; in United
States law, XXIII. 756.
Sedley, Sir Charles, English poet and
wit, XXI. 620; xviil. 347.
Se-Dom, river, Cambodia, Asia, XV.
832.
Sedomierz (Sandomii'), town, Eussian
Poland, XXI. 259.
Seduction, in law, xxi. 62a
Sedulius, Ccelius, early Christian poet,
XXI. 621; XII. 582; language and
style of, XIV. 339.
Sedum, genus of plants, XXI. 62 1.
See, Bishop's, in. 7S7.
Seebeck, Ludwig F. W. A., his eyrcn,
I. 109.
—, Thomas Johaim, on photography,
XVIII. 822.
Seebsaugor, town, India, XXII. 13.
Seed, Seeds, of plants, iv. 153; forma-
tion of, XX. 430; plants raised from,
U 86; transportation of, X. 266; agri-
cultural, I. 2^2; adidterations of, I.
175-
Corn, i. 354.
Seer, of Scripture, xix. 814.
Sef.roee (SLrohi), state and town,
^ india, XXII. 98.
Seeland, or Zealand, province, Hol-
land, XXIV. 771.
SiES, town, France, XXI. 621.
Seetzen, Uliich Jasper, German Orien-
tal traveller, XXI. 621.
Sefid Rud, river, Persia, XIII. 213.
Seftenberg, Baron von, his observa-
tory, Bohemia, xvii. 713.
Se-gan Fog, town, China, XXI. 621; v.
637-
iEGARELLi, Gerhard, of Parma, founder
of a sect of Apostolici, II. 19S.
Segesta, ancient town, Sicily, XXI.
622; I. 458.
Segesvar, to^vn, Transylvania, Hun-
gary, XXI. 3S7
SegjiEOT: Shell, Armstrong, ammuni-
tion, I. 744.
Segner, Johann Andreas yon, on sur-
face-tension of liquids, v. 56.
Segneri, Paolo, Jesuit, opponent of
Jlolinos, XVI. 631.
Sego, town, Central Africa, 1. 27 1 ; xxil.
279.
«>egodunum (Rodez), ancient to^vn,
Ilrance, XX. 617.
Segovia, province, Spain, xxi. 622.
, town, Spain, xxi. 623; aqueduct
at, <]. 22 1 ; church of St Milluii, 11. 432.
Segovia, river, Hondmas, xii. 13a
S^GUIN, Armaud, on mechauical ecjui-
valent of heat, VIII. 208.
Segur, pass, India, XVII. 509.
Segura, river, Sjiain, XVII. 52.
, Manuel, Peruvian poet, XVIIL 676.
Segusio, town, Italy, XXII. 722.
Seharunpoor (Saharanpur), district,
India, XXI. 151; town, xxi. 152.
Seiches, periodic changes in lake-levels,
XIV. 220.
Seidel, Philipp Ludwig, his work in
celestial photomeU'y, xviii. 841.
Seidlitz Powders, l 184; xxiii. 69.
Seifhennersdorf, town, Saxony, Xl.'
655.
Seigniorage, charge on coining, xvi.
725.
Seignorial Domains, 1. 414.
Seignorv, lordship of manor, XXI. 623.
Seilun (Shiloh), town, Palestine, XXI.
803.
Seine, department, France, XXi. 624.
, river, France, xxi. 623; ix. 506;
xviii. 275, 285; improvement works,
XX. 579.
, fishing net, IX. 253.
SEl'"E-ET-M.«.Rf:i:-, department, France,
XXI. 624.
Seine-et-Oise, department, France,
XXI. 625.
Seine lNF£RIEURE,department,France,
XXI. 625.
Seinv, town, fiussian Poland, XXll.
728.
Seir, of Scripture, vill. 533.
Seisin, in English law, xxi. 626.
Seismology, science of earthquakes, VIL
608.
Seismometer, Seismograph, for mea-
suring earth-movements. xxL 626;
vn. 611.
Seistan, or Sistan, district, Persia,
XVIIL 627, XXII 10a
Sejanus. minister of Tiberius, :jxiIL
337.
Se-Keang, river, China, v. 632.
Sekhet, Egyptian divinity, vii. 718.
Seklucyan, John, Polish ^VTiter, XIX.
301.
Sekwati, river, Korth Borneo, XXL 123.
Sela, of Scripture, xviii. 706.
Selache, genus of sharks, XXI. 60S,
777.
Selachoidei, group of fishes, XII. 685;
XXI. 774.
Selaginella, genus of club-mosses, ix.
107; XV. 94.
Selama, Abulkliair, Druse saint, viI.
484.
Selangor, district, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 322; XXII. 587.
, river, Malay Peninsula, XV. 321.
Selaru, island, Timor Laut group,
Indian Archipelago, XXIII, 398.
Selp.orne, Natural History of, \^niite's,
XXIV. 549.
Selby, town, England, XXl 63a
, Prideaux John, his illustrations oi
birds, XVIII. 13, 18.
Selden, John, English jurist. XXI. 630;
Table Talk of, i. 7S5.
Selection, Natural, xxiv. 77:
, Subjective, in psychology, xx. 73.
Selenga, plateau, Siberia, xxii. 2;.
river, XXII. 5; xxin. 510.
SelengHINSK, town, Siberia, xxni..
511.
Selenic Acid, v. 506.
SelenitE, mineral, XVI. 396, 401; it-
colours, XJUV. 450.
Selenium, chemical element, XXI. 631;
V. 498; XVL 380; alcohols and ether».
of, V. 553.
Selenodera, genus of birds, XXIIL.
477.
Selenodonta, di\Tsion of ungulate
Mammalia, XV. 430.
Selenognathus, genus of fishes, XXI.
580.
Selensulphur, mineral, XVl. 38a
Selenter See, lake, Schleswig-Hfu
Btein, Germany, xxi. 414.
Seleucia, to«Ti, Mesopotamia, XXL
632; XVL 51; xviii. 5S7, 601, 604.
, town, Cilicia, Asia Minor, XXJ.
632.
Seleucid^e, Era of the, v. 715.
Seleucid Dynasty, of Macedonian
empire, XVIIL 585; XIIL 420; coini
of, XVII. 649.
Seleucus I., Macedonian king of Persii
and Sj-ria, XV11.L 585; xv. 142.
II.-III.,o£ Persia and Syria, xviil
588.
IV., PMlopator, of Persia and
Syria, XVIIL 5S9; XiIl. 420.
SELF-CoMPLACENCYji'sychoIogical ana-
lysis of, XX. 70.
Self-Consciousness, in psychology,
XVL 92; XX. 39, 70, S3; Locke on,.
XIV. 758.
Self-Esteem, in phrenology, xviii.
845.
Seliger, Lake, Russia, XXIII. 672.
Selim I., Turkish siJtan, x.xin. 642,
656; his war with Persia, XVIII. 635.
II., Turkish sultan, xxiH. 644;.
conquest of Tunis by, xxill. 621.
III., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 648.
Chisti, Tomb of, India, IX. 51.
Selimnia, tovm, Tlirkey in Europe,
XXII. 160.
Selinus, Greek to\\-n, Sicily, xxi. 633;
XXII. 18; metopes of the acropolis of,
II. 349; tcrra-cotta remains at, xxill.
193.
Seljuks, Turkish dynasties of, xxi
634; XXIIL 656, 660; occupation of
Asia Minor by, II. 713; invasion of
the Greek empire by, XL 118; fall oi
the empire of, XXIII. 640.
Selkirk, couuty and town, Scotland^
XXL 638.
398
S E L — S E P
Selkirk, Earl of, Us colony in Canada,
XX. 315.
— — , Alexander, prototype of Eotinson
Crusoe, XXI. 639; xiii. 758,
Sellasia, Greece, Battle of (221), xvin.
790.
Seller, in law, xxL 205, 206.
Selung, William, early English scholar,
vin. 414.
Selma, town, Alabama, TJ.S.A, xxi.
639.
Selters, spa, Germany, XVI. 436.
Sem, river, Montenegro, XVI. 780.
Semang, race of people, Malacca, XV.
323-
SEMAPHORE, for signals, XXII. 49.
Sembera, Alois, Bohemian historical
writer, XXIL 153.
Semechonitis, or Merom, iake, Pales-
tine, xin. 746.
Semeiskiye, Nonconformists in Eastern
Siberia, xxin. 510.
Semender, ancient Khazar town,
Eussia, XIV. 59.
Semendria, town, Servia, XXI. 688.
Semigallia, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
Seminoles, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 831, 835; war against, in Florida,
IX. 341.
Semipalatinsk, province and town,
Russian Central Asia, XXI. 639.
Semipelagianism, theological doctrine.
xviii. 472.
Semiramide, Gluck's opera, x. 694.
Semiramis, Legend of, XXI. 639.
Semiryetchensk, province, Russian
Turkestan, XXI. 640.
Semites, ethnological group, 11. 697,
698; XXI. 641, 643.
Semitic Alphabets, i. 608.
Semitic Inscriptions, xiii. 116.
Semitic Languages, xxi. 641; xvin.
778; XXIV. 740; dictionaries of. Vll.
189.
Semitones, in music, JCVlL 78.
Semler, Johann Salomo, German
Biblical critic, xxi. 656; XX. 290; on
the canon, V. 15.
Semlin, town. Austria-Hungary, XXl.
657.
Semn^ or Furies, Altar of, at Athens,
HI. 2. See also IX. 840; vin. 524.
Semnopithecus, genus of apes, 11. 151.
Semolina, article of food, xv. 125.
Semonides (Simonides) of Amorgos,
Greek poet, XXII. 83; XXL 318.
Sempach, Switzerland, Battle of (1386),
XV. 40; XXII. 784.
, Lake, Switzerland, xxil. 777.
Semper, Gottfried, German architect,
XXI. 657.
Sempervivum, genus of piants, xii.
317
Semple, Robert, early Scottish poet,
XXI. 542.
Sempringham, St Gilbert of. English
monk, X. 593.
Se-MTTN, river, Cambodia, Asia, XV.
832.
Senaar, country. East Central Africa,
XXL 657.
S^nac, Jean Baptiste, French physician,
XV. 815.
Senaculum, meeting place, ancient
Rome, XX. 816.
Sena Gallica (Sinigaglia), ancient
town, Italy, XXII. 94.
SiNANCOUR, Etienne Pi vert de, French
man of letters, XXL 658.
Senarmontite, mineral, XVL 388.
Senate, Roman, XX. 733.738, 755.772.
784, 793, 795-
, of the United States, XXlll.
749-
SenchuS Mor, ancient Irish code, IV.
252.
Senebier, Jean, Swiss vegetable-physio-
logist, XXI. 658.
Seneca, Lake. New York, U.S.A., xviL
451.
, Lucius Annaeus, Roman rhetorician
and philosopher, XXI. 658; VII. 410;
XX. 725; XXIL 572; his economic
teaching, XIX. 350; his influence on
Nero, XVII. 348 ; bis death, XVII. 350;
language and style of, XIV. 337.
Falls, to^vn, New York, U.S.A,
XXI. 659.
Senecio, genus of plants, XL 221.
Senefelder, !Alois, discoverer of the
art of lithography, XIV. 697.
Senegal, French colony, West Africa,
XXI. 660; Adanson's exploration of,
L 144.
, river. West Africa, XXL 660; I.
253-
Senegambia, country, West Africa,
XXI. 661; L 268.
Seneschal, Royal, England, xxi. 36.
Senex, J., his map of London (1720X
XIV. 849.
Sengel, or Senguer, river, Patagonia,
XVIII. 353.
Sengora, district, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 322.
Seniavine Islands, group of Caroline
Islands, Pacific, v. 126.
Senigallia (Sinigaglia), town, Italy,
XXII. 94.
Senior, Nassau William, English econo-
mist, XXI. 663; XIX. 377.
Senkerah, Tablets of. Babylonia,
Numerals in, XVII. 626.
Senlac, or Hastings, England, Battle
of (1066),- VIII. 29L; XL 486; XXIL
725; XXIV. 575.
Senlis, town, France, xxi. 664; Xi'ii.
749-
Senna, drug, xxi. 664; 11. 237.
— •-, town on Zambesi river, Africa,
XXIV. 765.
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, iii.
187; XIIL414; palaces of, at Nineveh,
XVII. 512.
Sennar (Senaar), country. East Central
Africa, xxi. 657.
Senoferu, king of Egypt, vii. 732.
Senora, province, Mexico, XVL 214.
Sens, town, France, xxL 665; council
of (1140), L'35; III. 602.
Sensation, in physiology, xix. 27;
XXIII. 478; in psychology, xxl 40, 50^
67; in psycho-physics, XXIV. 469;
XXIII. 481; inphOosopby of Condillac,
VL 251; of Democritus, VIL 60; of
Hartley, XL 498; of Locke, xiv. 758;
of the Stoics, xxil. 565.
Sense, distinguished from understand-
ing, 'XX. 75 ; in Eleatic philosophy,
VIII. I ; in Cudworth's, VL 691 ; in
Descartes's, v. 147; ui Locke's, xiv.
758.
, Moral, or Conscience (q.v.\ VIII.
600.
Sense-Organs, in man, i. 884; in
Amphibia, I. 766; in birds, in. 725;
in fishes, XII. 652; in mammals, XV.
366; in reptOes, XX. 461; III. 725.
Sensitive Plant, xvl 345; xix. 62.
Sensory Nerves, xix. 27; how affected
by the hypnotic condition, XV. 279.
Sentences of ALi,collection of Arabian
proverbs, I. 572.
Sententiarum MaGister (Peter Lom-
bard, q.v.), XIV. 813.
Sentiments, Phrenological organs of,
XVIII. 845.
Sentinum, Italy, Battle of (295 B.C.),
XX. 743.
Senusi, Mohammed el, Moslem mahdi.
North Africa, xxi. 151; xxiii. 575.
Seoni, or Seonee,. district and town,
India, xxi. 665.
Seoul, town, Corea, vi. 391.
Sepals, of plants, iv. 131.
Sepharadic Ritual, of the Jews, xv.
293-
Sephardim, division of the Jews, xill.
683.
Sepher Ye?IRAH, Midrasb, XVI. 286.
Sephiroth, The Ten, of the Kabbalah,
XIII. 811.
Sepia, genus of molluscs, xvi. 669, 673.
— — , pigment, XXI. 666; XIX. 88; from
the cuttlefish, vi. 737.
Sepiolite, mineral, XV. 82J.
Sepolcri, Ugo Foscolo's poem, IX. 472;
XIIL 513.
Sepoy, native Indian soldier, XXI. 666;
IL 590; sepoy mutiny (1857), 11. 591;'
XII. 809.
Sept, tribal division, V. 799.
Septata, order of Protozoa, XIX. 853.
September, moptb, xxi. 666.
Septem Maria, lagoons, North-Eastem
Italy, XIII. 436.
Septicemia, disease, xxL 666: xvilL
401; X.XIL 678.
Septimania, ancient province, France,
XIV. 287.
Septuagint, Greek version of the Old
S E P — S E T
390
Tedtament, xxi. 667; III. 641; v. 5;
XXII. 824.
Sepulchre, Easter, in architecture, il
472-
, The Holy, XXI. 67a
, Canons Eegular of the Holy, XXL
67a
, Knights of the Holy, XXI. 670.
Sepulchres, Ancient American, 11. 45 1 ;
for mummies, xvil 20.
Sequana (Seine), river, France, XXL
623.
Sequani, Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul,
X. III.
Sequences, in mediffival hymnology,
XII. 5S3.
Sequestration, in Scots law, iiL 344.
Sequoia, genus of trees, xxi. 673; ix.
405; xxiii. 8og.
Sera, capital of China in Ptolemy's
geography, XX. 93.
, convent at Lhasa, Tibet, XIV. 501.
Serafi, Pere, Catalan poet, XXII. 364,
Seraglio, or Harem, xi. 478.
Seraievo, or Bosna Serai, towa, Bosnia,
IV. 68.
Seraing, town, Belgium, XXI. 674.
Serajgunj (Sirajgauj), town, India,
xxn. 95.
Serampur, town, India, XXI. 674.
Serang, town, Java, xill. 605.
Serapeum, temple, near Memphis,
Egypt, XXI. 674; II. 387.
Library, at Alexandria, .Egypt,
XIV. 510.
Seraphim, of Scripture, xxi. 674.
Serapion, Alexandrian physician, XV.
801.
Serapis (Apis), of Egj-ptian mythology,
XXI. 674; II. 173; viL 717.
Serbal (Mount Sinai), Aiabia, xxn.
88.
Serban, Cantacuzene. voivode of Wal-
achia, XXI. 17.
Sereonis, Lake, 'Egypt, VII. 709.
Serbs, race of people, xxi. 688; XXll,
147, 154.
Sercambi, Giovanni, Italian ^vTiter,
xiiL 505.
Sercial, variety of Madeira wine, XV.
178; XXIV. 609.
Serdobol, monastery, Finland, xxiv.
209.
Serdobsk, to^\-n, Russia, xxi. 305.
Serena, town, Chili, xxi. 674.
Serendib, or Ceylon (q.v.), v. 364.
Serenus of Antissa, Greek geometer,
XXL 675.
Serere, people of Senegambia, xxi.
662.
Seres, ancient name for the Chinese, v.
627; xviii. 590.
, town, Turkey in Europe, XXL 675.
Sereth, river, Koumania, xxi. 14.
Serfdom, xxii. 134; economic aspects
of, XIX. 352; in relation to labour,
XIV. 165; in Gussia, xiv. 262; XXL
82, 100; XXII. 143; abolition of, iii
Russia, XXI. 102.
Sergardi, Ludovico, Sienese satirist,
XXIL 43.
Sergeant-at-Arms, in i^oyal house-
hold, England, XXL 37.
Sergell, Tobias, Swedish sculptor,
XXI. 570.
SergHievsk, spa, Russia, xxi. 243.
Serghievskiy Posad, to^-n, Russia,
XXI. 675.
Sergius, St, Syrian martyr, XXL 676.
I.-IV., popes, XXI. 676.
, patriarch of Constantinople, XVL
758.
, Paulician teacher, xvill. 434.
, Russian monk, xxi. 676.
of Rasain, Syriac writer, XXII.
833-
Serice, ancient name for Chma, V.
627.
Sericin, silk albumen, xxn. 61.
Sericulture, art of rearing silkworms,
XXII. 58.
Seriema, bird, XXI. 676.
Series, Mathematical, xxi. 677; xxiv.
71; in algebra, L 561; in trigono-
metry, XXIII. 569; tables of, XXIII. 14,
SerIgraph, indicator of grades of silk,
xxn. 62.
Serin, bird, ix. 192.
, faubourg of Lyons, France, XV.
1 10.
Seringapaxam, to^\ni, India, xxi. 682;
XVII. 124.
Seringham, town, India, XXIL 438.
Seriola, genus of fislies, XXIV. 738.
Seriphus, of Greek legend, XVIIL 560.
Serjeant-at-Law, XXL 6S2; III. 394.
Serjeants' Inn, kgal society, London,
xin. 87.
Serjeanty, Grand, teniue of land, XX.
305, 307-
Sermon on the Mount, xiil 664.
Sernin, St, French martyr, xxni. 485.
Serous Membranes, Anatomy of, i.
848.
Serpent, Serpents, xxil 189. See
Snakes.
, musical instrument, XVII. 778,
XXIV. 788.
, in Genesis I. 135; VIL 136; in
Gnosticism, X. 703; in Pliysiologus,
XIX. 7. See also articles Mythology
and Totemisra.
Serpentarius, genus of birds, XXl.
617.
Serpentine, mineral, xxi. 682; X.
228, 232; XV. 217; XVL 414.
SeRPUKHOFF, to^-n, Russia, XXI. 683.
Serra, Antonio, Italian economist, XIX.
357-
Serrado, Monte, Sjiain, XVI. 797.
Serrano, Francisco, Simniah minister,
xxn. 346.
Serres, to^^-n, Turkey iu Euiope, xxi.
675.
SERRICORNES, group of beetles, VI. 132.
Sertorius, Quintns, Roman general
and statesman, xxL 6S4; xix. 451;
XX. 762; in Spain, xxn. 306.
Sertularia, genus of Hydiozoa, XIL
547-
Serug (Seruj), to\vn, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
Serval, carnivorous manuiial, xv. 435.
Servant, Master and. Legal relations of,
XV. 620; XIV. 165; in Roman law,
XX. 688, 704.
of Jehovah, in Isaiah, XIII. 38?. j
Servetus, Michael, or Miguel Scrvefo^
Spanish physician and polemic, XXL
684; on the circidation of the bloqtt,
I. 810; on the pulmonary circulation,
XXIV. 95; his relations mth Calvin,
IV, 718.
Servia, kingdom. Eastern Euroj^e, xxL
686; Greek Church of, XL 157; lan-
guage, XXII. 147, 150; newspaiwrs,
XVII. 432; periodical literature, XVIII,
544; imder Czeruy George, VI. 754.
Servian Alphabet, l 614.
Servian Language, xxil 147. 150,
dictionaries of, VII. 188.
Servian Literature, xxi. 689; xviit
544-
Servian Wall, at Rome, xx. 731, 734,
813.
Service, tree and fruit, xil. 276.
Serviodurum (StraubiugX Roman sta-
tion, Germany, xxn. 591.
Servites, monastic order, xxi. 692.
Servitude, in law, xix. 560.
Servius, commentator on Virgil, XXL
692; his place La Roman literature^'
XX. 726.
TULLIUS, king of Rome, xxi. 692;'
XX. 734; his reforms in Roman law,
XX. 676.
Servo-Croats, race of Slav people,
xxn. 145, 147.
Servois, his anticipation of quater-,
nions, SX. 161.
Sesame plant, xxi.693; oil from,xvu.,
745-
Cake, xvn. 739.
Sesia, river, Italy, XIIL 435.
Sesostris, legendary Eg)-ptian king,
XXI. 693; his armies, II. 559.
Sessa, to\ra, Italy, xxi. 693.
Sesse, lake island, Africa, xvil. 504.
Session, Court of, supreme comt of
law, Scotland, xxi. 535.
Sessions of the Peace, English law
court, XX. 1 59.
Sestertius, Roman coin, xvn. 652.
SetEE, king of Egj-pt, VII. 738.
Seth, or Set, Egyptian divinity, Vlt
715. 717-
Setheum, temple, Eg}-pt, vn. 779.
Sethiani, Gnostic sect, X. 703.
Setter, dog, vn. 328.
Settle, Elkanah, English poet and
playwright, xxi. 693.
400
Settled Land Act (1SS2), England,
XXI. 695.
Settlement, in law, xxl 693 ; its
influence on agriculture, 1. 409.
, Act of, of English crovra (1701),
XXL 696.
OF THE Poor, xix. 467, 478.
Settons, Lac des, lake. France, xvn.
495-
S6TUBAL, tovra, Portugal, xxL 697.
Seu-Chow (Su-Chow), tomi, China,
xxiL 617.
SEfjRUGA, fisll, XXIL 612.
Sevastopol, or Sebastopol (}.«.), town,
Crimea, Russia, XXI. 616.
Sevellan, mountain, Persia, III. 1 68.
Seven Capes, North Africa, xvii.
627.
Seven Champions of Christendom,
romance, XX. 659.
Seven Churches, Glendalougt, Ire-
land, XXIV. 558.
Seven Cities, Island of, fabulous island,
IV. 241.
Seven Deadly Sins, The, m mediaeval
ecclesiastical ethics, VIII. 592.
Sevenoaks, town, England, xxi. 697.
Seven Seas, lagoons, North-East Italy,
XIII. 436.
Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, The,
legend, XXI. 697.
Seventh-Day Baptists. American
sect, VII. 543.
Seven Weeks' War (1S66), between
Austria and Prussia, III. 140; X. 511.
Seven Years' War (1756-63), hi. 127;
viii. 356; ix. 5ss; x. 503; xx. 10;
XXL 355.
Severn, river, England and Wales, xxi.
698; VIII. 216; xvi. 7S8; XXI. 847;
timuel under, XXIII. 623.
, Joseph, English painter, XXI. 698.
Severus, of Alexandria, Greek roman-
cist, XX. 636.
, Lucius Septimius, Roman em-
peror, XXI. 698; XX. 773, 776; in
Britain, IV. 353; in Scotland, iv. 663;
XXI. 472; in Mesopotamia, XVlii.605;
palace of, at Rome, XX. S24.
, Marcus Aurelius Alexander, Roman
emperor, XXI. 701.
, Sulpicius, caily Christian writer,
XXI. 702.
SebokhT, " Sj-riac writer, XXlL
839.
Severy, in architecture, 11. 473.
Sevigne, Charles de, son of Madame de
Se\'ignc, XXL 704.
, Marquise de, French wTiter, XXI.
703; IX. 660.
Seville, province, Spain, xxi. 707;
XXII. 29S.
, town, Spain, XXI. 70S; lihrarie.",
XIV. 549; sculptures, XXL 567; nni-
versity, XXIII. 839, 851; Murillo's
connexion vrith, XVii. 56.
0R.\NCES. XVII. 812,
S E T — S H A
Sevo, Pizzo di, mountain, Italy, xiii. 437.
SfevRES, town, France, XXI. 710, 625;
porcelain works at, XIX. 637.
, Deux-, department, France, xxi.
710.
Sevri-Hissar, town, Asiatic Turkey,
XVIII. 691.
Sewage, xxi. 711; ammonia of, xvii.
516; as manure, I. 344; irrigation of
meadows with, I. 374.
Sewan, town, India, XXI. 304.
WARD, WUliam Henry, American
tatesman, XXI. 710.
Sewen, fish, XXL 222.
Sewer, Sewers, Construction of, xxi.
713; for houses, iv. 467.
Sewerage, xxi. 711; of London, xiv.
S26; of Paris, XVIII. 2Sa
Sewing Machines, XXI. 718; for shoe-
making, XXI. 831.
Sex, XXI. 720; XX. 407; in relation to
natural selection, XXIV. 82; in relation
to suicide, XXIL 631; sex totems,
XXIII. 471; in animals, XX. 407; in
plants, I. 619;. IV. 8i, 135; XX. 424.
See also Sexes.
Sexagesimal Numbers, Tables of,
XXIII. 9.
Sexcentenary Numbers, Tables of,
XXIIL 9.
Sexes, Proportion of, iu population,
XIX. 514.
Sextant, for measuring angles, xxi.
724; XVII. 268; invention of, X. 187;
principle of, XIV. 586.
Sextius, L., Roman consul, XX. 738.
SextUS Empiricus. on scepticism,
XXI. 3S1.
Sexual Reproduction, in animahs
XX. 407 ; in plants, XX. 424. See
Reproduction.
Seybouse, river, Algeria, I. 563.
Seychelles, archipelago, Indian
Ocean, XXI. 725; XV. 642.
Seyed Moham.med Ali, founder of
Babism (j.f.), III. 180.
Seymour, Lord, of Sudelcy, English
admiral, II. 544 ; vii. 686 ; his
love pas.«ages with the Princess Eliza-
beth, VIII. 142.
, Edward, duke of Somerset, pro-
tector of England, XXIL 259.
, Horatio, American politician,
XXIII. 790.
, Jane, wife of Henry VIII., viii.
336; XL 665.
Seyne, La, town, France, XXI. 726.
Seyool (Seoul), toMTi, Corea, vi. 391.
Sfax, town, Tunis, xxi. 726.
Sfondrato, Niccolo (Pope Gregory
XIV.), XL 178.
SfoRNO, Obadiah, tutor of Reuchlin,
XX. 489.
Sforza, House of, Milan, XIII. 479;
xvi. 293.
, Attendolo, Italian condotticie, vi.
256; XX. 805.
Sforza, Caterina, wife of Giovanni dei
Medici, XV. 787.
, Francesco, duke of Milan, xiii.
479 ; XVI. 293 ; monument of, Xiv.
458.
Sgraffl\to Ware, pottery, xix. 620,
624.
Sgraffito, form of wau decoration,
IV. 508; .XVIL 37.
'S Gravenhage (The Hague, g.v.\
town, Holland, XL 371.
Shabby Genteel Story, Thackeray's,
XXIII. 214.
Shabin K.'\r.\-Hissar, town, Asiatic
Turkey, XIV. 2.
Shad, fish, xxi. 726; xii. 694: arti-
ficial propagation of, XIX. 128.
Shaddock, tree and fruit, xxi. 727.
Sh.\did, Phoenician deity, XVIII. 803.
Shadoof, irrigation apparatus, Egypt,^
VII. 707.
Shadows, Optical theory of, xiv. 580;.
XXIV. 428; in perspective, XIX. S06.
Sh.\drinsk, town, Russia, xviii. 550.
Shad-Salmon, fish, xxi. 224.
Shadwell, Thomas, English play-
wright and versifier, XXI. 727; VII.
436.
Shafiites, Moslem sect, xxil. 661;
XVI. 593, 595.
Shaft, Shafts, in tunnelling, xxiii.
622; in coal-mines, vi. 62; sinking of
in mines, xvi. 448.
Shaftesbury, First Earl of, English
statesman, XXL 727; his relations
\rith Locke, Xiv. 752; his support of
Monmouth, xvi. 755.
, Third Earl of, English moralist,'
XXL 731; VIII. 427; on beauty, I. 221;
on dei-^m, Vll. 34 ; ctliics of, viii.
599-
, Seventh Earl of, English philan-
thropist, XXI. 734.
Shag, bini, vi. 408.
Shagreen, leather, xiv. 390; xxL
779-
Shah, title of nJer of Persia, xviil.
628.
ShahaBAD, distiict, British India, xxi.
734-
, to^vn, Oucfh, India, xvin. 72.
Shahat, district. North Africi, vi. 751.
ShahebgUNGE, ton-n, India, XXI. 297.
ShaHid, Abul-Hasan, Persian poet,
XVIII. 656.
Shahinshahnama, Pei-sian book,.
XVIIL 657.
Shah Jah.in, Mogul emperor, xil. 795;
XX. III.
Shah Jahan Kuh, mountain, Pcj-sia,
XIV. 66.
Shahjahanpur, district and town,
India, XXI. 735.
Shahnama, or Shahnamah, Fiidou.-^i's
epic, XVIIL 656; IX. 225.
Shahpuhr, Shapur, or Sajmr, kings of
Pei'sia, XVIIL 60S; xvii. 514.
S H A — S H E
401
Shahpur, district and town, India,
XXI. 735.
Shahpura, state, India, xx. 260.
Shahrastani, Persian jurisconsult
and theologian, xxi. 736.
Shahrazad, of the Arabian Nights'
Entertainments, XXin. 316.
Shahrbaraz, Persian general, XVIII.
615.
Shaibani, or Sheibani, ruler of Uzbek
Tartars, xvi. 749; xviii, 635.
Shaikhs, class of Mohammedans ia
India, Xii. 746; XV. 185.
Shairp, John Campbell, Scottish poeti-
cal critic, XXI. 736.
Shakerly with Tvldeslev. town,
England, XXIII. 674.
Shakers, religious sect, XXI. 736; vi.
2116; similar communities in the early
Irish Church, Xlll. 248.
Shakespeare, Anne Hathaway, vdk
of the dramatist, xxi. 754, 766.
, Edmund, brother of tlie dramatist,
XXI. 755,765.
, Hamnet, only son of the dramatist,
XXI. 755> 765-
, Jolm, the dramatist's father, xxi.
745
, Judith, daughter o£ the dramatist,
XXI. 755, 765.
, Mary Arden, the dramatist's
mother, XXI. 747, 765.
, Richard, the dramatist's grand-
father, XXI. 744.
, Susanna, daughter of the dramatist,
,XXI. 755, 756, 765.
™e — , William, English dramatist, XXI.
737; vu. 430; Madden on the spelling
of the name, xv. 176; his position in
English literature, viil. 418; his con-
nexion with Edward Alleyu, I. 584;
his influence on Beaumont and Flet-
cher, III. 470;. in favour with Queen
Elizabeth, VIII. 142; his use of Geoffrey
of Hoiunouth's legends, x. 173; his
connexion with the Globe Theatre,
'London, XXIII. 224; his borrowing
plots from Greene, XI. 164; his influ-
ence on German literature, x. 532;
the London of, XI v. 848; in relation
to the Renaissance, xx. 393; his son-
nets, XXII. G62; the forgeries of Ire-
land, xiil. 272; epitaph on, by Milton,
VIII. 495; monument of, at Stratford,
XXII. 590; bibliography, xxi. 76S;
Boydell's illustrations ~of, IV. 182;
French renderings by Duels, VII. 505;
Johnson's edition of,pcill. 725; Milton'
on, Xvi. 326.
Shakhdara, river. Central Asia, xvm.
>o3-
Shaki-Shaki, to\vn, Zanzibar, Africa,
XXIV. 768.
Shakudo, Japanese amalgam-work,
XIII. 591.
Shal, fish, xXii. 68.
.Shale, mineral, xvi. 424; x 238;
25—21
bituminous, XVlll. 240; alum from, I.
646; naphtha from, XVII. 174.
Shallot, vegetable, xii. 2S8.
Shalmaneser I., king of Assvria, in.
186.
II., of Assyria, lu. i86;- Xin. 406.
IV., of Assyria, IIL 187; xill.
412,
Shamanism, foi-m of religion, xxL 771;
of Assyria, III. 192; of Pelew Is'ands,
xvm. 474; in Russia, XXI. 81; in
Tibet, XXIII. .344.
3HAMLI, town, India, XVII. 114.
Shammai, Jewish rabbi, xxL 771.
Shammar, Aiab tribe, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 49.
Shamo, district. Central Asia, x. 713.
Shamokin, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XXI. 771.
Shamoy (or Chamois) Leather, xiv.
39°-
Shams, Sabsean goddess, xxiv. 741.
Shams-UDDIn, Persian teacher, xxi. 59.
, Muhammed (Hafiz), Persian poet,
XL 367; xvm. 659.
Shan-a-lin, mountains, Manchuria,
XV. 465.
Shang Dynasty, of China, v. 643.
Shanghai, town, China, xXi. 771; v.
635; temple of Confucius at, 11. 448.
Shanklin, town, Isle of Wight, Eng-
land, XXIV. 562.
Shan Language, Asia, xxl 774.
Shannon, river, Ireland, xill. 216.
Shans, people of Burmah and Siam,
XXL 773, 854; IV. 553.
Shan-SE, province, China, V. 634.
Shan States, Burmah, xxi. 773.
Shantow (Swatow), town, China, xxii.
733-
Shan-txjng, province, China, v. 633.
Shap, to\\Ti, England, xxiv. 516
Shaping Machines, machine tools, xv.
156.
Shapinshav, island, Orkney, Scotland,
xviL-846.
Shapur I., king of Persia, XVIIL 608;
xviL 514.
1!, of Peisia, xvm. 609; xvn.
514.
III., of Persia, xvm. 610.
, Shemuel, Talmudic writer, XXIII.
35-
Shari, valley, Soudan, xxii. 277.
Sharjah, district, Arabia, II. 254.
Shark, fish,, xxi. 774; basking, xxi.
608; Beaumaris, xix. 518; classifica-,
tion of the giioup, Xii. 6S5.
Oil, xvii. 747.
."harks Bay. Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
Sharon, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XXI. 779.
Springs, spa. New York,. U.S.A.,
XVI. 436.
Sharp, Abraham, English logarithmist,
XIV. 779.
Sharp, James, archbishop of St Andrews,
Scotland, XXI. 779, 515; XIX. 683.
, WUliam, English line-engraver,
XXI. 780.
Sharpe, Mrs, on archery, 11. 377.
, Richard B., on birds, xviil. 12.
Sharpsburgh, U.S.A., Battje of (1862),
xxiiL 777.
Shast.\, Mount, Sierra Jlevada, U.S.A.
XXIIL 800.
Shatranj, Oriental game, V. 598.
Shatsk, to\vn, Russia, xxiii. 41
Shawenegan, waterfall, Canada, XX.
165.
Shawl, article of dress, xxi, 781; Cash-
mere, XIV. 12; Persian, "XVllI. 626;
of Kirman, XIV. 100.
Shawm, musical instrument, xvir. 707.
Shawmut, peninsula, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., IV. 72.
Shawnees, American-Indian tribe, XIU
832.
Shea Butter, vegetable fat, xvii. 744,
747-
Sheadings, districts, Isle of Man, xv.
452
Shear, Shearing, in mechanics, xv.
694; XIX. 797; in bridges, IV. 2864
shearing stress, xxii. 594.
Shearing, of sheep, i. 396.
Machine, for iron plates, XV.
157
Shears, cutting tool, xi. 439; in iron
manufacture, xill. 330; XV. 157.
, in seamanship, XXI. 593, 604.
Shearwater, bird, xxi. 781 ; *3LXj
102; XXII. 1 20.
Sheathbill, bird, XXI. 782.
Sheath-Fish, xxii. 6.".
Sheaves, in mechanics, xv. 763.
Sheba, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
Shebbeare, Dr John, his trial for
libel, IV. 735.
Sheboygan, town, Wisconsin, U.SA.,
XXI. 782; population, xxiv. 617.
Shechem, to^vn, Palestine, XXL 783,
243.
Shee, Sir Martin Archer, Irish painter,
XXI. 783.
Sheelin, Lough, Ireland, xxiv. 512.
Sheemoga, town, India, xxi. 803.
Sheep, XXI. 784; xv. 432; management
of, I. 391; IV. 250; diseases of, xxiv.
204, 205; liver-rot, xxill. 539; pox,
XXIV. 204; milk of, XVI. 303; shear-
ing of, I. 396; skins of, for tanning,
XIV. 380, 388; wool, XXIV. 654;
Dorset breed, vil. 371; Herdwick's,
VL 698; South Do%vns, xxil. 725;
merino, of Spain, xxil. 300; wild,
of India, XII. 742; wild, of Turkestan,
XXIII. 635.
Sheep-Dogs, VII. 326.
Sheepshead, fish, XXI. 785.
Sheep's Oil, xvii. 744.
Sheerness, town, EnglandJ XXI. 785;
dockyard, vii. 312, 318.
XXV. -_5i
402
S H E — S H I
Sheffield, tovrn, England, xxi. 785.
, John, duke of Buckingliamslure,
IV. 419.
Sheikh-aL-Jebal (Old Man of the
Mountains), chief of the Assassins, II.
723.
Sheikhis, Mohammedan sect, xxii.
665.
Sheiku 'l-Islam, head of the ulenia,
or Moslem clergy, XXII. 66l, 664;
xxiil. 654.
Sheil, Ricliard Lalor, Irish politician,
XXI. -S7.
Shekel, ancient coin and weight, XXI.
78S; XVII. 650; XXIV. 486.
S«EKSN.\, river, Russia, xxi. 116; xxiv.
279.
Shelburne, Earl of, English statesman,
VIII. 358; XIV. 289; Ids relations with
Pitt, XIX. 138.
Sheld- Drake, bird, xxi. 7S8.
Sheldonian Comp.\ct (1664), in
English history, VI. 327.
Sheldonian Theatre, Oxioul, xviii.
95-
Sheldrake, bird, xxi. 78S.
Shell, of birds' eggs. III. 774.
, projectile, XI. 304; for rifled gtins,
L 744.
Shelley, Mary 'Wollstonecraft, English
woman of letters, XXI. 7S9; X. 717.
, Percy Bysshe, English poet, XXI.
789; as dramatist, VII. 439; his place
in English literature, VIII. 433; his
place as poet, XIX. 26S.
Shellif, river, Algeria, 1. 563.
Shell Lac, resin, xiv. 182.
Shells, of brachiopods, iv. 189; of mol-
luscs, XVI. 635.
Shelomoh ibn Gebirol (Avicebron),
Jewish philosopher. III. 152; II. 26S;
yiii. 758; XXI. 426.
S«EM, of Scripture, XVII. 511, 523; xxi.
641.
, Israel paal, or Besht, foimder of
modern Jewish sect, XIII. 681.
Shemaha, or Shemakha, to\ni, Trans-
caucasia, Russia, XXI. 794; xxiil. 515.
Sheiiaryah, rabti, Talmudist, xxill.
39-
Shemuel, Talmudic Mo-iter, xxill. 35.
Shenandoah, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXI. 794.
Valley, U.S.A., Campaigns of,
XXIIL 777, 779.
Shendamangalam, town, India, xxi.
210.
Shendv, town, Soudan, Africa, xxi.
794-
Skene, or Richmond, England, Monas-
tery of, I. 21.
Shen-se, province, China, v. 637.
Shenshais, Parsee sect, India, XVIII.
326.
Shenstone, William, English poet,
XXI. 794; his plac« in English litera-
ture, VIII. 429.
Sheol, in eschatology, viii. 536; XX.
114.
Shepherd Kings, of Egypt, vii. 735.
Shepherd of Hermas, early ChrisLian
writing, II. iSo, 197; x. 815.
Shepherd's Calendar, Spensers
poem, XVIII. 345; XXII. 393.
Shepherd's Week, Gay's pastoral,
JfVIIL 347.
Sheppev, Iile of, Kent, England, xiv.
37-
Shepton JiIallet, towB, England, xxi.
795-
Shepwav, Cinque Port, England, Parlia-
ment of, V. 787.
Sher Ali Khan, ruler of Afghanistan,
I. 240, 241.
Sherborne, town, England, xxi. 795;
abbey chm'ch at, vil. 372; manor of,
XX. 263.
Sherbro (Sherboro), island. Sierra
Leone, West Africa, XXII. 44.
Sherbrooke, town, Canada, XX. I67.
Shere, or Remedy, in coining, xvi.
482.
Shereef (Sherif), Mohammedan officer,
XV. 672.
Sheribon (Cheribon), town, Java, v.
585.
Sheridan, Caroline Elizabeth (Mrs
Norton), xvii. 574.
, Frances, novelist and diamatist,
XXI. 796.
, Philip Henry, American general,
XXIH. 780.
, Richard Brinsley Butler, Irish
dramatist and politician, xxi. 797;
VII. 438; his place in English litera-
ture, viii. 429, 431.
, Thomas (1684- 1738), Irish Bchool-
master and writer, xxi. 795.
, Thomas (1721-17S8), Irish actor
and elocutionist, XXI. 796.
Sherif, Mohammedan officer, xv. 672.
Sheriff, law officer, XKi. 800; vi. 513.
, Laurence, founder of Rugby School,
England, XXI. 55.
Sheriff-Clerk, Scottish law officer,
XXI. So I.
Sheriff-Depute, Scottish law officer,
XXI. Soi.
Sheriffdoms, Scottish, xxl 483, 4S8,
535-
Sheriffmuir, Scotland, Battleof(i7i5),
vn. 533; xxi. 526.
Sheriff-Substitute, Scottish law-
officer, XXI. 801.
Sherlock, Thomas,, bishop of London,
XXI. Soi.
, WUiiam, dean of St Paul's, XXI.
802.
Sherman, to^-n, Te.xas, U.S.A, xxi.
802.
, Roger, American politician, xxill.
748.
, William Tecumseh, American
general, XXIII. 779.
Sherry Wine, xxiv. 607; xiii. 6*9;
adidteralion of, i. 173.
's fiERTOGENBOscH (Bois-le-Diie)^
town, Holland, III. 864.
Shejiwin, John Keyse, English engrarer
and painter, xxi. 802.
Sherwood Forest, England, xvh.
599-
Shesheazz.^r, Persian governor of
Jerusalem, XI. 371.
Sheshkeeff, town, Russia, XVIII. 51 j.
Sheshonk (Shishak), king of Egypt,
VII. 74:.
Shetland, islands, Scotland, xviL
845.
Cattle, l 389.
Shevagunga (Sivaganga), town, India,
XV. 192.
Shevchenko, Taraa, Russian poet, XXL
no.
Sheykhi, of Kermiyan, Ottoman poet,
xxiii. 656.
Shiahs, Moslem sect, XL 509. See
Shiites.
Shian, shah of Persia, XVHL 636.
Shibrghan (Sapurgan), province, Af-
ghanistan, 1. 243.
Shield, Ancicm fovnvs of, IL 554-
, in heialdiy, xi. 6S5, 694.
, William, English musical com-
poser, XXI. S02.
OF SciPio, ancient plate, xix.
181.
Shields, North, town, England, xxill.
675.
, Soutn, town, England, xxi. 802.
Shifting Pieces, in me.chanics, xv.
755-
Shig.atze, town, Tibet, xxill. 340.
Shighnan, state. Central Asia, XVIII.
104.
Shiites, Moslem sect, xxii. 663; xvi.
564, 568, 592; II. 722; XI. 509.
Shikarpur, district and to«-n, India,
XXI. 803.
Shi King, Chinese poems, vi. 263.
ShikokU, island, Japan, XIII. 569.
Shilka, river, Siberia, I. 746; XXIH
510.
Shiloh, to^\-n, Palestine, xxi. 803
Shimiyn, river, Africa, XVII. 505.
Shimoga, district, India, XXI. Soj
town, XXI. 803; XVII. 123.
Shin, Loch, Scotland, xxil. 726.
Shina Language, on upper Indus, x
598.
Shinanogawa, riwr, Japan, xm
572-
Shinasi Efendi, Ottoman writei
XXIIL 657.
Shin Bone, Anatomy of the, i. 829.
Shing Chow (Nanking), ancient toin
China, XVII. 172.
Shing-King, province, China, v. 64.1.
Shingle, in architecture, 11. 473.
Mills, xxi. 346.
Shingles, skin disease, xxii. izj.
S H I — S I A
403
Shing-Yang (Moukden). town. Man-
churia, XV. 466.
Shinto, Japanese religion, XIll. 581;
XX. 363.
Ship, Ancient and mediaeval, XXI. 804;
Phoenician, XVIII. 804.
, Ships, Modern, xxi. .809, 589;
chains and anchors for, li. 4; dcrebct,
XXIV. 686; log for ascertaining speed
of, XIV. 769; XVII. 264; management
of, XXI. 589; quarantine of, XX. 153;
registration of, XX. 343; resistance of
water to, xll. 518; sails, xxi. 153;
salvage, xxi. 237; steam-engines for,
XXII. 517; unseaworthy, in law, XXI.
606; whaUng vessels, XXIV. 526; wreck
of, in law, xxi v. 686; yachts, XXIV.
723-
Shipbuilding, xxi. 809.
Ship Canals, iv. 787.
Ship Harbour, lake, Nova Scotia,
XVII. 601.
Shipley, town, England, xxi. 826.
, William Da vies, Erskine's defence
of, VIII. 530.
Ship-Monev, tax, IX. 177; Hampden's
resistance to, viii. 346.
Ship of Fooles, Barclay's satire, iil
368.
Ship of Fools, Brandfs satirical poem,
IV. 215; X. 527.
Shippen, William, American stirgeon,
XXII. 677.
Shipping, British, xxi. 826; European,
vin. 707; of United State?, xxill.
826; Lloyd's list of, Xiv. 741.
Ship-Worm, or Teredo, xxiii. 184.
Shipwreck, Life-saving apparatus for,
XIV. 570; law relating to, xxiv. 686.
, The, poem by Falconer, ix. 4.
SHiRABAp, town. Central Asia, XII. 3.
Shiraz, town, Persia, XXI. 829; xviii.
627, 628.
Shire, or County, English administra-
tive division, viii. 273,
Shir6, river. East Central Africa, XXIV.
765.
Shirkhist, manna, XV. 493.
Shirley, town, England, xxi. 829.
, Charlotte Bronte's novel, IV. 365.
, Sir Anthony, English envoy to
Persia, XVIII. 638.
-, Jeones, English dramatist, xxi.
829;, VII. 432; as pupil of Beaumont
and Fletcher, III. 474.
, Eobert, EngUsh envoy to Persia,
;cviii. 638.
, William, colonmi . administrator,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., xv. 616.
Shirvan, khanate, Transcaucasia, XXI.
794-
Shirwa, Lake, Africa, J. 256.
Shishak, king of Egypt, VII. 742.
Shisham, tree, xviii. 71.
Shittah, tree, i. 68.
Shiva-Kul, lake, Central Asia, xviii.
104.
Shoa, district, Abyssinia, X. 64.
Shoading, in mines, XVI. 442.
Shock, or CoUapse, physical condition,
X.XII. 680.
Shocks, Effects of, on magnetization,
XV. 268.
Shoddy, variety of cloth, I. 176; xxiv.
661; factories, in England, vill. 233.
Shooer, Goldbeater's, X. 753.
Shoe-Bill, bird, xxil 578.
Shoeburyness, England, Scliool of
gunnery at, II. 586.
Shoemaker's Holiday, Dekker's play,
VII. 37.
Shoemaking, xxl 830.
Shoen (Schongauer), Martin, Germati
painter and engraver, xxi. 432; viil.
441.
Shoes, Snow, xxii. 201.
, Horse, XXL 831; Xll. 195.
ShoGUN, Japanese ruler, XIII. 582.
Sholapur, district and town, India,
XXI. 832.
Shomer, Mountains of, Arabia, 11.
239.
Shooi (Skua), bird, XXII. 125.
Shooting, for sporting purposes, xxL
832; gun-sights for, xxil. 46.
Shore, Jane, mistress of Edward IV.,
XXI. 835.
J.John, inventor of tuning-fork,
xxin. 619.
Short, James, telescope-maker, xxiii.
137-
Shortest Way with Dissenters,
Defoe's work, vil. 27.
Shorthand, xxi. 836; for the blind,
III. 828; in ancient MSS., xviu. 164.
Shorthorn Cattle, l 388.
Shortrede, Robert, Scottish logarith-
mist, XIV. 776; his tables, xxiii. 11.
Short-Sight, viu. 820 ; xvi. 259 ;
XVII. 7S5; spectacles for, xxn. 372..
Shoshone, Lake, Yellowstone Park,
U.S.A., XXIV. 737.
Falls, Snake Biver, U.S.A., xxill.
798.
Shoshones, American inaians, Xli.
827, 832.
Shoshong, town, Bechuanalana, South
Africa, xxi. 842.
Shot, military projectiles, I. 745; XI.
294, 304; sporting, XI. 280; XXI. 835.
Shotover Hill, Oxford, England,
XVIIL 93.
Shoulder-Blade, Anatomy of tne, i.
826.
Shoulder-Girdle, of mamtoals, xv.
358-
Shoulder-Joint, Anatomy of the, I.
838.
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, English
admiral, XXI. 842.
Shoveler, bird, xxi. 842.
Showbread, Itbrew, xXL 133.
Shrapnel Shell, in gunnery, l 744;
XI. 304.
Shreveport, town, Louisiana, XJJS^
XXI. 843.
Shrew, insectivorous mamTnalj xxi.
843; XV. 403.
Shrewsbury, town, England, xxi. 845;
battle of {1403), XI. 660; XVIII. 523.
, Earls and Duke of, XXIIL 25.
Shrike, bird, xxi. 845.
Shrimp, crustacean, xxi. 846; fisheries,
X. 265.
, Opossum, crustacean, vi. 658.
Shrine, in architecture, II. 473.
Shropshire, county,. England, xxi.
847.
Sheep, i. 392.
Shrove Tuesday, xxi. 648.
Shrubs, Garden, xu. 260; colture o^
IL 319
Shu, Egyptian divinity, Vll. 716.
'^hubenacadie, river. Nova Scotia,
XVII. 601.
Shui, town, Lew-Chew Taland.«i, North
Pacific, XIV. 490.
Shuiski, Basil, Russian revolutionist,
XXI. 95.
Shuja, shah of Afghanistan, XX. 1 1 1 ;
-assassination of, 1. 240.
Shuluh, race of people,- Africa, I. 261.
Shumadia, district, Servia, XXI. 687.
Shumla, town, Bulgaria, xxi. 648.
Shumshu, island, Kuriles, Asia; xrv.
i6o_
S HUN-CHE, emperor of China, v. 650.
Shush, or Shushan (Susa), ancient
town, Persia, xxil. 722; xxi. 849; n.
400.
Shusha, town, Caucasus, Russia, xxi.
648.
Shushan (Susa), ancient town, Persia,
XXIL 722; xxi. 849; II. 400.
Shustar, town, Persia, XXI. 849.
Shute, John, Viscount Barrington, ill.
393-
Shuttle, for weaving, xxiv. 464; early-
Greek, XXIII. 206.
Shuwas, people, Bomu, Central Africa,
IV. 61.
Shltya, town, Russia, XXl. 849.
Shwedoung, town, Burmah, xix. 807.
Shwe-Gyeng, district and town, Bur-
mah, XXL 849.
SlAH-POSH, tribes, Kafiristan, AaS,
XIIL 821.
SlAK, residency, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
SiALiD^, group of insects, xin. 151.
SlALKOT, district and town, India, xxi.
850.
Siam, kingdom, Eastern Asia, xxL 850;
forests of, IX. 405; Pali language in,
xvill. 183 ; Shan language of, xxL
774; weights and measures, XXIV. 49a.
Siamang, ape, 11. 150.
Siamese Language, xxi. 855.
■ Literature, xxl 855.
Twins, xvi. 765.
SlANTi (Ashantee, q.v.), country, West
Africa, 11. 681.
404
S I B— S I G
SiBBALD, Sir Robert, Scottish scientist,
XXII. I.
SiBENiK, town, Dalmatia, Austria, xxi.
6i6.
Siberia, region, Asia, xxii. i; ii. 6S7;
acquisition of, by Russia, XXI. 93;
Russian explorations in, x. 191; Friar
William's travels in, XXI. 47; birds of,
III. 756; forests, IX. 405; penal insti-
tutions, XIX. 762; Tartar population,
XXIII. 70.
Siberian Boil-Plague, cattle disease,
XVIL 58.
SiBiLLA, Monte della, mountain, Italy,
437-
SiBOGA, town, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
SiBSAGAR, district and town, India,
XXIL 13.
SiBSiB, ground squirrel, Morocco, XVI.
.833-
SiBUYAN, island, Philippines, XVlll.
752.
SiBVL, of Greek and Roman legend,
XXII. 13.
Sibylline Books, of ancient Rome,
XXII. 13.
Sibylline Oracles, Greek poems, xi.
144.
Sibyllines, The, apocalj-ptic books, 11.
177. 179-
Sicca Veneria (Keff), ancient town,
Tunis, XIV. 27.
Sicels, people, Soutn Italy and Sicily,
XXII. 15.
Sicilian Oil, xviii. 713.
Sicilian Vespers, massacre of French
in SicUy (1282), v. 423; XX. 798;
XXII. 27.
Sicilies, Two, Kingdom of the, xill.
478; XVII. 191; conquest of, by the
Normans, xiil. 470; xvii. 191.
Sicily, island, Mediterranean, xxil. 14;
XIII. 440; XV. 820; part of kingdom
of the Two Sicilies, Xlil. 471; xvn.
191 ; under the Athenians, XI. 104;
invaded by the Carthaginians, v. 161;
historical connexion of Malta with,
XV. 342; its connexion with Naples,
XVII. 191; Norman settlement in,
XIII. 470; XVII. 548; its connexion with
Phoenicia, XVIII. 806; conquest of, hy
Rome, XX. 747, 750; Spanish con-
nexion, XXII. 322, 324, 327; ancient,
coins of, XVII. 63S; modern, coins of,
XVII. 657; dialect of, XI n. 494; plague
in, XIX. 166; sulphur mines, XXH. 634;
wine industry, XXIV. 610.
Sick Headache, xvii. 364.
Sickingen, Franz von, German baron,
xxil 31; XV. 78.
Sickle, reaping implement, xxi.
574-
Sickness, Diet in, vii. 205:
SiCULi, people, South Italy and Sicily,
XXII. 15. "
SicuLUS, Diodorus, Greek historian,
vn. 245.
SiCYON, town, Achaia, Greece, XXII. 31;
school of sculpture at, II. 349.
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha, q.v.),
III. 375; IV. 426.
SiDDHi KiJR, Calmuck collection of
stories, IV. 710.
SiDDiM, Vale of, Palestine, vii. 2.
SiDDONS, Sarah, English actress, xxil.
32; XIV. 31.
Side, town, Asia Minor, xviii. 207.
Sidereal Month, ii. 774.
Sidereal Time, ii. 765; xxiii. 392.
SiDERiTE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 397.
Sideroschisolite, mineral, xvi. 414.
SiDEROSILICITE, mineral, XVI. 425.
SiDEROSTATic Telescope, xxiil 152.
Side-Walks, of streets, xx. 5S8.
SiDGWiCK, Henry, on political economy,
XIX. 399
Sidi-bel-Abbes, town, Algeria, xxil.
33-
SiDi IBN ISA, Shrine of, Kairwan, Tunis,
XIII. S24.
SiDi Mohammed ben Ali es-Senusi,
leader of Mohammedan fraternity in
Sahara, xxi. 151; xxiii. 575.
SiDLAWS, hills, Scotland, xviii. 666.
SlDMOtrTH, Viscount, English states-
man, I. 145; VIII. 363.
SiDNACESTER (Newark), Saxon tomi,
England, xvii. 370.
Sidney, town. Cape Breton, xvii. 603.
, Algernon, English statesman, xxil.
33-
, Sir Htnry, viceroy of Ireland,
XIIL 264; XXIL 35.
, Sir Philip, English statesman and
writer, XXII. 35; vill. 417, 421; as
pastoral poet, xviil. 346; his relations
with Spenser, XXII. 393; his death in
HoUand, Xll. 77.
Sussex College, Cambridge, iv.
731-
SiDON, town, Pha?nicia, XXII. 35; xviii.
804, 80S; capture of, by Artaxerxes
III., xviii. 5S0; coins of, XVII. 650.
SiDONiAN Inscriptions, xiil 116.
SiDONlus, C. SoUius Apollinaris, Chris-
tian writer and bishop, II. 184.
SiDRA (Hydra), island, Greece, XII. 430.
, Bay of, Tripoli, North Africa,
XXIIL 575.
Rabba, book of the Mandsans,
XV. 468.
SiDYMA, town, Asia Minor, xv. 94.
Siebeneurgen, or Transylvania (j.v.),
Austria-Hungary, xxiii. 521.
SlEBOLD, Carl Theodor Ernst von,
German physiologist and zoologist,
XXII. 36.
, Philipp Franz von, German ex-
plorer of Japan, XXII. 36.
SlECLE, Le, Paris newspaper, XVII. 426.
SlEDLCE, government, Russian Poland,
XXII. 36; town, XXIL 37.
SlEG, river, Rhenish Prussia, xx. 20,
5'9-
Siege, Operations in a, ix. 455; artil-
lery for, II. 663; XI. 314.
SlEGEN, town, Prussia, XXII. 37.
, Ludwig, inventor of mezzotint
engraving, viii. 445.
SlEGENITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
Siege of Rhodes, English opei-a, xvir
88.
SlEGFRED, English missionary in
Sweden, XXII. 745.
Siegfried, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
XVIL 475; X. 522, 524; XX. 657.
Siemens, Ernst Werner, inventor of
electric railway, XXIII. 495 ; his
electrical experiments, VIII. 37.
, Sir William, inventor and natural
pMosopher, XXII. 37; his gas-engine,
XXII. 526; his gas-pro<lucer, IX. 845;
XXII. 182 ; his ditferential governor,
XXII. 50S ; his heat-regenerator. IX.
846; on iron and steel, XIII. 282.
SIemens-Martin Process, of steel-
making, XIII. 347.
Siemens Precipitation Process, of
steel-makiug, xiii. 337.
Siena, town, Italy, xxfi. 38; cathedral
pavement. III. 476; cathedral pulpit,
XI.K. 124; majolica ware, XIX. 628;
school of painting, XXI. 433, 442 ;
pictures in, x.xi. 446 ; university,
XXIII. 837.
,'St Catherine of, v. 229.
Sieradz, to^Ti, Russian Poland, xxil,
44.
SlERPCE, toi™, Poland, XIX. 227.
Sierra, envelope of the sun, 11. 7S8.
Leone, West Coast, Africa, xxii.
44; I. 269.
Nev.^da, mountains, United States,
IV. 697, 700; XVII. 367; XXIII. 799.
SlERR.-\s, mountain chains. Spain, xxil.
294.
SlETE Partidas, Spanish code of laws,
XXIL 31S, 354.
Sieves, Emmanuel Joseph, French
politician, XXII. 45; IX. 612; his rela-
tions ■with Napoleon, XVII. 202.
SiFAN, nomad tribes of Tibet, xxill.
344-
SIFATITES, Moslem sect, XVI. 592.
SiG.^LON, Xavier, French painter, XXil.
46.
Sighing, abnormal form of respiration,
XX. 479.
Sight, Organ and sense of, Viil. 816; 1.
885; defective, XVII. 784; loss of, III.
826; short and long, viii. 820; xvii.
785; organs of, in Amphibia, !. 768;
in birds, IIL 725 ; in Crustacea, vi.
637; in fishes, XII. 652; in mammals,
XV. 367; in reptiles, XX. 461; III. 725.
Sights, Gun, xxu. 46.
SiGiSMUND, emperor, XXii. 48; Xll. 368^
X. 495.
, duke of Hapsburg, XXII. 786.
I., king of Poland, XIX. 29a
II., of Poland, XIX. 291.
S I G — S I M
405
SIGISMUND III., of Poland, XIX. 294.
, king of Sweden, xxii. 748.
SiGLUS, ancient Persian coin, xvil. 659.
SIGMARINGEN, town, Prussia, XXII. 48.
. , HohenzoUern-, German princely
house, XII. 52
SiGMODON, genua of rodent mammals,
XVII. 6.
SiGNAKH, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 514.
Signalling, xxiii. 112; lieliograpliic,
XI. 632.
Signals, as used in navy, xxii. 49;
XVII. 277; flag, IX. 379; railway, XX.
238; in surveying, XXll. 698; time
determined by, XXIII. 395.
Signatures, Book, xxni. 700; quire
marks, xviii. 144.
Signet, Writers to the, legal society,
Scotland, XXI. 535; XXII. 251.
Library, Edinburgh, xiv. 522.
Rings, xx. 560.
Signorelli, Luca, Italian painter, XXll.
50; XXI. 434, 442.
Signs of the Zodiac, xxiv. 791.
SiGOURNEY, Lydia Huntley, American
poetess, I. 731.
Sigtuna, anci,enl toMTi, Sweden, xxil.
55S.
Sigurd, mythical liei-o, in Nibclungen-
lied, XVII. 474; XX. 657.
, the Stout, carl of Orkney and
Caithness, XIII. 254; XVII. 848.
, son of Hakon, Norse earl, xvil. 585.
Jorsalafari, Norwegian king,
XVII. 588, 848.
Si-Hamed, Algerine chief, I. 569.
SlHANAKA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
SiHUN (Syr-Daria, q.v.), river, Asia,
XXII. 818.
, river, Asia Minor, II. 708; V. 777.
Sikandar, ruler of Kashmir, XIV. 13.
SiKANS, or Sicani, people. South Italy
and Sicily, xxii. 15.
Sikels, -or Siculi, people. South Italy
and Sicily, XXII. 15.
SiKES's Hydrometer, xil 540.
Sikhota-alin, mountains. Eastern
Siberia, XV. 548.
Sikhs, people of India, xi. 84,1: xii.
746, 808; XX. no.
Sikh War (1846), xiv. 371.
SIKKIM, or Sikim, state, India, XXII. 51;
XL 822; birds of. III. 761.
Sikuha, town, Persia, xviii. 627.
Silalahi, lake, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
SiLBERMANN, family of organ-builders,
XVIL 837.
, Gottfried, his improvements on the
pianoforte, XIX. 71.
SiLBURY Hill, artificial mound, Wilts,
England, III. 144.
SiLENUS, in Greek mythology, xxil. 51.
Silesia, district, Germany, xxii. 51.
SiLESiAN Wars, ul 127; ix. 585, 736;
x. 503; XX. 10.
.S:LIAN Law, Roman, XX. 681.
Silica, o.tide of silicon, XXII. 53; V. 522.
Silicates, in chemistry, xxil. 53; xvi.
61.
Siliceous Springs, x. 271.
SiLlciSPONGl.«, class of sponges, XXII.
421.
Silicon, chemical element, v. 521; its
presence in steel, XIII. 283; as fuel, ix.
809; as plant food, XIX. 49
SiLicoNElSEN, metal, xiil. 351.
Silicon-Manganeisen, metal, xiii.
353-
Silico-Skeleta, subclass of Protozoa,
XIX. 849.
SILIQUA, form of fruit, iv. 152.
Silistria, town, Bulgaria, XXII. 54.
Silius Italicus, Latin epic poet, xxii.
54; his place in Roman literature, xx.
726.
Silk, xxii. 56 ; ancient fabrics of,
xxiii. 208 ; bleaching of, in. S22;
fibre of, IX. 133; ailftnthua, Xiv. 216;
Chinese, v. 638, 639, 640; manufac-
tures, England, vill. 232; production
in France, IX. 520; XXI. 332; weaving
of, in India, XII. 761; Indian, Xli.
751; culture and manufacture, in
Italy, XIII. 442, 453; XVI. 292; from
spiders, II. 295.
Hats, xi. 519.
Silk-Tail, bird, xxiv. 460.
Silkworm, iv. 596; xxn. 57; moth
of, xiii. 151.
Sill, in architecture, II. 473.
Silla, Pico de la, mountain, Venezuela,
XXIV. 139.-
SiLLEDA, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
SiLLERY, Marquis of, husband of
Madame de Genlis, X. 153.
Si LLI M AN, Benjamin ( 1 779- 1 864), Amer-
ican chemist and geologist, XXII. 66.
, Benjamin (1816-1885), American
chemist and physicist, XXII. 66.
Sillimanite, mineral, XVI. 408.
SiLLUSTANi, Peru, Stone circles at, II.
451.
Silo, pit for ensilage, xxii. 67.
SiLOAM, Pool of, Jerusalem, XIII.
638.
SiLOW, his experiments in magnetism,
XV. 268.
SiLSiLis, hills, Egy-pt, vii. 783.
SiLURES, ancient Briti.sh people, XVI.
754-
Silurian Rocks, in geplpgy, x. 331;
XVIL 51.
SlLURlD^, family of fishes, XXII. 67.
SiLVA, Feliciano de, Spanish romancist,
XX. 655.
, Jean Baptiste, French physician,
XX. 176.
, Ruy Gomez de, Spanish minister,
XVIII. 744.
SiLVyE, Statius's poems, xxil. 467.
SiLVANECTES (Senlis), Roman station,
France, xxi. 664.
SiLVANUS, Italian divinity, xxn. 69.
Silver, metal, xxn. 69 ; xvi. 382 ;
as chemical element, v. 529; cyanide
of, XX. 23; adulteration of, i. 176;
assay of, II. 727; extraction of, from
alloy with lead, xiv. 376; mines in
Austria, III. 120; in Bolivia, IV. 13; in
Chili, V. 622 ; of Laureium, Greece,
III. 59; in Mexico, XVL 216; xxiv.
761; in New South Wales, xvn. 409;
of Nertchinsk, Siberia, xvn. 352; in
United States, XXIII. 814; in Colorado,
U.S.A., VI. 161; in Nevada, U.S.A.,
xvn. 368; ores, XVL 58; dressing of
ores,xvL465; production, iv, 518; xvi.
467, 728 ; production in England,
vni. 229; in Peru, xviii. 675; spec-
trum of, XXII. 376; wire, XXIV. 615.
Coinage, xvi. 482, 723; xxii.
71; in relation to exchange, viII. 790;
comparative value of silver and gold,
XVL 731, 735; xxn. 73.
Silver-Eve, bird, xxiv. 824.
SlLV£R-FlR, tree, IX. 224.
SiLVER-F:sH, insect, xin. 154.
Silver Glance, mineral, xxn. 69.
Silvering, coating -with silver, xxn.
71; of mirrors, XVL 501.
Silver Ink, xiil 81.
Silverius, pope, xxn. 74; xix. 493.
Silver Lace, x. 753.
Silver Mining, xvi. 470.
Silver Pit*, depressions in North Se%
XVII. 563.
Silver Plate, xxii. 71; Roman, 11.
366; works in, XIX. 178.
Silver Reef District, Utah, U.S.A.,
XXIII. Si 5. *
Silversmiths, Roman, n. 366.
Silvester I., pope, xxn. 74.
II., pope, XXII. 74; XIX. 497; as
scholastic philosopher, XXI. 421.
■■ III., pope, xxn. 76; XIX. 498.
SilviiD/E, family of birds, XXIV. 366,
553-
SiMANCAS, town, Spain, xxn. 76.
Simba, one of the Solomon Islands,
South Pacific, xxn. 252.
Simbirsk, government, Russia, XXll.
76; town, XXII. 77.
Simeon, son of Jacob, xxn. 77.
, Israelitish tribe, Xlll. 400.
, grand-duke of Russia, XXI. 9!.
of Beth Arsham, Syriac -writer,
xxn. 832.
of Durham, English historian, xxn.
811.
BAR Tabbakhe, Syriac ■nTiter,
xxn. 844.
— Karkhaya, Syriac writer, xxn.
838.
Kukaya, Syriac writer, XXII. 832.
SflANKELAWi, Syriac -BTiter, XXII.
852.
StVLITES, Syrian monk, XVI. 701 ;
XXIL 830; temple of, II. 132.
Simferopol, or Sympheropol, town,
Ri^sia, xxn. 77; vi. 586.
406
S I M — S I P
SiMIA, genus of apes, li. 149.
SiMlANG, ape of Sumatra, xxii. 640.
SlMIlD^ group of apes, XV. 444.
Similarity, as ground of association,
IL 733; mental perception of, XX. 80.
Simla, district, India, xxii. 77; i. 655;
town, XXII. 78.
SIMMS, William, his dividing engine for
graduation, XI. 30.
, WUliam GUmore, American poet,
novelist, and historian, xxil. 78; I.
727.
SiMNEL, Lambert, English pretender,
VIII. 329; XL. 662; in Ireland, xill.
261.
Simon I.-II., Jewish high priests, xiii.
420.
, Abraham, English medallist, xxil.
82.
, John, on pathology, xvill. 362.
, Richard, French Biblical critic,
XXII. 82.
, Thomas, English medallist, XXII.
83.
BEN YocHi, author of the Book of
Zohar, Xlll. 814.
DE Brion (Pope Martin IV.), xv.
582.
DE Montfort; crusader, xvi. 787;
IX. 541; xxii. 322.
DE Montfort, political leader,
xvL 787; VIII. 310; XI. 658; XVIII.
304-
Maccab^eus, Jewish high priest,
XIII. 423.
Magus, xxu. 78; x. 702.
Peter, the apostle, xvill. 693.
See Peter.
SiMONDE, Jean Charles L. de (Sismondi),
Genevese historian and political writer,
XXII. 99.
SiMONE DA Pesaro (Simone Cantarini),
Italian painter, v. 28.
SiMONiA (Zannone), one of the Pontian
Islands, Italy, XIX. 460.
SiMONlANiSM, ancient heresy, xxil.
80.
SiMONlCH, Count, Bussian envoy to
Persia, xvill. 650.
SiMONiDES of Amorgos, Greek poet,
XXII. 83; xxi. 318.
— ^otCeos, Greek poet, XXIL Si' XI.
139-
Simons, Menno, founder nf the Men-
nonites, xvi. 11.
Simony, in chiu-ch law, xxu. 84.
SiMOOM, or Simoon, wind of Arabia, II.
239; VII. 703.
SIMPLICIUS, pope, XXII. 86; XIX. 492.
— ■ — of Cilicia, Neoplatonist, xxil. 86.
SiMPLON, French denartment of the
(1810), XXIV. 32.
Simpson, Sir James Young, Scottish
physician, xxil. 86; on acupressure,
I. 133; his use of anjesthetics in mid-
wifery, I. 789; on the origin of disease-
pecies, xvi 11. }od
Simpson, Thomas, English mathema-
tician, XXII. 86.
, Thomas, Arctic explorer, XIX. 320.
Simrock, Karl, German poet, xxii.
87.
SiMSON, David, Scottish painter, xxil.
88.
, George, Scottish painter, xxil. 88.
, Robert, Scottish mathematician,
XXII. 87; on porisms, xix. 520.
, William, ■ Scottish painter, xxil.
88
Sims Torpedo, xxiii. 451.
SiMULlUM, genus of insects, XVI. 866.
Si Musir, island, Kuriles, Asia, xiv.
160.
Sin, St Paul's doctrine of, xviii. 424;
Liguorian doctrine, XI v. 637 ; Pelagian
doctrine, XVIII. 472; original, XIX.
669.
, Assyrian moon-god, xxill. 237;
XXIV. 741.
SiN/E (China), in Ptolemy's geography,
V. 626; XX. 9J.
Sinai, peninsula, Arabia,' XXII. 88; 11.
236; Stanley's work on, XXII. 451.
SiNAITICUS CODEX, MS. of the Scrip-
tures, XVIIL 147; discovery of, XXIII.
409.
SiNALOA, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
SinamrU, fabulous bird, XX. 611.
SiNAN Pasha, Ottoman writer, XXIII.
656.
Sinclair, Catherine, Scottish novelist,
XXII. 90.
, D., his automatic telephonic ex-
changes, XXIII. 134.
, Sir George, Scottish writer and
politician, XXII. 90.
, Hannah, Scottish writer, XXII. 90.
, Sir John, Scottish writer, xxil.
89.
, John, ajchdeacon and writer, xxil.
90.
, Oliver, favourite of James V. of
Scotland, xxi. 499.
SiND, province, India, XXII. 90; con-
quest of, by Britain, xil. 808; xvii.
176; policy of EUenborough towards,
viiL 147.
Frontier, Upper, district, India,
xxiii. 859.
SiNDHiA, or Scindhia, maharaja of
GwaUor, India, XL 345; xiL 804;
Wellington's war with, xxiv. 494.
SiNDHi Language, xi. 840; diction-
aries of, VII. 191.
SiNDIS, people, India, XXII. 91.
SiND Sagar Doab, district, India,
XVIL 113; XX. 107.
Sine, in trigonometry, xxill. 563.
Sinepuxent Bay, Maryland, U.S.A.,
XV. 602.
SiNEUS, Russian chief, xxi. 87.
SiNFONiA, in music, xvii. 87.
Singapore, British dependency, Ma-
lacca Straits, XXIL 92, 586; its exemp-
tion, from malaria, xv. 319; Rafflerflj
library at, xiv. 534.
SiNGBHUM, or Singboom, district, India,
XXII. 94.
Singeing, of cloth, iii. 814.
Singer, Isaac Merritt, improver of
sewing machine, xxi. 719.
Singhalese Language and i-itera-
TURE, v. 366; dictionaries of lan-
guage, viL 191.
Singhara, homed water-nut of Kash-
mir, XIV. II.
Singing, xx. 273. See also article
Music.
Singleton, Captain, Defoe'^ book, vil
28.
SiNGO, province, Uganda, Africa, XXIII.
717-
SiNGPHOS, hUl tribe, Assam, India, lu
721.
SiNGSPlEL, German comic opera; xvii.
99.
Sinhalese Language and Litera-
ture, V. 366; dictionaries of language,
VII. igr.
Sinibuldi, Guittoncino de' (Cino d»
Pistoia), Italian jurist and poet, v.
786.
SiNiGAGLiA, town, Italy, xxil. 94.
Sinigrin, principle in mustard, xvil.
112.
SiNIM, of Scripture, v. 626.
SiNiS, of Greek legend, XXIII. 294.
SINJAR, Seljuk ruler, XXL 635.
SINJIBU, Tartar prince, XXIII. 659.
SiNKARAH, lake, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
SINKIL, to\vn, Sumatra, XXII. .639.
SINKING Fund, for national debts,
XVII. 245.
Sinner, M. de, Swiss philologist, his
relations with Leopardi, XIV. 465.
SiNOPE, town, Asiatic Turkey, xxii. 94;
XIX. 459; as Greek town, xviil. 227,
850.
Sins, The Seven Deadly, viii. 592.
Sinter, mineral, xvi. 390.
SiNUB (Sinope), town, Asiatic Turk^,
XXII. 94.
SiNUESSA, Italy, Synod of (303), xv.
532.
SiNUPALLlA, suborder of Mollusca, xvi.
685.
Sinus ABRAHiE, limbua patrum, xit.
646.
SlON, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 31 ;
organ at, XVIL 837.
SlORAj, district, India, xiv. 154.
SlOUX, American Indians, XII. 827, 831.
City, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xxii. 95.
SlPAHI (Sepoy), native Indian soldiei,
XXI. 666; II. 590, 591; XII. 809.
Sipan-Dagh, mountain, Armenia, XXIT.
53-
SiPHANTO, Sipheno, or Siphno, islantl,
Greek Archipelago, XXII. 95.
SiPHERE, piece of Mishnic liteiatuie,
XVI. 507.
S I t^ — S K I
407
SiPHNEUSj'genus of lodent mammals,
XT. 419.
Siphon, hydraulic apparatus, Xxii. 95.
Flush Tank, Field's, xxi. 714.
SiPHONOCHLAMYDA, Suborder of Mol-
lasca, XVI. 649.
SiPHONOPHORA, order of Hydrozoa,
XII. 564.
, genua of Myriapoda, XVll. 1 1 8.
GranaRI.4, wheat pest, XXIV. 535.
SlPHONOPODA, branch of Mollusca, xvi.
666.
SiPHoi* ' Recorder, ia felegraphy,
xxni. 124.
SiPHRO, piece of Mishnil literature,
XVI. 507.
SiPONTUM (ilanfredonia), ancient town,
Italy, XV. 479.
SiPPADE, Pierre de la, French romancist,
XX. 658.
SiPUNCULOlDEA, class of Polyioa, xix.
430.
SiPVLUS, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 98;
XVII. 513; xxiii. 48; conneiion of
Kiobe with, xvii. 513.
Sir, title, xxiii. 417.
SiRACHiDES (Jesus, soiiof Sirach), XIII.
672.
SiR-MGANj, town, India, XXll. 95.
Siraj-ud-Daula, Bengali ruler, vi. 10;
XII. 801.
SiRANG (Ceram), island, Indian Archi-
pelago, v. 344.
SiRANi, people of Bachian, Indian
Archipelago, III. 197.
Sir Daria, or Syr-Daria (q.v.), river.
Central Asia, XXII. S18.
SiRE-AA, river, Norway, xvil. 575.
SiREDON. amphibian, xxil. 96; l. 760,
763
Siren, dmnhibian, xxii. 97; skull of,
I-758- -
, fecial monstrosity, xvi. 764.
-; — , sound-producing _ iostrunient,
109; xvii. 104.
SlRENI.\, order of Mammalia, XY. 3S9.
Sirens, of Greek mythology, xxii.
97.
SlRGUJ.\, State, India, V. 768.
Siricius, pope, XXII. 98; XIX. 491.
SiRlPUL, province, Afghanistan, I. 243.
SiRis, river and town, Lucania, Italy,
XV. 37.
—^- Bronzes, ancient Greek work,
XVI. 73.'
SiRMiUM (MitrovicJ.ancieAt town. Lower
Pannonia, XVIII. 213.
SiRMUR, state, Punjab, India, XXII.
98.
Sirocco Dust, in the atmosphere, x.
266.
SlROHl, state, India, XXII. 98; XX. 260;
to\vn, XXII. 98.
SiROS (Seres), tows, Turkej in Europe,
XXI. 675.
SiRRHiC (Seres), emcient town, Turkey,
XXI. 675,
SiRSA, district and town, India, XX T I.
98.'
SiRUMALAlS, hills, India, XV. 192.
Sis.\PON (Almaden), ancient town, Spain,
I. 589.
Sisci.\ (Sziszek), ancient town, Upper
Pannonia, xvni. 213.
Siskin, bird, xxii. 99.
SisiiONDi, Jeau Chai-les Leonard de,
Genevese historian and political writer,
XXII. 99, 799; as political economist,
XIX. 3S3.
Sisserskite, mineral, XVI. 383.
SiSTAN, province, Persia, XXII. lOO;
XVIII. 62S; lake, XVIII. 620.
Mission, to Persia, xviii. 653.
Sisters of Charity, nuns, xvi. 713.
SiSTOVA, town, Bulgaria, xxil. loi. ^
Sistrum, Egj'ptian rattle, used -in
worship, XXII. 102.
Sisyphus, 6t Greek mythology, xxii.
102.
SiTABALDi, suburb of Nagpur, India,
XVII. 164.
SiTALCES, Thracian king, XXIII. 3»8.
Sitapur, district, India, XXII. 102.
SiTHONIA, Mount, Macedonia, XV. 138.
SITIFIS (Setif), to-\vn, Mauretania,
North Africa, XV. 637.
SiTKA, tovm, Alaska, I. 444.
SiTOUNG (Tsit-toung), river, Burmah,
XXI. 849; XXIII. 486..
Sl-TSANG, region, Tibet, XXIII. 33S..
SiTTA, genus of birds, XVII. 665.
SiTTANG (Tsit-toung), river, Burmah,
XXI. 849; XXIII. 486.
Sitten (Sion), town, Switzerland, XXIV.
31-
SiTTlNGBOURNE, tovm, England, xxil.
102.
SlUT, or Asioot, town. Upper Egypt,
xxii. 103; VII. 775.
SIV.1, Hindu deity, iv. 207; viii. 126;
worship of, among Mahrattas, xv.
290.
SiVAGANGA, tovra, India, xv. 192.
SIVAGIRI, town, India, XXIII. 405.
SiVAITES, tribe, India, XV. 185.
Siv.\jl, Mahratta emperor, India, XII.
795, 803; XV. 291.
SiVAKASi, to\\-n, India, xxiii. 405.
SiVAS, to-\vn, Turkey in Asia, XXII. 103;
pro\'ince, xxiii. 653.
SiVAVAKVAM, Tamo poems, XXIII. 44.
SiVERTSON, Sylvester, Norwegian poet,
XVII. 591.
SnvA, oasis, Africa, xvii. 695.
SiWALiK Hills, India, xi. 824, 827;
XXL T 5 1.
SlWARD, the Strong, Northumbrian
earl, XVII. 571.
SlWAS, town, Turkey in Asia, XXII. 103.
Six Men's Song, early musical piece,
XVII. 83.
SixTiNE Chapel, Borne, Michelangelo's
works in, XVL 231.
SlXTUS 1.-111., popes, XXII. 103.
SIXTUS IV., pope, XXIL 103; XIX. 5«J
x.x. 806.
v., pope, XXIL io4j XIX. 504.
SiZEBOLl (ApoUouia), to-s\-n, Turkey a
Europe, IL 1S6.
SJjELLAnd, island, Denmark, xxrv.
771-
SjoBERG, Erik, Swedish jxret, XXJi.
757-
Skadar (Scutari), town, Albania, XXl.
573-
Skagen, or Scaw, cape, Denmark, viL
80.
Skagerack, or Skagerrack, channel,
North Sea, XVII. 563; XXII. 737.
Skallagrimson, EgiU, Icelandl*
\vriter, XXL 368.
Sk.\ndamalia, sacred hUl, India, snr.
192.
Skane, district, Sweden, xxil. 737
Skar.\borg, coimty, Sweden, xxil.
741.
Skardo, to^\'n, Tibet, x\v. 198.
Skarga, Peter, Polish writer, XIX. 301.
SkarGaRD, Skargaaid, or Skjffirgaartl,
island belt, Norway and Sweden, XVB,
576; XXIL 737.
SK.4.TE, fish, XX. 299.
Skating, on ice, xxil. 104.
Skavronska, Martha, mfe of Peter tli«
Great of Bussia, xviii. 697; xxi. 97.
Skeat, Walter William, on alliteratiw
verse, I. 586.
Skeleton, xxii. 105; of man, I. 820J
of Amphibia, I. 751; of aj^es, IL 157J
of birds, IIL 700; of fishes, XII. 640;
of mammals, XV. 355; of reptiles, X3*.
446; of sponges, XXiL 416.
Skellings, islands, Ireland, XIII, 21041
Skelton, John, English scholar and
poet, XXIL 119; VIII. 415.
Skene, Loch, Scotland, XXL 526.
, WUliam Forbes, on Welsh Uteres
ture, V. 316.
Skerrvvore Lighthouse, Scotkdl,
XIV. 616.
Sketch Dr.^wing, vii. 451.
Sketches by Boz, Dickens's work, TB^
174.
Skew Arch, in bridges, if. 330.
Skew-Bevel Wheels, xv. 756.
Skew-Symmetry, in mathematics, xnt.
797-
Skiddaw, moimtain, England, VI. 69/.
Skiddy, bird, xx. 223.
Skien Ely, river, Norway, XVll. 57^,
Skiernewice, town, Eussian Poland
XXIV. 375.
Skiff, boat, xxL 31.
Skimmer, bird, xxii. 120.
Skin, Anatomy of the, i. 897; eSett
of bathing on. III. 439; cancer ol,
xviii. 382; colour of, as indication ol
race, II. iii; ingrafting of, XXIIL 21;
formation of, on scars, XVIII. 366(1
sense of touch in, XXIII. 4S0.
Bottles, iv. 167.
408
S K I — S M E
Skin Diseases, xxii. 120; due to
parasites, xvilk 269 ; a^ result of
vaccination, XXIV. 26.
Skink, lizard, XIV. 735.
Skinner, John, Scottish clergyman
and song- writer, XXil. 1 24.
Skins, furs, ix. 836, 837; for tanning,
XIV. 380, 384,
Skip, mining box, xvi. 456.
Skipetars, or Albanians, people of
firefece, XI. 83.
Skipton, town, England, xxu. 124.
Skirret, vegetable, xil. 288.
Skittles, game, xxii. 125..
Skivers, variety of leather, xiv. 388.
SkJ,«RGAARD, or Skargard, island belt,
Norway and Sweden, xvil. 576; xxii.
737-
Skoda, Joseph, German physician, xv.
817.
Skogso, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
Skopin, town, Russia, XXI. 116.
Skoplie, toB-n, Turkey, xxiv. 17.
Skopzi, Russian sect, vili. 667.
Skua, bird, xxii. 125.
Skull, or Cranial Skeleton, xxii. 113;
XXI v. 181 ; Okeu's vertebral theory
of, XVII. 751; anatomy of, in man, I.
822; its shape as indication of race,
IL III; of Amphibia, I. 753; of apes,
n. 157; of birds. III. 700; of fishes,
XH. 641 ; of mammals, xv. 355; of
reptiles, xx. 449.
Skunk, carnivorous mammal, XXII.
125; XV. 439; skins of, IX. 839.
Skupshtina, Servian legislature, xxi.
687.
Skutterudite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Skvira, town, Russia,xxii. 126; xiv.69.
Sky, Worship of the, xvii. 138, 153;
XXIV. 782.
Skve, island, Scotland, xxil. 127.
Skylark, bird, xiv. 314.
Sky-Rocket, in pyroteehny, xx. 136.
Sladek, Joseph v., Bohemian poet,
XXII. 152.
Slag, of ores, XVI. 62; of iron, Xlil. 292,
307-
Slagelse, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
Slander, in law, xiv. 505.
Slate, argUlaceous rock, xxii. 127;
X. 238; strength of, XXII. 603; quar-
ries, XVL 454; XXIL 128.
Slater-Work, in building, iv. 500.
Slate-Spar, mineral, xvi. 397.
Slavansk, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
Slave Coast, West Africa, i. 269.
Slavery, xxii. 129; in relation to
labour, xiv. 165; of Negroes, XVII.
319; ancient, XIX. 348; in Barbados,
III. 361; in Ireland and Scotland, v.
800; in Siam, xxi. 852; in United
States, xxill. 747, 752, 757, 763, 769,
7S1, 821; Jefferson's opposition to,
xin. 615.
, Abolition of, by European and
American states, XXII. 141; by Eng-
land, vin. 365; in Jamaica, Xlll. 551;
Clarkson on, v. 813; Garrison's advo-
cacy of, X. 85; Wilberforce's part in,
XXIV. 565.
Slaves, xxii. 129; torture of, xxiil.
462; emancipation of, in Jamaica, XIII.
551; colony of freed, in Sierra Leone,
West Africa, xxil. 45.
Slave Trade, xxii. 137; American, as
affected by treaty of Utrecht, XXIII.
734 ; Clarkson on, v. 813.
Slavonia, with Croatia, crown-land,
Hungary, VL 591.
Slavonians, race of people, Europe,
xxii. 145; in Russia, XXI. 78.
Slavonic Languages, xviii. 785 ;
XXIL 147; dictionaries of, vn. iSS.
Slavonic Literature, xxii. 149.
Slavs, European peoples, xxii. 145;
XIX. 285; in Germany, x. 480.
Slavyansk, town, Russia, xxil. 154.
Sledge, Eskimo, viii. 545.
Hammer, xi. 425; xvi. 445.
Sledge-Travelling, in Arctic ex-
plorations, XIX. 322.
Sleep, xxh. 154; dreaming in, vii.
452; hypnotic, XV. 278; of Endymion,
in Greek mythology, VIII. 205.
Sleepers, Railway, xx. 242.
Sleeplessness, xxii. 157.
SleidaNUS, John, German annalist of
the Reformation, XXII. 1 58.
Sleight of Hand, xiv. 414; xv.
207.
SlESVIG (Schleswig, q.v.), XXI. 413.
, town, Prussia, xxi. 413.
Slide Mountain, Catskills, U.S.A.,
XXIIL 793.
Slide-Rest, machine, xv. 153.
Sliding Contact, in applied mech-
anics, XV. 756.
Sliema, suburb of Valetta, Malta, xv.
34°-
Slievebawn Mountains, Ireland, xx.
850.
Slieve Bloom Mountains, Ireland,
XX. 170.
Slieve Donard, mountain, Ireland,
xiiL 215.
Sligo, county and town, Ireland, XXli.
159.
Slim Mountains, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 321.
Slingsby Papers, WiUis's, xxiv. 588.
Slip, Harbour, xi. 470.
, in pottery, XIX. 601.
Slippers, xxi. 830.
Sliven, town, East Eoumelia, Turkey,
XXII. 160.
Slivno (Sliven), town. East Roumelia,
Turkey, XXII. 160; department, xxi.
22.
SlivOVITZA, spirituous liquor, XVIII.
692; XXL 687.
Sloan-Duployan System, of short-
hand, XXI. 840.
Sloane, Sir Hans, Irish physician and
naturalist, xxil. 160; his bequest to
British Museum, xiv. 515.
Slobodskoi, town, Russia, XXIV. 303.
Slodtz, Bene Michel, French sculptor,
XXII. 160.
Sloe, tree and fruit, xix. 230.
Slonim, town, Russia, xxii. 161.
Sloppesbury (Shrewsbury), Saxon
town, England, XXL' 845.
Sloth, edentate- mammal, xxil. 161;
XV. 384; its relation to the megather-
ium,-XV. 829.
Bear, carnivorous mammal, xv.
442.
Slotting Machine, xv. 156.
Slouch, town, England, xxii. 162.
Slovak Language, xxii. 153; dic-
tionaries of, VII. 188.
Slovaks, Slav people, Moiavia, xvi.
811; xxil. 145.
Slovenes, Slav people, Roumania, xxi.
16; XXIL 145, 147.
Slovenish L.\ngu.'vge, xxii. 150;
dictionaries of, vil. 188.
Slowacki, Julius, Polish poet, xix.
304-
Slow-Worm, lizard, xiv. 735.
Slubbinc Frame, cotton machine, vi.
494.
Sludge, sewage product, xxi. 712.
Slug, moUusc, xvi. 646, 660; xxii.
187.
Sluter, Claux, Netherlands sculptor,
XXI. 563.
Slutsk, town, Russia, xxii. 162.
Sluys, Holland, Battle of (1340), IX.
546; XVII. 279.
Smalkald (Schmalkalden), tovm, Prus-
sia, XXI. 416; articles of (1536), vi.
564-
League (1531), v. 415; x. 498;
XV. 83; XX. 333.
Smallage, wild celery, V. 290^
Smallpox, disease, xxii. 162; xvih.
404; in relation to vaccination, x'xiv.
28; XIII. 623; quarantine- for, XX.
156.
Smaltine, mineral, vi. 81; XVI. 390.
Smalts, mineral, vi. 82.
SmaRj^gdus Medicus, of Pliny,
mineral, xv. 315.
Smart, Christopher, English poet, xxii.
164.
, John, his valuation tables, II. 74.
Smeaton, John, English civU enginaer,
XXIL 165; XIV. 616; his diving-bell,
VII. 295.
.Smectymnuus, PnritaB pamphlet, xvi.
328; IV. 652.
Smell, xxil 165; in relation to taste,
XXIII. 80; nerve of, I. 885: in bees,
III. 488; organs of, in Amphibia, 1.
768; in birds. III. 725; in Crustacea,
VL 639; in fishes, XIL 652; in mam-
mals, XV. 367; in reptiles, XX. 462.
Smellie, William, editor of ist edition
of Encyclopedia Britannica. viii. i<x>.
S M E — S O C
409
Smelt, fish, xxi. 221, 223, 225.
Smelting, of metals, xvl 58; of iron,
XIIL 291.
Smerdis, son of Cyrus, xvin. 567.
, The False, Persian king, xvin. 56S.
S^tETHWICK, to\\-n, England, XXIL 16S.
Smew, bird, xvl 35.
Smikite, mineral, xvi. 401.
Smil of Pardubitz, Bohpmian writfir,
XXIL 151.
Smilax, genus of plants, xxi. 313.
Smirke, Robert, English painter, xxii.
168.
Smith, Adam, Scottish political econo-
mist and ethical philosopher, xxil.
169; xix. 365; his maxims of taxation,
XXIIL 85; his place in English litera-
ture, VIII. 429; his Theory of Moral
Sentiments, VIIL 602.
, Albert, English humorist, XXIL
171.
, Alexander, Scottish poet, XXII. 172.
, Barnabas, stepfather of Sir Isaac
Newton, XVII. 438.
, Bernard, English organ-builder,
xvn. 837.
, Brough, on Australian geology, in.
108.
, Charles Miclue, his improvement
of the rain-gauge, XX. 257.
, C. Roach, on ancient London, xiv.
841.
, Colvin, Scottish painter, xxil. 172.
^1 Edmund, English writer, xviii.
755-
, George, on the Babylonian cos-
mogonies, vi. 446.
, Henry John Stephen, mathema-
tician, XXIL 172.
, Horace, joint-author of Rejected
Addresses, XXIL 173.
, James, joint-author of Rejected
Addresses, XXIL 173.
, James, of Deanston, his system of
draining, 1. 304, 331.
, Captain John, English traveller
and adventurer, xxil. 173; xv. 301.
, John Raphael, English painter
and mezzotint engraver, XXIL 176.
, Joseph, founder of the Mormons,
XVL 825.
, Leigh, Arctic explorer, xix. 325.
, Robert Angus, on the constituent
gases of the atmosphere, in. 35.
, Sydney, EngUsh moralist and
critic, XXIL 177.
, Sir Thomas, EngUsh scholar and
diplomatist, xxil. 178.
, 'William, English geologist, xxil.
178.
, 'WUliam, of 'Woolston, English
agriculturist, I. 314.
, William, Lollard ascetic, xiv. 811.
, 'William Henry, English moraKst,
XXIL 179.
, Sir William Sidney, English
admiral, XXii. 179.
Smithfield Market, London, xiv.
828, 845.
Smithson, Sir Hugh, Juke of North-
umberland, xviii. 523.
, Miss, Irish actress. III. 59S.
Smithsonian Institution, Washing-
ton, U.S. A, xxil 223; xxiv. 384.
Smithsonite, mineral, xvi. 39S.
Smith-Work, in building, iv. 510.
Smoke, of London, xiv. 827.
Abatement, xxil 179.
Smoking, of tobacco, xxiil. 423; pipes
for, XIX. no.
Smokv Mountains, North Carolina,
U.S.A, XVII. 559.
Sjiolen, island, Norway, xvii. 576.
Smolensk, government, Russia, XXIL
183; as principality, XXI. 89; town,
XXIL 183.
Smollett, Tobias George, Scottish
novelist, XXIL 183; as satirist, XXi.
320; his place in English literature,
VIIL 431.
Smolt, young salmon, xviil 320; XXi.
224.
Smuggling, xxil 185; in relation to
taxation, xxiil. 86.
Smyrna, town, Asia Minor, xxil 185;,
coins of, xviL 647; province, xxiii.
653.
, Epistle of the Church at, on Poly-
carp's martyrdom, Xix. 415.
Smyth's Observatory, Bedford, Eng-
land, XVIL 711.
Snaefell, mountain. Isle of Man, xv.
450.
Snail, mollusc, xxil 187; xvl 646,
660; development of the river-snail,
XVI. 638.
Snake-Bird, xxil 1S8.
Snake-Bite, Number of deatlis from,
XXII. 191.
Snake-Fly, xiil 151.
Snake Island, 'West Indies, 11. 46;
XXIV. 26r.
Snake-Nut, xvn. 664.
Snake-Poison, xxil 191.
Snake River, Oregon and 'Washington
Territr-y, U.S.A., xvn. 822; xxiv.
386.
Snake- Root, plant, xxil 189.
Snakes, order of reptiles, XXIL 1S9;
classification of, XX. 439, 445; olfac-
tory organs of, XXII. 166; reproduc-
tion of, XX. 409; Aristotle on, XX.
432.
Snake-Stone, xxil 199.
Sneek, town, Netherlands, xxil. 199.
Sneezing, abnormal form of respira-
tion, XX. 479.
Snell (Snellius), 'Willebrord, Dutch
astronomer, XXIL 199; his measurement
of arc of meridian, vii. 597; his con-
tributions to navigation, xvn. 255; on
squaring the circle, XXII. 434.
Sneyd, Honors, Major Andre's love for,
n. 19.
SniadeCKI, John, Polish philosopher,
XIX. 306.
SiNPE, bird, XXII. 200; shooting, xxr.
834-
Snob Papers, Thackeray's, xxni. 214.
Snoilsky, Count Karl, Swedish poet,
xxn. 758.
Snoring, abnormal form of respiration,
XX. 479.
Snorro Sturluson, Icelandic histo-
rian, xxn. 201; vn. 649; xn. 622,
625; XXL 368.
Snotingaham (Nottingham), ancient
town, England, xvn. 600.
Snow, in meteorology, xvl 154; geo-
logical effects of, X. 280.
Snowball Tree, xl 244.
Snowdon, mountain, Wales, V. n8.
Snowdrop, plant, xxn. 201.
Tree, ii. 320.
Snow-Gauge, Glaisher's, xx 257.
Snow-Line, vl 2; x. 280, 627; xvi.
154; of Himalayas, XL 830.
Snow-Shoes, XXII. 201.
Snuff, xxiil 426; adulteration of, i.
174.
Snyders, Franz, Flemish painter, Xxn.
202.
Soap, xxn. 202; action of water on,
xxiv. 399; scented, XVilI. 526.
Soap-Bark, xxil 204.
Soap-Bubble, Surface-tension of, v. 65.
Soap Nut, xvn. 665.
Soap Powder, xxil 204.
Soap-Tree Oil, xvii. 744.
Soar, river, England, xvn. 598.
Soba, ton-n, ancient Palestine, XlII.
405.
Sobat, affluent of Nile, Africa, xvn.
507, 508.
Sobbing, abnormal form of respiration,
XX. 479.
SOBIESKI, John III., king of Poland,
XIII. 714; XIX. 295; defeat of the
Turks by (1683), xiv. 466.
Soboles, underground st^m of plauts,
IV. 98.
SOBRANIYE, provincial assembly, Russia,
XXL 70.
SOBRAON, India, Battle of (1846), xx.
112.
Socage, land tenure, xxii. 204; xx. 305.
Soc AND Sac, Cinque Port i^ht, v.
786.
SOCCINI (Socinus, q.v.), XXIL 228.
SOCCOLANTES, Franciscan monks, IX.
699.
SOCHACZEW, town, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 375.
SocHAN, river, Central Asia, xvill. 103.
Sociable Grosbeak, bird, xxiv. 463.
SOCIAL' Democrats, German political
party, xxn. 215.
Socialism, xxil 205; vi. 211; its
economicaspects, XIX. 393; failures of,
VI. 219; in Germany, x. 513; xiv.
321; Fourier's system, ix. 489; Owen's
XXV. — 52
410
S O C — S O L
promotign of, xviii. 87; Prondhon'a
ideas, xix. 867; Rodbertu^s system,
XX. 616 ; Saint-Simon's teachings,
XXI. 197; Saint-Simonism in France,
VIII. 211; Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 569.
Socialistic Feelings, in psychology,
XX. 70.
SociETAS, in Roman law, xviii. 329.
Societies, Scientific, archa»ological, and
literary, xxn. 221; Bible, III. 649;
missionary, xvi. 515 ; tract, XXIII.
494. Sse also Guild.
Society, Robertson's drama, XX. 598.
, Royal, of London, XXI. 38.
. — - Islands, Pacific Ocean, xxiii. 22.
of Jesus, or Jesuits (q.v.), XIII. 645.
SOCINIANISM, theological doctrine, Xlll.
671.
SociNUS, or Sozinj, Fausto Paolo,
Italian theologian, XXII. 229; in
Poland, xxill. 725.
, Lelio Francesco Maria, Italian
theologian, xxil. 22S.
Sociology, science of the development
of society, Vlll. 619; xviii. 796; Xix.
347; Comte's conceptions of, VI. 235;
in relation to statistics, xxil. 464;
societies, xxii. 226.
Socorro, town, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
XXIL 231.
SocoTRA, island, Indian Ocean, xxil.
231; I. 272.
Socrates, Greek philosopher, xxil.
231; his views of the beautiful, I. 215;
his ethical teaching, VIII. 577 ; his
logic, Xiv. 784; his philosophy, XVI.
81 ; in relation to Plato, xix. 194,
19S; his relation to scepticism, XXL
379; to the sophists, xxil 263; Xeno-
phon's Memorabilia of, xxiv. 721.
, Byzantine church historian, xxil.
238; compared with Sozomen, xxil.
292.
SOCRATICS, school of Greek philosophy,
XXIL 237, 266.
'Soda, sodium oxide, XXII. 240; salts
of, XVIII. 92; nitrate of, xvii. 517;
deposits of nitrate in Peru, XVlll. 675;
as manure, XV. 509.
, Washing, XXII. 243.
Soda-Alum, i. 645.
Sodalite, mineral, xvi. 412.
Soda-Mica, mineral, xvi. 413.
Soden, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
, Julias voii, German economist,
XIX. 3S7.
SODERINI, Piero, gonfalonier, Florence,
XV. 147; XIX. 121.
SoDERMANLAND, county, Sweden, XXIL
741.
Sodium, chemical element, xxil 240;
V. 524; chlorate of, its enantiomor-
phism, XIX. 314; chloride, XXL 228;
cyanide of, XX. 23; sulphate of, X.
675; as plant food, xix. 49.
Sodom ancient town, Palestine, vn. 2;
XV. 8, xvilL 8ox
SODOMA, or Sodona, II (Oiannantonio
Bazzi), Italian painter, XKii. 245.
SODOR AND Man, Bishopric of, xiv.
694; XV. 453; origin of the title, XL
607.
SOEST, town, Westphalia, Prussia, XXIL
245.
SCEUR, Hubert le, French sculptor, xxi.
560.
SoFALA, to\vn. East Africa, XXII. 246;
I. 270; xviL 7.
SOFFIONI, mineral water jets, Italy,
XXIV. 399.
Sofia, town, Bulgaria, XXIL 246.
SOFIS, or Sufis, Mohammedan sect, Vll.
113; XXIL 662. See also Sufism.
SOFIYSK, town. Eastern Siberia, XV.
549-
SOFT Soap, xxii. 204.
SoGDiANA, province, ancient Persia,
xxil 246; IV. z; XVIII. loi, 583, 5S6,
592; XXIV. 781; conquest of, by
Alexander, XV. 141.
SoGNE Fjord, Norway, xvii. 576
SOHAR, town, Arabia, xxil. 246.
SOHO, Birmingham, England, manu-
factory of steam-engines at, in. 785;
IV. 172.
Soil, in agriculture, I. 306; drainage of,
I. 328; for gardens, XIL 217, 232; in
relation to manure, XV. 506; produc-
tion of, X. 265; chemistry of soils,
XIV. 567.
SoiL-PiPES, for sewage, XXL 715.
SOILS, Chemistry of, XIV. 567.
SoissONS, town, France, xxil. 247;
congress of (1727), vi. 270.
SOKEMAN, Free, Law of inheritance
from, XIX. 734.
SOKNA, town, Fezzan, Africa, IX. 130.
SOKOLNIKI, forest, Russia, xvi. 859.
SoKOTO, kingdom and town, Central
Africa, xxii. 248, 279.
SOKOTOFF, town, Russian Poland,.xxiL
37-
SOLAIMAN, Omayyad caliph, XVI. 574.
Solan Goose, bird, x. 70.
SOLANIA, vegetable alkaloid, XVII. 499.
SOLANI River, India, Aqueduct across,
II. 222.
Solano, missionary to Paraguay, xviii.
245.
Solanum, genus of plants, XVII. 499;
XIX. 593, 595.
Solar Cycle, iv. 669.
Solar Day, ii. 771.
SoLARio, Andrea, Italian painter, XXI.
437-
, Antonio, Neapolitan painter, XXll.
249.
Solar Parallax, xviii. 245.
Solar Radiation, xvi. 116.
Solar Stearin, product from lard,
XIV. 312.
Solar System, il 778; xxil 650;
nebular theory of. XVIL 310: influ-
ezse of tidal friction on,' XXIII. 380;
Herschel on its motion in space, xr
767.
Solar Tides, xxiii. 354, 365, 368.
Solar Zodiac, xxiv. 791.
SOLDAN, Mariano Felipe Paz, Peruvia*
geographer, xviii. 675.
Solder, metallic cement, xxil 24^
SOLDIER-BIRD, XIL 139.
Soldiers, Training of, xxiv. 353; dM
ior, VII. 212. See Army.
Sole, in architecture, 11. 473.
, fish, XXIL 249.
Solecism, in speech, xxii. 251.
Soleiman, Moorish caliph, in Spain
XXIL 315.
Solemn League and Covenant
(1643), in Scotland, vi. 530; XL 651
XXL 512, 513.
Solenodontid/e, family of insect*-
vorous mammals, XV. 404.
Solenoid, electromagnetic apparatn*
VIII. 71 ; solenoidal magnetization
XV. 229.
Soleure (Solothurn), canton, Switze^
land, XXIL 250, 788; town, xxil.
250.
Solferino, Italy, Battle of (1859X IH.
139; IX. 624; XIII. 490.
Soli, ancient town, Asia Minor, xxiu
250.
Solicitor, legal practitioner, xxii. 251;
hi. 62.
Solicitor-General, legal office?,
xxii. 251; IIL 63.
Solid, Solids, distinguished from
fluids, XIX. 240 ; VL 310 ; XIL
439 ; rigid, statics of a, XV. 728>
732-
Solids, in mathematics, Cubature 0^
XIIL 53; mensuration of, xvi. 22.
SOLIDUS, coin, xviL 655.
Solihull, town, England, xxiv;
379-
Solikamsk, town, Russia, xvin. 55a
Soli man, or Sulaiman, shah of Persia,
xviii. 639.
, or Suleyman, L, Turkish sultan,
xxil 251; xxilL 643J his dealings
with Persia, XVllI. 636:
II., Turkish sultan, XXIIL 645.
SOLIMOENS, or Amazon, river, Soutli
America, L 654, 674; iv. 221.
Solingen, town, Rhenish Pruasio,'
XXII. 251.
SOLINUS, Salmasius's notes on, xxk
220.
Sons, Antonio de, Spanish dramatiat
and, historian, XXII. 251.
, Juan Diaz de, explorer of Biver
Plate, IL 488; XXIV. 16.
, Virgil, Nuremberg metal-worke»,
XIX. 184.
, Rio de (River Plate),' Soulk
America, xix. 187.
Solitaire, bird of Rdunion, 111. 733'
Solitary Confinement, for prisonew,.
XIX. 753.
S O L — S O R
411
SOLMONA (Sulmona), town, Italy, xxii.
634-
SOLp, river, Java, Xlil. 601.
SOLOGNE, district, France, XIV. 809.
Solomon, king of Israel, xxii. 251;
XIII. 405.
, Proverbs of, XIX. 879.
, Psalms, or Psalter, of, apocalyptic
hymns, II. 181; on the Messiah, XVI.
55-
, Song of, or Canticlcg, v. 32.
, Temple of, 11. 392; xxili. 166.
, Wisdom of, in Apocrypha, II.
181.
of Al-Basrah, Syriac writer, XXII.
855-
Islands, South Pacific, xxil. 2C2;
XV. 835.
Solon, Athenian legislator, XXII. 253;
XI. 96; XIX. 130.
SoLOTHURN (Soleure), canton, Switzer-
land, XXIL 250, 78S; tovm, XXIL
256.
SOLOVIEFF, Sergiusj Russian historian,
XXI. 108.
SOLPUGIDEA, order of Araclinida, II.
280.
SOLTSY, to^vn, Russia, XX. 36.
Solution, physical process, vii. 217.
SOLVVTCHEGODSK, tovm, Russia, xxiv.
283.
SoLWAV Moss, England, Battle of
(1542), XXL 499.
SOLVMA, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 94.
S0LYM.\N, shah of Persia, xvill. 639.
I., Turkish sultan, XXII. 251;
XXIII. 643; his relations n-ith Persia,
xvni. 636.
II., Turkish sultan, xxill. 645.
Soma, a drink, in Brahmanical ritual,
IV. 205 ; as a deity, iv. 205 ; vil.
249.
SOMADEVA, Sanskrit tales, xxill. 27.
Somali, or Somal, people of Central
Africa, xxiL 255; i. 263; country,- I.
150, 271.
SOMATERIA, genus of birds, Vll. 789;
XIX. 252.
SOMATOTROPlsil, in Vegetable physio-
log)', XIX. 60.
SoiiBRERETE, town, Mexico, XXIV.
761.
SOMERS, Lord, lord chancellor of Eng-
land, XXIL 256.
Somerset, county, England, xxil. 257;
coalfield, Vl. 52.
, Edward Seymour, duke of, pro-
tector of England, XXll. 259; VII.
686; as aspirant to English crom-n,
VIII. 327; invasion of Scotland by,
XXI.- 500.
, Robert Carr, earl of, favourite of
James I. of .England, XXII. 260.
, Fitzroy James Henry, Lord Rag-
lan, XX. 220.
House, Loudon, n. 444; xiv.
838.
SoMERs's Islands, or Bermudas (q.v.),
III. 18, 599.
SOMERVILLE, part of Boston, Massa-
chusetts, U.S.A., XXII. 260.
, Mary, Scottish scientific writer,
XXIL 260.
Somma, Monte, precipice, Mount Vesu-
vius, Italy, XXIV. 195.
SOMMARIVA, political party, mediaeval
Italy, XIV. 768.
SOMME, department, France, XXII. 261;
river, IX. 506.
SOMMERFELD, town, Prussia, ^.xil.
261.
SOMMERING, Samuel Thomas, anato-
mist, I. 816.
SOMMERS, Will, English court jeste".
IX. 366.
Somnambulism, xv. 280; xxii. 157
SOMNATH, town, India, XXIL 261; cap-
ture of, by Mahraud (1025), xv.
287.
, or Somnauth, Gates of, at Agra,
India, X. 560; VOL 147.
SOMNIUM SciPlONis, Cicero's, com-
mented on by Macrobius, x v. 167.
SOMOROSTRO, Spain, Mines of, in. 787.
SOMPNOUR, in law, xxil. 642.
SoN.-iTA, in music, xvil. 95.
So.NDERBUND, Swiss league, XV. 40;
XXIL 795.
SONDERSHAUSEN, Schwarzburg-, princi-
pality, Germany; xxi. 461.
SONDRIO, town, Italy, xxiv. 45.
Son Fjell, mountain, Sweden, xxil.
736-
Song, of birds, HI. 770.
, in music, XVIL 84.
, in poetry, XIX. 272.
Songari, river, Siberia, I. 747.
SONGARIA (Dzungaria), region, Central
Asia, VII. 587; XXIII. 632, 639.
SONG-COI, or Song-Koi, river, Cochin
China and Tong-King, VI. 93; xxiii.
439-'
Song of Hiawatha, LongfelloVspoem,
XIV. 861.
Song of the Shirt, Hood's poem, xii.
146.
Song of Solomon, or Canticles, v. 32.
Song of Songs, or Canticles, v. 32.
Song of the Three Holy Chil-
dren, in Apocrypha, II. 181.
Songs of Innocence, by Blake, in.
805.
SONHRAY Group, of Negroes, xvil.
3I9-
Son-Kong (Mekong), river, Asia, XV.
832.
Sonne, Danish painter, vii. 94.
Sonneberg, to^vn, Germany, xxi.
34S.
SonnenfeLS, Joseph, Freiherr von,
Austrian economist, xrx. 364.
Sonnenstein, fortress, Saxony, XIX.
118.
SONNERAT, Pierre, on birds, XVllI. 7.
Sonnet, in poetry, xxii. 261 ; xix. 273.
Sonnets, Shakespeare's, XXL 764.
, Wordsworth's, XXIV. 676.
SONRHAI E.MPIRE, of Timbuktu, Cen-
tral Africa, XXIIL 391.
Sons of Liberty, American revola-
tionary organization, xxiil. 738.
Sontsos, family of modern Greek poe'j,
XI. 151.
Soo-Chow, or Soo-chow Foo, tow»,
China, v. 635; XXII. 617.
SOOR, to\vn, Arabia, n. 255.
SoOREE (Suri), town, India, III. 697.
Soot, as manure, L 352; xv. 512; «e
source of sal-ammoniac, I. 741.
Soothsayers, diviners, xix. 727; XT.
199.
Sopeng, Kingdom of, Celebes, Indiaa
Archipelago, v. 289.
Soph, En, the Deity in the Kabbalai,
xiii. 811.
Sophia, town, Bulgaria, xxii. 246.
, Roman empress, her insulting
message to Narses, xvil. 234.
, sister of Peter the Great of Russia,
XVIII. 698; XXL 96.
Dorothea, wife of George I. of
England, xxil. 263.
Sophistes, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 207.
Sophistry, in Greek philosophy, xxil
264.
Sophists, in history of Greek philo-
sophy, XXIL 263; viiL 576; XX. 5144
scepticism of, xxi. 378; PhUostratus's
Lives of the, XVIII. 797.
Sophocles, Greek dramatist, xxil 271;
viL 405; XL 140.
Sophonisba, Carthaginian heroine, XT.
609.
Sophora, genus of trees, II. 320.
Soph RON of Syracuse, Greek comedian,
XXIL 274, 16.
Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem,
XVL 758.
SOPRON (Oedenbnrg), town, Hungary,
• XVIL 730.
SOPRONIUM (Sopron), Roman town,
Hungary, xvii. 730.
SORA, town, Italy, xxil. 275.
, bird, XX. 223.
SOR.'iBi, or Sorbs (q.v.), XXI. 353.
SORANUS, anatomist of Ephesus, I. 804:
in Rome, XV. 802.
SORATH, district, India, xiv. 15.
SORAU, town, Prussia, }bciL 275.
Sorbenburg, castle at SaaUeld, Ger-
many, XXI. 122.
Sorbon, Robert de, founder of the Sor-
bonne, Paris, xvill. 288; XXII. 275.
Sorbonne, college, Paris, xxil. 275;
IX. 543; xvilL 280, 288.
Sorbs, Slavonic people, XXI. 353; XXIL
145, 147; language and literature of,
XXIL .153, 154; dictionaries of lan-
guage, VII. 188.
Sorcery, or Magic, vil 63; xv. 199;
punishment for, xxiv. 619.
412
S O K — S P A
SOREDIA, reproductive organs of lichens,
XX. 423.
Sore-Eyed Pigeon, bird, xxi. 782.
SOREL, town, Canada, XX. 167; XXI.
181.
, Agnes, mistress of Charles VII. of
France, v. 411.
SoRELLA Castle, Sora, Italy, xxii. 275.
SOREX, genus of insectivorous mam-
mals, XXI. 843; XV. 403.
Sorghum, Indian millet, vii. 564; xvi.
321; sugTJ from, XXII. 628.
SORIA, province and to^-n, Spain, XXII.
276.
SORiciDyE, family of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 403.
SORO, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
SOROPHORA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
840.
SOROPITA, Fernao Rodrigues Lobo,
Portuguese satirist, xix. 556.
SOROPLEX, genus of birds, XXIV. 652.
SORREL, vegetable, XII. 288.
SORRENTO, town, Italy, XXII. 276.
SORTILEGE, divination by the lot, VII.
293.
SOSIGENES, Alexandrian a'^tronomer,
XXII. 276.
, Peripatetic philosopher, XXII. 277.
SOSNA, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
SOSNITZA, town, Russia, XXIII. 96.
SOSS, Babylonian numeric.1l term, XVII.
626.
SOTER, Antioclms I., king of Syria, II.
133; XVIII. 5S7.
, Demetrius' I., king of Persia and
Syria, VII. 58; XIH. 422; XVIII. 590.
, Ptolemy I., king of Egypt, VII. 745.
SOTERIOLOCY, doctrine of salvation,
St Paul's, XVIII. 425, 427.
SOTIES, early French comedies, IX. 645.
SOTO, Ferdinando de, Spanish explorer,
VII. 131.
Sots, Prince des, head of French Enfans
sans Souci, IX. 645.
SouBiSE, Benjamin de Rohan, Due de.
Huguenot, XXII. 277.
, Charles de Rohan, Prince de,
French marshal, XXII. 277; IX. 589.
Souchong, tea, xxiii. 99.
Soudan, region. Central Africa, xxil.
277; Negroes of, XVII. 316; XXII.
278; slave trade in, XXII. 143.
SouiMANGA, bird, XXII. 651.
Soul, Doctrine of the, in animistic
pliilosophy, II. 55; in Indian philo-
sophy, XXI. 2S9; XVIII. 685; XXIV.
117; Buddhist, IV. 433; XVIII. 685;
Aristotle's, II. 522; Plato's, XIX. 199,
203, 209; Stoic, XXII. 563, 565; Xeno-
crates's, xxiv. 719; Zoroastrian, xxiv.
822; in Biblical psychology, xxill.
276J St Paul's, XVIII. 424, 426; in
Christian cschatology, VIII. 535; Oii-
gen's, XVII. 845; in phrenology, xviii.
843 ; materialistic and spiritualistic
theories, II. 109.
Soul, Immortality of, Kant on, Xlll. 854.
See also Immortality.
SoULOUQU^, Faustin, emperor of Hayti,
XI. 546.
Souls, Transmigration of, xvi. 806; in
Buddhist doctrine, IV. 433. See also
Metempsychosis.
Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, marshal
of France, XXII. 279.
Sound, Science of, I. 100; compared
with light, XXIV. 452; more' audible
in moLst air, I. 199; effect of mag-
netization on, XV. 270; musical, xvil.
102; notation, Sweet's, XXII. 385;
differences in quality of, VII. 593; in
relation to telephony, XXIII. 127 ;
speed of, I. 104; XXI v. 418; of voice
in speaking, xviii. 811; Weber's law
in relation to, xxiv. 471
Soundboard, of organ, xvii. 82S.
Sounding, of sea-depths, xxn. 280,
713; XVII. 268; in Pacific Ocean,
XVIII. 120.
Plates, in acoustics, i. 113.
SousA e Vasconcellos, Luis de,
count of Castel Melhor, Portuguese
statesman, XIX. 549.
SOUSLIK, rodent mammal, XV. 560.
SOUTERASI, hydraulic obelisks, at Con-
stantinople, IL 221.
South, Sir James, his observatory,
London, XVII. 711.
, Robert, English divine, XXII. 281.
African Republic, or Transv.aal.
XXIII. 516.
SOUTHAM, to^^l, England, XXIV. 379.
South America, i. 669; birds of, in.
744; cattle, V. 246; coalfields, VI. 60;
fishes, XIL 673; Indians, i. 89; rain-
fall, XVI. 153.
Southampton, town, England, xxii.
282; coimty (Hampshire), XI. 430.
, Earl of, Shakesoeare's connexion
with, XXI. 756.
South Australia, British colony,
XXII. '283; mines, XVL 471; news-
papers, XVIL 437; railways, XX. 253;
wine industry, XXIV. 61 1.
South Bend, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
XXII. 2S6.
South Carolina, State, U.S.A., xxii.
2S6; its ordinance of nullification,
xxiii. 764.
Southcott, Joanna, English mystic,
XXII. 2S9.
Southdown Sheep, i. 392.
Southend, town, England, xxil. 289.
Southerne, Thomas, Irish dramatist,
XXII. 2S9; VII. 435.
South EY, Caroline, English poetess,
XXII. 289.
, Robert, English poet, XXII. 289;
his translation of Amadis of Gaul, I.
650; his place in English literature,
VOL 433.
South Kensington Museum, London,
XIV. 837.
South Orkney, islands, Antarctit
Ocean, XVII. 407.
South Polar Region, xix. 329.
Southport, town, England, XXIL 291.
SOUTHSEA, part of Portsmouth, England,
XIX. 534.
South Sea Company, vi. 221.
South Sea Fund, English, ix. 1S3.
South Sea Islands, Christian missions
to, XVL 516.
South Shetland, islands, Antarctic
Ocean, XVII. 407.
South Shields, town, England, xxl
802.
Southwark, district of London, xiv.
821, 843; XXII. 693.
Southwell, Robert, English tract, \ III.
418.
SOUTHWOLD, to\ra, Englana, XXII. 622.
SOUVESTRE, Emile, French novelist,
XXIL 291.
SoUiiA, Madame de, French novelist,
XVI. 829.
Sovereign, Prerogatives of the, xix.
6?3-
States, Relations of, in inter-
national law, XIII. 191
Sovereignty, in relation to law, xiv.
357; titles of, XXIII. 417.
SowANS, article of food, XVII. 696.
Sow Bug, crustacean, vi. 658.
Sowerby, George, English conehologist,
XXII. 291.
, James, English botanical draughts-
man, XXII. 291.
Bridge, to^vn, England, xxii.
291.
Sowing, Implements for, I. 320.
SoziNI, or Socinus (q.v.), XXII. 228.
SOZOMEN, church historian, XXIL 291.
SOZOPOLIS (Apollonia), town, Thrace,
n. 186.
SozziNl, or Socinus (q.v.), xxii. 229.
Spa, town, Belgium, xxil. 292; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
Spaccio, Bruno's treatise, IV. 400.
Space, Knowledge of, how reached, in
psychology, XX. 54; in relation to
measurement, XV. 661; idea of, in
Locke's philosophy, XIV. 759 ; in
Hume's XII. 353 ; in Kant's, XVIII.
851.
SpadaitE, mineral, XVL 414.
Spadella, genus of worms, XXI. 148.
Spagno, Lo, Italian painter, XXII. 292.
Spagnoletto, Lo (Giuseppe de RiberaX
Spanisli jjainter, XX. 532.
Spagyrists, school of alchemists, V.
459-
Spain, x.xii. 293 (including geography
and statistics, 293 ; history, 304;
iMiguage, 346; literature, 352; with
index, 365) ; connexion of, with
Phoenicia, xviii. S06; conquest of, by
Carthaginians, XX. 748, 750; conquest
of, by the Romans, XX. 750, 780;
Iberians of, xil. 604; Qoths in, X.
S P A — S P E
413
851; ^anJal3 in, XXIV. 58; under
Sertorius, XXI. 684; conquest of, by
the Arabs, II. 258; XVI. 573, 579; the
Armada, II. 543 ; discoveries of
Columbus for, VI. 172; connexion of,
with Holland, XII. 74 ; Inquisition
in, XIII. 93; invasion of Italyby(i5oi),
XIII. 481; conquest of Mexico by,
XVI. 214; invasion of, by Napoleon I.,
XVII. 213; Peninsular War (1S0S-12),
IX. 616; revolt of Peru from, XVIII. 678;
in time of Philip II., XVIII. 744; rela-
tions with the popedom, VI. 242; XX.
324; domination over Portugal under
Philip II., Xl.x. 547 ; influence of
Renaissance' in, XX. 389; Wellington's
campaigns in, x.\IV. 495 ; ancient
agriculture of, I. 293; Arabian philo-
sophy in, II. 268; Gothic architecture,
II. 432; army, II. 613; birds, XVIII.
17 ; coalfields, VI. 58 ; coins of
(ancient), XVII. 635; coins of (modern),
XVII. 655; colonies, VI. 158; colonies
in America, I. 708 ; occupation of
Canary Islands, IV. 796; drama, IV.
660; VII. 419; forests, IX. 403; Jews
in, XIII. 685; libraries, XIV. 532, 549;
mines, XVI. 468; newspapers, XVII.
431; observatories, XVii. 713; oyster
culture, XVIII. 108; periodical litera-
ture, XVIII. 543; pottery, XIX. 622,
628; prison system, xi.x. 762; rail-
ways, XX. 251 ; weights and measures,
XXIV. 490; wine Industry, xxiv. 607.
Spain, Era of, v. 715.
Spalacid/E, family of rodent mammals,
XV. 419.
Spalacotherium, fossil mammal, xv.
376.
Spalatin, George, German humani-st
and Reformer, XXII. 365.
Spalato, town, Dalmatia, XXII. 366.
Spalding, town, England, xxii. 367
, Solomon, writer of the Book of
Mormon, XVI. 826.
, William, Scottish logician and
literary historian, XXII. 367 ; his
logic, XIV. 800.
Spallanzani, Lazaro, Italian scientist,
XXII. 367.
Span^mlv, or Anoimia (q.v.), disea-'iej
XIII. 359.
Spandau, town, Prussia, xxil. 368
Spandrel, in architecture, IL 473.
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb, bishop
of the Moravian Brethren, XXII. 368.
Spangle Galls, xii. 574.
Spaniel, dog, vii. 328.
Spanish Ballad.% Lockhart'.s xiv.
763.
Spanish Drama, iv. 660; vn. 419.
Spanish Flies, or Cantharides, v. 31;
VI. 133; XIX. 278.
Spanish Fowls, i. 401.
Spanish Grass, or Esparto, vin. 547.
Spanish Head, promontory, Isle of
Man, XV. 450.
Spanish Langv.age, xxii. 346; xiv.
340; XX. 668; dictionaries of, VII. 185.
Spanish Literature, xxii. 352; early
romances, XX. 653; Provencal, XIX.
872.
Spanish Mackerel, fish, xv. 159.
Spanish Marriages, Negotiation of
the, xxii. 346.
Spanish Pepper, vegetable, xil 280.
Spanish Student, Longfellow's poem,
XIV. ?6i.
Spanish Succession, Question of the,
viii. 352; IX. 575; XXIL 334; war of
the. III. 126; IX. 580; X. 502; XIV.
466.
Spanish Town, island. West Indies,
XXIV. 261.
Spanish Town, town, Jamaica, xiii.
550.
Spar, mineral, xvl 401, 415, 417.
Spark Recorder, in telegraphy,
XXIII. 124.
Sparling, or Spirling, fish, xxL 223.
Sparrow, bird, xxii. 369.
Sparrow-Hawk, bird, XI. 534; skull
of nestling. III. 714.
, Kestrel, bird, XIV. 54.
Spars, of ships, xxi. 153, 594.
Sparta, state, ancient Greece, xxiI.
369 ; XI. 93, 102 ; contests with the
Achxan League, XViil. 790; contests
with Megalopolis, XV. 827; relations
to the Olympian festivals, xvii. 766;
Peloponnesian War, XVIII. 533; rela-
tions with Persia, XVIII. 576; under
Cleomenes, v. 824; under Lycurgus,
XV. 95; army of, II. 560; nobdity,
XVIL 527; slaves in, XXII. 131.
Spartacus, leader of Servile War,
Rome, XXII. 371; XX. 762.
Spartanburg, town. South Carolina,
U.S.A., XXII. 288.
Sp.\rtianus, jElius, Augustanhistorian,
III. 74.
Spas, Mineral, xvi. 433.
Sp.\sm, or Cramp, VI. 543.
Spaso - MiRQjsKir Monastery, at
PskofF, Russia, XX. 36.
Spassk, town, Ryazan, Russsin, xxi.
116.
, town, TambofF, Russia, xxill. 41.
Spatha, ancient Roman sword, II. 554.
Spathose Iron Ores, xiii. 287.
Sp.\TULA, genus of birds, XXI. 842.
Spawning, of fish, ix. 244; of salmon,
XXL 224.
Speaker, of House of Commons, xviii.
3"
Speaking Automata, xv. 208.
Speaking Trumpet, xxiii. 594.
Spear Heads, Ancient, 11. 553.
Spearmint, plant, xvi. 491.
Special Pleading, in law, xix. 218.
Specle, Cost of remittance of, vili.
792.
Species, in logic and biology,- xxi i.
372; relation of, to genits, xxi v. 78;
origin of, 111. 689; viii. 749; xxiv.
76,817.
Species, Origin of, Darwin's book, in.
689; viiL 749, 764; XXIV. 77,81, 817.
Specific Gravity, xii. 536; of metal.s
table of, XVI. 66. Compare XI I. 541.
Specific Heat, xi. 576.
Spectacles, or Eye-Glasses, xxil 372;
XVI. 258.
Spectator, serial essays by Addison.
Steele, etc, I. 148; Vlll. 427; xvil.
416; XVIII. 537; XXII. 528.
Spectra, of metals, xxii. 375.
Spectre Insect, xiii. 152.
Spectres, il 207; in conjuring, xv.
207; mountain, XL 399.
Spectrometer, optical instrument,
XVII. 800.
Spectrophone, telephonic instrument,
XXIIL 130.
Spectroscope, xxii. 373; xxiv. 425;
investigation of molecules with, ill.
42.
Spectroscopic Analysis, Spectrum
Analysis, xxil 373; of the heavenly
bodies, X. 215; of the aurora, III. '93;
of comets, II. 815; of nebula;, II.. 821;
of rainband, XX. 255; of stars, IL 817;
of the sun, II. 787; XXIL 645; Fraun-
hofer's researches in, IX. 728; Pliicker's,
XIX. 230.
Spectroscopy, or Spectroscopic Ana-
lysis (q.v.), XXII. 373.
Spectrum, in optics, xiv. 592, 595,
601; colours of, VIII. 823; of star in
telescope, XXIII. 141.
Effects, in photography, xviii.
835.
Speculum, telescopic metallic mirror,
XXIII. 146; speculum metal, IV. 366.
, Majus, of Vincent of Beauvais,
XXIV. 235.
Judiciale, Durandus's work, vn.
552-
Speech, its laws and forms, xviii. 765,
769; articulate, for deaf and dumb,
VII. 8; parrot's, XVIII. 323.
Speech-Sounds, XXII. 381; xviii. 811.
Speed,- in mechanics, xv. 680; of light,
XXIV. 458; rates of, on raUways, XX.
246, 254; of ships, law of, XXL 810;
of sound, L 104; XXIV. 418; in tele-
graph signalling, XXIIL 125.
Speen, village, England, xvii. 375.
Spegel, Haquin, archbishop of Upsala,
poet, XXIL 755.
Speier (Spires, q.v.), town, Rhenish
Bavaria, xxil. 404.
Speis, alloy of nickel, XVII. 487.
Speke, John Hanning, African explorer,
XXIL 390; I. 247; X. 194.
Spektakel, town. South Africa, xvii.
168.
Speldings, dried fish, I. 44.
Spelling, Phonetic, xviii. 812.
Spelman, Sir Henry, English antiquary^
VII. 516.
414
S P E — S P I
Spelt, kind of grain, xv. 309.
Spencer, Third Earl English states-
man, XXII. 391.
, Charles, third earl of Sunderland,
English statesman, XXII. 658.
, Herbert, on mental association, II.
733; on beauty, I. 224; on develop-
ment, in embryology, XX. 422 ; on
education, VII. 678 j on evolution.
Tin. 749, 764; on evolution in the fine
arts, IX. 212; on government, XI. 9,
17; on heredity, I v. 245; his meta-
physics, XVI. 100; his theory of my-
thology, XVII. 141 ; on philosophy,
XVIII. 794; compared with Schopen-
hauer, XXI. 457.
, Honora (Mrs Sharpc), on archery,
"• 377-
, Robert, second earl of 'Sunderlana,
English statesman, xxii. 657.
Gulf, South Australia, XXII. 283.
SPENCE'S MET.^L, XIII. 281
Spener, PhUip Jakob, German Pietist,
XXIL 391; X. 532; XIX. 83.
Spennvmoor, town, England, xxii.
392-
Spenser, Edmund, English poet, xxil
392; as pastoral poet, XVIU. 345; his
place in English literature, VIII. 418.
Speotyto, genus of birds, XVIII. gi.
Speranski, Mikhail. Russian statesman,
XXI. lOI.
Sperenberg, Prussia, Artesian well at,
II. 646.
Sperjl\ceti, waxy substance from
sperm whale, xx:i. 395.
Oil, or Sperm Oil, xv. 396; xvil.
744; XXIV. 529
Wax, XVII. 744.
Sper.m.\tobl.\st, in animal develop-
ment, XX. 412.
Spermatozoa, Anatomy, physiology,
and development of, xx. 411.
Spermogones, reproductive organs of
lichens, XIV, 555.
Sperm Oil, xv. 396; xvii. 744; xxiv.
529.
Spermophilus, genus of rodent mam-
mals, XV. 560, 418.
Sperm Whale, cetacean mammal, xv.
396; XXIV. 525, 528.
Sperrin Mountains, Ireland, xxiii.
712.
Speusippus, Greek philosopher, xxil.
396; L 68.
Spey, river, Scotland, xxil. 397; vill.
129.
Speyer (Spires, q.v.), town, Rhenish
Bavaria, xxii. 404.
Spezi.\, town, Italy, xxil. 397.
Sphacelo.ma Ampelinum,- vine fun-
gus, XXIV. 240.
Sphacteria (Sphagia), island, Greece,
XVU. 249; XVL 52; defeat of Lace-
dzemonians at (425 B.C.), v. 825.
^hjeria (Poros), island, Greece, XIX.
521.
Sphagla, island, Greece, xvil. 249.
SPHAGNACEit, class of mosses, XVII. 73.
Sphagnum, genus of mosses, xvu. 70,71.
Sphakiots, people of Greece, XL 121.
Sphargis, genus of chelonian reptiles,
XX. 446, 449; XXIIL 457.
Sphecotheres, genus of birds, xvil
844.
Sphene, mineral, xvL 425.
Spheniscus, genus of birds, XVIIL 492.
Sphe.noid Crystals, xvi. 360.
Sphere, Mensuration of the, XVL 25;
Archimedes on the, II. 380.
, Hollow, Strength of, xxil. 606.
SphericalTrigonometry, xxiii. 565.
Spherics, Theodosius's work, xxiii.
260.
Spheroid, Mensuration of a, xvl 26;
x. 168.
Spherometer, instrument, xxil. 397.
Sphinx, of Egyptian and Greek mytho-
logy, XXII. 398; Egj-ptian, II. 387;
VIL 772; Greek, XVII. 730.
Sphygmograph, register of flight, IX.
3"-
, pulse measurer, xxiv. 97, 103.
Spice Islands, Indian Archipelago,
XVI. 696.
Spices, Adulterations of, I. 172.
Spicules, of sponges, xxii. 416.
Spider-Monkeys, il 153.
Spiders, arachnids, 11. 290; red, n. 276;
XVI. 529; wolf, XXIII. 60.
Spider Webs, il. 295; used in micro-
meters, XVI. 243, 248.
Spiegeleisen, manganiferous iron,
xiii. 281, 350.
Spieghel, Hendrick Laurenssen, Dutch
writer, XII. 93.
Spielberg, Moravia, Castle of, iv. 399.
Spielh.\gen, Frederick, German writer,
X. 543.
Spieltrieb, Schiller's theory of the, IX.
199.
Spikenard, perfume, xxii. 398 ; as
incense, XII. 718.
Spinach, vegetable, xii. 288, 285.
Spinal Cord, Anatomy of the, I. 865,
867; physiology of, XIX. 34; diseases
of, IL 827; XVIL 115; XVIII. 256,
392; in Vertebrata, xxiv. 178.
Spindle, spinning apparatus, xiv. 664;
XXIV. 730.
Tree, ii. 320; oil from, xvil. 744.
Spine, in skeleton of Vertebrata, xxii.
no; xxiv. 178; anatomy of, in man,
J. 820; curvature of, its treatment,
XXIL 692.
Spinel, mineral, xvi. 3S6; xxi. 48.
Spinello, Matteo, Italian writer, xiil.
501.
Aretino, Italian painter, xxil.
399-
Spinet, musical instrument, xix. 67.
Spinning, of textiles, xxiv. 730.
Jenny, Invention of the, IL 541;
vi. 49a
Spinning Organs, in spiders, 11. 295.
SPINNING-WHEEL, xxiv. 730 ; XIV.
664.
Spinola, Ambrogio, Marchese di,
Italian general, xxil. 399.
Spinoza, Baruch, Dutch-Jewish philo-
sopher, XXII. 399; his development
of Cartesianism, v. 152; on evolution,
VIIL 748, 759; his testimony to Jesus
Christ, XIIL 669; on the nationality
of the Jews, XIIL 431; on the Penta-
teuch, XVIII. 505; Jacobi's letters on,
XIIL 537.
Spirals, Archimedes on, II. 380.
Spirding See, lake, Prussia, XX. 19.
Spire, in architecture, 11. 473; iv. 475.
Spires, town, Rhenish Bavaria, XXIL
404; diet of (1526), XV. So; XX. 329;
Melanchthon at diet, XV. 834; diet of
(1529), XV. 80; edicts of, X. 498; obser-
vatoiy at, XVII. 713.
Spirialis, genus of MoUusca, xvi. 665.
Spiriferid^ family of Brachiopoda,
IV. 195.
Spirillum, minute vegetable organism,
XXI. 399; its presence in relapsing
fever, XXIII. 680.
Spirit Circles, spiritualistic gather-
ings, XV. 204; XXII. 405.
Spirit Colours, for calico printing,
IV. 693.
Spirit Fresco, in wall decorations,
XVII. 47.
Spiritism, or Animism, primitive re-
Ugion, IL 55; XX. 367.
Spirit-Level, xxii. 718, ^20.
Spirit Mediums, xv. 204; xxil 405.
Spirit-Rapping, II. 207 ; VII. 64 ;
XXIL 405.
Spirit Reading and Writing, con-
juring tricks, XV. 208.
Spirits, notions of their existence, 11.
202.
, Alcoholic, Adulteration of, I. 173;
defuselatiou of, IX. 853; distillation of,
VII. 264; hydrometers for, XII. 538.
, Animal and vital, in ancient philo-
sophy, XIX. 10; XXIV. 95.
Spiritual Exercises, Jesuit manual,
XIIL 645.
Spiritualism, Modern, xxii. 404; il
207; alleged, of Socrates, XXII. 233.
Spiritualistic Theory, of man's
nature, II. 109. See SouL
Spirituous Liquors, Percentagei of
alcohol in, I. 470.
Spirit Worship, in relation to mytho-
logy, XVIL 145.
Spiro.meter, for measuring air from
the lungs, xx. 477.
Spirorbis, genus of AnneUda, II. 68.
Spitalfields, district of London, XIV.
847.
Refugees, friendly society, ix.
7S1.
Spitskop, mountain. South Africa,
XXIIL 517.
S P I — S T A
41»,
SriTTA, Karl Joliann PhUipp, German
hymns by, Xll. 588.
Spittal, town, England, III. 610.
SPrrxLER, Ludwig Timotheus, German
historian, X. 543.
Spitzberg, mountain, Gennany, vill.
533-
Spitzbergen, islands, Arctic Sea, XXll.
407; XVII. 593; XIX. 317; exploration
of, X. 196; seal fisheries of, XXI. 582;
whale fishery, XXIV. 527.
Spix, Johann Baptist von, German natur-
alist, XV. 586; on Brazilian fishes, I.
275-
Spleen, of mammals, xv. 365; in man,
diseases of, xv. 317; xvill. 376; sur-
gical treatment of, xxil. 691.
, disease, XII. 598.
Splendid Shilling, The, John Philips's
poem, xviii. 754.
Splenic Apoplexy, cattle disease,
xviL 58.
Splicing, of ropes, XXI. 592; seamen's
splices, XXI. 590.
Splint- Bone, of the leg, I. 829.
Spodumene, mineral, xiv. 697; xvi.
416.
Spohr, Ludwig, German violinist and
composer, XXII. 410; as symphonist,
XVII. 97.
fcOKANE, river, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXIV. 386.
Falls, town, Washington Ter-
ritory, U.S.A., XXIV. 387.
Spoleto, town, Italy, xxil. 412; aque-
duct near, II. 221.
Spondylus, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
693-
Sponges, XXII. 412; xix.859;'histology
of, XII. 6; skeletal structures of, XXIL
106; distribution of, Vll. 277, 283.
SrONGY Metal, carbonized iron, xili.
336.
Sponheim, Prussia, Library of, XIV.
514.
Sponsor, in law, xxii. 429.
Spontaneity, Bain's doctrine of, xx.
43-
Spontaneous Generation, i. 49;
XIV. 232, 411.
Spontini, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico,
Italian composer, xxil. 429.
Spool, of thread, VI. 502.
Spoonbill, bird, xxil 430; xxi. 842.,
Spoons, Wooden, Manufacture of, in.
697.
Sporades, islands, Greek Archipelago,
xxil 431; coins of, XVII. 644.
Sporangia, reproductive organs in
plants, XX. 424; of ferns, ix. 104.
Spores, reproductive organs in plants,
L 508; IX. loi; XX. 423; of Schizo-
mycetes, xxi. 402.
Sporogonium, or Sporophore, in plant
reproduction, IX. loO; xvii. 65; xx.
43a
Sporozoa, class of Protozoa, xix. 852.
Sports, The Book of, King James L'e,
XXII. 431.
Spotswood, or Spotiswood, John,
archbishop of St Andrews, xxit.
431-
Spottiswoode, William, English
mathematician and physicist, xxil.
431-
Sprain, bodily injury, xxil. 652, 685.
Sprat, fish, xxn. 432; xii. 694; as
whitebait, xxi v. 550; fishery, IX.
255.
Sprat-Loon, bird, xv. 2.
Spree, river, Germany, ill. 593.
Spreewald, district, Germany, X. 449.
Spremberg, town, Prussia, xxil. 432.
Sprengel, Carl, on the potato, xix.
594-
, Kurt, German botanist and
physician, xxil. 432.
Sprengel's Air-Pump, xvi. 31.
Spring, see article Elasticity; of watch,
XXIV. 394.
and Autumn Annals, Chinese
tvork, V. 661.
Spring-Balance, in. 261.
Springbok, antelope, 11. loi.
Springbokfontein, town, Namaqua-
land. South Africa, xvil. 16S.
Spring Clocks, vi. 24.
Springer, in architecture, 11. 473.
Springett, Gulielma, wife of William
Perm, xviii. 494.
Springfield, town, Illinois, U.S.A.,
XXIL 432.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., XXli.
433-
, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XXII. 433.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xXll. 433.
Springing Beetle, vl 132.
Spring Lake, towa. New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 397.
Springs, of water, x. 223, 270; xxrv.
403; mineral springs, xvi. 431; XXI V.
399-
Spring Tide, xxin. 353.
SPRir r.'NG in running, XXI. 61.
Sprosse", hird, xvn. 499.
Spruce, tree, ix. 222; 11. 316, 320; of
United States, XXIII. 809.
Spun Silk, xxii. 62.
Spurge-Laurel, plant, xiv. 349.
Spurred Rye, or Ergot, viil 521; ix.
834.
Spurs, Day of the, battle (1302) near
Courtrai, Belgium, ix. 544.
Spurzheim, Johann Kaspar, phreno-
logist, XXIL 433; xviii. 844; X. 37.
Spuyten Duyvil Creek, New York,
U.S.A., XVII. 457.
Spuzh, tovra, Montenegro, XVI. 781.
Spyes de Orthenberg, early German
printer, xxill. 685.
SqualodontiD/E, . family of fossil
Cetacea, xv. 397.
Squarcione, Francereo, Italian painter,
XV. 501.
Square, Magic, xv. 213.
Root, in algebra, L 528 ; i«
arithmetic, 11. 532.
Squares, Tables of, xxiii. 8.
Squaring of the Circle, xxil 433.
Squash, gourd, xi. 4.
SquataROLA, genus of birds, XIX. 227.
Squeezers, in iron manufacture, xiii.
327-
Squib, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
Squid, cuttle-fish, xxi. 609.
Squill, medicinal plant, xxii. 437.
Squillaci, Count, minister of Charle*
III. of Spain, xxil. 341.
Squint, in architecture, 11. 473.
Squinting, ocular defect, xvn. 785;
spectacles for, XXII. 372.
Squire, in feudal times, xiv. 117.
Squirrel, rodent mammal, xxil. 437;
XV. 418; skins of, IX. 839.
Squirting Cucumber, vii. 825.
Sravasti, ancient town, India, XVlll.
73-
Sridhara Dasa, compiler of anthology
of Sanskrit poetry, xxi. 286.
Srinagar, town, Kashmir, xiv. 11.
Srirangam (Seringham), town, India,
XXII. 438.
Srirangapatam (Seringapatam), to-wn,
India, xxi. 682.
Srivilliputur, town, India, xxiii. 405.
Srong-btsan sgam-po, or Srong Tsan
Gampo, Tibetan king, xxiiL 345;
XIV. 228, 502.
Sryetensk, town, Transbaikalia, Ess-
Bia, XXIII. 511.
5SE, ancient Asiatic people, XVIII. 593,
599-
Staal, Baronne de, French memoir
writer, XXII. 439.
Stabili, Francesco degli, mediaeval
Italian writer, v. 282.
Stability, of forms of matter, vi. 313.
, of buildings, IV. 447; XV. 750; of
ships, XXI. 812, 597.
Stable Management, xii. 192.
Stabroek, or Georgetown, town, British
Guiana, x. 430.
Stacking, of com, i. 363.
Stacte, incense, xil. 718.
Stade, town, Germany, xxn. 439.
Stadion, Count, Austrian sta'csman,
XVL 199.
Stadium, or Stadion, for gymnastic
contests, at Athens, III. 7; at Olympia,
XVII. 768; at Rome, XX. 824.
StadJAN, mountain, Sweden, XXII. 736.
Stadler, Eodolph, English martyr in
Persia, XVIII. 638.
Stadt-am-Hof, suburb of Eatishon,
Bavaria, XX. 291.
Stael, Madame de (Anne L. G. Necker,
Baroness of Stael-Holstein), French
authoress, XXIL 439; IX. 672, 673;
XVII. 312.
Stael-Holstein, Baron de, Swediafc
minister, xxil. 439.
416
S T A — S T A
Staenford (Stamford), ancient town,
England, XXII. 446.
Staff, in army organization, II. 567; of
Britisli army, 11. 577.
Stafford, county, England, xxii. 442;
coalfields, VI. 50, 51; pottery ware,
XIX. 631; to\™, XXII. 443
, William, English economist, XIX.
356.
Stag, deer, vii. 23; xv. 432.
Beetle, vi. 131.
Stage, in architecture, II. 473.
, of a theatre, early English, viii.
420; modern arrangements of, xxill.
226.
Plays, Licensing of, XIX. 711.
Stage-Right, in relation to copyright,
VI. 361, 367.
Staghound, vii. 329.
Stag-Hunting, xii. 394.
Stagira, or Stageira, town, Macedonia,
birthplace of Aristotle, II. 511.
oTAGNELIus, Erik Johan, Swedish poet,
XXII. 757.
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 'Gennan chemist
and physician, XXII. 444; v. 460; XV.
812; on fermentation, IX. 94; his
theory of the soul, II. 55.
Staigue Fort, Kerry, Ireland, xiv. 52.
Stained Glass, Manufacture of, x.
666, 667.
Stainer, Jacob, violin maker, xxiv.
245-
Stair, First Viscount, Scottish jurist
and statesman, xxil. 444
, First Earl of, Scottish lawyer and
politician, xxii. 446.
, Second Earl of, British field-
marshal, xxii. 446.
Stairs, in houses, iv. 454, 473, 497.
Stake, Hill of, Scotland, xx. 395.
Stalactites, Formation of, v. 266; in
cavern of Adelsberg, Austria, I. 151;
in Luray Cavern, United States, xv.
67.
Stalagmite Marbles, xv. 529.
Stalagmites, Formation of, v. 266; in
Luray Cavern, United States, XV. 67.
Stalimene (Lemnos), island, iEgean
Sea, Turkey, XIV. 436.
Stall, in arcliitecture, 11. 472.
, in stable management, XII. 193.
Stalybridge, town, England, xxil.
446.
Stamboul, or Constantinople (?.».), vi.
303-
Stamen, of plants, iv. 135; xx. 424.
Stamford, town, Lincolnshire, Eng-
land, xx;il. 446; newspapers of, xvii.
421.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., XXII.
447-
Bridge, Yorkshire, England,
Battle of (1066), VIII. 291; XL 486.
STAMMERING,defectof speech, XXIL 447.
Micturition, xxiv. 191.
Stamp Act, Englisi., of 1712, its effect
on newspapers, Xvil. 416; of 1765, I.
708; its effect in American colonies,
VIII. 357, 358; XXIII. 737.
Stamp-Collecting, xix. 588.
Stamps, Stamp Duties, xxil 448.
, Postage, XIX. 585; collection of,
XIX. 588.
Stanches, on rivers, xx. 573.
Stanchio (Cos), island, Asia Minor, VI.
444.
Stanchion, in architecture, 11. 473.
5TAND (Whitefield), town, England,
XXIV. 551.
Standard, London newspaper, xvii.
419.
, Battle of the (l 138), England, XXL
483.
Bar, Expansion of, in surveying,
XXII. 697.
Standards, of area, xxiv. 485 ; of
length, XXIV. 483; of volume, x.\iv.
485; of weight, XXIV. 486.
, Military, ix. 276.
Standard Unit of Value, for money,
XVL 730> 735-
Standgale, bird, XIV. 53.
Standing Armies, Rise of, 11. 564.
Stanfield, William Clarkson, English
painter, XXII. 449.
Stanhope, Third Earl, English politi-
cian and scientist, xxil. 449.
, Lord, English postmaster, XIX. 563.
, Lady Hester Lucy, companion of
William "Pitt, xxil. 449.
, Philip Dormer, fourth carl of
Chesterfield, v. 606.
Stanislau, town,Galicia, Austria, XXlt.
450.
Stanislaus, or Stanislaw, St, of Poland,
his mu'^der, XIX. 286.
, or Stanislaw Leszczjni.ski, king of
Poland, XXII. 450; IX. 585; XVII.
171; XIX. 297.
Augustus, of Poland, xxii. 450;
XIX. 298, 453-
Stanko, town, Cos, Asia Minor, vi. 444.
Stanlev, town, Falkland Islands, IX. 14.
—^, Arthur Penrhyn, dean of West-
minster, XXII. 450.
, Edward Geoffrey Smith, earl of
Derby, VII. 109; VIII. 366.
, Henry M., African explorer, I. 24S;
X. 195; his search for Livingstone,
XIV. 722.
Pool, lake, Congo river, Africa,
XXIV. 765.
Stannary Courts, Cornwall, England,
VI. 426.
Stannel, bird, xiv. 53.
Stannite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Stannius, on reptiles, xx. 437.
Stannous Compounds, in chemistry,
xxiii. 401.
Stans Forei^nd, island, Spitzbergen,
XXIL 408.
Stanthorpe, tin mines, Queensland,
XX. 173.
Stanton, Edwin WMastcrs, Ar-aricart
statesman, XXIL 455.
Stanz, to\v-n, Switzerland, xxil. 77?;
xxin. 858.
Stanza, in poetry, xix. 271.
Staphyloma, eye disease, xvii. 781.
Staples, Bishop, of Meath, xiii. 263.
Stapling, Wool, xxiv. 656.
StaPULENSIS (Jacobus Faber), French
Protestant wi'iter, VIII. 835.
Star, II. 744. See Stars.
Star-Anise, incense, xii. yii.
Staraya Russa, to\ni, Eus.^ia, xxii.
455; fair of, xvii. 607.
Star Catalogue, of Hipparchus, 11.
749; Ulugh Bey's, II. 751; X.XUI. 722;,
Sir W. Herschel's, xi. 765; Sir John
Herschel's, XL 769; Hessian, XXIV.
582. See also article Observatory.
Starch, xxil 455; xix. 54; in plants,
IV. 88; XII. 12; in lichens, xiv. 558;
in malt, xv. 338; in nutrition, xvil.
676. See also article Dietetics.
Star-Chamber, English court of justice,
XXIL 456; V. 405; VIIL 341.
Starching, in bleaching, in. 817.
Starch Sugar, or Grape Sugar, x*ii.
628.
Star-Fishes, vil 632; xvl 844.
Star-Forts, ix. 434, 439.
Stargard, town, Prussia, XXIL /;;;
Staring, Antoni C'hristiaan, i>nt'L-h
poet, xii. 98.
Staritsa, to^vn, Russia, XXIII. 672.
Starkweather, G. B., his theory of
sex, XXI. 722.
Starling, bird, xxii. 457.
, The, Norman Macleod's work, XV.
163.
Starobvelsk, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
Starodub, town, Russia, XXII. 458.
Star of India, Order of the, xiv.
124.
Staro-Konstantinoff, town, Russia,
XXIL 458.
Star Peak, mountain. Great Basin.
U.S.A., xxiii. 798.
Star- Routes, mail scandals. United
States, xxiil. 783.
Stars, il 744, 823; evolution of, xxil
651; velocity of light from, Xiv. 586;
classification of, according to, magni-
tude, XVIII. 840; measurements of,
XVI. 250 ; new and variable, XXII.
651; parallax of, xviiL 252; photo-
metry of, XVIII. 840; their position
as seen from the earth, x. 198; shoot-
ing, XVI. 106, no; spectroscopic
analysis of, II. 817; X. 215; XXIL 651;
the sun considered as a star, xxn.
645.
Starter, Jan Janssen, Dutch poet, xii.
94.
Starvation, vu. 208; death from, xv.
781.
Star-Worshippers, xxi. 128; i. 6571
XX. 364.
S T A — S T E
417
Stassfurt, town, Prussia, xxil. 458;
salt mines of, XXI. 231.
Stassfurtite, mineral, xvr. 396.
Staszow, town, Poland, XX. 218.
State, The, its relation to the church,
V. 758.
, Gi-eat officers of, England, XXli.
458.
Churchism, Calvin's theory of,
XIX. 677.
Staten Island, New Yorlv, U.S.A.,
XXII. 460; XVII. 459.
Staten Island, Tierra del Fuego,
XXIII. 383.
State Loans, xvii. 243.
State Paper Office. England, xx.
3«4-
St.iite Papers, xx. 310.
Stater, Greek money, xvii. 632.
St.-vtes, Sovereign, XIII. 191.
ST.iiTES-GENERAL, of France, IX. 544,
546, 552, 560, 562; of Paris (1614), IX.
566; in 1787, IX. 596; in 1789, IX.
596; XX. 602; Mirabeau's influence in,
XVL 945.
, of Holland, xil. 73.
Statesiian, The (Politicus), Plato's
dialogue, xix. 207.
Statesmen, lando^-ners, Cumberland,
England, VI. 698.
States of the Church, Italy, xxii.
460.
State Sovereignty, American,- xxiii.
741, 746, 750, 756, 763, 774.
ST.4TICS, division of dynamics, xix. 2;
XV. 728, 738.
Statielli, Ligurian tribe, Italy, Xlll.
446.
Stationf-rs" Company, London, iv. 39;
their almanac;, I. 591.
Stationers' Hall, London, Copyright
registry at, VI. 358.
Stationery, xxii. 46a
Stations, Railway, xx. 234.
Statir.\, wife of Alexander, l. 484: XV.
142.
, Persian princess, Jtvill. 576.
Statistical Societies, xxil 226.
Statistics, xxii. 461.
Statius, Ciecilius, Roman aramatist,
VIII. 448.
, Publius Papinius, Roman poet,
XXII. 466; XX. 726.
Statuary, methods of its production,
XXI. 5715 in bronze, XVI. 72; IV. 366;
in terra-cotta, XXIIL 193, 194.
Stature, as indication of race, 11. in.
Statih'E, in-law, xxil. ^168; in Roman
law, XX. 670.
Merchant, form of security,
XXII. 471.
of Labourers, xiv. 168.
OF Treasons, xxiii. 527.
OF Uses, xx. 403.
ST.A.TUT5S OF ELTHAM, XXI^ 36.
Statute Staple, form of security,
XXlL 471.
Staubbach, waterfall, Switzerland,
xxii. 777.
Staunton, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXII. 471.
, Howard, Shakespearian scnolar
and writer on chess, XXII. 471; as
chess-player, v. 603.
Staupitz, Jobann von, Augustinian
vicar-general, XV. 71.
Staurachios, Byzantine metal-worker,
XVI. 74.
Stauracius, son of emperor Nicephorus
I., XVII. 481.
Staurolite, mineral, xvi. 408.
StAUROTYPID.1:, family of cheloliian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Stavanger, town, Norway, XXII. 471.
Stavropol, government, Russia, xxil.
472; town, XXII. 472; XXI. 243.
Stealing, in law, xxiii. 231.
Steam, Definition of, xi. 560; properties
of, XXII. 483; vill. 729; pressures
of, at different temperatures, XI. 585;
influence of its applications in com-
merce, VI. 206; Evans's application of,
to land carriages, Vlll. 726.
Steambo.\t, XXII. 478. See Steam-
ships.
Steam Colours, for calico printing,
IV. 690.
Steam Engines, xxii. 473 (inde.x, 526);
Watt's invention of, xxiv. 412; use
of, by Eoulton, IV. 172; Murdock's
improvements on, XVII. 53; Papin's
experiments with, XVIII. 229; Tre-
vithick's improvements on, xxiii.
554-
STEam-Hammer, XI 425; for iron
forging, XIII. 328.
Steam-Plough, i. 313.
Steam-Ships, xxi. 823; invention of,
III. 542; IX 270, 817; xxn. 478;
engines for, XXII. 517; of British
navy, xvii. 284.
Steam-Thermometers, xi. 560, 568.
STE.i^RINE, or Steirin, mixture of fatty
acids, XXII. 527, 202; XVII. 740; XXIJI.
35; candles from. iv. 803; solar, xiv.
312.
STEATITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
Ste.\T0RNIS, genus of birds, XI. 227.
Steel, xiii. 278 ; compressibility and
rigidity of, vii. 815; fracture of, XXII.
600; industiyin United States, xxiii.
813; magnetization of, XV. 223, 260;
strength of, XXII. 603; VII. 816; its use
in building ships of war, XVII. 288;
statistics of manufacture, XIII. 358.
Steelboys Rising (1772), Ireland,
XIII. 269.
Steele, Anne. English hymn-«Titer,
xil. 593.
, Sir Richard, English dramatist
and essayist, XXII. 527; as dramatist;
VII. 436; his place in English litera-
ture, VIII. 426, 427; Addison's con-
nexion with, I. 148.
Steel-Pens, xviii. 483; manufacture
of, in Birmingham, III. 784.
Steel Plate Engr.\ving, viii. 439.
Steel Wire, xxiv. 615.
Steel-Yard, weighing machine, HI.
267.
, Merchants of the, Hanse merchants
in England, xxil. 528; xv. 32.
Steen, Jan Havicksz. Dutch painter,
XXII. 529.
Steeple, in architecture, II. 473.
Steeple-Ch.asing, sport, XII. 203.
Steers Island, Indian Archipelago,
XXIL 653.
Stefan, Josef, on the djffusion of gascs^
XVI. 619.
Stefano, Tomma?.-5, Italian painter, x.
608.
Steffani, Agostmo, Italian ecclesiastic,
diplomatist, and composer, xxii. 529.
Steffens, Heiuik, Danish ^mter, vii.
92; xvii. 730.
Stegosauria, order of fossil reptiles,
XX. 443.
Stegostoma, genus of sharks, xxi.
775
Stei BELT, Daniel, German pianist and
composer, xxil. 530.
Steier, town, Austria, XXII. 547.
Steiermark (Styna), duchy, Austria.
XXII. 613.
Stein, Charlotte von. friend of Goethe,
X. 728
, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron
voni, German statesman, XXII. 530;
XX. II.
, Johann Andreas, German piano-
forte maker, XIX. 72.
I Steinamanglr, town, Himgarv, xxii.
! 53..
i Steinbart, Gotthilf Samuel, German
' rationalist, xx. 290.
Steineoc, ungulate mammal, xil. 605.
Steiner, Jsikob, Swi" "eometrician,
XXII. 531.
Steinheil, Karl August, his electric
telegraph, XXIII. 113; his micrometer,
XVL 251.
Steinheilite, mineral, xvl 418.
Steinhuder Meer, lake, Hanover,
Germany, XI. 446.
Steinitz, Wilhelm, German coess-
player, v. 602.
Steinway, Henry Engelhard, piano-
forte maker, xix. 77.
Stelis, plant, xvi. 527.
Stella, wife of Pontano, Italian poet,
XIX. 454.
(Esther Johnson), friend of Dean
Swift, XXII. '763.
, Goethe's play, X. 727.
Stellar Parallax, xviii. 252.
Stelletta, genus of sponges, XXII. 415.
Stello, De Vigny's book, VII. 136.
Stelvio Pass, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
Stem, in plants, iv. 95.
Stena, pass, in Macedonia, XV. 137.
418
S T E — S T I
Stencilling, in honse-painter's work,
IV. 512.
Stendal, town, Prussia, XXJI. 532.
Stendhal, De (Marie Henri Beyle),
French writer, III. 621.
Stenersen, Peder Cristofer, Norse
poet, XVIL 59a
Stenhousemuir, town, S^cotland, xxil.
554-
Stenia, Greek festival, XXilL 295.
Stenkil, Swedish king, xxil. 745.
Slj^NNESS, Stones of, Orkney, Scotland,
XVII. 848; XXI. 51.
Steno, Michele, Venetian nobleman,
IX. 12.
, Nicolaus, Danish anatomist, i. 810;
on crystals, VT. 672.
Stenodermata, group of bats, xv.
414.
Stenography, or Shorthand Writing,
XXI. 836; in ancient MSS., xvin.
164.
Stenophonography, a. Melville Bell's
shorthand system, XXI. 840.
Stenorhvnchin.«, subfamily of carni-
vorous mammals, xv. 443.
Stenostoma, genus of snake.s, xxii.
192; XX. 454.
Stenostomata, group of Actinozoa, I.
132.
Stenyclarus, town, Messenia, Greece,
XVI. 53.
Stephanite, mineral, xvi. 395; xxil.
69.
Stephanoceros, genua of Rotifcra,
XXI. 4.
Stephanovich, Vuk, Servian wxiter,
XXI. 691.
Stephan's Comet, vi. 193.
Stephanurus Dentatus, animal
parasite, XXIV. 206.
Stephanus, Roman sculptor, si.
366.
, Eatienne, or Stephens, French
famUy of scholars and printers, XXII.
534-
Byzantius, Greek writer, XXII.
532-
Stephen, St, of Scripture, xxii. 532.
, St, of Thiers, founder of order of
Grandimontanes, XI. 47.
I., pope, XXII. 532.
II., pope, XXII. 532; XX. 785.
III., pope, XXII. 533; XIX. 495
IV., pope, XXII. 533; XX. 786.
V.-VI., pope.% XXII. 533.
Vil., pope, XXII. 533; XIX. 497.
VIII., pope, XXII. 533.
IX., pope, XXII. 533; XIX. 497:
XX. 791.
, king of Englana, xxii. 533; vni.
302.
It king of Hungary, xii. 367.
, the Great, voivode of Moldavia,
XXI. 19.
^1 leader of th' children's crusade, vl
627.
Stephen, Sir James, English historical
writer, XXII. 534.
bar Sudh-aile, Syriac writer,
XXII. 832.
Dushan, king of Seryia, XXI.
688.
Nemenya, king of Servia, XXI.
688.
Stephens, or Estienne, French family
of scholars and printers, XXII. 534.
, Alexander Hamilton, American
statesman, XXIL 536; XXIII. 773.'
, James, Fenian leader, XIII. 271.
, James Francis, on birds, xvill.
13-
, John Lloyd, American traveller,
XXII. 536; on ancient American build-
ings, II. 450; on ruined cities of Central
America, I. 693.
, Thomas, first English visitor to
India, xii. 798.
Stephenson, George, English engineer,
XXII. 537; his application of steam
to locomotives, XXII. 478; promoter of
railways, XX. 224.
, Robert, English engineer, XXIL
537 ; engineer of Britannia Bridge,
'^- 334 ; promoter of railways, XX.
22tJ.
Steppes, of Spain, xxii. 297.
, Region of the, Russia, XXI. 77.
Steradian, unit of measurement of
solid angles, xvi. 25.
Stercorarius, genus of birds, xxii.
125.
Stereochromy, process of painting,
XXIL 54.
Stereognathus, fossil mammal, xv.
376-
Stereometer, hydrometer for soluble
bodies, etc., XIL 542.
STEREOsropE, optical instrument, xxii.
537; Porta's anticipation of, XIX. 526;
lenticular, Brc^vstel■'s, IV. 276; reflect-
ing, Wheatstone's, XXIV. 5S8.
Stereoscopic Microscope, xvl 272.
Stereotyping, in printing, xxiii. 702;
invention of, x. 127; v. 27; revival of,
VIL 196.
Sterility, Human, xv. 778.
Sterlet, iish, xxil 612.
Sterling, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xxil
541.
, Captain Edward, English jour-
nalist, XVII. 418; xxil 541.
, John, English author, XXIL 541
Money, xvil 656.
Sterlitamak, town, Russia, XXIII.
717-
Sterna, genus of birds, xvil. 531;
XXIII. 189.
Sternberg, town, Jlcravia, Austria,
XXII. 541.
Sternbergite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Sterne, Laurence, English humorist,
XXII. 541; his place in English litera-
ture, VIII. 431.
Sternhold, Thomas, translator o£ flw
Psabns, xil. 589.
Sternum, Anatomy of the, L 822; xxil.
112; of Amphibia, I. 752; of birds,
III. 720; xviii. 23; of mammals, xv.
358.
Stesichorus of Himera, Greek poet,
XXIL 543, 16.
Stethometer, Stethograph, for
measuring movements of the chest,
OCX. 477.
Stethoscope, medical instrument, in.
100; its invention, XIV. 200; XV. 816.
Stet Processus, in law, xix. 789,
Stettin, to-wn, Prussia, xxii. 543.
SteUART (Stuart, q.v.), Scottish royal
family, XXIL 609.
, Sir James Denham, Scottish poli-
tical economist, XXIL 544; xrx. 365.
Steuben, Baron von, German- American
general, XXIII. 790.
Steubenville, to-ivn, Ohio, U.S.A.,
XXIL 544.
Stevens, Alfred, English sculptor, XXI.
561.
, Thaddeus, American politician,
XXII. 544.
Stevenson, Alan and Thomas, their
lighthouse improvements, XIV. 620,
621.
, David, Scottish civil engineer,
XXII. 545; on reclaiming marsh lands,
I. 405.
, Eli7a1)eth Cleghorn (Mrs Gaskell),
English novelist, X. 103.
, John Hall, English humorist, XXIL
542.-
, Robert, Scottish civil engineer,
XXIL 545.
Stevinus, Simon, Dutch mathematician,.
XXIL 545; on decimals, 11. 526.
Steward, Lord High, England, xxil.
458.
, Royal, England, XXL 37.
Stewart, or Stuart (q.v.), Scottish royal
family, XXII. 609.
, Balfour, on radiation of heat, XX.
214.
, Dugald, Scottish philosopher, xxii.
546; his ethics, viil. 604; on the sub-
lime, I. 223; his place in English
literature, VIII. 432.
, Fanny, her relations to Charles
II., V. 806.
, J. C, on fly fishing, II. 36.
, Matthew, Scottish mathematician,
XXIL 546.
, Robert, second marquis of London-
deny, XIV. 853.
Island, New Zealand, xvii. 466.
Stewing, of meat, vi. 333.
Steyr, or Steyer, ton-n, Au.stria, XXIL
547-
Stibiccx'ITC, mineral, XVL 388.
Stiknite, mineral, II. 129; XVL 394.
Stichometry, in ancient MSS., I. 496;.
XVIII. 163.
S T I — S T O
419
Stickleback, fish, aXII. 548; parasite
of, xxm. 54a
StiCjCNEY, Sarah (Mrs Ellis), Englinh
writer, VIII. 150.
Stiffness, of a structure, xv. 750,
752. See also Rigidity.
Stigma, of plants, iv. 144.
Stigmatization, xxii. 548 ; of St
Catherine of Siena, v. 230; of St
Francis of Assisi, IX. bg:.
Stilbite, mineral, XVI. 423.
Stilicho, Flavins, Roman general,
XXII. 550; 1.442; XX. 780; XXI. 113;
XXIII. 258.
Still, for distillation, vii. 265.
, John, bishop of Bath and Wells,
English dramatist, XXII. 550.
Stilling, Heinrich (Johann Heinrich
Jung), German mystic, Xlll. 774; X.
541.
StillingfLEET, Edward, bishop of
Worcester, XXII. 551; his criticism of
Locke, XIV. 754.
Stillwater, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XXII. 551.
Still Waters Run Deep, Taylor's
comedy, XXIII. 96.
Stilpnomelane, mineral, XVI. 415.
Stilt, bird, xxu. 551.
Stilton Cheese, v. 456.
Stilt- Walkers, of Lincolnshire, Eng-
land, XIV. 653.
Stimulants, in diet, vii. 205 ; their
relation to intoxicants, vil. 4S2.
Sting-Ray, fish, xx. 299.
Stink-Bird, xil 28.
Stink-Pot, bird, xvill. 712.
Stint, bird, xxi. 260.
StipulaTjE, subclass of ferns, IX.
105.
Stipulation, in Roman law, xx. 694,
699, 709.
Stipules, of leaves, iv. 114.
Stirabout, of oatmeal, xvii. 696.
Stirling, county, Scotland, xxil. 1:53;
coalfield, VI. 53.
, town, Scotland, xxii. 554; battle
of (1297), XXI. 487.
• , Earl of (Sir William Alexander),
Scottish poet and American colonist, I.
493; XV. 301.
, James, joint-inventor of an air-
engine, L 428; XXIL 522.
, James, Scottish mathematician,
XXIL 555.
— , Mr, his experiments on the ger-
mination of grass seeds, I. 370.
, Robert, his heat-regenerator, XXII.
483; joint-in venior of an air-engine, i.
428.
Castle, Scotland, xxil. 555.
Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William, Scot-
tish man of letters, XV. 647.
Stitnv, Thomas of, Bohemian writer,
XXII. 151.
Stjernhjelm, Georg, Swedish poet,
XXII. 754.
Stlifanoe (SlivenX town. East Rou-
melia, Turkey, xxil. i6a
Stoa Pcecile, poitico, ancient Athens,
in. 4; XXII. 561.
Stoat, carnivorous mammal, VIll. 526;
XV. 440; XIX. 331.
Stob.«US, Joannes, compile* of Greek
extracts, XXII. 556.
, Kilian, Swedish naturalist, XIV. 672.
Stobi, town, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Stockade, in fortification, IX. 424.
Stockbroking, XXII. 557.
Stockdale, Erskine's defence of, vill.
530.
VERSUS Hansard, English libel
case, IV. 758.
Stock-Dove, vil 379.
Stocker, a., German socialist, XXII.
216.
Stock Exchange, xxii. 556.
Stock Gill Force, waterfall, England,
XXIV. 514.
Stockholm, capital of S\v«den, xxii.
557; academy, I. 73; library, XIV.
532; newspapers, XVII. 429; obser-
vatory, XVII. 714.
, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
Stock im Eisen. tree stump, Vienna,
XXIV. 220.
Stocking-Frame, its invention, xii.
299.
Stockings, hosiery, xii. 299.
Stockjobbing, xxii. 557.
Stockport, town, England, xxii. 560.
Stocks, instrument of punishment,
XXH. 560.
, public securities, XXII. 556;
European, values of, II. 73.
Stock Telegraph, xxiii. 121.
Stockton, to^vn, California, U.S.A.,
xxii. 560.
AND Darlington Railway, Eng-
land, XX. 224.
Stockton-on-Tees, town, England,
XXII. 561.
Stockworks, metalliferous rocks, xvi.
442.
Stodart, Robert, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 74.
Stoddart, Sir John, English journalist,
XVII. 418.
Stoffels, Hendrickie, Rembrandt's
mistress, XX. 376.
Stoics, school of ancient philosophers,
XXII. 561; ethics of, vni. 583; logic
of, XIV. 791; Stoicism of Persius,
XVIII. 664.
Stoke, Melis, Dutch writer, xil. 90.
Stoke-Newington, district, London,
XIV. 822.
Stoker, Mechanical, xxii. 500 ; for
smoke abatement, XXIL 181.
Stokes, George Gabriel, on achromatic
lenses, XVII. 804; XXIIL 143; on radia-
tion, XX. 215; his experiments on
viscosity, XIX. 248.
, William, Irish physician, xv. 816.
Stoke-upom-Trent, town, England,
XXII. 573.
Stolberg, town, Rhenish Pnissia,
XXII. 574.
, Count Christiau, German poet,
XXII. 574.
, Count Frederick Leopold, Geiman
writer, XXII. 574.
Stole, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 461.
, Groom of the, in royal household,
England, XXI. 37.
Stolen Goods, inlaw, xix. 562; xxiii.
233-
Stoletow, his experiments in mag-
netism, XV. 254, 255.
Stollberg, town, Rhenish Prussia,
XXII. 574.
Stolp, town, Prussia, xxil. 574.
Stolpenite, mineral, xvi. 425. '
StoLZITE, mineral, XVI. 403.
Stomach, Anatomy of the, VII. 224;
XVII. 669, 673; diseases of, XXII. 574;
cancer in, xviii. 380; of Amphibia,
I. 763; of birds. III. 726; of fishes, XII.
655; of mammals, XV. 362 ; of reptiles,
XX. 457.
Stomata, of plants, IV. 89; Xli. 17.
Stone, for building, iv. 448, 469; at
Rome, XX. 80S; strength of, XXII. 603.
, Lithographic, XIV. 69S.
, town, England, XXII. 576.
, vesical disease, xxiv. 189.
, Nicholas, English sculptor, .>aI.
560.
Age, in archaeology, 11. 122, 336.
Stone-Breaker, machine, xvi. 463;
American, XVI. 58.
Stone Circles, Prehistoric, II. 383; in
Cornwall, England, VI. 427; at Stone-
henge (q.v.), England, XXII. 576; in
Peru, II. 451. See also XXI. 50.
Stone Coal, or Anthracite, II. 106.
Stonehaven, town, Scotland, xiv. 79.
Stonehenge, ancient stone circle, Eng-
land, XXII. 576; II. 3S3; XXI. 51.
Stonehouse, town, England, xix. 236.
Stone Masonry, iv. 468.
Stone Monuments, Rude, xxi. 50; in
Polj-nesia, XIX. 428; in Porto Rico,
XIX. 532.
Stone-Pine, tree, XIX. 104, 105.
Stones of Venice, Ruskin's wor*,
XXIV. 151.
Stonewall Jackson (Thomas Jona-
than Jackson), American Confederate
general, XIII. 534; XXIII. 777.
Stoneware, xix. 601 ; Dutch, xix.
630.
Stone Weapons, ii. 553.
Stonington, town, _ Connecticut,
U.S.A., XXII. 576.
Stono Inlet, South Carolina, U.S.A.
XXIL 287.
Stonyhurst College, Jesuit settle-
ment, Lancashire, England, XIII. 656;
observatory at, XVII. 711.
Stooks, or Shocks, of com, I. 363.
420
S T 0-S T R
Stop-Gates, in canals, iv. 785.
Stop-Press, in newspaper printing,
XXIII. 703.
Stops, Organ, xvii. 828.
Storage, Stephen, English musical
composer, XXII. 576.
Storax, gum and perfume, xxii. 577;
XII. 718; XIV. 687; liquid. III. 293.
StorCH, Heinrich, &'6rmaii-Russian
economist, XIX. 388.
, Nicolaus, German religious en-
thusiast, XV. 76; XVII. 33.
Storia d' Italia, by Guicciardini, xi.
256.
Stork, bird, xxii. 577; parasites of,
xviii. 260.
Storks, Sir Henry, commissioner of
Ionian Islands, XII I. 207.
Stormarn, division of Holstein, xxi.
415.
Storm-Cock, bird, xxiii. 322.
Stormont, district, Scotland, XVIII.
667.
Storm-Petrel, bird, xviii. 712.
Storm Rondo, Steibelt's, xxii. 530.
STORilS, XVI. 154; at sea, XVII. 275; in
North America, XXIII. 806; in West
Indies, xxiv. 511; in Indian Ocean,
their connexion with sun-spots, XVI.
180.
Storm-Warnings, xvi. 158.
Stornello, variety of Italian poetry,
XIX. 272.
Stornoway, town, Scotland, xiv. 492;
XX. 854.
StORR Rock, Skye, Scotland, XXII.
127;
Story, in architecture, II. 423, 474.
, Joseph, American jurist, XXII.
578; as writer, I. 722.
STOSS, Veit, German sculptor, XVll.
663; XXI. 565.
StOthard, Charles Alfred, English
antiquarian draughtsman, xxii. 578.
, Thoma-s, Engli.sh painter, xxii.
578.
Stou, mountain, Styria, Austria, xxil.
614.
StoUP, in architecture, II. 474.
Stour, river, Kent, England, xiv. 37.
, river, Suffolk, England, XXII. 621.
Stourbridge, tovm, England, ^xii.
579-
Stout, malt liquor, iv. 275.
Stouthrief, in law, xxiii. 237.
Stove, xxii. 579; ix. 840; xi. 591; in
garden hotliouse, XII. 230; hotblast,
XJll. 302; in relation to smoke abate-
ment, XXII. 181.
Stow, John, English historian and
antiquary, XXII. 579.
Stowage, of a ship, xxi. 597, 816.
Stowe, Mrs Harriet Beeeher, Aiaerican
writer, I. 727; her influence against
slavery, xxil. 142.
Stowell, Lord, English judge, xxil.
580.
StOWMARKET, town, England, XXII.
622.
Strabane, town, Ireland, xxill. 713.
Strabismus, or Squinting, xvii. 785;
spectacles for, XXII. 372.
Strabo, Greek geographer and historian,
XXII. 580; X. 177; on ancient geo-
graphy, XV. 516.
, or Strabus, Walafrid, German
mediseval writer, XXIV. 320.
Stracchino, kind of cheese, XVI. 292.
Stradella, Alessandro, Italian com-
poser and musician, XXII. 583.
Stradivari, Antonio, violin maker,
XXIV. 245.
Strafford, Earl of,' English statesnmn,
XXII. 584; V. 405; VIII. 347; his
administration in Ireland, XIII. 266.
Strahlstein, mineral, XVI. 417.
Strain, in mechanics, XXII. 595, 598,
605; VII. 819; kinematics of, XV. 693;
produced by magnetization', XV. 268;
produced by longitudinal stress, VII.
806; on ships, XXI. 817.
Straits Settlements, Malay Penin-
sula, XXII. 586, 92; XV. 322.
Stralsund, town, Prussia, XXII. 5S7.
Stramonium, narcotic drug, xvii. 231.
Strand, street, London, xiv. 847.
Strange, Sir Robert, Scottish engraver,
XXII. 588; VIII. 442.
Strangles, horse disease, XXIV. 203.
Strangulation, Death from, xv. 781.
Stranraer, to\vn, Scotland, xxii. 588;
XXIV. 563.
Strany, bird, XI. 262.
Strasburg, Strassburg, or Strasbourg,
to\vn, German Alsace, XXII. 58S;
council nt (1531), XIX. 676; Louis
Kapoleon's affaii- at (1836), XVII. 227;
invention of printing at, XXIII. 689;
its bells. III. 538; cathedral sculptures,
XXI. 564; ''brary, XIV. 527, 547;
observator XVII. 713; universitj-,
XXIII. 845, 851.
Turpentine, ix. 225.
Strass, or Paste, in glass manufacture,
X. 665.
Strata, of rocks, x. 292; in mines,
XVI. 440.
Strategics, Polyteuus's work, XIX.
411.
Strategy, Military, xxiv. 349; naval,
XXIV. 364.
Stratford, town, Ontario, Canada,
XXII. 590.
DE RedcLIFFE, Viscount, English
diplomatist, XXIL 590.
Stratford-le-Bow, district, London,
XIV. 822.
Stratford-on-Avon, town, England,
XXIL 5S9; XXI. 741.
Strath, valley, in Scotland, xxi. 524.
Strathbogie, district, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, I. 44.
Case, in Church of Scotland, v.
377-
StratUci.yde, Kingdom of, Scotland,
XXI. 475.
Strathearn, district, Scotland, xviil.
667.
Strathpeffer, spa, Scotland, xvi.
435-
Stratigraphy, in geology, x. 325.
Strato of Lampsacus, Peripatetic philo-
sopher, XVIII. 545; on evolution, vill.
757-
StrattO'^ Charles (Tom Thumb),
American dwarf, VII. 568.
Straubing, town, Bavaria, XXII. 591.
Strauch, Alexander, on tortoises, XX.
441.
Strauss, Pavid Friedrich, German
theological writer, XXII. 591; his criti-
cism of the Gospels, II. 191; X. 841;
his Leben Jesu, XIII. 670, 672; its in-
fluence on Baur, III. 448.
, Edward, Austrian musician, XXIL
592.
, Johann (1804- 1849), Austrian
composer and musician, xxil. 592.
, Johann (b. 1825), Austrian
musician, XXIL 592.
, Joseph, Austrian musician, XXII.
592.
Str.\uss-Durckheim, Hercule, French
entomologist, XXII. 592.
Straw, i. 358, 390, 395; manufactures
of, XXIL 593; bleaching of, IIL 821;
use of, in paper-making, XVIII. 225;
use of, for thatching, IV. 501.
Strawberry, plant and fruit, xxil.
592; XII. 276.
Hill, Walpole's residence, Twick-
nham, England, xxili. 674; xxiv.
334-
Leaf, in heraldry, XI. 711.
Straw Manufactures, xxii. 593.
Straw-Plait, xxii. 593; i. 358.
Streak, in crystals, XVI. 373:
Stream Lines, in theory of shipbuild-
ing, XXI. 811.
Streatham, district, London, XIV. 822.
Street, George Edmund, English
architect, XXII. 594.
Architecture, in England, 11.
452.
Making, xx. 582.
Railways, xxiii. 506.
Sewers, XXI. 713.
Strehlenau, Nicholas (Lenau), Aus-
trian writer, X. 546.
Strelitz, Mecklenburg-, state, Ger-
many, XV. 774.
, Neu, town, Mecklenburg-, Ger-
many, XVII. 366.
Strengite, mineral, XVI. 405.
Strength of Materials, xxii. 594:
.■n. 816; of iron and steel, XIII. 353;
James Thomson on, VII. 798.
Strepsilas, genus of birds, XXIII. 668.
Streptoneura, division of Mollusca,
XVI. 645.
Stress, in mechanics, xv. 693, 715,
S T R — S U B
421
747; XIX. 240; diagrams of, vii. 152;
XXII. 598; dynamics of, Vll. 582;
mathematical theory of, VII. 819; on
bridges, IV. 285; in engineering, XXII.
594, 598, 601, 603; in joints, xill.
732-
Striation, in crystals, xvi. 300.
Strickland, Agnes, English historical
writer, XXII. 607.
, Hugh Edwin, on bii'ds, xviii.
14.
Stricture of the Pylorus, disease,
xxii. 575.
Striegau, town, Prussia, XXII. 607.
Strices, group of birds, xviii. 47.
Strigops, genus of birds, Xlll. S25;
XVIII. 323.
Strike, of rocks, x. 298.
, of workmen, XXIII. 500.
String, Manufacture of, XX. 845.
String-Course, in architecture, 11.
474-
Stringfellow's Flying Machine,
IX. 323.
Strings, Musical, i. in, 112; violin,
XXIV. 244, 246.
SXRlNNHOLM, Anders Magnus, Swedish
historian, XXII. 758.
Strix, genus of birds, XVIII. 89.
Stroh, a., his stereoscope, xxil. 540.
Strokhr, geyser, Iceland, X. 557.
Strom, Hans, Norse zoologist, XVII.
590.
Stromata, or Stromateis, of Clemens
Alexandrinus, v. 819.
Stromboli, island, Lipari group, Medi-
terranean, XIV. 683.
StrOme Ferry, Eoss-shire, Scotland,
XX. 854.
Stromeyerite, mineral, xvi. 392.
Stromling, fish. III. 297.
Stromness, town, Orkney, Scotland,
XVIL 848.
Strongbow, Earl (Richard de Clare),
invasion of Ireland by, XIII. 258.
Strongylosoma, genus of Myriapoda,
XVII. 120.
Strongylus, genus of nematode
worms, XVII. 325; XXIV. 205, 206.
Stronsay, island, Orkney, Scotland,
XVII. 846.
Strontianite, mineral, xvi. 398;
XXII. 607.
Strontium, chemical element, xxil.
607; V. 525.
Strophanthus, genus of plants, XXII.
608.
Strophomenid.b, family of Brachio-
poda, IV. 195.
Strophulus, skin disea.se, xxii. 122.
Stroud, town, England, xxn. 608.
Strozzi, Filippo, Tuscan noble, xv.
789.
, Piero, Tuscan warrior, XV. 790.
Structures, Theory of, in mechauics,
XV. 750.
Struel Springs, Ireland, vii. 382.
Struensee, Johann Friedrich, Count,
Danish minister, XXII. 608; VII. 87.
VON CarLsbach, Carl Gustav,
Prussian minister, XXII. 608.
Struma, disease, xxi. 554.
, river, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Struthio, genus of birds, xviii. 62, 44.
Struts, Strength of, iv. 321; xxii. 606.
Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm, Ger-
man astronomer, XXII. 608; his work
on measurement of arc of meridian,
VII. 600.
Struvite, mmeral, xvi. 406.
Stry, town, Galicia, Austria, XXII. 609.
Strychnia, vegetable alkaloid, xvii.
687.
Strychnine, as poison, xix. 279.
Strychnos, genus of plants, XVII. 687.
Strymon, river, Macedonia, xv. 137.
.Strype, John, English historical and
biographical writer, XXII. 6og.
Strzelecki, Count, on the geology of
Australia, III. 108.
Stuart, Scottish royal family of, XXII.
609; XXI. 490; their connexion with
house of Orange, XII. 79.
, Arabella, wife of William Seymour,
XXII. 610.
, Sir Charles*, English envoy in
Portugal, XIX. 551.
, Charles Edward (The Pretender),
VIII. 355; I. 449; v. 426; XXL 520;
XXIL 610.
— , Gilbert, American portrait-painter,
XXIL 611.
— , James, second earl of Murray,
regent of Scotland, XV. 595, 599;
XVII. 62; XXI. 503.
, James, joint-author of Antiquities
of Athens, II. 444.
, James Frederick Edward (The Pre-
tender), XIII. 560; IX. 581; XXII. 610.
, John, earl of Bute, IV. 511.
, John M'Douall, Australian ex-
plorer, XXII. 611; in. 105.
, Mary, queen of Scots, XXII. 610.
See Mary.
Stubbs, William, on the origin of the
jury system, XIII. 784.
Stucco, in plaster work, IV. 507; wall
decorations in, xvii. 36.
Stud-Book, English, XIL 183.
Students, in early universities, x.xill.
833.
Studium, monastery, at Constantinople,
XVI. 700.
Studius, founder of an order of monks,
XVI. 700.
Study of Words, Trench's work,
XXIII. 541.
Stuffing, of animals, xxiil. 89.
Stuffs, Ancient textile, XXIIL 207.
Stuhlweissenburg, town, Hungary,
XXII. 611.
Stura, river, Italy, xiiL 435.
Sture, Sten and Svante, regents of
Sweden, xxil. 747.
Sturgeon, fish, xxii. 611.
Sturla, Lawman and Olaf, Icelandic
writers, XIL 625.
Sturloson, or Sturluson, Snorri or
Snorro, Icelandic writer, XXIL 201;
XXI. 368; XII. 622, 625; Edda of, VII.
649.
Sturm, Jacob, ruler of Strasburg, xxii.
■589.
, Jacques Charles Francois, Swiss
mathematician, XXIL 612; I. 516.
, Johann Christoph, founder of tiie
Collegium Curiosum, I. 71.
— , Johannes von, of Strasbui^, on
education, VII. 673.
Sturmhaube, mountain, Germany, XX.
552.
Sturmius, abbot of Fulda, IX. 813.
Sturm und Drang, movement in Ger-
man literature, VII. 442; X. 537.
Sturnus, genus of birds, XXII. 457.
Sturt, Charles, Australian explorer,
XXII. 612; III. 104.
Stuttering, defect of speech, xxii.
447-
Stuttgart, town, Wiirtemberg, xxii.
612; libraries of, XIV. 527, 547.
Siuyvesant, Peter, director, Xew
Netherland, America, xvii. 455
Style, of a dial, vii. 1 5^.
, in plants, IV. 144.
Styliola, genus of Mollusca, XVL 665.
Styliie, Joshua the, Syriac writer,
XXII. 832.
Stylites, order of ascetics, XVI. 701.
, Simeon, early Christian ascetic,
XVI. 701; XXII. 830.
StylobaTE, in architecture, II. 474;
Greek, II. 403.
Stylograph, pen, xyiii. 484.
Stylommatophora, suborder of Mol-
lusca, XVI. 660.
StylotiP, mineral, X\ i. 395.
Stylus, ancient writing implement,
XVIII. 483.
Styrax, shrub, XXII. 577; gum from it-
XIL 718; XIV. 6S7.
Styria, duchy, Austria, XXII. &13
Styrian Alps, i. 630.
Styx, legendary river, XXII. 614.
, waterfall, Arcadia, Greece, H. 326.
SUABIA (Swabia), ancient duchy, Ger-
many, XXII. 729.
SUADIVA, atoU, Maldive Islands, XV.
328.
SUAKIN, or Suakim, town. Red Sea,
Africa, XXIL 6r5, 316.
SUANIANS, race of peopU, Caucasus, v.
257-.
SUARDI, Bartolommeo (Bramantino),
Italian painter, xxil 615.
Suarez, Francisco, Spanish theologian
and philosopher, XXIL 615; XXI. 43 1\
SUATOPLUK, ruler of Moravia, XVI. Si i.
Subarnarekha, river, India, XXII. 94.
Subconsciousness, in psychologj",
XX. 47.
422
S U B — S U L
SUBDEACONS, minor order of Eoman
Catholic Chmch, xvii. g2a
SUBEN, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718.
SUBIACO, town, Italy, XXII. 616;
library of, XIV. 530.
Subject, in psychology, xx. 39.
SUBLAPSARIANISM, theological doc-
trine, XIX. 670.
SUBLAQUEUM (Snl)iaco), ancient town,
Italy, XXII. 616.
SUBLEYRAS, Pierre, Frcndi piijiter,
XXII. 616.
Sublimation, iii distillation, vii. 260;
of vapour, vill. 727.
Sublime and Beautiful, Burke's
work on the, IV. 540.
Submarine Mines, xxiii. 449.
Submarine Telegraphic Cables,
XXIII. 114.
Submission, in law, 11. 312.
Subornation of Perjury, xviii.
548.
Subpcen.\, in law, xxii. 642: xxiv.
696.
Substance, in Caitesiani^m, v. 143;
Leibnitz's doctrine of, XIV. 420 ;
Locke's, XIV. 760; Kant's, Xlll. 853.
Substantialitv, Perception of, iu psy-
chology, XX. 57.
Subtiaba, Indian town, Nicaragua, Xl\.
455-
Subtraction, in algebra, i. 520; in
arithmetic, II. 527.
SUBUKTIGIN, sultan of Ghazni, xv.
286.
StiBZAWAR, town, Persia, xviii. 627.
SUCCAT (St Patrick, 5.0.), patron saint
of Ireland, XVIII. 411.
Succession, in law, xix. 734; in re-
lation to remainder and reversion, XX.
372; under testii.i'ti-t, XXIV. 570: in
Eoman law, xx. 673, 691, 702, 706.
713; in Salic law, XXI. 214.
, Psychological presentation of. XX.
64; Locke on idcis of, xiv. 7:9.
, Spanish, Question of, VIII. 352; IX.
575; XXII. 334; war of. III. 126; IX.
580; x. 502; xiv. 466; xxii. 335.
Duty, xxii. 616.
Succinic Acid, 1. 660.
Succinite, mineral, xvi. 428.
SUCCORY (Chicory), plant, v. 614.
Succubus, dream demon, vil. 62.
Suciiet, Txjuis Gabriel, duke of Albu-
fera, French mar.shal, XXII. 617; I
456.
SUCHIZ, river, Peru, xvill. 673.
Su Chow, tovra, Kau-suh, China, XXII.
617.
, tomi, Kiang-sii, China, xxil. 617.
, tovm, Szo-chuen, China, xxn. 617.
Sucker, or Lump-Sucker, fish, xv.
65.
Suckling, Sir John, English poet and
courtier, XXII. 617.
SucREj. town, Bolivia, South America,
XXII. 6:8.
Sucre, Antonio Jose, pi«Mcnl of B6li-
via, IV. 17.
SUCTORIA, order of Protozoa, XIX. 865.
Sudan, op Soudan, region, Cential
Africa, XXII. 277, 143; XVIl. 316.
Sudbury, town, England, xxn. 618.
SUDENI, ancient triboi, LiLhuama, XIV.
701
SUDETES, mountains, Austria, III. ti6;
XVI. 810; XXII. 53.
SUDHARAM, tewn, India, xvn. 524.
SUDOGDA, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
SUDRAKA, Hindu dramatist, XXI. 285.
SUDRAS, Hindu caste, iv. 203, 204; \'.
188.
Sue, Joseph Malic (Eugene Sue), French
novelist, xxn. 619; IX. 678.
SUERAH, town, Morocco, XVI. 543.
SUESSA AURUNCA (Scssa), ancient town,
Italy, XXI. 693.
Suet, animal fat, xxiii. 34.
Suetonius, Caius Trannuillus, Latin
writer, xxn. 619; on tlic early Chris-
tians, xin. 65S; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 726.
Sveur, Eustache le, French painter,
XXII. 619.
, Thomas le, on magnetism, XV. 236.
SUEVI, confederation of tribes of ancient
Germany, X. 473; their inroads on
Rome, XX. 7S0; in Spain, xxn. 30S.
SUEVIA (Swabia), ancient duchy, Ger-
many, X.\II. 729.
Suez, town, Eg>-pt, xxn. 620.
, Gulf of. Red Sea, XX. 316.
— ^ Canal, xxn. 620; 1. 266; iv. 789;
Lord Palmorslon'a opposition to, xviii.
197-
Sufetula (Sbeitia), ancient town,
Africa, xxili. 620.
Suffocation, DeaiJi fiom, xv. 781.
Suffolk, county, England, xxn. 621.
Duns, breed of cattle, I. 3S9.
Punch, horse, i. 385.
Witches, Trial of, xxiv. 621.
Sufi II., shah of Persia, XVIII. 638.
Dy.vasty, Persia, xvin. 634.
Sufis, Mohammedan fsecl, VII. 113;
XXII. 662; pantheism of, xvili. 658.
See al.-o Sufism.
SUFISM, Persian philosophical system,
xxili. 242; XI. 368; XVI. 594; XVII.
130; XVIII. 634; XXII. 659.
Sugar, xxn. 622; chemistry of, V. 564;
adulteration of, I. 172; relations to
alcohol, I 470; from beet, I. 382; in
grape j'uice, X.XIV. 603; malt, XV. 33S;
maple, XV. 524; in plants, IV. 88; xix.
54; use of, in brewing, iv. 271 ; culture
of, in Java, XIIL 604; in the Philip-
pines, xvill. 751; in Queensland, xx.
173; production of, in Brazil, IV. 227;
in Cuba, VI. 681; in India, XII. 74S;
in United States, XXIII. 824.
Berry', tree, XL 360.
Sugar-Bird, xxil 628.
SuGAS Candy, vl 257.
Sugar of Lead, xjv. 378.
Sugar-Pine, tree, xix. 105; of U.S.A,
xxiii. 809.
Sugden, Edward Eurteii.liaw, LoiH
St Lconai-ds, lord chancellor of Eng-
land, XXI. 182.
SUGER, Abbe, regent of France, IX. 539.
SUCHUDA (Sngdiana), ancient pi^ovintv,
Persia, XXII. 246.
Sugut, river, Nmlli Burned, XXI. 123.
Suh-Chow, or Su-Chow, town, C'ljin.i.
XXIL 617.
auHL, town, Prussia, xxn. 629.
SUHM, Peter T^ruderik, Danish lii.4oi-ian,
VII. 91.
SUICIDE, XXII. 629; in relation to life
assurance, xill. 197.
SUID/E, faiiiil} of ungulate mammals,
xxn. 772.
SUIDAS, Greek Icxicogiaphci-, XXlL 631:
XL 146.
Suidger (Pope CJcnien! il.), V. 821.
Suindinum (Le Jlans), Roman towiu
France, XV. 497.
SUIR, river, Ireland, Xlll. 2l6; xxin.
405; XXIV 400.
Suisse Forezienne, valley. Fiance,
XIV. S07.
SUKHONA, river, Russia, XXL 73.
SUKKERTOPPEN, di.stiici, Greenland, XI-
170.
SUKKOTHAI, ancient town, Siaiii, XXL
854.
SUKKUR, tovm, India, xxi. S03.
SULA, genus of birds, X. 70.
SULAIMAN, shah of Pci-sia, XVIII. 639.
, Scljuk ruler, XXL 636.
, Suleiman, or Suleyman, I., sultan
of Turkey, XXIL 251; XXIII. 643;
contests of, willi Persia, XVIII. 636.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 645.
, Arabic geugraphcr, X. 177.
Sulby, river, Isle of Man, XV. 450.
SULITELMA, mountain, Sweden, XXII.
736.
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, Roman
general, XXII. 632 ; XX. 760 ; al
Athens, III. 8 ; in Jugurthinc War,
XIII. 767; his contests with Marius,
XV. 550; in the Mithradatic War, XV.
56; his relations with Pompcy, XIX.
451.
Sully, Maximilien de B6thunc,-dukeor,
French statesman, XXII. 633; IX. 565.
, Maurice de, early French sermon-
writer, IX. 648.
Sulmona, town, Italy, XXII. 634.
Sulphates, . in chemistry, v. 505;
occurring in rocks, x. 228; of alumina,
I. 645; xxn. 637; of ammonia, xvn.
515; of baryta. III. 406; of copper,
XXII. 637; of iron, VI. 352; of lime,
XIV. 64S; XI. 351; of lime, as manure,
1. 351; of magnesia, VIII. 496; XV. 217;
of potash, XIX. 592; of quinine, XX.
184; of silver, XXIL 71 ; of toda, xxi"
240.
S U L — S U R
423
Sulphides, in chemistry, v. 478; x.
228; of iron, xill. 280; of mercury,
XVI. 34; metallic, or pyrites, XX. 128;
in metallic ores, XVI. 61.
Sulphur, chemical element and mineral,
XXII. 634; V. 498; X. 228; XVI. 3S0;
as fuel, IX. 809; as an ingredient of
gunpowder, XI. 320, 324; its presence
in iron, XIII. 283; as plant food, XIX.
49; mines of, in Formosa, v. 636; in
Sicily, XXII. 30.
• Alcohols and Ethers, v.
553-
Sulphuretted Hydrogen, v. 499;
XXII. 635; as a poison, XIX. 279.
Sulphuric Acid, v. 503; xxii. 63b.
Sulphuric Ether, as an anaesthetic,
I. 789-
Sulphurous Acid, xxii. 636; as a
poison, XIX. 279.
Sulphur Salts, v. 505; group of
minerals, xvi. 394.
Sulphur Springs, xvl 435.
SULPICIA, Tibullus's poems on, XXlll.
349-
SULPICIUS RUFUS, p., Roman tribune,
XX. 760.
SULPICIUS Severus, early Christian
^7riter, XXI. 702.
Sultan, sovereign of Turkey, xxiii.
654; his place in Islam, XXII. 65i;
list of Ottoman sultans, XXIIL 652.
Sultana, Moslem title, xi. 478.
SULTANABAD, to%vn, Persia, XVIII.
627.
Sultana Raisins, xx. 258; of Stanchio,
. VI. 444.
Sultan-Dagh, mountains, Asia Minor,
II. 705.
Sultanpur, district and town, India,
XXII. 637.
SULU, town, Philippines, xviii. 750,
752.
Islands, Philippines, xvin. 752;
pearl fisheries of, XVIII. 447.
SULZER, Johann Georg, Smss art critic,
. 535; xxiL 798.
Sumach, plant, xiv. 382; in U.S.A.,
XXIII. 808.
SUMANAP Islands, Java, xiii. 600.
SUMAROKOFF, Alexander, Russian
dramatist, VII. 444; xxi. 106.
Sumatra, island, Indian Archipelago.
XXII. 638; II. 687; birds of. III. 763.
SUMBAL, or Sumbul, drug, XXII. 641.
SUMBAWA, island, Indian Archipelago,
XXII. 641.
SuMBULPOOR, toivn, India, xxi. 247.
SUMELAS, monastery, Armenia, xxill.
534-
SUMENEP, town, Madura, Indian Archi-
pelago, XV. 194.
SUMER, district, Mesopotamia, XVI. 51.
Sumida, river, Japan, xxm. 432.
SUMMAM, river, Algeria, I. 563.
Summary Jurisdiction, Court of,
XXII. 647.
Summer-Catarrh, disease, xi. 542.
Summer Islands, or Bermudas (q.i ),
III. 599.
Summer Redbird, xxiii. 45.
Summerside, town, Prince Edward
Island, XIX. 740.
Summer-Snipe, bird, xxi. 260.
Summer-Teal, bird, x. 80.
SUmmerville, town. South Carolina,
U.S.A., XXIL 287.
. Summists, scholastic philosophers, XXI.
425.
Summons, in law, xxii. 642; xxiv.
696; in Scots law, XIX. 220.
Sumner, Charles, American statesman,
XXIL 643.
Sumptuary Laws, xxii. 643.
Sumter, Fort, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
its surrender, XXIII. 774.
, Thomas, American politician,
XXIII. 790.
Sumy, town, Russia, xxii. 645.
Sun, xxii. 645; 11. 768, 783; determina-
tion of distance of, II. 796; eclipses of,
II. 788 (see Eclipse); source of heat
of, XVII. 311; its light compared with
Jthat of moon, xviii. 842; its influent
on terrestrial magnetism, XVI. 167,
176, 179; measurements of, XVL 250;
its connexion with meteoroids, XVI.
113; nautical observations by means
of, XVII. 268; parallix of, XVIII. 245;
influence of, on tides, XXIIL 354, 365,
368; festival of, at Heliopolis, XIX.
91; festivals, in Japan, XIX. 92; myths
of, XV. 777; XVII. 157; temple of, at
Baalbec, III. i77;-n'orship of, by ancient
Greeks, H. 185; by Peruvians, L 697;
XX. 364; by Pha?nicians, XVIIL 802
(see also Baal); by Sabieans, XXIV.
741. See also Sun-Spots.
SUNAR, river, India, XXI. 146.
Sun-Bird, XXII. 651; xu. 359.
Sun-Bittern, bird, xxn. 652; XX.
223.
SuNDA Islands, Indian Archipelago,
XXIL 653; XIL 815; language of,
XIII. 6of
Sundaeba/ " swamps at mouth of
Ganges, .'Mia, x. 68.
SUNDA Strait, Indian Archipelago,
XXIL 653, 638.
Sunday, xxii. 653; relation of^, to the
Sabbath, XXI. 125; sale on, illegal,
xxi. 20S.
Sunderland, town, England, xxii.
657.
, Second Earl of, English statesman,
XXII. 657
, Third Eail of, English statesman,
XXII. 658.
Sundevall, Carl Joban, on birds,
XVIII. 23, 37.
Sundew, plant, xiii. 134.
Sun-Dial, VII. ic;3.
Sundilah (Sandila), town, India,
XVIIL 72.
StJN-FlSH, XXIL 658; XII. 690; XVIL
777; XXI. 777.
Sunflower, plant, xxii. 659; oil from,
, XVIL 746.
SuNGARl, river, Manchuria, xv. 466.
SUNGARS, Mongol people, xvi. 749;
XXIII. 636.
Sungei Ujong, district. Strait* Settle-
ments, XXIL 587.
SUNIUM, Greece, Temple at. III. 60.
Sunna, or Sunneh, Moslem traditional
law, xvi; 553, 594; XL 508.
Sunnin, mountain," Syria, XIV. 393.
SUNNITES, division of the Moham-
medans, XXIL 659; II. 722; XL 508.
Sun-Signalling, XL 632.
Sun-Spots, II. 783; XXIL 646; their
connexion with the aurora. III. 97;
with terrestrial magnetism, XVI. 169,
I75> 179) '80; with rainfall, IX. 26;
cycles of, XII. 739: Herschel'a observa-
tions on, XI. 766.
Sunstone, mineral, XVI. 42a
Sunstroke, xxil 666; xviii. 394;
death from, XV. 781.
Sunt Islands, Nile, Africa, xvii.
507.
Superfcetation, XV. 779.
Superior, in land tenure, xiv. 264.
, Lake, North America, Xiv. 217;
xxi. 177, 182; copper mines of, XXIU.
816.
SUPERNATURALISM, XX. 2S9.
Superphosphate of Lime, as manure,
I. 348; manufacture of, XXIL 636.
Superstition, among primitive racesj
VIII. 623; Plutarch on, XIX. 234.
Suplinburg, Count of (emperor Loth.
air), XV. g.
Suppliants, The, Euripides'e play^
vm. 676.
Supplications, of the Litany, xiv. 696.
Supplies, Granting of, in parliament,
XVIIL 313.
, Military, XXIV. 349.
Supply and Demand, in economics,
XXIV. 47.
Supporters, in heraldry, XI. 710.
Suppuration, in inflammatory diseases,
XVIII. 400; of wounds, XXIL 682; in
process of healing, xvill. 365.
Supralapsarianism, theological doc-
trine, XIX. 67a
Suprarenal Bodies, l 908; diseases
of, XVIIL 384.
Supremacy Act (1535), England, xi.
664; XXIII. 199.
Supreme Court, of United States, II.
210; xiiL 789; XXIIL 750.
SuR, town, Palestine, xxiii. 710.
Sura, river, Russia, xviii. 514; XXIL
76; XXIV. 279.
Surabaya, town, Java, xiii. 605, 606;
XXII. 667.
Surahwa Nut, xvii. 664.
SuraJAH Dowlah, Bengali ruler, Tl
10; xn. 801.
424
S U R — S W E
SURAKARTA, towB, Java, xvill. 6oi,
606; XXII. 667.
SURAM, Moimtams of, Caucasia, v. 252.
SORAS, sections of the Koran, xvi. 598
SURASHTRA, district, India, XIV. 14.
SURAT, district, India, XXII. 667; tavm,
XXII. 667; English factory at, xil.
798.
SURAYI, modern Nestorians, xvii. 358.
SURAZH, town, Russia, xxiil. 96; xxiv.
262.
StJRBASE, in architecture, II. 474.
SuRBiTON, town, England, xxii. 667.
Sur-Das, Hindi writer, XI. 845.
Surds, in algebra, i. 534.
SURDUS LOQUENS, John Conrad Am-
man's work, vii. 6.
SUREN, Syriac wTitcr, XXII. 844.
SURENAS. Parthian general, xvin.
596.
Surety, in law. xxii. 667; xi. 236;
XYIU. 309.
Surface, in geometry, xxil. 668.
Surf.\ce-Draininc, I. 329.
Surface-Tension, of fluids, v. 62.
Surf-Duck, bird, xxi. 470.
Surgery, xxii. 672; in relation to
medicine, XV. 796; Desaulfs contri-
butions to, VII. 115; Hunter's, XII.
387; Syme's, XXII. 8 10; academies of,
I. 77; societies, XXII. 226.
Surgut, to^-n, Siberia, xxiir. 43a
SURI, town, India, III. 697
SURICATE, carnivorous mammal, XV.
437-
Surinam, or Dutch Guiana. Soutli
America, XI. 251.
SURKHAB, river. Central Asia, XII. 3;
XVIII. 103.
SURKHAN, river. Central Asi.i, xii. 3.
Surnames, x. 144; xvii. 169; in Eng-
land, VIII. 300.
Surplice, church vestment, VI. 463.
Surplus Value, Marx's theory of,
XXII. 211.
Surrender, in law, xxii. 692.
Surrentum (Sorrento), ancient town,
Italy, XXII. 276
Surrey, county, England, xxii. 693.
, Earl of, English poet, XXII. 694:
viil. 415; his relations with Wyat,
XXIV. 704.
Surrogate, ecclesia-sticnl deputy, xxii.
695.
, judicial admini.«trator, in U.S.A..
XXII. 695.
Surturbrand, mineral, xvi. 429.
Surveying, xxii. 695; geodesic, x.
163.
, Book of, agricultural work, I.
296.
Survey of London, Blow's, xxii. 580.
SurvillierS, Comte de fJoeeph Bona-
parte, q.v.), IV. 28.
Survival of the Fittest, in biology,
I. 87; VIII. 615, 750; XXIV. 80; in
relation to socialism, xxil. 219.
Survivorship, Pi-esumption of, xv.
779-
Sus, genus of ungulate mammais. vxil.
773-'
, Waay, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
SUSA, town, Italy, XXIL 722.
, to^^Ti, North Africa, XI. 366.
, ancient town, Persia, XXII. 722;
XXL 849; architectural remains at,
II. 400.
Susanna, of the Apocrypha, XXII. 723;
IL 181.
SUSANNITE, mineral, XVi. 400.
SUSARION, Greek comedian, XV. 82S.
SusL\NA (Elara), ancient province,
Persia, VII. 794; xiv. 68; asaParthiau
satrapy, xviii. 5S6, 592.
Suso, Heinrich, German mystic, x. 526;
xvii. 133.
Suspension Bridges, iv. 301; me-
chanics of, XV. 740.
Susquehanna, river, iJ.S.A.. xv. 603;
XVIII. 500.
Sussex, county, England, xxii. 723
Sussexite, mineral, xvi. 396.
SUSSMILCH, J. P., Prussian statistician,
XXII. 462.
Sustentation Fund, of Free Chm-ch
of Scotland, IX. 744.
Susu, dolphin of the Ganges, xil. 743.
Sutherland, county, Scotland, xxii.
726.
SUTLFJ, river, mnia, Xli. S47; XX. 107;
reached by Alexander, 1. 484.
SuTORS OF Cro.marty, licadland«,
Scotland, XX. S54.
Sutra of Re.\son and of Virtue,
by Laou-tsje, v. 664.
Sutras, in Sanskrit literature, xxi.
274-
SuTRO Tunnel, Coinstock mine.',
Nevada, U.S.A., xvu. 368.
Suttee, Hindu rite, xxii. 727; iv. 210;
abolition of, XII. 806.
Sutter, John Augustus, early settler
in California, XXI. 132; dL'scoverer of
gold there, I v. 694.
Sutton • Coldfield, to«-n, England,
XXIL 727.
Sutton-in-Ashfield, town, England,
XXIL 727; XVIL 598.
Sutures, Anatomy of, I. 832.
Sutz, lake-dwelling, Bieiine, Switzer-
land, XIV. 223.
SUVARNAMUKHI, river, Indi.-i, xvii.
320.
SuwAKlM (Suakin), seaport, Eed Sea,
Africa, XXII. 615, 316.
SUWALKI, government, Russian Poland,
XXIL 727; town, XXIL 728.
SuwaROFF, or Suvoroff, Alexander
VasQieWch, Russian general, XXII.
728; XXL 100; his retreat through
Switzerland," III. 130; his successes
against the Turks, XXIII. 647.
Suzdal, principality, Russia, xxi. 89;
town, XXIV. 271.
SUZITNSK, town, Siberia, xxill. 439.
SVANBERGITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
SVART, Peder, Swedish chronicler, XXM.
754-
Sveaborg, lOnxess, i-inlano, Russia,
XXIL 728.
SvEALAND, division of Sweden, xxii.
736.
SvEDBERG (Swedenborg, q.v.), Emanuel,
Swedish mystic, XXII. 758.
, Jesper, bishop of Skara, Swedi-^^li
poet, XXII. 755, 758.
Svendborg, town, Denmark, vii. 83.
Sverri, Norwegian chief, xvii. 588.
Sveto-Brdo, mountain, Dalmalio, vi.
783.
Sviatoslaff, j\uEsian chief, xxi. 88.
SviENClANY, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
SviR, river, Russia, XVll. 772; xxi. 73.
SviVACA, river, Russia, xxii. 76.
Swabbers, in primitive whist, xxiv.
543-
SwABiA, ancient duchy, Germany, xxii.
729.
, province, Bavaria, in. 453.
SWAFFHAM, town, England, xvii. 536.
SWAHILI, peoole. East Coast, Africa,
XXII. 729.
Coast, East Africa, xxiv. 768.
SWAINSON, William,' on birds, xvin. 13.
Swale, river, England, xxiv. 747.
SWALEDALE TrOUT, fish, X.XI. 223.
■Swallow, bird, xxii. 729; migration."
of, III. 769.
Swallowing, Process of, i. 838; xvii.
669.
Swammerdam, Jonn, Dutch natiualist,
XXIL 730; I. 812.
Swan, bird, xxii. 730.
Swanenburch, J. I. van, Dutcn
painter, XX. 373.
Swan-Goose, bin!, x. 778.
Swanherd, Royal, in Engl.-ind. xxil.
731-
Swanimote, forest court, eariy England,
IX. 409.
Swan-Pan, Chinese aritluuetical abacus,
L4.
Swan River, Western Australia, III.
107; XXIV. 507.
Swansea, town, Wales, xxil. 732.
Swarming, of bees, in. 495.
Swartz, Olof, Swedish botanist, xxil.
733-
Swatow, or Swartow, town, Chin.n,
XXII. 733.
Swearing, Judicial, xvu. 698.
and Cursing, Laws against, in.
807.
SwFJVT, Sweating, xvii. 685; sAvcal
glands, I. 899; exceasi\e sweating,
XXII. 120.
SwE.\TiNG Sickness, xxii. 734^
Sweden, xxii. 736; union of, with
Norway(i8i4), XVII. 589; Reformation
in, XX. 336; underCharles XIL, V. 420;
under Gustavus Adolphiis, xi. 333;
S W E — S Y M
425
ariiiitmy, 1.73, 76; army, 11.616; birds,
XMII. 17; chnrch, VIII. 491; rising
of the coast of, IV. 412; coins, XVII.
C53; fislicric!", IX. 267; forests, IX. 399;
Je«s in, XIII. 686; language, XXI.
370; Lapps, XIV. 305; libraries, XIV.
532, 549; mines, xvi. 469; newspapers,
XVII. 429; observatories, XVII. 714;
^icriodical literature, XVIII. 543; prison
Bystein, XIX. 763; railways, XX. 251;
weights and measures, XXIV. 496.
SWEDENBORG, Emanuel, Swedish
mystic, xxii. 758; xvil. 135; as theo-
dophist, XXIII. 279; Swedenborgianism,
xxii. 759.
Swedes, people of Northern Europe,
xxil. 744.
SwEDiAUR, Dr, on ambergris, I. 660.
Swedish Langu.\ge, xxi. 370 ; dic-
tionaries of, VII. 1S6.
Swedish Literature, xxii. 753.
Sweet, Henry, on sound notation, XXI..
385.
Brier, plant, vii. 698.
Flag, plant, ix. 280.
Gum, XIV. 687.
Oil, XX. 273.
Pea, garden annnal, XII. 249;
XVI H. 44 (.
Potato, xix. 597; xxiv. 727.
Sedge, plant, ix. 280.
William, plant, xix. 107.
Swegen, Sweyn, or Svend, Dano-
English king, viiir 287; vii. 84.
Sweinbiornsson, Hrafn, Icelandic
chief and poet, Xll. 625.
Swell, rolling waves, xxiv. 419.
SwEftKER Karlsson, Swedish king,
XXII. 745.
Swetambaras, Jain sect, India, xill.
544.
Sweyn, or Swegen, Dano-English king,
VII. 84, 89; viiL 287.
SwiETENiA, genus of trees, xv. 288.
Swift, bird, xxii. 760.
, Jonathan, dean of St Patrick's,
Dublin, satirist, xxiL 761; his ridicule
of astrology, 11. 743 ; his connexion
with newspapers, xvii. 416; as satirist,
XXI. 320; his place in English litera-
ture, VIII. 426; his relations with Sir
William Temple, XXIII. 172.
— — , Thomas, grandfather of Dean
Swift, XXII. 761.
Swimming, xxii. 76S.
Swindon, town, England, xxii. 772.
Swine, xxii. 772; xv. 430; i. 400;
diseases of, xxiv. 205, 206 ; as un-
clean animals, xxiii. 18.
Swinemunde, town, Prussia, XXII. 775.
SWINEPIPE, bird, XX. 318.
SwiNESHEAD ABBEY, Lincolnshire, Eng-
land, XIV. 656.
SwiNTON, to\vn, LaDcashire, England,
XXIL 775.
, town, Yorkshire, England, xxii.
775-
Swiss Confederation, xxii. 7S1.
Swiss Le.\cues (1320 and 1803), xxil.
783.
Swiss Literature, xxii. 796.
Switches, Railway, xx. 237.
Swithun, St, bishop of Winchester,
xxii. 775.
Switzerland, country, Europe, xxii.
776 (index, 800); Reformation in,
XX. 331; William Tell's place in its
history, XXIII. 155; Winkelried's,
XXIV. 612 ; Zwingli's Reformation
movement, XXIV. 833; Alps of, I.
625; army, 11. 616; coins, xvil. 656;
forests, IX. 403; confederate govern-
ment, IX. 62; Italian dialect spoken
in, XIIL 492; Jews in, XIII. 686; lake-
dwellings, XIV. 223; land-tenure, XIV.
262; libraries, XIV. 528, 548; news-
papers, XVII. 431; observatories, XVII.
713; periodical literature, XVIII. 542;
police system, XIX. 344; prison system,
XIX. 763; railways, XX. 231; univer-
sity statistics, xxiil. 849 ; weights
and measures, XXIV. 490; Zschokke's
works on, XXIV. 825; Dufour's survey
map of, VII. 515.
Sword, xxii. 800; vi. 733; ancient
swords, II. 553.
, Order of the Brothers of the,
Livonia, xiv. 724.
SWoRD-FiSH, XXII. 804; XV. 399.
SwYNDERLY, Lollard fanatic, xiv. 811.
Sybaris, town. Magna Graecia, Italy,
XXII. 805; river, XV. 37.
Sycamore, tree, xv. 524; culture of,
II. 317; use of the wood for carving,
XXIV. 645.
Fig, tree, IX. 154.
Sycandra, genus of sponges, xxii.
424.
Sycon Type, of sponges, xxil. 413.
Sycosis, disease, xviii. 269.
Sydenham, suburb of Lcaidon, England,
XXII. 805.
, Thomas, English physician, XXil.
805; XV. 811.
Sydney, town, New South Wales, xxil.
806; .III. 114; library, xiv. 550;
observatory, xvil. 716; university,
XXIII. 856.
— , Algernon, English statesman, xxil.
33-
Syene, ancient town, Egypt, vii. 783.
Syenite, rock, x. 234; xi. 49.
Syevsk, town, Russia, xvii. 826.
Sylburg, Friedrich, German scholar,
XXII. 809.
S^T-HET, district, Assam, India, xxil.
809; town, XXIL 810.
Syllabus, Papal (1864), xvii. 754.
Sylleum, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xviii. 207.
Syllogism, in logic, xiv. 785, 789; rhe-
torical, XX. 511; Aristotle on, II. 516.
Svlt, island, off Schleswig, North Sea,
XXIL 810; XXI. 414.
Syltoppar, mountain, Sweden, xxii.
736.
Svlva, Andr6 Nunes de, Portuguese
poet, XIX. 556.
Sylvana, Weber's opera, xxiv. 468.
Sylvanite, mineral, XVI. 393.
Sylvester I., pope, xxii. 74.
II., pope, XXIL 74; XIX. 497; aj
scholastic philosopher, XXI. 421.
III., pope, XXII. 76; XIX. 498.
, Russian writer, XXI. 104.
, James Joseph, mathematician, I.
516; on the rolling ellipsoid, XV. 737;
his four-point problem, XIX. 785.
Sylvl^, genus of birds, xviii. 53; xxiv.
366, 553, 688.
Sylviculture, or Forestry, ix. 397.
SYLVIID.E, family of birds, XXIV. 367.
Sylvine, mineral, xix. 588.'
Sylvite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Sylvius (Francis de la Boe), Dutch
chemist and uhysician, v. 460; xv.
810.
, jEneas (Pope Pius II.), xix. 152.
, Jacobus (Jacques Dubois), French
anatomist, I. 807; XXIL 676.
Symbhunatha, town, Nepal, xvii. 342.
Symbiosis, vegetable commensalism,
XVIII. 268.
Symbolic Method, or Calculus of
Operations, Xlii. 28.
Symbolics, department of theology, vi.
558, 565; XXIII. 276.
Symbolism, Mystic, xv. 202; of the
Physiologus, XIX. 7; zodiacal, yviv.
791; Lully's, XV. 64.
Symbols, Hieroglypbic, xi. 794, 802.
, Logical, XIV. 801.
, of number, XVII. 625.
Symbolum Quicunque, or Athanasiaa
Creed, VI. 562.
SVME, James, Scottish surgeon, xxil.
810.
Symeon, sumamed Metaphrastes, Bj -
zantine hagiographer, xxil. 811.
of Durliam, early English his-
torian, XXIL 811.
Symmachus, pope, XXIL Si I; xix.
492.
, Quintus Aurelius, Ronidn consul
and writer, XXIL 811; L 663.
Symmer, Robert, his electrical re-
searches, VIII. 7.
Symmetry, in algebra, i. 521.
, in geometry, XIX. 797.
Symonds, Symond, vicar of Bray,
XVIII. 552.
Sympathetic Nervous System, i.
883; XIX. 43.
Sympathy, Adam Smith on, xxii. 171.
SympHERopol, to\vn, Crimea, vi. 586.
Symphony, in music, xvii. 95.
-Svmpiezometer, variety of barometer,
III. 383.
Symplesite, mineral, XVI. 404.
Symposium, dialogue of Plato, xix.
2CX3.
XXV. — 54
426
S Y M— T A B
Symposium, Xenophon'e work, xxjv.
721.
Synagogue, Jewish, xxii. 811; the
Great, V. 3; XIII. 419.
System, its influence on Chris-
tianity, V. 698.
Syncerus, Actius (Jacopo Sannazai-o),
Italian poet, XXI. 267.
Synchondrosis of Bones, i. 832.
S\'NCOPE, or Fainting, XI. 554; xxil.
6&1.
— , Heat, sunstroke, xxil. 666; xvni.
394-
Syncretistic Controversy, in
Lutheran Church, iv. 707.
Synedrium, or Sanhedrin, Jewish
coimcO, XXII. 812; XIII. 424; of Paris,
decrees of (1806), XIII. 683; contro-
versy regarding, in Lutheran Church,
XV. 85.
Synergism, Melanchthon's doctrine of,
XV. 834.
Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, xxil.
812; as hymn-writer, XII. 579; as
Neoplatonist philosopher, XVII. 337.
Synetheres, genus of rodent mammals,
XIX. 51S; XV. 42a
Syngenite, mineral, x .. 402.
Syngnathus, genus of fishes, XIX. I
1X2.
Synn.\d.4 (Kara Hissar;, ancient town,
Asiatic Turkey, xiv. 2.
Synocha, or Eelansing Fever, disease,
xxiii. 6S0.
Synod, ecclesiastical assembly, VI. 510;
in Presbyterianism, XIX. 677, 679,
681, 693.
, Robber, at Ephesus, xiv. 44S.
Synodontis, genus of fishes, xxil. 68.
Synceca, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
Synoptic\l Gospels, The, x. 789.
Syntagma Musicum, Proetorius's work,
xix. 656.
S\'NT.a.gma Philosophicum. Gassendi'a
work, X. 106.
Syntax, in grammar, xi. 38; of Aryan
language, XVIII. 790.
Syntengs. race of oeople, India, xiil.
544-
Synthesis, Relation of, to analysis, i.
793 ; as mental process, XX. 5 1 ; psycho-
logical forms of, XX. 78.
Syphax, king of Numidia, xv. 60S;
XVII. 627.
Syphilis, disease, xvin. 404; xxii. 686;
use of mercury for, xvi. 35; vaccinal,
XXIV. 27.
Syphon, hydraulic apparatus, xxil. 95.
Syra, Greek island, xxil Si 3.
Syracuse, town, Sicily, xxii. 8 13, 17;
Tuuoleon's rule in, XXIII. 397; cata-
combs of St John at, V. 215; coins of,
XVII. 638; system of conduits at, IL
219.
, town, Jsew York, U.S.A., xxil.
818.
Syr-Daria, river. Central Asia, XXII.
818; IX. 85; XI. 822; XX. 95; xxiil.
511, 512.
SyR-DARi.\, province, Russian Tur-
kestan, XXIL 819.
Syren, sound-producing instrument, I.
109.
Syria, country, Asia, xxil 821; II. 686;
XXIIL 653; Phoenician, XVIII. 801;
invasion of, by the Arabs, 11. 257;
under the Seljuks, XXI. 636; conquest
of, by the Turks, XXIII. 643;
Napoleon's invasion of (1799X X"'li.
201; coins of, XVII. 649.
Syri.\c C.\non, v. 12.
Syri.\c Langu.^ge, il 307; XXI. 649;
dictionaries of, VII. 189.
SYRIAC LITER.4TURE, XXII. 824.
SvRiAc Numerals, xvil 625.
Syri.\n Church, xxil 827.
Syringa, genus of trees, Xiv. 640.
Syrlin, Jbrg, German sculptor, XXL
565.
Svro-Chaldeans, of Church of Rome,
XX. 631.
Syrokoml.% Polish writer, XIX. 305.
Syrophcenicia, district. Western Asia,
XXIL 823.
Syros (Sj-ra), Greek island, xxii. 813.
Syrrhaptes, genus of birds, XXI. 258.
SvRUPS, sugar products, XXII. 627.
Syrus, Ephraem, early Christian writer,
VIIL 470; XXII. 827; as hymn-writer,
XII. 579.
, Publius, Latin farce-writer, xiv.
164.
Syssitl\, the public mess, at Sparta,
XV. 96.
Systema Nature, LLnmnusrs work,
XIV. 673.
Systeme de la Nature, by Holbach,
XII. 53; i.x. 669.
Sytchevka, tovra, Russia, XXII. 183.
S\'TTENDEMAi-Poesi, in Norwegian
literature, xvii. 590.
Syzran, tow-u, Russia, xxii. 856.
SZAB.4.DKA, tovra, Hungary, XXII. 856.
Sz.-iBOlTE, mineral, xvi. 417.
SZAIBELYITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
Szajnoch.\, Karl, Polish historian, XIX.
305.
SZAMOS, rivei-, Transylvania, XXIIL 252.
SZARVAS, town, Hungary, XXIL 856.
SzaRz^oiski, Polish poet, XIX. 301.
Szatmar-Nemeti, town, Hungaiy,
XXIL S56.
SzczEWO (DiiBchau), town, Prussia,
VII. 257.
Szczucz^TJ, to^\•n, Russia, XIV. 817.
SzECHENYl, Count Stephen, Hunganan
leader, XII. 371.
Sze-Chuen, province, China, v. 638.
SZEGEDIN, tovm, Hungary, XXII. 856.
SZEKLERS, people, Transylvania, XXIIL
522,
SZENTES, town, Hungary, XXII. 8 56.
SZIDLOWIEC, town, Poland, XX. 218.
SziGET, town, Hungary, xxiL 856.
town, Palestine.
Tripoli, North
SZOBOSZLO. Eajdu, town, Hungary, ir ,
377-
SzoLNOK, town, Hungary, xxii. 856.
SzujSKi, Polish historian, XIX. 305.
SZYMONOWICZ, Polish poet, XIX. 301
'T' the twentieth letter of the alphabet,
•*■ > XXIIL I.
Taal, volcano, Philippines, XVIII. 749
Taas, or Pagodas, Chinese, II. 449.
Tab, river, Persia, XVIII. 620.
Tab.\rd, in mediaeval costume, VI. 470.
Tabari, Arab historian, xxili. i j XVHL
656.
Tabarin.\des, sjiccies 01 Frcncn drama,
VII. 424.
Tabariya (Tiberias),
XXIIL 334.
Tabarka, harbour,
Africa, XXIIL 575.
Tab.\s, town, Persia, XViii. 627.
Tabascheer, concretion formed in
joints of bamboo. III. 306.
Tabasco, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
Tabassaranians, Caucasian tribe, xiv.
475
Tab.\xir, coiiciction tornica in joints d
bamboo. III. 306.
Tabenn^ in Upper Egj-jjt, Monastery
of, XVI. 700.
Tabergite, mineial, xvi. 414.
Tabernacle, of Scripture, xxill. 5.
, in architecture, II. 474.
Tabernacles, Feast of, Jewish, xxili.
6.
Tabes Dorsalis, disease, xviii. 392.
Tabinet, variety of cloth, XIX. 512.
Tabiti, Scythian deity, XXI. 576.
Tablas, island, Philippine.'!, XVIII. 752.
Tablazo, or Plateau, region, Peru, XVIH.
670.
T.'^BLE, in furniture, ix. 850.
Bay, South Africa, v. 50.
Table-Lands, Formation of, x. 374.
Table Mountain, South Africa, v.
42, 50.
Tables, Mathematical, xxill. 7.
, Statistical, XXIL 465.
, The XII., in Roman kw, XIV. 328;
XX. 678, 737.
Table Talk, Luthers, i. 785; XV. 84;
Selden's, I. 78 5; XXL 631.
Ti\BLETS, of ivory, IV. 37; for WTiting,
VII. 257; XVIII. 143.
Table - Turning, at spiritualislic
seances, XXIL 405, 406.
Taboo, system of religious prohibitions,
XXIIL 15; XX. 365; in Polynesia,
XIX. 420; connexion of, With totem-
ism, XXIII. 46S.
Tabor, mountain, Palestine, XVIIL 171.
, musical instrument, XIX. i ro.
Taborites, section of the Hussites
(q.v.), XII. 407; XVI. 811.
Tabriz, or Tabreez, town, Persia, xxill.
:8; xvia 626, 628.
T A B- T A L
427
Tabu (T-'atoo, g.v.), xxili. 15.
Tabularium, building, ancient Kome,
XX. 825.
Tacamahac, tree, xix. 512.
Tacarigua, lagoon, Venezuela, xxiv.
34-
Tachhydrite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Ta-chien-lu, town, Tibet, xxill. 342.
Tachim, river, Siam, XXI. 850.
Tachos, Egyptian prince, xviil. 579.
Tachygldssus, genus of monotreme
mammals, VII. 628.
Tachygraphy, or Shorthand, xxi.
836; in ancient MSS., XVIII. 164.
Tacitus, Roman historian, XXIII. 19;
on the early Christians, XIII. 657; his
language and style, XIV, 337 ; his
place in Roman literature, XX. 725;
Lipsius's edition of, xiv. 686.
, M. Claudius, Roman emperor,
xxill. 20.
Tacking, in seamanship, XXI. 599.
Tackle, in mechanics, xv. 763.
, Fishing, II. 44.
Tacloban, town, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 752.
Tacna, town, Chili, xviii. 674.
Tacsonia, genus of plants, XVlII.
343-
Tactics, Military, xxiv. 353; modem
changes in, II. 565; naval, XXIV. 365.
Tactile Sense, xxiii. 478; xi. 554.
Tadjiks, or Tajiks (?.f.), races of
people, Asia, xxiil. 25.
Tadmor, or PalmjTa, ancient town,
Syria, xviii. 198; vi. 199.
Tadorna, genus of birds, xxi. 788.
Tadousac, fish-breeding station, Can-
ada, XX. 167.
Tadpole, of frog, ix. 795; xxiv. 179;
of ascidian, xxiv. 1 79.
TAENIA, genus of tape-worms, XXIII. 50,
54; XXIV. 205, 206.
TjENIAT^e, group of Actinozoa, i. 132.
Tae-yuen Foo, to-i™, China, v. 634.
Taffeta, variety of cloth, xxiii. 210.
Tafia, inferior quality of rum, xxi. 58.
Tafilelt, oasis, xxiiL 21; xvi. 832.
Tagal, town, Java, xiii. 606.
Tagalog, language, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 753.
Tagals, race of people, Philippine
Islands, xviii. 753.
Taganrog, town, Russia, xxiii. 21.
TaGARCHI, town, Turkestan, XXIV.
728.
Tagawost, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
Tagbilaran, town, Philippine Islands,
XVIII. 752.
Tagetes, genus of plants, xv. 544.
Taghardeit, town. North Africa, x.
76.
Tagharma Peak, mountain, Turke-
stan, xxiii. 637.
Taghil, or Nijne-Taghilsk, town, Russia,
XVII. 500; XVIII. 550.
'XaGILITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
Tagliacozzi, Gasparo, Bolognese
surgeon, XXIII. 21.
Taglioni, Marie, Italian ballet-dancer,
XXIII. 21.
, Italian farinaceous food, XV. 125.
Tagus, river, Sp»jn and Portugal,
XXIII. 21; XXII. 295.
Tahitians, race of people, xxill. 23.
Tahiti Archipelago, Pacific Ocean,
XXIII. 22; barrier reef of, xvin. 129;
taboo system in, xxill. 16.
Tahmasp, shah of Persia, xvill. 636.
II,, of Persia, XVIII. 640.
Tahoe, Lake, California and Nevada,
U.S.A., IV. 698; XVH. 367.
Taif, district, Arabia, xv. 669; town,
XVI. 550, 560.
Taiko, Japanese title, XIII. 583.
Taikun (Tycoon), Japanese ruler, Xlil.
584.
Tai Lake, China, v. 632.
Tai li-amr-illah, caliph, xvi. 588.
Tailor-Bird, xxiv. 367.
Taimoro, tribe, Madagascar, XV. 171.'
Tain, to\vn, Scotland, XX. 854.
Taine, Hyppolite Adolphe, French
writer, IX. 681; on aesthetics, I. 220;
on the fine arts, IX. 214.
Tai-Ping Rebellion, China, v. 652.
Taira, Japanese clan, XIII. 582.
Taisaka, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
Tai-Sh'aN, mountain, China, v. 633.
Tait, B. Guthrie, his experiments in
thermo-electricity, VIII. 98; (with Sir
W. Thomson) on tidal retardation of
earth's rotation, xxlll. 377.
Tai-tsung, emperor of China, v. 645.
Taiwan (Formosa, q.v.), island, China,
IX. 415.
TAlvifANFU, town, Formosa, China, IX.
417.
Tai-yuan, town, China, v. 634.
Tajaks, or Tajiks, races of people, Asia,
XXIIL 25; 1. 235, 243; IV. i; IX. 85;
XII. 3 ; XIV. 64 ; XXIL 820 ; xxiii.
25.
Tajand, river, Persia, xviii. 626.
Tajiks, or Tajaks (q.v.), races of people,
Asia, XXIII. 25.
Taj-Mahal, mausoleum, Agra, India,
I. 286.
Tajo, or Tagus, river, Spain and P^ortu-,
gal, XXIII. ?i; XXIL 295.
Tajpur, district, India, XVII. 114.
Taka, region, Nubia, xvii. 611.
Takazze, affluent of Atbara, Africa,
XVII. 507.
Takhti Jamshid, or Persepolis (q.v.),
ancient town, Persia, xviii. 558.
Takka, Punjab tribe, India, xx. no.
Takla-makan, desert, Turkestan,
XXIII. 638.
Talaghat, tract in Salem district,
India, XXI. 21a
Talamanca Indians, Central America,
VI. 450.
Talang, volcano, Sumatra, XXI I. 638.
Talas Ala-tau, mountains, Turkestan,
XXII. 82a
Talat Musa, mountain, Syria, xiv.
394-
Talavera DE la Reina, tou-n, Spain,
XXIII. 25; battle of (1809), .xxiv.
495-
Talbot, Family of, English aristocracy,
XXIII. 25.
, Sir John, earl of Shrewsbury,
XXIII. 25; in France, IX. 550; viceroy
of Ireland, xiii. 261.
, Richard, earl of Tyrconnel, XIII.
268.
, William Henry Fox, English
scientist and archaeologist, xxiir. 27;
his photographic process, XVIII. 824.
Talbot's Bands, of light, xxiv. 441.
TaLBOTYPE, in photography, XXIII. 27.
Talc, mineral, x. 228; xv. 217; xvi
414.
Talca, town. Chili, XXIII. 27; province,
V. 617.
Talcosite, mineral, xvi. 424.
Talegallus, genus of birds, XV. 827.
Talent, ancient measure of weight,
XXIV. 486; money, XVII. 631.
Tale of a Tub, Swift's work, xxii.
763.
Tales, or Stories, xxill. 27; in romance
literature, XX. 632; as folk-lore, ix.
358.
OF Fashionable Life, Edge-
worth's, VII. 654.
— - of a Grandfather, Scott^s, xxi.
551-
of a Traveller, Irvng's work.
XIII. 373-
of a Wayside Inn, Longfellow's
poem, XIV. 861.
Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon, English
judge and dramatic \vTiter, XXIII. 29.
Taliacotius (Gasparo TagUacozzi),
Italian surgeon, XXIIL 21.
Taliessin, Welsh poet, v. 317.
Talipes, or Clubfoot, vi. 42.
Talipot Palm, xviii. 191.
Talisman, or Amulet, l 781; xv. 203.
Tallage, English tax, xxiii. 29.
Tallahassee, town, Florida, U.S.A.,
IX. 339-
Tallard, Camille d' Hostun, Oomte de,
French marshal, IX. 581.
Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles
Maurice, French politician, XXIII. 29.
Talliage, English tax, XXili. 29.
Tallien, Jean Lambert, French Revolu-
tionist, XXIIL 32.
Tallies, Exchequer, ix. 182.
Tallingite, mineral, XVL 385.
Tallis, Thomas, English musical com-
poser, xxiii. 33; XVII. 85.
Tallith, Jewish prayer-scari-es, xix.
I.
Tallow, animal fat, xxiil. 34; xvii.
739. 743. 746-
Oils, xvii. 744.
428
T A L — T A O
Tallys, or Tallis, Thomas, English
composer, xxni. 33; xvii. 85.
Talma, Joseph Franjois, French trage-
dian, xxiii. 35; VII. 425.
Talmud, in Jewish literature, xxin.
35; xiu. 429; xvL 2S6, 504; XX. 852;
XL 600; references of, to Jesus Christ,
XIIL 659; Deutsch on, vn. 134.
Talpa, genus of insectivorous mammals,
XVL 608; XV. 404.
Talpurs, dynasty in Sind, India, XXIL
92.
Taluk, snbdistrkt, India, xv. 180.
Talukdars, territorial magnates of
Oudh, India, XIL 772.
Talvj (Mrs Robinson), German writer,
XX. 607
Talwar, weapon, xxiL 802.
Talys, or Tallis, Thomas, English
musical composer, XXIIL 33 ; XVIL
85.
Talysh, ihanate, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XIV. 446.
Tam, Eabbenu, rabbinic scholar, XXIIL
39-
Tamagaki, temple at Nikko, Japan,
XVIL 503.
Tamakam, Indian building, Madura,
India, xv. 193.
Tamandua, edentate mammal, xV.
386.
Tamaqua, town, Peni)sylvaiua, U.S.A.,
XXIIL 40.
Tamar, river, Tasmania, xxill. 72.
Tail\ra, island. Sierra Leone, XXII.
45-
Tamarack, tree, xxiii. 809.
TamArida, town, Socotra, Indian Ocean,
XXII. 231.
Tamarind, fruit, xxiii. 40.
Tamarisk, shrub, xxiii. 40.
Manna, xv. 493.
Tam.\R1X, genus of shrubs, XXIII. 40.
Taiiatave, town, Madagascar, XV.
175-
Tamatia, bird, XX. loi.
Tail\ulip.\s, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
Tambo (Apurimac), river,' Venezuela,
II. 217.
, river, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216.
Tamboff, government, Russia, xxili.
40; town, xxiii. 41.
Tambookieland, district. South Africa,
XIIL 817.
Tambour, in fortification, ix. 424.
Tamburlaine the Great, Marlowe's
drama, xv. 556.
Tamerlane (Timur, q.v.), Mongol
conqueror, XXIIL 399.
Tamiang, river, Sumatra, XXII. 63...
Tamias, genus of rodent mammals, xxil.
438.
Tamil Language, xxul 42; diction-
aries of, VII. 191.
Tamils, people of India, xxill. 41.
T\M1M, Bani, Arab tribes, xvil. 773.
Tamincono, affluent of Niger, Africa,
XVIL 496.
Tamluk, town, India, xvi. 284.
Tammam, Abu, or Abu-Temmam,
Arabian poet, L61; XTL 539; IL363;
XL 402.
Tammany Society, New York, xvii.
463-
Tammy-Norie, bird, XX. 101.
Tampassuk, river and waterfall, North
Borneo, XXI. 133.
Tam-sui, town, Formosa, CBiina, ix.
417.
Tam-tam, Indian drum, vii. 479.
Tamus, genus of plants, xxiv. 727.
Tamworth, town, England, xxill. 44.
Tam-zi, of Babylonian deluge-legend,
VIL 55.
Tana, Lake, Abyssinia, xvil 507.
, river, Norway, xvil. 576.
Tana-Dowang (Saleiyer), island,
Indian Archipelago, XXL 21a
Tanager, bird, xxill. 45.
Tanagr.\, genus of birds, xxill. 45.
, town, Boeotia, Greece, in. 854;
terra-cotta remains at, xxill. 191.
Tanah Malayu, op Malay Peninsula,
• Asia, XV. 32a
I Tanah Sasak (Lombok), island, Indian
I Archipelago, xiv. 816.
Tanais (Don), river, Russia, vn. 356.
Tanala, tribe, Madatrascar, xv. m,
174.
Tanampet, suburb of Madras, India,
XV. 189.
Tanaro, river, Italy, xin. 435.
Tanbur, Arab lute, xv. 70.
Tanchelm, heretical monk of Zecland,
XXIV. 323.
Tancred, king of Sicily, xxiil. 45;
XXII. 26.
, crusader, XXIIL 45; VI. 624.
Tand.\, town, India, xvill. 72.
Tandjong Padan, toivTi, Billiton,
Indian Archipelago, III. 677.
Taney, Roger B., American judge and
financier, XXIII. 690.
Tangan, horse of Bhutan, India, ill.
632.
Tanganyika, Lake, Central Africa,
XXIIL 45; I. 256; XIV. 217, 221; dis-
covery of, I. 247; X. 194; exploration
of, by Livingstone, XIV. 722; connexion
of, with the Congo, xxiv. 763; marked
on early Italian map, X. 183.
Tangbac, town, Chilian Patagonia,
XVIII. 352.
Tangena, tree, Madagascar, XV. 170.
Ta.<GENT, in trigonometry, XXIIL 563.
, Drawing of, to a curve, XIIL 6,
24.
Tangerang, town, Java, xiii. 606.
Tangermunde, town, Pi'ussia, Church
of St Stephen's at, XXlll. 194.
Tangi, town, India, xviii. 684.
Tangiers, or Tangier, town, Morocco,
xxiil. 46; XVI. 830.
Tang-Kang, town, Formosa, Cliina, IX..
417.
Tangle, edible Algse, i. 508.
Tanguts, people, Turkestan, xxin.
639.
Tangye, Messrs, their steam-engine,
XXII. 512.
TanhaUSER, of German legend, xxill.
46.
Tanhuma, Midrash, xvi. 287.
Tanis (Zoan), town, Egypt, vii. 769.
T.\N!STRY, Irish land tenure, XIIL 218;
XIX. 736.
Tanist Stones, in Scotland, xxi. 51.
Tanjore, district, India, xxiil. 46;
town, XXIIL 47; temples at, II. 396;
library of rajah of, XIV. 533.
Tankards, silver plate, xi.x. 186.
Tanna, island. New Hebrides, xvil.
395-
DEBE Eliyyahu, Midrash, xvi.
287.
Tannah (Thana), district, India, xxill.
220; town, XXIIL 221.
Tannahill, Robert, Scottish poet,
XXIIL 47.
Tannaim, Talmudic teachers, xxiii. 36.
Tannforsen, waterfall, Sweden, xxil.
737-
Tannhauser, of German legend, xxill..
46.
Tannin, tanning substances, xxiil. 47;
XIV. 381.
Tanning, of leather, xiv. 381.
Tansy, herb, xii. 289
Tantalais, Asia Minor, Tomb at, 11.-
401.
Tantalem, island, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 321.
Tantalic Ochre, mineral, xvi. 3S9.
T.\NTALIS, to\ni, Asia Minor, XV. 9S.
Tantalite, mineral, xvi. 427.
Tantalum, chemical element, v. 541;:
XVIL 513.
Tantalus, of Greek mythology, xxiil.
48; xviii. 480.
Tanti Language, Indian, xviii. 183.
Tantras, Brahman histories, XXI. 283.
Ta-VURIDES, family of acarids, II. 276.
Tan-VaNG (Nanking), ancient town,
China, XVII. 171.
Taoism, or Taouism, Chinese religion,
V. 671; XIV. 395; XX. 363; in Tibet,
XXIIL 344; literature of, V. 664.
TaoniJnsis, PhUippus, on birds, xviii.
3-
Taoniscus, genus of birds, XXIII. 403.
Taormina, town, Sicily, xxiii. 48;
XVII. 302.
Taos, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
XVI I. '399.
Tao Sil.\lahi, lakr, Sumatra, xxil.
638.
Tao-Teh-King, Chinese book, XIV.
295, 296.
Taou-Kwang, emperor of China, v.-
T A P — T A S
429
Tapaculo, bird, XXIII. 49.
Tapajos, river, Brazil, XXI. "29S.
Tapamanu, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIII. 22.
Tap.^nhuna, issue of Negro and Indian,
XVII. 319.
Tapanuli, i-esidency, Sumatra, XXII.
639-
Tapestry, ornamental textile, xxiii.
211; ancient, xxill. 208; of Bayeux,
III. 458; of Eheims, xx. 507.
Carpets, v. 130.
Tape-Worms, xxiii. 49; their patho-
logical effects, XXIII. 53; method of
treatment lor removal, XXIII. 53.
Taphozous, genus of bats, xv. 413.
Taphrura (Sfax), ancient town. Tunis,
XXI. 726.
Tapioca, article of food, xxill. 56.
Tapiolite, mineral, xvi. 427.
Tapir, ungulate mammal; xxill. 56;
XV. 428; of South America, I. 682.
Tap o' Noth, Aberdeenshire, Scotland,
Vitrified fort at, xxiv. 264.
Tappan, tree, Borneo, iv. 57.
Bay, Hudson river, U.S.A., xil.
331-
Taprobane, or Ceylon (j.v.\ v. 304.
Tapti, river, India, xv. 21; xiv. 56;
XXII. 667.
Tapu, or Taooo (q.v.), xxill. 15.
TapUN, bird, XV. 827.
Taqi, Mir, Urdu pott, XI. 84S.
Tar, XXIII. 57; mineral, II. 715; from
pine roots, XIX. 104. See also Tar-
Water.
Tara, town, Russia in Asia, xxil. 11;
XXIII. 430.
, royal seat, Meath, Ireland, XV.
669; assembly of (554), Xlll. 250.
Tarabulus (Tripoli), town, Syria,
XXIII. 576.
Tarafa, Arabic poet, XVI. 537.
Tarai, district, India, xxili. 59; XI.
824.
Tarangini, Raja, metrical history of
kings of Kashmir, XIV. 13.
Taranjis, or Tarantchis, Turkish triljes,
Turkestan, XXIII. 636, 661.
Tarantism, dancing mania, XXIII. 60.
Taranto (Taientum), to\TO, Italy,
XXIII. 61.
, Liake of (Macdonald), marshal of
France, XV. 135.
Tarantula, spider, xxill. 60.
Tarap.\ca Coast, Peru, Guano deposits
of, XVIII. 675.
Tarapons, race of people, Polynesia,
XIX. 426.
Tarare, town, France, XXIII. 60; XX.
529.
Taras, ancient to\vn, Italy, xxill. 61.
Tarascon, town, France, xxiil. 60.
Tar.^sp, spa, Austiia, XVU435.
Taraxacum, genus of plants, xx"l. 61 ;
VI. 802.
TarbES, town, France, xxiii. 61.
Tardigradides, family of acarids, II.
276.
Tarentaise, valley, Savoie, France,
XXI. 332.
Tarentum, ancient town, Italy, XXlll.
61; XX. 136; coins of, XVII. 637;
terra-cotta remains at, XXIII. 193.
Tares, or Vetches, forage crop, i. 376.
T.\RGET, in archery, II. 376.
Targitaus, Scythian patriarch, XXI.
576.
Targum, in Jewish literature, XXIII.
62; III. 641; XIII. 429; XVI. 286.
Tarifa, town, Spain, XXII!. 65.
Tariffs, Effects of, on commerce, VI.
203.
Tarija, department, Bolivia, IV. 10.
Tarik, Moslem general, XVI. 572;
XXII. 309.
Tarim, river, Turkestan, xxin. 638.
Tarlatan, cotton fabric, xvii. 109;
manufacture of, at Tarare, XXIII. 60.
Tarleton, John, English jester, IX.
366.
Tarma, towa, Peru, xviii. 675.
Tarn, department, France, XXIII. 65.
Tarnak, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
Tarn - et - Garonne, department,
France, XXIII. 65.
Tarnopol, town, Galicia, Austria,
xxiii. 66.
Taro, food-plant in Poljmesia, XIX.
419.
Tarpaulin, wateiproof material, xxiii.
66.
Tarquinii, Etruscan town, Italv, viii.
634.
Tarquinius Priscus, Lnciaa, Roman
king, XXIII. 66; XX. 733.
Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius, Roman
king, XXIIL 66; XX. 734.
Tarquino, Pico de, mountain, Cuba,
VI. 679.
Tarquins, kings of Rome, xx. 733.
Tarraco (Tarragona), Roman colony,
Spain, XXIIL 67.
Tarraconensis, Hispania, Roman
province, Spain, XXII. 307.
Tarragon, herb, xii. 289.
Tarragon.^, province, Spain, xxill.
66; toTvn, xxitl. 66; aqueduct near,
II. 221.
Wine, Spain, xxiv. 607.
Tarr\'T0wn, town. New York, U.S.A.,
XII. 331.
Tars (Tarsus), Cloth of, XXIII. 210.
Tarshish, Phoenician colony, xvill.
806.
Tarsia- Work, or Marquetry, xiii. 81.
Tarsier, lemur, xiv. 443.
Tarsi pes, genus of marsupial mammals,
XV. 382.
Tarsius, genus of lemurs, xiv. 443.
Tarsus, ancient towni, Asia Minor,
XXIII. 67; V. 777.
, or Ankle, Anatomy of, I. 830 ; of
mauunals, xv. 360.
TartaGLIA, or Tartalea, Niccol6, Italian
mathematician, XXIII. 68; on algebra,
I. 513; on projectiles, XI. 297; his
controversy with Cardan, v. 90.
Tartan, chequered cloth, xxiir. 68;
costume, VI. 478.
Tartar, Cream of, vi. 556.
Emetic, drug, xxni. 69.
Tartarian Lamb, stock of a tree-fern,
xxiii. 535.
Tartaric Acid, xxih. 69; enantio-
niorphism of, XIX. 314.
Tartarides, family of aracbnids, 11.
288.
Tartar Language, xxiii. 661; xxiv.
i; dictionaries of, Vll. 192.
Tartars, or Tatars, Ural-Altaic people,
XXIII. 70; XVI. 746; II. 697; XIV. 95;
of the Crimea, VI. 5S6; xvi. 748; in
Russia, XXI. 79; Samoyede clans, xxi.
251; Friar John'? travels among, v.
132-
Tartarus, of Greek mythology, xxiii.
71-
Tartary, xxiii. 70: Rubruquis's travels
in, XXI. 46.
Tartessus (Tarshish), Phcenician
colony, XVIII. 806.
Tartini, Giuseppe, Italian violinist and
composer, xxill. 71; xvii. 93.
Trrtini's Beats, in music, xxiv.
421.
Tartuffe, Moliire's play, xvi. 628.
Tarudant, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
Tarvisium (Treviso), ancient town,
Italy, XXIII. 554.
Tar- Water, vil 263; xvii. 516;
Berkeley on the medicinal virtues of,
III. 590.
Tasar (or Tussur) Worm, silkworm,
XXII. 60; silk from, Xll. 752.
Tasgaon, town, India, XXI. 317.
Tashauz, tovm, Khiva, Asia, XIV. 64.
Tashfyn, or Tashnfin, Yussef ibn,
Moorish general in Spain, I. 595 ; xix.
539; XXII. 316.
Tashilunpo, monastery, Tibet, XXIII.
340.
Tashkend, town. Central Asia, XXIII.
71; observatory at, xvii. 716.
Tashkurgan, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
Tasili, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
Task, The, Co^^•per's poem, vi. 534.
TaSMAN, Abel Janszen, Dutch narigator,
XXIII. 72; X. 186; his discoveries in
Australasia, III. 103; discoverer of
New Zealand, XVII. 471.
Tasm.\NIA, island, Australasia, XXIIL
72; Flinders's circumnavigation of, IX.
324; forests, IX. 407; mines, XVL 471;
newspapers, xvii. 437.
Tasmanian Devii^ marsupial mammal,
XV. 380; xxiii. 74.
Tasmanian Gum-Tree, i. 88.
TasSEREMUT, town, Morocco, XVI. 832.
430
Tassie, James, Scottish gem-engraver,
XXIII. 75.
, William, gem-engraver, xxiil. 75.
Tasso, Torquato, Italian poet, XXIII.
75; XIII. 510; as pastoral poet, XVIII.
345; Fairfax's translation of, vill.
851.
Island, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, XXII. 44.
Tassoni, Alessandro, Italian poet, XXllL
79-
Taste, Sense of, xxiii. 79; in bees, 111.
4SS; organs of, in man, I. 896; in
Crustacea, VI. 639; in fishes, XII. 653;
in mammals, XV. 367.
, of minerals, xvi. 379.
TATARBAZARjlKjdepartment, Eoumelia,
XXI. 21.
Tatar (or Tartar) Language, xxiii.
661.; XXIV. i; dictionaries of, VII. 192.
Tatars, or Tartars (?.v.), Ural-Altaic
people, XXIII. 70; XVI. 746.
Tate, Nahum, English hymn-writer,
XXIII. 80; psalms and hymns by,
XII. 590.
■ , Thomas, his double-action air-
pvimp, I. 429.
Tatian, Christian apologist, XXIII. 80.
Tatischeff, BasU, Russian historian,
XXI. 106.
Tatius, Achilles, Alexandrian romance-
write-r, XX. 635.
, Titus, king of the Sabines, XX.
840.
Tatler, The, Steele's journal, XVIII.
537;- XXII. 528; Addison's connexion
with, I. 148.
Tatouav, edentate mammal, xv. 387.
Tats, or Tajaks (j.i'-X Iranian peoples,
Asia, XXIII. 25.
Ta-tsing, dynasty of China, v. 649,
653.
Tatta, salt lake, Asia Minor, II. 704.
TaTTERSALL's, horse mart, London, XIV.
829.
Tatti, Jacopo (Jacopo Sansovino),
Italian architect and sculptor, xxi.
295.
Tattooing, xxii. 548; m totem clans,
XXIII. 469.
Tatua, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
Tatusia, genus of edentate mammals,
XV. 3S7.
Tauamat Niha, mountain, Syria,
XIV. 393.
Taudeni, oasis, Africa, xvii. 695.
Taulebe, Lake of, Honduras, XII. 130.
Tauler, Johann, German mystic, XXIII.
82; X. 526; XVII. 133, 4S6.
Taunton, town, England, xxiii. 82.
, town, Massaohusetts, U.S.A., xxill.
83.
Taupo, Lake, New Zejiland, xvii. 467.
Tauretha, Gabriel, Syriac writer,
XXII. 843.
Taurida, government, Russia, XXIII.
8s.
T A S — T C H
Taurini, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
639.
Taurisci, ancient people, Enrope, xvii.
538
Tauriscus of Tralles, Greek scnlptor,
II. 187.
Tauroentum, ancient town, Var,
France, xxiv. 69.
Tauromenium (Taormina), ancient
town, Sicily, xxiil. 48.
Taurus, mountains, Asia Minor, xrv.
156; XV. 93; region of, II. 704.
Tausiks, or Tajaks (j.r.), Iranian
peoples, Asia, XXIII. 25.
Tautochrone (Cycloid), in mechanics,
XV. 706.
Tautog, fish, XXIV. 686.
Tau Totonal, mountain, Cancasus, v.
253.
Tauut, Egyptian divinity, Vll. 718.
TavastEhus, province, Finland, ix.
217.
Taverner, Richard, his edition of tjie
English Bible, VIII. 386.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, French
Oriental traveller, XXIII. 83.
Tavghi Samoyedes, race of people,
Russia, XXI. 251.
Tavira, town, Portugal, xxiil. 84.
Tavistock, town, England, xxiii. 84.
Taviuni, one of the Fiji Islands, IX.
156.
Tavon, bird, XV. 827.
Tavoy, district, Burmah, XXill. 85.
Tavris (Tabriz), town, Persia, XXIII. 18;
xviii. 626, 628.
Tawaf, religious rite, Mecca, xv. 673.
Tawe, river, Wales, XXII. 732.
Tawilah (Kishm), island, Persian Gulf,
XIV. 102.
Tawing, of leather, xrv. 389; in glove-
making, X. 692.
Taxace^ group of plants, xxiv. 744.
Taxacis, Scythian sovereign, xxi. 576.
Taxation, xxiii. 85; history of, ix.
171; in relation to protection, IX. 755;
royal prerogative of, XIX. 672; British,
viii. 242; in United States, xxili.
827; Ricardo on, xx. 534; XIX. 374.
Taxidermy, xxiii. 89.
Taxila, ancient town, India, XX. 110,
298; Bactrian inscription at, III.
222.
TaxodiUM, genus of trees, XXI. 673.
Taxonomy, biological classification, ill.
683; II. 49; its relation to morphology,
XVI. 838, S45; influence of DamTnian
doctrine on, XXIV. 810.
Taxus, genus of trees, XXIV. 743.
Tay, river, Scotland, xxiil. 91; xviil.
665; raihvay bridge across estuary of,
IV. 34a
, Loch, Scotland, XI v. 217, 221;
XVIII. 666.
Taygetus, mountain, Greece, xiv. 193.
Taylor, Arthur, on ancient London,
XIV. 841
Taylor, Bayard, American writer, XX ir
91.
, Brook, English mathematiciai"
XXIII. 92; on magnetism, xv. 236
his theorem or series, XIII. 18.
, Sir Henry, English poet ani
colonial statesman, XXIII. 92.
, Isaac, English theological anf
philosophical writer, XXIII. 93.
, Jeremy, EngUsh preacher sni
theologian, xxin. 93; viii. 421
hymns by, xil. 592.
, John, English poet, XXIII. 95.
-, John, president of ihe Mormon*
XVI. 827.
, Michael, his mathematical table*
XXIIU II.
, Sir Robert, British architect. Il^
444.
, Samuel, English stenographer,
XXL 837.
, Sarah (Mrs Austin), English writer,
III. 102.
, Thomas, his allegorizing of myths,
XVII. 137.
, Tom, English dramatist and art
critic, XXIIL 95.
, Zachary, president of the UniteA
States, XXIIL 96, 767, 768.
Building, Oxford, England,
XVIIL 96.
Tayra, carnivorous mammal, xv. 440.
Ta YR0N.4S, Indian tribe, South America,
VI. 156.
Taytao Peninsula, Patagonia, xviiu
352-
Tayum.ujavan, Tamil philosopher,
XXIIL 44.
Taza, town, Morocco, XVI. 834.
Tchad, Lake, Soudan, Africa, L 25SJ
XXII. 278.
Tchadyr-Dagh, mountain, Crimea,
VI. 585.
Tchany, Lake, Siberia, XXIL 5; xxiiu
429, 439.
Tchara Mountains, Siberia, xxiiu
509.
TCrfEBOKSARUl, town, Eussia, xiv. 20.
Tchelabinsk, town, Russia, xvn. 8261-
TCHELNY, town, Russia, XXIIL 717.
TCHELVUSKIN, T., Russian Arctic ex-
plorer, XIX. 318.
Tchembar, town, Russia, XVIIL 515.
TCHEMKENT, town, Syr-Daria, Asia^
XXII. 821.
Tcherdyn, town, Rus.sia, xviii. 550.
TCHEREMISSES, Ural-Altaic people, ix.
219; XXL 79.
TCHEREPOVETS FAIR, RuSSia, XVIL
607.
TCHERKASSK (Chcrkassk), district of
Don Cossack countiy, Eussia, vil.
356-
TCHERKASY, town, Eussia, XXIII. 96.
TCHERKESSES, or Circassians, race of
people, V. 788; XIV. 150.
TCHERN, town, Russia, xxiil 605.
T C H — T E L
431
rcHERNAYA, river, Crimea, Russia, XXL
616
TCHERNIGOFF, government, Russia,
XXIII. 96; principality of, xxi. 8q;
towil, xxiii. 96.
TCHERNOMORSK, goveriiment, Russia,
xxiii. 97.
TCHETCHENIANS, or TclicLcIicus, Cau-
casian tribe, V. 258; XIV. 475.
TcHiGiRlN, town, Russia, xiv. 6g.
TcHiKiSHLYAR, town, Transcasirian
Region, Russia, XXIII. 513.
TCHINAZ, town, Syr-Daiia, Central
Asia, XXII. 819, 821.
TcHiRA, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
TCHISTOPOL, town, Russia, XXIII. 97;
XIV. 20.
TCHITA, town, Transbaikalia, Siberia,
XXIII. 97; XVII. 352.
TcHOLYM Tartars, xxiii. 70.
TcHORNAYA. river. Crimea, Russia,
XXI. 616.
TCHOTKAL Mountains, Russian Turk-
estan, XXII. 819.
TCHOU Ma, Chinese rlioa fibre, XX. 506.
TCHU, river, Syr-Daria, Asia, XXII.
819.
ICHUDIS, people, Russia, XVII. 764;
TCHUGUEFF, town, Russia, XIV. 57.
TCHUKTCHIS, Siberian people, Xil.
822; XI.X. 329; XXII. 9.
TcHULYM Tartars, xxiii. 70.
TCHUSOVAVA, river, Russia, XXIV. 279.
Tea, xxiii. 97; resemblance of Uie plant
to the camellia, IV. 738 ; adultera-
tions of, I. 169, 170; cultivation of, in
Bengal, III. 568; its first importation
into England, v. 3S; of Fuh-Keen,
China, V. 636; of Hoo-nan, China, v.
637; of Keaiig-sp, Cliina, V. 635; of
Kwaug-tung, China, V. 639; of Po-urh
Foo, China, V. 641; of Jndia, XII. 750;
of Assam, India, II. 720; on Hima-
layas XI. 833.
— , Paraguay (Mat<<V XV. 627 ; IV.
227.
Teaching. See Education and Schools.
Tea Drinking, xxiii. ioi.
Teak, tree, XXIII. 103 ; 11. 693; ix.
405; strength of the wood, XXII. 603.
Teal, bird, xxiii. 105; vii. 506.
, Summer, bird, X. 80.
Te Anau. Lake, New Zealand, xvii.
467.
Teapi (Rapanui), island. South Pacific,
XX. 273.
Tears, Appaiatus for Uic secretion
and conveyance of, I. S91; diseases of
lachrymal apparatus, XVII. 786.
OF THE Muses, Spenser'a jKiem,
XXII. 395.
Tea-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Tf.^\ser, bird, XXII. 125.
TEv\sling, in v^collen manufacture,
XXIV. S61
Tea Tax (1773). Agitation against, at
Boston, U.S.A., xxiii. 739.
Teate, town, Italy, v. 615.
Teats, Number of, in diiferent animals,
XVI. 301.
Te.\zing, of wool, XXIV. 657.
Tebeutt's Observatory, Windsor,
New South Wales, XVII. 716.
Tebessa, plateau, Tunis, XXIII. b20.
Tebruk, harbour, Tripoli, North Africa,
XXIII. 575.
Tech, river, France, XX. 128.
Technical Education, xxiii. 105.
Tectibranchiata, section of MoUusca,
XVI. 655.
Tectology, l<ranch of morpholog)-,
XVI. 842.
TectOna, genus of trees, XXIII. 103.
Tectos AG ES, tribe of people, Asia Minor,
X. 18.
Tecumseh, American-Indian chief,
XXIII. 759.
Teda, tribe, North Central Africa,
XXIII. 334.
Teddington. town, England, xxiii.
220.
Te Df.um, ancient hymn, xil. 581;
Hauilels settings of, XI. 435; XX. 113;
Purcell's, XX. 113.
Teen Wang, eiuDeror of China, v.
652.
Tees, river, England, XXIV. 746; im-
provement Horks on, XX. 579.
Teesnvater, breed of cattle, I. 387.
5HEEP, I. 392.
Teeth, xxii. 107 ; human, vii. 232;
stj'.icture and diseases of, vn. 96, 97;
artificial, vil. 99; XIII. 523; of apes,
11. 164; of fishes, XII. 654; of tlie horse,
XII. I78i of mammals, XV. 349 (and
article Mammalia throughout); of
mastoilon, xv. 622; of suakcs XXII.
190; of vole, XXIV. 277; of walrus,
XXIV. 337.
, of wheels, in mecnauics, XV. 758,
767; of clock wheels, VI. 32.
Teething, in children, vii. 97.
Teetotal Societies, xxiii. 159.
Teff, heibaceous plant in Abj-ssinia, I.
63.
Tefili .^, Jewish pray ci -thongs, XIX. i.
Tegea, ancient to^nl, Greece, XXIII.
109; XV. 503.
Tegciano, or Diano, town, Italy, Vll.
167.
Tegn^r, Esaian, Swedish writer, XXIII.
110; XXII. 757.
Tegucigalpa, department, Honduras,
XII. 132.
Tegumentar. Structures, of Mam-
malia, XV. 347.
Tehamah, district, Arabia, II. 237, 253.
Teheran, town, Persia, xxiii. iii;
XVIIL 626, 628.
Tehoo, ancient town, yucatan, XVI. 36.
Tehran (Teheran), to\ra, Persia, XXIII.
Ill; XVIII. 626, 628.
Tehri (Orchha), native slate, India,
XVII. 816.
Tehuantepec, isthmus and town.
Mexico, XXIII. III.
Teia, or Teias, Gothic king, xin. 467;
XVII. 233.
Teignmouth, town, England, xxiM.
112.
Teikovo, town, Russia, xxi. 849,
Teinds, in Scots law, xxiii. 413
Teir, islet, Red Sea, XX. 316.
Teispes, Persian king, xvili. 565.
Teith, river, Scotland, XVIII. 666.
Tejen, oasis, Tran.-caspian Region,
Russia, XXIII. 512.
Tejend, or Tejen, river, Mcrv, xvi. 43.
Tejo, or Tagus, river, Portugal, XXIII.
21.
Tejuco (Diamantiiia), town, Brazil, vii.
162.
Tekir (CnidusV town, Asia Minor, VI.
44.
Tekkes, Tiucoman tribes, xvi. 42;
XXIII. 661.
Tektamish. division of Turkomans,
XVI. 43.
Telav, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIII. 514.
Telchines, mythical people, Rhodes,
XX. 526.
Telecles, Greek sculptor, 11. 347.
Teledu, carnivorous maumial, xv. 440.
Telegonus, in Greek legend, XXIII.
671.
Telegraph, xxiii. 112; invention of,
I. 746; Edgeworth's invention, vii.
656; 'Wheatstone's inventions, xxiv.
538; influence of, on commerce, VI.
206 ; in Europe, VIIL 709 ; laying
ocean cables, XXII. 281; Anglo-Indian,
through Persia, xvill. 652; postal,
XIX. 574; use of, in war, XXIV. 347;
Chappe's simple French, V. 397.
Plant, its Bpontaneous movements,
XIX. 61.
Telegraphy, Morse's system of, xvi.
847; heliographic, XI. ,632.
Telemachus, son of Odysseus, XVII.
729.
Tel^MAQUE, Fenelon's book, IX. 73.
Telemeter, or Rangefinder, xxin.
126.
Teleology, in theology, xxiii. 248; as
science of organic adaptations, VIIL
753; XXIV. 802, 8l7: Ka,it's, XIIL
854.
Teleostei, subclass of fishe.'!, XII. 688.
Telephone, xxiii. 127; post-office,
XIX. 576.
Telephus, founder of Peigammn, xviii.
527-
Telescope, XXIII. 135; xiv. 594; xva
806; Galileo's invention of, II. 753; X.
31; micrometer for, XVI. 242; use of,
for smreying, XXII. 718; zenith, X.
167; Sir Wm. Herschel's, XI. 766. 767;
Rosse's, XX. 855.
Telesinus, C. Pontius, Samnite leader,
XXI. 249.
432
T E L — T E N
Telesio, Bernardino, on evolution, viii.
758.
Telesphorus, bishop of Edme, xxiii.
154.
Telestereoscope, landscape stereo-
scope, XXII. 541.
Telford, Thomas, Scottish civil
engineer, XXIII. 154; his designs for
aqueducts, II. 229; on. roadmaking,
XX 582.
Tell, district. North Africa, I. 563;
xvii. 628.
,. Wilhelm. Schiller's drama, xxi.
398-
— r-, William, Swiss hero, XXIII. 155.
, William, Rossini's opera, XX. 861.
Teller, or Tallier. account keeper,
XXIIL 29.
, Romanus, German Biblical scholar,
XXIII. 156.
, Wilhelm Abraham, Germaa ra-
tionalist, XXIII. 156; XX. 290
Tellez, Gabriel (Tirso de Molina),
Spanish dramatist, XXIIL 157; VII.
421; xxi:. 358.
TeLLICHERRI, torni, India, XXIII. 157.
Tellier, Francois Michel le, marquis
de LouTois, XV. 26; II. 600; IX. 576.
Tellposs, mountain, Russia, XIV. 282.
Telluric Acid, v. 506.
Telluric Bismuth, mineral, xvi.
380.
Tellurite, mineral, xvi. 388.
Tellurium, chemical element, xxi.
632; v. 498; XVI. 380,. 393.
Alcohols and Ethers, v. 553.
Telmessus, town, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
Telok Betong, town, Sumatra, xxii.
639-
Telpherage, mode of electric traction,
XXIII. 496.
Telugu Language, xii. 778; xviii.
779; XXin. 41; dictionaries of, vil.
191.
Teluk Anson, town, Perak, Straits
Settlements,- XXII. 587.
Tema, Egyptian weight, XXIV. 486
Tembi, affluent of Niger, Africa, xvil.
496.
Teme, river, Wales, xx. 217.
TiM^RAiRE, Tlie Fighting, Turner's
picture, XXI. 441; XXIII. 667.
Temesvar, tonvn, Hungary, XXIII.
157-
Temimi, Ismael b. Muhammed, Druse
leacher, VI I. 484.
Temirsk, town, Russia, XXIV. 6.
Temiscamingue, Lake, Canada, XX.
165.
Temminck, Konrad Jacob, Dutch
ornithologist, XXIII. 157; on birds,
XVIII. II, 14.
Temnikoff, to^vn, Russia, XXIII. 41.
Temnus, Movmt, Mysia, Asia Minor,
XVII. 122.
Tempe, Vale of, Greece, xxiii. 298.
Tempel's Comet, vi. 192, 193.
Tempera, method of painting, xxiil.
157; xvn. 42.
Temperament, in music, xvii. 91.
Temperance, one of the cardinal vir-
tues, ii Plato's philosophy, VIII. 580;
in Socratic teaching, xxil. 2.37 : II.
677-
Legislation, xiv. 688; m con-
nexion with Sunday observance, xxil.
656.
Societies, xxiii. 158.
Temperature, xi. 555; bodily sen-
sations of, xxiii. 482; of the human
body, XVIII. 393; life conditioned by,
III. 680; perception of, by bees. III. 487;
its influence on movement of plants,
XIX. 62; absolute, XXII. 480; XXIII.
285; of blast furnaces, XIII. 314; its
effect on elasticity, VII. S13; of flames,
IX. 283; as affected by height above
sea-level, VI. 2; effect, on iron, XIII.
279, 355; changes in length of struc-
tures caused by, IV. 289; relations of,
to magnetization, XV. 271; measure-
ment of, XX. 129; effect on pendulums,
VI. 16; effect on sound, 1. 103; its
relation to surface-tension, V. 71;
effect on vapour, viil. 727; effect on
weighing and measuring, XXIV. 478;
atmospheric, xvi. 115; of lakes, xiv.
218; of Baltic Sea, III. 295; in Hima-
layas, XI. 829; of Mediterranean Sea,
XV. 822; of Pacific Ocean, xviii. u8;
in Polar Regions, XIX. 327; fluctua-
tions of, in United States, xxiii. 804.
Tempering, of steel, 11. 64; xiii. 352.
Tempest, The, Shakespeare's play, xxi.
765.
Tempio, town, Sardinia, xxi. 309.
Templars, Knights, military order,
XXIII. 160; XVI. 709; their conflicts
with Knights Hospitallers, XXI. 174;
suppression of, V. 821; VI. 631; sup-
pression in England, VIII. 317; sup-
pression in France, IX. 544.
Temple, Temples, places of v ^rship,
XXIII. 165; of Herod, at Jerusalem, II.
393; XXIII. 168; of Solomon, at Jeru-
salem, II. 392; XXIIL 166; of Zerub-
babel at Jerusalem, XXIII. 167; of
Baalbec, III. 177; of Babylonia, III.
189; of Eg)-pt, IL 388; VII. 776; of
Greec», II. 403, 409; of India, II. 394;
of Rome, 11. 415, 418; xx. 816, 827;
of Peace, at Rome, III. 414; examples
of, at Selinus, XXI. 633.
, Inner and Middle, legal societies,
London, XIII. 87.
, Earl, liis alleged identity with
Junius, XIII. 777.
, Henry John, Viscount Palmerston
(j.O.), XVIII. 193.
, Sir William, English diplomatist
and w-riter, XXIII. 171; XIX. 357; hia
relations with Swift, XXII. 762.
Bar, London, xiv. 845.
Hill, Jerusalem, xiii. 639.
Templeton, James, his in\entiou for
carpet- weaving, v. 131.
Temporal Power, of the popedom, its
abolition, xix. 508.
Temuchin, Mongol chief, .'lii. 620.
Tenacity, in minerals, xvi. 378; of
iron and steel, XIII. 353.
Tenaille, in fortiflcatioi , ix. 434,
437-
Tenampua, Ruiiu of, HonduKu:, XIL
Tenancy, in law, xiv. 273.
Tenant, his legal lelations to hia
landlord, XIV. 272, 268; of land, in
England, XIV. 264; rent payable by,
XX. 402 ; 1 omage rendered by, in
feudal times, XIV. 114.
Tenant-at-Will, I. 407, 411.
Tenant-RigHT, I. 407; of copyholder,
VI. 356; in Iieland, XIV. 277.
Tenasserim, division, Burmah, xxilL
172; birds of. III. 761.
Tenbury, town, England, XXIV. 666.
Tenby, town, Wales, xxiii. 172; xviii.
482.
Tench, fish, xxiii. 173; angling for,
II. 43.
Tenchebrai, France, Battle of (1106),
XI. 656; XVII. 544.
Ten Commandments, The, vii. 15;
XIII. 399.
Tender, Legal, of payment, XVIII.
441.
Tendon, in anatomy, i. 834; granu-
lations of, XVIII. 364.
Tendre, Mont, Switzerland, xiil. 781.
Tendrils, Twining of, xix. 60.
Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands,
, I. 272; IV. 798; wine of, XXIV. 607.
Teniers, David, Flemish painter, XXIII.
173; XVIII. 58.
Tenimber (Timor Laut), island, Indian
Archipelago, XXIII. 398; XVI. 697.
Tenison, Thomas, archbishop of Can-
terbury, XXIII. 175.
Tenkasi, town, India, XXIII. 405.
Tennant, Smithson, English chemist,
XVI. 63.
, William, Scottish poet, XXIII.
'75-
Tennantite, mineral, XVL 395.
Tennant's System, of fallowing, 1.
338-
Tennent, Sir James Emerson, English
politician and traveller,xxill. 176.
Tennessee, rivec, U.S.A., xxiii. 177.
, State, U.S.A., xxin. 17$; opium
cultivation in, XVII. 792.
Pass, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
XXIII. 796.
Tenniel, John, English caricaturist,
/. 105.
Tennis, game, xxiii. 179.
, Lawn, game, XXIII. 181.
Tenochtitlan (Mexico), ancient town,
Mexico, XVI. 205). '
Tenorite, mineral, xvi. 385.
T E N — T E T
433
Tenos, island, ^gean Sea, Pilgrimages
to, XIX. 95.
Ten-PIN'S, American game, IV. i8o.
Tenrec, or Ground Hog, of Mada-
gascar, XI. 610; XV. 404.
Ten Sephiroth, of Kabbalah, xill. 81 1.
Tensift, river, Morocco, XVI. 832.
Pension, in electricity, VIII. 60.
, in mechanics, XV. 739; effect of, on
magnetization, XV. 269; fracture by,
XXII. 601.
, Stoic doctrine of, xxil. 563.
, Surface, of liquids, V. 56.
Tent, xxiii. 183.
, -n-ine (tinto), XXIV. 607.
Tente D' Abri, of French army, XXIII.
183.
Tenterden, town, Englana, xiv. 39.
Ten Thous.-ind, Retreat of the, xviii.
577; XXIV. 720.
Ten Thous.\nd a Ye.\r, Warren's
novel, XXIV. 373.
Tentyra (Denderah), ancient town,
Eg)-pt, VII. 77.
Tenure, of land, I. 406; XI v. 259; xx.
307; in Ireland, XIII. 218; burgage,
IV. 532; feudal, XIV. 114; servile, I.
414; Littleton on the law of, xiv. 704.
Te.n Years' Conflict, The, in Scottish
Church, IX. 743.
Teocallis, ancient temple?, Mexico, i.
695; II. 450.
Teos, Coins of, XVII. 647.
Tepanecs, people, ancient Mexico, XVI.
209.
Tephroite, mineral, xvi. 41a
TEPLITZ, town and spa, Bohemia, XXIII.
1S3; XVI. 433
Teplos-IZ, mountain, Russia, XXIV. 4.
Teppukulam, tank, Madura, India, XV.
193.
Teragai, father of Timur, xxiii. 399.
Teramo, town, Italy, XXIII. 184.
Teraphim, of Scripture, xxill. 184.
Teratology, Animal, branch of mor-
phology, XVI. 762.
Terbium, earth metal, xiv. 292; spec-
trum of, XXII. 376.
Terburg, Gerard, Dutch painter, xxiii.
184.
Terceira, island, Azores, III. 171;
battle off (1582), V. 351.
, Duke of, Portuguese statesman,
XIX. 553.
Terebinth, tcee, xxiii. 669.
Terebrantla, grouD of insects, xill.
148.
TerebratuliD/E, family of Erachio-
poda, IV. 194; XIX, 440.
Teredo, genus of Mollusca, xxiu. 184;
XVI. 685.
Terek, government, Russia, XXIII. 186.
, river, Caucasus, v. 254; xxi. 74;
xxin. 186.
Terella, spherical magnet, XV. 222.
Terence, Roman dramatist, xxiii. 186;
VII. 411; his obligations to Menander,
2.j— 23
XVI. 2; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 718.
Terentius Maximus, Parthian pre-
tender, XVIII. 603.
Terephthalic Acid, xviii. 855.
Teres, Thracian king, xxiii. 318.
Teres.\, or Theresa (^.f.), Spanish saint,
XXIII. 281.
Tergeste (Trieste), ancient town, lUy-
ricum, XXIII. 560.
Ter Goes, town, Holland, x. 720.
Ter Gouwe (Gouda), town, Holland,
XI. I.
Terlizzi, ton-n, Italy, xxiii. 18S.
Term, in law, xxiil. 1S8.
Termes, I. 260. See Termites.
Termessus, tovra, Asia Minor, XIX. 13a
Termez, to\iTi, Central Asia, XII. 3.
TERMIL.E, tribe, Asia Minor, XV. 92.
Terminable An.\uities, public loan.;,
XVII. 244.
Ter.MINER, Oyer and, in English law,
XVIII. 106.
Ter.mini, town, Sicily, XXIIL 18S.
, of railways, XX. 234.
Terminillo, Monte, mountain, Italy,
XIII. 438.
Termites, or White Ants i. 260; 11. 99;
XIII. 146, 152.
Termitid.E, group of insects, XIH. 152.
Termonde (Dendermonde), town, Bel-
gium, VII. 78.
Tern, bird, xxiii. 189.
Ternate, island and town, Indian
Archipelago, xxill. 189.
, residency, Dutch East Indies, v.
289; XXIII. 189
Terneplate, coated iron-plate, Xlll.
357-
Terni, town, Italy, xxiii. 190.
Ternstr6mi.\ci.c, order of plants
XXIII. 97.
Terp.\nder, Lesbian poet and musician,
XXIIL 190; on Greek music, xvii. 78.
Terpenes, series of hydrocarbons, v.
559; XVII. 748.
Terpsichore, Muse of the dance,
xvii. 74.
Terr-^cina, to^\Ti, Italy, xxiii. 190.
TeRRA-Cotta, decorative clay-work,
XXIII. igo; Ass^Tian, 'I. 399; Etruscan,
VIII. 641, 643; Japanese, XIIL 590.
Terr.\ di Bari, prb^-ince and tovra,
Italy, III. 374.
Terra di Lavoro. olain. Italv. xiii.
439-
Terra Japonica, or Black Catechu, v.
220.
Terranova, town, Sicily, xxiiL 195.
Terrapin, reptile, xxiii. 455, 458.
Terra Sigii.lata. medicinal earth, xiv.
436.
Terre Haute, town, Indiana. U.S.A.,
XXIII. 195.
Terrestrial Magnetism, xvi. 159.
Terrible, Mont, Switzerland, xill. 782.
TerricoL/E, earthworms, xxiv. 677.
Terrier, dog, vii. 331.
Terror, Eeign of, in France, ix. 606;
x.x. 603.
Tersatic.\ (Fiume), ancient town,
Liburnia, IX. 273.
Tersteegen, Gerhard, German religiona
writer, XXIIL 195; as hymn-'nTiter,
XII. 5S8.
Tertiaries, order of monks and niuis,
IX. 700.
Terti-Viv Period, in geology, x. 360;
distribution of animals in, vil. 275.
Tertullian (Quintiis Septimius
Florens Tertullianus), early cluirch
«Titer, XXIII. 196; XVL 776; on the
canon, V. 8; creed of, vi. 559.
Terudant, to\v-n, Morocco, xvi. 834.
Teruel, province and town, Spain,
X.XIIL 198.
Teschen, to«-n, Austria, XXIII. 19S;
peace of (1779), i.x. 594.
Teshufin, or Tashutin, Yusuf ibn,
Moorish leader in Si»in, I. 595; XIX.
539; XXIL 316
Teshu-Lumbo, monastery, Tibet,
XXIIL 340.
Tesser.\conteres, ancient Greek slrip,
XXI. 806, 807.
Tessin (Ticino, q.v.), canton, Switzer-
land, XXIII. 351.
, Karl Guslaf, Swe<U3h philosopher,
XXIL 755.
Testaccio, Monte, Rome, xx. 831;
games at, v. 121.
Test Acts, English, xxiii. 199; viii.
349. 353-
Testament, in law, xxiv. 570; in
Roman law, xx. 674, frji, 706, 713.
, Old and New, Canon of the, V. '
7. See also Bible.
Test.-\tor, in law, xxiv. 571.
Testimony, Probability of, xix. 777.
of the Rocks, Hugh Miller's
work, XVI. 320.
Testing Machines, for determining
strer.gth of materials, XXIL 596.
Testry, France, Battle of (687), IX.
53'-
Testudinid.*, family of cheloman
reptiles, XXIIL 457.
Testudo, genus of chelonian reptiles,
.XXIIL 452, 456, 457.
Tet, river, France, XX. 128.
Tetanus, disease, xxiii. 199; xviii.
391; production of, XIX. 25.
Tete, district, East Africa, XVIL 7;
town, XXIV. 765.
Tete-de-Pont, in fortification, IX.
435-
Tethys, genua of Mollusca, xvi. 657.
Tetiaroa, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIIL 22.
Tetnuld, mountain, Caucasus, v. 253.
Tetouan, or Tetuan, town, Morocco,
XVI. 830; XXIIL 200.
Tetrabranchiata, order of Mollusca,
XVL 668.
XXV. - 55
434
T E T — T H E
rETRACHORDS, in Greek music, xvii. 78.
Tetractinellida, tribe of sponges,
XXII. 421.
Tetradymite, mineral, liu 790; xvl
38<x
Tetragrammaton, of the Kabbalah,
XIIL 812,
Tetrahedrite, mineral, vr. 347; xvi.
395-
Tetrahedron, in geometry, x. 388.
Tetralogy, in Greek drama, vii. 406;
in Greek ihetoric, XX. 509.
Tetramera, group of insects, VI. 133;
XIII. 149.
TETR,\ne, hydrocarbon, V. 558.
Tetranychi, family of acarids, xvi. 528.
Tetraogallus, genus of birds, xvill.
333-
Tetraph YLLID^, family of tape-worms,
xxiii. 54.
Tetrapla, Origen'a work, xvii. 840.
Tetrapturus, genus of fishes,- xxii.
804.
Tetrarch, ancient ruler's title, XXIII.
200.
Tetrarhynchip*, family of tape-
worms, XXIII. 54.
Tetrastemma, genm ot nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
Tetrodon, genus of fishes, X. 6S5.
Tetuan, to^vn, Morocco, xxiii. 200;
XVI. 830.
, Duke of (Leopold CDounell),
Spanish statesman, xvil. 727; xxil.
346.
Tetuara (Tctiaroa), island. South
Pacific, XXIII. 22.
Tetzel, John, German Dominican
monk, XV. 72; xx. 326.
Teucer, of Greek legend, XXIII. 581
Teuchit, bird, xiv. 308.
Teukcham, tavm, Formosa, China, IX.
417.
Teuta, Illyrian queen, XII. 709.
Teutones, German tribe, xxill. 201;
V. 780; x. 474. /
Teutonic, The name, x. 847.
Alphabet, i. 612.
Languages, x. 514, 852; viii. 390;
IX. 787; Xn. 84; XVIIL 785; XXL
366; dictionaries of, VIL 186.
— — Laws, xxi. 212.
-—Order, .of Knights, xxiil 201;
XVI. 709; XX. 6; their conflicts with
Poland, XIX. 288, 289, 290; at Riga,
XX. 554; in Russia, xxi. 92.
Teverone, river, Italy, 11. 57.
TeViot, river, Scotland, xxL 33; XXIII.
673-
Tewkesbury, town, England, xxiii.
201.
Texas, State, U.S.A., xxiii. 202.
Textiles, woven fabrics, xxiii. 206;
Venetian, xxiv. 156; adulterations of,
L 176; fibres for, ix. 131.
Textularidea, order of Protozoa, Xix.
847.
Textures, or Tissues, xii. 4; in man,
I. 842; vegetable, XII. 10.
Teyde, Pico de, mountain, Canary
Islands, IV. 798.
Teza, town, Morocco, XVI. 834.
Tezcatlipoca, Mexican deity, XVI.
211.
Tezcuco, ancient town, Mexico, XVL
2og, 210.
Thackeray, William Makepeace,
English novelist and critic, xxin.
214; as satirist, XXL 320.
Thaddeus of Warsaw, Miss Portei-'s
work, XIX. 527.
Thais, Menander's comedy, XVI. 2.
Thalassicolla, genus .of Protozoa,
XIX. 849.
Thalberg, Sigismond, Italian pianist
and composer, XXIII. 217.
Thaleichthys, genus of fishes, xxi.
221, 224.
Thal^n, his experiments in magnetism,
XV. 254; his spectroscopic observa-
tions, XXII. 377.
Thales of Miletus, Greek astronomer
and philosopher, XXIII. 217 ; on
astronomy, II. 746; his discovery of
electric properties in amber, I. 659.
Thalia, Muse of comedy, xvii. 74.
Thaliacea, order of Tunicata, XXlll.
609, 615.
Thallium, chemical element, xxiii.
219;* v, 530.
Thallophyta, division of the vegetable
kingdom, HI. 692; XX. 430; XXIV.
125.
Thallus, vegetative system of
lichens, xiv. 552.
Tham, Riibbenu, Rabbinic scholar,
XXIII. 39.
Thamar, queen of Georgia, X. 432.
Thame, river, England, xvill. 93;
XXIII. 220.
Thames, river, England, XXIIL 220;
VIII. 216; XVI. 279; at Oxford, XviiL
93; whitebait fishery of, XXIV. 550;
rowing on, XXI. 30.
Tunnel, London, XXIII. 623; con-
struction of, IV. 397, 398.
Thammuz, of Scripture, L 163.
Thamudic Inscriptions, xxi. 651.
Thana, district, India, xxiil. 220 ;
town, XXIII. 221.
Thanes, early English nobility, vill.
274; XIV. no; XVII. 529; xvilL 302.
Thanet, Isle of, England, xiv. 37.
Sandstone, rock, x. 361.
Thapsacus (Tiphsah), Mesopotamia,
Crossing of Euphrates at, xvi. 49.
Tharandite, mineral, xvi. 397.
Thar and Parkar, district, India,
XXIII. 221.
THARRAWADDy.districtjBurmah, xxiil.
221.
Tharsis, Spain, Mines of, xiL 334.
Tharus, Hindu race, India, xvni. 73.
Thasos, island, Greece, XXIIL 221.
Thatching, for bnildings, iv. 501.
Thaumaci, to\ra, Thessaly, Greece,
XXIII. 299.
Thaumatrope, Pkt«au's invention,
XIX. 189.
Thaumaturgus, St Gregory, xi. 181;
VI. 559; XVIIL 486.
Thaun, Philippe de, early French
writer, IX. 643; on birds, XVIIL 3.
Thayetmyo, disuict, Biirmah, xxilL
222.
Thea, genus of shrubs, XXIII. 97.
The^tetus, dialogue of Plato, XIX.
207.
Theagenes, tyrant of Megara, XV.
828.
Theatines, monastic order, xvi. 711;
XXIIL 547.
Theatre, Theatres, xxiil 222; oi
Aspendus, Asia Minor, IL 715;
Cliinese, v. 666; Dionysiac, at Athens,
III. 3; English, VII. 428; English, in
time of Elizabeth, vill. 419; English,
under the Puritans, VIL 433; English,
modern, VII. 439; of London, in time
of Shakespeare, xxi. 760; Greek,
structure of, 11. 413; of New York,
XVII. 461 ; of Paris, XVIII. 277 ;
Roman, VII. 411; XX. 830; Roman,
architecture of, II. 419; remains of
that at Tauromenium, xxiii. 48.
The.\tre-Fires, fireworks, XX. 135.
Theatre Franqais, at Paris, vii. 427.
TH^BAiDE, La, Racine's drama, xx,
205.
Thebais, Statius's poem, XXII. 466.
Theban Legion, Legend of the, XV.
637.
Thebes, town, Egypt, vil. 776; mum-
mies of, XVII. 21; pyramids ol, xx.
124; sphmx at, IL 387; tomb of
Menptah at, XXIII. 622.
, town, Greece, xxill. 229; XL 103;
capture of, by Alexander, 1. 48 1 ; under
Epaminonda-s, viii. 456; under Pelo-
pidas, XVIIL 479; its contests with
the Platasans, XIX. 177; sphinx of,
XXII. 398; expedition of the Seven
against, I. 164.
, Romance of, XX. 639.
Theceurybia, genus of Mollusca, XVL
666.
THECiD^EDiE, family of Brachiopoda,
IV. 195.
Thecium, in reproductive system of
lichens, XIV. 554.
Thecla, St, XXIIL 231.
Thecosomata, order of MoUusca, XVl.
666.
Theft, in law, xxiii. 231.
Theftbote, in law, xxiiL 233.
Thegns, early English nobUity, VUL
274; XIV. no; XVII. 529; xvilL 302;
XXI. 36.
, The Twelve, Anglo-Saxon jury,
XIIL 784.
Theism, xxiil 23J
T H E — T H E
435
THEISS, river, Hungary, lU. Ii6; Xlt.
362.
rHELYPjiONIDEA, OKlerof arachiucls, II.
286.
rHEMis, in Greek mythology, xxiil.
250.
rHKMISTIUS, Byzantine rhetorician,
XXUI. 250; as Neoplatonist philo-
sopher, xvii. 337.
rHEMiSTOCLES, Greek general, xxill.
250; XI. 99; in exile in Persia, xvill.
574-
TniNARD, Louis Jacques, French
chemist, XXIII. 251; his experiments
with Gay-Lussac, x. 123.
Thenardite, mineral, xvi. 400; xxil.
240
Theobald, count of Champagne and
king of Navarre, XVII. 250; as crusader,
xx:n. 161.
, Le-nTs, English playwright, XXIII.
252.
Theobromine, in chemistry, vi. 102.
Theocracy, The, in Israel, xiii. 398.
Theocritus, Greek pastoral poet, xxiil.
252.
Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards,
Xiv. 815; relics of, at Monza, Italy,
XVI. 79S.
Th£od!Cee, E^sais de, Leibnitz's work,
XIV. 4:20.
Theodolite, its use in geodesy, vil.
598, 599; X. 165; in surveying, xxii.
698, 719.
Theodora, wife of the emperor Jus-
tinian, XXIII. 253, 79S.
, senatrix of Rome, XX. 7S7.
Theodore I.-Il., popes, xxiii. 255.
, king of Abyssinia, I. 66.
I. (Baron von Neuhof), king of
Corsicfl. XVH. 362.
, archbishop of (Santerbmy, viii.
370.
, bishop of Mei-v, Syriac \vriter,
XXII. 837.
of Mopsuestia, early Christian
writer, xxill. 254.
—— bar Wahbon, Syriac scholar,
XXII. 852.
Theodoret, bishop of Cyprus, xxiil
255; xxil 238.
Theodoric, king of the East Goths,
xxiil 256; X. S50; XIIL 467; XX.
782; at Ravenna, XX. 297.
II., chief of the West GotLs in
Spain, XXIL 308.
, Frankish king, X. 476.
Theodorus, Roman pretender, XXIV.
35-
, Greek gem-engraver, x. 138.
of Samos, Greek sculptor, 11. 347.
Prodromus, Byzantine writer, XL
145, 148.
TiIeodosia, town, Crimea, Russia,
XXIIL 257; VI. 5S6.
Theodosian Code, in Roman law, iv.
262; VI. 105; XX. 711.
Theodosio, prince of Brazil, xix. 548.
Theodosiopolis (Rhesaena), town,
Mesopotamia, XV I. 48.
Theodosius I., Roman emperor, xxiil.
257; XX. 779; his contentions with
Ambrose, l. 663.
II., emperor of the East, XXIII.
259.
III., emperor of the East, xxiil.
259.
, Roman general, in Scotland, iv.
663.
, bishop of Edessa, Syriac writer,
XXIL 846.
of Tripolis, Greek geometer and
astronomer, xxiii. 259.
Theodotus, Valeutinian theologian.
XXIV. 38.
of Byzantium, teacher of Mon-
archian heresy in Rome, XVI. 719;
XIII. 671.
Theognidea, Greek poems, XXIIL
260.
Theognis of Megara, Greek poet, XXlll.
260; XV. S28.
TheogonY, Hesiod's poem, XL 777.
Theological Ethics, department of
theology, XXIIL 275; Eothe's work,
XXL 2; XXIIL 270.
Theology, xxiil 260; apologetic, 11.
189; dogmatic, vii. 332) Liguorian,
XIV. 636; of the Middle Ages, XX. 383;
of Origen, XVII. 841; Pauline, XViiL
423; scholastic, XXI. 417; Valentinian,
XXIV. -38; application of logic to, XXL
421; as influenced by Neoplatonism,
XVII. 33S; Calvin's system of, IV. 720;
Schleiermacher's, XXI. 411, 413.
Theophanla, or Thcophano, wife of
the emperor Otho II., xiiL 711; xviil.
66.
Theophano, wife of Nicephorus II.,
Byzantine emperor, XVii. 482.
TnioPHiLE (T. de Viau), Fi-ench poet,
XXIV. 208.
Theophilus Roman jurist, xiil. 794.
of Edessa, S}Tiac writer, XXIL 841.
Abbas, instructor of Justinian,
XXIIL 276.
Theophrastus, Peripatetic philoso-
pher, XXIIL 277; XVIIL 545; his
history of plants, iv. 79.
, on the Milky Way, ll. 748.
Theophylact, Biblical commentator,
XXIIL 277.
(Pope Benedict IX.), XIX. 497.
, patrician of Rome, XX. 7S7.
Theophvlactus of Simocatta, Byzan-
tine historian, iv. 613; XX. 636.
Theopneustie, La, Gaussen's work,
X. 117.
Tkeopolis (Antioch), ancient town,
Syria, 11. 132.
Theopompus of Chios, Greek historian
and rhetorician, XXllI. 277 ; XXI.
466.
Theorbo, lute, xv. 71.
Theorem, Geometrical, defined, xix.
519
TheoriKON, spectacular funtl, of
Pericles, xviil 529,
Theory of the EIarth, Hutton's
work, xiL 415.
Theory of the Intelligible
World, by Morris, xvii. 553.
Theory of Moral Sentiments,
Adam Smith's work, XXII. 169.
Theosophy, XXIIL 278; Kabballjitic,
XIIL 810 ; Swedenborg's, xXli.
759-
Theotocopuli, Domenico (El Greco),
Spanish jiainter, XL 80.
Theotokos, or Mother of God, epithet
of the Virgin Mary, XVII. 355.
Thera, island, Greece, XXIII. 279.
Theramenes, Athenian oligarch, XXlll.
280.
THERAPEUTyE, monastic sect, xvi. 698;
as hymn-writers, XII. 578.
Therapeutics, in medicine, xv. 796;
of iron, XIII. 359; of mercury, xvi.
34 ; of mineral waters, xvi. 433.
Therasia, wife of St Paulinus, xviii.
434-
Theresa, St, Spanish saint, xxili. 281;
XVII. 134; foundress of order of Bare-
foot Carmelites, v. 117; xvi. 716.
, wife of Count Henry of Portugal,
XIX. 540.
Theresla, island, Greec, xxill.
279.
Theresienstadt, part of Pesth. Hun-
gary, XVIIL 691.
(Szabadka^ town, Hungary, xxil.
856.
Theresiexwiese, commen, Munich,
Bavaria, xvil. 26.
Theresiopel, Maria (Szabadka), town,
Hungary, xxil. 856.
TheriaCA, poem h/ Nicander, xviL
476.
TheriaKA, spiced opium. XViL 788.
Thermal Springs, x. 223, 270; xvi.
432> 436-
Thermic Fever, xxil 666.
Thermodon, river, Asia Minor, xix,
459-
Thermodynamics, xxiil 283; vik
815; XIX. 2; laws of, XXIL 479;
Mayer's first law of, XV. 649; tem-
peratures in thermodynamic scale,
XX. 129.
Thermo-Electricity. viil 94.
Thermo-Electrometer, Riess's, VIIL
55-
Thermo-Electromotive Force, xv.
273-
Thermograph, thennometric record,
XXIIL 293.
Thermometer, xxiil 2S8; xi. 563;
ga-s, XX 130; wet bidb, theory of, Vll.
218; box for, XVI. 115; Reaumur's,
XX. 308 ; Saussurc/s adaptations o^
XXI. 324.
436
Thermometry, xi. 558; xix. 2.
Tkermonatrite, mineral, xvi. 399.
Thermophone, telephone, XXIII. 130.
Thermopolia, for sale of hot drinks,
at Pompeii, xix. 449.
Thermopyije, Greece, Battle of (480
B,c.), XI. 100; XIV. 462; xvnl. 572.
ThermoSCOPES, indicators of tempera-
ture, XI. 559; XX. 132.
Thermo-Thermapeutics, or Hydro-
pathy, XII. 542; III. 438, 440.
Thermotropism, in vegetable physio-
logy, xi-x. 59.
Th^roigne de M^ricourt, Aime
Joseph, French Revolutionist, xxill.
293-
Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum, I. 417;
XXII. 16.
Theropoda, order of foesU reptiles, XX.
443-
Therusia (Vulcano), one of . the Lipari
Islands, Mediterranean Sea, xiv. 682.
THESEIUM,temple,ancient Athens, III. 4.
Theses Salmurienses. French body
of divinity, I. 783.
Theseus, of Greek legend, xxiii. 293;
III. 59; his connexion with Scyros,
xxi. 574.
Thesmophoria, Greek festival, xxiil.
295; V. 345; vu. 57.
hesmophoriazus/e, Aristophanes's
comedy, II. 509.
Thesmothet.«, Greek magistrates, 11.
476.
.Thesple, town, ancient Greece, xxiii.
297.
ThESPis, traditional inventor of tragedy,
vu. 404.
Thesproti. ancient Greek tribe, viii.
483.
ThesprOTIA, Epirus, Oracle at, xvil.
808.
Thessalian Dialect, of Greek, xi.
132-
ThessalioTis, district, Thessaly, XXIII.
299.
Thessalonians, Epistles to the, xxill.
297.
Thessalonica (Salonica), town, Mace-
donia, XXI. 227; XV. 137; XXIII. 297.
Thessalus, physician of Tralles, xv.
802.
Thessaly, district, Greece, xxiii. 298;
coins of, XVII. 641.
Thetford, town, England, xxill. 299.
Thetis, of Greek mythology, i. 95;
XVII. 346.
Theudas, of Acta of the Apostles, L
126.
Theudemir, king of the East Goths,
XXIII. 256.
Theudibert, king of the Alemanni,
XVII. 233.
Theuerdank, German allegorical
work, X. 527; XV, 644.
Thevenot, Jean de, French Oriental
traveller, XXIIL 300.
T H E — T H O
Thew, instiiiment of puuishmeut, XIX.
96.
Thiaki (Ithaca), island. Greece, XIIL
517-
Thian Shan, mountains. Central Asia,
II. 686; xviii. 102; XXI. 640; XXII.
818; XXIII. 631.
Thib.\ut of Champagne, early French
writer, IX. 642.
, Anton Friedrich Justus, German
jurist, XXIII. 300.
Thibet, or Tibet (j.v.), country. Central
Asia, xxiii. 337.
Thibodi, Phra Kami. Siamese rxiler,
XXI. 854.
Thiele, river, Switzerland, xvil. 361.
Thielt, town, Belgium, xxill. 302.
Thierry, AmMee Simon Dominique,
French historian, XXIII. 302; IX. 680;
on the Gallic Druids, Vll. 478.
, Jacques Nicolas Augustin, French
historian, XXIII. 302; IX. 6S0.
AND Theodoret, tragedy of
Beaumont and Fletcher, III. 470.
Thiers, town, France, xxill. 302; xx.
120.
, Louis Adolphe, French historian
and statesman, xxill. 302: ix. 619;
as a writer, ix. 681.
THiETBERG.iV, wife of Lothaire of Lor-
raine, xvil. 483.
Thigh, Anatomy of the, i. 829; of birds,
III. 722; of mammals, xv. 360.
Thimonier, Barthelemy, inventor of a
sewing machine, xxi. 718.
Thing, Great, Swedish tribal assembly,
xxu. 744.
Thinocoris. genus of birds, xix.
228.
Thiocyanates. in chemistry, xx.
25-
Thionville, fortress, Lorraine, XV. 7.
Thiosulphates, in chemistry, xxii.
636.
Thirlwall, Connop, bishop of St
David's, historian XXIII. 305.
Thirsk, town, England. XXIII. 306.
Thirst, xvii. 667.
Thirty-Nine Articles, of Church of
England, 11. 653; vi. 564; viii. 377,
379-
Thirty Years' War (1618-1648),
IX. 568; X. 500; in Austria, III.
125; effect of, in England, viii. 344;
effects on Holland, XI I. 78; in Saxony,
XXI. 354; Spanish part in, xxil.
331; Sweden's participation in, XXII.
749; influence on Switzerland, xxil.
794; Wallenstein's parf in, xxiv.
328.
This-rong-de-Tsan, or Khri-srong-
Iden-btsan, Tibetan king, XiV. 502;
xxin. 345.
Th.'stle, plant, XXIII. 306.
, Order of the, XI v. 123.
Thistlewood Conspiracy (i8:oX in
England, xxill. 307.
Thiv^ (Thebes), town, Greece, XXIH.
229.
Thlinkeets, race. North America, XII.
826; exogamy among, v. 1S7.
TholOBATE, in architecture, II. 474.
Tholuck, Friedrich August, German
theologian and preacher, XXIII. 307-
Thomas, St, apostle, xxiii. 308.
, prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
of Celano, XXIII. 308.
of Erceldoune, Scottish legendary
poet, XXIII. 308.
of Harkel, Syriac -WTiter, XXII. 625.
of Marga, Syriac writer, XXII. 848.
of Stitny, Bohemian writer, xxu
151.
— , Antoine Leonard. French writer,
IX. 670.
, George, military adventurer, India,
III. 629.
; George H.. Am'"''can general.
XXIII. 790.
A Kempis, mediaeval writer, xiv.
31 ; XI. 208; his relation to mysticism,
XVII. 134.
Aquinas, scholastic philosopher,
II. 231. See Aquinas.
Becket, archbishop of Canter-
bury,' I. 31. See Becket.
Thomasius, Christian, German jurist
and publicist, xxiii. 309; x. 532;
XVIII. 540; his influence in Halle
university, XXIII. 847.
Thomas Little, Thomas Moore's nom
de plume, XVI. 806.
Thomason, his collection of pamphlets,
XVIII. 205.
Thomism, in scholastic philosophy, xxi.
429.
Thompson, Sir Benjamin (Count Rum-
ford), scientist and diplomatist, XXIIL
309-
, John Vaughan, English physician
and naturalist, xxi v. 808; on Mol-
lusca, xvi. 632.
, Thomas Peronnet, English politi-
cian and mathematician, xxill. 310.
Thomsenolite, mineral, xvi. 384.
Thomson, Andrew, Scottish church-
, man, xxi. 538.
, Sir Charles Wyville, Scottish
naturalist, xxill. 310.
, James (1700- 1748), Scottish poet,
author of The Seasons, XXIII. 311.
, James (1S34-1882), Scottish poet,
author of City of Dreadful Night,
XXIII. 312.
, John, of Duddingston, Scottish
landscape painter, xxill. 312.
, John, Scottish logarithmist, xiv.
776.
, Sir William, on attraction. III. 64;
XV. 226; his compass improvements,
VI. 228; on elastic solids, vi. 312; his
contributions to the science of electri-
city, viiL II, 15, 32, 33, 75,76,81,85,
90, 95, 99; his guard ring accumulator.
T H O — T H U
437
VIII. 34; his electrometers, viii. 119,
120, 121; on magnetism, XV. 249; on
magnecrystallic action, XV. 266; on
effect of traction on magnetization, XV.
269 ; on radiation, XX. 2 1 5 ; his siphon
telegraph-recorder, XXI 1 1. 124; on
laws of thermodynamics, XXII. 482;
on condensation o£ vapour. III. 386;
on vortex atoms. III. 45.
Thomson 4nd Tait, on tidal retarda-
tion of earth's rotation, XXIII. 377.
Thousonite, mineral, xvi. 423.
Thonegwa, district, Burmah, xxill.
33°-
ThonON, town, France, XXI. 333.
Thor, Scandina-v-ian di\-inity, I. 210;
XVII. 156.
Thoracometer, for measuring chest
movements, XX. 477.
Thorarensen, Bjame, Icelandic poet,
XXI. 369.
Thorax, or Chest, I. 822; xx. 476; in
mammals, XV. 358. See also article
Skeleton.
Thoreau, Henry David, American
wTiter, XXIII. 313; I. 732.
Thorfinn, Norse earl, in Scotland,
XXI. 480.
Thorild, Tomas, Swedish poet and
critic, XIV. 29; XXII. 757.
ThorismUND, West Gothic prince. III.
62.
THORltE, mineral, XVI. 424.
Thorium, chemical element, xxiil.
314; V. 543.
Thorn, plant, xi. 536; the Glaston-
biuy thorn, X. 075.
, town, West Priissia, xxill. 314.
ThornuaCK, fish, XXIII. 314; XX.
299.
Thorndale, W. H. Smith's work,
XXII. 179.
Thornhill, Sir James, English painter,
XXIII. 314.
Thornton-ON-Humber, ahbey, Lin-
colnshire, England, i. 20; xiv. 656.
Thorshavn, to^^•n, Faroe Islands, IX.
39-
Thorstein, mountain, Austria, XXI.-
241.
Thorwaldsen, Bertel, Danish sculptor,
XXIII. 315; VII. 94; XXI. 570.
Thoth, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718.
, Books of, ancient Egyptian works,
XIV. 510.
Thothmes, kings of Egypt, vii. 735.
Thou, Cristophe de, first president of
Paris parlement, XXIII. 315.
, Jacques Auguste de, French
historian, xxiii. 315; IX. 659.
Thouar, Arthur, explorer of Pilcomayo
river, XIX. 188.
Thought, in psychology, xx. 57, 75,
83; as subject of Ic^cal science, Xiv.
780; xvi. 94.
Thoughts in Prison, Dr Dodd's
poem, vii. 319.
THOUSAND and One Nights, Arabic
tales, XXIII. 316; II. 263.
Thousand Islands, Lake of the,
Canada, XXI. 180.
Thrace, country, South-Eastem Europe,
XXIII. 318; coins of, XVII. 640.
Thracia, Roman province, South-
Eastern Europe, XXIII. 318.
Thrale, Henry, friend of Johnson, XIII.
727-
, Mrs (Hester Lynch, Mrs Piozzi),
English writer, XIX. 1 10.
Thrall, Teutonic bondman, Vlll. 274;
XVII. 529.
Thrasaetus, genus of birds, XI. 491.
Thrasamund, Vandal king, xxiv. 59.
Thrasea P.«tus, Roman philosopher,
XI. 643; XVII. 350.
Thrashing Machines, Invention of,
I. 302; the first driven by steam, I.
305; improvements on, I. 325; port-
able, I. 324.
Thrasvbulus, Athenian general, xxiii.
319-
, tyrant of Miletus, xviil. 528.
, ruler of Syracuse, xxil. 16, 814.
Thrasyllus, Choragic monument of,
at Athens, II. 411.
Thrax, Dionysius, Roman grammarian,
XI. 37, 43.
Thread Manufacture, vi. 502;
bleaching of, III. 820.
Thread-Worms, xvii. 324; disease
caused by, xviil. 270.
Threave Castle, Kirkcudbright, Scot-
land, XIV. 98.
Three Bears, The, Southey's tale,
XXII. 290.
Three Bodies, Problem of the, in
astronomy, 11. 759.
Three Estates, of the realm, in Eng-
land, VIII. 557, 314; XVIII. 366.
Three F.'s, The, in Irish land tenure,
XIV. 277.
Three Holy Children, Song of the,
in Apocrypha, II. 181.
Three Musketeers, The, Dumas's ro-
mance, viL 522.
Three Rivers, town, Canada, xxiii.
319; XX. 167.
Three Sisters, mountains, Oregon,
U.S.A., XVII. 822; xxiii. 800.
Three Tetons, mountains, Wyoming,
U.S.A., XXIV. 712.
Thremmatology, branch of 'biological
science, XXIV. 802, 817.
Threnodia Carolina, Sir Thomas
Herbert's work, XI. 722.
Thresher, bird, xvi. 541.
Thresher-Shark, fish, xxi. 777.
Thrips, group of insects, Xlll. 152; as
wheat pest, XXIV. 534.
Throat, Anatomy of the, i. 822;
diseases of, xxill. 319; surgical opera-
tions on, XXII. 690; in relation to
the voice, XXIV. 273; of birds, III.
726.
Thrombosis, disease, xvjii. 401.
Throndhjem, town, Norway, XXIII.
321.
Fjord, Norway, xvii. 576.
Thrones, chairs of state, IX. 848.
, in celestial hierarchy, xi. 792.
Throstle, bird, xxio. 321.
, cotton spinning frame, vi. 495.
Throw-Board, Welsh game, v. 597.
Throwing, of silk, .xxii. 61.
Thrush, bird, XXIII. 321; migration of,
iiL 765.
Thuanus (Jacques Auguste de Thou),
French historian, XXIII. 315.
Thucvdides, Greek historian, xxill.
322; XI. 141.
, rival of Pericles, XViil. 531.
Thugs, Indian assassins, XXIII. 336;
suppression of, XII. 806; vocabulary
of language used by, vil. 191.
Thugut, Franz Maria von, Austrian
diplomatist, XXIII. 327.
Thuja, genus of trees, 11. 313.
Thule, ancient Northern land, XXIU-
328; XIX. 315; of Ptolemy, xx. 94;
of Pj-theas, XX. 143.
Thulite, mineral, XVI. 409.
Thulium, Spectrum of, xxii. 377.
Thumb Rings, xx. 562.
Thummel, Moritz August von, German
writer, XXIII. 329.
Thun, towuj Smtzerland, III. 6oot
, Lake of, Switzerland, I. 3; XIV.
218; XXIL 777.
Thunberg, Carl Peter, Swedish
traveller and botanist, XXIII. 329.
Thunder, l 107; xxiii. 329.
Thunderbolt, xxiii. 330.
Thundering Legion, Miracle of the,
IIL 87.
Thunderstorm, xxiiL 329; xvi. 128;
spectroscopic history of a, XX. 256.
Thunen, J. He-nrich von, German
economist, XIX. 388.
Thun-Khwa, district, Burmah, XXJII.
33°-
Thur and Parker, district India,
XXIII. 221.
Thurgau, or Thurgovia, canton,
Switzerland, XXIII. 330; XXII. 794.
Thurii, town. Magna Graecia, Italy.
XXIII. 331; XV. 38.
Thltringer Wald, mountains, Ger-
many, X. 448; XXIII. 332.
Thuringia, district. Upper Saiony,
XXIIL 331.
Jhuringian Forest, mountains, Ger-
many, X. 448; xxiii. 332.
Thuringian Law Code, xxi. 215
Thuringite, mineral, xvi. 414.
Thurium (Thurii), town. Magna Gh^-
cia, Italy, xxiii. 331; xv. 38.
Thurles, town, Ireland, XXIII. 332.
Thurloe, John, English postmasteas
XIX. 564.
Thurlqw, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, xxili. 332.
438
T H U — T I L
Thurmond, John, JInglish pantomimist,
XVIII. 21$.
Thurso, town, Scotland, xxiii. 333.
Thury, Counts of (Cassini), French
artronomers, V. 185.
Thus, incense, ix. 711; xii. 718.
Thuya, genus of trees, 11. 313.
Thyatira (Akhissar), town, Turkey in
Asia, I. 436.
Thyestes, in Greek legend, III. 50;
XVIII. 480.
Thylacinus, genus of marsupial mam-
mals, XV. 380.
Thylacoleo, genus of fossil marsupial
mammals, XV. 383.
Thymallus, genus of fishes, Xl. 78;
XXI. 221, 224.
Thyme, plant, xxiii. 3}^; xii. 289.
Thyni, tribe, Thrace, III. 793.
Thynnus, genus of fishes, XXIII. 625.
Thyre Danebod, barrow, Denmark,
HI. 398.
Thyroid Gland, Diseases of the, xviii.
384; goitre, x. 739.
ThyR2A, Byron's mourning for, IV. 607.
Thysanoptera, group of insects, xiii.
152.
ThysanURA, order of insects, XIII. 153.
THYSSAGET.C, ancient nomadic race.
Eastern Europe, XXI. 575.
Tian-Shan, 'mountains. Central Asia,
II. 686; XVIII. 102; XXI. 640; XXII.
818; XXIII. 631.
Tiara, headdress, vi. 454.
Tibbus, nomad race. North Africa,
XXIII. 334; I. 261, 268; XXII. 278.
Tiber, river, Italy, xill. 438; its mouth,
XVIII. 61.
Tiberias, town, Palestine, xxill. 334;
battle of (1187), VI. 627; XXIII. 161.
, Lake of, Ptilestine, X. 29; XVIII.
• 71. 173-
Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero),
Roman emperor, XXIII. 335; XX. 772.
, Arch of, at Orange, France, xvii.
812.
Absimarus, emperor of the East,
Kill. 798.
Claudius Drusus (Claudius),
Roman emperor, v. 816; xvii. 348;
XX. 772, 773.
Tibesti, oasis, Africa, I. 250, 261;
XVII. 695; XXI. 149; XXIII. 334.
Tibet, country. Central Asia, xxiil.
337; II. 684; XIV. 496; Great and
Little, XIV. 198; mountain S)-stem of,
XI. 821, 823; Lamalsm of, xiv. 226;
European travellers in, X. 188.
Tibetan Language, xviil 779; xxin.
346; dictionaries of, VII. 192.
Tibetans, race of people, xxiii. 343.
TIBET0-BUR^UN RACE, XII. 777; lan-
guage of, XVIII. 779; XXIII. 346.
Tibia, Anatomy of the, i. 829, of birds,
III. 723.
T1BI./E, Roman musical instrument, xvii.
707.
TiBULLUS, Albius, Roman poet, xxilL
348; XX. 723.
TiBUR (Tivoli), ancient town, Italy,
XIV. 344; XXIII. 421.
TiBUS, or Tibbus, race of people, Soudan,
Africa, XXIII. 334; I. 261, 268; XXIL
278.
TiCAO, island, Philippines, XVIIL 752.
TiC-DOLOUREUX, form of neuralgia,
XVII. 363.
Tichodroma, genus of birds, XXIIL 534.
TiCiNO, canton, Switzerland, XXIIL
351; XXII. 789, 794.
, river, Italy, XIII. 435.
TiciNUM (Pavia), ancient' town, Italy,
XVIII. 439.
Tick, mite, u. 276; xvi. 529.
TiCKELL, Thomas, English poet, XXIII.
351-
Ticket-of-Leave, XIX. 752, 756.
TiCKNOR, George,. American man of
ktters, XXIII. 352; L 724.
TICONDEROGA, town, New York.
U.S.A., XXIII. 352.
, Falls of. New York, U.S.A., xvii.
451.
Tide-Gauge, XXIIL 370.
TIDE-PREDICTING lNSTRUJtENT,XXIIL
371-
Tides, xxiii. 353 (table of contents,
381); X. 283; laws of, II. 762; solar
and lunar, xv. 687; in relation to
navigation, xvii. 275; in rivers XX.
576; Maclaurin on the theory of, XV.
162; action of, in Suez Canal, IV. 791;
in Mediterranean Sea, XV. 822.
, Atmospheric, xvi. 122.
Tide-Wave, xxiii. 372.
TiDOR, island, Indian Archipelago,
XXIII. 381 ; claim of sultan of, to New
Guinea, xvil. 389.
TiECK, Friedrich, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
, Ludwig, German tale-writer, XXIIL
381; X. 542.
TiEDEMANN, Friedrich, German anato-
mist, XXIII. 383.
TIEDMANN, H., on birds, XVIIL 19, 48.
"^lEFTRUNK. Karl, Bohemian writer,
xxii. 153.
TiEFURT, near Weimar, Germany, XXIV.
491.
TiEMANNiTE, mineral, xvl 393.
TiEN-CHWANG-TAl, towTL, China, XVII.
381.
TiEN-FUNG-TAH, pagoda at Ning-Po,
China, xvil. 513.
Tientsin, town, China, xxill. 383; v.
633-
TiEPOLO, Bajamonte, Venetian con-
spirator, XXIV. 143.
Tierney, "George, English politician,
XXIIL 383.
TiERRA del Fuego, archipelago.
South America, xxill. 383; xviii.
352; Indians of, xn. 829.
Tiffin, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiii. 385.
TiFLis, town, Bussian Caucasia, xxin.
385; government, XXIII. 515.
TiGELLiNUS, general and conspirator
under Nero, xvil. 349.
Tiger, carnivorous mammal, XXIIL 385;
XV. 435; of India, Xll. 741; of Java,
XIII. 603; of Persia, XVIII. 625; ekuiB
of, IX. 839.
Tiger-Beetle, vl 129.
Tiger-Cat, carnivorous mammal, XVll.
719.
Tiger-Shark, xxi. 775.
Tiglath-Adar, Assyrian king, IIL 186.
TiglathPileser I., Assyrian king,
in. 186, 192.
II., III. 186; xui. 411.
Tigranes, Armenian kings, XXIII. 386;
XV. 56; xviil 595, 600.
, great-grandson of Herod the Great,
xviu. 602.
Tigranocerta, Mesopotamia, Battle of
(69 B.C.), XV. 56.
Tigr£, province, Abyssinia, I. 64.
, or Tigrina, language of Ethiopia,
VIII. 612; XXI. 655.
, island, Honduras, xil. 130.
Tigris, river, Asia, xxui. 386; L 135;
XVI. 47.
TlH, Tomb of, at Sakkarah, Egypt, XVII.
34-
, Jebel el-, mountain, Arabia, XXII.
88.
TlKUL, tovm, Yucatan, xxiv. 758.
Ti LBORCH, Egidius van, Flemish painter,
xxiii. 175.
TlLBURG, or Tilboiig, town, Holland,
XXIIL 387.
TiLBURY NoGO,Whyte- Melville's novel,
XV. 844.
Til Cake, or Sesame Cake, xvil 739.
TiLDEN, Samuel Jones, American states-
man,.xxili. 387.
Tiles, xxiii. 387; for roofing, iv. 463;
clay, IV. 283; encaustic, VIII. 187;
glazed, for wall linings, XVIL 36.
Tilghman, B. C, inventor of sand-
blast, XXI. 257.
Tilhar, town, India, xxi. 735.
TILIA, genus of trees, XIV. 648.
TiLiMSAN (Tlemcen), town, Algeria,
XXIIL 422.
Tiling, in building, iv. 463.
Tilkerodite, mineral, XVI. 391.
Till, affluent of Tweed, England, XVH.
565; xxiii. 673.
, or Boulder Clay, X. 367.
Tillage, of fields, i. 328; laws for en-
couragement of, I. 298.
TILLEIWONT, S^bastien le Nain de,
French ecclesiastical historian, XXIII.
390.
Till Eulenspiegel, German chap-
book, VIII. 664; X. 527.
Tillodontia, group of fossil ungulate
mammals, xv. 432.
Tillotson, John, archbishop of Canter-
bury, XXIIL 390.
TIL
I R
489
Tiliy, Johann Tserclaes, count of,
imperial general, XXIII. 391; ill. 125;
X. 500.
Til Oil, xxi. 693.
TiLPiN (Tiirpin), archbishop of Eheims,
romancist, XXIII. 669.
Tilsit, town, Prussia, xxill. 391 ; treaty
of (1S07), IX. 616; XVIL 211.
TiM.EUS, Greek chronologist, v. 71a
, dialogue of Plato, XIX. 209.
TiMANSK Mountains, Russia, xxiv.
283.
TlM.'^-NTHES, Greek painter, 11. 363.
TiM.\RCHUS, Median satiai), xvill.
590.
Timber, as building material, IV. 448;
dry rot in, vii. 493; strength of, VII.
816; XXII. 603.
Trees, ii. 315; forestry regulation
of, IX. 397; of New Zealand, xvii.
469; of Queensland, XX. 173; of the
United States, xxill. 807. Compare
also Fir, Oak, Pine, Teak, etc
Timbre, quality of sound, i. 107, 118;
XXIV. 275.
Timbuktu, or Timbuctoo, town,
Sahara, Africa, xxili. 391; 1. 271;
XVII. 497.
Tl.ME, Measurement of, xxill. 392 ;
dynamical measurement of, VII. 581;
Nepalese measurement of, xvii. 343;
mean and sidereal, VI. 14; at the
observatories, xvii. 710; observations
for, at sea, xvii. 268, 272; how kept
at sea by early navigators, XVII.
250; determination of, in surveying,
XXII. 713; zodiacal division of, xxiv.
791-
, -Effect of, iu magnetism, XV. 273.
, Equation of, in astronomy, II. 772.
, Idea of, XX. 64.
, ia music, xvii. 81.
Timekeepers, for sea voyages, xvil.
259.
TIMELIID.E, group of birds, XXIV. 366.
Timepieces, vi. 13; xxiv. 394.
Times, The, London newspaper, xvil.
417; XXIII. 710.
TlMOCHARis, Alexandrian astronomer,
u. 748.
TiMOCRATES, Demosthenes's oration
against, vil. 69.
TiMOLEAGUE, ecclesiastical ruin, Cork,
Ireland, VI. 405.
TiMOLEON, Greek statesman and
general, XXIII. 396; XI. 104; his work
in SicUy and Syracuse, XXII. 19, 816.
TiMON, Lucian's work, XV. 45.
of Athens, misanthrope, XXIIL 397;
Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764.
of Phlius, Greek sillograph and
sceptic, XXIII. 397.
Timor, island, Indian Archipelago,
'"""• 397; taboo (pamali) system in,
XXIII. 17.
Laitt, island group, Indian Archi-
pelago, XXIII. 398.
TiMOTHEUS, or Tijuothy, of Scripture,
XXIII. 399.
, Athenian general, XXIII. 398.
, Greek musician and poet, xxill.
399.
Tl.MOTHY, of Scriptui-c, xxill. 399.
, Epistles to, XVIII. 348.
I., metropolitan of Selcncia, Syriac
wTiter, XXII. 845.
II., Nestorian catholicus, S^-riac
writer, XXII. 856.
TIMUR, or Tamerlane, Oriental con-
queror, XXIII. 399; II. 700; his sub-
jugation of Afghanistan, 1. 239 ; in
India, XII. 793; his dealings -n-ith
Toktamish, XVL 747; defeats Turks
under Bayezid, XXllI. 641; his de-
scendants itt Persia, xviii. 632; grave
of, at Samarkand, xxi. 247.
TlMUR.\NAMA, Persian books, xvill.
657-
TiMUR Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
Tin, metal, xxiii. 400; xvi. 381, 387;
as chemical element, v. 53S; constit-
uent of bronze, IV. 366; in pewter,
XVIU. 725; strength of, XXII. 603;
mines, in Cornwall, VI. 425; in
Queensland, XX. 173; ores of, XVI. 58;
387; ore dressing, XVI. 466; produc-
tion of, XVL 467 ; production in
England, VIII. 229 ; production in
United States, XXIII. 816.
TiN/EUS of Tauromenium, Sicilian his-
torian, XXII. 2a
Tinamou, bird, XXIII. 402.
Tinamus, genus of birds, XXIH. 402.
Tinaroo, Queensland, Tin mines of,
XX. 173.
TlNAVELLY, district, India, XXIIL 404.
TiNCA, genus of fishes, XXIII. 173.
TiNCHEBRAl, or Teuchebrai, Normandy,
Battle of (1106X XI. 656; XVII. 544.
TiNCO.MMius, British king, xxiL 725.
TiNCTOR, John (Joannes de Tinctoris),
Flemish musician, XVII. 82, 83.
Tinctures, in heraldry, xi. 691.
TiNDAL, Matthew, English deist, XXIIL
403; on natural religion, VII. 35.
Tinder, for obtaining fire, xv. 625.
Tinder-Ore, miiieral, xvi. 388.
TiNDjiL, island, Java, Xiii. 600.
Tinea Granella, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
Tinea Tonsurans, or Ringworm,
disease, XVIII. 269; XXIL 124.
Tin-Foil, tin in thin sheets, xxilL
401.
TiNGHAE, town, Chusan, China, v. 767.
TiNGis, ancient town. North Africa,
XV. 637; XXIIL 46.
Tin Islands, of ancient Britain, iv. 352.
TINKAL, mineral, XVI. 396.
Tinker, bird, XL 262; XX. 302.
TiNKERSHIRE, bird, XL 262.
Tin Mining, xvl 452; xxiii. 400.
Tinn£, ^Alexandrine, Dutch traveller in
Africa, xxill. 404.
Tinned Foods, xix. 708.
TlNNEVELU, district, India, XXllL 40,,
town, XXIIL 405; pearl fishery of,
xviii. 447.
TiNNEVS, American Indians, xn. 827.
TiNNUNCULUS, genus of birds, xiv. 5^
TiNPLATE, XIII. 357.
Tinstone, xxiii. 400.
TiNTA Wine, Madeira, xv. 17S; xxiv.
609.
TiNTERN Abbey, Monmouthshire,
England, XVl. 754.
Tintoretto, H (Jacopo Robusti),
Italian painter, XX. 608.
Tl?HSAH (Thapsacus), Mesopotamia,
Bridge over Euphrates at, XVI. 49.
Tippecanoe, United States, Battle of
(181 1), XXIIL 759.
TlPPERAH, district, British India, XXIII.
405; XI. 820.
TlPPER.\Ry, county, Ireland, XXIIL
405; town, XXIIL 406.
TiPPERMUiR, Scotland, Battle of (1644),
XVL 796; XXL 513.
Tippler, for emptying mining waggons,
XVL 455.
TiPPOO Sahib, sultan of Mysore, India,
XXIIL 4061 XII. 803; library o^ XIV.
533-
TiPTOFT, John, earl of Worcester, deputy
in Ireland, VIIL 330; XIII. 261.
Tipton, town, England, xxilL 406.
TlPU (Tippoo, q.v.), XII. Sc>
Tipula Oleracea, wkea. pest, xxiv.
535-
TiRABOSCHi, Gii'olamo, Italian historian,
XXIIL 407.
TiRANO, town, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
Tlrant LO Blanch, romance, XX. 658.
TiRAQUEAU, Andre, French jurist, XX.
194.
TiRAVALUR, Tanjore, India, Temple of,
"• 396.
TlRCONAlL, ancient division, Ireland,
vii. 362.
TiRESiAS, of Greek legend, xxill. 407.
Tirhut, or Tirhoot, district, India,
XXIIL 407.
TlRlBAZUS, satrap of Sardis, XVin. 578.
TiRiCH Mir, mountain, Afghanistan,
XI. 838.
TiRiD.'MES, king of Armenia, xviL 350.
, Arsaces, king of Parthia, xviii.
588.
II., of Parthia, xviil. 598.
TirlemONT, town, Belgium, XXIIL 407.
TiRSO DE Molina (Gabriel Tellez),
Spanish dramatist, xxiII. 157; vii.
421; xxiL 359.
TiRSULi Gandak, district, Tibet, xxill.
341.
TiRUJiALA Nayak, rnler of Madura,
India, xv. 193.
TlRUMANGALAM, town, jJidia, XV. 192.
TirupatuR, town, India, x.xi. 21a
TlRUVA' Esv/.'.RAMPET, part of Madras
city, iiidi&, XV. 1S8.
440
T T R — T O L
TtRUVASAKAM, Tamil hymns, xxiir. 43.
TiRUVAYMOLI, Tamil hymns, XXIII. 44.
TiRYN': or Tirynth, ancient town,
Greece, xxiil. 407; xvii. 115; Cyclo-
pean wall at, II. 345, 402.
TisCHENDORF, Lobegott i"ii«(Jrich Kon-
stantin, German Biblical ciitic, XXIII.
409.
TisiAS, Greek rhetorician, XX. 509.
(Stesichonis), Greek poet, xxil.
543-
Tisio, or Tisi, Benvenuto, Italian painter,
XXIII. 409.
TISIPHONE, c;.o ot the Furies, VIII. 5:4.
Tis Pity She's a Whore, Ford's
tragedy, IX. 395.
TisSAPHERNES, Satrap of Sardii, xviii.
575-
Tissues, Animal, xii. 4; i. 842; xix.
12; unity of, XX. 420.
— — , Vegetable, xii. 10; I v. 83.
TiSTA, river, India, xxil. 51.
Tit, ancient town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
TiTANiA, queen of the fairies, xvil. 704.
Titanium, chemical clement, xxill.
410; V. 53S; XXIV. 627
Titanomorphite, mineral, XVI. 426.
Titans, of Greek mythology, xxill.
410; X. 571; XVII. 155; XXI. 320.
TiTE, Sir William, on uncient London,
XIV. 841.
Tithe Commutation Act (1836),
English, its effects on agriculture, i.
304
Tithes, of Scripture, xxill. 410; Xiv.
48S.
, in law, XXIII. 411.
Tithing, division of county, England,
VI. 513; XVII. 29.
Tithonus, in Greek mytholog)-, xxili.
413.
Titian (TizianoVecellio), Italian painter,
XXIII. 413; XX. 609; XXI. 436; his
manner of colouring, XVIII. 139.
Titi Bansa, mountains, Malay Penin-
sula, XV. 321.
TiTiCACA, Lake, Bolivia and Peru, iv.
11; XIV. 217; xviii. 673.
TITIES, early Roman tribe, XX. 732.
Titlark, bird, xix. 112.
Title, to land, xx. 307; register of, xx.
342.
Titles, Abbreviations of, I. 28.
OF Courtesy, British, xix. 665.
OF Honour, xxiii. 417.
Titlis, mountain, Switzerland, xxill.
85S.
Titmouse, bird, xxiii. 418.
TiTTERSTONE Clee Hill, England,
XXI. 847.
TiTULUS HONORARIUS, honorary in-
scription, XIII. 128.
TiTUREL, Wolfram's love-tale, xxiv.
632.
Titus, of Scripture, xxill. 420.
, Epistle to, XVIII. 348.
• (Titus Flavins Sabinus Vespasi-
anus), Roman emperor, xxin. 419;
as general in Judsa, XIII. 428.
Titus Andronicus, Shakespeare's
play, XXI. 763.
TiTUSVlLLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXIIL 420; xviiL 713.
Tiumen, or Tyumen, town, Siberia,
XXIII. 714.
Tiverton, town, England^ xxin. 421.
TIVOLI, town, Italy, xxill. 421; xiv.
344; XX. 792; temple of Vesta at, II.
417.
TlXTLA, towiL Mexico, XI. 248.
TlYARl, Nestorian district, Kurdistan,
XVIL 357.
TizGi, town, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
TiziANO, or Titian (q.v.), Italian painter,
XXIII. 413.
, Marco di, Italian painter, xxiii.
416.
TiziO, Sigismondo, Sienese chronicler,
XXIL 43.
Tjeribon, or Cheribon, town, Java, v.
585; xiii. 606.
Tji Andjur, to«-n, Java, Xlll. 606.
TjlLATjAP, town, Java, Xlll. 606.
Tjitjalengk.% town, Java, xiii. 606
Tjo.MO, island, Norway, xvii. 576.
Tlacatecolotl, Me.xican deity, xvi.
211.
Tlalocs, Mexican deities, xvi. 212.
Tlaxcala, to^vn, Mexico, xxiii. 421;
XVI. 214; state, XVI. 214
Tlaxcaltecs, ancient Mexican race,
XXIII. 421.
Tlemcen, to^vn, Algeria, xxill. 422.
Tloquenahuaque, Mexican deity,
XVI. 211.
Tlos, ancient town, Lycia, IX. 67; XV.
93-
Tmetotrogon, genus of birds, xxiii.
584.
TmOLUS, Gold mines of, Asia Minor,
XV. 99.
Tmoutorakan, Khazar principality.
South' Russia, XIV. 60.
Toad, amphibian, xxill. 422; structure
of, 1. 751; Californian, XIV. 736.
Tobacco, plant and narcotic, xxiii.
423; adulterations of, I. 174; culture,
in Philippine Islands, XVIII. 751; in
United States, XXIII. 824; in Ken-
tucky, U.S A., XIV. 43 ; in Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIV. 260; of Cuba, vi. 681;
of India, XII. 750.
Pipe, xix. no.
Tobacco Seed Oil, xvil 744.
Tobago, island. West Indies, XXIII.
427; birds of. III. 747.
Tobercurry, town, Ireland, XXII. 159.
Tobermorite, mineral, XVI. 421.
Tobermory, to^™, Scotland, xvil. 16.
Tobias, son of Tobit, xxiii. 427.
■ , Children of, in priestly aiistoci-acy
of Israel, XIII. 420.
Tobique, river. New Brunswick, xvil.
373-
TOBiT, Book of, in Apocrypha, xxiUj
427; II. 181.
Tobol, steppe, Siberia, XXIIL 420;
river, XVIII. 549.
Tobolsk, government, Russia in Asia,
XXIIL 428; town, XXIIL 43a
Tocantins, river, Brazil, IV. 221.
Tochari, Central- Asian nomads,
XVIII. 594, 600, 603, 606.
TOCORNACLITE, mineral, XVI. 384.
TocQUEviLLE, Alexia Henri Charles
Ch(!rel, Comte de, French politician,
XXIIL 430; IX. 675.
To-DAi-ji, Buddhist temple at Nara,
Japan, XVIL 229.
T0D.\s, tribe, India, XV. 185; xvil.
509.
TODESCHINI, Francesco (Pope Pius
III.), XIX. 153.
TODLEBEN, Eduard Ivanovich, Russian
general, XXIIL 431; XXI. 102.
TODMORDEN, towu, England, XXJII.
431.
TODT, R., German socialist, xxil. 216.
TODTE Gebirge, Austria, xxi. 241.
TODUS, genus of birds, XXIII. 431.
Tody, bird, xxiii. 431.
Toes, Anatomy of, i. 830; redundancy
of, XVI. 762; peculiarity of great toe
in monkeys, II. 148.
Toft, Thomas and Ralph, English
pottei-s, XIX. 632.
Tofua, island. South Pacific, IX. 779.
Toga, Roman article of dre.=s, vi. 456.
TogaT/E, in Roman comedy, vii. 411.
TOGGENBURG, countship, Switzerland,
XXI. 168.
TOGHON, Kalmuk khan, XVI. 745.
TiMUR Khan, emperor of China,
XVI. 743.
TOGHRAI, Arab poet, II. 263.
Toghrul Beg, Seljuk ruler, XXL 634.
Togo-Land, district. West Coast,
Africa, XXIII. 432.
TOHOROTH, part of Mishnah, XVL 505.
Toilet Powders, xviii. 526.
TOISE, standard of length, in geodesic
measurements, vil. 598, 605; xxil.
199.
Toka, island. South Pacific, XV. 30.
TOKAT, town, Turkey, xxill. 432.
Tokay, town, Hungary, XXIil. 432;
wine district, XVII. 688; xxiv. 6io.
Token, The, American literary journal,
-XL 537-
Money, xvi. 730 ; tokens in
numismatics, xvii. 656.
Tokewanna Peak, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIIL 796.
TOKHARISTAN, province. Central Asia,
XVIIL lOI.
TOKIO (Yedo), town, Japan, XXlil. 432;
xiiL 577.
ToKOLYi, Emeric, Hungarian noble, xil.
370.
TOKTAMISH, Mongol khan, XVL 747.
ToLAND, John, English deist, XXIII.
T O L — T O R
441
434; VII. 34; his history of the Dmids,
VII. 478.
Toledo, province, Spain, xxili. 435.
, town, Spain, XXIII. 435; cathedral,
II. 433; councils of, XXII. 30S: mas-
sacre of (807), XXII. 310,
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XXIII. 43a
, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru,
XVIII. 677.
, Jurji Bautista de, Suauish architect,
VIII. 540.
TOLENTINO, Italy, Treaty of (1797).
XVII. 197.
Toleration, Locke on xiv. 755,
756; viii. 352.
Act, English, vin. 352: xx. 149;
XXIII. 199.
TOLFA, Italy, Manufactory of alum at,
I. 645.
TOLI MONASTlR, to\vn, Turkish Rou-
melia, XVI. 71^.
TOLISTOBOGII, trite, Asia Minor, X. 18.
TOLKAPPlYAM, Tamil grammar. XXIII.
43-
Toll, in law, XXIII. 430.
AND Theam, Cinque Port right,
V. 7 86.
TOLLENDAL, Baron de ^Count de Lally),
French general, XIV. 226; XII. 800.
TOLLENS, Hendrik, Dutch poet, Xll.
97.
TOLLENSER SEE, lake, Priiaia XVIl.
360.
TOLLV, Michael Barclay de, Russian
general. III. 370; xviL 217.
Tolly's Nala, canal, India. xxiiL
673-
TOLO Bay, Celebes, v. 287.
TOLOCCAN (Toluca), town, Mexico,
XXIII. 437.
TOLOMEI, BernarQo, founder of oi-der of
Olivetans, XVII. 764.
, Claudio, Sienese bishop, diplo-
matist, poet, and philologist, XXII. 43.
TOLOSA (Toulouse), ancient towTi, France,
XXIII. 4S5.
, town, Guipuzcoa, Spain, XI. 265.
TOLS, Sanskrit school at Nadiya, India,
XVII. 161.
Tolstoi, Counts, Russian writers, xxi.
108.
TOLTECS, people of ancient Mexico, I.
686, 691, 705; XVI. 208; XXIV. 759.
ToLU, Balsam of, in. 293.
ToLUCA, town, Mexico, xxill. 437;
XVI. 214.
Toluene, product of coal-tar distil-
lation, XXIII. 59.
ToLVPEUTES, genus of edentate mam-
mals, XV. 3S7.
ToM, river, Siberia, XXIII. 439.
, Mount, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XV. 6u; XXIII. 795.
TOMAIKI Bay, Celebes, v. 287.
TOMAS, bishop of Strangnas, Swedidi
poet, XXII. 753.
Tomato, vegetable, xii. 28S.
Tombs, Ancient American, II. 452;
Chinese, II. 449; ancient Egyptian,
n. 387; VII. 781; Etruscan, II. 414;
Etruscan rock-hewn, V. 215; Greek,
II. 412; Jewish, II. 393J Persian, 11.
399; Pompeian, XIX. 450; Roman,
II. 419; XX. 831.
OF THE Caliphs, at Cau-o, xvl
865.
TOMEK, Vaclatf Vladivoj, Bohemian
historian, XXH. 153.
TOMI, ancient town, at nwath of
Danube, Ovid at, XVIII. 80.
TOMICH, Pere, Catalan writer, XXII. 364.
TOMILLARES, regions, Spain, X.\II. 297.
TOMINI Bay, Celebes, v. 287.
TOMINO, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
Tom Jones, Fielding's novel, vui. 430;
IX. 146.
Tomline, George Pretyman, Pitt's
tutor, XIX. 135.
Tomline's Observatory, Orwell Park,
England, XVII. 711.
Tommaseo, Niccolo, on St Catherine of
Sieru's lettei-s, V. 232.
Tommasi, Giuguita, Sienese •'iatorian,
XXII. 43.
Tommyshops, for supply of gootls to
labourers, XIV. 172.
Tompa, Mihaly, Hungarian poet, xxm.
437; XII. 378.
Tomsk, government, Siberia, XXIII.
437; town, XXIII. 439.
To.m Thumb, dwarf, vn. 568.
Tom-Tom, Indian drum, vii. 479.
Tonatiuh, Mexican deity, xvi. 211.
Tonbridge, town, England, XXIII. 606.
Tone, Tlieobald Wolfe, Irish leader,
XIII. 271.
Tone-Blocks, for printing, xxiii. 704.
Toneg.wva, river, Japan, xiii. 572.
Tones, in music, i. 108; xvil. 78, 105.
, of human voice, xxiv. 275.
Tonga, one of the Friendly Islands,
South Pacific, IX. 779; taboo system
in, XXIII. 16.
Tongariro, mountain. New Zealand,
XVII. 466.
Tonga-tabu, island, Polynesia, 'ix.
779; xi.x. 428.
Tonge, Dr, his relations with Titus
Gates, XVII. 697.
ToNG-KiNG, French colony, Eastern
Asia, XXIII. 439; VI. 93.
Tongue, Anatomy of the, I. 895; sense
of taste in, XXIII. 79; of apes, II. 165;
of mammals, XV. 361 ; of snakes,
XXII. 190.
Tonic Sol-fa System, of musical
notation, xvii. 100.
TONK, state, India, XX. 260.
Tonka (or Tonqua) Bean, xxiil 443;
III. 461.
Tonle-Sap, lake, Siam, XXI. 851.
Tonnage, of ships, xxiii. 442.
and Poundage, customs duties,
Engknd, xxill. 443; IX. 178.
Tonnerre, town, France, XXIV. 746.
TONNISTEIN, spa, Germany, XVL 435.
Tonometer, Scheiblefs, xxiii. 619.
ToNQUA Bean, xxiii. 433; in. 461.
TONQUIN (Tong-King), French colony,
Eastern Asia, XXIII. 439; VL 93.
Tons, river, India, xxii. 98.
Tonsillitis, disease, xxiii. 320.
Tonsils Anatomy of the, i. 837; vii.
222.
Tonsure, Roman Catholic rite, xxiil
443-
Tonti, Lorenzo, inventor of tontine
insurance, XXIII. 444.
Tontine, system of life 'nsmauce,
XXIII. 444; IX. 181.
Annuities, State, xvii. 244.
Tonty, Hemi de, French explorer, Xiv.
318.
Tooke, johii Home, English politician
and philologer, XXIII. 4AA: on British
finance, IX. 188.
TOOLBRUNUP, mountain. Western Aus-
tralia, xxiv. 507.
TooLOON, Mosque of. at Cairo. Egypt,
II. 446.
Tools, their early luse, VIII. 617; hana,
XI. 436; machine, XV. 152; mining,
XVI. 444; turners', XIV. 324.
Too.MKOOR, district and t^""» India,
XXIII. 606.
Toon, or Tun, town, Pei-sia, XVIII. 627.
Toon-GYEEN, river, Siam, XXI. 850.
TooRBUT H yderee (Tiirbat-i-Haidaii),
town, Persia, XVIII. 627.
TooRSHEEZ (Turshiz), district and town,
Persia, XVIII. 627.
Tooth, xxii. 107. See also Teeth.
Powder, xviii. 526.
Tooth-Rash, disease, xxii. 122.
Toov Tang, haUs of ancestoi-s, in
Chinese towns, II. 449.
Topaz, precious stone, XXIII. 446; XVL
385, 40S; cairngorms so called, IV.
645.
Topazion, piecious stone, XVIII. 534.
TOPDAL Elv, river, Norway, XVII. 57 j.
Tope, fish, X11..685; xxl 774.
TOPEKA, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xxiii.
446.
TOPELIUS, Zakris, Finnish poet, XXIL
758.
TOPis, sacied edifices of India, II. 394.
TOPFFER, Rudolph, S^vis3 novelist,
XXII. 799.
Tophet, of Scripture, xvi. 696.
Topics, Aristotle's work, II. 515.
TOPLADY, Augustus Montague, English
hymn-writer, XII. 594.
ToPLlTZ, town and spa, Bohemia,
XXIII. 1S3.
Topographic Maps, xv. 522.
TORAH, The, of Israel, XIII. 398, 409;
XIX. 729; authorsliip of, xviu. 513.
TORBANEHILL MINERAL, XVIIL 24O.
TORBANITE, mineral, XVI. 429.
TORC, lake, Killarncv. Iielaiul. Xiv. 76.
\XV. - ,6
442
T O li — T O U
TORCELLO, islund, Venice, xxiil. 446;
lia«ilican catlicilral at, III. 418.
Torch Thistle, tree, Chili, v. 623.
TORELL, William, English eculptoi,
XXI. 558.
ToRF.cus, Thoiniofl, Ici'landic historian,
XII. 626.
ToRC.iu, to^\^l, Prii.^'<ia, XXIII. 447;
Lattle of (1760), III. 129.
TORGH.\TTEN, island, Konvay, xvil.
576.
TORGOCH, fish, XXI. 223.
ToRGOD, Mongol trib», IV. 710; xvi.
745. 749-
ToRiBio, St, Peruvian archbishop,
XVIII. 675.
Tories, English political party, viii.
350. 353, 358, 359; XXIV. 540.
TORMASEFF, Russian general, XVII.
217.
ToRMES, rivei, Spain, XXI. 203.
TORMOHAM, suburb of Torquay, Eng-
land, XXIII. 451.
Tornadoes, hurricanes, xvi. 129; in
North America, XXill. 807.
Tornatella, genus of Mollusca, XVI.
655.
TORONE, towTi, JIaceilonia, XV. 13S.
Toronto, to\\-n, Ontario, Canada, XXIII.
447; climate of, IV. 771; university,
XXIII. 856
TOROPETS, to-n-n, Russia, XX. 36.
Torpedo, exploeive apparatus, xxiii.
449; XVII. 2S5.
, genus of fishes, XII. 649; XX. 299;
electricity in, VIII. 3, 8; organs of
touch in, XXIII. 478.
Boat, xvii. 285; xxiii. 451.
TORQUATUS, Titus Manlius, Roman
consul, XV. 492.
, Titus Manlius Imperios\is, Roman
consul, XV. 492.
Torquay, town, England, xxiii.
451.
Torquemada, Juan de, cardinal,
learned Dominican, XXIII. 452.
, Tomas de, inquisitor-general,
XXIII. 452; XIII. 93; his rules for
torture, XXIII. 463.
Torre Abbey, at Torquay, England,
XXIII. 451.
Torre Annunziata, to^v^l, Italy,
XXIII. 452.
Torre de Ceredo, mountain, Spain,
XXII. 294.
Torre del Greco, town, Italy, xxiil.
452.
Torrelavega, town, Spain, XXI. 297.
TORRENS, river. South Australia, xxil.
2S4.
, Robert, English economist, XIX.
377-
Torrent Duck, bird, xvi. 36.
Torres, Luis Vaez de, Spanish navi-
gator, III. 103; X. 1S5.
Straits, between New Guinea and
Australia, XYll. 386; XX. 171.
Torres Vedras, Portugal, Lines of,
VIII. 563; IX. 431; XXIV. 495.
Torrev, John, American botanist,
XXIII. 452.
TORRHEBUS, mythic king of Lydia,
XV. 99.
TORRIANI, Jlilanese ruling family, xvi.
293.
Torricelli, Evangelista, Italian phy-
sicist and mathematician, XXIII. 452:
his experiments on air-pressure, XIX.
241; his invention of the barometer.
III. 381; his law of velocities of fluids,
XIL 435.
Torricellian Vacuum, xxiii. 453.
Torrid Zone, in geography, x. 199.
Torrigiano, Pietro, Italian sculptor,
XXIII. 453; XXI. 56a
TORRINGTON, Viscount (Geoi-ge B)ug),
IV 603.
Torroge, Arnold de, grand-master of
Knight.'i Templars, XXIII. ,161.
Torse, in geometry, xxil. 669.
TORSHA, river, India, XXU. 51.
TORSHOK, Itmn, Russia, xxill. 454.
672.
Torsion, in jilij^iis mi. 810; xxii.
605; in connexi.m with imignetization,
XV. 270.
Balances, hi. 267, electric, viii.
18.
Tort, in law, xxiii. 454; vi. 587; in
relation to partnership, XVIII. 331.
Tort-Col fWryneck), Henry, duke of
Lancaster, XIV. 255.
Tortoise, reptile, xxiii. 455, olfactory
organs of, xxil. 166; classification of
the group, XX. 441, 445.
Beetle, vi. 134.
Tortoiseshell, XXIII. 460; combs
made of, VL 178.
TORTOL.4, island, ■\Vest Indies, XXIV.
261.
Torton, Peter, hia longevity, XIV.
858.
ToRiONA, town, Italy, xxiil. 46a
Tortosa, town, Spain, XXIII. 460.
TORTRICID.E, family of snakes, xxil.
192.
ToRTRix PiLLERiANA, vine pest, XXIV.
238.
Torture, Legal aspects of, xxiii. 460;
in China, v. 669.
Tory Island, Ireland, xiii. 216.
Tory Party, in England, viiL 350,
353. 358; XXIV. 540.
TosEPHTO, piece of Jewish literature,
XVI. 506.
TOSTIG, earl of Northumbria, VIIL 290,
291; XL 4S5, 486.
Total Abstinence Societies, xxin.
159.
TOTANUS, genus of birds, XI. 173; XX.
317; XXI. 260.
TOTAPELAKANDA, mountain, Ceylon, v.
359-
TOTEMISM, XXIII. 467; -W. qi; XXI.
135; in relation to mythology, xviL
144, 151; to names, XVII. 169.
TOTILA, Gothic king, xill. 797; xviL
TOTLEBEN, Eduard Ivano\-ich, Ruwian
general, XXIII. 431.
TOTM.A, town, Russia, XXIV. 283.
TOTNESS, Earl of, writer on lii'land, V.
lOI.
TOTO, leader of a revolt at i'ouie, XX.
786.
ToTTEL's Miscellany, xxil 695.
Tottenham, suburb of London, xxiil
476.
Toucan, bird, xxin. 476.
Touch, Sense of, XXIII. 478; XI. 554;
nerves of, in man, i. 897; organs of,
In fishes, XII. 653; in mammals, XV,
367, 407-
, of minerals, XVI. 379.
Touchstone, xvi. 389.
Toucoi i.lurs, Negro race, Senegambia,
XXI 6O2.
Toughened Glass, Manufacture of, x.
666.
Tot) I, town, France, XXlll 4S3.
TOUI.ON, town, France, XXIII. 483-
TOUIOUSE, ancient county, France, XIV.
287; list of counts, XXIII. 486.
, town, France, XXIII. 4S4; academy
of floral games at, I. 69; observatory,
XVIL 712; university, XXIII. 838.
TOUNG-NGU, district and town, Eurmah,
XXIIL 4S6.
TOUQUES, river, France, XVIII. i.
Tour, Cagnard de la, his syren, I.
109.
, Jacques de la, abbot of La Trapp*,
XXIII. 524.
, Maurice Quentin de la, FreiKh
pastel painter, XXIII. 486.
Touraco, bird, XXIII. 4S7.
TOURBILLION, in pyiotechny, XX.
136.
TouRCOiNG, town, France, xxiii.
488.
TOURGUENIEFF, Ivan, Russian noTelist,
XXIII. 488; XXL 108.
Tourmaline, mineral, x. 228; xvi.
409; electric projwrties of, Vlll. 8, 99;
polarity of, xix. 313.
TOURNAI, town, Belgium, XXIII. 488.
Tournaments, medi.-eval eomhate,
XXIII. 4S9 ; Eglinton tournament
(1839X VIL 699.
Tournay, town, Belgium, xxill. 488.
ToURNEBOin", musical instrument,
XXIII. 489.
Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, Frcnefc
botanist, XXIII. 490; his claasification
of plants, IV. 79.
Tourneur, Cyril, English tragic poet,
XXIIL 490.
Tourniquet, surgical instrument, xxii.
676.
Tours, town, France, XXIIL 491; defea.
of Saracens near (732), v. 428.
T O U — T R A
443
Tous-LES-Mois, varinty of arrowroot,
II. 631
TousooN Bec, liis expedition against
the Waliliabecs, II. 261; VIi. 764.
TousSAlNT LouvERTUKE,Pivrro Doiai-
nicjuc, Haytian liberator, xxill. 492;
XI. 545; xxii. 140.
TOUZLA, river, Turkey m Asia, XX';.'
578.
Tovi, r,ani-h tliane, XXIV. 340
Tow, of (lux, IX. 29S; XIV. 665.
Tower, in architcctme, II. 474.
, The, London, XIV. 839, 843.
, Buaiichanip, his sjiherical Bteani-
engine, XXII. 516.
H.\MLETS, district, London, Xiv.
821.
OF B.\BEL, Legends of, III. 179.
Towers, Round, xxi. 22; of Ireland,
II. 429; at Abernethy, Scotland, 1.
46.
Towevk, mountains, Arabia, II. 239.
Town, Towns, iv. 62; v. 796; xvii.
27; American, xxiu. 731, 827;
English, growth of, VIII. 276, 303.
TowNELEY Plays, early English collec-
tion, vii. 414.
ToWN-MooT, Saxon, xvni. 302.
TowNSHEND, Second Viscount, English
statesman, XXUI. 492.
, Charles, English politician, XXIIL
493-
Townshend's Acts (1767X English,
xxiii. 738.
Township, Legal theory of the, xiv.
'365; in relation to parish, xvili. 295;
American, XXIII. 731, 827; English,
Vlli. 273.
Tow-Path, by canals, IV. 7S5.
Towton, England, Battle of (1461),
VII. 685; XXJV. 381.
To\\'^N, town, Wales XVI. 39.
TOYNBEE, Arnold, English economist,
XIX. 399.
Toxic DlSE.\SES, XVIIl. 406.
Toxicology, branch of medicine, x\.
796; XIX. 275.
ToxoPHiLiTE Society, The Eoyal, 11.
375-
Trabisond.\, Italian poem, XX. 653.
Tr.\CERY, in architecture, n. 475.
Trachea, resjiiratory organ, xx 475;
in relation to the voice, XXIV. 273; of
maninials, xv. 365.
Tracheata, class of Arthiopoda, xvii.
116.
Trachelia, group of beetles, VI. 133.
TraCHINI.e, Sophocles's drama, XXII.
-73-
TR-\CHINVS, genus of fishe>, XXIV. 477.
Trachis, town, ancient Greece, XXI'L
494.
Trachojiedus^ order of Hydiozoa,
XII. 562.
Trachonitis, province, Bashan. ill.
410.
Tr/.chylite, lock, X. 235.
TRACHYPTERIDiE, family of fishes, XVH.
694.
TrachypterUS, genua of fishes, XX.
531.
Trachystomata, genus of Amphibia,
XXII. 97.
Trachyte, rock, x. 254.
Tractarianism, in Church of England,
VIII. 378; XX. 117; Keble's I elation
to, XIV. 25.
Tractates, E^ly controversial, xviii.
204.
Tr.\ction, on railways XX. 246; on
tramways, XXIII 507.
, Effect of, ou magnetization, XV.
269.
, Electric, XXIII. 494.
Engines, xxii. 522.
Tr.\cts, xviii. 204.
for the Times, xiv. 25; xx. 117.
Tract Societies, xxin. 494.
Tr.\CY, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt,
Comle de, French philosopher, xxiIl.
497-
Trade, or Commerce, vi. 196; balance
of, XIX. 354; international, XXIV. 51,
Sir Dudley North's paradoxes on,
XVll. 555; commercial societies, XXII.
227.
, Board of, English, XXIII. 497; its
early restrictions on American indus-
tries, X.XIII. 733, 736.
Corporations, Monopolies of, ll.
213.
COUNCILS, XXIII. 50
Tr.\deGuilds, XL 261.
Trade Marks, xxiii. 498-
Tradescant, John, founder of museum,
Oxford, xviii. 95; his collection of
rarities, XL 338.
Tradesmen, in relation to labour, xiv.
166.
Trade Unions, xxiil 499; vl 181;
rise of, IL 213; effect of, on wages,
XXIV. 31 1 ; in relation to tariff protec-
ti-on, IX. 759; in United States, XXIII.
786.
Trade- Winds, The, xvi. 143; their in-
fluence on climate of America, 1. 675.
Trading-Companies, Acts dealing
with, VI. 222.
Tradition, in relation to history, xii.
19-
Trafalgar, Spain, Battle of (1805), vi.
146; VIII. 363; IX. 615; xvii. 323.
Tragacanth, gum, XL 275.
Tragedy, vii. 395.
Traculin.v gi-oup of ungulate mam-
mals, XV. 43a
Trained B.\nds, of London, xxiv. 293.
Training, Physical, xi. 348; diet for,
VIL 203; of horses, XII. 188.
Walls, of riveis, xx. 577.
Train of Ide.\s, in psychology, xx.
62; II. 730.
Train Oil, xxiv. 529.
Trains, of mechauiem, xv. 762.
Tr-MNS, lUilway, x.x. 246.
TR.'ijAN (Marcus Ulpius Tiaianus),
Roman emperor, XXIII. 502; XX. 772;
colleague of empei-or Ncrva, xvii.
353; his conquests in Armenia and
Paithia, XVIIL 603; his relations with
Pliny the Younger, Xix. 226; arch of,
at Benevento, III. 561; liasilica of, at
Rome, III. 4:3; bridge of, across the
Danube, iv. 329; column of, at Rome,
^XX. 827; wall of, in Bessarabia, III.
615.
Trajectory, of projectiles, xl 301.
Trakeh.nen, Prussia, Government stud
at, XX. 20.
Tralee, town, Ireland, xxiir. 505.
TRALLlANlfs, Alexander, Byzantine
physician, XV. S04.
TraMORE, tovra, Ireland, XXIV. 401.
Tr.\MWAY, XXIII. 506; electric, xxin. ,
495, 508; locomotive engines for,
xxiI. 522; early tramroads, XX. 223.
Trance, xv. 277; xxii. 154.
Trani, town, Italy, xxiil. 509.
Tranquebar, town, India, XXIII. 509.
Trans-Alai Mountains, Turkestan,
XXIII. 633.
Transbaikalia, province, Siberia,
XXIII. 509.
Transcaspian Region, Bossia, xxm.
511.
Transcaucasia, Russia, xxiii. 513.
Transcendentalism, its affinity \Tilli
mysticism, XVII. 135; Kant on, XIll.
853.
TRANSCENDENTALPHILOSOPHIE,Schel-
ling's, XXI. 393.
Transept, in architecture, 11. 475.
Transfer Paper, Lithographic, xiv.
698.
Transform.\tion, Animal, XV. 91.
Tr.\nsit Circle, astronomical insti-u-
nient, xxill. 515, 146.
Tr.^nsit Instruments, il 766 ; x.
165; XXII. 7191 xxiil 146,515; Roe-
inefs invention of, XX. 62a
TR.\nsits, of Venus, II. 791, 796; XVIII.
247; stellar, II. 766.
Transkei (Kaffraria), territory. Soutk
Africa, XIII. 816.
Transmigration of Souls, xv. 91;
XVI. 106; Pythagorean doctrine of,
XX. 139. Compare Metcmi>sycho»is
and SouL
Transom, in architecture, 11. 475.
Transoxiana, region. Central Aaa,
XVIII. loi; Timur's rule in, xxni.
399-
Transpiration, in plants, xix. 46.
Transplanting, in horticultiire, Xll.
214, 239.
Transport, Military, xxiv. 349; trans-
port ser\-ice of BritUh army, 11. 582.
Transportation, of convicts, xix. 748,
750; to Siberia, XXIL 10.
TraNSUBSTANTI ATION, Euchai istic doc-
trine, VIIL 653; opposed by Bercn-
444
T R A — T R I
garius, I'l. 585; Luther's views nn,
XV. 81.
Transvaal, (v.untiy, South Africa,
xxiii. 516; I. 270.
Transverse Flute, xxiii. 519.
Transylvania, principality, Austria-
Hungary, XXIII. 521; XII. 361; con-
quest of, by Walachia, XXI. 17 ;
Unitarianism in, XXIII. 725.
Trap, for drain, iv. 467; for water-pipe,
XXI. 714.
Trapani, town, Sicil3', xxili. 522.
Trapassi, Pietro (Meta-stasioX Italian
dramatist and poet, xill. 513; XVI.
103.
Trapeziums, Mensuration of, xvi. 15.
Trapezus (Trebizond), town, Asia
Minor, XIX. 459; XXIII. 533.
Trappists, monastic order, XXIIL 522.
Traquair Castle, Peeblesshire, Scot-
land, xvin. 452.
Trasimene, Lake, Italy, XIII. 440;
battle of (217 B.C.), XI. 442.
Tras-OS-Montes, province, Portugal,
XXIII. 525.
Trastamara, Henry of, king of Castile,
XIV. 255.
Trausnitz, Castle of, Bavaria, Xiv. 281.
Travancore, state, India, xxiii. 525.
Traveller, The, Goldsmith's poem,
X. 762.
Traveller's Song, Anglo-Saxon poem,
viii. 403.
Traveller's Tree, in Madagascar, xv.
170.
Travemunde, dependency of Liibeck,
Germany, XV. 33.
Travers, Anne, mistress of Edward
III. of England, vil. 684.
, W. T. L., on New Zealand birtls,
xvii. 469.
, Val de, Neuch^tel, Smtzerland,
XVII. 361; asphalt of, II. 716.
Traverses, in fortification, ix. 445.
Traverse Table, in navigation, xvii.
264.
Traversing, as oasis lor survey, xxii.
705.
Travertine, Roman building stone,
XX. 808.
Trawling, mode of fishing, IX, 246.
Travle, or Vignette, in architecture, II.
475-
Treadle, of loom, xxiv. 464; ancient,
XXIII. 206.
Tread-Mill, or Treadwheel, in prison
discipline, Xix. 755; its invention by
Cubitt, VI. 683.
TKe.vson, in law, xxili. 525; vi. 588;
in United States, XXIII. 751.
Treasurer, Lord High, of Great
Britain, XXII. 458.
Treasure-Trove. Law relating to,
XXIII. 530.
Treasury, English state department,
XXII. 458.
Treat, Captain Robert, early settler.
Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A., XVii,
371-
Treaties, contracts between state.",
xxiii. 530.
Trebbia, river, Italy, xill. 436; battle
of (218 B.C.), XX. 749.
Trebellius Pollio, AngUBtan his-
torian, III. 74.
Trebizond, town, TnrKey in A^ia,
XXIII. 533; prorince, XXIII. 653.
, Empire of, XXIII. 533.
Tredegar, town, England, xxiii. 534,
Trediakovski, Basil, Russian poet,
XXI. 106.
Tree-Creeper, bird, xxill. 534.
Tree-Fern, xxiii. 534; IX. 102.
Tree-Frog, IX. 795, 797.
Tree of Life, of paradise, 1. 137, 138.
Tree of Life, arbor vitxe, 11. 313.
Trees, in forestry, ix. 397; culture of,
II. 314, 321; gardeti, XII. 260; large,
in California, IV. 704; XXI. 673; XXIII.
809; large, in Victoria, XXIV. 217.
Tree! Snakes, xxii. 195.
Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux, English
New Testament scholar, XXIII. 535.
Trelawnv, Captain Edward John,
friend of Shelley, XXI. 792.
Tremarec, Kergiielen, Frencn navi-
gator, Xiv. 49.
Trematoda, division of worms, xxin.
535; their relation to tape- worms,
XXIIL 54; parasitic forms, xvill. 259.
Trembecki, Stanislaus, Polish poet,
XIX. 303.
TilEMBLEY, Abranam, Swiss naturalist,
xxiv. 806.
Tremelai, Bernard de, ma,ster of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 160.
Tremellini, suborder of Fungi, IX.
832.
TREMIL.E, ancient tribe, Asia Minor,
XV. 92.
Tremiti Islands, Italy, xiii. 441
Tremolite, mineral, XVI. 417.
Tremolophone, Gir.ird's, muiiical in-
strument, X. 620.
Tremont, peninsula, site of Boston,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., IV. 72.
Trench, Richard Chenevix, archbishop
of Dublin, XXIII. 540.
Trenches, in fortification, IX. 43a
Trenching, of land, 1. 335.
Trenck, Franz, Baron yon der, Austrian
commander, XXiii. 541.
, Friedr!ch, Freiherr von der,
German adventurer, xxill. 542.
Trendelenburg, Fnedrich Adolf,
German philosoplier, XXIII. 542; on
the categories, V. 225.
Trent, river, England, xvii. 598.
, town, Austria, XXIII. 543.
, Council of (1545-62), XXIII. 543;
V. 416; XIX. 153, 504; decrees and
canonsof,vi. 564; Pallavicim's History
of, xvni. 189; Sarpi's History of, xxi.
312.
Trent Affair, between England and
United State.s, XXIII. 775 ; Lincoln's
part in, xiv. 661.
Trenton, town. New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xxin. 552; battle of (1776), XXIII.
743-
Falls, New York, U.S.A., xvil.
451.
Trent River Canal, Civiada, xxi.
180.
Trepang, or Tripang, edible echino-
derm. III. 477; vil. 639; fisheries,
IX. 268.
Trephining, in surgery, XXII. 689.
Treschow, Niels, Norse philosopher,
XVII. 590.
Tresco, one of the Scilly Isles, England,
XXI. 465.
Trespass, in law, xxiii. 552.
Tressure, in heraldry, XI. 697.
Tretenterata, group of Brachiopoda,
IV. 189, 194.
Tretum, promontory, Numidia, XVII.
627.
Treuga Dei, or Truce of Qod, xxili.
590; IX, 537.
Treves, town, Rhenish Prussia, xxill.
552; university, XXIII. 842.
Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold,
German naturalist, XXIII. 553 ; on
evolution, VIII. 748.
Treviso, town, Italy, xxill. 554; uni-
versity, XXIII. 837.
Trevithick, Richard, improver of
steam-engine, XXIII. 554; XXII. 476.
Triads, The, in Welsh literature, v.
316.
Trial, in law, XXIII. 555.
Trialogus, Wydiffe's work, XXIV. 711.
Triangles, Measurement of, xxili.
561; XVI. 14; geometrical relations of,
X. 377-
Triangular Numbers, Tables of,
XXIII. 8.
Triangulation, in geodesy, Vli. 597,
599; X. 163, 167; XV. 522; in survey-
ing, XXII. 697.
Trianons, pavilions, Versailles, France,
Oxiv. 177.
Triassic Rocks, in geology, x. 352.
Tribe, Tribes, among primitive races
IX. 20; grouping in, vill. 619; Irish
and Gaelic, v. 799.
Tribes of Israel, Settlement of the,
xviii. 512.
Tribonian, Roman jurist, xxill. 555;
XIII. 793.
Tribonvx, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
Triboulet, French jester, IX. 367.
Tribunate, Roman, xx. 736, 771.
Tribune, Roman public officer, xx:il.
556.
Tribute, iivstate finance, IX. 171.
Tricamarum, near Carthage, North
Africa, Battle of (533), xxiv. 59.
Trichechus, genus of carnivorous
mammals, XV. 443; xxiv. 337,
T R I — T K O
445
Trichina, t;cnns of nematode worms,
XVII. 325; XVIII. 270; x.\iv. 206.
Trichinopoli, district and town, India,
xxiii. 559.
TrichWosis, disease, xviii. 270; in
the pig, XXIV. 206.
Trichocephalus, genus of nematode
worms, XVII. 325; xxiv. 206.
Trichomes, epidermal appendages of
plants, IV. 90.
Trichoptera, group of insects xin.
151.
Trichosoma, genus of nematode wonn.'s
XVII. 325.
Trichvs, gtnas of rodent mammals,
XIX. 518.
Tricks, in white magic, xv. 207.
Tricladida, tribe of planarian worms,
XIX. 171, 174.
Triclasite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Tricolor, French flag, ix. 279, 598.
Triconodon, fossil mammal, XV.
376.
Tricoupis, Spiridion, Greek historian,
XI. 152.
Tric-Trac, game, in. 199.
Tricycle, xxiii. 539.
Tripentini, Rhaetian people, XX. 505.
Tridentum (Trent), ancient town,
Austria, XXIII. 543.
Tridymite, mineral, xvi. 389; xxil.
53
Trier (Treves, q.v.), town. Rhenish
Prussia, XXIII. 552.
Triers, Puritan eccle-siastical examiners
VIII. 378.
Trieste, town, Austria-Hungary, xxiii.
560; III. 121.
Triewald, Samuel von, Swedish
satirist, XXIL 755.
Trifels, castle, Bavaria, prison of
Richard Ca?ur de Lion, 11. 147.
Triforium, in architecture, 11. 475,
Trigger-Fish, ix. 161.
TriGLA, genus of fishes, XL 332.
TriGLYPH, in architecture, 11. 475, 403.
Trigonella, genus of herbs IX. 76.
Trigonocephalus, genus of snakes
XXIL 199.
TRiGONOMETfeiCAL SURVEY, of India,
XXIL 696; X. 163.
Trigonometrical Tables, xxiii. 9.
Trigonometry, in mathematics, xxiii.
561; use of, in surveyins, XXIL 696;
Hipparchus .ind Ptolemj''s discoveries
in, XX. 87.
Trilobite, crustacean, vi. 659.
Trim, town, Ireland, xv. 66g; Irish
parliament at, Xlll. 261.
Trimera. group of insects VL 134; XliL
150.
TrimerelliD/E, family of Brachiopoda,
IV. 194.
Trimeresurus, genus of snake-s xxii.
199.
Trimontium (Philippopolis), iloman
town, Thrace, xvili. 753.
Trimountaine, former name of Boston,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., IV. 72.
Trincomalee, town, Ceylon, xxfll.
573-
Tringa, genus of birds, xiv. 129; xxt
260.
Tringganu, district, Malay Peninsula,
XV. 322.
Trinidad, island. West Indies XXIIL
573; asphalt lake in, 11. 715; birds
of. III. 747.
Trinitarians, religious order, xxiii.
574-
Trinity, Doctrine of the, xxiii. 239,
248; in Taoism, xiv. 297,
, Claike'e Sciipture Doctrine of, v.
811. '
COLLEGE, Cambridge, IV. 730;
Eentley's reforms in. III. 579.
College, Dublin, vii. 498.
College, O.xford, xviii. 97.
Hall, Cambridge, iv. 731.
House, English corporation, XXIII.
574; Xiv. 831.
Sunday, xxiii. 574.
Triolein, glyceride, x. 697; xviL 740.
Triolets, form of verse, in early Flench
literature, IX. 644.
Trionychid/E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
Trionytc, genus of turtles xxhl 457,
459-
Tripalmitin, glyceride, xvii. 740.
Tripang, or Trepang, edible echino-
derm, IIL 477; vii. 639; fisheries IX.
26S.
Tktipe de Roche, lichen, XIV. 560.
Triphylia. ancient state, Greece, xvil.
766.
Triphylite, mineral, XVI. 404.
TriphyllinE; mineral, Xiv. 697.
Triple Alliance, The (1668), ix. 576.
Triple Tradition, of the Gospels x.
792.
Triplite, mineral, xvi. 407.
Triploidite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Tripods, Street of, at Athens I'L 7.
Tripoli, state. North Africa, xxill.
574; 1.265; conquest of, by the Turks,
XXIIL 643; Jews in, XIll. 687; town,
XXIII. 575; I. 265.
, toM-n, Syria, XXIII. 576.
Tripolitza, town, Greece, XXIIL 576.
Tripos List, Cambridge, vni. 778.
Trippkeite, mineral, xvi. 408.
Triptolemus, SophocWa di-ama, XXIL
272.
Triptychs, thrce-lcired writing tablets.
VII. 257; in.=cribed, xviii. 143.
Trireme, ancient ship, xxi. 806.
Trisagion, doxology, vii. 384.
Trismegistus, Hermes, of Egyptian
mythology and Greek literature, XL
750.
Trismus, or Lockjaw, xxiii. 200.
Trissino, Gian Giorgio, Italian poet.
XIll.'scKj.
Tristan, romance, xx. 644, 647.
da Cunha, islands. South Atlantic,
xxni. 576; in. 18.
UND Isolde, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
315-
UND ISOLT, Gottfried's poem, x.
854.
Tristearin, glyceride, X. 697; XVll.
740.
TristomE/E, family of treinatode
worms, XXIIL 539.
Tristram, or Tristan, romance, xx.
644, 647.
, Henry Baker, on birds xviii. 33.
Shandy, Sterne's book, xxii. 542.
Trithe.mius, John, -^vriter on crypto-
graphy, VI. 669.
Trithionic Acid, v. 507.
Triticum, genus of plants, XXIV. 531.
TRITOCrNEA, epithet of Athena, H.
830.
Tritomite, mineral, XVI. 425.
Triton, genus of reptiles, xxilL 577;
L 768; its similarity to the eiredon,
XXIL 96.
, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 650.
Tritonls epithet of Athena, 11. 83a
Triumph, Roman public honour, xxiH.
577-
Triumphal Arches, at Rome, 11. 419;
XX. 830.
Triumph of Life, Shelley's poem, xxi.
794-
Triu.mpilini, Rhietian people, xx. 505.
TRruMViRi, or Triumvirate, Roman, lU
141; III. 79; XX. 765, 768.
Trivandrum, to^v■n, India, XXIII. 577;
observator)' at, XVll. 716.
Trivium, medifeval academic co'irse,
XX. 515.
TrOAD, district, Asia Minor, XXIIL 577;
XVII. 122; coins of, XVll. 646.
Troades, Euripides's play, Vlll. 676.
Trocedorfius, Valentin Friedland,
German teacher, xxill. 588.
TrochiliD/E, family of birds XII. 357.
Trochu, Louis Jules, French general,
IX. 627.
T roc mi, ancient tribe, Asia Minor, X. 18.
Trogerite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Troglodytes, ancient cave-dweller*.
XXIIL 583.
, genus of apes IL 149.
, genus of birds, xxiv. 688.
Trogon, bird, xxiii. 583; xx. 179.
Trogosita Mauritanic.a, wheat pest,
xxiv. 536.
Trogulide-S, family of arachnids IL
Trogus, Cnppus Pompeius, Roman his-
torian, xxiil. 5S4; Xlll. 791.
Troia, ancient town, Portugal, XXL
697.
Troilus and Cressida, romance, xx.
639.
Troilus and Crt:ssida, Shakespeare's
plav. XXL 764.
446
T R O — T S V
Troitsk, monastery, Russia, XXl. 676.
, toivn, Russia, XXIII. 584 ; xvil.
826; xviii. 515.
Troitze-Serghievsk, town, Russia,
XXI. 675.
Troki, lovm, Russia, xxiv.- 234.
Trollhattan, waterfall, Sweden, xxii.
737-
Trollope, Anthony, English novelist,
xxiii. 5S5.
, Frances, English authoress, xxiii.
585.
Trombidiid^ or Trombidides, family
of mit«3, II. 276; XVI. 528.
Trombone, musical instrumei*, XXIII.
58&.
Tromlitz, George, improver of Ger-
man flute, XXIII. 520.
Tro.moen, island, Norway, XVII. 576.
Tromp, Cornelius, Dutch admiral, XXIII.
5S8.
, MartLu Harpertzoon, Dutch ad-
miral, XXIII. 5S7; XII. 80; his naval
action wilh Blake, III. 804.
Trompe, water blowing engine. III.
551-
Tromso, town, Korsvay, xxiu. 582.
Trona,. mineral, xvi. 399.
Trondhjeii, town, Norway, XXlll.
321.
Troodos, Mount, Cyprus, yi. 747.
Troon, town, Scotland, III. 163.
Troop Horse, xii. 191.
Troostite, mineral, XVI. 411.
Troparion, in Greek hymnody, XII.
580.
Trophokius, Oracle of, in Greece, xvii.
808.'
Tropic-Bird, xxiii. 588.
Tropics, or Solstices, 11. 770; x. 199.
Tropidonotus, genus of snakes, xxil.
194.
Tropidorhvnchus, genus of birds,
•XVil. 844; mimicry in, XVI. 341.
Troppau, towm, Austria, xxiil. 58S;
congress of (1820), XVI. 201; district,
XXII. 53.
Trotman's Anchor, ii. 6,
Trotmunde (Dortmund), town, Ger-
many, VII. 374.
Trotting, horse racing, xii. 203,
204.
Trotula, female physician. Middle
Ages, XV. S06.
Trotzendorf; Valentin Friedland,
Gerriian teacher, XXIII. 588.
Troubadours, medieval minstrels, Vll.
413; XVI. 479; XVII. 83; XIX. 873;
XX. 642; poetry of, XIX. 873; early
French, IX. 646; in Portugal, XIX.
555-
Troughton, Edward, English instru-
ment maker, XXIII. 589 ; his filar
micrometer, XVI. 243; his method of
graduating sKiles, XI. 28.
Trou Madame, bagatelle game. III.
■13a
Trous-de-Loup, in fortification, ix.
424.
Trousers, worn by Roman soldieiB,
VI. 457.
Trout, fish, xii. 693; xxi. 221. 225;
angling for, II. 41.
Trouville, town, France, xjxiii. 589.
Trover, in law, xxiil 5S9.
Trowbridge, town, England, xxiii.
5S9.
Troy, ancient town, Asia Minor, xxill.
577; coins of, XVII. 646; of the Iliad,
XII. 117; Schliemarm's researches, 11.
341-
, town. New York, U.SjL, xxiii.
590.
— , West, town. New York, U.S.A.,
x.xiv. 517. .
, Legend of, romance, XX. 637.
, Jean Fran9oi3 de, French painter,
XXIII. 59a
Troves, to\vTi, France, xxiii. 590 ;
treaty of (1420), viii. 320; IX. 549;
librai-ies, Xiv. 526, 546.
Troy Weight, ii. 533.
Trubtchevsk, town, Russia, xvii. 826.
Truce, Military, XXIII. 531.
OF God, XXIII. 590; IX. 537.
Truchas, moimtain. New Mexico,
U.S.A., -XVii. 399.
Truckee, river and lake, Nerada,
U.S.Ai, xvii. 367.
Trucks, Railway, X.X. 247.
Truck System, of wages payments,
XIV. 172.
True Discourse, Celsus's work, v.
295.
True History, Lucian's, xv. 43.
True Intellectual System, Cud-
worth's work, VI. 6S9.
Truffle, edible fungus, xxiii. 591.
Trujillo, or TruxiUo, town, Peru,
XVIII. 674. '
Trumbull, distinguished American
family, xxiii. 592.
, John, American ■arritcr, XXIII.
592; I. 722.
Trump, old card game, xxiv. 543.
Trumpet, -musical insti-ument, xxiii.
592.
, Organ, XVII. S30. '
, Speaking and Heai-ing, XXIII. 594.
Trumpeter, or Trmnpet-Binl, xxill.
594-
Trundles, in mechanics, xv. 759.
Trunk-Hose, in mediieval costume,
VL 471.
Truro, town, England, xxill. 395.
Truss, in surgeiy, xi. 753.
Trusses, in bridge-builJiug, iv. 315,
321.
Trust, in law, xxiil 595.
Associations, hi. 328.
Trustee, iu law, xxiii. 597.
Tritth, Cartesian criterion of, v. 143;
Condilbc's, vi. 250; scholastic theory
of the twofold naturv of, XXi. 382,
431. See also articles Belief and
Scepticism.
Truths, The Four Great, of Buddhism,.
IV. 428.
Truvor, Russian chief, XXL 87.
Truxillo, town, Honduras, XIL 130.
, town, Peru, xvilI. 674.
Trygon, genus pf fishes, XX. 299.
Tryolite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Try'ON, William, governor or North -
Carolina, U.S.A., XVII. 562, .vxill.
739-
Trypho, Syrian usurper, xiii. 423.
, the Jew, Justin Martyi-'s dialogue
with, XIII. 790.
Trypograph, for manifold writing,
XXIV. 698.
Trypsin, alimentary secretion, xvii.
671; XIX. iS.
Trypsinogen, aumentary secretion,,
XIX. 1 8.
Tsana, Lake, Abyssinia, XVII. 507.
Tsar, or Czar, title, XXI. 92.
Tsaritsyn, town, Russia, xxill. 600;
XXI. 305.
Tsaritzyno Park, Moscow, Russia,
XVI. S59.
Tsarskoye Selo, town, Russia, x.xiii.
600; XXI. 194.
TsCHENSTOCHOW (Czcnstochova), Old
and New, towns, Poland, VI. 754.
TsCHEWKINITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
TSCHUDI, distinguished Swiss family^
X.\III. 601.
, Giles, or ^gidius, Swiss historian,.
XXIII. 600; XXII. 797.
, John Henry, S^dss historian,
XXIII. 601; XXII. 798.
, John James, Swiss family historian,,
XXIII. 601; XXII. 79S.
TSE-NAN Foo, town, China, xxiii. 601;
V. 633.
TSERCLAES, Johann, count of Tilly,
imperial general, X.\i;i. 391; III, 125;,
X. 50a
Tsetse Fly, xxiil 601, 518; i. 260;
viL 256.
Tse-Wang Arabtan, Kalmuk khan,
jyi. 746.
TSHAKA, or Chaka, Zulu chief, xxiv.
828; XVU. 242.
TSHAKONES, Greek lace, XI. 84.
TSHI, tribe and language, Gold Coast,
Africa, X. 756.
TSIRIBIHINA, river, Madagascar, XV.
169.
Tsi-TSl-HAR, province, Manchuria, XV..
466.
TsiT-TOUNG, river, Buimah, XXL 849;
XXIII. 486.
Tsitj-TSUAN-TSIUN, to^vn, China, XXII.
617.
TSNA, river, Russia, XXI. 115; XXl v.
279.
TSONGKAPA, Buddhist reformer, xiv.,
229.
TSUGARU Strajts, J.ipan, xiil. 570.
Tsushima, island, Japan, xili. 569.
Tu, region, Nortli Central Africa, KXIII.
334-
lUAM, ton-n, IreJand, XXIII. 601; X.
56.
TUAMOTU Archipelago, group of
coral islands, SouUi Pacific, XXIII-
602, 22.
TUARICKS, or Tuarcgs, race of people,
Nortli Africa, I. 261, 26S; XXL 151.
TUAT, oasis Africa, XVII. 695.
TUATHA DE Danann, early Irish trite,
V. 299; in Irish legend, XIII. 243.
Tuathal, Irish king, XIII. 245.
Tuba, Roman trvimpet, XXIII. 592.
Tueal-Cain, of Scripture, XIV. 238.
TUBBUS, or Tabas, town, Persia, XVIII.
627.
Tube-Making, of brass, iv. 218.
Tuber, of plants, xix. 593; XX. 423.
, genus of Fungi, XXIII. 591.
TUBERACEyE, suborder of Fungi, IX.
834.
Tubercular Disease, xviii. 405,
855.
Tuberculosis, cattle disease, xxiv.
204.
Tuberose, plant, xxiii. 602.
Tubilustria, Roman fe.stival, xxiv.
301.
Tubinares, group of birds, xviiL 45,
712.
Tubingen, town, Wurtemberg, xxiii.
602; library, XIV. 547; university,
XXIII. 842.
School, Modem, of theology, in.
447; their criticism of the Acts, I. 127;
their theory of the Gospels, III. 643.
Tubularia, genus of Hydrozoa, XII.
547-
Tubus (Tibbus), nomad race. North
Africa, XXIII. 334; L 261, 268; XVIIL
318, 319; XXII. 27&
Tucker, Abraham, English moralist,
XXIIL 603.
, H. H., on the morality of Negroes,
xvn. 317.
, Josiah, dean of Gloucester, political
economist, xxill. 604; XIX. 365.
Tuckermann, Henry T., American
essayist, I. 724.
Tuckernuck, island, Jlassachusetts,
U.S.A., Xvn. 174.
Tucker's Locks, xiv. 747.
TucKEY, James Kingston, explorer of
the river Congo, I. 246; X. 192.
Tuco-Tuco, rodent mammal, xvilL
353-
Tucson, town, Arizona, ir.S-A., xxiii.
604.
TucujiAN, town, Argentine Bepublic,
xxiii. 604.
TUDEL.A, town, Spain, XXIII. 604.
TUDER (Todi), ancient town, Italy,
XXIII. 724.
TUDMiR (Palmyra), town, AnJAtir
Turkey, xvul 198.
T S U — T U P
Tudor, House of, Euglush dynasty, V.
237; XL 662; xiv. 257.
, Edmimd, Tomb of, xxi. 160.
, Oven, ancestor of House of Tudor,
V. 237; VIII. 32S.
Tuff, or Tufa, volcanic stone, X. 239:
as building material in ancient Rome,
XX 80S.
Tuffer, spa, Styria; Austria, xxil. 614.
Tugendbund, Prussian association, XX.
II.
TUGGARAH, Lake, New South Wales,
XVII. 408.
TUGHLAK, Mahommed, sovereign of
Delhi, India, XII. 608, 793.
TIMUR, of Kashgar, XXIIL 399.
TUI, bird, XII. 139.
TuiLERiES, palace, at Paris, xviiL
276.
TUKE, Sir Brian, first English post-
master, XIX. 562.
, Hcnrj', English ethical writer,
XXIII. 604.
, Samuel, English philanthropist,
XXIII. 604.
, WUUaiu, English philanthropist,
XXIIL 604.
Tu-Kiu, Turkish race of people, xxill.
659-
Tula, government, Russia, xxill. 604;
town, XXIII. 605.
Tulare, Lake, California, U.S.A., iv.
697.
Tulcha, town, Rouniania, vii. 309.
Tulchan Bishops, in Scottish history,
VIII. 489; XIX. 680.
Tulip, plant, xxiii. 605; xil. 253, 259.
Tree, ii. 320; xv. 283; of United
States, XXIII. 808.
Wood, .\x. 852.
Tull, Jethro, his system of husbandry,
I. 299.
Tulle, to\vn, France, XXIIL 605.
, textile fabric, XXIII. 606.
TULLIANUM, ancient building, at Rome,
XX. 814.
TULLIN, Christian Braumann, Norse
poet, XVII. 59a
TULLOCH, John, Scottish divine, XXIII.
606.
TuLLOCHGORUil, Skinner's song, XXIL
124-
TULLUM (Toul), ancient to^m, France,
XXIII. 483.
TULLUS HosTlLius, king of Rome,
X.XIII. 606; XX. 733.
TULOU, Jean Louis French improver of
the flute, XXIII. 521.
Tulsi-Das, Hindi writer, XL 846.
TULTCHIN, town, Russia, XIX. 254.
TULUNIDS, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 586.
TUMBOYONKON, mountain. North Bor-
neo, xxL 123.
Tumbrel, instrument of punishment,
XIX 96.
TUMEDS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744.
Tumkur, district, Aidia, xxiii. 606.
447
TUMLOOK (TamlukX town, India, XVL
284.
TUMLUNG, town, India, XXIL 51.
TUMMEL, Loch, Scotland, XIV. 217;
XVIII. 665.
TUMOURS, XVIII. 367, 371, 379. 3S2, 402;
surgical operations on, XXII. 6S7.
TUMULI, ancient burial-places, II. 384;
HI. 397; of ancient America, I. 692;
at Carnac, France, v. 118.
Tun, town, Persia, xviii. 627.
TUNBRIDGE, to^v^l, England, XXIIL
606
Wells, town, England, xxill.
607; mineral water of, xvi. 434.
Tundah (Tanda), town, India, .XVIII.
72.
Tundras, sterile regions, Russia, xix.
32S; XXL 67, 75.77; XXIL 2.
Tunes, Hymn, xvn. 85.
Tung-Chow, town, China, XXIII. 607.
Tung-King, or Tong-King, French
colony, Eastern Asia, xxiil. 439; vi.
93-
TUNGSTATES, salts of tungsten, xxiil.
607; xtA. 403.
Tungsten, chemical element, xxill.
607; v. 541; in iron, XIIL 284; in
steel, XIII. 352.
TuNGSTic Acid, xxiil 608.
TUNGSTlTE, mineral, XVI. 3S8.
Tung-ting, lake, China, v. 632.
TUNGURAGUA, mountain. Ecuador, ?II.
645.
TUNGUSES, North Asiatic people, XXIII.
608; XV. 548; XXIL 9.
TUNGUSIC LANGUAGE, XXIV. I.
TUNGUSKA.or Turguzka, rivers, Siberia,
XXIL 5; XXIV. 742.
TUNGZORUN, mountain, Caucasus, V.
253-
Tunic, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 462.
Tunica, Roman article of dress, ti.
456.
TUNICATA, group of animals, XXIII.
609; II. 53; XXIV. 186; embryology
of, XX. 419; reproduction of, XX.
409; recognized as'Vertebrata, XXIV.
179.
TUNING Fork, xxiil 619; l 113, 117;
XVII. 106.
Tunis, regency, North Africa, xxiii.
619; L265; conquest of, by the Turks,
XXIII. 644; town, XXIII. 621.
Tunkers, American sect of Baptists,
VII. 543.
TUNNELLING, XXIII. 622.
Tunnels, Railway, XX. 233.
Tunny, fish, xxiil 625.
TunstaLL, town, England, XXIIL 625.
, Mamiaduke. on British birds,
XVIII. 9.
Tupac Amaru, Insurrection of, in Bol-
ivia, IV. 17.
TUPAIA, genus of insectivorous mam-
mals, XV. 402.
TUPUNGATO, mountain. Chili, v. 616.
448
T U R — T W A
TUR, Jebel al-, mountains, Sinai, Arabia, -
XXII. 88.
T»IRA, river, Siberia, xxill. 429.
TURACUS, genus of birds, XXIII. 487.
Turanian, meaning of the word, xxiii.
625.
Lancu.\ges, xxiv. I ; xviii. 779.
TURATEYA, district, Celebes, v. 288.
Turbary, Cumiuon of, right of cutting
turf, VI. 209.
Turbat-i-Haidari, town, Pei-sia, xviii.
627.
Turbellarians, group of worms, xvil.
326; xix. 170.
Turbine, water-wheel, xii. 43S, 524;
steam, XXII. 517.
Turbot, fish, XXIII. 625; XII. 692.
TURCARET, Le Sage's drama, XIV. 472.
TURCILINGI, Germanic tribes, XVll.
726.
TURCOMANIA, regions of Asia, XVI. 42;
XXIII. 512.
Turcomans, peoples^ Asia, xxiii. 660,
661 ; XIV. 64; of Asia Minor, 11. 712; of
Persia, xviii. 627, 632; of, Turkestan,
XXIII. 636.
TURCO-TaTAR L.'iNGUAGE, XXIII. 66l.
TURDETANIA (Tartessus), ancient dis-
trict, Spain, XVIII. 806.
TURDID.C, group of birds, XVIII. 47;
their relation to Sylviidoe, XXIV. 366.
TURDUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 74; XX.
318; XXIII. 322.
TXjrenne, Vicomte de, French mai'shal,
XXIII. 626; IX. 571.
TURFAy, oasis, Turkestan, XXIII. 639.
TurgaI, province and town, Central
Asia, XXIII. 627.
Turgenieff, Ivan, Russian novelist,
XXIII. 4S8; XXI. loS.
Turges, legendary king of Ireland,
XIII. 251.
TURGITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
TURGOT, Anne Robert Jacques, Marquis
de r Aulne, French economist and
statesman, XXIII. 627; IX. 594, 667;
XIX. 361.
TURGUTS, or Torgod, Mongol tribe, IV.
7io;'XVl. 745, 749.
Turin, town, Italy, XXIII. 630; academy,
I. 70; libraries, XIV. 530, 548; observa-
tory, XVII. 713; pictures, XXI. 447.
Turinsk, town, Russia, xviii. 550.
, town, Tobolsk, Siberia, XXIII.
430-
T^JP.KA, spa. Eastern Siberia, xxui.
510.
Turkestan, East and West, Centi-al
Asia, XXIII. 631; I. 241; II. 680;
XVIII. loi; XXII. 820.
Turkey, xxiii. 640; oppression of the
Greeks by, XI. 122; wars with Persia,
xviii. 635, 636, 6481 plague in, XIX.
167; wars with Russia, svii. 485; XXI.
loi; conquest of Servia by, XXI. 689;
contests with Venice, xxiv. 144, 147;
aricy, n. 617; carpets, v. 129; Jews
in, XIII. 686; newrpapers, XVII. 432;
opium cultivation, xvii. 788; railways,
XX. 252; weights and measures, XXIV.
490. See also Turks.
Turkey, bird, xxiii. 657; xix. 646.
Corn, maize, xv. 309.
Turkey-Red, in dyeing, iv. 688; vil.
576.
Turkey Sponge, xxi;. 423.
Turki Language, xxiii. 661.
Turkish Baths, hi. 437.
Turkish Language, XXIII. 661; xxiv.
I; dictionaries of, Vll. iSg.
Turkish Literature, xxiii. 655.
Turkistan, or Tm-kestan (q-v.), xxiii.
631.
Turkmans, peoples, Asia, xxili. 660,
661. See Tui'comaus.
Turks, race of people, XXIII. 65S; their
first appearance in history, XVIII.
582; early history of, XVI.- 584; first
contact of, with the Persian empire,
XVIII. 613; in Africa, I. 262; their
occupation of Arabia, II. 260; in
Athens, III. 10; invasion of Austria by,
III. 126; invasion of Europe by (16S3),
XIX. 296; their attack on Vienna
(16S3), XIV. 466; in Walachia, XXI.
16, 18. See also Seljuks and Turkey.
Turk's-Cap Cactus, iv. 625.
Turk's Islands, West Indies, iii. 236;
XIII. 549.
Turmeric, tuberous root, xxiii.
662.
Turnbull's Blue, piginent, xx. 24.
Turner, Charles, English engraver,
XXIII. 662.
, Joseph Mallord William, English
painter, XXIII. 663; XXI. 441.
, William, on birds, XVIII. 3.
TuRNERITE, mineral, XVI. 403,
Turne.is' Tools, xiv. 323; xv. 154.
Turnhout, to\ni, Belgium, xxill.
668.
Turning Lathe, xiv. 323.
Pieces, in mechanics, xv. 755.
Turnip Beetle, i. 367.
Turnip-Cutter, i. 326.
Turnip-Fly, or Tuinip-Flea, xxill.
668; VI. 134.
Turnip-Pulper, I. 327.
Turnips, agricultural root-crop, I. 303,
365, 383; diseases of, I. 367; gai'deu
vegetable, XII. 2S8.
Turnip S.wv-Fly, xxl 343.
Turnip-Seed, i. 383.
Turnip-Thinner, i. 321.
TURNIX, genus of birds, XX. 147.
TURNOR, Hatton, his Astra Castra, ..
207.
Turnpike, road, xi. 811; tolls levied
on, XXIII. 436.
Turnsole, plant, xi. 633.
Turnstone, bird, xxiii. 668.
Turn-Table, Railway, xx. 238.
Turold, Anglo-Norman writei-, viii.
407.
TURONES, ancient Gallic people, xxiIl,
491.
Turpentine, oleo-resin, xxiii. 669,
crude, XX. 852; from the larch, xiv.
310; from the pine, xix. 104; Stiast-
burg, IX. 225; Yenice, XIV. 310.
TURPIN, archbishop of Rheims, legend-
ary chronicler,, XXIII. 669; xx. 626;
chronicle of, xx. 650. ■
Turquoise, precious stone, xxiii. 669;
XVI. 405.
Turrecremat.\, Johannes de (Torqms
mada), cardinal, XXIII. 452.
Turretin, Genevan theologians (Benott,
Franjois, and Jean Alphonse), XXJII.
670.
Turret-Shield, in fortiflcation, ix,
453-
Turret-Ships, xvn. 285.
TURSHIZ, district, Persia, XVIII. 62/.
Tursio, cetacean mammal, XV. 399.
Turtle, chelonian reptile, xx. 441,
445; XXIIL 455.
TURTLE-DOVE, VIL 380.
Turunchuk, river, Russia, vii. 306.
Tuscany, territorial division, Italy,
XXIII. 670; under the Medici, XV.
7S9; Siena annexed to, xxil. 4^;
dialect of, XIII. 496; straw-plaiting
industry of, XXII. 593.
Tuscia, ancient division, Italy, XXIII.
671.
Tusculum, ancient town, Italy, XXIII.
671; XIV. 344; bath at. III. 435; water-
works at, II. 219.
Tusidde, mountain, Sahara, Africa,
XXII. 149.
Tusks, Ivory from, XIIL 520 ; of
elephant, XV. 350.
TussAC (or Tussock) Grass, i. 378; ix.
15-
TUSSER, Thomas, English poet, XXIU.
672; on husljandry, I. 296.
TussUR, sUkworm, xxil. 60; silk from,
XII. 752.
TUTELA (TudeLi), ancient town, Spain,
XXIII. 604.
TirricoRlN, town, India, xxill. 405,
TUTIORISM, in casuistry, XIV. 636.
Tutor, in law, XIII. I, 3; in relation to
women's rights, XXIV. 638; in Roman
law, XX. 672, 688.
Tuttle's Comet, vi. 193.
TUTUILA, island. South Pacific, XVII.
279.
TUTUL-Xrus, people of Yucatan, I.
705.
Tuv, town, Spain, Xix. 453.
TlTYERES, in blast-furuaccs XIII. 304.
TuzLAH, salt lake, Asia Minor, II. 704.
Tver, giiverrmient eind town, Russia,
XXIII. 672.
Tw'AiTE Shad, fish, xxi. 726.
TWARDOWSKI, Samuel, Polish poet,
XIX. 302.
Twa-tu-tia, town, Formosa, China, l,\.
417.
T \V E — U C C
449
Tweed, river, Scotland, xxiii. 673;
XVIII. 451; XXI. 33.
— , ■William M., mayor of New York,
XVII. 463.
TwEEDDALE, district, Scotland, xviii.
451.
TWEEDMOUTH, town, England, III. 610.
Tweed Ring, New York, xxiii. 783.
Tweeds, variety of cloth, xxiv. 662.
Twelfth Day, or Epiphany, viii. 4S3.
Twelfth Night, Shakespeare's play,
XXI. 764.
Twelve Labours, of Hercules, xi.
726
Twelve Patriarchs, Testaments of
the, II. I So.
Twelve Peers, of France, xvill. 468.
Twelve Tables, in Roman law, xiv.
328; XX. 678, 737-
Twenty-Four Parganas, district,
India, XXIII. 673.
Twesten, Aiig\ist D. C, German writer
on logic, XIV. 800.
Twice Told Tales, Ha^rthorne's work,
XL 537.
Twickenham, to-n-n, England, xxiii.
673; Pope's residence at, xix. 485.
Twilight, xxiii. 674; 11. 770; x. 200,
205.
Twiller, Wouter van, airector, New
Netherland, America, XVII. 454.
Twill Weaving, xxiv. 464.
Twin Crystals, xvi. 363.
Twine Manufacture, xx. 845.
Twin Monsters, xvi. 765.
Twist, Action of a, in mechanics, XV.
743-
Tobacco, xxiii. 426.
Twite, bird, xiv. 675.
Two Gentlemen of Verona, Shake-
speare's play, XXI. 763.
Two-Headed Eagle, of Russia, xxi.
91.
Two-Headed Nightingale, femaie
monsters, XVI. 766.
Two Sicilies, kingdom of Europe, xiii.
478; XXII. 28; Norman conquest of,
xm. 470.
Two TH0US.A.ND Guineas, English
horse-race, XII. 202.
Ty, or Tyr, Scandinavian divinity, I.
211.
Tyana, ancient to^vn, Asia Minor, v. 75.
TyaNITIS, region, Asia Minor, v. 75.
TVARD, Poutus de. French poet, XX.
841.
Tyburn, brook, London, xiv. 818.
Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer, iv.
200. See Brahe.
Tychonic Solar System, ii. 777.
Tycoon, Japanese ruler, xiii. 584.
Tyd^a, genus of plants, XII. 266.
Tykocin, town, Russia, XI v. 817.
Tyldesley with Shakerley, town,
England, xxill. 674.
Tylenchus Scandens, wheat pest,
XXIV. 536.
25—24
Tyler, John, president of the United
States, XXIII. 674, 766.
, Miss, guardian of Robert Southey,
XXII. 290.
, Wat, Insurrection of, viii. 319;
XX. 541.
TvLOPODA, group of ungulate mammals,
XIV. 738; XV. 430.
Tylor, Edward B., on animism, 11. 55;
his theory of mythology, XVII. 143.
Tym, river, Saghalin, Asia, XXI. 147.
TYMPANU.\t, of human ear, I. S92.
, in architecture, II. 475.
Tyndale, William, translator of English
Bible, XXIII. 675; VIII. 384; his
relations with Luther, VIII. 374.
Tvndall, John, on motion of glaciers,
X. 630; his experiments on magnetic
crystals, XV. 266.
Tyne, river, England, xxill. 675; xvn.
565; improvement works of, xx. 578.
Tynemouth, tovm, England, xxin.
675.
Tynwald, Court of. Isle of Man, xv.
452-
Type, in biological classification, xx.
421.
, Printing, XXIII. 681, 692, 694,
697; for the blind, in. 827.
Type-Founding, xxiii. 699, 709;
BaskerviUe's experiments in. III. 421.
Type-Printing Telegraph, xxiii.
120.
TYPE-SETTING M.'iCHINES, XXIII. 70O.
Type-Writing Machines, xxiv. 698.
Typhlopid.e, family of snakes, xxiL
192.
Typhoeus, of Greek mythology, xxiii.
676.
Typhoid Fever, xxiii. 678; xviii.
403; in the horse, XXIV. 203.
Typhon, of Greek mythology, XXIII.
676; VII. 717.
Typhoon, hurricane, n. 690; xvl 154;
XXIII. 676.
Typhus Fever, xxiil 676, 6S0; xviii.
403; quarantine laws of, XX. 156.
Typo-Etchikg Process, xxiii. 704.
Typographic Etching, for printing,
XXIII. 704.
Typography, or Printing, xxiil 681;
early English, XIV. 705; knowledge
of, necessary to the bibliographer, III.
653-
'1 ypus, of Constans II., in Monothelite
controversy, XVI. 758; XV. 582.
Tyr, Scandinavian divinity, I. 211.
Tyrannus, genus of birds, XIV. 80.
, Maximus III., Roman emperor,
XV. 645.
, CEdipus, Sophocles's drama, xxii.
273-
Tyranny, form of government, xi. 11.
Tyrants, Greek rulers, XI. 94.
Tyras (Dniester), river, Russia, vii. 306.
Tvrconnel, Count of, Austrian general,
XVII. 727.
Tvrconnel, Earls of (the O'Donnells),
XIII. 262.
, Richaid Talbot, earl of, Irish states-
man, XIIL 268.
Tyre, town, Phmnicia, XXIII. 710;
XVIII. S04, S07, Sog; coins of, XVII.
650; siege and destruction of, by Alex-
ander, I. 482; XVIIL 582.
, Era of, V. 715.
TVRITE, mineral, xvL 427.
Tyro, mother of Pelias, XVIII. 474.
TYROGLYPHID.E, family of mites, xvi.
528.
Tyrol, province, Austria, xxill. 711;
XX. 504 ; insurrection of, under Hof er,
XII. 44.
Tyrolese Alps, 1. 629, 630.
Tyrone, county, Ireland, xxiil. 712.
, Earl of, XIII. 262.
Tyropceon, valley, at Jerusalem, XIII.
637, 641.
Tyrrel, Sir James, keeper of Tower
of London, vii. 685.
Tyrrheni.^, or Etruria (5r.11.), viii. 633.
Tyrsenus, mythic king of Lydia, xv. 99.
Tyrt^us, Greek elegiac poet, xxin.
713-
Tytherly, England, Owen's community
at, XVIII. 88.
Tything Man, early English magis-
trate, XV. 217.
Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee, Scottish judge, XXIIL 713.
, James, first British afronaut, 1. 190;
contributor to 2d edition of Encyclo-
pjedia Britannica, I. 190; VIII. 20c
, Patrick Fraser Scottish historian,
XXIII. 714.
, William, Scottish historian and
antiquary, XXIIL 714.
Tyukalinsk, town, Tobolsk, Siberia,
XXIII. 430.
Tyumen, town, Siberia, xxiii. 714.
Tzarskoye Selo, town, Russia, xxill.
600; xxi. 194.
Tzerini, town, Cyprus, vi. 748.
Tzetzes, Joannes, Byzantine writer,
xxin. 714; XI. 145.
T T the twenty-first letter of the
^ > alphabet, XXIII. 715.
Uat, or Uati, Egyptian divinity, IV.
590; VII. 718.
Uaua, Nilotic tribes, Africa, Xvn. 612.
''BANGI, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
XXIV. 764.
Ubasha Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 745.
Ubeda, to-ttTi, Spain, xxni. 715.
Uberti, Fazio degli, Italian writer,
XIII. 505.
Ubon, river, Cambodia, Asia, XV. 832.
UCAYALE, or XJcayali, head stream of
Amazon, South America, i. 654; xvin.
672.
UCCELLO, Pizzo d', mountain, Italy,
XIII. 43S.
XXV. - 57
450
U C H — U N D
UcHATius Process, of steel-making,
XIII. 347.
Udaipur, state, India, XXIII. 716; v.
768; XX. 260; town, XXIII. 716.
Ud.^l, kind of land tennre, XXUI. 716-
Ud.\LL, Nicholas, English comedian,
XXIII. 716; VIII. 416.
Uddu, province of Uganda, Africa,
xxill. 717.
U DEN H EI .M (Pliilippsburg), towTi, Baden,
XVIII. 754.
Udine, town, Italy, xxiii. 716.
Udinians, Caucasian tribe, Xiv. 475.
Udolpho, Mysteries of, Mrs Radcliffe's
novel, XX. 211.
Udometer, rain gauge, xx. 256.
V EA, island. South Pacific, XV. 30.
Ueberweo, Friedrich, German philo-
sopher, XXIII. 716.
Ufa, government and town, Russia,
XXIII. 717.
, river, Russia, XXIV. 279.
Uffizi Gallery, Florence, ix. 332;
XXI. 446.
Uganda, country. Central Africa, XXIII.
717-
Ugeunum (Beaucaire), Roman town,
France, HI. 467.
Ugingo, lake island, Africa, xvil. 505.
Uglitch, town, Russia, xxiii. 718.
Ugra, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
Ugrian Language, xxiv. i ; xviii.
779; dictionaries of, VII. 188.
Ugrians, Ural-Altaic people, IX. 21Q;
XIV. 59; XXI. 78.
Ugrian Strait, Nova Zembia, xvii.
604.
Ugri Bielii, or Khazars (q.v.), xiv.
59-
Ugro-Saiiovedes, race of people, Si-
beria, XXII. II.
Ugurs, or Uigurs (j.v.), xxill. 659.
Uhland, Johann Ludmg, German poet,
XXIII. 71S; X. 543.
Uigurs, Turkish people, xxii. 11;
XXIII. 659; XXIV. I.
Uintah Mountains, U.S.A., xxiii.
796; XXIV. 19.
Uist, North and South, islands, Scot-
land, XI. 607.
Uje, district, Bornu, Central Africa, IV.
61.
UjlJI, town. Central Africa, XXIII. 719,
46; XXIV. 763.
U;jAiN, town, India, xxill. 719; XV.
346.
Ukerewe, lake island, "Africa, XVll.
504.
Ukraine, district, Russia, xxiii. 719.
School, of poets, in Polish litera-
ture, XIX. 304.
Ukrainians, or Little Russians, xxi.
78.
Ukrayna, district, Russia, xvii. 826.
Ulai, river, Persia, XXII. 722
UlvCER, in pathology, XVIII. 366; of the
stnmach, XXII. (,7s; synhiUtic. xxil.
686; vaccinal, xxiv. 26; treatment of
ulceration, XXII. 683.
Uldin, Hunnic chief, xiL 381.
Uldsheitu Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi.
742.
Uleaborg, province, Finland, ix. 217.
Ulema, Moslem clergy, xxil. 660; xix.
730; XXIII. 654.
Ulenburgh, Saskia van, wife of
Rembrandt, XX. 374.
Ulex, genus of shrubs, IX. 851.
Ulexite, mineral, xvi. 396.
Ulfjlas, or Umia, bishop of the
Goths, XXIII. 719; X 849, 852; his
modifications of the Greek alphabet,
I. 613.
Ullage, in gauging, xvi. 28.
Ullmannite, mineral, xvi. 391.
Ulloa, Alonso de, on oppression of the
Indians, I. 709.
Ullswater, Lake, England, vi. 699;
XXIV. 513.
Ulm, town, Wiirtembcrg, xxill. 720;
wood-carving in cathedral, XXIV. 649;
capitulation of (1805), III. 132; XVII.
209.
Ulmus, genus of trees, vill. 151.
Ulpianus, Domitius (Ulpian), Roman
jurist, XXIII. 721; XIII. 793; his life-
annuity table, II. 79.
Ulrica Eleonore, queen of Sweden,
XXII. 751.
Ulrich I., duke of Wiirtemberg, xxiv.
702.
Ulrici, Hermann, German philosopher,
XXIII. 721; on the categories, V. 225.
Ulster, province, Ireland, xiil. 215;
early Scotic conquest of, XIII. 246;
plantation of, XIII. 266; land custom
in, XIV. 276.
, Annals of, Irish chronicle, v.
307-
King-at-Arms, XI. 688.
Ultramarine, pigment, xxill. 721;
XIV. 300; XIX. 87.
Ultramontanism, Roman CathoUc
movement, VI. 241; XVII. 754.
Ulua, river, Hondureis, xii. 130.
Ulugh Beg, Mirza Mohammed lien
Shah Rok, Persian astronomer, XXIII.
722; II. 751; XVIII. 632; his tables of
Eastern geography, X. 178.
Ulu-Kem, river, Mongolia, XXII. 5.
Ulverston, town, England, xxili.
722.
Ulvo, island, Norway, XI v. 769.
Ulwar (Alwar), state. India, I. 649;
XX. 260.
Ulysses, in Greek legend, xvii. 729.
Ulyssippo, ancient name of Lisbon,
XIV. 693.
Uman, town, Russia, xxiii. 722.
Umarkot, town, India, XXIII. 221.
Umatilla, river, Oregon, U.S.A., xvil.
822.
Umayo, Lake, Peru, xviii. 673.
U.mballa. or Cmballah (Ambala),
division, district, and town, India, i.
655; XX. 109.
Umbelliferone, crystalline product
of sumlial, x.xii. 641.
Umber, mineral and pigment, xvi. 425;
XIX. 88.
Umbilical Vesicle, of mammals, xv.
369-
Umbilicanimj, sect of Greek Church,
XI. 782.
Umbrella, xxill. 722; earliest use of,
in England, xi. 453.
, genus of JloUusca, XVI. 655.
Umbrella-Tree, xv. 283.
UMBRIA, district, Italy, XXIII. 723;
XIII. 496; its school of painting, XXI.
435. 442.
Umbrian Dialect, of Latin, xx. 661.
Umbrians, ancient Italian people, XIII.
444; XXIII. 723.
Umbro-Sabellian Language, xiv.
327-
Umgeni, river, Natal, Africa, xvil.
240.
Umiak, Eskimo boat, viii. 545.
Umiliati trading fraternity, in Milan,
XVI. 7'- .
Um Keis, village, Syria, x. 4.
Umkomanzi, river, Natal, Africa, xvii.
240.
Ummerapoora (Amarapura), to^^^l,
Burmah, I. 653; III. 144.
Umm Rabi, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
Umpqua, river, Oregon, U.S.A., xvil.
822.
Umritsir, or Umritzur (Amritsar),
district and town, India, I. 777; xx.
109, no.
Umzimkulu, river, Natal, Africa, xvii.
240.
Unanue, Hijwlito,. Peruvian physicist,
xviii. 675.
Unao, district, India, xxiii. 724.
Unau, sloth of Brazil, XXII. 162.
Uncial Writing, Greek, xviiL 145;
Latin, XVIII. 152.
Uncompahgre Mountains, U.S.A.
XXIII. 796.
Unconditioned, Philosophy of the,
Hamilton's, XI. 418
Unction, Extreme, sacrament. Church
of Rome, vill. 813.
Undercliff, town, Isle of Wight,
England, XXIV. 562.
Underground Railways, xx. 239.
Understanding, distinction between
it and sense, XX. 75; Jacobi's theory
of, XIII. 537.
— , Essay on tie Human, Locke's, xiv.
756, 757.
, Treatise on the Human, Hume's,
XIL 351.
Underwriters, marine insurei-s, xiil.
184; at Lloyd's, xiv. 741.
Undine, Fouqu^'s book, IX. 487.
Undulatory Theory, of light, xiv.
60;; XXIV. ;12I.
J N E — U R A
451
U.VEARNED INCREME?IT, in economics,
XIV. 367.
UxGARAN, town, Java, xiii. 606.
UngrUND, in Boehme's pUlosophy, in.
S53.
Unguents, or Lnbricants, in mechanics,
XV. 34, 765.
Ungulata, order of Mammalia, XV.
421; sense of touch in, xxm. 479.
Ungvar, town, Hungary, XXIII. 724.
Uni, Etruscan goddess, XIII. 778.
Unicorn, fabulous animal, xxili.
725-
, in heraldry, XI. 702.
, Sea, cetacean mammal, XV. 398;
XVII. 235.
Unification, of moneys, xvi. 734.
Uniformity, Acts of, English, xix.
690; xxiii. 199.
Uniforms, Naval and Military, vi. 477;
of British na\'y, xvii. 295.
Unigenitus, papal buU(i7i3), v. 822;
XIX. 507.
Unim.\k, volcano and island, Aleutian
group, I. 444, 480.
Unio, genus of molluscs, XVII. 1 10.
Union Jack, British flag, ix. 278.
Union of Crowns, of England and
Scotland, XXI. 509.
Union of Parliaments, England and
Scotland, XVIII. 308; XXI. 518;
Patcrson's advocacy of, xviii. 360;
Great Britain and Ireland, XIII. 271;
XVI I I. 30S.
Unions, Poor Law, xix. 472.
Unison, of sounds, l. loS; in music,
xvii. 78.
Unit, Standard, of value, in currency,
XVI. 730. See Units.
Unitarianis.m, religious system, xxm.
725; XIII. 671; theism of, XXIII.
249.
Unitas Fratrum, or Moravian
Brethren (q.v.), XVI. 811.
United Brethren in Christ,
American sect, xxiir. 726; xvi.
192.-
United Bulgarians, in Church of
Rome, XX. 631.
United Evangelical Church, Ger-
many, X. 469; XV. 86.
United Irishmen, Insurrection of,
XIII. 271.
United KiNGDOM,The,of Great Britain
and Ireland, XXIII. 727; XI. 79.
United Methodist Free Churches,
XVI. 192.
United New Netherland Com-
pany, XVII. 454.
United Presbyterian Church, in
Scotland, xxiii. 727; viii. 528;
IX. 746.
United Provinces, of the Nether-
lands, XII. 77, So.
United Secession Church, Scotland,
XXIII. 727.
United States, of America, xxiii.
729 (index, 839); I. 711; attitude of
Chatham towards, XIX. 136; civil war
(1S61-65), XIV. 659; Declaration of
Independence, XIII. 614; architecture,
II. 453; ai-my, II. 619; banking. III.
339; birds. III. 750; XVIIL 16; estab-
lishments for the blind. III. 830;
census-taking, v. 338; Presbyterian
Church, XIX. 697; Protestant Episco-
pal Church, VIII. 493; citizenship, I.
576; coalfields, VI. 60; proportion of
coloured people, XVII. 320; cotton
manufactiues, VI. 506; cotton supply,
VI. 485; fisheries, IX. 267; forests, IX.
405; gold, X. 743; government, IX. 62;
XL 14; immigration statistics, vill.
177; Indian tribes, XII. 830; Jews,
XIIL 687; land laws, XIV. 265; lib-
raries, XIV. 534, 550; literature, I. 718;
mines, Xvl. 469; municipalities, XVII.
31; navy, XVII. 300; newspapers, xvii.
433; observ'atories, XVII. 715; oyster-
culture, XVIII. 107, 109; periodical
literature, XVIII. 544; police system,
XIX. 341; post-office, XIX. 578; prison
system, XIX. 763; railways, XX. 253;
slavery, XXII. 141; statutes, XXII. 471;
tobacco culture, xxm. 424; univer-
sities, xxm. 857; weights and measures,
XXIV. 491; wine industry, XXIV. 611.
Units, in physics, vii. 241, 582; electro-
magnetic, xxm. 116; of measurement,
XV. 668; of value, in currency, xvi.
730; for weights and measures, xxiv.
47S, 483.
Unity, in philosophy, xvL 81; xviii.
793; conception of, in psychology, XX.
79; intuition of unity and complexity,
in psychology, XX. 56.
Universalism, theological doctrine,
VIII. 538.
Universalis! Church, xxiii. 831.
Universal Method, Adanson's bio-
logical classification, I. 144.
Universals, in scholastic logic, XXI.
418; Albertus on, I. 454.
Universe, Elements of, according to
ancients, v. 459.
, The sidereal. Theories of, 11. 821;
Herschels, XL 797; XVII. 311; Kant's,
XIII. 847; Kepler's, XIV. 47.
Universities, xxm. 831 (index, 85S);
distinction between, and colleges, VI.
143; precedence of ofiicers of, xix.
668; English, origin and establishment
of, VIII. 304, 317; European, vm. 711;
German, X. 471.
University College, London, xiv.
835-
University College, Oxford, xvm.
97-
U.viversity Examinations, viii. 778.
Ukkiar Skelessi, Treaty of (1833),
XXIII. 650.
Unlawful Assembly, in law, xx. 564.
Unleavened Bread, Feast of, Jewish,
XVIII. 343.
Unmanz, German islet, Baltic Sea, xxi.
56.
Unreason, Abbot of, v. 704.
Unsoundness of Mind, in medical
jurisprudence, xv. 780. See also In-
sanity.
Unst, isknd, Shetland, Scotland, xvii.
■846.
Unter den Linden, street, Berlin, in.
594-
Unterw.u,den, canton, Switzerland,
XXIII. 858; X.XH. 781.
Unwin, Mrs, friend of Cowper, vi.
534-
Unyama, affluent of Nile, Africa, xvil.
506.
Unyoro, kingdom, Central Africa,
XXIII. 859.
Unzha, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
Upanishads, Hindu philosophical
writings, IV. 201 ; xxi. 273, 280;
XXIV. 117.
Upas, fabled poison tree, xxm. 859,
Upernivik, district, Greenland, XI.
171.
Upholstery, ix. 847.
Upland, Jak, Lollard verses of, xiv.
811.
Upolu, island. South Pacific, xviL
279.
Upper Sind Frontier, district, India,
XXIII. 859.
Uprauda, original name of emperor
Justinian I.,. XIII. 792.
Upsala, town, Sweden, xxm. 860;
XXII. 744; assembly of (1593), xxii.
748; barrow at Kings' Hows, III. 398;
library, xiv. 532; observatory, xvii.
714; university, XXm. 842, 850;
county, XXII. 741.
UPSAROK.AS, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 832.
Upupa, genus of birds, Xll. 154.
Ur, ancient town, Chaldea, m. 185.
Ural, river, Russia, xxi. 74.
Ural-Altaic Langu.^ges, xxiv. ^1;
xvm. 779; dictionaries of, vii. 192.
Ural Mountains, Russia, x.xiv. 3;
xvm. 549; gold-mines of, x. 743.
Uralsk, province, Russia, xxiv. 6;
town, XXIV. 7.
UR.AN, to«-n, India, xxm.' 2:1.
UR-ANIA, epithet of Aphrodit;, IL 171.
, Muse of astronomy, XVII. 74.
UR-ANIENBORG, Denmark, Observatory
of, XXII. 737.
Uraninite, mineral, -XVl. 386.
Uranistes, in French literature, IX.
657.
UraniTE, mineral, XVI. 407.
Ur.\nium, metal, xxiv. 7; chemistry
of, V. 542.
Uranocircite, mineral, xvi. 407.
Uranometria, classificat-on of magni-
tudes of stars, xvm. 840.
Uranophane, mineral, xvi. 425.
Uranospinite, mineral, xvi. 407.
452
U T A — U T A
Uranotantalite, mineral, xvi. 427.
Uranotile, mineral, XVI. 425.
Uranus, in Greek mythology, XXIV.
7; XVII. 155; XXI. 320.
, planet, II. 782, 812; discovery of,
by Sir W. Herschel, II. 758; XI. 767,-
as affected by tidal friction, XXIU.
380.
Urao, mineral, xvi. 399.
Urasinus, or TJrsinus, antipope, vi.
793-
Uratic Diathesis, in patholog}', xviii.
388.
Ura-Tube, town, Syr-Daria, Asia,
XXII. 321.
Urban I., St, pope, xxiv. 8.
II., pope, XXIV. S; IX. 537; XIX.
499; his dispute with AVilliam II. of
England, II. 91 ; his speech on the
crusades, VI. 623.
III., pope, XXIV. 8.
IV., pope, XXIV. 8; XIII. 475; XX.
797-
v., pope, XXIV. 8; XX. 802.
VI., pope, XXIV. 8; l.\. 548; Xix.
502; XX. 803.
VII., pope, XXIV. 9.
Vlll., pope, XXIV. 9; IX. 568,
572; XIII. 483; XIX. 506, S09.
Urbana, tovm, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiv. 9.
Ure.\n Collehe, or Propaganda, Rome,
XIX. S09.
Urbibentum (Orvieto), ancient town,
Italy, xviii. 53.
Urbino, town, Italy, XXIV. 9; XX. 274;
majolica ware of, XIX. 627.
, Duke of, patron of Tas.so, XXIII.
76.
UrbsVetus (Orvieto), ancient town,
Italy, XVIII. 53.
Urchard, or Urquhart, S'j Thoma.«,
Scottish writer, XXI v. 12.
Urchin, or Hedgehog, xi. 610.
Urdu Language, India, xi. 8}o,
847.
Urea, component of urine, XXIV. 10;
V. 578; XVII. 516, 6S3.
UredinE/E, suborder*of Fungi, IX. 831;
parasitic forms, XVIII. 267.
U REIDS, nitrogenous carbon compounds,
XVII. 519.
Urenga Mountains, Russia, xxiv.
4-
Ures, toivn, Mexico, xvi. 2 14.
Urfa (Edessa), town, Turkey in Asia,
vil. 652.
Urf£, Honor^ d', French pastoral poet,
XVIII. 346; XX. 659.
Urga, town, Mongolia, XXIV. u.
Urganj, tovm. Central Asia, XIV. 62;
XVI. 747; XVIII. 105.
Urgel, Bishops of, rulers of Andorre,
II. 18.
Urgentch, or Urgenj, ancient kingdom.
Turkestan, XIV. 62; town, XI v. 62;
XVI. 747; XVIII. 105.
— , New, town, Khiva, XIV. 64.
Urginea, genus of plants, xxil. 437.
Uri, canton, Switzerland, XXIV. 11;
XXII. 781, 7S5; XXIII. 155.
, Bay of, Lake of Lucerne, Switzer-
land, XV. 41.
Uria, genus of birds, XS. 262.
Uriage, spa, France, XVI. 435.
Uric Acid, xxiv. 11; its presence in
gout, XVIII. 388.
Uriconium (Wroxeter), Roman town,
England, XXI. 848.
Urinary Dise.\ses, xxiv. 189.
Urinary Organs, of Amphibia, i. 766;
of birds. III. 727; of fishes, XII. 659; of
mammals, xv. 366; of reptiles, xx. 462.
Urine, xvii. 6S3; ammonia from, xvii.
516; chemical properties of, x-xiv. 10,
II.
Urmans, Siberian marsh forests, xxill.
429.
Ur'mia, or Urumiah, town, Persia, xxiv.
12; XVII. 357; XVIII. 626, 628.
, Lake, Persia, XXIV. 12; in. 168;
XVIII. 626.
Urn, Cinerary, xix. 602, 623.
Urnatella, genus of Polyzoa, XIX. 438.
Urnburial, Sir Thomas Browne's book,
IV. 389.
URNEr.spiELjplaybasedonstory of Tell,
xxiii. 155.
Uroc::orda, division of Vertebrata,
XXIV. 181, 186.
Urodela, group of Amphibia, I. 751.
Uromastvx, genus of lizards, XIV. 737.
Uromys, genus of rodent mammals,
XVII. 6.
Uropeltid.€, family of snakes, xxil.
192.
Urosh, king of Servia, XXI. 688.
Urquhart, Sir Thomas, Scottish \vriter,
XXIV. 12.
UrQUIZ.^, Justo Jose de, general of
Argentine Republic, 11. 491.
Urraca, queen of Castile, XIX. 540;
XXII. 316.
Ursid.e, family of carnivorous mam-
mals, XV. 441.
Ursinus, antipope, VI. 793.
, Benjamin, German logaiithmist,
XIV. 774.
, Zacharias, German theologian,
XXIV. 13.
Urso (Osuna), ancient town, Spain,
XVIII. 63.
Urson, rodent mammal, XV. 420.
Ursula, St, virgin and mart\T, xxiv.
13-
'Irsulines, religious order, xxiv. 14;
XVI. 712.
Urtica, genus of plants, xvii. 360.
Urticaria, skin disease, xvii. 360;
XXII. 122.
Uruguay, republic. South America,
XXIV. 14; forests, IX. 406; news-
papers, XVII. 437.
, affluent of River Plate, South
America, XIX. 188; XXIV. 14.
Urumiah, or Urumiyah, town, Persia,
XXIV. 12; XVII. 537; XVIII. 626, 628.
-^— , Lake, Persia, xxiv. 12; III. 16S;
XVIII. 626.
Urup, one of the Kurile Islands, Asia,
XIV. 160.
Urus, primitive species of cattle, v. 245.
, Peruvian tribe, XVIII. 676.
Urushi, Japanese tree, XIII. 590.
Urusite, mineral, XVI. 402.
Urzhum, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
USBEGS, or Uzbegs (j.f.), Turkish
people, XXIII. 661.
USBOi, valley, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxiii. 512.
Uschba, mountain, Caucasus, V. 253.
USCOCCHI, Mediterranean pirates, XIII.
484.
Use, in English law, xxill. 596.
UsEDOM, island, Baltic Sea, xix. 442.
USEMB.i, tenitory. Central Africa, V.
281.
Ushant, island, France, XXIV. 16.
USHE"?, or Ussher, James, archbishop of
Armagh, XXIV. 16; his scheme of
Presbyterian government, XIX. 689.
Ushi\v.\ya, mission station, Tierra del
Fuego, XXIII. 3S4.
USK, river, England and Wales, rv. 243;
XVI. 753.
Uskudar (Scutari), town, Turkey in
Asia, XXI. 573.
USKUP, orUskiub, ton-n, Turkey, xxiv.
17; XV. 137.
Usmaiten, lake, Russia, VI. 515.
Usman, town, Russia, xxiii. 41.
UsoLiE Saltworks, Russia, xviii. 550;
XXII. II.
USSES, river, France, xx. 52S.
Ustariz, Geronimo, Spanish economist,
xi.x. 363.
UsTERi, Johann Martin, S^vlss poet,
XXII. 798.
USTIL.\GINE.«, suborder of Fungi, IX.
831; parasitic forms, XVIII. 267.
UsTRiALOFF, Russian historian, xxi.
108.
Ust-Samara, Cossack fortress, Russia,
XVII. 609.
Ust-Sysolsk, town, Russia, XXIV. 283.
Ust-Urt, desert, Transcaspian Reeion,
Russia, V. 177; XXIII. 512, 631.
Ustyug Velikiy, town, Russia, xxiv.
283.
Ustyuzhna, town, Russia, xvil. 607.
UsuCAPio, in Roman law, xix. 704;
XX. 690, 692.
Usufruct, in Roman law, xx. 690.
UsuGURU, lake island, Africa, xvil.
505.
USUMACINTA, river, Guatemala, xi.
239.
UsURi, river, Manchuria and Eastern
Siberia, xv. 466, 548.
Usury, xxiv. 17.
USUS, in Roman law, XXIII. 595.
Utah, Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 19;
mines of, xxill. 815; Mormon settle-
ment of, XVI. 827.
UtakamaND, town, India, XVII. 509.
Ute, genus of Eponges, XXII. 414.
Uten, Egyptian measure, xxiv. 485,
486.
Uterine Appendages, Removal of,
in surgery, xxil. 691.
Utes, American-Indian tribe, XII. 832.
Uthong, Siamese ruler, XXI. 854.
Utica, ancient to-wn, Africa, XXIV. 21;
XIV. 551.
, town. New York, U.S.A., xxiv. 21.
Utilitarianism, ethical theory, viii.
606; as the foundation of law, xiv.
355; Bentham!^, in. 576; Cumber-
land's, VI. 702; John Stuart Mill's,
XVI. 313.
Utility, in economics, xxiv. 46; wealth
defined as based on, xxiv. 461.
, not an essential in the fine arts,
IX. 197, 211.
Ut Mine Stromtid, Eeuter's novel,
XX. 495.
Utopia, Sir Thomas Here's work, vi.
212; XVI. 819.
Utrecht, province, Holland, xxiv. 21.
, town, Holland, x.\iv. 21; congress
of (1712), VI. 270; peace of (1713),
III. 126, 269; vin. 353; IX. 583; XII.
81; XXII. 336; union of (1579), XII.
77; XXIV. 583; libraries, XI v. 532;
observatory, XVII. 715; university,
XXIII. 850.
Utrera, town, Spain, xxiv. 22; xxi.
708.
Utricularia, genus of insectivorous
plants, XIII. 138.
U-tsang, region. Tibet, XXIII. 340.
Uttaramimans.a, system of Hindu
philosophy, XXIV. 117.
UTVyER, island, Norway, XVII. 576.
Uvea, island. South Pacific, xv. 30.
UvUL.\, Anatomy of the, I. 837.
UXBRIDGE, town, England, XXIV. 22.
-, Earl of, at Waterloo, II. 31.
UXMAL, ancient town. Central America,
XXIV. 758; ruins at, I. 693; xvi. 214.
UvDK (Euyuk), village and ruins, Tur-
iey in Asia, vill. 724.
Uz, of Scripture, xxiv. 22.
UZBEGS, or Uzbeks, Ural-Altaic people,
XXIII. 661; IV. I; IX. 85; XII. 3; XIV.
64; XVI. 7.J9; XVIII. loi; XXIII. 636;
origin of the name, xil. 607.
Uzbek Khan, Mongol ruler, xvi. 747;
XII. 607.
UZEN, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
UzuN Hasan, shah of Persia, xviii.
632.
"YT^ the twenty-second letter of the
' alphabet, xxiv. 23.
Vaago, islands, Norway, Xiv. 769.
Vaal, river. South Africa, XXIII. 517.
Vaccinal Ulcer, xxiv. 26.
U T A — V A L
Vaccination, xxiv. 23; xxii. 1641
discovery of. 1UII. 623; laws relating
to, XV. 797
Vaccinium, genus of plants, xxiv.
556.
Vacoa, or Vacois, tree of Mauritius,
XV. 641.
Vacuum, Production of, XIX. 246; i.
429; electrical test of, XIX. 247; Torri-
cellian, III. 38 1.
Vacz, town, Himgary, xxiv. 30.
Vader Islands, Sweden, xxii. 737.
Vaduz, lordship and to^vn, Germany,
XIV. 568.
Vaga, Perino del (Perino Euonaccorsi),
Italian painter, XXIV. 30.
Vagabonds, Laws relating to, 1. 298;
XIX. 463, 468.
Vagarshapad, to\vn, Transcaucasia,
Russia, XXIII. 515.
Vagrancy, in English law, xix. 463,
468; 1. 298.
Vagus, in nervous system, xix. 29.
Vaigatch Island, Arctic Ocean, xvil.
604.
Vaillant, Frangois Le, on birds, xvill.
8, II.
Vair, in heraldry, XI. 691.
, Guillaume du, French jurist and
^\Titer, XXIV. 31.
Vaise, suburb of Lyons, France, xv.
no.
Vaishnavas, or Lhagats, their teaching,
and influence on Hindi literature, XI.
844.
Vaison, to^vTi, France, xxiv. 1 14.
Vaisyars, or Vaisyas, Hindu caste,
IV. 203, 204; V. i88; XII. 746.
Vakhsh, river, Central Asia, XII. 3.
Valabhis, Indian dynasty, XII. 790.
Valachians, Walachians, or Vlachs,
people, South-Eastern Europe, xxi.
16; xxiv. 268.
Valais, canton, Switzerland XXIV. 31;
xxii. 785.
Vaxamo, monastery, Finland, xxiv.
209.
Valbenoite, Abbey of, at St ^tienne,
France, XXI. 168.
Valckenaer, L. G., Dutch scholar,
XXI. 57.
Valdai, town, Russia, xvil. 607.
Valdemar II.. king of Denmark, vil.
84.
III., of Denmark, vii. 85; XI. 450.
Vaidenses, or Waldenses (q.v.), re-
ligious sect, XXIV. 322.
Valdepenas, town, Spain, XXIV. 32;
wine of, xxiv. 607.
Valderredible, to^vn, Spain, xxi.
297.
Val DE Ruz, valley, Switzerland, xvil.
361.
ValdEo, inquisitor-general, his rules for
torture, xxiil. 463.
— — , Juan de, Spanish religious
writer, xxiv. 32; xxii. 360, 361.
453
ValDESSO (Juan de Valdes), Spanish
religious writer, xxiv. 32; XXII. 360.
AL DE TRAVERS, valley, Switzerland,
XVII. 361; asphalt of, for paving, 11.
716; XX. 586.
Valdez, or Waldo, Peter, founder of the
Waldenses, XXIV. 323.
Valdivia, province. Chili, v. 617.
Valee, Silvain Charles, Comte de,
French general, I. 568.
Valence, town, France, XXIV. 33; uni-
versity, XXIII. 842.
Valencia, province, Spain, xxiv. 33;
XXII. 298.
-^ — , town, Spain, xxiv. 32; libraries
of, XIV. 549.
, town, Venezuela, XXIV. 34.
Valenciennes, town, France, xxiv.
35-
, A., French ichthyologist, Xll. 633.
Valencinia, genus of worms xvii.
326.
Valency, or Combining Power, of
chemical elements, v. 473.
Valens, emperor of the East, XXIV. 35;
XX. 779.
Valentia, Roman province, Britain,
xviii. 411.
(Valencia), ancient town, Spain,
xxiv. 34.
CoLONiA Julia (Valence 1. ancient
town, France, xxiv. 33.
Valentine, St, xxiv. 36.
, George Sand's, VII. 509.
AND Orson, romance, xx. 653,
659-.
ValenTINEITE, mineral, XVI. 388.
Valentini, Michael B., on birds, XVIII.
7-
Valentinian I., emperor of the West,
XXIV. 36; XX. 779.
II., emperor of the West, xxiv. 36;
XX. 779; his contentions with Am-
brose, I. 663.
III., emperor ol the West, xxiv.
37; XX. 780; edict or decree of, Xiv.
448; XIX. 492.
Law of Citations, in Roman
law, XX. 711.
Valentinians, ancient theologicil
school, xxiv. 38; XIX. 415.
VaLENTINUS, St, XXIV. 36.
, pope, XXIV. 40.
, early Christian theologian, XXIV.
37; X. 703; his inluence on Neo-
platonism, xvii. 335.
Valera, Juan, Spanish novelist, xxu.
362.
Valeria, Roman province, Panno^a,
XVIII. 213.
Valerian, plant, xxiv. 40.
Law, Roman, xx. 736.
Valerianus, Publius Licinius (Va-
lerian), Roman emperjr, xxiv. 41; in
Mesopotamia, xviil. 608.
Valerie, Madame Eriidener'a work,
XIV. 149.
454
V A L— V A N
Valerio-HoRATIAn Law, Roman, XX.
737-
Valerius, Lockhart's novel, xiv. 763.
, Publius, Konun consul, xxiv. 41.
Anti.^ Roman historian, XIV.
729.
DiOCLETIANUS, or Diocletian (j.r.),
Roman emperor, vii. 244.
Flaccus, Cains, Roman poet, IX.
274; X.\. 726.
Maximus, Latin writer, xxiv. 41.
Val-es-Dunes, Battle of (1047), xvii.
543-
Valetta, town, Malta, xxiv. 42; XV.
340; siege of (1565), XXI. 174.
Valette, John La, grand-master of
Knights Ha=pitallei-s, XXI. 174.
Vali, Turkish governor, XXIII. 654.
Valki, to\ra, Russia, XIV. 57.
Valla, George, his De Expetendis et
Fugiendis Rebus, VIII. 193.
— — , Lorenzo or Laurentius, Italian
scholar, XXIV. 42; xx. 323.
Valladolid, province, Spain, XXIV. 42.
, town, Spain, XXIV. 43; university,
XXIII. 839, 851.
(Morelia), to^Ti, Jlichoacan ile
Ocampo, Mexico, XVI. S20.
— -, tonx. Yucatan, Jlexico, XXIV. 43,
758.
Vallandigham, Clement L., political
agitator, U.S.A., xiv. 661.
Valle, Pieiro della, Italian traveller,
XXIV. 43.
Crucis, abbey, Wales, Xiv. 741.
DE Pielacos, to-ira, Spain, xxi.
297.
Vallejo, town, California, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 44.
Valletta, town, Malta, xxiv. 42; xv.
340; siege of (1565), XXI. 174.
Val Leventin.a, district, Switzerland,
x.\ii. 7S5; xxiii. 351.
Valley Field, town, Canada, xx. 167.
Valley Forge, U.S.A., Washington's
strategic position at, XXIV. 389.
\'alley of Death, Asia Minor, xxiv.
399-
V.\llombrosa, Order of, monastic
society, xvi. 708.
\'alls, town, Sjiain, xxiv. 44.
Valmiki, Brahman poet, xxi. 280.
Valmv, Duke of (Kellermann), French
marshal, XIV. 29.
Valois, House of, French dynasty, IX.
545; its connexion with Capet family,
V. 55.
, Adrian de, French historiographer,
I. 784.
, FeUx de, abbot of Trinifarians,
XXIII. 574
Valona (Avlona), to-n-n, Albania, III.
'57-
Valonl\, tanning material, XI. 88; xiv.
382; XVII. 694.
Valp.^RjMSO, town, Chili, xxiv. 44;
province, v. 617.
Valpv, a. J., his eJitions of the classics,
IIL 657.
Valrhein, mountain, Switzerland, I.
621; XXIII. 351.
Vals, spa, France, xxiv. 45; xvi. 435.
V.ALSALVA, Antonio Maria, Italian ana-
tomist, I. 813; XV. 815.
Valserine, river, France, xx. 528.
Vals-LES-R\i.\s, spa, France, XXIV.
45; XVI. 435.
Valtellina, district. North Italy,
XXIV. 45; xxn. 791, 794.
Value, in economics, xxiv. 45; in rela-
tion to wealth, xxiv. 461; socialistic
viewsof, XXII.211; Marxon,XXll. 211.
See also article Political Economy.
Valuiki, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
VaLVAT.'V, genus of snaUs, XXII. 18S.
Valves, Valve- Motions, in steam-
engine, XXII. 501.
, of the heart, I. 900; XXIV. 98; of
the veins, I. 905; XXIV. 103.
Valvular Disease, of the heart, xi.
553-
Va.mqavali, Kepalese chronicle, xvil.
344-
Vampire, bat, xxiv. 52; in. 432; vii.62;
XV. 415; sense of touch in, xxill. 479.
Vampyrell.\, genus of Protozoa, XIX.
839-
Van, town, Asiatic Tnrkey, xxiv. 53;
piw-ince, XXIII. 653.
, Lake, Asiatic Turkey, XXIV. 53;
XIV. 222; XXIII. 654.
Vanadine Bronzite, mineral, xvi.
416.
Vanadi.vite, mineral, XVL 407.
Vanadium, chemical element, xxiv.
54; ■^'- 539; i° iron, xiii. 284.
Van Alphen, Hieronymus, Dutch
^Titer, XII. 97.
Vanbrugh, Sir John, English dramatist
and architect, xxiv. 54; 11. 443; vii.
436.
Van Buren, Martin, president of the
United States, xxiv. 56; xiil. 766.
V.-^NCOUVER, George, English navigator,
XXIV. 56; X. 190.
Island, British Columbia, XXIV.
57; its mineral wealth, vi. 169.
Van Cuelen, Ludolph, mathematician,
XXII. 434.
Vandals, Teutonic people, xxiv. 58;
XX. 7S0; in Spain, XXII. 308.
Vand.\lus (Vistula), river, Russian
Poland, XIX. 307.
V.AN DEN Bosch, Johannes, governor
of Dutch East Indies, xil. 820; Xlll.
604.
Van den Ende, Fran7, Dutch physi-
cian and teacher, XXII. 400.
Vanderbilt University, at Nash-
ville, Tennessee, U.S.A., XVll. 236.
Van der Goes, Hugo, Flemish painter,
X. 721.
Van der Goes, Jan, Dutch poet, 11.
13S; XII. 95.
Van der Helst, Bartholomoeus, Dutch
painter, XI. 641.
Van der Heyden, Jan, Dutch paintci,
XL 7S4.
Van der Meer, Jan, Dutch painter
XV. 824.
Van der Palm, Johannes Henricus,
Dutch historian, xil. 97.
Van der Weyden, Roger (c. 1400-64),
Flemish painter, X.XI. 439, 443; his
connexion with Memling, XV. 846.
Van der Weyden, Roger (1450-1529),
Flemish jainter, XXI. 439, 443.
Vandevelde, Adrian, Dutch painter,
XXIV. 59.
, William, Dutch painter, xxiv. 59.
Van-Diemen's-Land, or Tasmania
(j.r.), island, Australasia, XXIII. 72.
Van Dvck, Sir Anthony, Flemish
painter, xxiv. 59.
Vandyke Brown, pigment, xix. 88.
Vane, in architecture, II. 475.
, Sir Hem-y, English Pai-liamen-
tarian, xxiv. 65.
Vanellus, genus of birds, XIV. 308.
V.\NESS.\ (Esther Vanhomrigh), friend
of Dean Swift, xxil. 765; in. 590.
Van Eyck, Hubert, Flemish paiiitej-,
VIII. 8 14.
Van Eyck, Jan, Flemish painter, viii.
815; XXI. 43S.
Van Goyen, Jan Josephszoon, Dutch
painter, XI. 23.
Van Karen, Onno Zwier, Dutch poet,
XII. 96.
Van Karen, Willem, Dutch poet, xii.
96.
Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste, Belgian
mystic and alchemist, XI. 638; I. 467;
V. 460; XV. 810.
Vanhomrigh, Esther, Dean Swift's
Vanessa, XXII. 765 ; her bequest to
Berkeley, III. 590.
Vanikoro, island, Santa Cruz, Pacific,
XVII. 395.
Vanilla, spice, xxiv. 66.
Vanillin, principle in vanilla, v. 573;
XXIV. 66; as perfume, xviii. 526.
Vanini, Lucilio, Italian pantheist, xxiv.
67.
Vanity Fair, Thackeray's novel, xxiii.
215.
Vanity of Human Wishes, by John-
eon, XIII. 723.
Vanloo, Charles Andrew, Italian
painter, XXIV. 68.
, John Baptist, French painter,
XXIV. 68.
Van Mine, Montgomerysliire, Wales,
XVI. 453.
Vanneo, Stefano, Italian musician,
XVII. 84.
Vannes, town, France, xxiv. 68.
V.\N N0ORT, Adam, Flemish painter,
XXI. 41.
V.VNNUCCHI (Andrea del Sarto), Italian
painter, XXI. 315.
V A N — V A V
455
VaNNUCCI, Pietro (Penigino), Italian
painter, XVIII. 680.
Van Nuvssen, Abraham Janssens,
Flemish painter, XIII. 568.
Vanozza, Rosa, mistress of Rodrigo
Borgia (Pope Alexander VI.), I. 487.
Van Tilborgh, Egidiue, Flemish
painter, XXIII. 175.
Van Twiller, Wouter, director, New
Netherland, America, XVII. 454,
Vanua Levu, one of the Fiji Islands,
IX. 156.
Van Veen, Heemskerk, Dutch painter,
XI. 611.
Van Veen, Otto, Flemish painter, xxi.
41.
Vapincum (Gap), ancient town, France,
X. 72.
Vapour, laws of its formation, viii.
727; limits of elasticity of, vii. 801;
amount of aqueous, in atmosphere, in.
32; XVI. 138; instrument for measur-
ing, XII. 569; Deville's dissociation
eiperimenta with, XXI. 166; as steam,
XXII. 483; determination of vapour-
density, V. 547; volcanic vapours, X.
241.
Baths, hi. 440.
Vapours, The, disease, XII. 598.
Var, department-, France, xxiv. 68.
Varangians, Scandinavian guards, at
Constantinople, xi. 116.
Varasd, town, Austria, XXIV. 69;
frontier generalate, XVI. 295.
Vardanes, Parthian king, xviii. 601.
Vardar, Iron Ghte of the, pass, Mace-
donia, XV. 137.
Vardhamana, leader of the JaiBS,
India, xill. 543.
Varen, Bernhard (Varenius), German
geographer, XXIV. 69.
Varia, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
Variable, Complex, in mathematics,
XXIV. 69.
Variation, Magnetic, xv. 220.
AND Selection, in biology, xxiv.
76, 818; I. 87; VIII. 750.
Variations, Calculus of, xxiv. 85;
Lagrange's contributions to, XIV. 207.
Varicose Veins, xxii. 684.
Variety, Hamilton's Law of, in psy-
cholog}-, XX. 49.
Varina (Miss Waring), object of Dean
Swift's attentions, XXII. 765.
Varinus of Camers, Italian scholar,
XI. 238,
Variola, disease, xxil. 162.
Variscite, mineral, xvi. 405.
Varius Avitus (Heliogabalus), Roman
emperor, XI. 632.
Varlev, Cornelius, English painter,
XXIV. 90.
, John, EngUsh painter, xxiv. 90.
Varlev's Telegraphic Insulator,
xxiii. 114.
Varna, tovra, Bulgaria, xxiv. 90; battle
of (1444), xi.x. 289; xxiii. 642.
Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August,
German biographer, XXIV. 91.
Varnish, xxiv. 91; copal, vi. 342;
Japanese, XIII. 590, 592; painter's,
XVIII. 138; for violins, XXIV. 246.
Varo, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
Varoli, Constantio, Italian anatomist,
I. 80^.
Varro, Marcus Terentius, Roman man
of letters, XXIV. "92 ; XX. 719; his
chrcmology of Rome, v. 710; his
economic teaching, xix. 350 ; his
language and style, XIV. 334.
, Publius Terentius, Roman poet,
XXIV. 94.
Varronianus, Donaldson's work, vii.
357-
Varthema, Ludovico di, Italian
traveller, X. 179.
Vartrv, river, Ireland, xxiv. 557.
Varuna, Vedic god, IV. 208; xvi. 530.
Varus, P. Quintilius, Roman general,
X. 475.
Varvicite, mineral, xvi. 387.
Vasa, Gustavus, king of Sweden, xi.
333; XXII. 747.
, Duke Charles, regent of Sweden,
XXII. 748.
Vasarhely, Hodmezd, town, Hungaiy,
XII. 41.
, Maros, town, Transylvania, xv.
562.
Vasari, Giorgio, Italian painter and
writer on art, XXIV. 94.
Vasco, Giambattista, Italian economist,
XIX. 362.
DA Gama, Portuguese navigator,
X. 57, i8r; XII. 796; XIX. 545; doub-
ling of Cape of Good Hope by, v. 44.
Vascular System, or Organs of Circu-
lation, XXIV. 95; I. 899; XIX. 16; in
Amphibia, I. 763; in birds, tl. 726;
in Crustacea, vi. 640; in fisiies, xil.
658; in mammals, xv. 364; in reptiles,
XX. 459.
Vases, Ancient, XIX. 605, 608, 614;
gold and s'lver, xix. 178; painted,
early Greek, 11. 353, 359, 364; Corin-
thian, n. 348; Etruscan, viii. 641,
644; Greek, designs on, VII. 448.
Vashishtha, Brahmanio sage, xil. 782.
Vasilii I vanovich, sovereign of Russia,
XXI. 91.
Vasilika, village, Greece, xxil. 32.
Vasiliki, village, Santa Maura, Ionian
Islands, XXI. 297.
Vasilkoff. town, Russia, XXIV. no.
Vassal, in feudal system, xiv. 114;
tenure of land by, in England, xiv.
264.
Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie,
New York, U.S.A., xix. 644.
Vasseur, Th^rfese le, mistress of Rous-
seau, XXI. 24.
Vasto, town, Italy, xxiv. 1 10.
Vas-Varmegve (Eisenburg), county,
Hungary, vii 790.
Vatatzes, John III., emperor of Nicsea,
xin. 713.
VATi, island, New Hebrides, XVii. 395.
Vathy, town, Ithaca, Greece, XIII. 517.
, town, Samos, 4Jgean Sea, XXI.
250
Vatican Council, xxiv. i 10.
Vatican Library, at Rome, xiv. 528,
548; Oriental MSS. of, IL 728.
Vatican Palace, Rome, xx. 835;
Raphael's paintings in, XX. 277.
Vaticanus, Codex, MS. of New Testa-
ment, IIL 646; XVIIL 147.
Vatke, on the Pentateuch, xviii. 508.
Vatopede, convent on Mount Atho8,
Turkey, i. 11.
Vattel, Emer de, Swiss jurist, XXIV.
113; on the balance of power, III.
267.
Vatteluttu, Tamil alphabet, XXlll.
42.
Vauban, Sebastien Le Prestre de, French
marshal, XXIV. 113; as military
engineer, IX. 578; on fortification,
IX. 441, 444; as political economist,
XIX. 359.
Vaubernier, Marie Jeanne de
(Madame Du Barry), mistress of
Louis XV., VII. 494.
Vaubois, Comte de, French general, his
defence of Malta (1798), xv. 343.
Vauchamps, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
Vaucluse, department, France, xxiv.
114.
, Petrarch's retreat, xxiv. 114;
XVIII. 707, 708.
Vaud, canton, S^vit::erland, xxiv. I14;
XXII. 793.
, Pays de, district of mediaeval
Switzerland, XXIV. 115.
Vaudeville, variety of French drama,
VII. 427; xviii. 215.
Vaudois, or Waldenses (q.v.), religious
sect, xxiv. 323.
Vaughan, Henry, Welsh poet, xxiv.
115.
, Thomas, Welsh \vriter and
alchemist, xxiv. 1 16.
, Sir William, his Golden Fleece,
I. 720.
Vault, in architecture, 11. 426, 430.
Vaulting, in gymnastics, xi. 35.
, Groined, in architecture, 11. 465.
Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas, French
chemist, xxiv. 116; on the com-
position of alum, I. 644; his patronage
of Th^nard, xxni. 251.
Vauquelinite, mineral, xvi. 403.
Vauvenargues, < Luc de Clapiers,
Marquis de, French moralist, xxiv.
116; IX. 670.
Vaux, Clotilde de, her relations with
Comte, VI. 233.
Vavau, island. South Pacific, IX. 779.
Vavavato, district. Madagascar, xv.
168..
456
V A Z — V E N
Vazimba, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 173.
Vazoff, Bulgarian poet, xxil. 150.
Veal, Mrs, Defoe's novel, vii. 28, 468.
Vecelli, Francesco, Italian painter,
XXIII. 416.
, Gregorio, Italian councillor and
soldier, XXIII. 414.
, Orazio, Italian painter, xxiii. 416.
— — , or VeceUio, Tiziano (Titian, q.v.),
Italian painter, xxill. 413.
Vecht, river, Holland, XX. 519.
Vectis, Roman name for Isle of Wight,
XXIV. 562.
Vedangas, branches of Vedic (Hindu)
science, xxi. 274.
Vedanta, Hindu philosophical writings,
XXIV. 117; XXI. 290.
Vedas, Hindu sacred writings, II. 698;
IV. 201; XII. 779; XXI. 273; on
caste, V. 188; Gnostic portion of, xxiv.
117; mythic stories of, XVII. 152.
Veddahs, people of Ceylon, xxiv. 120.
Vedel, old Danish ■Nvriter, vil. 90.
Vediantii, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
640.
Veen, Heemslcerk van, Dutch painter,
XI. 611.
, Otto van, Flemish painter, xxi. 41.
Vega, GarcUaso de la, Spanish soldier
and poet, X. 74; XVIII. 346; XXII.
357-
, Garcilaso Inca de la, Spanish
historian, X. 74.
, Georg von, Austrian logarithmist,
XIV. 775; XXIII. 9.
Carpio, Lope Felix de, Spanish
dramatist and poet, XXIV. 121; vil.
420; xxil. 357, 35S.
Vegas, irrigated plains, Spain, xxi I.
299.
Vegetable Baths, hi. 439.
Vegetable Creek Mine, New South
Wales, XVI. 471
Vegetable Histology, xii. 10.
Vegetable Ivory, xiii. 524; xvii.
664.
Vegetable Kingdom, xxiv. 124; in.
690; IV. 79; Linnteus's classification of,
XIV. 672; longevity in, XIV. 857. See
also Botany and Plant.
Vegetable Marrow, gourd, xi. 4;
XII. 283.
Vegetable Parasitism, xviii. 264.
Vegetable Physiology, xix. 43.
Vegetables, Garden, xil. 278; culti-
vation of, I. 384; poisonous, XV. 782.
Vegetation, Chemistry of, xiv. 567.
Zones, in the Alps, i. 631.
Vegetius, Flavius Eenatus, Roman
military writer, XXIV. 132.
, Publius, Roman veterinary sur-
geon, XXIV. 197
Veglia, island, Adriatic, xxiv. 132.
Vehmgerichte (Fehmic Courts), Ger-
many, IX. 63; X. 495.
Veii, Etruscan town, Italy, viii. 634;
capture of, by Romans, xx. 739.
Veile, town, Denmark, vii. 83.
Veins, in anatomy, i. 905; xxiv. 103,
107; diseases of, XXII. 684.
, in leaves, IV. 109.
, Mineral, X. 317; xvi. 441.
Veitch, James, Scottish mathematician
and philosopher, rv. 276.
Vejovis, name of Jupfler, xiil. 780.
Vela, Blasco Nunez de, Peruvian
viceroy, xviil. 677.
Velabrum, part of ancient Rome, xx.
824.
Velasquez, Diego, Spanish governor
of Cuba, VI. 441.
Velazquez, Diego de Silva, Spanish
painter, XXIV. 132; as colourist, xvill.
139-
Veldeke, Heinrich von, German writerj
X. 518, 523.
Veled, Sultan, Ottoman poet, xxiIl.
656.
Velei.%, ancient town, Italy, xxiv. 136.
Veleika, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
Velesa (KopriU), town, Turkey in
Europe, xiv. 140.
Veleslavin, Bohemian printer and
writer, xxil. 152.
Velez de Guevara, Luiz, Spanish
novelist, XI. 24S; xxu. 358.
Velez-Malaga,' to\\Ti, Soain, xxiv.
136-
Velikaya, river, Russia, xx. 35; XXI.
73-
Velikiva Luki, town, Russia, XX. 36.
Velino, FaUs of, Perugia, Italy, xxill.
190.
, Monte, mountain, Italy, xiil. 438.
Velizh, town, Russia, xxiv. 137.
Velleius _ Paterculus, Marcus,
Roman historian, xviii. 358.
Velletri, town, Italy, XXIV. 137.
Vellikonda, district, Karnul, India,
XIV. 6.
Vellore, town, India, xxiv. 137.
Vellum, xiv. 390; xviii. 271; ancient
use of, XVIII. 144, 147, 162.
Velocipede, xxiii. 559.
Velocity, in mechanics, xv. 681, 769;
viii. 207; of light, XIV. 5S4; XXIV.
458; of sound, I. 104; XXIV. 418; of
the wind, XVI. 156.
Velsk, town, Russia, xxiv. 2S3.
Velten, St, bishop and martyr, xxiv.
36-
Velthen, Magister Johann, German
dramatist, vii. 441.
Velvet, silken textile, xxiv. 137, 467;
ancient, XXIIL 209; dyeing of, vil.
579-
Velvet-Duck, bird, xxi. 470.
Venantius Honorius Clementi-
anus Fortunatus, Latin poet, ix.
469.
Ven.\tion, of leaves, iv. 109.
Vend.\ce, fish, XXIV. 137; XXI. 223.
Vendue, department, Franct, XXIV.
137; insurrection in, IX. 605.
Vendue Diamond, kind of quartz.
XXIV. 138.
Vendetta, Practice of, in Sardinia,
XXI. 309.
Vendidad, part of Zend-Avesta, XXIV.
775. 823.
Vend6me, town, France, xxiv. 138;
xiv. 809.
Vendor, in law, xxi. 206.
Veneer, Marble, in wall decorations.
XVII. 35.
Veneering, in cabinet work, xxiv.
1 38; IX. 849.
Vener, Lake, Sweden, xxil. 736.
Veneration, in phrenology, xviii.
845.
Venereal Diseases, xviii. 404; xxn.
686; in the horse, xxiv. 202.
VENETl,ancient Italian people, xiii. 447.
Venetia, province, Italy, xxiv. 141.
Venetian Alps, i. 630.
Venezuela, republic, South America,
XXIV. 139; I. 712; revolt of, from
Spain, I. 7 10; liberation of, by Bolivar,
IV. 7; forests, IX. 406; newspapers,
XVII. 437.
Vengeance, Private, in Roman law
XX. 675; in Sardinia, xxi. 309.
Venice, town and former republic,
Italy, xxiv. 141; xill. 479; occupa-
tion of Greece by, XI. 121; war of
Louis XII. of France with. IX. 555;
occupation of, by Napoleon (1797),
■XVII. 198; conflict with Ottoman em-
pire, XXIII. 642; contest with Pope
Paul v., XVIII. 431; relations to the
popedom, XIX. 505; its support of
Father Sarpi, xxi. 311; bank of. III.
316; bridge of the Rialto, IV. 332;
coins, XVII. 657; commerce, vi.
199; musical conservatory, VI. 291;
dialect of, XIII. 494; doges, VII. 331;
glass making, X. 652; libraries, XIV.
530, 548; majolica ware, xix. 628; St
Mark's church, II. 435; crypt in St
Mark's, vi. 669; nobles, xvii. 527;
school of painting, XXI. 436, 442;
pictures in, XXI. 447; porcelain, XIX.
636; sculpture, xxi. 568; Tintoretto's
pictiires in, XX. 609; Titian's pictures
in, XXIII. 414, 416; Turner's pictures
of, XXIII. 667.
Preserved, Otway's drama, xviii.
70.
Turpentine, xiv. 310.
Veni Creator, ancient hymn, x'l.
583.
Venieri, Sebastian, Venetian admiral
and doge, xxiv. 145, 146.
Venk.^TAGIRI, town, India, xvn. 321.
Venlo, town, Holland, xxiv. 157.
Vennacher, Loch, Scotland, xviii. 666.
Vennones, or Venostes, Rhtetian people,
XX. 505.
Venta Icenorum (Norwich), ancient
town, England, XVII. 595.
Ventidiu;, Roman general, xviii. 597.
V E N — V E S
457
VE.-JTILATIOff, XXIV. 1 57; of bee hives,
III. 486; of drains, XXI. 715; of
hospitals, XII. 304; of mine.", VI. 70;
XVI. 459.
Ventnor, to«ii, Isle of Wight, England,
XXIV. 162.
"Ventriloquism, vii. 63.
VENTU9»t; Luca^d'Egidio di (Signorelli),
Italian painter, XXII. 50; XXI. 434,442.
"Venue, in law, xxiv. 162.
Venus, Roman goddess (the Greek
Aphrodite), I. 788; II. 171; relations
with Adonis, I. 163; the Egj^tian
Athor, III. 13; temple of, at Rome, XX.
827; in classical sculpture, 11; 356,
361; VII. 530; XV. 842.
, planet, II. 777, 7S2, 791 ; brightness
of, XIV. 582; transits of, II. 796;
XVIII. 246; first observation of transit,
11.754; XII. 172; Assyiian worship of,
III. 176.
, V^l of, Latin poem, XVIII. 6S3.
Venus's Fly-Trap, insectivorous plant,
XIII. 136.
"Veperi, part of Madi'as city, India, XV.
188.
"Vera, Augusto, Italian philosopher,
XXIV. 162.
Cruz, state, Mexico, xvi. 214;
popidation, XXIV. 163.
Cruz, town, Mexico, xxiv. 163.
Veratruji, plant, XXI v. 163.
"Verawal, town, India, XXIL 261.
"Verb, in grammar, xi. 41.
"Verbano (Maggiore, q.v.), Lago, Italian
lake, XV. 1 98.
"Verbena, plant, xxiv. 163.
"Vercelli, town, Italy, xxiv. 163;
library, XIV. 531; university, XXIII.
833, S36.
Codex, Anglo-Saxon MS., viil.
406; MS. of Gospels in Latin, xxiv.
163.
"Vercellis, Madame de, friend of
Rousseau, XXI. 24.
"Vercingetorix, Gallic chief, iv. 637.
"Verd, Cape, West Africa, XXI. 661;
islands, v. 50; I. 272; III. 759.
Verdaguer, Jacinto, Spanish poet,
XXII. 365.
"Verde Antico, variety of marble, xv.
529; XVI. 397.
Verdelho Wine, Madeira, xv. 178.
Verden, Massacre of Saxons at (782),
V. 403.
"Verderer, in forest law, IX. 409.
"Verdict, of a jury, xiii. 7S5, 787.
Verdigris, or Acetate of Copper, vi.
351; as a poison, XIX. 278.
, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
307-
Verditer Blue, pigment, xix. 87.
Verdun, toivn, France, xxiv. 164;
treaty of (843), IX. 534; x. 480; XV. 9.
Verge-Bo.\RD, in architecture, IL 475.
Vergennes, Claire E. J. G. de (Madame
Eemusat), French wiitei-, XX. 379.
Vergil, or Virgil (q.v.), Latin poet, xxiv.
248.
Vergniaud, Pierre Victumien, French
Revolutionist, xxiv. 164.
Verhulst, William, director. New
Netherland, America, xvii. 454.
Verjuice, from crab apples, 11. 212.
Verkh-Issetskii, town, Russia, xviii.
550.
Verkhne-Tchirskay.\, town, Russia,
XVII. 500.
Verkhneudinsk, town, Transbaikalia,
Russia, XXIII. 511
Verkhne-Uralsk, town, Russia, xxiv.
166; XVII. 826.
Verkhnii Lomoff, towiL, Russia,
XVIII. 515.
Verkhoturie, town, Russia, xviii.
55°
Vermeer, Jan (J. van der Meer),
Dutch painter, xv. 824.
Vermehren, Danish painter, vii.
94-
\'ERMEjo, river. South America, xix.
iSS.
Ver.mes, group of animals, xxiv. 677;
embryology of, XX. 419; reproduction
of, XX. 409; organs of (ouch in, XXIII.
478; parasitic forms, XVIII. 259.
Vermicell.\, genus of snakes, XXII.
106.
Vermicelli, article of food, xv. 125.
VERMiFORMlA,divLson of Polyzoa, xix.
433-
Verm IGLI, Pietro Martire (Peter Martji;,
Italian Reformer, 'XXlv. 166.
Vermilion, pigment, xxiv. 166; xix.
87.
Vermland, county, Sweden, XXII.
741.
Vermont, State, U.S.A., xxiv. 166.
Vernation, of plants, arrangement of
leaves in bud, IV. 118.
Vernet, spa, France, xx. 128.
, Antoine Charles Horace (Carle
Vernet), French painter, XXIV. i6g.
, Claude Joseph, French painter,
XXIV. 168.
, Emile Jean Horace, French mOi-
tary painter, XXIV. 169.
, Madame, her protection of Con-
dorcet, vi. 254.
Vernier, micrometric instrument,
XXIV. 169; XVII. 256; XXII. 718.
, Pierre, French commandant, in-
ventor of the vernier, XXIV. 169 ;
XVII. 256; -XXII. 718.
Vernon, Edward, English admiral,
XXIV. 169.
, James, English secretary of state
and letter ^vTiter, XXIV. 169.
VerodunuU (^'erdun), ancient towB-
France, xxiv. 164.
Verona, to-n-n, Italy, xxiv. 170; xx.
145; congress of (1822), vi. 271; XVi.
202; XXIV. 497; amphitheatre at, I.
77 j; libraries, xiv, 548; school of
painting, xxi. 436, 443; pictures, xxi.
447-
Veronese, Paolo, Italian painter, xxiv.
173; XXI. 436; his manner of colour-
ing, xvni. 139; as colleague of Tin-
toret, XX. 610.
Veronica, St, xxiv. 173.
Verres, Roman governor, xxiv. 174.
Verri, Pietro, Italian economist, XDC
362.
Vexrocchio, Andrea del, Florentine
painter and sculptor, XXlv. 175; xiv.
456; X'il. 568.
Verrucchio, Malatesta da, Italian
nobleman, XX. 556.
Verrugas, disease, xxiv. 377, 732.
, Peru, Railway bridge at, XVHI.
675.
Versailles, town, France, xxiv. 176;
treaty of (1756), IX. 588; treaty of
(1783), IX. 595; William I. of Prussia
proclaimed German emperor at (1S71),
XXIV. 582; labyrinth at, xiv. 180;
libraries, xiv. 526, 546; palace, 11.
441 ; Vernet's paintings in palace,
XXIV. 169; waterworks, II. 222.
Versecz, to\ni, Hungary, XXIV. 178.
Versification, in poetry, xix. 258.
Vertebr.«, XXII. in; XXIV. 178; in
human anatomy, I. 820; of Amphibia,
I. 751; of apes, II. 159; of bird.";, III.
717; of fishes, XII. 640; of mammals,
XV. 356 (and article Mammalia
throughout); of reptile.?, XX. 447.
Vertebrata, or Vertebrates, division of
animal kingdom, XXIV. 178; n. 53;
embryology of, XX. 420; nei-vous
system, XIX. 31; reproduction, XX.
409; skeleton, XXII. 106; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 812.
Vertigo, Epileptic, viii. 480.
Vertot, Abbi de, French historian, IX.
668.
Vertue, George, English engraver and
antiquary, xxiv. 18S.
Vertumnus, Roman deity, xix 443.
Vert Vert, Cresset's poem, Xl. 187.
Verul.\m, Baron (Francis Bacon, q.v.),
III. 200.
Verulamium (St Albans), Roman town,
Britain, XXL 156.
Verus, .ilUus, Roman general, xviii.
604.
, M. Aurelius, Roman emperor, III.
86; XX. 773, 775; XXII. 573.
, Martins, Roman general, xviii.
604.
Verviers, town, Belgium, XXIV. 1S8.
Vervins, France, Treaty of (1598), IX.
564.
\'erwer, Adriaen, on sea-rights, XXl.
' 5S4.
VesaliUS, or Vesale, Andreas, Flemish
anatomist, I. 807; on the organs of
circulation, xxiv. 95.
Vesical Diseases, xxiv. 188.
Vesie,G0NSK, tort-n, Russia, XXIII. 672.
XJiV. — 58
458
V E S — V I E
Vesoul, town, France, xxiv. 191; xxi.
301.
Vespa, genus of insects, xxiv. 391.
Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus),
Eoman emperor, xxiv. 191; xx. 772;
in Judzea, xiii. 427; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 820.
Vespers, canonical hour, xxiv. 192; iv.
263.
AT Blackfriars, London, Acci-
dent at (1623), XIV. 847.
VespertilioniD/E, family of bats, xv.
410
Vespid^e, tamily of insects, XXIV. 391.
Vespucci, Amerigo, Italian navigator,
XXIV. 192; X. 181.
Vesta, Roman goddess (the Greek
• Hestia), XXIV. 193; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 818, 8 1 9; temple of, at
Tivoli, II. 417; pilgrimage to temple
of, XIX. 91.
, asteroid, II. 807.
Vestalia, Roman festival, XXIV. 195.
Vestal Virgins, Roman priestesses,
XXIV. 193.
Vestas, matches, xv. 626.
Vesteraalen, islands, Norwav. xiv.
768; XVII. 577.
VesterIs, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
Vesterbotten, county, Sweden, xxil.
741.
Vesternorrland, county, Sweden,
XXII. 741.
Vestfjold Kings, of Norway, xvil.
585.
Vestiges of Creation, anonymous
work, by Robert Chambers, v. 381;
XXIV. 77.
Vestmanland, county, Sweden, xxil.
741.
Vestments, Ecclesiastical, xxiv. 195;
VI. 461.
Vestochnvi, Cape, Eastern Siberia,
XV. 547.
Vestris, Madame, English actress, xv.
632.
Vestry Boards, of London, xiv. 820.
Vesunna (Perigueux), Roman town,
France, XVlll. 534.
Vesuvians, matches, XV. 626.
Vesuvius, volcano, Italy, xxiv. 195;
X. 243 ; XVII. 187; destruction of
Pompeii by, xix. 444.
Veszelyite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Veszprem, town, Hungary, xxiv. 197.
Vetches, Culture of, i. 376.
Veterinary Department, of British
army, II. 5S4.
Veterinary Science, xxiv. 197.
Vetlanka, Russia, Plague at, xix. 167.
Vetluga, river, Russia, XXIV. 279.
Veto, in constitutional law, xxiv. 206;
of the Roman tribune, XXIII. 558;
presidential, of United States, XXI 1 1.
749-
Act, of Church of Scotland, ix.
743; XXI. 538.
Vetranic-Cavcic, Nicholas, Ragusan
dramatist, XXI. 690.
Vetter, Lake, Sweden, xxil. 736.
Vettore, Monte, mountain, Italy,
XIII. 437.
Vetulonia, Etruscan town, Italy, Vlll.
636.
Veturii, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
640.
Vevay, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 1 1 5.
Vexin, district, Normandy, France,
XVII. 539, 544.
Veysi, Turkish writer, XXIII. 656.
VizELAY Abbey, France, Architecture
of, II. 430
Viaducts, iv. 284; railway, xx. 234.
Viareggio, town, Italy, xxiv. 208.
Viaticum, last communion to the
dying, xxiv. 208.
Viatka, or Vyatka, government, Russia,
xxiv. 302, town, xxiv. 303.
VlAU, or Viaud, Th^ophile de, French
poet, xxiv. 208; IX. 656.
ViAZEMSKi, Prince. Russian Doet, xxi.
109.
ViBORG, town, Denmark, vil. 83.
, town, Finland, xxiv. 209.
Vibration, Effect of, on iron and
steel, XIII. 355; on magnetization,
XV. 268
, Light propagated as, xxiv. 421.
Vibrations of Sound, i. 100; xvii.
105; communication of, I. 116; of
human voice, xxiv. 275.
Vibrographs, acoustic instruments, I.
no.
Vicar, in ecclesiastical law, xxiv. 209;
I. 179; XXIII. 412; of an EngUsh
parish, xviii. 296.
Vicar-Choral, ecclesiastical officer,
xxiv. 209.
Vicar-General, in ecclesiastical law,
XXIV. 209; III. 559.
Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith's
tale, X. 762.
Vice, tool, xi. 439.
Vice-Admiral, Office of, i. 159.
VicE-CoMES, Anglo-Norman officer,
XXIV. 261.
Vicente, Gil, Portuguese dramatist,
XXIV. 209; VH. 420; XIX. 556; as
pastoral poet, xvill. 346.
Vicentia (Vicenza), ancient town, Italy,
XXIV. 210.
Vicenza, town, Italy, xxiv. 210; uni-
versity of, XXIII. 836.
Vice-President, of United States,
XXIII. 750; list of vice-presidents,
xxiiL 787.
ViCH, town, Spain, XXIV. 210.
Vichy, town, France, xxiv. 210;
mineral water of, xvi. 435.
Vichy-Chamrond, Maria de, Marauise
du Deffand, VII. 25
ViCKSBURG, town, Mississippi, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 211; battle of (1863), xxiil
778.
Vico, Giovan Battista, Italian jurist and
philosopher, xxiv. 211; xiii. 512.
, Pietro di, prefect of Rome, XX.
795-
Vicramaditya, Era of, v. 719.
Victim, Sacrificial, xxi. 132.
Victor I., St,-bishop of Rome, xxiv.
213; XIX. 489.
II.-III., popes, XXIV. 213.
IV., two antipopes, XXIV. 213.
, Claude Perriru French marshal,
XXIV. 213.
, Sextus Aurelius, Roman consul
and historian, xxiv. 214,
Amadeus I., duke of S»voy, xxi.
342-
Amadeus II., king of Sardinia,
xxi. 342; XIII. 484.
Amadeus 1 1 1., of Sardima, xxi.
342.
Emmanuel, king of Italy, xxiv.
214; xiii. 488; XXL 342.
Victoria, queen of England, viii. 366.
, British colony, Australia, XXIV.
215; III. 114; mines, XVI. 47I; XXI.
48; newspapers, XVII. 437; opium cul-
tivation, XVII. 792; railways, xx. 253.
, district, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
, town, Brazil, xxiv. 218.
, town, British Columbia, XXIV.
218.
— , to\vn, Hong-Kong, China, XH,
141.
, Lake, Central Asia, xvill. 103.
Bridge, at Montreal, Canada, IV.
339; XVI. 794.
Cave, Yorkshire, England, v. 270.
Falls, river Parana, Argentine
Republic, xix. 188.
Falls, Zambesi river, Africa,
XXIV. 765; L 255; discovery of, I.
247; XIV. 721.
Nyanza Lake, Africa, xvil. 504,
507.
Park, London, xiv. 824.
Peak, Vancouver Island, xxiv. 57.
Regia, water-lily, xxiv. 402.
University, at Manchester, Eng-
land, XXIII. S54.
ViCTORiNES, The, mystics, xvii. 132.
Vicuna, or Vicugna, ungulate mammal,
I. 598; IV. 13; XIV. 739; influence of
domestication on, IV. 251.
Vicus Aquensis (Bagn4res-de-Bigorre),
ancient to^vn, France, III. 235.
Vicus IRI.E (Voghera), ancient town,
Italy, XXIV. 272.
Vida, Marco Girolamo, Italian Latin -
poet, XXIV. 219.
Vidago, spa, Portugal, xvi. 435.
ViDAL, Peire, Provencal poet, XIX. 874.
, Ramon, Catalan poet, XXII. 363.
ViDONiA Wine, Teneriffe, IV. 797;
XXIV. 607.
Vidua, genus of birds, xxiv. 463.
Viedma Lake, Patagonia, xviii. 353.
VnULLOT, Lonis Kerre, on birda, xviu.
7-
ViEN, Joeepli Marie, French painter,
XXIV. 219.
Vien-Ch.\^'G, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary,
XXIV. 219; siege of, by the Turks
(1529X XXIII. 643; siege of, by the
Tarks (1683), in. 126; xiv. 466; xix.
296; XXIII. 645; taken by Boraparte
(1805), III. 132; peace of (1809X III.
134; IX. 616; congress of (1814-15X
III. 135, 270; VI. 270; IX. 618; XIII.
485; XIV. 855; XVII. 223; XIX. 298;
revolution at (1848), iii. 136; academy
of surgery, I. 77; libraries, XIV. 527,
547; newspapers, XVII. "429; imperial
observatory, xvii. 713; telescope in
observatory, XXIII. 149; picture gal-
leries, XXI. 445; porcelain, xix. 640;
Canova's sculpture in, xxi. 570; uni-
versity, xxill. 840, 851; waterworks,
II. 228.
VlENNE, department and town, France,
xxrv. 222.
, river, France, xiv. 806.
, Haute-, department, France, XXIV.
223.
, John de, leader of the French in
Scotland (1381), xxi. 490.
ViEQUEZ, island, PortoRico, West Indies,
XIX. 532.
ViERGE AUX RocHERS, Leonardo's
painting, XIV. 460.
ViERWALDSTATTERSEE, Or Lake of
Lucerne (q.v.), Switzerland, XV. 41.
ViERZON, town, France, XXIV. 223.
ViETA, Francis, French mathematician,
XXIV. 224; his application of algebra
to geometry, i. 514; on squaring the
circle, XXII. 434; his contributions to
trigonometry, XXIII. 562.
ViEUSSENS, Raymond, French anatomist,
1. 812, 813.
ViEUZAC, Barfere de, French Revolu-
tionist, III. 373.
VIGEVAJJO, town, Italy, xxiv. 224.
Vigil, Ecclesiastical, xxiv. 224.
VIGILANTIUS, early ^\Titer on super-
stitious practices, XXIV. 224; his
wasning against monachism, xvi. 703.
VIGILIUS, pope, XXIV. 225; XIX. 493;
his relations with Pope Pelagius I.,
XVIII. 473.
Vigil of Venus, Latin poem, xviii.
683.
ViGNA, Pietro de la, or Pier delle
Vigne, Italian minister to Frederick
II., XXIV. 225; inventor of the sonnet,
XXII. 262; XIII. 500.
ViGNACOURT, Alof de, grand-master of
Knights Hospitallers, xxi. 175.
ViGNE, Pier delle. See Vigna.
ViGNEMALE, mountain, France, XX. 127.
Vignette, in architecture, 11. 475.
ViGNOBLES, district, Neuchatel, Switzer-
land, XVII. 361.
V I E — V I N
ViGNOLA, Giacomo Barozzio da, Italian .
architect. III. 380; XX. 836.
ViGNY, Alfred de, French poet and
adventurer, XXIV, 225.
ViGO, town,;Spain, XXIV. 226; xix. 455.
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward, on birds,
XVIU. 15.
Vigten Islands, Korway, xvn. 576.
VljlL, Francisco de Paula, Peruvian
orator and statesman, xviii. 676.
ViK, district, Norway, xvii. 584.-
Vikings, Northern sea-rovers, their early
expeditions, XVII. 584; their knowledge
of geography, X. 178; their possession
of Orkney and Shetland, xvii. 848;
invasion of Scotland by, xxi. 477.
Vikramaditya, king of Ujjain, India,
XII. 789.
ViKRAMORVASi, Kalidasa's Sanskrit
drama, xili. 829; xxi. 285.
Vl Laica Removenda, obsolete English
writ, XXIV. 695.
Vilayet, Turkish administrative divi-
sion, xxiiL 654.
ViLCAMAVU, river, Peru, xviiL 673;
valley, xviil. 675.
ViLKO.MiR, town, Russia, xxiv. 226.
ViLLACREZES, Congregation of reformed
Franciscans, ix. 699.
Villa de Contas, town, Brazil, xxiv.
227.
Villa de Horta. town, Azores, in.
172.
Villa do Rio Pardo, town, Brazil,
xxiv. 227.
ViLLAFRANCA, Italy, Conference and
peace of (1859), iiL 139; IX. 624; xill.
490; xvii. 228.
Village, in United States, xxill. 827.
, The, Crabbe's poem, vi. 539.
CoMMtTNlTIES, XIV. 365; in Eussia,
XXI. 70, 83.
Tenure, of land, xiv. 260.
Villa Hayes, town, Paraguay, xviii.
244.
Villainage, in England, vi. 355; viii.
325; xxn. 137
ViLLANi, Filippo, Italian biographer,
xxrv. 228.
, Giovanni, Italian chronicler, xxiv.
227; XIII. 505; XX. 385.
, Matteo, Italian historian, xxiv.
228.
Villa Nova da Gaia, suburb of
Oporto, Portugal, xvii. 795.
Villanueva, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
DEL Grao, town, Spain, xxiv.
34-
ViLLA Pilar, town, Paraguay, xviii.
244
Villa Real, town, Portugal, xxiii.
525-
Villa Rica, town, Paraguay, xviii.
244.
ViLLARS, Clavide Louis Hector, Due de,
French general, XXIV. 228; IX. 581.
ViLLARSlTE, mineral, xvi. 415.
459
\'ILLEFRANCHE DE ROUERGUE, town,
, -France, xxiv. 228.
Villefranche-sur-Sa6ne, town,
France, XXIV. 229.
ViLLEHARDOUiN, Geoffroy de, French
chronicler, xxiv. 229; ix. 645.
, Godfrey, prince of Achaia, xxiv.
229; capture of Nauplia by (121 1),
XVII. 249,
Villeinage, in England, vl 355; viii.
325; xxn. 137.
Villein-Socage, system of land tenure,
England, xix. 734.
Villemain, Abel Franfois, French
literary historian, XXIV. 231; IX. 680.
ViLLEMARQui, Theodore Hersart,
Vicomte'de la, on Breton literature,
V. 324.
ViLLENA, town, Spain, xxiv. 231.
, Enrique de,. Spanish poet, XXll.
355-
ViLLENAGE, or ViUeinage (j.r.), vi. 355.
VlLLENEUVE, Pierre C. J. B. S. de,
French admiral at Trafalgar, xvil.
323-
ViLLENEUVE-SUR-LOT, town, France,
XXIV. 231.
ViLLiERS, George, first duke of Buck-
ingham, IV. 417; Bacon's connexion
with. III. 206.
, George, second duke of Bucking-
ham, IV. 419.
, George William Frederick, fourth
earl of Clarendon, v. 807.
, John de, master of Knights Hos-
pitallers, XXI. 174.
Villon, Francis, French poet, xxiv.
232; IX. 647.
ViLMANSTRAND, town, Finland, xxiv.
209.
ViLMORiN, Henry de, French agricul-
turist, XXIV. 532.
ViLNA, government, Russia, xxrv. 233.
, town, Russia, xxiv. 234; obser-
vatory at, xvn. 714.
ViLUl, river, Siberia, xxil. 5; XXIV.
726.
ViMiERO, Portugal, Battle of (1808),
XXIV. 495.
ViNAGO, genus of birds, XIX. 85.
ViNCENNES, town, France, XXIV. 234.
, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xxiv. 234.
Vincent, St, Spanish deacon and
martyr, XXIV. 234.
of Beauvais, mediaeval encyclo-
paedist, XXIV. 235; vin. 192; XXI.
427.
of Lerins, St, ecclesiastical writer,
XXIV. 236; VI. 562.
, Alexandre Joseph Hidulphe, on
porisms, XIX. 520.
, George, English painter, XXIV.
234.
, Thomas, Penn's discussion with,
XVIII. 493.
, William, on the early circum-
navigation of Africa, I. 245.
460
Vincent de Paul, St, founder of the
Lazaritee, XXIV. 236.
— Ferrer, St, Spanish preacher,
XXIV. 236.
ViNCENTlus (St Vincent), Spanish saint
and martyr, xxiv. 234.
Bellovacensis (Vincent of Beau-
vais), mediaeval encyclopedist, XXIV.
235; viii. 192; xxi. 427.
Vinci, Leonardo da, Italian painter and
philosopher, XIV. 455; XIIL 508; XXI.
437, 569-
VlNDELlci, ancient Alpine people, XX.
504.
ViNDELlciA, Roman province, xxiv.
236; XX. 505.
ViNDELiciAN Alps, l 628.
ViNDEX, Julius, his revolt against the
emperor Nero, XVII. 351.
ViNDici^ Gallic^ Mackintosh's
book, XV. 160
ViNDiCTA Privata, in Roman law, xx.
675.
ViNDOBONA (A'ienna), ancient Roman
town, XXIV. 222.
VlNDOCiNUM (Vendome), ancient town,
France, XXIV. 13S.
Vine, plant, xxiv. 236; in horticulture,
XII. 277; culture of, for wine making,
xxiv. 602; cultivation, in Italy, xiii.
451; in Madeira, xv. 178; of Zante,
XXIV. 767.
ViNEA, Petrus de, or Pietro de la Vigna,
minister of emperor Frederick II.,
XXIV. 225. See Vigna.
Vinegar, or Acetic Acid, xxiv. 240;
making of, IX. 98.
Vine-Mildew, xvi. 294.
Vinery, Garden, xii. 223.
Vinet, Alexandre Rodolphe, French
critic and theologian, xxiv. 241; xxii.
799-
Vineyards, xxiv. 602; on the Rhine,
XX. 520.
Vinje, a. 0., Norwegian poet, xvii.
591.
Vinland, seat of early settlement. North
America, I. 706.
Vinnitsa-, town, Russia, xxiv. 241;
XIX. 254.
Vintschgau, district, Tyrol, Austria,
XXIII. 711.
Viol, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
Viola, genus of plants, xviiL 214;
xxiv. 241.
Violet, plant, xxiv. 241; xii. 253.
Violin, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene Emmanuel,
French architect, xxiv. 246.
Violoncello, musical instrument,
XXIV. 245.
ViOTTi, Giovanni Battista, Italian
violinist and composer, xxiv. 246.
Viper, reptil£, xxiv. 247; xxii. 193,
199.
ViPERA, genus of snakes, XX. 452; xxil.
193; XXIV. 247.
V I N — V I T
Viramamuni (Joseph Beachi), Italian
writer in Tamil, .X.KIII. 44.
Viravanallur, town India, xxill.
405.
ViRCHOW, Rudolf, on cellular pathology,
xviiL 361.
ViRGEN GORDA. island, West Indies,
XXIV. 261.
ViRGIDEMIARUM SiXE BOOKES, Bishop
Hall's work, XL 390.
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), Roman
poet, XXIV. 248; XX. 722; language
and style of, XIV. 335; as representa-
tive of the Augustan age, III. 82; his
connexion with Naples, xvii. 191;
commentaries on, XXI. 692; Gawain
Douglas's translation of, vii. 377;
Dryden's, vil. 492.
, Polydore, bishop of Bath and
Wells and historian, xxiv. 255.
THE Enchanter, romance, xx.
641.
ViP.GILIA, genus of trees, II. 320.
V.'.^GILIAN/E Sortes. Divination by,
VII. 293.
Virginal, musical instrument, xix. 67.
Virginia, Roman maiden. Story of, v.
816.
, State, U.S.A., xxiv. 255; colony
of, XXIIL 729; Captain John Smith's
connexion with, xxil. 174; mineral
springs of, xvi. 436; newspapers, XVII.
434; opium cultivation, xvii. 792.
, West, See West Virginia.
City, Nevada, U.S.A., XXIV. 261.
Virginian Nightingale, bird, xl
209; xvii. 499.
Virginians, The, by Thackeray, xxiii.
216.
Virginia Resolutions (179S), in
history of United States, xv. 183;
XXIII. 756.
Virgin Islands, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
Virgin Martyr, The, Massinger'splay,
XV. 618.
Virgin Mary, The, xv. 589.
Virgins, Eleven Thousand, of the
Ursula legend, xxiv. 13.
ViRiATHUS, Lusitanian chief, xxil. 306.
Virtue, in ethics, vili. 575; Aristotelian
doctrine of, II. 517; Platonic, xix. 196;
Socratic, XXIL 237, 266; xix. 195;
Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 568.
ViRUNUM (Klagenfurt), ancient town,
Austria, Xiv. 107.
V'iSAKHADATTA, Hindu dramatist, XXI.
286.
Visayas, islands, Philippines, xviii.
752-
, race of people, PhUippine Islands,
xviii. 753.
Viscera, Thoracic, Anatomy of, i. 899;
XX. 475; abdominal, vii. 223; xviii.
669; malformations of,*xvi. 765.
VISCHER, Peter, German artist, XVIi.
633; XXL 564.
VisCHER, Theodor, on sesthetics, I. 219.
VISCONTI, Milanese ruling family, Xia.
477; XVL 291, 293.
, Filippo Maria, duke of Milan, Xlll.
479-
, Gian Galeazzo, count of Pavia,
XIII. 478; XVIII. 438; as ruler in
Siena, xxil 41; tomb of, xxi. 569.
Viscosity, property of matter, vii. 801 ;
VI. 311; XIX. 247J of gases, xvi. 618:
XIX. 248; of solids, XXIL 598; mea-
surement of, XII. 459.
Viscount, rank of nobiHty, xxiv. 261 ;
XXIII. 418; in English peerage, xviil
464.
ViscuM, genus of plants, xvi. 527;
XVIII. 265.
Vishnu, Hindu deity, iv. 207; worship
of, among Mahrattas, XV. 290.
ViSHNUMAYA, daughter of Brahma, XIV.
19-
ViSHNUVlTES, tribe, India, xv. 185.
ViSHTASPA, ancient Oriental sovereign,
XXIV. 821.
Visible Speech, A. Melville Bell's, i.
608; X.XI1. 385.
VisiGOTHic Writing, xviii. 156.
Visigoths, or West Goths, x. 848; in
France, IX. 528; Xiv. 287; invasion
of Roman empire by, XX. 780; their
conquest of Spain, XXII. 308; in time
of Theodosius I., XXIII. 257; code of,
IV. 262; XXL 216.
VisiN, Denis von, Russian dramatist,
XXL 106.
Vision, xiv. 378; physical causes of,
viii. 816; binocular,xxil. 538; diseases
of, XVII. 7S0; influence of, on nervous
movements, XIX. 39; psychical relations
of, VIII. S26; Berkeley's theory of, III.
590; in bees, in. 487. See also Sight.
, Poetic, XIX. 263.
OF MiR2A, Addison's allegory, I.
149.
Visions, Mental, vii. 452.
Visitation, Feast of the, xv. 592.
ViSON, genus of carnivorous mammals,
XVI. 474.
ViSDERED, part of Zend-Avesta, xxiv.
775-
\'isquert, Antonio, Spanish painter,
xxili. 198.
VisscHER, Anna, Dutch poetess, xil.
93-
, Roemer Pieterssen, Dutch writer,
XII. 93.
, Tesselschade, Dutch poetess, XII.
93-
VistritZA, river, Macedonia, XV. 137.
Vistula, river, Central Europe, III. 116,
294; XIX. 307; XX. 218.
Governments, Russian official
designation of Poland, XIX. 306.
Visvamitr.% Indian sage, XII. 782.
Vitale Michieli, doge of Venice,
XXIV. 142.
ViTALiAN, Roman general, XIII. 791.
VlTALIANUS, pope, XXIV. 262.
Vital Statistics, xxii. 462.
Vita Nuova, Dante's work, vi. 814.
Vitebsk, govermnent and town, Russia,
XXIV. 262.
VlTELLESCHi, Cardinal, Papal general,
XX. 805.
, Mutio, general of the Jesuits, xill.
654, 636.
ViTELLi, Alessandro, Italian general,
XV. 789.
ViTELLlus, Aulus, Roman emperor,
XXIV. 262; XX. 773; struggle of his
supporters against Othonians, xviil.
65.
VlTERBO, town, Italy, XXIV. 263.
Vithoba, Temple of, at Panderpur,
India, xviii. 210.
Viti (or Fiji) Isl.\nds, South Pacific,
IX. 155; XV. 835.
VlTlGIS, Gothic king, XIII. 797.
Viti Levu, one of the Fiji Islands, IX.
156.
VlTiM, plateau, Siberia, xxil. 2; xxiv.
725-
, river, Siberia, xxil. 5; xxill. 510;
XXIV. 726.
VlTis, genus of plants, xxiv. 237.
VlTKOVics, Michael, Hungarian poet,
XII. 377-
VlTORiA, town, Spain, xxiv. 263; battle
of (1813), XXIV. 496.
VlTR^, ton-n, France, XXIV. 263.
VlTRE.\, group of Foraminifera, IX. 378.
Vitrified Forts, xxiv. 263.
Vitriol, Vitriols, xxiv. 265; xvi.
401, 402; manufacture of, XXII. 636;
as a poison; xix. 278; blue, xxii. 637;
Roman, VI. 351.
VlTRUVius, Roman architect and en-
gineer, XXIV. 265; II. 382; XX. 809;
his influence on Italian architecture, II.
437; language and style of, XIV. 336.
ViTRV, France, Storming of (1143), IX.
540; XV. 18.
ViTTORiA, town, Sicily, xxiv. 266.
ViTTORiNO DA Feltre, Italian educa-
tionist, VII. 672.
VlTTORio (Cenada), district, Italy, V.
334-
Amedeo (Victor Amadeus, 9.1;.)
II., king of Sardinia, xill. 484; xxi.
342.
ViTTORiOSO, part of Valetta, Malta,
XV. 340.
VlTUDURUM fn'interthur), ancient
town, Switzerland, XXIV. 014.
Vitus, St, Roman martj-r, xxiv. 266.
Vivaria, or Fish Stews, Ancient, II.
218.
ViVARiNl, Antonio, Venetian painter,
XXIV. 266.
, Bartolommeo, Italian painter,
XXIV. 267.
, Luigi, Italian painter, XXIV. 267.
ViVERRA, genus of carnivorous mam-
mahs XV. 436; v. 796.
V I T — V O ,L
VivES, Juan Luia, or Ludovicus, Spanish
scholar, xxiv. 267.
Vivi, town, on Congo river, Africa, xxiv.
765.
Vivianite, mineral, xvi. 404; xviii.
818.
Viviparous Birth, xx. 410.
Viviparous Plants, xx. 423.
Vivisection, John Hunter on, XIL 386.
Act (1876), English, xv. 799.
VIVONNE, Catherine de. Marquise de
Rambouillet, XX. 264.
Vizacapatam, district and town, India,
XXIV. 267.
VizcAY.\ (Biscav), province, Spain, lii.
787.
ViziADRUG, town, India, xxiv. 267; x.
566.
ViziANAGRAM, estate and town, India,
XXIV. 267.
Vizier, Oriental officer, xxiv. 268; xvi.
591.
, Grand, Turkish minister, xxill.
654.
VizziNl, town, Sicily, xxiv. 268.
Vl.\CHS, or Roumans, XXIV. 268; in
Roumania, XXI. 16.
Vlacich, Matthias (Flacius), German
theologian, IX. 275; v. 765; XV. 85.
Vlacq, Adrian, Dutch logarithmist,
XIV. 774; his tables, XXIII. 9.
Vlad, voivode of Walachia, XXI. 16.
Vladikavkaz, tovm, Russia, xxiv.
270.
Vladimir, government, Russia, xxiv.
270; town, XXIV. 271.
, early Russian prince, XXI. 89.
Vladislaff, king of Servia, xxi.
688.
Vladivostok, town, Siberia, xxiv.
271; XV. 549.
Vlissingen (Flushing), town, Holland,
IX. 350; XXIV. 772.
Vlotslavsk, town, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 625.
Vocal Organs, in man, xxiv. 273; in
birds. III. 726.
VoDENA, town, Turkey in Europe, vii.
652.
Vodka, river, Russia, xvii. 772.
VODNIK, Valentine, Slovenian poet,
XXII. 150.
VOET, Gisbert, on the Cartesian philo-
sophy, VII. I 19.
VOGEL, H. C, his corrections of object-
glasses, XXIII. 141.
VOGELWEIDE, Walther von der, Ger-
man poet, XXIV. 340; X. 525.
VoGHERA, town, Italy, xxiv. 272.
VoGLER, Georg Joseph, German organist
and composer, xxiv. 272.
: VOGLITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
VoGULS, people, Siberia, XXII. 8.
Voice, Human, x.xiv. 273; sounds of,
I. 118; XVIII. 811; XXII. 381; as in-
strument of expresiion, xviii. 767.
Voider, in heraldry, XI. 697.
461
VOIGTLAND, regioi:, Central Qtrmany,.
XX. 493.
VoiL, Loch, Scotland, xviii. 666.
VoiRLiCH, Ben, mountain, Scotland,
xviii. 666.
Voiron, town, France, xxiv. 277.
VoiTURE, Vincent, Ft,ench writer, XXIV.
277-
Voivodes, rulers of Roumania, XXI. i6,
19-
VOLAGASES I., Parthian king, : "'in.
602.
II., Parthian king, xviii. 603.
III., Parthian king, XVIII. 604.
IV., Parthian king, xviii. 605.
v., Parthian Mng, XVIII. 606.
VoLATERR.« (Volteira), Etruscan town,
Italy, VIII. 636; XXIV. 293.
VOLATERRANUS, his Commentarii .
Urbani, viii. 193.
Volatility, of metals, Table of, xvi.
66.
v^olborthite, mineral, xvi. 406.
Volcanalia, Roman festival, XXIV.301.
Volcanic Islands, Polynesia, xix.
418.
Volcano, Volcanoes, x. 240 ; as
source of ammonia, XVII. 516; in
America, I. 673; in Azores, III. 170; of
ChOi, V. 616; Etna, viii. 627; of
Europe, vili. 683; in Isle of Thera, .
Greece, XXIII. 280; of Hawaii, XI.
531; of Iceland, XII. 617; of Italy,
XIII. 443; of Japan, XIII. 571; of '
Java, XIII. 601; of Mexico, XIX. 5121
of Peru, XVIII. 672 ; of Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 749 ; Vesuvius, xxiv. .
195; mud, in Burmah, xiv. 162.
VOLCI, Etruscan town, Italy, vill. 635. ,
\'0LE, rodent mammal, xxiv. 277; xv. .
419; snow-vole, I. 633.
Volga, river, Russia, XXIV. 278; XXI.
74, 304.
Volgerite, mineral, xvi. 388.
VOLHYNIA, government, Russia, XXIV.
281.
VOLINSKI, Prince, Russian minister,
XXI. 98.
Volition, in psychology, xx. 72; .
physiological action of the brain in,
XV. 279; Cousin's doctrine of spon-
taneity in, VI. 525. See also WilL
VOLJSK, to%vn, Russia, XXIV. 283; xxi.
305-
VOLKHOFF, river, Russia, xvii. 607; .
XXI. 73.
VOLMAR, Melchior, his influence or
CahTn, IV. 714.
VOLNEY, Constantin Francois Cha.'?s€- •
bceuf, Comte de, Jrench writer, XXIV.
282; IX. 672.
VoLO, town, Greece, XXIV. 282; gidf, .
XXIII. 299.
Vologda, government, Russi.o, xxiv.
282; town, XXIV. 283.
Vologesia, town, Mesopotamia, xvi. .
5'-
462
y O L— W A D
VoLOST, administiatire division, Ruasia,
XXI. 70.
VoLSCi, or Volscians, ancient Italian
people, XIII. 445; XIV. 344; XX. 739.
VoLSiNli, Etruscan town, Italv, viii.
635-
VoLSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283; xxi.
303-
Volt, electrical unit of measurement,
xxiil. 116.
VOLTA, river, West Coast, Africa, X.
755-
, Alessandro, Italian physicist, XXIV.
2S4; his electrical experiments, viii.
9-
VOLTAIRE, Franfois Maxie Arouet de,
French man of letters, xxiv. 285; IX.
665; his influence on the French
drama, vii. 425 ; his religious opinions,
IX. 669; as satirist, xxi. 320; influence
of his writings, IX. 592; quarrel with
Lessing, xiv. 479; his relation to
Ninon de Lenclos, xiv. 445.
VoLTAiTE, mineral, xvi. 402.
Voltameter, electric machine, vin.
107.
VOLTCHANSK, town, Russia, Xiv. 57.
VOLTERRA, town, Italy, XXIV. 293; viii.
636.
, Dauiele da, Italian artist, XX.
537-
VOLTERRANO, II (Ealdassare Frances-
chini), Italian painter, ix. 687.
VOLTORE, Monte, Italy, XIII. 439.
VOLTURNO, river, Italy, Xlii. 440.
VOLTZINE, mineral, XVl. 396.
VoLUBiLis, Morocco, Ruins of, xvi.
834.
Volume, Meusuration of, xvi. 13.
Volunteers, British, xxiv. 293.
VOLUSENUS, Floreutius, Scottish hu-
manist, XXIV. 296.
Volute, in architecture, II. 475.
Vomer, Anatomy of the, in man, I. 825;
in Amphibia, I. 754; in mammals, XV.
355; in reptiles, XX. 450, 452; de-
velopment of, in birds, lu. 700.
Vomiting, xvii. 670.
VoNDEL, JoGst van der, Dutch writer,
vii. 444; XII. 94.
VONONES I., Parthian king, XVIII. 600.
11., Parthian king, xviii. 602.
VooRBROEK, Jakob (Perizonius), Dutch
scholar, XVIII. 547.
Vopiscus, Flavius, Augustan historian,
III. 74.
VoRAGiNE, Jacobus de, archbishop of
Genoa, xxiv. 296; Xlil. 499.
VORARLBERG, district, Austria, xxiv.
297-
VORINGFOS, Norway, xvii. 575.
VoROBiovY Hills, Rusda, xx. 35.
Voronezh, government, Russia, XXIV.
297; town, XXIV. 298.
, rirer, Russia, VII. 356; XXl. 74.
Vorontsovah, town, Rassia, xxiv.
298.
Vorosmartv, Michael, Hungarian poet,
XIL 378.
Vorsterman, Lucas, engraver o» works
of Rubens, VIII. 442.
Vortex Atoms, Theory of, iii. 43.
Vortex Motion, in hydromechanics,
XII. 450.
Vortices, Descartes theory of, vii.
124.
Vortigern, British prince, II. 650;
VIIL 269.
Vos, Jan, Dutch writer, Xll. 95.
VosGES, departT.-?nt, France, xxiv.
298.
, mountains, France and Germany,
xxiv. 298; IX. 506.
Vosmaer, C, Dutch writer, xii. 98.
Voss, Johann Heinrich, German poet
and archjeologist, XXI v. 299; x.
541.
Vossius, Gerardus Johannes, German
scholar and theologian, XXIV. 299.
, Isaac, Dutch scholar, xxiv. 300.
Votan, legendary legislator of Yucatan,
I. 704.
Voters, Parliamentary, Registration of,
in England, xx. 344.
VOTiAK Language, xxiv. i; xviil
779; dictionaries of, vii. 188.
Voting, Modes of, in. 288.
VotkiNSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 30a
Vouet, Simon, French painter, xxiv.
300.
VoussoiR, in an arcn, IV. 305.
Vow, Religious, XXIV. 300; Nazarite,
XXIIL 17.
Vowel Points, in Hebrew, xi. 600.
Vowels, their sounds, I. I ; pronuncia-
tion of, XXII. 382; musical sounds and
notation of, I. 119.
Voyage Home, Lucian's work, xv.
45-
Voyage of Parnassus- by Cervantes,
v. 354.
Voyages, Quickest, down to 1883, xvii.
277-
VozHE, Lake, Russia, xvii. 606.
Voznesensk, Ivanovo-, town, Rvsfia,
xiiL 520; XXIV. 271.
Vrancx, Sebastian, Flemish painter,
XXIV. 301.
Vranitza, Turkey, Charles XII.'s
residence at, V. 421.
Vraz, Stanko, Servian poet, XXI. 691.
Vriendt, Frans de (Floris), Flemish
painter, IX. 342.
Vries, Simon de, friend of Spinoza,
XXII. 401.
Island, Japan, xiii. 570.
Vriesland (Friesland), province, Hol-
land, IX 785.
Vuiterga, river, Russia, xvii. 772.
VUKASHIN, king of Servia, XXI. 689.
Vulcan, Roman deity (the Greek
HephsestasX xxiv. 301 ; XI. 679.
VuLCANi/E InsuLj€ (Lipari Islands^
Mediterranean Sea, Xiv. 682.
V0LCANIST Theory, in geology, xxrv.
502.
Vulcanite, Manufacture of, xil. 841.
VULCANO, one of the Lipari Islands,
Mediterranean Sea, Xiv. 682.
VuLCATius GAiLlCANUS, Augustan
historian. III. 74.
VULFILA (Ulfilas, g.r.), Gothic writer,
X. 852.
Vulgar Fractions, in arithmetic, 11.
529; tables of, xxill. 8, 13.
Vulgate, Latin translation of the
Scriptures, in. 647; xiii. 631.
VULPES, genus of carnivorous mammals,
IX. 493.
Vulpinite, mineral, xvi. 400.
VuLPlUS, CThristiane, wife of Goethe, X.
731-
VuLso, Cnseus ManUus, Roman consul,
XV. 492.
Vulture, bird, xxiv. 301.
, Bearded, bird, XIV. 243.
VURFU Ourla, mountain, Hungary,
XIL 361.
Vyasa, Brahman poet, XXI. 281.
Vyatka, government, Russia, xxiv.
302; town, XXIV. 303; XXI. 89, 91.
Vyazma, town, Russia, xxiv. 303; xxil.
183.
Vyazn'IKI, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
Vi^ERNYl, town, Russia in Asia, xxrv.
303; XXI. 641.
Vyiski, iron-works, Russia, xvii. 500.
VVRIfWY, river, Wales, Waterworks of,
XIV. 714; xxiv. 407.
"YSHNEVOLOTSK, Canals, Russia, xxin,
672.
Vyshniy Volotchok, town, Russia.
XXIV. 303; xxiii. 672.
Vytchegda, river, Russia, XXIV. 283.
AIT the twenty-third letter of th-*
* "^ > alphabet, xxiv. 304.
Waal, river, Holland, xii. 63; xjr.
519-
Wabash, river, Indiana, U.S.A., xu.
8} 3.
Wace, Maistre, French trouvire, XXIV
304; VIII. 407.
WacHSTEIN, mountain, Germany, XXI.
349-
Wachusett, mountain, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., XV. 611; xxiii. 792.
WackenrODER, WUhelm Heinrich,
German writer, X. 542.
Waclaw, king of Poland, XIX. 288
Waco, town, Texas, U.S^A, XXIV.
304.
Wad, mineral, xvi. 388.
Wadai, or Waday, country, Soudan,
Africa, I. 271; XXII. 278, 279.
Group, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
Wadding, Luke, Iridi ecclesiastical
historian, XXIV. 304.
Wadham College, Oxford, xviii. 97.
Wadjo, kingdom, Celebes, v. 288.
W A D — W A L
463
Wadman, Johan Anders, Swedish writer,
XXII. 757.
Wady Halfa, town. Nubia, Africa,
xviL 507, 611.
Wady Musa (Petra), town, Northern
Arabia, XVIII. 705.
Wafers, in stationery, xxiv. 305.
Wagand.\, people of Uganda. Africa,
xxiii. 718.
Wager, in law, xxiv. 305.
, Sir Charles, English admiral,
XXIV. 170.
OF B.\TTLE, II. 210; VII. 511;
XVII. 820; XXIV. 305.
Wages, XXIV. 306; xiv. 165; aa affected
by trade unions, XXIII. 500; payment
of, XVIII. 440; taxes on, XXIII. 89;
Laasalle on, XIV. 321; Marx on, XXII.
211; Rodbertus's theory, XX. 616.
See also article Political Economy.
Waggons, Railway, xx. 247.
Wagler, Johann, on birds, xviii. 14,
20; on reptiles, XX. 436.
Wagner, Adolf, German economist,
XIX. 392.
, Andreas, on a feathered reptile,
XVIII. 34.
, Johann Gottlob, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 73.
, Rudolph, German anatomist and
physiologist, XXIV. 313.
, Wilhehn Richard, German musi-
cal composer, XXIV. 313; anticipated
by Monteverde, XVII. 87; his influ-
ence on the IjTical drama, XVii. 99.
Wagnerite, mineral, XVI. 407.
Wagr.\M, Austria, Battle of (1809), ill.
134; IX. 616; XVII. 214.
Wagria, ancient district, Holstein, XXI.
415.
Wagtail, bird, xxiv. 316.
Wahab, iluhammed ben. Druse chief-
tain, VII. 484.
Wahballath, prince of Palmyra,
XVIII. 202.
Wahhabees, or 'Wahhabites, sect of
Arabs, II. 250, 260; XVii. 773; XXIII.
648 ; their doctrines in India, XI.
849.
Wahidi, Arabic WTiter, XVII. 514.
Wahlstatt, Prussian Silesia, Battle of
(1241), XIV. 569; XVI. 741.
Wahsatch Mountains, U.S.A., xxiii.
796; XXIV. 19.
Wai, town, India, XXI. 317.
Waicalis, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, XIII.
822
Waihu (RapanuiX island. South Pacific,
XX. 273.
Waikapo, river. New Zealand, III. 67;
XVI. 467.
Wainad, district, India, xvii. 508.
Wainewright, Thomas Griffiths, Eng-
lish essayist, XXI v. 317.
WainganGa, river, India, III. 627.
Waipa, river. New Zealand, xvil
467.
Wairoa, river. New Zealand, XVII.
467.
Waitangi, New Zealand, Treaty of
(1840), XVII. 471.
Waitz, Georg, German hictorian, xxiv.
317-
Waitzen, town, Hungary, XXIV. 30.
Waives and Strays, Cinque Port
right, V. 787.
Wakaholo, Lake, Buru, Indian Archi-
pelago, IV. 573.
Wakatipu, Lake, New Zealand, xvii.
467.
Wakefield, town, England, xxiv.
318.
, Edward Gibbon, English colonial
statesman, XXIV. 318.
, Gilbert, English scholar and theo-
logian, XXIV. 319.
Wakefulness, xxii. 157.
Wakeman, Sir George, English phy-
sician, XVII. 697.
Wakhan, state. Central Asia, xviii.
104.
Mountains, Transcaucasia, Rus-
sia, XXIII. 513.
Wakhsh, affluent of Oxus, Central
Asia, XVIII. 103.
Wakidi, Moslem historian, xvi. 596;
XXIII. 2.
Wakores, African tribe, XV. 475.
Wal.^chia, principality, Roumania,
XXI. 16; Great and Little, xxiv. 269,
270.
Walachian (or Roumanian) Lan-
guage, XXIV. 270; XX. 668; alphabet
of, I. 614; dictionaries of, VII. 186.
Walafrid Strabo, German medieval
writer, XXIV. 320.
Walata, oasis, Africa, XVII. 695.
Walburga, St, English abbess, xxiv.
337-
W.\LCH, Carl Friedrich, German jurist,
XXIV. 321.
, Christian Wilhelm Franz, Ger-
man ecclesiastical historian, xxiv.
321.
, Jacob (Jacopo de' Barbari), Vene-
tian artist, VII. 555, 556.
, Johann Ernst Immanuel, German
philologist, x.xiv. 321.
, Johann Georg, German church
historian, XXIV. 321.
Walcheren, island, Holland, xxiv.
771; British expedition to, xiv. 854.
Walchowite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Walcott, John, on British birds,
XVIII. 9.
Walcz (Deutschkrone), town, Prussia,
vn. 134.
Waldeck-Pvrmont, principality, Ger-
many, XXIV. 321.
Waldemar, margrave of Brandenburg,
XX. 3.
II., king ol Denmark, vii. 84.
III., of Denmark, vil. 85; his con-
test with the Hanse towns, XI. 450.
WALDEilXR, king of Sweden, xxil.
745-
Walden, Thoreau's prose work, xxiii.
313-
WaldeNBURG, town, Prussia, XXIV.
32^-
Waldenses, religious sect, xxiv. 322;
XX. 321; their Presbyterianism, XIX.
697.
Walderbeskopf, mountain, Rhenish
Prussia, XX. 20.
Waldgebirge, mormtains, Austiia, in.
116.
Waldheim, Fischer de, on birds, xvill.
15-
W.^LDMANN, Hans, burgomaster of
Zurich, XXIV. 831.
W.\ldo, Peter, founder of the Waldeosea,
XXIV. 323.
W.\LES, principality (incorporated with
England), viii. 215; as part of ancient
Britain, IV. 353; in 6th century, vill.
271; in 9th century, VIII. 284; inva-
sion of, by William II., XXIV. 577;
Norman settlement in, xvn. 551 ; in
nth and 12th centuries, VIII. 304,
309; conquest of, by England, VIIL
311; Irish in, xiii. 247; ancient law
code, XXI. 216; ancient literature, V.
314; poetry, vill. 40S; ancient tribes,
V. 300; coalfields, VI. 49; colleges,
XXIII. 856 ; counties, VIII. 220 ;
Eisteddfod, VII. 791 ; newspapers,
XVII. 422; population and representa-
tion, XXIII. 727.
Walfisch Bay, South Africa, v. 43.
Walghvogel (Dodo), bird, VIL 321.
Wali.4, Visigothic leader, in Spain,
XXII. 308.
Walid I., caliph, XVI. 573.
11., caliph, xvi. 576.
, Abid (Rabbi Jonah), Jewish philo-
logist, XIII. 737.
Walidiva, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
WalkeLIN, bishop of Winchester, XXIV.
596.
Walker, river and lake, Nevada,
U.S.A., XVII. 367.
, to^vn, England, XXIV. 325.
— : — , Frederick, English painter, xxiv.
326.
, Sears Cook, American astronomer,
XXIV. 326.
, General William, filibuster, Nicar-
agua, XVII. 479.
Walkerite, mineral, xvi. 420.
Walker's Earth, fuller's earth, ix.
816.
Walking-Stick Insect, xiii. 152.
Wall, Great, of China, v. 63S, 644.
, Antonine's, Scotland, II. 139; IV.
353; XXL 471; XXIL 554.
, Hadrian's, England, XI. 364; XXI.
471.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, on natural
selection, VIII. 749, 764; on the races
of man, II. 1 14; on the Malayan race,
464
XV. 324! "" birds, xvni. 32; on the
fauna of New Guinea, XVII. 387.
Wallace, Sir William, Scottish patriot,
XXIV. 326; XX. 592; XXL 4S7; his
struggle against Edward I., \ IL 6S3;
VIIL 313.
, William, Scottish niathematician,
XXIV. 327.
Wallace's Line, Asia, 11. 6S4.
Wallachian Alphabet, i. 614.
Wallachian (or Roumanian) Lan-
guage, XXIV. 270; XX. 66S; diction-
aries of, VII. 186.
Wallacks, Vlaclis, or Walachians,
race of people, Europe, XXIV. 26S; in
Greece, Xi. 83.
Wallasey, town, England, xxiv. 328.
Walla Walla, town, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxi\.328; district,
XXIV. 3S6.
Wall-Creeper, bird, xxiii. 534.
Wall Decoration, xvii. 34; xxiii.
158. See JIural Decoration.
Wallenberg, Jakob, Swedish writer,
XXII. 756.
Wallenstadt, Lake, Switzerland,
xxiL 777.
Wallenstein, Schiller's drama, XXI.
397-
, Adalbert Euscbius von, German
general, x:;iv. 32S; III. 125; IX. 77;
X. 500; XI. 334.
Waller, Edmund, English politician
and poet, XXIV. 330; VIIL 418.
Wallin, Johau Olof, bishop of UpsaUi,
Swvdish hymn-writer, XXIL 757.
Wallis (Valais), canton, Switzerland,
XXII. 785.
, Lake, Kew South Wales, XVII.
408.
, John, English mathematician and
grammarian, XXIV. 331 ; on the
piithmetic of infinites, xill. 6; on
imaginary roots of quadratic equations,
XX. 161; on squaring the circle, X.XII.
435; his controversies with Hoblies,
XII. 36, 37; on 'Wright's navigation
tables, XVII, 225; on the teaching of
deaf-mutes, vil. 6.
, Samuel, explorer in Polynesia,
X. 1S9; discoverer of Tahiti, X.\.III.
24.
Wallons, or Walloons, people of South-
Eastern Belgium, xxiv. 332.
Wall-Papers, iv. 512; xvii. 38;
Japanese, xni. 591.
Walls, of Rome, XX. 8 1 2, 832.
, islands, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
Wallsend, town, England, xxiv. 333;
coal of, XVII. 566.
Wall Street, New York, xvii. 458.
Wall Tiles, xxiii. 3S9.
Walnut, tree and fruit, xxiv. 333; xii.
278; XVII. 664;. culture of the tree,
II. 318; in United States, XXIII. 808.
Walpole. Horace, English writer.
W A L— W A R
XXIV. ^23'i Chatterton's application to,
V. 448; his Walpoliana, i. 7S5.
Walpole, Sir Robert, English states-
man, XXIV. 335; VIIL 354; X. 422;
his measures of finance, ix. 184; his
relations with Townshend, XXIII. 492.
WalpurGIS, St, English abbess, XXIV.
337-
. • Oil, XXIV. 337.
W'aLPURGITE, mineral, XVI. 407.
Walrus, carnivorous mammal, xxiv.
337; XV. 443; tusks of, XIII. 523.
Oil, XVII. 744.
Walsall, town, England, xxiv. 33S.
Walsh, William, EngUsh poet, x.xiv.
338.
Walsingham, Norfolk, England, Riujis
at, XVII. 537.
, Sir Francis, English statesman,
XXIV. 338.
Walter of Essex, reputed author of
Guy of Warwick, XI. 341.
, Jakob Gottlieb, on the anatomy of
the nerves, i. 816.
, John, proprietor of The Times
newspaper, London, xvii. 417.
Printing Machine, .xxiii. 707.
\Valters, Lucy, mother of James, duke
of Monmouth, xvi. 755.
Waltham, town,-England, XXIV. 339.
Abbey, town, England, xxiv. 339;
gunpowder factory at, 11. 633.
Holy Cross, town, England,
XXIV. 339.
Walthamstow, to^^•n, England, X.XIV.
340.
Waltheof, Earl, English noble, VHI.
292; x.\iii. 476; XXIV. 575.
Walther, Bernhaid, German astio-
nomer, xxiv. 340; XX. 342; his obser-
vatory at Nuremberg, xvil. 709.
VON der Vogelweide, German
minnes;inger, xxiv. 340; X. 525.
Walton, or Walton-le-Dale, town, Eng-
land, XXIV. 341.
, or AValton-on-the-Hill, town, Eng-
land, XXIV. 341.
, Brian, bishop of Chester, xxi\'.
341; his Polvglott Bible, I. 497; III.
652.
, Izaak, author of Compleat Anglei,
XXIV. 342.
Wamahs, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, xiii.
822.
Wam.\s.\I, race 01 people. East Central
Africa, I. 263.
Wan-chow Fu, to\vn, China, xxiv.
342.
Wandering Jew, The, xiii. 673.
Wandering Jew, Eugene Sue's novel,
XXII. 619.
Wandsworth, district, London, xiv.
822, 833.
, Orders of, Presbyterian system,
in England, XIX. 686.
Wangarawa (llandingoes), African
tribe, XV. 475.
Wangen, lake-dwelling, Lake of Con-
stance, XIV. 223.
Wang Khan, Prester John (q.v.), xvi
745-
Wanjab, river, Turkestan, XViii. 103.
Wanks, river, Honduras, XII. 130.
Wansbeck, river, England, xvii. 565.
Wans Dyke, Wilts, England, xxiv.
594-
W'axstead, town, England, xxiv.
343-
Wan Wang, Chinese writer, v. 660.
Wanvoro, people, Central Africa, xxii;.
S59.
W'APENTAKE, English territorial divi-
sion, XII. 360.
Wapiti, kind of deer, vii. 24.
Wapplerite, mineral, XVI. 404.
War, XXIV. 343; English articles of,.
VI. 518; XVI. 296; use of balloons iu,
I. 199; influence of, on emigration,.
VIIL 173; international law of, XIII.
193; laws and usages of, Liebei''s code,.
XIV. 564; prizes of, XIX. 766; tactics-
in battles. III. 443.
Waracaba, bird, XXIII. 595.
Waran, lizard, xiv. 734.
W.a.r.\ngal, town, India, XXIV. 366.
W.ARASDIN (Varasd), frontier generalali-„
Austria, XVI. 295; town, XXIV. 6g.
WaraTAH, tree, New South Wales, XVII.
410.
War beck, Perkin, claimant of English
crown, VIIL 329; XI. 662; in Scotland^
XXI. 496; siege of Waterford by, XIII.
261.
Warbler, biid, xxiv. 366.
Warburton, Egerton, Australian ex-
plorer, III. 106.
, Eliot Bartholomew George, Irish
traveller and novelist, XXIV. 367.
, William, bishop of Gloucester^
controversialist, XXIV. 368.
Ward, in law, xiii. 2.
, Ann (Mrs Radcliffe), English
novelist, XX. 211.
, Edward Matthew, English painter,
XXIV. 369.
j'-aames, English jminter, XXIV. 369;.
XXL 441, 444; his defence of beards,
III. 464.
, Mrs, founder of the Jesuitesses, XVI.
713-
, Seth, his controvci-sies with
HobU's, XII. 36.
, AVilliam, English engi-aver, XXIV.
369.
W.\rd.4, George, Syriac hymn-writer,
XXII. 855.
War-Dances, vi. 799.
W.\RDHA, district, India, XXIV. 370.
W^ardley, Jane, leader of the Shakci-Sy
XXI. 736.
Ward of Court, in law, xjli. 2.
Wards and Liveries, Court of, xiw
• "S-
Ware, town, EngUnd, XXIV. 37a
W A R — W A T
465
Warendorp, Brim, burgomaster of
Liibeck, xv. 32.
Warens, Madame de, friend of Rous-
seau, XXI. 24.
Wargentin, p. AV., on the satellites of
Jupiter, II. 757.
Warham, William, arclibishop of
Canterbury, VIII. 414.
Waring, Miss (Varina), object of Dean
Swift's attentions, XXII. 765.
Warming, of hospitals, xii. 305.
Apparatus, xi. 590.
Warminster, town, England, xxiv.
370-
Warnefrid, father of Paul the Deacon,
xviii. 436.
, Paul (Paulus Diaconus, q.v.), XVIII.
436; his book of homilies, XII. 125.
Warner, William, EngUsh pastoral
poet, XVIII. 347.
Warnerius, or Imerius, Italian jurist,
XIII. 277.
Warner Observatory, at Rochester,
New York, U.S.A., xvil. 715.
Warp, in weaving, xxiv. 463; ancient,
XXIII. 206.
Warping, mode of irrigation, I. 406;
XIII. 367.
Warr, Peter de la, speaker of House of
Commons, XVIII. 306.
Warrandice, in Scots law, xxiv. 373.
Warrant, in law, xxiv. 371; for
arrest, II. 630.
Warranty, in law, xxiv. 372; of sale,
XXI. 208.
Warree, ungulate mammal, xviii. 449.
Warren, Mercy, American authoress,
I. 722.
, Samuel, English novelist, xxiv.
373.
, Dr Samuel, Wesleyan seceder,
XVI. 190.
Girders, for bridges, iv. 317.
Warrington, town, England, xxiv.
374-
Warringtonite, mineral, xvi. 402.
Wars, drug, xiii. 831.
WarSj^w, government, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 374.
, town, Poland, xxiv. 375; observa-
tory at, xvii. 714.
, Prince of (Ivan F. Paske^tch),
Russian general, xvill. 340.
W.^RS OF Grana'da, romance, XX. 659.
Wart, skin excrescence, xxiv. 377; j
XVIII. 378; xxil. 121.
W.i.RT.\, river, Russian Poland, XIX. 307.
Wartburg, fortress, Germany, VII.
790; Luther's detention at, xv. 75.
Hill, Germany, xxi. 349. .
Warthe, river, Germany, xvii. 724.
Wart-Hog, ungulate mammal, xxil.
774-
Warton, J oseph, English man of letters, (
XXIV. 377. I
, Thomas (1688-1745), professor of
poetry at Oxford, xxiv. 377 i
25—2.5
Warton (1728-1790), Thom.is, poet and
author of History of English Poetry,
XXIV. 378.
Warwick, county, England, xxiv. 378;
XXI. 737; coalfield of, VI. 50; town,
XXIV. 3S0.
, Countess-dowager of, Addison's
wife, I. 149.
, Richard Nevil, earl of, xxiv. 381;
VII. 685; VIII. 327, 328.
Castle, England, xxiv. 380.
Wasa, province of Finland, ix. 217.
Wasen, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 11.
Wash, The, bay, Lincolnshire, England,
XIV. 653.
Washburne, Mount, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 737.
Washburn Observatory, at Madison,
Wisconsin, U.S.A., xvii. 715.
Washing, Water for, xxiv. 399.
Washing-Machines, in bleaching, iii.
816.
Washing of Feet, Christian rite, xv.
635-
Washing Soda, xxii. 243.
Washington, seat of government,
United States, XXIV. 382; treaty of
(1871), xxiii. 782; in 1810, xxiii.
757; Capitol at, II. 454; libraries, xiv.
535> 551; naval observatory, XVII. 715;
telescope in observatory, XXIII. 150.
, Territory, U.S.A., XXIV. 3S5.
, George, first president of the United
States, XXIV. 387 ; commander-in-chief,
XXIII. 741; president, xxili. 752;
as author, I. 721.
, Mount, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
XVII. 390; XXIII. 792.
Islands, Marquesas group. Pacific,
XV. 564.
Washita, river, Louisiana, U.S.A., XV.
20.
Wash-Pumps, ore-dressers, xvi. 59.
Wasps, group of insects, xxiv. 391 ; xii.
577; XIII. 148; honey of, XII. 136.
, The, Aristophanes's comedy, II.
508.
Waste, in law, xxiv. 393.
L.\NDS, Improvement of, I. 402.
. OF Water, in cities, x.xiv. 410.
Weir, iv. 785; xxiv. 408.
Wasungen, town, Germany, XXI. 348.
Wa-Swahili, tribes, East Airica, xvii.
319-
Watauga, river, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
Settlements on, XXIII. 178.
Watch, timepiece, xxiv. 394.
Watchmaking, in Geneva, x. 148; in
Switzerland, XXII. 779; at Waltham,
U.S.A., xxrv. 339.
Watellen, mountain, Sahara, Africa,
XXL 149.
Water, xxiv. 398; boiling point of, at
different heights. III. 387; for brewing,
IV. 273; composition of, V. 483; de-
composition of, by galvanism, XVII.
487; density of, at different tempera-
tures, XI. 5S5; XII. 460; density o-',
in Pacific Ocean, xviii. 120; distilla-
tiou of, VII. 263; filtration, IX. 166;
hardness of, how remedied, v. 88; its
action on lead, xiv. 378; mechanics
of, XII. 435; its action on metals, xvi.
69; as a mineral, XVI. 385; movements
of, in the Baltic Sea, in. 296; refractive
power of, XIV. 591; resistance of, ex-
■ periments on, XXI. 810; its action on
rocks, X. 262, 267, 269; as medium of
sound, I. 107; velocity of sound in, I.
104; ordeal by, XVII. 820; of rivers,
rightsittjXX. 565; of the sea, XXI. 611;
XXIV. 398; Gay-Lussac on the com-
position of, X. 122; Thales's cosmic
theory of, XXIIL 219.
Beetles, vi. 126, 130.
Water-Bok, antelope, 11. loi.
Waterbury, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., XXIV. 400.
Water-Chambers, in ships, xxi. 814.
Water Chestnut, tree, xvii. 664.
WaTER-CLOSETS, XXL 716.
Water Colours, xix. 86; painting
in, XVIII. 139.
Water Cress, plant, xii. 289; xvii.
239-
Water-Crow, bird, xviil 75.
Water-Cure, or Hydropathy, XII. 542.
Water Engines, xil 519.
Waterford, county, Ireland, xxiv.
400.
, town, Ireland, XXIV. 401; news-
papers, xvii. 423.
Water Gauge, xii. 476.
W.\ter-Gl.ass, xxil 5;,
Water-Hen, bird, xvi. 808.
Water Hog, rodent m.iramal, v. 80.
Water in the Head, disease, xil. 431.
Waterland, Daniel, his controversy
mth Middleton, XVI. 282.
W.^terlanders, Dutch sect, XVI. 12.
Water-Lily, plant, xxiv. 402.
Waterloo, village, Belgium, x.xiv.
402; battle of (181 5), in. 444; VIIL
364; IX. 618; XVIL 224; XXIV. 497.
, to^vn, Iowa, U.S.A., xxiv. 402.
Lectures, Col. Chesne/s, v. 591.
Waterloo-with-Seaforth, town,
England, xxiv. 402.
Water-Marks, in paper, xviii. 218.
Water-Meadows, Irrigation of, XIII.
364. 367-
Watermen, Thames, xxi. 30.
W.wer Meters, xii. 505; xxiv. 410.
Water-Mole, monotreme mammal,
XIX. 213.
W.ater Motors, xii. 519.
Water-Newt, Great, amphibian, xxiii.
577.
Water-Ousel, bird, xviii. 75.
Water Pipes, Flow of water through,
XIL 484; trap for, XXI. 7J4.
Water Poet (John Taylor), XXIII. 95.
Water-Power, in mechanics, xv. 773;
XIL 519.
466
W A T— W E E
Waterproof Cloth, xii. 842.
Water-Rail, bird, xx. 223.
Water-Rat, rodent mammal, XXIV.
277-
Waters, Mineral, xvi. 431.
Water-Shrew, insectivorous mammal,
XXI. 844.
Waterspout, xvi. 130.
Water-supply, xxiv. 402; in rela-
tion to health, XII. 568.
Water-Thrush, bird, xix. 149.
Watertight Compartments, in
ships, xxr. 816.
WatertoNj Charles, English naturalist,
XXIV. 410.
, Edmund, his collection of rings,
XX. 561.
Watertown, tciT\-n, New York, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 410.
— i — , town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., XXIV. 411.
Watervliet, Shaker settlement,
U.S.A., XXI. 737.
Water Volcano (Volcano de Agua),
Central America, I. 420; XI. 239.
Water-Wav, of ship, XXI. 819.
Water-Wheels, XII. 43S, 522; Pon-
celot's improvements in, XIX. 452.
Water-Works, xxiv. 406; at Chicago,
v. 613; Glasgow, x. 642; London, XIV.
825; New York, XVIL 465; ancient
Olympia, XVII. 769; Paris. XVIII.
279. See also Aqueduct.
Watford, town, England, xxiv. 411.
Wathik billah, caliph, xvi. 585.
Watling Island, one of the Bahamas,
Atlantic, m. 237.
Watling Street, Roman road, Eng-
land, XIV. 39; XVII. 568.
Watson, Elkanah, his forecasts as to
population in U.S.A., xxui. 818.
, George, Scottish painter, X. 782.
, Richard, bishop of Llandaff, con-
troversialist, XXIV. 411.
, Robert Grant, on the races of
Persia, xviii. 627.
, Thomas, English pastoral Boet,
xviii. 346.
, Sir William, his electrical experi-
ments, VIII. 5.
Watt, James, inventor of feteam-engine,
XXIV. 412; XXII. 475; his diagram of
heat and work, XXIII. 284 ; on
parallel motion, XV. 697; his partner-
ship with Boulton, IV. 172.
, Robert, Scottish bibliographer, HI.
660.
Watteau, Antoine, French painter,
XXIV. 414.
Watteville, Montchr^tien de, French
economist, XIX. 357.
Watts, Isaac, English divine and
hymn-writer, XXIV. 415; hymns by,
XII. 593.
Wat Tvl'Er, leader of English peasants'
revolt, VIII. 319; XX. 541.
Wauwvl, lake-dwelling, Switzerland,
XIV. 223.
Wave, Waves, in physios, xxiv. 415;
of light, XIV. 603; of sound, I. 102;
tidal, XXIII. 372; action of, X. 284;
generation, height, and force of, XJ.
456; motion of, XII. 457; xv. 686;
effects of surface-tension on, V. 69;
velocity of, XII. 436.
Wave-Lengths, of spectrum lines,
XXII. 378.
Wavellite, mineral, xvi. 405; xviii.
818.
Wave-Making Resistance, Law of,
XXI. 810.
Wavenev, river, England, xxil. 621.
Waverley Abbey, Surrey, England,
XXII. 694.
Waverley Novels, Scott's, viii. 434;
XXI. 549.
Wavertre^ town, England, XX I v.
421.
Wave Theory of Light, xxiv. 421.
Wax, fatty solid, xxiv. 459; xvii. 739,
743; in plants, xil. 17; vegetable! of
Japan, XIII. 591; white, of China, v.
638; use of, in encaustic painting,
VIII. 186; beeswax. III. 486; bleaching
of Iweswax, III. 823.
, Sealing, XXI. 586.
Waxbill, bird, xxiv. 463.
Wax Candles, iv. 803.
Wax Figures, xxiv. 460.
Wax-Insects, China, v.. 634.
Waxmundska, mountain, Carpathians,
x. 25.
Waxwing, bird, xxiv. 460; migrations
of. III. 770.
Way, Right of, in law, XIX. 705.
Waymouth. Gtorge, Arctic explorer,
XIX. 317.
Waystract, Richard. Lollard nreacher,
XIV. 811.
Wazan, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
Wazir (\'izier), Moslem officer, XXIV.
268; XVI. 591.
Weald, district, Sussex, England, xxii.
723.
Wealdenberg (Saffron Walden),
ancient town, England, XXI. 146.
Wealden Rock, in geology, X. 357,
359-
Wealth, in economics, xxiv. 461 ; xi.\.
347> 384-
OF Nations, Adam Smith's
treatise, xix. 366; xxii. 170.
Weapons, of war, 11. 553; early use of,
VIII. 617; modern military, xxiv.
344-
Wear, river, England, xxil. 657.
Wearing Ship, xxi. 599.
Weasel, carnivorous mammal, xxiv.
462; XV. 440; XIX. 331.
Weather, xvi. 157; its influence on
mortality rates, HI. 36.
Weather-Book, Fitzro/s, ix. 272.
Weather Maps, xvi. 158.
Weaver, river, England, v. 589.
Weaver-Bird, xxiv. 462.
WEAViNC,xxiv.463;ancient,xxiiL206.'
Web, in weaving, xxiv. 463.
■ , Spider's, 11. 295.
Webb, F. W., his compoimd locomotive
engine, XXII. 521.
, Matthew, English champion
swimmer, XXII. 771.
WtBER. Aloysia, German vocalist, xvil.
10.
, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von,
German composer, XXIV. 467.
, Constance, wife of Mozart, xvii.
10.
, Ernst Heinrich, on the circulation
of the blood, xxiv. 97; his law of
psycho-physics, xxiv. 470; his theorj'
of reed-pipes, I. 115.
, Franz Anton von, German musi-
cian, XXIV. 467.
, Wilhelm, his contributions to the
science of electricity, viii. 10, 71; his
theory of the magnetic molecule, xv.
276.
Weber's Law, of psycho-physics, xxiv.
469.
Webster, Daniel, American statesman,
XXIV. 471; as orator, I. 722.
, John, English dramatist, XXIV.
473; VIL 432.
, Noah, American lexicographer,
XXIV. 474; I. 722.
, Thomas, English painter, XXIV.
474-
Weckherlin, Qeorg Rudolf, German
writer, X. 530.
Weddas (V'eddahs), people of Ceylon,
XXIV. 120.
Wedderburn, Alexander (Earl of
Rosslyn), lord chancellor of England,
XXIV. 475.
, John, Scottish hymn-writer, XII.
591; XXL 542.
, Robert, Scottish hymn-writer, xxi.
542.
Weddle's Method, of calculating
logarithms, XIV. 779.
Wedgwood, John, English potter, xix.
632.
, Josiah, English potter, xxiv. 476;
xi.x. 632.
, Mr, on photography, XVIII. 821.
Wednesbury, town, England, xxiv.
476.
Wee Davie, Norman Macleod's tale,
XV. 163.
Week, of seven days, iv. 664; days of
the, II. 740; astrological, XXI. 125.
Weeka, New Zealand bird, xvii. 723.
Weekly M.^gazines and Reviews,
XVIII. 536.
Weekly Register, Cobbetfs news-
paper, VI. 84; XVII. 419.
Weems, or Picts' Houses, II. 339.
Weert, Jan de, Dutch ^vriter, XII. tfx
Weever, fish, XXIV. 477.
Weevil, beetle, xxiv, 477; vi. 133; as
vine pest, XXIV. 238.
W E E — W E S
467
Weevil, Com, as wheat pest, xxiv. 536.
Weft, in weaving, xxiv. 463; ancient,
XXIII. 206.
Wegierski, Thomas Kajetan, Polish
satirist, XIX. 303.
Wegscmeider, Julius August Ludwig,
German theologian, XX. 290.
Weguelin, T. M., on the Bank of Eng-
land, III. 331.
Wehrlite, mineral, XVI. 381.
Weida, town, Germany, XXI. 349.
Weidenhausen, suhurb of Marburg,
Prussia, XV. 530.
Weigel, Valentin, German mystic,
XVII. 134,
Weighing Machines, hi. 261; xv.
771; XVI. 490; agricult\iral, I. 327.
Weight, Comparative, of bodies. Tables
of, XII. 541; of materials for bridge-
building, IV. 288.
Weight-Modulus, vii. 807.
Weights, Abbreviations of designations
of, I. 29.
AND Measures, xxiv. 478.
Weimar, town, Germany, xxiv. 491;
XXI. 349; Goethe's residence in, X.
727-
Weir, in hydraulics, XII. 474; waste,
IV. 785; XXIV. 40S; on rivers, XX. 573.
Weisenthal, Charles F., inventor of
sewing machine, XXI. 718.
Weishaupt, Adam, German mystic,
XII. 706.
Weiss, Bernard Siegfried, German ana-
tomist, I. 455.
, Christian Samuel, on crystals, vi.
674
Weissenberg (White Mountain), Bo-
hemia, Battle of (1620), III. 861; XXIV.
3:8.
, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 433.
Weissenfels, town, Prussia, xxiv. 491.
Weissenstein, mountain, Switzerland,
XXII. 250.
Weissgiltigerz, mineral, XVI. 395.
Weissite, mineral, xvi. 418.
Weiss-Kunig, poetical autobiography,
planned by emperor Maximilian I.,
XV. 644.
Weka, or Weeka, New Zealand bird,
xvii. 723.
Weldon Range-Finder, xxiii. 126.
Weld-Seed Oil, xvii. 744.
Welhaven, Johann Sebastian Cam-
mermejer, Norwegian poet and critic,
xvii. 591.
Weliz, town, Russia, xxiv. 137.
Welland, river, England, XIV. 654;
xvii. 555; XXI. 114.
Canal, Canada, xxi. 179.
Welleslev, Richard Wesley, marquis
of, English politician, XXIV. 491;
governor-general of India, XII. 804.
, Henry, his Anthologia Polyglotta,
II. 105.
Province, Straita Settlements,
XXII. 586.
Wellingborough, town, England,
XXIV. 492; XVII. 556.
Wellington, town, Shropshire, Eng-
land, XXIV. 493.
, to^vn, Somerset, England, xxiv.
493-
, town, New Zealand, XXIV. 493.
, Lake, Victoria, Australia, XXIV.
216.
— , Arthur WeUesley, duke of, Eng-
lish general and statesman, XXI v. 493;
in battle. III. 444; British army under,
H. 571; in India, XII. 804; in Portu-
gal, XIX. 551; his campaigns in Spain,
XXII. 344; his relations with Sir
Robert Peel, XVIII. 455; his victories,
viiL 364; at Waterloo, xvil. 224.
Wellingtonia, genus of trees, xxi.
674; culture of, II. 319.
Wellington Island, Patagonia, xviii.
352-
Wells, for water-supply, XXIV. 404.
, town, England, XXIV. 499; sculp-
tures in cathedral, XXI. 558.
, William Charles, English physi-
cian, XV. 816.
Wels, fish, XXII. 67.
Welsh, the name, vin. 269; xxi v. 268.
, Mr, his balloon ascents, J. 195.
- — Bards, hi. 370; v. 318; vii. 791.
Calvinistic Methodists, xvi.
193-
Cattle, i. 389.
Language, v. 298; dictiohariea of,
VII. 188.
Law Code, xxi. 216.
Literature, v. 314.
Mortgage, in law, iv. 254.
Poetry, viii. 408.
Welshpool, town, Wales, xxiv. 500.
Wen, disease, XVIII. 380.
Wenceslaus, German king and king
of Bohemia, xxiv. 500; X. 495.
, king of Poland, XIX. 288.
Wendish Language, xxii. 153; dic-
tionaries of, VIL 188.
Wendish Switzerland, district, Rus-
sia, XXI. 72.
Wends, Slavonic people, XXI. 353;
xxiL 145, 147.
Wenoroff, town, Russian Poland,
xxiL 37.
Wenham's Aero-Planes, for flying
machines, IX. 322.
Wenham's Parabolic Illuminator,
XVI. 272, 273.
Wenlock, town, England, XXIV. 501;
abbey at, I. 1 5.
Went\vorth, Charles Watson, marquis
of Rockingham, XX. 615
, Thomas, earl of Strafford, English
statesman, XXIL 584; VIII. 347.
Wenzel, of Olmutz, German engraver,
VII. 556.
, Karl Friedrich, German metal-
lurgist, XXIV. 501 ; on chemical equi-
valents, V. 463.
Werdau, town, Saxony, xxiv. 501.
Were-Wolf, object of superstitious
belief, XV. 89.
Wergeland, Henrik Arnold, Nor-
wegian poet and dramatist, xvii.
590.
Werner, Abraham Gottlob, German
geologist, XXIV. 502.
, Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias, Ger-
man poet, XXIV. 502; X. 543.
, Johann, of Nuremberg, on naviga-
tion, XVII. 251, 256.
of Neustadt, hia encaustic process,
VIII. 186.
Wernicke, Christian, German writer,
X. 532.
Wernigerode, town, Prussia, XXIV.
502.
Werra, river, Germany, xxiv. 503.
Werther, Goethe's work, X. 538, 725.
Wesel, town, Prussia, XXIV. 502.
, John Kuchrath, German humanist,
XXIV. 503.
Weser, river, Germany, xxiv. 503; x.
449.
Wesley, Charles (1708-1788), English
evangelist and hymn-writer, XXIV.
504; hj-mns by, XII. 594.
— , Charles (1757-1815), English
organist and composer, XXIV. 504.
, John, founder of Methodism, XXIV.
504; VIII. 355; hymns by, XII. 594;
his relation to Methodism, XVI. 185;
Spangenberg's relations with, XXII.
368; Whitefield's, XXIV. 551.
, Samuel (1662-1735), English theo-
logian and poet, xxiv. 503.
, Samuel (1690-1739), English poli-
tical critic and teacher, XXIV. 503.
, Samuel (1766-1837), English
musical composer, XXIV. 504.
Wesleyan Methodism, xvi. 186;
XXIV. 504; rise of, viii. 355.
Wesleyan Reform Union, xvi. 193.
Wessel (Wesselus Gansfortius), Ger-
man humanist, xxiv. 504; XX. 325.
, J. H., Norse writer, vn. 91; xvii.
590.
Wesselenyi, Baron Nicholas, Hun-
garian leader, XII. 371.
Wessex, kingdom, England, VIII. 270,
282, 284; under Alfred vhe Great, I.
506.
West, Benjamin, American painter,
XXIV. 505.
Westall, Richard, English painter,
XXIV. 506.
West Bay City, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 506.
West Bromwich, town, England,
XXIV. 506.
Westbrook, Harriet, wife of the poet
SheUey, XXI. 790.
Westbury, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, xxiv. 506.
West Chester, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXIV. 506; xviii. 499.
468
vVest Derby, town, England, xxiv.
506.
Westerland, town, Sylt, Sclileswig,
xxii. 810.
Western Australia, xxiv. 507 ;
mines in, XVI. 471.
Western Bank, Scotland, ni. 335.
West Ham, town, England, xxiv.
509.
West Hartlepool, town, England,
XI. 497.
West Houghton, town, England,
XXIV. 509.
West-Indian, The, comedy, by Cum-
berland, VI. 704.
West Indies, or West India Islands,
XXIV. 509; I. 714; birds of. III. 748;
XVin. 16; buccaneers, IV. 40S; pro-
portion of coloured population, XVIl.
320; Edwards's History of, VII. 688.
Westinghouse Brake, on railway
carriages, XX. 249.
Westmacott, Sir Eicliard. English
sculptor, XXIV. 512.
Westmeath county, Ireland, xxiv.
512.
Westminster, district of London,
XIV. 821; St Peter's school at, xiv.
835.
Abbey, 1. 14 ; xiv. 837, 843;
architecture of, 11. 427; Henry VII.'s
tomb in, XXIII. 453; scidptures in,
XXI. 558; under Dean Stanley, XXII.
452.
Assembly (1643), xix. 687.
Clock, vi. 34.
Confession of Faith, v. 565.
Election (1784), ix. 497.
Hall, Roof of, xxiv. 647.
Palace, London, xiv. 838.
Westmorland, county, England,
XXIV. 513.
Weston, Sir Hichard, on husbandry,
I. 297.
Weston-super-Mare, town, England,
XXIV. 516.
West-ostlicher Divan, Goethe's
poems, X. 540, 735.
Westphalia, circle and duchy, xxiv.
517; congress of (1645), III. 26S; VI.
269 peaceof (164S), III. 126; IX. 571;
X. 01; XV. 652.
, kingdom, XXIV. 517.
, pro\Tnce, Prussia, XXIV. 516.
Westphal's Comet, vl 193.
West Point, inilitafy academy. New
York, U.S.A., xxiv. 517; u. 619;
XH. 331.
Westport, town, Ireland, XV. 650.
West Prussia, or 'Westpreussen, pro-
vince, Prussia, XX. 20.
Westray, island, Orkney, Scotland,
XVIl. 846.
Westrop, Henry, English symphonist,
XVII. 97-
West Troy, town, New York, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 517.
W E S — W H I
West Virginia, State, U.S.A., xxiv.
517; mineral springs of, xvi. 436.
Westward Ho! C. Kingsleys novel,
XIV. 89.
Wet-Bulb Thermometer, vii. 218.
Wetstein, John Jacob, Swiss Biblical
critic, XXIV. 520.
Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecbt de,
German theologian, VII. 144; XVin.
505; XX. 290.
Wetzlar, district, Rhenish Prussia,
XX. 20.
Wexford, county, Ireland, xxiv. 521;
town, XXIV. 522.
Wexionius, Olof, Swedish poet. xxii.
755-
Weyden, Roger van der (c. 1400-64),
Flemish painter, XXI. 439, 443 ; his
connexion with Memliug, XV. 846.
, Roger van der (1450-1529),
Flemish painter, XXI. 439, 443.
Weymouth, tovm, England, xxiv.
r22.
Pine, tree, xix. 105.
Weyprecht, Karl, Arctic explorations
of, XIX. 323, 326.
Weyse, Christoph, Danish musical com-
poser, VII. 94.
Whale, cetacean mammal, xxiv. 523;
XV. 394; distribution of whales, vil.
280; extermination ot, xix. 126; food
of, VI. 664; sense of touch in, xxm.
479-
Whalebone, xxiv. 528 ; xv. 394 ;
XXII. 108.
Whale Fisheries, xxiv. 526.
Whale Oils, xxiv. 529; xvii. 744.
Whalsay, island, Shetland, Scotland,
XVII. 846.
Wharf, or Quay, XI. 455.
Wharton, Marquises of, xxiv. 529.
, Thomas, English anatomist, l.
811.
Whately, Richard, archbishop ©f
' Dublin, XXIV. 1:29: on rhetoric, XX.
515-
Whaup, bird, VI. 711.
Wheat, plant and grain, XXIV. 531;
XI. 57; cultivation of, I. 354; flour
from, III. 251; IX. 346; experiments
on, with different manures, XV. 507;
price of, influenced by corn laws, VI.
409; starch from, xxii. 456; variation
in, efl'ected by climate, I. 85, 86; aver-
age yield of, I. 413; of India, XII. 747.
WhEATEAR, bird, XXIV. 536.
Wheat Flour, hi. 251; ix. 346.
Wheatley; Francis, English painter,
XXIV. 537.
, PhiUis, American authoress. I.
722.
Wheat-Midge (Hessian Fly), insect,
XL 781; XXIV. 5-35.
Wheaton, Henry, American jurist,
XXIV. 537.
Wheat Pests, xxiv. 534.
Wheat Starch, xxii. 456.
Wheatstone, Sir Charle?, English
physicist, XXIV. 537 ; his electric
bridge, VIII. 13; XXIII. 116; his.
magic lyre experiment, XXIII. 127;
invention of stereoscope by, xxil.
538; his telegraphic apparatus, xxill.
113, 120.
Wheeler, WUliam A., ^vice-president
of the United States, XXIII. 790. .
Wheeling, town. West Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 53S.
Wheel-Maps, xv. 518.
Wheels, xv. 755 ; of clocks, vi. 32 ;
of railway rolling stock, XX. 245, 247;
over-balancing, perpetual-motion at-
tempts with, XVIII. 554.
Wheel-Stones, xv. 528.
Wheenerd, bii-d, XX. 318.
Whelk, moUusc, xvi. 646; fishery, ix.
265.
Whernside, mountain, England, xxiV.
746.
Wherry, boat, xxi. 30.
Whetstone, xii. 134.
Whew, Whewer, bird, xxiv. 561.
Whewell, WUliaiu, English philo-
sopher, XXIV. 539; his anemometer,
U. 25; ethics ot, VIII. 605.
Whewellite, mineral, xvi. 428.
Whey, of mUk, xvi. J04; composition
of, V. -455.
Whiggamore Raid, Scotland, XX'.
514.
Whigs, political party, in Englar.i
XXIV. 540 ; VIII. 350, 353, 359, 361 ,
in United States, xxill. 757, 764.
Whimbrel, bird, vi. 711.
Whin, shrub, ix. 851; as forage plant,
I. 378.
Whindle, bird, XX. 318.
Whipple, Edwin Percy, American critic,
I. 724.
Whip- Poor-Will, bird, x. 711.
Whip Snake, xxii. 195.
Whip- Worm, parasite, xxiv. 206; dis-
ease caused by, XVIII. 270.
Whirlpool, xxiv. 540.
Whirlwind, xvl 129; of Egypt, vii.
703.
Whiskey-Jack, bird, xiii. 611.
Whisky, or Whiskey, distilled spirit,
XXIV. 542 ; pathological eftects of,
xviu. 407; distillation of, VII. 264;
distillation in Ireland, XIII. 233.
Whist, card game, xxiv. 543.
Whiston, WUliaiu, English divine and
mathematician, xxiv. 548; his method
for finding longitude, xvil. 257; vil.
291; his magnetic experiments, xv.
236.
Whist-Playing Automaton, xv. 210.
Whitbourne, Captain Richard, gover-
nor, Newfoundland, XVII. 385.
Whitby, town, England, xxiv. 548 ;
monastery of, xi. 813.
Whitchurch, town, England, xxi. 848.
White, Pigments of, xix. 86.
W H I — W I L
469
White, Benjamin, English naturalist
publisher, xxiv. 549.
, Gilbert, English naturalist, Jtxiv.
549; on biMs, XVIII. 9.
, Henry, English meteorologist,
XXIV. 549.
, John, English naturalist, xxiv.
549-
, Joseph Blanco, author, xxiv. 550.
, Robert, English engraver, XXIV.
550.
, Tliomas, English scientist, xxiv.
549-
Ants, insects, i. 260; xiii. 146,
152.
Whitebait, fish, xxiv. 550; fishery,
IX. 255.
Whiteboy Society, Ireland, xiii. 270.
White Canons, or Prienionstratensians
(q.v.), monastic order, I. 20.
White Cart, river, Scotland, XX.
595-
White Doe of Rvlstonk, Words-
worth's poem, XXIV. 676.
White-Eye, bird, xxiv. 824.
Whitefield, to\vn, England, XXIV.
551-
, George, English preacher, XXIV.
551; VIII. 355; xvii. 376.
Whitefish, XXIV. 552.
Whitehall, Government ofiices, Lon-
don, XIV. 839, 847.
•= — Banqueting House, ii. 443.
Whitehaven, town, England, xxiv.
552.
Whitehead, bird, xviii. 52.
Torpedo, xxiii. 450; xvii. 285.
White Horde, of Mongols, xvi. 747.
White Horse Hill, Berkshire, Eng-
land, III. 593.
White Horse Vale, England, Stone
alignments in, XXI. 51.
White House, Washington, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 3S4.
Whitehurst, Mr, his hydraulic ram,
IV. 173.
White Le.ad, xiv. 378.
White Leg, disease, xxil. 684.
White Light, xiv. 596, 607.
Whitelock, General, Capitulation of,
at Buenos Ayres, II. 490.
Whitelocke, Bulstrode, English
Commonwealth politician, XXIV. 552.
White Magic, xv. 207.
White Mountains, New Hampshire,
U.S.A. xvii. 390; XXIII. 792.
White Pine, tree, xix. 105.
White Plains, New York, Provincial
congress at (1776), XVII. 455.
White Rock, form of basalt,"X. 311.
White Sea, Russia, xxi. 67, 72, 73;
fisheries in, xxi. 582.
White's Tackle, in mechanics, xv.
763.
White Sulphur Springs, Virginia,
U.S.A., XVI. 436.
White Swelling, disease, xviii. 405.
WHITETHROAT, bild, XXIV. 553.
White Trap, rock, x. 31 1.
Whitfield, or Whitefield (y.f.), George,
English preacher, XXIV. 551.
, John Clarke, English organist and
musical composer, XXIV. 553.
Whitgift, John, archbisljop of Canter-
bury, XXIV. 554; VIII. 377.
Whithopn, town, Scotland, XVII. 513;
XXIV. 563; monastery of, XVI. 706.
Whiting, fish, xxiv. 554; xii. 691.
, abbot of Glastonbury, England, I.
24.
Whiting-Pout, fish, xix. 650.
Whitlow, disease, xxiv. 554.
Whitman, Marcus, colonizer in Oregon,
U.S.A., xviL 825.
, Walt, American poet, I. 733.
Whitney, William Dwight, on classifi-
cation of religions, xx. 365; on lan-
guages of American Indians, i. 689.
Whitneyite, mineral, xvi. 393.
Whitstable, town, England, xxiv.
555-
Whitsunday, xxiv. 555; xv. 648.
Whitsuntide, in England, in time of
Shakespeare, xxi. 750.
Whittaker, James, Shaker leader,
XXI. 737.
Whittier, John Greenleaf, American
poet, I. 734.
Whittington, to\vn, England, xxiv.
555-
, Sir Richard, lord mayor of Lon-
don, XXIV. 555.
and his Cat, Legend of, XXIV.
556.
Whittlesea Mere, England. Drainage
of, IV. 728.
Whit worth, town, England, xxiv.
556.
, Sir Joseph, his experiments on
projectiles, I. 745.
Whooper, bird, XXII. 731.
Whooping-COUGH, disease, XII. 154.
Whorl, spinning apparatus, XIV. 664.
Whortleberry, shrub, xxiv. 556.
Why come not ye to Court ? Skel-
ton's song, XXII. 120.
Whydah, town, Dahomey, Africa, Vi.
765.
Whymper, Edward, his expeaition to
Greenland, XIX. 324.
Whytock, Richard, his carpet-weaving
process, v. 130.
Wibert of Ravenna (Clement III.,
antipope), XI. 255.
WlBORG, province, Finland, IX. 217;
town, XXIV. 209.
Wiche's Land, island, Spitzbcrgen,
XXII. 408.
Wichita, to\vn, Kansas, U.S.A., xxiv.
556.
Wick, of candle, I v. 803; of lamp,
XIV. 245.
, town, Scotland, XXIV. 556.
WiCKER-WORK, III. 421.
WiCKLIFFE, or Wyclifl'e (q.v.), John
English Reformer, XXIV. 708.
Wickliffe's Bible, viii. 383.
Wicklow, county and town, Ireland,
XXIV. 557.
Wicksteed, J. H., his single-lever test-
ing machine, XXII. 596.
WIDALIN, John, Icelandic- bishop, XII.
626.
WiDDiN, to\vn, Bulgaria, xxiv. 558.
Wide-Awake, bird, xxin. 189.
Widgeon, bird, vii. 506.
WiDiN, or Widdin, town, Bulgaria,
xxiv. 558.
Widmannstatten Figures, on
meteoric irons, xvi. 113.
WiDNES, town, England, xxiv. 558.
Widow, Marriage of, among Jews, xxi.
Widow-Bird, xxiv. 463.
Widow's Quarantine, in law, xx.
158.
WiED, Counts of, Rhenish Prussia,
xvii. 366.
Wiedemann, Gvistav Heinrich, his
magnetic researches, XV. 253.
WiELAND, in German mythology, xi.
679.
, novel by C. B. Brown, IV. 383.
, Christopher Martin, German man
oi letters, xxiv. 558; x. 535; as
translator of Shakespeare, Vll. 442.
Wieliczka, Poland, Salt-mine at, xxi.
230.
Wien (Vienna, q.v.), XXIV. 219.
, liver, Austria, XXIV. 219.
Wiener-Neustadt, town, Austria,
XVII. 365.
WiEPRZ, river, Poland, xix. 307.
Wierzbolowo, to^vn, Russian Poland,
XXII. 72S.
Wierz-Yarvi, lake, Russia, XIV. 724.
Wiesbaden, district, Germany, xvil.
238.
, town, Germany, xxiv. 559;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
Wieselgren, Per, Swedish historian,
XXII. 758.
Wife, Wives, Laws reliting to, xii.
400; XV. 565; XXIV. 637.
Wig, of artificial hair, xx:.v. 560.
Wigan, to'rni, England, XXIV. 560.
Wigeon, bird, XXIV. 561.
Wight, Isle of, England, xxiv. 561.
Wigry, lake, Russian Poland, XIX.
308.
Wigtown, count}-, Scotland, xxiv. 562;
town, xxiv. 563.
Wilberforce, Samu'21, bishop of
Oxford, XXIV. 564.
, William, English philanthropist,
XXIV. 565; his opposition to the slave
trade, XXII. 139.
Wilczek Land, Polar Regions, Dis-
covery of, XIX. 324.
Wildalle, Giuseppe Pinetti de, Italian
conjurer, XV. 208.
470
W I L — W I L
WiLDBAD, Salzburg, Austria, Mineral
springs at, X. 107.
, town, Wiirtemberg, xxiv. 565;
mineral water of, xvi. 433.
Wild Cattle, v. 245; xi. 411; xvil
566.
Wild Duck, vil 505
Wilde, Richard H., American writer,
I- 723-
WiLDEGG, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 434.
Wildfire, or Summer Lightning, xxiii.
330-
Wild Huntsman, legend, xiii. 674.
Wildspitz, mountain, Tyrol, I. 629.
, mountain, Switzerland, xxiv. 826.
WiLDUNGEN, spa, Germany, XXIV. 321 ;
XVI. 433.
Wilfrid, archbishop of York, xxiv.
565; xvii. 569.
Wilhelm of Herle, German painter,
XXI. 438, 443.
Meister, Goethe's work, X. 732.
Wilhelmshaven, or Wilhelmshafen,
town, Germany, XXIV. 566; XVII. 757;
observatory at, XVII. 713.
WiLHELMSHOHE, palace, Cassel, Ger-
many, V. 183.
WiLHELMSTHAL, Trussia, Battle of
(1762), III. 129.
WiLHELM Tell, Schiller's drama, xxi.
398
WiLiBALD .\lexi3 (Wilhilm Hiiring),
German novelist, XI. 479.
Wilk.es, John, English politician, XXIV.
566; VIIL 358; xxiii. 444.
WiLKESBARRE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXIV. 56S
WILKIE, Sir David, Scottish painter,
XXIV. 568.
WILKINS, Bishop John, author of Mathe-
matical Magic, XVIII. 554.
WILKOMIERZ, town, Russia, XXIV. 226.
Will, or Testament, in law, XXIV. 570;
in Roman law, XX. 674, 691, 706,
713-
, in Schopenliauer's philosophy,
XVIII. 6S7; XXI. 453, 457; his work.
The World as Will and Idea, XVIII.
687; XXI. 450.
, Freedom of the, views of moralists
on the, vm. 608; Cousin's doctrine, VI.
525; Descartes' 3, V. 146; Edwards's, VII.
690; Epictetus's, VIII. 471; Hobbes's,
XII. 36; Kant's, XIIL 853; XVI. 84;
Leibnitz's, xiv. 422 ; Malobranche's,
V. 150; Spencer's, XXI. 457; Spinoza's,
v. 158; St Paul's, xvill. 427.
WILLAMETTE, river, Oregon, U.S.A.,
XVII. 822.
WiLLAN, Robert, English physician, XV.
S16.
WiLLEHALM, Wolfram's legendary
history, XXIV. 632.
WiLLEMiTE, mineral, XVI. 410; XXIV.
785.
WiLLEM THE Minstrel, Duteb writer,
XII. 90.
Willenhall, town, England, xxiv.
574-
VVILLESDEN, town, England, XXIV. 574.
William 1., the Conqueror, king of
England, xxiv. 574; Vlll. 289, 291,
301; XVII. 542; his Domesday Book,
vu. 349; his relation to the English
Church, XIV. 283.
II., Rufus, of England, XXIV. 576;
VIII. 292, 301; his contest with the
popedom, II. 91.
IIL, of England, XXIV. 578; VIII.
351 ; XII. 81 ; his war with France, IX.
576; his relations with Ireland, xill.
268; with Scotland, XXI. 517; with
Spain, XXII. 335.
IV., of England, XXIV. 580; VIII.
365.
IV., landgrave of Hesse, xxiv.
582.
I., count of Holland, XII. 71.
II., count of Holland, and German
king, XXIV. 584; X. 491; XII. 71.
III.-VI., of Holland, Xll. 72.
I., the Silent, prince of Orange,
regent of Holland, XXIV. 5S2; XII.
76.
II., stadtholder of Holland, XII.
79-
III., stadtholder of Holland, xil.
81.
IV., stadtholder of Holland, XII.
82.
v., stadtholder of Holland, XII. 82.
I., king of Holland, xxiv. 584;
XII. 83.
II. -III., kings of Holland, XII. 83.
IX., count of Poitiers, Provencal
poet, XIX. 872.
I., king of Prussia and German
emperor, XXIV. 581; XX. 12; X. 513.
, the Lion, king of Scotland, XXI.
484; I. 487.
, king of Sicily, XXII. 26.
of Auvergne, scholastic philoso-
pher, XXI. 427.
of ChamiJeaux, scholastic philoso-
pher, III. 602; XXL 422
of Cologne, German painter, xxi.
438, 443.
of Lambert^in, bishoit of St
Andrews, XX. 593.
of Lorris, French romancist, xxiv.
584; IX. 643.
of Malraesbury, historical writer,
XV. 336.
of Newburgh, English chronicler,
XXIV. 585.
of Occam, scholastic philosopher,
XXI. 430; on the idea of God, XXIII.
241.
of Rubruk (Rubruquis, q.v.),
Franciscan traveller, XXI. 46.
of Saint-Calais, bishop of Durham,
XXIV. 577.
of Saliceto, Italian eurgeon, xxil.
675, I
William of Tyre, mediioval historian,
xxiv. 584.
.of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester,
and chancellor of England, xxiv. 585.
AND Mary College, Virginia,
U.S.A., XXIII. 732.
DE Ch.\rtres, grand-master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. r62.
FiTZ OSBERT, leader of a revolt
in London, vm. 305.
LONGSWORD, duke of Normandy,
XVII. 540.
Williams, Edward, on Welsh literature,
V. 314.
, Frederick G., Mormon leader, XVl.
826.
, John, English missionary, XXIV.
586.
, Lieutenant, friend of Shelley, xxi.
792.
, Roger, American colonist and
Puritan pastor, xxiv. 586; founder of
Rhode Island settlement, XX. 524;
foimder of Baptists in America, III.
356.
, Sir William Fenwick, English
general, xiv. 6.
, Mount, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
2:5.
Williamsburg, to\ni, Virginia, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 261.
Canals, St Lawrence, Canada,
XXL 181.
Williamson, Jo.seph, English news-
letter writer, xvii. 414.
, Peter, founder of penny post in
Edinburgh, XIX. 566.
WILLIAMSPORT, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., XXIV. 5S7.
Williamstown, Massachiisett.0, U.S.A.,
Observatory at, xvii. 715.
, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
Australia, XV. 835.
WlLLlBRORD, St, aiio.'tle of the Frisian.",
XXIV. 5S7; IX. 78S.
WILLIMANTIC, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., XXIV. 587.
Willis, John, English stenographei'^
XXI. 836, 837.
, Kathaniel Parker, American
writer, XXIV. 5S7; I. 727.
, Thomas, English physician, XXIV.
5S8, 815; I. 811; XV. 811.
WILLISTON, Samuel, button manu-
facturer, IV. 599.
WiLLMORE, James Tibbits, English
engraver, XXIV. 588.
WiLLOCK, bird, XI. 262; XX. 302.
WiLL-o'-THE-Wisp, or Ignis Fatuus,
XVIII. 813.
WiLLOUGHBY, Lord, governor of
Barbados, ill. 360.
, Sir Hugh, English navigator, x.
183; XIX. 316.
Willow, tree, x.xiv. 588; culture of, II.
318; for wicker-work. III. 422; bark
oi, for tanning, xiv. 382
W I L — W I S
471
Wills, 'Williain John, Australian ex-
plorer, III. 1 06.
WiLLUGHBY, Francis, English natural-
ist, XXIV. 5S9; on birds, xvin. 4; on
ichthj-olog}', xn. 631.
Wilmington, town, Delaware, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 589.
, town, Xorth Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 589.
WiLMOT, John, earl of Rochester, Eng-
lish poet, XX. 614.
Proviso, in United States history,
XXIII. 768.
WiLNO, or Vilna, government, Russia,
XXIV. 233; to\\-n, XXIV. 234.
Wilson, Alexander, Scottish-American
naturalist, xxiv. 590; on American
ornithology, xvill. 16.
, Dr Alexander, on sun-snots, II.
785.
, Allan R., improver of sewing
machine, XXI. 719.
, Florence (Volusenus), Scottish
humanist, XXIV. 296; XXI. 541.
, Henry, vice-president of the United
States, XXIV. 590.
, Horace Hayman, English Orien-
talist, XXIV. 590.
, James, American judge, xxill.
748.
, James, Scottish naturalist, XXIV.
591; on ornithology, XVlii. 13.
, John, Scottish man of letters, XXIV.
591-
, John, of Ainsworth, his improve-
ments in cotton manufacture, VI. 489.
, Richard, English painter, XXIV.
593; XXI. 441, 444.
, William, Scottish Seceder, xxili.
728.
Wilson's Peak, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxiii. 796.
Wilson's Promontory, Victoria, Aus-
tralia, xxiv. 215.
Wilton, town, England, xxiv. 595.
CARPETS, V. 130.
Wilts, county, England, xxiv. 593.
Wimble, mining implement, xvi. 443.
Wimbledon, town, Surrey, xxiv. 595.
Common, near London, xiv. 824;
rifle meetings on, xxiv. 295.
Wimborne Minster, town, England,
XXIV. 595; VII 372.
Winceby, England, Battle of (1643),
VI. 599.
Winchcombe, John (Jack of Newbury),
English weaver, XVil. 375.
WiNCHELSEA, town, England, XXII.
724.
Winchester, town, England, xxiv.
596; architecture of cathedral, II. 426,
428; crypt of cathedral, VI. 668; Saxon
standards of measure kept at, XXIV.
483.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv.
597-
COLLEGE, England, xxiv. 586, 596.
Winchester Observatory, at Yale
College, Connecticut, U.S.A., xvii.
715-
WiNCKELMANN, Johann Joachim, Ger-
man archa>ologist, xxiv. 597; 11. 344;
X. 535; on plastic beauty, i. 219; his
system of mnemonics, XVI. 533.
Wind, Winds, xvi. 143, 154, 180; re-
lation of, to climate, VI. 6; force of,
XVL 124; geological action of, X. 265;
Buys-Ballot's law of the winds, III. jg;
measurer of force of, IK 24; in navi-
gation, XVII. 275; Kant on theories of,
XIII. 847.
Wind-Carriage, Invention of, hy
Stevinus, XXII. 545
Wind Dogs, in meteorology, xi. 399.
Windermere, Lake, Engknd, xiv.
252; XXIV. 513.
Windham, Sir William, Bolingbroke's
letter to, iv. 6.
, William, English politician, XXIV.
598.
Windhover, bird, xiv. 53.
Winding Machinery, in mines, xvi.
456.
Windlass, iv. 621 ; differential, xv.
763; Spanish, XXI. 591.
Windmill, xxiv. 599; xv. 773.
Windows, in building, iv. 493, 496;
glass for, X. 660; stained, manu-
facture of, X. 668 ; tracery on, iv.
475; ventilation by, XXIV. 160.
Windpipe, or Trachea, XX. 475 ; of
mammals, XV. 365.
Windrush, river, England, xviii. 93;
xxiii. 220.
Windsor, town, England, xxiv. 600;
libraries, XIV. 545; tapestry manufac-
ture, XXIII. 213.
, town, Ontario, Canada, VII. 133.
, town, Nova Scotia, xvii. 603.
Castle, England, xxiv. 601 ; organ
of St George's Chapel at, xvii. 835, S37.
Forest, Pope's poem, xix. 484.
Windward Islands, West Indies,
XXIV. 510; III. 749.
Wine, xxiv. 601; adulterations of, I.
173; fermenti.tion of, IX. 92, 97;
Canary, IV. 757 ; Catawba, V. 219;
production in Europe, VIII. 691; pro-
duction in Italy, XIII. 45 1 ; of Madeira,
XV. 178; the industry in Spain, XXIL
299 ; of Wiirtemberg, XXIV. 700 ;
sacramental, XXL 134; XXIII. 159.
TONNERS, English trading com-'
pany, i. 173.
WiNFRID (St Boniface), apostle of Ger-
many, IV. 33; X. 478; as papal legate,
XIX. 494.
Wings, of birds, iii. 720; ix. 308; of
Chiroptera, XV. 405; of insects, XIII.
144; IX. 310.
WiNiLis, Scandinavian tribe, XIV. 813.
WINKELRIED, Arnold von. Legend of,
XXIV. 612.
WiNKLER, friend of Lessing, XIV. 480.
WiNNEBAGOES, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 832.
WiNNECKE, Friedrich August Theodor,
astronomer, xviii. 24S; his comet, vi.
192.
WiNNEMUCCA, Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.,
XVII. 367.
Winnipeg, town, Manitoba, Canada,
xxiv. 613; xv. 491; xx. 315.
Winnowing Machines, l 326.
Winona, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 613.
WiNSLOW, Edward, Mayflower pilgrim,
XXIV. 613.
, Jacques, anatomist, I. 814.
Winter, Peter, German dramatic com-
poser, XXIV. 614.
Winterberg, plateau, Westphalia,
Germany, XXIV. 516.
Winter- Berry, tree, u. 320.
Winterthur, tow-n, Switzerland,
XXIV. 614; its relations with Zurich,
XXIV. 831.
Winther, Christian, Danish writer,
VII. 92.
WiNTHROP, John (1587-1649), Puritan,
governor of Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 614; IV. 72.
, John (1606- 1 676), Puritan, gover-
nor of Connecticut, U.S.A., xxiv.
614.
— ^, Theodore, Americf.n writer, T,
727.
WiNTON, or Wjmtoun, Andrew, Scot-
tish writer, XXIV. 712; his Cronykil,
III. 364; XXI. 540.
Winvaw Bay, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXII. 287.
WiNZET, Ninian, Scottish controver-
sialist, XXI. 542.
Wire, xxiv. 614; elasticity of, vii.
800, 803, 817; fences of, i. 310; table
of strength of, xvi. 65; telegraphic,
xxiii. 114; telephonic, xxm. 132.
Wire-Drawing, Brass, iv. 217.
, of steam, xxil. 487.
Wire Fences, i. 310.
Wire Nails, xvii. 166.
Wire-Netting, xvil 360.
Wire-Rope, xx. 846.
Wire-Worm, insect larva, vi. 132; as
wheat pest, XXIV. 536.
Wirzberg (Wiirzburg), town, Bavaria,
XXIV. 704; XIV. 547.
Wisbech, or Wisbeach, town, England,
XXIV. 615.
WiSBV, town, Gotland. Sweden, xxiv.
616.
Sea Laws, xxi. 585.
Wisconsin, State, U.S.A., xxiv. 616.
Wisdom, or Hokmah, in^Hebrew litera-
ture, XI. 599; xilL 420, 702; XIX.
872.
, or (fpatmi!, in ancient ethics, VIII.
574; in Socratic philosophy, XXII.
237; XIX. 195.
OF God, Ray's work, xx. 301.
472
W I S — W O ^I
Wisdom of Jesus, Son of SirAch, in
Apocr)i>lia, li. iSi.
Wisdom of Solojion, in Apocrypia,
11. iSi.
Wise, Jolm, American aeronaut, I. 193.
Wiseman, Kichard, English surgeon,
XXII. 676.
WiSERlNE, mineral, xvi. 403.
WiSH.\RT, George, Scottish martyr, III.
466; xxi. 499.
Wish AW, town, Scotland, xxiv. 619.
WiSLlc.\, Statute of, Poland, xix. 288.
WlSM.\R, tovm, Germany, XXIV. 619.
WiSNiowiECKl, Michael, king of
Poland, XIX. 395.
Wit, in phrenologj-, xviii. S45.
^1 Johan de, on life annuities, II. 78.
WiTAN, or Witenagemot, early English
coxmcU, xviii. 302.
WlTCHCR.\FT, XXIV. 619; II. 204; VII.
63; XV. igg; lycanthropous, XV. 89;
in the Scottish Highlands, X. 9; tor-
ture applied in trials for, xxill. 465;
Bodin's belief in, III. 848.
Witches' Caldron, in Shakespeare's
Macbeth, xv. 202.
Witch of Atlas, The, by Shelley, xxi.
793-
Witch of Edmonton, Ford and Dek-
ker's play, IX. 396.
Witch Sabbaths, in legend, xm. 674.
WiTENAGEMOT, early English council,
VIII. 276; XVIII. 302, 459, 461.
WiTHAM, river, England, xiv. 654.
; England, Monastery of, I. 21.
WiTHAMiTE, nuneral, xvi. 409.
Wither, George,' English poet, xxiv.
623; as hymn-writer, XIL 591; as
pastoral poet, xviii. 347.
WiTHERlNOS, Thomas, English postal
reformer, Xix. 563. .
WITHERITE, mineral, XVl. 39S.
WiTHiNGTON, town, England, xxiv.
623.
WiTiZA, reforming Benedictine monk,
XVI. 707.
Witness, in law, x.xiv. 623; viii. 743;
XIX. 777.
WiTSlus, Hermann, Dutch theologian,
XXIV. 625.
Witt, Cornelius de, Dutch burgomaster,
VII. 145.
, John de, Dutch statesman, vil.
145; XII. So.
WlTTEKlND,or Wiltikind, Sa.xon leader,
V. 403; XXL 351.
WiTTEN, town, Prussia, XXIV. 625.
Wittenberg, town, Prussia, xxiv.
625; university of, XXIII. 843, 84S.
CONXORDIA, of German Protes-
tants, XV. 83.
Theses', Luther's, xv. 72.
Wittich, Christoph, Cartesian philo-
sopher, VII. 126.
, of Breslau, his calculation by
prosthaphseresis, XVII. 1S3.
WittiCHENITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
WlTTlKiND, or Wittekind, Saxon leader,
V. 403; XXI.' 351.
Wittow, district, Eiigen, Prussia, XXI.
56.
Witwicki, Polish poet, xix. 304.
WIVELISCOMBE, town, England, xxii.
258.
Wives, Laws relating to, xil. 400; xv.
565; XXIV. 637.
AND Daughters, Mrs Gaskell's
novel, X. 105.
Wl-adislawow, town, Russian Poland,
XXIL 72S.
Wladvslaw I., king of Poland, XIX.
2S7.
II., of Poland, XIX. 2S8.
III., of Poland, XIX. 2S9.
IV., of Poland, XIX. 294.
Wloclawek, town, Russian Poland,
XXIV. 625.
Wlod.aw.a, town, Russian Poland, xxi I.
37-
WoAD, dye, VII. 576.
WoBURX, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 625.
Abbey, England, in. 4S3.
WOELFL, Joseph, Austrian pianist and
composer, XXIV. 626.
WoEPCKE, Franjois, on numerals, xvii.
627.
WOGAN, cave, Pembroke, Wales, xviii.
483-
WOHLER, Friedrich, German chemist,
XXIV. 626; on the strength of metals,
xxil. 601.
WOHLERITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
WOHLGEMUTH, Michael, German
painter, xxiv. 627; vil. 555; xvii.
663; XXI. 565.
WOLBOROUGJI, town, England, xvil.
449-
WOLCHITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
WOLCOT, John (Peter Pindar), English
painter and satirist, xxiv. 62S.
Wolds, The, hills, England, XIV. 653.
Wolf, carnivorous mammal, XXIV. 628;
XV. 438; affinities of, to the dog, vil.
324; skins of, IX. 839; of India, xil.
741 ; superstitions regarding (lycan-
thropy), XV. 89; worship of, XXI. 135.
, Friedrich August, German scholar,
XXIV. 629; his Prolegomena on Homer,
xn. 115.
, Joseph, illustrator of birds, XVIII.
12.
WOLF-DOG, VII. 326.
Wolfe, Charles, Irish poet, XXIV. 630.
, James, English general, XXIV. 630.
Wolfenbuttel, town, Germany, xxiv.
631; library, XI v. 547.
Fragments, deistical WTitings,
XX. 352; published by Lessing, x.
536; XIV. 48 1.
Wolff, Albert, German sciilptor, xxi.
566.
, Betjen, Dutch writer, Xil. 96.
, Caspar Friedrich, German em-
bryologist, xxiv. 631; VIII. 165; XVI.
839; on evolution, viii. 745, 750.
Wolff, Christian, German philosopher,
XXIV. 631; X. 532; Kant's relations
to, XIII. S49; on rationalism, XX. 289.
, Elizabeth, Dutch novelist, in. 511.
WOLF-FlSH, XIL 690; XXL 614.
Wolf of Badenoch (Sir Alexander
Stuart), Scottish noble, XXII. 610.
Wolfram, Dutch logaiithmist, xiv.
776.
Wolframite, mineral, XVL 403; xxiii.
607.
Wolfram von Eschenb.ach, German
poet, XXIV. 632; X. 524; his poem on
Troy, XX. 639; on Parzival, XX. 645.
Wolf Rock Lighthouse, SciUy
Islands, XI v. 6i&.
Wolfsbergite, mineral, XVI. 394.
Wolf Spiders, arachnids, xxiii. 60.
WOLFSTAN, Norse navigator, XIX.. 316.
Wolf Transformations (Lycan-
tliropy), XV. 89.
Wolkonskoite, mineral, xvi. 425.
WOLLASTON, island, Tierra del Fuego,
XXIII. 3S4.
, WUliam, English philosophical
wTiter, XXIV. 632; his ethical teach-
ing, VIII. 601. .
, William Hyde, English man of
science, x.xiv. 633; on light, xiv. 593;
his process of working platinimi, XIX.
I go.
WOLLASTONITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
WoLLASTON's DOUBLET, Combination
of lenses, XVI. 259.
WOLLIN, island, Prussia, xxiv. 633;
XIX. 442; town, XXIV. 633.
WOLLSTONECRAFT, Mary (Mrs God-
win), X. 716.
, Mary, wile of Shelley, xxi. 789;
X. 717.
WoLMAR, Melchior, his connexion mth
Beza, III. 625.
WOLOFS, or Woloff Gi-oup, race of
Negroes, West Africa, I. 263; XVII.
3ig; XXL 662.
WoLSELEV, Sir Garnet, his expedition
to Ashantee, II. 682.
WOLSEV, Thomas, English cardinal,
XXIV. 634; VIII. 334; XX. 32g; his
leniency towards Lutherans, vili. 374;
his patronage of Thomas Cromwell,
VI. 605; his influence with Henry
A'lIL, XL 663 ; his relations with
Thomas More, XVI. Si 7.
Wolverene, carnivorous mammal, X.
696; XV. 440; skins of, IX. S39.
Wolverhampton, town, England,
XXIV. 636.
Womanhood, Period ot, xv. 778.
Wombat, marsupial mammal, xxiv.
637; iiL hi; XV. 3S3.
WOMBWELL, town, England, xxiv.
637.
Women, Law relating to, xxiv. 637:
married, their right to make wills.
W 0 N — Vf R A
473
XXIV. 573; rights of, under Salic law,
XXI. 214; Comte'a views on the con-
dition of, VI. 238.
Wonder, in phrenology, xvm. 845.
WoNGA-WONG.^ij Australian pigeon,
XIX. 85.
Wood, XXIV. 643; formation of, i v. 100;
XII. iS; growth of, IX. 397; as bmlding
material, IV. 448; as fuel, IX. 808; for
gas making, x. 100; dry rot in, vii.
493; sawing of, XXI. 345; strength of,
VII. 816; XXII. 60J.
, Sir Andrew, Scottish sea-captain,
XXI, 496.
, Anthony k, English antiquary,
XXIV. 643.
, Fernando, mayor of New York,
XVII. 463.
Mrs Henry (EUeu Price), English
novelist, XXIV. 644.
WooDBRiDGE, town, England, xxil.
622.
Woodbury, Levi, American politician
and judge, XXIII. 790.
Type, in photography, xviii. 833.
W00D-C.\RVING, XXIV. 644; V. 168;
the industry in Smtzerland, XXII.
779-
Wood Cells, of plants, xil. iS.
W00DCH.\T, bird, XXI. 846.
Woodcock, bird, xxiv. 650; shooting,
XXI. 835.
Sf — , Katharine, Milton's second wife,
XVI. 334.
Woodcock-Owl, bird, xviii. 90.
Woodcock's Pilot, bird, xiv. 83.
Woodcuts, viii. 436.
Wood-Engraving, viu. 436; V. 99;
early, xxill. 6S3; substitutes for,
xxni. 704.
Wooden Pe.\r, Australian tree, xvii.
410.
Wood Fibre, in paper-making, xviii.
225.
Woodh.'^ll Sp.-\, England, xvi. 434.
Woodhouselee, Lord, Scottish judge,
xxiii. 713.
WOODL.^RK, bild, XIV. 315.
WoodlOUSE, crustacean, VI. 658.
Woodmen of Arden, English society
of arihers, II. 373.
Wood Naphtha, xvii. 174.
Wood Oil, xvii. 744.
Wood Paving, xx. 5S5.
Woodpecker, bird, xxiv. 651; sacred
to Mars, XV. 570.
Wood-Pigeon, bird, vii. 379.
WOOD-R.'VT, rodent mammal, XVII. 6.
Woods, in joinery, iv. 4S6.
Wood's Halfpence, Irish coinage,
XXII. 766; XIII. 268.
Wood-Spirit, in chemistry, xvi. 195.
WOODSPITE, bird, XXIV. 651.
Woodstock, to^vn, England, xxiv.
653; xviii. 94.
, town, Ontario, Canada, XXIV. 653.
. town, New Brunswick, xvil. 375.
WooDviLLE, Elizabeth, wife of Edward
IV. of England, vil. 6S5.
, 'WLlliam,eavlyvaccinator,XXlv. 24.
Woodv.'ork, IV. 476.
WooDWQRTH, Samuel, American poet,
I. 722.
Woo- H 00, town, China, xxiv. 699.
Woo How, empress of China, v. 646.
Wool, xxiv. 653; growing of, I. 398;
growing, in Australia, in. 114; fibre
of, IX. 133; bleaching of, III. 822;
dyeing of, VII. 571; weaving of, ia
ancient times, xxiii. 207.
WooLF, Mr, improver of steam-engine,
■ XXII. 477, 494.
Woollen Manufactures, jtxiv. 653;
of England, vni. 231.
Woollett, WUliam, English engraver,
XXIV. 663.
Woolsorter's Disease, xxiv. 663.
Woolston, Thomas, English deist,
XXIV. 663; VII. 35.
Woolwich, town, England, xxiv. 664;
dockyard, VII. 311, 318; Koyal
Arsenal, II. 633; Royal Artillery
Institution, II. 5S6: Royal Military
Academy, II. 585.
Clay Beds, in geology, x. 361.
Woon, or Wun, district, India, xxiv.
699.
Woonsocket, to\vn, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., XXIV. 665.
WooTz Steel, xiii. 342.
Woo W.\NG, emperor of China, v. 643.
Worcester, county, England, xxiv.
665.
, town, England, xxiv. 666; college
for the blind at, in. S2S; newspapers
of, XVII. 42 1 ; porcelain works at, XIX.
642; battle of (1654), VI. 601.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xxiv.
668; libraries, XIV. 551.
, Thomas Percy, earl of, XVIII. 523.
, John Tiptoft, earl of, Vlll. 330;
deputy of Ireland, XIII. 261.
, Edward Somerset, third marquis
of, inventor of a steam-engine, xxn.
473; on the over-balancing wheel,
XVIII. 554.
, Florence of, English chi-oniclei",
IX. 337-
College, Oxford, xviii. 98.
Word, the Logos (q.v.), XIV. S04.
Words, stvidy of (philology), xviii. 765;
combination of, XI. 38.
Wordsworth, William, EngUsh poet,
XXIV. 665; odes of, XI.X. 271; his
place in English literature, Vlil. 433,
434-
Work, in mechanics, xv. 700.
Workhouses, EngUsh, xix. 468, 476.
Working Classes, Enfranchisement
of the, XIX. 352; progress of, xxiv. 312.
Working Men's Intern.\tional
Associ.\TioN, xni. 1S9.
Workington, town, England, xxiv.
676.
Workmen, their legal relations
to employers, xiv. 170; unions of,
XXIII. 499.
Works and Days, Hesiod's poem, xi.
777-
Worksop, town, England, xxiv.
677.
World, ancient theories of its origin,
VI. 446; myths regarding, xvii. 143,
156; estimates of population of, xix.
513-
, Creation Of the, Era of the, v. 713.
AS Will and Idea, The, Schopen-
hauer's work, XXI. 450.
Worm, Worms, class of animals, xxiv.
677 (where see references); embryology
of, XX. 419; reproduction, XX. 409;
organs of touch, X.XIII. 478; diseases
caused by, XVIII. 270; XXIV. 205.
Worms, to\ra, Germany, xxiv. 6S4;
concordat of (1122), .\. 4S9; XIX. 500;
diet of (1521), V. 414; X. 49S; XX.
328; Luther before the diet, XV. 75.
Wormwood, herb, xii. 2S9.
WORNUM, Robert, pianoforte maker,
XIX. 75.
WoRONicz, John Paul, Polish bishop
and writer, xix. 303.
WORONZOFF, Catherina Romanofna,
Princess Dashkoff, VI. 830; v. 233.
WORSBROUGH, town, England, xxiv.
685.
Worship, Religious, xx. 35S; sacrificial,
XXL 132; in Israel, XVIIL 509.
Worsted, yarn and cloth, xxiv. 65S;
manufactories, in England, viii.
231-
Worthies of Engl.\nd, Fuller's work,
IX. 815.
Worthing, town, Engknd, xxiv. 6S5.
WORTHINGTON ENGINE, X.\ll. 515.
Worungul, to'R-n, India, xxiv. 366.
WoTHLY Type, in photography, xvni.
831.
WoTTON, Edward, English naturalist,
XXIV. 803; on buds, XVIII. 3; on
reptiles, xx 433.
, Sir Henry, English iviiter and
courtier, xxiv. 685; friend of Izaal
Walton, XXIV. 342.
, William, Euglish scholar, xxiv.
6S5.
WOULDHAVE, William, inventor of life-
boat, XIV. 571; XXI. 802.
Wounds, Surgical treatment of, XXII.
678, 681, 6S2; iufectiveness of, xvill.
401; repair of, XVIII. 363; death by,
.\v. 781.
, received by stiginatization, xxn.
548.
Wouwerman, Philip, Dutch painter,
XXIV. 6S6.
Wr.\ngell, Baron Feidinand, Russian
Arctic explorer, x. 193; xix. 320.
Wrangel's Land, North Siberia, xxrv.
726
Wrasse, fish, xxiv. 686; xvin. 324.
XXV. — 60
474
W R A— X I B
Wray, or Ray (g.r.^ John, Engl'sh natu-
ralist, XX. 300.
Wreck, in law, xxiv. 6S6; salvage of,
XXI. 237; statistics of wrecks in 1882,
XVII. 277.
Wrekin, hill, England, xxi. 847; xxiv.
493-
Wren, bird, xxiv. 688; fire-crested,
XIV. S3; golden-crested, XIV. 82.
, Sir Christopher, English architect,
XXIV. 6S9; II. 443; XVII. 442; his
London churches, XIV. 838; his plan
for rebuilding London, XIV. 849.
Wrench, hand tool, XI. 439.
Wressell Castle, Yorkshire, England,
XXIV. 749.
Wrestling, xxiv. 690; in ancient
games, x. 64.
Wrexham, tow-n, Wales, xxiv. 691.
Wright, Edward, English mathemati-
cian, XIV. 769, 774; xvii. 254; trans-
lator of Napier's Canon Mirificus, xvii.
179.
, Joseph, English painter, xxiv.
6gi.
, Richard, American Methodist, xvi.
191
, Silas, American politician, xxiv.
692.
, Thomas, English antiquary, xxiv.
692.
Wrist, Anatomy of the, l. 827, 839.
Wbit, in law, xxiv. 692 ; xix.
210
■ , Parlianientar)-, xxiv. 697.
Writing, xvih. 143 ; xxiii. 6S2 ;
beginnings of, xviii. 766; in time of
Homer, xil. 112; hieroglyphic, XI.
794 ; Uluminated, XII. 707; litho-
graphic, XIV. 69S.
Machines, xxiv. 697
M.^terials, Ancient, xviii. 143,
232.
Paper, Sizes of, xviii. 226.
Writing-Telegraph, xxiii. 121.
Wrongs, or Torts, in law, XXIIL
454-
Wronski, Hoene de, algebraist, I.
516.
Wrotteslev's Observatory, Black-
heath, England, xvii. 712.
Wroxeter, town, England, xxi.
648.
Wryneck, bird, xxiv. 698.
, Henry, duke of Lancaster, Xiv.
255-
WUHU, town, China, XXIV. 699.
WULFENITE, mineral, XVI. 403.
WuLFRUNA, ■ early English princess,
XXIV. 637.
WULFST.\N, St, of Worcester, xxiv.
667.
WULLENWEVER, JiiTgen, burgomaster
of Liibeck, xv. 32.
WUN, district, India, xxiv. 699.
WUPPER, river, Rhenish Prussia^ XX.
.20.
WURDA, district, India, xxiv. 370.
WURNU, town, Sokoto, Africa, XXII.
248, 279.
WURTEMBERG, Or Wiirttemberg, king-
dom, Europe, xxiv. 699; army, 11.
600; libraries, XIV. 527, 546; prison
system, XIX. 761.
WURTZ, Charles Adolphe, French
chemist, XXIV. 702.
WURTZITE, mineral, XVI. 392.
WURZBURG, town, Bavaria, XXIV. 704;
library, XIV. 547.
, Konrad von, his Buch von Troye,
XX. 639.
Wyandots, American Indians, XII.
827, 831.
Wyandotte, town, Kansas, U.S^.,
XXIV. 704.
Cave, Indiana, U.S.A., Xll. 813.
Wy.^T, Sir Thomas (i 503-1 542), Eng-
lish poet, XXIV. 704.1
, Sir Thomas (c. 1520^1554), his
attack on London (1554), XIV. 846.
Wyatt, James, English architect, xxiv.
705.
Wycherley, William, English drama-
tist, XXIV. 705; VH. 436.
Wych-Hazel, tree, 11. 320.
Wychwood Forest, England, xviii.
93-
Wycliffe, or Wicklifife, John, English
Reformer, XXIV. 708; VIII. 324; his
influence on the Church of England,
Tin. 373; influence on John Huss, XII.
404; his place in English literature,
VIII. 410; his relations to the Lollards,
XIV. 810.
Wycombe, town, England, xxiv. 712.
Wye, river, England and Wales, XI.
729; XVI. 753; XX. 217.
Wykeham, Chapel of, Lincolnshire,
England, xxii. 367.
, WiUiam of, bishop of Winchester
and chancellor of England, xxiv.
585.
W\'NT0UN, Andrew of, Scottish chroni-
cler, XXIV. 712; III. 364; XXI. 540.
Wyoming, Territory, United States,
XXIV. 712; geysers of, X. 558;
Yellowstone National Park, XXIV.
736.
Wyon, Thomas, English medallist,
XXIV. 713.
, William, English medallist, xxiv.
713-
Wyss, Johann Rudolf, Swiss poet, xxi I.
799-
Wytfliet, Cornelius, Early notice of
Australia by, 111. .103.
W^the, George, American politician,
XXIII. 748.
W\ttenbach, Daniel Albert, German
scholar, xxiv. 714.
, Thomas, Swiss theologian, xxiv.
714; his relations with Zwingli, xxiv.
832.
Wvvern, in heraldry, XI. 702.
"V" the twenty-fourth letter of the
' alphabet, xxiv. 716.
Xalapa (Jalapa), to^^■n, Mexico, xin.
547-
X.^MAR.\N, quarantine station, on Red
Sea, XX. 155.
Xanthian MarB' '='.5, British Museum,
IX. 67.
Xanthochroic Tyte, of man, 11. 113;
in Asia, II. 696.
Xanthocon, mineral, XVI. 396.
Xantholite, mineral, XVI. 409.
Xanthophyll, colouring matter of
plants, XIX. 53.
Xanthophyllite, mineral, xvi. 413.
Xanthosiderite, mineral, XVL 388.
Xanthoxylum, genus of trees, xvill.
519.
Xanthus, river, Asia Minor, II. 708;
XV. 93.
, town, Lycia, Asia Minor, XXIV.
716; XV. 93; tombs at, II. 402.
, Lydian historian, XV. 99.
X.iTiVA (Jativa), town, Spain, xill. 597.
Xauxa, town, Peru, XVIIL 675; river,
XVIII. 673.
X.wiER, Francisco, apostle of the
Indies, XXIV. 716; his relation to
Jesuitism, XIII. 651; missions of, xvi.
513-
, Jerome, Jesuit missionary, XX. in.
Xebeks, or Zeybeks, people, Asia
Minor, v. 102; II. 712.
Xenia, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XXIV. 718.
Xenocrates of Chalcedon, Greek
philosopher, xxiv. 718; I. 68.
Xenodermid.«, family of snakes, XXU.
193-
Xenolite, mineral, XVI. 408.
Xenopeltid.*, family of snakes, XXII.
192.
Xenophanes of Colophon, Eleatic
philosopher, XXIV. 719; VIII. i; XVIII.
315-
Xenophon, Greek historian, xxiv. 720;
XI. 103, 141; his economic teaching,
XIX. 349; on Socrates, xxii. 232; in
the Persian expedition, XVIII. 576.
of Ephesus, Greek novelist, xx.
635-
Xenorhynchus, genus of birds, xill.
529.
Xenotime, mineral, XVI. 403.
Xenurus, genus of edentate mammars,
XV. 387.
Xerez (Jerez), town, Spain, Xlll. 629;
wine of, xxiv. 607.
Xeroderma, skin disease, xxii. 121.
Xerus, genus of rodent mammals, xxil.
438; XV. 418.
Xerxes I., king of Pei-sia, xxiv. 721;
VIII. 560; XI. 99; XVIIL 572; tomb
of, XVIIL 558.
II., of Persia, XXIV. 721; XVIII.
575-
XlB.\RO, issue of Negro and Indian.
XVII. 319.
X I C — Y E A
475
XlCAQUES, Indian tribe, Honduras,
XII. 131.
XlMENES,or Jimenes, Francisco, Spanish
cardinal and statesman. XIII. 693, 94;
XX. 324, XXII. 327.
XiMENEZ, Francesch, Catalan writer,
XXII. 364.
XiPE-TOTEC, Mexican deity, xvi. 212.
XIPHIAS, genus of fishes, xxil. 804.
XIPHIUM, genus of plants, XIII. 276.
XISUTHRUS, legendary king of Babylon,
VII. 54.
XONOLITE, mineral, XVI. 420.
Xylaria, genus of Fungi, XVII. 75.
Xyleii, or Wood, in vegetable histology,
XII. 18.
Xylene, benzol, xxiii. 59.
Xylography, or Block-Printing, xxiii.
682.
Xystus (Sixtus I.), pope, XXII. 103.
X. Y. Z. Mission, to France from
United States, XXIII. 755.
V7' the twenty-fifth letter of the
* » alphabet, XXIV. 722.
Yaakob of Orleans, Jewish WTiter,
XXIII. 40.
B. Meir b. Shemuel, Rabbinic
scholar, XXIII. 39.
Yablonovoi Mountains, Siberia,
XXIII. 509.
Yabu, Afghan breed of horses, I. 233.
Yachow-Fu, town, China, XXIV. 722.
Yacht, Yachting, xxiv. 722; xxi. 594.
YadzvinGS, tribe, Lithuania, XIV. 702.
Yafa (Joppa), town, Palestine, XIII. 746.
Yaffil, or Yaffle, bird, xxiv. 651.
YaGHANS, tribe, Tierra del Fuego, XXIII.
384-
Yaguar-Cocha, lake, Ecuador, vil.
646.
Yahya b. Khalid, prime minister of
Haroun al Eaachid, XI. 488.
Yajnavalkya, in Sanskrit literature,
XXL 288.
Yajur-Veda, Sanskrit sacred writing,
XXI. 278.
Yak, ungulate mammal, xxiv. 725.
Yakhsu, river, Turkestan, xvin. 103.
Yakima Pass and River, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 385.
Yakoba, to^v^l, Sokoto, Africa, xxil.
248, 279.
Yakub, shah of Persia, XVIII. 633.
Almansor, Moorish prince in
Spain, XXIL 317.
Beg (the Atalik Ghazi), amir of
Kashgar, Xiv. 7.
BEN Laith, founder of Saffarid
Moslem dynasty, XVI. 586.
Yakubi, Arab historian, XXIII. 3.
Yakuts, people, Siberia, XXIL 8; XXIII.
608, 661; XXIV. 726.
Yakutsk, province, Siberia, XXIV. 725;
town, XXIV. 727.
Yale College, New Haven, Con-
necticut, U.S.A., XVII. 394; xxiiL
857; library, xiv. 534; observatory,
XVII. 715.
Yale Lock, xiv. 751.
Yalkut, Midrasb, xvi. 287.
Yalta, town, Crimea, Russia, vi. 587;
XXIII. 83.
Ya-lu-Klang, river, Corea, vi. 391.
Yalutorovsk, town, Siberia, xxill.
43°-
Yam, plant, xxiv. 727; xil 289; in
Polynesia, xix. 419.
Yama, Hindu divinity, IV. 208.
Yama-Mai Worm, silkworm, xxii. 60.
Yaman-tau. mountain, Russia, xxiv.
4-
Yambo, town, Arabia, xxiv. 727; XX.
316.
YamburG, town, Russia, XXI. 190.
Yamdena, island, Timor Laut group,
Indian Archipelago, XXIII. 398.
Yampais, American Indians, xii. 827.
Yampol, town, Russia, xix. 254.
Rapids, Dniester river, Russia,
VII. 306.
Ya Mura, mountain, Sumatra, xxii.
638.
Yana, river, Siberia, xxiv. 726.
Yanaon, French settlement, India,
XXIV. 727.
Yanbo (Yambo), town, Arabia, xxiv.
727; XX. 316.
Yandoon, town, Burmah, XXIII. 330.
Yanez, Rodrigo, Spanish chronicler,
XXIL 354.
Yang-chow Fij, town, China, xxiv.
728.
Yang-Chu, Chinese philosopher, XVL
4-
Yanghi-hissar, town, Turkestan,-
XXIII. 639; XXIV. 728.
Yangi Shahr (Kashgar), tovra, Turke-
stan, XIV. 7; XXIII. 639.
Yang Keen, emperor of China, V.
645.
Yang-tsze-Keang, river. China, v.
631; XVIII. 117.
Yang-tuny, mountain, Russia, xxiv.
4-
Yanina (Janina), town, Albania, Turkey,
XIII. 565; XXIIL 653.
Yankton, town, Dakota, U.S.A., xxiv.
728; VL 773.
Yao, or Yaou, Chinese emperor, II. 745;
V. 643.
Yaou-JIN, Chinese tribe, xvi. 224.
Yap, island, Carolines, Pacific Ocean, v.
126.
Yapock, marsupial mammal, xvil. 796.
Yaqui, Pico del, mountain, San Domingo,
XL 544.
Yaransk, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
Yards, of ships, xxi. 153.
Yare, river, England, XVII. 536.
Yarensk, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
Yariba, country. West Africa, XXIV.
754-
Yarkand, or Yarkend, town, Turkestan.
XXIV. 728; XXJII. 638, 639.
Yarmouth, town, Norfolk, England.
XXIV. 728.
, town. Isle of Wight, England,
XXIV. 563.
Yarn, spun fibre, xxiv. 730; cotton,
VI. 488; linen, XIV. 666; woollen,
XXIV. 658.
Yaroslaff, early Russian prince, xxi.
89.
, prince of Suzdal, Russia, XXI. 90.
Yaroslavl, government, Russia, XXIV.
731; town, XXIV. 732.
Yaro-tsanpo, river, Tibet, xxill. 340.
Yarra, river, Victoria, Australia, XV.
835; XXIV. 216.
Flats, plains, Victoria, Australia,
XXIV. 216.
Yarrell, WUliam, English naturalist,
XXIV. 732; on British birds, x:\ui.
:8, 29, 49.
Yarrow, river, Scotland, xxi. 638.
Yarwhelp, bird, x. 720.
Yasa, mountain, Nepal, XVII. 340.
Yashil-Kul, lake. Central Asia, XVIII.
104.
Yasna, part of Zend-Avesta, XXIV.
775-
Yassin, state and river, Kashmir, x.
597-
Yataghan, hand-weapon, xxii. 800,
802.
Yatutorovsk, town, Russia in Asia,
XXIL II.
Yatvvags, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
Yavipais, American Indians, xii. 827.
Yavorski, Stephen, Russian writer,
XXI. 105.
Yawning, xx. 480.
Yawry Bay, Sierra Leone, West Africa,
XXII. 44.
Yaws, disease, XXIV; 732.
YayuL, district, Tibet, XXIII. 340.
Yazd, town, Persia, xxiv. 733; xvill.
627, 628.
Yazdagird, or Yezdegii-d, Era of, v.
717; xviii. 326.
Yazdegerd I., king of Persia, xviil.
6io.
II., of Persia, xviil. 611.
III., of Persia, XVIII. 615.
Yazid I., caliph, XVI. 567.
II., caliph, XVI. 575.
III., caliph, XVI. 576.
Yazidadh, Syriac writer, XXIL 830.
Yaziji-oghlu, Ottoman poet and his-
torian, XXIII. 656.
Yazoo, river, Mississippi State, U.S.A.,
XVI. 521.
Yca, toivn, Peru, xil. 611; xvill. 074.
Y-CHANG, to^vn, China, xil. 628.
Yeadon, town, England, XXIV. 733.
Year, division of time, iv. 666; v. 712;
solar, II. 770; Sabbatical, XXI. 126.
Yearning (Rennet), for cheese-making,
VL 771-
476
E A — Y 0 U
Yeast, xxiv. 733; formation of, ix. 92,
94; ceil division in, XII. 13; use of, in
bre^-ing, IV. 275.
, C. Kingsle/s novel, Xiv. 88.
Yebna (Janinia), town, Palestine, XIII.
563.
Yedo (Tokio), town, Japan, xxill. 432;
XIII. 577.
Yehudah Hannasi, editor of Mislinah,
XVI. 504.
Yeisk, town, Russia, xxiv. 734.
Yekaterimsurg (Ekaterinburg), town,
Asiatic Russia, vii. 793; xvi. 128;
XVIII. 550; xxii. 11; XXIV. 6.
YEK.ATERINODAR (Ekaterinodar), toivn,
Russia, VII. 793; XIV. 150.
Yekaterinoslaff (Ekaterinoslaff),
govemment, Russia, vil. 793; xxi. 69;
town, VII. 794.
Yelets, town, Russia, xxiv. 734.
Yelizavetgrad (Elizabethgrad), town,
Russia, VIII. 146.
Yelizavetpol (Elizabethpol), town,
Russia, VIII. 146.
Yell, island, Shetland, Scotland, xvii.
846.
Yellamalais, mountain range, India,
XIV. 5.
Yellow, Pigments of, xix. 87.
Yellowbird, xxii. 99.
Yellow Colours, in dyeing, vii.
578.
Yellow Earth, or Felinite, mineral,
XVL 425.
Yello'" Fever, disease, xxiv. 734 ;
xviii. 403; quarantine for, xx. 156;
Rush's treatment of, XXL 63; in
Buenos Ayres, 11. 494.
Yellowhead, bird, xviii. 52.
Yellow Lead Ore, mineral, xvi. 697.
Yellow Pine, tree, xix. 105.
Yellowplush Papers, Thackeray's,
xxiii. 214.
Yellow River (Hwang-ho), China, v.
630; xviii. 117; xxiii. 339.
Yellow Se.a, East Asia, xviii. 116.
Yellowstone, river, Montana, U.S.A.,
XVI. 772.
Lake, U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
N.^TioNAL Park, United States,
XXIV. 736.
YELLOW-TAIL, fish, XXIV. 738.
Yellow-Wood, or Fustic, dyestuff, IX.
855.
Yemamah, province, Arabia, 11. 240,
254.
Yembo, or Yambo, town, Arabia, XXIV.
727; XX. 316.
ifEMEN, country, Arabia, xxiv. 738; II.
237.253,255; XXIIL653.
Yenbo (Yambo), town, Arabia, XXIV.
727; XX. 316.
Yenikale, tow-n, Russia, Xiv. 52.
Yenip.\z.\r (Xovibazar), town, Bosnia,
XVII. 608.
Yenisei, river, Siberia, xxii. 5; xxiv.
742.
Yenisel^NS, people, Siberia, XXII. 1 1.
Yeniseisk, province, Siberia, xxiv.
741; to-n-n, XXIV. 743.
Yeni Shehr (Larissa), town, Greece,
XIV. 314.
Yeni Shehr, Asia Minor, capital of
Osmanii princedom, xxiii. 640.
Yenking, ancient capital of China, iv.
722.
Yen-Tai (Chee-Foo), town, China, v.
455-
Yeola, town, India, XXIV. 743.
Yeomanry, volunteer cavalry, xxiv.
294.
Yeovil, town, England, xxiv. 743.
Yerba Buena (San Francisco), CaU-
fornia, U.S.A., XXI. 263.
Yerba >LiT£, or Paraguay Tea, xv. 627;
IV. 227.
Yerkalas, people, India, XXIII. 42.
Yeriiak, Cossack chief, xxi. 93; xxil.
12.
Yeshil Irmak (Iris), river, Asia Minor,
II. 707.
Yeshu bar Shush.\N, Syriac writer,
XXII. 848.
Yesukai, Mongol chief, Xlli. 620.
Yetholm, town, Scotland, xxi. 34.
Yew, tree, xxiv. 743; culture of, II.
316.
Yezd, or Yazd, town, Persia, XXIV. 733;
xvni. 627, 628.
Yezdegird, king of Bokhara, xviii.
651, loi.
, Era of, V. 717; xviii. 326.
Yezidis, Kurdish tribes, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 49.
Yezo, island, Japan, xill. 569.
Ying-Kow (Ying-tze), town, China,
xvii. 381.
Ying-teen (Nanking), town, China,
XVII. 172.
Ying-tze, or Ying-tsze, town, China,
V. 641; XV. 466; xvii. 381.
Yishaki, Eabbenu Shelomoh, Jewish
rabbi, xx. 284.
YissuN Timur Khan, Moagol ruler,
XVI. 742.
Y-LiN (I-Chsng), town, China, XII.
628.
Ylo, town, Peru, xviii. 674.
Ylya, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
Ynca-Hu.\lp.\, Peruvian bird, xviii.
673.
Yncas, Empire of the, Peru, I. 697; I v.
17; xviiL 677.
Ynirid.^ river. South America, xvii.
844.
Yoga, system of Hindu philosophy, XXl.
291.
Yogis, Mohammedan mendicant order,
XXII. 663.
YoH.AJJAN B. Kapha, Talmudic writer,
XXIII. 37.
YOH-CHOW Fu, town, China, xxiv.
744-
Yojo.^, Lake of, Honduras, xil. 130. __
Yoke-Elm, tree, xii. 168.
YOKOHAMA, town, Japan, XXIV. 744;
Xlll. 578.
YOKOSUKA, town, Japan, xxiv. 745.
Yola, town. Central Africa, XXII. 279.
YOL.\NDE, regent, of Savoy, XXI. 341.
YOLLA, town. Central Africa, I. 140.
YOLOFS, or Wolofs, Negro race. West
Africa, I. 263; xvii. 319; xXL 662.
Yomdok-tso, lake, Tibet, XXIH. 340.
Yonathan (Jonathan), Targum " of,
XXIIL 64.
YONGE, Nicholas, introducer of madrigal
into England, XV. 192.
YONKERS, town. New York, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 745; XVII. 458.
YONNE, department, France, XXIV.
745-
, river, France, XVII. 495; xxi.
624.
YORIACUM (Ivry), ancient town, France,
XIIL 525.
I'ORK, county, England, XXIV. 746;
coalfield, vi. 51.
, town, England, XXIV. 749; minster,
II. 427, 428; St Mar^s Abbey, I. 14.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xxiv.
752-
, to^vn. Western Australia, xx!\'.
508.
. , Archbishop irf, II. 370.
, Cape, Australia, III. 107.
, Richard, duke of, protector C7
England, xxiv. 381; as viceroy o<
Ireland, xili. 261.
, House of, English dynasty, XXIV.
752; viiL 327; XIX. 175; wars with
house of Lancaster, vin. 327, 329; XI.
661; XXL 740.
House, Twickenham, England.
XXIII. 674.
Round, in archery, II. 373.
Yorktown, U.S.A., Siege of (1781),
XXIIL 745.
YORO, department, Honduras, Xll. 132.
YORUB.A., country. West Africa, XXIV.
754-
Yosemite, district, California, U.S.A,
IV. 698.
YouGHAL, town, Ireland, XXIV. 755.
Young, Sir Allen, Arctic voyager, XIX.
324-
, Arthur, English social economist
and agriciUturist, xxiv. 755.
, Brigham, Mormon president, XXIV.
756; XVI. 826.
, Charles Augustus, on the solar
corona, II. 788.
, Edward, English poet, XXIV. 756;
his place in English literature, Vlll.
429.
, James, his experiments pn parafiSji
oils, XVIII. 240.
, Thomas, Puritan di\ine, xvi. 328;
as Jlilton's tutor, xvi. 324.
, Thomas, English scientist and
archaeologist, XXIV. 756; on the func-
Y O U — Z A N-
47'
tions of the blood organs, xxiv. 97;
on capillary phenomena, V. 57; on the
theory of light and colours, XIV. 606;
on the theory of tides, II. 762.
Young's Modulus, of stress and longi-
tudinal strain, VII. 805; XXII. 595.
YouNGSTOWN, town, Ohio, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 757.
YouROUKS, people, Asia Minor, 11. '12.
Youth, Period of, xv. 77S.
YOVANOVICH, Peter, Servian poet, XXI.
691.
Ypres, town, Belgium, xxiv. 757.
Ypsilanti, voivodes of Moldaria, xxi.
20.
Yriarte (Iriarte), Tomas de, Spanish
poet, XIII. 275.
Yrnerius (rmerius), Italian jurist,
xm. 277.
YSABEL, island. South Pacific, xxil.
252.
YSAIE LE Triste, romance, XX. 648.
YSEULT, Isolde, or Isolt, in Arthuiian
romance, xx. 647; x. 854; xxiv. J15.
ysSEL, river, Holland, xii. 63; xx.
519.
Ytterbium, Spectrum of, xxii. 376.
Yttrium, chemical element, XXIV. 757;
V. 543; XIV. 292; spectrum of, XXlI.
376.
Yttrocerite, mineral, xvi. 383.
Yttroilmenite, mineral, XVI. 428.
Yttrotantalite, mineral, xvi. 427.
Yttrotitanite, mineral, XVI. 426.
Yturbide, Augustin de, emperor of
Mexico, XIII. 518; XVI. 219.
Yu, early ruler of China, v. 643.
Yucatan, region. Central America,
XXIV. 757; antiquities of, I. 693;
architectural ruins in, 11. 450.
, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
Yucca, plant, xxiv. 760; xii. 253;
XVII. 401.
YUECHI, ancient people, Central Asia,
xviii. loi, 592, 594, 600.
YUG, river, Russia, XXIV. 283.
Yukon, river, Alaska, North America,
I. 444; XVIII. 116.
Yule, or Christmas, V. 704.
YUMAS, ^.aerican Indians, XII. 827.
YUNGIA, genus of planarLiu worms,
XIX. 174.
YUNG-LO, Chinese emperor, xvii. 172.
YUN-HO, Grand Canal of China, v. 631.
YUN-NAN, province, China,- v. 640.
YUN-NAN Fu, town, China, XXIV. 760.
YuNOS of Cairo, astronomer, xxiil.
562.
YUNQUE, El, mountain, Porto Rico, xix.
532-
YI5NX (misspelling of lynx), genus of
birds, XXIV. 698.
YuRAKS, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
Yurezan, town, Russia, xxill. 717.
YURIEFF (Dorpat), town, Russia, vil.
369.
FCLSKiy, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
YuRUARi, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
YURUNG KusH, town, Turkestan, xiv.
67.
YUSHAMIN, Mandsean divme spirit, XV.
468.
YusTE, monastery, Spain, place of re-
tirement of Charles V., V. 417.
YUSUF AL-KiNDi, Abu, Arabian philo-
sopher, I. 578.
YusuF B. Tashufin, Moorish general
in Spain, xxil. 316,- I. 595; xix. 539.
YusUFZAis, Afghan clan, I. 235.
Yutes, people, Turkestan, xxill. 639.
YvERDON, town, Switzerland, xvil.
361; XXIV. 115.
YVETOT, town, France, xxiv. 760.
YvoN, Peter, French Labadist, XI V. 163.
YZER, river, Belgium, III. 515.
"7 the twenty-sixth letter of the
■^» alphabet, XXIV. 761.
Zaandam, town, Holland, xxiv. 761.
Zabad, Syria, Inscription of, XXI. 651.
Zabaikalskaya Oblast, province,
Siberia, xxiil. 509.
Zabdicene, ancient district, Asia, XIV.
159.
Zabians, or Sabians (q.v.), Oriental
sect, XXL 128.
Zabielin, Russian historian, xxi. io8.
Zacatecas, state and town, Mexico,
XXIV. 761; XVL 214.
Zach, Franz Xaver, Austrian astrono-
mer, XXIV. 761.
Zachariae VON Lingenthal, Karl
Salomo, German jurist, xxiv. 762.
Zacharias, St, pope, xxiv. 763; xix.
495-
Rhetor, Syriac writer, xxii.
835-
Zacynthus (Zante, q.v.), island, Greece,
XXIV. 767.
Z.\D0KITES (Sadducees, q.v.), Jewish
sect, XXL 142.
Zadonsk, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
Zadonstchina, Russian prose-poem,
XXI. 104.
Zafarines, islands, Morocco, XVi. 830.
Zaffre, mineral, VI. 82,
Zagoskin, Russian historian, XXI. 108.
, Russian novelist, XXI. 107.
Zagrab (Agram), town, Austria, I. 287;
VI. 592; XXIIL S52.
Zagreus, of Greek legend, vil. 249.
Zagrus, mountain chain, Kurdistan,
XIV. 156.
Zahir billah, caliph, xvi. 588.
Z.\ID, collector of the Koran, XVL 604.
b. Ali, pretender to the caliphate,
XVL 575.
Zaire (Congo), river, Africa, xxiv. 763;
I. 254; exploration of, X. 193.
Zaisan, Lake, Siberia, xxi. 639.
Zaitah, or Zautha, town, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 48.
Zarariva, Abu, prince of Tunis, XXIII.
621.
Zakaspiyskaya Oblast, region, Russia,
XXIIL 511.
Zakataly, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIIL 514.
Zakhurians, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
Zaki, Persian chief, xviii. 644.
Zakonik, Servian code of laws, xxi.
690.
Zakrzewski, Vincent, Polish historian,
XIX. 305.
Zaleski, Bogdan Joseph, poet of the
Ukraine, xix. 304.
Zaleucus, legislator of Italian Locri,
XIV. 764.
Zaluski, Andrew Chrysostom, Polish
writer, XIX. 302.
, Joseph Andrew, Polish wiiter,
XIX. 302.
Zama, North Africa, Battle of (202 B.C.),
XL 444; XV. 609; XX. 750; XXL 467.
Zambak, Arabian jasmino, xili. 595.
Zambeccari, Count, his baUoon, i. 1S9,
191.
Zambesi, or Zambeze, river, Africa,
XXIV. 765; I. 250; exploration of, by
Livingstone, I. 247 ; xiv. 720 ; month
of, XVII. 7; languages of people on,
XXIV. 828.
Zambo, Zambo Preto, Negro and In-
dian half-breeds, xvii. 319.
Zamindari, land tenure, India, xv. 186;
in Madras presidency, XII. 770, 803 ; in
North-Western Provinces, XVII. 573.
Zamora, province 3nd town, Spain,
XXIV. 766.
, state, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
Zamorano, Roderico, Spanish geo-
grapher, XVII. 253.
Zamr-al-Kebir, musical instrument,
XVII. 706.
Zamzam, well, at Mecca, xv. 673.
Zanahary, Malagasy divinity, xv. -173.
Zancara, river, Spain, xxii. 295.
Zancle (Messina), ancient town, Sicily,
XVI. 57.
Zand-Avesta, or Zend-Avesta (q.v.),
sacred book of Zoroastrianism, xviii.
327.
Zander, fish, xix. 89.
Zandey (Niam-Niam), people. Central
Africa, xvil 319, 473.
Zanes, images of Zeus, at Olympia,
Greece, XVII. 769.
Zanesville, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiv.
767.
Zangaroma, suburb of Nicastro,
Italy, XVIL 480.
Zangemeister and Wattenbach,
their specimens of Latin wTiting,
xviiL 152.
Zanguebar (Zanzibar, q.v.), East
Africa, XXIV. 767.
Zanjan, town, Persia, xvill. 628.
Zannone, island, Pontian group, Italy,
XIX. 460.
478
Z A N — Z I C
Zante, island, Greece, xxiv. 767; xiii.
205 ; town, XXIV. 767.
Zanzalus, Jacobus, Eastern monk,
XIII. 539.
Zanzibar, country, East Africa, XXIV.
767; I. 270; XXII. 729; languages of,
XXIV. S2S; to\vn, XXIV. 769.
Zapolva, .lohn, voivode of Transylvania
and ruler of Hungary, III. 124; Xll.
369; XXIII. 522, 643.
• , Sigismund, Hungarian pretender,
XXIII. 643.
Zapornia, genus of birds, XX. 223.
Zaporogians, division of jRussiaji
Cossacks, VI. 448.
Zappi, Felice, Italian writer, XIII. 511.
Zapskovie, suburbs of Pskoff, Eussia,
XX. 36.
Zara, town, Austria, XXIV. 769; con-
quest of, by the Crusaders (1202),
VI. 629.
Zaragoza, or Saragossa, province,
Spain, XXIV. 769; town, xxiv. 770;
XXII. 307.
Zarah Hollow, land depression,
Persia, XXII. loi.
Zaraisk, town, Russia, xxi. 1 16.
Zarangiana, Parthian kingdom, xvill.
592.
Zarate, Fernando de, the question of
his identity with Enriquez Gomez,
VIII. 450.
.■^arathustra, or Zoroaster (q.v.),
founder of Zoroastrianism, xviii.
325-
Zar.whustrianism, or Zoroastrianism
(}.t'.), Oriental religion, XX. 360.
ZaratiTE, mineral, xvi. 399.
Zarato (Morto da Feltre), Italian
painter, IX. 69.
ZarHUN, town, Morocco, XVI. 834.
Zariaspa, or Bactra (Balkh), town,
Afghanistan, III. 282; I. 243.
Zarlino, Gioseffe or Giuseppe (Zarlinus
Clodiensis), Italian musical theorist,
XXIV. 770; XVII. 86.
Zarni, town, Afghanistan, I. 231.
Zarta, tevm, Albania, II. 639.
Zaslavl, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
Zauberflote, opera by Mozart, xvii.
II.
Zaudzi, island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
Zautha, or Zaitah, town, Mesopotamia,
XVI. 48.
Zavihost, town, Poland, xx. 218.
Zavoljie, district, Russia, XVII. 501.
Zavton (Chinchew), town. China, v.
673.
Zaza, Kurdish dialect, XIV. 157.
Zea (Ceos), island, Greece, v. 343.
, genus of plants, xv. 309.
Zeagonite, mineral, XVL 423.
Zealand, island, Denmark, xxiv. 771;
vii. 83.
, proWnce, Holland, XXIV. 771.
Zealots, Jewish sect, xiii. 426.
Zebedee, Sons of. apostles James and
John, xiil. 552.
Zebi, Sabbathai, leader of Jewish sect,
XIII. 681.
Zebra, xingulat« mammal, xxiv. 772;
xiL 175.
Zebulon, tribe of Israel, XXIV. 772.
, Plain of, Palestine, XVIII. 171.
Zebus, humped Indian cattle, V. 246.
Zechariah, Old Testament nrophet,
XXIV. 773; XlIl. 418.
Zedler, Johann Heinrich, his universal
lexicon, VIII. 196.
Zegzeg, town, Sokoto, Africa, xxii.
279.
Zehngerichtenbund, Swiss league,
XI. 205.
Zeila, town, North-East Africa, I. 271.
Zeitz, town, Prussia, Xxiv. 775.
Zekha-isho, Syriac writer, XXII. 838.
Zela, town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
Zelle (CeUe), town, Prussia, xxiv. 775.
Zeller, Eduard, on scepticism, xxi.
381.
Zemlyanov-Gorod, quarter of Mosco<r,
Russia, XVI. 858.
Zemlyansk, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
Zemstvo, assembly, Russia, XXI. 70; of
Vyatka, xxiv. 303.
Zen, tree, XXIII. 620.
Zend, language of Zend-Avesta, xvill.
653; dictionaries of, VII. 190.
Zend-Avesta, Zoroastrian religious
book, XXIV. 775; XVIII. 327, 653; on
caste, V. 192; language of, XVIII. 134;
dictionaries of language of, VII. 190;
translation of, by AnquetU du Perron,
II. 91.
Zenesquali, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
Zenghi-ata, shrine, Tashkend. Asia,
XXIII. 72.
Zeni, The, their map of northern lati-
tudes, XIX. 316.
Zenith, in astronomy and geography,
II. 764; X. 198.
Sector, Airy's, vii. 600.
Telescope, x. 167.
Zennor, cromlech, Cornwall, England,
VL 427.
Zend, Byzantine emperor, XXIV. 778.
of Citium, Stoic philosonher XXII.
561.
of Elea, Greek philosopher, xxiv.
778; VIII. 2.
, Antonio, Jirctic explorer, xix.
3i6-
, Antonio, Venetian admiral, xxi\'.
147.
, Carlo, Venetian admiral, xxiv.
144.
, Caterino, Italian traveller, X. 179;
Venetian envoy to Persia, xviii.
633- _
, Niccolo, Arctic explorer, XIX. 316.
Zenobia, queen of Palmyra, XIV. 864;
XVIII. 201; XX. 776.
Zenta, or Zentha, town, Hungary,
XXIV. 780; battle of (1697), Vlll. 600;
XXIII. 646.
Zeolites, group of minerals, xvi. 420;
X. 228; deposits of, in Pacific Ocean,
XVIII. 125.
Zephaniah, Old Testament prophet,
XXIV. 780; XIII. 415.
Zepharovichite, mineral, XVI. 405.
Zephyrinus, St, pope, XXIV. 781; XIX.
489.
Zephyrus, of Greek legend, xxiv. 781.
Zeraf, Bahr al, branch of Nile. Africa,
XVII. 506.
Zerafshan, province, Russian Turke-
stan, XXIV. 781.
, river, Russian Turkestan, XXIV.
781.
Zeraim, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
Zerbis, Gabriel de, on anatomy, I. 806.
Zerbst, town, Germany, xxiv. 782.
Zerghat, part of Chhindwara district,
India, v. 608.
Zero, in mathematics, xiil. 14.
, as numeral, xvii. 626.
Zerubbabel, of Scripture, XI. 370;
XXIV. 773; temple of, at Jerusalem,
XXIII. 167.
Zeta, river, Montenegro, XVI. 780.
Zethus, Tomb of, at Thebes, Greece,
XXIII. 23c.
Zeugitan.4, valley. North Africa, XXIII.
619.
Zeuglodon, genus of fossil cetaceans,
XV. 395.
Zeugma, town, Syria, Coins of, xvii.
649.
Zeulenroda, town, Germany, xx.-
493-
Zeunerite, mineral, xvi. 407.
Zeuner's Slide-Valve, for steam-
engine, XXII. 502.
Zeus, Greek deity (the Roman Jupiter),
XXIV. 7S2; XIII. 779; XVII. 138, 154;
XXIII. 23S; myths of, XVII. 136, 154;
altar to, at Pergamum, XVIII. 527;
temple of, at Athens, III. 2; temple, at
Olympia, XVII. 768; temple, at Selinus,
XXI. 634.
Zeuxis, Greek painter, xxiv. 783; II.
363; XVII. 41; XVIII. 321.
Zevbeks, people, Asia Minor, II. 712;
V. 102.
Zeyer, Bohemian poet, xxii. 152.
Zezere, river, Portugal, xxill. 21.
Zhabliak, town, Montenegro, xvi.
7S1.
Zhitomir, town, Russia, xxiv. 7S4.
Zhukovski, Vasili A., Russian pocf,
XXI. 107.
ZlANi, Sebastiano. doge of Venice, xxiv.
142.
ZiBEBU, Zulu chief, xxiv, 839.
Zibeth (Civet), carnivorous mammal,
V. 796.
ZiCHY Land, Arctic regions, its dis-
covery, XIX. 324.
ZlCKZACK, bird, XIX. 228.
Z I D — Z U L
479
ZlDJE Sabi, Albategnf 3 work, i. 449.
ZiEGENRUCKEM, mountain, Germany,
XX. 552.
ZlENKlEWicz, Reginald, Polish writer,
XIX. 304.
ZiGALGA, mountain, Russia, xxiv. 4.
ZlHL, river, Switzerland, XVII. 361.
Zij, Persian astronomical tables, xvil.
771.
ZlKR, dervislies' chant, vil. 114.
ZILIS, town, North Africa, xv. 637.
ZiLLAH, wife of Lamech of Scripture,
XIV. 238.
ZiMB, or Tsetse (q.v.), fly, xxill. 601;
VII. 256.
ZiMisCES, John I., Greek emperor, xill.
712.
Zimm£, Shan state, Burmah, xxi. 773.
ZiMMERMANN, Johann Georg, Swiss
philosopher and physician, XXIV. 784;
X. 535; XXII. 798.
, Karl, of Darmstadt, German
evangelical preacher, XI. 335.
ZiMoccA Sponge, xxii. 423, 428.
ZIMOROWICZ, Polish poet, XIX. 301.
Zinc, metal, xxiv. 784; xvi. 382; as
chemical element, V. 526, 573; cyanide
of, XX. 23; boiling point of, XX. 134;
ores of, XVI. 58; dressing of ores, xvi.
465; salts of, as poisons, XIX. 278;
strength of, XXII. 603; deposits of, in
Silesia, xxii. 53; production of, XVI.
467; production in England, vill. 229;
production in United States, xxill.
8*17.
White, pigment, xix. 86.
ZINCITE, mineral, XVI. 385.
ZiNCKE, German economist, XIX. 363.
ZiNCKEN, musical instrument, xxiv.
787.
ZiNCKENlTE, mineral, xvi. 394.
Zincography, xiv. 699; in map-print-
ing, xxii. 715.
ZiNCOTYPES, in printing, xxill. 704.
ZiNCZ, religious rite of Lithuanians, xiv.
701.
ZiNDEH-RUD, river, Persia, xill. 394.
ZiNGARiS, or Gipsies (?.».), x. 612.
Zingaro, Lo (Antonio Solario), Nea-
politan painter, XXII. 249.
Zingiber, genus of plants, x. 603.
ZiNKEN, or Zincken, musical instru-
ment, xxiv. 787.
ZiNN, John Godfrey, German anatomist,
I. 814.
Zinnia, garden annual, xii. 249.
ZiNNWALDiTE, mineral, xvi. 413.
Zinzendorf, Count of, leader of the
Moravian Brethren, XXIV. 788; XVI.
812'; XXII. 368; as writer, X. 534;
hymns by, XII. 588.
ZiON, hill, Jerusalem, xill. 639. See
also article Temple.
ZiPHlus, genus of cetacean mammals,
XV. 396.
Zircon, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 390; as
precious stone, xiii. 532.
Zirconium, chemical element, xxiv.
789; V. 538.
Zirites, Empire of the, in Tunis, xxiil.
620.
ZisKA, John, Hussite leader, xxiv. /90;
XII. 407.
ZiTTAU, town. Saxony, xxiv. 790.
ZlVAD, brother of caliph Moawiya I.,
XVI. 566.
ZlZA, Palermo, Sicily, Catacombs of, v.
331-
ZiziTH, Jewish prayer-fringe, xix. i.
ZiZKA, John, Hussite leader, xxiv. 790;
XII. 407.
ZlZYPHUS, genus of plants, xill. 767.
Zlatoust, town, Russia, xxiv. 790;
XXIII. 717.
Zlotopol, town, Russia, xiv. 69.
Zmeinogorsk, town, Russia in Asia,
XXII. 11; xxiil. 439.
Znaim, or Znaym, town, Moravia, XXIV.
790.
ZoAN, ancient town, Egypt, Vll. 769.
ZOANTHARIA, order of corals, vi. 369.
ZOBAAH, whirlwind of sand, Egypt, vil.
703-
ZOBAH, ancient state, Syria, XXII. 822.
ZOBAIR B. Bakkar, Arab historian,
XXIII. 3.
Zoblitz, Saxony, Serpentine rock of,
XXI. 683.
Zodiac, xxiv. 791; astrological meaning
of, II. 740; signs of, II. 771; Dupuis's
theory of signs of, vil. 550; Egyptian
zodiacs, VII. 78.
Zodiacal Light, xxiv. 796; 11. 790.
ZoE, wife of Michael IV., Byzantine
emperor, XVI. 226.
Zoea, stage in development of Crustacea,
VI. 644.
Zoellner's Figure, in optics, viii.
827.
Zoghawas, tribe, Central Africa, xxiii.
334-
ZoHAiR, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
Zohar, sacred book of the Kabbalah, I.
463; XIII. 813.
, Midrash, XVI. 2S6.
Zoharites, Jewish sect, Xlll. 681.
ZOISITE, mineral, XVI. 409.
Zollner, Johann Carl Friedrich, Ger-
man astronomer and physicist, XXIV.
798; his figure in optics, vill. 827;
on the light of the moon, II. 802; on
uranometry, xviil. 841.
ZoLLVEREiN, German customs union,
X. 455, 505.
ZoLOTONOSHA, tcwn, Eussia, xix.
410.
ZOMBOR, town, Hungary, xxiv. 798.
ZONARAS, Joannes, Byzantine historian
and theologian, xxiv. 798.
Zones, climatic, vi. 2.
, of crystals, xvi. 352.
Zooglcea, in development of Schizomy-
cetes, xxi. 401, 402.
Zoological Regions, vii. 269.
Zoological Societies, xxii. 225.
Zoology, xxiv. 799; 11. 49.
ZoOPHORUS, in architecture, II. 475.
Zoospores, reproductive organs in
plants, XX. 423.
Zooxanthella, genus of parasitic
Algae, xix. 852.
ZoPF, W., his researches on Schizomy-
cetes, XXI. 399.
Zorgite, mineral, XVI. 391.
Zorilla, Jos^, Spanish poet and drama-
tist, xxn. 361.
ZORNDORF, Prussia, Battle of (1758),
III. 128; xxL 99.
Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism,
XXIV. 820; XVIII. 325.
Zoroastrianism, Oriental religion,
XXIV. 822; xviii. 607; XX. 360;
sacred book of, xxiv. 775; xvill. 653;
language of the sacred book, xvill.
134-
ZORRIMO, Patagonian skunk, xvill.
353-
ZORRO, Patagonian fox, xviil. 353.
ZOSIMUS, or Zozimus, bishop of Rome,
XXIV. 824; XIX. 491; his attitude in
the Pelagian controversy, xviii. 472.
, Greek historian, xxiv. 823.
, the Theban, his chemical dis-
coveries, I. 462.
Zosterops, bird, xxiv. 824.
Zouaves, of French army, origin of the
name, xili. 815.
Zouch, Richard, English jurist, XXiTl
824.
Zoutpansberg, mountains, Sonti.
Africa, xxin. 517.
Zozimus, or Zosimus (q-v.), bishop of
Rome, XXIV. 824.
Zrinyi, Count, defender of Cziget, Hun-
gary (1566), XXIII. 644.
Zschokke, Johann Heinrich Daniel,
German writer, xxiv. 824.
ZUBSTOFF, town, Russia, xxiiL 672.
Zuccaro, or Zucchero, Federigo, Italian
painter, XXIV. 825.
, Taddeo, Italian painter, xxiv.
825.
ZUCCHI, Antonio, Venetian artist, XIV.
16.
ZUG, canton, Switzerland, xxiv. 826;
XXII. 783; town, XXIV. 826.
, Lake of, Switzerland, xxil. 777.
Zugur, island. Red Sea, XX. 316.
Zula (Zulla), town. Red Sea, Africa,
xxrv. 826.
ZULALI, Persian romance-writer, XVIII.
660.
ZuLLA, town, on Red Sea, Africa, xxiv.
826.
Zulpich, ■^russia, Battle of (496), X.
476.
Zulu-Kaffres, group of people. South
Africa, xvil. 319; of the Transvaal,
XXIII. 518.
7ULULAND, territory, South Africa,
XXIV. 827.
480
Z U L — z y R
Zulu Language, xxiv. S27; diction-
aries of, VII. 192.
Zulus, race of people, South Africa,
XXIV. 828; XIII. 81S; myths of, xvn.
147.
ZUMALACARREGUI, Tomas, Carlist
general, Spain, XXII. 346.
ZUMBO, town, on Zambesi river, Africa,
XXIV. 765.
ZUMMARAH, musical instrument, xvii.
707.
ZUMPE, Johann, pianoforte mechanician,
XIX. 72.
ZUNDERERZ, mineral, xvi. 388.
ZUNIS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 827;
totem sacrifices among, XXIII. 471.
ZUNJUN, or Zanjan, town, Persia, XVIII.
62S.
ZuNZ, Leopold, Jewish writer, Xlll. 682.
ZUPANS, Servian chiefs, XXI. 688.
ZUPO, Kz, mountain, North Italy, XXIV.
45-
ZuRBARAN, Francisco, Spanish painter,
XXIV. 829; XXI. 440, 443.
Zurich, or Ziirich, canton, Switzerland,
XXIV. 829; XXII. 78 1, 783, 790;
Zwingli's Eeformation movement in,
XXIV. 833.
, town, Switzerland, XXIV. S30;
XXIL 783; observatory at, XVII. 713;
university, XXin. 851; treaty of
(1859), IX. 625.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XI v. 220;
XXII. 777.
ZURITA, Geronimo de, Spanish historian,
XXII. 359.
ZUTPHEN, town, Guelderland, Holland,
XXIV. S3 1.
ZuYDER Zee, Holland, xil. 60 : xvii.
563.
ZweiBRUCKEN, town, E.ivaria, VIJ
134-
Zwickau, to^^^l, Saxony,, xxiv. 831,
Zwieselite, mineral, xvi. 408.
ZwiNGLl, Huldreich, Swiss Reformer,
XXIV. 832; XV. 81; XX. 331; XXII.
790; on the Anabaptists, III. 353; on
church order, XIX. 676.
Zwolle, town, Holland, XXIV. 834;
~ XVIH. 78.
ZVENKOFF, town, Poltava, Eussia, xix.
410.
ZVG.ENA, genus of sharks, xxi. 776.
ZygobrancHIA, order of MoUusca, XVI.
645.
Zygospore.^, group of plants, in. 693.
Zymotic Diseases, xxiv. S34.
Zyrianovsk, or Zyryanovsk, to^vn,
Russia in Asia, XXII. 1 1 ; XXlIl.
439-
i;.N"l> OK INLIif.i.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
25—28
LIST
COJ^TRIBUTORS TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANK'ICA,
NINTH EDITION,
WITH THE miTIAlS WHICH HAVE BEEK AFFIXED TO THEIR RESPECTIVE ARTICLES.
A.
H
A.
A.
S.
A.
C.
G.
A.
C.
K. A.
9
A
A.
E.
A.
E.
A.
A.
E.
S.
A.
F.
A.
F.
A. A.
G.
A.
G.
H
A.
G.
I.
A.
G.
J-
A.
H. E. A.
H. L. A.
J. A. .
J. An. .
J. B. A.
J. O. A.
A. HiLLiAHD Atteridge, London.
Kev. A. S. AoLEif, M.A., Alyth.
Dr Claes Annerstedt, Librarian to the Cnjver-
sity of Upsala [article Upsala].
Rev. C. G. Ames, Philadelphia.
C. K. Adams, ll.d., Professor of History, Uni-
versity of Michigan.
D. A. AiED, Editor of the "Forge and
Lathe."
Edward Areer, Professor of English, Mason
Science College, Birmingham.
Rev. Edwin A. Abbott, d.D., author of " Cam-
bridge Sermons."
Mrs Armitage.
F. Arnold.
Sir Frederick A. Abel, c.b., d.c.l., f.r.s.,
Director of the Chemical Establishment, Royal
Arsenal, Woolwich
Grant Allen.
Rev. G. H. Atkinson, Portland, Oregon.
Prof. G. I. AscoLi, Milan.
G. J. Allman, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Mathe-
matics, Queen's College, Galway.
H. E. Armstrong, Ph.D., f.r.s.. Professor of
Chemistry, London Institution.
Colonel H. L. Abbot, U.S. Engineers.
JnLES Andried.
Joseph Anderson, ll.d., Secretary, Scottish
Society of Antiquaries.
James Adam, m.a., Fellow of Emmanuel College,
Cambridge [articles Simonides, &c.].
Joseph Atkinson, Newark, N.J. [article
Newark].
J. B. Atkinson, author of " Schools of Modem
Art in Gcrnmny."
J. 0. Affleck, m.d.. Medical Examiner, University
of Edinburgh.
M
.A. .
O
A. ."
P.
P. A.
R.
A. .
R.
Ad..
R.
Al..
R.
An.
S. A.
T.
A. . .
T.
A. A. .
W
deW.A
W
E. A. .
v<
E.A.A.
w
G. A. .
vv
L. A. .
A.
B. . .
A.B*. .-
A.
Ba. . .
A. Br.. .
A. B. B. .
Matthew Arnold, ll.d., d.cl.
Osmund Airy, Editor of the " Lauderdiilo
Letters."
P. P. Alexander (the late), St Andrews.
Roger Acton, London.
Robert Adamson, ll.d.. Professor of Logic.
Owens College, Manchester.
Sir Edtherfobd Alcock, k.c.b.
E. RowAND Anderson, ll.6., Aixhitect, Edin-
burgh.
R E. Allardice, Edinburgh [articles Poncellt,
Robert AL, &c.].
E. E. Anderson, London [articles Manin, School-
craft, &c.].
Prof. Samuel Aughey, State Geologist. Lincoln,
Nebraska.
Thomas Arnold, m.a., O.xford.
T. A. Archer, O.xford.
Cap"tain TV. de W. Abney, r.e., F.R.S., autnor of
" Instructions in Photography."
Wm. E. Aytoun, d.c.l., author of " Lays of the
Scottish Cavaliers."
W. E. a. Axon, f.r.s.l., Manchester.
W. G. Abbot, Hartford, Connecticut
Rev. W. Lindsay Alexander, d.d., ll.d.
B
Alex. Bdchan, ll.d., Secretarj, Meteorological
Society of Scotland.
Alex. Bain, ll.d., author of " The Emotions and
the Will."
Prof. Adolfo Bartoli, Florence.
Alexander Bruce, ji.a., u.d., Edinburgh.
Eev. Alex. Beverley, ll.d. [articles Acta
DiURNA, Acta Senatus, &c.].
Prof. A. Brill, Polytechnicum, Munich Tarticle
SlATHEIiLiTICAL DraWINg].
Miss A. B. Buckley, author of "A Short History
of Natural Science."
484
LIST OF
A. C. B.
A.
G.
B. .
A.
J-
B.
A.
M
B.
B.
B.
C.
B.
C.
Bi
C.
A.
B.
C.
A.
Br.
C. A. G. B
C.
B.
B. .
C.
E.
D.B.
C.
F.
B.
C.
N.
B. .
C.
O.
B.
C.
V.
B.
C.
\V
B.
C.
W
Bo.
D
B
D
Br.
E
B.
c.
. c.
E. A. B.
E.
D.
B.
E.
D.
Bu
E.
H.
B.
E.
L.
B.
E.
W
B.
F.
B.
F.
E.
B.
F.
H.
B.
C. B.
G. Br.
G. D. B.
A. Crum Brown, m.d., ll.d., f.r.s., Piofessor of
Chemistry, University of Edinburgh.
A. E. Bateman, Board of Trade, London [article
Bo>ARD or Trade].
Prof. A. G. Bourne, Presidency College, Madras.
A. J. Butler, m.a.. Examiner H.M. Education
Department, London.
A. M. Broadlet, author of " Tunis, Past and
Present."
Benjamix Baker, c.e., London.
Rev. Charles Boutell, author of "English
Heraldry."
Miss Clementina Black, author of " Orlando."
C. A. Buchheim, Ph.D., Professor of German
Literature, King's College, London.
Rev. Prof. C. A. Briggs, d.d., Union Theological
Seminary, New York.
Captain C. A. G. Bridge, r.n.
Charles Bertram Black, late of Santiago, ChOi.
C. E. D. Black, Clerk for Geographical Records,
India Office, London.
F. Bastable, M.A., Professor of Political
Economy, Queen's College, Galway.
NoRiLAX Bazalgette, Barrister-at-Law.
London.
Captain C. Ord Browne, R.A., Lecturer on
Armour Plates, Woolwich.
C. V. Boys, Science School, South Kensington.
Rev. C. W. Bingham, m.a., Melcombe Horsey,
Dorset.
Rev. C. W. BoASE, M.A., Lecturer in Modem
History, Exeter College, Oxford.
Rev. David Balsillie, m.a., late House Governor
of Donaldson's Hospital, Edinburgh.
Sir Dietrich Brandis, k.c.i.e., Ph.D., f.r.s.
Sir Edmund Beckett, Bart., Q.c, LL.D, (Lord
Grimthorpe), author of " Clocks and Locks."
E. a. Bond, ll.d., C.b., late Keeper of the British
Museum.
Edwin Dam pier Brickwood, London.
E. D. Butler, British Museum.
Sir Edward H. Bunburt, Ban., author of
" History of Ancient Geography."
E. L. Burlingame, Scribner'a Magazine, New
York.
Edward W. Brabrook, f.s.a.. Registry of
Friendly Societies, London.
Prof. Febre Barnabei, Director of Museum of
Antiquities, Rome.
Frajnxis Evers Beddakd, M.A., Zoological
Gardens, London.
F. H. Butler, m.a., Assoc. R. S. Mines, London.
F. Jeffrey Bell, b.a., Professor of Comparative
Anatomy, King's College, London [article
Hedgehog].
Sir George Birdwood, m.d., c.s.i.
Prof. George Bryce, Manitoba College, Winni-
peg, Canada.
George Burnett, LL.D., Scottish Lyon King at
Arms [articles Mar, &c.].
Very Rev. Geo. David Boyle, m.a., Dean of
Salisbury.
G. G. B.
G. H. B.
G. v. B.
G. W. B.
H. B. .
H. B. B.
H. F. B.
J. B. .
.Bi. .
. Bl. .
. Bo. .
. Br. .
. C. B.
. E.
B. .
. F.
E. .
-G.
B. .
. G.
Ba. .
. H
B. .
. H
Bl. .
.8.
B. .
. S.
Bl. .
.T.
B. .
.T.
Br. .
.T.
W. B.
.Y.
B. .
M. B. .
M
M.
B.
N.
B.
O.
B.
P.
B.
R.
B.
R.
Ba
R.H.M.B
R.
M.
B.
Very Rev. G. Granville Bradley, d.d., Dean c:
Westminster.
G. H. BiANCHi, M.A., St Peter's College, Cam-
bridge.
G. Phillips Bevan, author of " Industrial Classes
and Statistics" [articles Flannel, Flowers].
G. von Bunsen, Berlin.
George W. Balfour, m.d., Edinburgh.
H. Bauerman, F.G.S., author of " Metallurgy of
Iron."
H. B. Briggs, London.
H. F. Brown, Venice.
John Ball, m.a., f.r.s., author of " The Alpine
Guide."
Hon. John Bigelow, New York.
James Blyth, m.a.. Professor of Natural Ptilo-
Eophy, Anderson's CoUege, Glasgow.
James Bonwick, author of " The Lost Tasmanian
Race."
James Bryce, ll.d., d.c.l,, m.p., Regius Professoi*
of Ci\Tl Law, University of Oxford.
James Burnley, Bradford [article Bradford].
J. C. BucKMASiER, Art Division, South Ken-
sington.
J. E. Bailey, Manchester.
John F. Bateman, f.r.s.. President of the
Institution of Civil Engineers, London.
J. G. Bertram, author of " Harvest of the Sea."
J. Gilbert Baker, f.r.s.. Royal Herbarium,
Kew.
J. Hutton Balfour (the late), M.D., f.r.s., R«gius
Keeper, Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
Rev. J. H. Blunt, d.d., author of " Dictionary of
Doctrinal and Historical Theology."
J. Stuaet Blackie, ll.d., late Professor of Greek,
University of Edinburgh.
John Sutherland BlaAk, m.a.. Assistant Editor
of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
J. T. BuNCE, F.S.S., Birmingham.
J. Taylor Brown, Edinburgh.
J. T. Bealby, b.a. [articles Talea, &c.].
J. T. W. Bacot, Seaton, Devon.
J. Y. Buchanan, f.r.s., late of the "Challenger"
Expedition.
Montague Browne, author of "Practical Taxi-
dermy."
M. M. Backus, Fur Merchant, New York.
Sir Nathaniel Baknaby, k.c.b., late Director of
Naval Construction, Whitehall.
Oscar Browning, m.a., FeDow of King's College,
Cambridge.
Peter Bayne, ll.d., author of " Life and Letters
of Hugh Miller."
Robert Brown, Ph.D, author of "Races of
Mankind."
Richa-RD Bagwell, m.a., D.L., of Innialonagh.
Clonmel, Ireland.
R. H. M. Bosanquet, Professor of Acousti.i,
Royal CoUege of Music, London.
R. M. Ballaniyne, author of "The Lito
Boat."
CONTRIBUTORS
485
r.. s. B.
s. B. .
S. F. B.
S. H. B.
T. B. .
T. S. B.
U. B. .
W. B. .
W. BE.
W. C. B.
w
J.B. .
w
T. B. .
A.
c. ■. .
A.
C*. . .
A.
Ca. . .
A. B. C.
A. H. C
A. M. ^.
A.
R. C
A.
S. C.
B.
C. .
C.
C. .
C.
Co. .
Sir Robert S. Ball, LL.d., f.r.s., Astronomer-
Royal of Ireland.
Samuel Birch, ll.d., d.c.l., late Keeper of
Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British
Museum.
Spencer F. Baibd, ll.d., author of "Food of
Fishes of the United States."
S. H. BoRBURT, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, London.
Sajiuel p. Bates [article Hooker, Joseph].
Thomas Bolas, f.c.S., London.
Thomas Bayne, Helensburgh [article Philips,
Ambrose and John].
T. Craig Brown, author of " History of Selkirk-
shire " [article Selkirk].
Thomas Spencer Baynes (the late), LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Logic, University of St Andrews,
and Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
II Conte Ugo Balzani, Borne.
Rev. W. Braden, author of "The Beautiful
Gleaner."
Walter Besant.
Wm. Blades, author of "Numismata Typo-
graphica" [article Gutenberg].
W. C. Bartlett, ll.d., San Francisco.
W. DE Grey Birch, British Museum [article
Griffin].
W. G. Binnet, author of "Shells of North
America " [article Gould].
W. Harneth Blanch, author of '' Dulwich Col-
lege and Edward Alleyn" [article Dul-
wich].
W. H. Browne, Baltimore [article Baltimore].
W. H. Brewer, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale
College, New Haven, Conn, [article Wheat,
American].
Rev. W. J. Brodribb, h.a., Wootton i.ivers
Rectory, Wilts.
W. T. Brantly, Baltimore, Md.
c
Alexander Cruickshank, ll.d., Aberdeen.
Rev. Arthur Carr, ii.a., St Sebastian Vicarage,
Wokingham, Berks.
Arthur Cayley, ll.d., f.r.s., Sadlerian Pro-
fessor of Pure Mathematics, University of
Cambridge.
Rev. Andrew Carter, Stirling [articles Ki;n,
Lyte].
Miss A. CoRKRAN [article Hume, Joseph].
Rev. Arch. Browninq Conne'll, m.a., Dundee.
A. H. Church, f.r.s., Professor of Chemistry,
Royal Academy of Arts, London.
Miss A. JL Clerke, author of "History of
Astronomy during the 19th Century."
Col. Alex. Ross Clarke, r.e., c.b., f.r.s.
A. S. Cole, Art Division, South Kensington.
Benjamin Carrington, London.
Bernard Cracroft (the late), member of London
Stock E.\change [article Account].
Charles Creighion, m.a., m.d., London.
Ca.\.RLES Cooper, Editor of the Scotsman,
Edinburgh.
C. C. c.
C. G. C.
C. H. C.
C. R. C.
D. C. .
D.
K. C. .
E.
C. . .
E.H.H. C.
F.
C. . .
F.
C. H. C.
F.
DE C. .
F.
E.G. .
F.
H. C. .
F.
J.C. .
F.
M. C.
F.
W. C.
F.
W. C*.
F.
W. Co.
G
C. .
G
Ch. .
G
G. C.
G
P. C.
G
T. C.
G
W. C.
G
W. Ca.
H
. C. .
J-
C. .
J-
Cl. .
J-
Co. .
J. A. C.
J. A. Cl.
J. C. C.
J. D. C.
Col. Charles Cornwallis Chbsney, r.e., author
of " Waterloo Lectures."
Rev. C. G. Curtis, m.a.. Chaplain to the British
Embassy, Pera.
Charles H. Coote, British Museum.
Major CoNDER, R.E., Director of Palestine Explor-
ing Expedition.
Donald Campbell, m.d., f.s.a., Ballachulish,
Argyllshire.
D. Kinnear Clark, c.e., London.
Edward Caird, ll.d.. Professor of Moral Philo-
sophy, University of Glasgow.
Miss E. Clerke, Loudon [article Matilda].
Lieut.-Col. E. H. H. Collen, r.a., c.s.i., Bengal
Staff Corps.
Rev. F. Crombie, d. d., Professor of Divinity,
University of St Andrews
F. Chapman, Dunedin, N.Z. [article Dunedin].
Lieut.-CoL F. C. H. Clarke, R.a., c.m.g.
, F. DE Chaumont, m.d., late Professor of Military
Hygiene, Army Medical School, Netley.
, Francis E. Colenso, m.a., Barrister-at-Law,
London.
, F. Hayne Carter, ca., author of " Practical
Book-Keeping."
. F. J. Campbell, Principal of Royal Normal Col-
lege for the Blind, Upper Norwood, London.
. F. M. Caird, m.b., f.r.cs.e.. Lecturer on Sur-
gery, Edinburgh.
. F. W. Clark (the late), ll.d., Sheriff of Lanark-
shire.
Francis Warre Cornish, m.a., Eton CoUege.
Frederick W. Cosens, f.s.a., London.
. Lieut. -General G. T. Chesney, c.b., c.s.i., CLE.
. Geo. Chrystal, m.a., ll.d.. Professor of Mathe-
matics, University of Edinburgh.
Rev. Geo. B. Carr, Edinburgh [article Bede].
. George G. Chisholm, m.a., b.Sc., London,
. Maj. -General Sir George Pomeroy Collet (the
late), K.C.S.I., C.M.G.
. Geo. Thos. Clark of Tal-y-gam, Glamorganshire.
. Rev. Sir George W. Cox, Bart., author of "A
History of Greece."
. George W. Cable, author of " Old Creole Days."
. Hugh Cleqhorn, m.d., author of "Forests and
Gardens of South India."
H. M. Chichebter, London [article Roy, Wm.].
. John Chiene, ^LD., Professor of Surgery, Uni-
versity of Edinburgh.
. John Cleland, m.d., ll.d., f.r.s.. Professor of
Anatomy, University of Glasgow.
. James Collins, London.
James Collier, London [articles Al-Farabi, Al-
Gazali, Al-Kindi].
. Joseph A. Crowe, c.b., author of " Painting in
Italy."
. John Algernon Clarke, London.
. J. W. CoMYNS Carr, author of " Essays in Art."
.. John D. Champlin, jim.. New York.
Rev. Jas. Freeman Clarke, d.d., Boston, Mass.
[article Flint, Timothy].
486
LIST OF
G. C.
L. C.
M. C.
S. C.
S. Co.
T. C.
L.
C. .
L.
H. C.
M
. C. .
M
. Ca.
M
. D. C.
M
. W. C
O
P. C.
P.
C. .
P.
Ca. .
P.
L. C.
P
T. C.
R
C. .
R. Ca. .
R. C. C.
R. W. C.
S. C.
T. C. .
T. C. C.
T. K. C.
T. K. Ch.
T. W. C.
W. C. .
W. CH.
W. Cu.
Rev. J. G. Oazenove, D.D., author of "The A
Priori Argument of God."
JosmjA L. Chambehlain, President, Bowdoin
College, Brunswickj Maine.
Rev. James M. Cbombie, author of "Lichenes
Britarinici."
Rev. J. S. Can-dlish, d.d., Professor of Divinity,
Free Church College, Glasgow.
J. S. CoTTOx, M.A., author of India, in "Colonies
and Dependencies Series."
J. T. CuNNlXGHAM, M.A., Fellow of University
College, Oxford.
Lewis Campbell, ll.d.. Professor of Greek,
University of St Andrews.
The Right Hon. Leoxakd H. Cohrtnet, m.a., m.p.
, Rev. Makdell Creighton, ll.d., d.cl., Dixie
Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University
of Cambridge, Canon of 'Worcester.
Prof. lioRiTZ Cantor, Ph.D., University of
Heidelberg.
SIoxcTjRE D. CosWAT, author of " The 'Wandering
Jew."
. Morgan 'W. Crofton, d.sc, f.r.s., Fellow of the
Royal University of Ireland.
, Rev. 0. PicKARD Cambridge, m.a., author of
" New and Rare Spiders."
. Capt. Philip Cardew, r.e., Instructor in Electri-
city, School of Military Engineering, Chatham
. Peter Cameros, author of Hymenoptera in
" Biologia Centrali-Americana."
. P. L. Connellan, Rome.
. Prof. P. T. Cleve, University of Upsala.
. Richard Cvulfield, ll.d., author of "Holy
Trinity Parish, Cork."
. Robert Carruthers, ll.d., author of "Life of
Alexander Pope."
. Richard C. Christie, Staines.
. Very Rev. Richard 'Wm. Church, m.a., d.C.L,
Dean of St Paul's, London.
Reginald 'W. Corlass [article Kicholson].
. Sidney Colvin, m.a., Keeper of Prints and Draw-
ings, British Museum.
■\Iiss S. D. Collet, author of "Outlines and
Episodes of Brahmic History" [article Roy
Ramsiahun].
S. R. Crocker [article Columbia, S.C.].
. Thomas Codrington, c.e., Local Government
Board, 'Whitehall.
Thompson Cooper, author of " Biographical Dic-
tionary " [articles Capgr AVE, Challoner, &c.].
. T. C. Chamberlin, President, State University of
Wisconsin, Madison.
. Rev. T. Kelly Cheyne, d.d., Oriel Professor of
Interpretation of Scripture, Oxford.
, T. K. Chambers,' m.d., author of " A Manual of
Diet."
. T. W. Cameron, Newcastle.
. Wu. Crookes, F.R.S., President of the Cliemical
Society, London.
.' 'Wm. Ceappell, author of " A History of Music."
. Rev. "Wm. Cusnixgham. b.d., Trinity College,
Cambridge.
W.A.B. C. Rev. "U'. A. B. Coolidge, m.a.. Editor of "The
Alpine Journal
W. B. C. . 'Wm. B. Carpenter, m.d., c.b., ll.d., f.r.s.
■W. B. C*. W. E. CooLEY, U.S. Post Office Department.
W. C. Cochrane, Attorney, Cincinnati, 0. [article
Lynch Law].
'W. E. C. . 'Wm. Edmund Crothers, Belfast.
■W. L. C. . Rev. 'W. Lucas Collins, m.a.. Editor of " Ancient
Classics for English Readers."
W. L. R. C. 'W. L. R. Gates, joint author of " EncycloDsedia
of Clironology."
W. P. C. . 'W. Prideaux Courtney, Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, 'Whitehall.
W. T. C. . W. T. Chester, New York.
D
A. D. . . H. Austin Dobbon, author of " At the Sign ci
the Lyre."
A. DE. . Alex. Del Mar, author of "History of the
Precious Metals."
A. Dendy, b.Sc, F.L.S. [article 'Wight, Isle ofj.
A. B. D. , Rev. A. E. Davidson, d.d., ll.d., Professor of
Hebrew, New College, Edinburgh.
Alex. P. Davidson, Edinburgh [articles.
Geigeb, Gothenburg].
C. M. Doughty', author of " Travels in Arabia "
[article Oneiza].
D. W. D. . S. 'Wright Dunning, New York.
Edwin Dunkin, f.r.s., author of "Notices of
Astronomers " [article Hansen].
E. S. D. . Eneas S. Dallas, author of " Poetics, an Essay
on Poetry."
E. S. Dr. Eaton S. Drone, author of "Law of Copyright
and Playright."
F. B. Dexter, Professor of American History,
Yale College, Conn, [article New Haven].
. Francis Darwin, m.a., jlb., f.r.s., author of
" The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin."
. F. de Chaumont, ^^D., late Professor of Military
Hygiene, Royal Army Jledical School, NeUey.
. Frederick Drummond, Brighton.
. Surgeon-Major G. E. DoBSON, F.Z.S., F.R.S., author
of " Insectivora, Systematic and Anatomical."
G. H. D. . Geo. H. Darwin, ll.d., f.r.s., Plumian Professor
of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy,
University of Cambridge.
G. P. D. . Rev. G. Palmer Davies, Berlin
H. D. . . Rev. Prof. Henry Drummond, m.a., author of
" Tropical Africa."
H. Deby, Brussels [articles MECHLIN, OsTENB,
&c.].
Rev. H. M. Dexter, Boston, Mass. [artide
Mather].
I. D. . . Israel Davis, Barrister-at-Law, London.
J. D. . .James Donaldson, ll.d. Principal of St
Andrews University.
J. D'*. . . John Dowson, late Professor of Hindustani,
University College, London.
J. Dt. . . John DA'ns,Ed'tor of the rriiiiKc, Junction City,
Kansas.
J Da. . . Rev. James Da'sies (the late), M.A., Piebendary of
Herefo'-"u Cathedra!
F.
D.
F.
DE
C.
F.
Dr.
G.
E.
D.
CONTRIBUTORS.
487
J-
D.
D.
J-
E.
D.
J-
F.
D.
J-
L.E.D
K
E
D.
M
. D
R
K.
D
S.
D.
S.
A.
D.
S.
W
D
T.
D.
J. Do. . . John Dora.n, Ph.D., author of " Memories of our
Great Towns."
James Dewab, m.a., f.r.s., Jacksonian Professor
of Natural E.'cperimental Philosophy,
University of Cambridge [articles Acid,
Ammoxlv, &c.].
J.UIES Drexsan", Land Valuator, Ayr.
J. Dalziel Dodgall, author of "Shooting, its
Appliances, Practice, and Pui-pose."
J. E. Davis, late Legal Adviaer, Metropolitan
Police, London.
Sir i Frederick Dickson, K.c.M.G.jlateof Ceylon.
J. L. E. Dreter, Ph.D., Ajstronomer, Armagh
Observatory.
J. R. Drake [article Foster, S. C.].
Kenelm E. Digbt, M.A., Barrister-at-Law,
Loudon.
Rev. Marcus Dods, d.d., author of " Mohammed,
Buddha, and Christ."
M. Delgueure, Brussels [article Louvain].
P. E. Dote, London [articles Jung, Knot].
Robert K. Douclab, Professor of Chinese, King's
College, LocdoiL
Rev. SAituEL Davidson, D.D., author of " In-
troduction to the Old and New Testament"
Samuel A. Drake, New York.
S. Wright Dunning, New York.
Thomas Davidson, ll.d., author of " British
Fossil Brachiopoda."
T. Da. . . Thos. Davidson, author of " The Philosophical
System of Rosmini."
Thos. Davidson, Edinburgh [article Macneill].
T.W.R. D. T. W. Rhys Davids, Ph.D., ll.d.. Professor of
Pali and Buddhist Literature, University
College, London.
Victor Dingelstedt, Tiflis [articles Shemakha,
Shusha].
W. D. . . Wm. Dittmah, ll.d., F.R.S., Professor of Chemis-
try, Anderson's College, Glasgow.
W. De. . Prof. WiLHELM Deecke, Ph.D., author of " Corssen
und die Sprache der Etruscer. "
Wm. Durie [articles Alfred, &c.].
W. B. D. . W. Boyd Dawkins, M.a., F.S.A., F.C.S., F.R.S.,
Professor of Geology, Owens Collie, Man-
chester.
W. B. d' Almeida, f.r.g.s., Barrister-at-Law,
London [articles Malacca, Manila].
Sir Wm. Fettes Douglas, ll.d., p.r.s.a. [article
Gordon, Watson].
W.T.T.D. W. T. Thiselton Dyer, b.sc, c.m.g., f.r.s.,
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
E
A. B. E. . Miss Ajielia B. Edwards, author of "A Thousand
Miles up the Nile."
A. C. E. . Alex. C. Ewald, f.s.a.. Public Record Office,
London.
A. J. E. . Arthur J. Evans, M.a., author of "Through
Bosnia on Foot,"
A. J. E*. . Alex. J. Ellis, f.s.a., author of " Early English
Pronunciation."
C. B. E. Lieut. -General Charles B. Ewart, r.e., C.b.
C. I. E. . Charles I. Elton, b.a., q.c, m.p., London.
Dan. Giraud Elliot, author of " Monograph of
the Felidas " [article Jaguab].
E. E. . . Lady Eastlake, author of " Memoir of Sir
Charles Eastlake."
E.Ed.. . Edward Edwards, author of "Libraries and
Founders of Libraries."
Frank M. Esting, Philadelphia, Pa. [article
QlRARD, S.].
G. E. E. . Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, d.d., Boston, Mas.s.
Rev. Geo. H. Emerson, d.d.. Editor of "Chris-
tian Leader," Boston, Mass. [article Untver-
SALISTS].
H. E. . . Hermann Eth4 p1i.d., Professor of Oriental
Languages, University College, Aberystwith.
J. E. . . Julius Eggeling, Ph.D., Professor of Sanskrit,
University of Edinburgh.
J. A. E. . J. A. Ewing, e.Sc, F.R.S., Professor of Engineer-
ing, University College, Dundee.
Rev. Robert Ewing, m.a., St John's College,
Oxford [article ShaIRp].
W. K. E. . Col. W. Kidston Elles, C.b., Adjutant-General in
India.
A. F. . .
A. C. F. .
A. H. F. .
A. M. F. .
A. M.-F. .
C. A. F. .
C. A. M. F.
C. C. P. F.
C. L. N. F.
D. W. F. .
E. F. . .
E. A. F. .
F. F. . .
F. W. F. .
G. F. . .
G. Fl. . .
G. H. F. .
H. J. E. F.
H. O. F. .
J. F. . .
J. Fr. . .
J. G. F. .
F
A. Fuhrer, Ph.D., Allahabad.
A. Casipbell Eraser, ll.d., d.c.l., Professor of
Logic and Metaphysics, University of Edin-
burgh.
Rev. A. Hollingworth Frost, m.a., Cambridge.
Rev. A. M. Fairbairn, d.d.. Principal, Mans-
field Independent College, Oxford.
A Morel.Fatio, Ecole Nationale des Charles,
Paris.
C. Alan Fyffe, m.a., author of " A History of
Modern Europe."
Charles A. M. Fennell, Lin.D., Cambridge.
Captain C. C. Penrose Fitzgerald, r.n.
C. Le Neve Foster, d.Sc, H.M. Inspector cf
Metalliferous Mines.
Douglas W. FreshfieLd, M.a., author of "The
Italian Alps."
Right Hon. Lord Justice Sir Edward Fry, f.r.s.
E. A. Freeman, LL.D., d.c.l., Regius Professor of
Modern History, University of Oxford.
Francis Francis, author of "A Book on Angling."
Ven. F. W. Farrar, D.D., F.R.S., Archdeacon
of Westminsicr.
George Ferguson, ll.d., late Professor of
Humanity, University of St Andrews.
George Fleming, ll.d., c.b.. Principal Veterinary
Surgeon, War Office, London.
Rev. Geo. Hay Forbes, late of St Serfs, Burnt-
island.
H. J. E. Fraser, m.a.. Advocate, Edinburgh.
Henry 0. Forbes, author of "A Naturalist's
AVanderings in the Eastern Archipelaga"
John Ferguson, m.a.. Professor of Chemistry,
University of Glasgow.
Rev. John Eraser (the late), University of
Chicago.
J. G. Fitch. H.M. Inspector of Schools, Whitejiall
488
LIST OF
J-
G.
Fr.
J-
R.
F.
J-
T.
F.
J-
W.
F.
M
. F
M
.G
. F.
P.
F.
R
F.
•
R.
B.
F.
S. F. .
T. F. .
T.G.G.F.
W. F. .
w.
E. F.
w.
H. F.
w.
W. F
A. G. .
A. G*. .
A. Ga. .
A. Ge. .
A. Gi. .
A. Go..
A. Gr. .
A. B. G.
A. C. G.
. J. G. Frazer, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge.
. J. R. FlNDLAY, author of " Personal Becollectiona
of De Quincey."
. Rev. J. T. Fowler, u.a., Lecturer in HeDrew,
University of Durham.
. J. Walter Ferrier, St Andrews.
. Michael Foster, m.d., f.r.s., Professor of
Physiology, University of Cambridge.
. Mrs MiLLicKN-T Garrett Fawcett, author of
" Political Economy for Beginners."
. Percy Fitzgerald, author of " Romance of the
English Stage."
, Rev. Egbert Flint, d.d., ll.d., Professor of
Divinity, University of Edinburgh.
. Prof. R. B. Folton, University of Mississippi,
Oxford, Miss.
Robert W. Felkin, m.d., joint author of
" Uganda and the Eastern Soudan " [articles
Uganda, &c.].
Sir Samuel Ferguson, ll.d., q.c, late Deputy
Keeper of Public Records, Dublin.
Thomas Fowler, d.d.. Professor of Logic,
University of Oxford.
T. G. G. Faussett, Canterbury.
William Farr, m.d., d.c.l., f.r.s., CB., late
Superintendent of Statistics, Registrar-Gen-
eral's Office, London.
Rev. Wm. Ferguson, Barrow [article Barrow-in-
Furness].
William E. Foster, Providence, R.L
Wm. H. Flower, ll.d., f.r.s., CB., Director
of the Natural History Departments, British
Museum.
W. Wynne Ffodlkes, m.a., Chester.
G
The Eight Hon. Lord Grimthorpe, LL.D. (Sir
Edmund Beckett), author of " Clocks and
Locks."
, Major Arthur Griffiths, H.M. Inspector of
Prisons, Home Office, Whitehall
Arthur Gamgee, m.d., f.r.s., Fullerian Pro-
fessor of Physiology, Eoyal Institution of
Great Britain.
Andrew Garran, Editor of The Herald, Sydney,
N.S.W.
Archibald Geikie, ll.d., f.r.s., Director-
General, Geological Survey of the United
Kingdom.
Alexander Gibson (the late), m.a., Advocate,
Edinburgh.
Rev. Alex. Gordon, m.a., Belfast.
Sir Alexander Grant (the late), Bart., LL.D.,
D.C.L., Principal, University of Edinburgh.
Albert Gray, Barrister-at-Law, London [article
Laccadives].
Rev. A. B. Grosart, ll.d., author of "Life of
Michael Bruce."
AtBERT C. L. G. GuNTHER, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S.,
Keeper of the Zoological Department, British
Museum.
A. E. G.
A. G. G.
A. V. G.
C. G. .
C. D. G.
D. G. .
D. Gl. .
E.J.W.G.
E. L. G. .
E. P. G. .
E. V/. G. .
F. H. G. .
F. J. G. .
F. W. G. .
G. G. . .
G. B. G. .
H. G. . .
H. G*. .
H. Ga. .
H. Go. .
J. G.
J. Ga.
J. Gi.
J. Go.
J. Gr.
J. Gu.
J. E. G.
J. G. G.
J. G. G*.
J. H. G.
A.
A.
Angelo de Gubebnatis, Professor of t^Miscrit
and Comparative Literature, Reale istituto
Superiore, Florence [articles Gius'^i, QoL-
DONI, &c.].
E. Gough, m.a.. Principal of the Madrasa,
Calcutta.
G. Greenhill, m.a., Professor of Applied
Mathematics, Royal Artillery College, Wool-
wich.
A. VON GuiscHMiD (the late). Professor of Ancient
History, University of Tiibingen.
B.\RTHOLOMEw GuNSZT, London [articles Pbess-
BURG, &c.].
Charles Gibbon, author of "Life of George
Combe."
Rev. C. D. GiNSBURG, ll.d., author pi "Com-
mentary on Ecclcsiastes."
Sir Douglas Galton, k.c.b., ll.d., d.c.l., f.r.s.,
Chairman of Council, Society of Arts,
London.
David Gill, ll.d., f.r.s., Astronomer-Royal,
Cape of Good Hope.
Edwin. Goadby, York [articles Loughborough,
Scarborough].
E. J. W. Gibb, author of " Ottoman Poems."
Edwin L. Godkin, Editor of " The Xation,"
New York.
Commander Edwin J. P. Gallwey, r.n.
Edmund W. Gosse, m.a., author of " Studies in
the Literature of Modern Europe."
Francis Hindes Groome, Edinbui-gh.
Major-General Sir Frederic J. Goldsmid,
K.C.S.I., CB.
Rev. F. W. GoTCH, LL.D., Bristol.
George Grub, ll.d., Professor of Liiw, Aberdeen.
G. Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Hugh Godfray, m.a., late Fellow, St John's
College, Cambridge.
Henry Gannett, Geological and Geographical
Department, Washington, D.C.
Henri Gausseron.
Henby Gou&y, LL.B., Advocate, Edinburg'
James Glaisheb, f.r.s., President, Photographic
Society, London.
James Gairdner, Public Record Office, London.
John Gibson, author of " Science Gleanings."
J. GooDALL, Dulwich.
Joseph Green, author of " The Republic of Uru-
guay."
John Gunn, f.r.g.s., "Challenger" Expedition
Office.
Eev. John Gordon, KenihvorLh [article Baxter
Richard].
Prof. J. E. Goodrich, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt.
J. Grey Glover, m.d., London.
J. G. GooDCHiLD, Geological Survey Office,
London.
J. H. Gall^e, Ph.D., Professor of Teutonic
Languages, University of Utrecht.
CONTEIBUTORS.
489
Miss JuLir? H. Goodwin, Newport, R.I. [articles
Amherst, &c.].
John M. Gray, Curator, Scottish National Portrait
Gallery, Edinburgh.
Joseph Reat Greene, m.d., author of " Manual
of the Animal Kingdom."
J. Raymond Gasquet, m.b., Brighton.
John S. Stoabt-Glennie, author of " Pilgrim
Memories."
J. W. L. Glaisher, d.Sc, F.R.S., President, Royal
Astronomical Society, and Lecturer in Mathe-
matics, Trinity College, Cambridge.
K. Geldner, Ph.D., Professor of Philology, Uni-
versity of Halle.
K. E. Goebel, Ph.D., Professor of Botany, Uni-
versity of Kostock.
Pkof. LuDWiQ von Graff, pIi.d., University of
Graz, Austria.
M. J. DE Goeje, Ph.D., Professor of Arabic,
University of Leyden.
Percy Gardner, Litt.D., Disney Professor of
Archseology, University of Cambridge.
Patrick Geddes, Professor of Botany, University
College, Dundee,
Philip Lyttelton Gell, m.a., Balliol College,
Oxford.
Maj. -General Q. A. Gillmore, U.S. Army [article
Galveston].
Richard Gaknett, eld., British Museum.
Robert Gray, Peterhead.
Rev. R. B. Girdlestone, m.a., late Secretary,
British and Foreign Bible Society.
Stanislas Guyard, author of " Theorie Nouvelle
de la Metrique Arabe."
S. H. Gay, author of " A Popular History of the
United States" [articles Otis, Quincy,
Josiah].
S. Rawson Gardiner, ll.d., author of " History
of the Great Civil War."
Thomas Galloway, f.r.s., author of " Prob-
abUity."
Thomas Gilray, M.a., Professor of Modern History
and English Literature, University College,
Dundee.
Thomas Gray, b.Sc, f.r.s.e., Glasgow.
William Garnett, m.a., Principal, College of
Physical Science, Newcastle.
W. Gi. . Wm. Gisborne, author of " Official Handbook of
New Zealand, 1883-S4."
WiLLiAJt Guthrie, ll.d., Sheriff-Su'bstitute of
Lanarkshire [articles Abatement, &c.].
W. D. G. Wh. Duguid Geddes, ll.d., Principal, University
of Aberdeen.
Maj.-Gen. Sir W. H. R. Green, k.c.s.1., c.b.
[articles, Baluchistan, Khelat, &c.].
H
H. . . . The Right Hon. Lord Hodchton, d.c.l., f.r.s.,
author of " Monogiaphs, Personal and
Social."
A. H. . Abraham Hayward, q.c, author of " Biographi-
cal and Critical Es.say.»."
J. M. ^.'w .
J. R. & ,
J. R. Gv .
J. S. S.-;. ,
J.W.L.C.
K, G. . .
K. E.G.
L. V. G.
M J. DEM
p. G. . -
P. Ge. .
p. L. C.
R. G. ,
R. Or.
R. B. G.
St. G. .
s.
R.G.
r.
G. .
r.
G.I. .
r.
w
Gr.
. G. .
A.A.W.H.
A.
C.
H. .
A.
■F.
H. .
A.
J-
H. .
A.
S.
y. .
A.T.
H. .
A.
V.
H. .
A.
W
. H. .
C.
A.
H. .
C.
H
H. .
C.
H
H*.
E
H
E
H
a.
A, Ha. . Adolf Harnack, D.d., Professor of Church His-
tory, University of Berlin.
Alfred Hopkinson, m.a.. Professor of Juris-
prudence, Owens College, Manchester [articles
Gaios, &c.].
A. A. W. Hubrecht, Ph.D., LL.D., Profe.'s.sor of
Zoology, University of Utrecht.
A. C. Harris, Indianapolis, Ind.
A. F. Hutchison, m.a.. Rector, High School,
Stirling.
A. J. HiPKlNS, F.S.A., author of " Musical Instru-
ments, Historic, Rare, and Unique."
Misses Horner, author of "Walks through
Florence."
Prof. A. T. Hadlet, New Haven, Conn.
Baron Anatole von HOqel, Curator, Museum
of Archceology, University of Cambridge.
Arthur William Hare, m.b., Profes.=or of Sur-
gery, Owens College, Manchester.
Sir Charles A. Hartley, k.c.m.c, author of
" Inland Navigations in Europe."
Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, Dartmouth College, Han-
over, N.H.
Charles C. Hart, Curator, Numismatic and
Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia.
Miss E. Hamilton.
Rev. Edwin Hatch, d.d., University Reader in
Ecclesiastical History, Oxford.
E. Hu. . E. HiJBNEB, Ph.D., Professor of CLissical Philologj-,
University of Berlin.
Rev. Edward E. Hale, a.m., Boston.
Rev. Edward L. Hicks, m.a.. Fenny Compton
Rectory, Leamington.
E. M. Holmes, Curator of Museum, Pharma-
ceutical Society, London.
E. P. Hanna, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D.C.
E. W. Hobson, m.a., Lecturer in JIathematics,
Christ's College, Cambridge.
E. W. H. Holdsworth, author of " Deep Sea
Fishing, and Fishing Boats."
Francis Hueffer, Ph.D., author of " Musical
Studies."
Rev. George Henslow, m.a., author of "The
Origin of Floral Structures."
Geo. F. Hooper, late of the Admiralty Library,
Whitehall.
Geo. W. Hotchkiss, Secretary, Lumberman's
Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Henri Hymans, Conservateur, Bibliotheque
Royale, Brussels.
Hans Hildebrand, Ph.D., Secretary, Royal
Academy of History and Archaeology, Stock-
holm.
H. A. Husband, m.b., author of " Forensic
Medicine and Medical Police."
Rev. Horace C. Hovey, New Haven, Conn.
Rev. H. G. Bonavia Hunt, Mus.b., .Warden,
Trinity College, London [articles Flute,
Forkel].
H. H. H. . Prof. Hugo H. Hildebrandsson, Director, Mete-
orologiska Observatorium. Upsala.
5.XV. — 62
E.
E.
H.
E.
L.
H.
E.
M.
H.
E.
P.
H.
E.
W
H.
E.W.H.H
F.
H.
G.
H.
G.
F.
H.
G.
\v
H.
H
H
H
H
.
H
A.
H.
H
C.
H.
490
LIST OF
H
. R.
H
J.
H.
J-
J-
H*.
Ho
J. A. H.
J. F. H.
J. H. H.
J. R. H.
J. R. H*. ,
J. \Y. H.
L. F.V.-H
M. H. .
M. F. H.
M. T. H.
O. H. .
P. H. .
P. G. H.
R. H. .
R. A. K.
R. D. H.
R. T. H.
S. H. .
T. H. .
T. E. H.
T. F. H.
T. H. H.
T. H. II
T. L. H.
W. H. .
Tv'. Ha.
. Rev. H. E. HaIvEis, m.a., .ixithor of "Music and
Morak."
. John Hcxteb, late Hon. Secretary, British Bee-
Keepers' Association.
. Major Jedidiah Hotchejss, Staunton, Va.
. John Hopkinson, c.e., d.Sc., f.r.s., author of
" Dynamic Electricity."
Joseph Hodgson, Editor, Daily Register, Mobile,
Ala. [article Mobile].
John Horne, Geological Survey of Scotland
[article Oases].
. J. A. HjALTALiN, Reykjavik, Iceland.
. J. F. HtJDSON, Pittsburgh, Pa.
. J. H. Hessels, M.A., author of "Haarlem, the
Birthplace of Printing."
. J. Russell Hind, ll.d., f.r.s.. Superintendent
of the " Nautical Almanac," London.
. Major J. R. HtJBBABD, New York.
J. Smith Homans [articles Adbian, Altoona].
. J. Weslet Hales, m.a.. Professor of English
Language, King's College, London.
L. F. Ternon-Harcoup.t, m.a., c.e., Professor of
Civil Engineering and Surveying, University
College, London.
. Rev. M. Harvey, St John's, Newfoundland.
. M. F. Heddle, m.a., late Professor of Chemistry,
University of St Andrews.
. Prof. M. Th. HouTSiLi, University of Leyden.
. Olaus Henrici, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Mechanicsand Mathematics, London Institute.
. Peter Henderson, Jersey City, N.J.
. P. G. Hajierton, author of " The Graphic Arts."
Rev. P. Hat Hunter, Yester, East Lothian
[articles Clyde, Lord, &c].
. Egbert Hedderwick, Glasgow.
. E. A. Hill, Royal Mint, London.
R. B. H.VLDANE, M.A., M.P., author of "Life of Adam
Smith " [articles Heraclitus, Lamettrix].
Drew Hicks, m.a., Lecturer in Classics, and
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
T. Hill, author of " Geological Knowledge of
Texas," U.S. Geological Survey.
. Shirley Hibberd, author of " The Ivy."
. Thomas Hodgkin, ll.d., d.c.l., author of
" Italy and her Inyaders."
Thomas Hutchison, Kirkcaldy [article Kirk-
caldy].
. Thos. E. Holland, d.c.l., Chichele Professor
of International Law and Diplomacy, Uni-
versity of Oxford.
. T. F. Henderson, London.
. Thos. H. Hcxlet, m.d., ll.d., d.cl., f.r.s.,
Hon. Professor of Biology, Normal School
of Science and Eoyal School of Mines,
London.
*. Major T. H. HoLDicH, R.E.
. T. L. Heath, b.a., London.
. Sir WiLLLiM H.AMILTON, Bart., late Professor of
Logic and Metaphysics, University of Edin-
burgh-
. Kev. Wm. Hanxa, d.D., author of "Memoir of
Clialmers."
R.
R.
\V. He. . 'Walter Hepworth, Art Department, SoKth
Kensington.
W. Ho. . Wynnard Hooper, m.a., London.
\V. A. H. . William Alfred Hinds, author of ''American
Communities."
W. A. He. Wm. a. Herdman, d.Sc., Professor of. Nahiral
History, University College, Liverpool.
W. B. H. . W. B. Hunter, m.d., Smedleys Institution,
Matlock Bath.
W. E. H. . Wu. Ernest Henley, author of "A Book' of
'\'erses."
\V. E. Ho. 'W. E. HoYLE, M.A., late of the "Challenger"
Expedition.
W. F. H. . 'Wm. Fred. Hunter (the late), LL.B., Advocate.
W. P. H. . 'W. P. Harper, London.
W. W. H. Sir 'William Vf. Hunter, k.C.S.i., C.i.e.,
LL.D., late Director of Statistics to the
Government of India.
J. K. I. . J. Kells Ingram, ll.d., Senior Lecturer, Trinity
College, Dublin.
Andrew Jervise, author of "Epitaphs and
Inscriptions in North-East Scotland " [ailicles
B.\NTF, Banffshire].
B. J. . . Prof. B. JtiLG (the late), University of Innsbruck.
B. D. J. . B. Daydon Jackson, Secretary, Linnean Society,
London.
C. P. J. . C. Pierpoint Johnson, Editor of Sowerby's
"'WUd Flowei-s."
D. J. . . Most Rev. Archbishop D. Jacobini, Rome.
E. J. . . Emil Jung, Ph.D., Leipsic.
E. JE. . . E. Jewill, Torpoint, Cornwall.
F. J. . . Fleeming Jenkin (the late), F.R.S., Professor of
Engineering, University of Edinburgh.
H. J. . . HenT!Y Jones (Cavendish).
H. J.a. . . Henry Jackson, Litt.D., Fellow, and Prielcctor
in Ancient Philosophy, Trinity College, Cam-
bridge.
H. 1. J. . H. I. Jenkinson, Keswick.
J. J. . . J. Johnston, Milwaukee, 'Wis.
J. H. J. . J. Henry Johnson, Solicitor, London.
J. R. J. . J. E. Jackson, Curator of Museum, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
. J. Yate Johnson, author of "'Handbook to
Madeira."
. Keith Johnston (the late), f.r.g.s.
Oliver Johnson, New York, author of " Garrison,
a Sketch of his Life " [article Gabrison].
. Rich. Claverhouse Jebb, Liii.D., LL.D., Professor
of Greek, L^niversity of Glasgow.
. \\'. Leighton Jordan, author of " The Ai^ntine
Republic, a Descriptive and Historical
Sketch."
. W. S. Jevoss, f.r.s., author of "Theory of
Political Economy."
J. Y. J.
K.J. .
R. C. J.
W. L. J.
\V. S. J.
A.B.W.K. A. B. W.
K
Kennedy, c.e.,
fedy, c.e., f.r.s., Professor of
Engineerins. in University College, London.
CONTRIBUTORS.
491
A.
H.
K. .
C.
K.
C.
C.
K. .
C.
G.
K. .
c.
M.
K. .
D
K.
D
K'
F.
K.
G.
W
K. .
1.G.N.K.-F
J. D. J. K.
J-
E. K. .
J-
S. K. .
K
K. .
M
. K. . .
P.
K. . .
P. A. K.
R. J. K.
T. K. .
W. C. K.
W. F. K.
A. H. Keane, Professor of Hindustaai, University
College, Ijondon.
Chakles Kent, author of " Charles Dickens as a
Reader.''
Major C. C. King, R.M., late Professor of Tactics,
&c., Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
Cargill G. Kxott, d.Sc., Imperial University,
Tokio, Japan.
Prof. C. M. Kan, Amst«rdam.
•David Kat, f.r.g.s., author of Austria, in the
" Foreign Countries Series."
D. Kaltbrunxer, Paris, author of "Manuel de
Voyageur."
Prof. F. Kjellmax, University of Upsala.
Very Rev. Geo. Wii. KrrcHis, D.D., Dean of
Winchester.
. H'-n. los G. N. Keith-Falcoxer (the late), m.a..
Lord Almoner's Reader of Arabic, University
of Cambridge.
Lieutenant J. D. Jerbold Kelly, United States
iiavy.
Senator John E. Kenna, Charleston, W. Va.
J. ScoTT Keltie, Librarian, Royal Geographical
Society, London.
K. KissLER, Ph.D., University of Marburg.
Michael Kerxey, London.
Philip Kelland (the late), F.R.S., Professor of
Mathematics, University of Edinburgh.
Prince Petr A. Kropotki.se, late Member of the
Imperial Russian Geographical Society, St
Petersbuig.
R. J. King (the late), Crediton, Devon.
Thomas Kirkup, m.a., author of "An Inauiry
into Socialism."
Prof. W. C. Kerr, lat« State Geologist, Ealeigh,
North Carolina.
■\V. F. Kirby, joint-author of "Introduction to
Entomology."
A.
La.. .
A.
O. L.
A.
R. L. .
C.
J. L. .
D
J. L. .
A. L. . . Andrew Lasg, ll.d., author of " Myths, Ritual,
and Religion."
Alfred Large, Donaldson's Hospital, Edinburgh.
A. C. OcGHTER LoxiE, Kiughoru, Fife.
Albert R. Leeds, Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, N.J.
Charles James Ltall, m.a., c.i.e., author of
' Sketch of the Hindustani Language."
D. J. Leech, m.d.. Professor of Materia Medica,
Owens College, Manchester.
Exm'is Ray Laxkester, ll.d., f.r.s., Profes.sor
of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Uni-
versity CoUege, London.
E. T. Lefroy (the late), of The Freeman's Journal,
Dublin.
F. Liebermaxn, Ph.D., Berlin.
F. Maxwell Lyte, f.c.s., London.
Geo. M. Low, f.f.a.. Manager, Edinburgh Life
Assurance Company.
G. W. Latham (the- late), of Bi-adwaU Hall,
Cheshire.
Hexrv Letheby (the late), M.B., Ph.D., Medical
Officer of Health to th'j City of London.
j.j.l. .
J. K.L. .
J-
K.
L*. .
J-
N
L. .
J.
P.
L. .
J-
J.
P.
R
N. L.
L. .
E. R. L.
E. T. L.
L. .
M. L,
M. L.
G. W. L.
H. L.
H. La. . Rev. Henry Latham, m.a.. Fellow of Trinity
Hall, Cambridge.
H. Lalxg [article Esquire].
H. Cabot Lodge, author of "Albert Gallatin"
[article Gallatin].
H. D. L. . Henry D. Littlejohu, m.d., Lecturer in Medical
Jurisprudence, School of Medicine, Edin-
burgh.
H. R. L. . Rev. Henry R. Lcard, d.d.. Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
J. L. . . Hon. John Lowell, Boston, Mass.
J. Le. . . James Legge, ll.d.. Professor of Chinese, Uni-
versity of Oxford.
John Lcmas, author of "Sketches in Spain from
Nature, Art, and Life " [articles Segovia, &c].
J. A. Langford, Bii'mingham [art. Stafford, &c.].
Joseph H. Lamprey, Londoa {articles Apennines.
Badakhshan].
John J. Lake, Birmingham.
John K. Laughton, m.a., r.n.. Lecturer in Naval
History, Royal Naval College, Greenivich.
Prof. J. K. Lord, Dartmouth College, Hanover,
New Hampsliire.
J. Norman Lockyek, f.r.s.. author of " Chemistry
of the Svm."
Prof. J. Peter Lesley, State Geologist, Phila-
delphia.
Prof. J. P. N. Land, University of Leyden.
Kev. J. Rawson Lcmby, d.d., Noriisian Professor
of Divinity, Univereity of Cambridge.
Rev. P. Landreth, author of "Studies and
Sketchea in Modern Literature " [article GlL-
fillan].
p. A. L. . Rev. Poxsonby A. Lyons, London.
P. S. L. . P. R. Scott Lang, m.a., b.Sc, Professor of Mathe-
matics, University of St Andrews.
R. L. . . Richard Lodge, m.a.. Tutor and Librarian, and
Fellow of Brasenosc College, Oxford.
R. F. L. . Rev. E. F. Litiledale, ll.d., d.cl., London.
R. S. L. . E. Siuart Lane, Japanese Legation, London.
T. L. . . Surgeon-Geueral Sir Thomas Loxgmore, C.B.,
Professor of Clinical and Military Surger)-,
Ai-my Medical School, Netley.
T. de L. . A. Terkien de Lacodpehie, Professor of Indo-
Chinese Philology, University College,
London.
T. H. L. . T. Hayter Lewis, late Professor of Architecture,
University College, London.
T. H. Ll. . Thos. Henry Lister, author of "The Life of
Edward, First Earl cf Clare adon."
T. M. 1- . Bev. T. M. Lindsay, d.d., Prolessor of Dirinity
and Church History, Free Church College,
Glasgow.
Rev. W". LocKHART, Procuralore Generale dei
Eosminiani, Rome.
M
M. . . The Right Hon. Lord Macaclay.
A. M. . . Arthur Maw, Trowbridge, Salop.
A. M*. . Rev. Allan Menzies, b.d., Abemyte, Perthshire.
A. Ma. . Alex. Macalister, »ld., f.r.s.. Professor ot
Anatomy, University o'. Cambridge.
492
LIST OF
A.
M'D.
A.
M
-F.
A. M
u.
A.
A.
M.
A.
B.
M.
A.
B.
M'G
A. D
M.
A.S.
M.
A.W.
K.M
.•E
. M.
C.
M
C. Ma. .
C. C. M.
C. G. M'C.
C. R. M.
D
M. .
D
Ma.
D
B. M.
D
H. M.
D
H.M'A
E.
M. .
F.
M. .
F.
M*.
F. M.\.
F.
MU.
F.
M M.
G.
M. .
G.
M'A. .
G
ME.
G.
Mu.
G.
A. M.
G.
B. M'C
G.
F. M.
H. M.
H. Mo. .
H. A. M. .
H. J. M. .
H. N. M. .
A. JIacDonalu, Londou.
Alfred Morel-Fatio, Secretaire d'Ecole
Nationale des Chartes, Paris.
Prof. A. MiiLLER, University of Kbnigsberg.
Arthur A. Macdoxell, m.a., Ph.D., Oxford.
Alex. B. MacDowall, London.
A. B. M-Grigor, ll.D.^ Glasgow.
Albert D. MicH.iEL, r.z.s., f.r.m.s., London.
Alex. Stuart Murray, ll.d., British Museum.
A. W. K. Miller, British Museum.
.Sneas J. G. Mackay, LL.D., Sheriff of Fife.
Very Rev. Charles Merivale, D.D., D.C.L., Dean
'of Ely.
Charles Maunoir, Secretaire, Societe de
Geographic de Paris.
C. C. Maxwell, author of " History of Dundee."
Rev. Charles G. M'Crie, Ayr.
C. N. B. Moston, Edinburgh [articles Canter-
bury, K.Z., &c.].
Clejiests R. Markh.ui, c.b., f.r.s.. Secretary,
Royal Geographical Society, London.
Rev. D. Meiklejohx, Lochgoilhead.
David Masson, ll.d., Professor of English
Literature, University of Edinburgh.
David Binning Monro, ii.a.. Provost of Onei
College, Oxford.
D. H Muller, Professor of Semitic Languages,
University of Vienna.
D. H. M'Adaii, St Louis, Mo.
Maj.-Gen. Eabdley Maitlaxd, r.a.,c.b., Director-
General, Ordnance Factories, Woolwich.
E. M^vrzials, London [article Jasmin].
Miss Flora ILissoN, Edinburgh.
Falconer Madan, m.a.. Sub-librarian, Bodleian
Library, Oxford.
Fredehick Martin (the late), Editor of the
" Statesman's Year Book."
FiNDLAY Muibhead, M.A., late of Leipsic
Friedrich Max Muller, ll.d.. Corpus Pro-
fessor of Comparative Philology, University
of Oxford.
Geo. Maw, BenthaU Hall, Broseley, Salop.
Rev. George M'Arthur, m.a., Sub-editor of the
Encyclopaedia Brilannica.
Gaston Meissas, Paris.
George R Milne Ml-rray, British Museum.
Sir George A. Macfarren (the late), Mus. Doc,
Professor of Music, University of Cambridge.
Maj.-Gen. Geo. B. M'Clellan, U.S. Ai-my.
Rev. George F. Maclear, d.d., Warden of St
Augustine CoUege, Canterbury,
Hugh Miller, Geological Survey of. Scotland,
Edinburgh.
Hugh M'All, Lisburn, Co. Antrim [article Bel-
fast].
Prof. H. MoHN, Meteorological Institute,
Christiania.
Captain Henry Augustus Moriakty, r.n., c.b.
H. J. Matthews, Brighton.
H. N. Moseley, ll.d., f.r.s.. Professor of
Anatomy, University of Oxford.
H. R. M.
J. M. .
J. M*. .
J. Mt. .
J. Ma.
J. Ma*.
J. M'D.
J. M'G.
J. Me. .
J. Mo. .
J. Mu. .
J.A.H.M.
J. B. M.
J. C. M.
. J.
J. C. Mo. . J
J. F. M.
J. F. M*.
J. F. M'L.
J. G. M.
J. H. M.
J. M. M'C.
J-
S.
M.
J-
T.
M.
L.
A.
M.
M
M'M.
M
T
M
O.
M
r .
P. M. .
P. M» .
Henry R. Mill, D.Sc, author of "Elementary
Commercial Geography."
, John Macpherson, .\ld., author of " The Baths
and Wells of Europe."
. James Mulrhead, ll.d., Professor of CivU Law,
University of Edinburgh.
. John Maodonell, Barrister-at-Law, London.
. John Macdonald, London.
. Julian Marshall, author of "Annals of Teimis.
James Macdonald, ll.d., Glasgow.
, James MacGregob, author of " The Rob Roy on
the Jordan."
James Macaulat, m.d.. Editor, Leisure Hour,
London [article Tract Societies].
. Joseph Medill, Chicago, HI.
. The Right Hon. John Morley, ll.d., m.P.
. John Murray, Pb.D., lud^ Director of the
"Challenger"Expedition Office, Edinburgh.
J. Masson, Dundee [article Babrius].
J. A. H. Murray, ll,d., d.c.l.. Editor of "A
New English Dictionary on Historical Prin-
ciples.'
J. Bass Mulunger, m.a., Librarian, St John's
College, Cambridge. '
Clerk Maxwell (the late), D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Professor of Experimental Physics, Univer-
sity of Cambridge.
Cotter Morison, m.."^, author of "The Life
and Times of St Bernard."
J. F. Mcirhead, late of Leipsic.
Colonel J. F. Maurice, R.A., Professor of
Military Art and History, Staff College,
Farnborough.
John F. M'LENNAN,.LL.a, Advocate, Edinburgh.
J. G. M'Kendrick, M.D., LL.X)., F.R.S., Professor
of the Institutes of Medicine, University ol
Glasgow.
J. Henry Middleton, f.s.a., Slade Professor of
Fine Art, University of Cambridge.
John M. M'Candlish, Manager and Actuary,
Scottish Union and National Insurance Com-
pany, Edinburgh.
John M. D. Meiklejohn, m.a.. Professor of
Education, University of St Andrews [article
Mann]
John S. Mackay, ll.d.. Mathematical Master,
Edinburgh A.cademy.
J. Theodore Merz, author of Leihniz, in " Philo-
sophical Classics for English Readers."
Leonard A. Montefiore (the late), B.A., London.
General Sir William M. S. M'Murdo, K.C.B.
Maxwell T. Masters, i>ld., F.L.S., f.r.s., London.
Orme Masson, m.a., d.Sc, Professor of Chemistry,
University of Melbourne.
Paul Meyer, Professor of the Languages and
Literature of Southern Europe, CoDege de
France, Paris.
Sir Philip Magnus, Organizing Director, Cen-
tral Institution of the City and Guilds of
London Institute.
P. W. Stuart MENTEATH,Paiis [articles Andorre,
Basque Provintes].
CONTRIBUTORS.
493
R.
M'K.
R.
M'L.
R.
M'L*
R.
Me.
R.
Mu.
R.
Mu*.
R. M. . ■ Rev. Robert Moffat, d.d., author of " History of
Missionary Labours in South Africa."
Robert Mackay, Architect, Perth.
Robert M'Lachlan, f.R.S., author of "A Synopsis
of the Trichoplera of the European i auna."
General Robert M'Lagan, r.e.
Raphael Meldola, f.r.s., Professor of Applied
Chemistry, Finsbury Technical College,
London.
Robert Munro, m.a., m.D., Kilmarnock.
Rev. Robert Munro, m.a., b.d., f.s.a.s.. Old
Kilpatrick, Dumbartonshire
R. C. M. R. C. Menzies, Inveresk Paper Mills, Mussel-
burgh.
E. H. JIajor, late Secretary, Royal Geographical
Society [article Henry the Navigator].
R. W. Micou, Waterburj-, Conn, [article Water-
bury].
St G. M. Rt George Mivart, m.d., Ph.D., f.r.s., author of
" Lessons from Nature as manifested in Mind
and Matter."
Thomas Morley, m.i.n.a., London.
Sir Theodori; Martin, k.c.b.
T. R. H. M'Clatchie, Yokohama, Japan.
Rev. Thomas M'Lauchlan, d.d., author of
" The Early ScotUsh Church."
Thomas Moore, f.l.s., late Curator, Royal
Botanic Garden, Chelsea.
Thomas Muir, ll.D., Mathematical Master, High
School, Glasgow.
Ri^ht Hon. Sir Thomas Ersmne May (the late),
K.C.B., D.C.L. (Lord Farnborough), Clerk of
the House of Commons, Westminster.
Victor Mahillon, Conservateur de Musee, Con-
servatoire Royal de Musique, Brussels.
William Minto, m.a.. Professor of English
Language, University of Aberdeen.
W. Moore, Principal Surveyor for Tonnage, Board
of Trade, London.
William M'Dowali, author of " Chronicles of
Tjincluden."
Wii.-;aji Melven, Hillhcad, Glasgow [article
"Ienfbew].
W, Ml. . Rev. Wm. Milligan, d.d.. Professor of Divinity
and Biblical Criticism, University of Aber-
deen.
W. Mo. . William Morris, author of " Decorative Arts and
MoJcj-n Life and Progress."
W. C. M- . Wm, C. M'Intosh, m.d., ll.d., f.r.s., Professor of
Natural History, Uni"ersity of St Anirews.
W. 0. M. . William O'Connor Morris, Tullamore, King's
County, Ireland.
W. R. ^L . W. R. Morfill, m.a., author of "Slavonic Litera-
ture."
W.R.M'N. W. E. M'Nab, m.d.. Professor of Botany, Eoval
College of Science, Dublin.
N
A. N. . . Alfred Newton, f.r.s., Professor of Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy, University of Cam-
bridge.
A. Ne. . . Alexander Nesbitt, f.s.a., author of "South
Kensington Handbook on Glass."
r.
M. .
T.
Ma.-
T.
M'C.
T.
M'L.
T.
Mo.
T.
Mu.
T.
E. M.
V.
M. .
W
. M. .
W
. M*
w
. M'D
A. Ni. . . Ales. Nioolson, ix.d,, Advocate, Sheriff-Sul>
stitute of Eenfrewshire.
A. No. . . Adolf Noreen, Ph.D., University of Upsala.
A. B. Nettleton. Minneapolis, Min. [article St
Paul, Min.].
A. y. N. . A. V. Newton, late of the Office for Patent-,
London.
Charles Nisbet, London [articles Scutari, &c.].
C. B. Norman, author of " Colonial France."
Col. Sir Charles B. P. N. H. Nugent, r.e.,
K.C.B.
Prof. Ernest Nvs, University of Brussels.
E. W. B. Nicholson, m.a.. Librarian of the
Bodleian Library, 0.\ford.
E. T. Newton, Palaeontologist, Geological Siuvey
of the United Kingdom, London.
Henrt Nicol (the late), London.
H. Alleyne Nicholson, m.d., d.sc. Professor
of Natural History, University of Aberdeen.
Hubert A. Newton, Professor of Mathematics,
Yale CoUcge, New Haven, Conn.
H. J. Newman, Editor, Fadleifs Wine and Spirit
Trade Circular, London.
John Nichol, ll.d.. Professor of English Lan-
guage and Literature, University of Glasgow.
James Nicol, author of "Elements of Miner-
alogy."
J. Fr. Nystrom, Ph.D., University of Upsala.
CoL J. G. Nicolay, author of " Life of Abraham
Lincoln."
Eev. Jas. Spencer Northcote, D.D.,joint author
of " Roma Sotteranea."
Prof. J. S. Newberry, Columbia College School
of Mines, New York.
Jos. Shield Nicholson, D.Sc, Professor of Politi-
cal Economj', University of Edinburgh.
J. T. Ka-\ke, British Museum [articles Gogol, &c.].
S. N. . . Simon Newcomb, f.r.s.. Superintendent of the
U.S. Nautical Almanack, Washington, D.C.
T. N. . . Thomas Nichols, British Museum.
Th. N. . Prof. Theodor Noldeke, University of Strassburg.
W. J. N. . John Noble, Clerk to the Legislative Assembly,
Cape of Good flope.
Wm. Jajies Noble, Barrister-at-Law, Loudon
[article Glauber].
o
A. V. O. . A. voN Orelli, Ph.D., Professor of the Institutes
of Jurisprudence, University of Zurich.
C. O'N. . Charles O'Neill, author oi "Chemistry of
Calico Printing."
E. O. . . Edward Orton, ll.d.. State Geologist and Pro-
fessor of Geolog)-, University of Ohio, Colum-
bus, O.
E. CM. . Rev. Eugene H. 0'Mear.\, a.b., Newcastle Lyons
Rectory, Co. Dublin.
Edmund Ollier, London [articles Alsace, &c.j.
E. C. O. . Miss Elise C. Ott^ Translator of Humboldt'j
" Cosmos."
Rev. G. J. Ouseley, late of Catholic ApostoL:
Church, Edinburgh [article Catholic Apo--
• tolic Church].
J. D. A. O'Connor, Chicago [artitles Galena, &c.]-
C.
B.
N.
C.
H
N.
E.
N
E
B.
N.
E
T.
N.
H
.N
H
A
N.
H
A
N*
H
J-
N.
N.
Nl
F.
N.
G.
N.
S.
N.
S.
N*.
S.
Nt.
494
J. C. OD.
J-
L. O.
o.
A. O.
R.
O. .
C.
P. .
C.
Pa. .
C.
H. P
C.
K. P.
C.
S. P.
D
P. .
E. F. S. P
E. H. P.
EJ.P.
E.J.P*
E, S. P.
?. P. .
F. Po. .
F. A. P.
F.
B.
P.
F.
Y.
P.
G.
F.
P.
G.
G.
P.
G.
H.
P.
G
W
P
H
F.
P.
H
R
P.
I-
P.
J-
Pa
,
Jas. Cornelius O'Dowd, c.b., Deputy Advocate-
Genera!, "War OfEce, London.
Kev. Canon Overton, m.a., Epworth Rectory,
LmcolnsMre [article Law, \Vm.].
J. L. Ohlson, late Secretary, West India Com-
mittee, London.
0. Andreas Overland, Assistant Keepei, Kigsar-
chiv, Christiania.
Sir EicHARD Owen, k.c.b., ll.d., d.c.l., f.r.s.
Rev. Charles Pritohard, d.d., Savilian Professor
of AstronoDij, University of Oxford.
, Cav. Cesare Paoli, Professor of Paleography
and Diplomatics. Reale Istituto Superiore,
Florence.
Charles H. Piessb, f.i.c, m.r.c.s., Public
Analyst, Fulham District, London.
C. Kegan Paul, mju author of "AVilliam
Godwin."
, Chakles Stuart Parker, m.a., m.p., London.
, David Patrick, m.a., Editor of "Chambers's Ency-
clopaedia."
D. R. Peacock, British Vice-Consul, Batoum,
Caucasus [article Kuban].
. Mrs Pattison (Lady Dilke), author of " Renais-
sance of Art in France."
. E. H. Palmer, m.a., author of " Grammar- of the
Arabic Language."
Edward James Payne, Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's
Inn, London.
. E. S. Poole, London.
. Frank Parish, London.
. Frederick Pollock, ll.d.. Corpus Professor of
Jurisprudence, University of Oxford.
. F. A. Palei-, ll.d.. Editor of jEschylus, " Biblio-
theca Classica," and Euripides and Sophocles,
" Cambridge Greek and Latin Texts."
. Mrs Palliser, author of "A History of Lace."
. F. York Powell, m.a.. author of "Scandinavian
Britain."
. G. F. Pardon (Capt. Crawley), author of "Bil-
liards : its Theory and Practice."
. Rev. Canon Perry, m.a., author of " The History
of the Church of England."
. Prof. G. H. Perkins, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt,
. G. W. Prothero, m.a., Senior Tutor, and Lecturer
in History, King's College, Cambridge.
. H. F. Pelham, m.a., Fellow of Exeter College,
and University Reader in Ancient History,
Oxford.
. Henry R. Procter, author of Paper on " Period-
icity," in Philosophical Magazine.
. John Peile, Liit.D., Master of Christ's College,
Cambridge.
. James Paton, Curator, Corporation Galleriea of
Art, Glasgow.
Rev. Canon Puckle, M.A., St Maiy's Vicarage,
Dover [article Dover].
James Purves, s.s.c, Edinburgh [articles BRUrE,
Michael, &c.].
LIST OF
J. A. P,
J.E.
P.
J. F.
P.
J.G.
P.
J. H
P.
J. L.
P.
J. P.
P.
. Sir J. A. PiCTON, author of " Jlcmorials of Liver-
pool."
J. A. P. Jr. J. Allanson Picton, M.P., author of " Life of
Oliver Cromwell."
J. A. PL. . J. A. Platt, B.A., London.
J. B. P. . Prof. J. Bell Pettigrew, m.d., ll.d., f.r.s.,
author of " Modes of Flight in relation to
Aeronautics."
J. B. Pr. . Hon. J. Bradford Prince, Santa Fe, New
Mexico.
Maj.-Gen. J. E. Porilock (the late), R.E., Member
of the Council on Military Education, White-
hall.
Joseph F. Payne, b.a., m.d., Lecturer on Patho-
logical Anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital,
London.
J. G. Pyle, St Paul, Minnesota.
J. H. Pollen, author of " Furniture and Wood-
work."
Rev. J. L. Porter, d.d., LL.D., author of " Five
Y'ears in Damascus."
J. Percfval Postoate, Liit.D., Professor of
Comparative Philology, University College,
London.
John R. Procter, Geological Survey, FranKfoit,
Kentucky.
J. Rowland Phillips, author of " The Civil
Wars in Wales and the Marches" [article
Glendower].
J. T. Plaits, author of "A Hindustani
Dictionary."
Luke Owen Pike, m.a., author of " History of
Crime in England."
Rev. Mark Pattison,. b.d., author of " Isaac
Casaubon 1 559-1614, a Biography."
P. H. P.-S. Philip H. Pye-Smith, m.d., F.R.S., Physician,
Guy's Hospital, London.
R. P. . . Reinhold Pauli (the late), LL.D., University of
Gottingen.
R. .\. P. . R. A. Proctor, b.a., author of " Saturn and its
System."
R. A. P*. . Gen. Roger A. Pryor, late Confederate Army.
R. L. P. . R. Lane Poole, m.a., Ph.D., Lecturer in Modem
History, Jesus College, Oxford.
Reginald Stoaet Poole, ll.d., Keeper of
the Coins and MedaJa Department, British
Museum.
Lieut. -Col. SissoN Cooper Pratt, r.a., Profe.?sor
of Military History, Royal Military Academy,
Woolwich [articles Battery, &c.].
Prof. S. F. Peckham, m.a., late U.S. Census
Conmiissioner.
S. Holmes Pegler, author of "Advantages of
Goat Keeping."
Rev. S. iRENiEus Prime, d.d., author of " Lifo
o£ Morse."
Stanley Lane Poole, B.A., autnor of "Art of
the Saracens."
Wyatt Papworth, Architect, London.
William Gifford Palgrave, b.a., author of " A
Year's Journey through Central and Eastern
Arabia."
[ W. H P. . Walter H. Pollock, ^:.A., London.
J. R. P.
J. T. P.
L. O. P.
M. P. .
R. S. P.
S. F. P.
S. H. P.
S. I. P.
S. L. P.
W. P. .
W. G. P.
CONTRIBUTORS.
495
A. A. 'R.
A. P. R.
A. W. R.
C. J. R.
W. K. P. . TVm. Kitchen Pabker, f.R.s., author of " On
Jtammalun Descent."
W. M.F.P. W. M. Flikders Petrie, author of " Inductire
Metrolog)'."
W. N. P. . "W. Norwood Potter, late Editor of the City of
London Chess Magazine.
W. T. Price, Louisville, Kentucky [article
Louisville].
Q
R. H. Q. . Eev. Robert H. Quick, m.a., author of " Essays
on Educational Eeformers."
R
The Right Hon. Lord Eatleigh, LL.D., D.C.I-.,
F.R.s., Professor of Natural Philosophy, Eoyal
Institution, London.
Alexander Ramsay, London [articles Andes,
&c.].
A. Adams-Eeillt, joint author of "Forbes's
Life and Letters."
General A. P. Rockwell, Boston, Mass,
Alex. Wood Rentox, m.a., ll.b., Barrister-at-
Law, London.
Rev. Chas. John Robinson, M.a., West Hackney
Rectory, London.
Charles J. G. Rampini, Advocate, Sheriff-
Substitute of Elgin, formerly of Shetland
[article Orkney and Shetland].
Rev. David Edssell, Dunfermline [article Dun-
fermline].
D. Constable Robb, b..\., late of the University
Museum, Oxford.
Edmund Robertson, ll.d.,m.p., Barrister-at-Law,
late Professor of Eoman Law, University
College, London.
Elie Eeclus, author of " Les Primitifs, ^des d'
ethnologic comparee."
Edwin Eansom, Bedford [article Bedfordshire].
Miss Emily Eead [article Delaware].
Edward Caldwell Eye, author of "British
Beetles ; an introduction to the study of our
Indigenous Coleoptera."
Col. E. Delm£ Eadcliffe, author of "Falconidae
in India."
Eric S. Robertson, Professor of English Litera-
ture, University of the Punjaub, Lahore.
E. T. Eowell, Lowell, Mass. [article Lowell].
Frank Rutley, f.g.s., Examiner, Sci^ce Depart-
ment, South Kensington.
Col. Francis Shirley Russell, late ist Royal
Dragoon^.
Francis W. Rowsell (the late), c.b.,c.m.g.. Super-
intendent of Naval Contracts, Admiralty,
Whitehall.
F. W. Rudler, Curator, Museum of Practical
Geology, JermjTi Street, London.
Rev. Canon Rawlinson, m.a., Professor of Ancient
History, University of Oxford.
George Reid, r.s.a., Edinburgh.
Captain Geoeoe Eolamd (the late), Edinburgh.
D. C. R.
E K. .
E. Re.
E. C. R.
E.
D.
R.
E.
S.
R.
F.
R.
F.
S.
R.
F.
W
R.
F.
w
R*
G
R.
G.
Re.
G. C. R. . Geo. Croom Eobertson, m.a., Grote Professor of
Philosophy of Mind and Logic, Universitv
College, London.
G. F. R. . G. F. Rodwell, f.r.a.s., f.c.s., author of A
Dictionary of Science, " Haydn Series."
G. J. R. . Geo. John Romanes, ll.d., f.r.s., author
of " Mental Evolution in Animals."
H. R. . . Henry Reeve, c.b., d.c.l., late Eegistrar, H.M.
Privy Council, Whitehall.
H. R*. . . Herbert Ris, b.a., Assistant Secretary and
Librarian, Eoyal Society, London.
H. Ra. . Halvor Easch, late Professor of Zoologj-, Chris-
tiania.
H. Rl. . . Henry Eichard, author of "Memoirs of Joseph
Sturge."
H. Ro. . Henry Rogers, author of "Tlie Eclipse of
Faith."
H. A. R. . Prof. H. A. Rowland, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md.
H. C. R. . Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry C. Rawlinson, k.c.b.,
LL.D., D.C.L., f.R.s.
H. J. R. . Henry John Roby, m.a., author of " Grammar
of the Latin Language from Plautus to
Suetonius."
J. R. . . John Rae, m.a., author of " Contemporary
Socialism."
James Ritchie, m.b., f.r.C.s.e., Edinburgh [article
Diuretics].
Rev. John Robertson, Burton-on-Trent [article
Burton-on-Trent].
John Russell, Galashiels [article Galashiels].
J. M. Russell, Maidstone, Kent [article Maid-
stone].
J. B. Eunnion, Chicago, Illinois.
J. E. Thorold Eogers, m.a., Professor of
Political Economy, University of Oxford.
Sir James Henry Eamsay, Bart., m.a., of Ban-.lT.
Eev. J. H. EiGG, D.D., author of ' J'.hurchmanship
of John Wesley."
John M. Eoss, ll.d., Editor of "The Globe
Encyclopaedia."
James S. Eeid, Litt.D., Lecturer in Classics and
Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge.
LuiNi Eicci, London [articles LESUEtJR, Lully].
Prof. N. Eenard, Brussels [article Limburg,
Belgian].
Eeinhold Rost, Ph.D., LL.D., Librarian, India
Office, London.
Prof. SopHUS EuGE, Ph.D., author of " Geschichte
des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen."
Eev. S. Harvey Eeynolds, m.a.. Vicar of East
Ham, London.
T. Wemyss Eeid, Editor of the Leeds Mercury.
Whitelaw Eeid, Editor of the Kew York Tribune.
William Eidgeway, m.a., Professor of Grecl:,
Queen's College, Cork.
WiLLIAil EUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P.E., Edinburgli
[article Simpson, J. Y.].
W. C. R. . Wm. Chandler Roberts-Austen, F.R.S., Chemist
of the Eoyal Mint, London.
W. F. R. . W. Eraser E/e, author of "Wilkes, Sheridan,
Fox : the Opposition under George III."
B.
R.
E.T. R
H.
R.
H
Ri.
M
R.
S.
R.
R.
R. .
S.
R. .
S.
H. R.
T.
W. R
W
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W
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49fi
LIST OF
A.
Se. .
A.
So. .
A.
S.-P.
A.
Su. .
A.
c. s.
A.
E. S.
W.J.M.R. W. J. Macquorn Baskin-e, ll.d., author of "A
Manual of Applied Mechanics."
\V. M. R. W. 'M. RossETTi, author of "Lives of Famous
Poets."
\V.M.Ra. Wm. M. Ramsay, m.a., Professor of Humanity,
University of Aberdeen.
W.R. S.R. W. R. S. Ralstonv author of "Songs of the
Russian People."
W. S. R. . W. S. RocKSTRO, author of " A General History
of Music."
W. T. R. . W. T. RossoK, Registry and Record Department,
India Office, London.
s
S. . . . TheRt. Hon. theEarl of Selbobne, D.C.L., F.R.s.
A. S. . . Alexander- Smith, author of "A Life Drama and
other Poems."
A. S*. . . Arthur Schuster, Ph.D., f.R.S., Professor of
Applied Mathematics, Owens College, Man-
chester.
Andrew Seth, m.a.. Professor of Logic, Uni-
versity of St Andrews.
Albrecht Socin, Ph.D., Professor of Semitic
Languages, University of Tubingen.
Anthyme St Paul, author of " Histoire Monu-
mentale de la France."
Alexb. Sutherland, m.a., Carlton College, Mel-
bourne.
Algernon C. Swinburne.
Arthur Everitt Shipley, m.a.. Fellow of Christ's
College, and Demonstrator of Comparative
Anatomy, University of Cambridge.
A. H. S. . Archibald Henry Sayce, m.a., Deputy Professor
of Comparative Philology, University of
Oxford.
Rev. A. L. Simpson, d.D., Derby.
Balfour Stewart (the late), ll.d., F.R.S., Pro-
fessor of Natural Philosophy, Owens College,
Manchester.
Rev. C. Anderson Scott, m.a., Aberdeen.
Prof. C. MiCHiE Smith, b.Sc.,- Christian College,
Madras.
C. P. E. Shelley, Professor of Machinery, King's
College, London.
D.\viD Stevenson, c.e., author of "Canal and
River Engineering."
Edward Sang, LL.d., author of " Progressive
Lessons in Applied Science."
E. ScEiJREE, Ph.D., Professor-of Theology, Uni-
versity of Giessen.
0. Eduard Sievers, Ph.D., Professor of German
Languages, University of Tiibingen.
Edward J. L. Scott, m.a., British Museum
[article Gauden].
E. A. S. . Edwakd Albert Schafer,
fessor of Physiology,
London.
E. G. S. . E. G. Squier, author of "Notes on Central
America,"
E. M. S. . Mrs Henry Sidgwick, Cambridge.
F. S. . . Francis Storr, ^^A., author of " Tables of
Irregular Greek Verb's."
A.
L.S.
3.
S. .
C.
A. S.
C.
M.S.
C.
P. B. S
D
S. .
E.
s. .
E
s» .
E
Si. .
, F.R.S., Jodrell Pro-
University College,
F. Sn. .
F. E. S.
F. G. S.
G. S. .
G. S». .
G. St. .
G. Sa. .
G. Sh. .
G. Sm. ■
G. St. .
G. B. S.
G. E. S.
H. S. .
H. Sw.
H. M. S.
. S. .
. S*. .
. S., JR.
. Sc. .
. Sh. .
. Si. .
. Sm. .
. So. .
. St. .
. St*. .
.A. S.
. A. S*.
. C. S.
. Ch. S.
.F. S.
. G. S.
H. S.
M. S.
R. S.
. Prof. Freeman Snow, Harvard University Crm-
bridge, Mass.
. Frederick E. Sawyer,' f.s.a., Brighton.
. F. G. Stephens, author of "Sir Edi^-in Landseer'
. George Smith, author of " Assyrian Exploratiof >
■and Discoveries."
. GoLDwiN Smith, m.a., d.c.l., author of " Thr? •
English Statesmen."
. Prof, Gustav Storm, University of Christiaaia.
. George Saintsbury, m.a., author of "A Shor
History of FrenA Literature."
. Hon. Justice Shea, author of " Life and Epocl
of Hamilton."
. George Smith, ll.d., c.i.e., Editor of " Arjialj
of Indian Administration, 1868-69."
. George Stewart, jun., Editor of the Chronich.
Quebec.
. Geo. B.arnett Smith, author of "Poets and
Novelists ; a Series of Literary Studies."
'. George Edmund Street, r.a., author of '"-The
Gothic Architecture of Spain."
. Henry Sidgwick, Lit;.D., Knightbridge Professor
of Moral Philosophy, University of Cam-
bridge.
. Henry Sweet, m.a., author of "An Anglo-Si>-\on
Reader."
. H. Morse Stephens, author of " History of the
French Revolution."
. James Sully, ll.d., author ot "Sensation and
Intuition."
. John Smith, m.d., ll.d.. Consulting Surgeon-Den-
tist, Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School.
. Rev, James Sibree, f.r,g.s., author of "The
Great African Island."
. John Scott, f.z.s., joint-author of " The Britiili
Hemiptera."
. James Sharpe, late Editor of the Anhen's Eegister.
. James Sime, m.a., author of "Lessing," and of
" A History of Germany."
, John Small (the late), ll,d., University Librarian,
Edinburgh.
. John Southward, London.
. Dr John Storer, Glasgow,
. JoHAN Storm, ll.D., Professor of Philology,
University of Christiania.
John Stephen, Edinburgh [article Accumulator].
. John Addixgton Symonds, m.a., author of " The
Renaissance in Italy."
. J. Austin §tevens. New York, Editor of the
Magazine of American History,
. John Campbell Shairp, ll.d.. author of "Culture
and Religion."
,.'J, Ch. Sawer, Tottenham, Middlesex.
. Rev. J, F, Smith, author of " Studies in Religion
under German Masters,"
. J. D. Gilmaey Shea, ll.d., author of " Discovery
and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley."
. James H. Stoddabt late Editor of the Glat^o-a
Herald.
. J. Montgomery Stuabt, late of Perugia.
. John R. Seeley, ll,d., Regius Professoi of
Modern History, University of Cambridge.
CONTRIBUTORS.
497
J. S. S.-G.
J. T. S. .
J. W. S. ,
L. T. S.
M. S. S. .
R. S.
R.
So
R.
H.
S.
R.
H.
S*.
R. L. S.
s.
D. F
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S. M. S.
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T.
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W.
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W.
Sh.
w.
Si..
w.
Sm.
W. B. S.
W. B. Sc,
AV. C. S.
John S. Stuart-Glennie. author o£ "Pilgrim
Memories."
John T. Short, Ph.D., Professor of History, State
University, Columbus, Ohio.
J. W. Sheah.\n, Editor, The Times, Chicago, 111.
Miss L. TouLMiN Smith, Editor of "York Plays."
Prof. M. S. Snow, WasluDgton University, St
Louis, Mo.
N. VON Seidlitz, Tiflis, Caucasia [articles
Lesqhians, &c.].
Lieut.-Gen. Richard Strachet, R.E., c.S.i., F.R.S.,
President of the Royal Geographical Society,
London.
Bobekt Somers, author of " Trade Unions."
RiciLVRD Henry Stoddard, author of "Kathaniel
Hawthorne."
R. H. Smith, Professor of Civil and Mechanical
Engineering, Majson Science College, Bir-
mingham.
Robert Hunter Semple, M.D., London [article
Apothecary].
Robert Louis Stevenson.
Robert S. Stephen, Advocate, Douglas, Isle of
Man [article Man, Isle of].
Rev. S. D. F. Salmond, d.d., Professor of
Systematic Theology, Free Church College,
Aberdeen.
Solomon M. Schiller-Szinesst, m.a., Ph.D.,
Reader in Talniudic and Rabbinic Litera-
ture, University of Cambridge.
Thomas Shaw, ll.b.. Advocate, Edinburgh.
. Thomas Stevenson, m.d.. Lecturer on Medical
Jurisprudence, Guy's Hospital, London.
, Thomas Sinclair, London.
, Thomas Stevenson, c.e., author of " Lighthouse
Construction and Illumination."
Thomas Shearer, Glasgow [" BoatbuOding'" in
article Ship].
. Thomas Bond Sprague, m.a., f.a.s.. Manager,
Scottish Equitable Life Assurance Society,
Edinburgh.
. Captaiu T. W. Symons, U.S. Engineers.
. William Spalding, author of "The History of
English Literature."
. Wilhelm Spitta-Bey (the late), Keeper of the
Yice-Regal Library, Cairo.
. "William Sharp, author of "Sonnets of this
Century."
. Wm, Simons, late Superintendent of Schools,
Charleston, South Carolina.
. William Smith, ll.d., d.C.l., Editor of the
" Dictionary of Greek and Roman Anti-
quities."
William Sime, Lonaon [articles Josephine, &c.].
W. Stead, late of Northern Echo, Darlington
[article Darlington].
W. Steel, Cai-lisle [article Carlisle].
. W. Browning Smith (the late), Sub-editor of the
Encyclopaidia Britannica.
Wm. Bell Scott, London.
Mrs W. B. Scott, London [article GlOBBRTi].
. Wm. Charles Smith, ll.b., Advocate, Edinburgh,
W. C. S*.
W. G. S. .
W. G. Sm.
W. J. S. .
W. K. S. .
W. N. S. .
W. R. S. .
W. R. So.
W. S. S. .
W. W. S.°.
W. Y. S. .
A. T. . .
A. A. T. ,
c.
T.
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c.
P.
T.
c.
S.
T.
c.
W.
T.
D.
T.
.
D.
R.
T.
D.
W
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E.
B.
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T.
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.T.
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J-
T.
,
Rev. Walter Smith, d.d., ll.d., author of " Olrig
Grange."
W. G. Sumneh, Professor of Political and Social
Science, Yale College, New Hav^n, Conn.
WoRTHiNGTON G. SMITH, author of " Mushrooms
and Toadstools, How to distinguish."
W. Johnson Sollas, ll.d.. Professor of Geology,
Trinity College, Dublin.
Wm. K. Sullivan, Ph.D., d.Sc, President, Queen'a
College, Cork.
Wm. N. Shaw, m.a.. Lecturer in Natural Science
end Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Wm. Robertson Smith, ll.d.. Librarian, Univer-
sity of Cambridge, Editor of the Encyclo-
pedia Britannica.
W. R. SoRLEY, M.A., Professor of jjogic and Phil-
osophy, University College, Cardiff.
Rev. Canon Saumarez Smith, b.d.. Principal, St
Aidan's College, Bii-kenhcad, Cheshire.
.■ Rev. Walter W. Skeat, ll.d., Professor of
Anglo-Saxon, University of Cambridge.
, Wm. Y. Sellar, ll.d., Professor of Humanity,
University of Edinburgh.
T
, Allen Thomson (the late), m.d., ll.d., d.c.l.,
F.R.S., Professor of Anatomv University of
Glasgow.
. Arthur Augustus Tilley, Fellow ana Classical
Lectui-er, King's College, Cambridge.
. CouT'S Trotter, f.r.G.s., Edinburgh.
. Prof. C. P. TiELE, University of Leyden, author
of " Manuel de I'Histoire des Religions."
, Charles Sissmore Tomes, m.a., f.R.S., London.
. Sir Charles Wyville Thomson (the late), M.D.,
ll.d., D.C.L., F.R.S., Director of the Challenger
Expedition.
. David Thomson (the late), M.A., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Aberdeen.
. Eev. Canon D. R. Thomas, m.a., Meifod Vicarage,
Montgomeryshire.
. lyARCY Wentworth Thompson, b.a.. Professor
of Biology, Uiuversity College, Dundee.
. Edward Burnett Tylor, ll.d., d.c.l., f.r.s.,
Keeper of the University Museum, Oxford.
. E. C. Thomas, London.
. E. Fairfax Taylor, Weybridge, Surrey.
. Edward IIaunde Thompson, ll.d., D.CL., Prin-
cipal Librarian, British Museum.
. Prof. F. J. Turner State University, Madison,
Wisconsin.
. Henry Trimen, m.b., f.r.s.. Director, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.
. Eev. Henry Fanshawe Tozer, m.a.. Tutor and
Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
. Henry Mabtvn Taylor, m.a.. Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
. Henry R. Tedder, Librarian, Athenceum Club,
London.
. Very Rev. John Tulloch (the late), D.D., LUD.,
Principal of St Mary's College, University of
St Andrews.
498
LIST OF
J. Th. . . Joseph Thoiisoij, f.r.g.s., author of "Througli
Masai Land."
JoHK TAYLoit, Librarian, Free Library, Bristol
[article Ekisiol].
J. Arthur Thomson, Edinburgli [article Tkevi-
RANCS].
. J. Batty Tuke, M.D., Lecturer ou Insanity, School
of Medicine, Edinburgh.
. Captain J. Brechan Telfer, r.n., London.
. Hon. Justice Tuknbull, e..\., Pietermaritzbnrg,
Natal.
J. yv. fi. Traill, ild.. Professor of Botany,
University of Aberdeen [articles IL4.CGILLI-
TRAY, &c.].
. Hon. M. RcssELL Thayer, Philadelphia.
Marie vox Thilo, London [article Granada].
. M. E. Oldfield Thomas, British Museum.
. P. A. TiELE, University Librarian, Utrecht.
. P. G. Tait, M.A., D.Sc, Sec. E.S.E., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Edinburgh.
. Sir Richard Temple, Bart.,, G.c.s.i., D.C.L., 51.P.
. Sir Travers Twiss, q.c, Tj.c.l., F.r.s.," author of
the " Law of Nations."
. Thos. Adolphds Teollope, author of " Story of
the Life of Pius IX.'
Thomas Chas. Thorburx, Borough Surveyor,
Birkenhead [article Birkenhead].
. Sir William Turner, M.B.,LL.D., f.r.s., Professor
of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh.
. T^'ILLI.'-^t Thomson, m.a.. Professor of Mathe-
matics, Stellenbosch College, South Africa.
. Sir William Thomson, ll.D., f.r.s., Professor of
I'.atural Philosophy, University of Glasgow.
. Rev. William Turner, author of "Studies,
Biblical and Oriental."
Wm. Berxhard Tegetmeier, f.z.s., author of
"The Poultry Book."
. W. Cave Thomas, author of "Symmetrical
Education."
. Wm. Thos. Thornton, author of "A Plea for
Peasant Proprietors."
u
W. Cawthorne Unwin, b.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of
Engineering, Central Institute, City and
Guilds of London.
J. B. T. .
J. B. Te.
J. W. T.
U. R. T.
o. t. .
p. A. T.
P. G. T.
R. T. .
T. T. .
T. A. T.
W. T.
W. T*.
W. Th.
W. Tu.
W. B. T.
W. C. T.
W. T. T.
W. C. U.
A. V. .
A. W. V.
E. V. .
, AnonsT Voelcker (the late), f.r.s., Professor of
Chemistry, Agricultural Society of England.
Albert D. Vandam, London [articles Amsterdam,
Casanova].
Arthur Woollqar Verrali, m.a.. Lecturer in
Classics and Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge.
, Rev. Canon Venables, m.a., Precentor o: Lin-
coln.
J. V. John Veitch, ll.d.. Professor of Logic and
Rhetoric, University of Glasgow.
J. B. V. . J. Beekerinq Vinckers, Kampen, Holland.
L. V. . . Madame Linda Villari, Florence.
UF. V.-H. Leveson Francw Vernon-Harcocht, m.a., c.e.,
P. V.
S. H. V.
A. W.
A. \Vh.
A. Wi.
A. M. \V.
A. R. \V.
A. S. W.
A. W. W.
A. W. W»
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H. W.
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E. Wa. .
F.
\V. . .
F.
Wa. .
F.
We. .
F.
A. W. .
F.
E. W. .
Professor of Civil Engineering and Surveying,
University College, London.
, Prof. PASQn.u.E Villari, Istituto Reale,
Florence.
^rof. P. J. Veth, University of Amsterdam [article
Meltill].
. Sydney Howard Vines, d.Sc, f.r.s., Sherardian
Professor of Botany, University of Oxford.
w
. Andrew Wilson, Pn.D., Lecturer on Zoology ami
Comparative Anatomy, School of Medicine,
Edinburgh.
. Alexander Whttock (the late), Carpet Manu-
facturer, Edinburgh.
. A. WiR^N, Ph.D., Upsala.
. A. M. Wellington, Mem. Am. Soc. C. E., Niew
York.
A. N. WoLLASTON, C.I.E., Department of Rev-
enue, Statistics and Commerce, India Office,
London.
. Alfred R. Wallace, author of "Theory of
Natural Selection."
. A. S. Wilkins, ll.d.. Professor of Latin and
Comparative PhOology, Owens College,
Manchester.
Adolphcs Wm. Ward, Litt.D., Professor of
History and English Literature, Owens
College, Mandiester.
. Major Arthur Wellesley White, r.a., In-
structor, School of Gunnery, Woolwich.
Arthur W. Wright, Professor of Molecular
Physics and Chemistry, Vale College, New
Haven, Conn, [article Siluman].
. Benjamin Williamson, m.a., f.r.s.. Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Dublin.
. Cornelius Walford, author of " Famines of the
World, Past and Present,"
. C. Heath Wilson, author of "Life and Works of
Michelangelo."
. C. Page Wood, Scrope, Kelveden, Esse.x.
. Charles R. Alder Wright, d.Sc., f.r.s.,
London.
. Sir Daniel Wilson, ll.d.. President, Universitf
College, Toronto.
. Daniel Wright, ji.d., St Andrews, late of
Nepaul.
. Daniel F. Wright, M.D., Clarksville, Ten-
nessee.
. Rev. Edwin Wallace, m.a., author of " Outlines
of the Philoso2)hy of Aristotle."
. Rev. Edmund Warre, D.D., Head Master of Eton
College.
. Frederick Walters, London, late of Santiago
de Chile.
. Francis Watt, JI.a., Barrister-at-Law, London.
, Frederics Wedmore, author of "Masters of
Geure Painting."
, General F. A. Walker, Superintendent, United
States Tenth Census, Washington, D.C.
. Rev. Frederick E. Warren, b.d., Frenchay
Rectory, Bristol.
CONTRIBUTORS.
499
G.
W
•
H.
\v
H.
\v
A.
H.
A.
W.
H.
B.
\v.
H.
B.
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J. \v». .
J. wt. .
J. Wa. .
J. We. .
J. Wi. .
J. Wi*.
J. C. W.
J-
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J-
F.
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J-
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M. A. \\
GEORfiE WallI3, Keeper of Art Collection, South
Kensington Museum.
Henry Woodw.^kd, LL.D., F.R.S., Keeper of
Department of Geology, British JIuseum.
Hermasx Wasxer, Ph.D., Professor of Geography,
University of Gottingen.
Hugh A. ^yEBSTER, University Librarian, Edin-
burgh, Sub-editor of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
He.nrt Bringhuest Wilson, late of the British
Museum.
H. B. Wheatlet, Secretary, Topographical
Society of London.
Henry Edward Watts, Translator of " The In-
genious Gentleman, Don Quixote of La
Mancha."
H. F. AV'ilkinsox, late of the Field, London.
H. '^[arshall Ward, M.a., Professor of Botany,
Eoyal Engineering College, Cooper's Hill.
H. Trueman Wood, m.a.. Secretary, Society of
Arts, London [articles JIonopoly, Trade
Marks].
Rev. Hexry Wm. Watson, d.Sc, Berkeswell
Rectory, Coventry.
Isaac Watts, late Chairman, Cotton Supply
Association, Manchester.
, John Wilson (the late), Edington JIains, Ber-
wickshire.
. James Ward, Sc.d., Lecturer in Moral Science
and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
, James AYilliams, b.C.l., Barrister-at-Law, Lin-
coln's Inn, London.
. John AVarback, Mercantile Marine Board, Leith. .
. Julius Wellhause.v, D.D., Professor of Semitic
Languages and History, University of Mar-
burg.
. Justin Winsor, Harvard University Librarian,
Cambridge, Mass.
. Rev. John Wilson, m.a., late of Abernyte,
Forfarshire.
John Watson, Edinburgh [article Baikie].
Joseph W hit.iker, Proprietor of the Bookseller,
London [" Bookselling " in article Book].
. James Claude Webster, Middle Temple, Eaxris-
ter-at-Law, London.
. J. Clifton Ward, Keswick.
. JosiAH DmGHT Whitney, Stnrgis-Hooper Pro-
fessor of Geology, Harvard University, Cam-
• bridge, Mass.
. John F. White, ll.D., Dundee.
. General Jas. T. Walker, R.E., C.B., LL.D., F.R.S.,
Director General, Trig. Survey, India.
■. Mi-s Humphry Ward, author of "Robert
Elsraere."
R
w
*
R.
w
1.
R.
M
\\
R.
N.
W
S.
A.
w.
s.
J.W.
R. W. . . Rey. Robert Wallace, D.D., m.P., late Professor
of Church History, University of Edinburgh.
Richard Williams, Newtown, Montgomeryshire.
Robert Wilson, London.
R. Mortimer Wheeler, Glasgow.
Ralph Nicholson Wobsdm, author of "Analysis
of Ornament, Cliaracteristics of Style."
Stewart A. Wyllie, late of Plymouth.
Rev. S. J. Whitmee, f.r.g.s., Rathmines, Co^
Dublin.
T W. . . W. Theodore Watts, Putney Hill, London.
Thos. Humphry Ward, m.a., author of " English
Art m the Public Galleries of London" [article
Hollar].
T. Holt White, London [article Calais].
T. M. W. . Thos. M'Kinnon Wood, London.
W. W. . . William Wallace, m.a., Whyte's Professor of
Moral Philosophy, University of O-Kford.
W. W*. . William Wright, ll.D., Professor of Arabic.
University of Cambridge.
\V. Wl . William Wilson, Glasgow, author of " The
Swimming Instructor."
W. Wr. . William Wright, Virginia City, Nevada.
WiLLi.vil Wallace, Herald Office, Glasgow [article
Aurelius].
W. A. Whyte, Edinburgh [articles Batard, &c.].
W. C.-W. . Wm. Crawford WilllaHson, ll.D., f.r.s., Pro-
fessor of Botany, Owens College, Manchester.
W. D. W. . WiLLL^M Dwight Whitney, ll.d.. Professor of
Sanskrit, Yale College, New Haven, Conn.
W. H. W. . Maj.-Gen. W. H. Wardell, R.a., late of the
Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey.
W. H. K. Wright, Librarian, Free Library,
Plymouth [article Plymouth].
W. M. Watson [article Columbia, District of].
W.S.B.W. W. S. B. Woolhouse, author of "Weights and
Measures of aU Nations."
C. Y. . . Charles Vrl\rie, author of " L'Histoire de
Venice."
E. S. Yovtcheff, National Library, Sofia.
Bulgaria [articles Varna, Wlddin].
Francis Young, London [article An Pasha].
H. Y. . . Colonel Henry Yule, r.e., c.b.'^ll.d., author of
" The Book of Marco Polo."
J. Y. . . John Young, m.d., Professor 8f Natural History,
University of Glasgow.
THIS LIST DOES NOT INCLUDE TRA>'BLAT0R8
OR REVISERS.
APPENDIX
AMERICAN REVISIONS AND ADDITIONS
TO THE
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA
(NINTH EDITION.)
A T^ICTIONARY OF
ARTS, SCIENCES AND GENERAL LITERATURE
BY
W. H. DE PUY, DD., LL.D.,
ASSISTED BY A CORPS OP TRAINED WRITERS.
CHICAGO
R S. PEALE COMPAJSry
1892
COPYRIGHT, 1891,
B^ R. S. Peale & Co.
American Revisions and Additions, Vol. XXV.
CONDENSED
Biographical Dictionary.
BORN DIED
Aa, van der, Abraham Jacob. Dutch biographer. 1792 1867
Aa, van der. Christian Chas. Hy. Dutch scholar 1718 1792
Aa, van der, Peter. Bookseller of Leydeu , . 1730?
Aagaard, N.Lauridsen. Dau. scholar and writer 1612 1657
Aagard, Chrlstiau. Danish poet 1616 1664
Aagesen, Sveud. Earliest Dutch historian 1130
Aal, Jacob. Norwegian metallurgist 1773 1^
Aall Pashi". Turkish statesman 1815 1871
Aalst, Kverard. Dutch painter ... 1602 1658
Aalst, William, nephew. Dutch painter 1620 1679
Aarestrup, Carl Ludwig Emih Danish poet . . , ISOO 1856
Aarlfi Pasha. Turk. "statesman. Prime minister. 1830
Aaron-Acharon. Caratie Rabbi fl. 1346
Aaron, Saint. British martvr 308
Aaron, Samuel. American' educator 1800 1865
Aarsens, or Aertsen, P. Lanar P. Dutch painter 1519 1575?
Aarsens, van. Frans. Dutch diplomatist 1572 1641
Aarsens, van. Cornelius. Dutch statesman . . . 1,>13 1624
Aartgens. Dutch paiuter 1498 l.'>64
Aartsbergen, A. van der C Dutch statesman 1580 1656
Aartsen, or Aarsens. Dutch painter 1519 1575
Aasen, Ivar Andreas. Xorwegian philologist. .. 1813 . ..
Aba, Samuel. King of Hungary 1044
Abadl., Abu Amru Ibn Habed.' Moorit,h king 1042
Abadie, Eugene H. French stirgeon in America . 1814 1874
Abad y Quiropo Manuel. Spanish bishop 1775 1824
Abamonti Giuseppe. Neapolitan statesman 1759 1818
Abancourt, d' Chas. Frerot. French engineer 1801
Abancourt, d', C. X. J.F. Min. of war Louis XVI 1758 1792
Abano, di. Pietro. Italian astrologer 1250 1315
Abarbanel, I. Darbauella, Learned Spanish Jew 1437 1508
Abarca, Joaquin. Don. Spanish prelate . 1780 \iyii
Abascal, J. Fernando. Spanish viceroy of Peru. 1743 1821
Abasolo, Mariauo. Mexican patriot 17S0 1811
Abassldes. Most famous dynasty of caliphs 749 1258
Abate, And. Italian painter of natural history.. . 1732
Abati, Antonio. Italian poet 1667
Abatl, or Abbat.N. DtlV Abate. Painter in fresco 1512 1571
Abatln, Guido Ubaldo. Painter in fresco 1600 1665
Abauzit, Firmin. French philosopher and writer 1679 1767
Abba Arika. See Ashe.
Abbad. See Abad.
Abbadie, d', Autoine Thomson. French vovager 1810
Abbadie, d', A.M. Brnthcr of prectiling. Voyager 1815 ., ,
Abbadie, Jacques. French Protestant theologian 1654? 1727
Abbadie, d', . French governor in America. 1710 1765
Abbas I., The Great, Shah (king i of Persia 1571 1629
Abbas Mirza. shah (kiug) of Persia 1786 1833
Abbate, dell', Niccoli). Italian fresco painter. .. 1512 1571
Abbatissa, or Badessa, Paul. Sicilian poet fl. 1560
Abbatucci. Charles. French general 1771 1796
Abbatucci, Jacques Pierre C. French diplomat . 1791 1867
Abbe, Cle\eland. American meteorologist. .. 1838 ....
Abbett, Leon. American lawyer and statesman . 1836
Abbeville, d', Claude, Pere, 'Capuchin historian. IBW 1632
Abbey, Edwin Austin. American artist 1862
Abbey, Henry, .\merican author 1842
Abbey, Richard. American M. E. clergyman .. . Is05 .. .
Abblati, Philip. Historical painter 1640 1715
Abbo Floriacensis. Abbot of Fleury 945 1094
Abbot, Abiel. Amer. Congregational clergyman 1770 1828
Abbot, Abiel. Amer. Cong, clergyman and author 1765 1859
Abbot, Benjamin. American teacher. 1762 1849
Abbot, Charles. First Lord Colchester. Speaker 17.57 1829
Abbot, Ezra. American Biblical scholar 1819 1884
Abbot, F. E, American journalist and author. .. . 1836 ....
Abbot, George. Archbishop of Canterbury 1562 1633
Abbot, George. Parliamentarian 1600 1648
Abbot, Henry L. American soldier and inventor. 1831
Abbot, Joel. American physician and statesman. 1766 1826
Abbot, Joel. American na'val othcer 1793 1855
Abbot, Joseph Hale. American educator 1802 1873
Abbot, Lemuel. Portrait painter 1762? 1803
Abbot, Robert. Bishop of Salisbury 1560 1618
Abbot, S. Founder of theol. sem. at Andover .. 1732 1812
Abbot, Samuel. American lawyer and inventor . 1786 1839
Abbott, Austin. American law'yer and author.. . 1831
BORN DIE!
Abbott, Benjamin. American M. E. clergyman . 1732 1796
Abbott, BeujaminVaughan. American law writer 18.50 1890
Abbott, Charles Conrad. American naturalist .. 1843 ...
Abbott, Chas 1st Ld. Tenterden. Ld. Chief Just. 1762 1832
Abbott, Edw. American Congregational clergy'n 1841 ...
Abbott. Ed-win . I. Eug. theologian and author. . 1838 ...
Abbott, Evelyn. English classical scholar 1843
Abbott, Gorh'amD. American educator and auth. 1807 1874
Abbott, Horace. American manufacturer 1S06 1887
Abbott. Jacob. American author 1803 1879
Abbott, John. American etomologist and author
Abbott, John Jos. Caldwell. Canadian lawyer. . . 1811
Abbott, John Stevens Cabot. .'American historian 1805 1877
Abbott. Jos Carter. Amer. soldier and journalist 1825 1882
Abbott, Lyman. American clergyman and author 1835
Abbott, Robert Osborne. American surgeon ... 1824 1867
Abbt, Tliomas. Cierman writer and professor . . 1738 1766
Abd ( .\rabic. xcrrnnt). an initial woid in Semitic.
Abdailah-Ibn-Yasiu. Fakih 1059
Abdallah Bee Abd el Mottallib. Father Moham'd 545 576
Abdallah Ben Yassim. Founder of Almoravides. fl.ab.l050
Abdallah Ben Zobair. Sultan of Mecca 692
Abdallatlf. Arabian philosopher 1162 1231
Abdalmalek. Ommiad Caliph of Damascus , . 705
Abd-el-Azlz II. Moorish viceroy of Spain 716
Abd el-Kadtr, or Abdul-Kadir. Emir of Algeria. 1807? 1883
Abd el Mottallib. Grandfather of Mohammed... 497 579
Abd el Mumen. 1st caliph of the Almohades 1163
AbdelWahab. Founder of the Wahabees 1692 1787
Abderahman 1. Founder of Cordova caliphate . 731 787
Abderaliman III., The Great. Moorish sovereign .. . 961
Abd-er-Rahman Khan. Ameer of Afghanistan... 1830
Abdul-Aziz. Sultan of Turkey 1830 1876
Abdul-Hamet. Sultan of Turkey (1774-1789) 1789
Abdul-Hamld II. Sultan of Turkey 1842 ...
Abdul-Kadir. See Abd-el-Kadir.
Abdullah. See Abdallah.
Abdul-Mejld. Sultan of Turkey 1823 1861
Abdy, John Thomas, English lawyer . 1822
A'Becket, Arthur "William. English dramatist . 1844 .. .
A 'Becket, Gilbert Abbot. English comic writer.. 1811 1856
A'Becket. See Becket, Thomas a.
Abeel. David. American missionary 1804 1846
Abegg, Bruno Erhard. German lawyer 1803 1848
AbeUle, Ciaspar French poet and dramatist . . . 1648 1718
Abeille, J. French military surgeon .... 1809
Abeille, John Christ. L. Geriuuu nins. and comp. 1761 1832
Abeken, Bernhard Rudolf. Germau philologist,. 1780 1866
Abel, Carl. German philolosis't 1827
Abel, Charles. French archa*ologist ,. . 1824 ...
Abel, Chas. Frederick. German musical compos. 1725 1787
Abel, Dr. Clarke. Historian oi t.liinese embassy . . . 1826
Abel, Frederic Augustus. Sir. English chemist.. . 1827
Abel, Caspar. Historian of Germany. ... — 1676 1763
Abel, Jacob Frederick vou. German philosopher 1751 1829
Abel, Joseph. German painter 1768 1818
Abel, Nicholas Henrv. Swedish mathematician. 1802 1829
Abel, Niels Henrik. Norwegian mathematician. . 1802 1829
Abela, John Francis.. 1582 1655
Abelard, or Abailard. Pierre. French philosopher 1079 1142
Abell, John. English singer and musician fl. ab. 1701
Abelli, Luuis. Bishop of Rhodes 1603 1691
Abencerrage. .\ famous .Moorish family fl. I5th c
Abendana, Jacob. Spanish Jew. Commentator. ... 1685
Abendrotb, Ammadeus ,\ug. German lawyer 1767 1842
Aben-Ezra. The Wise. Jewish commentator.. .. 1119? 1174
Abercrombie, James. Britis'u general in America 1706 1781
Abercrombie, James. American P. E. clergyman 1758 1841
Abercrombie, John. Horticulturist 1726 1806
Abercrombie, John. M. D 1781 1844
Abercromby, Alex., Lord. Scotchjudgeand writ. 1745 1796
Abercromby, Patrick, M. D 16.56 1716?
Abercromby, Gen. Sir R, L. by Ld. Dumferline. . 1738? 1801
Abercromby, Sir Robert. Brit, soldier in Canada 1740 1827
Aberdeen, Geo. H. G. ,4th earl of. Brit, statesman 1784 1860
Aberdeen, J. C. H. G., 7th earl of. Son of preced. 1847
Aberli, John Louis. Swiss landscape paiuter 1723 1786
(1677)
1678
A B E R N E T H Y — ii D E L A 1 D E
BORN DIED
AbernetHy, John. English surgeon 1764 1831
Abernethy, John. Irish Presljyterian IbSO 1740
Abert, Jas. \Vm. Am. soldier, eiig. and educator 1820 . . .
Abert, John James, Col. Am. military engineer . 1788 l»b3
Abert, Silvanus Thaver. Amer. soldier and eng. isas ....
Abert, William Stretch. American soldier i»36 1S67
Abich, Wilhelm Hermann. Ger.-Rus. naturalist 180b 1S86
Ablcbt, Carl Ernst. Ger. classical philologist. .. 1831 ....
Ablldgaard, Nicolai Abraham. Danish painter. . 1/43 1809
Ablldgaard, Peter Christian. Dan.natur.and phy 1740 1801
Abinger, James Scarlett, Lord. English judge. .. 1769 1844
Abington, Frances. Funnu Burton. Eng. actress.. i,iSJ 1815
AblBbal, Heurv O'Donnell. Spanish general 1770 im
Ablancourt, d' Nicholas Parrot. French writer.. 160b lbb4
Abney, Sir Thomas. M. P. Lord Mayor 16o9 irii
Aboo or AbOU( Arabic. foHier). See ABU.
About, Edmoud Francois Valentin. French writer 1828 1885
Aboville, d' Francois Marie Comte. Fr. sol.m Am. lioO 1817
Abrabanel, Isaac. Portuguese Jewish author.. .. 14.57 1508
Abrabam-a Sancta-Clara. R. C. pre'r. of \ lenua 1644 1/09
Abrabam-ben-Chaila. Span. rab. and astrologer . 1303
Abrahams, Simeon. Am.phy.aud philanthropist 1809 1867
Abrahamson, Abraham. German Jew. Medalist 1754 1811
Abrabamson. Werner John Fred. Ger.critic. . . . . . 1744 1812
Abramof, Jacob Vasilieviteh. Rus. polit. writer 1858 ..^.
Abrantes, d', AndocheJunot.Duc. French gen. 1/71 1813
Abrantes, d', Jose, Hon. Portuguese statesman. . 1/84 1827
Abrantes, d', Laurette Juuot, Duchess ■■ •■■■
Abrescb, Friedrich Ludwig. Ger. classical scholar 1699 1782
Abrial, Joseph Andre. French statesman. . . . . .,. . . 1/50 182b
Abiuzzo, Balthasar. Sicilian i>hilos. and civilian 160.? 1665
Abaalon. Icelandic archbishop of Lund 1128 1201
Abt,, Franz. German musical composer ,■•-:-- 1°1=„ J???
Abu-AbdUlah Mohammed. Founder Almohades 1087? 1130
Abu-Bekr,Abou-Bekr. Caliph of Mecca. .^ 5/3? 634
Abu-Hayyan. .\thir-i-<l-Uiii. .Arabian author. .. . 12.D6 1344
Abu 1-Abbas-Abdallah. As-f<,'.ffnh. Caliph 720? /54
AbUlfaraJ, Mar Grecorius. Bar-Hthra:<is. Arm... 1226 128b
Abu-1-Fazl. Vizier of Akbar and historian Ib08?
Abu-1-Feda, Ismail-Ilm-Ali. .\rnbian warrior.. 12/3: 1331
Abulgasl-Bayatur. Khan of Tartary . .^ 1605 1663?
Abu-1-Kasim. Arab, surgical writer of Cordova ^ lllOi
Abulolla, Arabian poet . ■ ■. 9/^ 10o7
Abumansur. Arabian astronomer and biogr 885 .^ _
Abunowas. Arabian poet '62 810
Abu-Obeldah. Mahometan conqueror - ... 581 639
Abu-Rlban. AUhihuhilmd. Geog. and astrol'r. . fl 11th c.
Abu-Said. Bnhandrr Klinn. Pers. king (1317-35). 1305? 1.53.5
Abu-Said-Mlrza. Sovereign of the Moguls 1427 1469
Abu-Teman. Arabian poet 845.
Acamaplctli I. Aztic king ijsa
Acca. Bishop of Hexham ""
Accarrlt, Michael. Explorer ■-^- •■ ■
Acciaioli, D. Florentine scholar and statesman. 1428 14/8
Acoialoll, Zenobio. Italian scholar 1461 1519
Acciaioli Salvettl, Magdalen. Florentine poetess 1610
Accolti, B. Florentine lawyer and historian 1415 1466
Accolti, Benedict, grandson. Cardinal. Latmist. 149/ 15J1
ACCOiti, Francis. Francis of Arezzo. Jurist.. .... 1418? 1485?
Accum Friedrich Christian. Cierman chemist. . 1769 I808
Accord's, Stephen Tnhourot.Seig.des. Freuchpoet 1516? 1561
Accorso, Mariangelo. Collector of MSS J!2!!i ,„„,:,
Accorso, or Accursius, Francis. Ital. lawyer 1182.' 1260
Acerbi, Giuseppe. Italian writer - 1773 1846
Acevedo, Felix Alvarez. Spanish insurg.leader... .... 1820
Acbard, Ami?dt'e Louis EugOne. French journal t. 1814 18/5
Acbard, Franz Karl. German chemist 1753 1821
Achards, Eleazar Francis des. Miss'y to Cochin. . 1679 1741
Achenbacb, .Vndreas. Ger. landscape painter 1815
Acbery, d'. Luke. SeeD'AonERV 1609 1685
A "iiiardl, d', Antonio. Italian naturalist 1839
Achilles Tatlus. Alexandrian rhet'n. and bish.fl ab. a.d. .500
Achillinl, Alessandro. Italian phil. and phys. ... 1463 1512
Achllllni, John Philotheus, (mifftcr. Poet 1466 1538
Achillini, Claude. Italian savant 1574 1640
Achmetl. Sultan of Turks (1603-17) 1590 1617
Achmet II. (1691-95) vv'i i' t J-nL
Achtschelling, Lucas, of Brussels. Landscape ptr. fl. IbOO.'
Acidalius, Valens. German critic and philologist. 156/ lb05
Ackerman, Conrad. German comedian 1710 1771
Ackerman, Rudolph, Eug. pub.; introd. litho.... 1764 1834
Ackmar, William. Scottish portrait painter 18th cen.
Acland, Rev.Charh's. Writer on Indiana 1814 1845
Acland, Chris. Ilar. Car. Fox. Mrs. John Dyke 1/50 1815
Acland, •'"'ill Viikr. British com. grenadiers 17/8
Acolhrra I King of Azoapotzalco. - -.^^ ; ■ • ■ ■ -^ •
Acontius,or Acouico. J. Phil., divme; civilian. . 1492 1566
Aconzio,ia"opo. (Lnt. .'<ico(ui.« .4i-oii(iti.9.) It.wnter 1500? 1,56,5?
Aconz Kover, Stefan. Armenian writer .. - l^t^, l';24
Acosta, de, Jose. Span.missionary and author... 1.539. IbOO
Acosta, (inhri, I of Coimhra. Commentator of O. T 1616
Acosta, rnV(,,)/Oj)or(o. Convert to Judaism ^.. 164,
Acosta, Ceirlio. VenezuelRU jurist and writer — 18.jl 188U
Acosta, Joaquin. Colombian soldier and author 1799 1852
Acosta. Santos. Colombian statesman 18:»
Acqua, deir, Cesare. Italian painter .,... .. 1821 ._..
'Acquaviva, A. Matt. Originator of cyclopaedias. - 14.Sh i,")2.s
Acrel Olof Swedish medical writer 1717 1807
Acrelius, is. Historian of Sw. colonies in Amer. 17)4 1800
BORN DIEl?
Acropllta, George. Byzantine historian 1220 1282
Acton, Joseph. Neapolitan prime minister 1737 1811
Acualmetzll. Mexican warrior , .■■:■■■ 162" 15*2
Acuna, dT'erdinand. Spanish poet and soldier. .... 1680
Acuna, Manuel. Mexican poet 1849 1873
Acufla, de, Crist6bal. Spanish Jesuit 1597 1676
Adair, Jas. Makittrick. Scottish medical writer. 1728 1802
Adair, John. Amer. general and politician 1769 1840
Adair, James. Sergeant-at-law 1798
Adair, James. Indian trader and author
Adair, Sir Robert. G.C. B. Diplomatist 1763 1855
Adair, Wm. P. Asst. chief of the Cherokee nation 1828 1880
Adalard, or Alelard. Cousin of Charlemagne — 753? 826
Adalberon. Archbishop of Reims (969-s8| 988
Adalberon, Ascelinus. Bishop of Laon (977-1030) 950? 1030
Adalbert, Bish. of Magdeburg; Miss, to the Sclav 981
Adalbert, or Adelbert. Abp.of Bremen and H. R .. 10/2
Adam, Albrecht. German painter 1786 1862
Adam, Alex., LL. D. of Edinburgh 1741 1809
Adam, Bt. A/as(f/-,4dam,joinerand poetof Nevers — 1662
Adam, F'rancis Gaspard. French sculptor 1710 1759
Adam, Edmond., Mme. JiiUrttr Lambcr. Fr. writer 1836 ....
Adam, Eugen. German military painter 1817 1880
Adam, Lueien. French philologist 1833
Adam, Gr.-eme, Mercer. Scottish author in Can.. 1839 ....
Adam, Lambert Sigisbert. French sculptor 1700 1759
Adam, Melchior. German divine and biographer .... Ib22
Adam, Nicholas. French grammarian 1716 1792
Adam, Nich. Sebast. French sculptor 1/05 1778
Adam, Robert. Architect 1^28 1792
Adam, Rev. Robert 1^0 l»26
Adam, Thomas. Divine ............. 1^01 1/84
Adam, Right Hon. Wm. Lawyer and politician. , 1/.t1 1839
Adam of Bremen. Eccl. historian and missionary 11 1067
Adam of Orleton. Bishop of Winchester „ .1-*, i%'°
Adam of Murimuth. Chronicler Ed.iii<SKan
AdamScotus. Doctor of the Sorbonne. Biogr -^ 1189
Adam de Marisco. Scholar ■ n 1200
Adamanteo. Italian math, and Orientalist .... 1681
Adamantius. Greek physician fl *• !>■ *}^'
Adami, Leonard. Italian scholar 1690 1719
Adami, Tobias. Ger. scholar... loSl 1643
Adams, Abigail. Wife of Pres. John Adams 1/44 1818
Adams, Alvin. American expressman..^ . . . 18U4 1877
Adams, .^luos. American clergyman and author 1728 1775
Adams, Andrew. American jurist and statesman 1^36 1797
Adams, Benjamin. Amer. lawyer and statesman I/60 1837
Adams. Brooks. American lawyer and author.. .. 1848 ....
Adams, Cluuies. American lawyer 1'85 1861
Adams, I'luirles Baker. American naturalist. ... 1814 1800
Adams, Charles Folleu. Amer. soldier and poet. 1842 ....
Adams, Charles Francis, son o/X Q. Am. lawyer. 1807 188t»
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. Am. sold. and lawyer 1835 ....
Adams, Chas. Kendall. Am. educator and author. 1836 ...
Adams, Daniel. American physician and author 1773 1864
Adams, Edwin. American actor 1834 1877
Adams, Eliphalet. American Cong, clergyman. . 16/7 1/63
Adams, Ezra Eastman. Amer. Cong. cl. and poet 1813 1871
Adams, Francis. M. D. Medical translator 1^9/ 1861
Adams, F. W. American violin maker 1/87 18^
Adams, George. Instrument maker. _ ._;■• 178b
Adams, George, son. Instrument maker 1/^. vm
Adams, Hannah. American authoress 176o IBia
Adams, Heurv A. American naval olhcer.^ 1833 ....
Adams, Heurv B. American educator, author. .^. 1838 ....
Adams, Herbert Baxter. Am. educator and writ. 1850 _^
Adams, Isaac. American inventor and manfr.... 18U3 18S,<
Adams. James Hopkins. American statesman... 1811 1861
Adams, Jasper. American educator - ........ 1/93 1841
Adams, John. Colonizer of Pitcairn's Island ... 1764 1829
Adams, John. Am. clergyman, poet and linguist 1^04 1/40
Adams, John. American educator 1/ /2 I8b»
Adams, John. American sailor 17% 1886
Adams, John. American soldier. 18-5 i»b4
Adams John F. American St. E. clergyman .. 1/90 1881
Adams John Quincy. son of Joh„ 6th ITes U S. 1767 im
Adams, John. Lawyer and second Pres. of U. S.. 1 106 1826
Adams, John Couch. English astronomer 1819 .._.
Adams, Joseph. M.D. Medical writer... 1/56 1818
Adams Julius Walker. Amer. civil engineer.. . 812 .
Adams Nehemiah. Amer. clergyman and author 1806 1878
Adams Richard. Ejected Nonconformist .1630 1698
Adams Robert H. Amer. lawyer and s atesnian. 1/92 1830
Adams Seth. Am. manfr. and philanthropist. . 1801 1873
Adams, Stephen. American statesman 1857
Adams, Samuel. American surgeon. ........... ..-^ 1867
Adams Samuel. Amer rev. uat not and sates. . 1722 im
Adams, William. Am. Pres. cl. and educator. ... 1807 1880
Adams Wm. Forbes. Irish-Amer. Epis. Bishop. 1833 ....
Adams Wm. Henry Davenport. Eng. book com. 1829 ....
Artams Wm Taylor. OlirrrOplic. Amer. writer. 1822 ....
AdtSsin ?atrf/k. Archb. of St. Andrews, scot.. 1537 1592
Adanson, Michel. French naturalist ...... ^ 1-27 1806
Addison, Joseph. English poet and essayist 16^2 1719
Addison, Launcelot. -Dean of Litchfield 16o2 1/03
Adelaaro'Adeler. CortSivertsen. Dan.nav.com. 1622 16^
Adelaide, Madame. Aunt of Louise X\ 1 1/32 18W
Adelaide. Sisterof Louis Philippe ............ 177/ 1M7
Adelaide. Queen of Eng. Consort 01 Wm. IV.... 1792 1849
A D E L A R D — A L A I N
1679
BORN DIED
Adelard. Cousin of Charlemagne. Founder 753? 826
Adelard. Monk of Bath. Trans, and writer fl. 1130
Adelbert, Saint. Apostle of the Prussians 939 997
Adelgrelf, Johaun Albrecht. C.erman fanatic 1636?
Adelmann von Adelmannsfelden. Alfred, Count. 1848 1887
Adelon, Nicholas Philiben. Fr. phy. and writer. 1782 1852
Adelung, Johaun Christoph. Ger. phililosist 1732 1806
Ademar, monk and ehrouicler of St. Martial 998? 1030?
Ademollo, Alessandro. Ital. histn. and statesman 1826
Adet, Pierre Auguste. French envov and chemist 1763 1832
Adhad-Eddoulat. Emperor of Persia 936 988
Adh-dhahebl. Arabian historian 1275 1348?
Adhemar, William. Proveni.al poet 1190?
Adimari, Alex., of Florence. Scholar and poet... 1579 UH9
Adimari, Louis, of Florence. Satirist 1644 1708
Adlerbeth, Gudmuud Giiran. Swedish poet 1751 1818
AdIerfeld,Gustav. S\v. historian and difilomatist 1671 1709
Adler, Felix. Ger. educator and writer in Amer. 1851
Adler, cieo. J. Amer professor and author 1821 1868
Adler, Jakob George Christian. Dan. Orientalist. 1756 l&^l
Adler, James George Christian. Dan. Orientalist. 1755 1805
Adler Salvius, John. Swedish statesman 1590 1652
Adlersfeld, von, Eufemia. Countess Ballestrem. 1854 ...
Adlzreitter, John. Bavarian historian 1596 1662
Ado, Archbishop of \'ieuna (860-7.3). Historian... 800? ^75
Adolphus I. Count of Holsteiu 1128
Adolphus II. Hun uf Adulpliux I. Warrior 1128 1164
Adolphus of Nassau. German emperor 1252 1298
Adorni, Caterina Fieschi. Italian poetess 1447? 1510
Adrain, Robert. Irish prof, of math, in America 1775 1843?
Adrets,des, Francis de Beaumont. Hug. leader.. 1512? 1585
Adrian. Emperor of Rome. See Hadrlix.
Adrian I. Pope 795
Adrian rv. Nicholas Breakspeare. Pope 1159
Adrian VI. Pope 14.59 1523
Adrian. Garnett B. Amer. lawyer and statesman 1816 1878
Adralni, Giovanni Battista. Italian historian 1513 1579
Adraino. The Friar. Spanish painter 1630
Aduarte. Diego. Spanish historian 15707 1637
Adriansen, Alexander. French artist 1625? .. ,
Adrichomius, Christ. Dutch writer on Holy Land 1533 1585
Adry, John Felioissime. French writer 1739 1818
.£gidius de Aolumna. M. P. Dr. Schoolman 1316
.SIgidius, Peter, of Antwerp. S.; Fd.of SirT. More 1480 1533
.ffigidius, Peter, of Antwerp. Oriental traveler. .. 1400 165o
.ffigineta, Pancns, of -Egina. Medial writer 630?
.Sglnhard, or Eginhard 771? 839
JElfric. See Alfric.
.£Iian, Claudius. Historian and Rhetorician.. fl. ah. 250a. d.
£llus Spartianus. Biog. of Roman Emperors., fl. 300?
£lred. See .iiLEED. Historian 1109 1166
.ffilst, Kverhard vau. Dutch painter 1602 1658
.^Ist, Williain van. nephew. Dutch painter 1620 1679
.ffilus Donatus. Grammarian at Rome fl. 356
.Smllianus, C. Julius. Emperor (2.K| 208? 253
.Smilius, Paulis. Mncedo7tints. Captor of Perseus 230?b.c.160
.Smilius, Paulis. French historian 1529
JEneas, or .^ngus. Ir. bishop and hagiographer 820
.£neas Gaz£eus. Christian writer fl. 487
.fineas Sylvius. Pope Pius II. Life by himself .. 1405 1464
.£n8eas Tacticus. Greek military writer fl.B.c..362?
.£pinus, Franz I'lrich Theodor. Ger. electrician 1724 1802
JEpinus, John. German reformer 1499 1553
.Srtsen or Aartsen, Pieter Piifro-ioHyu. D. paint. 1519 1573?
.ffischines. Athenian orator B.C. 389 314
iEschylus. Greek tragic poet B.C. 525 456
.£sop. Greek fabulist fl.B.c.lst. c.
.ffisopus, Clodius. Roman tragedian fl. b. c. 560
.£tius. Roman general. 396? 454
Affo, Ireneo. Italian antiquarian and historian. . 1741 1800?
Affre, Denis -iuguste. Archbishop of Paris 1793 1848
Affry, d', Louis Aug. Phil. C. Swiss statesman 1743 1810
Afranins, Lucius. Roman comic poet fl.B.c. 100?
Afiricanus, John Leo. Traveler and geographer. . 1483? 1352
Africanus, Sextus Cfecilius. Roman jnrisconsult.fl. 133 160
Africanus, Sextus Julius. Christian historian, 232
Afzelius, .4dam. Swedish botanist 1750 1836
Aganduru, Roderick Maurice. Sp. Miss, to the £. fl 1640?
AaapetuB I. Pope (5:i5-5:36) 536
Agapetus U. (a46-956) 956
Agar, d', James. French portrait painter 1640 1716
Agar, John .\nthony Michael. French financier. 1771 1844
Agar, Jean Antoine Michael. French financier.. 1771 1844
Agard, Arthur . Antiquary 1540 1615
Agardn, Karl Adolph. Swedish botanist 1785 1859
Agas, ur Aggas, Ralph. Engraver and surveyor .—aft. lo96
Agasias, of Ephesus. Sculptor fl.4th c.b.c.
Agasslz, Alexander. Son of L. J. E. A. Nat 1835
Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph. Swiss naturalist 1807 1873
Agathocles. Tyrant of Syracuse b. c. 360? 289
Agesilaus n. iCingof Sparta B. c. 444? 360
Agier, Pierre Jean. French judge 1748 1823
Agnelli, Jacopo. Italian Jesuit and writer 1701 1798
Agnello, Andrea. Abbot and histn. of Ravenna... fl. 9th c.
Agnesl, Maria Gaetana. Italian mathematician. 1718 1799
Agnew, Cornelius Rea. American surgeon 1830 1888
Agnew, David H. American surg. and educator. 1818 ...
Agnew, James. British soldier in America 1777
JU^nolo, d', Baccio. Florentine eng. and arch.. 1460 1543
BOES DIED
Agobard. .\rchbishop or Lyons (816-40) 779 840
AgOStini, Leonard. Italian antiquary 1686?
Agostino, Paul, of Valerano. Musical' composer. 1593 1629
Agostino da Montefeltro. Padre. El.It.pr 1839
Agoult, d', Marie Cath. Soph, de Flav. Fr. auth. 1805 1876
Agresti, -Alberto. Italian author -..1M4
Agresti, Livo. Historical painter 1580 ...
Agramonte, Ignacro. Cuban lawyer and revo.. 1841 1873
Agrlcola, Christopher Louis. Painterandengraver 1777 1719
Agrlcola, Cn. Julius. Roman general 37 93
Agricola, George, of Saxony. Metallurgist 1494 1555
Agrlcola. Geo. .\nd. Ger.phys. and arborculturist 1672 1738
Agricola, Johaun. -\ntinoniian divine of Saxonv 1492 1566
Agrlcola, John Frederick. Ger. mus. and com. .'. 1720 1774
Agricola, Martin, of Magdeburg i486 1556
Agricola, Michael. Finnish translator of Bible 1557
Agricola, Rudolph. Dutch scholar 1443 1485
Agrippa, Camillus. Milauese architect fl. 1583
Agrippa, Henry Cornelius. Soldier, writer, etc.. 1486 1535
Agrippa I., Herod. King of the Jews. Acts xii. 9E.C.44 a.d.
Agrippall., Herod. Son of Agrippa I. Acts.xxvi ...31 100
Agrippa. Grandson of Augustus .12 B.C. 14 a.d.
Agrippinal. The Elder. Wife of Germanicus. 12?b.c.83a.d.
Agrippina II. The i'miniier. Mother of Nero 15? 60
Aguado, Pedro. Spanish author
Aguero, Joaquin de. Cuban insurrectionist 1816 1851
Aguesseau, d', H. F. Chancellorof France 1668 1751
Agueynabal. Sachem of the Island of Porto Rico
Aguilar, Maria. Mexican author 1695 1756
Aguilar, Grace. English Jewish authoress 1816 1847
Aguilera, Ventura Ruiz. Spanish poet 1820 1881
Aguillon, Francis. Flemish mathematician 1566 1617
Aguilo y Fuster, Mariano. Span, bibliographer. 1825
Aguirre, Jose Maria. Mexican lawyer 1778 1852
Aguirre, de, Joseph Saenz. Cardinal. Writer 1630 1699
Aguirre, Lope de. Spanish adventurer
Agujari, Lucretia. Italian vocalist 1783
Agusllna, of Saragossa. Spanish patriot 1857
Agylseus, Heurv. Lawyer and scholar 1533? 1595
Ahlefeld, von, Charlotte. German novelist 1781 1849
Ahlquist, August Englebert. Finnish philologer. 1826
Ahlwardt, Theodor Wilhelm. Germ. orientalist. 1828 ...
Ahmed ()/■ Achmet. III. Ottoman emperor 1673 1739
Ahmed-ben-Fares.orElRazi. Ar. lexicographer 990
Ahmed Khan. Mogul king of Persia (1282-84) 1284
Ahmed Shah el Abdaly. 1st K. of Candahar 1723 1773
Ahn, Johaun Franz. German grammarian 1796 1865
Ahrens, Heiurich. German jurist and author. .. . 1808 1874
Ahuizotl. King of the .\ztecs
Abumada y d', Villalon Agustin. Marquis 1760
Aicard, Jean. French poet 1848
Aidan. Kiug of Scotland (578-606) 528 606
Aidan, St. Bishop of Lindisfarne 651
Aide, Hamilton. English jioet and novelist 1830 ....
Aignan, Etienue. French republican and writer. 1773 1824
Aiguebere, Jean Dumas. French dramatist 1692 1755
Aiguillon, d', Armand. Prime minister of France 1720 1782
Aiken, Charles .\ugustus. American educator 1827 ....
Aiken, William. American statesman 1806 1SS7
Aikens, James Cox. Canadian statesman 1823 ....
Aikin, -Arthur. Scientific writer 1784 1854
Aikin, Johu. English biographer and writer 1747 1822
Aikin, Miss Lucy. Writer 1781 1864
Alkman, Alexander. Scottish journalist 1755 1838
Aikman, William. Scottish portrait painter 1682 1731
Alllebout, d', Louis. French governor of (ianada . . 1660
Ailly, d', Pierre. French cardinal 13.50 1420
Ailred. Abbot of Revesby. Historical writer.. .. 1109 1166
Aimard, Gustave. French novelist 1818 1883
Aime-Martin, Louis. French writer 1781 1847-
Almoin, of Aquitane. French writer 1008
Ainmiller, Maximilian Emanuel. Germ, painter 1807 1870
Ainslie, Hew. Scottish poet in America 1792 1878
Aina worth, H. Noncont. divine and commenta'r 1622?
Ainsworth, Laban American clergyman 1757 1858
Ainsworth, Rob't. Eng. author of L. dictionary. 1660 1743
Ainsworth, Wm. Harrison. English novelist 1805 1882
Airault, Peter. Advocate of Paris 1536 1601
Alray, Rev. Christopher. Writer on logic 1609? 1670
Airay, Henrv, of Oxford. Calvinistic divine 1560 1616
Airy, George Bidden. English astronomer 1801
Alton, William. Scottish botanist 1731 1793
Aitkin, Rob't. Scottish publisher in America 1734 1802
Aitzema, Leu van. Historian 1600 1669
Ajala, d', Martiu Perez. Abp. of Valencia 1504 1.566
Akakia, Martin. Medical writer at Paris 1539 1588
Akbar. Emperor of Hindostan 1542 1605
Akenside, Mark. English poet 1721 1770
Akerblad, Johan D. Swed. oriental't and antiq'y 1760 1819
Akerman, .^mos Tappan. American lawyer 1819 —
Akerby, Sam'l. American physician and author. 1785 1845
Akers, Benjamin Paul. American sculptor 1825 1861
Akin, T. B. Nova Scotian lawyer and author 1809 —
Akiba-ben-Joseph. Jewish rabbi aud cabalist 135
Alabaster, Win. Lexicon Pentaglotton; Rozana. 1567? 1640
Alacoque, Marguerite Marie. French nun 1647 1690
Aladdin. Sou of Osman I. Organizer janizaries. fl. 1370
Alain, John. Danish writer 1569 1630
Alain, Chartier. Chronicler of Charles VII 1386 1458'
1680
ALAIN DE LILLE — A LEG A lAI BE
BORN DIED
Alain de Lille. French theoiogian liu 1203
Alaman, Lucas. Mexicau statesman 1792 1853
Alamandus, Louis. Freuch cardinal 1390 1450
AlamiuOS, Antonio. Spauish naval officer
Alan. Abbot ol Tewkesbury 1171? 1201
Alan, of Lynn. Theologian 1420
Aland, Sir'John F-ortescue, Baron. Judge 1670 1746
Alareon, de, Heniaudo. .Span, explor. coast Cal. fl. l.>40
Alarcon, de, Pedro Autonio. Spanish author 1833 ...
Alareon y Mendoza, de, Don Juan R. Sp. poet. . 1580? 16.?9
Alard, Francis. Flemish Protestant theologian 1578
Alard, Lambert. Theolosriau and lexicographer. 1602 1672
Alard, Maria Jos. Louis. Freuch physician 1779 1850
Alarlc. L'onc|. of Rome. King of Visigoths 3S'2 410
A Lasco, or Alasco. John. Polish Prot. reformer. 1499 1560
Alava Esquviel, Diego d'. Bishop of Cordova 1562
Alava, d, Miguel Rieardo. .Sp.gen'l and states'n. 1771 1843
Alba. See .\Lv.i.
Alba, Fernando d'. Mex. interpreter and author. 1568 ....
Alban, Saint. First Christian martyr Great Brit 285
Albanese. Italian musician 1729? 1800
Albani, Alex. Cardinal. Historical writer 1692 1779
Albani, Francesco. Italian painter 1578 1660
Albani, John F. Cardinal. Roman statesman . . . 1720 1809
Albani, John Jerome. Cardinal 1504 1591
Albani, Marie Emma Lajeuuesse. Opera singer. . 1851 ....
Albans, St. John of. Eug. phys- and philosopher 1253
Albany, Countess of. Wife of Youug Pretender. . 1753 1824
Albaten, or .\lbategai. Araljiau astronomer 929
Albear, Francisco. Cubau engineer and author. . 1516 ....
Albemarle, .-Vrnold van Keppel Earl of 1669 1718
Albemarle, Duke of (Geo. Monck I. Eng. soldier. 1608 1670
Alber, Erasmus. Ger. Prot. preacher aiid poet 1.553?
AlbergatiCapacelll. d', Francesco. It. dramatist 1728 1804
Alberoni. Giulio. Prime minister of Spain 16M 1752
Albers, Johann Friedrich H. Germ, physician. .. 1805 1867
Albert. Archbishop of Magdeburg 1489 1545
Albert. Archduke of Austria and gov. Xetherl'ds 1.559 1621
Albert. Cardinal, .\rchbishop of Magdeburg 1489 1545
Albert, Charles d'. Duke of Luynes. Cous. of Fr. 1578 1621
Albert, d, Chas., Due de Luynes. Const. France 1578 1621
Albert. Couspirator agaiust Henry VII 1137
Albert, Erasmus. German divine 1551
Albert. F. C. A. E. Consort of Queen Victoria... 1819 1861
Albert. First Duke of Prussia 1490 1.t6»
Albert, John S. .\mericau naval engineer 1835 1880
Albert. King of >axouy 1828 ....
Albert, Krautz. History Saxony and the Vandals 1517
Albert. Margrave of Baireuth.. 1522 1555
Albert Of Aix, or .A.lbertus .Aquensis. Historian.. 1060? 1120
Albert, of .Mecklenburg. King of Sweden 1412
Albert, of stade. Chronicler aft. 1260
Albert, of Strasliurg. Chronicler (1270 to 1378). . . n. Uth c
Albert, Prince Consort of England. . 1819 1861
Albert Edward, Pr. of Wales. Eld. son Q. Vict'a. 1841 ....
Albert Victor. Eldest son of the preceding 1861 1892
Albert. The Great. See Albertus Magnus 1193 1280
Albert I. Emperor. Duke of .\ustria I 1248 1300
Albert I. Marg. Brandeub'g. The Bear and Fair. 1106 1170
AlDertll 1221
Albert II. Duke of Austria V 1398 1439
Albertlt. The Lame and the Wise 1289 1358
Albert III 1348 1395
Albert III. Margrave of Braudenburg 1414 1586
Albertlll. The Achilles and the Ulvsses 1414 1486
AlbertlV. The Patient '. 1377 1401
AlbertV. The Illustrious. Emperor 11 1398 1439
Albert VI. The Prodigal 1418 1463
Albert!, .\ristotle. Italian engineer fl. 16th c
Albert!, Chernbino. Florentine painter 1552 1615
Albert!, Dominic. Venetian musician fl. 18th c
Albert!, Durante. Painter in oil and fresco 1.538 1613
Albert! dl ViUanova, Francis. It. lexicographer 1731 1800?
Albert!, Johannes. Dutch theologian, scholar 1698 1762
Albert!, Job. German orientalist 1559
Albert! John. Painter of perspective, history... 1558 1601
Albert!, John Charles, fresco painter 1680 1740
Albert!, Leauder. Dominican writer 1479 1552?
Albert!, Leon Battista, Italian architect 1404 1472
Albert!, Leon Baptist. Poet, architect, painter. . 1404 1472
Albert!, d", Louis Joseph. Prince of Grimberghen 1672 1758
Albert!, Michael. Medical writer at Hall 1682 1757
Albert!, Salomon. Ger. physician, anatomist 1.540 1600
Albert!, Solomon. Anatomist 1549 1600
Albert!, Sophie, born Moedinger. Germ. auth... 1826 ....
Albertinelll, Mariotto di Bagio. Flor. painter.. 1475? 15207
Albertini, Francis. Florentine Autiq\iary fl. 16th c.
Albertinl, Francis. Calabrian Jesuit '. 1619
Albertini, Paul. Venetian priest and author 14;i)0? 1475
Albertina, von, Johann Baptist. Germ, bishop. . 1769 1831
Albertmus, .Egidius. German satirist. Io60 1620
Albertoni, Pietro. Italian physiologist 1849 . ..
Albertrandy, John Christian. Pol. numismatist 1731 1808
Albertus Magnus. AWrri run SoUstddt. Philos. 1193? 1280
Albertus, H. C. German painter and engraver 1680?
Albezi. Bartholomew. Franciscan monk 1401
Albi, Henry. Jesuit writer 1519 1659
Alb!oin!,Cesare. Count. It. author and jurist 1825 ....
Albicus, Sigismund. Physician, archbishop 1347 1427
BORN DIED.
Albignac, Maurice. French soldier 1775 1824
Albin!, Alexander. Italian painter 1568? 1646
Albini, Franz Joseph. Gierman diplomatist 1748 181S
Alblni, Giuseppe. Italian physiologist 1830
Alblnus, Bernhard Siegfried. Ger. anatomist... 1697? 1770
Albinus, Bernard. Medical writer 1653 1721
Albinus, C. B.. brother. Anatomical writer 1752
Albinus, Decimus Clodius. Rival Sept. Severus 197
Albinus, L. Postumius. Consul: slain bv the Boii B.C. 216
Albis, or White, Thos. Philos'r. Fr'd of Hobbes 1582 1676
Albisson. .iohn. Freuch lawyer and author 1732 1810
Albitte, .\ntoiue Louis. French Jacobin 1812
Albizzi, Bartolommeo. Tuscan writer 1401
Albo, Joseph. Spanish Rabbi 1428
Alboin. King 01 the Lombards 57s
Alboni, ^larietta. Now Countess Fepoli 1824
Albon, d. James. Marquis of Fronsac. Fr. gen'l 1562
Alboresl, Jas. of Bologna. Lauds, and arch, p't'r 1632 1677
Albornoz, de, Gil Alvarez Carillo. .\rchbishop. . 1300 1367
Albornoz, Giles Alv. Carillo. .\bp. of Toledo 1367
Albrecht, Friedrich Rudolph. -A ust. archduke.. 1817
Albrecht, Wilhelm. German agriculturist _ 1786 1848
Albrechtsberger, John Geo. German composer. 1736 1809-
Albret d' , Jeanue. Queen of Kavarre 1628 1572
Albrici, Vincenzo. It. composer and organist fl. 1670
Albright, Jacob, .limerican M. E. clergyman 17.59 1808
Albrizzi, Isabella T . Countess of. It. authoress.. 1770 1836
Albucasis. See .\bi--l-Ka3I.m.
Albumazar. .\rabiau astronomer 80.5? 885
Albuquerque, de, Alfonso. Portu. conq, in India. 1453 1515
Albuquerque Coelho, Edward d'. Soldier 1658
Albuquerque, Matthias. Portuguese general 1616
Alcseus. Greek lyric poet B.C. 620 580
Alcaforads, Mariiiuna. Portuguese nun fl. 1662?
Alcala, c.aliano Dirnisio. Spanish soldier 1762 1805
Alcamenes. Athenian sculptor fl.444B.c.40O
Alcantara, Francisco L. Venezuelan statesman. 18.30 1879
Alcasar. Louis de. Span. Jes. Writ, on apocal'e. 1554 161S
Alcedo, -Antonio. American author
Alclati, .\ndrea. Italian jurist and scholar 1492 155#
Alciati, John Paul. of Milan. Sociuian writer fl. 16th c.
Alcibar, Jose. Mexican artist
Alcibiades. Famous .Athenian b. c 4.50 404
Alcinous. Platonic philosopher fl. 1st or 2d c. a.d.
Alciphon. Greek writer fl. ab. .\.d. 170
Alcman. Lyric poet of Sparta fl. B. c. 670?
Alcocer, V. Mex. philanthropist and education't 1801 1860
Alcock, John, Bp. of Ely : found. Jesus Col. Cam 1500
A'COCk, John. Musical composer 1715 1806
Alcock, Rutherford, Sir. English diplomatist 1809
Alcorn, James Lusk. .American statesman 1816
Alcott, Amos B. .\mer. teacher and philosopher 1799 1888
Alcott, Louisa M. Daughter of -\. B. .Authoress 1832 1888
Alcott, May (Mrs. Ernest Nieriker I. .\mer. artist 1840 1879
Alcott, Wm. Alex. Amer. phys. and educationist 1798 1859
Alcred. Kingot Northumbria (765-774) 740? 789
Alcuin, or Alcwin. English theologian 735 804
Alcyonius. Peter. Italian writer 1487 1527?'
Aldama, Ignacio. Mexican patriot 1811
Aldana, Kamon Mex. dramatist and poet 1832 1882
Alday, John. Translator of Thcalrum Muiuii fl. 16th c.
Aldegrever, or Aldegraef, H. Ger. paint, and eng. 1.502 l558^
Alden. Ebenezer. .\mer. physician and author.. . 1788 1881
Alden, Henry M. .\merican"journal't and author 1836
Alden, Ichabod. .American soldier I7;59 1778
Alden, Isabella, .\uierican authoress 1S41
Alden, James. .American naval officer l.sio 1877
Alden, John. One of the Plymouth pilgrims 1599 1687
Alden, Joseph. American educationist 1807 1885
Alden, Roger. American soldier 1754 1830
Alden, Timothy. Amer. Cong'l cl. and educator. 1771 1839
Alden, Timothy. .American inventor 1819 1858
Alden, W. Livingston. Am. diplomat and author. 1831
Alderete, de Bernnrdo J. Sp. linguist and auth. 1500? 1616
Alderete, Diego Gratian. Spanish writer d. ti. Phil. 11.
Alderoti, Thaddeus. Florentine phvsician .'..1215 1295
Aldhelm, St. Bishop of Sherborne 656 709
Aldini, Giovanni. Italian natural philosopher... 1762 1834
Aldobrandinl,SiIvestro. Italiau jurist 1499 1558
Aldred. .\rchbishop of York 1069
Aldrich, Chas. -Amer. journalist and statesman. 1828
Aldrich, Henrv. Eug. theologian and logician... 1647 1710
Aldrich, James. .^m"er. journalist and poet 1810 1856
Aldrich, -Nelson Wilmarth. American statesman 1841
Aldrich, Robert. Bishop of Carlisle 1556
Aldrich. TIuts. Bailev. .Amer. poet and writer 1836
Aldridge, Ir.i. Anuiicau mulatto actor 1810? 1867
Aldringer, or Altringer, Johann. Aust. fi'd mar 1634
Aldrovandi, or Aldrovandus, r. It. naturalist.. 1522? 1607
Aldrovandini, Pompeo .Agostino. It. painter 1677 1736
Aldrovandinl, Thomas, of Bologna. Painter 1653 1736
Aldus Manutius. See M.inutus.
Aleander, Jerome. Card'l. Opponent of Luther. 14S0 1.542
Aleander, Jerome, nephew. Scholar and antiq'y. 1574 1629
Aleandro, Girolamo. Ital. scholar and professor 1480 1542
Aleandro, Girolamo. The Younfffr. Italian poet. 1574 1629
Aleardi, Aleardo. Count Gaetano. It poet and pat. 1812 1S7&
Alecsandri, Vassili, or Basile. Roumanian poet. 1821
Alegambe, Philip, Jesuit 1592 165a
A L E G R E — A L L E N
1681
BORN DIED
Alegre, d', Yves. Marquis. Marslial of France. .. 1663 1733
Alegre, Francis J. Mexican author 1729 17S8
Aleman, Louis. French cardinal and statesman 1390 1452
Alenian, Miitfo. Svanisli writer fl.iotlic.
Alemand, Lewis Aug., of Grenoble. Adv. and writ 1653 1728
Alemanni, or Alamaani, LuiKi. Italian poet 1495 1556
Alemany, ,los. Sadoc. Span. R. C. archbishop 1814
Alembert, d', Jean le Roud. Fr. mathematician . 1717 1783
Alempanecatl. -Mexican soldier
Alen, or Olen, John van. Dutch painter 16.51 1698
Alenca, d', Jose M. Brazilian anthorand lawyer 1829 1877
Alencastre, N. y Silva F., duke Linares. V'v Mex ....
Alencon, Chas.'deValois. Count of. Fellat'Crecy
Alencon, F. duke Berri and Anjou, Suitor Q. Eliz. 1554
Alencon, John de Val., 1st duke of. Fell Aginc't. 1385
Aleni, Thomas. Italian painter 1500
Alenio, Julius. Jes\iit missionary to China 1582
Aleotti, John Baiitist Italian architect 1546
Aler, Paul. Jesuit 1656
Ales, or Alesius, Alex. Scotch Prot. divine 1500
Alesio, d'. Matt. Peter. Roman painter and eng'r ....
Alesiua, or Alesse. .\lex. Scotch Lnth. divine . . 1500
Alessi, Galeazzo. Italian architect 1500
Alexander, ab .\lexandro. Lawyer 1461
Alexander, .^-braham. American statesman 1718
Alexander, Archer. American freedman 1810
Alexander, Archibald. Anier. divine and author 1772
Alexander Balas. King of Syria ( 1.50-146) b.c.
Alexander, Bniton Stone. American soldier 1819
Alexander, Bencdictus. of Verona. Anatomist... fi.
Alexander. Bishop of Jerusalem (211-261)
Alexander. Bishop of Alexandrine (3r2?-2.5?)
Alexander. Bishop of Lincoln ( 11237-47)
Alexander, Caleb. Amer.Pres. clerg. and author 1775
Alexander, Edmund Brooke. American soldier.. 1802
Alexander. English abbot. Envoy and writer
Alexander, Francis. -American artist 180O.
Alexander, Geo. Scottish statesman in Canada. . 1814
Alexander Jagellon. King of Poland ( 1501-6) 1461
Alexander .iannseus. King of the Jews il04-77). b.c.
Alexander, Jas. Scottish lawyer in America 1690
Alexander, Janu-s Uaddell. -im. div. and auth. 1804
Alexander, John Henry. American scientist. . . . 1812
Alexander, Jos. A., son of A. Araer. theologian.. 1809
Alexander, Jos. A. Amer. linguist and educator. 1809
Alexander tlie Great. King of Macedon b.c. 356
Alexander. King of Jews; son of .Vristobulus II. B.C.
Alexander, Mas-;arias. of Vicenza. Med. writer
Alexander, -N' , of St. Maur. Med. and bot. writer 1654
Alexander, Nathaniel, -imer. phys.and statesm. 1756
Alexander Neckam, or Xequam. Abbot of Exeter
Alexander Nevskol, St. Grand Duke of Russia . 1218? 1263
Alexander, Noel, or Natalis. Dominican ch.hi.st. 1639 1724
Alexander, of Paris. Inv. "Alexandrine" Meas'e fl. 12th c.
Alexander, of Hales. Irrefragable Doctor 1245
Alexander Severus. Roman emperor 222 235
Alexander, Sam'l D. Amer. Pres. clg. and author 1819
Alexander, Stephen. American astronomer 1806 1883
Alexander, T.. earl of Selkirk, .\nthor on Cau'a. 1774 1820
Alexander Trallianus. Greek medical writer . fl. 6thc.
Alexander, \Vm. Cowper. American lawyer 1806 1874
Alexander, \Vm.. Sir. earl of Stirling. Scot, poet 1580? 1640
Alexander, \Vm., Lord Stirling. Maj. -gen. Rev.W. 1726 1783
Alexander I. Pope(lu9-lin) ... 119
Alexander I. King of Scotland (1107-a4) 1124
Alexander I., Pavlovitch. Emperor of Russia. .. 1777 1825
Alexander II. (1061-73.) Antrim tie Badar/e 1073
Alexander II., Nicolaevitch. Emperor of Russia 1818 18S1
Alexander II. (1214-1249) 1198 1249
Alexanderlll. (1159-81) 118I
Alexander III. (1249-85) 1241 1285
Alexander IV. (1254-61.) Raynald. or Roland 1261
UexanderV. (1409-10.) Peter Filargo 1339? 1410
Alexander VI., Rodrigo Lenzuoli Borgia. Pope. 1430 1503
Alexander VII. (15.55-67. 1 1599 1667
Alexander VIII. (I6.s9-91.) Peter Ottobou 1610 1691
Alexandrini de Neustain, Julius. Med, writer.. 1506 1590
Alexis. Piedmontese traveler 1465';
Alexis del Arco. Spanish portrait painter 1625 1700
Alexis I. Emperor of the East 1048? 1118
Alexis, Michaelovitch. Czar Russ. Fath. Pet. Gr 1629 1676
Alexis, Paul. French writer 1847
Alexis, Petrovitch. Son of Peter the Great 1690
Alexius I. Emperor 1048
Alexius II. Eastern emperor (1180-83) 1167
Alexius III., Angelus Commenus. (1195-1203.) ... aft.
Alexius IV., Angelus 1190? 1204
Alexius v., Ducas. (1204) 1204
Aleyn, Charles. English historical po.-t 1640
Alfani, Orazio di Paris. Italian painter 1510? 1683
Alfarabius. Latin name of .\rabian philosopher. ... 950
Alfaroy Gamon, John de. SiiaTiish painter 1640 16S0
Aliieri, Carlo. Marc^uis de.Magliano. It. states'n 1S27
Alfieri, Victor. Italian poet.. . 1749
Alfieri, Vittorio, Count. Italian poet 1749
Alfonso I. Founder of the Portuguese monarchy. 1094
Alfonsol., of Castile. The Brave ". lu:M
Alfonso VIII., of Castile. The Noble 1155
Alfonso X. The Wise. King of Leon and Castile 1226
1346
1584
1415
1560
1649
1636
1727
1565
1000
1365
1572
1523
1786
1879
1851
146
1878
1503
251
326
1147
1828
1888
1217?
1506
77
1756
1859
1867
i860
1860
323
49
1598
1728
1808
1227
1718
1118
1183
1210
1803
1803
1185
1109
1214
1281
Alford, Henry. Dean Alford. Eng. poet and div
Alford, Michael. Jesuit mission'y in England
Alfragan. .Vrabian astronomer
Alfrago, .indrew. Italian jihysician
Alfred the Great. King of the West Saxons
Alfred. Bishop of Crediton. Writer
Alfred. King of Northumbria (686-705)
Alfred, or Alitred, of Beverley. Historian. . .
Alfred, or Alured. An,/, lU'nsnud The Philosopher.
Alfrlc. Abp. of Cant. (994-1006)
Alfrlc. Abp. of York (1023-51). Writer ■
Algardi, Alessandro. It. sculptor and architect.
Algarotti, Francesco, Count. Ital. philosopher. .
Alger, Cyrus, .\merican inventor
Alger, Horatio, Jr. American author
Alger, R. A. Am. lawyer, soldier, and statesman
Alger, Wm. R. American clergyman and author
Alghalib-BUlah. First Moorish king Grenada
Alghazzal. Arabian philosopher
Alghisi, Francesco. Italian musical composer.
Alghisi, Thomas. Italian lithotomist
Alhakem II. Sultan and caliph of Cordova . .
Alhakem-Ibn-Atta. Al'}i„i;,i,na. Arab, prophet
Alhazan. Arab, philosoi'her and mathematician
Alhazel, or Alhazen. Arab, asfronomer and opt.
All. Son-in-law Mahomet. 4th caliph (1655-61). . .
Ali-bassa. Ottoman general
Alibaud, L. Fr. fan. who attempt, life L . Phll'pe
All Beg, or Beigh. Dragoman end transl'r Bible.
Alibert, Jean Louis. French physician
All-Bey, or Ali-Beg. Mameluke chief
Ali-Bey. See B.\dia. Sj^an. trav. and projector. .
Alibrandl, Girolamo. Sicilian painter
Aligbieri. See Daxie.
Ali-Ibn-Abu-Tallb. Son-in-law Moham, 4th cal.
All Pasha. Abanian. Pasha of Janina
Alison, Archi., Sir. Scottish.historian and essay't
Alison, .Archibald, Rev. Scotch div. and author.
Alison, Wm. P. Broth. Sir Arch. Scot. physioI . .
All-Weli-Zade. See Ali Pasha.
Al Kader Billah. Caliph of Bagdad
Alkmer, van, Hinrik. German poet
AUacci, or Allatius, Leone. Lib. of Vatican
AUainval, d', L. Jean-Christ. S. Fr. dram, poet .
AUals, PauL French engraver
AUamand, Jean Nicolas S. French naturalist
Allan, David. Scotch historical painter
Allan, George Wm. Canadian statesman
Allan, George. Antiquary
Allan, John, -\merican Revolutionary patriot...
Allan, John. Scottish antiquarian in America ..
Allan, Sir Hugh. Scottish ship-owner in Canada
Allan, Thomas. Mathematician and antiquary. . .
Allan, William, Sir. Scotch historical painter
Allard, Jean Francois. French general
Allard, Guy. French writer
Allard, John Francis. French genera!
Allard, d', P. G. Leroi, Baron. Fr. political econ.
Allardice, Roht. Barclay. Scottish pedestrian...
AUart, Mary Gay. French aiithoress
Allatius, or Allacei, Leo. Writer at Rome
Allegrain, Christopher Gab. B'rench sculptor...
Allegri, Antonio. Italian painter
Allegri, Alexander. Italian poet.
Allegri, Gregorio. Italian musician, composer. .
Allegri. See CoRREGGio. DA.
AUein, Jos. Life by Stanford : Baxter
Alleln, Richard. Ejected Nonconformist divine.
Allein, Wm., son. Ejected Nonconformist
Alleine, Joseph. English divine
Allemand, Louis Hector. Fr. landscape painter.
Allemand, Zachary Jas. Thos. Fr. vice-admiral..
Allen, Alex. V. G. Amer. clergyman and author.
Allen, Andrew. American lawyer
Allen, Benj. Amer. P. E. clergyman and author. .
Allen, Charles. American jurist
Allen, Chas. Grant. English naturalist
Allen, Col. Ethan. -\mer. officer in Rev. war. ....
Allen, David 01. Amer. mission'y and author. . . .
Allen, Ebenezer. American soldier
Allen, Elisha H. Amer. lawyer, states'n and dip't
Allen, Elizabeth Akers. American atithoress. ..
Allen, George. Amer. lawyer, educa'r and author
Allen, Harrison. Amer. physician and educator.
Allen, Heman. -\mer. statesman and diplomat..
Allen, Henry. American founder of a sect
Allen, Henry Watk. -\mer. lawyer and soldier. . .
Allen, Ira. Bro. of Ethan. One founds. Vermont
Allen, Isaac. Canadian jurist and soldier.
Allen, James. American clergyman
Allen, Joel A. Amer. naturalist and author
Allen, John, .\merican soldier
Allen, John, .^rchb'p of Dublin. Canonist
Allen, John, M. D
Allen, John. Dissenting theologian
Allen, Johu. M. D. Historical writer
Allen, Jos. Amer. Cong, clergyman and author. .
Allen, Jos. Amer. merchant and statesman
Allen, Jos. Henry. American author
BORN
. 1810
1587
DIED
1871
1652
.... 820
.... 1520
8497 901
fl. 10th c.
.... 705
.... 1125
.... 1270
.... 1006
1051
1654
1704
1856
1602
1712
1781
1834
1836
1823
1195 1273
1058 nil
1666 1733
1669 1713
913 976
.... 780?
.... 1038
.... 1038
602? 661
1594? 1663
1810 1836
. .. 1675
1766 1837
1728 1773
1766 1818
1470 1524
602? 661
1741 1820
1792 1867
1757 1839
1790 1859
947? 1031J
fi. 1498
1586 1669
1700? 1753
1837
1713
1744
1822
1787
179&
1800
180&
1863
1882
1632
1850
1839
1716
1839?
1809
1654
1821
1669
1795
1534
1746
1777
1810
1542
1782
1785
1645
1785
1749
1779
1750
1586
1711
1494
fi. Will c
1580? 1652
1633 1668
1611 1681
1623 1677
1634 1668
1809 ....
1762 182&
1841 ....
1740 1825.
1789 1829-
1797 1809
1848 ....
1737 1789
1800 1863
1743 1806
1804 1883
1832 ....
1808 1876.
1841 ....
1779 1862
1748 1784
1820 1866.
1751 1814
1741 1806
1692 1747
1838 ....
1772 1813
1476? 1534
.... 1741
1771 1839
1771 1843
1790 1873
1749 1827
1820 ....
1682
A L L E N — A M E S
BORN DIED
Allen, Moses. Am. P. E. clergyman 1748 1779
Allen, Xatban. American physician and author. 1813 —
Allen, tiscar Dana. Am. scientist and educator. . 1836 ...
Allen, Paul. American editor 1775 1826
Allen, Philip. Am. manufacturer and statesman. 1786 1865
Allen, Richard. American A. M. E. bishop 176U 18.31
Allen, Richard. Theologian 1717
Allen, Richard L. Am. agriculturist and author 1803 1869
Allen, Robert. Am. soldier aud congressman 1777 1844
Allen, Robert. American soldier 1815 1886
Allen, Samuel. English jiatentee in America — 16.% 1700
Allen, Solomon. American soldier and preacher 1751 1821
Allen, Thomas. Sir. Admiral fl 1648-78
Allen, or Allan, Thomas. Mathem. and antiq. 1.542 1632
Allen, Thos. Fellow of Eton ; theological critic. 1672 1639
Allen, Thomas. Theologian 1682 17.5o
Allen, Thomas. Antiquary 1803 18o8
Allen, Thomas. American clergyman 1743 1810
Allen, Timothy Field. American physician 1837 —
Allen, Alan, or Alleyn, \Villiam. Eng. cardinal 1532 1594
Allen, William. American jurist 1710 1780
Allen William. American lawer aud statesman 1806 1879
Allen, William. Chem. Phil, and Philanthropist 4770 1843
Allen, William. Amer. biog. and misc. writer — 1784 1868
Allen, Wm. Francis. Am. «ducator and author. . 1830 —
Allen, William Henry. Americau educator 1808 1882
Allen] William Heurv. American naval officer. . 1784 1813
Allen! William Howard. Amer. naval officer — 1790 1822
Allen, Zachariab. American Inventor and author 1795 1882
AUende, Igaucio. Mexican patriot 1779 1811
Allent, Peter Alexander Joseph. French general 1772 1837
AUerstain, Aug. Ger. Jesuit miss, to China — 1700? 1777
Allerton, Isaac. Plvmouth pilgrim 158.S? 1659
Allestry, or Allestree, Rd. Eoya'l sol. and divine 1619 1681
Allestry, Jacob, English poet, ■■_-^^ 1686
Alletz, Pierre Edouard. French writer 1/98 1850
AUetz, Peter Edw. French writer 1798 ISoO
Alletz, Pons Augustin. French writer 1703: 1785
Alley, Wm. Bp.of Exeter.; div. and transl.of Bible . .. 15/0
AUeyn Edw. English actor and philanthropist. 1566 1626
Allibone, Samuel Austin. American writer 1816 1889
AUier, Achille. French engineer and antiquary. 1807? 1836
Allin 'john, English clergvmau in America 1596 1671
Allingham, Helen P. Eug. water-color painter. 1848 ....
Alllnghain, William. Irish poet 1828 —
Allloni, Carlo. Italian physician and botanist. 1725 1804
Allison, Burgess. Am. Bap. clergy., edu'rand iu'v 1753 18'27
Allison, William B. Amer. lawyer and statesman. 1829 . .
Allix, Pierre. French protestant theologian . .. 1641 1717
Allonge, Auguste. French landscape painter. .. 1833 .. .
Allori, Alessandro. Italian painter 15:» 1607
AUori Cristofano. San of Alessandro. Ital. ptr. 1577 1621
AUou, Edouard. French lawyer 1820 1889
Allouez, Clande Jean. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Amer. 1620 1690
Allston, Washington. American painter 1779 1843
Allston, Rob't Francis W. Am. agr. and states'n 1801 1864
Allston, William. American soldier and senator. 1757 18:19
Almagro, de, Diego. Comp. of Pizarro in Peru.. 1463? 1538
Almagro, Diego, Jr. Spanish governor of Peru.. 1520 1542
Almaguera, Frav Juan de. Span. R. C. archb'p — 1605 1676
Al-Mamun or Al-Mamoun, A. A. Cal. of Bagdad 786 833
Al-Mansur or AlMansour, or Amir-Mohammed. 939 1002
Al-Mausur or Al-Mansour, AbiljSfar Abdallah. . . 712? 775
Alma-Tadema,Lourenz, Bel. painter in Eug 1836
Almeida, Francis. First Port, viceroy in ludia lolO
Almeida, Lawrence, son. Navigator 1508
Almeida, de, A. Port, missionary to Ethiopia — 1587 1638
Almeida, de, Brites. Portuguese Joan of Arc... fl. 1386
Almeida, de, Manuel. Port, missionary to Indies. 1580 1646
Almeida, de, N. T. Portuguese satirical poet 1745 1811
Almeida— Garrett, J. B. L, de. Portuguese poet. 1799 law
Almeloveen, T. J. van. Medical writer 1657 1712
Almendingen, Ludwig H. von. German jurist. . . 1766 1827
Almeras, Louis. French general 1768 1828
Almici, t amiUo. Italian writer 1714 1779
Almodovar, Don 1. D. de R. Span, diplomatist 1794
Almoliades. A Mohammedan dynasty (1145-1269).
Almon.Johu. English jourualist 1737 1805
Almonde, van. Philippus. Putcli admiral 1646 1711
Almonte, Juan N. Mex. L-cneral and statesman.. 1804 1869
Almoravldes. A Moslem dyuasty (I04r.'-n4.5).. .
Almquist, Karl J. L. Swedish poet, novelist l/9i> 1866
Almy, Johni. American naval ofHcer 1814
Almy, Wm. Am. philanthropist and educator... 1761 1836
Alnwick. Wm. of, Bishop of Norwich and Lincoln 1449
Alofsen, Solomou. Dutch writer in America 1808 1876
Alompra. F. of the pres. dynasty of Burmah. . 1710? 1760
Alp-Arslan. Seljukian sultan of Persia 1030? 1072
Alphand, Jean Charles A. French engineer 1817 —
Alphonso. See Alfonso
Alphonso I. Kiug of Asturias. The Catholic 693 o/
Alphonso I. of Naples 1 1416-58) ; V. of Aragon 1S85 14.58
Alphonso I. of Aragou. (1104— 34); The Battler 1134
AlpHonsOlI. (1212-2;5.1; TheFat 1185 1223
Alphonso II. of Aragon (1162-96) llo2 1196
Alphonso II. of Naples ( 1494-95) 1448 1495
Alphonso II. of Astur. and Leon. The Chaste /o8 842
Alphonso III. of Aragou ( 1289-91 ) . . . .... ......... 12(55 1291
Alphonso III. of Astur. and Leon. The Great.... 84? 912
BORN DIED
Alphonso IV. (1324— 57.) ; The Brave 1290 1357
Alphonso IV. of Aragon (1327-86) 1299 1336
Alphonso IV. of Leon. The Monk 9,32
Alphonso V. of Aragon (1416— 58); I. of Naples.... 1385 1458
Alphonso V. of Leon (999— 1028.) 994 1028
Alphonso V. ( 14:«— 81.) ; The African 14:52 1481
Alphonso VI. ( 1656-83. 1 1443 14S3
Alphonso VI. of Leon ; 1. of Castile. The Brave. . . 1030 1109
Alphonso VII. (or VIII. 1; of Leon. II. of Castile. . 1106 1157
Alphonso VIII. (or IX.); of Leon. Ill of Castile... 1155 1214
Alphonso XI. of Leon. V. of Castile 1310 1350
Alpin. Pros).ero. Ital. botan. and physician 1553? 1617
Alpuche, E. Infante, J. M. Mexican patriot 1780 —
Alpuche. Wiuceslas. Mexican pret 1804 1841
Alqui^ de Rieupeyroux. French authoress 1848 —
Alquler, Charles J. M. French diplomatist 1752 1826
Alricks, Hermanns. Am. lawyer, statistician. .. . 1804 1874
Alsina, Adolfo. Argentine statesman 1829 —
Alsop, Anthony. Poet and miscellaneous writer 1727
Alsop, George." English author in America 1638
Alsop, J. Am. member of continental congress 1794
Alsop, John. Am. lawyer and poet 1776 1841
Alsop, Richard. American poet and journalist. . 1761 1815
Alsop, Vincent. Ejected Nonconformist 1703
Alsted, John H. Ger. Protestant div. and phil... 1588 1638
Alston, Chas., M. D. Scot. writ, on bot. and med. . 1683 1760
Alston, Willis. American Statesman
Alston, Willis. Jr. American Statesman 1837
Alstrbmer or Alstroemer, J. Swed. benefactor.. 1685 1761
Altaroche, Marie Michel. French writer 1811 1884
Altdorfer, Albrecht. German painter, engraver. . . 1480 15:58
Alten, Chas. Augustus Count. Hanoverian gen. 1764 1840
Alten, von, Karl A., Graf. Hanoverian general. . 1764 1840
Altenstein, von, K. S. Baron. Prus. statesman . 1770 1840
Alter, Francis Chas. German Jesuit and critic... 1749 1804
Althamerus, Andr. of Nuremberg. Reform. Switz. 1498 1540?
Altham, John. Jesuit missionary in America 1641
Althammer, or Althamer, A. Germ, divine 1498 1564
Althen, Ehan. Per. introducer of madder plant. 1711 1774
Althorp, J.C. Vise, and Earl Spencer 1782 1845
Althorp, Jno. Chas. Visct. Earl Spencer. Statesm. 1782 1845
Althusen, John. German civilian 1557 1638
Altlmirano, Ignacio M. Mex. L. and statesman
Alting, Jacob. German theologian and Hebraist. 1618 1676
Altissimo. Italian poet fl 1514
Altmeyer, Jean Jaques. D. C.L. Belgian historian. 1804 1877
Alva or Alba, Fer. Al. Sp. general in Netherlands. 1608 1582
Alvarado, Juan Bautista. Gov. of California
Alvarado, de, Alonzo. Sp. conqueror in Mexico 1553
Alvarado, de, Pedro. Sp. officer, comp. of Cortez 1541
Alvarado, de, Peter. Sp. adv't. Comp of Cortez — 1541
Alvarenga, Manoel Ignacio da Silva. Brazl'poet
Alvarez, d Hernando Sp. adv't and philanthro't 1514 1584
Alvarez, Diego. Sp. Dominican. Polemical divine — 1635
Alvarez, d' Diego. Mexican priest and scholar — 1750 1824
Alvarez, Francisco. Port, pr.; writer on Abyssina. aft. 1540
Alvarez, Juan. Mexican general and prerfdent. 1790 1870
Alvarez, Manuel. El Griego. Spanish sculptor 1727 1797
Alvaro, or Alho, Francisco. Spanish sailor
Alvarolto, James of Padua. (In l.ihros Frudnrum) 1385 1453
Alvay Astorga, Pet. d'. Sp. Franciscan. Traveler 1667
Alvensleben, Philip Chas. Count. Diplom. hist. 1745 1802
Alviano, Bartolomnieo. Venetian geueral 1455 1515
Alvinczy, von, Joseph. Baron. Austrian general. 17.35 1810
Alvisi, Giuseppe. Italian statesman 1825 . . .
Alvord, Benjamin. American soldier 1813 1884
Alvord.Corydon A. American printer 1812 1874
Alvord, Henry Elijah. Am. soldier and educator. 1844 —
Alvord, Thomas Gold. American statesman 1810 —
Alxinger, Johanu Baptist. German poet 17.55 1797
Alzate, Y. Ramirez Jose Antonio. Mex. scientist. 1729 1790
Alzog, Johanu Baptist. Ger. Catholic church his. 1808 1878
Amadeo, or Amadei, Giovanni A. It. sculptor... 1400? 1474?
Amadeus, Ferd. M., duke of Aosta. King of Sp.. 1845 1890
Amalie, or Amelia, Anua. DuchessSaxe-Weimar 1739 1807
Amalteo, Girolamo. Ital. physician and poet.. .. 1506 1574
Amar, Jean Pierre A. French demagogue 1750 1816
Amari, Michele. Ital. historian and politician... 1806 1889
Amasis. King of Egypt Jl^f •'',??5
Amati, Girolamo. Italian antiquary 1768 l»*i
Amato, J. Rodriguez. Port, physician and anato t 1511 1568
Amato, d', Giovanni Anton. Neapolitan painter. 147o 1555
Amaury , or Amalric I. King of Jerusalem 1136? 1173
Amaury-Duval, Eugene Em. French painter. ... 1808 1885
Amhoise d',Geo. Fr. cardinal and prime miuist. ]4fiO 1510
Ambrose St Bishop of Milan. Latin father. .. . 340? :197
Ameilhon, Hubert Pascal. French antiquary 1730 1811
Amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham N. Fr. writer. 16:« 1706
Amelunghi, Girolamo. It. burlesque poet 164/-;
Amerbach, Bonifacius. German scholar 149o 1562
Amerigo. See Vespucci.
Amerling, Friedrich. Austrian painter 1803 1887
Am6ro, Constant. French novelist. 1832 ....
Amersfoordt, Jacob. Dutch orientalist 1786 1825
Ames, Adelbert. American soldier 1835 .^..
Ames, Edw. Raymond. Amer. M. E. bishop 1806 1879
Ames, Fisher. American orator and statesman.. 1758 1808
Ames, Joseph. American artist 1816 1872
Ames Mary Clemmer. Mrs. Hudson. Amer. auth. 1839 1884
A M E S — A N T O N I 0
1683
BORN DIED
Ames, Nathan P. American manufacturer 1m)o 1847
Ames, Nathaniel. Amer. i)hysician nud astron'r. 1106 17tH
Ames, Oakes. Amer. manufacturer and statesm. 1814 1873
Ames, Oliver. American manufacturer 1807 1877
Ames, Samuel. American jurist and statesman. . 1806 IStJS
Amherst, J. H. Eug. actor and dramatist in Am. 1776 ISol
Amherst, Jeffrey, Baron. British field marshal.. . 1717 1797
Ami, Ilenrv M. Canadian scientist 1858
Amici, GioV. Bat. It. optician and astronomer. . . 1786 1863
Amicis, de, Edraondo. It. traveler and writer . . . 1846
Amidas, Philip. English navigator 1550 1618
Amiel, Henri FrOdcric. Swiss poet 1821 1881
Am,igoni, -lacopo. Venetian historical painter... 1675 1752
Amiot, or Amyot, Jos. Marie. Fr. Jesuit miss'y. . 1718 1794
Amling, Karl Gustav. Germ, designer and eug'r. 1651 1703
Amman, Jost, of Zurich. Swiss eng'r and painter 1539 1591
Aminanati, B. Florentine architect and sculp'r. 1511 1592
Amnien, Daniel. American rear admiral 1820
Ammen, Jacob. American soldier and educator, 1808
Ammianus, Marcelliuus. Roman historian 395
Ammirato, Scipione. Italian historian 1.531 1601
Ammoilj von, Christoph F. Ger. prot. theolog.. . 1766 1849
Ammonius, Lithotomus. Alexandrian surgeon, fl. e.c. 3d c
Amoutons, Guillaume. Fr. math, and inventor. . 1663 1705
Amoretti, Carlo. It. naturalist and geographer.. 1741 1816
Amory, Robert. Amer. physician and educator.. 1842
Amory, Thos. Coffin. Amer. lawyer and author.. 1810
Amory, Thomas J.C.American soldier 1830 1864
Ampere, Andru Marie. Fr. electrician 1775 1836
Ampere, Jean Jacques. French literary critic... 1806 1864
Ampthill, O. W. L. R.. Baron. Eng. diplomatist. . . 1829 1884
Ampudia, Pedro de. Mexican general fl. 1840
Amsdorf, von, N. German Lutheran reformer 1483 1561
Amurath, or Murad IV. Thf Turkisfi yero l6io 1640
Amyot, J. French savant, bishop of Auxerre 1513 1593
Amyraut, Moses. Fr. Protestant theologian 1596 1664.
Anacaona. "Golden Flower." Indian queen
Anacreon. Greek lyric poet b. c. 563? 478
Anasco, de, Juan. Companion of De Soto fl. 1540
Anaxagoras. Greek philosopher b. c. 500 420
Anasimander. Greek philosopher b. c. 610 547
Anaya, Pedro Maria. Mexican soldier
Ancelot, J. A. F. P. French dramatic writer 1794 1854
Anchieta, de, Jose. Portuguese missionary 1533 1597
Anchutz, K. Ger. director and composer.' 1813 1870
Ancillon, J.P. F. Prussian historian 1767 1837
Ancona. d' AUessandro. Italian author 1835 ....
Ancre, a', Concino de Concini. Marshal of France 1617
Andagoya, de, Pascual. Spanish traveler 1548
Anders, John Daniel. Ger. Moravian bishop 1771 1847
Andersen, C. C. Danish poet and archeologist... 1826 ...
Andersen, Hans C. Dan. novelist, story-writer.. 1805 1875
Anderson, Alex. A.m. jurist and statesman 1794 1869
Anderson, Alex. First wood engraver in Am 1775 1870
Anderson, Galusha. Am. Baptist clergyman 1832 ....
Anderson, George B. American soldier 1831 1862
Anderson, Henry J. American scientist 1799 1875
Anderson, H. T. Am. Campbellite clergyman 1811 1872
Anderson, Isaac. Am. Pres. clergyman 1780 1857
Anderson, Jas. Pattou. American soldier 1820 1873
Anderson, Johann. German publicist 1674 1743
Anderson, John H. Scottish magician in Amer. . 1810 ...
Anderson, John J. Am. educator and author 1821 ...
Anderson, Joseph. Am. jurist and statesman.. . . 1757 1837
Anderson, Larz. Am. capitalist and philanth't.. 1803 1878
Anderson, Mary. American actress 1859 . - .
Anderson, Martin B. Am. educator and orator. . 1815 1890
Anderson, Orphelia Brown. American actress.. . 1813 1852
Anderson, Richard Clough. American soldier. . . 1750 1826
Anderson, Rasmus B. Am. educator and author. 1846 .,--
Anderson, Rich. Clough. Am. lawyer anddiplo't 1788 1826
Anderson, Richard Herron. American soldier. , . 1821 1879
Anderson, Robt. Am. general. Def. Ft. Sumter.. 1805 1871
Anderson, Robert Houston. American soldier. . . 1835 ....
Anderson, Rufus. American author 1796 1880
Anderson, William. American soldier 1763 1829
Andersson, Karl Johau. Swedish explorer 1827 1867
Andersson, Lars. Swedish reformer 1489 1552
Andersson. Nils Johann. Swedish botanist 1821 1880
Andrada, de, Anlo. Portug. Jesuit missionary... 1580 1633
Andrada e Sylva, d', B. J. Statesman of Brazil, 1765 1838
AndraB, Carl C. G. Dan. statesman and malh'n., . 1812
Andral, *;abriel. French jthysician and writer.. . 1797 1853
Andrassy, Gyula, Count. Hungarian statesman . 1823 1890
Andre, Joan, Major. English spy 1751 1780
Andrese, Jacob. German Lutheran theologian. . . 1528 1590
Andreani, Andrea. Italian engraver 1540 1623
Andree, Karl T. Germ, journalist and geographer 1808 1875
Andree, Richard, German author 1835 ...
Andreini, Giov. Battista. It. poet and dramatist . 1568? 1(^52
Andreossi, d", Antoine F.. Count. Fr. officer 1761 1828
Andres, Juan. Spanish Jesuit writer 1740 1817
Andrew, James Osgood. American M. E. bishop. 1794 1871
Andrew, John Albion. Am. statesman 1818 1867
Andrews. Annie M. American nurse. 1835 —
Andrews, C. C. American lawyer and diplomat. 1829 —
Andrews, Ebenezer B. Am. Con. clergyman 1821 1880
Andrews, Edward Gayer. American m! E. bishop 1825
Andrews, Edm'd. Am', surgeon, inv. aud educat'r 1824 ....
BORN DIED
Andrews, Elisha. Am. Bapt. clergy'n and author 1768 1840
Andrews, Ethan Allen. American philologist.. . . 1787 1858
Andrews, George L. Am. soldier and educator.. 1828
Andrews, John. Am. clergyman and educator... 1746 1813
Andrews, Joseph. American engraver 1806 1873
Andrews, Loren. American educator 1819 1861
Andrews. Lorrin. American missionary 1795 1868
Andrews, Sam. J. American clergyman 1817
Andrews, Sherlock J. American jxirist . 1801 1880
Andrews, S. P. Authorand anti-slavery leader.. 1812 1886
Andrews, Timothy P. Irish soldier , 1794 1868
Andrews, \Vm. D. American inventor 1818
Andrieux, F. G. J. S. French author.. 1759 1833
Andrieux, Louis. French lawver and statesman. 1840
Andronicus I. Commenus. 'Emperor ot the East.. 1110? 1185
Andres, E., Sir. Eng. colonial governor in Am 1637 1714
Andros, R. S. S. American author 1868
Andros, Thomas. American clergyman 1759 1845
Androuet du Cerceau, J. French architect 1515 1584
Anel, I>oiiiiuique. Fr. oculist and surgeon 1678 1728
Angel, Benjamin F. American diplomatist 1815
Angell, Filippo. Italian landscape painter 1600 1646?
AngeliCO, Fra Giovanni. Gui(1o<li Pittro painter. 1387 1455
Angelio da Barga, Pietro. Italian poet 1517 1596
Angell, Henry C. American oculist and writer.. 1829
Angell, Israel. American soldier 1741 1832
Angell, James B. Am. educator and diplomat. . . 1829
Angell. Joseph Kinnicun American legist 1794 1857
Angelucci, Angelo. Italian author 1820
Angely, Louis. German dramatist 1788? 1835
Angers, Real. Canadian author 1823 1860
Anghiera, de, P.M. Pttrr Marti/r. It. statesman. 1455 1526
Angiulli, Andrea. Italian philosopher 1837 ...
Anglesey, H. ^V. p. Marquis. Brit, field marshal. . 1768 1854
Anglin, Timothy \V. Canadian statesman 1822 .. .
Angouleme, d' LquIs Antoine de Bourbon, Due. 1775 1844
Angouleme, d' Marie ThL^rese C. Duchess 1778 1851
Angstrom, Anders Jonas. Swedish physicist 1814 1874
Angulo, Pedro de. Spanish missionary". 1500 1562
Angus, Caleb. Agric. and writer on free trade 1782 I860
Angus, Joseph. Eng. Bapt. clergyman in Am 1816
Angus, Samuel. Am. naval oflicer 1784 1840
Angulo, y Heredia A. Cuban lawyer, author 1837 ....
Anhalt-Bernburg, Christian I. Ger. statesman. . . 1568 1630
Anicet-Bourgeois, Auguste. Fr. dram, author. . . 1806 1871
Anjou, Dnke or Count of. Noble house of Fr
Anlaby, Wm. Rom. Cath. missionary : martyred 1597
Anna Comnena, Princess, Byzantine historian. . . 1083 1148
Annand, William. Nova Scotian statesman 1808
Anne Boleyn. See Boleyn, Anne.
Anne, Louis Fran.Theo. Fr. sold'r, polit.novelist. 1797 1869
Anne, Queen of England 1665 1714
Annesley, Arthur. English statesman 1614 1686
Annesley, Alexander. Leg. and political writer 1813
Anquetil-Duperron, A. H. French orientalist. . . 1731 1805
Ansaldi, C. I. Ital. theologian and antiquary — 1710 1779
Anscarius, Thr Apostle of the North 801? 864
Anschutz, Karl, German musical composer 1813 1870
Anselm, or Anselmo, Saint. Archb'p Canterbury. 1033? 1109
Anselme, Antoine. Fr. preacher and poet 1652 1737
Anselme,or Ansel, of Laon. Theologian 1050? lll7
Anselme, J. B. M. d'. French soldier 1740 1814
Anselmo, Saint. Bishop of Lucca 1036? 1086
Anson, George. Lord. English navigator 1697 1762
Ansorge, C. Ger. musician and educator 1817 1866
Anspach, F. R. Lutheran clergyman and writer. 1815 1867
Ansted, David T. English geologist 1814 1880
Anster, John. Irish poet 1793 1867
Anstruther, J. Sir. chief justice of Bengal 1753 1811
Antar, or Antarah. Arabian chief and poet fl. 500?
Antis, Philip F. American patriot 1730 1801
Antis, Henry. Ger, colonist in America 1701 1755
Anthon, C. E. Am. educator and numismatist.. . 1822 1883
Anthon, George -C. American educator 1820 1877
Anthon, John. Am. jurist and legal writer 1784 1863
Anthon, W. A. Am. lawyer and statesman 1827 1875
Anthon, Chas. American classical scholar 1797 1867
Anthony, Andrew Varick Stout. American artist. 1835
Anthony, Henry Boweu. American statesman. 1815 1884
Anthony, John'Gould. Am. naturalist, author. 1804 1877
Anthony, Saint. Egypt, founder of monachism.. 251 356?
Anthony, Saint, of Padua. Franciscan monk 1195 1231
Anthony, Susan Brownell. Woman' suff. advocate. 1820
Anthony, Susanna. American author 1726 1791
Anthony, \Vm. A. Am. educator and inventor. 1835
Antigonus. Cuclops. Gen. of Alex, the Gt..E.c. 382 301
Antiochus. Kpiphanes. King of Syria B.C. 200? 164?
Antiochus. TheGreat. King of Syria B.C. 237 187
Antipater. Regent of Macedonia b. c 319
Antiphon. Athenian orator B.C. 480 411
Antisthenes. Greek cynic philosoi>her fl B.C. 400?
Antoine, Jacques Denis'. French artist 1733 1801
Antona-Traversi, Camillo. Italian author 1857 —
Antonelli, Giacomo. Italian cardinal 1806 1876
Antonelli, Juan. Italian engineer 1616
Antonello da Messina, Antonio. Italian painter. 1444? 1493?
Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, Rom, emp,; philos 121 180
Antoninus Pius. Roman emperor 86 161
Antonio, Nicoiao. Sp. bibliographer and critic. 1617 1684
1684
ANTONIO DE S E D I L L A — A R N 0 T
BORN DIED
i\ntonio de Sedilla. Sp. priest lu Xew Orleans 1730? 1829
Antonius, Marcus. Mark Antoiiii. Rom. gen. B.C. 83 30
Anville, a', Jean Bapt. Bourguignon. Fr. geog 1697 1782
Anwari. Persian lyric poet 1200?
Anzengruber, Ludwig. Austrian dramatist 1839 , .
Anzratigur, Jose Antonio Venezuelan soldier 1789 1819
Apacsai-Tsere or Apatzai, Jan. Hung, scholar. Iii2l 1659
Apelles, Famous Greek ]>ainter fl b. c. 330
Apes, Wm. Indian itreacber and author 1800 ....
Apian, Pet. Ger. mathematician and astronomer. 1495 1552
Apicius, Marcus Gabius. Roman epicure 14 37
Apodaca, Juan Ruiz. .Spanish naval officer 1770 1835
Apollinaris Sidonlus, Cains SoUais. St. Poet. 431? 489
Apollinaris. Thr Vumuicr. Bishop of Laodicea. fi 362
Apollodorus. Tlir shailoirrr, Athenian painter. B. c. 440
Apollonius TyansBUS. Pythagorean philosopher fl 1st c.
Appel, Theodore. Am. Reform, clergym. and edu. 1823 ...
Appiani, Andrea. Italian painter 1754 1817
Apple, Thos. Gil. American Dutch R. clergyman. 1829 ....
Applegath, Aug. Eng. inv'r vertical ptg. press. 1788 1871
Appleton, Chas. Ed^v. Birchall. Eng. journalist. 1841 1879
Appleton, Dan'l. Founder of pul>lishing house, 1785 1849
Appleton, Daniel .Sydney. American publisher. 1824 1890
Appleton, George S. American pul)lisher 1821 1878
Appleton, Jas. Am. soldier and temp, reformer. 1786 1862
Appleton, Jesse. Am. Gongreg. clergym. .educat'r. 1772 1819
Appleton, Jno. American lawyer and diplomat. 1815 1864
Appleton, John H. Am. chemist and author 1844 ...
Appleton, John Jas. American dijilomat 1789 1864
Appleton, Nathan. Am. merch't and statesman. 1779 1861
Appleton, Nathaniel. Am. Con.greg'l clergyman, 1693 1784
Appleton, Samuel. Am. merchant and' phil. 1766 1853
Appleton, Thos. Gold. Am. author and dilettaut. 1812 1884
Appleton, Wm. Am. merchant and benefactor... 1786 1862
Appling, Daniel. American soldier 1787 1817
Aprosio, Angelico. Italian writer and monk 1607 1681
Apttleius. Roman satirist and philosoither fl. 130?
Aquila, Caspar. German Protestant theologian.. 1488 1560
Aquila. rinitlnif. Greek-Jew. pros. Trans. O.T.fl.117 138?
Aquinas, St. Thos. The Angelic Doctor. It. teach 1224? 1274?
Arabi PasUa. Ahmed EI. Egyptian revolutionist 1837
Aracena, Dominick. Chilian scholar — 1810 1874
Arago, Dom. F. J,. Fr. astronomer and physicist. 1786 1853
Arago, Jacques E. V. Fr. journalist and author. . 1790 1855
Arago, Jean, French soldier in America 1788 1.836
Aram, Eugene. Eng. scholar. K.x. for murder... 1704 17.59
Aranda, P. P. A. yB., Don, Count of. Sp.diplom. 1719 1798
Arango y Parrino, B'ranciscode. Cuban states'n 176.t 1.S37
Arango, de, Rafael. \V. Ind. soldier and author , 1788 1850
Arango y Eseandon, Alejandro. Mex. author. . 1.S21 ,,,,
Arany, Janos. Hungarian poet 1817 1882
Aranzazu. Juan de Bios. Colombian statesman 1845
Araujo de Azevedo, Antonio. Port, statesman. , , 17.54 1817
Araujo y Rio, Jose. .>]». governor of Guatemala
Arbogast, or Arbogaste. L. F. A. Fr. mathem'n. 1759 1803
Arbogast, or Arbogastes. Roman genera! 394
Arbois, d', de JubainvUle, M. H. Fr. archseol't. 1827
Arboleda, Julio. Colombian poet 1872
Arbuckle, Matthew. American soldier 1776 1851
Arbutbnot, John. British author and physician. 1667 1735
Arbuthnot, Marriot. Eng. naval officer in Am... 1711 1794
Arc, d', Jeanne 1411? 1431
Arcane, d', Mauro. Italian burlesque poet 1490? 1536
Arce, Francisco. American pioneer 1822 1878
Arce, Manuel. Jlexican Jesuit 1725 1785
Archbold, George. Scottish chemist in America. 1848
Archdale, John. Governor of North Carolina fl. 1695
Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm. German writer... 1743 1812
Archer, Branch T. American revohitionist 1790 1S56
Archer, John. American physician and soldier.. 1741 IsiO
Archer, Samuel B. American soldier 1790 1825
Archer, \Villiam S. American statesman 17.S9 1855
Archibald, Adams Geo. Sir. Nova Scotian jurist 1814 ....
Archibald, Thos. Dickson. Nova Scotian states'n 1813 .,,.
Archilochus. Grecian lyric poet of Paros B.C. 714? 676
Archimedes. Greek mathematician B.C. 287? 212
Arcimboldi, Giannangelo. Italian archbishop 1.5.55
Arco, del, Alouzo. Spanish painter 1625 1700
Arcon.d', Jean Claude. French engineer 1733 1800
Arcos, y Moreno Alouzo. Spanish governor.....
Arditi, Luigi. Italian musical composer 1822 ....
ArdshirBabegan. King of Persia 260?
Arenales, Jose. Argentine geographer 1790 ...
Arend, Johannes Pieter. Dutch historian 1796 1.855
Arents, Albert. Ger. metallurgist and inventor. 1840 ...
Arentzen, Christian August Emil. Danish poet. 1823
Areschoug, John Erhard. Swedish botanist 1811 ....
Aresi, Paolo. Italian ecclesiastic and author 1574 1644
Areson, Jon. Icelandic poet and R. C. bishop... 1484 1550
Aretln, von, Johann.Cbr. A. M. Baron. Ger. writer 1772 1824
Aretino, Pietro. Italian satirist 1492 1557
Arey, Harriet Ellen. American authoress 1819 ....
Arezzo, Tommaso. Italian cardinal and statesm. 1756 1835
Argall, Samuel. Sir. Deputy gov. of Virginia. 1.572 16-.-'6
Argand, Aime. Swiss physician and chemist. . , 1855 1803
Argelander,Friedrich Wilhelm Aug. Prus. astron. 1799 1875
Argens,d', Martinis. French soldier and writer. 1704 1771
Argensola, de, Lupercio. Spanish lyric poet .... 1.563? 1613
Argenson, d', Marc Antoine. French author 1722 1787
BOKN DIEB-
Argenson, d', Pierre de Voyer. Fr. gov. of Can. 1626 1709
Argout, d', Antoine M. A., Count. Fr. financier. 1782 1858
Arguelles, Augustin. Sp. minister of State 1775 1844
Arguello, Concepciou. Sister of Luis Antonio 1790 1867
Arguello, Luis Antonio. Governor of California. 1784 1830
Argyll, Archi. Campbell. Partisan of Cromwell. 1598 1661
Argyll, Geo. Jno. Douglass. Duke of Argyll 1S23 . .
Argyll or Argyle, Archi. Campbell. Con. 'of Mon. 1620? 1685
Arias, de Benavides Pedro. S]>anish physician
Arias, Francisco Gabino. Argentine traveler 1808
Arillaga, Basilio M. Jlexican scholar 1785 1867
Ariosto, Ludovico. Famous Italian poet 1474 1533
Arismendi, Juan B. Venezuelan solclier 1786
Arista, Mariano. Mex. general and president 1802 1855
Aristarchus, of Samothrnce. Greek gram died B. c. 150?
Aristides. The Just. Athenian statesman. . .b. c 468?
Aristippus. Greek jihilosopher.. b.c 3807
Aristizabal, de, Gabriel. Span, naval officer 1743 1805
Aristophanes. Comic poet of Greece b.c 444? 380r
Aristotle. Greek i.hilosopher B.C. S84 322
Ariits. Greek patriarch ot Alexandria 280? 336
Arkwright, K. Sir. Inventor of spinning jenny. . 1732 1792
Arlincourt, d', V. Vise. Fr. poet and novelist... 1789 1856
Arlotto, M. II Piiiraii'i. Ital. burlesque poet 1895 1483
Armagnacd', B.. Count. Constable of France. 1352? 1418
Armand, C. Couut. Fr. soldier in Am. Rev 1756 1793
Armand-Dumaresq, C. E. Fr. military painter. . 1826
Armendariz, de, L. D.. Sjianish viceroy
Armengaud, Jacques E. French engineer 1810
Armfelt, Gustaf M. Swed. lieut. gen., courtier, . , 17,57 1814
Arminius, Jacobus. Dutch theologian 1560 1609
Armistead, George. .American soldier 1780 1813
Armlstead, Henry Hugh. English sculptor 1828
Armistead, Lewis .\. .\merican soldier 1817 1863
Armistead, Walker K. American soldier 1785 1845
Armitage, Edward. English painter 1817
Armitage, Thos. Eng. Bap. clergyman in Am 1819
Armitage, Wm. E. .\m. P, E. bishop 1830 1873
Armsby, Jas. H. .\m. Physician and diplomat, , , 1809 1875
Armstrong, D. H. Nova Scotian Senator in Am. 1812
Armstrong, David M. Am. artist, di)4omatist- . . 1837
Armstrong, Geo. Dodd. Am. educat'r aud auth'r 1813
Armstrong, Henry li. .\iiiericau soldier 1791 1884
Armstrong, James, .\meriean naval officer 1794 18('j8
Armstrong, .lames, .\menean soldier ,.,, 179e
Armstrong, James. Canadian jurist 1821
Armstrong, James F. American naval officer 1817 1873
Armstrong, John. Irish soldier in America 1725 1795
Armstrong, John. Offl. in Rev., states, and writ. 1758 1843
Armstrong, Moses K. Am. surveyor and states'n 1832
Armstrong, Richard. English soldier 1823
Armstrong, Richard. American missionary 1805 1860
Armstrong, Robt. Archib'd. Scottish philologist 1788 1867
Armstrong, Robert. American soldier 1790 1854
Armstrong, Sam'l T. Am. bookseller and gov'r.. 1784 1850
Armstrong, Wm. George. Sir. Eng. inventor 1810 ....
Armstrong, Wm. Jcssup. .\m.Presbyt'ncIergy'n 179'6 1846
Arnaldus de Villa Nova. Fr. phys. and alchein't 12a5? 1314
Arnason, Jon. Iceliindie autlior 1.S19 i,s8S
Arnaud, Frederic. French senator aud author.. . 1819 1878
Arnaud, Henri. Pastor and leader of ^^■aldenses 1641 1721
Arnauld, Angelique. French nun and writer .... 1624 l(i84
Arnauld, Antoine. Thrdrmt. Fr. philosopher. . 1612 1694
Arnault, Vincent Antoine. French author 1766 1834
Arnd, Johann. Germ. Luth. theolog'n and writer 1.555 1621
Arndt, Ernst Moritz. Gerntan poet 1769 1860
Arne, Thos. Augustine. Eng. m'usician and comp 1710 1778
Arngrimsson, Eystein. Icelandic poet 136ir
Arnim, Elizabeth, or liettina. .Germ, authoress., 1785 1859
Arnim, H. Karl K. Eduard, Count. Prus. dipl't.. 1824 1881
Arnim. von. HaTis <;er,rQr. German diplomatist , 1,581 1641
Arnim, von, Ludwig Joachim. German poet 1781 1831
Arnison, Jon. Icelaudic writer 1819 ....
Arnobius, Afer. Rhetorician of Numidia fl. 290?'
Arnold, of Brescia, or Arnaldo. Ital. reformer 1155
Arnold, Aaron. American merchant 1794 1876
Arnold, Albert N. jn.-.erican Baptist clergyman. 1814 1883
Arnold, .Arthur. English author and editor 1833
Arnold, Arthur. English social reformer 1833
Arnold, Benedict. Am. gen. in Rev. and traitor. 1741 1801
Arnold, Benedict. Eng. governor in America — 1615 1678
Arnold, Edwin, Sir. English poet 1831
Arnold, George. American author 1834 1865
Arnold, Isaac N. Am. lawyer, states'n and auth.. 1815 1884
Arnold, Jas. R. Sir. .-imer. soldier and engineer. 17.s0 1854
Arnold, John. English horologer and inventor, , 1744 1799
Arnold, Jonathan, .imer. physician aud jurist. , 1741 1798
Arnold, Lemuel H. Amer. lawyer and statesman 1792 1852
Arnold, Lewis G. American soldier 1815 1871
Arnold, Matt. Son of T. A. Eng. poet and essay't 1822 1888
Arnold, Peleg. American jurist 1752 1820
Arnold, Richard. American soldier 1828 1882
Arnold, Samuel Greene. Rhode Island historian 1821 1881
Arnold, Thos. (of Rugliy). Eng. teach, and hist'n 1795 1842
Arnold, Thos. Dickens. Am. sold, and statesman 1798 1870
Arnold, Thos. K. Eng. editor of school classics. . 1800 18.58
Arnold von Winkelried. Swiss patriot 13.86"
Arnold, William Delafield 1828 1869
Arnot, William. Scottish preacher and author. .. 1808 1875
A 11 .\ 0 T T — A U G U S T I
1685
BOBN DIED
Arnott, Br. Archibald. Scotch physician 1771 IJyio
Arnott, Nfil. Scotch j'hys. aud nat. pliilosopher 17SS? 1874
Arnoill. Bishop of Lisiciix and writer 11S2
Arnould, Auib. Marie. Fr. polit. econ. and auth. 17.5U 1812
i^rnould-Plessy. French actress 1819 ....
Aromatarl, degll, (Giuseppe. It. phys. and nat't. 1586? 1660
Arosemena. Justo. Colombian statesman 1817 —
Arouet. See Voltaire.
Arpad. Founder of the Hungarian monarchy .. . 869 907
Arpin. Paul. French journalist in America ISll 1865
Arrascaeta, de, Enrique. Uratruayau poet 1819 —
Arrate, de, Jose Felix. Cuban author 1697 1766
Arrebo, .\nders Christeusen. Danish poet 1.tS7 1637
Arresst, d", Heinr'h Ludwig. Germ, astronomer 1822 1575
Arrhenius, Clas. or Claudius. Swed. historian. . 1627 1695
Arriaga, Pablo Jose. Spanish author i.t62
Arriau, Flavius. Greek historian 146 170
Arriaza, Juan Bautista. Spanish poet 1770 1837
Arrillaga, Jose Joaquin. Spanish soldier 17.50 1814
Arrington, Alf. W, Am. jurist and statesman — 1810 1867
Arrivabene, Giov., Count. It. patriot and exile. 1787 1881
Arrom, (.'ecilla Francisca Josefa. Span, novelist. 1797 1877
Arrowsniith, Aaron. English sreograj-her 1750 1823
Arrowsmith, John. English Puritan divine 1602 16.59
Arrtie De Miranda, Luz. Guatemalan poetess.. . 1852 ....
Arsaces. Finnulerof the kingdom of Parthia... d. B.C. 250?
Arsinoe. l':ini;hter of Ptolemy I., king of Egypt. B.C. 316?
Artaud, Nicolas L. Fr. writer and Greek scholar 1794 1861
Artaud De Mentor, A-. F., Chev. Fr. diplomatist 1772 1849
Artaserxes I. King of Persia b.c 425
Art?xerxes II. King of Persia b.c 362
Artedi, Peter. Swedish naturalist 1705 1735
Artemisia. Queen of Halicarnassus fl. B.C. 480
Artemisia. Consort of Mausolus, Pr. oi Caria.fl. b.c. 3.50?
Aj-teveld, van, Jacques. Pop. leader of Ghent . i:jO0? 1345
Arteveld, van, Phil. Chief of insur. in Flanders 1340 1382
Arttiur. British king. Hero of Round Table fl. 5th or 6th c.
Arthur, Chester A. 21st President United States 18:30 1.S86
Arthur, Geo. Sir. Bart. Eng. statesman in Cau'a. 1784 1854
Arthur, Timothy Shay, -\merican story writer . . 1809 1885
Artfiur, \\in. Irish Bapt. clergyman iii America. 1796 1875
Arteaga, Jose Maria. Mexicen'soldier 1830 1865
Artigas, Jose. Dictator of Uruguay 1755 1851
Arundel, Thomas. Archbishop of Canterbury. - 13.53 1413
Arvelo, Kafael. Venezuelan statesman -. 1814 1870
Arvieux, d', L. Che\alier, French orientalist- . 1635 1702
Aryabhatta or Aryabahr. Hindu math fl. 5th c.
Arzao, .\ntonio R. Brazilian traveler
Asaky, (.ieorge. Moldavian poet and historian. . . 1788 1869
Asbjornsen, Peter C. Norwegian author 1812 1885
Asboth, -ilex. S. Hungarian soldier in Am 1811 1868
Asbury, Francis. First Meth. bishop in Am .-, 174.5 3816
Ascham, Roger. Instructor of Queen Elizabeth . 1515 1568
Asclepiades, Bithv'nus. Greek phvsician ..b.c 124?
Aselli, or Asellio,"G. Italian anatomist 1580? 1626
Asfandiyar. Persian hero. See Isfandiyab
Asgill, Charles. Sir. English general 1762 1823
Ashburn, George W. American soldier 1868
Ashburner, Charles A. American geologist 1854 1889 '
Ashburnham, John. English Royalist 1603 1671
Ashburton, A B.. Lord. Eng. financier 1774 1848
Ashby, Turner. American soldier 1824 1862
Ash'e, AsU'i, or As'ser, Rab. Jewish savant 353 427
Ashe, John. American Revolutionary patriot... 1721 1781
Ashe, John B. American soldier and statesman. . 1748 1802
Ashe, Samuel. American jurist and statesman. . 1725 1813
Ashe, Thomas. Irish author and trav. in America. 1770 1835
Ashe, Thomas. English poet 1836 ....
Ashley, Chester. Am. lawyerand statesman 1790 1848
Ashley, James Monroe. .American statesman 1824
Ashley, \Vm. H. American statesman.. 1778 1838
Ashmead, Isaac. American printer 1790 1870
Ashmole, Ellas. English antiquary 1617 1692
Ashmun, Jehudi. American philanthropist 1794 1828
Ashmun, Eli P. American lawyer and statesman. 1770 1819
Ashmun, <ieorge. American statesman 1.S04 1870
Ashmun, John Hooker. .\m. lawyer and educator isoo 1833
Ashpitel, Arthur. Eng. architect and archjeoligist. 1807 1869
Asinari, Federigo. Italian poet 1527 1576
Askew ur Ascough, Anne. English Luth. martyr. 1621 1546
Asoka, King of Magadha, India B.C. 223
Aspasia, of Miletns. Mistress of Pericles B.C. 470? 410?
Asper, Hans Swiss painter 1499 1571
Asper. Joel F. Am. lawyer, journalist and soldier 1822 1872
Aspertlni, Amico. Bolognese painter 1474 1552
Aspinwall, Lloyd. American soldier 1830 1886
Aspinwall, Tho's. Am. soldier and diplomat 1786 1876
Aspinwall, \Vm. Am. physician and statesman. 1743 1823
Aspinwall, Wm. H. American merchant 1807 1875
Asplin, Kev. William. {Alkihla) 1758
Asquint, Fabiano, Count. It. rural economist. . 1726 1818
Assarotti, ottavio Giovanni Battista. It. priest. 1753 1829
Assas, d, Nicolas. Chevalier. Fr. capt. Auvergne 1760?
Assemani, Giuseppe Simone. Syrian orientalist. 1687 1768
Assen, Cornells Jacobus. Dutch legist 1788 18.59
Asser, John. English bishop 909
Assheton, William English divine 1641 1711
AssoUant, Jean Baptiste. French novelist 1827 1886
Assarcttl, Octavius J.B, Teacher deaf and dumb 1735 1829
BORN' DIED
Assolant, Alfred. French author 1827 1886
Ast, George Anton F. Ger. scholar and teacher. 1776 1841
Astbury, John, of Shelton. English potter 1688? 1743
Astell, Mary. English authoress 1668 1731
Astle, Thomas. English antiquary 1735 1803
Astley, Jacob. Sir, Lord. Eng. royalist general... . 1579 1652
Astley, Philip. English equestrian 1742 1814
Aster, John Jacob. American capitalist 1763 1.848
Astor, Wm. B. Sun nf Julin Jacob. Am. capitalist 1792 1875
Astor, \^'nl. \\'a]dorf. Am. diplomat and author
Astruc, Jean. French medical writer and teacher 1684 1766
Atahualpa or Atabalipa. Last Inc king of Peru 1533
Atchison, David K. Am. jurist and statesman. .. . 1807
Athanasius, Saint. Greek father of the church. 296? 373
Athelstan or jEthelstan. King of England 895? 940
Athenagoras. Greek philosopher fl 168
Athenas, Pierre Louis. French rural economist. 1752 1829
Atherton, Charles Gordon. American statesman 1804 1853
Atherton, Chas. H. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1773 185a
Atherton, Humphrey, -imeriean soldier 1661
Atherton, Joshua. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1737 1809
Atkinson, Edw. .\m. writer on political econ'y.. 1827
Atkinson, Henry, .\nierican soldier 1782 1842:
Atkinson, John. Am. M. E. clergv'n and author.. 1835
Atkinson, Jos. Beavington. English art critic. .. 1822 ISSe^
Atkinson, Thomas. American P. E. bishop 1807 1881
Atkinson, Thos.Witlam. Eng. landscape painter 1799 1861
Atlee, John Light. Am. physician and educator. 1799 1886-
Atlee, Wash. Lemuel. Am. surgeon and writer... 1808 1878-
Atondo y Antillon. Don Isidore. Span, admiral . fl. 1683-
Atta-culla-culla. Indian chief
Attalus I. King of Pergamus (B.C. 241-197)... B.C. 268? 197
Attains II. iB.c. 1.5H-U^| Pliiltulelplms B.C. 220 138
Attalus III. iB.c. i:i'^13:3) PhiUnnetor B.c 133-
Attar-Ferid-ed-Din. Persian poet -.1119 1202
Atterbom, Peter Dan'l .iniadeus. Swedish poet.. 1790 185o
Atterbury, Francis. Bishop of Rochester 1662 1732
Atticus, Titus Pomponius. Rom. philosopher. b. c. 109 32
Attila. The Srotirf/e of (iod. King of the Huns 454
Attucks, C. Mulatto leader in Best, massacre 1770-
Atwater, Caleb. .\m. lawyer and statesman, 1778 1867
Atwater, Lyman H. .\ni. Cong. clergy, and edu'r 1813 1883-
Atwater, Wilbur O. Am. chemist and educator.. 1844
Attweod, George. English mathematician 1746 1807
Auber, I has..\uguste. Fr. poet and archa^olog't. 1804
Auber, Dan'l Fran(.'ois E. Fr. mus.' and comi»oser 1782 1871
Auber, Pierre .\lex. Fr. naturalist and educator. 1784 1843-
Auber, Virginia Felicia. Spanish authoress 1825
Aubert, Jean Louis. .\bbe. Fr. poet and fabulist. 17.51 1814
Autjert du Bayet, Jean Bapt. A. Fr. general 1759 179T
Aubertin, Chas. French professor and author. .. 1825
Aubery, .\ntoine. French historical writer 1616 1695-
Aubignac, Franvois Hedeliu. Abb^. Fr. dramat't 1604 1676-
Aubigne, d', Theo. Agrippa. Fr. historian, poet.. 1550 1630
Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christ. F. French botanist 1720 1778
Aubrey, John. Eng. topographer and antiquary. 1626 1697
Aubrey, d", Capt.. knight of St. Louis. Fr. soldier .. .. 1770
Aubrey, Ladv Letitia." Daughter of Wm. Penn
Aubry, Claude Charles. French general 1773 1813
Aubry-Lecompte, H. L. V. J. B. Fr. engraver. 1797 1858
Aubusson, d', Pierre. Fr. warrior and statesman 1423 1503
Auchmuty, Robert. Scottish lawyer in America 1750
Auchmuty, Robert, Jr. .\nierican jurist 1788
Auchmuty, Samuel. Anier. P. E. clergyman. . .. 1722 1777
Auchmuty, Sam'l, Sir. British general 1756 1822t
Auckland, G. Ed. Earl of. Gov. general of India 1784 1849
Audebert, Jean Bap. Fr. naturalist and engraver 1759 1800
Audenaerde, van, Robert. Flemish painter 1663 1743
Audendried, Joseph Crain. American soldier — 1839 1880
Audlffret, d', Chas. Louis Gaston. Fr. financier. 1787 1878
Audiffret-Pasquier, d', Edme A. Fr. statesman 1823 —
Audiguier, d' vital. Sieur de la M^nor. Fr. poet. 1569? 1624
Audley, Mervyn. Lord of Castlehaven. executed 1631
Audley, Thos. Baron. Ld. chancellor of England. 1488 1544
Audouin, Jean Victor. French entomologist.... 1797 1841
Audran, GiJrard. French historical engraver — 1640 1703
Audrein.Yves Marie. Fr. ecclesiastic, politician 1750? 1800
Audsley, George .\schdown. English architect. 1838 —
Audubon, John James. .American ornithologist. 1780 1851
Audubon, Mrs. Lucv Bakewell.wife J. J. .\udubon 1786 1874
Auenbrugger von.Auenbrug, L. Phys. at Vienna 1722 180S
Auer, .\uton. Bavarian porcelain painter 1777 1814
Auer, John Gottlieb. Ger. Am. Episcopal bishop. 1832 1874
Auerbach, Berthold. Cierman Jewish novelist. 1812 1882
Auersperg, .\dolph Wm. D. Austrian statesman 1821 1885
Auersperg, ven, .\utou Alex.. Count. Ger. poet. 1806 1876
Auffenberg, von, Jos. Baron. Ger. dramatic poet. 1798 1857
Aufrecht, Theodor. German orientalist 1821 .^..
Aufrere, Authonv. Misc. writer and translator. 1756? 1833
Auger, .-ithanase," .\bbe. Fr. pel. and clas. writer 1731 1792
Auger, Hippolyte Nicolas Just. Fr. novelist 1797 1881
Auger, Jacob .-Arnold. American soldier ^
Augereau, Pierre chas.. Duke of Castiglione. . .. 1757 1816
Augier, Gnillanme Victor E. Fr. dram't and poet 1820 1889:
Auguis, Pierre Jean Baptiste. Fr. revolutionist. 1742 1810
Augur, Christopher Colon. American soldier. 1821 —
Augur, Hesekiah. American sculptor 1791 1858
Augurelli, Giovanni Aurelio. Italian Latin poet. 1454? 1.537
Augustl, Christian J. Wilhelm. Ger. theologian 1771 1841
1686
A U G U S T I N — B A C 0 N
BORN DIED
Augustin, Jean Bap. Jacq. Fr. miniature painter. 1759 l!j32
Augustine or .\iistin, St. Apostle of the linglish . bO,?
Augustine, St. Numidian bisliop of Hippo .*1 ,!*
Au°ustinus, Autouius. Spanish Jurist lol6.' lo»b
Augustus Caesar. First Rom. emperor. . - . B c. bb-A. D. 14
Augustus I., Fred. Elec. Saxony, liing of Poland lb,0
Augustus, John, American philanthropist .... 1/So
Auld, John Blakelv. Am. editor and author. .. . 1815
Aulicll, Ludvik. Hungarian geuenil 1^92
Aullck, John H. American naval ofiicer. .... . _ . . I'S?
Aulnav de, Charuise. Fr. proprietor in Acadia ICOo
Aulnave de r, Franc. Henri. French writer. 1739 ._^_
iSlSoy; Marie c'. J. de B. French authoress.. 1650? 170d
Aumale d' C. de L., Due. A chiet of the League. loo4 1631
Aumale; d', H. E. P. L. d'O.. Due. French general lb22
Aumont, d', Jean. Fr. general and marshal -_^. .. . lo22
Aurangzeb. Emperor of Hiudostan. Alamgir I.... Ibl9
Aurelian, Claudius Domitius. Koraau emperor. 212.
Aurelio, I. -^utonio. Freuch adventurer
Aurelio G. M. Italian Latin poet
Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus. See Antosinus.
AurelledePaladines, d', CM. L.Fr. general...
Aurispa, Giovanni. Ital. writer and scholar —
AurivUlius, Carl. Swedish orientalist..^
Aurv do Louis. New Granadiau naval otncer — l/bu —
Ausonius, Decimus M. Latin poet, teacher 310? 392
18.30
fl.
1804
1369
1717
1733
1,S59
1S66
1849
1.S73
1650
1,S30
1595
1707
275
1520
1877
1459
1786
_Aust, Mrs'. Sarah. Guide to The Lakes ...__■_
Austen, Jane, Miss, English novelist 17(0
1835
175-2
1831
1760
1784
1797
1748
1811
1817
1820
1880
1831
1870
1860
1S26
17
Austin,' .Alfred. English poet and critic —
Austin, Benjamin. Am. merchant and statesman
Austin Coe F. American botanist and author. .
Austin, David. Am. Presbyterian clergyman . .
Austin, James Trecothic. .\merican lawyer
Austin, John. Jurist
Austin, Jonathan Loring. American statesman. . -
Austin, Jouathan Williams. Am. sold., law l/ol
Austin, Moses. American pioneer^. ..;• i»2i
Austin, Peter T. Am. chemist and writer 18o2 _^.^
Austin, Samuel. Am. Cougreg. clergyman 1/60 1830
Austin, Sarah, born Taylor. English writer 1^93 18b/
Austin Steph. F. Founder of first col. of Tex. . . . 1790? 1836
Austm; William. American author 1778 1.841
Austria, Caroline A. Dowager Empress of 1/92 1873
Austria Soi^hia F. D. W. Archduchess of 180o 1872
Autenrieth, von, J.H.E. German physician.. .. 1772 lS3o
Autran, Joseph. French poet 1813 187/^
Auvergne,d', Pierre. French troubadour _^ l21o^
Auvray, Felix. Freuch painter ibuo i*3o
Auzout .\drien, French mathematician 1630 1691
Auzoux' T L.J. French phvsician, inventor 1797 1880
Avalos d', Ferdinaudo. Neapolitan general 1489? Ia25
Avanzi d, Jacopo di Paolo. Italian painter fl. 13/6
Avanzlni G. Ital. mathematician, physicist 1753 182/
Avaux d' Claude de M., Count. Fr. diplomatist. 1595? 1650
Aveiro', Jo'se de M. Don, Duke. Port, conspirator
Aveledb .^ugustin. Venezuelan scientist
Avellaneda.Nicolas. P/es Argent. Republic^^.^ „„ ._^^
Avellaneda, de, Gertrudis Gomez. Span, poetess I8ib 18/3
Avelloni Francesco. Italian dramatist 1756 1837
Avenpac'e. Spanish- Arabian philosopher ,™11?S;;^
Avenbrugger, or Auenbrugger, which see 1/22 im
Aventinus, Johannes. Bavarian historian 14// loi>4
Avenzoar. .4 /■. Ibn Zohr. Arabian physician. . lO/..)
Avenzohar, .Vlhafid, son. Ar. physician in spam 1114
Averanl, Benedetto. Florentine class, scholar .. lb4o
Averill, John T. Amer. soldier and statesman..
AverllL William Woods, .\merican soldier.
Averroes. .\rabian philosojiher and physician..
Avery Benj. P. .^m. jouruulist and diplomat. . .
Avery' Waightstill. ,\m. lawyer and statesman..
Avezac d' -A.ug. Genev. Valen. Haytian lawyer. 1777
Avezac' d', Jean Pierre Val. Son of Pierre Valen. 175i.i
Avezac d', Marie Armand P. Fr. geographer 1.S00
Avezac, d', Pierre Val. D. J. Haytian translator. 1769
Avezzana, Ciuiseppe. Italian soldier in America 1797
Avianus, Flavins. Latin author 3d c
1708 1769
1836 ....
1836
1162
1199
1707
1825
1.832
1120
1829
1745
1198
1875
1.821
1851
1.803
1875
. A.D.
Avicebron, or Solomou beuGebirol. Jew. phil r. a. 11th c
1037?
16.58
1700
1574
1770
.525
1856
1823
1719
1832
Avlcenna. Mohammedan physician and philos r 98U
Avila, de, Gil Gonzalez. Sp. divine and historian lo78
Aviler, -iugustin Charles. Freuch architect 1652
Aviles de, Pedro Menendez. Spanishsailor 1523
Avisoii, Charles. English composer 1710
Avitus, St. .\bp.Vienne, France. Latin poet
Avogadro, Amadeo. Chemist..^. 1776
AvTigny d', Chas. Jos. Lceillard. Ireneh poet.. . 1/hO
AvTigny, d, Hvacinthe Robillard. Fr. historian 1675
Avrif, Jean Jac(|ues. French engraver 1744 *.-^-
Axayacatl. Eighth Mexican King .^_. 1477
A-?on, Will-am E. A. English author !?*,„,=„,
Ayala, de, Balthasar. Flemish jurist lo4s.' 1584 _
Ayala de, J. B Explorer of San Francisco Bay. tl. I//01
Ayala' de, Pedro L. Spanish historian, poet 1332
Ayatta, Wigle van. Dutch jurist and statesman. 1507
Ayer j'anies C. .\mericau manufacturer 1818
Ayestah. Favorite wife of .Mohammed 611
Aylesbury, T. Sir. English patron 01 learning. . 1576
Aylett, Robert. English religions poet 1583
Ayllon, de, Lucas V. Companion of Cortez ■■
Aylmer, John. Tutor to Lady Jane Grey 1521
1407
1577
1878
678
1657
1655
1526
1594
BORN
Aylmer, M. English soldier in Canada 1775
Aymar, Jacques. French impostor 1662
Ayolas de, or d'Ayolas J. Spanish adventurer
Ayrault, Pierre. French jurist 1536
Ayre, Rev. John. Biblical scholar and author — 1801
Ayrer or Eyer, Jacob. Germ, dramatic poet
Ayres, Romevn B. .\merican soldier 1825
Ayrton, WilUam. Writer on music 1777
Ayscough, S.. Rev. English antiquary, writer. . . 1745
Ayscue, or Ayscough, cieo. Sir. Eng. admiral. fl. 1646
Aytoun, Wni, Ed. Scottish professor and poet... 1813
Ayub Khan. Governor of Herat 1849?
Ayuso, Francisco G. Spanish philologist 1835
Azais, Pierre Hvacinthe. French philosopher. . 176b
Azanza, de, Josi- Miguel. Spanish statesman 1746
Azara, de, Felix, Don. Spanish naturalist 1746
Azegllo, d', M. T , Marquis. Italian statesman. . . 1798
Azevedo, de, -Antonio .\. Count of Earca 1784
Azevedo, C. J. J. da C. Portuguese bishop 1742
Azevedo, de, Ignazio. Portuguese missionary... 1527
Azo, Azzo or Azollnus, Portius. Italian jurist ■_
Azpilcueta, Juau. Spanish missionary. , lolo
Azuni, D. A. Sardinian jurist and antiquary 1749
Azzarkal. .Arabian mathematician, astronomer. . . fl.
Azzoguidi, Germano. Ital. physician, author — 1740
DIED
1850
1715
1538
1604
1869
1606
18.58
1804
1671
1865
B
Baader, von, Franz Xaver. German philosopher
Baan, van, Jan. Dutch portrait painter
Baasha. King of Israel (b.c.9o3-930)
Baba-Ali. Dey of Algiers
Babbage, Charles. English mathematician
Babbitt, Isaac. .American inventor .
Babbitt, Edwin B. American soldier
Babcoek, Chas. A. American naval oflicer
Babcock, Henrv. American soldier
Babcoek, Jas. F. Am. journalist and statesman..
Babcock, Jas. F. .^.m. chemist, edue'r and inv'r..
Babcock, Orville E. American soldier. .. .^ ...... .
Babcoek, Rnfus. Am. Bap. clergy., ed. and auth.
Babek AI Khnrmni. Persian impostor
Baber or Babur. Zahir ed-Din Mohammed
Babeuf, Francois Noel. French revolutionist ....
Babinet, Jaciiues. French natural philosopher . .
Bablngton, Benj. Ciuy. English medical writer..
Babington, Wm. British chemist and naturalist.
Babo, von, Franz Marins. German dramatist —
Baby Francois. Canad. engineer and statesman.
Baby, Louis Franyois Geo. Canadian statesman.
Baca Luis. Mexican musical composer
Bacci'o della Porta. Italian painter.. .. . . ... ._^.
Bacciochi, Felice P. Cons't Nap n s sis. Mane E.
Bach Johaun Christ. Germ. comp. and organist.
Bach J.C.F. Son of J. S. Ger. musical compos.
Bach' Job. Seb. Famous Ger. comp. and music'n
Bach' Karl Ph. E. Son of J. S. Ger. nins. comp..
Bach Wm. Fried. Son of J. S. Ger. organist .. ..
Bache .\lex. Dallas. American philosopher
Bache Benj. Franklin. American journalist
Bache, Benj. Franklin. American surgeon. ... ^ ..
Bache Franklin, m.d. Am. physician and author
Bache', Hartman. Brev. Brig.-general U. S. A
Bache, Henrv W. American civil engineer
Bache, Rioh'd. Eug.mer. andpostm'r-gen.in Am.
Bache' Sarah. American philanthropist
Bache, Theophvlact. Eng. merchant m America.
Bacheiet, Jean Louis T. French historian
Bachi Pietro. American educator and writer —
Bachliler y Morales, Ant'o. Cub. law. and auth.
Bachman John. Am. naturalist and Luth minis.
Baciccio, 11. Real name G. B. Gaulli. Gen. paint.
Back Cieorge.Sir. British arctic navigator
Backer, van, Jakob. Dutch painter
Backhuysen, Ludolf. See B.^khvisen
Backstrdm, Per John Edvard. Swedish poet
Backus, Azel. American educator .......
Backus, Chas. .-Vm. Cong, clergyman and educ r.
Backus, Electus. -American soldier
Backus, Franklin T. American lawyer . .^
Backus, Isaac. American divine and author
Bacon, David. Amer. missionary to Indians
Bacon, David F. Amer. physician and author. . .
Bacon, David W. .\mer. Roman Catholic bishop .
Bacon, Delia. Amer. author, teacher and lecturer
Bacon, Edmund. American lawyer.
Bacon, Edwin Monroe. American journalist
Bacon Ezekiel. American jurist and statesman.
Bacon, Francis. Eng. philosopher and statesman
Bacon, Henrv. .American artist . . . , _^ .
Bacon, Joel S. Am. clerg., prot, and col. presid t.
Bacon, John Edmund. American jurist .
Bacon, Leonard. Eminent American divine
Bacon, Nathaniel, .^.merican colonial leader
Bacon, Nich.. Sir. Eng. statesman and Id. keeper
Bacon, Roger. Friar. English philosopher
Bacon, Samuel. American clergymau
Bacon, Wm.T. Am. edito"- and clergyman
1765
1633
B.C.
1791
1799
1802
1833
1736
1809
1844
1835
1798
1483
1764
1794
1794
1756
1756
1834
1826
1469
1762
Ifrlo
1782
16&5
1714
1710
1806
1769
1801
179a
1797
1839
1737
1744
17W
18-20
1787
1812
1790
1639
1796
1530
1841
1765
1749
1804
1813
1724
1771
1813
1814
1811
1776
1844
1776
1.561
1840
1801
1832
1802
1630?
1509
1-2141
1781
1814
1815
18-26
1811
1866
1817
18-21
1570
1225
1827
1000?
1814
1841
1702
930
1718
1871
1862
1881
1876
1800
187*
1884
1875
837
1530
1797
1872
1866
1833
1822
1864
1855
1517
1841
1703
1795
1750
1788
1784
1867
1798
1881
1864
1872
1878
1811
1808
1807
1853
1874
1709
1878
1591?
1817
180S
1862
1870
1806
1817
1S66
1874
1859
1826
i876
16-26
'i869
issi
1677
1579
1-294
1820
1881
B A C 0 N T H 0 R P — B A L M A S E D A
168T
BORN DIED
BacontUorp, J. The Resolute Doctor. Bog. mon'k :34ti
Badalocchio. Sisto Rnsn. Itnliiin painter 1581 1C47
Badeau, Adam. American author 1831 ..--
Baden, Jakob. Pauish philologist 17S5 1804
Badger, George Edmund American statesman.. 1795 isn6
Badger, Joseph. American soldier 1722 1803
Badger, Joseph. American missionary 1757 1846
Badger, Joseph. American clergyman 1792 1852
Badger, Milton. American clergyman 1800 1873
Badger, Oscar C. American naval oiflcer 1823 ....
Badger, William. American legislator 1/79 1852
Badin,S.T. Am. Rom. Catholic missionary 1768 1853
Badius, Jodocus or Josse. Fl. printer and poet... 1462 lo36
Badlam, Evra. American soldier 1746 1(88
Badlam, .S.'l brother of Evra.) Am. soldier 1:348 181d
Baena, A. I.adislao Monteiro. Portuguese explor 1851
Baer von, Karl Ernst, Russian-German natur'st. 1792 1876
Baerie.vanor Barlaeus.Gaspard. Dutch theol. . 1584 1648
Baert, de, Alexandre B. F. de P. French Senator 1750 1825
Baez, Buenaventura. Pres. Dominican Republic. 1820? 1884
Baffin, William. English navigator 1584? 1622
Bagby, Arthur Pendleton. Am. lawyer, statesman 1794 1858
Bagby Geo. William. Am. phvs. editor, writer. . 1828 1883
Bagenot, Walter. English essayist and journalist 1826 1877
Baggesen, Jenslmmanuel. Danish poet 1764 1826
Bagioli, Antonio. Ital. musical director and writer 1795 1871
Bagley, John Judaon. American statesman 1832 1881
Baglione, Giovanni. Italian painter 1575? 1050?
Baglivi, Giorgio. Ital. phys. and med. writer 1669 1707
Bagnacavallb, n. Bartolommeo. Painter 1486 1543
Bagnoll, Giulio Cesare. Italian dramatic poet 1630?
Bagoas. Persian soldier, assassin of D.Codomannus B.C. 336
Bagot, Sir Charles. English diplomatist 1781 1843
Bagot, Lewis. English bishop 1740 1802
Bagot, Richard. Bishop of Oxford 1782 1854
Bagration, Peter IvanovitrCh, Prince. Russian genl 1762 1812
Bagshaw, E. Eng. lawyer and political writer... 1604 1662
Bahnson, Geo. Fred. Dan Mor. Bishop in Am ... 1805 1869
Babr Johann Christian Felix. German philologist 1798 1872
Bahrdt, Karl Friedrich. German theologian 1741 1792
Baier, Johanu Jacob. Cierman phys. and naturalist 1677 1735
Baif, de, Jean Antoine. French poet 1532 1.589
Ballargeon.Charles Francis. Canadian archbishop 1798 1870
Bailey, Ann. Eng. adventuress and scout iu Am. 1725 1825
Bailey, AunaWarner."Mother Bailey," Am. patriot 1758 1850
Bailey, Ebenezer. Amer. educator and writer 1795 1839
Bailey, Gamaliel. American journalist 1807 1859
Bailey, G. S. Am. Baptist clergyman and author. 1822
BaUey, Guilford Dudley. American soldier 1834 1862
Bailey, Jacob. American soldier 1728 1816
Bailey, Jacob. Am. P. E. clergyman and miss'ry. 1731 1808
BaUey, Jacob Whitman. American microscopist 1811 1857
Bailey, Jas. E. American lawyer and statesman. 1822 —
BaUey, Jas.M. Am. soldier, editor and author... 1841 —
Bailey, John. American soldier 1730 1810
BaUey, Joseph. American soldier and engineer.. 1827 1867
BaUey, Joseph Mead. American jurist 1833
BaUey, L. W. Am. chemist, geolog't and writer. . 1839 ....
BaUey, Nathan. English lexicographer 1742
BaUey, Philip James. English poet 1816 ....
BaUey, Rufus \Vm. Am. clergyman and educator li93 1863
BaUey, Samuel. English writer 1792 1870
BaUey, Silas. Am. clergyman and educator 1812 1874
BaUey, Theodoruo. American statesman 1758 1828
BaUey, Theodorus. American rear admiral 1805 1877
BaUey Wm. Whitman. Am. botanist and writer. 1843 —
BaUy, Edward Hodges. English sculptor 1788 1867
BaUy, John. Eng. clergvman in America 1644 1697
BaUlairge, Geo. Frederick. Canadian engineer. 1824
BaUlargeon, Pierre. Canadian physician 1812 —
Baillle, James. Scotch patriot .^^^ 1684
BaUlie, Joanna. Scotch poetess 1762 1851
BaUlie Matthew. Bro. Joanna. Phys. and anat. 17bl 1823
BaiUon, Ernest Henri. French naturalist 1827 .^..
BaUlot, Pierre Marie F. de Sales. Fr. violinist. .. 1(/1 1842
BaUlOU, de, Guillaume. French medical writer.. 15.38 1616
BaiUy, Antoine Nicolas. French architect 1810 ...
BaiUy, Jean Svlvain. French astronomer 1736 1(93
BaUly Joseph A. French sculptor in America. . . 1825 —
Bain, Alexander. Scotch metaphysician 1818 1877
Bainkidge, Henry. American soldier 1803 1857
Bainbridge, Wm. American commodore 17(4 i»3J
Baines, Allen Mackenzie. Canadian physician... 1853 ..^.
Baines.Thos. British painter and explorer _._ 18/5
Baini, Giuseppe. Italian musician 1((5 1844
Baird, Absalom. American soldier ......1824 ....
Baird, Chas. Wash. Am. Pres. clergy, and author 1828 . . .^
Baird, David, Sir. Scottish general 17o7 1829
Baird, Heurv Carev. Am. publisher and author.. 1825 ...
Baurd, Heurv Mariyn. Am. educator and author 1832 ....
Baird Rob't". Am. Presbv. clergyman and author 1798 1863
Baird, Sam'l J. Am. Presby. clergy'n and author 1817 ....
Baird, Spenc. F. Am. naturalist, sec. Smith. In. 1823 1887
Baird, Thomas D. American professor.. 1819 1873
Baius, or De Bay, Michel. Flemish theologian.. . lol3 1589
Bajazet. See Bayazid.
Baiol, Jean Marie. French explorer v • ■ ■ ;_■ }?J; ' ■
Baker, Abijah R. Am.Cong.clergymanand auth. 1805
Baker, Benj. F. Am. musician, educator and edit. 1811 ...
BOBN DIED
Baker, Daniel. American soldier 1775 1836
Baker, r>aniel. Am. Presb. clergyman and author 1791 1857
Baker, David Jewett. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1792 1809
Baker, Edward Dickinson. Am. sold, and senator 1811 1861
Baker, t^eorge Augustus. American artist 1821 1880
Baker, Cieorge Bernard. Canadian statesman. .. 1834 —
Baker, Harriet Newell Woods. Amer. authoress. 1815
Baker, Heurv Brooks. Am. surgeon and writer . . 1837
Baker, Jas. H. Am. soldier, editor and statesman 1829 —
Baker, Laf.C. Chief of the U. S. Secret Service. 1826 1868
Baker, Marcus. Am. educator and writer 1849 —
Baker, Nath. Brad. Am. lawyer and statesman . . 1818 1876
Baker, O. C. Am. M. E. clergyman and writer — 1812 1871
Baker, Remember. American sold'r and pioneer. 1740 1775-
Baker, Samuel White, Sir. Explorer and author. 1821
Baker, William Bliss. American artist 18.59 —
Baker, Wm. H. American artist and educator — 1825 1875
Baker, Wm. M. Am. Pres. clergyman and author 1825 1883
Bakewell, J. C. Eng. phys. journalist and auth. 1800 1869
Bakeyvell, Robert. English agriculturist 1726? 1795
Bakhuisen, or Backhuysen, Ludolf. Dutch pa'r 1631 1709
Bakunin, Michael. Russian nihilist 1814 1876
Balabanof, Marko. Bulg. author and statesman.. 1837
Balard, Antoine J. Fr. chemist. Dis. of bromine 1802 1876
Balban-Ghayis-uddin. King of Delhi 1206? 1286
Balbastre, Claude Louis. French organist 1729 1799
Balbi, Adviano. Italian geographer 1782 1848
Balbi, Gas]>aro. Venetian merchant 16th c,
Balbo, Cesare. Italian writer and statesman 1789 1853
Balboa, de, Vasco Nunez. Spanish adventurer... 1475 1517
Balbuena, de, Bernardo. Spanish poet — 1.568 1627
Balbus, L. Cornelius. Roman officer and author, B.c? lOO"-
Balcarres, Alex. Lindsay, Ear', of. Eng. soldier.. 1752 1825
Balch, George B. American naval officer 1821
Balchen, John, Sir. English admiral 1669-70 1744
Baldasseroni, Giovanni. Italian statesman 1790 1876
Baldaya, Alfonso Gom;'ales. Portuguese explor.. fl. 1434
Balde, Jakob. German Latin poet 1603 1668
Balderic. French bishop and chronicler 1050? ...
Baldi, Bernardino. It. mathemat'n and philolog. 1553 1617
Baldinger, Ernst Gottfried. Ger. med. writer.... 1738 1804
Baldini, Baccio. Italian engraver fl. 1460 1485
Baldinucci, Fiiippo. Florentine art. and writer. 1624 1696
Baldovini, Fraucesco. It/iliaupoet 1635 1716
Balducci, Francesco. Sicilian poet 1596? 1642
Baldung, Hans. German paiuter and engraver... 1470 1550
Baldwin I. King Jerusa.: bro. Godf. de Bouillon. 10.58 1118
Baldwrin, Abraham. Am. statesman and benef'r. 1754 1807
Baldwin, Ashbel. Am. P. E. clergyman 1757 1846
Baldwin, Chas. H. American naval officer 1822
Baldwin, CJeo. C. Am. Bapt. clergy, and author.. 1817 —
Baldwin, Henry. Am. jurist, states, and author.. 1780 1844
Baldwin, Heurv P. Am. statesman and benefac. 1814
Baldwin, Jas. F. Am. engineer, surv. and senator 1782 1862
Baldwin, Jeduthan. Am. soldier and benefactor. 1732 1788
Baldwin, John D. Am. clergy., journ. and states. 1809 1883
Baldwin, Jos. ti. American jurist and author 1864
Baldwin, L. Am. soldier, engineer and statesm'n 1745 1807
Baldwin, M. Wm. Am. inventor, manufacturer. 1795 1866
Baldwin, Robert. Canadian statesman 1804 1858
Baldwin, Roger Sherman. American jurist 1793 1863
Baldwin, Theoron. Am. Cong, clerg. educator. . 1801 1870
Baldwin, Thomas. Am. Baptist clergyman 1753 1825
Bale John. Bishop of Ossory. British author. , . 1495 1.563
Balechou, Jean Joseph N. French engraver 1719 1764
Balen, van, Hendrik. Flemish painter 1560 1632
Bales, Peter. English caligrapher 1547 1610
Balestra Antonio. Italian painter 166b 1(40
Ealistrlr, Wolcott. American author 1861 .^ .
Balfe Michael Wm. Irish musician, composer... 1808 1870
Balfour, Alexander. Scottish author 1767 1829
Balfour, Clara Lucas. English authoress 1808 1878
Balfour, James. Sir. .Scottish jud.ge. . ., .... 1583
Balfour, John H. Botanist and physician 1808 1884
Balfour, Nishet. Scottish soldier in America 1743 1823
Balfour Walter. Scotch Univ. clergyman in Am. 1776 1852
Balfour, W. Soldier and statesman in N. Bruns. . 1758 1811
Baliol Edward. Scottish King 1363
BallOl,' de, or de BaUiol, John.^ King of Scotland 1249 1315
Ball Dyer Am. physician, educator, clergyman. 1(97 1»()6
Ball! Ephraim. American inventor... ...1812 1872
BaU Robert Stawell, Sir. Eng. scientific author. 1840
Ball,' Thomas. American sculptor... 1819 ....
Ballanche, Pierre Simon. French philosopher... 17(6 1847
BaUantine, William. English lawyer 1812 1887
Ballantyne, James. Scottish printer. 1(72 1833
Ballard, Bland. American pioneer and soldier... l(bi ism
Ballard, Harlan Hoge. American educator. 1853 ....
Ballard, Henry E. American naval officer 1786 18sa
Ballevian. Adolfo. President of Bolivia ■■■••:-■ ]°l*
Ballou, Hosea. American Universalist preacher. 1(71 18S^
Ballou H'nea. Am. Universalist clergyman 1(96 1861
Ballou! I.iitimer W. Am. merchant, statesman... . 1812 ....
Ballou, Maturin Murray. American journalist. .. 1820 ....
Ballou, Moses. American clergyman 1811 1879
Ballue, Auguste Eleonore Arthur. Fr. statesman 183.5 __. .
Ballvette, Emanuel. Fr. bishop and antiquariau 1(00 1773
Balmaceda, Jose Manuel. Chilian statesman.... 1840 1891.
Balmaseda, Francisco J. Cuban author 183J —
1G88
B A L .M E y — B A R K E T T
BORN DIED
Balmes, Juime Luciauo. .Span, poliliciau. tbeol.. Ibiu i,-:.-i.!>
Ealow, Arthur. Navigator aud explorer iu Am.- . 155U 1C20
BaUaruo, Paolo. Italiau agriculturist, writer. - - 1763 1818
Kal^a, Jose. President of Peru 1S72
Baitard, Louis P. Freuch architect and engraver 17115 184(5
Ijaices, Peter J. Bavarian bishop and author. . . 1827 1880
U.ui.iasar, Theodor. Germ. Rep. inv. sol. niic. . fl. 1710
ISalciiazar, de, Casimir Victor Alex. Fr. artist... 1809 1875
Baltiraore, Lord.s. Proprietors prov. of Marvlaud
BaUimore, tieorge Calvert, Sir. First baroii 1582 1632
F.altimore, ( harles Calvert. Third lord 1629 1714
Baltimore, Cicilius (or Cecil) C. Second lord
Baluej de la, Jean. Fr. cardinal andintriguer... . 1421 1491
Balum, (jaetauo. Italian ecclesiastic... 1798 1866
Baluze, Etieune. French historian 1630 1718
Balzac, de, Honori5. French novelist 1799 1850
Bamberger, Ludwig. German writer 182.5 ....
Bamboccio. See Laar, Pieter van 1613 1673
Bamford- Samuel. English author 1788 1872
Bancroft, Aaron. Am. clergyman and educator. . .1755 1839
Bancroft, Edward. Am. physician and author. . . 1744 l.v20
Bancroft, (-Jeorge. American historian 1800 1891
Bancroft, Hubert Howe. American historian. . .. 1832 ., ,
Ban(iel, von, Jos. Ernst. German sculptor 1800 1876
Bandelier, Adolph Francis A. Swiss archjeolog't 1840 ....
Bandello, Matteo. Italian novelist 1480 1562
Bandelocque, Jean Louis. French surgeon 1746 1810
Bandinelll, Baecio Italian sculptor 1487 1559
Bandinl, Augelo Maria. It. antiq. and bibliog'r. . 1726 1800
Bandini, Juan. Peruvian statesman 1800 1859
Bandtkie, George Samuel. Poli.sh historian 1768 1835
Bauer or Banler, J.G. Swedish field marshal. . 1695 1641
Bangs, Francis C. American actor 1837 —
Bangs, Nathan Amer. M. E. clergyman 1778 1862
Baulin, John. Irish novelist T." 1798 1842
Banister John. Amer. soldier and statesman 1787
Banister. John. Eug. botanist and author 1692
Banks, Joseph Sir. English naturalist 1743 1820
JBauks, Nathaniel Prentiss Gen. Am. represen. . 1816 ...
Banueker, Beujamin. Amer. negro malh'n 1731 1S06
Banquo. Accoi'nplice of Macbeth 1066
Banting, Wiilijiiu. Loudon merchant 1797 1878
Banvard, Josepli. Am. Baptist clergyman 1810 ....
Eanville de, T. F. FreucJi poet and writer ... 1823 ....
Bar, von cr Baer Ernst. Ger-Rus. naturalist... 1792 1876
Ba:*acll, X oritz. Austr-'an author 1818 . .
Ba]'aga, F.C. R. C. bishop in America 1797 1868
Baragup" d'Hilliers, Achille. Jlarshal of France 1795 1878
Baralt, Rafa-l Maria. Spanish poet 1810 . ..
Baranda, d' Pedro Sainz. Mex. Naval Officer — 1787 1845
Baranoff, .\le-\auder A. Gov. of Rus-America. . . . 174l» 1819
Barante, \. (i. p. French statesman 1783 1866
Baratier. .1. P. French-German precocious youth 1721 1740
Baratynski, Ergenij Abramovitch. Ru. poet 1800 1S44
Barbacena.. F. C. B. Braz. soldier iind statesman 1772 1841
Barban^ois de C. H. Fr. nobleman and agr 1760 1S2'2
Barbarassa, Khair-uddin. Cors. King of Algiers H(;6? 1.547
Barbarassa, Arai. Corsair King of Algiers 1474? 1518
Barbaroux, C. J. M. French representative 1767 1794
Barbauld, .\una Letitia. English writer 1743 1825
Barbazan, de, Armaud Guilhem. Sire. Fr. gen 1432
Barbee, William J. Am. phys. and author 1816 ...
Barbe-Marbois. See Marbois .,. . 174,5 1837
Barber, Francis. Amer. officer in Rev. war 1751 1783
Barber, John .lay. .Amer. lawyer and artist 1840 ....
Barber, John Warner. American historian 1798 1885
Barber, Mary Augustine, -\merican educator... 1789 1860
Barberini, Francesco. Italian poet. 1264 1348
Barberini Francesco. Italian cardinal 1597 1679
Barbet de Jouy, Jos. H. French archieologist... 1812
Barbeu-Dubourg Jacques. French naturalist . 1709 1779
Barbey dWurevilly, Jules. French litti^rateur.. 1808 I.S89
Barbeyrac, .lean. French historian and jurist, . . 1674 1744
Barbiano, .\lIierico. Count. Italian commander , 1409
Barbier, .Antoine .\lexandre. Fr. bibliograjiher, 1765 1.S25
Barbier. Olivier .\lexand"e. Fr. bibliograi^her. . 1806
Barbier de Mevnard Casimir A. Fr. orientalist l.s27
Barbiere. del. Domenico. Italian painter 1.506V 1.563?
Barbosa, .\> res ",■ .\rins. Port, yihilol. and poet 146(( 1530
Barbosa Macliado. Diego. Port, historian 1682 1770
Barbour, James, .\merican statesman 1775 1842
Barbour, .1 oh n Scottish poet and historian 1316? 1395
Barbour, Jorin .Merrett. American jurist 1807 18S1
Barbour, John 8. .\m. statesman and soldier — 1790 1855
Barbour, Lncien. Am. jurist and statesman 1811 —
Barbour Oliver Lorenzo. Am. lawyer and wiiter 1811 .
Barbour, Philip Pendleton. Am. la'wy'r and judge 178:i 1.841
Barca, Francisco. Spanish statesman in .\m 1831 1883
Barcena, de .\lfonso. Spanish Jesuit and author 16(i6 1723
Barchou de Penhoen, .\uguste T. H. Fr. author. . 1601 1855
Barcia, de Andres Gonzalez. Spanish historian 1743
Barcia, de la Mariano. Mexican scientist 1853 ....
Barclay Alex. British author 1475 1552
Barclay, Jean. French writer 1582 1621
Barclay Robert. Scottish Quaker writer 1648 1690
Barclay, Robert II. Scottish naval officer 1837
Barclay, Thos. Am. adjutant gen'l Nova Scotia. 1763 1830
Barclay de Tolly, Michael, Prince. Ru. marshal.. 1761 1818
Bard, JoTin. Am. physician and writer , 1716 1799
BORN nIEB
Bard John. American educator 181i
Bard, Samuel. Am. physician and writer 1742 1821
Bard. William. Am. lirst pres.N. Y.Iife ins. Co.. 1777 1853
Bardesanes (Eng. Bardaisan). Syrian Gnostic. . 1.S5 200
Bardl. Girolamo. Ital. physician and philosopher 1603 1670
Bardi:i, Etieune Alexandre, liarou. French gen'l. 1774 1840
Bardoux, Agf'nor French author 1829 ...
Barebone, Praise God. English fanatic 1596? 1680
Barent o- B;,rei;tz, Willem. Dutch navigator 1.597
Barere d i Vieuzac, Bertrand. Fr. revoliitionist. 1755 1841
Baretti, Giuseppe Marcantonio. Italian writer.. 1716 1789
Bargagli, Scipione. Tuscan writer 1612
Barges, Jean Joseph Li'andre.Abbfr. Fr. orent'st 1810
Barliam, Richard Ilarris. Eng. divine and hum'st 1788 1845
Baring, Francis, Sir. Eng. capitalist and banker 1740 1810
Baring-Gould Sablne. English author 1834
Baritzin Georges. Roumanian litterateur 1812
Barjaud, Jean Bajitiste Benoit. French writer.. 1785 1813
Barkah Kh&n. Chief of 'he Kharizmians 1246
Barker, Fordyce. Am. physician and educator. . 1819
Barker, George Frederic, Am. scientist 1835 ....
Barker Jacob. Am. lawyer and statesman 1779 1871
Barker, Jas. N. Am. soldier, states'n and author 1784 1858
Barker. Jas.Wm. Am. merchant and statesman. 1815 1869
Barker. Josiah. American ship-builder 1763 1843
Barksdale, William. American soldier 1821 1863
Barlow, Ohanning. Am. lawyer jotirn. and sold. 1834 ....
Barlow- Joel. American poet and patriot 1764 1812
Barlow. Peter. English mathematician 1776 1862
Barlow, Samuel L. M. Am. lawyer and bibliog'r. 1826
Barlow, Thomas Harris. American inventor 1789 1865
Barlow, Thomas Oldham. English painter 1824
Barlaam. Bishop of the Rom. Cath. eh. in Italy 1348
Barmecides. Fam. Pers. fam. uotedfor trag. fate ab. 802
Barnard Anne Lady. Scottish poetess 1750 1825
Barnard, Chas. American journalist and author 1838 ....
Barnard Charlotte A. Eng. musical composer 1869
Barnard, Dan 1 D. Am. lawyer, states'n and dip. 1797 1861
Barnard, P^dward Emerson. Am.-astronomer. . .. 1857
Barnard, Fred'k .\ug. Porter. Am. educationist 1809 1889
Barnard, Henry, .\merican educationist. . . .... 1811 ....
Barnard, Isaac I). Am. soldier and senator 1791 1834
Barnard, John. Am. Congregational clergyman. 1681 1*770
Barnard, John Gross. American soldier 1815 1882
Barnard. Wm. Stebbens, .\m. sci. and inventor.. . 1849
Barnardo, Thomas J. English jihilanthropist
Barnave. Antoine Pierre Joseph JIarie. Fr. rev.. 1761 1793
Barnes. Albert. American divine 1798 1870
Barnes. Daniel Henry. .\m. educator and writer 1785 1828
Barnes. Demas. Am", mcbt., statsm'n and jonrst. 1827 ....
Barnes, .lames. .American soldier 1809 1869
Barnes. Josepli K. American Surgeon-general. . . 1817 1883
Barnes, Phineas. American engineer 1842 ....
Barnes. Phinehas. Am. statsinn.edn. and lawyer. 1811 1871
Barnes. Thos. Editor Loudon Times for 20 years. 1786 1841
Barnes. Thurlow Weed, .\iiierican author 1853
Barnes. Wm. Irish M. E. clergyman in ,\nierica.. 1795 1865
Barnett, John Francis. English musical comp... 1838
Barnett. John. English musical composer 1802 1890
Barneveldt. Jan ^'an Olden. Dutch statesman. . . 1547 1619
Barney. Joshua. American coiiimodore 1759 1818
Barnfield, Richard. Minor English poet 1574 1627
Barni, Jules Roniain. French scholar 1818 1878
Barnum, Henry A. .\m. lawy'r edii. and solder.. 1833 ....
Barnum, Leilas. Am. capitalist and hotel prop.. 1810 1865
Barnum Phineas Taylor. American showman. . . 1810 1891
Barnum, William H. Am. manufactnrer 1818 ....
Barnwell, John. Irish soldier in America 1671 1724
Barnwell, Robert. Am. soldier and statesman... 1762 1814
Barnwell, Robert Woodward. Am. lawyer 1801 1882
Baroccl. Federigo Fiori Italian painter 1628 1612
Baroccio or Barozzio, Giacomo. Ital. architect.. 1508 1673
Baroche, Pierre Jules. French statesman 1802 1870
Baron, Bernard. French engraver 1700 1762
Baron, Michel. Called Boi/ni". French actor 1653 1729
Baron, Pierre. French polemical writer of Eng 1596
Baronio, Cesare. Italian cardinal and writer. . .. 1538 1607
Baroyyo, Jacopo. Famous Italian architect 1507 1573
Barr, Amelia Edith. Eng. educ r and authoress. 1831 ....
Barracand, Leon Henri. French poet, novelist.. 1844 . .
Barragan, Miguel. Mex. geneial and president.. 1789 1835
Barral, L'''on. French explorer 1848 1886
Barran, ThiJophile. French sculptor 1848 . .
Barras, Charles M. .\ctor and dramatist in Am.. 1826 1873
Barras, (le, Louis. Count. French naval officer 1800
Barras, de, Paul F.J. N. Count. Fr. revolutionist 1755 1829
Barraza, Jose L. Mexican Jesui' and statesmim. 1787 1843
Barre, de la, AutoineJoseph L. Fr. naval officer. 1625 1688
Barre, de la, Autolne le FOvre. Fr naval officer 1688
Barre, de la, J. F. LeF. Chev, Fr. vic.rel. int.. 1747 1766
Barre, Colonel Isaac. British oiiicer 17'26 1802
Barreda, Gabino. Mexican phys. and writer — 1820 1881
Barrelier. JaC(|Ues. French botanist 1606 1673
Barreto. Francisco. Port. miss, and .lesult 1613 1663
Barrett, Benj. F. .Am. Swedenb. clergy 1808 ....
Barrett, Edward. American naval officrr 1828 1880
Barrett, Geo. Hooker. Eng. comedian in Amer. 1794 1860
Barrett, John. Irish classical scholar 1753 1821
Barrett, Law. Lawrence Bramiigaii, Am. actoi 1838 1891
B A K R E T T — B A X T E R
1689
BORN- DIED
Barrett, Wilson. English acnr IMO ..,.
Earriere, Jeau Frauvois. Fr. historical writer.. . ITsci 18f..'<
Earriere, Thoodore. French dramatist 1S23 1877
Barrili, Anton Giulio Italian writer 1836 .. .
Barringei, Daniel Moreau. Am. pol. and 2. > ... 1807 IS73
Barriger John Walker. American soldier "n^J .. .
Barrlngton, Geo. Irish pickpocket and w-'ter.. 17»
Barrington Hon. Daines. Eug. nat. and jurist 1800
Barrlngton Jonah. Sir. Irish lawver 1760 lt<84
Barrios, Gerardo. President of Salv.idor 1865
Barrios, .Tusto Rufino. Gen, Amer. ^.e^esman... 18o5 1885
Barritt, Frances Fuller. American poetess 1826 ...
Barroeta, y, A. P. A. Sp. prelate and benefactor. 1700 1775
Barron, James. American commodore 1769 1851
Barron Samuel. American naval officer 1763 1810
Barron, Samuel. American uaval officer 1802
Barros, de, Joao. Tlw Portugui-sf Livy 1496 1.570
Barrel, Camille H. o. French statesman nui 1873
Barrow, Alexander. Am. lawyer, statesman 3801 1846
Barrow Isaac. Kug. theologian, mathematician. 1630 1677
Barrow, John, Sir. Eng. traveler, geographer 1'764 1848
Barrow, W, Am, lawyer and statesman 1817 1866
Barrow, Frances K, American authoress 1822
Barrows, Elijah P Am, Preshy. clergyman 1817
Barrows, W. Am. educator, civil engineer 1806 1868
Barrundia Jose F, Statesman of Honduras 1779 1854
Barry Charles, Sir, English architect 1795 1860
Barry. D. Sir. Irish physician and physiologist. . 1780 1835
Barryi Henry W, American soldier, . '. 1875
Barry, James, Irish historical painter 1741 1806
Barry. John, Irish naval officer iu America 1745 1803
Barryi John, Irish R, C. bishop in America 1799 1839
Barry John S. American statesman 1802 1870
Barry, John S. Am. Univers, clergyman, author, 1819 1872
Barry, Martin, Eng, physician and writer 1802 1855
Barry, Patrick, Irish horticulturist in America, 1816
Barry, William. American author 1805 1885
Barry, William Farquhar, Am, soldier 1818 1879
Barry, \\illiani Taylor, Am, statesman 1735 18;!o
Barry, William Taylor Sullivan. Am. soldier 1821 1868
Barry, du Marie J, G,, de V, Countess 1746 1793
Barrymore, William American actor 1847
Barstow, William A, Am. soldier and statesman 1811 1865
Barstow, Zedekiah Smith, Am, educator 1790 1873
Bart, Jean, Daring French naval officer. .. 1702
Bartas, du Guillaume de Sailuste. French poet. 1544 l,i90
Barth^ Heinrich. German explorer 1821 1865
Barthelemy, Auguste Marseille. Fr. satiric poet. 1796 1867
Rarthelemy Saint-HUaire, Jules. French savant 1S05
Barthez "rBarthfes, Paul Joseph. Fr.med. writer 1734 1806
Bartholdi, Frc-dciic .\uguste, French sculptor... 18:.>4 ...
Bartholin or Bartholinus, Thos. Danish writer. 1616 16S0
Bartholin, Casper, Swedish medical writer 15so 1629
Bartholomew, Edward Sheffield, Am, sculptor. . l.'<22 1858
Bartholow, Roberts. Am. phys. and educator 1^S31 ....
Bartlett, Edwin Julius, Am,*phys, and educator 1851
Bartlett Elisha. Am, physician and educator... 1S05 1855
Bartlett, Ellis A, Am, statesman and athlete
Bartlett, Ichabod, .\m, sold, law, statesman. ,,, 1786 1853
Bartlett, John, Am, publisher and author 1830 ,...
Bartlett, John Russell. American writer 1805 1886
Bartlett, J. S. Eng. journalist, diplomat in Km. 1790 1863
Bartlett, Joseph. American adventurer 1762 1827
Bartlett, Joseph J. American soldier, diplomat. 1820 ....
Bartlett, Josiah, Dr. American patriot 1729 1795
Bartlett, Samuel C. American educator 1817 ....
Bartlett, Washington A, California official 1820 1871
Bartlett William, American philanthropist 1748 1841
Bartlett. Wm, F, American soldier and orator., 1840 1876
Bartlett, Wm, H, Eng, artist, traveler, writer... 1809 1854
Bartlett, Wm, H. C. American scientific writer. 1809
Bartlett Wm, L, A, B. C. American journalist.. 1851
Bartlett Wm. Pitt G. Am. mathematician 1837 1865
Bartley, Klias Henderson. Am, chemist 1829
Bartley, Mordecai, American statesman 1783 1870
Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, Amer, Unit, clergy 1813 ....
Bartolaclie, Jose Ignacio, Mex, mathematician, 1739 1790
Bartoli, Adolfo. Italiauauthor 1833
Bartoli, Danielle, Itilian Jesuit 1608 1685
Bartoli, Pietro Santo, Italian etcher and ptr,., 1635 1700
Bartoli Taddeo, Italian painter 1,362 1422
Bartolini, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor 1777? 1850
Bartoloccl,Giulio, Italian scholar 1613 1687
Bartolozzi, Francesco, Italian engraver 1727 1815
Barton, Andrew, Scotch naval commander 1511
Barton, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist,. 1766 \^\h
Barton, Bernard, English poet 1784 1849
Barton, Clara, American philanthropist 1830?
Barton, David .\merican statesman 178.5 18.37
Barton, Elizabeth. English fanatic 1506? 1534
Barton, Thomas, Irish P, E, clergvman in Am,, 1730 1780
Barton, Thomas Pennant. Am, diplomat 1803 1869
Barton, William Paul Crillon, Am. physician 1786 1856
Bartram, John, American botanist 1699 1777
Bartram, William, Am, botanist and author,,. 1739 1823
Bartsch, Johaun, (German engraver 17.57 1821
Barye, .\utoine Louis. French sculptor 1795 1875
Baschet, .\rmaud. French historian 1829 1886
Baschi "r Bassi. Italian monk 1600? 1.552
BORN DIE!
Bascom. Henry Bidleman, D. D. Am. divine 1796 1850
Bascom, John, ,\m. educator and author 1827 ....
Basedow, Johann Beruhard, Ger, educationist . 1723 1790
Bashford, Coles. .4m. lawyer and statesman 1816 187S
Bashtirtseff, Marie. Ru. artist and writer 1860? 1884i
Basil "--Basilius, St. Thr Great. Bp. Cajsarea... 329 379
Basiliscus. Emperor oJ the East 477
Baskerville, John. Eng, letter founder and prin'i 1706 1775
Basnage de Beauval, Jacques, Fr, writer, hisfn 1653 1722
Bass, Ed\vard, .\merican P,E, bishop 1726 1803
Bass, .Michael Thomas, Eng, brewer, philanth'op 1799 1884
Bassano, II, Real name Jacopo da Ponte. Ital, ptr. 1510 1592
Bassanville. deAuais Lebruu, Countess. Fr,auth. 1805 1884
Bassett, Ebenezer lion Carlos, Am. educator 1833
Bassettj-James. Canadian Preshy. clergyman... 1834
Bassett. Richard, Am, jurist and statesman — 1815
Bassi, Laura Maria Cateriua, Ital, authoress 1711 1778
Bassini, Carlo, Ital. mus. and comp. in Am 1812 1870
Bassompierre, de, Francois. Baron. Marshal of Fr 1579 1646
Bast, Fnedrich Jakob, tier, schol. and dipl'matist 1772 Isll
Bastian, Adolf, tier, traveler and anthropologist 1826
Bastian, Henry Charlton. English phvsiologist... 1837
Bastian, Philipp Wilhelm Adolf, Ger,' ethnologist 1826
Bastianini, Giovanni, Italian sculptor 1868
Bastiat, Frederic, French political economist. .. 1801 1850
Bastidas, de Rodriguez. Explorer iu Cent. Am., 1460
Bastlde John H, Eng, soldier and engineer 1710
Bastide. Jules, French journalist, politician 1800? ...
Batchelder, John P. Am. physician, educator... 1784 1868
Batchelder, Sam. Am. manufacturer, inventor., 17.S4 1879
Bateman, Ephralm, Am. statesman. physician 1770 1829
Bateman, Kate Josephine, American actress 1842
Bateman, Newcon, American educator 1822
Bates, Arlo, American writer 1850 ,..,
Bates, B, Eng, clergyman, journalist in Am 1785 1853
Bates Charlotte F. American authoress 1838
Bates, David, American author 1810 1870
Bates. David S. Am. engineer and surveyor 1777 1839
Bates, Dewey. American artist 1851 ....
Bates, Edward. American stateman 1793 1869
Bates, Frederick. Am, jurist and statesman
Bates, Henry W alter. English naturalist 1825 ,...
Bates, IsaacC. Am. lawyer and statesman 1780 1845
Bates, Isaac Chapman, Jr. Am. merchant 3817 1875
Bates. Joshua. Am. clerg. edu. and writer 1776 1854
Bates, Joshua. .\m. financier in Lon, and ph 1788 1864
Bates, Joshua H. Am. lawyer and soldier. ...... 1817
Bates, Martin. Am. lawyer and statesman,, 1787 1869
Bates, Samuel Pennimau. Am. edu. and author.. 1827
Bathori, Elizabeth. Polish countess 1614
Bathori, Stephen. King of Poland 3533 1586
Bathurst, Allen, first earl. English statesman... 16.S4 1775
Bathurst, Ralph. Eng. poet, philos. and theol... 3620 3704
Batlle, Lorenzo. President of Uruguay 1812 ....
Batoni, Porapeo Girolamo. Italian painter 1708 1786
Battelle, Gordon. Am. II. E. cl. and statesman.. 1814 1862
Battershall, Jesse Park. American chemist 1851 ...,
Batteux, Charles. French critic 1713 1780
Battey, Rol'ert. Am.phy. surg. and writer 1.S28 ...
Batthyanyi. Lajos, Count. Hungarian patriot... 1806 1849
Battle William Horn. Am. jurist and educator.. 1802 1879
Baudelocque, Jean Louis. French surgeon.. ... 1746 1810
Baudin des Ardennes, Charles. Fr. vice .idmiral 1784 1842
Baudissin, W. H. F. K. Count. German author.. 17.S9 1878
Baudrillart, Henri Joseph Leon, Fr, economist, 1821 ,...
Baudry, Paul, J. A. French painter 1828 1886
Bauer, Bruno. German rationalist author 3809 1882
Bauer, Caroline. German actress 3807 1878
Bauer, Clara. Karl Drtle/. German authoress.. . 3836 3876
Bauer, Ferdinand Lukas. Ger. botanical painter. 3760 3826
Bauer, George Lorenz. Ger. linguist and theol'n. 17.55 1806
Bauer, Johan. Swedish general 3.')95 1641
Bauerj Wilhelm. German inventor I.s22 1875
Bauerle, Adolph. German humorous writer 1786 1869
Bauernfeld, von, Edward. German dramatist... 1802
Baugher, Henry L. .\merican educator 1805 1868
Bauhin, Gaspard. French anatomist, naturalist. 1560 1624
Bauhln, Jean. French botanist and physician.. 1.541 1613
Baum, Friederich. .\nierican soldier 1777 —
Baume Antoine. French chemist 1728 1804
Baumei de la, Nicolas Auguste. Fr. Marshal 1645 1716
Baumgarten, Hermann. German historian 1825 —
Baumgarten, Michael. German theologian 181-
Baumgartner, von, Andreas. German savant... 1793 1865
Baumgartner, Gallus Jacob. Swiss politician,. 1797 1869
Baumgartner, Karl Heinrich. Ger. physiologist 1798 —
Baur, Ferdinand Christian. Ger. protestant 1792 1860
Baur, George Lawrence. German theologian 17.55 1806
Bavaria, Ludwig, Carl August (Louis I.), ex-king 1786 1868
Bausa or Bauza, Felipe. Spanish navigator 3760 3833
Bausset, de Louis Francois. Fr. cardinal, writer. 3748 3824
Bautaln. Louis Eugi-ne Marie. Fr. theologian... 3796 3867
Bautista, JosO. Mexican monk and author
Bautista, Juan. Mexican linguist and author 35.55 3632
Bawr, de A. S. G. dec. French novelist 3777 1861
Baxter, Elisha. American soldier and statesman 1827
Baxter, John. American jurist 1866
Baxter, Henrv. American soldier and diplomat. 1821 1873
Baxter, Lydla. American poetess 1809 1874
1690
B A X T E R — B E E C H E R
BOKN DIED
Baxter, Richard. English nonconform, divine. . 1615 1691
Baxter, Wm. Eng. clergyman, author in Am 1823
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Bayancouri, de, Cusar, Baron. French historian. 1810 1865
Bayard, Geo. Dashiell. American soldier 1835 1862
Bayard, James Asheton. American statesman... 1767 1815
Bayard, Jas. Asheton. Am. hxwyerand statesman. 1799 1880
Bayard, Jean Franfois Alfred. French lit 1796 1853
Bayard, John. Am. jurist, statesman and patriot 1738 1807
Bayard, Nicholas. Dutch Colonial oflicial in Am. 1644 1707
Bayard, de, Pierre du Terrail. French warrior . 1173 1524
Bayard, Richard Henry. Am. lawy'r and statsni. 1796 1868
Bayard, Samuel. Am. jurist, statsm'n and writer. 1767 1840
Bayard, Thos. Francis. Am. Sec. of State 1828
Bayard, William. American merchant 1729 1804
Bayazid, or Bajazet I, Sultan of the Ottomans.. 1347 1402
Bayer, August von. German pjainter 1803 1875
Bayer Francisco Perez. Spanish antiiiuary. ... . 1711 1794
Bayer, Gottlieb Siegfried. German orientalist. . . 1694 1738
Bayer, Hieroninius John Paul von. Germ, jurist 1792 1876
Bayer, Johann. Germ, astronomical chart maker 1572? 1660
Bayeux, George. French jurist and writer 1752 1792
Bayfield, Henry Wolsey. English naval officer . 1885
Bayin, Autoine Pierre Ernest. Fr. dermatologist 1807 ....
Bayin, A. P. L. Fr. writer and Chinese translator 1799 1863
Bayle, Gaspard Laurent. French pthysiciau 1774 1816
Bayle, Pierre. French philosopher and critic. .. 1647 1706
Bayles, Jas. C. Am. jouru.. lecturer and author.. 1845 ....
Bayley, John, Sir. English judge 1763 1841
Bayley, Jas. Roosevelt. American archbishop... 1814 1877
Bayley, Jas. R. Am. R. C. archbishop and author 1S14 1877
Bayley, Richard. Am. physician and educator.. . 1745 1801
Baylies, Frauds. Am. lawyer, states'n and auth. 1783 1852
Baylies, Nicholas. American jurist and writer . . 1772 1847
Baylies, Wm. American physician and statesman 1743 1826
Baylor, Frances Courtenay. Am. authoress 1848 ....
Baylor, George. American soldier 1752 1784
Baylor, R. E. B. Am. jurist, statesman and ben.. 1793 1874
Bayly, Lewis. Welsh bishop and writer 1632
Bayly, Thos. Son of Lewis. Welsh writer. Lived in 17th c.
Bayly, Thos. H. Eng. song-writer and author 1797 1839
Bayne, Peter. Scotch writer 1830
Baynes, Thos. Spencer. English author and edit. 1823 1SS7
Baynam, William. ,\m. surgeon and anatomist.. 1749 1S14
Bayne, Herbert .\. Nova Scotian edu. and sci 1846 1886
Bayne, John, scotch Prcsby. clerg. in Can 1806 1859
Bayne, Peter. Scotch writer and editor 1830
Baynes, Edward, English soldier 1829
Bazaine, Franfois .ichille. French general 1811 1888
Bazard, Amand. French socialist 1791 18.32
Bazhenof, Vasili Ivauovitch. Russian architect. 1737 1799
Bazin, Antoine Pierre Louis. French philologist. 1799 1863
Bazin, John A. French R. C. bishop in America.. 1796 1847
Beach, Abraham, .\merican P. E. clergyman 1740 1828
Beacll, Henry Harris Aubrey. Am. phys. and wr. 1843 ....
Beach, Moses Yale. Am. inventor and 'journalist. 1800 186S
Beacll, William Augustus. American lawyer 1809 1884
Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli. Earl of 1805 1881
Beadle, William Henry Harrison. ,\m. soldier. . . 1838 ....
Beakman, Daniel Frederick. American soldier. . 1760 1869
Beal, Foster Ellenborough Lascelles. Am.nat'rlst 1840
Beal, George Lafayette. American soldier 1825
Beal, William Janies. Am. botanist and educator. 1833
Beale, .\brahani. Eug. philanthropist in America 1803 1872
Beale, Edward Fitzgerald. Am sold'r and diplo'st 1822
Beale, Lionel Smith. English medical writer. .. . 1Sl'8 ....
Beale, Richard L. T. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1819 ....
Beall, Benjamin Lloyd. American soldier 1800 1863
Beall, John Young. .American guerilla 1885 1865
Beall, Reazin. Am. soldier and Congressman 1770 1843
Beall, Samuel Woottou. Am. lawv'r andstat'mn. 1807 1868
Beall, William Dent. American soldier 1755 1829
Beard, Daniel. American artist and author
Beard, Frank. Am. artist lecturer and educator
Beard, George Miller. Am. physician and writer 1839 1883
Beard, James Henry. American artist 1814
Beard, Richard. Am. educator and author 1799 1880
Beard, William Holbrook. American artist 1825
Beardsley, Arthur. Am. engineer and educator. 1843
Beardsley, Eben Edwards. Am. P. E. clergyman 1808
Beardsley, John. CI. and loyalist in Canada 1730 1810
Beardsley, Levi. Am. lawyer and statesman 1785 1857
Beardsley, Samuel. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1790 1860
Beardsley, Samuel Raymond. Amer. lawyer 1814 1863
Beasley, Frederick. Am. P, E. CI. and educator 1777 1845
Beaseley, Nathaniel. Am. pioneer and soldier. . . 1751 1835
Beaton, •"■ Bethune, D. Cardinal of Scotland... 1494 1546
Beatrice f-5rtinari. Florence lady 1266 1290
Beattie, James. Scotch poet and writer 1735 1803
Beatty, or Beattle, Erknius. American soldier.. 1759 1823
Beatty, Chas. Irish Presby. clerg. and miss 1715 1772
Beatty, J. Am. physician.'soldier, statesman. . .. 1749 1826
Beatty, J. Am. soldier, statesman, author 1828
Beatty, Samuel. American soldier 1820 1885
Beauchamp, de, R. Earl of Warwick. Eng. gen.. 1382 1439
Beauchamp, de. R. Eng. prelate. B'p Salisbury. 1430? 1481
Beauchamp, Wm. Am. M. E. clerg., journalist. . 1772 1824
Beauchamps, Joseph. French astronomer 1752 1801
Beauclerk, Topham. Eng. scholar 1789 1780
BOE.N DIED
Beaucourt, de, G. L. E. Du F. Fr. historian 1833
Beaufort, Henry. Eng. card. B'p of Winchester 1377 1447
Beaufort, H. S.. Duke of. Soldier in Benin, war. . 1792 1864
Beaugrand, H. Canadian journalist and mayor. 1848 ...
Beauharnais, de, A. V. French soldier. .. . 1760 1794
Beauharnais, de, Eugene. Viceroy of Italv .' 1781 1824
Beauharnais, de, H. E. Wife Louis Bonaparte. 1783 1837
Beaujour, de, Louis Felix. Diplomat in Am 1765 1836
Beaumanoir, de, Philippe. French jurist 1226? 1295
Beaumarchais, de, Pierre Angustin Caron. Fr.wrl 1732 1799
Beaumelle, de la, Laurent Angliviel. Fr. writer. 1727 1773
Beaumont, Basil. English rear admiral 1669 1703
Beaumont, Francis. English dramatic poet 1586 1615
Beaumont, Jean B. French geologist 1798 1874
Beaumont, John C. American naval officer 1821 1882
Beaumont, William. American physician 1796 1833
Beaumont de la Bonniere, de, Gustave Auguste. 1802 1866
Beauplan, de, Gnillatime le Vasseur. Fr. geogr 1670?
Beauregard, Chas. Victor. Wviraard. Fr. general 1764 1810
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Tou'tant. Am. gen'l. . 1818
Beaurepaire-Rohan, de, Henri. Fr. explorer. ... 1818
Beausohre, de, Isaac. Fr. Protestant theologian. 1659 1738
Beautemps-Beaupre, Chas. Franfois. Fr. hydro. 1766 1854
Beauvais, Chns. Thi?odore. Fr. gen'l and writer. 1772 1830
Beauvau, de, Charles Juste. Marshal of France. 1720 1793-
Beauveni, Chas. Joseph. Fr. landscape painter. . 1839
Beaver, James.iddams. American soldier 1837
Bebian, Roch .\mbroise Auguste. W. Indian edu 1789 1834
Beccafumi, Domenico Ital. painter and sculp'r. 1484 1549
Beccari, Glacomo Bartolommeo. Ital. physician. 1682 1766
Beccari, Odvardo. Italian naturalist 1^8 ....
Beccaria, di, Cesare Bonesana, Marquis. Ital. phil 1738 1794
Becerra, Diego. Spanish navigator 1533
Becerra. Gasparo. Spanish painter and sculptor 1520 1570
Becerra y Bermudez, Manuel. Spanish statesm'n 1823
Becher, Johann Joachim. German chemist 1635 1685
Bechler. John Christian. Rnss. Moravian bishop 1784 1857
Bechstein, Johann Matthiius. Ger. ornithologist 1757 1822
Beck. Chas. Ger. educatorandstatesm'n in Am.. 1798 1866
Beck, Christian Daniel. Ge.rman philologist 1757 1832
Beck, George. Eng. artist, educ. and poet in Am. 1749 1812
Beck, James Burnie. Scottish lawyer in Am 1822 1890
Beck, John Brodhead. Am. phys. and author 1794 1851
Beck, Lewis Caleb. Am. phys.. edu. and author.. 1798 1853
Beck, Paul. American philanthropist 1760 1844
Beck, Theodoric R. Am. physician and author.. . 1791 18,55
Becker, Christiane Louise A. German actress ... 1778 1797
Becker, Geo. F. Am.geologist.educa'r aud auth. 1847 ....
Becker, Gottfried Wilhelm. German author... . 1778 1854
Becker, Karl Ferdin'd. Germ, musical composer 1804 ....?
Becker, Rtidolf Zacharias. German tale writer.. 1753 1813
Becker, Thomas A. Am. R. C. bishop and writer. 1832
Becket, Thomas a. Archbishop of Canterbury. . . 1117 1170
Beckford, William. English author 1759 1844
Beckford, Wm. W. West Indian planter 1709 1770
Beckwith, Amos. American soldier 1830 ...
Beckwith, Edward Griffin, -\merican soldier. . .. 1818 1881
Beckwith, Geo. C. Cong, clergy, and writer 1800 1870
Beckwith, George, Sir. English soldier 1753 1823
Beckwith, Jas. Carroll. American artist 1852
Beckwith, John Watrus. .-im. P. E. bishop 1831 1890
Beckwith, John Charles. Major-general 1790 1862
Beckwourth, James P. American pioneer 1800 1867
BecqdeFouquieres. Louis Aimt-Victor-Fr. writer 1831 —
Becquerel, Alexaudre Edmond. Fr. phvsicist.. 1820 ....
Becquerel, A. C. Fathn- of Alerandrc. Fr. elec. . 1788 1878
Bedard, Pierre. Canadian jurist 1763 1827
Beddoes, Thomas. Eng. physician and chemist. . 1760 1808
Bede, ')r Baeda. Eng. monk and eccles. hist 67'2? 735
Bedeau, Marie Alphonse. French general 180t 1863
Bedel, John. American soldier and statesman. . . 1822 1875
Bedel, Timothy. .American soldier 1740 1787
Bedell, Gregory Townsend. American divine 1793 1S34
Bedell, Ciregory Thurston. Amer. P. E. bishop. . . 1817 —
Bedford, Gunning. Am. patriot and statesman. . 1730 1797
Bedford, Gunning. Jr. Am. jurist and statesman 1747 1812
Bedford, Gunning. S. .\m. phys. edu. and author 1806 1870
Bedford, Henry Sloore. .\merican physician. . . — 1880
Bedford, John Plan tagenet.Dk. of. Regentof Fr.. 1390? 1436
Bedinger, George Michael. Am. soldier, statesm. 17.50 1830
Bedinger, Henry. Am. lawyer, statesm, and dip. 1810 1858
Bedle, Joseph D. Am. jurist and governor.. 1831 —
Bedon, Peter S. American R. C. cler. and artist — 15G1
Bedos, de Cellos, Don Jean F. Benedictine monk 1714 1797
Bee, Bernard E. American soldier. 1823 1861
Bee, Henry Jubilee. English pioneer 1810 —
Bee, Thomas. Am. patriot, jurist and statesman. 1729 —
Beebe, Bezaleel. American soldier and statesman 1741 1824
Beebe, Ebenezer. American soldier 1812
Beecher, Catherine E. Sistfr Henri) W. Am. auth. 1800 1878
Beecher, Chas. Am. Cong, cler., mus. and author 1815
Beecher, Edw. Am. Cong, cler., jour, and author 1803
Beecher, E. W. Am. auth. and w. of Henry W. . 1812
Beecher, Frederick Henry. American soldier — 1841 1868
Beecher, Henry Ward. Am. pulpit orator and lee 1813 1887
Beecher, James. C. Am. Cong, clerg. and soldier 1828 1886
Beecher, Lyman. Fa'r Henry 11'. Am. pre. and theo 1775 1863
Beecher, Thomas K. Amer. cler., edu and author 1824 ....
Beecher, William Henry. Am. clergyman 1802 —
i
BEECHEY — BERENDT
1691
BORN DIED
Beecliey, Frederick Wm. Eng. nav. andnatur . . 17% 1856
Beek, David. Dutch portrait paiuter 1621 1666
Beeker, Immanuel. Ger. philologist and author. 1785 187!
Beekman, Gerardus. Phys.aud col. gov. in Am 1728
Beekman, James William. American statesman. 1815 1877
Beer, de, Taco Hajo. Dutch author 1830
Beers Ethel Lyun. American authoress 1827 1879
Beers, Heury Augustin. American author 1W7
Beerski, de, John, Count. Russian officer, painter 1798? 1868
Beest, Albert van. Dutch artist in America 1820 1860
Beethoven, van, Ludwig. Prussianmus.com... 1770 1827
B6gon, Michel. French antiquary 1638 1710
Behaim, or Behem, Martin, Ger. nav. and geog. . 1459? 1506
Beliam, Hans Sebald. Ger. painter and engraver. 1500 1550
Belim, Dr. Ernst. German geographer 1830 1884
Behn, Aphra. Mrs. Eng. dramatist, nov. and poet. 1640 1689
Behnes, William, English sculptor 1800? 1864
Behr, \\ilhelm Josef, German publicist 1775 1851
Belirena, Bertha. Wilhdmine Hcinhurti. Ger, nov. 1850
Behrens, James, Ger. nat. and scientist in Am.. 1824
Beissel, Johann Conrad. Ger. founder in Am 1690 1768
Bek Anthony, Bishop of Durham 1311
Beke, Charles Tilstone. Eng. traveler and auth.. 1800 1874
Bekker, Elizabeth. Dutch novelist and poetess. . 1738 1804
Belauger, Solomen. Canadian navigator 1863
Belcher, Andrew. Member of the council in Eng
Belcher, Edward, Sir. Eujr. nav. officer and ex... 1799 1877
Belcher, Jonathan. American colonial governor. 1681 1757
Belcher, Jonathan, Am. jurist in England 1710 1776
Belcher, Joseph. Eng. Baptist clergy, in Am 1794 1859
Belden, Josiah, Am, pio, first mayor of San Jos^, 1815
Belgiojoso, C, T,, Princess of. It. patriot, writer. 1808 1871
Belgrano, Manuel. South American patriot 1820
Belidor, de, Bernard Forest. Fr.engmeer, writer 1693 1761
Belin, de Fontenay. French painter 1654 1715
Belisarlus. Roman general 505? 565
Beljame, Alexandre, French writer 1842 , ,
Belknap, George Eugene. Am. naval officer 1832
Belknap, Jeremy. Am. historian and clergyman. 1744 1798
Belknap, William Goldsmith. Am.soldiar 1794 1851
Belknap, Wm. Worth. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1829 1890
Bell, Alexander Graham. Scot, inventor in Am.. 1847
Bell, A. M. Scot, educ'r, inventor, author in Can 1X19
Bell, Andrew. Scottish educationist 17.53 1832
Bell, Charles, Sir. Brit, anatomist, physiologist. . 1774 1842
Bell, Charles H. American naval officer 1798 1875
Bell, C. H. Am. lawyer, statesman, governor 1823
Bell, Clark. Am. lawyer, journalist, author 1832
Bell, George. American soldier 1832
Bell, H. H. American naval officer 1808 i868
Bell, Hiram P. Am. lawyer, statesman, soldier.. 1827 . ..
Bell, James. American lawyer and statesman 1801 1857
Bell, John. American physician and journalist. . 1800 1830
Bell, John, Irish phys. lecturer, educator, auth. . 1796 1872
Bell, John. American statesman 1797 1869
Bell, John, of Edinburgh. Surgical writer 1763 1820
Bell, Louis. American soldier 1836 1865
Bell, Luther V. Am. physician, statesman, writer 1806 1862
Bell, Robert. British journalist, miscel. writer, . 1800 1867
Bell, Robert. Canadian geologist and writer 1841
Bell, S. Am. lawyer, statesman and governor 1770 1850
Bell, Sam. D. American jurist and statesman 1798 1868
Bell, Sam. N. American lawyer and statesman... 1829
Bell, Sir Isaac Lowthian, F. R. S.. D. C. L 1816
Bell, Smith F.M. English artist in Canada 1846 ....
Bell. Thomas. English naturalist 1792 1880
Bella della, Stefano. Italian etcher in copper. .. 1610 1664
Bellamont, R. C, Earl of. Eng. gov. of N. Y 1636 1701
Bellamy. Edward. American author 1860
Bellamy, Emily Whitfield. .American authoress. 1839
Bellamy, George Anne. English actress 1727 1788
Bellamy, Jacobus. Dutch poet 1757 1786
Bellamy, Joseph. American divine and writer. . 1719 1790
Bellarmino, R. Ital. card, and controversialist-. 1542 1621
Bellay, du, Joachim. French poet 1524 1560
Belleisle, de, C. L. A. F., Due. Marshal of France 1684 1761
Bellenden, Wm. Scottish Ciceronian scholar 1550? 1633?
Bellerose, Jos. H. Canadian statesman, soldier, 1820
Belliard, Augustin D., Count. Fr. gen. and dipl. 1769 1832
Bellingham, Richard. Colonial gov. of Mass 1.592 1672
Bellini, Giovanni. Venetian painter 1426? 1516
Bellini, Vincenzo. Sicilian musical composer... 1802 ia35
Bellman, Carl Michael. Swedish poet 1740 1795
Bellmare, R. Canadian educator, journalist.. .. 1821
BeUo, Andres. Venezuelan author 1780 1865
BeUoguet, de. Baron Roget. Archeologist. auth 1872
Bellomont or Bellamont, R. C, Earl of. Col. gov 16.36 1701
Bellot, Joseph RenL>. French arctic navigator, , . 1826 1853
Bellows, Albert F. American artist 1829 1883
Bellows, Benjamin. American statesman 1740 1802
Bellows, Henry A. Amer. jurist and benefactor. . 1803 1873
Bellows, Henry Whitney. Am. Unitarian divine. 1814 1882
Belmont, August. Ger. diplomat and financier, . 1816 1890
Belmoute de, F. V. Fr. missionary, auth. in Can 1732
Belon, Pierre. French naturalist and traveler,.. 1517? 1594
Belot. Adolphe. French dramatist and novelist, 1S29 1890
Belsham, Thomas. Eng. Unit, divine and writer 1750 1829
Belton. Francis S. American soldier 1790 1861
Beltram, de, Santa Rosa, F. P. Mex. educator
„ , BORN DIED
Beltrami, Giacomo C. Ital. explorer and author 1779 1855
Beltuzhei-Riumln, A. P., Count. Ru. dipl't 1693 1766
Belvedere, -Vudrea. Italian painter 1646 1732
Belzoni, Giovanni B. Ital. traveler and explorer 1778? 1«23
Bern, Juzef. Polish general and Turkish pasha... 1795 1850
Beman, Nathauiel S. S. Am. Pres. CI. and writer 1785 1871
Bembo, Pietro. Italian cardinal and writer 1470 1547
Bemiss, Samuel M. Am. phys. educ'r and writer. 1821
Benade, Andrew. S. Moray, bishop and educator 1769 1859
Beuavente, Ben. B. Sp. R. C. bishop and educat. . . 1652
Benavides, Alfonso, or Alonsode. Sp. Fran, friar
Benavides, y, de la Cueva Diego. Sp. soldier I6OO i666
Benhow, John. English admiral 160O 1702
Benda, Georg. Pianist, violinist and composer .. 1721 1795
Bendemann, Eduard. German artist I8II . .,?
Benedek, von, Ludwig. Austrian general .1804 1881
Benedetti, Giovanni Battista. It. mathematician .. .. 1590
Benedetti, Vincent. French diplomatist 1817
Benedict XrV. Card. Prospero Lambertini. Pope 1675 1758
Benedict, David. Am. Bapt. clergv'n and author, 1779 1874
Benedict, E. C. Am. lawyer, educator and writer 1800 1880
Benedict, Geo. G. Am. soldier, states'n and auth. 1826
Benedict, G. W. Am. educator, jour, and states'n 1796 1871
Benedict, Julius, Sir. Germ, composer in Engl'd 1804 1885
Benedict, Lewis. American lawyer and soldier 1817 1864
Benedict, St. It. founder of the Benedlct'e order 4.so 543
Benedix, Julius R. Germ, actor and plav writer I8II 1873
Beneke, Friedrich Eduard. German philosopher 1798 1854
Benet, Stephen Vin, Am, soldier, edu, and author 1827
Benezet, Anthony. French philanthropist 1713 1784
Benfey, Theodor. Ger. linguist and orientalist 1809 1881
Beuger, Elizabeth Ogilvy.Miss. Eng. authoress, 1778 1827
Benham, Henry W. Am. soldier, eng. and inven 1817 1884
Benham, William. Eng. clergyman and author.. 1831
Beniowsky, Moritz A., Count. Hung, adventurer 1741 1786
Benito, Fray Marc. Span, missionary and author
Benivieni, Geronimo. Florentine poet 1463? isij
Benjamin, Geo. Eng. statesman and jour, in Can 1799 1864
Benjamin, John F. Am. soldier, lawyer and stats 1817 1877
Benjamin, Judah P. West, Ind. law. stats, in Am. 1811 1884
Benjamin, Mary G. W. Am. translator and author 1814 1871
Benjamin, Nathan. Am. miss., diplomat and jour 1811 1855
Benjamin, Park. American poet and journalist.. 1809 1864
Benjamin, Park. Am. nav. offi., lawyer, author,,. 1849
Benjamin, Sam. G. W. Grecian diplomat and au 1837
Benjamin, Samuel N. Am. soldier and educator 1.839 isss
Benner, Phil. Am. iron-maker, stats., bene, and s 1762 1832
Bonnet, Orlando. American wrecker I8I8 1880
Bennet, or Bennett, Richard. Colonial gov. of Va
Bennett, Charles Wesley. Am. edu. jour, and auth 1828 1891
Bennett, de Robigne Mortimer. Am. freethinker. 1818 1882
Bennett, Emerson. American author 1S22
Bennett, James Gordon. Founder of N. Y. Herald 1795 i872
Bennett, James Gordon Jr. Am. jour, and vachtist 1841
Bennett, Milo Lyman. Amer. jurist and author.. 1790 1868
Bennett. Thomas W. Amer. soldier and statesm. 1831
Bennett, Wm. Sterndale. Sir. Eng. pianist, comp 1816 1875
Bennett, Wm. Zebina. Am. chemist and educator 1856
Bennett, William. Bishop of Cloyne. scholar 1745 1820
Benningsen, Levin Aug. Theoph. Count. Ru. gen 1745 1826
Benoit, Peter Leopold Lt^onard. Belg. mus. comp. 18^
Benoit, Ren^. French theologian 1.521 ieos
Bensel, James Berry. American author.. 1856 1886
Benserade, de, Isaac. French court poet 1612 1691
Benson, Egbert. Amer. jurist, states, and author 1746 1833
Benson, Eugene. American artist and author 18.37
Benson, Henry C. Am. M. E. miss, jour, and auth 1815
Benson, James Rea. Canadian capitalist
Benson, Joseph. Eng. Methodist divine, author. 1'748 1821
Bentham, George. English botanist I8OO 1884
Bentham, Jeremy. English political writer 1748 1832
Bentiuck William. Dutch statesman 1649 1709
Bentinck, W. G. F. C, Lord. English statesman. 1802 1848
Beutivogllo, C. It. cardinal and art patron 1668 1732
Bentley, K. English critic and classical scholar. 1662 1742
Bentley, Robert. English botanist and author... 1821 1871
Bentley, Samuel. English publisher and editor. 1785 1868
Benton, Jacob. Am. lawyer, statesman, soldier.. 1819
Benton, Joel. American author 1832 ....
Benton, J. G. Am.sold'r.ordi'ce officer, inventor 1820 1881
Benton, N, S, Am, lawyer, statesman, soldier 1792 1869
Benton, Thomas Hart, American statesman 1782 1868
Benton, William Plummer. Am. jurist, soldier.. 1828 1867
Bentzon.Th. Real name M. T. Blanc. Fr. auth.. . 1840 ....
Benvenutl, Carlo. It. math, and philosopher 1716 1789
Benvenuti, Pietro. Italian painter, 1769 1844
Benzel, Erik Abp.ofUpsal. Sw. scholar, auth... 1675 1743
Benzoni, Geronimo. Italian voyager 1519?
B6ranger, de, Pierre Jean. French lyric poet. ... 1780 1857
Berard, A.B. Am. post-mistress and authoress.. 1824
B6rard, .\uguste. French surgeon 1802 1846
Bferard, .\uguste Simon Louis. French statesman 1783 1859
Berard, Claudius. Am. educator, linguist, author 1786 1848
B6rard, I'ii-rre Honors. French surgeon 1797 1858
Berardi, Guiseppe. Italian Cardinal-priest 1810 1878
Berbrugger, Louis A. Fr. philologist, author. ... 1801 1869
Berchem "r Berghem, N.P. D'tchl'ds'pe painter 1620 1683
Berchoux, Joseph. French poet 1765 1839
Berendt, Karl Hermann. Ger. expl. inCen. Am.. 1817 1878
1692
BE RENGAR — BIGGS
BORN DIED
Berengarll. Itali.iu count ....... ,_; 9"^
Berengario, Giai-ome. It. surg. and anatomist... Uia: is&u
Berenger de Tours. French ecclesiastic 998 1088
Berenice '-'I- Bernice. Jewish queen 28.' att 7U
Beresford, Wm. L'lirr. Viscount. Brit, general libb 18o4
Beresford, W. C. D., Lord. Eug. naval oflicer — 1S«
Beresford-Hope, Alex. James. Eug. politician. .. 1820 188/
Berg Christian Paulsen. Dauish politician 1829 —
Berg, J. F. West Ind. clerg.,edu., auth. iu Am... 1812 1871
Bergamasco. See Castello, Giovanni Battista
Bergasse, Nicolas. French jurist and writer 1750 1S32
Berge, von, Joachim. German diplomatist lo2t) 1602
Bergen, Fannv Dickerson. American educator. . 1846 —
Bergen, Joseph Y. Jr. Amer. educator and author 1851
Bergenrott. Gustav Adolf. Historian 1813 1869
Berger, Jean Jacques. French senator 1790 lbo9
Berger, LudwiK. German musical composer 1777 18o9
Bergerac, de, S. C. , Fr. dramatist and duelist — 1620 1655
Bergerat, Auguste Emile. French litterateur — 1845 ....
Bergh, Henrv. American philanthropist 1823 1888
Berghaus, Heinrich. German geographer 1797 1884
Berghem, Nicholas. Dutch painter 1621 1683
Bergln, Darby Canadian physician and soldrer. 1826 _^^
Bergler Joseph. German historical painter lio3 i»«
Bergman, Torbern Olof. Swed. cheni. aud uatur 1736 1784
Bergmann, Carl. Sax. mus. composer and cond. 1821 1876
Bergonrotll, Gustav Adolf. Prus-Eng. historian 1813 1869
Bergsoe, Jorgen Vilhelm. Dan. uat. and novelist 183.-1 ....
Bering, Vitus. Danish navigator and explorer. .. loai 1/41
Beriot, de, Charles Auguste. Belgian violinist.. 1802 1870
Beristain, Joaquin. Mex. musical composer — 1817 1839
Berlstain, Mariano. Mex. educator and author. . 17.* 1817
Berlieley, George. Irish metaphysician 1684 1753
Berkeley, William, Sir. Royal gov. of Virginia. . . 1610? 1677
Berlichlngen, von Gottfried or Gotz. Ger. warrior 1480 lob2
Berliner Emile. Ger, inventor iu America 18.51 —
Berlinghieri, Andrea Vacca. Italian surgeon — 1772 1826
Berlioz, Hector. French musical composer igos IStJS
Bermudez, J. Sp. nav. and dis of the Ber. Islands
Bernadotte, Jean B. J. Marshal of France 1764 1844
Bernal Calixto. Cuban jurist and author 1804
Bernard, Saint. French ecclesiastic 1091 1153
Bernard, Claude. French physiologist 1813 1S7&
Bernard, Fraucis, Sir. Gov. of Massachusetts. .. 1/14 1//9
Bernard, John, Bart. Eug. patriot in .America. .. 1744 1809
Bernard, Thomas, Sir. Bart. Eng. author and ben 1746 1818
Bernard, John. Eng. actor and manager in Am. . 1756 1828
Bernard, Simon. Fr. soldier and engineer in Am. 1779 1836
Bernard, William Bayle. American dramatist.. 1807 1875
Bernades, Diet;o. Portuguese poet 1540? 1596
BernarddeWenthon. Saint. Founder of hospices 923 1008
Bernardo del Carpio. Spanish soldier fl. 9th c.
Bernays, Augustus Charles. Am. phys. edu.. wr. 1854 —
Bernhard, Duke of Saxe- Weimar. Protestant gen 1604 1639
Bernhard Karl. Pseud, of St-Aubain. Dan. nov 1800? 1865
Bernhardi, August Ferdinand. Ger. philologist. 1770 1820
Bernhardt, Rosine Bernhardt. French actress... 1844 —
Bernhardy, Gottfried. Jewish German scholar. 1800 1875
Berni '"■ Bernia, Francesco. Ital. burlesque poet 1490? 1.536
Bernier, Francois. French physician, traveler... 1630? 1688
Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo. Ital. paint., sculpt.. 1598 1680
Bernoulli, Daniel. Swiss math, and physicist. .. 1700 1782
Bernoulli, Jacob. Swiss mathematician 1654 1705
Bernoulli. Johann. Bro. of Jacob. Swiss math... 1667 1748
Bernstein, George Henry. German orientalist... 1787 1860
Bernstorff, von J. H". E., Count. Ger. statesman 1712 1772
Beroaldo, Phllippo. The Elder. Ital. scholar. ... 1453 1.505
Berquin, Arnaucf. L'Ami des Enfnnts. Fr. writer 1749 1791
Berrian, William. Am. P. E. clerg. and author... 1787 1862
Berrien, John M. American naval officer 1802 1883
Berrien, John Mc. P. A.m. law. and statesman. .. 1781 1856
Berrtini, Hcuri. Eng. and Fr. composer and pin'st 1798 1876
Berry Abraham J. .\m. physician aud surgeon. . 1799 1865
Berry, Miss Mary. Friend of Horace Walpole — 1763? 1852
Berry! Nathaniel Springer. Am. manufacturer.. 1796 —
Berry or Berri, de, Caroline F. L. Duchesse 1798 1870
Berryer, Antoine. Fr. j^litical orator and leader 1790 1868
Bersezlo, Victor. Italian author 1830 —
Bert, Paul. French physiologist 1833 1886
Bertaut, Jean. Fr. bishop of Scez, and poet 1552 1611
Berthelot. Pierre Marcellm. French chemist.... 1827
Berthet, £lie Bertrand. French novelist 1815
Berthier, Louis Alexandre. Prince of Wagram... 1753 1815
Berthold, Arnold Adolphus. German naturalist. 1803 1861
Berthollet, de, Claude Louis, Count. Fr. chem'st 1748 1822
Berthoud, Ferdinand. Swiss inv. marine clocks. 1727 1807
Bertln, Louis Francois. French journalist 1766 1841
Bertin, Louise Anaelique. Fr. artist and poetess 1805 187"
Berulle, Pierre. Founder Carmelite order in Fr.. 157o 1629
B6rvic, Chas. C. B. French engraver 1756 1822
Berwick, Jas. Fitz-James, Duke of. Mar. France. 1670 1/34
Berwick, William. Enelish historical painter — 17% 1866
Berzellus, J'ins Jakob, Baron. Swedish chemist . 1779 1848
Besant, Walter. English author .1838 .^..
Bescherelle, Louis K. Fr.gram. and lexicograph. 1828 1883
Beskow, Bernard. Swedish dramatist 1796 1868
BORN DIED
Besnard, Paul Albert. French painter 1849 ...
Bessarlon, Johannes, or Basil. Greek cardinal.. 1395? 1472
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm. Prussian astronomer 1784 1846
Bessels, Emil. German scientist 1847
Bessemer, Henry, Sir. Eng. engineer and invent. 1813
Bessey, Chas. E. Am.botauist, educ'rand journ. 1845
Bessi^res, Jean Baptiste. French marshal 1768 1813
Besson, Jacques. Fr. mathemat'n and inventor.. fi. 1569
Bestushev, Alexander. Russian novelist 1795 1837
Bestuzhef, Alex. -ilexaudrovitch. Ru. novelist. . 1795 18.37
Beta, Heinrich. German novelist 1876
Betancourt, A. Mex. monk, educator and author 1620 1700
Betancourt, Jose B. Cuban law. and statesman. 1823 —
Betanzos, de, Domingo. Span. R. C. missionary 1549
Betanzos, Pedro. Spanish E. C. missionary 1570
Beteta, Gregorio. Spanish missionary bishop. .. . 1500 1562
Betham, Wm..Sir. Eug^antiq. and genealogist.. 1779 1853
Bethell, Richard, Sir, English lawyer 1800 1873
Bethencourt, Pedro. Snanish philanthropist.. .. 1619 1667
Bethencourt, de, Jean, Sr. Fr. conq. Canary Isles .... 1426
BetWsy, Jules Jacques Eleonore. French soldier 1747 1816
Bethmann-Hollweg, von Moritz A. Ger. jurist.. 1795 1877
Bethune, Alex. Neil. Canadian bishop and auth. 1800 18/9
Bethune, Chas. Jas. S. Canadian P. E. clergyman 18.38 .^..
Bethune, Geo. Washington. Am. clerg. and poet 180a 1862
Bethune, James. Canadian lawyer 1840 1884
Betrand, Joseph Louis Francois. Fr. mathemat'n 1822
Betterton, Thomas. English actor 1635? 1710
Betts, Beverley R. Am. P.E. cler. libr. and -writer 1827 ....
Betts, Samuel 'Rossiter. American jurist 1787 1868
Betts, Thaddeus. Amer. lawyer and statesman — 1840
Betts Wm. West Ind. lawyer and educator in Am 1802 1884
Betty' William Henry Wes"t. English actor 1791 1874
Beudant, Francois Sulpice. French physicist. . . . 1787 1852
Beurnonville, de, P. de R., Marq. Fr. mar., stats 1752 1821
Beust, von, Friedr. Ferdinand. Count. Ger. stats 1809 1886
Beveridge, John. Scottish educator, poet in Am
Beveridge, John L. Am. lawyer, soldier and stats 1824
Beveridge, William. Eng. prelate and orientalist 1638 1"08
Beverly, Kobert. Am. Clerk Coun. Vir. and hist 1675 1716
Bewick Thomas. Eng. artist aud wood engraver 1753 1828
Bewley, Anthony. American M. E. Clergyman.. .. 1804 1860
Bevle Marie Henri. Stendhal. French writer. . . 1783 1842
Beyscillag, Wilibald. Ger.evangelical theologian 1823 ...
Beza Theodore. Fr. reformer and Calvinistic theo 1519 1605
Biagioli Nicolo Giosafatte. It. litt^rature. Paris 1768 1830
Bianchi, Giovanni Battista. It. anatomist, writer 1681 1761
Blanchl, Nicomede. Italian historian 1818 1876
Bianchini, Francesco. Italian philos. and mathe 1662 1729
Bianconl, Charles. Inventor of the Irish car sys 1786 1875
Biard .\nguste Francois. French painter 1800 1882
Biard, Peter. Fr. Jesuit missionary and author 1565 1622
Biart ' Lucien. French naturalist and author — 1828-
Blbaiid, Michel. Canadian author 1782 1S57
Biband, FrauvoisM. U.M. Can. edu and auth... 1827 ..
Bihh (ieorge M. Am. jurist, states, and 1. writer. 1772 1882
Bibb' William Wyatt. Am. physician and states.. 1780 1820
Bibbiena ( Real nameScr/mrdo de Tarlalti) It. card 1470 1520
Bibra, von, Ernst., Baron. Ger.chemlst. ..... 1806 1878
Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier. Fr. physiologist. 1/ /I 1802
Bicker, Walter. Amer. soldier and writer 1/96 1886
Bickerstaff, Isaac. Irish author. 1735 j.
Bickersteth, Edward. Eng. theological writer. .. 1/86 1850
Bickmore, Albert Smith. Am. naturalist lecturer 1839 —
Bicknell, Thos Wms. Am. edu. jour, and author. 1834
Blddle Charles John. Am. lawyer, sold, and jour. 1810 1873
Biddle, Clement. Quaker soldier m America 1740 1814
Biddle, Clement Cornell. American soldier 1/84 ISjS
Biddle Edward, lawyer and states, in America. . 1/39 17/9
Biddlei Horace P. American jurist and poet 1818 ....
Biddle, James. American naval officer. . .^ ;■ US Ilia
Biddle John. Am. soldier, statesman and trave r 1/89 1859
Biddle, John. Father of Eng. Unit. Eng. theol.. 1615 1662
Biddle Nicholas. Am. fln'r. Pres. of U S. bank 1786 1844
Biddle, Nicholas. Amer. naval commander. .. 1/50 1778
Biddle, Richard. Am. lawyer, state'n and author 1796 184/
Biddle, Thomas. American soldier. ...... 1/90 1831
Blddlecomb, George, Sir. British naval officer. ... 1807 18/8
Bldwell, Daniel D. American soldier 1816 1864
Bidwell.John. Amer. soldier and statesman ... 1819 ....
Bidwell, MarshaH S. Am. statesman in Canada 1,98 1872
Bidwell, W. H. Am. Congreg.cl. and journalist. 1798 1881
Bledermann, Friedrich K. Ger. hist, and states n 1812 ....
Biel, Gabriel. Ger. theologian and philosopher. . .^.. 1495
Biela, von Wilhelm. Baron. Ger. astronomer.. .. 1/82 1856
Bielski, Martin. Polishhistorian "90 lo-S
Ripnnicav S S. Sp. bishop and benefactor 1730 1802
BilS?llle,^de. Jean B^. Le m!. Sieur. Col, Gov. La. 1680 1768
Blerstadt, Albert. Amer. landscape painter 1830 .^_.
Bigelow, Erastus Brigham. Amer. inventor 1814 1879
Blgelow, George Tyler. American jurist. .... 1810 1878
Bigelow Jacob Am. phvs. botanist and writer.. 1/87 18/9
Bigelowi John. Amer. editor and author. . . 1817 _^_^
Bigelow Lewis. Am. law. states, and writer... l/8o 1838
Bigelow', Melville Madison. American author. .. 1846 ^^
Bigelow, Timothy. American soldier 1739 1/90
BiSelow Timothy. American lawyer 176/ 18Ji
BillarT Joseph G. Irish Home Rule leader 1829 1861
Biggs, Asa. Am. jurist and statesman 1811 18/8
BIGLER — BLAU
1693
BOKN DIED
Bigler, David. Am. Moravian bishop 1806 1875
Bigler, John. Am. jour'st, lawyer and governor. . IslO 1871
Bigler, \Vm. Am. journ., statesm., gov 1814 1880
Blglow, \Vm. Am. educator and author 1773 1844
Bignon, Louis Pierre Edouard. Fr. his., statsm'n, 1771 1841
Bigot, Charles Jules. French author. , iai4
Blgshy, Robert. Eng. his. and archaeologist 1806 1873
Bineron, Marie Catherine. French anatomist 1719 1786
BUderdijk, Wm. Dutch poet and jihilologist 1756 1881
BUflnger, Geo. Bernliard. Ger. phi. and math 1693 1750
BUguer, Johann Ulric. Swiss surg. and author. . 1720 1796
Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas. Fr. Jacobin. 1756 1819
Billault, Auguste Adolphe Marie. Fr. statesman. 1805 1863
Bille, .Steeu .\udersen. Danish rear admiral 1797 1882
Billings, Elkauah. Can. geol. jour, and writer. . . 1820
Billings, Geo. Herrick. Am. nietal'st and invent. 1845 ....
Billings, Hammatt. Am. architect 1874
Billings, John Shaw. Am. sur. lee. and writer... 1838
Billings, Joseph. English navigator 1758
Billings, Josh. Pseud, for Henry \V. Shaw 1818 18.S6
Billings, Rob'tWm. English topog. draughtsm'n. 1813 1874
Billings, Wm. Am. musical composer 1746 1800
Billington, Elizabeth. English singer 1709 1818
Billopp, Christopher. American soldier 1737 1827
Bilney, Thomas. English martyr 1495 1531
Binet, Jacques Philippe M. Fr."inath. and'astron. 1786 1856
Bingham, Hiram. Am.Congregationalmissiouarv 1789 1869
Bingham, John A. .\ra. lawy., states'n. diplomat 1815
Bingham, Judson David. Amerlcau soldier 1831
Bingham, Kinsley S. American statesman 1808 1861
Bingham, William. American statesman 1808 1861
Bingham, William. American educator 1835
Binney, .\mos. American naturalist 1803 1847
Binney, Hibbert. Nova Scotian hp. and edu 1819
Binney, Horace. Am. lawyer and statesman 1780 1875
Binney, Horace. American lawyer 1809 1870
Binns, John. Irisli journalist and author in Am.. 1772 1860
Bibrn, (ir Bjorn, Jonsson. Icelandic historian... 1574 1656
Biot, Jean Baptiste. French math, and philos 1774 1862
Birague, de, Rene, Cardinal. French statesman. 1507? 1583
Birch, Samuel, LL. D. English Egyptologist 1813 1885
Birch, Thomas. Eng. historian and biographer.. 1705 1766
Birch, Thomas. English artist in America 1769 1851
Birch-Pfeiffer, Charlotte. Ger. actress and dram ISOO 1868
Bird, Edward. R. ,\. English penre painter 1772 1819
Bird, Frederick Mayer. Am. P. E, clerg., edu.,wr. 1838
Bird, Golding. English physician and physicist.. 1814 1854
Bird, Isabella (Mrs. Blshopl. Traveler and au
Bird, Rev. Charles Smith. Controversialist 1795 1862
Bird, liohert Montgomery. Am. nov. and journ. . 1803 1854
Birdsall, William Randall. Am. phys. and writer 1852
Birdwood, G. C. M.. Sir. Eng. writer on India 1832
Birge, Edward .\sahel. Am. nat. edu. and writer 1851
Birge, Henry Warner. American soldier 18.30
Birkheck, George. Eng. phys. and philanthropist 1776 1841
Birkbeck, Morris. Eng. trav. and author in Am 1825
Birney, David Bell. Am. lawyer and soldier 1825 1864
Birney, Dion. American physician and soldier 1864
Birney, Fitzhugh. American soldier 1864
Birney, James. Amer. statesman and diplomat.. 1817 ...
Birney, James Gillespie. Am. antislavery pol 1792 1857
Birney; William. Am. lawyer, edu. and soldier.. 1819 ....
Biron, de, Armoud L. de G. Due de Lauzun 1747 1793
Birt, John Baptist. French savant 1774 1862
Biscaccianli, Eliza. American vocalist 1825
Bischof, Karl Gustav. Ger. chemist and geologist 1792 1870
Bischoff, Theodor Ludwig. Ger. anat. and phys... 1807 1882
Bishop, Anna. English vocalist in America 1814 1884
Bishop, George. American Quaker and author
Bishop, Henry Rowley, Sir. Eng. musical comp. . 1786 1855
Bishop, Joel Prentiss. American author 1814 ...
Bishop, Levi. Amer. law. educator and historiog 1815 1881
Bishop, Rob't Hamilton. Scot. Presbv.cler.in Am 1777 1855
Bishop, Robt. Nich. Chas. Bochsa. Fr. musician. 1789 ....
Bishop, William Darius. Am. law. and statesman 1.S27
Bishop, William Henry. Amer. M. E. Bishop 1803 1873
Bishop, Wm. Heurv. American author 1847
Bismarck-Schonhausen, von, CO. E. L. Prince. 1815
Bismark, Friedrich. Count of, Ger. soldier 1783 1860
Bispham, Henry Collins. American artist ..1841 ....
Bissell, Clark. Am. jurist, edu. and governor 1782 1857
Bissell, Daniel, .\merican soldier 1833
Bissell, Josiah Wolcott. American engineer 1818
Bissell, Simon B. American naval officer 1808 1883
Bissell, Wm, H. Am.phvs.. sold'r. andstats'man 1811 1860
Bissell, Wm. Henrv Augustus. Am. P. E. bishop. 1814
Blssen, Wilhelm. Danish sculptor 1798 1868
Bitzius, .A-lbert. Swiss author 1797 1854
Bixby, John Munson. Am. lawyer and author.... 1800 1876
Bizby, Thomas. Classical schol. and book collec'r 1799 1863
Bizet, George. French composer 1888 1875
BJornsou, Bjiirnstjerne. Norwegian writer 18.32
Biornstjerna, Maenus F., Count. Sw. statesman 1779 1847
Blaauw, Wm. Henry. English antiquarian 1793 1870
Black, Adam. Publisher in Edinburgh 1784 1874
Black, Chauncey Forward. American statesman
Black, D. .\m. clerg.. historian and author 1779 1874
Black, James R. Am. Scot, phys., writer in Am. . . 1827
Black, J. Am. Statesman, temp, advocate, author. 1823
BOEN DIED
Black, Jeremiah Sullivan. American jurist 1810 1883
Black, John, .\merican diplomatist 1792 1873
Black, John. English editor 1783 1855
Black, Joseph. Scottish chemist and anatomist.. 1728 1799
Black, William. English novelist 1841
Black, Wm. Eng. fr of Wes. church in Nova S. .. 1760 1834
Blackburn, G. Am. presby. clerg. and educator... 1772 1838
Blackburn, J. C. S. Am. lawyer, states., soldier. 1838
Blackburn, Wm. Am. pioneer, alcade at S. Cruz. . 1814 1867
Blackburn, W. M. Am. Presbv. clerg., author 1828
Blackburn, W. J. Am. journalist and poet 1820 . .
Blackburne, F., Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1782 1867
Blackford, Eugene G. American Pisciculturist.. 1839
Blackford, Isaac N. Am. jurist and statesman... 1786 1859
Black Hawk. Mu-ka-lai-mish-kin-kiak. Am.Ind.cf. 1767 1838
Blackie, John S. Scot, class, scholar and writer 1809 .
Blackman, George C. Am.surg ,edu. and lect... 1.S19 1871
Blackman, Learner, .\merican M. E. missionary 1781 1815
Blackmore, Richard, Sir. Eng. phvsician, poet. . 1650? 1729
Blackmore, Richard Doddridge. Eng. novelist.. 1825
Blackstone, William. Pioneer in .\merica 1675
Blackstone, William. Sir. Euglish jurist 1723 1780
Blackwell, .Me.xauder. .-Idventurer 1700? 1747
Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa B. Am. lect., auth. 1.825
Blackwell, Elizabeth. First woman M.D. in U.S. 1821
Blackwell, Thomas. Scottish scholar 1701 1756
Blackwood, John. British publisher : 1818 1879
Blackwood, William. Scottish publisher 1776 1834
Bladen, Thomas. Am. Governor of Maryland
Blaeu, Wm.J. Dutch math., map-drawer, pub.... 1571 1638
Blagden, Miss Isa. English novelist 1873
Blaikie, Wm. .\m. athlete, lecturer and writer... 1843
Blaine, James Gillespie. American statesman... 1830
Blainville, de, Henri Marie D. Fr.zoiil., phvsician 1777 1850
Blair, .\ndre\v Alex. Am. chemist and writer 1846
Blair, -iustin. Am. lawyer and statesman 1818
Blair, Francis P. Am. soldier, law. and states'n. 1821 1875
Blair, Francis Preston. American statesman 1791 1876
Blair, Henry Wm. Am. lawyer. sold, and states'n 1S34
Blair, Hugh. Scot'sh divine and prof, of rhetoric 1718 180O
Blair, Jas. Scottish miss'y and educator in Am.. 1656 1743
Blair, John. American statesman 1689 1771
Blair, John Durbarrow. American clergyman 1759 1823
Blair, John Insley. Am. capitalist and philanth't 1802
Blair, Moutgomery. American statesman 1813 1883
Blair, Sam'l. Irish Pres. cl. and educat'r in Am.. 1712 1751
Blair, Samuel. Am. clergyman and educator 1741 1818
Blake, Caroline P. Wife of Wm. R. and actress
Blake, Clar. J. Am. physician, inv. aud writer.. . 1843
Blake, Edw'd. American lawyer and statesman.. 1833
Blake, Eli W. .\m. manufacturer and inventor .. 1795 1886
Blake, E. W., Jr. Am. scientist, edu'r and writer 1836
Blake, Cieorge .\. H. American soldier 1812 1884
Blake, George Smith. American naval officer 1803 1871
Blake, Homer Crane. American naval officer 1822 1880
Blake, J. L. .A.m. clergyman, educator and author 1788 1857
Blake, Joseph. English colonist in America 1820 1700
Blake, Lillie D. .\m. reformer speaker and auth. 1835
Blake, Robert. British admiral 1599 1657
Blake, Samuel Hume. Canadian jurist 1835
Blake, Thos. H. Am. jurist and statesman 1792 1849
Blake, William. Euglish engraver and poet 1757 1827
Blake, Wm. Hume. Irish jurist in Canada 1809 1870
Blake, Wm. Phipps. Am. mineralogist andengin. 1826
Blake, William Rufus. N.S. actor and man. in Am 1805 1863
Blakeley, Johnston. Irish naval officer in Amer. . I7.si 1814
Blakelock, Ralph Albert. American artist 1847
Blakey, Robert. English metaphysician 1795 1878
Blanc, .\uthouy. French R. C. archbishop in Am 1792 1860
Blanc, Auguste -Alexandre Phil. Chas. Fr. art critic 1813 1882
Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis. Fr. socialist and hist 1811 1882
Blanc, Vincent Le. French traveler and author. . 1554 1640
Blanchard, .\lbert G. Am. soldier, eng. and surv 1810 1891
Blanchard, Edward Laman. English journalist. 1820
Blanchard, Francois. French aeronaut 17,53 1809
Blanchard, Joseph. Am. soldierand cartographer 1704 1758
Blanchard, Joshua P. American peace advocate. 1782 1868
Blanchard, Justus Wardwell. American soldier. 1811 1877
Blanchard, Samuel Laman. Eng. jour, and writer 1804 1845
Blanchard, Thonuis. American inventor 1788 1864
Blanchelande, de, Phil. F. R. Fr. soldier in Am. 1735 1793
Blanchet, Aug. .Mnglorie Alex. Can. K. C. bishop 1797
BlancUet, Emilio. Cuban author 1829
Blanchet, Francis Norbert. Can. R. C. abp 1795 1883
Blanchet, Joseph Goderick. Can. sold'r, st^tesm'n 1829
Blanco, Nunez Vela. Spanish Ticeroy of Peru
Bland, Richard. Am. statesman and writer 1710 liK
Bland, Richard Parks. .4ra. lawyer, statesman.. . 1835
Bland, Theodoric. American soldier 1742 1790
Blandrata, Criorgio. Italian physician 1590
Blanqui, Jerome Adolphe. French economist 1798 1854
Blanqui, Louis Auguste. French politician 1805 1880
Blasco, Nunez. Spanish conqueror of .\merica.. . 1490
Blashfleld, Edwin Howland. American artist 1848
Blasius, Ernst. German physician 1802 1875
Blasius, St. Bishop of Sebaste, Cappadocia 316
Blatchford, R. M. Am. lawyer and diplomat 1798 1875
Blathwajrt orBlathwajrte, W. Eng. statesman. . 1649 1771
Blau, Dr. Otto. German archffiologist 18'79
1694
B L A U V E L T — B 0 X D
BORN DIED
Blauvelt, Augustus. Am. ref. D. CI. and author. l.'<s-J
Blavatsky, Heleue Fptrovna. Kus. theosophist- . 1881 1891
Bledsoe, Albert T. Am. educator. CI. and author. 1S09 1877
Bledsoe, Jesse. Am. jurist, statesmau aud edca'tr 1776 1837
Bleecker, Aun Eliza. American poetess 1752 1783
Bleecker, Anthony. American author 1770 1827
Bleecker, Harmaiius. Am. lawyer aud diplomat 1779 1849
Bleecker, R. W. Am. patron of arts and sciences 1821 1875
Bleek, Wilhelm Heiurich Emmanuel. Philol — 1827 1875
Blenker, Louis. German soldier in .America 1812 1863
Blenneruassett, -A.. A. Poet, aud wife of Harman
Blennerhassett, n. Eng. schlr. aud law. in Am.. 1764 18.S1
Blessington. Marguerite, horn power. Countess of 1789 1849
Blicher, Steen Steensen. Danish poet 1782 1S4S
Bllgh, William. English navigator 1754 1817
Blind, Karl. German political agitator 1820 ....
Bliss, Daniel. Am.juristand soldier 1740 1806
Bliss, Daniel. Am. Congreg. miss, and author 1823 —
Bliss, George. American lawyer aud statesman.. 1793 1873
Bliss, John Murray. American jurist 1771 1SS4
Bliss, Jonathan. American jurist 1742 1822
Bliss, Philip Paul. Am. sing.evangelistandedu.. 1838 1876
Bliss, Porter Cornelius. Am. journalist aud sec'y 1838 1885
Bliss, Wm. Wallace Smith. Am. sol. and edu 1815 1853
Blitz. -iutonio. Eng. prestidigitateur in Amer — 1810 1877
Blizard, William, Sir. Eng. anatomist and surg.. 1743 1835
Bloch, Marcus Elieser. German ichthyologist. . . 1723 1799
Block or Blok, Adriaen. Dutch nav. in Arherica
Block, Johanna Kaerten. Dutch female artist. . .. 1650 1715
Block, Maurice. French statistician 1816 ....
Blodget, Loriu. American p»hysicist and author.. 1823 ....
Blodget, Samuel. Am.juristand inventor 1724 1807
Blodgett, Foster. Amer. soldier and statesman.. 1826 1877
Blodgett, Henry Williams. Am. jurist and states 1821
Blodgett, Rufns. Amer. railroad supt. and states 1834
Bloede, Marie. Silesian author in America 1821 1870
Bloemaert, Abraham. Dutch painter 1564? 1647
Bloemen, van, Jan Frans. Belgian painter 1662 1748
Blom, Karl .Magnus. Sw. naturalist aud phys 1737 1815
Blomfleld, Charles James. Bishop of London 1786 1857
Blomfleld, Francis. Eug. clergyman and typog'r. 1705 1752
Blommaert, Samuel. Colonial patroon 1590 1670
Blommaert, Philip. Flemish author 1809? 1871
Blondel. French minstrel 12the.
Blondel, Francois. Fr. arch, and mil. engineer. . 1617 1686
Blondin, Emile Gravelet. Fr. funambulist in Am. 1830
Bloodgood, Delavan. .\meric«n surgeon 1831 ....
Bloodgood, Simeon DeWitt. Am. diplomat 1799 1866
Bloodworth, Timothy. Am. states'mn and phil'st 1736 1814
Bloomer, -Amelia Jenks. Am. journ'lst and lect'r 1818 ....
Bloomfield, Joseph. Am. sold'r., lawv'r., stat'mn. ... 1823
Bloomfleld, Robert. English poet 1766 1823
Blossom, Thomas. Pioneer in America 1633
Blot, Pierre. Fr. cook, lecturer and writer 1818 1874
Blouet, Paul. Mm ORrll. French writer 1848
Blount, Thomas. English author 1618 1679
Blount, Thomas, .\merican soldier 1760 1812
Blount, William. American statesman 1744 1800
Blount, Willie. American statesman 1817 1875
Blunt, Joseph. .American lawyer and author 1792 1860
Blowers, Sampson Salters. American jurist. ... .. 1742 1842
Bliicher, von, G. L. Prussian field marshal 1742 1819
Bluhme or Blume, Friedrich. German jurist — 1797 1874
Blum, Robert. Cierman journalist and agitator. . 1804 ,1848
Blumaner, Alois. German poet 1755 1798
Blumenbach, J. F. German naturalist, physiol. . 1752 1840
Blumenthal, J. Ger. pianist, composer in Eng . 1829
Blumenthal, von, L. Prussian army officer 1810 ....
Blunt, E. Am. hydrographer. inventor, publish. . 1799 1866
Blunt, Edmuud M. American nautical writer 1770 1862
Blunt, G.W. Am. hydrographer. pub., author 1802 1878
Blunt, Jas. G. Am. phvsician and soldier 1826 1881
Blunt, J. H., D. D. English theologian 1823 1SS4
Blunt, John James. English divine 1794 1855
Blunt, Wilfrid S. English traveler and poet 1840 ...
Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar. Swiss jurist 1808 1881
Blyden, E. W. West Ind. Presby. clerg.. author. . 1832
Blythe, James. Am. Pres. clergj-'n and educator 1765 1842
Bljrthe, Samuel. British naval officer 1784 1814
Boabdll. Abi'i AbdiUah. Moorish king of Granada .. . 15.36
Boaden, James. English writer 1762 1839
Boadlcea. British queen 62
Boaraman, David Sherman. American jurist.. .." 1768 ].Sfi4
Boardman, Elijah. American statesman.. , 1760 1823
Boardman, George Dana. American missionary. ISOl 1831
Boardman, George Dana. Am. Bap. clergyman . . 1.S28 ....
Boardman, Henry A. Am. Pres. clergy-man, auth. 1808 1880
Boarman, Charles. American naval olhcer 1879
Bobadilla, de, Francesco. Span, polit.administ'r 1502
BohorUiine, Peter. Russian novelist 18.36 ....
Boccaccio, Giovanni. Italian novelist 1313 1375
Boccage, du, Marie Anne Le Page. Fr. poetess... 1710 1802
Boccalini, Trajano. Italian satirist 1.5.t6 1613
Bochart, Samuel. Fr. scholar and Prot.theolog'n 1599 1667
Bockh, .\ngust. Ger. philanthropist, antiquary. . 17.85 1867
Bocock, Thomas S. Am. lawyer and statesman. . . 1815 ....
Bode, Johann Ehlert. German astronomer 1747 1826
Bodega, y Quadra Juan Francisco. Peruvian nav 1794
Bodenstedt, Friedrich Martin. German author.. 1S19
BOEN DIED
Bodin, Jean. French political writer 1530 1596
Bodisco, .\lexander. Russian diplomatist 1779 1854
Bodisco, de, Waldemar. Rnssiandiplomat in Am 1878
Bodley, Thos..SiT. Founder Bodleian lib., Oxford 1544 1612
Bodmer, Johann Jakob. Sw-iss journalist 1698 1783
Bodmer, Karl. Swiss artist in America 1805
Bodoni, Giovanni Battista. Ital. printer, scholar 1740 1813
Bodwell, Joseph R. American statesman 1818 1887
Boece or Boeis. See Boethius *.
Boehler, Peter. Ger. Moravian bishop in Am 1712 1775
Boehm, Henry. American M. E. clergyman 1775 1875
Boehm, Joseph Edgar. Austrian sculptor 1834 1890
Boerhaave, Herm." Dutch phys. and philosopher, 1668 1738
Boernstein, Henry. Germ, opera manager in Am. 1805 ....
Boerum, Simon. Am. patriot and statesman 1724 1775
Boethius or Boece, A. M.T.S. Rom, philosopher 470? 526?
Boethius lo- Boece, Hector. Scottish historian... 1465? 1536
Boetie, de la, Etienne. French writer 1530 1563
Bogardus, .\braham. Am. photographer and writ 1822 ....
Bogardus, Everardus. Dutch clergj^man in Am 1647
Bogardus, James. American inventor 1800 1.S74
Bogardus, Robert. Am. lawyer, sold, and senator 1771 1841
Bogart, Elizabeth. American poetess 1806
Bogart, William Henry. American author 1810 ....
Bogdanovitch, Ippolit F. Russian lyric poet 1743 180S
Boggs, Chas. Stuart. American naval officer 1811 1888
Boggs, L. W. American pioneer 1798 1861
Bogle, James. American artist 1817 1873
Bogy, Lewis V. American statesman 1813 1877
Bohemond I., Marc. Pr. of .\ntioch. Norm. cms. 1060? 1111
Bohlen, Henry. German soldier 1810 1862
Bolilen, von, Peter. German orientalist 1796 1840
Bbhm, Theobald. Bavarian flutist 1794 1881
Bohme, or Bdhm, Jakob. Germ, mystic and vis'y 1575 1624
Bohn, Henry George. London publisher '.1796 1884
Bohorques,"Juan. Mexican prelate 1633
Bohorques, Pedro. Spanish soldier 1667
Bobtlingk, Otto. German-Russian orientalist... 1815
Boiardo or Bojardo, Matteo Maria, Count. It. poet 1434? 1494
Boieldieu, .\drien Francois. French composer. .. 1775 1834
Boileau-Despreaux, Xicoias. Fr. poet and critic 1636 1711
Boise, James Robinson. Am edu. and author 1815
Boisrobert, de, Francois ie Metel. Fr. writer — 1592 1662
Boissar^, Jean Jacques. Fr. antiquary and poet. 1528 1602
Boisseree. Sulpice. Prus. architect and antiquary 1783 1854
Bolssier, Marie Louis Gaston. French writer 1823
Boissieu, de, Jean Jacques. French engraver 1736 1810
Boissonade. Jean Franfois. Fr. philologist 1774 1857
Boiste. Pierre Claude Victoire. Fr. lexicographer 1765 1824
Boivln, Marie Anne Victoire Gillain. Fr. phy 1773 1841
Boker, George Henrv. American poet 1823 1890
Boleyn, Anne. Wife of Henry VIII. of England. . 1507 1536
Bollnghroke, Henry Saint John. Viscount 1678 1751
Bolivar, Gregorio. "Spanish missionary
Bolivar, Simon. Liberator of Bolivia 1783 1830
Boll, Jacob. Swiss naturalist and writer 1828 1880
Bollan, Wm. Eng. lawyer, stats'mn and writer 1776
Boiler, Alfred Pancoast. Am. civil engineer 1840
Belles, Edwin Cortlandt. Am.microscopist 1836 ....
Bolles, John A. Am. lawyer and soldier 1809 1878
Bollman. Eric. Hanoverian phvsician in Am . . ... 1769 1821
Bolognini, Giov. Battista. TIk Elder. It. painter 1611 1688
Bolton, Henrv Carrington. Am. chemist and edu. 1,843
Bolton, Robert. Eng. Puritan divine and author. 1572 1631
Bolton, Sarah Knowles. Am. journ'st and auth'rs. 1840
Bolton, Sar.ih Tittle. American poetess 1815
Bombeili, Rafaello. Italian mathematician 1530
Bomherger, John Henry Augustus. Am clergy'n 1817
Bomford, George. Am. soldier, eng. and inven.. 1780 1848
Bomford, James V. American soldier 1811 ....
Bonald. Louis Gabriel. French publicist 1753 1840
Bonaparte, Charles Joseph. American lawyer. . 1851
Bonaparte, C. L. J. L. Am. ornithologist 1803 1857
Bonaparte, Elizabeth Patterson. Am. wife of Jer 1785 1879
Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon. Eng. son of Mad. 1805 1870
Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon. American soldier 1832 ....
Bonaparte, Jerome. King of Westphalia 1784 1860
Bonaparte, Joseph. King of Naples and Spain. .. 1768 1844
Bonaparte, Louis. Bro.o/Sap.I Kg of Holland 1778 1846
Bonaparte, Lucien. Bro.oJ yap. I. Pr. of Canino 1775 1840
Bonaparte, Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul 1822 1891
Bonaparte, Napoleon. Nap. I. Emp.of the Fr... 1769 1821
Bonaparte, Napoleon II, or Napoleon F. C. J 1811 1833
Bonaparte, Nap. III. or C. L. N. Emp. of the Fr.. 1808 187S
Bonar, Rev. Dr. Horatius. Hymn writer 1808 1889
Bonard, Louis. French miser in America 1809 1871
Bonati, tiuido. Italian astrologer 1596
Bonaventura, Saint. Ital. scholastic theologian. 1221 1274
Bonchamp, de, C. M. A.. Marquis. Fr. general. 1759 1793
Bond, lieorge Phillips. American astronomer... 1826 1865
Bond, Henrv. Am. phvsician and genealogist 1790 1859
Bond,Hugh'L. American jurist 1828
Bond, John R. S. American journalist 1822 1872
Bond, Thomas Emerson. American journalist.. . 1813 1872
Bond, T. E. Am. phys. educ'r, journ't, writ«r 1782 1856
Bond, Thomas. Am. physician and lecturer 1712 1784
Bond, Shadract. American statesman 1832
Bond, Wm. B. English bishop in America. 1815
Bond, William Cranch. American astronomer... 1789 18S9
BON DE S AINT-HILAIRE — BOV ADILLA
1695
BORN DIED
Bon de Salnt-Hilaire, F. X. Fr. scholar, writer. li;7S 17iU
Bondi, Clemente. Italian poet 1742 1821
Bondl, J. Saxon Jew. rabbi, journalist, writer. .. . 1804 1874
Bone, Henry R. A. English enamel-paiuter 1755 1834
Boner, C. Eng. author, journalist, translator 1870
Boner, Ulrich. German fabulist Hth century.
Bonham, Milledge L. Am. soldier, statesman.. .. 1815 ....
Bonheur, Rosalie. French artist 1822 —
Boniface, \\'iufrid, Saint. The Apostle of Germany 680? 755
Boniface I. Popt. 422
Boniface VIII. Card. Benedetto Gaetanl. Pope. 122S 1303
Bonington, Richard Parkes. English artist l.soi 1828
Bonnat, Leou Joseph Florentin. French artist. . . 1833 ...
Bonnecnose, de, F. P. E. B. Fr. hist, and writer. 1801 1875
Bonner, Edm. Bishop of London. Persecutor... 1500? 1509
Bonner, R. Irish publ'r, philanthropist in Am. 1824 ....
Bonnet, Charles. Swiss naturalist, philosopher.. 1720 1793
Bonneval, de, C. A., Comte. French adventurer. 1675 1747
Bonneville, B. L. E. Am. soldier and traveler. . . . 1796? 1878
Bonneville, C. de. Fr. engineer, author in Am.. . 1710 1780
Bonneville, de, Nicholas. Fr. author and jour.. . 1760 1828
Bonney, Cliarles Carroll. Am. legal writer 1831 ....
Bonnivard, de, Francois. Prisoner.of Chillcn.. . . 1496 1570
Bonnycastle, Charles. Eng. math., auth. in Am. 1792 1840
Bonnycastle, John. English mathematician 1750? 1821
Bonnycastle, Richard H., Sir Eng. auth. in Can. 1791 1848
Bonomij Joseph. English archfeologist 1796 1878
Bononcini, Giovanni Battista. Italian comp 1670? 1752
Bonpland, Aim*?. Fr. botanist and traveler 1773 1858
Bonstetten, de, Karl Victor. Swiss author 1745 1832
Bonvicino, Alessandro. Italian painter 1498? 1555
Bonvoubolr, M. de. French diplomatic agent
Booker, Geo. \Vm. Am. stalesm'n and lawyer 1821 188.S
Boole, Geo., Prof. Math, and metaphysician 1819? 1864
Boomer, Geo. Boardmau. Am. soldier 1832 1863
Boone, Daniel. Am. explorer and colonizer 1735 1820
Boone, Enoch. First white child born in Ky 1777 1862
Boone, Thomas. Col. governor in America
Boone, \Vm. Jones. Am. P. E. bishop 1811 1864
Bonne, \Vm. Jones. Am. P. E. bishop 1847
Boorde, Andrew. Eng. physician and writer 1490? 1549
Boorman, James. Eng. mer, and philanthropist. 1783 1866
Boos, Martin. Catholic priest 1762 1825
Boot, John Fletcher. Cherokee preacher 1796 1853
Booth, Benjamin. Am. book-keeper and author
Booth, Cath. .M. Wf of \Vm., "Moth, of Sal. Army" 1836 1890
Booth, Edwin. Son of Junius Brutus. Am. actor. 1833 ....
Booth, Elizabeth. American artist
Booth, James. English clerjjyman and author. . . 1814 1878
Booth, James C. Am. chemist, educator, author. 1810 ...
Booth, John W. Son of Junius Brutus. Assassin.. 1839 1865
Booth, Junius Brutus. English tragedian 1796 1852
Booth, -Mary H. C. American poet 1831 1865
Booth, Mary Louise. Am. journalist, authoress.. . 1831 1889
Booth, Newton. American lawyer and statesman 1825
Booth, Rev. William. Founder of Salvation Army 1829
Bopp, Franz. German philologist 1791 1867
Bora, von, Katherina. Wife of Martin Luther 1499 15.52
Borda, Jean C. Fr. mathematician and astron 1733 1799
Borden, Enoch E. American journalist 1823 1870
Borden, Gail. Am. surveyor and inventor l.SOl 1874
Borden, Simeon. American civil engineer 1798 18.56
Bordeu, de, Th^ophile. French medical writer.. 1722 1776
Bordley, John Beale. Am. jurist, agricul., writer 1727 1804
Bordone, Paride. Italian painter 1500 1.570
Borelli, Giovanno Alfonzo. It. philos. and math. 160S 1679
Boreman, Arthur I. Am. jurist and statesman.. . 1823
Borgella, Jerome. Maximilian Haytieu prest 1773 1842
Borgess, Caspar H. Ger. R. C. Bishopin America 1026
Borghese, Marie Pauline Bonaparte, Princess 1780 1825
Borghesi, Bartolommeo, Count. It. numismatist. 17S7 1860
Borgi, Giovanni. Ital. founder of ragged schools. 1732 1802
Borgia, Cesare. It. cardinal and military leader. 1457? 1507
Borgia, Lucrezia. Sister of Cesare. Duch. of Ferara 1.520
BoT^ognone, called Ambrogiode Fossano. It. paint 14.50? 1524?
Bone, Adolph E. Amer. Secretary of the Navv 1809 1880
Borja, Ana. Viceroy of Peru " 1635 1706
Boria y Aragon Francesco. Span, viceroy of Peru 1582 16.58
Borland, Solon. Am. phys. sol. states, and dip 1864
Born, de, Bertrand. Famous troubadour 1140? 1215
Born, von, Ignaz. Germ. -Hun. min. and philol. . . 1742 1791
Borne, Ludwig. German political writer 1786 1837
Borre, de, Prudhomme. Fr. gen. in cont. army
Borrero, Eusebio. So. Am. soldier, and statesman 1793 18.56
Borri, Giuseppe Francesco. Italian impostor 1627 1695
Borromeo, Carlo, Saint. Italian cardinal 15;i8 1.584
Borrow, George Henry. Eng. author and trav 1803 1881
Bom. See Brian Boroihme
Bory de Saint Vincent, J. B.G.M. Fr. nat. geog.. 17.S0 1846
Bosc, Louis .Augustine Guillanme. Fr. naturalist 17.59 1828
Boscan Almogaver, Juan. Reformer Span, poetry 1.504? 1.543?
Boscawen, Edward. English admiral 1711 1761
Bosch "/■ Bos, Hyeronymus van Aeken. Du. Ptr. 14.50? 1518
Boscovlch, Ruggiero Giuseppe. Ital. physicist.. . 1711 1787
Bosio, .\styauax Scevola. French sculptor 17987 1876
Boslo, Francois Joseph. Baron. French sculptor. 1769 1845
Bosonworth, Mary M. Queen of Creek Indians
Bosomworth, Thomas. Scotch sol. in America
Bosquet, Pierre F. J. French marshal 1810 1861
BORN DIED
Bosquillon, Edouard F. M. French phys., schol. 1744 1816
Bosscha, Herman. Dutch philologist and poet. .. 1755 1819
Bossi, Giuseppe. Italian painter and ptoet 1777 1815
Bossu, F. Fr. explorer and author in .\merica. . . 1725 ....
Bossuet, J. B. Fr bp. of Meaux, pulpit orator 1627 1704
Bossut, Charles. French mathematician 17.30 1814
Bostwlck, D. Am. Presby. elerg. and educator... 1721 1763
Bostwick, Helen Louise. American poetess 1826
Boswell, James. Biographer of Dr. Johnson 1740 1795
Bosworth, J., D. D. Anglo-Saxon scholar 1789 1876
Both, Andreas. Dutch painter 1609 1650
Both, Jan. Dutch painter 1610 1651
Bothwell, J. H. Husband of Marv of Scotland. . . 1.536? 1576
Botsford, William. American jurist 1763 1864
Botta, Anne Charlotte L. American author 1820 1891
Botta, Carlo,Giuseppe G. Italian historian 1766 1837
Botta, Paul Emile. French archajologist 1805 1870
Botta, Vincenzo. Italian author 1818
Bottalla, Paolo. Jesuit writer 1823
Bottari, Giovanni Gaetano. Florentine scholar.. . 1689 1775
Bottcher, Johann F. Inventor of Dresden china. 1682 1719
Botetcourt, N. B., Barou. Eng. col. gov. of Va 1717 1770
BQttesini, Giovanni. Italian musician 1823
Bottger, Johann Friedrich. Saxon alchemist 1682 1719
Botticelli, Sandro. Alissanrlro Filipcpi. Ital. paint 1447 1610
Bottiger, Karl August. German archieologist 1760 1835
Bpttiger, Karl Wilhelm. Swedish poet 1807 1878
Botts, C. T. Am. pioneer, jurist and statesman 1809 1884
Botts. John Minor. American politician 1802 1869
Bouchardon, Edme. French sculptor 1698 1762
Boucher, Francois. French painter 1703 1770
Boucher, Jonathan. Eng. writer and philologist. 1738 1804
Boucher deCrevecoeur de Perthes, J. Fr.anthro 1788 1868
Boucher, P. S. de B. Fr. pioneer and auth. in Can 1622 1717
Boucherville, de, Chas. E. B. Canadian Senator. 1820
Boucherville, de, G. B. Canadian law. and auth. 1812
Bouchette, Joseph. Canadian topographer 1774 1841
Boucicault, Dion. Irish dramatist and actor 1822 1890
Boudlnot, Ellas. Am. lawyer and philanthropist. 1740 1821
Bouflers, de, Louis F., Due. Marshal of France.. 1644 1711
Bougainville, de, Louis A. Fr. soldier and navig 1729 1814
Bough, Samuel, R. S. A. Landscape painter 1822 1878
Boughton, Geo. Henry. Eng. artist in America.. . 1836
Bouguer, Pierre. French mathematician 1698 1758
Bouguereau, Wm. Adolphe. French artist 1825 ...
Bouilhet, Louis. French author and poet 1824 1869
B0U1116, de, F. C. -i.. Marq. Fr. gen'l and writer. 1739 1800
Bouilllon "I- Bouillon. See Godefroy de Boliillion.
Bouillon, de, H. de la Tour d'Auv., Due. Fr. mar 1555 1623
Bouilly, Jean Nicolas. French dramatist 1763 1842
Boulamarque, de, M, French soldier in Canada 1764
Boulanger, Geo. Ernest Jean Marie. Fr. general. 1837 1891
Boulay de la Meurthe, Antoine, Count. Fr. stats 1761 1840
Boullgny, Dominique. Amer. lawyer and senator 1773 1833
Bouligny, John Edward. Am. Lawyer and Cong 1824 1864
Boullogne, Bon. French painter 1649 1717
Boulton, Matthew. English engineer 1728 1809
Bouquet de la Grye, Jean J. A. Fr. hyd'phic eng 1827
Bouquet, Henry. Swiss soldier in America 1719 1766
Bourbaki. Charles Denis Sauter. French general 1816
Bourbon. A French ducal and royal family
Bourbon, de, Charles, Due. Con. Bourbon. Fr. gen 1490 1527
Bourbon, de, Enrique IMarie Ferdinand. Prince. . . 1823 1870
Bourbon, de, Marie Am*?lie. Wid. Louis Philippe 1782 1866
Bourdaloue, Louis. French preacher 1632 1704
Bourdon, Scbastien. French painter 1616 1671
Bourdon de I'Oise, Francois Louis. French revo 17971
Bourdon, Peter Louis Mary. Fr. mathematician 1799 1854
Bourgade, P. French R. C". bishop in America.. .. 1845 ....
Bourgeois, Sister Margaret. Fr. R. C. super, in Can 1620 170O
Bourgeois, Peter Francis, Sir. English painter. . . 1756 1811
Bourguet, Louis. Fr. antiquary and naturalist.. . 1678 1742
Bourget, Paul. French novelist 1862
Bourget, Ignatius. Can. R. C. bishop and author 1799 1885
Bourignon, Antoinette. Flemish fanatic. 1616 1680
Bourinot, John George. Canadian author . 1837 ....
Bourmont, de, L. A.V.,Comte deGhaisne.Mar. Fr 1773 1846
Bourne, Benjamin. Am. jurist and statesman 1755 1808
Bourne, Edward Emerson. American jurist 1797 1873
Bourne, t^eorge. English author in America 1760 1845
Bourne, H. Founder of Primitive Methodists... 1772 1852
Bourne, Nehemiah. English admiral 1611 1691
Bourne, Richard. Eng. missionary in America. , .... 1682
Bourrienne, de, L.A.F. Fr. diplomat, biographer 1769 1834
BouBsingauIt, J. B. Fr. agricultural chemist 1802
Boutaric, Edgar Paul. French historian 1829 1878
Boutell, Charles. Brit, archjeologist 1877
Boutelle, De Witt Clinton. American artist 1820 1884
Bouterwek, F. Ger. philosopher and critic 1766 1828
Bouton, John Bell. American author 1830
Bouton, N. Am. Congreg. clergyman and author. 1797 1878
Boutwell, George Sewall. Am. "politician 1818
Bouvart, Alexis. French astronomer 1767 1843
Bouve, T. T. Am. merchant, naturalist, writer. . . 1815
Bovee, Christian Nestell. Am. lawyer, author 1820
Boves, Jose Tomas. Spanish adventurer 1814
Bouvier, -Andre Marie Joseph. Fr. physician 1746 1827
Bouvler, John. Am. jurist and writer 1787 1851
Bovadilla. SeeBoBADiLLA, de.
1696
BOWDEN — BRECKEN
BORN DIED
Bowden, John, Irish P. E. cl.,edncat'r, author.. . 1751 1817
Bowden, Lemuel Jackson. Am. lawyer, statesm. 1815 18fJ4
BowdicU, Thomas Edward. Eng. trav. iu Africa. 1791 1824
Bowditch, Nathaniel. Am. math. iiav. and author 1773 1838
Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll. Am. lawyer 1805 1S61
Bowdler, Thomas 1754 1825
Bowdoin, James. American statesman 1727 1790
Bowell, Mackenzie. Eug. journ. and sold, in Can 1823 ....
Bowen, Eli. American author 1824 1886
Bowen, Erancis. Am. professor and author 1811 1890
Bowen, George T. Am. chem. edu. and author 1803 1828
Bowen, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1808 1886
Bowen, John S. American soldier. 1829 1863
Bowen, Nntluiuiel. American P. E. bishop 1779 1839
Bowen, iilivcr. American naval oflicer 1800 ....
Bowen, Thomas M. Am. jurist and statesman... 1835 ....
Bower, Walter. Historian 1385 1449
Bowers. Elizaoeth Crocker. American actress... 1830 ....
Bowers George Viuing. American actor 1835 1878
Bowers, rheodore S. American soldier 1832 1866
Bowes, A. R. S., M. p. Hus.of Count, of Strath... 1745 1810
Bowie, James Am. soldier." 1790 1836
Bowie, Kober; Am. soldier and statesman 1750 1818
Bowler, Metcaii. Am. patriot 1730 ....
Bowles, Geoige, Sir. British general 1787 1876
Bowles, Saiiuiel. Am. journalist 1826 1878
Bowles, William Augustus. Am. adventurer 1763 1805
Bowles, William Lisle. English poet 1762 1850
Bowlln, J. B. Am. jurist, statesman and diplomat 1804 ....
Bowman, A. H. Am. soldier, eug. and educator. 1803 1865
Bowman, F. C. Am. lawy. sold, and mus. writer 1831 1884
Bowman, Samuel. Am. P. E. bishop 1800 1861
Bowman, William, Sir. Oculist 1816 —
Bowman, Thomas. Am. M. E. bishop 1S17 —
Bowne, Borden P. Am. educator and author. . . . 1847 ....
Bowring, John, Sir. Eng. statesman and linguist 1792 1872
Bowyer, George, Sir 1811 1883
Bowyer, Wm. Eng. printer and classic scholar.. . 1699 1777
Boxhorn, Marc\is Zuerius. Dutch his. and critic. 1612 1653
Boyce, James Pctigru. Am. Bapt. cl. statsm'n... 1827 —
Boyce, Wm. Eng. composer and organist 1710 1779
Boyd, Andrew Hunter Holmes. Am. Pres, cl 1814 1865
Boyd, .\udrew Kennedy Hutchison. D. D., author. 1825 ....
Boyd, James. Classical and general editor 1795 1856
Boyd, Jas. R. Am. Presl-wterian clergyman 1804 ....
Boyd, John A. Canadianjnrist and author 1837 ....
Boyd, John Parker. American soldier 1764 1830
Boyd, Lynn. American statesman 180O 1859
Boyd, Sempronuis Hamilton. Am. jurist, soldier 1828 ...
Boyd, Uriali Atherton. American inventor 1804 1879
Boydell, John. Lord mayor of Loudon. ATt pub. 1719 1804
Boyden, Seth. Am. inventor and agriculturist.. . 1788 1S70
Boyer, Jean Pierre. Mulat. gen. pres. of Hayti ...1776 1850
Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth. Norweg'n auth. in Am. 1848
Boyland, Geo. Halsted. American physician 1845
Boyle, Jeremiah Tilford. Am. lawyer, soldier 1818 1871
Boyle, John. Am. jurist and statesman 1774 1834
Boyle, John Alex. Am. M. E. preacher and soldier 1816 1863
Boyle, Junius J. American naval officer 1802 1870
Boyle. Robert. Irish chemist and philosopher. . . 1626 1691
Boylston, Nicholas. Am. merch't and benefactor 1716 1771
Boylston, Zabdiel. American physician 1680 1766
Boynton, Chas. B. Am. Pres. clergym., statesman 1806 1883
Boynton, Henry Van N. Am. sold,, engin., auth. ls:i{5 ....
Boynton, Edward Carlisle. Am.soldier and auth. 1825
Boyton, Paul. Ir. nautical adventurer and inveu. 1848 ....
Bozman, John Leids. Am. lawyer and author — 1757 1823
Bozzaris or Botzaris, Marcos. Greek patriot 1790 1823
Brabourne, Edw.H.K.-H., Lord. Eng. politician 1829
Braccio, Fortfliracci. Count of Montoue 1368 1424
Bracciolini, Francesco. Deir Avi. Italian poet 1566 1646
Brace, Charles Loring. Am.peaes.,philan., auth. 1826 1890
Brace, John Pierce. American educator 1793 1872
Brace, Julia. American blind deaf-mute 1807 1884
Brachvogel, Albert Emil. Ger. novelist, dramat. 1824 1878
Brachen, John. American educator 1818
Brackenbridge, Henry M. Am. pol. and author. . 1786 1871
Brackenridge, Heury Marie. Am. jurist, auth'r.. 1786 1871
Brackenridge, Hugh Henry. Scottish lawver 174.S 1816
Brackett, Albert Gallatin. American soldier — 1829 ....
Brackett, Anthony. American soldier 1689
Brackett, Edward' Augustus. Am. sculptor 1819 ....
Brackett, Joshua. Am. phys. and benefactor 1733 1802
Brackett, Walter M. American artist 1823
Bradbury, James Ware. Am. journl't and stats'n 1805
Bradbury, Theophilus. Am jurist and statesman. 17.39 1803
Bradbury, ^^'m. Batehelder. Am. mus.and com.. 1S]6 1868
Bradbury, Wm. Frothingham. Am edu.. author 1829 ....
Braddock, Edward. British general in America. 1695? 1755
Braddon, Mary Elizabeth. English novelist 18;^7 ....
Bradford, Ald'en. Am. Congreg. cl. and author.. . 1765 1843
Bradford, Andrew Bowles. Am. printer, journl'st 16S6 1742
Bradford, A. W. Am. jurist, author, legal writer 1815 1867
Bradford, Augustus W. Am. hiwy. and state^m'n 1805 1881
Bradford, Gamaliel. Am. Revolutionary soldier 1731 1807
Bradford, Gamaliel. Am. political writer 1831 ....
Bradford, Joseph. Am. actor, journalist and poet 1843 1886
Bradford, Joseph M. Am. naval officer 1824 1872
Bradford, Robert. American soldier 1750 1823
BORN
Bradford, Thomas. Am. printer and journalist. . 1745
Bradford, Wm. Second gov. of Plymouth col 15RS
First printer in Pennsylvania... 1663
Am. journalist and Rev. soldier. 1719
Am. soldier, jurist, legal writer. 1755
Am. phys.. lawyer and statesman 1729
American artist 1827
Am. lawyer and statesman. .. . 1783
Bradford, Wm.
Bradford, Wm.
Bradford, Wm.
Bradford, Wm.
Bradford, Wm.
Bradish, Luther.
Bradlaugh, Charles. English social reformer 1833
Bradlee, Caleb Davis. American clergyman 1831
Bradley, Denis. Irish R. C. bishop in America. . , 1846
Bradley, Edward. Rev. English author 1827
Bradley, James. English astronomer 1693
Bradley, Jos, P. Am. jurist, educator and math.. 1813
Bradley, Luther Prentice. American soldier 1822
Bradley, Steph. R. Am. lawyer, sold, and states. 1754
Bradley, Warren Ives. American author 1847
Bradley, Wm. Czar. Am. lawyer and statesman . 1783
Bradshaw, John, English judge 1602
Bradstreet, Anne, New England poetess 1612
Bradstreet, John, American major-general 1711
Bradstreet, Simon, Colonial gov, Massachusetts 1603
Bradstreet, Simon, Am, Cong, clergyman 1709
Bradwardine, Thos. Archbishop of Canterbury. 1290?
Brady, Hugh. American soldier 1768
Brady, Jas. Topham. Am. lawyer and writer 1815
Braga, Teofllo. Portuguese author 1843
Bragdon, Edmund Erastus E. Am, educator 1812
Bragg, Braxton, American Confederate general. 1817
Bragg, Edw, Stuyvesant, Am, sold, and states'n, 1827
Brane, Tycho, Danish astronomer 1546
Brahms, Johannes, German comj^oser 1833
Braidwood.T. Brit, teacher of deaf and dumb.,, 1715
Brainard, Daniel. Am. surg., edu,, writer 1812
Brainard, David Legg. Am, soldier, explorer.. ., 1856
Brainard, Dyar T. Am. phys., botanist, chem
Brainard, J. G. C. Am. lawyer, journalist, poet. , 1796
Braine, Daniel L. American naval officer 1829
Bralnerd, David. Am. missionary to Indians 1718
Bralnerd, John. American missionary 1720
Brainerd, Lawrence. American statesman 1794
Brainerd, Thomas. Am. Presby. cl,, jour,, writ,., 1804
Bramah, Joseph, Eng, inventoVofBramah press, 1748
Braman, B, Am, microscopist, edu,, jour 1831
Bramante d' Urbino, D, L, It, arch., pain'r, poet 1444
Bramhall, John. Irish prelate 1594
Bramlette, T.E. Am. jurist, soldier, statesman,, 1817
Brancaleone, Dandolo, Senator of Rome
Branch, Charles J. West Ind. clergyman 1834
Branch, John. Am. lawyer and statesman 1782
Branch, L. O'Brien. Am. soldier. Congressman.. 1820
Branch, Mary Lydia Holies. Am. auth., jour 1840
Brand, John. E'nglish antiquary 1744
Brande, Wm. Thomas. English chemist 1788
Brandes, Geo. Danish literary critic 1842
Brandls, Christian A. Ger. his. Greek philos 1790
Brandreth, Benjamin, Eng, phy. ben. m Am. . . , 1807
Brandt, Carl Ludwig, Ger, art, .'sculpt, iu Am, . , 1831
Brannan, John Milton, American soldier 1819
Brannan, Samuel. Am. pioneer and journalist. . 1819
Brannan, Wm. Penn. Artist and author in Am
Brant, Catharine. Dan. Mohawk chief 1800
Brant, John. Son of Mohawk chief 1794
Brant, Joseph. ThayeJidaneriea. Mohawk chief. .. 1742?
Brantome, Pierre de Bourdeilles. Fr. historian. 1540
Brascassat, Jacques Raymond, French painter, 1805
Brasher, Al.iraham, American ppet 1734
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Chas. Etienne. Arch,,. 1814
Brassey, Thomas. Baron. Eng. civ. engineer 1805
Brathwaite, Richard. Minor English poet 1588
Brattle, Thomas. Am, merchant and author — 1657
Brattle, William. Am. clerg. edu. and authoi
Brattle, William. Am. law. phy, sol. and statesm 1702
Bratton, Martha. American patriot
Braun, Alexander. Botanist 1805
Braun, August Emil. Ger. arch, and writer 1809
Brauwer or Brouwer, Adrian. Dutch painter — 1608
Bravais, Anguste. French natural philosopher.. 1811
Bravo, Nicolas. Mexican geueral 1790
Bravo-Murillo, Don Juan. Spanish statesman,,. 1803
Braxton, Carter. Am. signer of the Dec. of Ind, , 1736
Bravo, Nicolas. Mexican gen, and statesman — 1792
Bray, Anna Eliza, English author — 1790
Bray, Thomas, Eng, clerg, and philanthropist. .. 1656
Braybrooke, Richard Neville Griffin, Antiquary 1783
Brayman, Mason, Am, soldier law. and journ... 1813
Brayton, Samuel Nelson. Am. phy. surg., edu.,, 1889
Brazza, de, Pierre Savorgnan, Fr ex. of It. descent 1862
Breal, Michel Jules Alfred. French philologist., 18:^2
Brearley, David. Am, jurist and statesman 1745
Breathitt, John. Am.lawyr.surv. and statesman 1786
Brebeuf, de, Jean. Fr. Jesuit missionary in Can. 1593
Breck, Daniel. Am. jurist and statesman 1788
Breck, James Lloyd. Am. P. E. miss, and educ'r 1818
Breck, Robert. Am. clergyman 1713
Breck, Robert, Clergyman iu America 1683
Breck, Samuel. Am. mere. stat. and hist, writer 1771
Breck, Samuel. Am. soldier and educator 1834
Brecken, Frederick. Canadian statesman 1828
DIED
1838
1657
1752
1791
1795
1808
1868
1891
1889
1762
18.30
1868
1867
1669
1672
1774
1697
1771
1349
1851
1869
i862
1876
ieoi
1806
18B6
1863
1747
1781
1870
1866
1814
1614
1663
1875
1258
1863
1862
1806
1866
1867
1880
1866
1867
18.32
1807
1614
1867
1782
1874
1870
1673
1713
1717
1776
1816
1877
1856
1640
1863
1854
1873
1797
1854
1883
1730
1858
1790
1834
1649
1871
1876
1784
1731
1869
BRECKBNRIDGE— BROOKS
1697
BORN DIED
Breckenridge, James. Am. law. and statesman. . 1763 1M6
Breckenridge, John. Am. Presby. el. and edu.. 1797 1S41
Breckenridge, Rob't J. Am. Presby. cl. and edu. 1800 1871
Breckenridge, Wm. C. P. American soldier 1837 18.M
Breckinridge, John Cabell. Am. politician.. . 1821 1875
Brederode, van, Hendrik. Connt. Dutch patriot 1531 156S
Bredow, Gottfried Gabriel. German historian.. . 1773 1814
Bree, Herbert. Eug. P E. bishop in Barbadoes.. 1828
Bree, van, Matthias Itrnatius. Flemish painter. . 1773 1839
Breen, Henry H, Irish author in W. Indies 1805 ....
Breen, Patrick. Irish pioneer in America 1868
Breese, Kidder Randolph. Am. naval otBcer 1831 1881
Breese, Samuel Livingston. Am. naval officer 1794 1870
Breese, Sidney. American jurist and soldier 1800 1878
Breguet, Abraham Louis. Swiss watchmaker.. .. 1747 1823
Brenm, Alfred Edmund. German naturalist 1829 1884
Breidenbaugh, Edw. S. Am. chem., educ, auth. 1849 ....
Breislak, Scipione. Italian geologist 1748 1826
Breithaupt, Johann Fried. A. Ger. mineralogist 1791 1873
Breitlnger, Johann J. Swiss Prot. theol., writer. 1701 1774
Breitkopf, Johann Gottlob Immanuel. Ger. print. 1719 1794
Bremer, Fredrika. Swedish novelist 1801 1865
Brendon, Saint. Irish traveler 1829 1857
Brenan, Joseph. Irish poet and journalist in Am. 1S29 1857
Breneman, Abram A. Am. chem., edu., writer.. . 1847
Brent, Henry Johnson. American author 1811 1880
Brentano, Clemens. Ger. novelist and dramatist 1778 1842
Brentano, Lujo. Political economist 1844
Brenz, Johann. Reformer of Wurtemberg 1499 1570
Brent, Richard. American statesman 1814
Brentano, Lorenzo. Ger. lawy.. journ., diplomat 1813 ....
Brenton, Jahleel. Am. naval bfiacer and author.. 1770 1&14
Brenton, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman. .. . 1810 1857
Brenton, Wm. Eng. statsm'n and surv. in Am 1G74
Bressani, Francisco Giuseppe. Rom. Jesuit mis.. 1612 1672
Breton de los Herreros, Don Manuel. Span, dram't 1800 1873
Breton, Jules Adolphe. French painter 1827
Breton, Raymond. Fr. missionary and author 1609 1679
Bretonneau, Pierre. Fr. phys. and med. writer.. 1771 1862
Bretsclinelder,von,Heinrich Gottfried. Gr.sati'st 1739 1810
Bretsclineider, Karl Gottlieb. Ger. theologian... 1776 1848
Breughel, Jan. Vetret Brnighel. Flemish painter 1568 1625
Brevard. Ephraim. Am. phys. and patriot 17.50 1783
Brevoort, Henry. Land owner in America 1791 1874
Brevoort, James Carson. Am. civil engineer 1818 1887
Brevoort, James Eenwick. .\m. artist and edu... 1832
Brewer, David Josiah. .\natolian jurist in Am.. . 18.37 ....
Brewer, Gardner. Am. merch. and benefactor... 1806 1874
Brewer, John Sherren. English editor 1810 1879
Brewer, Josiah. Am. miss'y. edu. and author.. .. 1796 1872
Brewer, Leigh Richmond. "Am. P. E. bishop 1839 ....
Brewer, Thos. 51. Am. naturalist and author 1814 1880
Brewer, ^Ym. H. Am. chemist educator, writer. . . 1828
Brewerton, Geo. D. Am. soldier and author 1820
Brewerton, Henry. American soldier 1879
Brewster, Benjamin H. American lawyer 1816 1888
Brewster, Charles W. American journalist 1812 1868
Brewster, David, Sir. Scottish physicist 1781 1868
Brewster, James. Am. manufact. and philan. . . . 1788 1866
Brewster, William. Plymouth Pilgrim Father. . . 1560? 1644
Brewster, Wm. Am. ornithologist and scientist. 1851 ...
Brewster, Wm. R. American soldier 1869
Brian BoroUime nr Brian Boru. K. of Ireland. 926 1014
Brianchon, Charles J. French mathematician. .. 1785 1865
Brice, Benjamin W. American soldier 1809 ....
Brice, St. Bishop of Tours beginning of 5th century.
Briceno, Alonso. South American R. C. bishop
Briceno, Antonio Nicolas. Revo, chief Venezuela
Brictier, Alfred Thompson. American artist 1837
Brickett, James. Am. physician and soldier 1737 1818
Bridge, Horatio. Am. lawyer and naval officer... 1806 ....
Bridges, Fidelia. American artist 1835
Bridges, George Washington. Am. jurist, sold'r. 1821 1873
Bridget, Saint. Patroness of Ireland 453 523
Bridgewater, Francis Henry Egerton. Eighth Earl 1756 1829
Bridgman, Frederick .\rthur. American artist.. 1847 ....
Bridgman, Laura. American blind deaf mute... 1829 1889
Briggs, .\mos. Am. manuf'r and statesman 1795 1874
Briggs, Caleb. Am. geologist and benefactor 1812 1884
Briggs, Charles Augustus. Am. Presbv. clerer'n 1841 . . .
Briggs, Charles Frederick. Am. journalist. auYh'r 1804 1877
Briggs, George Xixon. Am. jurist and governor. 1796 1861
Briggs, Henry. Eng. math. [Lnrinrilhmii: Tnblr.^.] lo61 1630
Briggs, Henry Shaw. Amer. soldier and lawyer. . 1824 ....
Briggs, Joseph Wm. Am. postal reformer arid in 1813 1872
Brigliam, Amariah. .im. phvs.. lecturer, author. . 179S 1849
Brlgham, Chas. H. Am. Unit, cler., edu.. writer 1820 1879
Brlgham, Paul. American soldier and statesman 1745 1824
Bright, Edmund, of Maiden. Noted weight. 616 lbs 1721 17.i0
Bright, Jesse D. American jurist and statesman. 1812 1875
Bright, John. English politician 1811 1889
Bright, Jonathan Brown. Am.geneal.. bene., anth 1800 1879
Bright, Marshall H. Am. jour., soldier and writer 1834 ....
Bright, Richard. English phvsician 1789 1858
Brightly, Francis Fred. Am. lawver, lesal writer 1845 —
Brightly, Fred. Chas. Eng. lawver, bibliog. in Am 1812 1888
Brlgnoli, Pas(|uale. Italian vocalist in America. . 1824 1884
Brillat-Savarin, Anthelme. Fr. gastrono. auth. 1755 1826
Brlndis, Claudio J. Cuban violinist in Europe... 1852 —
BORN DIED
Brindley, James. Eng. canal engineer 1716 1772
Brink, Bernard Ten. Dutch philologist 1841
Brink, Jau Ten. Dutch writer 1834
Brinkerhoff, Jacob. Amer. jurist and statesman. 1810 1880
Briniey, Charles A. Am. scientist and manuf'r.. . 1847
Brlnley, Francis. Amer. lawyer, statesm., author 1800
Brinley, Georee. Bibliographer and benefactor.. 1817 1875
Brinton, Daniel G. Am. archseol. ethnolo., auth. 1837
Brinvilliers, de, M. M. d'A. March. Fr. poisoner 1632 1676
Brion, Gustave. French gfwrf painter 1824 1877
Brion, Luis. Columbian naval officer 1782 1821
Briot, Peter Francis of Besanf on. Phys., med. writ 1773? 1826
Brisbane, Abbott Hall. Am. mil. engineer, auth 1861
Brisbane, Wm. H. Am. Bap. clerg.. abolitionist.. 1803 1878
Brisbin, James s. American soldier 1838
Briscoe, Joseph C. Brevet-Gen. U. S. A 1834 1869
Brisson, BarnabL'. Fr. lawver and philologist 1531 1591
Brisson, Mathurn Jacques. French naturalist... . 1723 1806
Brissot de Warville, Jean Pierre. Fr. rev 1754 1793
Bristed, Charles Astor. Carl Bmaon. Am. auth.. 1820 1874
Bristed, John. Am. P. E. clerg., lawyer, author.. 1778 1855
Bristol, Augusta Cooper. Am. edu., lee, author. 1835
Bristol, John Bunyan. American artist 1826
Bristow, Benjamin Helm. Am. lawy'r, statsm. .. 1832
Bristow, Edmund. British painter 1786 1876
Bristow, Geo. F. Am. musican and composer.. .. 1825
Brito, Freire Fraucisco. Portuguese officer, auth 1692
Brittan, Nathan. Am. educator and inventor 1808 1872
Britton, John. English antiquary 1771 1857
Britten, Nathan, Lord. Am. hot., lee, writer 1858
Brizzi, Francesco. Italian painter 1574 1625
Broaddus, Andrew. Am. Bap. clerg., author 1770 1848
Broadhead, Garland Carr. Am. gebl, writer 1827
Broadus, John Albert. Am. Bap. cler.. educator. 1827
Brobst, Samuel R. Kistler. Am. Luth. clerg., auth 1822
Broca, Paul. Fr. sur. and anthropologist 1824 1880
Brocchi, Giovanni Battista. Italian naturalist.. 1772 1826
Brock, Isaac, Sir. British major general 1769 1812
Brockedon, William. Author, artist and inveut'r 178T 1854
Brockenborough, Wm. Am. statesm'n. jurist 1778 1838
Brockenborough, Wm. H. Am. jurist, statesman.. 1813 1850
Brockett, Pierpout. Am. phvs. and journalist... 1820
Brockett, John Trotter. Antiquary 1788 1842
Brockhaus, Fridrich Arnold. Ger. publisher 1772 1823
Brockhaus, Hermann. Ger. linguistic scholar 1806 1877
Erocklesby, John. Eng^ educ. and auth. in Am.. 1811
Brocklesby, Richard. Eng. physician and writ.. 1722 1797
Brockway, John H. Am. lawyer, statesman 1801 1870
Broderick, David Colbreth. American senator... 1820 1859
Brodhead, Daniel. American-soldier. 1736 1809
Brodhead, John. Am. M. E. cl. and statesman. . . 1770 1838
Brodhead, John. M. Am. phys. and public officer
Brodhead, John Romeyn. American historian. . . 1814 1873
Brodhead, Richard, .im. lawyer and statesman. . 1811 1863
Brodhead, Thornton F. Am. soldier and lawver. 1822 1862
Brodie, Alexander. Scottish sculptor 1831 1867
Brodie, Benjamin Collins. Sir. English surgeon. 1783 1862
Brodie, George. Scottish historical writer 1786 1867
Brodrick, George C. Eng. writer and barrister... 1831
Brofferio, Angelo. It. politician, advocate. poet.. 1802 1866
Brogden, Curtis H. Am. soldier and statesman. . 1815 ....
Broglie, de, Achille L. V. C, Due. Fr. statesman. 1785 1870
Brogny, Giovanni A.. Cardinal. Italian prelate.. 1342 1426
Broke, Philip B. v.. Sir. Eng.navalofficerin Am.. 1776 1841
Bromneld, John. Am. merchant and benefactor. . 1779 1849
Bromley, Isaac Hill. Am. lawyer, stats, and jour 1S33 ....
Bromley, Valentine Walter. British artist 1818 1877
Bromme, Traugott. German traveler in America 1802 1865
Brondel, John B. Belgian R. C. bishop in America 1842
Brondsted, Peter Oluf. Danish archseologist 1781 1842
frongniart, Alexandre. Fr, chemist, mineralogist 1770 1847
rongniart, Adolph Theodore. French botanist. 1801 1876
Bronn, Heinrich Georg. German naturalist 1800 1862
Bronson, Greene Carrier. Am. jurist, statesman 1789 1863
Bronson, Isaac H. American jurist 1802 1855
Bronson,^ Silas. American philanthropist 1867
Bronte, Charlotte. C«rrf v Bill. English novelist 1816 1855
Brooke, .^vonia Stanhope Jones. American actress 1S39 1867
Brooke, Francis J. Am. jurist, statesman, soldier 1763 1851
Brooke, Francis J. American soldier 1802 1837
Brooke, George Mercer. American soldier 1851
Brooke, James, Sir. Eng. philanthrop. and gov'r. 1803 1868
Brooke, John R. American soldier
Brooke, Stopford Augustus. Eng. cl. and author. 1832
Brooke, Walker. Am. lawver and statesman 1813 1869
Brooke, Wm. F.H. Major'General U. S. Vols 1870
Brooks, Chas. Am. cl.. educator and writer 1795 1873
Brooks, Charles Timothy. American author 1813 1883
Brooks, Caroline S. Am. inventor and sculptor.. 1840
Brooks, David. Am. sold., jur. and statesman. .. . 1756 1838
Brooks, David. American electrician 1820 1891
Brooks, Edward. Am. educator and author 1831
Brooks, Edward. Canadian statesman 1828 ....
Brooks, Eleazer. Am. soldier and statesman 1727 1806
Brooks, Erastus. Am. educator and journalist. .. 1815 —
Brooks, Horace. American soldier 1814
Brooks, James. Am. journalist and politician 1810 1873
Brooks, James G. Am. jorrnalist and author.. .. 1801 1841
Brooks, John. Am. soldier and statesman 1752 1825
1698
BROOKS — BRYAN
BORN DIED
Brooks, Jos. Am. M. E.cl.. journalist and soldier 1821 1877
Brooks, Kendall. Am. Bap. cl. and educator 1821
Brooks, Lewis. American pbilauthropist 1793 1877
Brooks, Maria Gowen. American poetess 1795 1845
Brooks, Nathan C. Am. educator and author 1819 ....
Brooks, Noah. American journalist and author. . 1830 ....
Brooks, Peter C. Am. merch't and philanthrop't 1767 1849
Brooks, Phillips. American P. E. bishop 1835 ....
Brooks, Preston S. Am. lawyer, sold, andstates'n 1S19 1857
Brooks, Thos. B. Am. military engineer and geol. 18;d6 ....
Brooks, Wm. K. Am. naturalist and scientist. ., , 1848
Brooks, \Vm. Robt. Eug. astronomer in America 1844
Brooks, Wni. Thos. Harbaugh. American soldier 1821 1870
Broom, Jacob. American statesman 1752 1810
Broom, Jacob, Am. statesman 1808 1864
Broom, James M. Am. statesman 1778 ....
Broome, John. Am. merchant ;and statesman 1738 1810
Broome, John L, Am... soldier 1824
Brophy, George. Irish R. C. clergyman in Am.. 1775 1880
Bross, ^villiam. Am. journalist and author 1813
Brosses, de, Charles. French antiquary, writer.. 1709 1777
Brothers, Richard. English fanatic 1757 1824
Brough, Charles H. Am. soldier and statesman. . 1813 1849
Brough, John. Am. journalist and statesman . ... 1811 1865
Brough, William. Eng. comedian and writer 1826 1870
Brougham, Henry (Peter) Lord. Brit, statesman 1778 1858
Brougham, John. Am. actor 1810 1880
Broughton, John C. Hobhouse, Sir. Eng. statesm 17.% 1869
Broughton, Thomas. Colonial governor. 1738
Broughton, William Robert. Eng. navigator 1762 1821
Brouse, Wm. H. Canadian physician, statesman.. 1824
Broussais, Franfois J.V. French physician 1772 1838
Brousseau, Jean Baptist. Can. jour, and lawyer. 1841 ...
Broussonnet, Pierre Marie A. Fr. phys. nat 1761 1807
Brown, Aaron Venable. Virginia statesman 1795 1859
Brown, Albert Gallatin. South Carolina statesm 1813 1880
Brown, Bartholomew. Mass. musical com 1772 18.54
Brown, Bedford. North Carolina senator 1795 1870
Brown, Benjamin Gratz. Governor of Missouri. . 1826 1885
Brown, Buckminster. Massachusetts surgeon... 1819 ....
Brown, Catherine. Cherokee teacher 1800? 1823
Brown, Chad. Early Bapt. elder of Prov., R.I 1665
Brown, Charles Brockden. American author 1771 1810
Brown, David. Cherokee preacher 1806 1829
Brown, David Paul. Philadelphia lawyer 1795 1872
Brown, Egbert Benson. New York soldier 1816
Brown, Ethan .\llen. .\m. jurist and statesman. 1776 1852
Brown, Ford Madox. English historical i>ainter. 1821 ....
Brown, Francis. President Dartmouth college.. 1784 1820
Brown, Geo.. Sir. General : disting'd in Crimea. 1790 1865
Brown, George. L'. S. naval officer 1835 ....
Brown, Geo. ' Canadian journalist and statesman 1818 1880
Brown, Geo. Loring. .-im. landscape painter 1814 1889
Brown, Goold. American grammarian 1791 1857
Brown, Harvey. American soldier , 1795 1874
Brown, HenryArmitt. Philadelphia orator 1844 1879
Brown, Henry B. .American painter 1831 1860
Brown, Henry Billings. American lawyer 1836 ....
Brown, Henry Kirke. American sculptor 1814 1886
Brown, Isaac Van .\rsdale. American clergyman 17.84 1861
Brown, Jacob. U. S. soldier. 1775 1828
Brown, James. New England publisher 1800 1855
Brown, Jas. Cauldwell. Am. Presbyterian minis. 1S15 1862
Brown, Jas. 2d son Chad. Bapt. min. Prov., R. I. 1666 1732
Brown, James. L'.S. Senator from Louisiana.... 1766 1835
Brown, J. C. Scottish landscape painter 1805 1867
Brown, John. Benevolent mer. of Providence, R.I 1736 1803
Brown, John. Soldier of Continental army 1744 1780
Brown, John. United States Senator 1757 1837
Brown, John. Episcopalian divine of New York. 1791 1884
Brown, John. Am. abolitionist of Ossawattomie 1800 1859
Brown, John. German-Virginian clergyman .-. 1771 1850
Brown, John. Son of Chad. Early N. Eng. settler 1630
Brown, John Alexander. Philadelphia merchant 17.88 1872
Brown, J. Appleton. Massachusetts artist 1844
Brown, JohnB. Virginia politician 1807 1867
Bnwn, John Calvin. Soldier and gov. of Tenn.. 1827 1889
Brown, John Carter. Mer. of Prov. R. I., book col 1797 1874
Brown, John George. English-American artist.. 1831
Brown, John Gordon. Canadian journalist 1827
Brown, John H. H. American P. E. bishop 1831 1888
Brown, John Newton. American clergyman 1803 1868
Brown, John Porter. American oriental scholar. 1814 1.S72
Brown, Joseph. Providence mer., amateur scien. 1733 1785
Brown, Joseph E. South Carolina statesman 1821
Brown, Mason. Kentucky jurist 1799 1867
Brown, Matthew. Pennsylvania educator 1776 1853
Brown, Moses. Providence, R. I. merchant, abol. 1738 1836
Brown, Moses. Continental naval officer 1742 1804
Brown, Nicholas. Providence merchant 1729 1791
Brown, Nicholas. Phil, and bene, of Br. Univ... 1769 1811
Brown, Nathan W. U. S. soldier 1S19
Brown, Neil S. Governor of Tennessee 1886
Brown, Ot)adiah. Mer., ]jhilan. of Providence... 1771 1822
Brown, Oliver Madox. Author and artist l,s.55 1874
Brown, Olympia. Lecturer, I'nivers. preacher. . . 1835 ....
Brown, Peter. Canadian journalist 1784 1863
Brown, Phcebe Hinsdale. American poetess 178.S 1861
Brown, Rawdon. English antiquarian 1803 1883
BORN DIED
Brown, Richard. Cherokee chief 1773 1818
Brown, Robert. Soldier and U. S. Senator 1745 1823
Brown <w Browne, Robert. Eng. P'^ritan theol.. . 1550? 1633
Brown, Samuel. Amnrican phvsician 1769 1830
Brown, Saml. R. Au(h. and Am. vijlunteer (1812) 1775 1817
Brown, Samuel Gilman. American educator 1813 1885
Brown, Samuel R. Am. miss, to China and Japan 1810 1880
Brown, Saml., Dr., of Edinb. Chem. theorist, poet 1817 1856
Brown, Solyman. Am. authrr. preacher, dentist. 1790 1865
Brown, Staley. Canadian merchant 1807 1877
Brown, Tarleton. -^m. soldier of the revolution.. 1754 1846
Brown, Thomas. Colonial author 1740
Brown, Thomas. Americau lawyer 1819 1867
Brown, Thomas. American naval officer 1828
Brown, Thomas Storrow. Canadian insurgent... 1803
Brown, Thompson S. New York civil engineer. . . 1807 1855
Brown, Thurlow Weed. Wisconsin journalist 1866
Brown, A\'illiam. Argentine naval officer 1779 ....
Brown, William. Liverpool merchant 1784 1864
Brown, William. Canadian author 1835
Brown, William Faulkner. Am. clergyman 1881
Brown, William Henry. Pa. capitalist 1815 1S75
Brown, William Hill. North Carolina poet 1766 1793
Brown, Wm., Sir. Founder Liverpool Free Library 1784 1864
Browne, B. Bernard. Maryland physician 1842
Browne, Charles F. Artemns Wanl. Humorist.. 1834 1867
Browne, Edward Harold. English divine 1811
Browne, Francis Fisher. Am. editor 1843
Browne, Hablot Knight. Book illustrator 1815 1882
Browne, Irving. N.Y. lawyer and editor 1835
Browne, John Mills. .\m. surgeon 1831
Browne, Johu Ross. Irish-Am. traveler, and auth. 1817 1875
Browne, Maria J. B. Am. teacher, trans., author
Browne, Sara H. Mass. author
Browne, Samuel J. Eug.- Am. clergyman 1788 1872
Browne, Thomas. American soldier 1825
Browne, Thomas. Sir. Eng. phys and author 1605 1682
Browne, ^^'illiam. Massachusetts loyalist 1737 1802
Browne, ^^"ilIiam Hand. American author 1828 ....
Brownell, Henrv Howard. New England author. 1820 1872
Brownell, Thomas Church. P. E. bish. of N Eng. 1779 1865
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. English poetess.. . 1809 1861
Browning, Orviile Hickman. U. S. senator 1810 1881
Browning, Robert. English poet 1812 l,S89
Brownlee, Wm. Craig. Scotch-American clerg 1784 1860
Brownlow, Wm. Gannaway. Am. journalist 1805 1S77
Brown-Sequard, Charles E. Fr.-Am. physiolog'st 1818
Brownson, Nathan, tieorgian statesman 1796
Brownson, Orestes Augustus. Am. author 1803 1876
Bruat, Armand Joseph. French admiral 1796 1855
Bruce, -A.rchibald. American physician 1777 1818
BruceJ Blanche K. African U. S. senator 1841
Bruce, G:-oi"'e. Scotch-American type-founder.. 1781 1866
Bruce, Henry. New England naval officer 1798
Bruce, James. Scottish African traveler 1730 1794
Bruce, J hn Collingwood. English antiquary 1805 ....
Bruce, Robert. King of Scots 1274 1329
Bruce, Frederick W. A. Sir. British diplomatist. 1814 1867
Bruce, Wallace. Popular .American lecturer 1844
Bruck, De Baron. Austrian financier 1799 1860
Brucker, Johann J. Ger. historian, divine 1696 1770
Bruen. Matthias. American clergyman 1793 1829
Brueys, d' , Aigalllers, F. P. French admiral 1753 1798
Brugnatelli, L. V. It. chem. nat'lphil 1761 1818
Brugsch, Ueinrich Karl. Ger. Egyptologist 1827
BriiHl, C-;. Prussian-American physician ' 1826 ....
Briihl, von, H., Count. Prime-minister of A.m. 1700 1763
Brummel, C}. B. (Btnu). Arbiter of elegancies 1778 1840
Brumoy, Pierre. French writer 1688 1742
Brun, Frledrikc S. C. tier, authoress 1765 1835
Brunacci, V. It. maththematician and writer... 1768 1818
Brunck, R. F. P. French critic 1729 1803
Bmne, Guillaume Marie Anne. Fr. marshal 1763 1815
Brunenaut "r Brunhllde. Con. Sig. of Austrasia 634? 613
Brunei, Alfred. Canadian engineer 1818
Brunei, I. K. SoiiofSirMarcIsambard, Eng. eng. 1806 1859
Brunei, M.I. . Sir. Eng. of Thames tunnel 1769 1849
Brunelleschi, rilippo. Flcrentine architect 1377 1444
Brunei, J. C. 7 /ench bibliographer 17,80 1867
Brunlngs, C. Jutch hydraulic engineer 173G 1805
Brunnow, ;le Philip, Baron. Ru. statesm., diplo. 1797 1875
Bruno the G'."eat. Duke of Lorraine 925 965
Bruno, Sair.c. Founder of order of Carthusians.. 1040? 1101
3runo, Giordano. Italian antichristian writer. . . 1550 160O
Brunof, -4rnos Filin, Baron. Russian diplomatist 1796 1875
Brunot, Felix R. American philanthropist 1820
Brunswick, Chas. Fred. Angus. Wm. Ex-Duke of. 1804 1873
Brunswlck-Luneburg, Karl Wm. F. Duke of — 1735 1806
Brur.ton, Mary Balfour. British novelist 1778 1818
Brush, Chas. Francis. American inventor 1849
Brush, Geo. Jarvis. .\m. mineralogist 1831 ....
Brute, Simon Gabriel. R. C.bishopof America . . 1779 1839
Brutus, Lucius J. Roman patriot fl. B.C. 501
Brutus, M.J. One of the assassins of Cjesar. B.C. 85 B. c, 42
Bruyas, Jaques. Fr. missionary to Am. Indians
Bruyere de la, Jean. Fr. author and moralist 1646? 1696
Bruyn de, Kornelis. Dutch traveler, painter. . . 1652 1726
Bruys, de, Pierre. Fr. fanatic, burned at the stake 1147
Bryan, George. Irish- American jurist 1731 1791
BRYAN — BURMEISTER
1699
BORN DIED
Bryan, Marv Edwards. American authoress 1846 ....
Bryan, Thomas Jefferson. Am. art collector 1800 1870
Bryant, EdwiH. California pioneer 1805 —
Bryant, Gridley. American engineer 1789 1S67
Bryant, Joel. American physician ISlS 1868
Bryant, John Howard. Author and legislator — 1807 —
Bryant, Solomon. Indian clergyman 1695 1775
Bryant, William CuUen. Poet and editor 1794 1878
Bryant, William Perkins. American jurist 1806 1860
Bryce, George. Canadian educator 1844
Bryce, James. Eng. political and historical writer 1888
Brydges, Charles John. Canadian official 1826 —
Brydges, Samuel Egerton, Sir. English writer... 1762 18S7
Brydon, Patrick, Fellow of the Royal Society 1741 1818
Bryennios, Philotheos. Metropol.of Nicomedia. 1833 —
Brymner, Douglas. Canadian archivist 1823
Brysone, Andrew. American naval officer 1822 —
Buache, Jean Nicolas. French geographer 1741 1821
Buache, Philippe. French geographer 1700 liiS
Buhe, Adolph. German poet 1802 18(3
Bubna Littiz, Ferdinand, Count of. Aus. general 1/68? 182o
Bucer, Martin. Kulihuni. German reformer 1491 1551
Buch, von, Leopold. German geologist 1774 1853
Buchan, David. British explorer ...1780 lSo7
Buchan, Peter. Auth., collector of Scot, ballads 1790 1854
Buchan, William. English physician 1729 ISOo
Buchanan, Claudius. Chaplain 176S 1815
Buchanan, Fraukliu. Am. naval officer 1800 1874
Buchanan, George. Scot, historian aud poet I.5O6 1682
Buchanan, Isaac. Canadian statesman 1810 1873
Buchanan, James. Fifteenth president of U.S. . 1791 1868
Buchanan, John, D. D. Am, Luth. cl., nat., auth. 1790 1874
Buchanan, Joseph Rhodes. Am. physician 1814 —
Buchanan, Joseph. Am. phys.. edu. aud inventor 178,t 1829
Buchanan, McKeau. Am. actor 1823 1872
Buchanan, Roljert. English author 1841
Buchanan, Robert, Dr. Scottishcl 1800? 187o
Buchanan, Robert Christie. Am. soldier 1810 1878
Buchanan, Sarah. Tenn. pioneer 1831
Buchanan, Thomas McKean. U. S. naval officer. 1837 1862
Buchanan, Virginia Ellen. Am. actress
Buohez, Philippe J. B. Fr. philosophical writer.. 1796 1865
Buchholtz, Rembold. Ger. naturalist 1836 1876
Biichner, Friedrich K. C. Ji. Ger. phllolosopher. 1824 —
Buck, Dudley. Am. mus. composer 1839 —
Buck, Gurdon. N. Y. surgeon 1807 1877
Buckalew, Charles K. U. S. senator from Pa 1821
Bucke, Richard Maurice. Canadian physician... 1837 ...
Buckhout, Isaac Craig. N. Y. civil engineer 1831 1874
Buckingham, Catharinus Putnam. Am. soldier. 1808
Buckingham, George Villiers, first duke of 1592 1628
Buckingham, George Villiers. second duke of — 1627 1687
Buckingham, James Silk. English traveler 1786 1855
Buckingham, Joseph Tinker. N. Eng. journalist 1779 1861
Buckingham, William Alfred. Governor of Conn. 1804 1875
Buckland, Cyrus. American inventor 1799
Buckland, Ralph Pomeroy. U.S. soldier 1812 ....
Buckland, Wm. Dean of Westminster. Geologist 1784 1856
Buckle, Henry Thomas. English historian 1821 1862
Buckley, Arabella B. }rrs. Fislur. Eng. writer. . 1840
Buckley, James Monroe. Meth. divine of the U.S. 1836 —
Buckley, Samuel Botsford. American naturalist. 1809 1884
Buckminster, Joseph. Congregational minister. 1751 1812
Buckminster, Joseph Stevens. Am. clergyman. . 1784 1812
Buckminster, William. American soldier 1736 1786
Buckminster, William J. New Eng. journalist... 1813 1878
Buckner, Alexander. U.S. Senator 1833
Buckner, Simon Bolivar. Confederate soldier... . 1823
Buckstone, John B. Eng. comedian, dram, writer 1S02 1879
Bucquoi, Charles B. de L.. Count. Aus. general. . 1571 1621
Budd, Charles Henry. American physician 1822 1880
Bude, Guillaume. French scholar 1467 1540
Budington, W. I. Cong pastorof Brooklyn, N.Y'. 1815 1871
Buel, Abel. Connecticut mechanic .■ 1750? 1825?
Buel, Jesse. New Y'ork agriculturist 1778 1839
Buell, Don Carlos. Union general of U. S. army . . 1818
Buell, Jacob Dochstader. Canadian politician... 1827
Buell, R. F. Baptist Am. missionary to Greece.. 1813 1866
Buell, Richard Hooker. American engineer 1842 —
Buffier, Claude. Fr. theologian and author 1661 1737
BufBngton, A. R. United States soldier 1837 —
Buffon, de, G. L. L., Compte. Fr. naturalist 1707 1788
Buffum, Edward G. American journalist 1820? 1867
Buford, Abraham. Am. "Continental" soldier 1833
Buford, Abraham. Confederate soldier — 1820 1864
Buford, John. Union soldier 1825 1863
Buford, Napoleon Bonaparte. Union soldier 1807 1883
Bugbee, Lucius Halen. American educator 1830 ....
Bugeaud, Thomas. French marshal 1784 1849
Bugenhagen, J. Pomemnus. Ger. reformer 1485 1558
Bugge, El>ens S. Norwegian philologist 18.33 ....
Bugge, Thomas. Danish astronomer 1740? 1815
Buhle, Johann G. tierman philosopher 1763 1821
Bull. Spanish missionary 1520
Buist, George. Scotch-American clergyman 1770 1808
Bulflnch, Charles. American architect 1763 1844
Bulflnch, Thomas. Boston author 1796 1867
Bulgarln, Thaddeus. Russian novelist, essayist. 1789 ia>9
Bulkeley, Elephalet Adams. Conn, lawyer 1803 1872
BORN DIED
Bulkeley, Peter. Founder of Concord, Mass 1583 1659
Bull, Henry. Governor of Rhode Island 1609 1693
Bull, OleB'ornemann. Famous Nor. violinist 1810 1880
Bull, W. Lieutenant-governor of S. Carolina 1710 1791
BuUant, Jean. French architect 1520? 1578
Bullard, .A.sa. Massachusetts clergyman.... 1804 1888
Bullard, Henry Adams. American jurist 1781 1851
BuUard, Talbo't. Indian physiciau 1815 1863
Buller, Charles. English lawyer aud M. P 1806 1848
Bullett, Alexander Scott. Kentucky statesman. . 1761 1816
BuUinger, Heinrich. Swiss reformer 1S04 1575
Bullions, Peter. Am, ed. of classical schoolbooks. 1791 1864
Bullions, Peter. N. Y'. clergyman and educator.. 1791 1864
Bullock, .\lex. H. Governor of Massachusetts — 1816 1882
Bullock, A. S. C. lawyer, Proviu. congressman... 1730 1777
Bullock, Jonathan R. Am. statesman and jurist. 1815
Bullock, Rufus Brown. Governor of Georgia 1834
Bulllock, William A. Am. inv. of aprinting press 1813 1867
Bullock, William Bellinger. U. S. Sen. from S. C. 1776 1852
Bullus, Oscar. U. S. naval officer 1800 1871
Biilow, von, Friedrich Wilhelm. Prussian gen.. 175.5 1816
Biilow, von, Hans Guido. Ger. com. and pianist 18.30
Bulthaupt, Heinrich Alfred. German author. .. . 1849
Bulwer, W. H. L. E. Eng. author and diplomatist 1801 1872
Bulwer-Lytton, E. G. E. L. British novelist 1806 1873
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward Robert. Eng. poet 1831 1891
Bumstead, Freeman Josiah. N. Y. physician.... 1826 1879
Bunbury, Henry William. Eng. caricaturist 1750 1811
Bunce, Oliver Bell. American author 1828 1890
Bunce, William Gedney. Am. landscape painter 1842
Bunch, Samuel. Tennessee soldier 1786 1849
Buncombe, Edward. Am. Revolutionary soldier — 1777
Bungay, George Washington. Eng.journ. in Am. 1826 —
Bungener, Louis Felix. Ger. Protestant writer . 1814 1874
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm. Ger. chemist 1811 —
Bunsen, von, C. K. J., Baron. Pr. schol. and amb 1791 1860
Bunting, Christopher William. Canadian pub... 1837
Bunyon, John. English preacher 1628 1688
Buol-Scnauenstein, Karl F. Austrian statesman 1797 1865
Buonafede, -ippiauo. Italian writer 1716 1793
Buonamici, Castruccio. Italian writer 1710 1761
Buonarroti, Michel Angelo. See M. A. Buonarroti
Buononcini, Giovanni Ballesta. Ital. composer. 1667 1750
Buononcini, Giovanni Maria. Ital. composer — 1640 1678
Burbage, Richard. Eng. actor 1567? 1618
Burbank, Sidney. U. S. soldier for forty years... 1807 1882
Burbeck, Henry. Am. Rev. soldier 1754 1848
Burbridge, George Wheelock. Can. jurist 1847 —
Burbridge, Stephen Gano. U. S. soldier 1831
Burchard, Samuel D. Am. Presby. divine 1812 1891
Burckhardt, Jacob. Swiss historical writer 1818
Burckhardt, Johann L. Swiss trav. in the East. 1784 1817
Burden, H. Scot, mechanician in Am 1791 1871
Burden, James A. N. Y. iron-master 1833
Burdett, Francis, Sir. Eng. politician 1770 1844
Burdett-Coutts, A. G., Baroness. Eng. philan... 1814 —
Burdette, Rol.iert J. Am. humorist 1844 —
Bureau, Jacques O. Can. statesman 1820 —
Burger, Louis. Am. soldier ls2l 1871
Burger, Gottfried A. Ger. poet 1748 1794
Burges, Tristam. Am. orator and jurist 1770 1853
Burgess, A. Am. Prot. Episc. bishop 1819
Burgess, A. McK. Can. journalist 1850
Burgess, Ebenezer. Am. Cong, preacher 1790 1870
Burgess, E. Am. miss, to India 1805 1870
Burgess, Edward. American yacht-builder 1848 ....
Burgess, George. P. E. bishop of Maine 1809 1866
Burgess, James. English mathematician 1832 ....
Burgess, John William. American educator 1844
Burghley. See Burleigh.
Eurgkmair, Hans. Ger. painter and engraver... 1473 1559
Burgoa Francisco. Mexican monk and author. . 1605? 1681
Burgoyne, John. British soldier 1722 1792
Burgoyne, John Fox, Sir. Son of John. Brit, sold 17.32 1871
Burgundy. Louis. Duke of. Father Louis XV. Fr. 1682 1712
Buridan, Jean. French schoolman 1315? 1358
Burigny, de, Jean L^vesque. French author 1692 1785
Burk, John Daly. Irish-American historian 1808
Burk, John Junius. Louisiana lawyer 1800 l.%6
Burke, .'Edanus. Irish-American jurist 1743 1802
Burke, Edmund. Eng. statesman and orator 17.30 1797
Burke, Edmund. New Englaud lawyer 1809 1882
Burke, John Edmund. Rom. Cath. priest N. Y'... 1852
Burke, Maurice Francis. Irish R.C. bp. in Am... 1845
Burke, John Bernard, Sir. Eng. genealogist 1815
Burke, Stevenson. Am. lawyer and rail'd mngr.. 1826
Burke, Thomas. Gov. North Carolina 1747? 1783
Burkltt, William. English commentator 1650 1703
Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques. Swiss jurist 1694 1748
Burleigh "'■ Burghley, W.C, Lord. Eng. stat'sm. 1520 1597
Burleigh, Celia. wife of Wm. Henry, minister 1825 1875
Burleigh, Charles C. Am. abolitionist. 1810 1878
Burleigh, Geo. Shephard. American poet 1821
Burleigh, Wm. Henry. Americail journalist 1812 1871
Burling, Ciilbert. American painter 1843 1875
Burlingame, Anson. United States diplomatist. 1820 1870
Burlingame, Edward Livermore. NewY'orked.. 1848
Burmann, Pieter. Dutch philologist 1668 1741
Burmelster, Karl Herman Conrad. Ger. nat 1807 —
1700
BURN — CABARRUS
BORN DIED
Burn, Rietiard. English divine and writer 1709 i7:?o
Burn. \Vllliam. English architect 17s9 iSTO
Burnaby, Andrew. English clergyman 1732 1S12
Burnahy, Fred. Gustavus. Eng. traveler 1S42 lS8o
Burnand, F. C. En^.dra., ed. of London "'Punch" 1836 ■■■.
Burnap, Geo. Washington. Am. clergyman 1802 1859
Burne-Jones, Edward. English artist Itvl3 —
Burnes, -ilex.. Sir. British traveler in India 1S0.5 1841
Burnet, David G. Texas politician 17S9 1870
Burnet, Gilbert. Bishop of Salisbury 1&43 1715
Burnet, Jacob. Ohio jvirist and statesman 1770 1853
Burnet, John. Scottish painter, engrav., author. 1784 iS68
Burnet, Kobert. Canadian clergyman 1823 ....
Burnet, William. Colonial governor 1688 1728
Burnet, William. U.S. physician and surgeon... 1730 1791
Burnett, Frances Hodgson". American novelist.. 1&49 ...
Burnett, Heurv Clav. Kentucky lawyer 1825 1866
Burnett, Peter' Hardeman. Governor California. 1807 —
Burnett, Waldo Irving. Massachusetts naturalist 1828 1854
Burnett, Ward Benjamin. United States soldier. 1811 1884
Burnham, Gordon Webster. Conn, manufacturer 1803 18S5
Burnham, Hiram. Brigadier-general U. S. army 1864
Burnham, James C. N. Y. soldier and politician 1820 1866
Burnham, Samuel. Boston author 1833 1873
Burnouf, Eugene. French orientalist 1801 1852
Burns, Alexander. Can. minister and educator. . 1834 ....
Burns, .\nthouy. American fugitive slave 1830 1862
Burns, George. Sir. Founder Cunard line steamers 1797 1890
Burns, Jabez, Kev., D. D.. LL. D. Eng. Bapt. min. 1805 1876
Burns, .lames .Austin. American educator 1840
Burns, John. -'Hero of Gettysburg." 1793 1872
Burns, Robert- Scottish poet 1759 1796
Burns, Robert. Canadian clergyman. . " 1798 1869
Burns, Kol.»ert Easton. Canadian jurist 1805 1863
Burns, Kobert Ferrier. Canadian clergyman 1826 ....
Burns, William Wallace. U. S. soldier 1825
Burnside, .Ambrose Everett. Genl. Union army. 1834 1881
Burnslde, John. Louisiana sugar planter 1800 1881
Burnyeat, John. Am. colonial preacher 1631 1690
Burpee, Isaac. Canadian statesman 1825 1885
Burr, -iaron. CI., pres. PrinceDon college 1716 1757
Burr, Aaron. American statesman 1756 1836
Burr, Enoch Fitch. American author 1818
BtuT, Theodosia. Daughter of .\aron Burr 1783 1813
Burrall, Jonathan. U.S. soldier 1753 1834
Burrall, William Porter. U. S. railroad official.. 1806 1874
Burrlel, Andrt-s Marcos. Spanish scholar 1719 1762
Buxrill, Alexander M. Xew York legal writer 1807 1869
BurrlU, James. U. S. statesman 1772 1820
Burrill, Thomas Jonathan. Am. naturalist 1839
Burrlngton, George. Colonial governor N'. Car 1734
Burritt, Elihu. The Learned Blacksmith. Am. rei. 1810 1879
Burroughs, Charles. Xew England clergyman. .. 1787 1868
Burroughs, George. Massachusetts clergyman... 1650? 1692
Burroughs, Johu. N. Y'. author and fruit'cult — 1837 ....
Burroughs, John Curtis. Am. edu. and divine.. 1818
Burroughs, Stephen. Americau adventurer 1765 1840
Burrows, George. Am. educator and divine 1811 ....
Burrows, William. American naval officer 1785 1813
Burt, Armistead. American Congressman 1S02 1883
Burt, Nathauiel Clark. Am. cl., Palestine expl'r. 1825 1874
Burt, William A. Am. surveyor and legislator.. . 1792 1858
Burton, Asa. X. Eng. cl. and theol. teacher 1752 1836
Burton, Frederic Wm.. Sir. Ir. water-color paint. 1816
Burton, Henry S. U. S. soldier 1818 186»
Burton, John Hill. Scotch historian 1809 1881
Burton, Napier Christie British sold'r and M. P 1759 1835
Burton, Ralph. British soldier in .\merica 1768
Burton, Richard F., Sir. Eng. .\frican explorer. . 1821 1890
Burton, Robert. American Revolutionary soldier 1747 1825
Burton, Robert. Am. member Continental Cong. 1747 1825
Burton, Robert. Eng. philosopher and author. . . 1577 1640
Burton, Warren. New Eng. author and minister. 1800 1866
Burton, William Evans. Eng.-.\m. comedian 18(t4 1860
Burtt, John. Scotch-Americau poet 1789 1866
Bury, William Coutts Keppel, Vise. British M. P. 18.32 ....
Bushecq, Augier Ghislen. Flem. trav., antiquary 1522 1592
Busby, Richard, Dr. Master Westminster school 1606 1695
Busch, Julius Hermann Moritz. German author. 1821
Busoh, Wilhelm. German comic artist 1832
Buschmg, .\uton Friedrich. Ger.geog. and theol. 1724 1793
Buschmann, Jobann Karl Eduard. Ger. philol... 1805 —
Busenhaum, Hermann. Prussian Jesuit 1600 167S
Bush, i-^eorge. American theological writer 1796 1859
Bush, Norton, -\merican landscape painter 1834
Bushnell, Charles Ira. New Y^ork editor 1826 1883
Bushnell, David. .American inventor 1742 1824
Bushnell, Horace. .\m. theologian and author. . . 1802 1876
Bushnell, Wm. .\m. phys. and railroad manager 1800 ....
Bushyhead, Jesse. Chief Jus. tribe Cherokee Ind 1844
Busk, Hans. Originator Eng. vohmteer movem't 1815 1S82
Bussey, Benjamin. Massachusetts philanthropist 1757 1842
Bussey, Cvrus. U. S. major-general of civil war.. 1833
Bustamarite, -inastasio. President of Mexico. .. 1780 1853
Bustamante, Carlos Maria. Mex. archaeologist. 1774 1848
Bustamante, Jose Maria. Mex. musical com. . . 1777 1861
Bustamante y Guerra, JosiJ. Span, naval officer 1759 1825
Busteed, Richard. Irishman, U.S. soldier, lawyer l.'i22 —
Bute, John Stuart, third earl of. Ene. statesman 1713 1792
BOEN DIED
Butler, Andrew Pickens. S. C. jurist and U .S. S. 1796 1857
Butler, Benjamin Franklin. American lawyer. . . 1795 1858
Butler, Benj. F. Mass. lawyer, soldier, politician 1818
Butler, Caleb. New England author 1776 1S54
Butler, Clement Moore. Episcopal divine of N. Y 1810
Butler, Cvrus. Rhode Island philanthropist 1767 1849
Butler, Edward. Officer .\m. Revolution 1803
Butler, Edward G. W. Served Mexican war
Butler, Ezra. Baptist minister andVt. statesman 1763 1838
Butler, Francis. New Y'ork dog-trainer 1810 1874
Butler, Francis E. Presb. cl., chap. U. S. army... 1825 1863
Butler, Frederick. New England author 17667 1843
Butler, George B. N.Y'. lawyer 1809 1886
Butler, George Bernard. Am. artist 1838
Butler, George, D. D. Eng. divine and edu 1774 1853
Butler, James. Am. soldier of the revolution 1781
Butler, James D. .\m. edu., author and clergvman 1815 ....
Butler, John. Am. soldier on the British side 1794
Butler, John B. Am. soldier of 1.812 1792 1870
Butler, John. J. Am. divine, theol. writer, edu.. 1814
Butler, Joseph. Eng. theologian 1692 1752
Butler, Mann. Am. historian 1834
Butler, Matthew C. Confed. maj-gen. and U. S. sen 1836
Butler, Moses. New England surveyor 1702 1756
Butler, Noble. Am. educator 1819 1882
Butler, Percival. .A.m. offi. in wars of 1776 and 1812 1760 1821
Butler, Pierce. Am. senator born in Ireland 1744 1822
Butler, Pierce. Jr. -im. law., hus. of Fanny Kemble 1807 1867
Butler, P. Mason. Soldier, gov. of S. C. 1798 1847
Butler, Richard. .\m. rev. soldier born in Ire 1791
Butler, Robert. American soldier, surveyor
Butler, Samuel. Author of Hudibros 1612 1680
Butler, Simeon. American publisher 1770 1847
Butler, Thomas. Col. in Am. Revolution 1754 1805
Butler, Thomas B. Connecticut jurist 1806 1873
Butler, Thomas L. -\m. soldier under Harrison. 1789 1880
Butler, Walter. Cruel -Ym. soldier of Brit, army 1781
Butler, Wm. Am. ni.ajor-general andstatesman.. 1759 1821
Butler, Wm. U. S. Congressman
Butler, Wm. Ir. -Am. miss. (Methodist) to India. 1819
Butler, ^^'m. Am.officerin Rev. Bro. of Rtch'd
Butler, Wm. A. .Ym. soldier, politician 1791 1880
Butler, Wm. A. New York lawver and author 1825
Butler, Wm.F. Major-general, K. C. B 1838
Butler, Zebnlon. Soldier of Am. Revolution 1731 1705
Butt, Isaac. Irish patriot 1813 1879
Butterfield, Consul Willshire. X. Y. his. writer.. 1824
Butterfield, William. English artist 1814
Butterfield, Daniel. Major-Gen. in U. S. army... 1831
Butterfield, John. Utica exp'man, tele, builder. 1783 1869
Butterworth, Benjamin. Com. of U. S. patents.. 1822
Butterworth, Hezekiah. X. E. auth.. traveler... 1839
Butterworth, Samuel F. Am. lawyer, estate owner 1875
Buttmann, Philipp Karl, Ger. philologist 1764 1829
Buttner, Christian Wilhelm. Ger. nat., philo 1716 1801
Button, Thomas, Sir. Eng. nav. of the 17th cen
Buttre, John Chester. New Y'ork engraver 1821
Buttrick, John. Soldier of the Am. Revolution.. 1715 1791
Buttrick, Isaac. New Y'ork journalist 1816 1874
Button, Thomas Fowell.Sir. British philan 1786 1845
Buturlin, Dmitri Petrovitch. Ru. historian 1790 1850
Buxton, Jarvis Barry. Episcopal clergym. of N.C. 1792 1851
Buxtorf, Johann. German Hebraist at Basel 1564 1629
Buxtorf, Johann. German Hebraist at Basel 1599 1664
Buys, I'aulus. Dutch statesman 1531 1594
Buys-Ballot, Christoph. Dutch meteorolo^st... 1817
Buzot, Francois Leonard Nicolas. Fr. politician. 1760 1793
Byerly, Wm. Elwood. Am. mathematician 1849
Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall. Am. poet., dip 1838
Byfleld, Nathaniel. Eng. jurist in .Ymerica 1653 1733
Byford, Wm. Heath. .Ym. physician 1817
Byles, Mather. Cong, minister in Boston 1707 1788
Byles, Mather, Jr. Episcopal clergyman, in Am. 1735 1814
Byllynge Edward. Colonial proprietary in ^m 1687
Bylot '"" Bylor, Robert. Brit, navigator 'l7th ctr'y
Byng, John. English admiral '. 1704 1757
Byngton, Cyrus. -Ym.missionary to theChoctaws. 1793 1868
Bynkershoek, van, Kornelis. Dutch jurist 1673 1743
Byrd, Evelvu. Famed for beauty and ^vit 1707 1737
Byrd, Harvev Leouidas. Phys. and Confed. surg. 1820 1884
ByTd,Wm. Colonial official in Virginia 1650 1704
Byrd, Wm. junior. Colonial official in Virginia. . 1674 1744
Byrd, Wm. Virginia soldier and legislator 1728 1777
Byrd, William. English composer 1538 1623
BjTglus, Justus. Swiss astronomer. Inventor 1552 1633
Byron, George Gordon. Lord. English poet 1788 1824
Byron, Henry James. English dramatist.. 1835 1884
Byron, John. British naval officer 1723 1786
Bystrbm, Johan Nils. Swedish sculptor 1783 1848
Bzowski or Bzovius, Abraham. Polish theolog'n 1567 1637
c
Ca.\3a.lleT0,Fernan. Cecilia B.deFaber. Span. nov. 1797 1877
Cahallero, Jos^ .Ygustin. Cuban edu. and author 1771 1835
Cahallero y Ociro", Juan. Mex. priest and philan 1644 1707
Cahanis, Pierre J. G. Fr. phys. philos. and pol... 1757 1808
Cabarrus. Francois. Fr. financier in Snain 1752 1810
CABELL — CAM PBELL
1701
BORN DIED
Cabell, E. C. Am. statesman, soldier, and writer isitl ....
Cabell, G. C. Am. soldier, lawyer, and statesman 18:^7 ....
Cabell, James Lawrence. Am. phys. edu. and au. ISIB ....
Cabell, Joseph. Am. statesman and soldier 1732 1798
Cabell, .Samuel Jordan. Am. statesman and sold 1756 1818
Cabell, Williiim H. Am. jurist and statesman. . . 1772 1853
Cabell, William. English surgeon in Am 1700 1774
Cabell, William, Col., Sr. Am. colonist 1730 1798
Cabet, Etienue. French communist 1788 1856
Cabeza de Vaca. Spanish esfplorer 1507 1559
Cabezas, Altamirano Juan de las. Spanish bp 1615
Cable, Georse Washington. Am. novelist 1844
Cabot, George. Pres. of Hartford convention 1751 1823
Cabot, John. Discoverer of N. Am. cent, in 1497 1498?
Cabot, Sebastian. English navigator 1474? 1557?
Cabral, de, Pedro Alvarez. Portuguese navigator 1526?
Cabrera, Don, Ramon. .Spanish general 1810 1877
Cabrera, Miguel. Mexican artist 1730
Cabrera, Quiutero Cayetauo. Mexican author 1775
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez. Portuguese navigator 1543
Caccia, Guglielmo. /^ JVo'^ra/ro. Italian painter. . 1568 1625
Caeciatore, Gaetano. Italian astronomer 1814 18S9
Caceres, de, Alonso. Spanish soldier 1499 1554
Caceres, Andres Avelino. Peruvian soldier 1831
Cadalso, de, JoBiJ. Spanish poet and satirist 1741 1782
Cadamosto, da, -ilviseor Luigi. Ital. navigator. 1432? 1480?
Cade, .lulm. ./lilt ( ■,!./(•. British rebel 1450
Cadeil, Francis. Scotch explorer of Murray Riv. 1822 1879
Cadell, Robert. Scotch publisher 1788 1849
Cademosto, da, Aloys. Venetian explorer. 1432? 1480?
Cadet de Gasslcourt, Chas. L. Fr. pharm., author 1769 1821
Cadet de Vaux, Antoine A. F. French chemist. . 1743 1828
Cadillac, Antoine de la M. FounderDetroit in Am 1057 1730
Cadogan, Wm.,, first earl. English general 1675 1726
Cadol, Victor Edouard. French dramatist 1831
Cadoudal, Georges. French Royalist 1777? 1804
Cadwalader, George. American soldier 1804 1879
Cadwalader, John. Am. jurist and statesman. .. 1805 1879
Cadwalader, John. Am. Revolutionary gen 1742 1786
Cadwalader, John L. Am. lawyer, statesman. . .. 1836 ....
Cadwalader, Lambert. Am. sol. and statesman.. 1743 1823
Cadwalader, Richard McCall. Am. lawyer 1836 ...
Cadwalader, Thomas. American physician 1708 1779
Cadwalader, Thomas. Am. lawyer and soldier. 1779 1841
Cadwalader, Thomas. American soldier 1795 1873
Cady, -Mttemarle. American soldier 1809 ...
Cady, Daniel. American lawyer 1773 1859
CSieamon. Fat//fro/ Emj. >>o>ni. Ang.-Sax. poet. . fl. 670
Caelius Aurelianus. Greek physician fi. 5th. c.
Caesar, Gains Julius. Roman gen. and diet. .b. c. lOO- 44
Caffarelli or GaffarelU. It. soprano singer 1708? 1783
Caffarelli duFalga, Louis M. J. M. Fr. gen 1756 1799
Cagger, Peter. Am. lawyer and statesman 1812 1868
Cagliarl, Paolo. Pnul Veronese. It. painter 1530? 1588
CagUostro, di. G. B., Count. Sicilian impostor. .. 1743 1795
Cagnola, Luigi, Marquis. Italian architect 1762 1833
Cagnoli, Antouio. It. astronomer and philos 1743 1816
Canoone, J. Benjamin. Naval pay-director 1800 1873
Cahours, Anguste A. T. Fr. chemist 1813
Caicedo, Domingo. Colombian statesman 1783 1843
Calll6 or Caillife, Rem?. Fr. traveler in Africa 1799 1838
Caillet, Guillaume. Fr. insurgent leader 1359
Cailliand, Fred(?ric. French traveler 1787 1869
Caillot, Joseph. French actor 1732 1816
Cain, Richard H. Am. A. M. E. bp and states. . . 1825 .. .
Caines, George. American legal writer 1771 1825
Caird, James. Sir. Scot, agricul. and politician.. 1816
Calrd, John, D. D. Scottish preacher 1820
Cairnes, John Elliot. Eng, political economist.. 1823 1875
Cairns, Hugh MacCalmont, Lord. Irish lawyer.. 1S19 1885
Calroli, Benedetto. Italian statesman 1826 1889
Caius, Joh-n. Eng. physician and author 1510 1573
Calx de Saint Aymour, de, Amedi^e V. Fr. travl'r 1843 -
Cajetanus, (/(■!?. Cajetano,)Thos.deVio.It.card'l 1470 1534
Caiigal, Francisco Antonio. Marquis of Cajigal. .. 1695 1777
Calafquin, .■iunmcauian soldier 1510 1602
Calamy, Edmund. English divine 1600 1666
Calanoha, Frey Antonio de la. Spanish educat'r 1,590 1650
Calcker, van, Jan Stephanus. Flemish painter. 1499? 1,546
Caldara, Polidoro. Caranutaio. Ital. painter. . . 1492? 1543
Caldas, Francisco JosiS de. Colombian scientist. 1771 1816
Caldas, Pereira de Souza Antonio. Brazil, poet.. 1762 1814
Caldecott, Randolph. English artist 1816 1886
Calderino, Domizio. It. iihilo. and scholar 1447? 1477
Calderon, Philip Hermogenes. French artist 1833
Calderon de la Barca, Pe.lro. Spanish dramat'st. 1600 1681
Calderon de la Barca, Frances I. Scot, edu in Am lsi8
Calderon, Fernando. Mexican dramatist 1809 1845
Calderon, Francisco Santiago. .Span, bishop 1736
Caldicott, Thomas Ford. Eng, Bapt. clergy, in Am 1803 1869
Caldwell, Alexander. American jurist 1839
Caldwell, Alexander. Am. soldier and statesm'n 1830 ....
Caldwell, Charles Bromedge. Am. naval oflicer.. 1823 1877
Caldwell, Charles. Am. physician and writer. . .. 1772 1853
Caldwell, David. Am. Pres. clergym. and patriot 1725 1824
Caldwell, George Chapman. Am.chem.aud auth. 1834 ....
Caldwell, Henry Clay. Am. jurist and statesman 1835 ....
Caldwell, James. Am. clergyman and i>atriot .. . 1734 1781
Caldwell, John. Am. statesman and Lieut. Gov 1804
BORN DIED
Caldwell, John,Curti3. Am. senator and diplomat 1833
Caldwell, Joseph. American scholar 1773 1835
Caldwell, Lisle Bones. Am. educator and author 1834
Caldwell, Merritt. American author 1806 1848
Caldwell, Samuel. American soldier
Caldwell, Samuel Lunt. Am. Baptist clergyman. 1820
Caldwell, William Warner. American poet 1823
Caldwell, Zenas. Am. educator and writer 1800 1826
Calef, Kob't. Opposer of witchcraft persecutions ... 1723?
Calepino, Ambrogio. Ital. lexicographer 1435 1511
Calhoun, Geo. A. Am. clerg. and polemic writer.. 1789 1867
Calhoun, John C. American statesman 1782 1850
Calhoun, John E. Am. lawyer and statesman 1749 1802
Calhoun, Simeon H. American missionary 1804 1876
Calhoun, Wm. B. Am. statesman and writer 1796 1865
Caligula, Caius Cfflsar. Roman emperor 12 41
Calixtus, Georgius. Ger. Lutheran divine 1586 1656
Calkins, James. English composer 1786 1862
Calkins, Norman A. Am. educator and author. .. 1822
Calkoen van Beeck, Jan F. Dutch astron 1772 1811
Call, Daniel. American lawyer and writer 1765 1840
Call, Rivhard Keith. American soldier 1757 1792
Call, Richard K. Am. soldier and statesman 1791 1862
Call, Wilkinson. American statesman 1834
Callcott, Augustus W., Sir. Eng. lands, painter.. 1779 1844
CallCOtt, John W. Bro. of Sir Augustus. Eng.com 1766 1821
Calleja, Don Felix del Rey. Spanish general 1760 1821
Calleja, Emilio. Spanish soldier 18;30
Callender, Franklin D. American soldier 1817 1882
Callender, Jas. T. Scot, political writer in Am 1813
Callender, John. Am. Bapt. clergvm., historian. 1706 1748
Callet, Jean Frangois. Fr. mathematician 1744 1798
CalUeres, Bon. L.H., Chevalier de. Fr. Gov. Can. 1639 1703
Callleres, de, Franfois. Fr. statesm. and writer. 1645 1717
CallimacliMs. Greek poet and grammarian B.C. 240?
Callot, Jar(iues. French artist and engraver 1592 1635
Calmes, Marquis. American soldier 1755 1834
Calmet, -\ugu.<tin. Frenchmonk 1672 1757
Calogera "/■ Calogiera, .ingelo. Italian scholar.. 1699 1768
Calomarde, Don Francisco T.. Duke. Span, states. 1775 1842
Calonne, de, Charles Alexandre. Fr. statesman.. 1734 1802
Calovius, Abraham. Prussian L\itherau preacher 1612 1686
Calprenede, dela, G deCostes.Sr. Fr.nov 1612 1663
Calthrop, Saml. Robt. Eng. Unit, clergy, in Am, .. 1829
Calvart 'ir Calvaert, Denis. Flemish painter 1555 1619
Calverley, Charles. American sculptor 1.833
Calverley, Charles Stuart. English parodist 1831 1884
Calvert, Benedict. American Governor 1732
Calvert, Edward Henry. .\m. Pres. of the council 1702 1730
Calvert, Frederick Grace. English chemist 1819 1873
Calvert, George Henry. American author 1803 1889
Calvert, George, Sir. Founder of Maryland 1.582 1632
Calvert, Leonard. First Governor of Slaryland. . 1606 1647
Calvi, Lazzaro. Genoese painter 1.502 1.587
Calvin, John. Fr. Protestant reformer at Geneva 1509 1564
Calvin, Samuel. Scottish geologist in America.. . 1840
Calvo, Carlos. Argentine diplomat and author, . . 1824
Camacbo, Roldan Salvador. Columbian statesm. 1827
Camargo, Marie Anne C. Dancer of Brussels 1710 1770
Camargo, Sergio. Colombian statesman, diplom. 1833
Cambac6res, de, Juan Jacques R. Fr. statesman. 1753 1824
Cambiaso, Luca. Italian Fresco painter 1527 1585
Cambini, Giuseppe. Italian composer 1746 1832
Cambon, Joseph. French revolutionist 1757 1820
Cambreleng, Churchill C. Am. statesman, dipl. 1786 1862
Cambronne, de, Pierre J E. Baron. Fr. general. 1770 1842
Cambyses. King of the Medes and Persians B. c. ,500
Camden, Chas. P. Lord chancellor of England. . . 1714 1794
Camden, William. English antiquary 1551 1623
Camerarius, Joachim. German philologist 1500 1574
Cameron, Alan. Sir. English soldier 1828
Cameron, Angus. Am. lawyer and statesman.... 1826
Cameron, Archibald. Dr. Scot. Jacobite: executed 1698 17.53
Cameron, Donald. The Gentle Lochiel.&cot.ahiei. 1695? 1748
Cameron, Hector. Canadian lawyer 1833
Cameron, Henry Clay. Am. educator 1827 ....
Cameron, James. American editor and soldier. . 1801 1861
Cameron, James D. Am. statesman. Sec. of War. . 18.33 ....
Cameron, John. N. Scotian R. C. bp.and educ. . . 1827 ....
Cameron, John Alexander. English journalist.. 1843 1887
Cameron, John II. Fr. statesman In Canada 1817 1876
Cameron, JIalcolm. Canadian statesman 1808 1876
Cameron, Matthew C. Canadian jurist, statesm. 1822
Cameron, Robert A. Am. phys. and statesman. .. 1828
Cameron, Roderick W, Sir. Canad. ship-owner. . 1825 ....
Cameron, Simon. American politician 1799 1889
Cameron, Vsrney L., C. B. African explorer 1844
Cameroni, Angelo. Italian sculptor 1867
Camlnatzin. Mexican King 1521
Caminha, de, Pedro Vaz. Portuguese explorer. .. fl. 1500
Cammerboff, John F. Ger. Mor. bishop in .\m. . . 1721 1751
Camoens, Luis. (PoiV.DeCamoes.) Port, iioet.. 1524 1579
Campan, Jeanne L. H. G., Mine. Fr. educa'ist . 17.52 1822
Campanella, Tommaso Italian philosopher 1568 1639
Campbell, Alexander. Founder Campbellites.. . 1786 1866
Campbell, Alexander A. Am. Presby. cl., phys.. 1789 1846
Campbell, Alexander, Sir. Eng. lawyer, statesm'n 1822
Campbell, Andrew. American inventor 1821 1890
Campbell, Archibald. Marq. of Argyll. See Argyll.
1702
CAMPBELL — CARMAN
EOEN DIED
Campbell, Archibald, Sir. Scottish soldier in Am 1739 1791
Campbell, Bartley. Am, jourualist and dramatist 1843 18S8
Campbell, Charles, Am. educator, historiaa 1S07 1S76
Campbell, Charles T. American soldier 1823
Campbell, Cleveland J, American soldier 1836 1865
Campbell, Colin, L, C, British field marshal 1792 1863
Campbell, Donald, Scot, soldier in America — 1735 1763
Campbell, Duncan R, Scottish cl, in America.. 1814 1865
Campbell, George W, American statesman. 1768 1848
Campbell, Helen Stuart, American authoress. . . 1S39 —
Campbell, Hugh George, American naval officer 1760 1820
Campbell, Jabez Pitt, Am. A. M, E,bp„ journ.,, 1815
Campbell, James. American jurist 1813
Campbell, James V. American jurist and writer 1823
Campbell, Jesse H, American cl, and author 1807
Campbell, John, Scottish public officer in Am.. 1653 1728
Campbell, John, English author in Am 1708 1775
Campbell, John, Scottish soldier in Am 1806
Campbell, John, English clergyman and editor 1794 1867
Campbell, John, American surgeon 1822 —
Campbell, John, Canadian physician and writer 1839
Campbell, John Allen, American soldier.. . 1835 1880
Campbell, John Archibald, American jurist 1811 —
Campbell, John B, Brit, jurist and lord chan.. ,, 1779 1861
Campbell, John B, Am, soldier 1814
Campbell, John Francis, Scottish folklorist 1822 1885
Campbell, John Lvle, Am, chemist and author.. 1818 1886
Campbell, John M'Leod, D. D, Scot theologian.. 1800 1872
Campbell, John Nich, Am. Pres, cl, and writer. , 1798 1864
Campbell, John P. Am. cl., phys, and author 1767 1814
Campbell, John Wilson, American jurist 1782 1833
Campbell, Lewis Davis. Am. editor and diplomat 1811 1882
Campbell, Richard. American soldier 1781
Campbell, Sherwood Coan. American singer 1830? 1874
Campbell, Thomas. British poet ■. 1777 1814
Campbell, Thomas. Irish clergyman in Am 1763 1854
Campbell, Thompson. American statesman 1868
Campbell, William, .\merican soldier 1745 1781
Campbell, William, Lord. Governor of S. Car 1778
Campbell, William, Sir. Scottish jurist in Can. . 1758 1834
Campbell, William Bowen. Am.sold'r, states'n.. 1807 1867
Campbell, William Henry. Am. educator 1808 ....
Campbell, William W. Am. jurist and author... 1806 1881
Campe, Joachim Heinrich. Ger. writer, philan.. 1746 1818
Campeche, Jost!'. Porto Rican artist 1752 1809
Campeggio, Lorenzo. Italian cardinal 1474 1.^39
Camper, Peter. German anatomist 1722 1789
Camphausen, Ludolph. Prussian statesman — 1S03 ....
Camphausen, Wilhelm. German painter 1818 1885
Campbuysen, Dirk Rafelszoon. Dutch painter.. 1586 1627
Campi, Giulio. Italian historical painter 1500? 1572
Campomanes, Pedro R.. Count. Span, statesman 1723 1802
Campos, Martinez. Spanish general 1830
Campuzano, Baltasar. Peruvian monk and au 1666
Camuccini, Viucenzo. Roman painter 1775? 1.S44
Camus, le, .-^utoiuo. French physician 1722 1772
Camus, Arnuiud Gaston. Fr statesman 1740 1804
Canale oi' Canaletto, Antonio. Italian painter... 1697 1768
Canale or Canaletto, Bernardo. Venetian painter 1720 1780
Canales, Servando. Mexican soldier 1830 1883
Canani, Giovanni Battista. Italian anatomist... 1515 1579
Canby, Edward R. S. American general 1819 1873
Cancellleri, Francesco Girolamo. It. scholar 1751 1826
Cancer, Louis. Spanish missionary and author 1549
Cancrin, Georg, Count. Russian statesman 1774? 1845
Candia, de. Pedro. Greek adventurer 1542
Candidus, William. American opera singer 1840 ....
Candlisb, Rob'tS., Rev. L'd'r of Free Ch. of Scot. 1807 1873
Candlisll, Robert Smith. Scottish preacher 1806 1873
Candolle, de, Alphonse L. P. P. de. Swiss botan. 1806
CandoIIe, de. Augustin P. Swiss botanist 1778 1841
Canedo, Juan de Dios. Mex. stat. and diplomat.. 1786 1850
Canek. Cacique of Itzalan, Mexico 1532
Canello, I'go .\ngeio. Italian philologist 1S4S 1883
Canestrini, Giovanni. Italian naturalist 1835 ....
Canetta, Andres H. de M. Marquis of, Sp. states'n 1560
Canfield, Francesea Anna. American poetess 1803 1823
Canfield, Henry Judsou. American author 1789 18,56
Canga-Argiielles, Jose. Spanish statesman 1770 1843
Canini, Marc Antonio. Italian philologist 1822
Canlslus, Petrus. Dutch Jesuit and theologian. . 1524 1697
Canniif, William. Can. phys., edu. and author. . . 18.30 ....
Canning, Charles John, Earl, English statesman 1812 1862
Canning, Geo, Fath. of preceding. Eng, statesm, 1770 1827
Cannon, James S, W. Indian Dutch reform cl,.. 1776 18.52
Cannon, Newton. ,\merican statesman... 1781 1842
Cannon. William, .\merican statesman - 1809 1865
Cano, Alonzo. Kl Rueitmrnt. Spanish painterV . . 1601 1667
Cano, del, Juan Sebastian. Spanish navigator 1526
Oanonica, della, Luigi. Italian architect 1742 1834
Canonicus. Narragansett chief 1565? 1647
Canot, Theodore. Italiau adventurer 1807
Canova, .\ntonio. Italian sculptor 1757 1822
Canrobert, Fran<;;ois Certain. French marshal... 1809 ....
Canstein, Karl Hildebrand, Baron. Ger. philan.. 1667 1719
Cantacuzenus, John. Emp. of Constantinople 1411?
Cantarini, von, Simone. Italian painter 1612 1648
Cantemir, Demetrius. Russ.historian.orientalist 1673 1723
Canter, Willem. Dutch critic and philologist 1542 1575
BORN DIED
Canterbury, Chas. Thos. Longley. D.D. Abp.of..l794 1868
Canterzani, Sebastaiuo. Italian mathematician. 1734 1819
Cantor, MDriz. Ger. historian and mathematician 1829
Cantu, Cesare. Italian author 1805 ....
Canute, Cnut or Knut. Kingof Eng.and Denm'k 995? 1035
Canz, Israel Gottlieb. German philosopher 1690 1753
Capefigue, Jean Baptiste H. R. Fr. historian 1802 1872
Capel, .Arthur. Earl of Essex. Lord Lieut, of Ire. 1631 1683
Capel, Thomas J., Monsig. Eng. Catholic prelate 1836
Capeli, Edward. Eng. commentator on Shak 1713 1781
Capellini, Giovanni. Italian naturalist 1833
Capello, Biauca. Grand duchess of Tuscany 1548? 1587
Capen, Elmer Hewitt. American Universalistcl. 1838
Capen, Xahum. American jour, and author 1804 1886
Capendu, Ernest. Fr. novelist and dramatist... 1828 1868
Capers, Wm. American M. E. bp. and editor 1790 1855
Caperton, .\llen Tavlor. American statesman... 1810 1876
Capet, Hugh. King' of France 940? 996
Capillana. Peruvian princess 1549
Capistrano, da, Giovanni. It. monk, preacher. . 1385 1456
Capito, WolfgaugFabricius. Ger. refer, scholar. 1472 1541
Capmany, de, Antonio. Spanish philol,, hist 1742 1813
capo d' IstriaorCapodistrias, John A. Pres. Gr. 1776 1831
Cappa, C'arlo Alberto. Sardinian band-master.. 1834
Cappel, Louis. The Ymmcirr. ¥r. theologian 1585 1658
Cappeliari, Gennaro .\nt6nio. Italian writer... 1655 1702
Cappello, Bernardo. Italian poet 1510? 1565
Capperonnier, Claude. Fr. linguist and critic. 1671 1744
Capponi, Alessandro G., Marquis. Ital. scholar. . 1683 1746
Caprara, Giovanni Battista. Italian cardinal... 1733 1810
Caprivi de Caprara de Montecuculi, von. Geo L. 1831
Caracalla, Marcus A. A. Emperor of Rome 188 217
Caraccioli, Francesco, Prince. Xeapolitan adma. 1748 1799
Caractacus. Ancient British chief fi 50
Carador-AUen, Maria Mme. Eng. voc. in Am... 1800 1865
Caradori, Anna. Scottish vocalist in American. 1822
Carbery, J. J. Irish R. C. bishop In Canada 1823 1887
Carafa, Carlo. Italian poet 1851
Caraffa or Carafa, Michele E. Neapolitan comp.. 1787 1872
Caraglio, Giovanni Giacomo. Italian engraver.. 1510? 15701
Cara-Mustafa. Grand vizier of Turkey 1634 1683
Caraud, Joseph. French piainter 1821 ....
Caravaggio, da, Michel .\. A. Italian painter 1569 1609
Carbuccia, Gen. French archaeologist 1854
Cardano, Geronimo or Girolamo. It. physician. . 1501 1576
Cardenas, Bernardino de. Peruvian R. C. bishop .... 1668
Cardenas, Luis Ignacio P. y. Cuban R. C.abp... 1749 1810
Cardenas y Rodriguez, HoseaM.de. Cub. author 1812 1882
Cardenas y Rodriguez Nicolas de. Cub. author 1814 1868
cardigan, James T. B., Earl of, Brit, general 1797 1868
cardinal, Joseph Narcisse, Can'n revolutionist.. 1808 1838
Cardonne, Denis Dominique, Fr, orientalist 1720 1783
Cardoso, Jose Joaquin, Mexican author 1802 1878
Cardozo, Isaac N, American journalist 1786 1850
Carducci, Giosue, Italian poet 1836 —
Carducci, Bartolommeo. Flor. painter in Spain. 1560 1608
Carducci, Viucenzo. Brother of precedine^, Ptr... 1568 1638
Cardwell, Edward, Vise, Eng, "hist,, antiquarian. 1813 1886
Careme, Marie .\ntoine. French cook 1784 1833
Carew, Benjamin Hallowell, Sir, Brit, admiral. . 1760 18S4
Carew, Thomas. English poet and courtier 1598? 16,39T
Carey, Henry Charles, Am, political economist. 1793 1879
Carey, John L. American political economist 1852
Carey, Mathew, Father of Ilenri/ C. Am. pub, au, 1760 1839
Carhart, Henry S, Am, physicist and writer 1844
Carbart, Jereiniah, American inventor 1813 1868
Carbeil, de, Etienne, Fr, missionary in Canada 1726
Carissimi, <-iiovanui Jacopo, Italiau composer.. 1582? 1673?
Carlberg, Gotthold, Germ, mus, con, and editor 1838 1881
Carlen, Emilia Fiygare, Swedish novelist 1807 1883
Carleson, Eduard. Swedish diplomatist 1704 1767
Carleton, Guy, Sir, Lord Dorchester. Brit. general 1724 1808
Carleton, Heiiry. American jurist and writer.. .. 1785 1863
Carleton, James Henry. American soldier 1814 1873
Carleton, Osgood. Am. carto.grapher and math.. 1742 1816
Carleton, Thomas. English soldier in Canada — 1736 1817
Carleton, Will. American poet 1845 ....
Carleton, William. Irish novelist 1794 1869
Carli, Gian Rinaldo, Count, It, antiquary and hist 1720 1795
Carlile, John Snyder, Am lawyer and statesman 1817 1878
Carlin, John, American deaf-mute artist 1813
Carlln, Thomas, American governor of Illinois. . 1791 1853
Carlin, William Passmore. American soldier 1829
Carling, John. Canadian statesman 1828
Carlisle, Anthony, Sir. Eng. surg. and physiol... 1768 1840
Carlisle, Earl of." See G. W. F. Howard.
Carlisle, John Griifln. Am. lawyer and statesman 1835
Carlisle, Richard Risley. American athlete 1814 1874
Carll, John Franklin. Am. jourl'st., civil en 1828
Carlos, Don, Infante of Sp,. pretnd'r to crown.. . 1788 1855
Carlos, Don, Duke of Madrid, claim't, Sp, throne 1848
Carlowitz, de, -\lovse C, Baronne, Fr. authoress 1797 1863
Carlstadt, -\ndreas Rudolph. Ger. reformer 1483? 1541
Carlton, Thomas. Am, M, E, clergyman 1808 1874
Carlyle, Alexander. Scot. Presby, ecclesiastic... 1722 1805
Carlyle, Thomas. Brit, essayist and historian. .. 1795 l.'Sl
Carmagnola, di, Francesco B.. Count. It. gen'l. 1390? 1432
Carman, Albert. Canadian M. E.bp. and edu 1833
Carman, Captain. American navigator 1645
CARMAN — CASTELAR
1703
BORN DIED
Carman, Robert Baldwin. Canadian jurist 1S43
Carmeli. Michelangelo. It. monk and scholar 1706, 1766
Carmicliael, \villiam. American diplomat ' 1795
Carmiencke, John Hermann. Ger. artist in Am.. ISIO 1867
Carmignani, Giovanni Alessandro. Ital. jurist. . 1768 1847
Carminati, Bassiauo. Italian physician 1750 1830
Carmontelle, French dramatic writer 1717 1806
Carmouche, Pierre Frederic A. Fr. dramatist.... 17^7 1868
Carnahan, James. Am. Presbv. cl. and educator. 1775 1859
Carnarvon, Henry H. M H. Earl of. Eng. stats'n 18:>1 1890
Carne, de, Louis ilarcein. Count. Fr. publicist., 1804 1876
Carneades. Greek orator and philosopher b.c. 214 126
Carnegie, -Andrew. Scot. mfgr.. phila. in Am.. .. 18;>3 ....
Carnegie. Thos. M. Scotch manufacturer in Am. . 1.S43 1886
Carnoclian, John Murray. American surgeon — 1817 1887
Carnot, Hippolyte Lazare. Fr. pel. and writer... ISOl 1888
Carnot, Mane Frani.'Ois Sadi. Pres. of France. .. . 1837 ....
Carnwatll, Robert D. Sixth Earl of. Scot. Jacobite 1673 1726
Caro, Annibale. Italian poet 1507 1566
Caro, Elme Marie. French philosopher 1826 1887
Caro, Miguel Antonio. Colombian author 1843
Caroline Amelia Elizatetli. Queen of Eng 1768 1821
Caroll, Wm. F.,Sir. Naval officer 1785 1862
Carolus-Duran. Charles A. E. D. Fr. painter 1837
Caron, Franfois. Fr. director-general in India 1674
Caron, Rene Edouard. Canadian statesman 1800 1876
Caron, Adolphe, Sir. Canadian statesman 1843 —
Carot, Jean Baptiste Camille. French artist 1796 1875
Carpaccio, Vittore. Italian painter 1450? 1522?
Carpani, Giuseppe. Italian dramatic poet 1752 1825
Carpeaux, Jean Baptiste. French sculptor 1827 1875
Carpenter, Benjamin. Am. statesman 1726 1823
Carpenter, Charles K. Am. statesman and writer 1826 1884
Carpenter, Daniel. .\m. police inspector 1815 1866
Carpender, Edward W. Am. commodore 1796 1877
Carpenter, Ellen M. American artist 1830
Carpenter, Francis B. American artist, author.. 1830 ....
Carpenter, Geo. Sv. Am. scientist and writer 1802 1860
Carpenter, Lant. English divine and writer 17.S0 1840
Carpenter, Louis G. Am. mathem'n, educator... 1861 —
Carpenter, Mary. English philanthropist 1.S07 1877
Carpenter, Matthew H. Am. lawver, statesman. 1824 1881
Carpenter, Philip P. Eng. Unit. cl. and conchol. 1819 1877
Carpenter, Kolla Clarton. Am. scientist and inv 1852 —
Carpenter, Stephen Cutter. Eng. author in Am 1820
Carpenter, Stephen Haskins. Am. edu. aud au. , 18.31 1878
Carpenter, William Benjamin. Eng. physiolo. .. 1813 1885
Carpenter, William Lewis. American soldier... 1844 —
Carpentier, Pierre. Fr. antiquary and author. .. 1697 1767
Carpi, da, Girolamo. Ital. painter and architect 1501 1556
Carpi, da, Cgo. Italian engraver 1450? 1520?
Carpini, Giovanni di Peano. It. trav. in Tartary. 1220? ....
Carpio, Manuel. Mex. phys. statesm. and author 1791 1860
Carpmael, Charles. Eng* meteorologist in Can. 1846 ....
Carpzov, Benedict. Ger. jurist and author 1.595 1666
Carr, Dabney. American patriot 1744 1773
Carr, Dabney. American jurist 1773 1837
Carr, Dabnev S. Am. naval officer and diplomat. 1803 1854
Carr, Eugene A. American soldier 1830
Carr, Joseph B. Am. soldier and statesman 1828
Carr, Joseph William Comyns. Eng. art critic. . . 1849 —
Carr, Robert. Sir. Eng. commissioner in America .- - 1667
Carracci, Annibale. Bolognese painter 1560 1609
Carracci, Ludovico. F'd'rofBolognesesch. paint 15.55 1619
Carrall, Roli't W. \V. Can. phys. and statesman. 1839
Carranza y Miranda, de, Bartol. Abp. of Toledo 1503 1576
Carrara, da, Jaoopo. Lord of Padua 1324
Garratala, Jose. Spanish soldier and statesman .... 1845
Carre, Michel. French author 1819 1872
Carrel, Nicolas Armand. Fr. political writer 1800 1836
Carrell, Cohimba. Irish mother superior in Am. 1810 1878
Carrell, George Aloysius. Am. R. C. bishop 1803 1868
Carreno de Miranda, Don Juan. Sp. his. painter 1614 1685
Carrera, Josi^ Miguel. Chilian soldier 1782 1815
Carrera, Rafael. President of Guatemala 1814 1865
Carrere, Joseph Barthilemi Francois. Fr. phys. 1740 1802
Carrier, Jean Baptiste. French demagogue 1756 1794
Carrier* Thomas. Eug. centeuarian in America. 1626 1735
Carriere, Eugene Anatole. French painter 1849
Carriere, Moritz. German philosophical writer.. 1817 ....
Carrigain, Philip. Am. physician and surgeon.. 1746 1806
Carrigain, Philip. Am. surveyor and statesman. 1772 18!2
Carriilo, Hranlio. Costa Rican dictator 1800 1815
Carrington, Edwarfl- Am. Rev. soldier 1749 1810
Carrington, Henry Beebee. American soldier... 1824
Carrington, Paul.' Am. lawyer and statesman... 1733 1818
Carrington, Paul. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1764 1816
Carroll, (liarles. American "patriot 1737 1832
Carroll, I'aniel. American patriot 1829
Carroll, John. Am. R. C. archbishop andwriter. 1735 1817
Carroll, John Lee. Am. lawyer and statesman... 18.30
Carroll, Samuel Sprigg. Am', soldier 1832 —
Carroll, William. Am. soldier and governor 1788 1844
Carroll, William H. American soldier 1820 —
Carroll, William T. Am. Clerk of Supreme Court 1863
Carron, Gui Toussaint J. Fr. priest and writer.. 1760 1821
Carrucci, Jacopo. See Postormo da.
Carruth, James Harrison. Am. botanist, lecturer 1807 —
Carruthers, Robert, Dr. Scotch editor and auth. 1799 1878
BORN DIED
Carruthers, William A. Am. physician and auth. 1800 1850
Carson, Christoi'lier. Kit Curson. Am. frontiersm. 1809 1868
Carstairs ■• ■ Carstares, Wm.. Rev. Scot, divine. 1619 1715
Carstens, Asraus Jacob. German artist 1754 1798
Cartailhac, Emile. French scientist .1845
Cartellier, Pierre. French sculptor 1757 1831
Carter, Charles Ignatius H. Am. R. C. clergym.. 1803 1879
Carter, D. M. Irish artist in America 1827
Carter, Elizabeth, Miss. Eng. poet aud translator 1717 1806
Carter, Franklin, American educator 1837
Carter, James Coolidge. American lawyer 1827 ■'"
Carter, James G. Am. edu.. reform'r, author 1795 1849
Carter, John. English artist 1815 1850
Carter, John C. Am. naval officer 1805 1870
Carter, Josiah Mason. Am. lawyer and statesm'n 1813 1868
Carter, Lorenzo. Am. pioneer and Indian trad'r. 1767 1814
Carter, Nathaniel H. Am. edu. and author 1787 1830
Carter, Peter. Scot. pub. and author in Am 1825
Carter, Robert. Am. poet, journl'st., statesman. 1819 1879
Carter, Russel K. Am. scientist and author 1849
Carter, Samuel P. Am. naval oflScer 1819 1891
Carteret, John. Earl Granville. Eng. statesman 1690 1763
Carteret, Philip. English navigator 1796
Cartheuser, Johann Friedrich. Ger. physician.. 1704 1777
Cartier, Cieorge ■Rtienne.Sir. Canadian statesm'n 1814 1873
Cartier, Jacques. Fr. navigator and explorer 1491 1557
Cartouche, Louis Dominique. French bandit 1693 1721
Cartter, David Kellogg. Am. stats., jour, and dip 1812 1887
Cartwright, Edm, Rev. F. s. A. Topog. (Sussex^ im 1833
Cartwright, Edmund. Eng. inventor and writer 1743 1823
Cartwright, George. Eng. soldier and traveler.. 1739 1819
Cartwright, John. Eng. political reformer 1740 1824
Cartwright, Peter. AmericanMethodist preacher 1785 1872
Cartwright, Richard John. Sir. Can. statesman. 1835 ...
Cartwright, Samuel Adolphus. Am. physician.. 1793 1863
Cams, Victor. German Zoologist 1823
Carvajal, de, Francisco. Spanish soldier in Peru 1464? 1.548
Carvaial, de. Gaspar. Spanish missionary 1.584
Carvallio d'Aeosta, Antonio. Port, geographer.. 1660 1715
Carver, John. First governor Plymouth colony. 1590? 1621
Carver, Jonathan. American traveler 1732 1780
Cary, Alice. American poetess 1820 1871
Cary, Alligence Waldo. American inventor 1801 1862
Cary, Annie Louise. American vocalist 1842 —
Cary, Archibald. American patriot and Senator. 1730 1786
Cary, Henry F.. Rev. Eng. poet. Trans, of Dante 1772 1844
Cary, John. Am.coloredservant Gen. Washington 1729 1843
Cary, Joseph Clinton. Am. fire-eng. builder, spec 1828 1884
Cary, Lott. Am. Negro slave, colonizat'n vice-agt 1780 1828
Cary, Phcebe. Sifter of Alice. American poetess. 1824 1871
Cary, Samuel Fenton. Am. lawyer and statesman 1814
Casa, della, Giovanni. Italian'poet 1503 1556
Casahianca, Louis. French naval officer 17557 1798
Casal, de, Manuel Ayres. Portuguese geographer 1750 1850
Casanova, Francis. Venetian artist 1732 1805
Casanova, de Seingalt, Giovanni G. It.advent'r 1725 1798
Casas, de las, Bartolomi?. Spanish missionary.. 1474 1566
Casas y Aragorri, Luis de las. Sp.gov.-gen. Cuba 1745 1800
CasaUDOn, Isaac. Fr. critic and commentator.. .. 1559 1614
Case, Augustus Ludlow. American naval officer. 1813 —
Case, Theodore S. Am. phys.. sold., edu., journ.. 1832
Case, A\'illiam. American M. E. missionary 1780 1855
Caseau, Charles Felix. Canadian vicar-general.. 1807 1881
Caselius, Johannes. Ger. philologist and writer. 1533 1613
Caseneuve, de, Pierre. French philologist 1591 1652
Cases. See Las Cases, de. Comte.
Casey, Levi. American soldier and statesman 1749 1807
Casey, Silas. American soldier aud author 1807 1882
Casey, Silas, Jr.' American naval officer 1841
Casey, Thomas Lincoln. American soldier 18.31
Casgrain, Henri R., Abb^. Fr.-Canadian author.. 1831 —
Casilear, John W. American artist 1811 —
Casimir I. The Pacific. King of Poland 1058
Casimir III. The Great. King of Poland 1309 1370
Casimir-Perier. See PtRiER.
Casorati, Felice. Italian mathematician 1835
Caspari, Karl Paul. Ger. exegete and ch. histor. 1814 —
Casper, Johann Ludwig. German physician. ... 1796 1864
Cass, Lewis. American statesman 1782 1866
Cassagnac, de. Fr. publicist and journalist 1.S08 1880
Cassagnac, de, Paul. Son of preced'g. Fr. journ. 1843 —
Cassas, Louis Francois. Fr. painter and architect 17.56 1827
Cassel, Johann Philipp. German philologist 1707 1783
Cassell, John. English publisher 1817 1865
Casserly, Eugene. Irish-.\m. lawyer, states 1822 1888
Cassidy, William. American journalist 1815 1873
Cassin, John. American navaW)fficer 1768 1822
Cassin, John. American ornitirologist 1813 1869
Cassin, Stephen. American naval officer 1783 1857
Cassini, Cesar Franfois. Fr. astron.. topographer 1714 1784
Cassini, CiiovanniDomenico. It. astron. at Paris 1625 1712
Cassini, Jacq\ies. French astronomer 1677 1756
Cassius, Andreas. German chemist 1673
Cassius Longinus, Cains. Roman patriot b. c. 42
Castagno, del, Andrea. Florentine hist'l painter 1390 1457
Castalioni""/" .'i/ChatUlon, SCbastien. Fr. Prot. 1.515 1563
Castaflos y Aragorri, de, Fr. X. Duke of Baylem 1^ 1852
Castel, Loiiis Bertraud. Fr. mathematician ieB8 1757
Castelar, Emilio. Spanish statesman, writer 1832 —
170-1
CASTELL — CHAMBERLIN
BORN DIED
Castell, Edmund. English orientalist 1606 1685
Castellan, Antoiiie L. Fr. painter, architect 1772 1838
Castellane, de, Esi.ritV.E.B., Count. Marsh. Fr. 1788 1862
Castelli, Iguaz Friedrich, German dramatist. .. . 1781 1863
CastelnaudelaMauvissi^re, de. Michel. Fr.dip 1520? 1592
Castello, Giovanni Battista. Italian painter 1509 1579
Castelvetro. Ludovico. Italian critic 1505 1571
Cast^, Giovanni Battista. Italian poet 1721 1803
Castiglione, Baldassare. Italian states'n., poet.. 1478 1529
Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio, Count. Ital. linguist 1784 1848
Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto. Ital. painter. 1616 1670
CastUlio, Antonio Feliciano. Vise, Port. poet... 1800 1875
Castiila, Ramon. Don. President of Peru 1797 1867
Castille, Charles Hippolvte. French writer 1820 1886
Castillo, del, Bernal D. Sp.offl'r with Cortez fl. 1520
Castillo y Arteaga, Diegodel. Sp. Abp. in Am. . . 1605 1670
Castillo y Lanzas, Joauuin M. Mexican diplomat 1801 1878
Castillo, Juan de. Chilian mouk 1615 1675
Castle, Frederick Albert. Am. phy. and jour 1842 —
Castle, John Harvard. Am. Bapt. clergyman .. . 1830 —
Castlereagh, Robert .S.. Viscount. Brit, states'n 1769 1822
Castorena y Ursua. Mex. bishop, journalist — 1668 17:J3
Gastrin, Matthias Alexander. Finnish philol.. 1813 1852
Castries, Armand Chas. A. Due de. Sold'rin Am. 1756 1842
Castro, Andres. Spanish missionary and author. 1500 1577
Castro, Augustin. Mex. Jesuit and author 1728 1790
Castro, de, Guillem. Spanish dramatist 1.569 1631
Castro, Henri. Fr. pioueer and diplomat in Am. . 1786 1861
Castro, de, Inez. Wife of crown pr. Dom Pedro. . 1320? 1355
Castro, de, Jofto. Port, geneial and navigator... 1500 1548
Castro, Juan. Assumed name of a Cuban poet, . . 1790 ....
Castro, Lopes A. de. Braz. edu., states'n, author. 1827 ■■■■
Castro, de, Vaca. Sp. magistrate and gov. Peru 1558
Castruccio-Castracani degll Ahtelminelli. Poet 1281 1328
Caswall, Henry. Eng. P. E. cl. and author in Am 1810 1870
Caswell, Alexis. Am. Baptist cl. and writer 1799 1877
Caswell, Richard. Am. lawyer and statesman.. .. 1729 1789
Catalan, Eugene C. Belgian mathematician 1814 ....
Catalani, Angelica. Italian vocalist 1782 1849
Catel, Charles Simon. Fr. musical composer 1773 1830
Catenhusen, Ernst. Ger. mus. conductor in Am 1841 ...
Catesbv, Mark. English naturalist 1679 1749
Cathcart, Charles M. Eng. soldier and statesm'n 1783 1859
Cathcart, Charles W. Am. navigator and states. 1809 —
Cathcart, George, Sir. English general 1794 1854
Cathcart, NVm. Irish Bapt. cl. and author in Am 1826 ...
Cathcart, Wm.Schaw. Brit gen'l and diplomatist 1755 1843
Cathelineau, Jacques, ^'endean general 1759 1793
Catherine, Saint, of Alexandria 307
Catherine or Katharine, of Aragou. Queen Eng 1485 1536
Catherine I. Emp. of Ru. Wife Peter the Great 1684 1727
Catherine II. Empress of Ru. Wife of Peter III 1729 1796
Catherine de Medici. Queen of Henry II, of Fr. 1.519 1589
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. American author. 1847 ...
Cathrall, Isaac, .\inericau physician and writer, 1764 1819
Catiline, Lucius Serk'ius. Roman conspirator, b.c 108? 62
Catinat de la Fauconnerie, de, Xicho. Fr. gen'l 1637 1712
Catineau-Laroche, Pierre Marie S. Fr. writer... 1772 1828
Catlin, George. American artist and traveler 1796 1872
Cato, Marcus Porcius. The Elder. Rom. pat. B. c 234 149
Cato, Marcus P. The Younger. Rom. phiL.pat. B.c 95 46
Caton, John Dean. American jurist and writer. . 1812
Caton, Richard. English merchant in America. . 1763 1845
Catron, John. American jurist 1778 1865
Cats, Jakob. Dutch statesman and poet 1577 1660
Cattaneo, Carlo. Italian political economist — 1815? 1869
Cattell, Alexander Ciilmore. Am. statesman 1816
Cattell, W'illiam Cassidy. .\m. Presby. cl.,edu.. 1827 ....
Cattermole, George. English painter '. 1800 1868
Catullus, Caius Valerius. Roman poet B.c 94 54
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius. Rom. general — B.c .... 87
Cauchon, Joseph Edward. Can. stats, and journ 1816 1885
Cauchon, Pierre. Bp.Beauvais. Judge Joan d'Arc ... 1443
Cauchy, Augustin Louis. French mathematician 1789 1857
Caulaincourt, de, Armand A. L. Freuch general 1772 1827
Caulfield, James. Earl of Charlemont 1728 1799
Caulkins, Francis Mainwariug. .\m. jour., auth. 1796 1869
Catls de "T Caux de, Salomon. French engineer.. 1576 1626
Caussin de Perceval, --Armand Pierre Fr. journ... 1795 1872
Cavada, Frederico. Cuban patriot 1812 1871
Cavalgnac, Eli'ouore Louis CiOdefroy. Fr. nov.. 1801 1841
Cavaignac, Jean Baptiste. Fr. revolutionist 1762 1829
Cavaignac, Louis Eugi^ne. French general 1802 1857
Cavalcanti, Bartolommeo. Italian scholar 1503 1562
Cavalcaselle, Giovanni Battista. Ital. writer 1820 ....
Cavalier, Jean. Leader of the Camisards 1679? 1740
Cavalli, Pietro Francesco. Italian comooser 1599? 1676
Cavallieri, Bonaventura. Italian math" 1598 1647
Cavallo, Tiberio. Ital. nat. philos. in London... 1749 1809
Cavallucci, Camillo Jaeopo. Italian art critic.. 1827 ....
Cavanilles, Antonio Jose. Span, priest, botanist 1745 1804
Cave, Edward. Printer. Founded "Gent. Mag". 1691 1754
Cavedone, Jaeopo. Italian painter 1577 1660
Cavelier, Pierre Jules. Freuch sculptor 1814
Caven, Wm. Scottish Presby. clergyman 1830 ....
Cavendish, Elizabeth Hardwicke. Lady 1519 1608
Cavendish, Geo. Usher and biograph. of W'olsey. 1500? 1562?
Cavendish, Heury. Eng. chem., nat. philosopher 1731 1810
Cavendish ur Caiidisb, Thos. Eng. navigator 1555? 1592
BORN DIED
Caventou, Joseph Bienaimi^. Fr. chemist 1795 1877
Cavour, di, Camillo Benso, Count. Italian statsm 1810 1861
Caxias, Luis Alves de Lima Duke, de. Braz. sold'r 1800
Caxton, William. Earliest English printer 1422? 1492
Cayley, .\rlbur. English mathematician 1821
Cayley, George, Sir. English philosopher 1773 1857
Cayley, George John. Eng. poet and journalist.. 1826 1878
Caylus, de, Anne C. P. deT., Count. Fr.antiq. wr. 1692 1765
Caylus, de, M.M.de V.deM.,Marq. Fr.w'n of fash. 1673 1729
Cazales, de, Jacques Autoine M. Fr. politician. . 1758 1805
Cean-Bermudez, Juan A. Span, writer on art.... 1749 1829
Ceballos, Jose. Mexican soldier l&SO
Cecchetti, Bartolommeo. Italian historian 1838
Cecchi, Giovanni Maria, Ital. comic poet, lawyer 1517 1587
Cecco d' Ascoli. Ital. phys.,astrol..mechan., poet 1257 1327
Cecconi, Giovanni. Italian military writer 1833
Cech or Czech, Svatophik. Bohem.auth. and poet 1846
Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury. Eng. statesman 1563? 1612
Cecil, W'illiam. See Burleigh, Wm. Cecil, Lord
Cecilia, Saiut. Rom. martyr, patroness of music, d. 229?
Ceillier, Remi. French theologian 1688 1761
Celakovski, Frautisek Ladislav. Bohemian poet. 1799 1852
Celakovski, Ladislav. Bohemian botanist 1834
Celesia, Einanuele. Italian historian 1821
celeste or Celeste-Elliott, Marie. Eng.-Fr. dancer 1815? 1882
Celestlne I. Pope. Successor to Boniface 1 432
Celestine V. Saint. Pii-tro da Murro7tc. Pope.... 1215 1296
Cellarius, Christoph. Ger. critic and geographer 1638 1707
Cellini, Benveuuto. Italiau artist in metal 1500 1571
Celoron, de, Bunville. Freuch explorer 1715 —
Celsius, .indevs. Swedish astronomer 1701 1744
Celsius, Olaus, Sw. botanist and orientalist 1670 1756
Celsus, Aurelius C. Latin physician and writer. . fl a.d. 50
Celsus. Roman phiio. Antichristian writer fl. 2d e.
Celtes, Conrad. German poet-lanreate 14.59 1508
Cenci, Beatrice. Rom. girl, famous for beauty 1583? 1599
Centeno, Diego. Spanish soldier 1505 1549
Cerceau, du, Jean .\utoine. Fr. Jesuit and poet. 1670 1730
Cerda, de la, Alfonso. Spanish R C. bishop 1592
Cerda, de la, Juan Luis. Sp. Jesuit and critic. . . 1562? 1643
Cerinthus. Svrian heresiarch. Fr. Cerinthians.. fl, Istc.
cerise or Cerisi, Laurent A. P., M. D. It. psychol. 1809 1869
Cerisier, Antoine Marie. French historian 1749 1828
Cerrachi, Giuseppe. Italian sculptor 1760 1801
Certon, Salomon. French poet 1550? 1610
Cervantes Saavedrade, M. Z>o» Q!(i;ro/f. Sp. nov. 1547 1616
Cervolle or Cervole, de, Arnaud. Fr. freebooter. 1300? 1366
Cesalpino, Andrea. It. phys., physioL, botanist. 1519 1603
Cesare,di, Giuseppe. Cavaliere. Neapoli'u hist'n 1783 1856
Cesari, Giuseppe, Ital. historical painter 1568? 1640
Cesarlni, Virginio. Italian poet 1595 1624
Cesarotti, Melchiore. Italian poet 17,S0 1808
Cesi, Federigo. Prince. Italian naturalist 1585 1630
Cesnola, di, Luigi Palma, Count. It. archjeolo'st 1832
Cfespedes, de, Carlos M. Pres. revol. repub. Cuba. 1819 1874
Cetewayo, Cetywayo or Ketchwayo. Zulu king 1884
Ceva, Tommaso. It. Jesuit, poet, mathematician 1648 1737
Cevallos, Pedro. Spanish diplomatist 1764 1838
Chahanei, Natalis. Fr. missionary and educator. 1613 —
Chabannes, de, Antoine. Comte de D. Fr. gen... 1411 1488
Chabanon, de, Michel Paul Ciuy. Fr. writer 1730 1792
Chabas, Francois. French Egyptologist 1817 1882
Chabert, de, Joseph Bernard. Marquis. Fr. nav.. 1723 1805
Chabot, Frauvois. Freuch revolutionist 1759 1794
Chabot, de, Philippe, Comte de C. Adm.of Fr... 1480? 1543
Chahrat, Guv Ignatius. Fr. K. C. bishop in .\m.. 1787 1868
Chabrier, Alexis Emmanuel. Fr. musical comp. 1842 —
Chabrillan, de, CiJleste ViJnard. Fr. circus rider 1824 —
Chabrol, de Volvic, G. J. G. Fr. civil officer, pol 1773 1843
Chace, tieorge Ide. Am. physicist and educator. 1808 188o
Chace, Jonathan. American statesman 1829 —
Chacomac, Jean. French astronomer 1823 1873
Chacon, Pedro. Spanish priest and writer 1525 1581
Chad, Saiut. Bishop of Mercia 672
Chadbourne, Paul Ansel. Americaneducationist 1823 1883
Chadwick, Edwin. C. B. English social reformer 1801 1890
Chadwick, CJeorge W. Am. musician and com, .. 1854
Chadwick, John White. Am. Unit. cl. and author 1840
Chaffee, Jerome B. Am. merchant, statesman.... 1825 1886
Chaigneau, Jean F. Fr. painter and engraver — 1830 —
Chaille, Stanford E. Am. physician and writer.. 1830
Chaillu, du, PaulB. Fr.-American traveler 1835
Chaix d Est-Ange, Gustave L. .\.. V. C. Fr. adv.. 1800 1876
Chalgrln, Jean F. T. French architect 1739 1811
Chalkley, Thomas. Eng. Quak. preacher, writer. 1675 1741
Challemel-Lacour, Paul A. Fr. statesman 1827 —
Challoner, Richard. Eng. Rom. Cath. div., auth. 1691 1781
Chalmers, Alexander. British editor 1759 1834
Chalmers, Cieorge. Brit, historian, biographer, . 1742 1825
Chalmers, Joseph W. Am. lawyer, statesman.. .. 1807 1853
Chalmers, Lionel. Scot. phys. and writer in Am. 1715 1777
Chalmers, Thomas. Scottish divine 1780 1847
Cham. I'trudo for AmedC-e de 'So^. Fr. cane. ... 1819 1827
Chamberlain, Daniel H. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1835 —
Chamberlain, Jeremiah. Am. Presby. cl.,edu.. 1794 1850
Chamberlain, Joseph. English statesman 1836 —
Chamberlain, Joshua L. Am.edu. and soldier.. 1828 —
Chamberlain . Selah. Am. eng. and manufacturer 1812 1880
Chamberlin, Brown. Can. law. and journalist... 1827 ....
C H A M B E R L I N — C H A T H A M
1705
BOKN DIED
Cliainlierlm, Thomas Crowder. Am. geologist... 1843 —
Chambers, Alexander. American soldier 1832
Chambers, Charles J. Am. journalist and author 1850 ....
Chambers, Ezekiel F. Am. jurist and statesman. 1788 1867
Chambers, *jeo. Am. jurist, statesman. writ«r.. 1786 1866
Chambers, Henry. Am. physician, statesman 178i 1826
Chambers, John. Jurist in America 1710 1765
Chambers, John. Am. lawyer and statesman.. .. 1779 1852
Chambers, Robert. Scot, writer and publisher.. 1802 1871
Chambers, Talbot W. Am. Dutch ref. cl., author. 1819
Chambers, William. Brotlnr of Robert. Scot, edi 18U0 1883
Chambllss, John Randolph. American soldier... 1833 1864
Chambliss, \Vm. Parham. American soldier 1S27 —
Chambodut, Louis Claude Marie. Fr. cl. in Am. . 1821 1880
Chambon, de Montaux, Nicolas. French phys.. 1748 1826
Chambord, de. Head elder branch Bourbon dyn'ty 1820 1883
Chambray, de, Georges Marquis. Fr. historian, . 1783 1818
Chamfort 'irChampfort, Sebastien R.N. Fr. poet 1741 1794
Chamier, Daniel. French Protestant theologian. 1570? 1621
Chamillard, Michel, Marquis. Fr.min'ster of state 1651 1721
Chamilly de, Noel Bouton, Marquis. Fr. general 1636 1715
Chamisso, von, Adelbert. German lyric poet... 1781 1838
Chamorro, Frutos. Central Am. statesman 1806 1855
Chamousset, de, Claude H. P. Fr. philanthropist. 1717 1773
Champagny, de, Jean B. N, French statesman.. 1756 1834
Champaigne, de, Philippe. Flemish paiuter 1602 1674
Champe, John. American Revolutionary soldier 1752? 1798?
Champeaux, de, Guillaume. Bishop of Chalons 1121
Champfleury. Real name ./uff.? f;<iin/. Fr.au... 1821 1889
Champier, STmphorieu. French physician 1472 1533
Champion, Anthony. English writer 1724? ISOl
Championnet, Jean Etienne. French general — 1762 1800
Champlain. de, Samuel. Fr. ex.. found'r of Can. 1567 1635
Champlin, Christopher Grant. Am. statesman. .. 1768 1840
Champlin, James Tift. Am Bapt. cl. and author 1811 1882
Champlin, John Denisou. Am. lawyer and jouru 1834 ....
Champlin, Stephen. American naval officer 1789 1870
Champlin, Stephen Gardner. American soldier. 1827 1864
Champmesl6, -Marie Desmares. French actress. . 1644 1698
Champney, Benjamin. American artist 1817 ....
Champney, James Wells. American artist 1843 —
Champney, Lizzie Williams. Am. authoress 1850 ....
Champneys, Benjamin. Am.jurist and statesm'n 1800 1871
Chancellor, Charles W. Am. phys, and writer. . . 1833
ChampoUion, Jean Franfois. Fr. Egyptologist.. 1790 1832
Champollion-Figeac, Jean J. Fr. archaeologist. . 1778 1867
Chanche, John M.J. Am. R. C. bp. and educator 1795 1853
Chandler, Abiel. Am. educ. and philanthropist 1777 1851
Chandler, Charles F. Am. chemist and lecturer. 1836 ....
Chandler, Charles Henry. American educator, .. 1840 ....
Chandler, Edward B. Nova Scotian jurist, states 1800 1.S80
Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. American poetess 1807 1834
Chandler, John. Am. soldier and statesman 1760 1841
Chandler, Joseph R. Am. journal, and diplomat 1792 1880
Chandler, Ralph. American naval officer 1829 1889
Chandler, Samuel. American soldier 1794 1867
Chandler, Thomas B. Am. P. E. clergyman 1726 1790
Chandler, William E. Am. states, aucl journalist 1835 ....
Chandler, Zachariah. American statesman 1813 1879
Chandos, John. English military commander 1369
Chaney, Lucian West. American'author 1857 ....
Chanfrau, Frank S. American actor 1824 1884
Chanfrau, Henrietta B. Am. actress. Wife of F. S 1837 ...
Changarnler, Nichlos A. T. French general 1793 1877
Channing, Edward. Am. educator and author. .. 1856 ....
Channing, Edward T. Am. lawyer and journalist 1790 1856
Channlng, Walter. Am. physician and writer. ... 1786 1876
Channing, William E. Am. divine and writer... 1780 1842
Channing, William E. Am. journalist and auth. 1818 ....
Channing, William F. Am. physician, journalist 1820 ....
Channing, William H. Am. Unitarian cl., writer 1810 1.S84
Chantal, de, Jeanne F. F.. Baroness. Fr. devotee 1572 1641
Chantrey, Francis, Sir. English sculptor 1781 1842
Chanzy, Antoine Eugene A. French general 1827 1883
ChapaiSj Jean Charles. Canadian statesman 1825 ....
Chapelain, Jean. French poet and critic 1595 1674
Chapelle, Claude Emmanuel L. French poet, ... 1626 1686
Chapin, Aaron Lucius. Am. Pres. cl. and author 1817 ....
Chapin, .\Ionzo Bowen. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1808 1858
Chapin, Edwin Hubbell. Am. L'niv. divine, orator 1814 18S0
Chapin, Henry. American jurist and statesman. 1811 1878
Chapin, Stephen. Am. Baptist cl. and writer,.,. 1778 1845
Chapleau, Joseph Adolpbe. Canadian statesman 1840 ....
Chaplin, Ada C. American authoress 1842 1883
Chaplin, Christine. Am artist and authoress 1842
Chaplin, Jeremiah. Am. Baptist cl. and author. . 1776 1841
Chapman, .\lyan Wentworth. Am. phys. and hot 1809 .,,,
Chapman, George. English dramatic poet 1557 1634
Chapman, Geo. T. Eng. P. E. cl.. law'r. writ, in A 1786 1872
Chapman, Henry Cadwalader. Am. phys., writer 1845
Chapman, John Gadsby. American artist 1808
Chapman, Maria Weston. Am. abolition, and an. 1806 1885
Chapman, Nathaniel. Am. phvs., lectur. and au. 1780 1853
Chapman, Orlow W. Solicitor-General of U. S... l.'<32 1890
Chahman, Reuben. .\m. lawyer and statesman. . 1799 1862
Chapman, Reuben Atwater. American jurist ,, 1801 1873
Chapman, Robert Hett. Am.Pres.clergy.andedu. 1771 1833
Chapman, W'arren Hosea. Am. phys., scien., writ. 1821 ....
Chapman, William. American soldier 1810 —
BORN DIED
Chapone, Hester, Mrs. English authoress 1727 1801
Chappe, Claude. French inventor of a telegraph. 1763 1805
Chappell, William F. S. A. Eng. author and pub. 1809 1888
Chaptal, Jean -\..Comtede C. Fr. chem..statesm. 1756 1832
Chapu, Henri Michel -^ntoine. French sculptor.. 1833
Charas, Moise. French chemist and pharmacist. 1618 1698
Charcot, Jean Martin. Freueh neurologist 1825
Chardin lean. Sir. French merchant and traveler 1643 1713
Chardon as la Rochette, Simon. Fr. philologist. 1753 1814
Charette de la Contrie, Francois A. Vendean rov. 1763 1796
Charlemagne. Emp. of the West and King of Fr. 742 814
Charles I. nr Charlemagne. See Charlemagne.
Charles I. King of France. See Charlemagne.
Charles I. KiugofSpain. Charles V. of Ger 1.500 1558
Charles I. Charles t^tuart. KingofEng. Executed. 1600 1649
Charles I. King of Roumania *1b39
Charles II. See Charles II. of France.
Charles II. The Bald. King of France 823 877
Charles II. King of England 1630 1685
Charles II. KiugofSpain 1661 1700
Charles III. Tin- Fat. Emperor of Germany 832? 888
Charles III. King of Spain 1716 1788
Charles IV. The Fair. King of France 1294 1328
Charles IV. Emperor of Germany, king Bohemia 1316 1378
Charles IV. KiugofSpain 1748 1819
Charles V. The m.ie. King of France 1337 1380
Charles V. Emperor of Germany. King of Spain 1.500 1.558
Charles VI. The Mad orthe Beloird. King of Fr.... 1368 1422
Charles VI. Emperor of Germany 1685 1740
Charles VII. The Victorious. King of France. ... 1403 1461
Charles VII. Karl Albrecht. Emperor of Germ'y. 1697 1745
Charles IX. King of France 1550 1574
Charles IX. King of Sweden 1550 1611
Charles X. Gustaius. KingofSweden 1622 1660
Charles X. King of France 1757 1836
Charles XII. KingofSweden 1682 1718
CharlesXIII. KingofSweden 1748 1818
Charles XIV. See Bernadotte.
Charles XV. King of Sweden and Norway 1826 1872
Charles Albert. Kin^ of Sardinia 1798 1849
Charles of Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily 1220? 1285
Charles the Bold. Duke of Burgundy 1433 1477
Charles Edward. The Roung Pretender. Eng. prince 1720 1788
Charles Emanuell. The Great. Duke of Savoy.. 1562 1630
Charles Wartel. Duke of Austrasia 690? 741
Charles, Elizabeth Rundle, Mrs. Eng. authoress.. 1826?
Charles, Jacques Alex. CSsar. Fr. electrician 1746 1823
Charles Of Karl, Ludwig J. J..\rchdukeof Austria 1771 1847
Charles, Philarete. French writer 1798 1873
Charlet, Nicolas T. Fr. painter, engraver 1792 1845
Charleton, Robert M. Am. jurist, states., author 1807 1854
Charleton, Walter. Eng. physician and author.. 1619 1707
Charlevoix, de, Pierre F. X." Jesuit miss, in Am. 1682 1761
Charlotte. Ex-Empress of Mexico 1840 —
Charnay, Claude J. D. French traveler 1828
Charnay, Desirt?. French explorer and author.. 1828
Charnise, Aulnay de C. de M. S.d'. Fr. prop 1605 1650
Charnock, Richard S. English auth., scientist.. 1820
Charnock. Stephen. English divine and author. 1628 1680
Charost, de, Armand J. de B., Duke. Fr. philan. 1728 1800
Charpentier, Francois. French author 1620 1702
Charpentier, Louis Eugene. Frenchpainter 1811 1890
Charras, Jean Baptist Adolphe. Fr. mil. writer. 1810 1865
Charridre, de, Isabelle A. de St.-H. Fr. novelist. 1741 1806
Charron, Pierre. French philosopher 1541 1603
Chartier, -\lain. French poet 1385? 1449f
Charton, Edouard. French journalist 1807
Chartres, de, Robert P. L.E.F.dO., Due. Fr.pr. 1840
Chase, Ann. Irish patriot in .\raerica 1809 1874
Chase, Benjamin. Am. Presby. miss., geologist. . 1789 1870
Chase, Carlton. American P. E. bishop 1794 1870
Chase, Dudley. American jurist and statesman. 1771 1846
Chase, Frederic -i. Am. Presby. cl., inventor 1833
Chase, George. Am. lawyer, author and editor.. . 1849
Chase, Harry- American artist 1853 ....
Chase, 1 rah. Am. Baptist clergyman, author 1793 1864
Chase, Lucien B. Am. statesman and author 1817 1864
Chase, Philander. Am. P.E. bishop and author. 1775 1852
Chase, Plinv Earle. Am. scientist and author... 1820 1886
Chase, Salmon Portland. American statesman.. 1808 1873
Chase, Samuel. Am.jurist, signer of Dec. of Ind 1741 1811
Chase, Squire. Am. M. E. missionary and author 1802 1843
Chase, Thomas. -American editor and author — 1827 ...
Chase, William Henry. Am. soldier and engineer 1798 1870
Chase, William Henry. Am. soldier and surv 1814 1871
Chase, William Merri'tt. .\mericau artist 1849 —
Chasles, Michel. French geometer 1793 1880
Chasles, Victor Euphemion P. Fr. journalist 1799 1873
Chasse, David Hendrick. French general 1765 1849
Chassepot, Antoine Alphonse. French inventor. Ig33 —
Chasseriau, Theodore. West Indian artist 1819 1856
Chasteler, du, Jean Gabriel J. A. Austrian Gen 1763 1825
Chastelet, du. See Du Chastelet.
Chastellux, de, Francois Jean. Marq. Fr. offlc'r. 1734 1788
Chatard. Francis Silas. Am. R. C. bp. and phys.. 1834
Chateaubriand, de, Franij-ois A. Fr. author 1768 1848
Chatel 'ir Chastel, Jean. French fanatic 1575 1594
Chatfield, Julia. Eng. Ursuline nun.edu. in Am 1809 1878
Chatham, William Pitt. First earl of. See Pitt. William.
1706
CHATILLON — CHUBB
BORN DIED
Chatillon, AuKuste. Fr. painter and sculptor.... 1813 ISSl
Chatterton, Thomas English Ijoy poet . . 17o2 1, ,0
Chaucer, Ueotlrey. Father of Luglish poetry — lo4U; UOU
Chaudet, Autoiue Denis. Fr. sculp, and painter. 1763 1810
Chaudon, Dom Louis M. Fr. historical writer.... 1737 1817
Cbaulieu, de, Guillaume Amfrve. Fr. lyric poet. 1639 1720
Chaulnes, de, Michel Ferd. Due. Fr. naturalist.. 1714 1769
Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard. Fr. revolutionist... 1763 1794
Chaumonot. Pierre M. J. Fr. Jesuit, missionary j611 1693
Cbauncey, Charles. ,\m. jurist and lecturer 1747 1S23
Chauncey, Charles. American lawyer 17(7 1849
Chauncey, Isaac. American naval officer 1772 1840
Chauncey, John S. .American naval officer ISOO 18/1
Chauncy, Charles. English educator in Am 1592 1672
Chauncy, Charles. Am. clergyman and author.. 170d 1/87
Chauncy, Nathaniel. American clergyman. ..... 1705 1787
Chaussard, Pierre Jean Baptiste. French writer 1766 1823
Chauss6e, de la, Pierre C. N. Fr. dram, author.. 1692 1754
Chaussier, Francois. Fr. phys. and anatomist... 1/49 1828
Chauveau, Pierre. Joseph Olivier. Can. states'n. 1820
Chauveau-Lagarde, Claude F. Fr. advocate.... 1765 1841
Chauvelin, de, FraufOis B. French politician... 1/66 18o2
Chauvenet, Regis. Am. chemist and educator.. . 1842 ..^.
Chauvenet,, William. American mathematician. 1820 18/0
Chauvin fttienne. French Protestant refugee... 1610? 1725
Chavannes, Jean Baptiste. Haytian patriot .... 1748 1791
Chavfee, Honore Joseph. Belgian philologist 1815 18/7
Chavero, Alfredo. Mex. archaeologist, educator. .^. . ....
Chavez, Aparicio FraT. Spanish missionary 1508 1582
Chazal, .\ntoiue. French artist 1793 lso4
Chazelles, de, Jean Mathieu. Fr. hydrographer 16o7 1/10
Cheatham, Benjamin F. American soldier 1820 1886
Checkley, John. American P. E. clergyman 1680 l/o3
Cheeshhahteaumuck, Caleb. Ind. grad. H. Col. 1646 1666
Cheesman, John Cummings. Am. physician — 1/88 1862
Cheetham, James. Eng. jour, and author in Am. 1772 1810
Cheever, Ezekiel. American teacher 1614 1708
Cheever, George Barren. American clergyman.. 1807 1890
Cheever, Henry T. Am. cl., jour, and author 1814
Cheever, Samuel. American clergyman 1639 1724
Cheke John, Sir. Eng. statesman and scholar — 1514 1557
Chelmsford, F. T., Baron. Lord chancellor of Eng 1794 1878
Chemnitz, Martin. German Proiestant divine. .. 1522 1586
Chemnitzer, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian fabulist. 1744 1784
Ch6nedoll6. de, Charles Julien Pioult. Fr. poet. 1769 1833
Chenevix, Richard. Irish writer 1774 18o0
Cheney, Arthur. American manufacturer 1837 18/8
Cheney, Charles Edward. American P. E. bishop 1836
Cheney, Charles. Am. manufacturer and statesm. 1804 1874
Cheney, Ednah Dow. Am. lecturer and author... 1824
Cheney, Frank Woodbridge. Am. sold, and manf. 1832
Cheney, Harriet V. American authoress 1815
Cheney, Seth Wells, .\nierican artist 1810 1856
Cheney, Theseus Apoleou. .\nierican historian... 1830 1878
Cheney, Ward. American manufacturer 1813 1876
Ch^nier, de, Andrt^ Marie. i<onoJ' Louis. Fr. poet 1762 1794
Chenler, John-Oliver. Can. phys. and insurgent. 1806 1837
Ch6nier, de, Louis. Father of prcccdinri. Fr. histor. 1723 1796
Chenler, de, MarieJoseph. finnof Louis. Fr.dram. 1764 1811
Chenot, Claude Bernard Adrien. Fr. engineer... 1803 1855
Cherbuliez, Victor. French author 1829 ....
Cherest, Aimo. French historian 1826 1885
Cheri, Rose Marie Cizos. French actress 1824 1862
Cherif-Pasha. Egyptian statesman 1819 1887
Charon, Elisabeth Sophie. Fr.poetess,w'r,paint. 1648 1711
Cherubini, Maria Luigi Carlo Z.S. It.mus.comp. 1760 1842
Cherville, Gaspard Georges P., Marq. de. Fr. w r 1821
Chervin, Nicolas. French physician 1783 1843
Chery, Philippe. French historical painter 1759 1838
Chesehro, Caroline. American authoress 18287 1873
Cheselden, William. Eng. surgeon and writer... 1688 1752
Chesney, Charles C. Eng. edu. andauth. in Am.. 1826 1876
Chesney, Francis Eawdon. Brit, explor. in East. 1789 1872
Chester, Albert Huntington. Am. chem. and w'r 1843 —
Chester, Colbv M. American naval officer 1845
Chester, Frederick D. W. W'est Ind. geol., auth.. 1861 ....
Chester, John. Am. soldier and statesman 1749 1809
Chester, Joseph L. Am. antiquarian and author. 1821 1882
Chesterfield, Philip D. S., fourth earl of 1694 1773
Chestnut, James, Jr. American statesman 1815
Chetlaln, Augustus Louis. American soldier — 1824 ....
Chetwood, John J. American lawyer 1805 1861
Chetwood, William. Am. lawyer, congressman.. 1769 1857
Chevalier, Michel. French economist: 1806 1879
Cheverus, Jean L. A. M. L. Fr. cardinal, philan. 1768 1836
Cheves, Langdon. American statesman 1776 1&57
Chevreul, Michel E. French chemist 1786 18S9
Chevreuse, de, Marie de R. M., Duchesse 1600 1679
Chew, Benjamin. American jurist 1722 1810
Chew, Richards. .Aimericau naval officer 1843 18/5
Chew, Robert S. Chief cl'k State dept.Washing'n 1811 1873
Chew, Samuel. American physician and jurist.. 1690 1744
Cheyne, George. Scot, phys., mathematician 1671 1743
Cheyne, Thomas K. Eng. clerg.. biblical critic... 1841 ....
Chezy, de, .^ntoine L. French orientalist 17/3 1832
Chezy, von, Wilhclmine C. H. Ger. authoress. .. 1783 1856
Chiabrera, Gabriello. Italian lyric poet 1552 1637
Chi-ah-kin iir Ah-kin-cM. Yucatec prince lo41
Chlaliquichiama. Peruvian soldier >o66
BORN DIED
Ctaiaramontl, Scipione. Italian astronomer 1565 16.52
Chiari, Giuseppe. Ital. historical painter 1654 1727
Chichele, Henrv. Eng. prelate. Abp. Canterbury 1362? 1443
Chlckerlng, Jesse. Am. Unitarian clergy., phps. . 1797 1855
Chickering, Jonas. Am. pianoforte manufacturer 1797 1853
Chickering, Thomas Edward. .\mer. soldier 1824 1871
Chifflet, Jean Jacques. French phys. and writer. 1588 1660
Chilam, Balani. Indian philosopher 1430
Chllcott, George Miles. American statesman 1828
Child, David Lee. Am. diplomat and writer 1794 1874
Child, Francis James. American scholar 1825
Child, Josiah. Sir. Eng. merchant and writer — 1630 1099
Child, Lvdia Maria. Am. philo. and authoress. .. 1802 ISSf
Childebertl. King of the Franks 496 558
Childehrand. Prince of the Franks fl.737? —
ChUderic I. King of the Franks 436 481
Children, John George. Eng. chem.. electrician. 1777 1852
ChUds, George W. Am. publisher and benefactor. 1829
Childs, Henry Halsey Am. phys. and statesman.. 1783 1868
Childs, Orville Whitmore. Am. engineer, writer. 1802 187S
Childs, Timothy. Am. phys. and statesman 1748 1821
Childs, Thomas. American soldier 1796 1853
Chillingworth, William. English theologian 1602? 1644
Chilperich I. King of the Franks 539 684
Chilson, Gardner. American inventor 1804 1877
Chilton, Thomas. Am. Bap. cl., lawyer, states'n. 1798 1854
Chilton, William P. Am. jurist and statesman 1871
Chimay , de, Jean M. I. T., Princess, born Cabarrus 1770? 1836
ChinchoUe, Charles H. H. Fr. writer and jour... 1845 ....
Chinchon, Ana de Osorio, Countess of 1599 ....
Chipman, Daniel. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1765 185e
Chipman, Henrv. American jurist 1785 1867
Chipman, Nathaniel. American jurist 1752 1843
Chipman, Ward. American loyalist 1754 1824
Chipman, Ward. Canadian chief justice 1787 1851
Chirac, Pierre. French physician 1650 1732
Chisehkof. SeeSnisHKOFF.
Chisholm, Caroline, born Jones. Eng. philan. .. 1808 1877
Chisholm, William. Scot, inventor, man. in Am. 182d
Chisolm, William W. Am. jurist and statesman. 1830 1877
Chittenden, Martin. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1769 1841
Chittenden, Russell H. Am. chemist and editor. 1856 —
Chittenden, .*imeon B. Am. merchant, statesman 1814 —
Chittenden, Thomas. Am. statesman, governor.. 1730 1797
Chitty, Joseph. English jurist ......1776 1841
Chladni, Ernst Florens Friedrich. Ger. physicist liob 1827
Chlopicki. Ji'zef. Polish general and dictator 1772 1854
Chmielnicki, Bogdan. Cossack chief lo93 1657
Choate, David. American jurist 1/96 18/2
Choate, Joseph Hodges. Am. lawyer and orator... 1832
Choate, Rufus. Am. advocate and jurist 1799 1859
Choate, Rufus. Am. soldier and lawyer 1834 1866
Choate, William Gardiner. American jurist 1830
Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus. German artist.. 1726 1801
Chodzko, Jakob Leonard. Polish historian 1800 1871
Choiseul, de, Etienne, Francois Due. Fr. states'n 1719 178a
Choiseul-Gouffler, Marie Gabriel F. A., Count.... l/o2 1817
Choisl, de, Claude Gabriel. Fr. soldier in Am 1795
Choisy, de, Frauvois T.. Abbf. Fr. author 1644 1/24
Chopin, Frederic F. Pol. pianist and mus. comp. 1810 1849
Choris, Ludvik. Russian painter ....179.3 1828
Chorley, Henrv Fothergill. Eng. musical critic. . 1808 ls/2
Choron, Alexander Etienne. Fr. writer on music. 1772 1834
Chouan, Jean. Chief French Royalist insurgents 1757 1794
Chouet, Jean Robert. Prof, philos. in Geneva.... 1642 1731
Choules, John Overton. Eng. Bap. clergy'n in Am 1801 lSo6
Chouquet, Adolphe Gustave. Fr. poet, musician 1819 1886
Chouteau, Auguste. Founder of city St. Louis... 1739 1829
Chouteau, Pierre. Founder of city St. Louis.... 1749 1849
Chouteau, Pierre. American Indian trader 1/89 1865
Chretien or Chrestien, Florent. Fr. poet, writer 1542 1596
Chretien, de. Troves. French poet lloO 1200
Christ, Wilhelm von. German philologist 1831 ..^.
Christian or Christiern, I King of Denmark.... 1426 1481
Christian or Christiern, II. King of Denmark. . . 1481 loo9
Christian or Christiern, IV. King of Denmark . 10/7 1648
Christian or Christiern, VII. King of Denmark. 1^49 1808
Christian or Christiern, VIII. King of Denmark 1/86 1848
Christian (o- Christiern, IX. King of Denmark.. 1818 ....
Christian, Joseph. American jurist. 18--8 ....
Christian, William. American soldier.... ....... l/o- 1782
Christiancy, Isaac Peckham. Am.innsi.diplo.. 1812 1890
Christie, David. Scottish statesman in Can 1818 ....
Christie, Gabriel. British soldier in Canada ._-. 1798
Christie, John. American soldier ....l/S6 isis
Christie, Robert. Canadian statesman, author.. 1788 1856
Christina, Queen of Sweden. Dau. Adolphus.... 1626 1689
Christine de Pisan. Italian poetess m France... 1363? 14317
Christison, Robert, Baronet. Scottish physician 1/97? 1882
Christmas, Henrv. Eng. clergyman and writer.. 1811 1868
Christophe, Henri. Negrp king of Hayti 1767 1820
Christopoulous, Athanasios. Greekppet 17/2 1847
Christy, Edwin P. American minstrel 1815 1862
Christy, George N. American minstrel.. 1827 1868
Christy, William. Am. lawyer and legal writer. . 1/91 ..
CHU BBUCK — CLAY
1707
BORN DIED
Cbubbucl:, Samuel W. Am. inv. and manufact'r. 1800 1W5
Churcll. Albert E. Am. educator and author 1807 1S78
Church, Beujamin. Am.offic'riu K.Philip's war 16o9 1718
Church, Francis Pharcellus. Am. journalist. . .. 1839 ....
Church, Frederic Edwin. Am. landscape painter 1836
Church, Frederick S. American artist 1.M2
Church, John Adams, Am. min. eng. and writer. 1S43
Church, Levi Kuggles. Can. phys. and statesman 1S:>6
Church, Pharcellus. Am. clergTm. and author.. , 1801 1886
Church, Richard Wm. Dean of St. Paul's, London 181» 1890
Church, Sanford Ellas. Am. jurist and states'n. . 1815 1880
Church, \Villiam Conant. Am. writer and pub. . . 1836 ....
Churchill, Charles. English poet and satirist ... 1731 1764
Churchill, .Tohn. See M.^rlborough, Duke of
Churchill, Randolph S., Lord. Eng. statesman,. . 1&19
Churchill, Sylvester, Am. journalist and soldier 1783 186*2
Churchill, William. American soldier 1820 1847
Churchman, John. Am. scientist and author i.s05
Churchman, John. American Quaker preacher.. 1705 1775
Churchman, William H. American educator.... 1818 ....
Churruca y Elorza, de, Cosme Damian. Sp. adra. 1761 1805
Chute, Horatio Nelsou. Can. educator and auth.. 1847 ....
Cialdlni, Enrico. Italian general 1811 1861
Ciampini, Giovanni Ginstino. It. antiq, and hist, 1633 1698
Clbber, Colley. Eng. dramatic author and actor. 1671 1757
Cihrario, Luigi. Italian historian and jurist 1802 1870
Cicero, Marcus Tnllius. Roman orator B.C. 106 B.C. 43
Cicogna, Emmanuel Antoine. Italian writer 1789 1868
Cicognara, da, Leopoldo, Count. It. writer on art 1767 1834
Cid "r Cid Campeador. A famous Castilian hero. 1044? 1099
Cienfuegos, de, Nicasio Alvarez. Spanish poet.. 1764 1809
Cifuentes, Fray Bernardino. Spanish friar 1725 1780
Cignani, Carlo, Count. Italian painter 1628 1719
Cignaroil, Giovanni Bettino. Italian painter 1706 1770
Cigoll, da, crCivoll. Florentine painter 1.559 161S
Cilley, Joseph. American lawyer and soldier. . .. 17;55 1799
Cilley, Jo.st'ph. American soldier and statesman. 1791 1887
Cilley, Greenleaf. American naval officer 1829 ...
Cilley, Jonathan. Am. lawyer, states., journalist 1802 1838
Cilley, Jonathan P. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1835
Cimabue, Giovanni. Florentine painter 1240? 1302?
Clmarosa, Domenico. Neapolitan musical comp. 1749 1801
Clmon. Athenian commander B.c,510 449
Cincinnato, Romolo, Florentine painter 1502 1600
Clncinnatus, Lucius Q, Roman dictator ... B. c. 520? 439?
Clno da Plstoja, GnitoncinoG. It. jurist, poet. .. 1270 1337?
Cinq Mars, de, Henri C. de R..Marq. Fr.consp.. 1620 1642
Cinque. Chief of the Mendi Africans 1800
Cipolla, Carlo. Italian historian 1854 ....
Cipriani, Giovanni Battista. Italian painter 1727? 1785
Ciquard, Fran^'ois. Fr. R. C. missionary in Am. . 1760 ....
Cirillo, Domenico. Italian botanist, physician. .. 1734 1799
Clssey, de, Ernest L. O. C. Fr. soldier, politician 1810 1882
Cist, Charles. Rus. pub., journalist in America.. 17;iS 1805
Cist, Charles. Am. educator, journalist, editor. .. 1793 1868
Cist, Henry M. American lawyer and soldier 1839 ....
Cist, LewisJ. Am. banker, antiquarian, writer. . 1818 1885
Cittadini, Pierfrancesco. Italian painter 1613? 1681
Ciudad, Real A. Span, missionary and author 1551 1617
Civlale, Jean. French physician and writer 1792 1867
Clvilis, Claudius. Leader of the Batavi fl. 70
Civltall, Matteo. Italian sculptor and architect. 1435 1501?
Claflin, Horace B. Am. merch.. philanthropist.. 1811 1885
Claflin, Lee. American philanthropist 1791 1871
Claflin, William. Am. merchant and statesman. . 1818
Claggett, Thomas John. Am. P. E. bishop 1742 1816
Claiborne, Ferdinand Leigh. Am. soldier 1772 1815
Claiborne. John Francis H. Am. lawyer, journl'st 1809 1S84
Claiborne, John Herbert. Am. phys. and author. 1828 ....
Claiborne, Nathaniel H. Am. states, and author. 1777 18.59
Claiborne, W'illiam. Early Virginia colonist 1589? 1676?
Claiborne, William C. C. Am. jurist, statesman. 1775 1817
Clairaut, Alexis Claude. Fr. mathematician 1713 1765
Clalron, Claire Jos^7)he H.de L. Fr. actress 1723 1803
Clairville, Louis Francois X. Fr. drama, writer.. 1811 1879
Clajus, Johann. German clergyman 1535 1592
Clancy, Williara. Irish R. C. bishop in America. 1800 1847
Clap, Nathaniel. Am. clergyman and author 1669 1745
Clap, Roger. Eng. pioneer and writer in Am 1609 1691
Clap, Thomas. A"m. cl., educator and author 1703 1767
Claplsson, Louis. French composer 1809 1866
Clapp, Asa. Am. merch.. nav. and statesman 1762 1848
Clapp, Theodore. Am, clergyman and authoj. .. . 1792 1866
Clapperton, Hugh, Captain. "Scot. trav. in Africa. 1788 1827
Clarac, de, Charles O.F.J. B.. Count. Fr.archie'st 1777 1847
Clare, John, Northamptonshire peas, and poet. . 1793 1864
Clare, Saint. Founder of order of Fran, nuns 1193 1253
Clarendon, Ed. H., first earl of. Lord chan, Eng 1608 1674
Clarendon, Geo. W. F. v., fourth earl of. Eng. Stat ISOO 1870
Clarendon, Henry H.. second earl of 1638 1709
Claretie, Jules. French author 1840
Clarge, Robert. Scot, publisher and auth. in Am 1829
Clandge, Richard. Eng. Quaker miu.. author. . 1649 1723
Clark, Abraham. Am. states,, signer Dec. of Ind. 1726 1794
Clark, Alexander. Am. clergyman and author... 1834 1879
Clark. .-Vlonzo. American physician and writer.. 1807 1887
Clark, .^lonzo H. Am. naturalist and writer 18.50 ...
Clark, Alvan. American optician 1804 1&S7
Clark, Alvan G. Am astronomer and inventor.. 1832
BORN DIEB
Clark, Andrew, Sir. Scottish physician 1826 . ..
Clark, Billy J. Am. physician and statesman 1778 1867
Clark, Charles C. P. .4m. physician and author.. 1822
Clark, Daniel. American jurist and statesman. . 1809
Clark, Daniel. Scot, physician and writer in Can 18:a
Clark, Daniel A. Am. C'ongreg. cl. and writer 1779 1840
Clark, Davis Wasgatt. Am. M. E. bishop, author. 1812 1871
Clark, Edson Lyman. Am. Congreg. cl., author.. 1827 ....
Clark, Emmons. Am. Sec. Board of Health 1827
Clark, George Henry. Am. P. E. clergyman 1819
Clark, George Hunt. Am. iron merchant, poet... 1809 1831
Clark, George Rogers. Am. gen. and frontiers'n. 1752 1818
Clark, George Whitfield. Am. Bap. cl. and auth. 1831
Clark, Henry James. Am. naturalist, author 1826 1873
Clark, Horace Francis. Am. R. R. pres.. lawyr... 1815 1.^73
Clark, Isaac. American jurist and statesman 1749 1.S22
Clark, James, .^imerican soldier 1730 1826
Clark, James, Sir. Scottish physician 1788 1870
Clark, James Henry. American physician, auth. 1814 1869
Clark, Jonas. American clergyman and patriot. 1730 1805
Clark, John. Scot. M. E. preach'r and edu. in Am 1758 1833
Clark, John Alonzo. Am. P. E. cl. and author. . . . 1801 184S
Clark, John Bullock. Am. lawyer and statesman 1802 1885
Clark, John Bullock. Am. law'ver and statesman 1831
Clark, Laban. Am. M. E. preacher and educator. 1778 1868
Clark, Lewis G. Am. wr. Ed. of - Knickerbocker." 1810 187S
Clark, Myron H. Am. soldier, stats, and gov 1806 . ..
Clark, Nathaniel Geo. Am cl. and educator 1825
Clark, Ruius W. Am. Presbyterian el. and author 1813 1886
Clark, Samuel Adams. Am. P. E. clergyman 1822 1875
Clark, Sheldon. American philanthropist 1785 1840
Clark, Thomas. Am. engineer and author 1787 1860
Clark, Thomas M. Am. P. E. bishop and yvriter.. 1812
Clark, William. General, Explorer, gov. La.Ter.. 1770 1838
Clark, William G. Eng. scholar and author 1821 1878
Clark, William Smith. Am. scientist and writer. . 18'26 1886
Clark, Willis Gaylord. American journalist 1810 1841
Clarke, Adam. Brit. Meth. cl. and commentator.. 1762? 1832
Clarke, Alured. Sir. Eng. soldier in America. . .1745 1832
Clarke, Charles. Eng. journlst., states in Canada 1826
Clarke, Dorus. Am. Congreg. cl. and historian. . 1797 IBSi
Clarke, Edward D. Eng. traveler and mineral'st. 1769 1822
Clarke, Edward Hammond. Am. phys. and auth. 1820 1877
Clarke, Elijah. American soldier 1799
Clarke, Frank. Am. chemist and author 1847
Clarke, George. Eng. governor of New York 1763
Clarke, Henri J. G., Duc.de Feltre. Marshal of Fr 1765 1818
Clarke, Henry Francis. American soldier 1820 1887
Clarke, Henry Hyde. Eng. philologist, engineer. 1815
Clarke, James F. Am. writer. Unitarian minister 1810 1888
Clarke, John. One of the founders of Rhode Is. . 1609 1676
Clarke or Clerke, Jeremy. Pres.-regent of R. I
Clarke, John Mason. Am. geologist and writer... 1857
Clarke, John Sleeper. Am. comedian and manager 1835
Clarke, John T. Am. Bapt. clergy, and statesman 1834
Clarke, McDonald. American poet 1798 1842
Clarke, Mary Bayard. American atithoress 18:50
Clarke, Mary Victoria Cowden. Eng. authoress. . 1809 ....
Clarke, Newman S. American soldier 1860
Clarke, Rebecca Sophia. American authoress •1833
Clarke, Richard. American merchant 1708 1795
Clarke, Richard H. American lawyer and writer 1827
Clarke, Robert. Eng. surveyor and inven. in .\m
Clarke, Samuel Fessenden. Am. nal.edu., writer 1851
Clarke, Walter. Colonial gov. of Rhode Island
Clarkson, Matthew. Am. sold'r and philanthro.. 1758 1825
Clarkson, Robert Harper. Am. P. E bishop 1826 1884
Clarkson, Thomas. Eng. slavery abolitionist. . .. 1760 1846
Clary, Robert Emmet. American soldier 1805 ....
Clason, Isaac Starr. Am. actor, edu. and writer. 1789 1834
Claude, Jean. French Protestant 1619 1687
Claude, Jean Maxime. French painter 1824
Claude Lorraine, Claude Gellee. Fr. paint. Italy. 1600 1682
Claudian, Claudius. Last of Lat. classic poets .. 365? 408?
Claudius I. T. C. D. \. Emperor of Rome. . b. c. 10 a. d. 54
Claudius II, Marcus Aurelius. G. Emp. of Rome 214 270
Claudius. Matthias. German poet 1740 1815
Clausel, Bertrand, Count. French general 1772 1842
Clausen, Henrik N. Dan. divine and statesman. 1793 1877
Clausewitz, Karl von. Prussian general 1780 1831
Claver, Pedro. Spanish apostle to the negroes. .. 1572 1754
Claverhouse, Lord. See Graham, John.
Clavier. Etienne. Fr. judge and writer 1762 1817
Clavldre, Etienne. Swiss financier and writer, . . 1735 1793
Clavigero, Francisco Javier. Mexican historian.. 1731 1787
Clavijero or Clavigero, Francisco S. Mex. his.. 1721 1787
Clavijo y Faxardo, Jos«. Spanish writer 1730? 1806
Clavius, Christoph. German mathematician 1537 1612
Claxton, -Alexander. American naval oflicer 1790 1841
Claxton, Kate. American actress 1848
Clay, Cassius M. American lawyer, statesman... 1810
Clay, Clement C. American jurist and statesman 1819 1882
Clay, Clement Comer. Am. jurist and statesman 17ii9 1866
Clay, Edward W. American lawyer, caricaturist 1792 1857
Clay, Green. American soldier 1757 1826
Clay, Henry. American lawyer and statesman . . 1777 1852
Clay, James Brown. Am. lawyer and diplomat. . 1817 1864
Clay, Joseph. American jurist and statesman.. 1764 1811
Clay, Porter Am. Baptist clergyman and lawyer 1779 1850
1708
CLAYPOLE — COGGESHALL
BORN DIED
Claypole, Edward Waller. Eng. scientist in Am. 1835 .
Claypoole, James. English pioneer in America . WM 1686
Clayton, Augustine S. Am. jurist and statesman 1783 18:^9
Clayton, John. Eug. botanist and writer in Am. ISHty 1773
Clayton, Johu Middletou. American statesman. 1796 1856
Clayton, Joshua. Physician and statesman in Am .... 1798
Clayton, Powell. Ain. stats., surv. and engineer. 1833 ....
Clayton, Thomas. American jurist aud statesman 1778 1854
Cleanthes. Greek stoic philosopher b. c 300? 220?
Clearchus. Lacedienionian general B. c. 400?
Cleary , James V. Irish R. C. bp. and edu'r in Can 1828 —
Cleaveland, Elisha Lord. Am. Congregational cl 1806 1866
Cleaveland, John. Am. clergyman and author... 1722 1799
Cleaveland, Moses. American pioneer 1754 1806
Cleaveland, Nehemiah. Am. educator and author 1796 1877
Cleaveland, Parker American mineralogist 1780 1858
Cleburne, Patrick R. Irish sold, and law'r in Am 1,82.8 1864
Cleef, van, Jan. Flemish painter 1646 1716
Cleef or Cleve, van, Josse. The Fool. Fl. painter 1510? 1554?
Cleland, Thomas. Am. Presby. cl. and writer. . 1778 1858
Clemens, Jeremiah. Am. lawyer, stats, and auth 1814 1865
Clemens, .Samuel L. Murk Tuain. Am. humorist 1835 —
Clement, Clara Erskine. American authoress — 1834 —
Clement I "r Clemens Romanus. Bp. of Rome.. 30? 102
Clement IV. Giiido Fiilcodi. Pope 1268
Clement V. Bertrand Garcias de Goth. Pope. . . 1264? 1314
Clement VII. Giulio de' Medici. Pope 1480? 1534
Clement VIII. Ippolito Aldobrandini. Pope 1536 1605
Clement XI. Giovanni Francesco Albani. Pope. 1649 1721
Clement XIV. Giov'ni Vin. Ant. Ganganelli. Pope 1702 1774
C16ment, Fran^-ois. French Benedictine author. . 1714 1793
Clement, Kuut J. Danish trav. and auth. in Am. 1803 1873
Clement of Alexandria. Christian father, writer 1.50? 220?
Ciementl, Muzio. Italian musical composer 1752 1832
Clemmer, Mary. American authoress 1839 1884
Cleobulus. One of the seven sages of Greece, .fl. 6thc.B.c.
Cleomedes. Greek astrouomer fl2d (?) c. a.d.
Cleomenes III. Spartan kiug and reformer b. c. 220
Cleopatra. Queen of Egypt B.C. 69 30
Clere, Laurent. French educator in America 1785 1809
Clerc, Nicolas G. Freivch phvs. and historian 1726 1798
Clerfayt or Clalrfait,de, Francois S.C.J. dec... 1733 1798
Clermont-Tonnerre, de, Stanislas. Fr. writ 1747 1792
C16slnger, Jean Baptiste A. French sculptor. . .. 1821 1883
Cleveland, Aaron. Am. clergyman and athlete. . 1715 1757
Cleveland, .\arou. Am. Cong, cl., states., poet. . . 1744 1815
Cleveland, Benjamin. Am. soldier and jurist. . 1738 1806
Cleveland, Charles. Am. evang., philanthropist. 1772 1872
Cleveland, Charles D. Am. author and scholar. . 1802 1869
Cleveland, ChauDcey F. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1799 1887
Cleveland, Cynthia E. Am. reformer, author 1845
Cleveland, Edward S. American statesman
Cleveland, Henry Russell. American author — 1809 1843
Cleveland, Horace \Vm. S. Am. lands. -gardener. 1814 —
Cleveland, John Fitch. American journalist 1819 1876
Cleveland, Mason. American Senator 1855
Cleveland, Richard Jeffry. Am. dip. and author
Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth. Am. edu. authoress. . 1846 ....
Cleveland, Stephen G. TVenty-second pres. U. S 1837 —
Clevenger, Shobal Vail. American sculptor 1812 1843
Clevenger, Shobal Vail. Ital. phys., eng. in Am.. 1843
CliiTord, John Henry. Am. lawyer, statesman — 1809 1876
Clifford, Nathan. Am. jurist and diplomat 1803 1881
Clifton, William. American poet 1772 1799
Climacus, Joannes. Scholnstims. Monk, author. 525? 606?
Cllncll, Charles P. Am. cus'm-house ofti'r, auth. 1797 1880
Clinch, Duncan Lamout. Am. soldier, statesm'n 1787 1849
Clingman, Thomas Lanier. Am. states, scient. . 1812
Clinton, Alexander. American physician 1793 1878
Clinton, Charles. Irish pioneer lu America 1690 1773
Clinton. Charles. American surgeon 1791
Cliuuon, De Witt. American statesman 1769 1828
Clinton, Geo. Am. statesm'n. vice pres. U.S 1739 1812
Clinton, George. Colonial governor of New York . .. 1761
Clinton, Henry, Sir. Eug. general in America... . 1738 1795
Clinton, Heurv Fvnes. English writer 1781 1S52
Clinton, James. 'Father oj be Witt. Am. brig. gen. 1736 1812
Clinton, Joseph Jackson. Am. A. M. E. Zion bp.. . IS'23 1881
Clitz, Henry Boynton. American soldier 1824 —
Clltz, JohnMellen Bradv. American naval officer 1821
Clive, Caroline. English novelist 1801 1873
Clive, Kitty. English actress 171L 1785
Clive, Robert, first Lord. Brit. gen. and statesm. 1725 1774
ClOOts, Johann Baptist, Baron. Prus.-Fr. revol.. . l^.'iS 1794
Cloquet, Jules Germain, Baron. French surgeon 1790 18.S2
Cloriviere, Father. Fr. R. C. clergyman in Am. . 17ikS 1826
Closse, Raphael Lambert. Fr. soldier in Canada. 1620 1662
Clossy, Samuel. Irish physician aud edu. in Am. 1717 177ti
Clotaire I. fon of Ctovis. King of France 497 .Wl
Clotilda or Clotil'de, Saint. Wi/eofClovis 476? 545
Cloud, Saint, or Clodoald. Graud.^onof Clovis 560
Clouet, Jean Francois. Fr. chemist, metallurgist 1751 1801
Clough, Arthur Hugh. English poet 1819 1861
Clough, George L. American artist 1824
Clougll, JohnE. American missionary 18.36 ....
Clover, Lewis P. Am. P. E. clergyman'and artist. 1819
Clovis I. Founder of the Frankish monarchy 465? 611
Clowes, William. English printer 1779 1847
Clowes, William C. English surgeon 1540 1604
BOliN
Clugny de Nuls, Jean E. B. Fr. comp., gen. of fina 1729
Cluseret, Gnstave Paul. Fr. brigadier in Am 1823
Cluver, Phillip. German geologist 1.580
Clyde, Colin C, Sir. Scottish soldier in N. S 1792
Clymer, George. Am. signer of the Dec. oflnd.. 1739
Clymer, Meredith. Am. physician and author. . . 1817
Coale, Robert Dorsey. American chemist 1857
Coan, Sherwood. American vocalist 1830
Coan, Titus American missionary 1801
Coan, Titus M. Hawaiian physician in America.. 1836
Cobb, Carlos. American lawyer and geologist. . . 1815
Cobb, Cyrus, Am. artist, sculptor and musician. 1834
Cobb, Darius. Am. artist, musician and author. . 1834
Cobb, David. American soldier 1748
Cobb, George T. Am. statesman, philanthropist. . 1813
Cobb, Howell. American soldier and statesman.. 1770
Cobb, Howell. American politician 1815
Cobb, Jonathan Holmes. Am. manufacturer 1799
Cobb, Joseph Beekham. Am. statesman, author. . 1819
Cobb, Lyman. American author 1800
Cobb, Nathaniel R. Am. merch., philanthropist.. 1798
Cobb, Stephen .\lonzo. Am. lawyer and Senator. Ib33
Cobb, Sylvanus. Am. Universalist cl. and author 1799
Cobb, Svlvanus. American journalist aud author 1823
Cobb, Thomas R. R. Am. lawyer and author 1823
Cobb, Thomas W. Am. jurist aud statesman 1784
Cobbe. Francis Power. Eng. rationalistic writer. 1822
Cobbett, Thomas. Eng. clergyman and author... 1808
Cobbett, William. Eng. political writer 1762
Cobbs, Nicholas Ham ner. Am. P. E. bishop 1796
Cobden, Richard. Eng. politician and economist 1804
Cobham, John 01<?castle, Lord. Eng. martyr 13(i0?
Cobos, Marcelino. Spanish bandit ' 1825
Coburn, .\bner. Am. merchant and statesman — 1803
Coburn, Charles R. Am. lecturer and journalist. 1809
Coccejus, Johannes. Dutch Heb. Commentator. 1603
Cocchi, Antonio. Italian phsysician 1695
Coccia, Carlo. Italian musical composer 1782
Cochet, Jean B. D., Abbe. French archaeologist.. 1812
Cochetti, Carlo. Italian author 1817
Cochin, Charles N. French engraver aud writer. 1715
Cochin, Deuvs. French lawyer aud writer 1851
Cochran, David H. Am. educator and lecturer.. 1828
Cochran, James. American inventor 1763
Cochran, John. American surgeon 1730
Cochran, John. American lawyer and soldier 1813
Cochran, John W. American inventor 1814
Cochran, William. Scottish artist 1738
Cochrane, Alex. F.I. .Sir. Eng. nav. ofH. in Am.. 1758
Cochrane, John D. Pedestrian and author..... .. 1780
Cochrane, Thomas J.. Sir. Naval officer in Am.. 1790
Cochrane, William. Scot. Presby. clorg. in Am. . 1831
Coch, Thomas. Am. physician and educator 1782
Cockburn, Alexander J. E., Sir. English jurist.. 1802
Cockburn, Alexander P. Can. meach., states 1837
Cockburn, George Ralph R. Scot. edu. in Can.. . 1834
Cockburn, George. Sir. Eng. naval officer in Am. 1771
Cockburn, Henry Thomas, Lord. Scottish jurist. 1779
Cockburn, James. Scottish statesman in Canada 1819
Cocke, John. American soldier aud statesman... 1772
Cocke, John Hartwell. American soldier 1780
Cocke, Philip St. George. Am. soldier and author ISOS
Cocke, William. American jurist and statesman. 1740
Cocker, Edward. English arithmetician 1631
Cockerell, Charles Robert. English architect — 1788
Cockrell, Francis Marion. Am. sold, and senator.. 18.34
Cockton, Henry. English author 1807
Codazzi, Apostino. Ital. geographer in Venezuela 1792
Codding, Ichabod. Am.Cong.clersy. and lecturer 1811
Coddington, Wjlliam. Fouuder of Rhode Island. 1601
Codemo-Gerstenbrand, Luigia. Italian writer. . 1828
Codman, John. Am. Cong, clergy, and benefactor 1782
Codman, John. American merchant marine 1814
Codrington. Edward, Sir. English vice admiral. 1770
Cody, Will. F. "Buffalo Bill." Am. scout and act. 1845
Coehoorn, van, Menno, Baron, Dutch engineer. . 1641
Coello, Claudio. Spanish painter 16'21
Coeur de Lion. See Rich-4RD I.
Coffee, John. American soldier 1772
Coffin, Charles. French poet 1673
Coffin, Charles Carleton. Am. jour, and author. . 1821
Coffin, Isaac, Sir. English admiral 1759
Coffin, John. American loyalist 1756
Coffin, John H. Crane. Am. scientist and author. 1815
Coffin, Joshua. Am. educator and antiquary 1792
Coffin, Levi. American philanthropist 1768
Coffin, Nathaniel. Am. physician and surgeon — 1744
Coffin, Robert Allen. Am. educator and writer.. 1801
Coffin, Robert Barry. Am. journalist and author. 1826
Coffin, Robert S. Am. poet, sailor aud printer — 1797
Coffin, Roland Folger. Am. sailor and author — 1826
Coffin, Selden Jennings. Am. scientist aud writer 1S3S
Coffin, 'Thomas Aston, Sir. American loyalist — 1754
Coffin, Timothy Gardner. American lawyer 1788
Coffin, Tristram. English colonist in America.. . . 1605
Coffin, William Anderson. American artist 1855
Coggeshall, George. American sailor and author 1784
Coggeshail, Jesse Am. secretary of legation.... 1851
Coggeshall, William T. Am. journ. and soldier. . 1824
DIED
1776
i6'23
1863
1813
1874
1882
1839
1.S70
1820
1868
1882
1858
1864
1834
187S
1866
1887
1862
1830
1885
1835
1861
1865
1417
1860
1885
1869
1669
1758
1873
1875
1790
1846
1807
1785
1832
182&
1872
1869
1880
1853
1854
I88S
1854
1866
1861
1675
1863
1853
1859?
1866
1678
1847
issi
i7oi
1693
1834
1749
1838
i864
1877
1826
1878
1886
1827
1888
1810
1854
1681
I«68
1567
COGHETTI — COXDICT
1709
1872
1864
1786 1871
1761 1830
1865
1882
1813
1810
1831
1759
„ . ^^ „ BORN DIED
Cognetti, Francesco. Italian rainter 1804
Cognlard, Throdore. French playwright 1803
Cogoluiceano, Michail. Roumanian historian,,. 1S06
Cosswell, Jonathan. Am. Cong, cl., edu. and ben 1782
Cogswell, Joseph G. Am. blblio. and teacher.
Cogswell, Mason Fitch. American physician.
Cogswell, Mason Fitch. American physician JS07
Cogswell, Milton. American soldier 1825
Cogswell, Nathaniel. Am. soldier and lawyer. ... 1773
Cogswell, Thomas. .American soldier 1746
Cogswell, William. Am. surgeon and benefact'r. 1760
Cogswell, William. Am. lawyer and soldier 1838
Cogswell, William. Am. cl., educator and author 1787 isSO
Conen, Jacob Da S. S. .\m. physician and author 1838
Coignet, Clarisse Gauthier. French writer... . 1823
Colgny, de, .-intoine F. de F., Due. Fr. marshal. 1670
Coit, Henry A. .\m. P. E. clergyman and writer. . 1831
Coit, James Milnor. .\m. chemist and author 1845
Coit, Joseph Howlaud. Am. educator and editor
Coit, Thomas W. Am. P. E. cl.. educator, author. 1803 1885
Coiter, Volcher. Dutch pathologic anatomist 1534
Cokayne, Aston. Sir. Eng. Roy., doggerel poet.. 1608
Coke, Edward. Sir. Lord chief justice of Eng 1552
Coke, Richard. Am. jurist, soldier.statesman. ..1829
Coke, Thomas. First bishop of the M. E. church 1747
Colbert. Jean B., M. de S. French financier 1619
Colborne, John, Sir. British soldier 1779
Colburn, Jeremiah. Am. numismatist, journ 1815
Colburn, Warren. American arithmatician 1793 ^a.^
Colburn, Zerah. American mathematical prodigy 1.S04 1840
Colburn, Zerah. Am. engineer, inventor, writer. 1832 1870
Colby, Anthony. .American statesman, educator. 1792 1.S73
Colby, Charles Galusha. Am. scientist and editor 1830 1866
Colby, Charles Lewis. American statesman 1839
Colby, Crardner. Am. man. and philanthropist. 1810
Colby, Henry F. Am. Bapt. cl. and writer 1842
Colby, Thos. Frederick. Eng. eng. and ord. sury. 17K4
Colour. Arcaucanian cacique of Angol 1555
Golden, Cadwallader. Am. phys., pdl., botanist., le,"*
Golden, Cadwallader D. Am. lawy'r. statesman.. 1769
Cole, Azel Dow. Am. P. E. cl. and educator 1818
Cole, Cornelius. Am. lawyer and statesman 1822
Cole, Henry, Sir. FclU Summerlt/. Eng. author. . 1808 i882
Cole, Joseph Foxcroft. American artist 1837
Cole, Orsamus. American jurist. . . 1819
Cole, Thomas. English-American painter .... 1801
Cole, Vicat. R. A. English landscape painter.... 1833 .. .
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas. English orientalist. 1785 1837
Coleman, Charles Caryll. American artist 1840
Coleman, John. Am. P. E. clergyman, editor. . 1803
Coleman, Leighton. .\merican P. E. Bishop 1837
Coleman, Lewis Miner. Am. edu. and soldier 1827
Coleman, Lyman. Am. Cong. cl. and author 1796
Coleman, Obed M. American inyentor 1817
Coleman, William. Am. lawyer and journalist. .. 1766 1829
Coleman, William T. American pioneer ih24
Colenso, John W. Eng. bp. of Natal, and writer.. 1814
Coleridge, Hartley. aono/S.T. Eng. writer, poet 1796
Coleridge, Samuel T. Eng. metaphys. and poet 1772
Coles, Abraham. American physician and author 1K13
Coles, Edward. American goyernor 1786
Coleswortby, Daniel Clement. Am. publisher 1810
Colet, John. Eng. cl. and dean of St. Paul's 1466 1519
Colet, Louise, born Rtvoil. Fr. poetess, nov ISIO
Colfax, Schuyler. .\m. journ.. Vice Pres. of U. S. 1823
Colgate, James Boormau. Am. bank'r and philan 1818
Colgate, Samuel. Am. manufacturer and philan. 1822
Colgate, William. Eng. manufacturer in Am. .. 1783
Colhoun, Edmund R. Am. naval oflScer 1821
Colhoun, John American naval officer 1802 ic,#a
Colignl, de, ur Coligny, de, Gaspard. Fr. admiral 1.527? 1572
Colin or Colyns, Alexander. Belgian sculptor, .. 1526 1612
Colins, Jean G. C. A. H.. Baron de. Fr. philos. . . . 1783 1859
CoUamer, Jacob. Am. jurist and statesman 1791 1865
C0II6, Charles. French poet and song writer 1709 1783
Colle, dal, Raffaellino. Italian painter 1490? 1.530
CoUes, Christopher. Irish eng. and sci. in Am. .. 1738 1821
Collet, Philihert. French writer 1643 1718
CoUetet, Guillaume. French poet 1598 1659
CoUett, Camilla. Norwegian author 1013
Collett, John. Am. geologist and statesman 1828
Colley, George. Sir. English officer 1835
Collier, George. Sir. British admiral 1738
Collier, Henry Watkins. Am. jurist and stats. . .. 1801
Collier, James. American lawyer and soldier 17(<9
Collier, Jeremy. Eug. theologian and %vriter. .. . 1650 1726
Collier, John. Tim Bobbin. English author 1786
Collier, John A. American lawyer and statesman 1787 1873
Collier, John Payne. Eng. antiquary and author. 1789
Collier, Joseph A. Am. Ref. D. cl. and author. . . . 1828
Collier, Peter. Am. chemist, inven. and writer. . 1835
Collier, Rohert Laird. Am. Unit. cl. and author. 1837
Collier, William. Am. clergyman and journalist. 1771
Collin, von, Heinrich Joseph. German poet 1772
Collingwood, Cuthbert, Lord. English admiral. . 1750 1810
Collini, Cosimo Alessandro. Italian scholar .. . 1727 1806
Collins, .\nthony. Eng. author and freethinker. . 1676 1729
Collins, Charles. Am. educator aud author 1813 1875
Collins, Edward R. American ship-owner 1802 1878
1600?
1684
16.34
isii
1683
1863
i8.33
1879
1852
1.589
1776
1834
1886
1848
1869
1863
1882
1845
1883
1849
1834
1891
1868
1876
1885
1872
1881
1795
1.855
1873
1883
1864
1890
].''43
1811
Collins, Elizabeth B. American Quaker minister 1755 1831
Collins, George C. Am. merchant and philan. ... I8I0 1875
Collins, Isaac. American publisher 1746 1817
CoUins, John American patriot and statesman 1717 1795
Collins, Joseph Edmund. Newfoundland journ 1855
Collins, Napoleon. American naval officer IS14 1875
Collins, Patrick A. . Irish lawyer and statesman 1844
Collins, Thomas. American statesman 1732 i789
Collins, Thomag Wharton. Am. jurist and states. 1812 1879
Collins, « illiam. English poet. . 1721 1759
Collins, William Wilkie. English novelist. ...!.'.. 1824 1889
Collins, Zaccheus. American philanthropist . 1764 1831
Collinson, Peter. English botanist 1693' 1768
Collmson, Richard, Sir. Eng. nay. officer and au l.sil'
Collombet, Franyois Zi-non. French author 1808 1853
CoUot, Germain. French lithotomist fl uso
SSn°J'J'^'°^ Fr. explorer and author 1751 1805
toilot d Herbois, Jean Marie. Fr. revolutionist. 17.50 1796
Collyer, Robert. Eng. clerg., auth. in America.. 1.823
Colman, Benjamin. Am. clerg. and author 1673 1847
Colmau, George. The Elder. Eng. com. dramatist 1732 1794
Colman, George. The Vounyer. Eng. dramatist.. 1762 1836
Colman, Henry. Am. Cong, clerg and author. . 1785 1849
Colman, Samuel. American artist 1832
Colocolo. Molucho or Araucarian cacique!!... 1515 isei
Colombo, Realdo. Italiau anatomist. 1.S77
Colombo, .'•'/"in. Colon. See Colu.meus.
Colonna, Vittona. Marchioness. Italian poetess 1490 1547
Colquhoun, Archibald R. British explorer 1848
Colquboun Patrick. Scot. wri. on social science. 1745 isM
l/Olquitt, Alfred H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1824
Colquitt, W alter T. Am. jurist and statesman. .. 1799 i865
Colt, Le Baron B. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1S46
Colt, Samuel. Americau inventor igu ig^2
CoUon, Calvin. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1789 1857
Colton, Gardner Q. Am. scientist and inventor . 1814
Colton, Cieorge Hooker. American author 18IS 1847
Colton, Walter. Am. clergyman and writer 1797 18.51
Columba, Saint. CofHw-i//?,-. Christianized Scot. 621 597
Columbanus, Saint. Irish monk 543? 615
Columbus, Christopher. Genoese discoverer Am 1445? 1506
Columbus, Fernando. .Sun 0/ Christopher. Author. 1488 1539
Columella, Lucius J. M. Roman agricul. writer fl 1st c
Columna, Fabuis. (/(a/. Fabeo Colonna., It.bot. 1567 1650
Colver, Nathaniel, -^m. Baptist cl. and writer... 1794 1870
Colvule, Alexander Lord. Brit, naval officer 1710 1770
Colvin, Sidney. English author 1845
Colvln, Verplanck. Am. law., topog. eng., writer 1847
Colvocoresses, C;eorge M. Grecian naval officer. 1816 1872
Colvocoresses, George P. Am. naval officer. 1817
Colwell, Stephen. Am. lawyer, benefactor, auth 1800 1872
Colyar, Arthur St. Clair. Am. lawyer, statesman 1818
Colyar, \ inceut. American artist 1825 isss
Coman, Charlotte B. American artist 1846
Combalot, Thdodore. French priest 1798 1873
Combe, Andrew. Scottish physiologist 1797 1847
Combe, George. Scottish phre'nolcgist 1788 1858
Combes Kdouard. French traveler and writer 1812 1872
Comegys, Cornelius G. Am. phvs.. edu., author, 1816
Comegys, Joseph P. Am. lawyer, and statesman 1813
Comenius, Johann A. Mor. bishop and educator 1592 167»
Comer, John. American baptist clergyman 1704 1734
Comer, Thomas. Eng. actor, mus. composer in Am 1790 186^
Comfort, Cieorge risk. Am. educator and author 1833
Comines, de, Philippe. French historian 1445 1509
Comly, John. Americau author of schoolbooks. . 1774 1860
Commager, Henry S. Am. soldier and statesman 1825 1867
Commandino, Federigo. Italian mathematician 1509 1575
Commerson, Philibert. French botanist 1727 1773
Commodus, Lucius AeliusAurelius. Rom.emper. 161 192
Comnenus. Famous Byzantine fam.l 10.50? tol460?i
Comonfort, Ygnacio. President of Mexico 1812 1863
Compagnoni, Giuseppe. Italian author 17.54 1834
Comparetti, Domenico. Italian philologist 1835
Comstock, Andrew. Am.elocutionist and author 1795
Comstock, Cyrus Ballon. Am.soldierand engin'r 1831
Comstock, John Henry. Am. naturalist and auth. 1849
Comstock. John L. Am. surg., schoolb'k compiler 1789 1858
Comstock, Theodore Bryant. Am. geol. and writ 1849
Comte, Isidore Aug. Marie Franf.Xavier. Fr.phil. 1798 i857
Gonant, Alhan Ja.sper. Am. artist and author 1821
Conant, Hannah O'Brien Chaplin. Am. authoress 1809 1865
Conant, Helen Stevens. American authoress 1839
Conant, John. Am. statesman and benefactor 1856
Conant, Roger. Early settler in Massachusetts. . 1593 1679
Conant, Samuel Stillman. Am. journ. and auth.. 1831
Conant, Thomas Jefferson. Am. biblical scholar 1S02 1891
Concanen, Luke. Irish R. C . bp. in America. I8IO
Concha, Toro Milchor. Chilian statesman. .. . 1S'J3
Concha y de Irigoyen, de la, Josi? G. Sp. general 1809 i882
Concilio, Gennaro L. V. de. Italian cl. in Am. ... 1835 . .
Concina, Daniel. Venetian theologian I686 1756
Condamine, de la, Charles M. Fr. tray., writer. 1701 1774
Conde, Jose .\ntonio. Spanish orientalist 1766? 1820
Cond6, de, Henry I. de Bourbon. Prince 1552 1588
Conde, de, Louis I. de Bourbon. Prince. Fr. gen. 1530 1569
Condfe, de, Louis II.de Bourbon, Pr. Fr. general. 1621 1086
Condict, Ira. Am. Ref. Dutch cl. and educator.. . 1764 1811
Condict, John. Am. surgeon and statesman 1755 1831
1710
CONDICT — CORDIER
BORN DIED
Condlct, Lewis. Am. physician and statesman., . 177S 1862
Condict, Silas. Am. statesman and banker 1777 1861
Condle, DavidJ'rancis. Am. phys. and author.. . 1796 1875
CondUac, de, Etieune B. Fr. metapTsiciau 1714 1780
Condorcet, de, Marie J. A. N. C. Fr. metapvsic'n 1743 1794
Cone, Spencer Houghton. Am. Bap. clergyman. . 1785 1825
Coney, Jabez. American manufacturer 1805 1872
Confucius. Chinese philosopher b. c. 551 479
Congar, Samuel Hayes. American antiquariare. 1796 1872
Congdon, Charles Taber. Am. jour, and writer.. 1821
Conger, Omar Dwight. Am. Jurist, statesman 1818
Congleton, Henry B. P., Lord. Brit, politician.. . 1776 1842
Congreve, William. Eug. dramatic poet 1670 1729
Congreve, Richard. English author 1818
Congreve, William, Sir. Englishengineer 1772 1828
Conkling, Alfred. Am jurist and diplomat 1789 1874
Conkling, Alfred R. Am. statesman and author.. 1850
Conkling, Frederick A. Am. merchant, writer 1816
conkling, Margaret Cockburn. Am. authoress 1814
Conkling, Roscoe. Am. lawyer and senator 1829 1888
Conklin, William A. Am. zoologist and yet. surg. 1837
Conklln, William J. Am. physician and educator 1844
Conley, John Dikeman. American scientist 1843 . .
Conneau, Henri. French physician 1803 l.'<77
Connelly, John. Irish R. C. bishop in America... 1750 1825
Connelly, Pierce F. Am. artist, sculp., explorer. . 1840
Conner, Dayid. American nayal officer 1799 1856
Conner, Henry W. American statesman ..1793 1866
Conner, James. Am. typefounder and inyentor. 1778 ....
Conner, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1829 1883
Conner, Samuel Shepard. Americau soldier 1783 1820
Conness, John. Irish statesman in America 1821 ....
Connolly, John. American loyalist 17.50
Connor, Edmund Sheppard. American actor 1809 ....
Connor, Charlotte M. S. B. American actress 1863
Connor, Patrick E. Irish soldier in America 1820
Connor, Selden. Am. soldier and statesman 1839 ....
Connor, Skefflngton. Irish jurist in Canada 1810 1863
Conolly, John. English physician 1794 1866
Conover, Simon B. Am. physician and statesm'u. 1840
Conover, Thomas A. American nayal officer 1794 1854
Conrad, Charles M. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1804 1878
Conrad, F. Swiss abbot in America 1833 ....
Conrad, Joseph. German soldier in America 1830
Conrad, Joseph Speed. American soldier 1833
Conrad, Robert T. Am. law., author, journalist . 1810 1858
Conrad, Timothy A. Am. nat.. scientific writer. 1803 1.S77
Conrad, William. Am. Ger. reformed clergyman 1808 1865-
Conrad or Konrad, I. Duke of Frauconia 917
Conrad II King of Germ., emperor of Romans 1039
Conradlll. King of Germany 1093 1152
Conring, Hermann. Ger. jur., antiquary, philos. 1606 1681
Conroy, Johu Joseph. Irish R. C. bisho'p in Am. 1819 . .
Consalvi, Ercole, Cardinal. Roman statesman.. 1757 1824
Conscience, Hendrik. Flemish noyelist 1812 1883
Consid6rant, Victor Prosper. French socialist. . 1808
Constant, Benjamin. French painter 1845
Constable. Archibald. Scottish publisher 1774 1827
Constable, John. English landscape painter 1776 1837
Constans, Jean Antoine Ernest. Fr. politician. . . 1833
Constans I., Flayius Julius. Emperor of Rome.. 320? 3,50
Constant de Rebecque, Henri B. Fr. orator 1767 1830
Constantine I. The Great. Emperor of Rome.... 272 337
Contarini, Andrea. Doge of Veuice 1300? 1382
Cont6, Nicolas J. Fr. painter and mechanician.. 17.55 l,'i05
Conti, Antonio S., Abbf, It. poet, philosopher. . . li)77 1749
Contreras, de, Hieronimo. Span, poet, histor'n. fi. 1600?
Contuccl, Andrea. Sansovino. Italian sculptor. . 1460 1529
Converse, Amasa. American journalist 1795 1872
Converse, Charles C. Am. musical composer l,S34 ...
Conway, Frederick B. Eug. actor in America 1619 1874
Conway, Hugh. F. J. Fargus. Eng. noyelist 1847 1885
Conway, Moucure D. American author 18.32 '
Conway, Thomas, Count de. Ir. gen. in Am. Rey. 1733 1800
Conway, Sarah C. Am. actress and manager 1834 1.S75
Conway, William. American sailor 1802 1865
Conway, William A. English actor in America 1828
Conwell, Henry. Irish R. C. bishoi) in America.. 1748 1842
Cony, Daniel. Am. phys., jurist and statesman. .. 1762 1842
Cony, Samuel. American jurist and statesman, .. 1811 1870
Conybeare, Wm. D., Deauof Llaudaff. Eng. geol. 1787 1857
Conybeare, William John, Rey. English author. 1815 1857
Conyngham, John Butler. Am. lawyer and sold'r 1827 1871
Conyngham, Redmond. American antiquarian. 1781 1846
Cook, Albert John. Am, naturalist and author, . . 1842
Cook, Clarence Chatham. Am. edu and author. . 1828
Cook, Daniel Pope. Am. jurist and statesman. ... 1795 1827
Cook, George Hamniel. Am. geologist and writer 1818 1889
Cook, Eliza. English poetess 1817 1889
Cook, James, Captain. English navigator 1728 1779
Cook, Henry F. American soldier 1863
Cook, James Merrill. American financier 1807 1868
Cook, John. Scottish Presby. cl., edu. in Canada isio
Cook, John. Am. merchant auii statesman 1825 ....
Cook, Joseph. Am. clergy., lecturer and author. . 18:^8 ...
Cook, Lemuel. American soldier 1764 1866
Cook, Marc. Am. journalist and author. 1854 1882
Cook, Mariha E. D. W. American authoress. 1806 1874
Cook, Philip. Am. lawyer and statesman 1817 ....
1836
1782
1833
1824
1792
HORN
Cook, Russell S. Am. Cong. cl. and journalist ., 1811
Cook, Theodore Pease. Am. jour., sold'r, author. 1844
Cook, Valentine. Am. M. E. clergyman, educator 1765
Cook, Zebedee. Am ins. manager., statesman... 1786
Cooke, Amos Starr. Am. miss, and educator 1810
Cooke, Edward. American educator 1812
Cooke, Edwin Francis. American soldier 1.S.35
Cooke, Eleutheros. American statesman 1787
Cooke, Elisha. Am. stateGman and physician 1637
Cooke, Elisha. Americau statesman, " 1678
Cooke, George Frederick. English actor 1756
Cooke, Henry D. Am. journalistand statesman. . 1825
Cooke, Jay. American banker 182I
Cooke, John Rogers. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1788
Cooke, Johu P. Eng musical director, composer. 1820
Cooke, John Esten American noyelist 1830
Cooke, Josiah Parsons. American scientist 1827
Cooke, Josiah Piatt. American statesman 1730
Cooke, Mordecai Cubitt. English botanist 1825
Cooke, Nicholas. American statesman 1717
Cooke, Nicholas F. Am. physician, educator 1829
Cooke, Parsons. Am. Congreg. cl. and journalist. 1800
Cooke, Philip Pendleton. Am. lawyer and author 181G
Cooke, Philip St. George. American soldier 1809
Coolie, Rose Terry. American authoress 1827
Cooklns, James. American artist 1835
Cookman, Alfred. American M. E, clergyman.. 1828
Cookman, George G. Eng. M. E. preacher in Am,. 1800
Cookinan, John Emory. Am. M. E. clergyman,
Cooley, Abiel A. Am. physician and inventor, ,
Cooley, Le Roy C. Am. chemist and inventor. .
Cooley, Thomas McI. Am. jurist and author. . .
Coolidge, Carlos. Am. lawyer and statesman..
Coolldge, Richard H. Am. "military surgeon 1816
Coolidge, Sidney. Am. scientist arid soldier 18,30
Coolldge, Susan. American authoress 1845
Coombe, Thomas, Americau clergyman 17,58
Coombe, William. Dr. Syntax. English writer , 1741
Coombs, Leslie. Americau soldier 1793
Cooper, Anthony .Ashley. See Shaftesbury.
Cooper, .\stley Paston, Sir. English surgeon 1768
Cooper, Benjamin. Americau naval officer 1793
Cooper, Elias Samuel. American surgeon 1821
Cooper, Ellwood. Am. hort., inventor and author 1829
Cooper, Ezekiel. Am. M.E.prcgen.agt.book con 1763
Cooper, George Henry. American naval oflicer. . 1821
Cooper,- Henry. Am. jurist, educator and Senator 1827
Cooper, James. American lawyer and statesman 1810
Cooper, James B. American naval ofiicer 1753
Cooper, James Campbell. American mineralogist 1832
Cooper, James Fenimore. American novelist 1789
Cooper, Joseph Alexander. Americau soldier 1823
Cooper, .Mark .\ntony. Am. lawyer and statesman 1800
Cooper, Myles. Eng, P. E. cl. arid educator 1735
Cooper, Peter. Am. philau. Founder Cooper Ins. 1791
Cooper, Philip H. American naval officer 1844
Cooper, Samuel. Am. clergyman and patriot 1725
Cooper, Samuel. American soldier 1798
Cooper, Susan Fenimore. Am. auth. and philau 1813
Cooper, Thomas. English author aud lecturer, , . 1805
Cooper, Thomas. Eng.-Am. scientist and politic'n 1759
Cooper, Thomas .\pthrope. English actor in Am. 1776
Cooper, Thomas Sidney. Eng. animal painter 1803
Cooper, William. Am. Congregational clergyman 1694
Cooper, William. American patriot 1720
Coote, Eyre, Sir. English soldier in India 1726
Copano. Chilian yoqui or cacique 1511
Cope, Charles West, R. A. English painter 1811
Cope, Edward Drinker. Am.natur. and anatomist 1840
Cope, Gilbert. Am. genealogist and historian, ,, , 1840
Cope, Thomas Pym. .\m. statesman and philan, , 1768
Copeland, Alfred Bryant. Am. artist and educator 1840
Copeland, Joseph T. Americau soldier ls30
Copeland, Ral^>h. Anglo-Ger.astron.. explorer.. 1837
Copernicus, Nikolaus. Polish or Prus. astron... 1473
Copland, James. English physician 1791
Copley, John S., Jr. Afterward Baron Lyndhurst 1772
Copp6e, Francois Edouard Joachim. French poet 1842
Copp6e, Henry. Am. educator aud author 1821
Copway, George. Indian chief and author 1820
Coquelin, Benoit Constant. French actor 1841
Coquelin, Ernest Alexandre Honors. Fr. actor.. 1848
Coquerel, Athanase L. C. Fr. Protestant divine. 1795
Coram, Thomas. Englisli pliilanthropist 1668
Coras, Jose Zacarius. Mexican sculptor 1752
Coray, Adamautios. Modern Greek author 1748
Corbet, Richard. English poet 1582
Corbett, Henry W. Am. merchant, statesman 1827
Corbin, Austin. American financier 1827
Corbin, Thomas G. American naval oificer 1820
Corbineau, Jean Baptiste J., Count. Fr. general. 1776
Corbould, Edward H. Eng. water-color painter, 1815
Corbould, Henry. English artist 1787
Corcoran, James A. Am. R. C. clerg. and journ, . 1820
Corcoran, Michael. Irish soldier in America,... 1827
Corcoran, William W. Am. banker, philan 1798
Corday d'Armans, de, Mariane C. Fr. heroine. 1768
Cordier, Henri Joseph Charles. Fr. sculptor 1827
Cordler, Pierre L. A. Fr. mineralogist, geologist. 1777
DIED
1864
1820
1858
1871
i867
1864
1715
1737
1812
1881
i854
1805
1886
isio
i782
1885
1864
1850
1871
1841
1891
1868
1866
1866
1863
im
1823
1881
1841
1850
1847
1863
1854
issi
i8a5
1785
1883
1783
1876
1840
1849
1882r
1743
1809
1783
1548
1890
1854
1543
1870
1863
1868
1751
1819
1833
1635
1886
1848
1863
1888
1793
1861
CORDOVA — COZENS
1711
BOHN DIED
Cordova, de, Fernando H. Sp. cap.-gen.of Cuba. 1792 1883
Cordova, de, Francisco. Sp. Dominican martyr 1514
Cordova, de, Francisco H. .Sp. disc, of Yucatan. .. 1518
Cordova, de, Pedro. Spanish R.C. clergyman... 1460 1625
Cordova, Jose M. Columbian general 1797 1829
Cordova, Jose Maria, South American soldier... 1786 1S46
Corduba, y Salinas. Clergyman and author
Coreal, Francisco. Spanish traveler and author.' 1648 1708
Corelli, Arcangelo. Italian violinist 1653 1713
Corenzio, Belisario. Greek painter at Naples 1588? 1643
Corey, Charles Henry. Am . Baptist clergyman.. 1834 ....
Coriolano, Bartolommeo, Cavaliere. It. en'gra. . . . 1599 1654
Coriolanus,Caius( or Cncius I Marcius. Rom. hero. aft.B.c.489
Corlet, Elijuh. Eng. educator in America 1811 1887
Corley, Manuel S. Am. patriot and inventor 1823 ....
Corliss, George H. Am. inventor and statesman. 1817 1888
Cormenin, de, Louis M. de la H., Vise. Fr. jurist 1788 1868
Cormier, Charles. Canadian statesman 1813
Cornaro, Ludovico. Venetian medical writer 1467? 1566
Cornbury, Edward Hyde. Lord. Gov. New York 1723
Corneille, Pierre. French dramatic poet 1606 16S4
Cornellle, Thomas. Brother of Pierre. Fr.drama'st 1625 1709
Cornelia. Rom. matron. Wife of Gracchus fl.2dc.B.c.
Cornelisz, Cornelis. Dutch painter 1662 1637
Cornelisz, Lucas. Dutch painter 1496 1552?
Corcelius, Elias. Am. physician and patriot 1758 1S23
Cornelius Nepos. See Nepos.
Cornelius, von, Peter. German painter 1783 1867
Cornell, Alonzo B. American governor 1832
Cornell, Ezra. American philanthropist 1807 1874
Cornell, John Black. American inventor 1825 1887
Cornell, John Henry. Am. organist, mus. comp. . 1828 ....
Cornell, Thomas. Am. steamb. and railr. financier 1814 1890
Cornell, William Mason. Am. Cong. el. and phys. 1802
Cornell, William W. Am. manuf. and philan IS'iS 1870
Cornet, de, Mathieu Augustin, Count. Fr. states. 1750 1832
Cornhert or Coornhert, Diederik. Dutch author 1522 1590
Cornianl, Giovanni Battista. Count. I tal. author 1742 1813
Corning, Erastus. Am. merchant and statesman 1794 1872
Cornplanter or Garyan-war-gar. Seneca chief. 1732 1836
Cornstalk. American Shawnee chief 1720 1777
Cornu, Sfbastien Melchior. French painter 1804 1870
Cornwaleys, Thomas. English pioneer in Am 1600 1676
Cornwall, Henry Bedinger. Am.( hem. and auth. 1844 ....
Cornwallis, Charles. Lord Comuatlis. Brit. gen. 1738 1805
Corona, Leonardo. Italian historical painter 1561 1605
Corona, Ramon. Mexican soldier 1825
Coronado, de, Francisco V. Sp. explor. of N. Mex. 1510? 1542
Coronelll, Marco Vincenzo. Italian geographer. . 1650? 1718
Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille. Fr. landsc. painter 1796 1875
Corpa, de. Peter. Spanish missionary 1560 1597
Corrado, Sebastiano. Italian scholar 1556
Correa, de Sa, Benavides Salvador. Port, admiral 1777 1852
Correa de Serra, Jose F. Port, botanist and dip.. 1750 1823
Correa Garcao, Pedro A. J. Port, lyric poet 1724 1772
Corregglo, da, Antonio Allegri. Italian painter. 1494 1534
Corrlre, de, Souza Costa Antonio. Brazil, phys. 18;M
Corrlgan, Michael A. Am. R. C. abp. and edu. . . 1839
Corse, John Murray. American soldier 1835 ....
Corse, Montgomery D. .im. soldier and banker. . 1816 .
Corslni, Odoardo. Ital. philos. and antiquary 1702 1765
Corson, Edward T. American surgeon 18.34 1864
Corson, Hiram. American educator and author. 1828 ...
Corson, Juliet, .^m teacher of cookery, author.. 1842 ....
Corterejll. Gaspar. Portuguese navigator 1450? 1501?
Cortes or Cortez, Hernando. Sp. conq. of Mex . 1485 1547?
Corthell, Elmer Lawrence. Am. eng. and soldier 1810 ...
Corticelli, Salvadore. Italian grammarian 1690 1758
Cortina, Juan Nepomuceno. Mexican soldier 18:50 .
Cortona, da. Called PietroBerrettini. It. paint'r 1596 1669
Cortot, Jean Pierre. French sculptor 1787 1843
Coruja, .Antonio Alvares P. Brazilian scholar... 1806 ....
Corwin, Moses B. Am. lawyer and statesman... . 1790 1872
Corwln, Thomas. Am. orator and statesman 1794 1865
Corwine, Amos B. Am. journalist and diplomat. 1815 1880
Coryate, Thomas. Eng. traveler and writer 1577? 1617
Cosa, de la, Juan. Spanish navigator 1509
Cosby, William. Am. soldier and governor 1695 1736
Cosgrove, Henry. American R. C. bishop 18:^4
Cosme, Jean Baseilhac. French lithotomist 1703 liSl
Cosquin, Emmanuel. French folklorist 1841
Cossali, Pietro. Ital. mathematician 1748 1815
Coss6, de, Charles. ComtedeBrissac. Fr. marshal 1.505 1563
Cossett, Francevoay R. Am. Presby. cl. and edu 1790 1863
Cossigny de Palma, Joseph F. C. Fr. naturalist, nw 1809
Costa, Paolo. Ital. author 1771 1836
Costa-Cabral. da, Antonio B.. Duke of Thomar... 1803
Costa, da, Isaac. Dutch Jewish poet 1798 mM
Costanzo, di, -\naelo. Neapolitan poet. historian 1507 1.591
Coste, Jean Jacques M. C. V. Fr. naturalist 1807 1873
Cost6, Jean Francois. Fr. phys.. med. writer 1741 1819
Costello, Dudley. British novelist 1803 1865
Coster urKostef , Lonrens J. Dutch mechanic... 1370? 1440
Coster, Saiuusl. Dutch dramatist 1.580
Coster, Joseph Frauf/ois. French financier 1730 1813
Costi^an, John. Canadian statesman 183.5 ....
Cotelier, Jean Baptis'te. Fr. professor of Greek. . 1629 1686
Cotes, Roger. Eug. mathematician, astronomer. . 1682 1716
Cotgrave, Randle. English lexicographer 1632?
BOBN DIEB
Cotman, John Sell. English artist 1782 1842
Cotta, Johann F., Baron von C. Ger. publisher 1764 Wj2
Cotta, von, Bernhard. German geologist 1808 1879
Cottin, Sophie Ristaud. French novelist 1773 1807
Cottinean, Deni N. Fr. naval oilicerin Am 1746 1808
Cotting, John Ruggles. American scientist 1783 1867
Cottle, Joseph. Eng. pub. Friend of Coleridge .. mo 1853
Cotton, John. Puritan minister in Boston 1585 1652
Cotton, John. American clergyman .. ." 1640 1699
Cotton, Josiah. Am. missionary and author 1680 1756
Cotton, Pierre. Fr. Jesuit: confessor to Henry IV 1564 1626
Cotton, Seaborn. American clergyman 1633 1686
Cotugno, Domenico. Italian anatomist 1736 1822
Coucn, Darius Nash, .\niericau soldier 1822
Coucy, de, Robert French architect 1311
Couder, Louis C. A. French historical painter... 1790 1873
Coudin, Robert. American soldier 1805 1874
Coudin, Robert Jackson. American soldier 1839 1864
Coues, Elliott. American naturalist 1842
CougUan, Lawrence. Eng.M.E.cl.in NovaScotia 1760 1834
Coulanges, de, Philippe E.. Marq. Fr. song writer 1632 1716
Couldock, Charles Walter. Eng. actor in Am 1815
Coulomb, de. Chas. Auguste. French philosopher 1736 1806
Coulter, John Merle. Chin, botanist and educator 18.51
Courbet, Gustave. French painter 1819 1877
Couroelles, de. Etienne. Arminian divine, critic 1686 1659
Courier de M6r6, Paul Lewis. Fr. polit. writer. . 1772? 1825
Cournot, .4-ntoIne Augustin. Fr. mathematician. 1801 1877
Coursol, Michel Joseph Charles. Can. jurist 1819
Court deGfebelln, Antoine. French author 1728 1781
Courtenay, Edw. H. Am. Mathe. and educator. . 1803 1853
Courtenay, John. Irish politiciau and writer 1741 1816
Courtenay, Reginald. Eng. bishop and author. . 1813
Courtney, Fred'k. Eng. P. E. bp. in Nova Scotia 1837
Courtney, Leonard Henry. M. P 1832
Courtois. Jacques. /;jScir(70.i7)ionf. Fr. painter in It 1621 1676
Courvoisier, Jean Joseph Antoine. Fr. politician 1775 1835
Cousin, Jean. French painter 1500? 15891
Cousin, Victor. Fr. metaphysician, philosopher. 1792 1867
Cousln-Montauban. See Palikao, Count de.
Coustou, Guillaume. French sculptor 1678 174S
Coustou, Nicolas. Broth. njOuillnume. Fr. sculp. 1658 1733
Couthon, Georges. French revolutionist 1756 1794
Couto, de, Diogo or Diego. Portuguese historian. 1542 1616
COUttS. See BUEDETT-COI'TTS.
Couture, Thomas. French painter 1815 ^879
Covell, James. American M.E.cl. and educator. 1796 1845
Coventry, John. Sir. Mem. of Long Parliament 1682
Coverdale, Miles. Eng. divine. Trans, of Bible. 14.S8 1568
Covernton, Charles W. Eng. phys.. edu. in Can. 1813
Covert, John M. American phvsician and scholar 1832 1872
CovUhao »r CovUham, da, Joa'o P. Port. expl... 1450? ....
Covington, Leonard. American soldier 1768 1813
Covode, John. Am. manufacturer, statesman 180S 1871
Cowan, Edgar. Am. lawyer and statesman 1815 1885
Cowan, Frank. Am. lawyer, physician, author. .. 1844
Cowell, Edward B. Eng. Sanskrit scholar 1826
Cowdery, Jonathan. American surgeon 1767 1852
Cowell, Benjamin. American jurist and author. . 1781 1860
Cowell, Joseph. English actor in America 1792 1863
Cowen, Benjamin. S. Am. phy.. jurist, statesm'n. 1793 1869
Cowen, Esek. Am. jurist and legal writer 1787 1844
Cowles, .\ugustus Woodruff. Am. Pre.sby. cl 1819
Cowles, Edward Pitkin. American jurist 1815 1874
Cowles, Edwin. Ed. Cleveland. Ohio. "Lrarffr". . 1825 1890
Cowles, Giles Hooker. Am. Cong, clergyman 1766 1835
Cowles, Henry. Am. Cong, clergyman, educator. 1803 1881
Cowley, Abraham. English poet 1618 1667
Cowley, Hannah. English dramatist 1743 1809
Cowper, William. English poet 1731 1800
Cowper, William. English anatomist 1666 1709
Cowper, William. Earl. Lord high chanc. of Eng 1723
Cox, Abraham Siddon. American surgeon 1800 1864
Cox, Edward Travers. American geologist 1821
Cox. Hannah. American centenarian 1776 1881
Cox, Hannah. American abolitionist 1796 1876
Cox, Henrv G. American phys. and statesman... 1819 1866
Cox, Henry Hamilton. Irish author in America. 1750 1822
Cox, Jacob Dolson. Can. lawyer and statesman.. 1836 ....
Cox, James. English artist in America 1751 1834
Cox, James. American soldier and statesman 1753 1810
Cox, Kenyon. American actress 1856
Cox, Lemuel. Am. bridge builder and inventor. . 1736 1806
Cox. Melville B. American M. E. missionary 1799 1833
Cox, Palmer. Canadian artist 1840
Cox, Samuel Hanson. American divine 179:i 1881
Cox, Samuel Sullivan. .American politician 1824 1889
Cox, William. English journalist in America 1851
Coxe, Arthur Cleveland. American P. E. bishop. 1818
Coxe, Eckley B. Am. mining engineer and writer 1839
Coxe, Henry Octavius. Eng. antiquary, author. . 1811
Coxe, John "Redman. Am. physician, edu.. author 1773 1864
Coxe, Margaret. American authoress 1800 ....
Coxe, Tench. Am. political economist and writer 1755 1824
Coxe, William. Eng. hist, and writer of travels. . 1747 1828
Coxie or Coxcie, Michael. Flemish painter 1499 1692
Coypel, Antoine. French p.iinter 1661 1722
Coysevox, Antoine. Spanish sculptor in France.. 1640 1720
Cozens, John Robert. Eug. water color painter. . 1752 1799!
1712
COZZENS — CROWE
BORN DIED
Cozzens, Frederick Schiller. American artist- . . 1840 —
Cozzens, Frederick Swartwout. AmerieaD author 1818 1809
Cozzens, Issachar. Am. chem., mineralogist. auth. 1781 ....
Cozzens, Samuel Woodworth. American author- 18.34 1878
Cozzens, William B. American hotel-keeper 1787 1864
Cozzens, William Cole. Am. merch, and states'n 1811 1876
Crabb, George. English philologist 1778 1851
Crabb, George W. Am. jurist, sold, and states'n 1847
Crabbe, George. Euglish poet 1754 1832
Crabbe, Thomas. American naval officer 1788 1872
Crabtree, Lotta. American actress 1847 —
Cradock, Matthew. English merchant 1041
Cradock, Thomas. American clergyman 1760
Crafts, Ebenezer. American pioneer 1740 1810
crafts, James Mason. Am. chemist and writer.. 1839 ...
crafts, Samuel Chandler. American states .1768 1853
Crafts, Sarah J. Timmauus. American authoress
crafts, Walter. American mining engineer. 1839
crafts, Wilbur risk. Am. Cong. cl. and author. . 18.50 —
crafts, William. Am. statesman and writer 1787 1826
Cragin, Aaron H. American statesman 1821 -,-.
Cragin, Francis W. Am. naturalist and author. . 1858 . .
Craider, Frederick. Revolutionary soldier 1860
Cralg, Alexander J. Am. educator and journalist 1823 1870
Cralg, Elijah. American Baptist clergyman 1743 1800
Craig, Henry Knox. American soldier 1791 1869
Craig, Isaac Eugene. American artist 18:10 ....
Craig, James. American soldier and lawyer 1820 .--
Cralg, James Henry. Sir. Euglish soldier 1749 1812
Craig. Lewis S. American soldier... ., l'^-
Craig, John. Scottish reformer 1512? 1600
Craig, John. American philanthropist 1787 1872
Cralg, Robert H. American actor 1842 1872
Craig, Thomas, Sir. Scottish lawyer, antiquary. . 1538 1608
Craig, William. Irish artist in America 1829 1875
Craighill, William Price. American soldier 18,33 ....
Craigie, William. Scottish meteorologist 1799 1863
CraiE, Dinah Maria Mulock. English authoress. 1826 18vS7
Craik, George Llllie. Eng. professor and author. 1799 1806
Craik, James. Scottish physician in America. . . . 1731 1814
Cralle, Richard K. American journalist, author 1864
Cram, Thomas Jefferson. American soldier 1807 1S8;3
Cramer, Johann Andreas. Ger. theologian, poet. 1723 1788
Cramer, Johanu Baptist. German pianist 1771 18.58
Cramer, John. American statesman 1779 1870
Cramer, Michael J. Swiss M. E. cl., and dip 1835 .-.
Cramp, John M. Eng. Bap. cl., auth. in Can 1790 1881
Crampton, John F. T. B., Sir. Irish diplomat . 1807 1886
Cranach orKranach, von, Lucas. Ger. painter. 1472 1.553
Crancb, Christopher P. American artist, poet... 1813
Cranch, John. American artist 1883
Crancll, William. American jurist 1769 1855
Crandall, Prudence. American educator 1803 ....
Crane, Anne Moncure. Am. author and novelist. 1838 1872
Crane, Bruce. American landscape painter 1857 —
Crane, Charles H. Am. surg.-gen'l U. S. A 1825 1883
Crane, Ichabod B. American soldier 1857
Crane, Jonathan T. Am. clergyman and author.. 1819 1880
Crane, AValter. English painter 1845
Crane, William. Am. merchant, philanthropist. 1790 1866
Crane, William C. Am. clergyman and educator. 1810 1885
Crane, William M. American naval officer 1770 1840
Cranlleld, Edward. Colon, gov. of New Hamp 1704
Cranmer, Thomas. Eng. refor., Abp.of Canterb'y 1489 1556
Cranston, Henry Young. Am. lawyer and legisla 1789 1864
Cranston, John. Colonial gov. of Rhode Island .... 1080
Cranston, Samuel. Colonial gov. of Rhode Island . . . 1727
Cranston, Robert Bennie. Am.polit. and philan. 1791 1873
Cranz, David. German hist, and Moravian miss. 1723 1777
Crapo, Henry H. Governor of Michigan 1.S04 1809
Crashaw, Richard. English poet 1613? 1649
Craven, Alfred Wingate. Pres. Am. Soc. Civil Eng 1810 1879
Craven, Chas. Colonial governor South Carolina .. . 1754
Craven, Charles Henderson. Am. naval officer . 1843 ....
Craven, Henry Smith. Am. civ. eng. and inventor 1845 ...
Craven. Thomas Tingey. Rear-admiral U. S. Navy 1808 18S7
Craven, Tunis Aug. Macdonough. Com. U.S.N. 1813 1864
Crawford, Geo. Washington. Ciov. of Georgia... 1798 ....
Crawford, Francis Marion. American novelist.. 1845 ....
Crawford, Martin Jenkins. Am. legis. and jurist 1820 1883
Crawford, Samuel Wylie. Brig, gen'l U. S. Army 1829
Crawford, Thomas. "American sculptor 1814 1857
Crawford, Thomas Hartley. Am. law'r and polit 1786 1863
Crawford, W'iHiam. Am.' Revolutionary soldier 1732 1782
Crawford, William H. Am. statesman, jurist — 1772 1834
Crayer, de, Gaspard. Flemish painter 1582 1669
Crazy Horse. Chief Ogallalla. Sioux Indians 1842 ....
Creasy, Edward S., Sir! English author 1812 1878
Cr6billon, de, Prosper Jolyot. Fr.' dramatist 1674 1762
Credi. di, Lorenzo. Italian painter 1459? 1537
Creery, William Rufus. Am. educator, author... 1824 1875
Creigbton, John Orde. Captain U. S. Navy 1785 1838
Creigbton, Johnston B. Bear-admiral U. S. Navy 1822 1883
Creighton, Robert. Eng. cl. Comp. sacred music 1639? 1734
Creigbton, William. American P. E. clergyman. 1793 1865
Crele, Joseph. Am. centenarian and Revo, sold . 1725 1806?
Crelle, August L. Ger mathematician and archi't 1780 1855
(Jr6mleux, Isaac A. M. Jewish-French politician. 1796 1880
Cremonini, Cesare. It. Aristotelian philosopher. 1550 1631
BORN DIED
Crenshaw, Anderson. Am. lawyer and jurist. , , 1783 1847
Crenshaw, Walter Henry. Am. jurist, statesman 1817 1878
Crequi, de, Francois <le Bonne. Marshal of France 10^? 1087
Cresap, Michael. Am. trader and Indian fighter. 1742 1775
Crescentini, Girolamo. Italian singer 1709 1846
Crescimbeni, Giovanni M. It. poet and critic... 1663 1728
Crespel, Emanuel. Canadian clergyman 1700 ...
Crespi, Giuseppe M. It. Spagnuulo. Bolo^nese ptr lOiio 1747
Cresson, Elliott. American philanthropist 1796 1854
Cresson, John C. Am. educator, civil engineer.. 1806 1876
Cresswell, John A. J. Statesm'n, U.S. Cab. officer 1828
Cresswell, Julia. (Pleasants.) Am novelist.poetess 1827 188<>
Cretin, Joseph. Am. Roman Catholic bishop 1800 1857
Creuzfede Lesser, Aug. F., Baron. Fr. dram., poet 1771 1839
Creuzer, Geo. Friedrich. Ger. antiq. and philol. 1771 1858
Crevaux, Jules Nicolas. French explorer 1847 1882
Cr^vecoeur, Jean H. St. J. de. Fr. consul in N.Y. 1731 181S
Crichton, James. A Scottish prodigy of learning 1.560 1585?
Crillon, de, Louis des Balbes de Bertbn. Fr. gen. 1.541 1615
Crinnon, Peter Francis. Canadian R. C. bishop.. 1818 1882
Crispi, 1 rancesco. Italian statesman 1819
Crispin, Silas. Colonel U. S. armv 1830 —
Crittenden, George Bibb. Maj.-Gen. U. S. Army. 1812 1880
Crittenden, John J. Am. states'n and cab. officer 1787 1803
Crittenden, Thomas T. Brig.-Gen. U.S. Volnnt'rs 1828
Crittenden, Thomas L. Brig.-Gen. U. S. Army... 1815 —
Croasdale, Samuel. Colonel U. S. Volunteers 1862
Crocker, Alvah. Am. manufacturer and capitalist 1801 1874
Crocker, Charles. American railroad contractor. 1822 1888
Crocker, Hannah Mather. American author 1765 1847
Crocker, Marcellus M. Brig.-Gen. U.S. Volunt'rs 1830 1865
Crocker, Nathan Bourne. Am. P. E. clergyman.. 1781 1865
Crocker, Uriel. American publisher 1796 1887
Crockett, David. Am. pioneer and legislator 1786 183«
Crockett, John W. Am. legislator and editor 1852
Croes, John, .\merican P. E. bishop 1762 1832
Croesus. King of Lydia fl. B. c. 560
Croffut, William A. 'Am. jour, soldier and author 1835 ...
Croghan, George. Indian trader and Indian ag't. .. . 1788
Croghan, George. Colonel U. S. army 1791 1849
Croghan, George St. John. Officer Confed. army .. 186J
Croix, de la, Jean Baptiste. Canadian R. C. bp.- . 1053 1727
Croker, John W. British statesman and author.. 1780 185T
Croker, Thomas Crofton. Irish author 1798 1S64
Croly, George. Irish author 1780 186»
Croly, David Goodman. Am. journalist 18'29
Croly, Jane C. Jenny June. Am. authoress 1831 —
Crompton, George. American inventor — 18'29 ..
Crompton, William. Cro.m2ilonJooni. Am.invnt'r 1800 ....
Cromwell, Henry Bowman. Am. shipping mer.. . 18'28 1864
Cromwell, Oliver. Lord protector Eng. com 1699 165*
Cromwell, Thomas. English statesman.... 1485? 154«
Cromwell, Richard. Stnt of Oliver CmnuttU 1626 1718
Cronyn, Benjamin. Canadian P. E. bishop 1802 1871
crook, George. American major general 1828 1890
Crookes, William. English scientist 1832 —
Crooks, Adam. Canadian lawyer, statesman 1827 1885
Crooks, George R. Am. Methodist cl., author 1822
crooks, James. Canadian nier. and legislator — 1778 186«
Crooksnanks, George. Canadian pioneer 1773 1859
cropper, John. Am. Revolutionary soldier 1756 1821
Cropsey, Jasper Francis. Am. landscape painter 1823
Crosby, Alpheus. Am. educator and author 1810 1874
Crosby, Alpheus Benning. American surgeon... 1832 1877
Crosby, Dixi, LL. D. American surgeon 1800 1873
Crosby, Eben. 2d Lieut. U. S. army 1872
Crosby, Ebenezer. American physician.. . . 1723 1781
Crosby, Enoch. Am. Rev. soldier and patriot — 1750 1836
Crosby, Howard. LL. D. Am.cL.edu., author... 1826 1891
Crosby, John Schuyler. Lieut. Col. U. S. army... 1839 ....
Crosby, Nathan, LL. D. Am. lawyer and author. 1798 188S
Crosby, Peirce. Rear-admiral U.S. navy 1823 —
Crosby, Stephen Moody. Am. leg. and ry. pres.. . 1827
Crosby, Thomas Russell. American surgeon 1816 1872
Crosby, William Bedlow. Am. philanthropist.... 1786 l.SeS
Crosby, William G. American lawyer, author. . . 1806 1881
Crosby, William Otis. Am. geologist and author. 1850 —
Crosman, Alexander Foster. Lt. Com. U. S. navy 1838 1872
Crosman, George Hampton. Col. U. S. army 1798 1882
cross, I'harles E. Colonel U. S. army 1837 1868
cross, Charles Robert. Am. physicist, educator. 1848 ....
cross, David W. American lawyer 1814 —
Cross, Edward Ephram. Am. jour., col. U.S. vols. 1S32 1S6S
cross, George Dilwin. Am. jurist and legislator 1799 1872
cross, Jane Tandy Chinn. American author 1817 1870
cross, Joseph. Am. Methodist clergyman, author 1813 ....
Cross, Osborne. Colonel U. S. army 1803 1876
Cross, Trueman. Colonel U. S. army 1346
Crosse, Andrew. English electrician 1784 18.55
Crossley, Francis, Sir. Eng. manufacturer, phil 1817 1872
Croswell, Andrew. Am. clergyman and author. . 1709 1785
Croswell, Charles M. Am. states., gov. of Mich.. 1825 1886
Croswell, Edwin. American journalist 1797 1871
Croswell, Harrv, D. D. Am. P. E. cl. and author. 1778 1&58
Croswell, Willi'am, D. D. Am. P. E. cl. and poet. . 1804 1851
Crotbers, Samuel. Am. Presbyterian clergyman 1783 1856
Crowe, Frederick. Spanish American missionary — 1858
Crowe Catherine, Mrs. iicc Stevens. Eng. auth. . 1800 187S
Crowe, Joseph Archer. English art writer 1825
CROWELL — CZUCZOR
1713
BORN DIED I
Crowell, William. Am. Bap. cl. and journalist .. Ihm; l^'T!
Crowninshield, Arrant S. Com. L". S. Navy IMJ ....
Crownlnshield, Benjamin W. Sec. of the uavy... 1/72 I80I
Crowninshield, Frederic. Am.artandmural pt'r 184.') —
CrowninsMeld, Jacob. American congressman.. 1770 1808
Croxton, John Thomas. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol 1837 1874
Crozer, John P. .\m. manufac. and philan 1793 1866
Crozet, Claude. .\m. educator and civil engineer ... . 1863
Cruce or Cruz, de la, Francisco. Spanish author 1600 1660
Cruden, Alexander. Scot. an. of Con. to the Bible 17U1 1770
Cruft, Charles. Maj. Gen. U. S. volunteers 1883
Cruger, Henry. Mem. Eng. Par. and N. Y. S. Sen. 1739 1827
Cruger, John." Colonial mnyor of New York 1710 1792
Cruger, John H. Br. offlc'r, mem. N.Y.c'y council 1738 1807
CruUtshank, George. Eng. humorous artist 1792 1878
Cruse, Christian F. Am. P. E. cl. and author — 1794 1864
Cruse, Peter Hoffman. Am. writer and poet 1795 18.32
Crusenstolpe, Magnus Jacob. Swedish author, .. 1795 1.S65
Crusius. Christian .August. German theologian. 1715 1775
Cruttenden, Daniel Henry. .\m. edu. and author 1816 1873
Cruz, da, Agostiuho. Portuguese poet and monk 1540 1619
Cruz, de la, Juan Bautista V. Mex. Capt.-Gen. . . 1517 l.)72
Cruz, de la, Juan. Sp. Carmelite friar and writer 1542 1691
Cruz, de la, Juana lues. Mexican poetess 1651 1695
Cruz de la, Rodrigo. Mex. soldier and author.. . 1637 1716
Cruz, dela, Sor Juana I. The Xtni o.f Mex. Poetess 1651 1695
Csokonai, Vitez Mihiilv. Hungarian poet 1773 1805
Csoma de Koros, S;indor. Hun. schol. and trav. . 1798 18-12
Cuadra, Pedro Lucio. Chilian civil engineer 1842 ..
Cuauhtemotzin. Thirteenth and last Mex. king.. 1495 1524
Cubu, Diouisio Vives, Count of. Capt.-Gen. Cuba 1840
Cubitt, William, Sir. English civil engineer 1786 1861
Cudequala. .\n Araucauian warrior 1555 1587
Cudworth, James, .\merican colonist 1612 1682
Cudworth, Ralph. Eng.Arminian divine and phil. 1617 1688
CueUar, de, Jos^ T. Mexican author 1835 . .. .
Cuenecura. An Araucanian warrior 1578 1609
Cueva, de la, Beatriz. Wife of Conq. of Guatemala 1541
Cuevaa Davalos, Alonso. Mexican prelate 1590 1665
Cuffee, Paul. Indian preacher 1757 1812
Cuffee, Paul. Am. negro navigator and philan.. . 1759 1818
Culcuitzcatzin. Twelfth king of Texcoco
Cuieutur. Araucanian cacique 1578 1627
Cuillavilu II. .Araucanian cacique 1580 1612
Cuitlahuatzin or Cuitlahuatl. Tenth Mex. king 1490 1520
Cujas, Jacques. (La/. Cujacius.) French jurist. 1.522 1592
Culbertson, Matthew Simp. Am. miss, to China. 1818 1862
CuUen, Paul. Irish cardinal. Abp. of Dublin. . . 1803 1878
Cullom, Shelby Moore. United States Senator, ... 1829 ....
Cullum.Geo. W. Brig. Gen. U. S, Vol. and author 1809 . , , .
Culpeper, John. Colonial Surv.-gen. and polit
Culpeper or Colepeper,Thom.,Lord. Col.gov.Vir 1719
Cultzhayotl. Aztec poet 1370 1421
Culwer, Daniel. Cahfornian pioneer Ii93 1857
Culver, John Yapp. Am civil eng. and inventor. 1839 ...
Cumberland, Frederic W. Can. arch. .civil eng. ■820 1881
Cumberland, Richard. Eng. moral philosopher, 1631 1718
Cumberland, Richard. English dramatist 1732 1811
Cuming, .Alexander. Sir Brit. offl. and Ind. agt, . 1700 —
Cumming, Alexander. Am. Presby. clergyman, . 1726 1763
Cummlng, .Alfred. Governor of Utah 1802 1873
cumming, .Alfred. Brig, Gen'l Confederate army 1829 —
cumming, Gilbert W. Am. lawyer, Col. U. S. Vol 1817 —
cumming, Kate. Am. auth., nurse in Conf. army 1835 —
cumming, Wm. Am. lawyer. Col. U. S. army.. .. 1790 1863
cumming, Koualeyn G. G. Scot. trav. in Africa. . 1820 1866
Cummings, .Amos J. American journalist 1842 —
Cummings, .Andrew Boyd. Lieut, com. U. S. navy 1.830 1863
cummings, Asa. Am. Cong, clergyman, author,, 1791 1.S56
Cummings, Ebenezer Edson, D. D. Am. Bap. cl. 1800 1866
cummings, Francis, D. D, Am. Presby. cl.. auth 1732 18:^2
Cummings, Jeremiah W. Am. R. C. cl. and auth, 1823 1.866
cummings, John S. Am. leather manufacturer 1785 1867
cummings, Joseph. D. D., LL. D. Am. Meth cl, 1817 1890
cummings. Thomas Seir. Am. portrait painter . 1804
cummings -Moses. Am. "Christian" cl. and edit, 1816 1807
Cummins, Ebenezer H. Am. clergyman, author, 1790 l.s:tt
Cummins, George D. Bishop Ref. Episcopal ch 1822 1*76
Cummins, Maria Susanna. American novelist, .. 1827 1866
Cunard, Edward. -Agent Cunard Steamship Line 1816 1869
Cunard, Samuel, Sir. Foun. Cunard Steam. Line 1787 1865
Cunequeo. Araucanian female warrior 1612
Cunha, da Barbosa Jan\iario. Brazilian states'n 17.80 1846
Cunhada Azevedo Coutinlio. Jose J. da. Braz. bp 1743 1821
Cunha Mattes, da, Kaimundo J. Braz. soldier, . 1776 1840
Cunningham, -Allen. Scottish author and critic, 1784 1842
Cunningham, Robert. British loyalist 1739 1813
Cunningham, William. Brit, provost marshal 1791
Curanteo. .Araucanian cacique 1726 1785
Curci, Carlo Maria. Italian ecclesiastic 1-800 1891
Curran, John P. Irish orator and statesman 17.o0 1817
Currle, James. Scottish physician and scholar, 17.56 1805
Currie, James George. Canadian statesman WV
Curry, Daniel, D. D., LL. D. Am. Meth. cl., edit . 1809 1887
Curry, George Law. Governor of Oregon 1820 1878
Curry, Jab(!z L. M., D. D.. LL. D. Am. edu., min.. 1825 .,,
Curry, Otway. Am. journalist and poet 1804 1855
BORN DIED
Curtin, -Andrew G. Governor of Pennsylvania... 1815 —
Curtin, Jeremiah. .American linguist 1835 ...
Curtis, .Alfred A. Am. Roman Catholic bishop. .. 18Sj ., .
Curtis, .Alva. American physician and author,.. . 1797 1881
Curtis. Benjamin K. .American jurist and author 1809 1874
Curtis, Calvin. Am. portrait, landscape painter. 1822 —
Curtis, Edward. American surgeon 1838
Curtis, George Ticknor. Am. lawyer and author. 1812 —
Curtis, George W. American author and editor. 1824 —
Curtis, Harvey. Am. Congregational clergyman. 1806 1862
Curtis, James L. Am. soldier, Prestl. candidate. 1816
Curtis, John G. Am. physician and surgeon
Curtis, Joseph B. Lieut. Col. U.'. volunteers, ... 1836 1862
Curtis, Josiah. Am. phvs. (Disi-over collodion)., 1816
Curtis, Newton M. Brig. Gen. U. S. volunteers.. . 1835
Curtis, Samuel R. Maj. Gen. U.S. volunteers 1807 186S
Curtis, Thomas. Am. Baptist clergyman, author 1780 1858
Curtis, Thomas F. Am. Baptist cl., educator. , .1815 1872
Curtis, William Edmund, LL.D. American jurist 1824 1889
Curtiss, Abbv Allin. American poet 182Q
Curtlss, Samuel I.. Ph, D.,D.D. Am edu.. author 1S44 ....
Curtius, Ernst. Ger. archa-ologist and historian 1814 .
Curtius, Georg. Brotlier of Ernst. Ger. philologist 1820 1.8*
Curtius, Marcus. Legendary Roman hero fl.B.c.4thc.
Curwen, Samuel. British loyalist 1715 1802
Cusack, Mary F. Nun of Krnmarr. Irish philan... 1830 ....
Gushing, Caleb, LL. D. Am. statesman, author. 1800 1879
Cushing, Frank H. Am. antiquarian, ethnologist 1867 —
CusMng, Jonathan P. Am.edu. College pres. . . 1763 1835
Cushing, Luther S. Author Cushing's Manual.. . 1803 185«
Cushing, Nathaniel. Revolutionary soldier 1753 1814
Cushing, Thomas, LL. D. Am. statesman 1725 1788
Gushing, Thomas H. Am. Revolutionary soldier. 1755 1838
Cushing, Thomas P. -Am. merch., philanthropist 1787 1.854
Cushing, William. Am. jurist. Massachusetts, . 1732 181»
Gushing, William. American author 1811 —
Cushing, William B. Commander U. S. navy 1842 1874
Cushman, Charlotte S. Am. actress, op. singer.. 1810 187S
Cushman, Elisha. Am. Bapt. cl. and editor ]78s 183«
Cushman, Pauline. Am. var. actress, Union spy. 1S33 —
Cushman, Robert. Plymouth Pilgrim lo,'~0 1625
Cushman, Susan Webb. American actress 1822 1859
Cushman, Thomas. Plvmouth Pilgrim 1608 1692
Cusick, Nicholas. Am. Ind. ch.,Tuscarora tribe. 17.'>6 184«
Gust, Edward, Sir. Eng. military historian 1794 187*
Custer, Elizabeth B. American authoress
Custer, Geo. -A. Maj. Gen. U. S. Volunteers 1839 187»
Guster, Thomas W. Lieutenant U. S. Army 184o 187S
Custine, Adam P., Count de. French soldier 1740 1793
Custis, George Washington Parke. Am. author, , 17.sl 1847
Cutbush, James. Am. chemist and author 1S2»
Guthbert, Alfred. .Am. lawyer and statesman — 1781 185S
Cuthbert, James H. Am. Bap. cl. and author, ,,, 1823 .^^
Cuthbert, John A. .American jurist, statesman. , 1788 18»
Cuthbert, Saint. Eng. monk. Bp.ot Lindisfarne , 68?
Cutler, Benjamin C. Am. P. E. clergyman 1798 1863
Cutler, Enos. Am. soldier and lawyer 1(81 1868
Cutler, Elbridge J. Am. educator and author — 1831 18<«
Cutler Ephraim. Am. pioneer and jurist 1767 1858
Cutler, Hannah M.T. Am. phys. lecturer, author. 1815
Cutler Htnrv S. Am. musician and composer... 1824
Cutler, Lizzie Petit. American authoress 1836
Cutler, Lysander. American soldier 1806 180*
Cutler, Manasseh. Am. Cong, cl., lawyer, phys. .. 1742 18^
Cutler, Timothy. American P. E. clergyman 1683 l/»
Cutt Charles. American lawyer, statesman 1(69 184*
Cutt, John, Eng. colonial governor in Am 1625 1681
Cutt, Richard, Am. lawyer and statesman l/d 1845
Cutt, Richard Dominicus. Am. surveyor 1817 1883
Cutt, Ammi Ruhmah. Am. phys. and statesman 1.35 1819
Cutter Calvin. Am. phvs., lect. and compiler... 1807 1872
Cutter, Charles Ammi. Am. librarian, writer. 1837 ^^__
Cutter George W. Am. law., soldier and poet.,. 1801 186ft
Cutting Francis B. Am. lawyer, statc-^man 1805 187*
Cutting, Hiram A. Am. geologist and author. . 1832 . ._^
Cutting. James -Ambrose. Am. inventor 1814 1867
Cutting, Sewall S. Am. Baptist cl. and author. . 1813 18,^^
Cutts.Maria. Eng. Sister Superior m Am ... .^ 1811 1S.W
Cuvier Georges C. L. F. D., Baron. Fr. naturalist 1(69 1832
Cuvler' Fri?deric. Bro.of prrciding. Fr. ufituralist 1773 18.58
Cuyler! Cornelius C. Am. Presby. cl writer 1783 186»
Cuyler, Cornelius, Sir. American soldier 1/40 1819
Cuyler, John M. American surgeon, ,,, 1810 1884
Cuyler, Theodore L. Am. Pres. cl. and writer.... 1822 ._.
Guyp or Kuyp, Aelbert. Dutch painter 1?±, 'S
Cyprian, Saint. Lat. father, Bp. of Carthage. . .. 200? 258
CyrU, Saint. Bishop of Jerusalam 31n? d»b
Cyril, Saint. Bishop of Alexandria ... 3/6/444
Cyrus Th,- Elder or The (irral. King of Persia. . E. c. 530
Cyrus. The Younaer. King of Persia .Jn..*^-
Gzaikovskl, Michal. Polish novelist 1808 -^
Czartoryskl, Adam J., Prince. Polish statesman 1(80 I06I
Gzermak, Johann N. Bohemian physiologist.... 1828 187*
Czerny, Karl. Austrian composer..., .......... ... 1™1 1™
Czerny, George. Kara George, hervian leader... 1770? 1817
Czuczor, Jerzy. Hungarian writer l»uu I8W>
1714
DA A — DARLING
D
BORN DIED
Daa, Ludvig Kristensen. NorweRian writer L^og 18T7
Daae, LudviK Ludvigsson. Norwegian historian 1834 .__.
Dablon, Ciaude. French Jesuit missionary in Am 1628 1700
Dabney, Charles William American diplomatist 1794 1871
Dabney, Charles William. Am. chemist, writer.. 1S55 —
Dabney, Richard. Am. educator and author 1787 1825
Dabney, Robert L. Am. Pres.cl., edu. and author 1820 —
Dabney, Virgiuius. .\m. lawyer, sold'r. author.. . 1835
Daboll, Celadon Leeds. American inventor 1818 1866
Daboll, Charles Miner. American inventor 1823 —
Daboll, David Austin. Am. statesman and pub. 1813
Daboll, Nathan. Am. teacher and mathematician 1750? 1818
Dabour, John. Asiatic artist in America 1837
Dacian, Jacob. Danish monk 1496 1562
Dacier, .<ndr6. French scholar 1651 1722
Dacier, Anne TanneguT-Lef^vre. Fr. Greek sch.. 1654 1720
Da Costa, Izaak. Dutch poet 179S 1860
Da Costa, Jacob M. West Ind. phys., wr. in Am.. 1833 ....
Dacres, James Richard. Eng. naval officer 1788 1853
Dadd, George H. Eng. veterinary surgeon in Am. 1813 —
Dade, Francis Langhorn American soldier 1835
Dael, van, Jan Frans. Belgian painter 1764 1840
Daendels, Herman Willem. Dutch general 1763 1818
Da Gama, Vasco. SeeGAMA.DA.
Dagg, John L. Am. Bapt. clergy., edu. and auth. . 1794 1884
Daggett, David. Am. jurist, edu. and statesman. 1764 1851
Daggett, Naphtali. .\m. Pres. clergy, and edu... 1727 1780
Daggett, Oliver Ellsworth. Am. Cong. cl. and au. 1810 1880
D'Agincourt, Jean Baptiste L. G. S. Fr. archseol. 1730 1814
Dagnan-Bouveret, Pascal Adolphe J. Fr. paint. 1852 ..
Dagobert I. King of the Franks 600? 638
Dagtierre, Louis Jacques Mande. Fr. inventor... 1787 1851
D'Aguesseau or Daguesseau. See Aguessead, d'.
Dahl, Johau Kristen C. Norw. landsc. painter. . . 1788 1857
Dahl, Konrad. Norwegian poet 1843 ..
Dalil, Vladimir Ivanovitch. Russian novelist ... 1801 1872
DaMberg, Erie. Swedish engineer and general.. 1025 1703
Dahlbom, .\nders Gustaf. Swedish entomologist 1806 1859
Dabigren, Fredrik .\ugust. Swedish poet 1816 ....
Dablgren, Karl Johan. Swed. poet and novelist 1793 1844
Dahlgren, .1ohn Adolph. American rear admiral 1809 1870
Dablgren, Madeleine V. Wife of preceding. Auth. 1835 ....
Dablgren, Ulric. American military officer 1842 1864
Dablmann, Friedrich Christoph. Ger. historian. 1785 1860
Dalm, Julius S. F. German jurist and author 1834
Daille, Pierre. French clergyman in America — 1649 1715
Daln, Charles. West Indian magistrate 1813 1873
Dakin, Thomas S. Am. merchant and rifleman.. . 1831 1878
Dalayrac, Nicolas. French musical composer 1753 1809
Dalberg, von, Karl T. A. M. Ger. arch-chan.. au. 1744 1817
D'Albertis, Luigi M. Italian geographer 1841 —
Dalcbo, Frederick. Eng, phys.,P.E.cl.,au. in Am. 1770 1836
Dale, James W. American clergyman and author 1812 1881
Dale, Richard. American commodore 1756 1826
Dale, Robert Wm. Eng. Congregational minister 1829 ....
Dale, Samuel. Am. pioneer and statesman 1772 1841
Dale, Thsmas. English professor, poet, writer... 1797 1870
Dale, Thomas, Sir. Eng. colonial gov. of Virginia 1619
Dale, William J. Am. physician and surgeon 1815 —
Dalechamps, Jacques. Pr. physician and botanist 1513 1588
Dalgarno, George, of Aberdeen. British philol.. 1626? 1687
Dalbousie, George R. Scottish general in Can... 1770 1838
Dalbousle, James A. B. R. British statesman — 1812 1860
Dalln, von, Olof, Swedish historian and poet. .. 1708 1763
Dall, Caroline Wells. American authoress 1823 —
Dall, Charles H. A. Am. Unitarian miss., writer. 1816 1886
Dall, William Healev. Am. naturalist, author, . . 1845 .
Dallas, Alexander James. American statesman.. 1759 1817
Dallas, Alexander R. C. Eng. soldier, miss., au
Dallas, E. S. English journalist and author 1827 1879
Dallas, Geo. M. .*ono/ ^./aracj. Vice-Pres. U. S. , 1792 1864
Dallas. George, Sir. English political author — 1758 1833
Dallas, Philip Nioklin. Am. lawver, diplomat 1825 1866
Dallas, Robert Charles. West India author 1754 1824
Dalling, John, Sir. British soldier 1798
Dall'Ongaro, Francesco. Italian poet. 1808 1873
Dalrymple, David. Scottish judge historian 1726 1792
Dalrymple, James, 1st Vise, Stair, Scottish jur 1619 1695
Dalsheimer, .^llce. Am. educator and poetess. , . 1845 1880
Dalton, Edward B. American phys. and writer. 1834 1872
D'Alton, John. Irish historian and genealogist. . 1792 1867
Dalton, John Call, Am, phvsiologist 1825 18.S9
Dalton, John. R. C, bishop in Newfoundland 1869
Dalton, Tristram, Am, statesman 1738 1817
Daly, Augustin. American dramatist 1838 .. .
Daly, Charles P. Am. jurist, lecturer, author 1816 —
Daly, Dominick, Sir. Gov. of Prince Edward Is. 1798 1868
Dalzel, Andrew. Prof . Greek, Edinburgh univer. 1742 1806
Dalzell, James. Soldier in .America 1763
Dalzell, Robert M. Irish inventor in America. .. 1793 1873
Damas, Francois Etienne. French general 1764 1828
Damascene, John. Christ. saint. Gov. Damascus 700? 759?
Dame, Harriet P. Am. .\rmy nurse, benefactor. . 1815 —
Damiani, Pietro.: Ital. cardinal and writer 988? 1072
D'Amico, Carlos A. .Argentine Republic states'n. 1844 ...
Damiens, Robert Francois. French regicide 1714 1757
Damlron, JeanPhilibert. Pr. eclectic philosopher 1794 1862
BORN DIED
Damjanics, JAnos. Hungarian general 1804 1849
Damen, Arnold. Dutch Jesuit in America ISOO
Damon, David, .\merican Unitarian clergyman.. 1788 1843
Damon, Howard F. American physician, author. l.So3 1884
Dampier, William. English navigator 1652 1715
Dampierre, de, Auguste H. M. P., Marq.. Fr. gen.. 1756 1793
Damroscll, Leopold. Prussian musician 1832 1885
Damroscb, Walter J. Prussian mus. conductor.. 1862
Dana, Charles A. .\m. journalist and author 1819
Dana„ Edmund T, Am, lawyer and writer 1818 1869
Dana, Edward S. Americanmineralogist. writer. 1849
Dana, Francis. LL. D. Am. statesman and jurist. 1743 1811
Dana, Israel T. Am. physician, educator, writer. 1827 —
Dana, James. Am. Cong, clerg, and patriot 1735 1812
Dana, JamesD, Am, geologist and mineralogist. 1813
Dana, James F. American chemist and educator 1793 1827
Dana, John W. American diplomat and governor 1808 1867
Dana, Joseph. American clergyman 1742 1827
Dana, Judah. American jurist and statesman.,, 1773 1846
Dana, Napoleon Jackson T. American soldier... 1822
Dana, Richard. American jurist and patriot 1699 1772
Dana, Richard H. American poet and essayist... 1787 1879
Dana, Richard H., Jr. Am. lawyer and author. .. 1815 1882
Dana, Samuel. American clergyman and lawyer 1739 119S
Dana, Samuel. -American jurist 1767 18i5
Dana, Samuel Luther. Am. sold., chem., writer. 17!i5 1868
Dana, Samuel Whittlesey. Am. lawyer, states'n. 1760 1830
Dana, Stephen Winchester. Am, Presby, clergy.. 1840
Dana, William Parsons. American artist 1833
Danby, Francis. British landscape painter 1793 1861
Danby, John. Musical composer 1798
Dancourt, Florent Carton. Fr. dramatic poet. . . 1661 1725
Dandini, Pietro. Italian painter 1646? 1712
Dandolo, Emilo. Count. Ital. pat., sold., iirfcr 1859
Dandolo, Enrico. Blind Doge of Venice 1106 1205
Dane, Nathan. American jurist and statesman.. . 1752 1835
Daneis, John Daniel. Am. naval oifi'r in Colombia 1786 1856
Danenbower, John Wilson. Am. Arctic explorer 1849 1887
Danfortb, John. Am. Cong, cl., ma the., author . 1660 1730
Danforth, Moseley Isaac. American engraver — 1800 1862
Danfortb, Samuel. Am. Cong. cl. and author 1666 1727
Danfortb, Samuel. American jurist and scientist. 1740 1827
Danfortb, Samuel . Eng. cl.. astronomer, writer. 1626 1674
Danfortb, Thomas. Eng. Colonial gov. in Am... 1622 1699
Danfortb, Thomas. American lawyer 1742 1825
Danican, Francois Andr^. Philidor. Fr. composer 1726 1796
Daniel, Antonv. French Jesuit in Canada 1601 1648
Daniel, Gabriel. French Jesuit and author 1649 1728
Daniel. Hebrew Prophet fl B.C. 607 534
Daniel, Hermann Adelbert. Ger. theolog., geog.. 1812 1871
Daniel, John Moncure. Am. diplomat and editor 1825 1865
Daniel, John Warwick. Am. sold., law., states. .. 1842
Daniel, John Reeves J. .^m. lawyer and states .. 1802
Daniel, Peter Vivian. Am. jurist and statesman. 1784 1860
Daniel, Raleigh Travers. Am. jurist, statesman. 1805 1877
Daniel, Samuel. English poet 1562 1619
Daniel, William. American jurist 1770 183S
Daniel, William. .American lawyer, statesman.. 1826 —
Daniele, Francesco. Neapolitan antiquary 1740 1812
Daniels, John M. American editor 1865
Daniels, William Haven. American author 1836 —
Danlelson, Timothy. Am. sold,, states,, jurist, ,, 1733 1791
Danllevski, Grigori Petrovitch, Rus, novelist,, 1829
Danks, Hart Pease, American mus, composer.., 1834
Dannecker, Johann Heinrich, German sculptor 1758 1841
Dansse or DAnsse, See Villoison, de.
Dantan, Jean Pierre, French sculptor 1800 1869
Dante degll Allgbleri Italian poet 1265 1321
Danton, Geo. Jacques. French revolutionist 1759 1794
DAnvllle. See Anvillb, d".
Danz, Johann Andreas, Ger, orientalist at Jena. 1654 1727
Daoust, Jean Baptist. Canadian statesman 1817 —
Da Ponte, Lorenzo, It, edu.. dram., auth. in Am, 1749 1838
Daran, Jacques, French surgeon 1701 1784
D'Arblay, Madame, English novelist 1/52 1840
Darboy, Georges, Archbishop of Paris 1813 1871
Darby, John, .\merican educator and author 1804 1877
Darby, John Nelson. English theologian 1800 1882
Darby, William. American geographer, author. , 1775 18o4
Dare or DArc, See Joan of arc. ,.,-,,„„,
Darcet, Jean, French physician and chemist — 1(2.-), 18UI
Darcy, John S. American physician 1788 1863
Darden, Miles, American giant 1798 1857
Dare, Virginia, First child born Eng, par, in Am 158;
Dargan, Clara Victoria, .\merican authoress — 1840 ,^
Dargan, Edmund Spawn, .\m, jurist and stats , 180,-) 1879
Dargan Theodore A. Am. phvsician and writer 1823 —
Darius Hystaspis I, King of Persia ,,, b c,485
Darjes, Jorichim Georg. Germ, philos, and jurist 1714 1791
Darke, William, .American soldier 1736 1801
Darley, Felix Octavius Carr, American artist,,, 1822 1888
Darley, John. Eng, actor and vocalist in Am — 1765 1853
Darley, Wm. Am. geographer and statistician.., 1775 1854
Darling, Grace Horslev. Fame Isl. Eng. heroine. 1815 1842
Darling, Henrv, .\m, Presby, cl, and author , 1823 1891
Darling, James, London pub, and bibliographer 1797 1862
Darling Noyes, Am. jurist, educator and agric. . 1782 1846
Darling, William, Scottish phys, and edu, in Am lsl5 ....
Darling, William, Scottish merchant in Canada 1819 1885
DARLINGTON — DAY
1715
BORN DIED
Darlin^on, Wm. Am. phys.. scientist and author 1782 1863
Darmesteter, Arscne. French philologist 1846
Darmesteter, James. French orientalist 1W9 188!)
Darnley, Henry S., Lord. Hus. of Mary, Q. of Scots IMl 1567
Daroud Pasha. Ottoman statesman lsi6
Darrah, Lydia. Mrs. Quaker heroine in .\merica
Dartmouth, George Legge, first Lord. Eng. adm. 1648 1691
Dartmouth, George Legge. Earl. Statesman 1755 181U
Daru, Pierre Antoiue Noel Bruno. Fr. stats., w'r 1767 1829
Darwin, Charles R. English naturalist 1809 1882
Darwin. Erasmus. Eng physiologist and poet... 1731 1802
Dasent, George Webbe, Sir. English author 1820 , ..
Dashiell, George. American P. E. clergyman 1780 1S52
Dashkov, Yekaterina R. Russian princess 1744 1810
Dathe, .lohann A. Ger. orientalist, theologian. . . 1731 1791
Datl, Carlo Roberto. Italian philologist 1619 1679
Daub, Karl. Ger. theologian and professor 1763 1836
Daubeny, Charles. Archdeacon of .Sarum 1744 1827
Daubeny, Charles G. B. Eng. physicist, chemist. 1796 1867
D'Aubignfe See ArsiGNE. d', and Merle d' AUBiG.sfe.
Dauhlgny, Charles Franfois. French painter I.M7 1878
Dacher, Louis. French musician and composer.. 1837 1878
Daudet, .^Iphonse. Fr. dramatist and novelist. . 1840 ....
Daudet, Ernest. Fr. journ.. novelist, historian.. . 1837
Daudin, Francois Marie. French naturalist 17747 1804
Dauila, de, Alonso. Spanish soldier 1536
Daulac, .^dam. French soldier in Canada 1635 1660
Daumer, Georg Friedrich. German writer 1800 1875
Daumesnil, Pierre. French general 1777 1832
Daumier, Henri. French caricaturist 1810 1879
Daun, von, Leop. J. M., Count. Aust. field mar. . 1705 1766
Dauvray, Helen. American actress 1859 ....
Davalos, de, Gil. Spanish soldier 1562
Davelss, Maria Mrs. American authoress 1814
Davenant, William, Sir. English dramatist 1606 1668
Davenport, Abraham. Am. jurist, statesman 1715 1789
Davenport, Adolphus Hoyt. American actor 1828 1873
Davenport, Addington. American jurist — 1670 1736
Davenport, Addington. Am.lawy.P.E.cL.benef. 1701 1746
Davenport, Bei^nett Franklin. Am. chem.,edu.. 1845 ....
Davenport, Blanche. Eng. act. and voc. in Am.. . 1852 ....
Davenport, Edgar Loomis. American actor 1862 ....
Davenport, Edward Loomis. American actor 1814 1877
Davenport, Fanny Elizabeth V. Eng. act. in Am. 1829 . .
Davenport, Fanny Lily Gipsey. Eng. act. in Am. 1850
Davenport, Franklin. American statesman 1829
Davenport, Henry Kallock. Am. naval officer. . . 1820 1872
Davenport, Henry George Bryant. Am. actor. ... 1866 ....
Davenport, James. .\m.Pres'. clergy, and revival. 1716 1757
Davennort, James. American jurist 1758 1797
Davenport, John. Puritan div. N. Haven, Conn.. 1597 1670
Davenport, John. English jurist in America 1635 1677
Davenport, John. Am. clergyman and educator, 1668 1731
Davenport, John Am. lawyer and statesman. . .. 1752 1830
Davenport, Lily. Scottish actress in America.. . 1854 1888
Davenport, May. American a«tress 1857 . .
Davenport, Nicholas T. American actor 1831 1867
Davenport, Richard. Eng. colonist in .\merica. 1606 1665
Davenport, Thomas. American inventor 1802 1851
Davenport, William. Am. statesman and phil.. . 1770 1859
Davenport, William. Am. clergyman, educator. 1797 1869
Davenport, William. American soldier 1858
David, Filiclen C^sar. Fr. musicial composer... 1810 1876
David, Jacques Louis. French painter 1748 1825
David, Jean Baptisl. Fr. R. C. bp.. edu. in Am . . 1761 1841
David, Pierre Jean. David d' Angers. Fr. sculpt'r 1789 1856
David or Dewl, Saint. Patron of Wales 601
Davidage, William P. Eng. actor in America 1814 1888
Davidge, William. English actor in America 1847 . ..
Davids, Thomas William. British orientalist. . .. 1843 ....
Davidson, George. English astronomer 1825 ....
Davidson, James Wood. American author 1829 ....
Davidson, John Wynn. American soldier 1824 1881
Davidson, Levi P. American soldier and poet 1817 1843
Davidson, Lucretia Maria. American poetess. .. . 1808 1825
Davidson, Margaret M. 6'istcr prfcfd'9 Am. poetess 182:^ 18.^
Davidson, Robert. Am. Presby.c!.. edu., inventr. 17.50 1812
Davidson, Robert. Am. Presby. clergyman 1808 1876
Davidson, Samuel, D. D., LL. D., Eng. exegete 1S07
Davidson, Thomas. Scot, philo., edu. in .\m.. . . 1840 . ..
Davidson, Thomas. Eng. naval constructor in Am 1828 1874
Davidson, William. American soldier 1746 1781
Davie, William R. English soldier in America... 1756 1820
Daviel, Jacques. French oculist 1696 1762
Davies, Cecilia. American vocalist 1740 1836
Davies, Charles. American mathematician 1798 1876
Davies, Henry Eugene. .American jurist 1805 1881
Davies, Henry Eugene. Am. lawyer. soldier 1836 ....
Davies, John Llewelyn. English cl. and author.. 1826
Davies, Louis Henry'. Canadian statesman 1845 ....
Davies, Marianne. American musician 1736 1792
Davies, Samuel. Am. clergyman and author 1724 1761
Davies, Thomas. Eng. P. E. clergyman fn Am 1736 1766
Davies, Thomas Stephens. Mathematician 17W? 1851
Davies, Thomas Alfred. .American soldier 1809
Daviess, Joseph Hamilton. .American lawyer — 1774 1811
Davila, Enrico Caterino. Italian historian 1576 16.'il
Davila, Gil Gonzalez. Spanish author 1570 16.58
Davila, Nepomuceno. Sp. naturalist and author 1574 1647
BORN DIEI>
Davila, Pedro Franco. Spanish naturalist 171S 1785
Davila y Padilla, .\gustin. Mexican historian.. 1562 1601
Davllller, Jean Charles, Baron. Fr. art historian 1823 1883
Davion, .\ntony. Normau clergyman 1727
Davln, Nicholas Flood. Irish law., journ. in Can 1843 ....
Davis, -\lexauder Jackson, .\merican architect. 1803
Davis, Amos. American lawyer and statesman. . 1810 1877
Davis, Andrew McF. .\m. lawyer and scientist.. 18.S3
Davis, -\ndrew J. Am. spiritualist and author. .. 1826
Davis, .\sahel. American antiquary 1791 ....
Davis, Benjamin Franklin. American soldier 1832 186S
Davis, Caroline E. American authoress 1831
Davis, Chandler B. Am. jurist and diplomatist. 1822
Davis, Charles. American jurist and statesman. 1789 186S
Davis, Charles Augustus. Am. mer. and writer . 1795 1867
Davis, Charles Henry. Am. naval offic'r, author. 1807 1877
Davis, Charles H. Am. naval offic'r. astron.,auth 1845
Davis, Charles H. S. Am. phy.. statesm'n and ed 1840
Davis, Cushman K. Am. statesm'n and lecturer. 1838
Davis, Daniel. American lawyer and author 1762 1835
Davis, Daniel. American sold'ier 1814
Davis, David. American jurist 1815 1886
Davis, Edward. English painter 1833 1867
Davis, Edwin Hamilton, .\merican archaeologist 1811 1888
Davis, Emerson. Am. Cong. cl. and author 1798 1866
Davis, Garret. American lawyer and statesman. 1801 1872
Davis, Henry. American clergyman and writer. 1771 1852
Davis, Hasbrouck. American soldier 1827 1870
Davis, Henry Winter. Am. statesman and author 1817 1865
Davis, Horace. Am. manufacturer and writer... 1831 ....
Davis, Isaac. American patriot 1745 1775
Davis, Isaac. American lawyer 1799 1883
Davis, Jefferson. Pres. of Confed. States of Am. . 1808 1SS9
Davis, Jefferson C. American soldier 1828 1879
Davis, John. Honest John Davis. Am. statesman. 1787 1854
Davis, John. American jurist and diplomat 1851
Davis, propfr(« Davys, John. English navigator 1550? 1605
Davis, John. American Baptist clergyman 1737 1772
Davis, John. Am. jurist, slatesmau and author.. 1761 1847
Davis, John .i. G. .\mericau jurist and author.. . 1801 1840
Davis, John Chandler Bancroft. Am. diplomatist 1822
Davis, John Lee. American naval officer 1825
Davis, John W. American statesman 1799 1859
Davis, John Woodbridge. Am. civil eng. and edu. 1854
Davis, Joseph Emory. Am. statesman and benef. 1784 1870
Davis, Joseph Slocuin. .\m. jurist and pub. officer 1812 1884
Davis, L. Clark. Am. journalist and philanthrop. 1835
Davis, Matthew L. American author 1766 18.50
Davis, Nathan Smith. Am. pbys., editor and auth. I817
Davis. Nelson Henry. Am. brigadier general 1821 1890
Davis, Noah. American jurist 1818
Davis, Noah Knowles. American scientist 1830
Davis, Paulina. Am. reformer, lecturer, editress 1813 1S76
Davis, Rebecca Harding. American authoress.. . 1831 ....
Davis, Reuben. American jurist and soldier 1813 187.^
Davis. Richard Bingham. American |)oet 1771 1799
Davis, Sylvanus. Pioneer and author in America .... 1704
Davis, Thomas F. Am. P. E., bishop and lawyer. . 1804 1871
Davis, Thomas T. American lawyer 1810 1872
Davis, Werter Renick. Am. M. E. clergy., states.. 1815
Davis, William Bramwell. Am. physician, auth,. 1832 .. .
Davis, Woodbury. American jurist, and writer. . 1818 1871
Davison, Bogumil. Polish actor I8I8 1872
Davison, John. B. D. Theological writer 1777 1834
Davitt, Michael. Irish patriot 1846
Davout, L. N.. Duke of Auerstiidt. Fr. marshal.. 1770 1823
Davy, Humphrey. Sir. English chemist 1778 1829
Davy, John, M. d'.. F. E. s. Physicist and author.. 1790 1868
Dawes, Henry Laurens. American statesman. .. . 1816 ....
Dawes, James W. Am. lawyer and statesman 1845
Dawes, Rufus. American editor and poet 1803 1859
Dawes, Thomas, .\merican soldier and statesm'n 1731 1809
Dawes, Thomas. Jr. American jurist and writer. 1757 1825
Dawes, William Rutter, Rev., F. R. s. Eng. astron 1800 1868
Dawes, William. Lexington patriot 1775
Dawklns, William Boyd. F. K. s. Eng. geologist 1838
Dawson, ^neas MacDonell. Scot. R. C. cl. in Can 1810
Dawson, Benjamin F. Am. phys.. inveutor. writer 1847 1888
Dawson, George. Scottish journalist in -America 1813 1883
Dawson, George Mercer. Nova Scotian geologist 1849
Dawson, Henry. English landscape painter 1811 1878
Dawson, Henry Barton. English historian 1821
Dawson, John. American statesman 1762 1814
Dawson, John L. Am. lawyer and statesman 1813 1870
Dawson, John William, Sir. Can.geol. and nat. . 1820
Dawson, Simon James. Scottish civ. eng. in Can 1820
Dawson, William C. Am. jurist and statesman. . 1798 1856
Day, George Edward. Am. educator and author. 1815 ...
Day, George Tiffany. Am. Bapt. cl. and editor.. . 1822 1875
Day, Henry. American lawyer and author 1820
Day, Henry Noble. Am. Cong, clerg. and author. 1808
Day, HenrV Wright. Can. phys. and pub. officer. 1831
Day, Horace H. Manufacturer in America 1813 1878
Day, Jeremiah. American Cong. cl. and editor. .. 1738 1806
Day, Jeremiah. Am. math. Pres. of Yale College 1773 1867
Day, Mahlon. Am. bookseller and philanthropist 1790 1854
Day, Martha. American poetess 1813 1833
Day, Samuel Stearns. Canadian missionary 1808 1871
Day, Thomas. Eng. philanthropist and author .. 1748 1789
1716
DAY — DENIS
BORN
Bay, Thomas. Am. jurist and compiler 1777
Dayan, Charles. Am. lawyer and statesman 17112
Baye, Stephen. First printer in New England... Kill
Dayton, Amos Cooper. Am. cl.. phys. and author 1813
Dayton, Elias. Am. Revolutionary" officer 1737
Dayton, John. Jurist, gov. and author in Am.... 1762
Dayton, William Lewis. American statesman... 1807
Daza, Ililariun. Bolivian statesman IMO
Deak, Ferencz. Hungarian statesman and orator 1803
Dealy, Patrick Francis. Am. R. c. cl. and ben... 1836
De Amicis, Edmondo. Italian author 1846
Dean, Amos. American lawyer and author 1803
Dean, Gilbert. American jurist 1819
Dean, .lames. American educator and writer 1776
Dean, John Ward. American historian 1815
Dean, Julia. American actress 18:50
Dean, Paul. American Unitarian clergyman 1S60
Dean, William. Am. Bapt. clergy, and missionary 1807
Deane, Ctiarles. Am. merchant and historian. . . 1813
Deane, James. Am. missionary to the Indians. .. 1748
Deane, James. Am. physician "and geologist 1801
Deane, Samuel. American clergyman and author 1784
Deane, Silas. American diploniatist 1737
Deane, William Reed. Am. merch. and antiquar. 1809
Dearborn, Benjamin. American inventor 1755
Dearborn, Henry. American general 1751
Dearborn, Henry A. S. Am. lawy., states'u, auth. 1783
Dearborn, Nathaniel. Am. engraver and author. 1786
Dearing, James. American soldier 1840
Deas, Charles. American artist 1818
De Bar, Benedict. English actor in America 1812
De Begnis, Giuseppe. Italian vocalist in Am 1795
Deberry, Edmund. American statesman 1787
De Bhaquler, Peter Boyle. Irish states'n in Can. 1784
De Bolt, Rezin A. Am. jurist, cong'man, soldier. . 1828
De Bonne, P. A. Canadian jurist and statesman. 1750
De Bow, James Dunwoody B. .\m. statistician. . . 1820
De Camp, John. American naval officer 1812
Decamps, Alexandre Gabriel. French painter. . . 1803
Decanesora. Indian chief and orator 1640
Decatur, Stephen. American naval officer 1751
Decatur, Stephen. American commodore 1815
Decatur, Stephen, Jr. American commodore ... 1779
Decazes, Elie Duke. French statesman 1780
De Celles, Alfred Duclos. Canadian journalist.. . 1844
Decembrio, Pietro Candido. Italian writer 1399
De cnarms, Richard Am. Swedenborgian cl 1796
De Costa, Benjamin F. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1H31
De Coster, Charles Thi5odore H. Belgian author. 1827
De Coudres, Louis. American brass founder 1799
Dee, John. English astrologer 1527
Deems, Charles F. Am. M. E. clergyman, author 1820
Deering, Nathaniel. American lawyer and auth 1791
Deffant, du, Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, Marquis 1697
De Foe or Defoe, Daniel. English author 1661?
De Forest, John William. American author 1826
Defrees, John D. American statesman and editor 1811
Degollado, Santos. Mexican general 1819
De Grey and Ripen. See Ripon.
De Groot, Albert. Am. navigator and benefactor 1813
De Gubernatis, Angelo. Count. Italian editor... 1840
Deguerry "I- Du 6uerry,.ibbe Gaspard. Fr. sch. 1797
De Haas, John I'hili]!. Dutch soldier in Am 1735
De Haas, Maurice K. H. Dutch painter in Am 18.32
De Haas, William Frederick. Dutch artist in Am I8:W
De Hart, William, .\nierican lawyer and soldier 1746
De Hart, William Chetwood. Am. soldier, writer 1800
De Haven, Edwin J. American Arctic explorer . 1819
De Heem, Jan D. Dutch painter of fruit, flowers 1600?
Dehon, Theodore. .Vmerican P. E. bishop 1776
Deitzler, George Washington. American soldier. 1826
Dei Vecchl, Giovanni. Itiilian painter 1536
Dejazet, Marie ^'irginie. French actress 1797
Dejoux, Claude. French sculptor 1732
De Kalb, Johauu, Baron. German general in Am 1721
De Kay, Charles. American author 1848
De Kay, George Coleman. Am. naval officer 1802
De Kay, George Coleman. American soldier 1842
De Kay, James Ellworth. American naturalist.. 1792
De Kay, Joseph Rodman Drake. Am. soldier 1836
De Kay, Sidney. American soldier 1846
Deken, Agatha". Dutch authoress 1741
Dekker, Jeremias. Dutch poet 1609
Dekker or Decker, Thomas. English dramatist. . 1570?
DeKoven, James. Am. P. E. clergyman and auth. 1831
DeKrafft, James Charles Philip. Am. nav. officer 1.S26
DeKroyft, Sarah Helen. Am. lect. and authoress. 1818
De la Becne, Henry Thomas. Sir. Eng. geologist. 1796
Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugene. Fr. painter 1798
Delafield, Edward. Am. physician and educator. 1812
Delafield, Francis. Am. physician and author . . 1841
Delafield, Henry. Am. merchant and diplomat. . 1792
Delafield, John. English merchant in ,\merica.. 1748
Delafield, John, Jr. Am. baukerand agriculturist 17-86
Delafield, Jose]>h. Am. lawyer and scientist 1790
Delafield, Richard. Military engineer 1798
Delafield, William. Am. merchant and soldier.. . 1792
Delafosse, Gabriel. French scholar 1795
Delahaye, Ernest. French painter 1855
DIED
1855
1877
1668
1865
1807
1822
1864
1876
1868
1870
1849
1868
1823
1858
1834
1789
1871
1838
1829
1851
1852
186S
1877
1849
1859
1860
1867
1875
1860
1808
1876
1820
1860
1477
1864
1879
1872
1608
1881
1780
1731
1882
1801
1871
1786
1880
ISOl
1848
1S65
1674
1817
1884
1614
1876
1816
1780
1849
1862
1851
1886
1804
1666
1640
1879
1885
1855
1863
1876
1875
1824
1863
1875
1873
1853
1878
BORN DIE»
Delalande, Pierre Antoine. French naturalist... 1787 1823
Delamater, John. Am. physician and lecturer... 1787 1867
Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph. Fr. astronomer 1749 1822
De Lancey. American soldier and statesman 1732 1800
De Lancey, Edward Floyd. Am. lawyer and hist 1821
De Lancey, Etieuue. Fr. merchant in" America... 1663 1741
De Lancey, James. Am. jurist and statesman 1703 1760
De Lancey, James. American soldier 1760 1S09
De Lancey, John. American statesman 1741 1829
De Lancey, John Peter. American soldier 1753 1838
De Lancey, Oliver. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1708 1822
De Lancey, Oliver, Jr. Am. soldier and states... 1752 1785
De Lancey. Peter. American statesman 1705 1770
De Lancey, Stephen. American loyalist 1710 1801
De Lancey, Stephen. Am. jurist arid statesman.. 1740 1798
De Lancey, Warren. American soldier 1855
De Lancey, William Heathcote. Am. P. E. bishop 1797 1865
Deland, Margaretta Wade. American authoress.. 1857 ....
Delane, John Thaddeus. British journalist 1817 1879
Delangle, Claude Alphonse. Fr. jurist and states 1797 1869
Delano, Amasa Captain. American traveler 1763 1823
Delano, Columbus. American statesman, ben 1809
Delaplaine, Isaac C. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1817 1866
Delaplaine, JohnF. Am. lawyer and diplomat. . 1815 1885
Delaplanche, Eugene. French sculptor 1836
Delaporte, Michel. French vaudeviiliste 1802 1872
De la Ram6 Louisa. Oitida. English novelist.. 1840 ....
De la Klve, Auguste. M. D. Swiss, phv., author.. 1801 1873
Delaroclie, Paul or Hippolyte. Fr. hist, painter.. 1792 1866
Delattre, Alfred Louis. , French arch;eologist . . 1850
Delaunay, Charles Eugene. French astronomer 1816 1872
Delaune, Jacques. Fr. educator in America 1812 1849
Delavan, Edward C. Am. Temperance lecturer. 1793 1871
Delavigne, Germain. French dramatist 1789 1868
Delavigne, Jean Fran^'ois Casimir. French poet. 1793 1843
Delaware, Thomas W.. Lord. Gov. of Virginia. . 1577 1618
Delbrn'ck, Martin F. R. German statesman 1817
De Leon, David Camden. Am. surgeon and writer 1822 1872
Delery, Franvois Charles. Am. phys., a\ithor 1815 1880
Delescluze. Louis Charles. Fr. revolutionist 1809 1871
Delfico; Melchior. Neapolitan polit. economist.. 1744 1835
Delgadillo, Diego. Spanish jurist 1533
Delgado, Pedro. Spanish R. C. missionary 1487 1552
Delllle, Jacques. Freuch poet 1738 1813
Deliniers-Bremont, Jacques A.M. Viceroy of B. A 1756 1810
Delisle, Guillaume. French geographer 1675 1725
Delisle, Joseph Nicolas. French astronomer 1688 1768
Delltzscli, Adolf Franz. German theologian 1813 1890
Delitzscli, Johannes. Germ, theological professor 1846 1876
Dellet, James. Irish lawyer and statesman in Am 1788 1848
Dellius, Godfreidus. Dutch Reformed cl. in Am ... 1705
Del Lungo, Isidore. Italian critic and author 1841
Delmar, Alexander. .\m. jour, and polit. econ... 1836 ....
Delmas, Antoine Guillaume. French general 1768 1813
Delmonte, Felix Maria. Dominican stats., poet.. 1810
Delmonte y Tejada, Antonio. Domiuican lawyer 1783 186!
Delolme, Jean Louis. Swiss political writer 1740 1806
De Long, George Washington. American explorer 1844 1881
Delord, Taxile. French writer and politician 1815 187T
Delorme, Louis. Canadian lawyer and statesman 1824
Delorme, Louis Renf. French author 1848
Delorme, Philibert. Freuch architect 1518? 157T
Delpecll, Jacques Mathieu. Fr. surgeon and w'r. 1777 1832
Deluc, Jean Andre. Genevese physicist 1727 1817
Delvalle or Del Valle, Aristobolo. Argen. states. 1847
Delvincourt, Claude Etienne. French jurist 1762 1831
Delyannis, Theodor. Greek statesman !*. . 1826
Demarest, David D. Am. clerg. and writer 1819
Demarest, John. American clergyman 1819
Demarest, Mary A. L. Am. philan. and author.. . 1838 1888
Dembinskl, Henryk. Polish general 1791 1864
Demers, Jerome. Canadian R. C. cl., educator... 1774 1853
Demers, M. Canadian R. C. bishop 1871
Demetrius Phalereus. Attic orator b.c. 345? 282
Demetrius Poliorcetes. King of Macedonia. b.c. 338 284
Demetz, FrOdorio A. French philanthropist 1796 1873
Demeunier, Jean Nicolas. Fr. statesman, author 1751 1814
Demldov, Nikolai. Count. Ru. conn., scholar .. . 1773 1828
De Mille, James. Canadian educator and author 1837 188»
Deming, Henry C. Am. statesman and author. . . 1815 1872
Deming, William. Am. 1st. mak. of wr. -iron can 1736 1830
Demme, Hermann Christ G. German novelist. . 1760 1822
Demmin, August Friedrich. Ger. art critic 1823 —
Demoeritus. l.miijhinrj Philosophir. Gr.phil.B.c. 470? 36^
Demoivre, Abraham. "Fr. mathematician 1667 1754
De Morgan, -\ugustus. Eng. mathematician ... . 1806 1871
Demosthenes. Athenian orator B.C. 384? 323
Dempster, John. Am. M. E. clerg. and educator. 1794 1663
Dempster, William R. Scot, vocal., musical com 1809 1871
Denaut, Peter. Canadian R. C. bishop 1743 1806
Dengler, Frank. American sculptor, educator. . . 1853
Denham, John Sir. English poet 1615 1669
Denin, Kate. American actress 18.37
Denin, Susan. American actress 1835 1875
Denina. Giacomo Maria Carlo. Ital. historian.. . 1731 1813
Denio, Hiram. American jurist and writer .. 1799 1871
Denis, Jean Ferdinand. Fr. explorer and author 1798 1879
Denis, Saint. First bp. Paris. Patron saint of Fr
Denis, Nicolas. French soldier and author 1600 ...
DENISON — DICK
1717
BORN
BenlBon, Audrew W. Am. soldier and postmast'r l.syi
Denison, Charles \V. Am. editor aud diplomat 1SU9
Denison, Dauiel. Eng. soldier aud ^tatesmau.- lijlo
Denison, Frederic. Am. Baptist cl. aud author - IMii
Denison, Frederick Charles. Cauadian soldier . 1M6
Denison, Ueorge Taylor. Cau.lawy'r aud statesm 1839
Denison, Johu Ledyard. Am.edu. aud author... lS2ti
Denison, Mary .\udrews. American authoress. . . 18"26
Denman, Thomas, Lord. Ld. chiet justice of Eng 1779
D'Ennery, .idolphe Philippe. Fr. dram, writer. . 1811
Dennett, Johu Richard, .\merican journalist 1837
Dennie, Joseph. American journalist. 1768
Dennis, ticorge R. Am. statesman, agriculturist ii^'22
Dennis, John. English writer 1657
Dennison, William. Am. statesman, benefactor, 1815
Denny, Thomas. Am. lawyer, banker, philan — 1804
Denon, iJominique Vivaut, Baron. Fr. archwol.. 1747
Denonville, Jacques K. de B., Marq de, gov. Can
Dent, Frederick F. American lawyer 178G
Dent, Frederick Tracy. American soldier 1820
Dent, George. American statesman 17C0
Dent, John Charles. Eng. journalist in Canada. . 1841
Dent, John Herbert. American naval officer 1782
Dent, Louis. American jurist 18'22
Denton, Daniel. American author
Denton, Richard Eng Presby. clergyman in Ajn. 1586
Denver, James W. Am. lawyer and statesman. . . 1818
De Palm, Joseph Henry Louis, Baron. Ger. dip. . 1809
Deparcieux, Antoine. French mathematician,,. 1703
D6 Pauw, Charles. American jurist aud soldier
De Pauw, John. American lawyer.
De Pauw, Washiugton Charles. Am. manf r, bene 1822
Deperthes, Jean Baptiste. French writer on art. 1761
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell. Am. lawyer, orator.. 1834
De Peyster, Abraham. American chief justice. .. 1658
De Peyster, Abraham. .\Bierican soldier 1753
De Peyster, .^rent Schuyler. American soldier... 1736
De Peyster, Frederic, Jr. American lawyer 1796
De Peyster, James. American soldier
De Peyster, Johannes. Dutch merchant 1600
De Peyster, John, Jr. American soldier 1S41
Pe Peyster, John Watts. Am. soldier and author 1821
Depplng, Guillaume. French librarian 1829
Depretis, Agostino. Italian statesman 1811
De Puy, Henry \N' alter. Am. diplomat and author 1820
Dequen, John. Fr. Jesuit miss, and auth. in Canada. . . .
De Quincy, Thomas. English author 1785
Derbigny, Pierre Auguste C. B. Fr. gov. in Am
Derby, E. G. S.-S., 14th Earl of. Prime min. of Eng 1799
Derby, Ellas Hasket. Am. merchant, benefactor. 1739
Derby, Elias Hasket. Am. lawyer and author. . , . 1803
Derby, Elias Hasket. Jr. Am. liierchant, traveler. 1766
Derby, George Horatio. Am. soldier and author. 1823
Derby, James Cephas. American publisher 1818
Derby, John Barton. American lawyer and poet. 1792
Derby, Richard. Am. merchant and" patriot 1712
Derbam, William. Eng. philosopher aud divine. 1657
Dermody, Thomas. Irish poet 1775
De Rosset, Armand John. Am. phys., writer 1767
De Rosset, Armand John. American physician. . 1807
De Rosset, Moses Johu. American physician.. . .1796
De Rosset, Moses John. Am. phys. and writer, . . 1838
De Rottenburg, Baron. Eng. soldier in Canada.. 1756
D6roul6de, Paul. French poet . . 1846
De Russy, Gustavus Adolphus. American soldier 1818
De Russy, Louis G. .\merican soldier 1796
De Russy, Rene E. West Iiid. engeer.,sold.in Am 1790
Dervish Pasha. Turkish general and diplomatist 1817
Derzbavin, Gavriil R. Ru. poet and statesman. . 1743
De Sacy. SeeSAcy,r>E.
Desaguliers, John T. Fr. physicist in England, . 1683
De Sanclls, Luigi, D. D. Italian divine 1808
Desandroulns, Vicomte. Fr. engineer in Canada 1740
DSsaugiers, Marc Antoine M. Fr. song writer... 1772
Desaulniers, Louis L. L. Can. phys., statesman, 1823
Desault, Pierre Joseph. Fr, writer on surgery, , , 1744
De Saussure, Henry W. Am. jur., director mint 1763
De Saussure, Wilm'ot Glbbes. Am. lawyer, soldier 1.822
Desayx de Veygoux, Louis Charles A. Fr. gen,. 1768
Desbarres, Joseph Frederick W. Eng. hydrogr. . 1722
Des Barres, William F. N. S. jurist, statesman.. 1800
Deebrosses, Jean. French painter IH^
Desca, Edmond. French sculptor 1856
Descartes, Rene. French philosopher 1596
Deschamps, Emile. Fr. poet, essayist, noveligt.. 1791
Deschamps, Isaac. Swiss jurist states'n in N. S. 1723
Deschamps, .Louis Henri. French painter 1846
Deschanel, Emile A. E. M. Fr. litterateur 1819
Desfontaines, Rene Louiche. Fr. bot., traveler. 17.50
Desha, Joseph. American soldier and statesman 1768
Desha. Robert. American soldier and statesman ..-.
Iteshon, George, .^m. R. C. missionary, author.. . 1823
Deshoull6res, Mme. Antoinette. Fr. poetess 16.34?
Desiree. Belgian sister superior in America 1815
Desjardins, Ernest. French historian .. 1823
Desjardins, T. C. Alphonse. Can. jour , states'n. 1841
Desmarres, Louis A. French oculi.st isin
Be Rmet, Peter J. Am. Jesuit miss, to Indians. . . 1.801
Desmoulins, Benoit C. French revolutionist 1761
DIED
1877
1881
1682
1854
1874
1812
1734
1882
1874
1825
1710
1873
1823
1874
1662
1876
1768
18.38
1887
1833
1728
1779
1832
1882
1793
1685
1873
1887
1876
1659
1859
1829
1869
1799
1880
1826
1861
i867
1783
1735
1802
1859
i826
1881
1832
1864
1865
1744
1869
1827
179.5
1839
1886
LSOO
1824
1885
1650
1871
1801
18:w
1.S42
1849
1694
1879
1886
18.82
1 872
1794
BORN DIED
Desnolresterres, Gustave Le B. French author 1817
Desnoyers, Augusta G. L. B., Baron. Fr. engrav, 1779 1857
Desnoyers, Peter. Fr. pioneer in America 1800 1880
De Sola, Abraham. Eng. clergyman and author. 1825 1882
Desor, Edouard. Swiss naturalist 1811 1882
De Soto, Fernando. Spaniard. Disc, of Miss, riv 1496 1542
Despard, Johu. English soldier 1745 1829
Despois, Eugene Andre. French writer 1818 1876
Desportes, M. Fr. trans., dram., and compiler.. 1798 1866
Desprez, Louis. French litterateur 1861 1885
Desprez-Crassier, Jean E. P. Fr. soldier in Am. 1733 1803
Dessaix, Joseph Marie. French soldier 1764 1834
Dessallnes, Jean J. African emperor of Havti. . , 1758 1806
Dessolles, Jean J. P. A., Marquis. Fr. general. .. 1767 1828
D'Estalng. See Estaing, d'.
Destouches, Philippe Nericault. Fr. dramatist. . 1680 1754
Destrehan, Jeau Noel. American statesman 1780 ....
Destutt de Tracy, Antoine L. C. Fr. philosopher. 1754 1836
Detmold, Christian E. Ger. eng.. man. in Am 1810 1887
Detmold, Wm. L. Ger. surg. and inventor in Am. 1808
Detre, William. Fr. Jesuit missionary and auth. 1664 ....
De Trobrland, Philippe R. Fr. soldier, author. .. 1818
Deubler, Konrad. Austrian philosopher 1814 1883
Deutsch, Immanuel O. M. Jewish Hebraist in Ger 1829 1873
Deuxponts, Christian. Bavarian soldier in Am. . 1752
Deuxponts, William. Bavarian soldier, author, . 1754
De Varennes, PerreG.S.dela V. Fr. trav.in Can 1749
Devens, Charles. Am. gen. jurist and orator 1820 1891
De Vere, Aubrey T. Eng. poet, political writer, .. 1814 .. ,
Devereux, John H. Am. eng. and R. R. manager 1832 1886
Devereux, Thomas Pollock. Am. lawyer, writer, 1793 1869
Deville, Edward G. Fr. surv. auth. in Canada... 1849
Devillez, Louis Henri. Belgian sculptor 1855 ....
De Villiers, Charles A. Soldier in America 1826
Devin, Thomas C. American soldier 1822 1878
Devine, Thomas. Irish surveyor in Canada 1823
De Vinne, Daniel. Irish M. E". cl. and au. in Am.. 1793 1883
De Vinne, Theodore Low. Am. printer, writer 1828
Devonshire, Georgiana C. Ducn. of. Eng. beauty 1757 1806
Devrient, Daniel L. Viicle of G. E. Ger. actor 1784 1832
Devrient, Gustav Emil. German actor 1803 1872
Devrient, Wilhelmi S. Ger. singer and actor 1805 1868
Dew, Thomas Roderick. American educator 1802 1846
De Walden, Thomas Blaides. Eng. dram, in Am 1811 1S7S
Dewart, Edward H. Irish M. E. cl. and ed. Can., 1828
Dewdney, Edgar. Eng. statesman in America. . , 1835 ....
Dewees, William Potts. Am. phys. and author.. , 1768 1841
De Wette, Wilhelm Martin L. Ger. theologian ,, . 1780 1843
Dewey, Charles Augustus. American jurist 1793 1866
Dewey, Chester. American naturalist 1784 1867
Dewey, Frederic Perkins. American chemist. ,. 1855
Dewey, Joel Allen. Am. soldier and lawyer 1840 1873
Dewey, Melvil. American educator aud author.. 1851
Dewey, Orville. American clergyman 1794 1882
Dewing, Maria Richards. American artist. 1855
Dewing, Thomas Wilmer. American artist 1852 ....
DeWint, John Peter. Eminent and wealthy Am. 1787 1870
De Witt, Benjamin. Phys. and scientist in Am. . 1774 1819
De Witt, Charles. American statesman 1728 1787
De Witt, Jan. Eminent Dutch statesman 1625 1668
De Witt, John. Am. Ref. D. clergyman, educator 1821
De Witt, John. Am. Presby. clergyman, educator 1842 ....
De Witt, Simeon. American surveyor aud author 1756 1834
De Witt, Susan Linn. American authoress 1778 1824
De Witt, Thomas. American Ref. D. clergyman. . 1781 1874
De Witt, William R. Am. clergyman and soldier. 1792 1867
D'Wolfe, James. American senator 1763 1837
Dewsbury, Wm. Eng. preacher Soc. of Friends. . 1621? 1688
Dexter, Franklin. American lawyer 1793 1857
Dexter, Henry. American sculptor 1806 1876
Dexter, Henry M. Am. Cong. cl.. editor, author.. . 1821 1890
Dexter, Samuel. Am. Revolutionary patriot 1726 1810
Dexter, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman 1761 1816
Dexter, Simon N. Am. manufacturer, benefactor. 1785 1862
Dexter, Timothy. Xord Tf^no^/ii/. Eccentric Amer'n 1743 1806
De Zeng, Frederick A., Baron. Saxon sold, in Am 1756 1838
Deziel, Joseph D. Ciinadian R. C. clergyman. . . .1806 1882
Dhuleep Singh. The Maharajah. Indian Prince. 1838
Dias, .\utonio Gont^alves. Brazilian poet 1824 1864
Dias, Bartholomeu. Discoverer Cape Ciood Hope .... 1500
Dias, Henrique. Braziliau soldier in Portugal 1661
Dias, Vieiera J. P. Brazilian edu. and statesman. 1820 1870
Diaz, Alonso. Spanish soldier 1556
Diaz, de, Lugo J. B. Span. R. C. bishop, author 1556
Diaz de la Pena, Narcis.se Virgile. Fr. painter.. . 1809 1876
Diaz, de, Pineda Gonzalo. Spanish soldier 1545
Diaz, de. Soils Juan. Spanish navigator 1471 1516
Diaz, Malgarejo Ruy. Spanish soldier 1585
Diaz, Pedro. Spanish Jesuit missionary 1546 1618
Diaz, Porfirio. President of Mexico 1830 —
Diaz, Rut. Spanish soldier 1503 1638
Diaz, Sebastian. Chilian R. C. clergy, and author 1740 1812
Dibble, Sheldon. Am. missionary aiid author 1809 1845
Dibdin. Charles, English naval song writer 1745 1814
Dibdln, Thomas Frognall. Eng. bibliographer. . . 1776 1848
Dibrell, George Gibbs. Am. soldier and states'n. 1822 1888
Dick, James T. American artist 1834 1868
Dick, Robert. Scottish geologist and botanist 1811 1866
Dick, Robert. Scot, inventor and lecturer in Can. 1814
1718
DICK — DOD WORTH
BOKN DIED
Dick, Samuel. Am. phys. and statesman 1812
Dick, Thomas. Scottish author 1772 1S57
Dick, rrof. William. British surgeou and author 1793 1866
Dickens, Augustus. N. Eng. journulist in Am.. .. 1826 1866
Dickens, Charles. English novelist 1812 1870
Dickerson, James Stokes. Am. cl. and journ 1S25 1876
Dickerson, Mahlon. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1770 1853
Dickerson, Philemon. Am. jurist and statesman 1788 1862
Dickerson, William F. Am. A. M. E. bishop 1844 1884
Dickey, Ebenezer. Am. Pres. cl. and writer 1772 1831
Dickey, John McElroy. Am. Pres. clergyman. , .. 1789 1849
Dickey, John Miller. Am. Pres. cl. and educator 1806 1878
Dickey, Robert Barrv. N. S. jurist and statesman 1811
Dickey, Theophilus Lyle. Am. jurist and soldier 1812 1885
Dlckins, Asbury. Am. Sec. of U. S. Senate 1780 1861
Dickins, John. Eng. M. E. cl. and pub. in Am 1747 1798
Dickinson, Alfred Elijah. .\m. baptist cl., editor 1830
Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth, .\merican lecturer. . 1842 ....
Dickinson, Baxter. Am. Cong. cl„ educator 1795 1875
Dickinson, Daniel 8. Am. jurist and statesman. 1800 1866
Dickinson, Donald McDonald. Am. law., states. 1847
Dickinson, Edward. Am. lawyer and statesman 18a^ 1874
Dickinson, John. American political writer 1732 1808
Dickinson, John F. R. S. Inventor and scientist 1782 1869
Dickinson, Jonathan. Am. clergyman, physician 1688 1747
Dickinson, Mary C. Eng. Sup. of Carmelites in Am 1755 1830
Dickinson, Moss Kent. Am. statesman in Can .. 1822 ....
Dickinson, Richard W. Am. Presby. cl., author. 1804 1874
Dickinson, Rodolphus. Am. lawyer and P. E. cl. 17S7 1863
Dickson, Andrew r. Am. Presby. clergyman 1825 1879
Dickson, Cyrus. Am. Presbyterian clergyman 1816 1881
Dickson, James A. English actor im America 1774 1853
Dickson, James A. R. Scot. Presby. cl. in Can. . 18S9
Dickson, John. Am. lawyer and statesman 1783 1852
Dickson, John R. Irish phys., edu. in Canada. .. 1819 1882
Dickson, Samuel H. .\m. physician and author.. 1798 1872
Dickson, Thomas. Scot, philanthropist in Am. . . 1822 18S4
Dlcquemare, Jacques F. French naturalist 1733 1789
Diderot, Denis. French philosopher and writer.. 1713 1784
Didier, Eugeue Lemoine. American journalist... 1838
Dldier, Franklin J. Am phys. and author 1794 1840
Didot, Ambroise F. Fr. ^.rinter and publisher 1790 1876
Didot, Firmin. Fr. publisher and typographer. . . 1764 1836
Dldron, Adolph N. French archseo'logist 1806 1867
Diebitsch Sabalkanski, Hans K. F. A. Count 1785 1830
Diefenbach, Lorenz. German author 1806 1883
Diego y, Morenv F. G. Mexican R. C. bishop. ... 1800 1846
Dielman, Frederick. German artist in America, 1847 ....
Dlemen, van, Anthony. Dutch gov in East Indies 1595 1645
Diente, Juan. Spanish soldier 1497 1542
Diereville, Jean. Fr. traveler, botanist and auth 1670 . . . .
Dieskau, Jean Erdman. Baron. Germ. sold, in Can 1701 1767
Dlesterweg, Friedrich Adolf W. Germ, educator 1790 1866
Dieterici, Karl Friedrich W. Germ, statistican. . 1790 1869
Dietrich, Christian Wilhelm E. Germ, painter.. 1712 1774
Dletrlclison, Lorentz H.S. Norw. lit. and poet.. 1834
Dleudonne, Dr., of Brussels. Medical writer 1811? 1865
Diez, Friedrich Christian. German philologist. . . 1794 1876
Digby, Kenelm, Sir. English philosopher 1603 1665
Digges, Dudley, Sir. Eng. statesman and author. 1583 1639
Digges, Dudley. English author 1612 1643
Digges, Edward. English governor in -America, . 1620 1675
Digges, Thomas. English astronomer and math 1595
Dllke, Charles W., Sir. Jour, and art connoisseur 1810 1869
Dilke, Charles W., Bart. Eng. editor and author. 1843 ....
DiUenius, Johann Jakob. German botanist 1687 1747
Diller, Josejih Silas. Am. geologist and writer. .. 1850 ....
Dlllman, Christian Friedrich .iug.Ger. orientalist 1823
Dillon, -Arthur, Count. Ir. soId.and'Gov.in W.Ind. 1750 1794
Dillon, Charles. English actor in America 18S1
Dillon, John. Irish political leader 1851
Dillon, John Blake. Irish editor and law. in Am. 1814 186*
Dillon, John Forrest. American jurist and writer 1831
Dillwyn, George. Am. Quaker preach, and auth.. 1738 1821
Dlllwyn, Lewis W. Welsh naturalist 1778 1855
Dl liUca, Ferdinando. Geographer and mathem.. 1809? 1869
Diman, Byron. Am. statesman and antiquarian. 1795 1865
Diman, Jeremiah Lewis. Am. Cong. cl. and auth. 1831 1881
Dlmick, Justin. Brevet Brig.-General, U.S. A.... 1800 1871
Dlmlck, Justin E. American soldier 1863
Dlmitry, Alexander. Am. editor and diplomat. . 1805 1883
Dimltry, Charles Patton. American journalist... 18.37
Dimitry, John Bull Smith. Am. sold, and diplom. 1836
Dimmock, Charles. Am. engineer. educator 1800 1863
Dimmock, George. Am. naturalist and author . . 1852
Dimock, Susan. American physician 1847
Dindorf, Kiirl Wilhelm, German philologist 1802 1883
Dingelstedt, von, Franz. German author 1814 1881
Dingley, Nelson, Jr. .\m. jour, and statesman... 1832 ....
Dim, L'lisse. Italian mathematician 184S
Dlniz or Denis. King of Portugal 1261 1325
Diniz da Cruz, Antonio. Portugiiese poet 1731 1799?
Dinnies, Anna Peyre. American poetess 1816
Dinsmoor, Robert. American soldier and poet... 1757 1836
Dinsmoor, Samuel. Am. jurist and statesman.. .. 1766 18.35
Dinsmoor, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1799 1869
Dinsmore, Samuel P. Am. lawyer, journalist. . .. 1822 1882
Dinter, Christian Freidrieh. Ger. educationist.. . 1760 1R31
Dinwiddle, Rob't. Lieut. Governor of Virginia. . 1690 1770
BORN DIED
Diocletian. Roman emperor 245 313
Diodati, Gio\anni. Swiss theologian 1576 1649
Diodorus or Diodorus Slculus, Roman historian fl. 1st c B.C.
Diogenes. Greek Cynic philosopher B.C. 414? 324?
Dion, of Syracuse, statesman and patriot B.C. 408? 353
Dion Cassius Cocceianus, Bythin. hist, of Rome 155
Dion, CyriHe. Canadian billiard player 1843 1878
Dlonis du S6jour, Achille Pierre. Fr. astronomer 1734 1794
Dionysius, The Eldtr. Tyrant of Syracuse. . e. c. 431? 367
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Greek historian, ,b. c. 54 7?
Dionysius Exiguus. An abbot at Rome .545
Dlopnantus, ot -Alexandria. Greek algebraist 246? 330?
Dioscorldes Pedanius. Greek medical writer.. .. fl. 2d c7
Dippel, Johann Konrad. German rationalist 1673 1734
Dirck, Cornelius Lansing. Am. cl. and educator. 1786 1867
Dishrowe, Samuel. Eug. statesman and colonist. 1619 1690
Disney, Richard R. Am. A.M. E. Bp. in Canada.. . 1835
Disosway, Gabriel Poilon. Am. merchant, antiq 1799 1768
Disraeli, Benjamin. Prime minister of England.. l»o5 1881
Disraeli, Isaac, /'affter o/ i>f7i/(T»i(ji. Eng. writer. 1766 1848-
DlsturneU, John. Am. compiler and author 1801 1877
Ditson, George L. Am. diplomat and author 1812
Ditson, Oliver. American publisher 1811 1888-
Ditters von Dlttersdorf, Karl. Ger. mus. comp, 1739 1799
Dltton, Humphrey. English mathematician 1676 1715
Diven, Alexander S. Am. lawyer, statesman 1809
Dlvol, Ira. American educator 1820 1871
Dix, Dorothea Lynde. American philanthropist.. 1794 1887
Dix, Charles T. American soldier and artist 1838 1873.
Dix, John A. American general and statesman.. 1798 1879
Dix, John H. American physician and author 1810 1884
Dix, Morgan. Son it/ J. A. American clergyman.. 1827
Dixey, Henry E. American actor '. 1859
Dixon, Alexander. Irish cl. and editor in Can... 1820
Dixon, Archibald. American statesman 1802 1876
Dixon, George. English navigator and author 1800
Dixon, George W. Comic singer and editor 1808 1861
Dixon, James. American statesman and poet. ... 1814 1873
Dixon, Joseph. American inventor 1799 1869
Dixon, Nathan Fellows. American statesman 1812
Dixon, Nathan Fellows. American statesman 1774 1842
Dixon, William Hepworth. English author 1821 1879
Dixon, William W. .\m. lawyer and congressman. 1838 ....
Dixwell, John. English regecide in America 1607 1689
Djelal-eddyn Kovunl. Persian mvsticpoet 1195. 1262 or 71
Dmitrief, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian poet 1760 1837
Doak.i-amuel. Am. Presby. cl. and educator 1749 1830
Doane, Augustus S. Am. phys. and editor 1808 1862
Doane, George Hobart. Am. domestic prelate. ... 1830 ....
Doane, George Washington. Am. P. E. bishop . . 1799 1889
Doane, William C. Am. P. E. bishop and author. 1832
Doane, Wm. H. Am. mus. composer, benefactor. 1831 ....
Dobbin, James C. Am. states.. Secv. of the Navy. 1814 1857
Dobbins, Daniel. .\m. naval oflBcer 1776 185*
DObbs, Arthur. Irish Colonial governor in Am.. 1684 1765
DobeU, Sydney Thompson. English poet 1824 1874
Ddbereln'er, Johann Wolfgang. German cherdist 1780 1849
Doblado, Manuel. Mexican statesman, diplomat. 1818 1864
BSbrentei, Giibor. Hungarian author 1786 1851
Dobrlzboffer, Martin. Jesuit missionary in S..\m 1717 1791
Dobrowski "r Dobrovsky, Jozef. Slavic phllol'st 1753 1829
Dobson, Henrv Austin. English poet 1840
Docampo, Rodrigo. Spanish solclier 1548
Dockery, Oliver H. American statesman 1830
Doczy, Ludvik. Hungarian author 1846 ....
Dod, .\lbert B. .\m. Presbyterian cl. and author.. 1805 1845
Dod, Daniel. .\m. eng.-builder, mathematician.. . 1788 182S
Dod, Robert Phipps. Captain. Peerage compiler 1864
Dod, Thaddeus. Am. Presby. cl. and educator . . 1740 1793
Dodd, Edward Mills. Am. Presby. missionary 1824 1865
Dodd, James B. Am. mathematician and author. 1807 1872
Dodd, Mary .\nn Hanmer. American poetess 1813 ...
Dodd, Stephen. Am. Presby. cl. and benefactor. . 1777 1856
Doddridge, Joseph. Am. P. E. cl. and pioneer 1766 1826
Doddridge, Philip. English dissenting divine... 1702 1751
Doddridge, Philip. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1772 1832
Doderlein, Johann C. Ger. theologian and critic. - 1746 1792
Do Desterro, .\ntonlo R. Port. bp. in Brazil 1694 177S
Dodge, Augustus Cfesar. Am. stats, and diplomat 1812 1883
Dodge, David Low. Am. merchant and author.. . 1774 1862
Dodge, Charles Cleveland. American soldier. ., , 1841
Dodge, Ebenezer. American educator and author 1819 IJBO
Dodge, Grace Hoadly. Am. philanthropic worker
Dodge, Grenville Mellen. Am. sold, and states'n. 1831
Dodge, Henrv. American soldier and statesman. 1782 1867
Dodge, John Henry. Am. missionary in Africa... 1828 1S6S
Dodge, Mary Abigail. Gait Hamilton. Am. auth.. 1S30
Dodge, Marv Mapes. American author 1838
Dodge, Nathaniel Shatswell. Am. edu. and auth. 1810 1874
Dodge, Ossian Euclid. Am. vocalist and journ, .. 1820 1876
Dodge, Richard Irving. American soldier 1827 —
Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Am. soldier and auth. 1842 -..
Dodge, William Eafl. Am. merch. and statesman 1805 18S3
Dodge, William Earl. American merchant 1832 ....
Dodington, Geo. Bubb, Eng. politician 1691 1762
Dodo, John Bovee. Am. auth and psychologist... 1795 1872
DodonsBUS, Kerabertus. Dutch bot. and phys — 1517 1585
Dodsley. Robert. English poet and bookseller... 1703 1764
Dodworth, Thomas. Eng. raus. athlete in Am... 1790 IKa*
DOE— DRAPER
1719
BORN DIED
Doe, Charles H. Am. journalist and inventor 1»:S8 . .
DOggett, Daniel S. Am. M. E. bp. and aut"hor 1810 1«80
Doggett, Kate. Am. reformer and scientist 1835 ...
Doggett, Simeon. Am. Unitarian cl.. edncator. .. 1765 1*'52
Dolierty, Patrick. Can. Jesuit lee. and writer 18:j8 1S73
Dolini, von. Christian W. Ger. auth. and diplo. . 1751 1820
Dohrn, Anton. German naturalist 1840
Doissin, Louis. Am. Jesuit and Latin poet 1721 1753
Dolbear, Amos E. Am. phvsicist and inventor. .. 1837 ....
Dolci, Carlo tir Carlino. Tuscan painter 1616 1686
Dolet.Etienne. French scholar 1509 1546
Doles, George Pierce. American soldier 1830 1864
Dolgorouki, Catherine. Russian princess 1850
Dolgoruki, Vassili Vladimirovitch. Ru.fieldmar 1667 1746
Collier De, Casson F. Fr. K. C. miss, and author. 1630 . .
DoUinger. Johann J.I. Ger. Old Catholic theol. 1799 l,S90
Dollond, George. Eug. math, instrument maker. 1774 Ls.52
Dollond, John, Eng. optician. In. of achro. tel. . 1706 1761
Dolomieu, de, D. G. S.T. Gratet. Fr. geologist. . 1750 1802
Dolph, John Henry. American artist. 1835
Dolllll, Joseph N. Am. soldier and statesman 1835 ...
Domat, Jean. French jurist and writer 1625 16%
Dombey, Joseph. French botanist and author. . . 1742 1794
Dombrovski, Jan Henryk J. J. Pol, general 1755 1818
Domeneeh, Emmanuel Henry D. French author 1825 1886
Domeneeb, Miguel. Sp. R. C. bishop, edu, in Am 1816 1878
Domenichi, Luigi. It. writer and translator loou? 1564
Domenichino. Domfnico Zampieri. Bologueseptr loSl 1641
Domenlco, Alexis. II Greco. See Theotocopuli.
Domett, -Alfred. English author and politician. . 1811
Domeyko, Ignaz. Pol. scientist, edu. in Chili. ... 1802 ....
Dominic, Saint. Sp. fdr. of order of Dominicans 1170 1221
Domitian. Roman emperor 51? 96
Domvllle, James. Eng. capitalist, stats, in Can. . 1842
Donaldson, Edward. American naval ofBcer 1816
Donaldson, F'rauk. Am. physician and writer. .. 1823 .
Donaldson, James L. Am. soldier and author. .. . 1814 1885
Donaldson, John W. Eng. classical philologist.. 1811 1861
Donaldson, Washington H. Am. gymnast, reron. 1840 1875
Donatelloor Donate. Italian sculmor 1383 1466
Donatl, Giovanni Battista. Italian astronomer. . 1826 1873
Donatl, Vitaliano. Italian naturalist 1717 1763
Donatus, Bishop of Casse Nigra. Fdr. Donatists. fl. 305
Donde, Ibarra Joaquin. Mex. scientist and inv... 1827 1875
Donders, Frans Cornells. Dutch oculist 1818
Donelson, Andrew Jackson. Am. lawv. and dipl. 1800 1871
Dongan, Thomas. Colonial Gov. of New York. 1634 1715
Doni, Giovanni Battista. Italian antiquary. 1.592 1647
Doniol, Jean Heuri Antoine. French historian.. . 1818 ....
Doniphan, Alexander Wm. Am.sold. and states'n 1808 1887
Donizetti, Gaetano. Italian musical composer... 1798 1,S4^
Donkin, Robert. Eng. soldier and writer in Am.. 1727 1821
Donne, John. English divine and poet 1573 1631
Donnelly, Eleanor Cecilia. American poet 1838
Donnelly, Ignatius. American author 1831 ..
Donner, Johann Jacob Christian. Ger. translator 1799 1875
Donoso-Cort6s, Juan F. M. de laS. Sp. states'n. . 1809 1854
Donoughmore, John Helv H., Earl of. General . 1757 1*32
Donoughmore, Richard H. H.,E'l of. Sold.,states. 1750 1825
Donovan, Edward. Enelish naturalist. 1798 1837
Donovan, Michael. Irish chemist 1876
Doo, George Thomas. EnglL^ih engraver 180O 1880
Doolittle, -\mos. Americau engraver 1754 1832
Doolittle, Benjamin. Am. clergyman and phys. . 1695 1749
Doolittle, Charles Camp. Am. "soldier and bank'r 1832 ....
Doolittle, Edwin Stafford. Am. artist and poet. . 1843 1880
Doolittle, James Rood. Am. statesman and edu.. 1815 ....
Doolittle. Mary Antoiuette. Am. lee, authoress. 1810 1886
Doolittle, Theo. Sandford. Am. Ref. D. cl.. edu. . 1836
Dooly, John Mitchell. Am. jurist and statesman. 1752 1827
Dora d'Istria. Pseud. Pr. Helm Ghika. VVal. au... 1829 ...
Doran, John, Dr. British author and editor 1807 1878
Dorat, Claude Joseph. French poet 1734 1780
Dorcliain, Auguste. Fr. poet and dramatist 1857
Dor6 Paul Gustave. French artist 1832 1883
Doremus, Charles A. Am. chemist and lecturer. 1851
Doremus, Robert Ogden. Am. chem., inv., phys. 1824
Doremus, Sarah Piatt. American philanthropist 1802 1877
Dorgan, John Aylmer. American poet 1836 1867
Dorbman, Arnold H. Port, merchant and diplo. 1748 1813
Doria, .Andrea. Genoese adm. and statesman 1468 1560
Doria, Giacomo, Marquis. Italian naturalist 1840
Dorigny, Nicolas, Sir. French engraver 1658 1746
Dorlng, Theodor. German actor 1803 1878
Dorion, Antoine A., Sir. Canadian statesman 1818 1891
Dorion, Jacques E. Can. phys. and journ. in Am. 1827
Dorleans, Pierre Joseph. Fr. Jesuit and hist 1644 1698
Dorner, Isaak August. Ger. theologian 1809 1884
Dornin, Thomas A. American naval officer 1800 1874
Dorr, Benjamin. Am. P. E. clerg. and author 1796 1869
Dorr, Ebenezer P. Am. navig. and meteorologist 1817 1881
Dorr, Julia Caroline Ripley. American authoress 1825
Dorr, Thomas Wilson, .-in'ierican politician 1805 1854
Dorrance, Gordon. Am. Congreg. clergyman 1765 1846
Dorrego, Manuel. Argcn. lawyer and soldier 1787 1828
Dorset, Charles S., si.Nth earl of. Eng. wit, poet. . 1637 1706
Dorset, Thomas S., first earl of. Eng. states., auth 1.527 1608
Dorsey, Anna Hanson. American authoress 1815
Dorsey, Goodwin V. Am. phys. aud statesman. . 1812
BOBN
Dorsey, James Owen. American ethnologist 1848
Dorsey, John S. Am. surgeon and physician... . 1783
Dorsey, Sarah Anne. American authoress 1829
Dorsey, Stephen W. American statesman 1842
Dorsbeimer, William. Am. statesman and journ. 1832
Dosq^uet, Peter H. Flem. R. C. bishop in Canada 1691
Dostie, Anthony P. .\m. states, and abolitionist
Doten, Lizzii . American inspirational poetess... 1829
Doton.Hosea. Am. surveyor, meteorologist 1809
Doty, Elihu. Am. missionary in Java and China. 1809
Doty, James D. American explorer and jurist. . . 1799
Doty, Lockwood Lyon. Am. law., pension agent. 1827
Dou or Dow, Gerard. Dutch painter 1613
Douay, Felix Charles. French general 1816
Doubleday, Abner. Am. civil eng. and soldier. . . 1819
Doubleday, Charles Wm. Eng. soldier in Am 1829
Doubleday, Ulysses F. Am. journalist, congress. 1792
Douce, Francis. English antiquary 1757
Doucet, Henry Lucien. French painter 1856
Dougherty, Daniel. Am. lawyer, political speak. 1826
DOUgbty, John. American soldier 1746
Doughty, Thomas. American artist 1793
Doughty, William Henry. Am. surgeon, writer. . 1836
Douglas, Amanda M. Am. inventor, authoress. . 1838
Douglas, Archibald. Great earl Angus. Scot, nob 1449?
Douglas, Benjamin. Am. inventor, statesman. . . 1816
Douglas, Charles, Sir. Scot, naval officer in Can
Douglas, David. Scottish botanist in America.. . 1798
Douglas. Gawin or Gavin. Scottish poet 1474?
Douglas, George. Scottish M. E.cl. in Canada 1808
Douglas, Howard, Sir. Eng. statesman, scientist 1776
Douglas, Jas., Sir. Col. gov. of British Colombia 1803
Douglas, John Hancock. Am. physician, editor.. 1824
Douglas, Silas Hamilton. Am. chemist and phvs 1816
Douglas, Stephen Arnold, American politician. . 1815
Douglas, William. American soldier. 1742
Douglass, David. American actor and printer. . . 1720
Douglass, David Bates. Am. civil engineer, edu. . 1790
Douglass, Frederick. Am. orator, formerlvaslave. 1817
Douglass, William. Scottish phys. writerin Am.. 1691
Dousa, or Vander Does. Jan. Dutch statesm 1545
Doutreleau, M. Fr. R. C. missionary in America.. 170O
Douville, Jean Baptiste. Fr. naturalist, explorer. 1794
Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm. German physicist 1803
Dow, Daniel, Am. Cong, clergyman and writer,. 1772
Dow, Lorenzo. American preacher 1777
Dow, Moses. American publisher 1810
Dow, Neal. American temperance reformer 1804
Dowd, Charles Ferdinand. Americau educator. . 1825
Dowd, Patrick. Irish R. C. clergyman in Canada 1813
Dowden, Edward. Irish writer 1843
Dowell, Greensville. Am. physician and writer. . 1822
Dowler, Bennet. Am. phys. and physologist 1797
Dowling, John. Eng. Bapt. cl. and edu'r in Am. . 1807
Downer, Samuel. American manufacturer 1807
Downes, John. American naval officer 1780
Downes, John. Am. astron. and mathematician. 17^9
Downes, John A. American naval officer 1822
Downey, John. American statesman aud author 1770
Downie, George. Irish naval officer in .\merica. ...
Downing, Andrew J. Am. landscape gardener... 1815
Downing, Fanny M. .-im. authoress and poetess. 1835
Downing, George, Sir. Irish stats, aud diplomat 1624
Downing, Samuel. American soldier 1766
Dowse, Thomas. American book collector 1772
Doyen, Gabriel Franfois. Fr. historical painter.. 1726
Doyle, Charles Hastings, Sir. English soldier 1804
Doyle, Francis Hastiugs Charles. Eng. writer. . . 1810
Doyle, John. Irish caricaturist 1789
Doyle, John, Sir. Irish soldier in America 1756
Doyle, Richard. English artist 1.826
Dox, Peter Myudert. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1813
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anna. Dutch orientalist. . 1820
Drake, Andrew Jackson. Am. naval commander. 1818?
Drake, Benjamin M. Am. BI. E. clei'gy. and edu.. 1800
Drake, Benjamin. Am. journ. and biographer. . .. 1794
Drake, Charles Daniel. Am. lawyer and states'n. 1811
Drake, Daniel, .\merican physician aud writer. . 1785
Drake, Frances Ann. Am. actress aud manager.. 1797
Drake, Francis, Sir. English navigator 1540?
Drake, Francis Marion. American soldier 1830
Drake, Francis Samuel. American compiler. ..» . 1828
Drake, Friedrich. German sculptor 1805
Drake, Joseph Rodman. American poet 1795
Drake, Samuel, English actor in ,\merica 1768
Drake, Samuel Adams. ,\m. journalist and auth. 1834
Drake, Samuel Gardner. Am. antiq. and hist. . . . 1798
Draper, Andrew Sloan. Am. lawyer and edu 1848
Draper, Alonzo Granville. Am. soldier, editor.. 1835
Draper, Daniel. American meteorologist 1841
Draper, Henry. American physiologist, chemist. 1837
Draper, John'C. Am. physiologist and chemist.. 1835
Draper, John W. Am. chemist and physiologist. 1811
Draper, Lyman C. Am. antiquarian and author. 1815
Draper, Margaret. Am, journ'st. Wife of Richard. . ..
Draper, Richard. American journalist 1727
Draper, Simeon. American statesman 1804
Draper, William Henry. Eng. jurist in Canada.. 1801
Draper, William Henry. Am. phys. and writer.. 1830
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BORN DIED
Drapeyron, LudoviL-. Fr. hist, and geographer.. . 1839 —
Drayton, Heuri. Opera siuger, actor and author. 1822 1872
Drayton, Johu. Am. jurist, governor and writer. 1766 1822
Drayton, Michael. English poet 1563 1631
Drayton, Percival. American naval officer 1812 1865
Drayton, Thomas F. Am. soldier and Senator — 1807 —
Drayton, William. American jurist 1733 1790
Drayton, William Henry. American statesman, 1742 1779
Drelincourt, Charles. Fr. Protestant minister.. . 1595 1669
Dresser, Horace. Am. lawyer, political writer 1877
Dreuillettes, Gabriel. Fr. Jesuit, writer in Am. 1593 1681
Drevet, Pierre. French engraver 1663 1738
Drew, Daniel. Am. capitalist and philanthropist 1788 1879
Drew, George Alexander. Canadian jurist 1827 ....
Drew, John. Irish actor in America 1825 1862
Drew, Louisa. Wife oj John. Eng. actress in Am 1820
Drexel, Francis M. Tyrolese artist and hanker. 1792 1803
Drexel, Anthony Joseph. Am. banker, philan — 1820
Drexel, Joseph Wilhelm. Am. banker, philan — 1833 1888
Dreyschock, Alexander. Bohemiam composer.. 1818 1869
Dreyse, von, Johanu N. Ger. inv. of needle gun 1787 1867
Drinker, Anna. Edith Mai/. American poetess. . . 1827 ....
Driscol, Michael. Irish Jesuit in America 1805 1880
Drlsius, Samuel. German clergyman in Am 1602 1673
Drisler, Henry. American educator and author. 1818 ....
Driver, Samuel Rolles. Eng. cl., Biblical scholar 1846 ...
Driz, Franvois X. J. Fr. author and moralist 1773 1850
Drohisch, Gustav Theodor. German poet 1811 ....
Drolet, Gustave Adolphe. Can. lawy'r, trav., w'r 1844
Drone, Eaton Sylvester. Am. lawyer and journ. . 1842 —
Drouais, Jean Germain. French painter 176" 1788
Drouot, Antoine, Count. Fr. gen. of artillery. . . 1774 1847
Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard. French diplomatist 1805 1881
Drown, Thomas M. Am. chemist and writer 1842 ....
Drowne, Solomon. Am. phys., lecturer, author. . 1753 1834
Droysen, Johann Gustav. German historian 1808 1884
Droz, Gustave. French author 1832 —
Drozdof, Philarete, Rev. Archbishop of Moscow. 1782 1867
Drum, Richard Coulter. American soldier 1825 ....
Drum, Simon Henry. American soldier 1807 1847
Drumgoole, John C. Irish R. C. cl. and miss 1828 1888
Drummond, Gordon, Sir. British general in Am. 1772 18.i4
Drummond, James. British painter 1816 1877
Drummond, Thomas. Scottish eng. admr. In Ire 1797 1840
Drummond, Thomas. Am. jurist and statesman. 1809 1890
Drummond, Henry. Scotch professor and writer 1845? ...
Drummond, William. Scottish Col. gov. in Am 1677
Drummond, William. Scottish soldier in Am 1814
Drummond, William, of Hawtbornden. Scot, poet 1585 1649
Drumont, Edouard Adolphe. French author 1844 .. .
Drury, Dru. English naturalist 1725 1803
Drusus, Claudius Nero. Roman general B.C. 38 9
Dryander, Jonas. Swedish naturalist 1748 1810
Dryden, John. English poet 1631 1701
Dryadale, Alexander Irvin. Am. P. E. clerg7man 1841 1.S66
Drysdale, Thomas M. Am. phys. and lecturer. . . 1831 ...
Duane, James. Am. jurist and statesman 1733 1797
Duane, James Chatham. Am. military engineer. 1824
Duane, William. American author 1807 1882
Duane, William. American editor and politician 1760 18:i5
Duane, William J. Secretary of U. S. treasury. . . 1780 1865
Duarte, Juan P. Founder of Dominican Republic . . 1876
Dubarry, -\rmand. French journalist 183t) ....
Dubbs, Joseph Henry. Am. clergyman and auth. 1838 ....
DUbellay du Resnel, John Francis. Fr. writer.. 1692 1761
Diibner, Johaun Friedrich. German philologist. 1802 1867
Dubois, Augustus Jay. Am. civ. eng. and author 1&49 . .
Dubois, Charles E. American artist 1847 1885
Dubois nr de la Boe, Franz. Dutch phys., writer. 1624 1672
Du Bois, ^iualterus. Dutch cl. in America 1666 1751
Dubois, Guillaume. Cardinal. French statesman 16.56 1723
Dubois, Henry A. Am. physician and writer .... 1808 1884
Dubois, John. French R. C. bishop in America. . 1764 1842
Du Bois, William Ewing. Am. numismatist 1810 1881
Dn Eois-Reymond, Emil. German physiologist.. 1818 —
Du Boisgobey, Fortune H. A. French writer 1824 . ..
Dubos, Jean Baptiste. Fr.historian. writeronart 1670 1742
Dubose, Catherine Anne. Eng. poetess in Am. . .. 1826
Du Bose, Dudley Mclver. Am. lawyer, soldier . . 1834 ....
Dubost, Marie L. Fr. Mother Superio. in Brazil.. 1793 ....
Dubourg, Louis G.V. West Indian R. C. bishop. . 1766 1833
Dubreul, Joseph Paul. Fr. R. C. cl. in America. . 1814 1878
Dubs, Jakob. Swiss statesman 1822 ....
Dubuc, Joseph. Canadian jurist and statesman. . 1840 ....
Dubufe, Claude Marie French painter 1786 1864
Dubufe, Edouard. Son n/ Claude Marie. Fr. paint 1820 1883
Dubufe, Guillaume. French painter 1853 —
Dubuis. Claude Marie. French R. C.bishop 1817
Dubuisson, t'ram^ois Rene AndrC'. Fr. naturalist 1763 1836
Ducachet, Henry Wm. Am. P. E. cl. and phys. . . 1796 1865
Ducalvet, Pierre. Canadian statesman 1715 1786
Du Camp, Maxime. French antlior 1822 ...
Du Cange, Charles du F. Fr. historian, philolo. . 1610 1688
Ducarel, Andre Colt(?e. Fr. anticjuary iuEn.gland 1714 17.H5
Ducatel, Julius T. American chemist and writer 1796 1849
Ducasse, John B. Fr. Gov. of Santo Domingo. . . 1650 1715
Duccio di Buoninsegna. Italian painter 1260? 1339?
Ducey, Thomas J. Irish R.C. cl., philan. in Am. 1843
Du Cnaillu, Paul B. Fr.-.\m. traveler, author 1836 —
BORN DIED
Dn Chastelet or Cbatelet, Gabrielle. Fr. auth'ess 1706 1749
Ducb^, Jacob. Chaplain of 1st Continental Cong. 1737 1798
Duchesne, Andr*.^, Fr. geog., historiographer. . . . 1.584 1640
Duels, Jean Francois. French dramatic poet. . 1733 1816
Duckinfield, Nathaniel, Bart. Am. loyal't in Eng . 1824
Duckworth, John T., Baronet. British admiral. . 1748 1817
Duclos, Charles Pineau. French biographer 1704 1772
Ducornet, Louis Cesar Joseph. French painter. . 1806 1856
Duces, Roger. French politician and lawyer. ... 1754 1816
Ducrot, Auguste Alexandre. French general 1817 1882
Ducrne, Bennon Francis. Bavarian cl., author. .. 1721 1779
Dudevant, A. L. Aurore. Mad. (V. Sand. Fr. novelist 1804 1876
Duditch or Dudith, Ondrej. Hung, divine, writer 1.533 1689
Dudley, Benjamin Winslow. American surgeon. 1785 1870
Dudley, Blaudina. American philanthropist 1783 186S
Dudley, Charles Benjamin. .\m. chemist, writer 1842 ...
Dudley, Charles Edward. American senator 1780 1S41
Dudley, Dean. Am. lawyer, antiquarian, compiler 1823
Dudley, Edward Bishop. American statesman. . 1787 1855
Dudley, Joseph. Governor of Massachusetts 1647 1720
Dudley, Paul. Am. jurist, statesman, writer. . . . 1675 1751
Dudley, Kobt., E'l of Leicester. Fav.of Qu.Elizab. 1531? 1588
Dudley, Thomas. Eng. Colonial goveruor in Am.. 1576 1622
Dudley, Thomas L'nderwood. Am. P. E.bp. and au. 1837 ...
Dudley, William Henry. Ir. physician in Am 1811 1886
Dudley, William Loffland. Am.'chem. and writer 1859 —
Dudley, William Russell. Am. botan. and writer 1849
Duell, Robert Holland. Am. jurist and states'n. . 1824
Duemichen, Johaun. German orientalist. 1833
Duenas, Francisco. President of Salvador...;... 1830 ...
Duer, Edward Louis. Am. physician and lecturer 1836
Duer, John. American jurist and writer 1782
Duer, William. Eng. soldier and states'n in Am. . 1717
Duer, William. American lawyer and statesman 1805
Duer, Wm. Alex. Bro. oJ John. Am. jurist and wr 1780
Duerink, John Baptist. Belg. Jesuit miss. in Am. 1809
Duez, Ernest Ange. French painter 1843
Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislas. Fr. statesman 1798
Du Fay, Charles Fraugois de Cisternay. Fr. elec. 1698
Duff, Alexander. Scottish missionary in India. . . 1806
Duff, John. Irish actor in America 1787
Duff, Mary Ann. English actress in America 1795
Duff, Peter. Canadian educator and ship owner.. 1802
Duffee, Mary Gordon. American authoress 1840
Dufferin, F.'T. H. Blackwood. Earl. Eng. statesm 1826
Duff-Gordon, Lucy. Lady. English Authoress 1820
Duffle, Alfred Nattie. Fr. soldier and diplomat.. 1835
Duffleld, Divie Bethune. Am. lawyer and writer. 1821
Duffield, George. Am. Pres. cl. and missionary. . 1732
Duffleld, George. Am. merchant and pub. ofKc'r. 1767
Duffleld, George. Am. Pres. cl. and author 1794
Duffield, George. Am. el. and hymn writer 1816
Duffleld, Johu T. Am. Pres. cl. and author 1823
Duffield, Samuel Pearce. Am. phys. and chemist. 1833
Duffield, S. Willoughbv. Am. Pres. cl. and author 1843
Duffleld, William Warh. American soldier 1823
Dufour, Guillaume Henri. Swiss general 1787
Dufour, Henrv. Swiss general 1789
Dufour, Valeiitin Charles. French archieologist. 1826
Dufr^noy, Adelaide. French poetess 1765
Dufresny, Charles Riviere. French dramatist... 1648
Duganne, A. J.Hickey. Am. soldier and author 1823
Dugas, Louis .\lexander. Am. Physic, aud writer 1806
Dugdale, Richard L. Fr. pol. econ., auth. in Am. 1841
Dugdale, William, Sir. English antiquarian 1605
Duggan, James. Irish R. C. Bishop in America.. . 1825
Duggan, Peter Paul. Irish artist in America 1810
Dughet, Gaspard. Fr. landsc. painter at Rome. . 1614
Dugommier, Jean Francois C. West Ind. soldier 1736
Duguay-Trouin, Reni5. French admiral 1673
Dugue, Charles O. American journalist, poet — 1821
Du Guesclin, Bertrand. Constable of France 1320?
Duhamel, Jean B. French natural philosopher. . 1624
Duhamel, Jean M. C. French mathematician — 1797
Duhamel, Joseph. Canadian lawyer 1836
Duhamel, Joseph T. Canadian R. C. archbishop. 1841
Duhamel, William. Am. physician and writer... 1827
DUhring, Eugen Karl. German philosopher 1833
Duhring, Julia. American authoress 1836
Duhring, L. Adolphus. Am. physician, author. . . 1845
Dujardln, F(;-lix. French naturalist 1801
Du Jardin, Karel. Dutch painter 1625?
Duke, William. Am. clergyman and author 1757
Dukes, Joseph. Choctaw Indian missionary 1811
Dulany, Daniel. Am. Lawyer and statesman 1721
Dulany, Llovd. American loyalist
Dulany, William. American officer of marines
Dulaure, Jacques, Antoine. French historian... . 1755
Dulcey, Garav Domingo. Sp. Gov.-Genl. of Cuba 1808
Du Lhut, Daniel Greysolon. French explorer
DuUaert, Heinman. Dutch painter 1636
Duller, Eduard. German historian and poet 1809
Dulles, John Welsh. Am. missionary and editor 1823
Dulon Rudolph. Prussian Educ. and Journalist. 1807
Dumanoir, Philippe Franfois P. Fr. dramatist.. 1806
Dumaresque, Philip. Am. merch. aud loyalist
Dumarsais, COsar Chesneau. Fr. grammarian... 1676
Dumas, Alexandre. Fr. novelist and dramatist. . 1802
Dumas, Alexandre. Fr. novelist aud dramatist.. 1824
185S
1799
i858
1857
1881
1739
1878
1831
1857
1869
1869
1880
1790
1868
1887
1875
1875
1825
1724
1884
1883
1686
isei
1675
1794
1736
i380
1706
1872
1861
1678
1840
1797
1782
1868
1835
1869
1709
1684
1853
1887
1869
1865
1756
1870
D U xM A S — D W I G H T
1721
BOBN DIED
Dumas, Alexandre Uavy. Haytian soldier 1762 1806
Dumas, Mathien, Count. Fr. Genl. in America- . 1753 1837
Du Maurler, Geo. L. P. B. Fr. artist in England . 1834
Dumerll, Andre Marie Constant. Fr. naturalist. 1774 1860
Dnmesnll, Marie Franvoise. French actress 1711 1803?
Dlimichen, Johannes. German egyptologist 1833
Dummer, Jeremiah. Am. diplomat, benefactor.. 1680 1739
Dummer, William. Am. Lieut. -Gov. of Mass 1677 1761
Duemmler, Ernst Ludwig. German historian. .. . 18;50 ....
Dumont, Augustin Alexandre. French sculptor. 1801 1884
Dumont, Ebenezer. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1814 1871
Dumont, Julia Louisa. American authoress 1794 18.57
Dumont, Lt'-on. French scholar 18:58 1877
Dumont, Pierre ^tienne Louis. Swiss scholar. . .. 17.59 1829
Dumont d'Urville, Jules Sebastien Cesar. Fr. nav. 1790 1M2?
Du Motay, Cyprien T. Fr. chem. and poet in Am. 1819 1880
Dumoulln, Charles French jurist 1500 1566
Dumouriez, Charles Francois. French general.. 1739 1823
Dunbar, Duncan. Scot. Bapt. clergyman in Am. . 1791 1864
Dunbar, Moses. American soldier 1777
Dunbar, Thomas. Eng. Lieut. -Gov. of Gibraltar 1767
Dunbar, William, Sir. Scot.pion'rand w'rinAm. 1740 18J0
Dunbar, William. Scottish poet 1465? 1530?
Duncan I. King of Scot. Murdered bj; Macbeth 1040
Duncan, Adam, Vise. Duncan nf c. Brit, adm 1731 1804
Duncan, James. American soldier 1810 1849
Duncan, James A. Am. M. E. clergy, and journ. . 18.39 ....
Duncan, James Henry. Am. lawyer and states'n. 1793 1869
Duncan, John M. Eng. clergy, and author in Am. 1796 1825
Duncan, Johnson Kelly. Am', civil engineer 1827 1862
Duncan, Joseph. Am. lawyer and statesman — 1789 1844
Duncan, Thomas. American soldier 1819 1887
Duncan, Samuel. Am. Baptist clergyman, soldier 1838 ....
Duncan, William C. Am. Bap. clergyman, journ. 1824 1864
Duncan, William Wallace. Am. M. E. bishop, edu 1839 ....
Duncan, William S. Am. physician and writer. . 1834 ....
Duncker, Maximillian Wolfgang. Ger. historian 1811 1886
Dundas, Francis. English soldier in America ... 17.50 1824
Dundas, Henry, Viscount Melville. Brit, states. 1742 1811
Dundas, James. American banker ^... 1788 1865
Dundee, Viscount. See Gr.\ham. John.
Dundonald, Thomas C, tenth earl of. Eng. adm'r 1775 1860
Dunglison, Richard J. Am. physician, writer. .. . 1834
Dunglison, Robley. Am. phys.,' medical writer.. 1798 1869
Dunham, Carroll." Am. physician and writer 1828 1877
Dunham, William R. Am. physician, inventor... 1833 ....
Dunkin, Christopher. Can. jurist, statesman 1811 1880
Dunkin, Edward. English astronomer 1821 ....
Dunlap, Alexander. Am. physician and writer. . 1815 ....
Dunlap, -Andrew. Americau'lawyer and writer. . 1794 18.35
Dunlap, Geo. Washington. Am. lawyer and stats 1815 1880
Dunlap, James. Am. Presby. cl. and educator . . 1744 3818
Dunlap, John. Irish jour, and benefactor in Am 1747 1812
Dunlap, John A. American legal author 1793 1858
Dunlap, Robert Pinckney. Am. lawyer and stats 1796 1859
Dunlap, Samuel Fales. Am. lawyer and author. . 1825
Dunlap, William. American artist and author. . . 1766 1839
Dunlavy, James. Am. soldier and physician. .. . 1844 ....
Dunlop, Alexander. Am. edu. and auth'r in Scot 1684 1742
Dunlop, George Kelly. Irish P. E. bishop in Am. 1830 1888
Dunlop, James. American jurist 1793 1872
Dunlop, James. American statesman and writer 1795 1856
Dunlop, William. Scot. cl. and educator in Am. . 16.50 1700
Dunlop, William. Scot, phys., author in Canada. 1795 1848
Dunmore, John M., fourth earl. Gov. of Virginia 1732 1809
Dunn, Alexander Roberts. Canadian soldier. . 1867
Dunn, John Henry. Statesman in Canada 1857
Dunn, Oscar. Canadian journalist and author . 1844 1885
Dunn, Oscar James. Am. soldier and Lieut-Gov. 1820 1871
Dunn, Thomas. Canadian statesman 1730 1818
Dunn, William. English soldier in Canada 1787 1863
Dunn, Williamson. Am. pioneer and statesman. 1781 18.54
Dunn, William McKee. Am. statesman, soldier. . 1814 1887
Dunnell, Mark Hill. Am statesman, diplomat... 1823
Dunning, Annie Ketchum. American authoress. 1831
Dunning, Edward O. Am. Congreg. cl., explorer. 1810 1874
Dunning, John, first Baron Ashburton. Eng. law'r 1731 1783
Dunnington, Francis P. Am. chemist, writer 18.51
Dunois, de, Jean, Count. French commander... 1402 1468
Duns ScotuSjJoanues. Scot, scholastic theologian 1265? 1308
Dunstan, Saint. Archbishop of Canterbury 924 988
Dunster, Edward S. Am. physician and writer.. 18.34 1888
Dunster, Henry. Eng. cl. and educator in Am... 1612 1659
Dunton, John. English author in America 16.59 1733
Diintzer, JohannHeinrich Josef. Ger. philologist 1813
Dupanloup, Fi-lix Antoine Philibert. Fr. prelate 1802 1878
Duparqiiet, Jacques Diel. French colonist 1600 16.58
Duperre, Victor Guv, Baron. French admiral... 1775 1846
Duporrey, Louis Isidore. French hydrographer. 1786 1865
Duperron, Jacques Daw. French cardinal 1556 1618
Dupetit-Thouars, Louis Marie A. Fr. botanist. . 1758 1831
Dupin, Andrew M. T.James. Fr. jurist and states 17.S3 1865
Dupln, Jean Henri. Fr. dramatic author 1787 1887
Dupleix, Jc^eph F., Marquis. Fr. gov. in India. . . 1697 1764
Duplessis. Georges Gratet. Fr. art historian 1834
Duplessis, Joseph SitTrein. French painter 1725 1802
Du Plessis. Mornay. See Mornat.
Duploye, Emlle. Fr. stenog. {Dnployi Method).- . ISSS
Du Foisson. French missionary in America 16'J5 1729
Duponceau, Peter Stephen. Am. lawyer, scholar
Dupont, Samuel Francis. American rear admirals
Du Pont de Nemours, Eleuthere I. Fr. pub.. Am
Du Pont de Nemours, Henry A. Am. soldier
Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre S. Fr. polit. econ. .
DuportaU, Louis L. C. French soldier in Am
Dupratz, Amoine S. Le Page. Fr. author in Am..
Duprez, Gilbert Louis. French vocalist
Dupuls, Charles Francois. French philosopher..
Dupuis, Nathan Fellowes. Canadian educator...
Dupuis, Thomas R. Can. phys., lee. and writer. .
Dupuy, Eliza Ann. American authoress
Dupuytren, Ciuillaume. Baron. Fr. anatomist. . .
DuQuesne. .^Viraham. Fr. naval commander
Duquesne de Menneville, Marq. Gov. of X. Fr. .
Duquesnoy, Franvois. Flemish sculptor
Duran, Don .\ugustin. Spanish author
Durand, Alice M. C. French authoress
Durand, Asher B. Am. painter and engraver
Durand, Cyrus. American engraver
Durand, Jean Nicolas Louis. French architect.. .
Durand, John. American art critic
Durand, Ellas. Fr. phys. and botanist in Am
Durand, Marie. American opera singer
Durang, Charles. American actor and author...
Duranquet, Hyacinthe. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Am. .
Durant, Charles S. Am. aeronaut and author....
Durant, Henry T. Founder of Wellesley College.
Durant, Thomas J. Am. lawyer and statesman. .
Durante, Francesco. It. conip. of sacred music. .
Durao, Jose da Santa-Rita. Braz. Jesuit, poet
Durbin, Elisha J. Am. R. C. miss., educator
Durbin, John P. Am. M. E. clerg. and author
Dureau de la, Malle Jean B. J. R. W. Ind. sch'lr.
Durell, Edward H. Am. jurist and statesman. . . .
Diirer, .\lbrecht or Albert. Ger. ptr. , engraver. . .
Duret, Francisque. French sculptor
Durfee, Bradford M. C. Am. yachtsman, benefac
Durfee, Job. American jurist and statesman
Durfee, William F. Am. eng., statesman, inven. .
Durfee, Zohetb Shearman. Am. manu., inventor.
D'Urfey. Thomas. English poet and dramatist. . .
Durham, John Geo. L. Earl of. Eng. statesman.
Durham, Joseph. British sculptor
Durham, Milton Jamison. American jurist
Durier, Antoine. Fr. R. C. bishop in America
Diirlngsfeld, von, Ida. German authoress
Durivage, Francis Alexander. American author
Durkee, Charles. American author
Durkee, John. American soldier
Duroc, Gerard C. M., Duke of Friuli. Fr. general
Durocner, Laurent. Am. jurist and statesman. . .
Durrett, Reuben Thomas. Am lawyer, journalist
Durrie, Daniel Steele. American antiquarian. . . .
Durthaler, Joseph. Ger. Jesuit educator in Am.
Duruy, Jean Victor. Fr. hist, and minis, of edu..
Duryee, Abram. American soldier
Duryee, William R. Am. clergyman and writer. .
Dusninski, Henry Franvois. Polish historian....
Du Sommerard, Alexandre. Fr. archseologist. ..
Dussauce, Hii'polyte. Fr. chem. and editor in Am.
Dussard, Hiyipolyte. Writer on polit. economy. .
Dussek, Jan Ladislav. Bohem. musical composer
Dustln, Hannah. American heroine.
Dusuau, Francis E. F., Count de L. .\m. states'n.
Dutcher, Addison Porter. Am. phys. and writer.
Butcher, Jacob C. Am. clergyman and diplomat.
Dutertre, John Baptist. Fr. R. C. cl. and auth.. .
Dutra, E. Mello Antonio Francisco Braz. poet.. .
Dutrochet, Rem? Joachim Henri. Fr. physiologist
Button, Aaron. Am. Congregational clergyman..
Button, Arthur Henry. American soldier
Button, Clarence Edward. Am. sold, and writer.
Button, Geo. Washington. Am. phys. and writer
Button, Henrv. American jurist and statesman.
Button, Henrv Worthlngton. Am. journalist —
Button, Samuel Wm. S. Am. cl. and educator . .
Buvair, Guillaume. French moralist and writer
Buval, .\lexandre Vincent Pineu. Fr. dramatist
Buval, Gabriel. Am. jurist and Congressman —
Buval, Isaac Hardin. American soldier
Duval, John Pope. Am. lawyer and statesman. . .
Duval, William P. Am. lawyer and statesman...
Duvaucel, Alfred. French naturalist
Duveneck, Frank. -American artist and educator
Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean. Fr. Jansenist theo
Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper. Fr. stats., w'r
Duvernay, I.ndeer. Canadian journalist
Duveyrier, Houore Nicolas Marie. Baron. Fr. auth
Duvoisln, Jean Baptiste. French theologian
Duyckinck, Evert .\ugustus. American author.
Duycklnck, Geo. Long. Brn. of Erert. Am. author
Duyse, van. Prudens. Flemish poet
Dvorak, Pan .\ntonin. Bohemian musician
Dvorsky, Frans. Bohemian historian
Dwenger, Joseph. Am. R. C. bp. and educator.
Dwight, Benjamin Woolsey. Am. phys. and auth
Dwight, Benjamin W. Am. educator and author.
Dwiglit, Charles. American soldier
60
803
771
838
739
7:56
.689
806
742
.836
833
814
77
.610
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594
793?
,842
.796
'87
.760
.822
794
850
796
.809
805
822
.817
693
.737
.800
.800
742
810
.471
804
843
790
833
,831
,653
■92
821
824
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815
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807
28
772
786
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816
DIED
1844
1865
1834
1817
1802
1775
1881
1835
1688
c.
ir.76
1862
1886
1868
1834
1870
i873
1881
1882
1755
1783
i876
1807
1887
1528
1865
1872
1847
i.NMl
1723
1810
1877
1876
1881
1870
1782
1813
1861
1885
1877
1890
1842
1869
1876
1812
1836
1884
1687
1843
1847
1849
1864
1869
1875
1866
1621
1842
1844
1855
1.S54
1824
i643
1.^1
1S.52
1>39
1SI3
1.S78
1863
1859
1860
1722
DWIGHT — EDWARDS
Dwlallt Edmund. Am. merchaut, statesman. . .
Dwllht Edmund. Am. merchant and writer. . .
Dwight Edwin Wells. Am. couRreg. clergyman.
Bwight, Francis. Am. lawyer and joui-nalist.. . .
Dwlght Henry Edwin. Am. edn. and journalist.
Dwight, Henry Williams. Am. lawyer, statesman
Dwight, James. American merchant. .......... ...
Dwight John Sullivan. American musical critic
Dwight, Joseph. American soldier and jurist. . . .
Dwight, Louis. Am. phil. and prison reformer. . .
Dwight Mary .\nn. Am. edu and authoress
Dwight, Nathaniel. Am. physician and author. . .
Dwight Serene Edwards. Am. cl. and author., ..
Dwight, Theodore. Am. statesman and journ
Dwight, Theodore. Am. linguist and journalist..
Dwight, Theodore W. Am. lawyer and author. . .
Dwight, Thomas. Am. physician and journalist
Dwight, Timothy. Am. divine. Pres.of ^ale Col
Dwight Timoihv. Am. merchant and benefact r
Dwight, TimothV. Pres. of Yale University
Dwight, Wilder. American soldier ^■■■■
Dwight, William. .\m. manufacturer and sold r.
Dwight, William Buck. Turkish scientist in Am.
Dwight, William Theo. Am. Cong. cl. and lawyer
Dwyer, John H. Irish actor in America
Dvar or Dyer, Marv A. Am. Quaker and martyr.
Dyce Alexander. Scottish editor and scholar. . .
Dyce William. Scotch historical painter
Dyck or Dijk, van, Philip. Dutch painter
Dyekman, Garrett W. American soldier
Dye, William McEntyre. Am. soldier, author. .. .
Dyer, Alexander Brydie. .American soldier
Dyer Catherine C. Am. phi. and authoress
Dyer, Charles Gifford. .American artist. ........
Dyer Charles V. Am. physician and abolitionist
Dyer' David P. Am. lawver and statesman
Dver', Eliphalet. Am. jurist and statesman. .....
Dyer Heman. Am. P. E. clergyman and author..
Dyer George. English scholar and author. ......
Dyer! Mary. Quak. martyr hanged on Boston C'm'n
Dyer Mattie. Am. educator and authoress
Dver. Sidney. Am. Bajitist cl. and author ..... ..
Dyer William Turner Thistleton. Eng. botanist.
Dymond, Alfred H. Eng. jour., edn. in Can. . . .
Dymond, Jonathan. Eng. Quaker, writer, moral t
Dvott, John. English actor in America.
Dzierozynskin, Francis. Polish Jesuit educator.
BORN
17S0
1824
. 1789
1SU8
1797
17S8
17t4
1813
1703
1793
1806
1770
1786
1764
1796
182-2
1843
1752
1778
1828
1833
1831
1833
1795
1660
1798
1806
1680
1831
1815
1846
1808
1838
1721
1810
1755
i842
1814
1843
1827
1796
1812
1779
DIED
1849
1841
1845
1832
1846
1863
i765
IS.'Vl
1858
1831
1850
1846
1866
1817
1844
1862
1865
1843
1869
1864
1752
1868
1874
1878
1807
1841
1660
182S
1876
1850
E
Eaehard, John. English divine . .^.._^...
Eadmer or Edmer. English monk, historian
Eads, James Buchanan. American engineer
Eagle Heury. American naval officer
Eakin, Samuel. Am. Pres. clerg. and patriot
Eakins, Thomas. American artist ■■,■,-
Eames, Charles. American lawyer and scholar..
Eames, Jane Anthony. American authoress.
Earle, Augustus. American traveler and artist.. .
Earle, James. American artist
Earle, Parker. Am. horticulturist and writer —
Earle! Pliny. American inventor
Earle, Plinv. American physician and author. .
Earle, Ralp'h. American artist — ■
Earle, Thomas. American lawyer and author
Earlom, Richard. English engraver.. ..-. . ....
Early John. .American M. E. bishop and writer..
Early, John. Irish Jesuit and educator m Am. . .
Early, Jubal Anderson. Confederate general
Early, Peter, .\merican jurist and governor
Eastburn, James W. English cl. and poet in Am.
Eastburn, Manton. Eng. P. E. bp., writer m Arn.
Eastlake, Charles L., Sir. Eng. painter, art critic
Eastman, Charles G. Am. states., journ., poet. . .
Eastman, HarvevGridley. American educator..
Eastman, John Kobie. American astronomer. . .
Eastman, Julia Arabella. Am. edu., authoress. .
Eastman, Macarthur. Am. man., and capitalist.
Eastman, Marv Henderson. American authoress
Eastman, Oman. .American clergyman
Eastman, Philip. American jurist and writer
Eastman, Robert L. Am. soldier and educator. .
Eastman, Sanford. .\merican physician
Eastman, Seth. .American soldieraud author
Eastoa, Langdon Cheves. American soldier ....
Easton, Nicholas. Governor of Rhode Island —
Eaton, .\mos. American naturalist
Eaton. .\mos Beebe. .American soldier. . ;
Eaton, -\sa. Am. P. E. clergyman and author
Eaton, Cvrus. American educator and author...
Eaton, Daniel Cadv. -\m. educator and author.. .
Eaton Dorman Bridgman. Am. law. and writer.
Eaton, George W. Am. Bapt. clergy, and educator
Eaton, Horace. Am. phys.. edu. and statesman. .
Eaton, Isaac. Am. clergyman and educator
Eaton John Henrv. Am. states'n and diplomat..
Eaton, John. American educator and writer
EatOT Joaeyih H. Am. clergyman and educator
16.367
1820
1801
1742
1844
1812
1816
1793
1761
1831
1762
1809
1751
1796
1743?
1785
1814
1816
1773
1797
1801
1793
1816
1832
1836
18.37
1810
1818
1796
1799
1840
1821
1808
1814
1593
1776
1806
1778
1784
1834
1823
18M
1804
1724
1790
1829
1812
1697
1124
1887
18S2
1784
1867
1798
i832
1801
1849
1822
1873
1874
isn
1819
1872
1865
1861
1878
1877
iS74
1869
1865
1874
1875
18,34
1675
1842
1.877
1S58
1S75
1872
1855
1772
1856
1859
BORN DIED
Eaton, Joseph Oriel. American artist 1829 1875
Eaton, Nathaniel. Eng. educator in -America. 1009 after 1664
1&'.)7
1820
1591
1845
. 1764
1816
Eaton, Samuel. Eng. cl. and author in America.
Eaton, Samuel J. M. Am. Presby. cl. and author.
Eaton, Theophilus E. First Gov. of New Haven.
Eaton, Thomas T. Am. clergyman and author,.
Eaton, William. Am. soldier. Consul at Tunis
Eaton, William W. Am. lawj-er and statesman. . . ^u^..
Eaton, Wvatt. Canadian artist 1849
Ebeling, Adolf. Ger. writer and journalist 1827
Ebeling, Christoph D. Ger. geographer, historian 1741
Ebelmen, Jacques Joseph. French chemist 1814
Eber, Paul. Ger. Protestant divine and Hebraist. 1511
Eberhard, Johann A. Ger. philos'r and writer... 1739
Eberle, John. American physician and author... 1787
Ebers, George M. Ger. Egyptologist and novelist 1837
Ehert.Friedrich Adolf. German bibliographer. . 1791
Ebl6, Jean Baptiste. French general 1758
Ebner von Eschenbach, Marie. Austrian novel.. 1880 ....
Ebrard, Johann Heinrich A. Ger. theologian.... 1818 ....
Ecchellensis, Abraham. Maronite orientalist ^.^ 1664
1065
1658
1811
1817
1852
1809
1838
1834
1812
1863
1851
1850
1879
1851
J I aiiaui. iUttujjJii.^ »_»iituvci,«i^w
Eccles, Henrv. English lawyer in Canada.. 1817
Eccleson, Samuel. American R. C. archbishop, .. 1801
Echeandia, Mauuel. S. Amer. statesm'n, soldi r. 1783
Echenique, Jose Rufino. Peruvian soldier 1808
Echeverria, Esteban. South American poet 1809
Echeverria, Manuel Mariano. S. Am. mission'ry 1730
Echenique, Juan Martin. Spanish statesman 1841
Eckard, James Read. Am. mission'ry and edu,.. 1805
Eckard, Margaret E. B. Am. Or. asy. directress... 1810
Eckermann, Johann Peter. German author. . . . 1^92
Eckersberg, ChristofferVilhelm. Danish painter 1(83
Eckert, Thomas T. Am. telegraph vice-president 1825
Eckfeldt, Jacob Reese. American assayer 1803
Eckford, Henry. American shipbuilder. . .^,, 1''5 -~z
Eckhart, Meister. Father of German mysticism. 1260? 1327
Eckhart, von, or Eccard, Johann G. Ger. hist _. low 1730
Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius. Austrian numismatist. 1/37
Eckhof, Hans Konrad D. Ga-.Roscius. Ger. actor 1/20
Eckley, JoseiJi. English clergyman in America, 1/50
Eckman, Julius. Prussian edu. and journalist,. 1805
Eckstein Ernst. Ger. novelist and humorist., . IMS
Eddls, William. Eng. loyalist in America.. 1745
Eddy, Ansel Doan. Am. clergyman and author. , , 1/98
Eddy, Daniel Clarke. Am. clergyman and trav, . . 1823
Eddy. Edward. American actor.. .,.,,.. ,. 1»21
Eddy Ezra B. Am. maufr., states, m Canada 1827
Eddv, Henry C. Am. musician and composer. . 1861
Eddy Henry T. Am. mathematician and author. 1844
Eddy! John H. American cartographer 1782
Eddy, Mary Mathews. English actress in Am. . , . ....
Eddy Norman. Am. phys.. lawyer and statesman 1810
Eddy, Richard. Am. clergj-man and author 1828
Eddy, Samuel. American jurist and writer 1/69
Eddv Thomas. Am. philanthropist and author. . l/o8
Eddy Thomas M. .\m. M. E. clergyman, author, 1823
Eddy, Zachary. American clergyman and author 1815
Edefinck, Gerard. Flemish engraver m France. . 1640
Eden, Charles. American governor of N Car 1673
Eden Emilv. Hon. Eng. traveler and authoress, . 1/95
1872
1854
1853
i872
1832
1798
1778
1811
1874
1875
i875
1817
1865
1872
1839
1827
1874
1707
1722
1869
Eden, tmiiy. nou. r.uK. navoici a^^^^^^ — — ■ -•-- ----
Eden! Richard, English writer on travels. . ,, . . 1d21? 1576
1786
1803
IMO
1877
1884
im
1849
1S6S
1874
Eden! Robert, Sir. Eng. governor of Marvland
Edes, Benjamin. Am. journalist and patriot l/o2
Edes Henrv Herbert. American antiquarian 1849
Edes, Peter'. American journalist and writer 1/56
Edes, Richard S. Am. clergyman and writer 1810
Edes Robert Thaxter. Am. phys. and author. , , . 1»38
Edgar, Henry Cornelius. Am. cl. and writer 1811
Edgar James David. Can. lawyer and writer. . . 1841
Edgar John Todd. Am. clergyman and editor. . . 1/92
Edgeworth, Maria. English novelist 1/67
Edhem Pasta. Turkish statesman.. ., ,. _■ ■ -^ 1823
Edison, Thomas Alva. Am. electrician and luv tr 1847
Edmonds, Francis W. American artist . . . . ,, . . . ,. 180b
Edgren, .^neust Hjalmar. Swedish edu. and anth 840
Edmonds, John W. Am. jurist, stats, and writer, 1,99
Edmund or Eadmund II. ^^i"? »» ^°-^°-^?;',°°^, ,??H ISiS
Edmund, Sniut..,rEdmundKich..).bp.Canteibury ll/O? 1240
EdSunds, ..eorge Franklin. Am. lawyer andstats 1828 ^
Edrisi or idrisi. A rabiau geographer 1090 llMl
Edson Josiah. Am. soldier and statesman ^^S5., ^o-2
Edward, no MarUjr. King of the Anglo-Saxons. 963? 9/8
Edward or Eadward III. Com-^><or^^^mgAug.-SB^. 1004? 106b
Edward I. Lnnoflmnks. King of England 1239 13U7
Prtward li K of Eng. Lost bat. of Bannockburn. 1284 1327
Edwtrd III. K of Eng. Gained bat. of Cr^cy, 1346 312 3g
Edward IV. K. of Eng. i War of the Hoses y. 442 1483
Edward V. K. of Engr Murdered m the Tower.. 14,0
FdwardVI K of Eng. Son of Henry MIX 15o7
Edwtrd i-A. itac;- Prince Prince of Wales 830
Edward, Thomas. English naturalist... 1814
Edwards, Herbert B., Sir. Eng. gen. in India ... 1819
Edwards Augustin. Chilian statesm'n cap st, . . 1816
Edwards Alphonse Milne. French natural s ... 1835
Edwards Amelia B. Eng. novelist and EgyptoL^^ 1831
Edwards Bela Bates. Am. clergyman and author 1802
Edwards Benjamin. S. Am. jurist and statesman 1818
Edwards Brvau. Eng. merch. and anth. in Am.. 1;.43
Edwl^dl! Charles. Eng. lawyer and author in Am 1797
1483
1553
1376
i868
1877
1852
1886
1800
1868
E D W A R D S — E L I\I E R
1723
BORN DIED
Edwards, Cyrus. Am. lawyer and statesman 1793 1X77
Edwards, tii'Orge. English ornithologist 1694 1773
Edwards, Henri Milne. See Milne-Edwards
Edwards, Henry Pierrepont. American jurist. ... 1809 1S55
Edwards, Henry Waggaman. Am. statesman 1779 1847
Edwards, Jesse. Am. clerg. and Biblical scholar. 1819 1866
Edwards, John. American statesman 1755 1S37
Edwards, John. Welsh author in America 1806 1887
Edwards, John. Am. lawver and statesman 1815 ....
Edwards, John Ellis. Am". M. E. clerg. and auth. 1S14
Edwards, Jonathan. Am. divine, metaphysician. 1703 1758
Edwards, Jonathan. Am theol.. metaphysician.. 1745 1801
Edwards, Jonathan. Am. jurist and mayor 1798 1875
Edwards, Jonathan Walter. American lawyer... 1772 1831
Edwards, Justin. Am. clergyman and lecturer .. 1787 1803
Edwards, Laudon Brame. Am. phys. and writer ISlo
Edwards, Matilda Barbara. English novelist... 1836
Edwards, Morgan. Welsh clergyman, writerin Am 1722 1795
Edwards, -N'inian. .\mericau iawver. statesman. 1775 1833
Edwards, Niuian Wirt. Am. statesman, writer. . 1809
Edwards, Ogden. American jurist 1781 1862
Edwards, Oliver. American soldier and inventor 1835
Edwards, Pierrepont. Am. jurist and statesman 1750 1826
Edwards, Timothy. American clergj-man 1669 1758
Edwards, Timothy. American jurist' 1738 1813
Edwards, Tryon. Am. clergyman and author 1809 ...
Edwards, Weldon Nathaniel. Am. statesman 1788 1873
Edwards, William. American inventor 1770 1851
Edwards, William E. Am. M. E. cl. and author. . 1842
Edwin. King of Xorthumbria 585? 633
Edwin, David. Euglish engraver in .\merica 1776 1841
Eeckhout, van den, Gerbrand. Dutch painter . 1621 1674
Eekhoud, Georges. Belgian poet and novelist 1854
Effen, van, Justus. Dutch writer 1684 1735
Egan, Maurice. Am. journalist and author 1852
Egan, Michael. Irish R. C. bishop in America 1814
Egana, Juan. Peruvian jurist and author 1769 1836
Egana, Mariano. Chilian jurist and diplomat 1793 1846
Egbert. Thr Great. King of West Sa.xons 775? 839
Egede, Hans. Danish miss, to Greenland 1686 1758
Egede, Paul. Norwegian miss, and writer 1720 1719
Egerton, Francis L. G., earl of EUes. Eng. auth. ISOO 1857
Egerton, Thomas. B. of Elles. Lord chan. of Eng. 1540? 1617
Eggert, France Xavier. German painter on glass 1802 1876
Eggleston, Edward. American author 1837
Eggleston, George C. Am. lawyer and author 1839
Eggleston, Joseph. .A.m. soldier and statesman.. 1754 1811
Eglnhard "I- Einhart. Ger. sec, bio. Charlemagne 771? 844
Egle, William H. Am. physician and historian. . . 1830
Egleston, Thomas. American mining engineer. . 1832
Eglinton, Archibald W., Earl of. Lord Lt. Ireland 1812 1861
Egmont, Lamoral, Count of. Flemish sold., states 1522 1568
Egnazio. ni'naiini Baltista Cipi-lli. Ven. orator. 1473? 1553
Eguiora y Eguren, Juan Jose. Mex. cl.. author 1763
Enninger, John Whelton. American artist 1827
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried. Ger. naturalist 1795 1876
Ehrensvard, Karl A., Count of. Swed. field marsh 1710 1772
Ebret, Georg Dionysius. Ger. painter of plants.. 1710 1772
Eichberg, Julius. German-American musician.. 1824 ....
Eichendorf, von, Joseph K. B., Baron. Ger. poet 1788 1857
Eiclihorn, Jobann Gottfried. Ger. Biblical critic 1752 1827
Eichwald, Karl Eduard. Russian naturalist 1795 1876
Eidlitz, Cyrus Lazelle Warner. Am. architect 1853 ....
Eldlltz, Leopold. Bohemian architect 1823
Eiffel, .\lexandre Ciustave. French engineer 1832
Eigenbrodt, David Lamberson. Am. physician. . 1810 1880
Eigenbrodt, Lewis Ernest A. Ger. educat'r in Am 1773 1828
Eigenbrodt, William E. Am. clergyman and edu. 1813
Eilers, Frederic A. Ger. metallurg"., w'r in Am... 1839
Eimmart, George Christoph. Ger. astronomer... 1638 1705
Einhorn, David. Bavar. Rabbi and writer in Am. 1809 1879
Eisenhart, Johann Fiiedrich. German jurist 1720 1783
Eisenlobr, .iugust. German Egyptologist 1832
Eisfeld, Theodore. German musician in Am 1816 1SS2
Elah. King of Israel IB. c. 930-929) B. c. 929
Elcano, Juan .Sebastian. Spanish navigator 1476 l526
Elder, Cyrus, .\meriean soldier and author 1833
Elder, George .\. M. Am. educator and author... 1794 1838
Elder, John. Irish cl. and soldier in America 1706 1792
Elder, Joseph Freeman -\m. cl. and educator.. . 1839
Elder, Susan B. Am. philanthropist, authoress.. 1835
Elder, William. Irish cl. and journalist 1822 1882
Elder, William. Am. phys, orator and author 1806 1885
Elder, William Henry. Am. R. C. archbishop 1819
Eldon, John Scott, Earl of. Lord chancellor Eng.. 1751 1838
Eldridge, Charles A. .\m. lawver and statesman. 1821
Eldridge, Edwin. Am. phvs. and benefactor 1811 1876
Eldridge, Hamilton N. Am. soldier and lawver. 1831 1882
Elgin, James Bruce. Earl of. British statesman.. 1811 1863
Elgin, Thos. B., Earl of. Fnlh.Jnmei'. Brit.diplm't 1766 1841
Ell. High Priest and Judge of Israel fl. B.C. 1171
Elias, Domingo. Peruvian statesman 1805 1867
Elias Levita. Jewish Hebraist in Germany 1472 1549
Elie de Beaumont, Jean B. A. L. L. Fr. geologist 1798 1874
Eliglus urEloy, St. Bishop of Tournay and Xovon 588 659
Elijah. Prophet of Israel fl'. B.C. 910 8%
Eliot, Andrew. American cl., patriot and writer. 1718 1778
Eliot, Charles. American clergyman and author. 1791 1813
Eliot, Charles W. Pres. of Harvard L'niversity. . 1834
„,,...„ ,^ . , BOEN DIKD
Eliot, Ephraim. Am.drugglst and author 1780
Eliot, George, ^sf!(((. Mar;/ A. Kiiuis. Eng. auth's 1819 1880
Eliot, Jared. Am. educator, scientist and author 1685 1763
Eliot, John. American clergyman and author 1754 1813
Eliot, John, Sir. English statesman and orator. . 1592 1632
Eliot, John. Apostle of the Indians. American cl 1604 1690
Eliot, Samuel. American educator and author. . . 1821
Eliot, Samuel -\tkius. Am. statesman and author 1798 1862
Eliot, Thomas Dawes. American statesman 1808 1870
Eliot, W'illiam Greeiilief. Am. clergvman, author 1811 1887
Eliott. Geo. A.. Baron HeathfieldGibf. Brit. gen. 1717 1790
Elisabeth, Pauline Ottilie Luise. Q.of Roumania 1843
Elizabeth. Princess; daughter of Charles 1 1635 ieso
Elizabeth. Queen-Dowager of Prussia 1801 1873
Elizabeth.. Queen of England 1533 1503
Elizabeth-Petrovna. Empress of Russia 1709 1762
Elizaga, Mariano. Mex. musician and composer 1781 1842
Elkin, W illiam Lewis. American astronomer 18.35 .
Elkins, Henry Arthur. American artist 1847 1884
Elkins, Stephen Benton. American statesman. .. I.s41
Ellenborough, Edward Lan, Earl of. Eng. stats. 1790 1871
Ellenborough, Edward Law, Lord. Chief just. Eng 1750 18I8
Ellery, \MlIiam. Signer of Dec. of Independence 1727 1.S20
Ellery, Christopher, -im. lawyer and statesman. 1768 1840
Ellery, Frank. .American naval officer 1794 1871
Ellet, Charles, Jr. American engineer 18IO 1862
Ellet, Elizabeth Fries. American authoress. . 1818 1877
Ellet, William Henry. Am. chemist, educator. ... 1806 1859
EUice, Edward. M. p. Politician ]789 1863
Ellicott, -Vndrew. American astronomer 1754 1820
EUiOOtt, Charles John. Eng. bishop and author.. 1819
Ellicott, Joseph. American engineer 1760 1826
Elliot, Benjamin. -American lawyer and author. . 1786 1836
Elliot, Charles. Am. clergyman and author 1792 1869
Elliot, Charles. Eng. nay. offic. and gov. in Am.. 1801 1875
Elliot, Charles Loring. Am. portrait painter 1812 1S68
EUiot, George Henry. Am. engineer and author. ISJl
Elliot, Geo. Thompson. Am. physic, and author. 1827 1871
Elliot, \\illiam Horace. Americ.iu genealogist. .. 1.S24 1852
Elliotson, John. English physician and writer.. . 1791 1868
Elliott, Charles. Irish M. E. cl. aud author 1792 1869
Elliott, C harles Wyllys. Am. hortic. and author 1.S17 1883
Elliott, Charlotte. English hymn writer ]7s9 1871
Elliott, David. American educator 17S7 1874
Elliott, Ebenezer. Cur)i-Une Rln/mer. Eng. poet. . 1781 1849
Elliott, Ezekiel B. -\ni. statistician, scientist 1823 1888
Elliott, Franklin R. Am. horticulcurist. author.. 1817 1878
Elliott, Gilbert MoUeson. .American soldier 1840 1863
Elliott, Ciilbert, Sir, or Earl Minto. Gov.-lien. Ben. 1751 1814
Elliott, Henry Wood. Am. artist and author 1841
Elliott, James. American lawyer 1770 1839
Elliott, James H. Am. P. E. clergyman and lawver 1819 1876
Elliott, Jesse Duncan. American commodore.'... 1782 1845
Elliott, John. Am. clergyman and author 1768 1824
Elliott, Jonathan. Eng. editor and author 1784 1846
Elliott, Robert B. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1842 1884
Elliott, Robert Woodward B. Am. P. E. bishop. . 1810 1887
Elliott, Samuel M. Scottish oculist, sold'rin Am. 1811 1875
Elliott, Stephen. Am naturalist and author 1771 1830
Elliott, Stephen. American P. E. bishop 1806 1b66
EUiott, Susannah. American patriot 17.50
Elliott, William. Am. statesman and patriot 1761 1808
Elliott, William. Am. statesman and author 1788 1863
Ellis, .\lexander John. English philologist 1814 1890
Ellis, Calvin. Am. physician and author I826 1883
Ellis, Charles Mayo. Am. lawyer and author 1818 1878
Ellis, Edward Dimick. .\m. editor and states'n. . 1801 1848
Ellis, E. John. American lawver and statesman.. 1841
Ellis, George. English miscellaneous writer 1733 1815
Ellis, George Edward. Am. clergy, and hist 1814
Ellis, Henry. English explorer and author 1721 1806
Ellis, Henry, Sir. Bibliographer and author 1777 1869
Ellis, John Millot. Am. clergyman and educator 1793 1855
Ellis, John Willis. American jurist and governor 1820 1861
Ellis, Powhatan. Am. jurist and statesman 1794 1844
Ellis, Reuben. American M. E. clergyman 1796
Ellis, Robert F. Am. Baptist clergvinan. editor.. 1809 1854
Ellis, Robinson. English classical scholar 1834
Ellis, Rufus. American clergyman and editor 1819 1885
Ellis, Sarah Stickney. Mrs. English authoress. .. 1812 1872
Ellis, Sumner, .\merican clergyman and author. 1828 1886
Ellis, Theodore G. Am. engineer and writer 1829 1883
Ellis, Wellore. British statesman 17H is02
Ellis, William. Rev. Eng. miss., traveler, author 1795 1872
Ellison, Matthew. American clergyman, author. 1801
Ellmaker, Amos. American jurist 1787 1851
Ellsworth, Erastus Wolcott. Am. iuv. and poet. . 1822
Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt. .4m. Com'r of Patents 1791 1858
Ellsworth, Henry William. .\m. auth.and diplom. 1814 1867
Ellsworth, Mary Wolcott. .4m. editress aud auth. 1.S30 1870
Ellsworth, Oliver. Am. jurist and statesman 1745 1807
Ellsworth, William Wolcott. Am. jurist and edu. 1791 1868
Ellwood, Thomas. English Quaker writer 1639 1713
Ellyson, Henry Keeling. .4m. states'n and journ. 1823
Elmendorf, Joachim. Am. clergy, and writer 1827
Elmendorf, John James. .American educator 1827
Elmer, Ebenezer. Am. jjhvsician aud statesman. 1752 1843
Elmer, Jonathan. .4m. jurist, phys. and states'n. 1745 1807
Elmer, Lucius Q. C. Am. jurist, states'n, writer.. 1793 1883
1724
ELMES — ESPINOSA
BORN DIED
Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale. English architect 1818 1847
Elmes, James. Architect and author 1783 1862
Elmore, Frauklin Harper. Am. law. and states'n. 1799 1850
Elmore, Rush. Americun jurist 1810 . .. ,
Elmsley, John. English jurist in Canada 1762 1805
Elmsley, John, Jr. Canadian legislator 1801 1863
Elmsley, Peter. Eng. critic and classical scholar 1773 1825
Eloy, or Eliglus, St. Bp. of Tournay and Noyon.. 588 650
Elphlnston, James. Scottish grammarian 1721 1809
Elphinstone, George K. Vis. Scot. N. offic'r in Am 1746 1823
Elphinstone, Mountstuart. Eng. statesman, hist 1779 1859
Elsberg, Louis. Prussian pbys. and author in Am 1836 1885
Elsheimer, Adam. It Tedesco, German painter.. 1574 1620
Elson, Louis Charles. Am. musical com., writer. i&t8 ....
Elssler, Fanny. Viennese dancer 1811 1884
Elster, Kristiiin. Norwegian novelist 1841 1881
Elton, John Prince. Am. manufac. and banker... 1809 1864
Elton, Romeo. Am. clergyman aud philanthro .. 1790 1870
Elton, Prothesia S. Goss. English authoress 18U0 1867
Elwart, Antoine Amable Elie. Fr. composer 1808 1877
Elwar, y Suvisa Fausto de, Spanish chemist 1757 1833
Elwyn, Alfred Langdon. Am. philan., author ,. . 1S04 1884
Ely, Alfred. American clergyman 1778 1866
Ely, Alfred. Am. lawyer and statesman 1S15 ....
Ely, Ezra S. American clergyman and aothor. .. . 1786 1861
Ely, Richard T. American political economist. . . 18M ....
Ely, Samuel Rose. American clergyman 1803 1873
Ely, William M. Am. merchant anii legislator 1818 1872
Elyot, Thomas, Sir. Eag. dip., lexicographer 1490? 1546
Elze, Carl F. Ger. poet, Shakespearean scholar. . 1821 ....
Elzevir, Abraham. Dutch printer of classics 1592 1652
Elzevir, Bonaventure. Dutch printer at Leyden , 1583 1652?
Elzevir, Louis. (Du^.-ft ElzevierorElsevier.) D.pr 1540? 1617
EmangardorEsmangard, Charles. Westlud.jur 1755 1837
Emanuel, ( Por(. Manoel.) King of Portugal. ... 1469 1521
Embry, James C. Am. clergyman and author. . . . 1834 ....
Embury, Emma Catherine. "American authoress 1806 1865
Embury, Philip. First Meth. minister in Am. .. 1729 1775
Emerlan, Maurice Julien, Comte. Fr. naval offl. 1702 1845
Emeric-David, Toussaint B. Fr. archaeologist . . 1755 1839
Emerson, Benjamin D. Am. educator, author — 1781 1872
Emerson, Benjamin K. Am. uaturalist, writer. . . 1843 ....
Emerson, Brown. Am. clergyman and writer 1778 1872
Emerson, Charles F. American educator, writer, 1843
Emerson, Charles Xoble. Am. lawyer and soldier. 1831 1869
Emerson, Frederick. Am. educator and author. . 17.'i8 1857
Emerson, George Barren. Am. educationist 1797 1881
Emerson, Gou\"erneur. Am phys. and writer 1796 1874
Emerson, James E. Am. machinest and inventor 1823 ....
Emerson, John Smith. Am. miss, and author.. .. 1800 1867
Emerson, Joseph Am. educator and writer 1777 1833
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Emerson, Ralph. Am. clergyman aud writer 1787 1863
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Ani. essayistand philos. 1803 1882
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Emerton, James Heney. Am.riaturalistand auth. 1847 —
Emery, Charles Edward. Am. engineer and inv., 1838 ....
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Emilo, Paolo. (/.n(. Paulus.Smilius.) Ital. hist. 141 >0? 1529
Emmerton, James -Arthur. ,\m. genealogist . .. 1884 ...
Emmet, John Patton Irish chemist in America. 1797 1842
Emmet, Joseph K. Fritz. American actor 1841 1891
Emmet, Robert. Irish insurrectionist 1778 1803
Emmet, Rosiua. .\mericnn artist 1854 ....
Emmet, Thomas Addis. Irish lawyer in America 1708 1863
Emmet, Thomas Addis. Irish patriot in America 1764 1827
Emmet, Thomas Addis. American engineer 1818 1880
Emmet, Thomas .\ddis. .\m. phys. and author. ., 182j ...
Emmons, Ebenezer. .\merican geologist 179.^ 1863
Emmons, George Foster. Am. naval officer 1811 1884
Emmons, Halmer Hull. American jurist 1815 1877
Emmons. Nathaniel. Am. clergyman and writer. 1745 1840
Emmons;, Samuel Franklin. American geologist. 1841
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Emott, James. American jurist 1823 1884
Emory, John. Am. M. E. bishop and author 1789 1835
Emory, Robert. .\m. clergyman and educator — 1814 1848
Emparan, de, Diego. Mexican author 1718 1807
Empedocles. Greek philosopher fl. B.C. 444?
Enambuc, d', Pierre. Founder of Fr. col. in W. 1. 1585 1636
Encisco, de, Martin F. Sp. cosmographer 1525
Encke, Johann Franz. German astronomer 1791 1865
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Endicott, John. Colonial governor of Mass 1588? 1666
Endicott, William C. Am. secretary of war 1827 —
Endress, Christian. American cl. and educator. 1775 1827
Endlicher, Stephan L. Hungarian botanist 1804 1849
Enfantin, Bartht'lemy P. Freuch socialist 1796 1864
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Engelbrechtsen, Cornells. Dutch painter 1468 1533
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Engelmann, George. Ger. phil and hot. in Am... 1809 1884
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Enghien, d', Louis A. H, French prince 1772 1804
England, John, Irish R. C. bishop in America. . . 1786 1842
Engle, Frederick. American naval officer 1799 1868
Engles, William M. .A.m. clergyman and author. 1797 1867
English, Earl. American naval officer 1824 —
BOKN DIED
English, George B. Am. adventurer and author.. 1787 1828
English, Jamts Edward. American statesman . 1812 1890
English, Thomas Dunn. American author 1819
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Enneking, John Joseph. .American artist 1841
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Enrlquez de, Almansa M. Sp. viceroy of N. Spain 1525 1583
Enriquez de, Rivera P, Sp. viceroy of Mexico 1610 1684
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Enzina or Encina, de la, Juan. Spanish poet 1446? 1516?
Eon de Beaumont, d', C. G. L. A. A. T. Fr, dip 1728 1810
Eotvos, Josef, Baron. Hun. statesm'n and writer 1813 1871
Epamlnondas. Thebau statesman and general B. c. 418? 362
Ep69, de r Charles Michel. Fr. philanthropist... 1712 1789
Epictetns. Roman stoic philosopher. 60 120?
Epicurus. Greek philosopher B.C. 342 270
Epimenides. Cretan poet and philosopher fl. b. 0. 600?
Epinay, d', Louise F, P. de la Live. French auth 1725 1783
Eplphane, Louis Marie. Fr. monk and mission'y 1630 1692
Eplscopius, Simon. Bischop. Dutch theologian. 1583 164S
Eppes, John Wayles. American statesman 1773 1823
Erauzo, de Catalina. Spanish adventuress 1585 1650
Erard, Sebastian. Fr. manf'r musical instrura'ts 1752 1831
Erasmus, Desiderius. Dutch scholar 1467 1536
Eratosthenes. Greek geom. and astronomer b. c, 276 196
Erljen, Heury. .American organ builder 1801 1888
Erben, Peter. American organist 1771 1863
Ercilla y Zufliga, de, Alonzo. Spanish poet 1533 1595
Erckmann-Chatrian, E. E.and A. C. Fr.lit.col
Erdman, Axel Joachim. Swedish geologist 1814 1869
Erdmann, Johann Eduard. Ger. philosopher 1805 1887?
Erdmann, Otto Linn^. German chemist 1804 1869
Eric. The Red. Scandinavian navigator fl. 1000
Eric XIV. King of Sweden. Son oj Gustavus Vasa Ib^ 1577
Erich, -Augustus F. Ger. phys. and edn. in Am... 1837
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Ericsson, Nils. Swedish engineer 1802 1870
Erigena, Joannes Scotns. Irish-Scot, philosopher ... 875
Erlach, d, Jean L. Swissgeneral. Marshal of Fr. 1595 1650
Erman. Georg Adolph. German physicist 1806 1877
Ernesti, Johann August. Ger theol. and philol. . 1707 1781
Ernst, Heinrich Wilhelm. German musician 1814 1865
Ernst, Oswald Hubert. Am. soldier and engineer 1842 ....
Ernst August. King of Hanover 1771 1851
Erpenius or Erpen, van, Thomas. Dutch orient'st 1584 1624
Erranl, Achille. Italian vocalist and educator. . . 1823 ....
Errard, Charles. French painter and architect.. 1606 1689
Errazuriz, Federico. Chilian law. aud statesman 1825 1877
Errett, Isaac. American clergyman and author.. 1820 18S8
Errett, Russell. Am. journalist and statesman.. . 1817 —
Ersch, Johann Samuel. German cyclopedist 1766 1828
Erskine, David M., Baron. Eng. diplomat in Am 1776 1855
Erskine, Ebenezer. American clergjTiian 1821
Erskine, Ebenezer. Scottish theologian 1680 1754
Erskine, Robert. Scot, scientist aud auth. in Am 1735 1780
Erskine, Thomas, Baron. Lord chancellor Eng. . 1750 1823
Erskine, William, Sir. English soldier in Am — 1728 1795
Ervin, James. ..American lawyer and statesman.. 1776 1841
Ervlng, George William. American diplomat ... 1771 1850
Ervlng, John, Jr. American councillor 1727 1816
Ervlng, John. Scot, merchant, statesman in Am 1690 1786
Erwin, Alexander R. .American clergyman 1820 1860
Erxleben, Johann C. P. German naturalist 1744 1777
Escalante y Colombres, Manuel. Peruvian bp 1708
Escalante.d', Juan. Officer under Cortes in Mei 1519
Escalona y Calatayud, Juan Jose. Sp. bishop 1675 1737
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Eschenmayer, von, Adam K. A. Ger. philos — 17ii8 1852
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Escobar, de, Maria. Spanish colonist 1560
Escobar, de, Pedro S. Sp. theologian, author 1591
Escobar y Mehdoza, Antonio. Sp. casuist, Jesuit 1.589 1669
Escobedo, Mariano. Mexican soldier 1828
Escobedo y Aguilar, Pedro J. A. Mexican phys. 1798 1844
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Escoiquiz, Don Juan. Spanish statesman. 1762 1820
Escosura, de la, Don P. Sp. politician, author.. . 1807 .. .
Escott, Thomas H. S. Eng. writer aud editor 1844 ....
Escudero, Jose A. Mexican jurist and author — ISOI 1862
Esglis, d', Louis P.M. Canadian R C. bishop ... 1710 1788
Esnleman, Isaac S. Am. physician and writer. . 1820
Esllng, Catherine Harbeson. American poetess.. 1812
EsUng, Charles Henrv A American author 1845
Esmarch, Johannes Friedrlch. German surgieon. 1823
Esmenard, Joseph .\lphonse. French poet 1769 1811
Espada, Juan J. Diaz y Landa. Sp. bp. m Cuba.. 1766 1832
Espadero, .N'icolas Ruiz. Cuban musical com ... 18S3 —
Espagne, d'. Jean. French Protestant theologian 1591 1659
Espana, de. Don Carlos Jos# E., Count. Sp. gen. 1775 1839
Espartero, Don Joaquin B. Sp. gen., statesman... 1793 1879
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Espeleta, Antoine Froger, Baron. Fr. colonist... 1676 1716
Espinasse,del'crLespinasse,de,J. Not'dFr.lady 1732 1776
Espinel, Vincente. Spanish poet and novelist... 1544 16S4
Espinosa, Juan. S. American soldier and author 1804 1871
Espinosa, Pedro. Mexican bishop 1763 1866
Espinosa, de, Don Diego. Spanish cardinal 1502 1572
ESPIVENT — FAHRENHEIT
1725
BORN DIED
Espivent, Louis Charles. French corsair 1641 1677
Espromesnil, d', Jean Jacques D. Fr. politician. 1746 1794
Espronceda, de, Jos#. Spanish poet 1810 1&42
Espy, James Pollard. American meteorologist.. . 178.5 1860
Esquin, Mamertiis. S. American R. C. bishop 1826 1883
Esquirol, Jean Etienne Domiuique. Fr. phys 1772 1840
Esquiros, Henri Alphonse. French writer ISI4 1876
Esqulvel, de, Juan. Spanish adventurer 1480 1519
Ess, van, Leander. Ger. Rom. Cath. theologian . 1772 1847
Essen, Hans Heurik, Count. Swed. field marshal 1755 1834
Essex, Robert D.. second Earl of. Mars'l of Eug. 1567 1601
Essex, Robert D., third Earl of. Parliamentary gen 1591 1646
Essex, Walter D.. first Earl of. Eug. states., gen'l. 1541? 1576
Estada, Jose Dolores. Nicaraguau general 1787 1869
Estaing, d', Charles Hector. French admiral 1729 1794
Estaugn, Elizabeth. Eug. colonist in America. . . 1082 1762
Este. A princely house of Italy, fam. from 10th cen
Este, Alberto, Azzo II. Italian prince 996 1097
Este, David Klrkpatrick. American jurist 1785 1875
Este, George Peahody. Am. lawyer and soldier.. . 1829 18«1
Este, d'j .\zzo v.. Marquis. Fouu. of Estes Ferrara . . . 1192
Esten, James Christie P. Jurist in Canada 1805 1864
i_.3oerhaiy. Noble family of Hungary
EBterli4,zy, de Galantha, Paul. Gov.-Gen. of Hun 1635 1713
Esi,erly, George. American inventor 1809
Estevez y Ugarte Pedro A. Mexican R. C. bishop 17.54 1827
Estienne. See Etienne.
Estorge, Joseph Leonard. American phTsiciau. . 18;M 1880
Fs'raf'es, d', Ciodefroi.Comte. Fr. gen., states'n. 1607 1686
Estrfees.d'j Victor Marie, Due. French admiral.. 1660 1737
Etampes, d', Anue de P., Duchess. Mistress Fr. I 1508 1575
Etex, Antoiue. French artist 1808 1888
Ethelbald or .Sthelhald. KingofWessex 860
Ethelbert, .ffithelberht or iEdUberct. K. of Kent 552? 616
Ethelbert. King of the West Saxons 866
Ethelred or ;Ethelred I. King of West Saxons 871
Ethelredll. The Unready King of England 968 1016
Etheridge, Emerson. American statesman, writer 1819
Ethelwulf, iEthelwulf or Athulf. King, W. Sax 868
^therege or Etheridge, George. Sir. Eng. auth. . 1635? 1691
Etienne, Charles Guillaiime. French writer 1777 1845
Etienne or Estienne, Henry. Head Fr. fam. print 1460? 1620
Etienne or Estienne, Henrv. Fr. printer, author 1528 1598
Etienne or Estienne, Robert. Fr. printer, schl'r. 1503 1559
Ettmuller, Ernst Jloritz Ludwig. Ger. philologist 1802 1877
Etty, William. Enelish painter 1787 1849
Euclid of Alexandria. Greek geometrician fl. b. c. 30O
Euclid of Megara. Greek philosopher B. c. 440?
Eudocia. Roman empress o&l? 461?
Eudoxus of Cuidus. Greek astronomer B c. 409' 356?
Eugene, Prince of Savoy. Austrian general 1663 1736
Eugenie. Empress of the French "1826
Eugenius IV, Gabriele Condolmieri. Pope 1383 1447
Euler, Leonhard. Swiss mathematician 1707 1783
Euphemla. Irish mother-Sup., Sis. of Char, in Am 1816 1887
Euripides. Athenian tragic poet B. c. 480 405
Eusebius, Pamphili, Bp.of Cajsarea. Ecoles. his 260? 3397
Eustace, John Skey. American soldier, writer... 1760 1805
Eustachl or Eustachio, Bartolommeo. It. anat . 1510 1574
Eustis, George. American jurist and statesman.. 1796 1858
Eustis, George. Am. statesman and diplomat 1828 1872
Eustis, Henry Lawrence. Am. engineer and w'r. . 1819 1885
Eustis, James Blddle. Am. states'n and educator 1834 ....
Eustis, William. Am. phvsician and statesman. . 1753 1825
Eutropius or Flavius Eutropius. Roman hist. fl. 364
Eutyches. Greek heresiarch 375? 454?
Evaid or Ewald, Johannes Danish poet 1743 1781
Evans, Anthony Walton White. Am. civil engin. 1817 1886
Evans, Arthur Benoni. Classical schol. and w'r. 1781 1855
Evans, Augusta Jane. Am. benefactress and auth. 1835 ....
Evans, Caleb. English clergyman and writer 1737 1791
Evans, David Reid. Eng. states'n and philan 1769 1843
Evans, De Lacy, Sir. British general 1787 1870
Evans, De Scott. American artist 1847
Evans, Edward Payson. Am. linguist and author 1833
Evans, Elizabeth Hewlings. American poetess... 1818 1855
Evans, Evan. Welsh clergyman in America 1721
Evans, Evan William WelshCelticschol.in Am. 1827 1874
Evans, Frederick John Owen. Eng. hydrographer 1815 1885
Evans, Frederick Wm. Eng. inv. and w'r in Am. 1808
Evans, George. American lawyer and statesman 1797 1867
Evans, George Henry. Eng. ret'r and jour, in Am 1805 1855
Evans, Henry G. Journalist in .America 1812 1869
Evans, Hugh Davey. American lawyer and auth 1792 1868
Evans, H. Sugden. English chemist in Canada.. 1830
Evans, John. Colonial governor of Pennsylvania 1678
Evans, John. American geologist 1812 1861
Evans, John. English antiquary 1823
Evans, Josiah James. Am. jurist and statesman. 1786 1858
Evans, Lewis. American cartographer and w'r . . 1700 1756
Evans, Nathan George. Am. Soldier and educator 1824 1868
Evans, Nathaniel. American poet 1742 1767
Evans, Oliver. American engineer and Inventor 1755 1819
Evans, Robert Wilson. Eng. clergyman and auth 1789 1866
Evans, Thomas. Prominent mln. Soc. of Friends 1798 1868
Evans, Thomas Wlltherger. Am. denti.st and jour 1823
Evans, William. Irish agriculturist journalist.. 1786 1857
Evans, William. English water color painter .. 1797 1878
Evarhart, Benjamin Mattack. American botanist 1818 ....
„ ,. , . , BORN DIE»
Evarts, Jeremiah. Am. philanthropist, writer.. .. 1781 1831
Evarts, William Maxwell. Am. lawyer, states'n. IslS
Eve, Joseph Adams. Am. physician and writer. .. 1806
Eve, Slaria Lou. Am. authoress and poetess 1818
Eve, Paul Fitzsimons. Am. physician and writer 1806 1877
Eve, Robert Campbell. Am. physician and writer 1843
Evelyn, John. English royalist and author 1620 1706
Everard, Richard, Sir. Eng. Colonial Gov. in Am . . 173S
Everdingeu, van AUart. Dutchpainter 1612 1678
Everest, Charles W. Am. P. B. clergyman, writer I8I4 1877
Everett, Alexander H. .\m. diplomatist, author.. 1792 1847
Everett, Charles C. Am. clergyman and writer.. 1829
Everett, David. Am. journalist and author 1770 1813
Everett, Edward. Bro. 0/ Ak.c. Am. statesman. 1794 1866
Everett, Edward F. Am. genealogist, author. .. 1840
Everett, Erastus. Am. educator 18IS
Everett, Horace. American statesman 1780 1861
Everett, John. Am. diplo. orator and poet 1801 1826
Everett, Joseph. American M. E. clergyman 1732 1809
Everett, Wilham. Am. educator and author lo39
Everhart, James Brown. Am. statesm'n, author. 1821 .. .
Everts, Orpheus. American physician 1826
Everts, William Wallace. Am Bap. divine, writer 1814
Evertsen, Cornelius. Dutch naval officer
Evremond. See Saint-Evermond.
Ewald, von, George H. A. German Hebraist 1803 1875
Ewart, Thomas West. American lawyer 1816 1881
Ewart, William. Member Parliament 1798 1869
Ewbank, Thomas. Eug. scientist, author in Am. 1792 1870
Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert. Am. eng. and edti 1810
Ewell, Marshall Davis. Am. jurist and author. . . 1844
Ewell, Richard Stoddert. Confederate lleot. gen 1817 1872
Ewen, Mary Cecilia. American actress 1836 1866
Ewen, William. English patriot in America 1720
Ewer, Ferdinand C. Am. P. E. el. and author. ... 1826 1883
Ewing, Charles. American jurist 1780 1832
Ewing, Charles. American lawyer and soldier.. . 1835 1883
Ewing, Finis. Am. Cumberland and Presbyt. cl. 1773 1841
Ewing, Greville. Scot, divine, lexicographer 1767 1841
Ewing, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1736 1806
Ewing, John. Am. Presb. cl. and scientist 1732 1802
Ewing, Juliana HoratiaOrr. English writer 1842 1885
Ewing, Thomas. American statesman 1789 1871
Ewing, Thomas. American lawyer 1829
Ewing, William B. Am.phys.jurist, statesman. 1776 1866
Ewing, William L. D. Am. lawyer, statesman 1795 1846
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Exmouth, Edward P., Viscount. Eng. admiral... 1757 1838
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Expilly, d, Jean Joseph, Abb#. Fr. geographer. 1719 1793
Eyck, van, Hubert. Flemish painter 1366 1426
Eyck, van, Jan. Flemish painter 1390? 1449
Eykens or Eyckens, Pieter. Flemish painter 1599 164»
Eyma, Luis Xavler. West Ind. traveler, author.. 1816
Eye, von, Johann Ludolf August. Ger. art his... 1825
Eyre, Edward John. English diplomatist, cxpl.. 1815
Eyster, Nellie. American authoress 1831
Eytelwein, Johann A. Prus. engineer and writer 1764 1848
Eytinge, Rose. American actress 1835
Eyzaguirre, Augustin. Chilian statesman 1766 1837
Eyzaguirre, Domingo. Chilian philanthropist.. 1775 1854
Eyzaguirre, Jose A. Chil. law., educator and cl 1783 1860
Eyzaguirre, Jose Ignacio. Chilian senator 1787 1850
Eyzaguirre, Jcse Ignacio V. Chilian priest, an. 1824 1875
Eyzaguirre, Miguel. Chilian jurist 1770 1821
Ezekiel, Moses Jacob. Am. artist and sanlptor... 1844
F
Faher, George Stanley. Eng. dlTine aad author. . 1773 1864
Faber, Johannes Augustanus. German divise... 14607 1531T
Faber. Peter Christian Frederik. Danish poel. .. 1810 1877
Fabert, Abraham. French general 1599 1663
Fabert, Antoiue. French traveler 1532 1574
Fabius. Qtiinlus. Rom. gen. Opponent of Hannibal b. c. 2087
Fabre, Charles Edward. Can. R. C. Archbishop. 1827
Fabre, Louis K. H. Can. journalist and author.. 1834
Fabre, Marie Jacques Joseph Vlctorln. Fr. poet. 1785 1831
Fabre d'figlantine, Philippe F.N. Fr. dr. author 1755 1794
Fabregat, Lino. Mexican Jesuit and scholar 1746 1809
Fabretti, Raffaello. Italian antiquary 16I8 1700
Fabrlano, da. Gentile. Italian painter 1S70 1460
Fabricius. Caum Fabriciua Liitanus. Rom. gen. fl b. c. 280
Fabricius, Johann Albrecht. Ger. «rit.,bibilogr. 1668 1736
Fabricius, Johann Christian. Dan. entomolopst 1748 1808
Fabrizio, Girolamo. ( ia(. Fabricius. ) It. anat. 1637 1619
Fabroni, Angelo. Italian biographer 1732 1808
Fabyan or Fabian, Robert. English chronicler. . 14507 1513
Facciolati or Facclolato,Glaoomo. It. philologist 16827 176»
Faed, John. Scottish artist 1820
Faed, Thomas. Scottish artist 1826
Fagel, Gaspar. Dutch counselor of state 1629 1688
Fagius, Paul. Biieher. German reformer 1504 1549
Fagnanl, Joseph. Italian artist in America 1819 1878
Fagoaga, Francisco. Mcxioan philanthropist 1788 1861
Faguel, Emile. Frenchauthor 1847
Fanlkrantz, Karl J. Sw. landscape painter 1774 1861
Falirenlieit, Gabriel Domlnlk. 0«r. physielst. . . . 1686 17BB
1726
FA HY — FELIX
EOK.N DIED
Folly, Anthony D, Irish R. C. cl. iu America IbW 1S71
Faidhertie, Louis L. C. Fr. general, statesmau... 1S18 1889
Faillon, MicUel Etlenne. Fr. author iu Canada... 1799 1870
Fair, James G. Irish capitalist, states in Am IsSl
Fairbairn, Patrick, D. D. Scot. cl. aud author... 1805 1874
Fairbalrn, William,. Sir. Scottish civil eugineer. 1789 1874
Fairbanks, Eiastus. Am. manuf. and statesman 1792 1861
Fairbanks, Franklin. Am. inventor, statesman.. 1828
Fairbanks, Henry. Am. educator aud inventor.. 1830 ....
Fairbanks, Horace. Am. merchant and statesm. 1820
Fairbanks, Joseph Paddock. Am. lawy'r. merch. 1806 1865
Fairbanks, Tbaddeus. American inventor 1796 1886
Fairchild, Charles S. Am. lawy'r aud Sec. treas. 1842
Fairchild, Herman Le Roy. .\mericau naturalist 1850 ....
Fairchild, James Harris. Am.edu. and author.. 1817
Fairchild, Lucius. Am. statesman and diplomat. 1831 ....
Fairfax, Bryan. Eighth Baron Fairfax 1730 1802
Fairfax, Charles Snowden. Fr. statesman in Am 1829 1869
Fairfax, Donald McNeill. .\m. naval officer 1x22 ...
Fairfax, Edward. English poet aud translator:.. 1580 1635
Fairfax, George \V. Eug. surveyor iu America 1787
Fairfax, John C Physician in America , 18;M
Fairfax, Thoma-s, Lord. Eug. Parliameutarv gen. 1612 1671
Fairfax, Thomas. Lord. Brit, nobleman iu Va. . . 1692 17.92
Fairfield, Francis G. Am. journalist and author. 1844 1887
Fairfield, Genevieve G. American authoress
Fairfield, Jane Frazie. American writer
Fairfield, John. Am. statesman and writer 1797 1847
Falriield, Sumner L. American author 1803 1844
Falrholt, Frederick W. Eng. author and artist. . 1814 1866
Fairlamb, James R. Am. mus.. comp., diplomat. 18^)9
Fairman, David. American engraver 1782 1815
Fairman, Gideon. American engraver 1774 1827
Fairman, Richard, .\merican engraver 1787 1.821
Faithfull, Emily. English philanthropist , 1835
Falthorne, William. Eng. painter and engraver. 1616 1691
Fajardo or Fasardo. See s.iavedka y F.ijardo. Diego.
Fakhr-uddlnMuhammad Razl,lmam. Mus.doc ii.50 1210
Falardean, Antony Sebastian. Canadian artist. . 1822 ...
Falconer, Hugh. Scottish pateoutologist 1808 1865
Falconer, John M. Scot, artist, author in .\m. .. 1820 ...
Falconer, William. Scot, poet aud lexicoTrapher 1732 1769
Falconet, Etienue Maurice. French sculptor... .. 1716 1791
Falcucci, Niccolo. Italian physician aud. writer. 1350? Ull
Fales, Almira L. American philanthropist 1868
Falierl, Marino. Dogaof Venice 1278? 1355
Falk, Paul Ludwig Adalbert. German statesman 1827
Falke, Johannes Frederich G. German historian 1823 1876
Falkland, Lucius C, Viscount. Eng. sec. state. IGio 1643
Falkner, Thomas. Eng. Jesuit miss, to Paraguay 1707 1784
Fallmerayer, Philipp Jakob. German author — 1790 1861
Falloppio, Gabriello. Italian anatomist 1523 1562
Falloux, de, Alfred Pierre, Count. Fr. statesman 1811 1886
Fallows, Samuel. Eng. Ref. Epis. bp. and author 1835 —
Famin, Stanislas Marie C^sar. French publicist. 1799 1853
Fancourt, Samuel. Eng. diss, min., proj. eirc. lib 1678 1708
Fan euil, Peter. Am. merch., foun. F. Hall, Bos.. 1700 1743
Fanfani, Pietro. Italian philologist .1815 1879
Fanni6re, Fraufois A. Fr. engraver and carver.. 1818 ...
Fanni^re, Francois J. Fr. engraver and carver.. . 1822 —
Fanning, Edmund. Am. statesman aud soldier. . 1737 1818
Fanning, John Thomas. Am. civil engineer 1837
Fanshawe, Uichard.Sir. Eng. statesman, poet.. 1608 1666
Fantuzzi, Giovanni of Bologna. Ital. biographer, fl. 1780.
Faraday, Michael. Eng. chemist and naturalist. 1791 1867
Farel, Guillaume, French reformer 1489 1565
Fargo, Charles. Express manager 1831
Fargo, James Congdel. Am. express manager. .. 1829 ..
Fargo, Wm. G. Am. exp. man., mayorof Buffalo.. 1818 1881
Fargues, Thomas. Canadian physician 1780 1847
Faria-y-Sousa, de, Manoel. Port, historian 1590 1649
Faribault, George B. Canadian antiquarian 1789 1866
Faribault, John Baptist. Canadian pioneer 1769 1860
Farinacci or Farinaccio, Prospero. Ital. jurist.. 1654 1613
Farinato, Paolo. Italian painter 1525 1606
Farlnelli, Carlo. Carlo Brosriii. Neapolitan singer 1706 1782
Farini, Carlo Luigi. Ital. statesman and writer.. 1822? 1866
Farley, Harriet. Am. jonrimlist and authoress... 1815 ....
Farley, James Thompson. .Vmerican statesman.. 1829 —
Farley, Michael, .\merican statesman. 1719 1789
Farlinger, .A.lexander. Canadian laud-owner — 1824
Farlow, William Gilson. American botanist 1844
Farman, Elhert Eli. American jurist 18.31 ...
Farmer, Ferdinand. German Jesuit in America. 1720 1786
Farmer, George Edgar. American soldier 1840 1870
Farmer, Henry Tudor. Eug. phys. and poet in Am. 1782 1828
Farmer, Jobu, Am. cartographer and publisher. 1798 1859
Farmer, John W. American philanthropist 1819 1869
Farmer, John. American genealogist and author 1789 1838
Farmer, George Edgar. Lieut.-Col., U. S. Vols... 1840 1870
Farnaby, Thomas. Eng. schoolmaster and auth.. 1575? 1647
Farnam, Charles Henry. .Vm. arch^ol. aud w'r. . 1846
Farnam, Henrv. American philanthropist 1803 1883
Farnam, Henrv Walcott. .\m. edu. and writer. .. 18.53 —
Farnese, Allessaudro. Duke of Parma 1546 1592
Faruham, Eliza Woodson. .\m. philanthropist. .. 1815 1864
Farnham, Horace Putnam. Am. phys., beuefact'r 1822 1886
Farnham, Luther. Am. clergyman aud writer. . isii; —
Farnham, Ro.swell. Am. soldier aud statesman.. 1827 —
BOP.N DIED
Farnnam, Thomas Jefferson, Am. lawy'r, author LUii 1&18
Farnsworth, Benjamin Franklin. Am. educator 17i<3 1851
Farnsworth, John Franklin. Can. lawy'r, sold'r 1820 ....
Farnsworth, Joseph Downing. Am. phys., jurist 1780 IBS'?
Farnsworth, Philo Judson. Am.phys.aud writer 1832
Farochon, Jean B. E. French artist 1807 1871
Farquhar, George. Irish comic dramatist 1678 1707
Farquhar, von Norman H. American naval offi. 1840
Farr, William. Eng. medical statistician 1807 1883
Farragut, David Glasgow. American admiral. .. 1801 1870
Farrar, Eliza Ware. Flemish authoress 1791 1870
Farrar, Frederick W.. D. D. F. R. S Eng. clerg. . 1831
Farrar, John. American nuithematfcian 1779 1853
Farrar, Henry. English artist in .-imerica IM.-;
Farrar, Samuel. American lawver 1784 1864
Farrar, Thomas C. Eng. artist in America .1838
Farrar, Timothy. .American jurist 1747 1849
Farrar, Timothy, Jr. .\merican jurist and writer 1788 1874
Farrell, John P. Canadian R. C. bishop 1873
Farrell, Thomas. Irish R. C. clerg., bene, in Am 1880
Farrer, Edward. Irish journalist in Canada 1850
Farringtou, William G. Am. clerg. and writer.. 1832
Farrow, Samuel. Am. lawver and soldier 1759 1824
Farwell, Charles B. Am. siirv. and statesman.. .. 1823
Farwell, John Villiers. American merchant.. . . 18'25
Farwell, Nathan .\. .\m. lawyer and statesman.. 1812
Farwell, Samuel. American contractor 1800 1875
Farwharson. Scot, mathematician in Russia ... 1739
Fasquelle, Jean L. Auth. ot .\m. Fr. textbooks.. 1808 1862
Fasset, Cornelia Adele. American artist 1831 ....
Fatima. Only daughter of Mohammed 606? 632
Fatio de Duiller, Nicholas. Swiss geometer 1664 1753
Fauche, Hippolyte. French Sanskrit scholar 1797 1869
Faucher, Julius. Ger. political economist 1820 1878
Faucher, Leon. French political economist 1803 1854
Faucher, de, Saiut Maurice. Canadian author... 1S44
Fauchet. Jean Antoine J., Baron. Fr. diplomat... 1763
Faucit, Helen. English actress 1816
Faud, .Mehmed Pasha. Turk, statesman, author.. 1814 1869
Faugere, .■\.rmand Prosper. French litti5rateur. . . 1810 1838
Faujas de Saint Fond, Barth. Fr. geol., traveler 1741 1819
Faulkner, Charles J. Am. statesman, diplomat.. 1806 li^
Faulkner, Charles J. Am. lawer and statesman.. 1840
Faunce, Daniel W. Am. Baptist cl. aud writer. ... 1829
Fauntleroy, .-irchibald. Am. physician, writer .. 1837 1886
Fauques, de, Marianne Agnes. French novelist. 1720 1778?
Fauquier, Francis. Colonial governor of Virginia 1720 1768
Fauriel, Claude Charles. Fr. critic aud historian 1772 1844
Faust or Faustus. Johann, Dr. Ger. necromancer fl. 16th. c.
Faust or Fust, Johaun. German goldsmith 1466
Fauveau, de, Fi'licie, Mile. Fr. female sculptor. 1803 —
Favart, Marie Justine B. du R. French actress.. 1727 1772
Faville, Oran. American statesman and editor. . 1817 1872
Favre, Claude C. J. Fr. advocate and politician. 1809 1880
Favre. Jules Claude Gabriel. French statesman. 1809 1880
Fawcett, Edgar. American author 1847 ...
Fawcett, Henry. Eng. political economist, auth. 1833 1884
Fawcett, Philippa Garrett. English scholar 1868 —
Fawkes, Guv. English conspirator 1570 1606
Fawsitt, -iniv. Miss. Actress 1836 1876
Faxon, Henry W. American journalist, writer. . 1830 1864
Fay, FrancisBall. -\mericau statesman, benefac 1793 1876
Fay, Jonas, .\merican physician and statesman.. 1737 1818
Fay, Joseph. German painter 1813 1873
Fay, Theodore Sedgwick. American author 1S07
Faye, Herv^ Auguste. French astronomer 1814
Fayolle, Francois J. M. Fr. poet and musician... 1774 1852
Fayrer, Joseph, Sir. English physician 1824
Fazy, Jean James. Swiss statesman 1794 1878
Fea, Carlo. Italian antiquary aud writer. 1753 1834
Fearing, .-Albert. Am. statesman and philan 1798 1875
Fearne, Charles. English jurist 1742 1794
Fearon, Henrv B. Eug. phys. and traveler in .\m. 1770
Featherston.'WiiitieldScott. .\ni. sold. and jurist 1821 ...
Featherstonhaugh, George W. Am.trav.andgeol. 1780 1866
Febiger, Christian. Danish soldier in America. . 1746 1796
Febiger, John Carson. American naval officer. .. 1821
Fechner, Gustav Theodor. German naturalist. . . 1801 1887
Fechter, I'harles Albert. French and Eng. actor. 1824 1879
Feckenham, de, John. English R. C. theologian. 1518? 1585
Federlci, Camilio. Italian dramatist 1749 1802
Federmann, NichoKas. Swabian trav. and writer 1501 1550
Fedor. See Feodor.
Fee, Antoine Laurent Appolinaire. Fr. naturalist 1789 1874
Feehan, Patrick A. Irish R. C. archbishop iu Am. 18-29
Feiio PioKO .\utonio. Brazilian statesman 1784 1843
Feinlnger, KarMVm.F. Ger.mus.andcomp.inAm. 1844 ....
Feitama, Sibrand. Dutch poet and litterateur 1694 1758
Feith, Rhijnvis. Dutch dramatic poet 1753 1824
Feke, Robert. American artist 1725 1769
Felch Alpheus. American jurist and statesman. 1806 —
Feldef, John Myers. Am. lawyer and soldier 1782 18.51
Ffeletz, de, Charles Marie D.,Abbi'. French critic 1767 1850
Ffeliblen des Avaux, Andre. Fr. arch, and w riter 1619 1695
Felice, Fortunato Bartolommeo. Italian author. 1723 1789
Felice, de, Guillaume. D, D. Fr, author and prof 1803 1871
Felipe or Felipillo. Peruvian Indian 1508 1535
Ffelix, Celestin J. Fr. preacher, controversialist.. 1810
Felix, Louis. Baron. Fr. dijilomat and author — 1795 1836
FELLENBER G— F I N L E Y
1727
BOKN DIED
Fellenberg, von. Philippe E. Swiss indiist. edu 1771 1S44
Feller, Heuriftta. Swiss miss, and edu. in Can. . 178S ISliS
Fellows, Charles, Sir. Eug. arcbEeologist, traveler 1799 1860
Fellows, Joliu. Amerieau author 1760 1&44
Fell, Joseph Barlow. Am. antiquarian and author 17N9 1869
Felton, Cornelius C. Am. author, prof, of Greek 1807 1862
Felton, John Brooks. Am. lawyer and statesman 18"27 1877
Felton, Samuel Morse. Aiiierican civil engineer. 1809
Feltre, de. Due. See Ci..*eke, H. J. G.
Fendail, Josias. Colonial governor of Maryland
Fendall, Philip Ricard. American lawyer 1794 1868
Fendler, .\ugust. Ger. botanist and auth. in Am 1S13 1883
F6nelon, Francois de S. de LaM. Abp. of Camb.. 1651 1715
Fenn, Henry. English artist in America 1838
Fenuell, James. Eug. actor and educator in .\ni. 1766 1816
Fenner, Cornelius G. Am. clergyman and poet.. lS*.i2 1&47
Fenno, William .\ugustus. American actor 1814 1873
Fenouillet, de, Emlle. Canadian edu., author... 1806 1859
Fenton, Edward. English navigator 1550? 1603
Fenton, Elijah. English poet 1083 1730
Fenton, Reuben E. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1819 1885
Fenton, U'illiam M. Am. lawyer and soldier 1808 1871
Fenwick, Benedict J. American K. C. bishop — 1782 1846
Fenwick, Cuthbert. Eng. statesman in America. . . . 1655
Fenwick, Edward D. American R. C. bishop.... 1768 1832
Fenwick, George. English colonist in America.. 1603? 1(>57
Fenwick, John. English colonist 1618 1683
Fenwick, John, Sir. English conspirator 1645 1697
Fenwick, Kennith Neander. Can. phys. and edu. 1852
Fenyes, Elek. Hung, geographer and author 1807 —
Feodor I., Ivanovitch. Czar of Russia 1557 1598
Feodor III. , Alexievitch. Czar of Russia 1661 1682
Ferdinand I. ■■-;>. Fernando. Emperor of Ger... 1.503 1561
Ferdinand II. Emp.of Ger.,k'gof Hun.andBohem. 1578 1637
Ferdinand II. King of the Two Sicilies. Bombn.. 1810 1859
Ferdinand I. TheGrad. K. of Castile, Leon.Galicia 1000? 1065
Ferdinand V. of Castile. Founder of Sp. monarchy 1452 1516
Ferdinand I. Es-emperor of .\ustria 1793 1875
Ferguson, Adam. Scottish philosopher 1723 1816
Ferguson, Adam. Scot, states, and agricul. in Can. 1783 1.S02
Ferguson, Adam Johnston. Scot, states, in Can.. 1815 1867
Ferguson, Colin. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1751 1806
Ferguson, Donald. Can. statesman and writer.- . 1S39 .,,.
Ferguson, Elizabeth. Am. auth. and translator . 1739 ISOl
Ferguson, James. Scot, mechanician and astron. 1710 1776
Ferguson, James. Scot. civ. eng,. astron. in .\m.. 1797 1867
Ferguson, John Young. .\m. translator and sold
Ferguson, Patrick. English soldier in America.. 1744 1780
Ferguson, Patrick. Major. British ofBcer in .A.m.. 1744 1780
Ferguson, Samuel. Sir. Poet and Celtic scholar. 1810 1886
Ferguson, Samuel David. Am. P. E. bishop 1842
Fergusson, James. Scottish architect. 1808 18S6
Feria, Pedro. Mexican K. C. bishop and writer.. 1524 1588
Ferishtah. Vrop. Muhammul Kunim. Pers. hist.. 1570? 1623?
Ferland, Jean .\ntou B. Canadian historian .... 1805 1865
Fermat, de, Pierre. French geometrician, poet.. 1601 1665
Fernald, Charles H. .-Vm. naturalist, educator... 1838
Fernald, Merritt C. Am. scientist, educator 18;^ ....
Fernandes, Piuheiro J. F. Brazilian statesman.. 1774 1847
Fernandes-Sardinha, Pedro. Braz. R. C. bishop 1497 1556
Fernandez, de, Pedro Antonio. Viceroy of Peru. 16.34 1672
Fernandez, de, Piedrahita L. S. -Am. historian.. 1624 1688
Fernandez, Diego. Sp. soldier and historian 1530 1.581
Fernandez, Diniz. Portuguese navigator fl 1446?
Fernandez, Juan. Sp. navigator, di.scoverer 1526 1.576
Fernandez, Lizard! Jose Joaquin. Mex. author.. 1771 1827
Fernandez, Madrid Jose. S. .\m. author 1789 1.S29
Fernandez, Madrid Pedro. Cuban author 1817 1875
Fernandez-pena, y Angulo Juan .\.I. Yen. abp. 1781 1849
Fernandez, Prospero. Costa Rican president — 1834 1885
Fernel, Jean. The Mo'len Galen. Fr. phys.. writer 1497 1.5,58
Fernkorn, Anton Dominik. German sculptor 1813 1878
Fernow, Berthold. Prus. sold, and auth. in Am. 1S.37
Ferracino, Bartolommeo. Italian mechanician. 1692 1777
Ferrand, Antoiue F. C. Count. French author. . 17.51 1825
Ferrand, Marie L., Baron and Count. Gov. S. Do 1753 1808
Ferrara, Francesco. Ital. political economist 1810
Ferrari, Giusei)pe. Italian philosophical writer. 1812 1876
Ferrari, Luigi. Italian sculptor 1810 ....
Ferre, Thtophile Charles. Communist leader 1S4G l,'i71
Ferreira, -A-utonio. Portuguese poet 1.52S 1.569
Ferreira, .\lexandre. Brazilian trav. and writer. 17.56 1815
Ferreira, AraujoG.Manoel. Braz.sold and editor 1777 1838
Ferrel, William. American scientist and author. 1S17 —
Ferrelo or Ferrer, Bart61ome. Spanish navigator 1499 1.550
Ferrer-Maldonaao, Lorenzo. Spanish navigator
Ferrer, Rafael. Spanish missionary and writer.. 1,570 1611
Ferrer, Yentura P. Cuban financier and author. 1772 1857
Ferreras, de, Juan. Spanish historian 16,52 17:55
Ferreyros, Manuel B. Peruvian states., bibliog'r 1793 1872
Ferrier, James. Scot, statesman in Canada 1800
Ferrier, David. Eng. professor of medicine 1313 ....
Ferrier, James F. Scottish metaphysician 1808 1864
Fcrriere, de, Claude. French jurist 1639 1714
Feinris, Benjamin. American author 1867 ....
Ferris, Isaac. .\m. edu. and reform D. clergyman 1798 1873
Ferris, John M. Am. reform D. cl. and editor. . . 1825
Ferry, Jules Francois Camille. French politician. 1832 ....
Ferry, Orris Sanford. Am. states, and soldier 1823 1875
BORN DIED
Ferry, Thomas White. Am. states, and traveler . 1827
Ferry William M. American cl. and benefactor.. 1796 1867
Fersen, von, .\xel. Count. Swedish held marshal 1756 1810
Fessenden, Samuel. Am states., philanthropist. 1784 1869
Fessenden, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman
Fessenden, Samuel C. Am. editor, statesman 1815 1881
Fessenden, Thomas. Am. clergyman, author 1739 181$
Fessenden, Thomas A. D. .\m. lawyer. statesman 1826 1868
Fessenden, Thomas Green. American author 1771 1837
Fessenden, William Pitt. American statesman. , 1806 1869
Fessler, Joseph. Austrian prelate 1813 1872
Fessler, Ign;\c Aurelius. Hungarian author 1756 1839
Feti, Domenico. Italian painter 1589 1624
Fetis, Franvois Joseph. Belgian composer 1784 1871
Feuerbach, Ludwig .\ndreas. Ger. philosopher 1804 1872
Feuerbach, Paul Johaun Auselm. German jurist 1775 1833
Feuillet, Louis E. Fr. exjtl.. scientist, author 1660 1732
Feuillet, Octave. French writer 1821 1890
Few, William. American soldier. statesman 1748 1828
Feyjob y Montenegro, Benito J. Sp. crit., moral. 1676 1764
F6val, Paul Henry Corentin. French novelist. . I,si7 1887
Feydeau, Ernest Aime. French author 1821 1873
Ficbte, Immauuel Hermann. Ger. ]ihilosopher . 1797 1879
Fichte, Johaun Gottlieb. Ger. metaphysician. . . 1762 1814
Ficino, Marsilio. Italian Platonic philosopher... 1433 1499
Fick, Adolf. Cierman physiologist 1829
Fick, August. Gernuin philologist 1833
Ficklin, Joseph. Am. mathematician and author 1833
Field ,Archelaus G. American physician 1829 ....
Field, Benjamin. American statesman 1816 1876
Field, Benjamin H. American philanthropist — 1814 ....
Field, Cyrus W. Am. mere. Org. of Atl. Tel. Co.. 1819
Field, David Dudley. American jurist 1805
Field, George Chemist and writer 1854
Field, Henry M. Am. Presby. cl., editor, author. 1822
Field, Henry M. Mrs. Artist, conversationalist 1875
Field, Henry Martyn. Am. physician and writer. 1837
Field, James Gaveu. American lawyer 1826
Field, Jonathan Edwards. American lawyer 1813 1868
Field, Joseph M. English actor and author 18i0 1856
Field, Kate. American lecturer and authoress... 1840
Field, Martin. Am. geologist and mineralogist .. 1773 1833
Field, Maunsell Bradhurst. Am.jurist and states. 1822 1875
Field, Nathaniel. Am. phys., clergy, and author.. 1.^05 1.S88
Field, Richard Stockton. Am. jurist and states'n 1803 1870
Field, Samuel. American philanthropist 1823
Field, Stephen Johnson. Am. jurist and educator 1816
Field, Thomas W. Am. scientist and author 1820 1881
Field, William Hildreth. American lawyer 1843 —
Fielding, Antony Yandyke C. Eng. Idsc. painter. 1787 1855
Fielding, Henry. English novelist 1707 17.54
Fielding, William Stevens. Can. journ. and states. 184.S .. .
Fields, James T. American publisher and auth . 1817 1881
Fiennes, ^^illiam, L'd Say and Sele. Eng. states ''582 1662
Fieschi, Joseph Marie. Corsican conspirator 1790 1836
Fiesco, Gio\anni Luigi, Ct. of Lavagana. Gen. con 1523? 1547
Fiesole, da, Frate G. A. Italian painter. ... 1387 1455
Fifevep, Joseph. French litterateur . ., 1767 1839
Figueira, Luiz. Portuguese missionary 1585 1643
Figueroa, de, Francisco. The Divine. Sp. poet... .,540 1620
Figueroa, Francisco. Mexican historian.. 17,so 1800
Figueroa, Francisco. A. de. Uruguayan poet 1791 1862
Figuier, Guillaume L. French scientific writer.. 1819 ...
Figureas y Moacas, Estanislao. Spanish states'n 1819 1S82
Filangieri, Ciaetano. Italian publicist 1752 1788
Filelfo, Francesco. Italian philologist and poet. . 1398 i483
Filicaja, da, Yincenzo. Florentine poet 1642 170?
Fillebrown, Thomas Scott. .\m. naval officer — 1834 1884
Fillmore, Millard. Thirteenth Pres. of the U S. . 1800 18V4
Filon, Pierre Marie Augustine. French author.. . 1841 —
Filson, John. American explorer 1747 1788
Finch, Heneage, first earl Nottingham, Eng. states 1621 1682
Finch, Francis Miles. .\m. jurist and poet 1827
Finck, Henry Theophilus. American journalist.. 18!>4
Findlay, James. American statesman, soldier.. . 1775 1835
Findlay, John Yan Lear. Am. lawyer, statesm'n 1839 —
Findlay, John King. Am. jurist and educator — 1803 1885
Findlay, William. Am. statesman, treas. of mint 1768 1846
Findley, Samuel. Am. clergyman and writer 1818 —
Findley, Thomas Maskell. Am. Presby. cl., edu. . 1847
Findley, William. Irish statesman in America... 1750 1821
Findley, William Thornton. Am. clergyman 1814 .. .
Fine, John. American jurist and writer ...1794 1867
Fine, Oronce. Fr. mathematician, mechanician.. 1494 1.5.55
Fingal. Leg. prince of Morven in anc. Caledonia 283?
Fink, Albert. Ger. civil engineer in America 1827 —
Fink, Frederick. American artist 1.817 1849
Fink, Michael. Bav. R. C. bishop in .\merica 1.834 —
Finlay, George. Scottish historian of Greece 1799 1875
Finley, Clement Alex. American Surgeon 1797 1879
Finley, James Bradley. American cl. and author 1781 1856
Finley, Jesse Johnson. Am jurist, statesman 1812 ....
Finley, John, .\merican statesman and poet. . . 1797 1866
Finley, John P. American cl. and educator 1783 1825
Finley, Martlui. Am. educator and authoress — 1828
Finley, Robert. Am. clergyman and writer 1772 1S17
Finley, Robert S. Am. clergyman, educator 1804 1860
Finley, Robert W. .\m. clergyman, educator — 1750 18,50
Finley, Samuel. Am. clergyman and educator... 1715 1766
1728
INN — FLOYD
BOKN DIED
Finn, Henry J. American actor ... .............. 1785? 1840
Ftoney. Charles G. Aiji. prea. Pres. Oberlm Col. 1792 lb/5
Finotte, Joseph M. Italian Jesuit aud author. ... lt)17 lS/9
Flnscll Fiiedrich Hermauu Otto. Ger. naturalist lSi9
Florelli, Giuseppe. Neapolitan archa.-ologi6t Ib23 ^^
Fiorentino, I'ier-Angelo. Italian author IbOb 18a4
Florillo, .lohauu D. Ger. pamter, art writer l/-i» 1»^1
Firaausi Tusi. Commonly FirduBi. Persian poet 940? 1020
Flranzuola, Aguolo. Italian poet.. . ...... ,.^... 149* lj>45
FiT'.iOWlt,scn, Abraham. Jewish archaeologist... l/bb lb/4
Firm, Joseph I.. American inventor 1W7 ....
Firman, Giles. Euglisli author..^ ...^ lolo 1697
Firmin, Thomas. English philanthropist.... .... 1032 1697
Fischart Johauu. Mcidzer. German satirist — lo4o.' l»»y
Fischer von Erlachen. Johanu B,, B Ger. archl. 1660 1724
Fischer von Waldheim, Gottheli. Russ. natur, . 1771 1853
Fischer, Ernst KuQO Herthold. Ger. philosopher 1824 _^
Fish, Asa Israel. American lawyer aud author. . . Ib20 1879
Fish BeniamiB. Am. engineer aud statesman. .. 1/bo IbbU
Fish' Hamilton. Am. statesman and Sec. of State 1808 ^^
Fish, Henry Clay. Am. clergyman and author. . . 1820 1877
Fish, Melanthon W. Am. physician and diplomat 1828 ....
Fish, Nicholas. American diplomat. 1846 ....
FishWn, William. American sold r, statesman. l^iOO 1819
Fisher, Alban. American artist... .... ....1/92 ibwj
Fisher, Alexander Metcalf. American educator.. 1794 1822
Fisher, Charles. Canadian statesman.. ........ isos 18»0
Fisher Charles Harris. Am. phys., pub. oac r.. . 1822 ....
Fisher, Clara. English actress in America, .. ..^_ 1811 .^
Fisher David. Am. statesm'n and philanthropist 1/94 1886
Fisher, Ebeuezer. Am. clergyman and educator. 1815 i8/a
Fisher George Jaclison. Am. phys. and author . Ibto ....
Fisher, George Park. Am. theologian and author 182,
Fisher, John. English bishop. . ■ • ■ l^^ JJiS
Fisher, John Chariton. Kng. journ. lu Canada. .. ^^. 1849
Fisher, John Dix. Am. physician and writer. ... 1799 1850
Fisher, Jonathan. Am. clergyman and inventor. 1/68 1817
Fisher, Joshua. Am phys. and philanthropist... 1748 1833
Fisher Joshua F. Am. historian and author 1807 1873
Fisher! Michael Montgomery. Am. edu., author. 1834 ....
Fisher, Nathaniel. American clergyman. 1742 1812
Fisher, Redwood 8. Am. statisticiau, author 1782 18o6
Fisher, SHmm-1 Keed. American cl. and writer. .. 1810 1881
Fisher, Samuel Sparks. Am. lawyer and soldier. lo32 1874
Fisher, Samuel Ware. American cl. and writer. .. 1814 1874
Fisher, Theodore W. Am. physician and vwiter.. 1837 ...
Fisher Thomas. American author IbOl 1866
Fisher, William laark. American artist ...^ 1841 .
Fisk dlin'on B. Am. lawyer, prohibitionist 1828 1890
Fist' Ezra. American Presbyterian clergyman.. . 1785 1833
Fisk, Fidelia. American missionary and writer.. 1816 1864
FiskI James. American jurist 1763 1844
Fisk Pliny. American missionary 1/a^ i82o
Fisk Wilbur. First Pres. Wosleyan Univ., Conn. 1792 1839
Fiske, Daniel W, Am. linguist and diplomat 1831 ....
Fiske, John. American naval oflicer 1744 1797
Fiske, John. American philosopher, historian, .. 1842 ._..
Fiske Nathan. American clergyman and author. 1/33 1/99
Fiske, Nathan W. Am. educator and author, .... 1/98 1847
Fiske Oliver. American physician and scholar. . 1/62 1836
Fitch, Asa. Amerioaunaturalist,^, ,,,,.. 1809 lS/9
Fitch, Beniamin. American philanthropist Ib02 1883
Fitch, Ebeuezer. Am. Presby. clergyman, edu, ,. l/o6 1833
Fitch, Eleazer Thompson. Am. educator, writer. 1/91 lb71
Fitch, Elijah. American, clergyman and poet. .. 174o 1/88
Fitch, Graham Newell, Am. statesman, soldier. . Is09 ...
Fitch, James. English clergyman iu America. .. 1622 1702
Fitch, John. American inventor 1/43 i/ys
Fitch, John Lee. American artist 1836 ._ .
Fitch, Leroy. American naval officer ,,.. 18ijo 1875
Fitch, Samuel. American lawyer aud loyalist. ... 1/20 1/86
Fitch, Simon. Nova Scotian surgeon, inventor.. . 1820 ...
Fitch, Thomas. American statesman 1699 1/74
Fitch, Thomas Davis. Am. physician, and writer 1829 . . ._
Fitton, James. American R. C. clergyman 1803 1881
Fitz Henry. Am. inveutor and manufacturer 1808 1863
Fitzgerald, Edward, Lord. Irish revolutionist. . 1703 1798
Fitzgerald, Edward. Eng. poet and translator.. . 1809 1883
Fitzgerald, Edward. Irish B. C. bishop in Am. . . 1833 ....
Fitzgerald, Percy Hethrington. Irish writer 18.i4 ....
Fitzgerald, Thomas. Editor Philadelphia /(cm.. 1819 1891
Fitzgarald, Thomas. Am. jurist and statesman.. 179G 185.-)
Fitzgibhon, James. Am. soldier and statesman, . 1780 1860
FitzSerhert, Anthony, Sir. English jurist. ^ ,,. 14/0 1538
Fitzherbert, Maria A. Wife of George IV. of Eng l/.:>6 1837
Fitzhugh, Edward Ucury. American jurist 1816 _^^_
Fitzhugh, George. Am. lawyer and sociologist. .. 1807 18-81
Fitzhugh, Willi.ira. Eng. lawyer in Amemca.... . 16ol 1701
Fitzhugh, William H. Am. philanthropist, writer 1792 18.30
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin. American statesmau. .. . 1802 1869
FltZDatriCk, John B. American R. C bishop.. ... 1812 1866
Fitzroy Robert. Eng. vice admiral, meteorolog st IbOS 186.-)
Fitzsimmons, Thomas. Irish statesman in Am . 1741 1811
Flzeau, Hippolyte Louis. French physicist ..... 1819 __
Flacius myriQius, Matthias. Ger. Prot. theologn 1.S20 1575
Flacourt, de, Etienue. Fr. cx)nidr at Madagascar. 1007 1660
Flaget, Benedict J. Fr. R. C. bishop in America. 17^ 18.50
Flagg Azariah C. .\m. statesman aud writer 1790 1873
Flagg', Edmund. American author 1815 .
BOBN
Flagg, George Whiting. American artist 1816
Flagg, Henry Collins. American lawyer 1792
Flagg, Isaac. American educator and author.... 1843
Flagg, John F. B. Am. phys. edu. aud author 1804
Flagg! Jared Bradley. American artist 1820
Flagg, Willard Cutting. Am. agricul. and editor. 1829
Flagg, Wilson. American naturalist 1805
Flahaut, delaBUlarderie, Auguste C. J., Count 1786
Flaminio, .Murcuutonio. Italian Latin poet 1498
Flammarion, Camille. French astronomer 1842
Flamsteed, John. First Eng astronomer royal.. 1016
Flanaghan, James Wiuright. Am. lawy'r. states. 1805 .
Flanaghan, Webster. Am. lawyer and statesman 1832
Flanders, Benjamin F. Am. statesm'n and editor 1816
Flanders, Henrv. .American lawyer and author. 1826
Flandin, Eugene N. Fr. painter and archteol — 1809
Flandrau, Charles Eugene. Am. sailor, jurist — 1828
Flandrau, Thomas JIueomb. Am. physician 1826
Flandrin, Jean Hippolyte. Fr. historical painter 1809
Flash, Henrv L. American soldier and poet — 1835
Flasch, Kilian. Bavarian R. C. bishop in Am — 1831
Flauhert, Gubtav. French novelist 1821
Flavel, John. Eng. Nonconformist, divine, au — 1630/
Flaxman, John. English sculptor 1755
F16chier, Esprit. French pulpit orator 16o2
Fleet, Thomas, English printer , 1685
Fleetwood, Charles. Eug. Parliamentary general —
Fleischer, Hoiurich Leberecht. Ger. orientalist. 1801
Fleming, John. Scottish naturalist 1785
Fleming, Michael. Irish R. C. bishop In Canada. 1785
Fleming, Paul. German poet 1609
Fleming, SanUford. Scottish engineer iu Canada 1827
Flemin'', VVilliam. Am. jurist aud statesman — 1734
Fleming, William Mavbury. American actor 1817
Fletcher, .^lice Cunningham. Am. ethnologist... 1845
Fletcher, .Andrew. Scottish author 1655
Fletcher, .'^saph. American statesman 1746
Fletcher Horace. Am. Bapt. cl. and lawyer. ...... 1796
Fletcher, James Cooley. Am. miss., naturalist. .. 1823
Fletcher, John. Eng. dram, author and poet 1579
Fletcher, John. English jurist in Conada 1787
Fletcher, John Wm. Swiss diviue in England — 1729
Fletcher, Julia Constance. American authoress. 1860
Fletcher, P'ichard. Am. statesman, benefactor. . 1788
Fletcher, Uvlaud. American statesman 1799
Fletcher, Thomas Clement. Am. statesman, sold 1827
Fletcher, William A. American jurist, ,, ....... ■■■^■^
Fletcher William B. Am. statesman aud writer. 1837
Fleurieu! de, Charles P. C, Count. Fr. states.. 1738
Fleury , Claude Abb6. French author 1640
Fleury, Emile Felix. French general 1815
Fleury de, Ernest, Baron de Lisle. Fr. traveler
Fleury de Andre, Hercule, C. Fr. statesman.... 1653
Flinn, Andrew. Am. Presby. clergyman, edu . . . 1773
FUckinger, Daniel K. Am. bishop of the U. B. . . . 1824
Fliedner, Theodor. Germau philanthropist ISOO
Flint Abel. American clergyman and author — 1765
Flint' Austin. Am. phvsiclau and med. writer. . . 1812
Flint' Austin, Jr. Am. phvsician and med. writer 1836
Flint! Billa. American statesman in Canada, . , , 1805
Flint! Charles Louis. Am. agriculturist and auth. 1824
Flint, Henrv. American educator. , , 16/5
Flint, Henry Martyn. American author ..... 1829
Flint Jacob. American clergyman and historian 1767
Flint' John James B. Can. lawyer and philan . 1838
Flint Josh\ia Barker. Am. statesman and author 1801
Flint' Micah P. American lawyer and poet 1807
Flint! Timothy. Am. clergyman and author.. 1/80
Flocon "Ferdinand. Fr. publicist and novelist.. . 1800
Flohr, George Daniel. Ger. clergyman in Am 17o9
Flood, Henry. Irish orator and writer _ , . . . 1/32
Flood James Clair. Irish capitalist m America. . 1825
Florence Thomas Birch. American statesman... 1812
Florence, William Jermyn. American actor 1831
Florencia, Fraucisco. Am. Jesuit aud author.... 1620
Flores-Alatorre.Juan Jose. Mexican lawyer.... 1/66
Flores, Antonio. S. Am. diplomat and author. . . . 1833
Flores, Jose. Mexican physician and author 1/30
Flores, Juan Jose. Venezuelan soldier isou
Flores, Vernancio. Uruguayan soldier. I8ua
Florez Francisco H. Sp. monk and historian. .. . 1^01
Florian, de, Jean Pierre Claris. French author. . 1/55
Florida-Blanca, Jose, Count. Sp. St.. pol. econ
Florio John. The B>-snlutr. Eng. grammarian.
Floris, Corneille. Flemish painter
Flotow, von, Friedrich, F. A. Ct. Ger. mus. com.
Flourens, Mario Jean Pierre. Fr. physiologist..
Flournoy, Thomas S. Am. lawyer, statesman. .
Flower, Frank .\bial. Am. statesman, author. .
Flower George. Eng. colonist, author in Am.
Flower, Roswell Pettabone. Am. states., benef.. . --_-
Flower, William Henry. English zoologist 1831
Flowers, Samuel B. Am. physician, writer 1835
Floy James. American clergyman and editor... . IbUb
Flovi, John. American statesman 1//0
Flovd John Buchanan. American statesman.... 1807
Floyd- Jones, David R. American lawyer, states n 1813
Floyd-Jones, Henry. American statesman 1/92
Floyd Richard. Welsh colonist m America 1620
DIED
1863
i872
1729
1653?
1518
1812
1794
1811
1854
1780
1835
1878
1884
1870
1550
1719
1876
1864
1880
1691
1826
1710
1758
1692
1888
1857
1850
1640
i824
1866
1716
1839
1871
1625
1844
1785
i869
1885
1855
isio
1723
1884
1867
1743
1820
1864
1825
1886
1760
1868
1835
is&i
1830
1840
1866
1826
1791
1875
1695
18M
i795
1864
1868
1773
1794
1808
1625
1575
1883
1867
1883
1863
1863
1837
1863
1871
1862
1690
F L 0 Y D — F 0 U C A U L D
1729
BORN
Floyd, Richard. Am. statesman and soldier 1661
Floyd, Richard. Am. statesman aud soldier 17U3
Floyd, Richard. Am. statesman and soldier 1736
Floyd, William. Siprnerol Dec. of Independence 1734
Flilsel, Gustav LebeVecht. German orientalist.. lKi2
Fliigel, Johann Gottfried. German lexicographer 1788
Flusser, Charles \V. American naval olhcer 1833
Flynn, Edmund James. Canadian statesman.... 1M7
Fobes, Perez. American educator 1742
Footer, Jean. Flemish monk and author 1501
Fogarasy, Jiinos. Hungarian philologist 1801
Fogelberg, Bengt Erland. Swedish sculptor 1786
Fogg, George G. Am. statesman and benefactor. 1815
Foggini, PietroF. It.archreoL.chf. lib. of Vatican 1713
Foglietta, Uberto. Italian historian 1518
Folard, de, Jean Chas. Fr. tactician and ^Ya^^io^ 1669
Foley, John Samuel. American R. C. bishop 1833
Foley, John Henry. British sculptor 1818
Foley, Margaret E. .American artist 1877
Foley, Thomas. American R. C. bishop 1823
Foley, Thomas, Sir. English admiral 1757
Folger, Charles James. American jurist 1818
Folger, Peleg. American sailor and writer 1733
Folger, Peter. English colouist in America 1617
Folger, Walter. American jurist and author 1765
Follen, Charles Theodore C. Ger. scholar in Am. 1795
FoUen, Eliza Lee cabot. American author 17S7
FoUet, David Lyman. American jurist 1836
Folsom, Abby. Eng. reformer and lecturer 1792
Folsom, Charles. Am. diplomat and editor 1794
Folsom, Charles Follen. Am. phys. and writer. .. 1842
Folsom, Charles William. Am. eng. and soldier.. 1826
Folsom, George. Am. antiquarian and writer 1S02
Folsom, Nathaniel Smith. Am. cl. and editor 1806
Folsom, Norton. Am. physician and inventor 1842
Folsom, Susannah Sarah. " Am. editress, authoress ..-.
Foltz, Clara Shortridge. .-Vm. lawyer, lecturer... 1.S49
Foltz, Jonathan 51^ Am. surgeon and writer 1810
Foltz, von, Phillip German painter IsOo
Folwell, William W. Am. educator and writer.. . 1833
Folz or Volz, Hans. Ger poet. Protestant reform'r 1470?
Fonblanque, Albany Wm. Eng. journalist 1793
Fonblanque, John de Grenier. Euglish lawyer. . 1760
Fonerden, John. Am. phys. and philanthropist.. 1^4
Fonfrfede, Jean Baptiste B. French politician — 1766
Fonseca, Juan Rodriguez. Spanish archbishop.. 1451
Fonseca, da, Deddoro. Gen'l Prov. Pres. Brazil
Fonseca, de, Eleonore P., Mar. Neapolitan martyr 1768
Fontaine, .\le5is. French geometer 1705?
Fontaine, Jean de la. See La Fost.iise.
Fontaine, Pierre Fran(;oi3 L. French architect.. 1762
Fontana, Domenico. Ital. eng. and architect.. . . . 1540
Fontana, Felice. Ital. philosonherand naturalist 1730
Foiitane, Marius. French hislor?an 1838
Fontanes, de, Louis. Marquis. French author. . . 1757
Fontanini, Giusto. Ital. antiquary and critic. . .. 1666
Fontenay, de, Jean Baptiste Beliu. See Belis.
Fontenelle, de, Bernard le Bovier. Fr. writer.. . . 1657
Fonvielle, Louis Eugene. Knight of. Fr. buccaneer lt>>5
Foot, Joseph Ives. Am. Presb. clergj. and writer. 1796
Foot, Samuel Alfred. American jurist 1790
Foot, Solomon. American statesman. 1802
Foote, Andrew Hull. American rear admiral 1S06
Foote, Arthur William. Am. musician and comp. 1.S53
Foote, Elial Todd. Am. physician and jurist 17^
Foote, Elisha. Am. inventor and Com. of Patents 1.S09
Foote, George Anderson. .Vmei'icau physician... 1835
Foote, Henry Wilder. Am. clergyman and writer 18.38
Foote, Henry Stuart. American politician 1800
Foote, Samuel. English comedian 1720
Foote, Samuel Augustus. American statesman.. . 1780
Foote, Thomas Moses. Am. journalist, diplomat. 1S09
Foote, William Henry. Am. clergyman, educator 1794
Foraker, Joseph Benson. Am. jurist, governor. . 1S46
Forau, Joseph K. Canadian lawyer and avithor. . 1^7
Forbes, Charles Edwin. Am. jurist and beuef'r. . 1795
Forbes, Edward. English naturalist 1815
Forbes, Edwin. American artist.. . 1839
Forbes, Eli. American clergyman and writer. .. . 1726
Forbes, James F. Canadian "statesman 1820
Forbes, James David. Scottish physicist 1809
Forbes, John. Sir. Brit. phvs. and med. writer ..17S7
Forbes, John Colin. Canadian artist 1816
Forbes, Samuel F. .\m. surgeon and author 1829
Forbes, Stephen A. Am. scientist and author. . \>m
Forbes-Robertson, John. Scot, art critic, journ. 1822
Forbiger, .\lbert. German classical scholar 1798
Forbin, de, Claude. French admiral 16.56
Forbonnais, de, Francois Veron. Fr. financier... 1722
Forcade-Laroquette, de, Jean Louis. Fr. mln . 1820
Force, Peter. .\m. jour, and historical compiler. 1790
Force, Manning F. American jurist and author. . 1.^34
Force, William Q. .\m. scholar and writer 1820
Forcellini, Egidio. Italian lexicographer 1688
Forchbammer, Johann G. Dan.geol.and chem.. 1794
Ford, John. Ensrlish dramatist l-'iso
Ford, Corvdon L. .\m. phvs. and author 1813
Ford, Edward Lloyd. Eng. publisher, inventor, . 1845
Ford, Gordon L. Am. lawyer and R. E. president 1823
DIED
1737
1771
1791
1821
1870
1855
1K64
1813
1.572
1878
1854
1881
1783
1581
1752
1874
1879
1833
1884
1789
1690
1849
1840?
1860
1867
1872
1877
1877
1490?
1873
ls:Tr
1869
1793
1.3i4
1799
1771
1853
1614
1805
is-ii
1736
1757
1711
1840
1878
1866
1863
1S77
1883
ISSO
1777
1846
1858
1869
1881
1854
1804
1868
1861
1878
1733
1800
1874
1868
1880
1768
1865
1639?
1880
BORN DIED
Ford, Emily Ellsworth, .\merican authoress. . . 1826
Ford, Gabriel Hoggarth. American jurist 1765 1849
Ford, John Thomson. .\m. theat. man., phllan., 1829
Ford, Joshua Edwards. American missionary... 1825 1866
Ford, Lewis de Saussure. Am. phvsiciau, educator 1801 1883
Ford, Paul Leicester. American "Bibliographer. .. 1865
Ford, Sally Rochester. American authoress 1828
Ford, Samuel Howard. .\m. clergyman, editor. . . 1823
Ford, Seabury. American lawyer aud statesman. 1801 1855
Ford, Thomas. Jurist aud author in America 1851
Ford, Timothy. American lawyer and statesman 1762 1830
Ford, William Henry. Am. physician and writer 1839
Ford, Worthiugton C. Am. statistician, author... 1826
Fordyce, David. Scottish philosopher 1711 1751
Foreman, Stephen. Am. missiouarv and ben 1807 1881
Forestl, E. Felice. Prof, of Italian in Colum Col. 1793 1858 ,
Forestier, Henri Joseph. West Ind. art., writer.. 1797 1874
Forey, EheFrLderic. French marshal 1804 1872
Forman, David. American soldier aud jurist 1813
Forman, Harry Buiton. English author 1842
Formes, Karl Johann. Ger. vocalist in America. 1816
Fornarls, Jose. Cuban poet and lawyer 1826
Forneron, Henri. French historian 1831
Forney, John Weiss, .\merican journalist 1817 1881
Forney, Daniel M. .\m. soldier and statesman. .. 1784 1847
Forney, Peter. Am. manufacturer aud statesm'n 1756 1834
Forney, William Henry. Am. lawyer and statesm 1823
Forres, de, Juan. Spanish R. C. clergyman 1560
Forrest, French. American naval officer 1796 1866
Forrest, Edwin. American actor 1806 1872
Forrest, Robert. Scottish sculptor 1863
Forrest, Uriah. Am. soldier and statesman 1756 1805
Forrester, Albert H. Alfred Crouqv ill. Eng. art. 1805 1872
Forry, Samuel. American physician and author. 1811 18J4
Forshey, Caleb G. Am. engineer and scientist... 1812 1881
Forster, Archibald M. Can inventor, manufac'r. 1842
Forster, Ernst J. Ger. painter and art-writer 1800 1885
Forster, Heiurich. German prelate 1800 1881
Forster, Johann R. Ger. traveler and naturalist. 1729 1798
Forster, Johann G. A. Son of J. R. Ger. naturalist 1754 1794
Forster, John. British biographer and critic 1812 1876
Forster, Thomas I. W. Eng. meteorologist 1789 1S50
Forster, William. Eng. miss., phllan. in Am 1784 1854
Forster, William Edward. English statesman. .. 1818 1886
Forsyth, John. Am. states, and secretary of stale. ITSO 1841
Forsyth, John. Am. clergyman and author 1811 1886
Forteguerri, Niccolo. Ital. bishop aud poet 1674 1735
Fortescue, John. Sir. Eng. judge, writer on law. 1394? 1476?
Fort, George F. American statesman and writer. 1809 1872
Fortin, Pierre. Canadian statesman 1823
Fort, Greeuberry Lafayette. Am. law., statesman. 1825 1883
Fort, Tomlinson. American statesman, writer. .. 1787 1859
Fortique, Mariano. Venezuelan bishop, writer. . 1790 1866
Fortoul, Hippolyte Nicolas Honore. Fr. writer. . 1811 1856
Fortune, Robert. Scottish botauist 1813 1880
Fortuny y Carbo, Mariauo. Spanish painter 1839 1874
Forward, Walter. Am. statesman and jurist 1786 1852
Forwood, William S. Am. physician, historian... 1830
Fosbroke, Thomas Dudley. English antiquary... 1770 1842
Foscari, Francesco. Doge of Venice '. . . 1372? 1457
Foscarini, Marco Antonio. It. statesman, author 1696 1763
Foschinl, Antonio. Italian architect 1741 1803
Foscolo, Nicolo L'go. It. y»oet. miscellaneous w'r. 1777 1827
Fosdick, William W. Am. lawyer, poet, editor. . . 1825 1862
Foss, Cyrus David. Am. M. E. bishop aud writer. 1834 ....
Foss, William Jay. Am. M. E. clergyman, edu — 1835 1859
Fossombroni, Vfttorio. Count. It. statesman, eng 1754 1844
Foster, Abby Kelley. Am. reformer, lecturer 1811 1887
Foster, Abiel. Am. clergyman and statesman 1735 1806
Foster, Asa Belknap. Canadian statesman 1817 1877
Foster, Benjamin. Am. clergyman and writer 1750 1798
Foster, Birket. English artist 1825
Foster, Charles. American statesman 1828
Foster, Charles J. Eng. journ. aud auth. in Am.. 1820 1883
Foster, D\vight. American jurist ^ 1757 1823
Foster, Ellen Horton. Am. lawyer and writer — 1840
Foster, Ephraim H. Am. lawyerand statesman.. 1795 1854
Foster, George Eulas. Can. statesman and writer 1847
Foster, Hannah. American anthoress in Canada. 3759
Foster, Henrv. English navigator and author 1797 1831
Foster, Henry All«n. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1800
Foster, Isaac". American physician 1740 1781
Foster, Jacob Post Giraud. American lawyer — 1827 1886
Foster, James P. American naval officer 1827 1869
Foster, Jedediah. American jurist 1726 1779
Foster, John. English essayist and moralist 1770 1843
Foster, John Gray" Am. soidier and engineer 1823 1874
Foster, John Watson. Am. diplomat and soldier. 1S36 —
Foster, John Wells. American geologist . 1815 1873
Foster, Lafavette S. Am. statesman and philan. 1806 1880
Foster, Randolph Sinks. .\m. M. E. bp., author. . 1820 —
Foster, Stephen. American educator 1798 1835
Foster, Stephen Collins. Am. ballad composer. . 1826 1864
Foster, Stephen S. Am. cl.. anti-slav. lecturer . 1809 1881
Foster, Theodore. Am. statesman, antiquarian.. 1752 1828
Foster, Thomas Flournoy. Am. lawyer, states'n.. 1790 1847
Fotana, Felicie. Italian physioloeist 1730 1803
Fothergill, John. English physician and writer. 1712 1780
FoucaiUd, Leon. French natural philosopher 1819 1868
1730
F 0 U C H E — F R B R E T
BORN DIED
FoucM, Joseph, D. of Otranto. Fr. niln. of police 1763 1,S'20
Fouclier, Victor Adrien. Fr. jurist and writer- . . 18(12 18G6
Fouclier, Jean. Flemish explorer 1508 1567
Fouclier, faul. French draiiiutic writer 1810 1875
Fould, Aohille. Fr. statesman and fiuaacier 1800 1S67
Foulis, Robert. Scottish printer 1707 1776
Foulis, Andrew. Scottish prin'er 171-2 1775
Foulon, Joseph Frangois. Fr. (inan'r. politician.. 1715 1789
Fournier, Telesphore. Can. juris: and statesman 1823 ....
Foulques de Neuilly. French priest and orator 1201
Fouqufe, Heinrich A., Baron. Prussian general. .. 1698 1774
Fouque, de Lamotte. German author 1777 1843
Fouquet, Jean, p'rcnch painter 1415? 1483
Fouquet, Nicolas, Marquis. French financier 1615 1680
Fouquier-TinvlUe, Autoine Q. Fr. revolutionist 1747 1795
Fourcroy, de, Antoine F., Count. Fr. chemist. . . 1755 1809
Fourier, Francois C. M. French socialist 1772 1837
Fourier, Jean B. J., Baron. French savant 1768 1830
Fournel, Francois Victor. Fr-"ehauthor 1829 —
Fourneyron, Benoit. French inventor 1802 1867
Fournier, Edouard. French litterateur 1819 1880
Fouville, Jean Baptiste. French naturalist. 1794 1837
Fowle, Daniel. Am. printer and publisher 1715 1787
Fowle, William B. Am. educator and author 1795 1865
Fowler, Andrew. American clersyman.. , 1765 1851
Fowler, Charles H. Can. M. E. bishop in Am IS.W —
Fowler, Ht'ury. Am. cl. educator and author 1824 1872
Fowler, Josephs. Am. lawyer and Senator 1822
Fowler, Lvdia F. Am. physician and authoress, . 1823 1879
Fowler, Lorenzo N. Am. lecturer and author — 1811
Fowler, Lvttletou. American clergyman 1802 1846
Fowler, Orin. Am. clergyman and statesman — 1791 1852
Fowler, Orson Squire. American phrenologist. .. 1809 1887
Fowler, Philemon H. Am. cl. and author 1814 1879
Fowler, Samuel. Am. phys., minerologist and w'r 1779 1844
Fowler, Samuel P. Am. stats, and antiquarian. . . 1800 —
Fowler, Thomas P. Am. lawyer and R. R. pres... 1851 —
Fowler, William C. Am. educator and author. 1793 1881
Fowler, William W. Am. journalist and author, , 1.S33 1881
FOWles, James H. Am. clergyman and author — 1812 1854
Fox, Charles, Sir. British civil engineer 1810 1874
Fox, Charles James. Am. lawyer and author 1811 1846
Fox, Charles James., Eng. statesman and orator. . 1749 1806
Fox, Charles Kemble. American actor 1833 1875
Fox, Ebenezer. American patriot 1763 1843
Fox, George. Eng. founder of Society of Friends 1624 1691
Fox, George Henry. Am. physician and author. , 1846 ....
Fox, George L. American actor and soldier 1825 1877
Fox, Gustavus Vasa. American naval officer 1821 1883
Fox, Henry Stephen. British diplomat 1846
Fox, Luke.' English navigator 1585 1635
Fox, Margaret. American sjiiritualist 1836
Fox, Marv Hewins. Am. actress and poetess 1842 —
Fox, Thomas B. Am. clergy, and journalist 1808 1876
Foxcroft, George Augustus. Humorous author. . 1.S15 1878
Foxeroft, Samuel. American clergyman 1807
Foxcroft, Thomas. Am. clergyman and writer. .. li;97 1769
Foxe '>'■ Fox, John. English martyrologist 1516 1587
Foy, Maximilien Sebastien. French general 1775 1825
Foye, James Clarke. Am. educator and author,. 1841 ,,,.
Fracastoro, Girolamo. It. astron., poet, phys. .. 14.s3 1.553
Fraccaroli, Innocenzo. Italian scuXptor 1803 18S2
Frailey, James M. American naval oflicer 1809 1877
Frakuol, Vilmos. Hungarian historian 1S43 —
Fraley, Frederick. Am. merchant, statesman. ,. . 1804 ....
France, -Vnatole Francois T. Anatnle. Fr. auth. I.s44 —
France, Joseph. French soldier and author 1797 1868
Francesca, della, Piero. Italian painter 1416? 1492
Franceschmi, Marcautonio. Italian painter 1648 1729
Franchere, Gabriel. Canadian explorer author. . 1786 1856
FrancM, .Mlessandro. Italian Cardinal >819 1878
FrancM, Ausonio. Italian philosopher 1820 —
Francia, Josi? G. R. Dictator of Paraguay 1757 1840
Francia, II, Francesco. Italian painter 1450 1517
Francis, Saint, nr Francis of .-issisi. It. friar. .. 1182 1226
Francis, Couvers. Am. clergyman and author... 1795 1863
Francis, George H. Irish editor and author 1816 1866
Francis, James B. Eng. civil engineer and anth. 1815
Francis, John Bro\vn. American statesman 1791 1864
Francis, Jolm Morgan. Am. diplomat and trav... 1823 ....
Francis, John Wakefield. Am phys. and writer. 1789 1861
Francis, Joseph, Emperor of Austria 1830
Francis, Joseph, .\nierican inventor and writer. 1801 . . , ,
Francis, Philip, Sir. Brit, statesman and writer. 1740 1818
Francis, T^r. Francois I. King of France 1494 1547
Francis, Ger. Franz II. Emp.'of Ger. (I. of Aus.) 1768 1835
Francis II., Maria Leopoldo. K. of Two Sicilies, . 1836
Francis Joseph I. Emp.-Vns. K. Hun. and Bohem. 18.30 —
Francis V. Duke of Modena 1809 1875
Francis, Convers. D. D. Am theologian and w*r. 1796 1863
Francis, Samuel Ward. .Vm. phys.. inv. and anth. 1835 1886
Francis, Tench. Irish lawyer in" America 1758
Francis, Valentine Mott. Am. physician and w'r 1834 —
Francis de Paula nv Paulo, Saint. Ital. Fr. monk 1416 1507
Francis de Sales, Saint. French R. C. prelate.. . 1567 1622
Franck, Adolphe. French philosopher 1809 ....
Francke, August Hermann. Ger. divine, philan. 1663 1727
Franco or Francon. .German writer on music, , . aft. 1083
Franco, Bernardo de Sonsa, Vise. Brazil, states. 1805 1875
BORN DIED
Franco, De Sa, Joaquim. Brazilian magistrate. . 1807 1851
Franco, Francisco de Mello. Brazil, physician, . . 1757 1823
Francceur, Louis Benjamin. French geometer... 1773 1849
Francois de Xeufchateau, N. L.. Comte. Fr. pol. 1750 1828
Francowitz. See Fl.\cii's Illyricus.
Francucci, Innocenzio. Bolognesc painter 1494? 1550
Frankel, Zacharias. Rabbi and author 1801 1875
Frankenstein, Godfrey N. American painter — 1831 1873
Frankl, Ludwig .\.. Baron. German Jewish poet 1810
Franklaud, Charles H.. Sir. Bart. Bengal diplo... 1716 176J
Frankland, Edward. Euglish chemist 1825
Franklin, Alfred Louis Auguste. Fr. historian, .. 1830
Franklin, Benjamin. Am. philos. and .talesman 1706 1790
Franklin, Lady Jane. Wife of Sir John Franklin. 1805? 1875-
Franklin, Jesse. Am. soldier and statesman 1760 l.S2;i
Franklin, John. American pioneer 1749 1831
Franklin, John, Sir. English arctic explorer 1787 1847
Franklin, Samuel Rhoads. Am. naval officer 182S .,,.
Franklin, Thomas L. Am. P. E. cl. and editor.... 1822
Franklin, William Buel. American general 1823 ...
Franklin, William T. Governor of New Jersey... 1729 1813-
Franklin, Wm. T. Grandson nf Bntj. Am. writer 182»
Franscini, Stefauo. Swiss statesman 1796 1857
Fransioll, Joseph. Swiss R. C. clergyman 1817 1890-
Franz, Robert. German composer 1815 .. .
Franz6n,Frans, Michael. Swedish poet 1772 1847
Franzos, Karl Emil. German author 1848
Fraser, Alex. Campbell. Scot, metaphysician 1819
Fraser, Christopher F. Canadian statesman 188»
Fraser, James. English bishop 1818 1885'
Fraser, James Baillie. Scotish traveler, author. 1783 1856-
Fraser, William. Scottish R. C. bishop in Can. , 1790 1857
Frauenlob. Real name H.ron }[inssen. Ger. jjoet 1318-
Frauenstadt, Christian M. J. Ger. philosopher. 1813 1879-
Fraunhofer, von, Joseph. Bavarian optician,. , 1787 lb26
Fraysslnous, Denis Luc. Fr. prelate, statesman 1765 1841
Frazee, John. American sculptor 1790 1852,
Frazer, John Fries. American scientist, lecturer 1812 1872
Frazer. Persifor. Am. scientist and author 1844 .,,.
Frfechette, Louis Houore. Can. poet, politician.. 1839
Fr^desonde. Wife of Chilperic I. of France 545? 597?
Frederick, «('r. Friedrich I. Emperor Germany.. 1123 1190
Frederick II. Emp. Germ., king of Naples, Sicily 1194 1250
Frederick I. First king of Prussia 1657 1713
Frederick II. Fmlerick the Grcnl. King of Prussia 1712 1788
Frederick IV. Emp, of Germany, king of Prussia 1831 1888-
Frederick Charles Nicholas. Pr. of Prussia, gen. 1828 1885-
Frederick William. Elector of Brandenburg 1620 1688
Frederick William I. King of Prussia 1688 1740
Frederick William II. King of Prussia 1744 1797
Frederick William III. King of Prussia 1770 1810
Frederick William IV. King of Prussia 1795 1861
Frederick William. Ex-Elector of Hesse 1802 1875-
Frederick William. Prince of Hesse 1790 1876-
Fredet, Peter. French author in America 1801 1856
Fredro, Count Alexander. Polish author 1793 1876
Freedley, Edwin Tioxell. American author 1827
Freeman, Alice Elvira. American educator 1855 .,..
Freeman, Barnardus. Ger. cl. and linguist in Am 1660 174S
Freeman, Edward Augustus. English historian 1823 —
Freeman, Florence. American sculptress 1836 —
Freeman, Fortnnatus. Eng. navigator in Am 1874
Freeman, Cieorge Washington, Am. P. E. bishop 1789 1858
Freeman, James. First Unit, clergyman in U. S. 1759 1835
Freeman, James Edward. Nova Scotiau artist... 1808 1884
Freeman, Nathaniel. Am. jurist and author 1741 1827
Freeman, Samuel. Am. statesman and author... 1743 1831
Fregoso, Federigo. Genoese cardinal 1480? 1541
Frelligrath, Ferdinand. German poet 1810 1876
Freind, John. Eng. physician and politician 1675 1728
Freire, Lniz Jose Junqneira. Brazilian poet 1832 1855
Freites, Pedro Jlaria. Venezuelan patriot 1790 1817
Freies, Francisco. Mexican historian and monk 1845
Freiinghuysen, Frederick. Am. stats, and soldier 1753 1804
Frelinghuysen, Frederick T. Am. statesman — 1817 1885
Freiinghuysen, John. Am. D. ref. cl.. educator.. 1727 17.54
Frelinghuysen, John. Am. lawyer and soldier... 1776 1833
Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Am. statesman 1787 1861
Frelinghuysen, Theodoriis J. D. ref. cl. in Am... 1691 1747
Frementin, Eugene. French painter 1820 1876
Fremlet, Emmanuel. French sculptor 1824
Fremin, James. French Jesuit miss, in Canada.. 1691
Fremont, Jessie Benton. American authoress — 1824 —
Fremont, John C. Am. explorer and general 1813 1890
Fr6my, Edmond. French chemist 1814 .. .
French, Benjamin F. Am. historian, benefactor.. 1799 1877
French, Daniel Chester. American sculptor 1850 —
French, David. Am. scholar and translator 1700 1742
French, John W. Am. P. E. cl. and educator 1810 1871
French, L. Virginia. American poetess 1830 1881
French, Mansfield. Am. cl. and abolitionist 1810 1876
Freneau, Pbiliii. .\m. poet and journalist 1752 1832
Frenzel, Karl Wilhelm. German novelist 1827
Fr6re ( -harles Throdore. French painter 1815 1888
Frere, Hcnrv B. E.. Sir. Eng. Colonial officer 1815 1884
Frere, Jolm'Hookam. English dip, and author., . 1769 1846
Frere-Orban, Hubert J. Belgian statesman 1812 —
Frere, Pierre Edward. French painter 1819 1886
Fierec, Nicolas. Fr. antiquarian and his. critic. 1688 1749
RERON — GALL
1731
BORN DIED
FrSron, Elie Catherine. Frenct critic 1719 1776
Freron, Louis Stanislas. Freueli revolutionist. .. 1763 1S02
fTescobaldl, Girolamo. Ital. organist and com.. 1591 1650
Fresenius, Karl Remigius, German chemist 1618
Fresnsl, Au^ustin Joan. Fr.opti. and geometer.. 1788 1S27
Freudweiler, Henri. Swiss historical painter 1755 1795
Freund, \Vilhelm. German lexicographer 1806
Frey, Johann Jakob. Swiss engraver 1681 1770
Freycinet, de, Louis Claude Desaulses. Fr. nav. 1779 1842
Freytag, Georg \V. F. German orientalist 17»8 1861
Freytag, Gustav. German writer 1810
Frezier, Amedee Fran(,-ois. Fr. eng. aud author.. lCi>2 1773
Frias, Felix. Argentine publicist and author 1820 1881
Frias, Francisco, Count of Pozos Dulcis. Cub. au 1809 1877
Frias, Tonias. Bolivian statesman aud diplomat. 1805 1884
Frick, Charles. American physician ..1823 iS(M
Friedemann, Frledrich Tra^lgott. Ger. teacher.. 1793 18o3?
Friedland, Valentin. See Trotzexdorff.
Friedlander, Michael. Germanwriter 1833
Friedrich, Johann. Gr. Rom. Cath. theologian. . 1SJ6 .. .
Fries, Elias .Magnus. Swedish botanist, orator... 1794 1878
Fries, Jakob. Frledrich. Ger. philosopher 1773 1843
Fries, Jean. (Lat.Frisius). Swiss philologist... 1505 1505
Fries, John. American insurgent 17(>4 1825
Frieze, Henry Simmons. Am. musician and auth. 1817
Frink, John. American physician 1731 1807
Frisbie, Levi. Am. clergyman and missionary... 17-ls 1806
Frisble, Levi. American educator and author. .. 1783 1822
Frisby, Edgar. Eng. astronomer in America I.si7
Frison, Johann L. Ger. philologist, naturalist... 1C66 1743
Frischlin, Nlcodemus. Ger. philologist, poet 1547 1590
Frisl, Paolo. Italian mathematician 172S 1784
Fristoe, Edward T. Am. educator and lecturer. .. 1830
Fritll, William Powell. English artist 1819 ....
Fritz, Samuel. Bohemian Jesuit missionary... . 1653 1728
Froben, Johann. (i'l?. Frobeuius.) Ger. printer 1460 1527
Frobisher, Martin, Sir. English navigator 1535? 1594?
Froebel, Friedrich \V. A. German educationist.. 17.S2 1852
Froebel, Julius, yrphrwof F, W. A. Ger traveler 1806
Froeligh, Solomon. Am. D. ref. cl, patriot 17.50 l.s27
Froila I. Kingof Spain 722 768
Froissart, Jehan or Jean. French chronicler. .. 1337 1410?
FTOmentj Jacques V. E. Fromfitt-DrlormcL Fr.ptr 1820 ....
Fromentm, Eligius. Fr. jurist and states, in Am 1822
Fromentin, Eugene. Frenchpainter 1820 1876
Frontenac, de.'Louis deB., Count. Fr.gov. Can. 1620 1698
Frossard, Charles .\uguste. French general 1807 1875
Frost, Churles 0. Am. botanist and author 1806 1880
Frost, George. American jurist and statesman... 1720 1796
Frost, James H. P. .\merican physician, writer. 1825 1875
Frost, John. American soldier and jurist 1738 ISIO
Frost, John, American educator and compiler.. . l.SOO 1859
Frost, Rufus S. Am. statesman, philanthropist. . 1826 ....
Frost, Thomas. Eng. clergyman m .\merica 1759 1804
Frost, Thomas Downs. American clergyman 1794 1819
Frost, William Edward. British painter 1810 1877
Frothingham, James. American artist 1786
Frothingham, Xathaniel L. Unit. cl. and author 1793 1870
Frothingham, Octavius B. Son of X. L. .Im. cl. 1822
Frothingham, Richard, .-im. states., historian.. 1812 1880
Frothingham, Washington. .\m. clerg., author. . 1822
Froude, .Tames .\uthony. English historian 1818
Froude, William. English mathematician 1810 1879
Frwaldszliy, Emrich. Hungarian naturalist 1799
Fry, Benjamin St. James. .\m. clerg. and author. 1824
Fry, Elizabeth, born Gurney. Eng. phil.authrop't 1780 1845
Fry, James Barnet. Am. soldier and author 1827 ...
Fry, Joseph. American naval oiHcer 1828 1S73
Fry, Joseph Reese. American author 1865
Fry, William H. .\m. journalist, mus. composer. 1815 1864
Frye, William P. .\merican lawyer, statesman... 1831
Fryxell, -Anders. Swedish historian 1795 1881
Fuad Pasha, Mehemel. Turkish statesman 1814 1869
Fuca, de, Juan. Greek navigator 1632?
Fuchs, von, Johann X. German mineralogist... 1774 1856
Fnchs, von, '"-Fuchsius, Leonhard. Ger. botan 1501 1506
Fuenleal, Sebastian Ramirez. Span. R. C. bishop 1547
Fuensalida, Luis. Spanish missionary 1490 1645
Fuentes, Lanreano. Cuban musician, composer. . 1825
Fuentes, de, Pedro H. d'A., Count. Sp. st<Us.. gen 1.500 1643
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Fuero, Francisco Fabian. Sp. R. C. bp. aud author 1719 1801
Fuero, Joaquin. Mexican soldier and writer 1814 1861
Fuhricll, von, Joseph. German painter 1800 1876
Fulford, Francis, D. D. Bishop of Montreal 1803 1868
Fulke, William. English divine and author 1.538 1589
Fuller, Andrew. English Baptist divine 17.54 1815
Fuller, .\rthur B. Am. Tnit. clergyman, soldier. 1.''22 1862
Fuller, George, -\merican artist 1S22 1884
Fuller, Hiram, .\merican journalist and author. 1815 1880
Fuller, Melville W. Chief just. r. S. Supreme Ct 18.^3 ....
Fuller, Richard. Am. clergyman and author 1804 1876
Fuller, Richard F. American lawyer ,ind author 1821 1869
Fuller, Richard Henrv. .\mericari artist 1822 1871
Fuller, Sarah M., Countess d'Ossoli. Am. authrs 1810 18.50
Fuller, Thomas. English preacher and author... 160S 1661
Fuller, Thomas. English architect in Canada... 1822
Fuller, Thomas Brock. Canadian P. E. bishop... 1810 ....
Fuller, Timothy. Am. lawyer and statesman 1778 1835
BOBN DIES
Fulton, John. Scottish clergyman, writer in Am lt.34
Fulton, Justin Dewey. Am. uk-rgynuui. author. . 1828
Fulton, Kol->ert. .American eugiuJer, inventor... 1705 '815
Fulton, William S. .\m. lawyer and statesman... 179.= 1844
Funes, Gregorlo. South American author 1820
Funk, Heinrich. Cierman painter of Tyrolese sc 1807 1877
Furman, Charles M. Am. statesman, financier. . 1797 1872
Furman, Helen Kate, American authoress 18^7 1883
Furman, Horace Howard. American author Ib33
Furman, James Clement. Am. cl. and educator. 1809
Furman, Richard. Am. clergyman, statesman... 1755 1825
Furman, William Henry. American artist 1828 1867
Furness, William Henry. Am. religious writer. . 1802
Furniss, Harry. English caricaturist 1854
Furnivall, trederick J. English philologist 1825 ...
Ftirst, Julius. German orientalist 1805 1.-73
Furstenberg, nr Fuerstenberg, Franz F. \V., Bar. 1729 i8l0
Furtado, Mendonca Hipolito J. da C. Braz.journ 1773 1823
Furtado, Francisco Jose. Brazilian statesman. . . 1818 1870
Fusell nr Fussll, John H. Swiss painter in Eng. 1741 1825
Fiissli '.r Fuessli, Johann Rudolph. Swiss artist. 1709 1793
Fustel de Coulanges, Suma Denis. French hist. 18.30 1889
Futhez, John Smith. .\m. jurist and author 1820
Fjrt, Jan. Flemish painter. 1609 1661
G
Gabs, William More. Am. scientist, author 1839 1878
Gabbiani, Antonio D. It. painter and engraver. . 1052 1726
Gabaret, Jean de S. Am. soldier, and statesman 1620 1697
Gabelentz, von der, Hans Konon. Ger. politician 1807 1874
Gahlentz, von, Ludwig K. W.. Baron. Aus. sold.. 1814 1874
Gabler, Johann Philipp. German theologian 1753 18£6
Gaboriau, Emile. French novelist 1835 1873
Gabourd, Anu'dce. French historian 1805? 1867
Gabriel, Jacques A. French engineer, architect. 1710? 1782
Gabrielli, Catarina. Italian singer 1730 1798
Gachard, Louis Prosper. Fr. architect, writer... 1800 1885
Gacon, Francois. French poet and satirist 1667 1723
Gaddi, Angelo. Italian painter 1333? 1396
Gaddi, Taddeo. Florentine painter ISOO? 1366
Gade, Niels Wilhelm. Danish composer 1817 ..
Gadsden, Christopher. American statesman 1724 1805
Gadsden, Christopher E. Am. P. E. bishop, edit. 1785 1853
Gadsden, James. American stotesman 17SS 1838
Gadsden, John, .\merican lawyer, statesman 1787 1831
Gaffarel, Paul. French historian 1843
Gaffarelii, Gaetano Majarano. See Caffaeelli.
Gagarin, Ivan. Kussian Jesuit and author 1814
Gage, Francis Dana. Am. reformer and author.. 1808 1884
Gage, Matilda Joslyn. Am. reformer and journ.. 1826
Gage, Thomas. Irish traveler and author 1597 1655
Gage, Thomas. British general in America 1721 1787
Gagern, von, Heinrich W. A.. Baron. Ger. auth. 1799 1880
Gagnier, Jean. Heb. and Arab. prof, at Oxford.. 1670? 1740
Gagnon, Lucian. Canadian patriot 18J2
Gahn, Johann Gottlieb. Swedish mineralogist... 1745 1818
Gail, JeanBaptiste. Fr. Hellenist and author.... 1753 1829
Gaillard, Edward S. Am. phys. and journalist... 1827 1885
Gaillard, Gabriel Henri. French historian 1726 1806
Gaillard, John. American senator 1765 1826
Gaillard, Peter Cordes. American phvsician 1815 1859
Gaillardet, Theodore F. Fr. journ.. auth. in Am. 1608 1882
Gaine, Hugh. Irish printer, bookseller in Am... 1726 1807
Gaines, Kdmund Pendleton. American general.. 1777 .519
Gaines, John P. .\m. lawver and statesman 1858
Gaines, Myra Clark. Wifcof Edmund P. .im.heires 1805? 1885
Gainsborough, Thomas. English painter 1727 1788
Gainza, Gavino. Spanish soldier 17C0 1824
Gairdner, James. English historical editor 1828
Gaither, Henrv Chew. .American patriot 1777 1845
Gaither, William Lingau. .\merican statesman.. 1813 1858
Gal, Ljudevit. Croatian author and journalist.. . 1809 1872
Galba, Servius Sulpicius. Roman emperor... B.C. 3 a.d.69
Galberry , Thomas. Irish R. C. bishop in Am 1833 1878
Galbraith, Andrew. Irish colonist in America. . 1692 1747
Gale, Benjamin. .\m. physician and inventor 1715 1790
Gale, George Washington. Am. clergy, and edu. . 1789 1S62
Gale, Levin. American lawyer 1824 1875
Gale, Samuel. Americau jurist in Canada 1783 1865
Gale, Theophilus. .\m. clergy, and benefactor 1677
Galen, Claudius. Rom.physician and med. auth. ISO 200
Galen, von, Christoph Bernhard. Ger. prelate... ICOO 1678
Galerius, Coius Valerius Jlaximianus. Rom.emp 311
Gales, Joseph. Eng. journalist in Amerca 1700 1841
Gales, Joseph. English journalist in America 1786 1860
Gales, Seaton. .Vm. journalist and soldier 1828 1878
Galhegos, de, Manoel. Portuguese poet 1597 1665
Gali, Francisco. Spanish navigator 1539 1591
Galiani, Ferdinando. Ital. political economist .. 1728 1786
Galiano, .Antonio -Alcala. Span, writer, orator. .. 1789 18G5
Galien, Joseph. Fr. physician and philosopher.. 3699 1782
Galignani, Jean Antoine. Eng. journ. in Paris.. 1790 1873
Galignani, William. Bro of J.A.nndasanr, journ. 1798 1882
Galilei, (tallileo. GalUen. Italian astronomer... 15C1 1C42
Galimard, Nicolas Anguste. French painter 1813 1880
Galin, Pierre. French musician 1786 1823
Gall. Franz Joseph. Ger. phys. F'dr of phrenol. 1758 1828
1732
GALLAGHER — GATES
BORN DIED
Gallagher, Hugh P. Irish R. C. cl. and ed. In Am 1»1S 1882
Gallagher, John Nicholas. Am. P. E. bishop 1889 —
Gallagher, Nicholas Aloyius. Am. K. O. bishop. . 1846 —
Gallagher, Wm. Davis. Am. jouru. and author... ISUS —
Galland, Autoiue. Fr. antiquary and orientalist 1646 1715
Galland, Pierre Victor. French painter 1822 —
Paiinrdo. Aurelio Luis. Mexican poet 1S31 1869
Gallatin, Albert. American statesman 1761 1849
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Gallaudet, Sopliia F. Am. deaf-mute educator.. . 1798 1877
Gallaudet, Thomas. Am. cl. and deaf-mute edu.. 1822
Gallaudet, T. H. Am. cl. Founder D. and D. ius. 1787 1851
Galle, Jobann Gottfried. German astronomer. . . 1812 ....
Gallegos, Fernando. Spanish painter 1475 1550
Gallenga, Antonio Carlo Napoleone. It. writer. . 1810
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Gallienus, Publius Licinius E. Komau emperor. 235? 268
Gallison, Johu. Am. lawyer and .journalist 17S8 1820
Gallitzln, Demetrius A. Russian R. C. cl. in Am. 1770 1841
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Galloway, Joseph. Am. lawyer and statesman.. . 1729 1803
Galloway, Samuel. Am. statesman and educator ISll 1872
Gallup, Joseph Adams. Am. phys. and writer — 1769 1849
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Gaily, Merritt. Am. inventor and manufacturer. 1838
Gait, Alexander Tilloch, Sir. Canadian statsm'n 1817 —
Gait, Johu. Scottish author 1779 1839
Gait, Thomas. Enelish jurist lu Canada 1815 —
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Galuppi, Baldassare. ISuraneltn. Ital. musician. 1706 1785
Galusha, Elon. American Baptist clergyman 1859
Galusha, Jonas. American statesman 1753 1834
Galvanl, Aloisio or Luigi. It. disc, of galvanism. 1737 1798
Galvao, Antonio. Port, traveler and historian... 1503? 15.57
Galvez, de, Jose Marquis. Sp. lawyer, statesman 17i9 1786
Galvez, Mariano. South American statesman 1860
Galvez, Matias. Mexican statesman 1731 1784
Galvez, de, Bernardo. Count. Sp. gov. of La 1765 1786
Galvez de Montalvo, Luis. Spanish poet 1549 1610
Gama, de, Antonio Leoo. Mexican astronomer.. 1735 1802
Gama, da, Jose Basilio. Brazilian Jesuit, poet... 17^0 1795
Gama, Jose Bernardo F. Brazilian historian 1802 1862
Gama, da, V;isco. Portuguese navigator 1450? 1634
Gamaches, Etieune S. French philol. and math. 1672 1756
Gamarra, y Davalos Juan B. Mexican author — 1745 1793
Gauibara, Veronica. Italian poetess 14.S5 1560
Gambart, Jeau Felix Adolphe. Fr. astronomer... 1800 1836
Gambetta, Leon. French statesman 1838 1882
Gambler, James, Baron. Brit, admiral, diplom'st 1756 1833
Gamble, Francis G. .\mericau naval officer 1824
Gamble, Hamilton Rowan. Am. lawyer, states... 1798 1864
Gamble, James. American jurist 1809? ....
Gamble, John M. American marine officer 1791 1836
Gamble, Peter. American naval officer 1814
Gamble, Thomas. .\m. naval officer 1818
Gamboa, FranciscoJavier. Mexican lawyer 1717 1794
Gammeli, William, .im. author and educator. .. 1812
Gana, Jose F. So. American soldier, statesman. . 1791 1862
Gandolfl, Gaetano. Italian painter, engraver 1734 1802
Gannal, Jean Nicolas. French chemist 1791 1852
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Gannett, Ezra Stiles. Am. clergyman and editor 1801 1871
Gannon, Mary. Americau actress 1829 1868
Gano,Jobu. American clergyman 1727 1804
Gano, Stephen, .\mericau clergyman 1762 1828
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Ganse, Hervev Doddridge. American clergyman 1822 . ..
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Gantt, Edward. Am. clergymau and physician. . 1746 1837
Garakonthie, Dauiel. Chief of Onondaga Ind 1676
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Garavaglia, Giovita. Italian engraver 1790 1835
Garay,de, Francisco. Spanish explorer 1623
Garay, Jauos. Hungarian pioct 1812 1863
Garay, de, Juan. Sp.gen. Foun. Buenos Ayres.. 1541 1684
Garbett, James. English scholar, clergyman 1802 1879
Garces, Julian. Mexican R. C. bishop 1457 1547
Garcia, -Mexo. Portuguese explorer 1485 1526
Garcia-Calderon, Francisco. Peruv. states., edu. 1829 —
Garcia-Cubas, Autonio. Mex. scientist and auth. 18:53 ...
Garcia, De, Quevedo Jose Heriberto. So.Am.auth. 1818 18/1
Garcia, de, San Vicente Nicolas. Mex. edu., auth. 1793 1845
Garcia, Diego. Portuguese navigator 1471 1529
Garcia-Granados, Miguel. Pres. of Guatemala.. 1825 1878
Garcia, Manuel del Pupulo V. Sp.comp., vocalist 1775 1832
Garcia Mascarenhas, Braz. Port, poet and war. 1596 1656
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Garcia y Tessara, Gabriel. Spanish poet 1817 1875
Garcias, (Tregorio. Span, clergyman and author. 1564 1627
Garcilaso "r Garcias Laso de la Vega. Sp. poet. 1503 1.536
Garcilaso or Garcias L. de la Vega. S. Sp. sold. 1495 15.59
Garcllaso de la Vegp . Thclnm. Peruv.-Sp. hist. 1537 1616
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Garcin de Tassy, Joseph HeliodoreS.V. Fr.orien. 1794 1878
Garden, -Alexander. Scottish clergymau in Am.. 1685 1756
Garden, Alexander. Scot, phys., uat. iu Am 1730 1791
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Gardiner, James Terry. Am. civil engineer 1842
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Gardiner, Liou, Sir. Am. military engineer 1699 1663
Gardiner, Robert H. Eng. philauthropist in Am. 1782 1864
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. English historian... 1829
Gardiner, Sylvester. American phys. and bene. . 1707 1786
Gardner, Aiigustus K. Am. phys. and educator.. 1812 1876
Gardner, Caleb. American navigator 1739 laOG
Gardner, Dorsey. .\mericau journalist 1842
Gardner, Elizabeth Jane, .\merican artist 1842
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Gardner, Samuel J. Am. lawyer and editor 1788 1864
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Gardner, William Henry. Am. naval officer 1800 1807
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Garfield, Lucretia R. Wife of President G 1832 ....
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Garnier, .Vdolphe. French philosopher 1801 1864
Garnier, Charles. French Jesuit in Canada 1605 1649
Garnier, Jean Louis Charles. Fr. architect 1825
Garnier, Jules .\rsene. French painter 1847 —
Garnier, Julien. Fr. Jesuit mis. and edu, in Can 1643 1722
Garnier-Pages, Louis Antoine. Fr. politician... 1803 1878
Garofalo. Real name £f;ii'™u(o T/jiO. It. ptr. .. 1481 1559
Garonhalgue, Louis. Oneida chief and Chr. con 1687
Garrard, James. .\m. soldier and statesman 1748 1822
Garrard, Theojihilus T. Am. soldier aud statesm 1812
Garraud, Gabriel Joseph. French sculptor 1807
Garretson, Freeborn. American M E. clergyman 1762 1827
Garretson, James E. .im. physician and author. IS2S ...
Garretson, Mary Rutherford. Am. benefactress 1783 1879
Garrett, -Uexau'der C. Irish P. E. bishop in Am. 18.32 —
Garrett, Johu W. Am. R. R. pres. aud benefactor 1820 1884
Garrett, Robert. Americau Railroad president. . 1817 —
Garrett, Thomas. Am. abolitiouist and benefactor 1783 1871
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Garrigues, Heury J, Danish phys,. edu, in .\m.. 1831 ....
Garrison, Coruelius K, Am, mariue architect. . . 1809 1885
Garrison, Joseph F, Xm.. clergyman and educator 1823 1892
Garrison, William Lloyd, Americau abolitionist 1805 1879
Garschlne, Wssewoloil--Mikhuiiuviteh, Ru, novel 1855 1888
Garth, Samuel. Sir. English phvsician and jjoet. 1661 1719
Gartland, Francis Xavier, Irish R. C. bp. in Am 1805 1854
Garucci, Raftnello. Italian archaeologist 1812 1885
Garve, Christian. German phil. and translator. . 1742 1798
Gary, George, .\mericau M. E. missionary 1793 1855
Garza de la Lazaro. Mex. R.C.bp. and benefactor 1786 1862
Garzi, Luigi. Italian painter 1638 1721
Garzoni, Tommaso. Italian jurist 1549 1589
Gasca, de la, Pedro. Spruish statesman, bishop. 1485 1567
Gascoigne, George. English poet — 1525? 1577
Gascolgne, William. Eng. inveu, of the microm. 1612 1644
Gascoigne, William, Sir. English judge 1350? 1419
Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn. English author.. .. 1810 1865
Gasparin, de, Adrien E. P.. Count. Fr. w'r..pol. 1783 1862
Gasparln, de, Ageuor E., Count. Fr. publicist... 1810 1871
Gasparlni, Francesco. It. musical composer — 1665 1707
Gasparlno, Barzizzio. It. philologist, author. ... 1370 1431
Gaspe, de, Philip A. Canadian lawyer, author.. 1786 1871
Gasquet, .^medee. French historian 1852
Gass, Friedrich Wilbelm H. J. Ger. theologian. . 1S13
Gassendi, Pierre. French philosopher 1592 16.55
Gassion, de, Jean. Marshal of France 1609 1647
Gast, John. Irish historian and divine 1V15 1788
Gastaldi, Professor. Italian geologist 1S18 1879
Gastine, Civique. West lud. abolifst author 1793 1822
Gastineau, Benjamin. Frenchwrlter 1823 —
Gaston, William. American jurist 1778 1844
Gaston, William. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1820
Gataker, Thomas. English divine and critic 1574 1654
Gates, Horatio, .iimerican major general 1728 1806
Gates, Merrill Edwards. Americau educator 1848 ....
Gates, Seth Merrill. Am. statesman, and editor. l.'OO 1887
Gates, Thomas. Sir. Governor of Virginia fl. 1609 1619
Gates, William. American general 1788 1868
GATLING — GIBERT DE MONTREUIL
1733
BORN DIED
GatUng, Richard Jordan. American inventor 1S18
Gatschet, Albert Sauiuel. Swiss ethuol. in Am.. lKi-2 ....
Gatteaux, Jacques E. Fr. sculptor and engraver 17S8 18al
Gatti, Bernardino. Tl .'<njaro. Italian painter 1495 1575
Gatty, Margaret Scott, Mrs. English writer 1809 1873
Gau, Franz Christian. German architect 1790 1853
Gaucher, Charles Etienne. Fr. writer on art 1740 1804
Gauden, John. English hp. and political writer. IC05 1062
Gaudenzi, Pellegriuo. Italian poet 1749 1784
Gaudenzio, Paganini. Italian Hellenist 1596 1U49
Gaudichaud-Beaupre, Charles. French botanist 1780 18')4
Gaudin, Martin M.C. Fr. tinuucler, min.of lin'ce 1766 1844
Gaul, Gilbert William. American artist 1855
Gault, Matthew H. Irish financier in Canada 1822 1887
Gaultier, Aloysius E.G., Abbe. Fr. educator 1745 1818
Gaultier, j'ro;)ti(i/ Gaiier, Leonhard. Ger.eng... 1.561?
Gaume, Jean Joseph. French author 1S02 1879
Gauntlett, Henry J. Eng. com. of Ch. music 1806 1876
Gauss, Karl Frie'drlch. German mathematician. 1777 1855
Gautama or Gotama. Ind. philo. Buddha .b.c. 624? 543?
Gautier, Jean F. E. Fr. violinist and composer. . 1822 1878
Gautier, Theophile. Fr. poet., novelist and critic 1808 1872
Gavarnl. Guitlaume P. Chevalier Sulpicc. Fr. car 1801 1866
Gavazzi, Alessandro. Italian preacher 180i> 18S9
Gaveston, Piers, earl of Cornwall. Fav. ofEd.II. . 1312
Gavlt.JohnE. Am. engraver and astronomer 1817 1874
Gay, Claude. Fr. naturalist, explorer, author... 1800 1863
Gay, Ebeuezer. Am. Unit, clerg. andauthor 1696 1787
Gay, Edward. Irish artist in America 1837 ....
Gay, John. English poet and dramatist 1685 1732
Gay, Marie Francois Soi>hie, Mme. Fr. novelist. . 1776 1852
Gay, Martin. American chemist 1803 1850
Gay, Samuel. American statesman 1755 1847
Gay, Sidney Howard. Abolitionist and author. .. 1814 ,
Gay, Walter. American artist 1856
Gay, Winckworth Allan. American artist........ 1821
Gayangos y Arce,,de, Pascual. Sp. hist., oriental 1809
Gayarr6. Charles Etieune Arthur. Am. historian 1805
Gayle, John. American lawyer and statesman... 1792 1859
Gayler, Charles. Am. dramatist and journalist. . 1.S20 ....
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis. French chemist 1778 1850
Gaza, Theodore. Greek reviver of Gr. literature. 1398 1478
Gazzaniga, Signora. Sard, vocal, and edu. in Am. 1825 ....
Gear, John Henry. American statesman 1825 ....
Geary, John White. Am. general and politician. 1819 1873
Geber, Abu-Musa Ja'far al-Sufi. Arab, chemist. . . fi. 8th c.
Ged, William. Scottish inventor of stereotyping. 1690 1749
Geddes, Alexander. Scot. R. C. Biblical critic... 1737 1802
Geddes, George. Am. statesman and engineer 1809 1883
Geddes, James. Am. engineer and statesman 1763 1838
Geddes, James Lorraiue, Scot, sold., poet in Am. 1827 1887
Geddes, John. American lawyer and statesman.. 1773 1828
Geddings, Eli. Am. physiciaii educator and w'r. 1799 1878
Gedney, Jonathan Haight. American inventor.. . 1798 1886
Gee, Joshua. American clergyman 1698 1748
Geefs, GuiUaume. Belgian sculptor 1806 1S60
Geel or Gall, Jakob. Dutch writer and critic 1789 1862
Gear, George Jarvis. American P. E. clergyman.. 1821 1885
Gear, von, Karl, Baron. Swedish naturalist 1720 1778
Geffcken, Friedrich Heinrich. German writer.. 1830 ....
Geffrard, Fabre. President of Hayti 1.806 1879
Gegenhaur, von, Joseph Anton. German painter 1800 1876
Geibel, Franz Emmanuel. German poet 1815 1884
Geigar, Abraham. Ger. rabbi and Biblical critic. 1810 1874
Gaiger, Emily. Revolutionary heroine 1760 ....
Gaijer, Eric Gustaf. Swed. historian and poet... 1783 1847
Gelkie, Archibald. Scotch geologist 1835 ....
Geikia, Cunningham. English cl. and author. .. . 1826 ....
Geikia, James. Scotch geologist 1839
Geislnger, David. American naval officer 1790 1860
Gaissenhainer, Frederick W. Ger.-Luth.cl. in Am. 1771 1838
Geissler, Henrich. Ger. mechanic and physician 1814 ....
Gelderen, van, Adolphus. Dutch educator ..1845 ....
Gelelemond. ("Kill-Buck"). Delaware chief.. .. 17.37 1811
Gell, William. Sir. Eug. archEeologist, traveler .. 1777 1836
Gellert, Christian F. German poet and moralist- 1715 1769
Gelli, Giovanni Battlsta. Italian writer 1498 1563
Gamistus, George. Ptetbo. Greek Platonic philo. .fl. 1430
Gemmili, John .\lexander. Canadian lawyer 1.S47 ....
Gamunder, .August. Ger. violin-maker iuAm 1814
Gendrin, August Nicolas. French physician 1796 1890
Genest or Genet, Edmond C. Fr. dipl.. Am. citiz 1766 1S34
Genevieve, Saint. Patron saint of Paris 422? 512
Gsnga, Girolamo. Italian painter, architect 1476 15.51
Genghis Khan or Jenghls Khan. Asiatic conq... 1154 1227
Genin, Francois. French philologist 1803 1856
Geniu, John N. Am. hat nianuf. and benefactor. . 1819 1878
Genlia, da, Fe-licite S., Countess. Fr. novelist.... 1746 1830
Gennes, de, Julien, Ct. Fr. nav. and inventor. ... 16.52 17M
Genoude, Antoine E. Fr. journalist, historian. .. 1792 1.849
Genovesi, Antonio. Ital. metaphys., pol. econ.. . 1712 1769
Genseric. King of the Vandals. Conqueror 406? 477
Gensonna, .\rmand. Fr. advocate, politician 17.58 1793
Genth, Frederick A. Ger. chemist in America 1820
Gentil, Jean Baptiste Jo.=eph. French writer 1726 1799
Gentry, Meredith P. American statesman 1809 1.866
Gentz, von, Friedrich. German publicist 1764 18.32
Gaoffrin, Marie T. R. French social leader 1699 1777
Gaoffrion, Felix P. C. Canadian statesman 1832
BOKN DIED
Geoffrey of Monmouth. English chronicler 1100? 1164
Gaoffroy, Jean. French painter 1853
Gaoffroy, Louis Julien, Abbe. Fr. litter., critic. 1743 1814
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaira, Etieune. Fr. zoologist.. 1772 1844
Gaoffroy Saint-HUaire, Isidore. Fr. zoologist... 1805 1861
George, James Z. Am. soldier and statesman 1826
George, Samuel C. Am. miss. edu.. benefactor... 1832
George, Saint. Patron saint of England 303?
George, Henry. American political economist... 1839 ....
George I., Lewis. King of Great Britain 1660 1727
George II., Augustus. King of Great Britain 1683 1760
George III., William F. King of Great Rritain... 1738 1820
George rV., Augustus F. King of Great Britain.. 1762 1830
George Podiebrad. King of Bohemia 1420 1471
George V. Ex- King of Hanover 1818 1878
Geramh, de, Ferdinand, Baron. Fr. trapnist 1772 1848
Gerando, de Joseph Marie. French philosopher 1772 1842
Gerard, Alexander. Scottish divine and writer.. 1728 1795
Gerard, Cecile Jules Basile. French officer 1817 1864
Gerard, Etieune Maurice, Count. Marsh. France 1773 1855
Gerard, Francois Pascal S., Baron. Fr. painter. 1770 1837
Gerard, James. Am. lawyer, senator, author 1822
Gerard, Jean Ignace Isidore. Fr. caricaturist... 1803 1847
Gerard-Thom or Tenque. Fd. ord. St. John of Jer 1040? 1121
Geraldinl, Alejandro. Italian statesman, author 1455 1525
Gerard, de, Rayneval C. A. Fr. diplomat in Am 1790
Gerard, James W. Am. lawyer and benefactor... 1794 1874
Gerbar, Ernst Ludwig. Ger. organist and writer 1746 1819
Gerbert, Martin, Baron von Hornau. Ger. writer 1720 1793
Gerdil, Hyacinthe S. Savoyard philosopher 1718 1802
Gerdy, Pierre Nicolas. French physiologist 1797 1856
Gerhard, Benjamin. Am. statesmau and author. 1812 1864
Gerhard, Ednard. German archjeologist 1795 1867
Gerhard, Wm. p. Ger. engineer and author in Am 1854 ....
Gerhard, Wm. W. Am. physician and author 1809 1872
Gerhardt, Charles FrOderic. French chemist 1816 1856
Gerhardt, Paulus. Ger. poet and Luth. preacher 1607 1676
Gerhardt, Karl. American sculptor 1853
Gerharet, Emanuel V. Am. Ger. Kef. cl. and edu. 1817
Gericault, Jean Louis Tht^odore A. Fr. painter. . 1791 1824
Garlach, von, Karl F.O. German theologian 1801 1849
Garlache, de, Etienne C, B. Bclg. hist, and stats 1786 1871
Germain, Saint, of Auxerre. French theologian. 380? 448
Germaine, Geroge.Lord. Vis.Sackville. Eng. stats 1716 1785
German, Obadiah. American statesman 1767 1843
Germamcus, Ccesar. Roman general b. c. 16 a. D. 19
Gerome, Jean L^on. French painter... 1824
Geronimo. Chief of Chiricahuus. Apache tribe. . fi. 1886.
Gerry, Elbridge. Fifth Vice-President of U. S... 1744 1814
Gerry, Elbridge Thomas. Am. lawyer and benef. 1837
Gerry, Samuel Lancaster. American artist 1813
Gerson, de, Jean Charlier. French theologian... 1363 1429
Gerstacker, Friedrich. Ger. traveler and writer 1816 1872
Garstar, Etelka. Hungarian singer 1857 ....
Garvais, John Lewis. Ger. statesman in Am 1753 1798
Garvinus, Georg Gottfried. Ger. hist, and polit'n 1805 1871
Gescheidt, Louis Anthony. Ger. phys. in Am 1808 1876
Geselschap, Eduard. Dutch painter 1808 1878
Gesenius, Friedrich HeinrichW. Ger. orientalist 1786 1842
Gesner, Abraham. Nova Scotian phys. and scien. 1797 1804
Gesner, von. Konrad. Swiss naturalist 1516 1565
Gessler. Austrian bailiff killed by WiUlam Tell 1307?
Gessner, Salomon. Swiss poet and painter 1730 1788
Gevaert, Francois Auguste. Belgian composer. .. 1828
Gayer, Henry Sheffie. Am. lawy'r, states.. soldier 1790 1859
Gfrorer, -Vugust Friederich. German historian.. 1808 1861
Ghazan Ehan. Mongol sovereign of Persia 12707 1304
Gherardasca. Ugolino della. Ital. part'n leader 1289
Gherardi, iiancroft. American naval officer 1832 ....
Ghiherti, Lorenzo. Italian sculptor 1378 1455?
Ghirlandaio. Florentine painter 1449 1494
Gholson, Samuel Jameson. Am. jurist and sold'r 1808 1883
Gholson, Thomas Saunders. Am. jurist, benefc'r 1809 1868
Gholson, William Yates. American jurist 1807 1870
Giaconeili, Hector. Fr. painter and engraver... . 1822
Glambelli or Gianibelli, Federigo. Ital. mil. eng fl. 1585.
Giannona, Pietro. Italian historian 1676 1748
Giannotti. Douato. Italian historian 1494 1563
Giardlni, Felice. Italian violinist and composer 1716 1796
Gibbas, Robert W. Am. physician and historian. 1809 1866
Gibbes, Robert Wilson. Am. phys. and educator 1831 1875
Gibbes, William H. American lawyer,soldier . .. 1754 1831
Gibbon, Edward. English historian 1737 1794
Gibbons, Abagail H. American philanthropist... 1801
Gibbons, Charles. American lawyer, statesman. 1814 1855
Gibbons, Edward. Eng. soldier, states'n in Am 1654
Gibbons, Grinling. Eng. sculp., carver in wood.. 1648 1720
Gibbons, Henry. Am. phys. and editor 1808 1884
Gibbons, James. Am. statesman and educator... 1736 1823
Gibbons, James. American cardinal 1834
Gibbons, Joseph. American philanthropist 1818 1883
Gibbons, James Sloan. American banker. writer. 1810
Gibbons, William. American phvs. and writer.. 1781 1846
Glbbs, Alfred. Brevet major-general, U. S.A 1823 1868
Gibbs, George. Am. antiquarian and lawyer 1815 1873
Gibbs, (ieorge. American mineralogist 1776 1833
Gibbs, Josiah Willard. Am. scientist and edu.. .. 1790 1861
Gibbs, Oliver Wolcott. American chemist 1822
Gibert da Montreuil. French troubadour fl. 12thc.
1734
G I B S 0 N — G L Y N N
BORN
GlUson, Charles Ben. Am. surgeon and writer. . . 1816
Gibson James. English colonist in America Ib90
Gibson, John. English sculptor. . .^. ^ I'W
Gibson John. American soldier and statesman.. 1740
Gibson, John Bannister. American jurist. .. . . 1/bO
Gibson, John Morison. Can. statesman, f oldJer. . Ib42
Gibson, Kandall Lee. Am. statesman and soldier 1S32
Gibson Robert Williams. Eng. architect in Am. lbo4
Gibson, Tobias. Am. M.E.cl. and pioneer.. .... inl
Gibson, William. American surgeon and writer. 1,88
Gibson, William Hamilton. Am. artist and auth. ISoO
Glddings, Joshua Reed. American statesman. .. . 17to
Giddings, Salmon. Am. Presbyterian missionary 1,82
Gldel, Charles Antoiue. French writer 1827
Glers Nicholai Carlovitch. Russian statesman. . 1820
Giesebrecbt, von, FriedrichWilhelm B. Ger.hist. 1814
Glesebuclit, Ludwig. Ger poet and historian 1,92
Gieseler, JohannKarl Ludwig. Ger.eecl. hist.. . 1^92
Glfford, Archer. American lawyer and writer. .. . 1/97
Glfford, Robert Swain. American artist. .......... 184U
Glfford, Sandford Robinson. American painter. . 182^
Glfford, William. Eng. journalist and critic ..... l,ob
Glger, George Musgrave. Am. clergy, and benef. . 1822
Glgnoux, Francois Regis. French painter 1816
Gigoux, Jean FranfOis. French painter. .. .^ J.W
Gibon, Albert Leary. Am. surgeon and writer.. . . ISW
Gllberg, Charles Alexander. Am. chess-player.. . 18oo
Gilbert, Abijah. American statesman isub
Gilbert, Benjamin. American author. I'll
Gilbert, David McConaughby. Am. Luth. clergy. 1886
Gilbert, Edward. American editor ■■■■_
GUbert, George A. Am. artist in water colors . ISId
Gilbert, Grove K. Am. geologist and scientist. . . 18«
Gilbert, Grove Sheldon. American artist 1805
GUbert, Humphrey, Sir. English navigator 1539?
Gilbert, John, Sir. English painter I»;7
Gilbert, John Gibbs, American actor 1810
Gilbert, John, Mrs. American actress 1801
GUbert, John Thomas. Irish historian. ..... .....182V
GUbert, Linda. Am. inventor and philanthropist 184/
GUbert Mahlon Norris. American P. E. bishop. 1848
GUbert, Nathaniel. Lawyer and missionary
GUbert, Nicolas Joseph Laurent. Fr. satiric poet l/ol
DIED
1865
1752
1866
1822
1853
1804
1868
1864
1828
1889
1873
1854
1859
1880
1826
1865
1882
1881
1780
1862
1877
i885
1-584
1866
Gilbert! Rufus H. Am. physician and inventor.
GUbert Walter B. Eng. organist and composer.
GUbert, William Kent. American physician....
GUbert, William S. English dramatic author ...
Gilchrist, John Borthwick. Scottish orientalist
GUcbrist, John James. American jurist
GUchrlst, Robert. Am lawyer and statesman. . .
Gilchrist, Robert Budds. .American jurist
GUchrlst, William W. -Am. musical composer..
Gilder Richard W. .American poet and editor..
GUder Wm. Henry. Am. M. E. cl. and educator.
Glider, William Henry. American explorer 18o8
GUdersleeve, Basil L. Am. scholar aud author.. Ibdl
Gilderslleve, Benjamin. Am. evangelist, editor. 1/91
GUes, Chauncey. Am. New Church clergyman. . . . 1813
GUes Henrv. Irish Am. Unit. cl. and author 1809
GUes, William Branch. American statesman.... 1^62
GUfert, Agnes. Eng. actress and educator 1/93
GUfert Charles. German theatrical manager 1/8/
GUflllan, Robert. Scottish poet.. 1,98
GUfiUin, James. Scottish jurist, soldier m Am... 1829
1832
1829
1830
1836
1759
1809
1825
1796
1846
1844
1812
1780
1885
1880
is4i
1858
1SS8
1856
1864
1875
is.s2
1S30
1883
1829
ISoO
1732
1697
1837
1490
UilUlllU, Jttiii«^=-. ...'v,«,,...T.. J..,....,
GU, Geronimo .Intonio. bpanish engraver.
GUI, John. English theologian and author-
GUI, Theodore N. .\iu. naturalist and educator
Gilles, Pierre. French nat. trav. and writer
GUlespie, Eliza Maria. American nun 1824
GUlespie, George. Scot. Presby. cl. in .America.. 168-5
GUlespie, George de Normandie. -Am. P. E. bp. .. 1819
GUlespie, William Mitchell- Am. civil engineer. 1S16
Gillete Ransom H. Am. lawyer aud statesman.. 1800
GUlett, Ezra H. Am. clergyman and author 1823
GlUette, Abram Dunn. Am. Bapt. cl,, educator.. 1807
Gillettt, Edward Hooker. Am. states., editor.... 1840
GlUette, Francis. Am. statesman and lecturer.. . 1807
GUlette, Wm. Hooker. .American actor 1853
Gilli, Philip Sauveur. Jesuit miss, aud author. .. ....
GUliams, Jacob. Am. physician and scientist.... 1784
Gillies, John. Scottish historian 1/4,
GUlis, John Pritchet. American naval officer — 180.3
Gilliss, James M. Am. naval officer, astronomer. 1811
GUlmore, Quincv Adams. American soldier 182o
GUlon, .Alexander. Dutch naval officer in Am — 1741
Gillott, Joseph. Eng. manufacturer steel pens... 1799
Gillray, James. Eng. engrav. and caricaturist... 17o7
Gilman, -Arthur. .Am. architect i ■ ■:^ ■■ Jill
GUman, .Arthur. .American educator and author 18.5/
GUman, Caroline Howard. American authoress. 1794
GUman, Caroline Howard. .American authoress
GUman, Chandler R. .\m. phys., edu-, author.. .
GUman, Daniel Coit. .\m. educator and writer.. -___
GUman, John Taylor. American statesman IToS
GUman, Nicholas. Am. soldier and statesman. .. liM
Oilman, Samuel, Am. Unitarian cl. and author... 1/91
GUman, Stella Scott. .American authoress .^■■
GUmer, George R. Am. lawyer aud statesman. . . 1/90
Gilmer, Jeremy Francis. Am. soldier and eng. . . 1818
1798
1771
1555
1887
1760
1868
1875
1882
1879
1764
1868
1836
1873
1865
1888
1794
1873
1815
1882
1823
1802
1831
1877
1865
1828
1814
1858
BORN DIED
Gilmer, Johu .\lexander. Am. edu. and statesm'n 1805 1868
Gilmer, Thomas W. Am. lawyer and statesman..
Gilmor, Harrv. .American soldier and author 1838
Gilmore, James Roberts. American author 1823
Gllmore, Joseph .A. Am. statesm., R. K. Supt 1811
Gilmore, Joseph H. .Am. Baptist cl. and edu 1834
GUmore, Patrick S. Irish baud master lu Am. . . . 1829
GUmour, Richard. Scot. R. C. bishop in .imerica 1824
GUpin, Bernard. English reformer
GUpin, Edward Woodward. .American jurist... .
GUpln, Henrv D. Eng. lawyer, scientist in Am.
Gilpin, Joshua. .American historian and poet. .
GUpin, Thomas. Am. scientist, manufacturer.
GUpin, Thomas. Am. inventor.
. manufacturer..
1517
1805
1801
1765
1728
1776
1844
188S
1867
1891
158S
1876
1860
1840
177t>
1853
1801
1863
1816
Gilpin' William. Am. lawver, statesman, soldier 1812
GUpln, William. English critic, biographer... ... 1724
GU y Zarate, Antonio, Don. Spanish dramatist.. 1/93
Glndely, .Anton. .Austrian historian 1829
Glnguene, Pierre Louis. French historian 1748
Ginisty, Paul. French novelist 1835
Ginkel, van, Godard,Earlof Athlone. D.gener. 1630? 1705
Ginzel, Joseph .August. Aus. church historian... I.s04 18/5
Gioberti, Viucenzo. It. philosopher, statesman.. 1801 1852
Giocondo, Fra Giovanni. It. arcliilect. antiquary 144.-)? lo25
Giordano, Luca. Neapolitan painter 1632 1705
Glorgione. Calli^d GioiQio Barbdii. It. painter. . 14,6.' 1511
Giotto. Floreutine painter and architect 12/b 1.S36
Gloux, Olivier. French naval officer and author. . 1818
Giovanetti. Giacomo. It. jurist, and economist. 1787
Giovanni, Vincenzo di. It. philos, philologist... I8.v2
Giovio, Paolo. Italian Latin historian 148:5
Giraldus Cambrensis. English historian... ..... 114/
Girard, Charles. Fr. naturalist aud authorm Am ].s22
Girard, Gabriel. French philologist
Girard Marc -\mable. Canadian statesman.
Girard, Pierre Simon. Fr. eng. and scien. writer l,h.>-
Girard Stephen. Am. bank'r. Fd'r Girard Col. 1750
Girardin de, Delphine Gav. Mme. Fr. authoress 1804
Girardin, de, Emile. French journalist. .. ....... 1SU6
Girardin, Jean Pierre Louis. French chemist. .. . 1803
Girardin, Louis Hue. -Am. educator and author. 1803
Girardin, Marc. Saint-Mure Girardin. Fr. journ. 1801
Girardon, Francois. French sculptor.. 1628
Giraud, Charles Joseph B. French jurist. 1802
r.ir-zi/iot.-Trir.Knn. Anne Louis. French painter.. 1/6/
1836
1795
1750
1824
1823
.1820
1849
1552
1236?
1678? 1748
1822 ....
1836
1831
1855
1881
1884
1875
1715
1882
1824
1855
1815
1876
1879
1872
1546
1850
1859
Girodet'-Trioson, Anne Louis. French pair
Girourd Desire. Can. statesman and author
Girouard, John Joseph. Can. lawyer and states.
Girty Simon. American leader of Indians
Gisborne, Frederic N. Eng. inventor in Canada
Giseke, Bernhard Ludwig. German philologist.
Giskra, Karl. Austrain statesman
Gislason, Conrad. Icelandic philologist 1806
Giudicl Paolo Emillani. Italian author 1819
Giuliani, Giambattista. Italiau writer 1818
Giullo Komano or Giulio Pippl. Italian painter. 1492
Giusti, Giuseppe. Italian satirical poet .._180J
Giustiriiani,AgostinoPantaleone. Genoese philol 14/0 153&
GJellerup, Carl Adolf. Danish writer 18d/ ....
Gladden, Washington. American clergyman 1836 ....
Gladstone, William Ewart. Eng. statesman 1809 .^.
Glaire, Jean Baptiste. French orientalist 1798 1879
Gladwin, Henry. British soldier .■■■ 1/Jl
Glaisber, James. English astronomer 1809
GlanvUl, Joseph. English philosopher .......... 16.* lw»
Glass Francis. Irish educator and author in Am 1/90 18i>
Glass! James W. American artist .... ^. ....;. ^ ■■ - 183o 18o7
Glass, Salomon. Ger. theologian and Hebraist. .. lo'J3 1656
Glassbrenner, Adolf. German humorist 1810 1876
Glasson, John J. American naval oflieer... ..■■ 1882
Glauber, Johann Rudolph. German chemist . ■ • ■ IWl
Glazier. Willard. American soldier and author, ibll
Gleason Frederick G. Am. musical composer. . 1848
Gleicben von, Friedrich W. Ger. naturalist.. . .. 1/1.
Gleig Georee Robert. Scottish divine and author 1/%
Gleim, Christian. American journalist 1^80
Gleim Johann Wilhelm Ludwig. German poet.. 1/19
Gleim John Godfried. German clergyman m Am ....
Glenn! James. American statesman ....
Glend6wer..rGleDdwr, Owen. Welsh chief tan.. 1359? 1416T
Glendy, John. Irish Presbyterian cl. in America .^.
Glendy William Marshall. Am. naval officer. . . . 1801
Glentwbrth, George. American physician.. ..^^. 1^
Glidden, George Dana B. American naval officer^ 1844
GUddon George Robins. American Egyptologi»t 1809
Glinka, Feodor Nikolaevitch. Russian writeiv^.. l/fe
Glisan, Rodney. American surt-eon and writer 1827
Glisson, Francis. Eng. physiciau and anatomist. I.i9,
Gllsson Olivers, .\merican naval officer ...... 18U»
Glossb^enner, John Jacob. Am. Moravian bishop 813
Glover, John Hawley. Sir. Gov. of Newfoundl'd. 1829
Glover, Joseph. American pnysician. 1/.S0
Glover Richard. Eng. poet and dramatist 1/12 l/&>
Glover, William. American statesman.. .._ 16,0 ....
Gluck, Chi istian Frederick. Gernian jurist .... l-w 1831
Gluok James Fraser. American lawyer, writer. . 1K.2 .^.
Gluck von, Christoph Wihbald. Ger. composer. 1/14 1787
Glumer,von .\dolph. Prussian general 1814
Glyn, Isabella. Scottish actress. .^ 182.-> .^
Glynn, James. American naval officer 1800 187J
1668
1 78a
1888
1861
1803
1757
1873
1792
1885
1857
1880
1677
i.S87
1885
1840
G M E I N E R — G 0 T T L I E B
1735
BOKN DIED
Gmeiner, John. Bavarian R. C. cl. aud author , , 1M7 —
Gmelln, Johann Friedrich. Ger. naturalist 1748 1804
Gmelin, Johauu Georg. German naturalist 1709 17oo
Gmelin, Leopold. Sun of J. F. German chemist.. 1788 1853
Gneisenau, von. August W. A. K. Prus. ti'ld mar 1760 1831
Gnelst, Rudolph F. H. H. Ger. pub., polit. writer 1816
Gobelin, Gilles and Jehan. Brolhns. Fr. dyers . fl. 1450
Goblneau, Joseph A., Count. Fr. writer aud dip. 1816 1882
Goblet d' Alviella, Eugeue, Count. Belgiau pulp. 1S46 —
Goddard, Calviu Luther. Am. inv. aud educator 1820 ....
Goddard, Josiah. Am.missiouary to China 1813 1854
Goddard, Paul Beck. Am. physician and author. 1811 1866
Goddard, William G. Am. journalist, statesman. 1794 1846
Godman, John D. Am. physician and lecturer, ., , 1794 1830
Godefroi, Denis. The Elder. French jurist 1549 1621
Godefroy de Bouillion. Fr. hero of first crusade 1058? 1100
Godet, FrOderic L. Swiss divine and author 1812 ....
Godfrey, Thomas. American soldier, author 1736 1763
Godfrey, Thomas. American mathenmtician. , .. 1704 1749
Godfrey of Bouillon. See Godefroy de BoviLLioN
Godin, Jean des Odonais. Fr. naturalist, author. 1712 1792
Godin, Isabel. Peruvian traveler 1728 —
Godin, Louis. French astronomer 1704 1760
Godiva. Ladv Godiva. Romantic Eng. heroine. . fl. lithe.
Godkin, Edwin Lawrence. Irish-Am. journalist. 1831 —
Godolpliin, Sidney, Earl of. English statesman.. 1630? 1712
Godon, Sylvanus William. Am. naval officer. 1809 1879
Godoy, de, I'ou M., Dukeof Alcudia. Sp. courtier. 17G7 1851
Godunoff, Boris Feodorovitch. Czar of Russia... . 1552 1605
Godwin, Earl of Wessex. English statesman 1053
Godwin, Parke. American journalist 1816
Godwin, William. English novelist 1757 1836
Goeben, von, August. Prus.sian general 1816 ....
Goedeke, Karl. German author 1814 1887
Goesbriand, de, Louis. Fr. R. C. bp.. Am. miss. . 1816 —
Goessmann. Charles A. Ger. chemist in .\merica 1827 ....
Goetchius. John M. Swiss phys. and cl. iu .Am... 1720 1800
Goethe eiv Gothe, von, Johann W. Ger. author. . . 1749 1832
Goetscbius, Johannes H. Swiss Presb. clerg 1718 1800
Goettling, Karl W. Ger. philologist aud historian 1793 1869
Goff, Nathan. Am. soldier aud statesman 1843 ....
Goffe, William. Eug. Puritan and regicide 1605? 1679?
Gogol, Nikolai Vassilievitch. Russian writer 1808? 1852
Gobier, Louis Jerome. Fr. politician and author. 1746 1830
Goicouria, de, Domingo. Cuban Revolutionist . 1799 1870.
Goldoni, Carlo. Ttal. dram, and comic author, ... 1707 1793
Goldsborough, Charles. American statesman.. .. 1760 1834
Goldsborough, Charles W. Am. public ofhcer — 1779 1843
Goldsborough, John Rogers. Am naval officer.. 1S08 1877
Goldsborough, Louis Malesherbes. Am. rear adm 1805 1877
Goldsborougtl, Robert. American statesman. ... 1733 1788
Goldsborough, Robert Heury. Am. statesman.. . 1780 1836
Goldscbmidt, Hermann. Ger. paiuter and astron 1802 1866
Goldschniidt, Paul. German orientalist 1850 1877
Goldscbmidt, Mme. Swedish vocalist. See Lind, Jenny.
Goldsmith, Oliver. Irish poet, hist, and novelist 1728 1774
Goldstucker, Theodor. Ger. Sanskrit scholar 1821 1872
Goldthwait, William C. .\m. educator, lecturer.. 1816 1882
Goldthwaite, George. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1809 1879
Goldthwaite, Heurv. American jurist, editor 1798 1847
Gollus, Jakob. Dutch orientalist 1596 1667
Golovnin, Vasili Mikhailovitch. Rus. navigator, 1776 1832
Goltzius, Hendrik. Dutch painter, and engraver. 1558 1617
Gomar, Francois. Flemish Calvinistic theologian 15G3 1641
Gomara.de, Francisco Lopez. Sp. historian.. , , 1510 —
Gombauld, de^ Jean Ogier. French poet and wit 1567 1666
Gdmez, Antonio. Mex. musician, mus. composer 1805 1876
Gomez, Antonio Carlos. Braz. musician and comp 1839 ....
Gomez, Esteban. Portuguese explorer 1478? 1530?
Gomez, Sebastiano. Spanish painter 1046 1682
Gomez-Farias, Valentin. Mexican statesman 1781 1858
Gom3Z, Pedraza Jlanuel. Mexican statesman. .. . 1789 1851
Gomez, Valentin. Argentine statesman, edu 1774 18.33
Gomm, William Maynard. Sir. English general. . 1782 1875
Gemot, Pierre Eugeue Hippolyte. Fr. politician. 1837 , , , .
Gonannhatenha, Frances. Am. Ind. con., martyr . , , . 1692
Goncourt,'de, Edmond L. A. H. French writer.. 1822
Gondi, de, Philippe Emanuel. French general, .. 1.581? 1662
Gondola, Giovanni di Francesco. Illyrian poet, . 1588 1638
Gongora y Argote, de, Luis. Spanisli poet 1561 1627
Gonsalvo de Cordova, Hernandez. Sp. warrior... 1443? 1515
Gonse, Louis. French art critic 1846 ....
Gontcnarof, Ivan Alex. Russian novelist l'<13
Gonzaga, de, Thomas A. C. Brazilian poet 1744 1807
Gonzaga, di, CJiovanni F. First Mnniuis Mantua 1.394 1444
Gonzalez de Berceo, Juan. Spanish poet 1198? 1268?
Gonzalez de Santa Cruz, Roque. S. Am. Jesuit.. 1576 1628
Gonzalez Del Valle, -\mbrosio. Cuban phvs., sci 1822 —
Gonzalez Del Valle, Jose Z. Cuban edn., auth . 1S20 1.851
Gonzalez Del Valle, Manuel. Cuban lawyer. . 1802 1884
Gonzalez, Jose Maria de Jesus. Mex. mis. to Cal 1803 1875
Gonzalez, Manuel. Mex. soldier and statesman. 1820 —
Gonzalez-Vigil, Francisco de Paula. Per. states.. 1792 1876
Gonzalo. See Gonsalvo de Cordova.
Gooch, Frank .\ustin. .\m. chemist and writer. . . 1852 , , , ,
■ Gooch, William, Sir, Bart. Eng. sold, in Am 16,S1 1751
Good, John ^itason. Eng. physician and author, ,. 1764 1827
Goodale, Dnr'i Read. Am. editress and poetess., , 1866 —
Goodale, Elaine. Am. poetess, edn., editress 1863 —
BORN DIED
Goodale, George Lincoln. American botanist — 1839 ....
Goodale, Nathan. American statesman 1741 1806
Goodall, Albert G. Am. bank-note engraver 1826 1887
Goodall, Frederick. English painter 1622
Goodall, William. Maltese phys., edu., writer 1829
Goode, George Brown. American ichthyologist. . 1851 ....
Goode, John. Am. lawyer, states., and diplomat. 1829 ....
Goode, William O. Am. lawyer and statesman 179S 1859
Goodell, William. Am. missionary aud writer 1792 1867
Goodenow, John M. Am. lawyer and statesman, 1782 1838
Goodfellow, Edward. American gov't oflicer 1S28
Goodfellow, Henry. Am. lawyer, Arctic explorer. 1S33 1885
Goodhue, Benjamin. American statesman 1748 1814
Goodhue, Jonathan. American merchant 1783 1848
Goodman, John. Am. physician and educator.. . 1837
Goodman, Walter. Eug. artist and jour, in Cuba. 1838
Goodrich, Aaron. American jurist 1807
Goodrich, Charles A. Am. clergyman and author 1790 1862
Goodrich, Charles R. .\m. naturalist and editor. 1829 1655
Goodrich, Chanucey. Am. lawyer and statesman 1759 1815
Goodrich, Chauncey. -\m. clergyman, historian, 1817 1868
Goodrich, Chauncey -\llen. Am. lexicographer,, 1790 I860
Goodrich, Elizur. Am. clergyman and writer. . , 1734 1797
Goodrich, Elizur. Americanjurist, educator..., 1701 1849
Goodrich, Frauk Boott. American author 1826 ....
Goodrich, Samuel Griswold. American author,, 1793 1860
Goodrich, William H. Am. clergyman, writer... 1.S25 1874
Goodsell, Daniel Ayres. -American M. E. bishop. 1840 ....
Goodson, John. Eng. physician, statesman in Am — 1727
Goodwin, Daniel. Americanjurist 1799 1887
Goodwin, Daniel. American lawyer and author.. 1832 .,,.
Goodwin, Daniel Raynes Am. clergyman, edu... 1811 —
Goodwin, Isaac. American lawyer and author. ., 1786 1832
Goodwin, Ichabod. Am. statesman and sailor 1706 1882
Goodwin, John Abbott. Am. statesman and auth. 1624 1884
Goodwin, John Xoble. Am. lawyer and statesm,. 1824 ....
Goodwin, Nathaniel. American genealogist 1782 1855
Goodwin, Wm. Frederick. Am. lawyer and hist. . 1823 1872
Goodwin, William Watson. Am. classical scholar 1831
Goodyear, Charles. American inventor 1800 1860
Gookm, Daniel. English author in America 1612 1687
Gookin, Nathaniel. American clergyman 1688 1734
Gopcevic, Spiridion. Austrian writer 1855 —
Goppert, Heinricb Robert. German botanist 1800 1884
Gordon, Adoniram Judson. Am. Baptist cl 1836 —
Gordon, -Andrew R. Scot, exp'r and surv. in Can. 1831 ....
Gordon, Charles Geo. Vhimsr Gnrddii. Eng. gen... 1833 1885
Gordon, Clarence. Am. public oflicer and anth.. , 1635 —
Gordon, Cicorge. Eng. political agitator 1750 1793
Gordon, George Henry. American soldier. 1825 1886
Gordon, George Phineas. Am. i>rinter, inventor. 1810 1878
Gordon, George W. ^'est Indian insurgent 1865
Gordon, James Alex., Sir. British naval oflicer., 1782 1869
Gordon, James D. Presby.miss. to Erromanga 1872
Gordon, John Brown. Am. lawyer, statesman — 1632
Gordon, Lucv, Lady Duft. Eng. trans, aud writer 1821 1869
Gordon, Patrick. Eng. soldier and gov. of Penn. 1644 1736
Gordon, Thomas. Scottish statesman in Am 1722
Gordon, Thomas F. American lawyer, historian. 1787 1860
Gordon, William. Eng. clergyman and author. ,, 1729 1.S07
Gordon, ^^■illiam R. Am. D. Ref. cl. and writer, , 1611
Gordon-Cumming, Constance F. Scot, trav.w'r. WA'i
Gore, Catherine G. English novelist 1799 1801
Gore, Christopher. .\m. statesman and diplomat 1758 1827
Gorgas, Josiah. American soldier and educator, . 1818 1883
Gorgei or Gorgey, -Arthur. Hungarian general.. , 1818 ..,
Gorges, Ferdinando.Sir. Eng.lordprop'tary Maine 1565? 1647
Gorges, Ferdinando. Eng., grandson of preceding 1629 1718
Gorgias, Greek rhetorician and sophist B.C. 187? 360?
Gorham, Benjamin. Am. lawyer and statesman. , , 1775 1855
Gorham, John. American physician and chemist 1783 1829
Gorham, Nathaniel. American statesman 1738 1796
Gorham, Nathaniel. American pioneer 1826
Gorman, Arthur Pue. American statesman 1839 —
Gorman, John Barry. American physician 1793 1864
Gorman, Willis A. Am. statesman and soldier... 1614 1876
Gori, -\ntonio Francesco. Italian antiquary 1091 1757
Gorostiza, de, Manuel E. Mex. dip., dramatist.. 1789 1851
Gorres, Johann J. German publicist and author 1776 1648
Gorrie, Peter D. Scottish cl. and author in Am, . 1813 1684
Gorringe, Henry Honevchurch. Am. naval oflicer 1,S11 1885
Gorrit.l, Jose Y. "Argentine soldier and benefactor 1770 1636
Gortchakof, .'ilexahderM., Prince. Ru. statesman 1798 1883
Gortchakof, Mikhail, Prince. Ru. commander ,. 1795 1861
Gortchakoff,Peter D., Prince. Russian general, , 1769 1868
Gorton, Samuel. Pioneer settler in Rhode Island 1600? 1667
Gortz, Georg Henrik, Baron. Swedish statesman 1719
Goschel, Karl Friedrich. Germ, jurist and author 1764 1861
Goschen, George Joachim. English statesman... . 1631 —
Gosfor-", .\rchibald A., Earl of. Eng. states in Can 1775 1849
Gosnold, Bartholomew. Eng. voyager to Am 1607
Gosse, Edmund William. Eng. poet and critic... 1849 —
Gosse, Philip Henrv. English naturalist 1810 1888
Gosselin, Pascal Francois Joseph. Fr. geographer 1751 1830
GORZCzvitski, Severinns. Polish poet.. 1800 1676
Got, Francois Jules Edmond. French comedian. 1822 —
G6tne. See Goethe.
Gottheil, Gustave. Polish ref. Jewish cl. in Am. . 1827 —
Gottlieb, Johann. Austrian chemist 1875
1736
GOTTSCHALK — GREEN
BOBK
Gottsclialk, Louis 51 Am. pianist, composer 1829
Gottschall, von, Karl Rudolph. Ger. poet, norlst 1S23
Gottssched, Johann Christoph. Ger. author, critic 1700
Gotwald, Luther Alexander. Ajn. clergyman — 1833
Gouge, William M. Am. author, C. S. treas. clerk 1796
Gough, Hugh. Viscount. British tield marshal. . . 1779
Gough, John Bartholomew. Am. lect. on temper. 1817
Goujon.Jean. French sculptor and architect — 1515?
Gould, Augustus Addison. American naturalist. 1805
Gould, Benjamin A. Am. educator, merchant — 1787
Gould, Beujamin A., Jr. American astronomer.. 1824
Gould, Edward Sherman. American author 1808
Gould, Emily Bliss. Philanthropist, edu. in Italy 1825
Gould, Hannah Flagg. American poetess 1789
Gould, James. American jurist 1770
Gould, Jay. American capitalist 1836
Gould, John. English ornithologist 1804
Gould, John S. Am. scientist aud humanitarian 1810
Gould, John \V. American author 1814
Gould, Nathaniel Duren. Am.musician.edu 1781
Gould, Thomas R. American sculptor 1818
Gould, Walter. American artist 1829
Goulding, Francis Robert. Am. cl. and author. .. 1810
Gouldlng, Thomas. Am. clergyman and educator 1786 .
Gouley, John William S. Am. phys. and educator 18S2
Gounod, Charles Francois. Fr. musical composer 1818
Goupil, Rene. Fr. miss, and martyr in Canada... 1607
Gourgaud, Gaspard. Baron. French general 1783
Gourgues, de, Dominque. French soldier looO
Gourko, Nieolai V. Count. Polish-Russiau gen... 1828
Gourlay, Robert F. Scot. stat. and auth in Can.. 1778
Gournay, de, Marie le Jars. Fr. writer, editress. 1566
Gousset, Thomas Marie Joseph. Fr. cardinal 1792
Gouvea, de, Atonio. Port, jurist and philos 1505
Gouvlon, Jean Baptiste. Fr.eng. and sold, in Am 1747
Gouvlon Saint-Cyr, Laurent. Marshal of France I7(i4
Gove, William H. Am. statesman and writer 1817
Govlnda Singh. Chief of the Sikhs 1661
Govone, Giuseppe. Italian soldier and statesm'n 1826
Gowan, James Robert. Irish jur. and edu. in Can 1817
Gowan, Oale Kobert. Irish sold., statesm in Can 1796
Gowans, William. Scot, antiq. b'k seller in Am.. 1803
Gowen, Frauklin Benj. Am. lawyer, R. R. pres.. 1S36
Gower, John. English poet 1330
Gowrle, John R.. Earl of. Scottish nobleman 1577
Goyenechey Barreda Jos6 M. S.Am, soldier 1775
Goyeneclie y Barreda Jos4 S. Peruvian R. C. bp. 1784
Gozlan, Loon. French dramatist 1803
Gozzadini, Giovanni, Count. Ital. bis. and archse ISIO
Gozzl, Carlo, Count. It dramatist and novelist... 1722
Gozzoll, Benozzo. Florentine painter 1420
Graaf, van, Regnier. Dutch phys. and physiol.. 1641
Grabbe, Christian Dietrich. Ger. dramatic poet. 1801
Graberg von Hemso, Jakob. Swedish geographer 1776
Gracchus, Cains Sempronius. Roman states. B.c .160?
Gracchus, Tiberius S. Roman statesman B. c. 168?
Grace, Thomas L. American R. E. bishop 1814
Gradenigo , Pietro. Doge of Venice 1250
Grsme, John. Scottish poet 1748
Graeme, Thomas. Scot. phys. and stats, in Am.. 1688
Graevius (Ger. Gravius), Johann G. Ger. scholar 1622
Grafe, von, .Albrecht. Soji oj J. O. Ger. oculist. 1828
Grafe, von, Alfred Carl. German surgeon 1830
Grafe, von, Karl Ferdinand. German surgeon... 1787
Graff, Frederick. Am. engineer and inventor — 1775
Grad", John M. German Moravian bishop in Am. 1714
Graffenried, de, Emanuel, Baron. PioueerinAm —
Grafton, Edward C. American naval officer
Grafton, Joseph. American Baptist clergyman.. 1757
Graham, Andrew. Rev. soldier and physician
Graham, Charles K. Am. civil engineer, soldier, isai
Graham, David. Eng. lawyer, author in Am 1808
Graham, George. Eng. mechanician, watchmaker 1675
Graham, George. Am. soldier and statesman 1758
Graham, George. Am. lawyer, soldier, banker... 1772
Graham, Gieorge Rex. Am. lawyer, journalist... 1813
Graham, Hemy Hale. English jurist in America 1731
Graham, Isabella. Scot, edu., humanita'n in Am 1742
Graham, James. .\m. lawyer and statesman 1793
Graham, James D. Am. sold., topographical eng. 1799
Graham, James L. Am. diplomat and scientist.. 1S35
Qraham, John, of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee 1644
Graham, John. Scottish clergyman in America. 16M
Graham, John. American divdomatist 1774
Graham, John Andrew. Am. lawyer and author. 1764
Graham, John Hodges. American naval officer... 17iW
Graham, John L. Eng. lawyer, pub. offic'rinAm 1797
Graham, Sylvester. Am. vegetarian advocate — 1794
Graham, Thomas. Scottish chemist 1805
Graham, William .\. .\m. lawyer and statesman. 1804
Grahame, James. Scottish historian 1790
Grainger, James. Scottish phys. and author 1723
Gram, Jens fr Hans. Danishphilologist 1685
Gramaut, de, .^ntoine A. F., Duke. Fr. dlplom.. 1819
Gramont, de, Philibert,Comte. Fr. courtier — 1621
Granada, de, Frav Luis. Spanish pulpit orator.. 1504
Cranberry, John C. Am. M E. bp. and educator 1829
Qranby, John .Manners. Marquis of. Eng. general 1721
Orand-Carteret, Jean. French litterateur 1£E0
DIED
1869
1766
1863
1869
1886
1572
1866
1859
1885
1875
1866
1838
1881
1874
1S3S
1864
1881
issi
1848
1642
1852
1593
i863
lt»5
1866
1566
1792
1830
1876
1708
1873
i876
1870
1889?
1408
1600
1846
1872
1866
1887
1806
1497
1673
1836
1847
121
133?
isii
1772
1772
1703
1870
1840
1847
1782
17S5
1876
1836
1785
is52
1751
1826
1830
1790
1814
1851
1865
1876
1689
1774
1820
1841
1878
1876
1851
1869
1875
1842
1767
1748
ld80
1707
1588
1770
BORN DIEB
Grandi, Guldo. Italian mathematician 1671 1742
Grandin, Vital Justin. Fr R. C. bp. in Canada. . 1829
Grandmont, de, Louis. French Buccaneer 1645 16S6
Grandmougin, Charles Jean. French poet 1850
Grandpre, de, Louis M. J. O., Count. French nav 1761 1S4C
Granet, Francois ilarius. French painter 177i 1849
Granger. Amos Phelps. Am. soldier, statesman. 1821 1ST6
Granger. Daniel Tristram. American lawyer 1807 •.Sat
Granger, Francis. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1792 1868
Granger, Gideon. American statesman 1767 1822
Granler de Cassagnac, Bernard A. Fr. journalist 1808 1886
Granler de Cassagnac, Paul M. P. Fr. jour., pol 1813
Granja, de la, Juau. Sp. statesman, journalist.. 1785 1863
Grannls, Theodore C. American journalist 1831 1-87*
Grant, Alexander. Sir. British scholar 1826 IS.'^-
Grant, Anne. Scottish author 1765 1838
Grant, Asahel. Am. missionary and educator 1S07 1844
Grant, Clement Rollins. American artist 1849
Grant, Francis. Sir. Scottish artist 1804 1878
Grant, George Monroe. Kova Scotian educator.. 1836
Grant, James. Scottish novelist 1822 1888
Grant, James .\lex.. Sir. Scottish phys. states 1829
Grant, James Augustus. Scotch traveler 1827 1998
Grant, James Hope, Sir. British genera] 1808 1875
Grant, Julia Dent. Wife of President Grant 18^ . ..
Grant, Robert. American author 1852 ....
Grant, Robert Edmund. Scot, physiol., zoologist 1793
Grant, Ulysses S., Gen. Eighteenth pres. of U.S 1822 1885
Granvelle, de, Antoine P.. Cardinal. Sp. states . 1517 158«
Granville, George. Baron L. Eng. auth.. politic'n 1667 1735
Granville, Granville G. L. G.. Earl. Eng. slates. 1815 1891
Granville, John C. Earl. English statesman 1690 1763
Grass, Philippe. French sculptor 1801 1876
Grasse-Tilly , de, Francois J. P. Comte. Fr. admr. 1723 1788
Grassi, John. Italian Jesuit missionary 1778 1849
Grassman, Herman Giinther. Ger. mathema 1809 1877
Gratacap, Louis Pope. Am. scientist and author 1850 —
Gratiot, Charles. Am. soldier aud engineer 1788 1855
Gratry, Auguste J. A., Abb^. Frei ch theologian 1805 1872
Grattan, Henry. Irish orator and statesman... 1750 1820
Grattan, Thomas Colley. Irish lawyer, author.. 1796 1864
Grau, Miguel. Peruvian naval officer 1834 1879
Graul, Karl. German missionary 1814 1864
Graumann, Johann Philipp. German financier. . 1690 1762
Graun, Karl Heinrich. Ger. musical composer. . 1701 1759
Graux, Georges Edouard. French statesman 1843 ....
Gravel, Elphige. Canadian R. C. bishop 18:"8
Graves, Adelia C. Am. educator and authoress.. 1821 ....
Graves, James R. Am. Baptist cl. and author 1820
Graves, fcichard. Irish theologian 1763 1829
Graves, Thomas. English naval officer in Am 1606 1653
Graves, Thomas, Lord. British admiral 1725 1803
Graves, William J. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1805 1848
Graves, Zwinglius Calvin. American educator.. 1816 —
Oravesanoe, van Bj \Vm. J. xiutcu piui.,matn.. looo 1742
Gravier, Jacques. French missionary in America — 1708
Gray, Asa. American botanist 1810 1888
Gray, Albert Zabriskie. American P. E. clergyman 1840
Gray, Alfred G. American naval officer 1818 1876
Gray, Alonzo. American educator 1808 1869
Gray, David. Scottish journalist 1836 1888
Gray, Edgar Harkness. Am. Baptist clergyman. 1815 —
Gray, Elisha. American inventor and scientist.. 1836 ...-
Gray, Elizabeth Chipman. Am. benefactress 1756 1823
Gray, Francis Calley. Am. lawyer and philan 1790 184S
Gray, George. American statesman 1726 1809
Gray, George. American lawyer and statesman.. 1840 ....
Gray, George Edward. American civil engineer. 1818
Gray, Geo. Robert. Eng. entomol. and ornithol.. 1808 187B
Gray, George Zabriskie. Am. P. E. clergyman... 1828
Gray, Horace. American jurist 1828 ....
Gray, Henry Peters. American painter 1819 1877
Gray, IsaacPusey. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1828 ...
Gray, James. Irish clergyman and edu in Am... 1770 1834
Gray, John Chipman. American lawyer 1793 1881
Gray, John Edward. EngUsh naturalist 1800 1875
Gray, John Hamilton. Can. statesman, author.. 1814 —
Gray, John Perdue. Am. phys. expert on insanity 1825 1886
Gray, Robert. Capt. Am. disc, of Columbia river 1755 1806
Gray, Solomon S. American inventor 1820 —
Gray, Thomas. English poet 1716 1771
Gray, William, -im. merchant and statesman... 1750 1825
Graydor, Alexander. Am. soldier and author... 1752 1818
Graydon, William. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1759 1S40
Grayson, John Breckenridge. Am. soldier 1807 1868
Grayson, William. Am. lawyer and statesman 1799
Grayson, William. American statesman 1786 1868
Grayson, William J. Am. lawyer, statesman 1788 1868
Graziani, Antonio Francesco. Italian vocalist... 1829 —
Greatorex, Eliza. Irish artist in America 1819 —
Greatorex, Elizabeth Eleanor. American artist. 1854
Greatorex, Henry Wellington. Eng. mus. in Am. 1816 1858
Greatorex, Kathleen Honors. American artist.. 1851 —
Greatrakes, Valentine. Irish empiric 1628 17081
Greaves, John. Eng. orient, and mathematician 1602 1651
Greble, John Trout. Am. soldier and educator. .. 1834 —
Greeley, Horace. Founder of "X. Y. Tribune.".. 1811 187J
Greely, Adolphus W. Am. sold., arctic explorer. 1844 ....
Green, Alexander L. P. Am. M. £. cl., publisher 1806 UM
GREEN — GROS
1737
BORN
Green, Anna Katharine. American authoress 1S46
Oreen, Ashbel. Am. Presbyterian cl. and author niS
Green, Beriah. American reformer 1794
Green, Charles. American naval oiflcer 1S14
Green, Dufl. American lawyer and journalist I7sO
Green, Ezra. Am. physician and statesman 174ii
Green, Francis. American soldier and .-rtatesman 1742
Green, Francis Mai shall. American naval otticcr 18:55
Green, Henry Woodhull. American jurist 1802
Green, Horace. Am. physician, editor and author 1802
Green, Jacob. American clergyman and physician 1722
Green, Jacon. Am. lawyer, scientist and author 1790
Green, James S. American lawyer and statesman 1817
Green, John. .\m physician and philanthropist. . 17&4
Green, John. .American physician and educator. 1835
Green, John C. .\m. merchant and ]ihilanthropist ISOO
Green, John Orne. American physician 1799
Green, John Orne. American surgeon and writer 1^1
Green, Johu Richard. English historian 1887
Green, John Thompson. American jurist 1827
Green, Jonathan H. Am. reformed gambler 1813
Green, Joseph. American statesman and poet. .. 170G
Green, Joseph F. .Aimericau naval officer 1811
Green, Joseph Henry. Eng. anatomist, ^vriter, .. 1791
Green, Louis W. Am. clergyman and educator. .. 1.S06
Green, Norvin. Am. physic'ian and capitalist,... 1818
Green, Samuel Abbott. Am phys.. antiquarian.. 1830
Green, Seth. American fish culturist 1817
Green, Thomas Hill. En^ philosophical writer. 1K.36
Green, Traill, Am. physician and chemist 1813
Green, Wharton Jackson. Am. soldier, statesm'n 1840
Green, William H. .A.m divine and Hebraist 1825
Green, William A. Am. physician and chemist.. 1834
Green, William M. Am.P. E. bishop and edu 1798
Greene, Albert Collins. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1791
Greene, .\lbert Gorton. Am. statesman, writer. . 1802
Greene, .\sa. .\merican hookseller and author, . 1788
Greene, Charles Ezra. Am. engineer and writer. 1842
Greene, Charles G. .\m. journalist, statesman, ., 1S04
Greene, Charles W. Am. physician and scientist 1840
Greene, David. American clergyman and editor, 1791
Greene, Frances H. .\m. author and editress, , , , 1805
Greene, Francis Viulou. .\m.soldierandeugineer 18,50
Greene, George Sears. -\m. soldier and engineer. 1801
Greene, iTcorge Sears, Jr. .\m. civil eugiuccr.. ,. 1837
Greene, George Washin,gtou. American'author. . ISll
Greene, Xathiuiiel. .\m. journalist and author. .. 1797
Greene, Nathaniel. Am. Revolu'y. major general . 1742
Greene, Robert. English dramatist 15C0?
Greene, Ray. American lawyer and statesman... I7G5
Greene, Samuel Dana, .\merican naval officer... 1839
Greene, Samuel S. Am. educator and author 1810
Greene, Theodore P. Canadian naval officer 1809
Greene, William. Am. Gov. of Rhode Island 1G95
Greene, Wm. Batchelder. .\m. cl.. sold., writer, . 1819
Greene, William H. Am. chemist and educator.. 1854
Greene, William, Jr. Am. Ciov. of Rhode Island.. 1731
Greener, Richard T. Am. lawyer and educator. . 1844
Greenfield, Elizabeth T. Blnck Siran. Am. vocal 1808
Greenhow, Robert. .\m. physician and lecturer, 1800
Greenleaf, Benjamin. Am.au. of math. textbooks 1786
Greenleaf, Simon. American jurist 1783
Greenleaf, Ezekiel Price. Am. philanthropist... 1790
Greenleaf, Jonathan. Am. cl. and editor 1785
Greenleaf, Moses Am. author and soldier 1778
Greenough, Francis Boott. -\m. phys. and edu.. 1837
Greenough, George B. Geol. and physical geog. . 1777
Greenough, Hfenry. ,^m. architect and author... 1807
Greenough, Horatio, .\merican sculptor 1805
Greenough, Richard Saltonstall. Am.scv 'or. 1819
Greenough, Sarah Dana, .-imerican aut.i , . 1827
Greenup, Christopher. Am. lawyer and si,. . :,_7.50
Greenwald, Emanuel. Am. miss, and editor 18U
Greenwood, Francis W. P. .4m. cl. and author... 1797
Greenwood, Isaac. .\m math and educator 1702
Greenwood, James M. Am. educator and writer. 1836
Greenwood, Miles. American manufacturer 1807
Greer, David HummeJl. Am. P. E. clergyman 1844
Greer, James A. .American naval officer. : 183.S
Ore ey, Edward. Eng. nav.ofli'r, dr. auth in Am.. 1835
Gremer, Pierre EugC'ue. French jurist 1819
Greg, Percy. English author 1836
Greg, William Rathbone. English essayist 1809
Gregg, Alexander. Am.P. E. bp., lawv'r, and w'r. 1819
Gregg, .Andrew. Am. educator and .statesman, . . 17.S5
Gregg,James. American educator and statesman 1781
Gregg, Mnxey. American lawyer and soldier 1814
Gregg, William. Irish cl. and edu. in Canada. , , . 1817
Gregory "/ Nyssa, Saint Greek father of chnrch. .332
Gregory nf Tours, Saint. Early Fr, historian ., . 5.'!8
Gregory, David. Ncphrw nf Jampn. Scot, math, , 16R1
Gregory, Daniel S. Am. clergyman and author.. 1832
Gregory, Dudley S. Am. R. R. director, philan. . isflo
Gregory, Eliot. American artist and sculptor 18,54
Gregory, Francis Hoyt. American naval officer.. l7Sa
Gregory, Frank M. American artist 1848
Gregory, James. Scot.geom. Inv. refl. telescopes lfi.38
Gregory, John Milton. Am. clergyman, author.. 1822
Gregory, OllntbusG. Eng. math, and philosopher 1774
DIED
I84S
1874
1887
1,S75
1,847
1809
1876
1866
1796
1841
1870
1865
1875
1886
1883
1875
1863
1863
1888
1882
1887
1863
1868
1837
is86
1866
1875
188S
1877
1786
1592
1849
1884
1SS3
1887
1768
1878
1809
i876
1854
1864
1853
1886
1865
1834
1854
1S83
1852
i885
1818
1885
1843
1745
1885
1890
1881
i.8.35
1852
1862
S9.5?
.594
1708
1874
1866
1675
1841
BORN DIED
Gregory, Samuel. Am. educato^r, philanthropist. 1813 1872
Gregory, William,Dr. Chem. and w'r on chemistry 1858
Gregory I. Saint. The Greut. Pope 642 604
Gregory VII. Hildrhmyifl^ Snint. Pope 1020 1085
Gregory XIII. rgo Buoueoni)iagni. Pope., 1502 1.585
Gregory XVI. Bartolommeo A. C'apellari. Pope.. 1765 1846
Gregory Nazlanzen, Saint, Bji. of Constautiuople 828 389?
Gregory Thaumaturgus, Saint. Bp. Neo-C£esarea 210? 270?
Oregon, Luigi. Italian artist and sculptor in Am 1819
Greig, Johu. Scot, laiv^-er and statesman in Am. 1779 1858
Greluer, John. .\m. temp, lecturer and statesman 1810 1871
Grellet, Stephen. French missionary in America 1773 1855
Grennell, George. Am. jurist and R. R. president 1786 1877
Orenville, Cieorge. English statesman 1712 1770
Grenville, Richard, Sir. English naval ofBcer... 1.540 1691
Grenville, Thomas. English diplomatist in Am, . 1755 1847
Greppo, Louis. French politician 1810
Gresham, Thomas. Sir. Eng. merchant and dlplo 1519 1579
Gresham, Walter Q. Am. jurist and statesman.. . 1832
Greswell, Edward, Rev. TheoL.chron. writer 1797 1869
Gr6try, Andre E. M. French musical composer. 1741 1813
Oreuze, Jean Baptiste. French painter 1725 1805
Oreville, Fulke, Lord B. Eng. poet, philosopher 1554 1628
Orfevy, Francois J. P. Pres. of the Fr. Republic. 1807 ....
Grevyle, Lord Charles Montague. Am. statesman 1741 1784
Grey, Charles, Earl. Prime minister of England. 1764 1845
Grey, Henry George. Earl. English statesman.,, 1802
Grey, Jane, Lady. Noble and gifted Eng. lady.., 1537 1-554
Grey, Zachary. LL. D, Anglican cl. and writer.., 1687 1766
Grlheauval, de, Jeau Baptiste Vaquette 1715 1789
Grlbojedof, Alexander S. Russian dramatist 1795 1829
Gridley, Jeremiah. American lawver and writer 1702 1767
Gridley, Philo. American jurist 1796 1854
Gridley, Richard. American major general 1711 1796
Grieg, Edvard, Norwegian com jioser 1.S43
Grier, Robert Cooper. Am, jurist and educator, , 1794 1870
Grier, William Nicholson, Am, edu, and soldier lxi2 1885
Grierson, Benjamin H, Am. soldier, explorer... 1826
Grieshacn, Johann J. German Biblical critic 1745 1812
Griffenfeld, Peter. Danish jurist and statesman. 1655 1699
Griffin, Cyrus. American jurist 1749 1810
Grifl&n, Ebenezer, American lawyer 1789 , ..
Griffin, Edmund Dorr, American" scholar 1804 1830
Griffin, Edward Dorr, Am. cl. and educator 1770 18.37
Griffin, George, American lawver 1778 1860
Griffin, Gerald, Irish novelist and poet 1803 1840
Griffin, Gllderoy W, Am, lawyr,, diplo., author,, 1840
Griffin, Julia A. Nurse in the American civil war 1832 1891
Griffin, Nathaniel Herrick, Americau educator.. 1814 1876
Griffin, Samuel P. -American navigator 1826 1887
Griffin, Simon Goodell. Am. lawyer and slates,. 1824
Griffin, Solomon Bulkley. American journalist. . 1852
Grlffis, William Elliot. Am. cl. and writer 1843
Griffith, David. Am. P. E, cl, and physician 1742 1789
Griffith, Robert E. .-Vm, physician and scientist., 1798 1850
Griffith, William. Euglish naturalist 1810 1845
Griffiths, John Willis, American naval architect 1809 1882
Griffitts, Samuel Powell, Am. phys, and editor. . 1759 1826
Grigg, John, Eng. bauker, philanthropist in Am. 1819
Grigshy, Hugh Blair, Am. historical scholar 1806 1881
Griialva, de, Juan, Spanish explorer in Mexico 1.527
Orillet, Jean, French missionary and writer 1630 1675
Grillparzer, Franz, German dramatist., , 1791 1872
Grimaldi, Giovanni F, II Bolnflnixi . Ital, painter. 1606 1680'
Grimes, James Wilson. Am. statesm.. philan 1816 1872
Grimke, Frederick. .\m. jurist and author 1791 1868
Grimke, John Faucheraud. Am jur. and author. 1752 1819
Grimke, Sarah Moore. Am, reformer and author 1792 1873
Grimke, Thomas Smith. Am, scholar and philan 1786 18,34
Grimm, Friedrich MelchioT, Baron, Gcr, writer, 1723 1807
Grimm, Jakob Ludwig Karl, Ger, philol.. jurist. 1785 1863
Grimm, Wilhelm Karl. Bro.oJ J.L.K. Ger. philol 1786 1859
Orlmshaw, William, Am, author of school books 1782 1852
Grinnell, Henry, Am, merchant and benefactor, 1800 1874
Orinnell, Josepih, Am. merchant and statesman 1789 1855
Grinnell, Josiah Bushnell. Am. cl. and statesm'n 1821
Grinnell, Mosf s Hicks. American statesman 1803 1877
Grlscom, John, Am, educator and lecturer 1774 1852
Griscom, John Haskins, Am. phys. and human., 1809 1874
Grisebach, Angnst Heinrich. German botanist . 1814 1879'
Griselda 07- Griselidls. Legendary It, heroine fl, 1100?
Grisi, Giulia, Italian opera singer 1810 1869
Grlswold, Alexander Viets. Am, P, E, bishop. ... 1766 1843-
Grtswold, AlphoTisoM, Am, journalist,, author.. 1834 —
Griswold, (^asimlT Clayton, American artist. . .. 1834 ,,.,
Griswold, Hattie Tyng," .\m. educator, authoress 1842 —
Grlswold, John A. Am. mnn., builder of Monitor 1818 1872
Grlswold, Matthew. American statesman 1714 1799
Grlswold, Roger. .American statesman 176£ 1812
Griswold, Rufns Wllmot. Amerimn author 1815 1857
Griswold. Stanlev. Am. editor and stnresman, , , 1763 1815
Grocyn, William; Prof, of Greek, at Oxford. Eng 14-12 1519
Oroen van Prinsterer, Willem. Dutch historian 1801 1876
Groesbeck, William S. .\m. lawyer, stotesmnn,. 1815
Gronovius or Gronov, Jakob, Ger, philologist... 1645 1716
Oronovlus "<■ Gronov, Johann F. Ger. critic Ifll 1671
Groome, James Black. Am. lawver. statesman, . . IS."^
Oroot, Gerhard, Fdr. of Breth.andCl.ofCom.Life 1840 1384
Oros, Autoine Jean, Baron. French painter 1771 1865
1738
GROSE — GYULAI
BORN DIED
Grose, William. Am. statesman aud soldier 1812
Gross, Albert H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1844
Gross, John D. Ger. clergyman, educator in Am 1737 1S12
Gross, Samuel David. American surgeon 1805 1884
Gross, Samuel Wcissell. Am surgeon, writer 1887
Gross, William H. Am. R. C. miss, archbishop.. . 1837
Grosse, Julius Waldemar. German author 1S28 —
Grosseteste I"- Greathead, Robert. Brit, theolo.. 1175? 1253
Grossi, Tommaso. Lombard i»oet aud novelist. . . 1791 1853
Grossniith, Johu. English chemist and author., . 1814 1867
Grote, George. English historian 1794 1871
Grote, Harriet L., Mrs. Wife of George Grote. ... 1792 1878
Grote, Johu. Eug. cl. and philosophical writer.. 1813 1866
Groteiend, George F. German archceologist 1775 1853
Grotius or De Groot, Hugo. Dutch jurist 158:3 1645
Grouchy, de, Emmanuel. Marquis. Fr. general.. 1766 1847
Grousset, Paschal. Fr. journalist aud novelist. . 1844
Grove, William R., Sir. English physicist 1811 ...
Grover, Henry M,, Rev. Rel., scient.. dram. w'r. 1791 1866
Grover, Lafayette. Am. la»vyer and statesman. . . 1.S23 ....
Grow, (ialusha Aaron. American statesman. ... . 1824 ....
Growdon, Joseph. Eug. statesman in America 1738
Growdon, Joseph. Eug. jurist in America 17.50
Growdon, Lawrence. American jurist 1694 1770
Grube, Bernhard A. Ger. Moravian miss, in Am. 1715 1808
Grnber, Johanu G. Ger. scholar aud cyclopedist, 1774 1851
Grund, Francis J. Bohemiali diplomat and jour. 1805 1863
Grundtvig, Nicolai F. S. Danish author 1783 1.872
Grundy, Felix. American statesman aud jurist. 1777 1840
Gruneisen, Karl. Ger. theologian aud writer — 1802 1878
Gruner, Wilhelm Heinrich L. German engraver l.SOl 1882
Gruppe, Otto Friedrich. German writer 1804 1876
Gruter 0?' Gruytfere, Jan. Flemish antiquary 1560 1627
Griitzner, Eduard. German painter 1846
Gruyer, Fraufois Anatole. French art critic 1823
Grymes, John Randolph. Am. soldier and lawyer 1788 1854
Grynjeus, Simon. Ger. Ilelleuist aud theologian 149S 1.M1
Gryphius, Andreas. German poet 1G16 1664
Guadet, Marguerite E. Fr. orator, lead'g Girondist 1758 1794
Gual, Pedro. South American patriot t794 1862
Guanoalca. Araucanian cacique 1530 1591
Guardla, Tomas. President of Costa Rica 1832 1.S82
Guardiola, Santos. President of Honduras 1812 1862
Guarionex. Hay tian cacique 1.502
Guarini, Giovanni Battista. Italian poet 1537 1612
Guarinl da Verona. Reviver of classical learning 1370 1460
Guarneri, Giuseppe Antonio. Violin maker 1683 1745
Gubernatis, de, Angelo. Italian author 1840 ....
Gubert, iLouise. American nun and ^'ocalist 1882
Gudin, Jean .\utoine T. French marine paiuter. . 1802 1880
Guelph '"■ Welf, //"'. Guelfo. Noble Ger. family.
Gnemes y Horcasitas, Juan F. Sp. statesman. .. 1682 1768
Guemes y Horcasitas, Juan V. Viceroy of Mex. 1734 1799
GuSneau de Montbfeliard, Philibert. Fr. natnrl 1720 1785
Guenfee, Antoiue. Fr. ecclesiastic and writer — 1717 1803
Guenucalquin. Araucanian cacique 1599 1634
Gueranger, Born Prosper. Fr. Benedictine monk 1806 1875
Guerard. Britjamiit Kdmc Charles. Fr. archa?olo'st 1797 1854
Guerard, Charles Henri. Fr. painter, engraver.. 1846 ....
Guercino, Gio.-anul F. Barbieri. Italian painter. »91 1666
Guericke, Heinrich Ernst F. Ger. theologian — 1803 1878
Guericke, von. Otto. German physicist 1002 16S6
Gu6r n, Alpbonse Francois Mane." Fr. s\ir^eon. . 1817
Gu6rln, Honore Victor. French archseologist. . .. 1821 ....
Gu6rin, Jean Baptiste Pauliu. French painter. .. 1783 1885
GuSrin, Pierre Narcisse, Baron. French painter. 1774 1833
Guerin, de, EugOuie. French authoress 1805 1843
Gu6rin, de, Georges Maurice. French poet 1810 1839
Guernsey, Alfred Hudsou. American editor 1S25
Gueronnlere, Viscount L. E. A D. II. de la. Wr.. 1816 1865
Gueroult, Adolphe. French journalist 1810 1872
Guerrazzi, Francesco Domeuico. Italian author. 1805 1873
Guerrero, Vicente. Mulatto president of Mexico 1783? 1831
Guesclin. See Du Guesclin.
Guess, George. Inventor of Cherokee alphabet.. 1770? 1843
Guest, Johu. English jurist in America 1707
Guest, John. .\i;neric»n naval officer 1821 1879
Guettaid, Jean Etienne. Fr. botanist and miner. 1715 1786
Guggenbuhl, Louis, tiermau physician 1816 1863
Guglielmi, Pietro. Ital. musiciaii and composer. 1727 1804
Guglielmini, Domeuico. Italian mathematician. 1655 1710
Guhl, Ernst Carl. German art historian 1819 1862
Guibert, de, Jacques A. H., Count. Fr. auth., sold 1743 1790
Gulcclardini, Francesco. Italian historian 1482 1540
Gulccioli, Teresa CConutess. Friend of Byron 1801 1873
Guidi, Carlo Alessaudro. Italian lyric poet 1650 1712
Guldl, Filippo Maria. Italian Cardinal 1815 1879
Guldlocionl, Cristoforo. Italian poet 1530 15S2
Guidlcini, Giuseppe, .\rchitect and painter 1812 1868
Guldo, Guerra. Italian military captain 0.12.54
Guirto delle Colonne. Sicilian historian fl. I3lh c
Guldo Renl. Italian paiuter 1575 1642
Guldo y Spano, Carlos. Argentine poet 1832 —
BORN DIED
GulSfrey, Georges M. Fr. writer and politician.. 1827 1887
Gulgnes, de, Joseph. French orientalist 1721 1800
Gulgniaut, Joseph Daniel. Fr. scholar, antiquary 1794 1876
Guigues, Joseph E. B. Fr. R. C. bishop in Can. . . 1805 1874
Guild, Curtis. American journalist and author. . 1827 ....
Guild, Reuben Aldridge. Am. librarian, author. . 1822
Guillard, Nicolas Francois. French lyric poet. . . 1752 1814
GuUlaume. French painter on glass.' 1475 1537
Guillaumet, Gustave Achille. French painter.. 1840 1887
Guillemeau, Jacques. French surgeon 1520? 1613
Guillemet, Jeau Baptiste Antoine. Fr. artist 1842
Guillemin, Amadee Victor. French scientist 1826
GuUlon, Marie N. S., Abbi?. French author 1760 1847
Guillotin, Joseph Iguace. French physician 1738 1814
Guilmeth, Alexandre Anguste. Fr. archeeologist 1807
Guinand, Pierre Louis. Swiss optician 1748 1824
Guiney, Louise Imogen. American poetess 1861
Guinzberg, Aaron. Bohemian rabbi, educator. .. 1812 1873
Gulraud, Pierre M. T. A., Baron. Fr. dramatist.. 1788 1847
Guiscaru, Robert. Nor.conq. First duke Calabria 1015 1085
Guischard, Karl CiOttlieb. German author 1724 1775
Guise, de, Charles, Cardinal de Lorraine. Fr. stat. 1524 1574
Guise, de, Francois de Lorraine, Due. Fr. general 1519 1563
Guise, de, Henri I. de Lorraine, Due. Fr. general. 1550 1588
Guise, de, Henri II. de Lorraine, Due. . .'. 1614 1664
Guizot, Frau(;ois P. G. Fr. historian, statesman.. 1787 1874
Guldin, John C. Am. clergyman and editor 1799 1863
Gulick, Peter Johnson. American missionary .. . 1797 1877
Gumllla, Jose. Spanish Jesuit, miss., naturalist. 1690 1758
Gummere, John. American mathematician 1784 1845
Gummere, Samuel R. Am. educator, author 1789 1866
Giinderode, von, Karoline. German poetess 1780 1806
Gundlach, Juan. Cuban naturalist ISIO
Gunn, Donald. Scottish jurist and author 1797 1878
Gunn, Frederick William. American educator. .. 1816 1881
Gunn, James. Am. lawyer and statesman 1739 1801
Gunnison, Johu W. American engineer 1812 1853
Gunter, Edmund. Eng. math, and astronomer.. 1581 1626
Giintlier, Anton. German philosopher 1785? 1863
Gurley, Phineas Densmore. Am. clergyman 1816 1858
Gurley, Ralph Randolph. American colonizer.. . 1797 1872
Gurney, Francis. Am. soldier aud benefactor 1738 1815
Gurney, Goldworthv, Sir. English inventor 1793 1875
Gurney, John Hampden, Rev. Writer 1802 1862
Gurney, William, .\merican military otiicer 1821 1879
Gurowski, Adam. Coiuit. Polish patriot, author. 1805 1866
Gustafson, Azel Carl Johan. Swedish author 1847
Gustafson, Zadel Barnes B. Ameircan authoress 1840
Gustavus 5i('. Gustaf I. King of Sweden 1496 1.560
Gustavus Adolpbus or Gustavus II. King of Sw 1.594 1632
Gustavus III. King of Sweden 1746 1792
Gustavus IV., Adolphns. King of Sweden 1778 1837
Gutenberg, Johanu Ger. reputed inv. of print'g IJOO? 1468
Gutheim, James Koppel. Am. rabbi and educator 1817 1886
Gutters, Karl. Swiss artist and educator 1844
Guthrie, Alfred. Am. phys., mechanical engiueer 1805 1882
Guthrie, Edwin. Am. physician and soldier 1806 1847
Guthrie, James. American lawyer, statesman... 1792 1869
Guthrie, John Julius. American naval officer 1814 1877
Guthrie, Samuel, .^m. chemist and inventor 1782 1848
Guthrie, Thomas, D. D. Scotch clergyman, auth. 1803 1873
Guthrie, William. Scottish historian 1708 1770
Gutierrez de Estrada, Jost^ M. Mex. statesman. 1800 1867
Gutierrez de Lara, Bernardo. Mexican patriot. . 1778 1814
Gutierrez, Josv Nicolas. Cuban phys., educator. 1800 —
Gutierrez, Santos S. .\m. soldier and statesman 1820 1872
Guts-mutns, Johanu C. F. Fdr. Ger. sys. of gym. 1759 1839
Gutzkow, Kiirl Ferdinand. Oierman novelist 1811 1878
Giitzlaff, Karl. Prus. missionary. Chinese schl'r 1803 1851
Guy, Louis. C"r:adiau soldier and statesman.. .. 1768 1840
Guy, Peter. .diau publicist 1738 1812
Guy, Seyn ^-eph. English artist in -Am 1824
Guy, Th'on.f. . English philanthropist 1643 1724
Guy, William. English missionary in America... 1689 1761
Guy, William -Augustus. English physician 1810 1885
Guyon, Jeanne M. B. de la M.,Mme. Fr. mystican 1648 1717
Guyot, .Arnold H. Swiss nat. aud geog. in Am — 1807 1884
Guyton de Morveau, Louis B. Fr. chem. and w'r. 1737 1816
Guzman, ."ignstin. Guatemalan soldier 1849
Guzman-Bianco, Antouio. Pres. of Venezuela. .. 1.830 —
Guzman, de, Alfonso P. T/if G""''. Sp. commander 1258 1309
Guzman, de, Xuno Beltran. Spanish conqueror. — 1544
Guzman, de, Rui Diaz. S. American historian.. . 1544 ....
Guzman, Joaquin Enfrasio. Cent. Am. statesman 1801 1875
Gwilt, Joseph. English architect 1784 1863
Gwin, William. American naval officer 1832 1863
Gwin, William McK. Am. phys. and statesman. . 1805 1885
Gwinnett, Button. Siguerof Dec. of Independence 17.32 1777
Gwynn nr Gwlnn, Eleanor. Miss. Chas. II of Eng 16.50 16.87
Gwynne, John Wellington. Irish jurist in Canada 1814 —
Gyflngybsy, Istvan. Hungarian poet 1620 1704
Gyrowetz, Adalbert. Bohemian composer 1763 1849
Gyulai, Franz, Count. Hungarian general 1798 1868
HAANSBERGEN — HALLER
1739
H
BORN DIED
Haaaabergen.van, John. Painter of Utrecht. Iti42 1705
Haas, Johu Matthew. Ger. geogr. and hist lt;84 1742
Haas, de, Johu Philip. American general 1735? 1794?
Haas, William. Swiss type founder and printer.. 1741 1800
Haase, Friedrich Gottlob. H. C. Ger. philol 1808 1867
Hahakkuk. Prophet of Judea fi. b. c. 600?
Habberton, John, .\mericaa author Ijv42
Haberlin, Franz Doniiuicus. German historian. 1720 1787
Haberstiam, Alexauder Wylly. Am. naval officer 182G 1883
Habersham, James. English statesman
Habersham, John. American statesman 1754 1799
Habersham, Joseph Clay, .\merican physician.. 17110 1855
Habersham, Richard Wylly. .\m. statesman 1786 1842
Habert, Francis. French poet 1520? 1.5112?
Habert, Isaac. Fr. bishop and Anti-Jansenist 1668
Habert, Philip. Fr. academician, poetical writer li;05? H);J7
Habert, Pierre Joseph, Baron. French general. .. 1773 1825
Habicht, C'hristiiui Maximilian. Ger. orientalist 1775 1839
Hachette, Jean Nicolas Pierre. French math 176ii ls:i4
Hackaert, "iHakkert, John. D. landscape pt'r. 1036 1G99
Hackert, Jacob Philip. German painter 1737 1807
Hackett, Horatio Balch. Am. Biblical scholar... 1808 1875
Hackett, James Henry. American actor 1800 1871
Hackett, John Ketallas. American lawyer 1821 1879
Haokieman, Pleasant Adam. Am. states., sold'r. 1814 1866
Hacklander, von, Friedrich Wilhelm. Ger. w'r. 1816 1877
Hackley, Charles Elihu. Am. phys. and author . 1836
Hackley, Charles \V., Rev. Mathematical writer. 1809 1861
Hackspan, Theodore. Ger. orientalist, theolo.. . 1007 lCw9
Hacquet, Balthasar. French naturalist 1740 1815
Haddik von, Andrew, Count. Ger. field marshal 1710 1790
Haddock, Charles B. Am. author and educator. . 1796 1861
Haddock, George C. American cl. and poet 1832 1886
Haddock, Johu A. Aeronaut 1823
Haden, Francis S . Eng. surgeon and etcher 1818
Hading, Jeanne A. T. Called .faiit-. Fr. actress. . 1859
Hadji Knalfa. Turkish historian 1058
Hadley, -Arthur T. .American political economist 1856 ....
Hadley, Henry Hamilton. American educator. . . 1826 1864
Hadley, James. Am philo.. professor of Greek. . 1821 1872
Hadley, John. English mathematician 1744
Hadrian or Adrian. Roman emperor 76 138
Haeckel; Ernst Heinrlck. German naturalist.. . 1834 ....
Haen, van, Anthony. Dutch medical writer 1704 1776
Haenke, Thaddeus Is. Am. naturalist, author 1761 inn
Haerlem, van, Theodore jr Diik. Dutch painter 1410? 1470
Hafenreffer, Samuel. German medical writer., . l.iS7 1660
Haffner, Karl.. -Ger. novelist and dramatist 1815 1876
Hafiz, Kwaia. ^liuiii.^-iKUJin Muhnmmad. Per. jioet .. . 1.389
Haga, Godfrey. Ger. philanthropist in America. 1745 1825
Hagarty, John Hawkins. Irish jurist in Canada. 1816 ....
Hagedorn, von, Friedrick. German poet 1708 1754
Hagen, Ernst August. German writer on art. . .1797 1880
Hagen, Hermann August. Ger. entomologist 1817
Hagen, Theodore. Ger. musician in America 1823 1871
Hagen, von der, Friedrich H. Ger. philologist. . 1780 1856
Hagenbach, Karl Rudolf. German historian 1801 1874
Hager, Albert David. American geologist 1817
Hager, John Sharpenstein. American statesman. 181S
Hagert, Henry Scheil. Am. lawyer and author... 1826 1885
Haggard, Henry Rider. English novelist 18.56
HagEe, l.ouis. Belg. painter, lithograjiher in Eng 1803 1885
Hagner, Peter. American fiimncier - 1772 1850
Hagood, Johnson. Am. lawyer. natural scientist. 1771 1816
Hague, .Arnold .American geologist 1840 ....
Hague, James Duncan. Am. mining engineer. . . . 1836 ....
Hague, William. .\m. clergvman and author 1808 1887
Haguenier, John. French poet 1738
Haguenot, Henry. Medical writer of Montpelier 1687 1775
Hann, August. CJerman theologian 1792 1863
Habn, Philip Matthiius. German mechanician. . . 1730 1790
HShnel, Ernst Julius. German sculptor 1811 ...
Hahnemann Samuel C.F. Ger. homeo. phvs... 1755 1843
Hahn-Hahn, von, Ida M. L. S.F. G., Countess... 1805 1880
Hahn Michael. German politician in America... 18.30 1686
Haldlnger, Wilhelm. Cierman geologist 1795 1871
Haidt, John V. German artist and evangelist... 1700 1780
Haight, Benj. I. Am. clergvman and educator . . 1809 1879
Haight, Henry Huntly. Am. law. and statesman. 1825 1878
Haines, Alanson. Am. clergyman and author ISW ....
Haines, Daniel. .Am. lawvcr and statesman i801 1877
Haines, Richard. T. Am. hut. and philanthropist 1795 1870
Haines, Thomas Byrson. .\m. lawver and soldier 18.38 1862
Hakluyt. Richard. Eng. hist, and geographer 1553 1616
Halbig, Johanu. German sculptor 1814 1882
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman. .Am. nat. and phil. 1812 1880
Halderman, John Acoming. Am. diplomatist.... 18.33
Haldiman, Frederick, Sir. British general 1718 1791
Hale, Hi-njamiu. Am. clergyman and educator.. . 1797 1863
Hale, Charles. .Am. journalist and statesman.... 1831 1882
Hale David. Am. journalist and philanthropist. 1791 1849
Hale ; Edward Everett. Am. cl. and author 1822
Hale, Edwin Moses. Am. physician and author.. 1829 ....
Hale, Ellen Day. American artist 1855 ...
Hale, Enoch. American physician and author 1790 1848
Hale, Eugene. American lawyer and statesman . 18,36 ...
Hale, George Silsbee. Am. lawyer and author. . . 1825 . .
BOBN
Hale, Horatio. .Americau ethnologist 1817
Hale, John. American clergyman and author — 1636
Hale, Johu Parker. American statesman 1806
Hale, Lucretia Puabodv. American authoress.. . . 1820
Hale, .Matthew, Sir. English jurist and writer... 1609
Hale, Nathan, Capl. Am. patriot. Ex. as a spy.. 1755
Hale, Nathan. Am. journalist and statesmai 1784
Hale, Nathan. Am. journalist and educator 1818
Hale, Robert. .Am. physician and statesman 1703
Hale, Robert Safford.' Am. lawyer and statesman 1822
Hale, Salma. .Am. historian and statesman 1787
Hale, Sarah Josepha. born Buell. Am. authoress. 1788
Hale, Susan. American artist and authoress 18.38
Hales, John. English divine and critic 1584
Hales, Stephen. English natural philosopher 1677
Hales, William, D.D. Irish divine and author 1769
Hal6vy, Jacqties Francois F. E. French composer 1779
Halfevy, Joseph. French orientalist 1827
Halevy, Leon. French poet and dramatist 1802
Halovy, Ludovic. French litterateur 1834
Halford, Henry, Sir. English physician 1766
Haliburton, Brentou, Sir. American jurist 1773
Haliburton, John. American physician 1739
Haliburton, Thomas C. N. S. humorist and hist. 1797
Halifax, Chas. M.. Earl of. English statesman. .. 1661
Halifax, George S.. Marquis of. Eng. statesman. . 1630
Halifax, Samuel. Bp. of St. Asaph. Ed. of Butler 1733
Halket, Anne, Lady. Eng. med. and theo. writer. 1622
Hall, Allen .A. .Am. journalist and diplomatist
Hall, .Andrew Douglass. American physician 1833
Hall, Anne. .American artist 1792
Hall, Arethusa. Am. educator and authoress 1802
Hall, Asaph. American astrouomer 1829
Hall, Basil. Scottish traveler and author 1788
Hall, Baynard Rust. Am. clergyman and author. 1798
Hall, Benjamiu Homer. .American author 1830
Hall, Caldwell K. Brevet Brig.-General U. S. vols 1839
Hall, Charles Francis. .American arctic explorer. 1821
Hall, Charles Henry. .Americau clergyman 1820
Hall, Charles Hershall. Am. physician and editor 1835
Hall, Christopher Webber. American geologist.. 1845
Hall, Dominick .Augustine. American jurist 1765
Hall, Edwin. American clergyman and author. . . 1802
Hall, Fitzedward. Am. philologist in England... 1S25
Hall, Francis. English journalist in America. .. . 1785
Hall, Frederick. American teacher and author. . 1780
Hall, George. American statesman 1795
Hall, George Henry. American artist 1825
Hall, Gordon. Americau missionary 1784
Hall, Granville Stanley. .American "psychologist. 1845
Hall, Harrison. .American author '. 1785
Hall, Henry Bryan. English engraver 1808
Hall, Hi land. Americau jurist and historian 1795
Hall, Isaac H. .Am. oriental scholar and author. . 18:J7
Hall, James. Americau clergyman and educator. 1744
Hall, James. American authorand judge 1793
Hall, James. .American geologist 1811
Hall, James, Sir. Scottish scientific writer 1760
Hall, John. English poet 1627
Hall, John. American jurist 1767
Hall, John. Irish clergyman in America 1829
Hall, John Elihu. American author and educat'r 1783
Hall, Jonathan Prescott. American jurist 1796
Hall, Joseph. English bishop and author 1574
Hall, Louisa Jane Park. .American poetess 1802
Hall, Lyman. .American statesman 1725
Hall, Marshall. English physician 1790
HaU, Nathan Kelsey. -American statesman 1810
Hall, Nathaniel. .Am. clergyman, philanthropist 1805
HaU, Newman. Eng. dissenting minister, author 1816
Hall, Robert. English Baptist divine 1764
Hall, Robert Bernard. American clergyman 1812
Hall, Robert Newton. Cauadiau jurist 1836
Hall, Robert Pleasants. Am. lawyer and author. 1825
Hall, Samuel. American jurist 1797
Hall, Samuel Carter. Irish author and critic 1800
Hall, Samuel Read. American educatoi 1795
Hall, Sarah. American authoress 1761
Hall, SC, Mrs. Anna M. Fieldinri. Ir. authoress. 1805
Hall, Thomas. American organ builder 1791
Hall, Thomas MifHln. .Am. physician and author. 1798
Hall, Willard. .Americau lawyer and statesman 1780
Hall, William. .American soldier and statesman 1774
Hall, William. .American soldier and publisher. . 1796
Hall, William P. .American soldier and author.. . 1820
Hall, William Whitty. Fr. physician and author 1810
Hall, Willis. .American lawyer and statesman.. . . 1801
Hallam, -Arthur Henry. Es.sayist and poet 1803
Hallam, Henry. English historian and critic... 1777
Hallam, Lewis. English theatre manager 1714
Hallam, Lewis. English actor 1738
Hallam, Robert .Alexander. Am. cl. and author. . 1807
Hallam, William. English theatre manager 1712
Halleck, Fitz-Grcene. American poet 1790
Halleck, Henry Wager. Am. gen. and mil. writer 1815
Halle, -Anthony French Latin poet 1593
Halle, Claude Guy. Fren h painter 2652
Halle or Halley, Peter. Fr. civilian and poet — 1611
Haller, von, Albrecht. Swiss physiologist 1708
1700
1873
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1776
1863
1871
1767
1881
1866
1879
1656
1761
1831
1862
1883
1844
1860
1808
1865
1715
1696
1790
1699
1867
i863
1844
1863
1870
1871
1820
1877
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1843
1868
1826
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1884
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1833
1859
1756
1808
1877
1758
1867
1872
1675
17.36
1689
vm
1740
HALLER — HARDING
BORN DIED
Haller, von, Amadeus Emanuel. Hist.,nuinis... 17o5 1786
Haller.John. German sculptor 1782 1836
Hallett, Benjamiu. Am. ship-master aud Evan.. 1760 1849
Hallett, Benjamin F. Am. statesman and jour... 1797 1862
Halley, Edmund. Eng. astronomer and math. ... 1656 1742
Halliday, Andrew Sir. Eug. phvsician and writer — 1840
Halllday-Duff, Andrew. British writer 1830 1877
Hallier, Francis. French theologian 1595 1659
Hallifax, or Halifax, Samuel. Bp.Editor of Butler 1733 1790
Halliwell-Pllllllpps, James O. Eng. anti. philol.. 1N20 1889
Hallock, Charles. Am. journalist and author 1834 ....
Hallook, Gerard. Am. journalist and philan 180U 1866
Hallock, Jeremiah. American clergymau 1758 1820
Hallook, Mary Angeline. American authoress 1810
Hallock, Moses. Am. clergyman and educator. .. 1760 18:37
Hallock, William Allen. Am. editor and author.. 1794 1880
Hallowell, Richard Price. American merchant. . 1835 —
Halma, Nicholas. Abb^. Fr. scholar and writer.. 1755 1828
Halplne, Charles G.J/((f s 0'i?f j»i/.Ir.-A. jr., poet. 1829 1868
Hals, Fraus. Dutch painter 1580 or 1581 16G6
Halsall, William Formby. Eng. artist in America 1844 —
Halsbury, Hardinge S. G. Eng. criminal lawyer 182o —
Halsey, George Armstrong. Am. manufacturer.. 1827 —
Halsey, Leroy Joues. Am. clergyman and author 1812 —
Halsey, Luther. American clergymau 1794 1880
HalEtead, George Bruce. Am. mathematician — 1853 —
Halstead, Murat. American jourualist 1829 —
Halstead, Schureman. American philanthropist 1805 1868
Halsted, Byron David. Am. agri'st. and educator 18.52 . .
Halsted, Nathaniel Norris. Am. merch. and phil. 1.816 1884
Halsted, Oliver Silencer. Am.'jurist and author.. 1792 1877
Halst.ed, Oliver spencer. American lawyer 1827 1871
Haltaus, Christian Gottlob. Ger. archaeologist. . 1702 1758
Halyburton, Thomas. Scottish divine 1674 1712
Hamaker, Heudrik Arens. Dutch orientalist — 1789 1835
Hamann, Johauu Georg. Ger. philosopher 1730 1788
Hamberger, George .\lbert. Ger. mathematician 1662 1716
Hamberger, George Christopher. Ger. scholar.. 1729 1773
Hamberger, Georg Eberhard. Ger. physician — 1697 175.5
Hamblin, ThomasSowcrby. English actor 1800 1853
Hamel, du, John Baptist. French divine 1624 1706
Hamel, duMonceau, Henry Louis du. Fr. bot.. 1700 1872
Hamel, Joseph. Dr. Writer on physical science. . 1788? 1862
Hamer, Thomas L. Am. soldier and statesman 1846
Hamerllng, Robert. German ;uovelist 1830 —
Hamerton, Philip Gilbert. English author 1834
Hamilcar Barca. Carth. gen. Father of Haunibal e. c. 229
Hamilton, -A.le.'jander. Am. lawyer and statesm'n 1757 1804
Hamilton, Allan McLane. Am. phys. and author 1.S48
Hamilton, Andrew. Scotch lawyer in America . 1676 1741
Hamilton, Andrew Jacksou. American states.... 1815 1875
Hamilton, Anthony, Count. French courtier — 1646? 1720
Hamilton, Augustus C. Am. physician, author.. 1S2S 1851
Hamilton, Charles. Am. lawyer and soldier 1837 .. .
Hamilton, Cyrus. American educator, author... 1811 1834
Hamilton, David. Scottish architect 1768 1813
Hamilton, Elizabeth. Am. wife of Alex Hamilton 1717 1S54
Hamilton, Emma, Lady. Friend of Nelson 1761 1815
Hamilton, Frank Hastings. Americau surgeon. . 1813 1886
Hamilton, Gavin. Scotch historical painter 1730? 1797
Hamilton, George Francis, Lord. Eng, statesm'n 1815 —
Hamilton, Hugh. Ap. Ossorv. Irish math 1729 1805
Hamilton, James, first Duke of. Dcfea'd at Preston lOOC 1649
Hamilton, James. Author of Ufuitilloninji Sij.<tf:m 1769 1.S31
Hamilton, James. Americau statesman 1786 18.57
Hamilton, James. Am. philanthropist and author 1793 1873
Hamilton, James. British clergyman 1814 1867
Hamilton, James. Irish artist in ..Vmcrica 1819 1878
Hamilton, James Alexander. .\ni. law. and stat. 1788 1878
Hamilton, John. Can. senator and ship-builder. 1802 1882
Hamilton, Johu. Cau. merchant and statesman. 1827 1887
Hamilton, John Church. American lawyer 1792 1882
Hamilton, John McLure. American artist 183S
Hamilton, John William. .\m. clergyman 1845
Hamilton, Kate. Anu^rican authoress
Hamilton, Morgan Calvin. .i\u . statesman 1.S09 —
Hamilton, Patrick. Scottish reformer 1503 1627
Hamilton, Paul. American statesman 1762 1816
Hamilton, Philip. .-Vmerican jurist 1802 1.S84
Hamilton, Robert. Scot. math, and polit. eoono. 1743 1829
Hamilton, Thomas. English author '1789 1842
Hamilton, William. K. A. Scot, historical painter 1750 1801
Hamilton, William, Duke of. Taken at Wore 1616 1652
Hamilton, ^^■ilIiavn, of Bangonr. Poet 1704 1754
Hamilton, William, Sir. British antiquary 1730 1803
Hamilton, William. Sir. Scot, phil., metaphys. . . 17.88 1866
Hamilton, William Gerard. M.D 1729 1796
Hamilton, William J. Eng. geol. and traveler. . . 1806 1867
Hamilton, William Richard. Eng. archfeologist. 1777 1859
Hamilton, William R.. Sir. Irish astron.,geom.. 1805 1865
Hamilton, William Tiffany. ,\ni. statesman 1820 1888
Hamley, Edward B.. Sir. Eng. military writer. .. 1.S24 —
Hamlin, Hannibal. American statesman 1S09 1891
Hamllne, Leonidas L. Am. Methodist bishop 1797 ISia
Hammarskoeld, Lars. Swed, author and critic. 1787 1827
Hammerlch, I^eterF. Dan. his. and theologian.. 1HB 1877
Hammer-Piirgstall, von, Joseph, Barou 1774 1856
Hammett, Samuel A. American author 1816 1865
Hammond, Anthony, Silver-Tongue. Eng. poet.. 1668 1738
BOKN DIED
Hammond, Charles. .\m. lawyer and journalist. 1779 1840
Hammond, Dudley Whitlock. Am. surgeon 1809 ....
Hammond, Edward. Am. evangelist and author. 1831
Hammond, Elisha. American educator. 1774 1S29
Hammond, Henry, D. D. English commentator. . 1605 1660
Hammond, Jabez, D. Am. author and statesman. 1778 1855
Hammond, James. Euglishpoet 1710 1742
Hammond, James Hamilton. Am. statesman 1807 1861
Hammond, James Heury. Americau statesman.. 1807 1864
Hammond, John Fox. American physician 1821 1886
Hammond* Samuel, .-^m. statesman aud soldier. 1757 1842
Hammond, W'illiam .\lexander. -\m. physician.. 1828
Hamon, Jean Louis. French painter ..1821 1874
Hamond, Andrew Suape. Sir. Brit, naval officer 1738 1828
Hampden, John. English statesman 1594 1643
Hampden, Kenn Dickson. Eng. bp. moral phil.. . 1793 1868
Hampton, Wade. American general 1754 1835
Hampton, Wade. Confed. It. gen.and U. S. Sen.. 1818
Hanaford, Phebe -\. Am. authoress and minister 1829
Hanbal, Ahmed Ebn. Mahammedan secretary 789 855
Hancock, George. Am. soldier aud statesman... 1755 1820
Hancock, John. Am. Congregational clergyman. 1671 1752
Hancock, John. American clcigynum.., 1703 1744
Hancock, John. Am. patriot and statesman 17.37 1793
Hancock, John. American statesman 1824 —
Hancock, Thomas. Americau philanthropist 1702 1764
Hancock, Winfield Scott, .\meripan general 1824 1886
Hand, Augustus C. American statesumn 1803 1878
Hand, Daniel. American philanthropist 1801
Hand, Daniel Whildin. American surgeon 1834 ....
Hand, Samuel. American jurist 1834 1886
Handel, Georg F. Ger. musical composer 1685 1759
Handley, George. American statesnuiu 1752 1793
Handy, Alexander H. -im. jurist and atithor 1809 1883
Haneberg, von, Daniel. Ger. Catholic prelate... 1S16 1876
Hanel, Gustav Frederick. German jurist 1792 1878
Hanger, George. (Lord Coleraine). Eng. soldier 17,50 1824
Hanka, VAceslav. Bohemian philologist 1791 1,S61
Hanke. Henriette. Anult. German novelist 1784 1862
Hankinson, Thomas Edwards, Rev . English poet — 1843
Hanmer, Jonathan, of Barnstaple. Ejec. uoncon 1687
Hanmer, Meredith,!). D. English translator — 1543 1004
Hanmer, Thomas, Sir. English statesman 1676? 1746
Hanna, Roliert. .\merican statesman 1786 1858
Hanna, William Bradley. American jurist 1835 —
Hannay, James. Scottist novelist 1827 1873
Hannay, James. Canadian lawyer and author... 1842
Hannecken, Memnon. Historian and divine 1595 1671
Hannecken, Philip Louis. Theologian 1637-.1706
Hannegan, Edward A. American statesman 1859
Hanneman, Adrian. Dutch painter 16)1 1680?
Hannibal. Carthaginian general B.C. 248 183
Hanno. Carthaginian navigator 11. .570? B. c. ,
Hanriot, or Henrlot, Francis. Fr. revolutionist. 1761 1794
Hansard, Luke. Eng. parliamentary i>riuter... .1752 1828
Hansemann, David J. L. Prus. statesman, flnau. 1790 1864
Hansen, I'eter Andreas. Ger. astronomer 1795 1874
Hansen, Maurice Christopher. Danish writer... 1794 1842
Hans Grun. Ger. painter aud engraver 1470 1545?
Hanson, Alexander Contee. Am. jurist, author. 1749 1806
Hanson, Alexander Contee. .\m. Sen. and editor 1786 1819
Hanson, Ebria Rice. American authoress 1825 1865
Hanson, John. American statesman 1715 1783
Hanson, JohnT., Mrs. Niece of Oliver Goldsmith 1786 1866
Hanson, John Wesley. Am. author, clergyman. . 1823 —
Hanson, Richard Davies, Sir. Jurist 1805 1876
Hans Sachs. German shoemaker and poet 1494 1578
Hansteen, ChristofTer. Norwegian astronomer. . 1784 1873
Hanway , Jonas. English philan. and author 1712 1786
Haraden, Jonathan. Am. naval officer 1745 1803
Harbaugh, Heurv. .\mericon clergyman 1817 1867
Harby, Isaac. American journalist 1788 1828
Harcourt, Geoff. Sir. Nor. Bar. with Edward III .. .. 1.156
Hareourt, Harriet E. Founder of nunneries 1706 1745
Harcourt, d', Henri. Due. Fr. general and dip.. 1654 1718
Harcourt, Simon. English lord chancellor 1660 1727
Harcourt, William. English officer in America. . 1743 183U
Harcourt, William G. G.V. v.. Sir. Eng. states.. 1827 ....
Hardee, William Joseph. Confederate geueral. .. 1818 ).S73
Hardenberg, von, Charles Aug. Prince of Pruss. 1750 1822
Hardenberg, Jacob Rutsen. Am. Dutch ref. cl... 17:» 1790
Hardenberg, von, Frederick. NnraUs. Ger. auth. 1772 1.S01
Hardenberg, von, Karl A., Prince. Pruss. state. I7!i0 1822
Hardey, Mari Alovsta. Am mother superior. ... 1^09 18.«6
Hardlcanute. King of England and Denmark... 1017? 1042
Hardie, James. Scotch educator and author 1750 1832
Hardime, Peter. Painter of Antwerp 1678 174S
Hardime, Simon, brof/ifr o/ P. Painter 1672 1737
Hardin, Benjamin. American statesman 1781 1SS2
Hardin, Charles Heurv. American statesman.. . . 1820 ...
Hardin, John J. American lawyer and soldier. .. 1.^10 1847
Hardin, Martin D. .\m. lawyer and statesman... 1780 1-823
Harding, -Vhner Clark. Am. statesman, soldier.. 1807 1.S74
Harding, Benjamin F. American statesman 1823 .
Harding, Chester. American portrait painter — 1792 1866
Harding, James D. Eng. painter and w'r on art.. 1798 1803
Harding, Jasper, .\mericnn publisher 1799 1865
Harding or Hardyng, John. Eng. met. chronicler 1S78 1465?
Harding, Robert Palmer, Sir. English lawyer. ,. 1821 ...
HARDING — HART MANN
1741
BORN DIED
Harding, Stephen. Abbot of Citeaux; relig. ref. ti. 12th e.
Harding, Thomus. Jesuit; opponent of Jewell. . 1512 1572
flardiiit^, William White. Am. publisher 1830
Harcliilge, Henry, Viscount. English general — 1785 1S56
H^irdinge, Nicholas. English scholar 1700 1758
Hardion, James. French writer 1GS6 1766
Hardoutn, John. Perc Hardouin. Jesuit writer.. 1646 1729
Harduin, Alexander X. Fr. poet. grammarian... 1718 1785
Hardwlck, Charles. English church historian.. . 1821 1859
Hardwicke, Charles P. Y., Earl of. Eng. admiral 1799 1873
Hardwlcke, Elizabeth. Countess of Shrewsbury 1519 1608
Hardwicke, Philip Y., First Earl of. Lord Chanc 1690 1764
Hardwicke, Philip Y'ork, Second Earl of. Writer 1720 1790
Hardwicke, Philip Y'.. 3d Earl of. Lord Lieut. Ire 1757 1834
Hardy, Aloxander. French dramatist 1560? 1630?
Hardy, Arthur Sturgis. Canadian statesman 1837 .. .
Hardy, Benjamin Franklin. American physician 1808 1886
Hardy, Elias. .\merican lawyer I74ii 1799
Hardy, James Ward. American educator 1815 16S3
Hardy, Robert Spence. English missionary 1803 1868
Hardy, Samuel. Americ^in statesman .' 1758 1785
Hardy, Thomas. English novelist .1840 —
Hardy, Thomas Duffus, Sir. Eug. palaeographer.. 1804 1878
Hardy, Thos. M., Sir. Brit, adra'l. Nelson's friend 1769 1839
Hare, Augustus John C. -V'pA. oyV. C Eng. auth. IK-u —
Hare, Francis. Bishop of Chichester (1731-40) .. . 16ia? 1740
Hare, George Emlen. Am. P. E. cl. and eduesitor 1808
Hare, James, m.p. Enaresborough. Wit 1804
Hare, John Innes Clark. American jurist 1816
Hare, Julius C. English clergyman and author : 1795 1855
Hare, Robert. American physicist 1781 1858
Hare, William Hobart. .American P. E. bishop... 1838
Haren, van, Willem. Dutch poet 1710 1768
Hargis, Thomas F. American jurist 1842
Hargrave, Francis. English law writer 1741 1821
Hargraves, Edmund. H. Disc, of gold in Australia 1815
Hargreaves, James. Eng. inv. of spinning jenny 1778
Hargrove, Robert K. American M.E. bishop 1829
Haring, John. American statesman 1739 1809
Haring, Wilhelm. German novelist 1798 1871
Hariri, Abu Mohammed K. beu Ali. Arab. poet. 1054 1122
Harker, Samuel. American clergyman
Harkey, Simeon W. Am. Lutheran clergyman.. 1811
Harkins, Mathew. American R. C. bishop 1845
Harkness, Albert. American educator 1822
Harkness, Albert Granger. American educator. 1857
Harkness, James. Scottish Presby. clergyman. . 1803 1878
Haj"kness, William. Scot, surgeon, astronomer. 1837
Hctrlan, George C. Am. physician and author. .. 1835
Harlan, James. American "lawyer, statesman 1800 1863
Harlan, James. American statesman 1820
Harlan, John Marshall. American lawyer 1833 1850
Harlan, Richard. Am. physician and author 1796 1843
Harlan, Richard Davenport. Am. clergyman
Harland, Henrv. American author " 1861
Harles, Gottlob Christoph. Ger. littt-ratenr 1740 1815
Harles, Theophilus Christopher. Ger. philologist 1738 1852
Harless, von, Gottlob Christoph A. Ger. theo. 1806 1879
Harley, Ed.,second E.of Oxf. Fdr.of Harleianlib. . .. 1741
Barley, Robert. Earl of Oxford. Eng. statesman 1661 1724
Harlez, de, Charles. Belgian orientalist 18;>2 ....
Harlow, George Henry. English painter 1787 1819
Harmand, Louis Gustave. French navigator.... 1.503 1549
Harmar, Josiah. American general 1753 1813
Harmony, David R. .4ni. naval officer 18.32 ...
Harms, Clans. German theolo.gian 1778 18.55
Harms, Georg Ludwig D T. German clergyman.. . 1808 1865
Harms, Klaus. German Divine.. 1778 1855
Harnack, .\doIf. German professor and writer.. 18.51
Harnden, \Vm. Frederick. Am. expressman 1813 1845
Harnett, Cornelius. American statesman 1723 1781
Harney, John Hopkins. .Am. jour, and educator. 1806 1867
Harney, John Milton. American author 1789 1825
Harney, William Selby. American general 1800 1889
Harney, Wm. Wallace. .\m. edu. and journalist. 1831
Harnisch, Albert Ernest. American sculptor. . .. 1842 ....
Haro, de, Alonzo Nurnez. Spanish arch-bishop.. .. 1729 1800
Haro, de, Gonzalo Lopez. Spanish navigator . . 1734 1796
Haro-Harring, Paul. Dan. painter and'novelist. 1799 1870
Harold I Harefoot. Kinsr of the Anglo-Saxons.. 1040
Harold II. Last Saxon king of England 1021? 10C6
Haroun-al-RascMd. See Hartn-aI/- Rashid
Harper, James. American 7>rinter and publisher 1795 1869
Harper, John, .\merican publisher , 1797 1875
Harper, John M. Scottish educator and author. . 1845
Harper, Joseph Morrill. .\m. phvs. and states... 1787 1865
Harper, Joseph Weslcv. Americ;ui publisher 1801 1870
Harper, Robert eioodloe. .Am. lawyer and states. 1765 1.S25
Harper, William. American jurist 1790 1847
Harper, Wm. Rainey. Am. Hebraist and educator 1&56 . . . .
Harpocration, Vnlerias. Greek philologist fl. 4th c.
Harpsfleld, Nicholas. Roman Catholic divine 1583
Harrah, Cbarles Jefferson. American merchant. 1817 .
Earriman, Walter. American statesman 1.817 18R4
Harrington, Charles. Earl of. English soldier.. . 17.53 1829
Harrington, Ebenezer linrke. Am. lawyer ].«1.3 1844
Harrington, James. English political writer 1611 1677
Harrington, Joseph. Jr. Am.edu. and clergyman 1S13 18.52
Harrington, Marie F.. Countess of. Eng. actress 17'.i8 1867
BORN DIED
Harrington, >rark Walrod. Am. a.stronomer 1848
Harrington, Samuel Maxwell. American jurist. 1803 1865
Harrington, Timothy. Am. clergyman 1715 1795
Harriott, Thomas. Eng. math, and astrou 1500 1021
Harris, Caleb Fiske. Ainerican book collector... 1818 1881
Harris, Chapin A. Am. dentist and author 1800 1860
Harris, Charles. English lawyer in America 1772 1827
Harris, David Bullock. Am. soldier and engineer 1814 1864
Harris, Elisha. American physician 1824 1864
Harris, George, Lord. British military officer 1759 1829
Harris, George Washington. Am. humorist 1814 1869
Harris, Hamilton. American lawyer 1820
Harris, Ira. American jurist 1802 1875
Harris, Isham Green. Am. lawyer and statesman 1818
Harris, James, of Salisbury. Eng. philologist 1709 1780
Harris, Joel Chandler. American author 1848
Harris, John S. .Americau senator 1825
Harris, John Thomas. .American lawyer 1825
Harris, John Woods. American jurist 1810 1887
Harris, Miriam Coles. American authoress 18S4
Harris, Peter. Last of the Catawba Indians 1750 1830
Harris, Robert. Welsh artist in Canada 1849
Harris, Samuel. American evangelist 1724 1794
Harris, Samuel. Am. clergyman and educator... 1814
Harris, Samuel Smith. American P. E. bishop... 1841
Harris, Thaddeus M:ison. Am. Unit, clergyman.. 1768 1842
Harris, Thaddeus William. Am. entomologist... 1795 1856
Harris, Thomas Cadwalader. Am. naval officer. . 1825 1875
Harris, Thomas Lake. American reformer 1823
Harris, Thomas M. Am. physician and soldier... 1817
Harris, Townsend. Am. merch. and diplomatist 1803 1.S78
Harris, William. Am. educator and clergyman.. 1765 1829
Harris, William Anderson. American educator. . 1827
Harris, William Logan. Am. educ. and M. E. bp. 1817 1887
Harris, William Snow, Sr. Eng. physicist, inv'r. 1792 1867
Harris, William Thaddeus. American scholar. . 1826 1854
Harris, William Torrey. American educationist. 183S
Harrison, Benjamin. Signer Declaration of Ind. . 1740? 1791
Harrison, Benjamin. Twenty-third Pres. U. S 1833 ,...
Harrison, Caroline L. S. Wife of Benjamin 1832
Harrison, Carter Henry. American statesman. .. 1825
Harrison, Constance Gary. American authoress. 1835
Harrison, Frederic. Eug. positivist and writer.. 1831 ....
Harrison, Gabriel. Am. actor, dramat'c author. 1825
Harrison, George Leib. Am. philan. and author, l.sil 1885
Harrison, Gessner. Am. educator and author 1807 1862
Harrison, Hall. Am. clergyman and author 1837 ..
Harrison, James Albert. American philologist.. 184S
Harrison, James B. Eng. statesman in Canada... 1802 1867
Harrison, James T. Am. lawyer and Congressm'n 1811 1879
Harrison, John. Eng. colonel and regicide 1660
Harrison, John. Inventor of chronometer 1693 1776
Harrison, John. .American chejnist 1773 1833
Harrison, John Hoffman. Am. phys., author 1808 1849
Harrison, John Scott. American Congressman. 1804 1878
Harrison, Napoleon Bonaparte. Am. naval officer 1823 1870
Harrison, Richard. Am. Auditor of the Treasury 17.50 1841
Harrison, Robert A. Can. jurist and author 18.33 1878
Harrison. Robert Hanson. American jurist 1745 1790
Harrison, Sarah. American Quaker preacher — 1748 1812
Harrison, Thomas. English architect 1744 1829
Harrison, Thomas. Canadian educator, 1839
Harrison, William. English poet 1713
Harrison, William H.. Gen. Ninth Pres. of U.S.. 1773 1841
Harrod, James. .American pioneer 1746 1825
Harrowby, Dudley Ryder. Earl of. Statesman.. 1762 1847
Harsha, David Addison. .American author 1827 ....
Harsnett, Samuel. Archbishop of York (1028-31). 1561 16.31
Harston, Charles G. Eng. inventor in Canada... 1844
Hart, Charles Henry. American author 1,S47
Hart, Emanuel Bernard. Am. lawyer and stntcs'n 1809 ....
Hart, James McD. .Am. painter, born in Scotland 1828 ....
Hart, Joel T. .American sculptor 1810 1877
Hart, John. .Am. states'n., signer of Dec. of Ind. 1708 1780
Hart or Heart, Jouathan. American soldier 1748 1791
Hart, John SeeSy. American educationist 1810 1877
Hart, Joseph C. American writer 1.S55
Hart, Luther. Am. Congregational clei^yman — 1783 1.S.34
Hart, Nancy. Am. Revolutionary heroine 1755 1840
Hart, Oliver. Am. Baptist clereryman .1723 1795
Hart, Solomon Alexander. English painter 1806
Hart, William. Bro. J. McD. Am. landscape ptr.. 1823
Harte, Francis Bret. American author 1839
Harte, Walter, Rev. Eng. poet and historian 1700? 1774
Harting, James Edmund. English naturalist 1841 —
Hartington, Spencer C. C, Marq. of. Eng. Lib'l. 18.33
Hartley, Charles .Augustus, Sir. Eng. engineer... 1825 ...
Hartley, David. Eug. physician and philosopher. 1705 1757
Hartley. David. Eng. statesman and inventor 1729 1813
Hartley, Jonathan Scott. American sculptor 1845
Hartley, Robert Milham. Eng. mer., phil. in Am. 1796 1861
Hartley, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman — 1848 1800
Hartman, George. German mathematician 1489 1564
Hartman, William Dell. American naturalist... 1817 —
Hartmann, .Alfred. Swiss author 1814 ....
Hartmann von der Aue, or Von Aue. Ger. poet, aftrr 1207
Hartmann, von, Eduard Karl Robert. Ger. phil. 1842
Hartmann, von, Julius. Prussian general 1817 1878
Hartmann, Moritz. German poet 1821 1872
1742
HARTRAXFT — HAY ES
BOEN DIED
Hartranft, John Frederick. Am stat. and soldier ISSO 1889
Hartsliorne, Charles. American R. R. president 1829 ....
Hartshorne, Charles Heury, Rev. Eng. antiquary 1803? 1865
Hartshorne, Edward. American physician 1818 188S
Hartshorne, Henry. Am. physician and author.. 1823 ....
Hartshorne, Joseph. Am. physician aud surgeon 1779 1850
H<*rtsoeclrer, Niklaas. Dutcli phil. aud optician 1656 1725
Hartstene, Henry J. American naval officer 1868
Hartt, Charles Frederick. Naturalist 1840 1878
Hartwell, Alonzo. .\nicrican artist 1805 1.873
Hartwick, John Christopher. Ger. clergyman.. . 1714 1796
Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio. Sp. dramatic poet 1806 1880
Hartzheim, Jos. of Cologne. Scholar 1794 1863
Harun-al-Rashid. .inniii (///-JK.sf. Caliph Bagdad 765 809
Harvard, John. Founder of Harvard College — 1607 1638
Harvey, Arthur. Eng. journalist in Canada 1834 . ..
Harvey, Daniel Whittle. Politician 1784? 1863
Harvey, Gabriel. Eng. writer, friend of Spenser. 1545 1630?
Harvey, Goorge, Sir. Scottish painter 1806 1876
Harvey, Gideon, M. D. English Medical writer. 1625? 1700
Harvey, James Madison. American statesman... 1833 —
Harvey, John, Sir. British soldier 1778 1852
Harvey, John, Sir. American governor
Harvey, Jouat'ian. American statesman 1780 1859
Harvey, Louis Powell. American statesman 1820 1862
Harvey, Matthew. American statesman 1781 1866
Harvey, Moses. Irish author and clergyman 1820 ....
Harvey, Peter. American merchant 1810 1877
Harvey, William. Eng. anatomist and physician 1578 1658
Harvie.Johu. .Scottish statesman in America 1S07
Harwood, Andrew Allen. Am. naval officer 1802 1884
Harwood, Busick, Sir. Eng. anatomist and phys 174.5? 1814
Harwood, Edward. English bibliographer 1729 1794
Harwood, John Ildmund. English actor in Am. . 1771 1809
Hasbrouck, -Vbraham Brwyu. American lawyer. 1791 1879
Hascall, Daniel. .\m. clergyman and educator., . 1782 1852
-Hasdrubal, Carthaginian gen. Bro. of Hannibal E. c. 207
Hase, Karl .\ugust. German theologian.. 1800 1.S90
Hase, Karl Bededict. Ger. philologist in France. 1780 1864
Hase, von, Theodore. German divine. 1682 1731
Haseltine, James Heury. American sculptor — 1833 —
Haseltine, Wm. Stanley. American artist 1835 —
Hasenclever, John Peter. German paiuter 1810 1S5S
Hasenclever, Peter. Ger. manuf. and writer 1716 1793
Hasenmueller, Daniel. Ger. Gr. and Orien. schol. 1051 1691
Haskell, Abraham. American physician 1746 1834
Haskell, Daniel. Am. clergyman and author 1784 1848
Haskell, Daniel Noyes. American journalist 1818 1874
Haskell, James Richards. American inventor. .. 1825
Haskell, Llewellyn Solomen. Am. m rchant 1815 1872
Haslam, Jo'.iu,M. D. Writer on ins.. nity '763 1844
Haslett, John. Iris' ph: siciau and soldier 1777
Haslett, John. American surgeon 1799 lf78
Hassan. Son of Ali and Fatimu . Caliph (660-69).. 625 6ii9
Hassard, John Rose Greene. Am. journalist 183C 1888
Hassard, Samuel. .American P. E. clergyman — 1806 1847
Hassaurek, Friederick. Austrian journalist 1832 1885
Hasse, Karl Ewald. Gorman physiologist I..1O
Hasse, Frederick Christian A. German author.. . 1773 1848
Hasse, John Adolphus. H Sai^some. Ger. com... 1699 1783
Hassoi, John George Henry. Ger. statistician 1770 1829
Hasselquist, Frcdrlk. Swedish naturalist 1722 1752
Hasselquist, Toovay N. Swedish clergyman 1816
Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph. Swiss sur. in Am. 1770 18i5
Hassler, Simon. Bavarian musician 1S^2
Hasted, .\nti.iuary. {Histiiry )f Kftit) 1732 1812
Hasting "I- Hastings. Seand. viking, or sea-rover 1812 —
Hastings, KUzabcth, Lady. Benefactor 1682 1739
Hastings, Flora. Lady. Maid of Honor 1803 1839
Hastings, Francis K.H., Marq. Gov.-gen.of India 1754 1828
Hastings, Hugh J. Irish journalist in America. . 1820 1883
Hastings, Serranus Clinton. American jurist — 1814 . ..
Hastings, Thomas. Am. musician and author... 1784 1872
Hastings, Thomas S. .American educator, clerg. . 1827
Hastings, Warren. Eng. states. Gov. -gen. India.. . 1732 1818
Haswell. Charles H. American civilengiueer.. . . 1809 ...
Hatch, Frederich \\'inslow. American physician. 1822 1885
Hatch, Israel Thompson. American statesman.. 1808 1875
Hatfield, Edwin Francis. .\m. auth. and clerg. .. 1807 1883
Hatfield, Thomas. Bishop of Durham (1345-81) 1381
Hathaway, Benjamin, .\merican poet 1822 ....
Hatheway, Samuel G. .\m. pioneer, statesman. . 17S0 1887
Hatheway, Samuel Gilbert. Am. soldier, lawyer ISH) 1.S64
Hathorne, John. American statesman 1641 1717
Hathorne, William. Eng. statesman in .\merica. 1608 I6si
Hatsell, John. Clk. house of commons. Writer.. 1742? 1820
Hattou, Christoph. Sir. Lord Chancellor 1591
Hattou, Frai.k. American journalist 1846
Hatton, Joseph. English journalist 1839
Hatton, Thomas. Eng. statesman in America 1655
riatzfeld, Francis L. Prince of. Ger. diplomatist 1756 1827
Haubold, Christian Theophilus. German jurist. . 176<) 1824
Hauch, von, Johannes Careten. Danish poet.... 1790 1872
Hauck, Minnie. German-American singer 1852 ....
Hauff, Wilhelm. (,erman novelist 1802 1827
Haug, Martin. German orientalist 1827 1876
-Haughery, Margaret, .\merican philanthropist 1882
r'aughton, Graves Chamney. Sir. Eng. orienta.. 1789 1.849
Haughton., William. English dramatist fi. 1600?
BORN DIED
Haugwltz, Christian H. C. Ct. of Prus. States'n 1752 18:a
Haukal, -4bul K. M. I. .\rabiau trav. and geog. . 11.942 76
Hauksbee or Hawksbee, Francis. Eng. physicist 1650? 1732?
Haun, Henry P. American jurist 1815 1860
Haupt, Herman. American engineer 1817
Haupt, Lewis Muhlenberg. American engineer.. 1844
Haupt, Moritz. Ger. philologist and writer 1808 1874
Haupt, Paul. German educator in America 18.58
Hauptmann, Moritz. Ger. musical composer... 1792 1868
Hauptau, Jean Barthelemy. French historian. . . 1812
Haur^r, Kaspar. Mvsterious Nuremberg foundling 1812? 1833
Hausrath, Adolf. German professor 1&37
Hausser, Ludwig. German historian I8I8 1867
Haussmann, Geo. Eugene, Baron. Fr. admins'tr.. 1809 1891
HaussonvUle, d. Gab. P. 0th. de Cli5. Con: . Fr. wr 1843
Hautefeuille, de, Jean. French mechanician. . .. 1647 1724
Hauteroche, de, Noel le Breton. Fr. dramatist.. 1617? 1707
Hauteserre, de, Anth.D. H. Jurist at Toulouse. 1602? 1682
Hautpoul, Alphonse Henri, Marquis, Fr. general . 1789 1865
Hauy, Ren^ Just, AbbiJ. French mineralogist 1743 1822
Havard, Henry. French art critic 1838
Haveland, John. English architect in America.. 1792 1852
Havelock, Arthur Elibank, Sir. Eng. statesman. 1844
Havelock, Henry, Sir. British general 1795 1857
Havemeyer, Henry. American merchant 1838 1.S86
Havemeyer, Wm. F. Am. merchant and stats... 1804 1»74
Haven, Alice B. Am. authoress and journalist.. . 1828 1863
Haven, Erastus Otis. Am. educator and M. E. bp 1820 1881
Haven, (iilbert. Am. author and M. E. bishop. . . 1821 1880
Haven, Joseph. Am. clergyman and philosopher 1816 l.s74
Haven, Nathaniel A. Am. lawyer and author.. .. 1790 1826
Haven, Samuel. American clergyman 1727 1806
Haven, Samuel Forster. American archaeologist. 1806 1881
Haven, Solomen George. American lawyer 1810 1861
Havens, James, -\merican Methodist clergyman 1763 1864
Havercamp. Sigeb^rt. German critic 1683 1742
Havergal. Frances Ridley. English poet 1836 1879
Havers, Clopton. English anatomist fl 1691
Havestad, Beruhard. German missionary 1715 1778
Havet, Lruest Auguste Eugi-ne. Fr. littt^rateur.. . 1813
Haviland, Laura Smith. Am. pthilanthropist 1808
Haviland, Thomas Heath. American statesman 1822
Ha vin. Leonor Joseph. Fr. publicist and editor.. 1799 1868
Haweis, Hugh Reginald. Euglish cl. and author. 1838
Hawes, Joel. American author and clergyman.. . 1789 1867
Hawes, Richard. American lawyer an statesman 1797 1877
Hawes, William, M. D. Founder of R. Hum. Soc. H:* 1808
Hawes, William Post. Am. lawyer and author 1803 1842
Hawke, Edward, Lord. English admiral 1715 1781
Hawker, Peter. English colonel 1786? 1853
T iwker, Robert. D. D. Eng. div. and comnent'r 1753 1827
Hawkesworth, John. English miscel. writer 1719 1773
Haw„ins, Benjamin. Am. statesman and author 1754 1816
Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse. Eng. educator. 1807 ....
Hawkil 3, Dexter Arnold. Am. law. aud orator. . 1825 1886
Hawkins, Ernest. English author 1802 ....
Hawkins, John, Sir. English rear admiral 1520 1595
Hawkins, John. Sir. English writer 1719 1789
Hawkins, John Henry Willis. Am. temp, reformer 1799 1858
Hawkins, Micajah Thomas. Am. Congressman.. 1790 1868
Hawkins, Philemon. American statesman 1717 1801
Hawkins, Rush Christopher. Am. soldier, author 1831
Havkins, William. American statesman 1770 1819
Hawkins, William George. Am. P. E. clergyman. 1823
Hawks, Cicero Stanley. Bishop of P. E. Church. 1.812 1868
Hawks, Francis Lister. American clergyman 1798 1866
Hawksbee, Francis. Eng. natural philosopher.. 16.50? 17321
Hawksmoor, Nicholas. English architect 1666 1736
Hawkwood, John. Sir. Eng. soldier of fortune 1393
Hawley, Bostwick. Am. author and clergyman. . 1814 ....
Hawley, Charles. Am. author and clergyman. . .. 1819 1885
Hawley, Gideon. American missionary 1727 1807
Hawley, Gideon. American scholar 1785 1870
Hawley, Joseph. American statesman 1723 1788
Hawley, Joseph R. Am. jour., soldier, Senator.. 1826
Hawley, William Merrill, .\merican jurist 1802 1869
Hawthorne, Julian. American novelist... 1846 ....
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. American author 1S04 1864
Hawthorne, Sophia Peabodv, Am. novelist 1810 1.871
Hawtrey. Edward Craven. b.D. Provost of Eton 1789 1862
Hay, Charles .\ugustus. .\m. educator, clergymn 1821 —
Hay, David Ramsay. Scotch portrait painter 1798 1866
Hay,0;eorge. .American jurist and author 1830
Hay, James. Earle of Carlisle. Statesman 1636
Hay, John. American author 1838
Hay, John Charles Dalrymple. Sir. Eng. nav. offi. 1821
Hay, Walter. American pnvsician 1830
Hay, William, M. P. English writer 1695 1755
Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer. Am. geol., expl. 1829 1887
Hayden, Horace H. Am. dentist and author 1769 1844
Haydn, John Michael. Ger. musical composer... 1737 1808
Haydn, Joseph. German musical composer 1732 1809
Haydock, Geo. Leo, Rev. Rom. Cath. divine 1848
Haydon, Benjamin Robert. Eng. painter 1786 1846
Haye, de la, John. Franciscan 1593 1661
Hayer, John Nicholas Hubert. Fr. theologian... . 1708 1780
Hayer du Perron, Peter le. French poet 1603a/M678
Hayes, Augustus jVllen. American chemist 1806 1882
Hayes, Catharine. Irish vocalist 1825 1861
HAYES — HEMPHILL
1743
BORN DIED
Hayes, Charles. English math, and chronologist 1678 1760
Hayes, Isaac Israel. American explorer 1832 ISSl
Hayes, John Lord. Am. law., sclent., author 1812 18S7
Hayes, Lucy Ware \V. Am. temperance advocate 1833
Hayes, Rutherford B. Law., 19th Pres. of U. S 1822
Hayes, William. Musical composer 1708 1777
Haygood, Atticus G. Am.edu. and M. E. clerg. .. lSo9
Hayman, Francis K. A. Historical painter 1708 1776
Haynau, von, Julius Jacob, Baron. Aus. gener'l. I78u 1853
Hayne, Isaac. Amerlcau Revolutionary oiBcer.. 1745 17S1
Hayne, Paul Hamilton. American poet 1831 1886
Hayne, Robert Young. Am. statesman, orator. .. 1791 1839
Hayne, Thomas. Schoolmaster and beuefactor.. 1581 1645
Haynes, Henry Williamson, Am. archaeologist. . 1831 ....
Haynes, Hopton. Writer on the Trinity 1672 1749
Haynes, John. Eng. statesman in America. 1654
Haynes, Joseph. Am. Presbyterian clergyman... 1638 1679
Haynes, Lemuel. American clergyman 17.53 ISiS
Haynie, Isham N'colas. Am. soldier and jurist.. 1824 1868
Hays, Alexander. Am. soldier and engineer 1819 1864
Hays, Isaac. Am. Scientist and physician 1796 1879
Hays, Jacob. American higli-coustable 1772 1850
Hays, William Jacob. American artist ISiO 1875
Hays, Will Shakespeare. Am. musician, author. 1837
Hayter, George, Sir. Painter 1792 1871
Haythorue, Robert Poore. Eng. statesm'ninCan isio ....
Hayward, George. Am. physician and surgeon. . 1791 1863
Hayward, James. Am. educator and civil eng... 1786 1866
Hayward, John, Sir. English historian 1027
Hayward, John. American author 1781 1862
Hayward, Lemuel. Am. physician 1749 1821
Hayward, Nathaniel. American inventor 1808 1865
Haywood, Benjamin. Eng. manuf. in America. . . 1792 1878
Haywood, Edmund B. Am. pbys. and author 1825 . . .
Haywood, Elizabeth. English writer i693 1750
Haywood, John. American jurist and Senator.. . 1753 1826
Haywood, Wm. Henry. Am. lawyer and author.. 1801 ia52
Hazard, Ebenezer. Am. author and publisher ... 1744 1817
Hazard, Rowland Gibson, .\merican author... . 1801 1888
Hazard, Samuel. Am. merchant and colonizer... 1714 1758
Hazard, Samuel. American archaeologist 1784 1870
Hazard, Thomas Robinson. American author.. . . 1784 1876
Hazelius, Ernest Louis. Prus. edu and author. . 1777 1853
Hazelwood, John. Eng. naval officer in America 1726 1800
Hazen, William B. Am. sol., chief of sig. service. 1830 1887
Hazewell, Charles Creighton. Am. journalist 1814 1.S83
Hazlitt, William. Eng. critic and misc. writer. . 1778 1830
Hazlitt, William Carew, English writer 18.34 ....
Head, Edmund W., Baronet. Gov. gen.of CRuada 1805 1868
Head, Francis B.,Sir. Eng. an.. It. gov. of U. Can 1793 1875
Head, George, Sir. English soldier and author... 1782 l.';75
Head, Natt. American governor and author 1828 1883
Head, Richard. English dramatist 1678
Heade, Martin Johnson. American artist ....
Headley, Henry. English poet and critic 1766 1788
Headley, Joel Tyler. Am. historical writer 1814
Headley, Phineas Camp. Am. author, clergyman 1819
Healy, George Peter Alexander. American ptr.. 1813 ....
Healy, James Augustine. Am. R. C. bishop 1830 ....
Healy, John Plummer. American lawyer 1810 1882
Healy, Timothy M. Member of Parliament 18.55 ....
Heap, David Porter. Turkish eugineer in Am. ... 1843 ....
Heap, Gwynu Harris. American diplomatist 1S17 1.S87
Heapy, Thomas. English water-color painter. . .. 1775 1835
Heard,' Franklin Fislve. Am. lawyer and author.. 1S25
Heard, Thomas Jefferson. Am. phys. and auth... 1814
Hearne, Samuel. Eng. traveler in Br. America... 1745 1792
Hearne, Thomas. English antiquary 1678 1735
Hearne, Thomas. English artist 1744 1S17
Hearst, George. Am. Senator and mine-owner... 1820 1891
Heath, Benjamin, D. C. L., of Exeter. Lawyer, wr .... 1760
Heath, Charles. English engraver 1784 1848
Heath, James. English historical writer 1629 1664
Heath, Lyman. Am. Musical composer 1804 1.S70
Heath, William. Am. Revolutionary general 1737 1814
Heathcote, Caleb. Eng, mer. and states, in Am.. 1665 1721
Heathcote, Calph.D. D'. English writer 1721 1795
Heathfield, Gt-o. A. Elliot, Lord. Def.of Gibraltar 1718? 1790
Heaton, David. American statesman 1823 1870
Heavysege, Charles. Canadian poet 1816 1876
Hehhel, Christian Friedrich. German dramatist 1813 1863
Hebel, Johann Peter. German poet 1760 1826
Hebenstrelt, John Ernest. Ger. medical writer. 1703 1757
Heher, Reginald. Eng. dp. of Calcutta and poet. 17.S3 1826
Heber, Richard. English bibliomaniac 1773 1833
Heberden, William, M. D. Eng. medical writer. . 1710 1801
Hubert, Jaques R. Pin Diichis'iir. Fr. demagogue 17.57 1794
Hebert, Paul Octave. Am. soldier and governor. 1818 1880
Hecatseus, of Miletus. Greek historian b.c. 5507 476?
Hecht, Christian. German philologist 1696 1748
Heck, Barbara. Irish Methodist pioneer in Am 1804
Heck, van, John. Painter of Oudenard 1625? 1669
Heck, van der, Nicholas. Dutch painter 1580 1638
Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz. Ger. revolutionist 1811 1881
Hecker, Isaac Thomas. American R.C. clergyman 1819 1889
Heckewelder, John G. E, Moravian miss, in Am. 174S 1823
Hecquet, Philippe. F'rench phvsician and author 1661 1737
Heddlng, Elijah. American. M. E. bishop 1780 1852
Hedelln, Francis, Ahb6 d'Aubignac. Fr. poet . 1604 1676
BOKN DIED
Hederich, Benjamin. Ger. philologist 1675 1748
Hedge, Frederick H. American divine, author .. 1805 1890
Hedge, Levi. American educator and author 1766 1844
Hedllnger, Johann Karl. Swiss die cutter 1691 1771
Hedwig, Johann. German botanist 17S0 1799
Heede, van. Vigor. Historical painter 1650 1718
Heede, van, William, 6i'o//i<'r. Historical painter I6G0 1728
Heem, van, Jan David. See De Heem.
Heemskerk, van, Jacob, Dutch admiral 1550 1607
Heemskerk orHemskerk, van, Martin. D. painter 1498 1574
Heer, Oswald. Swiss naturalist 1809 1SS3
Heere, van, Luke. Dutch painter 1534 1584
Heeren, Arnold Hermann L. Ger. historian 1760 1842
Heers, van, Henry of Liege. Medical writer 1570? 16:^6
Hefele, von, Karl Joseph. Ger. Cath. church hist 1609
Heflln, Robert Stell. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1815 ...
Hefner-Alteneck, von, Jacob H. Ger. writer art ISU
Heg, Hans C. Norwegian soldier in America 1829 . ..
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Ger philos 1770 1831
Henl, Matthew. Ger. Moravian bishop 17u5 1787
Heiberg, Johann Ludwig. Danish dram. and poet 1791 1860
Heiberg, Peter Andreas. Danish dram and poet 1758 1841
Heidegger, Karl Wilbelm. Ger. general and art. 1788 1861
Heidegger, John Henry. Swiss Protestant divine 1633 1698
Heidegger, John James. SuiK.iC. Adventurer..., 16C0 1749
Hell, van, Daniel. Painter of Brussels 1604 1662
Heil, van, John Baptist, 6ro(/ifr. Painter 1609 o/(. 1061
Heil, van, Leonard. Painter of flowers, insects. . 1603
Heilprin, Angelo. Hungarian edu. and au. in Am 1853
Heilprin, Louis. Hungarian writer in .\merica.. 1861
Heilprin, Michael. Polish-American author 1823 1888
Heilprin, Phineas M. Polish scholar and author. 1801 1863
Heiman, Basili Alexandrovitch. Ru. geneial 1823 1878
Heln, Peit. Dutch naval oflicer 1570 1629
Heine, Heinrich. Ger. poet and miscel. writer... 1799? 1856
Heineccius, John Theophilus. Ger. civilian 1681 1741
Heineccius, Johann G. Cier. lawyer and author. 1681 1741
Heinecken, Christian Heinrich. Ger. inft. prodigy 1721 1725
Heinefetter Clara. German vocalist IS57
Heinefetter, Kathinka, j.'/.'ifrr. Vocalist 1S58
Heinicke, John David. Musical composer 1683 1729
Heinrich, Charles Frederick. German scholar.. 1774 18.38
Heinroth, John C. F. A. Ger. phys. and writer.. . 1773 1843
Heinse, Johann Jakob Wilhelm. Ger. writer on art 1749 1803
Heinsius, Anthony. Dutch statesman 1641 1720
Heinsius, Daniel. Dutch poet and philologist 1582 1655
Heinsius, Niklaas. Son n/ D. Dutch Lat. poet.. 1620 1681
Heinsius, Otto Frederick Theodore. Ger. philol. 1770 1849
Heintzelman, Samuel Peter. Am. general 1805 1880
Heis, Eduard. German astronomer 1806 1877
Helss, Michael. Bavarian arch-bishop in Am 1818 1890
Heister, Lawrence. Phys., snr. and anatomist. . . 1683 1758
Heitzman, Charles. Hungarian pliysioian in Am. 1836
Helbig, Wolfgang. German archa'blogist 1839
Hele, Thomas. English dramatist at Paris 1740 1780
Helena, St. Mother of Constantine 218? 328?
Helfenstein, John Conrad Albert. Ger. miss 1748 1790
Helias d'Humond, Ferdin'd Mary. Ger. R. C. Pr. 1756 1834
Heliodorus, of Larissa. Greek writer on optics.. fl.lstc.
Heliodorus, Bishop of Trieca. Romancist fl. 400?
Heliogabalus or Elagabalus. Rom. emp. (218-222) 205? 222
Hell, Maximilian. Htingarian astronomer 1720 1792
Heller, Joseph. German writer on art 1789 1849
Heller, Stephen. German [lianist and composer 1814 1888
Hellmuth, Isaac. Polish clergyman in Canada. 1819
Hellot, John. French chemist 1685 1766
Hellwald, von Frederic Antoine H. Aust.geog. 1842
Helm, Benjamin Hardin. Confederate general 1863
Helm, Israel. S^v^edish colonist in America 1693
Helm, John Larue. American statesman 1802 1867
Helmbreaker, Theodore. Dutch painter 1624 1694
Helmers, Jan Frederik. Dutch poet 1767 I8IS
Helmholtz, von, Hermann. German scientist.,.. 1821
Helmont, van, Francis Mercury. Chemist 1618 1699
Helmont, van, John B. Flemish chemist 1577 1644
Helmont, van, Matthew. Painter of Antwerp 165S 1726
Helmont, van, Segers J. Flemish his. painter... 1683 1726
Helmuth, Justus C. H. German clergyman 1745 1825
Hfeloise. Abbess of Paraclete, friend of Abi5Iard . . 1101 1164
Helper, Hinton Rowan. American author 1829 ....
Helps, Arthur, Sir. Eng. diplomatist and author. 1817 1875
Heist, Bartholomew van der. Dutch jiainter 1613 16707
Helvetlus, Claude Adrian. French philosopher. 1715 1771
Helvetius, John Adrian. Dutch phys. at Paris... 1661? 1727
Helvetius, John Claude Adrian,. «<i)i. Med. w'r... 16.85 1755
Helvicus, Christopher. Ger. philol., chrono 1581 1617
Helwig, -Amelia von. German poetess 1776 1832
Helwig, George A. Pruss. botanist, mineralogist 1666 1748
Helwig, John Otto, Sir. Physician and collector. 1654 1698
Helyot, Peter. Franciscan friar 1660 1716
Hemans, Charles Isadore. British author 1876
Hemans, Felicia Dorothea, Mrs. English Poetess, 1794 1835
Hembel, William. American phvsician 1764 1851
Hemelar, John. Flemish medalist 1640
Hemingburgh, de, or Hemingford, Walter. Hist 1347
Hemling or Memling, Hans. Flemish painter. . 1425? 1500?
Hemmenway, Moses. Am.authdr and clergyman 1735 1811
Hempel, Charles Julius. Prus. physician in Am. 1811 1879
Hemphill, Joseph. American juript 1770 1842
1744
HEMSKERCK — HERxMAS
BOEN DIED
Eemskerck, Egbert. The Old. Dutch painter 1610? KWO?
Hemskerck, Egbert. TTie y(>«n<;c/. Dutch paiuter iWo 1701
Hemskerck, van Martin. Dutch painter H98 1571
Hemsterliuys, Fraus. Dutch philosopher ;722 171K)
Hemsterhuys, Tiberius. Dutch philologist isia 1766
Henao, Gabriel de. Spanish theologian 1611 17i>l
Henault, Charles Jean F. Fr. historian and poet 16<» 1770
Henanlt or Hesnault, John. French poet 16S2
Henck, John Benjamin. Am. civil engineer 1816
Henckel, John Fred. Saxon cbem. and min'oglst 1679 1744
Hendee, Mrs. American heroine 1754
Hendel, William. Get. Dutch Kef. el. in Am 173U 1798
Henderson, -Alexander. Principal, of Edinbui^h low
Henderson, Archibald. American lawver 1768 1S22
Henderson, Ebenezer, Rev. Eng. miss.and trav.. 17S4 1858
Henderson, Jacob. Irish clergyman in Aiuerica.. I6si 17.51
Henderson, James Alex. Eug. lawyer in uanada. 1821
Henderson, James Pinckney. Am. statesman isos 1S58
Henderson, John Brooks. American statesman. . ls-26
Henderson, Leonard. American jurist 1772 1S33
Henderson, Mary Foote. Am. author and artist. 1835
Henderson, Peter. Scottish siardeuer in America 1823 1890
Henderson, Richard. Am. pioneer and lawver... iTSt 17K
Henderson or Henryson, Robert. Scottish poet 1-508?
Henderson, Robert Miller. Am. law. and soldier 1827
Henderson, Thomas. Am. phys.. sol. and states. 1743 1824
Henderson, Thomas. Scottish astronomer 1798 1844
Henderson. Thomas Jefferson. Am. sol., states.. 1824 . .
iiecdrick. Mohawk chief 1680 17.55
Hendricken, Thos. F. Irish R. C. bishop in Am . 1S27 i,s,s6
Hendricks, Thomas A. Am. law. Vice- Pres. U.S. 1819 1S85
Hendricks, William. American statesman 1783 1850
Hendrlx, Eugene Russell Am. M. E. bishop 1817
Hengist. Jutish chief. Founder Kingdom of Kent .... 488
Hengstenberg, Ernst W. Ger. Protestant theol. 1802 1869
Henlng, William Walter, .\mericau legal author 1828
Henke, Heinrich Philipp Konrad. Ger. theologian 1752 1809
Henkel, Moses M. Am. journalist and clergvman 1728 1864
Henkel, P.iul. American clergyman and author. 1751 1825
Henkle, Eli Jones. Am. physician and statesman 1828
Heme, Friedrich Gustav JaKob. Ger. phvsiologist 1809 1885
Henley, Anthony, M. P. English writer "... 1660? 1711
Henley, David. American Revolutionary soldier 1748 1.S33
Henley, John. Orator Henhij. English preacher. 1692 17.56
Henley, John Dandridge. American naval officer 1781 is:a
Henley, Jlorton Eden, Sir. Ambassador 1S02
Henley, Robert. American naval officer 1783 1828
Henley, Robert. Lord Northiugton. Lord Chanc. 1708 1772
Henneberg, Rudolf. German paiuter 18"26 1.S76
Hennen, Alfred. American lawyer and educator 1786 1870
Hennenin, Louis. Flemish explorer of America. 1640 1702
Hennequin, Alfred Ntocb-s. Fr. dramatic author 1842 1887
Henner, Jean Jacques. French painter 1^32 „ . . .
Hennessy, John. Irish R. C. bishop in America. 1825 .... '
Hennessy, John J. Irish R. C. bishop in Am 1847
Hennessy, William J. Irish artist in America... I8;i9
Henni, John Martin. Swiss archbishop in Am. 1805 ISSi
Henninges, Jerome. German genealogist 15.50 1597
Henningsen, Charles F. Eng. soldier and author 1815 1877
Henrici, Olaus. German mathematician 1840
Henrietta Anna, of England Duchess of Orleans 1644 1670
Henrietta Maria, of Fr. Queen of Chas. I, Eng. u»9 1669
Henrion, Nicholas. French Arch;eologist I66:i 1720
Henrion, Nicolas. Fr. scientist and author 1733 1793
Henrion do Pansey, Pierre P. N. Fr. jur., author 1742 1829
Henriot, Francis. French revolutionist 1761 1794
Henrique, T>uke of Viseo. Port pro. of naviga. . 1S94 i4tXi
Henriquel-Dapiont, Louis Pierre. Fr. engraver.. 1797
Henriquez, Camjlo. Chilian journalist 1769 1825
Henriquez, Crisostomo. Spanish author 1594 16:H
Henry, Prince of Wales. Son of James 1 1504 1612
Henry de Blois. Cardinal. Bishop uf Winchester 1171
Henry or' Huntingdon. Historian oft. 1151
Henry, Alexander. Irish, merchant in America. . 17% 1847
Henry I. B-aucUrc. King of England 1O6S 1135
Henry n. KingofEng. First of Plantagenet line 1133 11S9
Henry m. King of Eng. Waged war with barons. 1207 1272
Henry IV. King of Eng. First of Lan. dynasty... 1366 1413
Henry V. Oi Monmouth. King of England. .". 1388 14->2
Henry VI. OfWindfnr. King of England ...1421 1471
Henry VII. King of Eng. Founder of Tudor line 1456 1509
Henry VIII. King of England 1491 1.547
Henry I. King of .France . . .' 1011? 1060
Henry n. King of Fr. Mar. Cath. de Medici 1519 1559
Henry III. H'-nri de Valois. King of France 1.5.51 1589
Henry IV, King Fr. and Navarre. Assassinated. 15.53 1610
Henry I. The Fowt'r. Emperor of Germanv 876 936
Henry n., Saint. Emp. of Ger. Fd. of mon. and s. 973 1024
Henry m. Thr Black, or Bf-arded. Emp. of Ger. 1017 1056
Henry IV. Emp. of Ger. Con. ag. P. Greg. VII.. . 1050 1106
Henry V. Emp. of Ger. Last emp. of SaUc line. . 108' 1125
Henry VI. TheCrnH. Emperor of Germanv 1165 1197
Henry the Iiion. Puke of Saxonv and Bavaria 1129 1195
Henry tLe Navigator. Port, prince. Pro. of nav. 1394 1460
Henry the Minstrel, o. Blind Harry. Scot.poet.fi. 147-80
Henry, Alexander. Am. traveler and author 1739 1824
Henry, Alexande.-. American statesman 1823 1883
Henry, Caleb Spra^Tce. Am. author, clergyman. . 1804 1884
Henry, David. Eng p'r. Cond. GentleToan's Mag. 1710 1792
„ „ , , ,. EOKS DIED
Henry, Edward Lamson. American artist. 1841
Henry, Gustavus Adolphus. Am. states., orator. l.'^Ol 1880
Henry, Henry A. English Jewish Rabbi in Am .. 1801 1879
Henry, James American historian iso9
Henry, John. British naval officer i7.-;i is29
Henry, John. Irish actor in America 173s 1795
Henry, John. American statesman 1750 1798
Henry, John Flournoy. American phvsician 1793 1873
Henry, John Joseph. Am. soldier and jurist 1758 1811
Henry, Joseph. American physicist 1797 1^7^
Henry, Matthew. Eng. divine and commentator. 1672 1714
Henry, Morris Henry. Eng phvs. in America... 1835
Henry, Patrick. Am. statesman and orator 1736 i799
Henry, Philip. Eng. Xouconformist divine 1631 1696
Henry, Pierre Fraufois. Fr- lawver aud author. . 1759 1833
Henry, Robert. Scottish divine 1718 1790
Henry, Robert. American educator 1792 1S56
Henry, Robert Pryor. American lawver 1788 1828
Henry, Tiiomas Charlton. Am. authoV and cl 1790 1827
Henry, William. Am. statesman and inventor. .. 1729 1786
Henry, William. American manufacturer 1757 1827
Henry, William Alexander. Canadian jurist 1816 .
Henry, William Wirt. Am. lawver and orator. 1S31
Henryson or Henderson, Robert. Scottish poet isos?
HenseL Louise. German poetess 1798 1876
Henselt, Adolf. German pianist isi4
Henshaw, Daniel. Am. journaiist and lairver 1782 is63
Henshaw, David. Am. political writer, states'n. 1791 1852
Henshaw, John Prentiss K. .\m. P. E. clergvman 1792 1852
Henshaw, Joshua Sidnev. Am.author.educator 1811 "1859
Hensler, Eliza. Am singer. "Countess of Edla." 1835 . .
Henslow, John Stevens. English botanist 17<>6 1861
Hensman, John, Rev., of Clifton. A divine 1781? 1864
Henson, Josiah. American negro clergvman 17S7 1881
Henson, Poindexter S. Am. edu., clergyman 1831
Henty, George A. Eng. journalist and author 1832 ....
Hentz, Caroline L.. born Whiting. Am. authoress 1800 1856
Hentz, Caroline Therese. American authoress... 1833
Hentz, Ficholas Marcellus. Fr. educator in Am. 1707 i856
Hentz, Julia L. American poetess 1^39 1879
Hepburn, James B. Scot. ling, and orien. in Italv 1573 1620
Hepburn, James Curtis. .\m. medical miss ". 1815
Hepburn, John. Prior of St. Andrews fl. 1480 1520
Hepburn, Robert. Scot, ^liscellaneons writer. .. 166O . .
Hepliaastion. General of Alexander b. c. 328
Hepworth, George Hughes. American journalist 1833
Heraclitus. The yotnrali.H. Greek philosopher, fl. b. c. 500
Heracllus. Emperor of the Easit (6!0—41> 575? 6u
Heraldus, Desiderius. Didinr Iltrtritll. Fr. w'r. . 1575? 1649
Herapath, John. English author and publisher. 1791 1868
Herapath, \Mlliam. English chemist 1796 1868
Herauld, Andre. French scientist and author 1662 I7a4
Herault de SeoheUes, Marie Jean Fr. revolu 1760 179*
Herbart, Jobaun Friedrich. Ger. philosopher. .. 1776 1841
Herbelot,d', Barthileniy. French orientalist 1625 1695
Herbermann, Charles Geo. Prus. edu. in Am I8i0
Herbert, Edward. English author issi 1648
Herbert of Lea. Eliz., Baroness. Eng.phil.in Am. 1825
Herbert, George. English poet 1593 1632
Herbert, Henry William. Franl; Forester. Xm. tM.ieoi 1858
Herbert, Mary. Count's of Pembroke. Poet aud w'r 1621
Herbert, Sidney. Lord of Lea. Eng. statesman... 1810 1861
Herbert, Thomas Sir. English rovalist I6IO 1682
Herbert, William. Earl of Pembroke. Poet 1580 1630
Herbert, William, of Cheshunt. Tvpog. antiquary 1718 1795
Herbert, William Rev. English author- 1778 1847
Herbette, .\udre Paul. Spanish iconographer. .. . 1739 1817
Herbin, .\ugustu3 Francis J. French orientalist 1783 1806
Herbinius, John. Polish divine and nat. philos. 1633 1676
Herbst, John. Ger. Moravian bishop in America 1735 1812
Herbst, John Andrew. German musical writer.. . 1588 1660
Herculano de Carvalho e Arauio. Alex. Port, sch 1796? 1877
Herder von, Johanu G. Ger. jdiilo., pr. and wr. 1744 1803
Herdonana, Autonio Modesto. Mex. R. C. cl 1709 1758
Heredla, Jose Maria. Cuban poet 1803 1830
Hereford, Frank. American lawver and senator. 1825
Hereward. Eng. Partisan Captain at Conquest 1072
Hergenrother, Josef. Germau eccl. historian 1822
Hericault, d' Charles Jos. de Ricault. Fr. writer 1S23
Herlconrt, de Louis. French jurist ibS7 1732
Bering, Ccnstantine. Ger. phys and auth. in Am 1800 1880
Herlot, George. Scottish philanthropist 1.963 1624
Herlot, tieorge. English statesman in Canada. . . 1766 1844
Heiissant, Louis A. P. French phvs. and nat 1745 1796
Heiitier de BruteUe, Charles Louis r Fr. bot... 1746 1800
Herltier de VUlandon, Marv Jane 1". Writer.... 1664 1734
Heritier de Villandon, Nicholas 1'. Fr. poet 1630? 1680
Herkimer, Nicholas, American general 1715? 1777
Herkomer, Hubert. German artist in England.. . 1849
Herllcius, David. German astrologer 1558 1636
Herman, Jolm G. Prus. Moravian bishop in Am. 1789 1854
Hermann 01 Herman. German hero b. c.16a.d. 21
Hermann, James. Swiss mathem., nat. philos... 1678 1733
Hermann, Johann G. J. Ger. philologist, critic. 1772 1848
Hermann, John. Physician and naturalist 1738 1800
Hermann, Paul. German botanist 1646 1695
Hermannus, Co7i(rarti/s. of Suabia. Mus. writer. . 1013 1064
Hemant, Godfrey. Dr. of the Sorbonne. Theol.. 1617 1690
Hermas. Christian writer fl. 1st c
HERMELIN — HILARY
1745
BORN DIED
Hermelillj Samuel G., Baron. Swed. mineral. ... 1744 1820
Hermes, Georg. German theologian 1775 1S31
Hermilly, d', Vaquette. French liistorian 1710 1778
Hermocrates. Syracusian statesman, general. . . b. c. 4067
Hermolaus Barbarus. Yen. schl'r. See Bareako h.M 149.5
Hermstaedt, Nicholas P. Dutch miss., author... lo'Jl 15S9
Hernandez, Francisco. Sp. phys. and naturalist fl. 16th c.
Hernandez, Joseph Marion, Am. soldier, Cong 1859
Hernandez, Vicente. Spanish missionary 1480 1543
Herndon, Mary. Eliza. American authoress 1S'20
Herndon, Will'iam Lewis. American naval officer 1813 1857
Herod Agrippa I. armt. Tetrarch of Abilene 44
Herod Agrippa II., s"H. Kingof Chalcis 31 100
Herod Antipas. Tetrach of Gal.; deposed a.d. 39 aft. 89
Herod the Great. King of the Jews B.C. 60 a.d. 2
Herod Philip, SOB. Tetrarch a.d. 34
Herodes Atticus. Embellisher of Athens 104? 180?
Herodian. Greek writer on Roman history tl. 3d c.
Herodotus. Fulhn-of liistonj. Greek his B.C. 484? 420?
Herold, Louis Joseph F. French opera composer 1791 1SS3
Heron or Hero. Greek math and mechanician fl. b. c. 5d c.
Heron, Matilda. Irish actress in Ameriea 1830 1877
Herophilus. Greek anatomist fl. B.C. 280?
Herran, Jeronimo. Jesuit missionarv, author
Herrera, Bartolome. Per. R.C. bish.^states'u.... 1S0.S 1864
Herrera, de, Ferdinand. Spanish poet 1.516? 1.595
Herrera, de, Fernando. Spanish poet 15:M 1.597
Herrera, de. Frauds. Spanish-painter 1622 1685
Herrera, de, Francisco. Spauish painter lo76 1656
Herrera, de, Jose Joaquin. President of Mexico 1792 1854
Herrera, Nicolas. Urnguayan statesman 1780 18S2
Herrera y Cabrera. Cuban educator, journalist. 1792 1866
Herrera y Tordesillas, de, Antouio. Spanish hist 1549 1625
Herrgott, John James. Ger. diplom. and hist... 1694 1762
Herrick, Anson. Am. statesman and journalist. . 1812 1868
Herrick, Edward C. Am. scientist and states'n.. 1811 1862
Herrick, John R. Am. educator and clergyman.. 1822
Herrick, Joshua, .\merican statesman 1793 1874
Herrick, Lucius Carroll. American physician.... 1840 ....
Herrick, Robert. English poet 1.591 1674
Herrick, Samuel Edward. Am. author and cl 1841 ....
Herrick, Sophie McIIvaine B. Am. journalist 1837
Herrick, Stephen S. .\m. phys., surg., author 18.33 ....
Herring, Elbert. Atnerican jurist 1777 1876
Herring, Frederick William. American artist... 1821
Herring, James. English artist in America 17*4 1867
Herring, John Frederick. English painter 1795 1865
Herring, Thomas. Abp. Canterbury (1747-57) 1693 1757
Herrman, .\ugustine. Bohemian colonist 1605 1686
Herrman, Ephraim A. Bohemian statesman .•.. 1735
Herrman, Ei)hrai]n G. Bohemian statesman 16.52 1689
Herron, Francis. Am. Presbyterian clergyman.. 1774 1860
He "ron, Francis Jay. Am. soldier and lawyer. .. . 1837 ....
Heischel, Caroline L. Sister .sir Wm. Astronomer 17.50 1848
Herschel, John F. W., Sir. Astronomer, philos.. 1792 1871
Herschel, William. Sir. Ger. astronomer in Eng. 1738 1822
Herschell, Farrer. English statesman 1837 ....
Hersent or Hersan, Charles. Opponent Richelieu afl. 1660
Hersey, Abner. American i^hysiciau 1722 1787
Hersey, Ezekiel. Am. physician, philanthropist. 1709 1770
Hersey, Samuel Freeman. Am. statesm'u philan 1812 1875
Hertel de Renville, Francis. Canadian soldier... 1643 1722
Hertius, John Nicholas. Ger. historical writer. . 1651 1710
Hertz, Hendrik. Danish poet 1798 1870
Hertzberg. von, Ewald Frederick. Prtis. states. 1725 1795
Hertzen Of Herzeu, -Alexander. Rus. Revo. auth. 1812 1870
Hervas y Panduro,.Lorenzo. Span, philologist.. 1735 1809
Herve, Aimif Marie Edouard. French journalist. 18.35
Herve, pseud. of Florimond Ronger. Fr. compos'r 1825 ....
Hervey, James. English divine 1713 17.58
Hervey, John, Lord." English writer 1696 1743
Hervey, Thomas Kibble. English author 1799 1859
Herwart, John George. German critic 1.5.54 1622
Herwarth von Bittenfeld, Karl E. Prus. general 1796 is,S4
Herwegh, Georg. German poet and politician... 1817 1S75
H6ry, de, Thierry. French surgeon 1505? 1.599
Herz, Henri. Ger. pianist and com. in France 1806 1888
Herz, Henrietta. Ger. beauty aud wit 1764 1847
Herzog, Johann Jakob. German theologian 1805 1882
Heshusius, Tilemannus. Auti-Calvanist theol 1526 1588
Hesiod. Greek epic poet fl. b. c. 800?
Hess, Charles Ernst C. German engraver 1755 1828
Hess, George. German sculptor in America 1832 ....
Hess, Johann Jakob. Swiss Protestant theologian 1741 1828
Hess, von, Heinrich.H. J., Baron. .Austrian gen. 1788 1870
Hess, von, Hoinrich Maria. Ger. historical ptr. . 1798 1863
Hess, von, Peter. J!ro(Arro./'/f.. if. Ger. painter... 1792 1871
Hesse, William, Prince of. 'Astronomer. 1.545 1.597
Hessels "rHesselius, John, of Lotivain. Theol...l522 1.566
Hesychius. -llexandrian grammarian fl'. .380?
Hetzer, Louis. German Socinian 1.540
Heugh, Hugh.D. D. Scottish divine 1782 1846
HeugUn, von, Theodor. Barnn. German traveler 1824 1876
Heunert, Karl. German painter 1808 1876
Heurnius, John. Medical writer at Leyden 1543 1601
Heusch, van, -Abraham. Painter 1660 1712
Heusch, van, Jacob. Painter 16.57 1701
Heusch, van, William. Landscape ptr. of Utrecht 1630? 1700?
Heusde, Philippus Willem. Dutch author 1778 1839
BOKN DIED
Heusinger, Jakob Frledrich. Ger. philologist 1719 1778
Heustls, Jabez W. Br.-Am. physician in Am 1784 1841
Heustis, James F. Am. physician and surgeon. . 1829
Heuzey, Leon. French arciiKOloeist 1831
Kevelius, Johannes. Polish astronomer Ii511 17ffl
Hevin, Prudent. French surgical writer 1715 1789
Hewat, .Alexander. Scottish historian in Am 1745 1829
Hewes, George R. T. One of the Boston tea-party 1731 1840
Hewes, Joseph. Signer of Dec. of Independence.. 1780 1779
Hewetf, Edward Osborne. Eng. eng. in Canada. . 1835
Hewlt, Henry Stewart. Am. surg. and soldier 1825 1873
Hewlt, Nathaniel. American clergyman 1788 1867
Hewit, Nathaniel Augustus. Am. auth., R. C. cl.. 1820
Hewitt, .\bram Stevens. Am. manuf. and states.. 1822
Hewitt, Charles Nathaniel. Am. physician 1836
Hewitt, Edward Crawford. American educator.. 1828
Hewitt, Mary Elizabeth. American authoress 1818
Hewitt, Waterman Thomas. Am. edu. and auth.. 1846
Hewson, Addinell. Am. physician and author.... 18a8
Hewson, Thomas Tickell. Eng: physician in Am. 1773 1848
Hewson, William. English anatomist 1739 1774
Hexamcr, William. American army officer 1825 1870
Hexham, John, Prior of fl. 1170
Hexham, Rd., Prior of fl. iiss
Hey, John, D. D. Norrisian Prof, of Div, Camb... 17.34 1815
Hey, Wm.. F.R.S., Surg., friend of Wilberforce. . . 1736 1819
Hey, William. English jurist in Canada.. ..' 1797
Heyden, van der, Jan. Dutch painter 1637 1712
Heyden, von, Frederick A. Ger. nov. and poet.. 1789 l.s.51
Heyer, Christian Frederick. Ger. missionery 1793 1873
Heylen, Peter, D.D. English historical writer... I6OO 1662
Heylli, Autoiue Edm. Poiusot. Fr. litt<^rateur... . 1833
Heyne, Christian Gottlob. German philologist. . 1729 1812
Heyse, Karl Wilhelm Ludwig. Ger. philologist.. 1797 1855
Heyse, Paul Johann Ludwig. C^erman author 1830
Heyward, Thomas, Jr. Am. signer of dec. of Ind 1746 1809
Heywood, Charles. Am. oflicer of marines ..1889
Heywood, Eliza, Mrs. English romaucist 1693 1756
Heywood, Jasper. English poet 1535 1-598
Heywood, John. English dramatic poet 1565
Heywood, John Healy. Am. Unit, clergyman 1818 1880
Heywood, Levi. American inventor 1800 1882
Heywood, Oliver. Eng. nonconformist divine... 1629 1702
Heywood, Thomas. Actor and writer Eliz.-Chas. I.
Heywood, Thomas. Eng. actor aud dramatist 16507
Heywood, Walter. American merchant 1804
Hiacoomes. American Indian preacher 1610 1690
Hibbard, Ellery Albee. American jurist 1826
Hibbard, Freeborn Garretsou. Am. author, cl. .. 1811
Hickcox, John Howard. Am. librarian, author.. 1832
Hickenlooper, Andrew. Am. engineer, soldier... 18.37 ....
Hickes, George. Eng. philologist and author 1642 1715
Hickes, John. English nonco'^'ormist 1685
Hickey, Thomas. American cui.spirator 1776
Hickman, Henry. Eng. ejected uoncon. divine 1692
Hickman, John. Am. lawyer and statesman 1810 1875
Hickman, Robert S. Bfnii Ilickmnn. American... 1813 1873
Hickman, William. AmericanBaptist clergyman 1747 1830
Hickok, Laurens P. American metaphysician 1798 1888
Hicks-Beach, Michael Ed., Sir. Eng. statesman.. 1837
Hicks Pasha, Edward. British soldier 1883
Hicks, Ellas. American Quaker preacher 1743 1830
Hicks, George Edgar. English painter 1824
Hicks, John. American journalist , 1750
Hicks, Thomas. American artist 1823 1890
Hicks, Thomas Holliday. American statesman. . 1798 1865
Hicks, Whitehead. American lawyer, statesman 1728 1780
Hidalgo, Ignacio Xavier. Mex. R.C. clergyman. 1698 1759
Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel. Mexican rev 1753 1811
Hierol. Tvrant of Syracuse (b. c. 478-467) b. c. 467
Hiero II. King ol Syracuse (b. c. 270-216) 308, 216 b. c.
Hierocles. Neoplatouist fl 460?
Hieronyraus. or Jerome St. Christian writer 345? 420
Hiester, Daniel. Am. soldier and Congressman.. 1747 1804
Hiester, Isaac Ellmiiker. American lawyer 1720 1S71
Hiester, John. American Congressman 1746 1821
Hiester, Joseph. Am. soldier and statesman 1746 1821
Hiester, William. American Congressman 1853
Hifferman, Paul. Irish drama'.ic poet 1719 1777
Higbee, Elnatlian Elisba. .American educator. . . 1830 ....
Higden, Ralnh. English historiMU 1367?
Higgins fii- Hlgins, John. Eng. div. schoolmaster 1.544? 16057
Hlggins, Matthew James. English journalist 1815? 1868
Higginson, Francis. English clergyman 1.588 1630
Higginson, Francis John. American naval officer 1843
Higginson, Henry Lee. .\m. banker and soldier. 1834
Higginson, Stephen. Am. merchant and author. 1743 1828
Higginson, Stephen. Am. mer., philanthropist, . 1770 1834
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. American auth 1:^23 ....
Higgons, Bevil. English historical writer, poet.. . 1670 1735
Higgons, Thomas, Sir Eng. politician, writer. .. 1624 1691
Hlghmore, Joseph. Eng. portrait, bis. painter.. 1692 1780
Highmore, Nathaniel. English anatomist 1613 1684
Hignaihue. Araucanian Cacique 1576 1016
Hilarion, St. Found, of monastic life in Palestine 2927 371
Hllariuse, Josejih, Ger. antiq. and medalist 1737 1798
Hilary. Bishop of Rome (46i-(;7) 467
Hilary or Hilarius, St. It. writ., bp. of Poitiers.. 300? 367
Hilary or Hilarius, Saint. Bishop of Aries 4067 44S
1746
HILBER N A Z — HODGSON
BOKN IJIED
Hilbernaz, Francisco de Faria. Braz. philan 1669 1731
HUda, St. Abbess of Whitby 680
Hlldebrand, Bruuo. Geriiiun statistician 1812 1873
Hildebrand, Saiut. See Gregory VII.
Hildebrandi, Ferdinand Theodor. Ger. painter 1804 1874
Hildeburn, Chai'les Swift Riche. .\m Bibliog... 1865 .. .
Hildeburn, Marv Jane. M, Roseau. Am. authoress 1821 1882
Hildegard, St. Abbess of St. Rupert's Mount 1098 1180
HUdesley , Mark. Bishop of Man 1698 1772
HUdreth, Eugenius A. Am. physician and author 1821 1885
Hildretlx, Ezeklel. Am. educator and author 1784 1866
Hildreth, Hosea. Am. educator and clergyman. . 1782 1836
Hildreth, Richard. American historian 1807 186-i
Hlldretll, Samuel P. Am. physician and author.. 1783 1863
Hilgard, Eugene W. Bavarian chem., geolo. in Am 1833 ....
Hilgard, Julius E. Baraviau scientist, writer 1825 1891
Hilgard, Theodore C. Ger. phys.. scientist in Am 1828 1875
Hilgard, Theodore E. Ger. viticulturist in Am... 1790 1873
Hill, .\aron. English poet and dramatic writer.. 1685 1750
Hill, -^^mbrose Powell. Confederate general 1825 1865
Hill, Benjamin D. Eng. author and R. C. clerg. . . 1842
Hill, Benjamin H. Am. statesman and orator.... 1823 1882
Hill, Daniel Harvey. Am educator and author. .. 1821
Hill, I>avid Bennett. American statesman 1844 ....
Hill, David Javne. Am. educator and author 1850
Hill, David Oc'tavlus. Scotch landscape painter. 1802 1870
Hill, Francis Mulligan. Am. miss, and educator. 1807 1884
HUl, Geo.,D.D. Prin.St. Andr. Lead.ingen.assem 1750 1819
Hill, George. Am. poet and public officer 1796 1871
Hill, George Handel. Yanl:re Hill. Am. actor. ... 1809 1869
Hill, George W. Nova Scotian P. E. clergyman. . . 1824
Hill, George William. Am. astron. and author... 1838
Hill, Henrv Barker. Am. chemist and author 1849
Hill, Isaac'. Am. statesman and journalist 1788 1851
Hill, John. American statesman 1821 1884
Hill, John McClary. American journalist 1821 ....
Hill, John, Sir. English physician and writer 1716 1775
Hill, Joseph. English divine and lexicographer. . 1625 1707
Hill, Joshua. American statesman, ,.- 1812 ....
Hill, Mark Langdon. American statesman • 1772 1842
Hill, Nathaniel Parker. Am. Senator and geol... 1832 ....
Hill, Nicholas. .-Vmerican lawyer 1806 1859
Hill, Octavia. English social reformer 1838
Hill, Richard. Am. merchant and statesman 1729 ....
Hill, Richard, Sir. M. P. Eng. controversial writer 17.33 1808
Hill, Robert. English self-taught genius 1099 1777
Hill, Rowland. Rev. English Methodist preacher 1744 1833
Hill, Rowland, Sir. Eng. au. of cheap-postage sys 1795 1879
Hill, Theophilus Hunter. Am. lawer and poet 1836 ..
Hill, Thomas Ford. Eng. antiquary and philol 1795
Hill, Thomas. Am. cl. Pres. Harvard University 1818
Hill, Thomas. English artist in America 1829
Hill, Uriah C. American musician 1802 1875
HUl, Walter Henry. Am. edu,.R. C. cl. and author 1822 . . .
HUl, Whitmill. A"merican statesman 1743 1797
Hill, William. Am. Presbvterian clergyman 1769 l.?52
Hillard, Francis. Am. law'r, auth.legal textbooks 1806 1878
Hlllard, George S. Am. lawyer. orator and author 1808 1879
Hillegaa, Michael. Am. mer. and U. S. treasurer. 172.^ 1804
Hillel. Eliirr. Ha Zaken and PolUo. Jew. Rabbi. B.C. 112? .i. D.8?
Hillel. Younger. Kani. Jewish Rabbi fl 300?
Hiller, -Alfred. Am. educator and clergyman 1831 —
Hiller, von, Ferdinand. German composer ISll 1885
HUlern, von, Bertha. Ger. art., pedestrian in Am 1857
Hillern, von, W'ilhelmine. German novelist 1836 ....
HlUhouse, Augustus Lucas. Am. hymn writer... 1791 1859
Hillhouse, James. Irish Lutheran clergyman — 1687 1740
Hillhouse, James. American lawyer and Senator 1754 18.32
Hillhouse, James -\. Am. la«*yer and educator... 1730 1775
Hillhouse, James .\braham. American poet 17S9 1841
Hillhouse, William. .American jurist and soldier 1728 1816
Hllliard D'AuberteuU, Michel R. French author 1751 17S5
Hilliard, Francis. American jurist and author. . 1808 1878
Billiard, Henrv Washington. American lawyer. . 1.S08
HUliard, Nicholas. Eng.goldsmith, portrait paint. 1547 1619
Hilliard, William Henry. American artist 1836 ....
Hillier, George. Eng. antiquarian and historian. 1816 1866
Hillis, David. American statesman and soldier. . 1789 1845
Hills, George. English .\nglicau bishop 1816 ....
Hills, George M. .\m. author and clergyman 1825 ....
Hillsborough, Wills Hill. Earl of. Eng.statesm'n 1718 1793
Hillyer, -\sa. Am. Presltyterian clergyman 1763 1840
Hillyer, Junius. American jurist . . . .' 1807 1886
Hillyer, William SilHman. Am. lawyer, soldier. 1831 1874
Hilprecht, He.mann V. Ger. educator and aiith. 18-59 ...
Hllsou, Ellen .\ugusta. Eng. actress in America. 1891 l.'v!7
Hllson, Thomas. English actor in America 1784 18.34
Hilton, John. English n.usical composer 1655?
Hilton, Walter. MonkofSneen fl. 15th c.
Hilton, William. English historical painter 1786 1839
Himes, Charles Francis. Am. edu. and author .. 1838 ....
Himilco. Carthaginian general fl. B. c. 408
HimUco. Carthaginian navigator fl. 5th c. B. c.
Himmel, Frederick Henry. German composer.. 1765 1814
Hinchcltee, John. Bishop of Peterborough 1731 1794
Hlnckeldey, von, Chas. L. F. Prus. min. of police 1803 1856
Hinckley, John, b. D. English divine 1617 1695
Hinckley, Thomas. Eng. statesman in .America. 1618 1706
Hinckley, Thomas Hewes. American artist 1813
BOKN DIED
Hinckb, Edward. Irish clergyman 1792 1866
Hincks, Francis. Sir. Canadian statesman. 1807 1885
Hlncks, William. Irish educator in Canada 1801 1871
Hincmar. French prelate. Abp. of Rheims 806? 882
Hind, Henry Youle. Eng. geologist. author in Can 1823
Hind, John Russell. English astronomer 1823
Hlndinan, William. American statesman 1743 1822
Hinds, James. Am. lawyer and Congressman 1833 1868
Hinkley, Holmes. Am. inventor, manufacturer.. 1793 1866
Hinman, Benjamin. Am. soldier, statesman 1720 1810
Hinman, Clarke Titus. American educator 1817 1864
Hinman, Elisba. American naval officer 1734 1807
Hinman, Joel. American jurist 1802 1870
Hinmau, Royal Ralph. Am. statesman, author. . 1786 1868
Hinrichs, Gustavus D. Ger. chemist, auth. in Am 1836
Hinsdale, Burke A. Am. educator and author... 1837
Hintenach, .Andrew. Ger. R. C. prelate in Am.. 1844
Hinton, Isaac Taylor. Eng. clergyman in Am 1799 1847
Hinton, John Howard. Eiig. cl. and author 1791 1873
Hipparchus. Bithyniau founder scientific astron. fl.B.c. 150?
Hipparchus. Son of Pisistratus. of Athens B. c. 514
Hippeau, Edmond Gabriel. Fr. educationist 1849
Hippel, von, Theodor Gottlieb. Ger. author 1741 1796
Hippesley, John Coxe. Sir. Eng. political writer 1825
Hippoau, Celestin. Frenchauthor 1803 1833
Hippocrates. F. of Med. Greek physician.... b. c. 468 367?
Hippolytus, Saint. Greek bishop and martyr... a.d.230?
Hipponax. Greek lyric poet fl.6thc.B.c^
Hire, de la, Gabriel Philip. French painter 1677 1719
Hire, de la, Lawrence. French painter 1C06 1656
Hire, de la, Philip. French mathematician 1640 1718
Hirscli, Samuel. Prus. rabbi and author in Am.. 1816
Hirst, Henry Beck. American poet 1813 1874
Hiscock, Frank. Am. lawyer and statesman 1834
Hitchcock, Alfred. Am. Senator and inventor.. 1813 1874
Hitchcock, Charles Henry. .\m. geol.. author 1836
Hitchcock, David. American poet 1773 183*
Hitchcock, Edw. Am. geol. Pres. of Amherst Col. 1793 1864
Hitchcock, Edward. Am. educator and author.. 1828
Hitchcock, Enos. Am. clergyman and author... 1744 1803
Hitchcock, James Ripley W." Am. author 1857
Hitchcock, Peter. American jurist 1781 186»
Hitchcock, Phineas W. American statesman 1831 1881
Hitchcock, Robert B. American naval officer 1803 1888
Hitchcock, Roswell Dwight. Am. cl. and author 1817 "1887
Hitchcock, Samuel Austin. Am. philanthropist. 1784 1873
Hittorfl", Jacques Ignace. French architect 1792 1867
Hitz, John. Swiss dip. and min. in America 1820 1864
Hitzig, Ferdinand. German Biblical critic 1807 1875
Hjorn, Oscar. Swedish naturalist and author 1741 1792
Hoadley, Benjamin. English prelate 1671 17oi
Hoadley, Benjamin, M. D., 5on. Dramatic writer. 1706 1757
Hoadley, George. American jurist 1826 ....
Hoadley, John Cbipman. Am. civil engineer 1818 l,s^6
Hoadley, John, LL. D., Rev. Dramatist 1711 1776
Hoadley, Loammi 1. Am. clergyman and author 1790 1883
Hoar, Ebenezer Kockwood. American jurist 1816
Hoar, George F. American lawver and Senator.. 1826 ....
Hoar, Jonathan. American soldier and governor 1720 1771
Hoar, Leonard. American educator 1629 1676
Hoar, Samuel. American statesman 1788 1866
Hoare, Prince, F. S A. Eng. dramatic writer 1755 1834
Hoare, Richard Colt. Sir. Eng. topographer 1758 1838
Hoare, William, R. A. English painter 1707 1792
Hobart, Aaron. American lawver. Congressman. 1787 1858
Hobart, Augustus C. Eng. nav. officer in Turkey 1822 1886
Hobart, John Henry, American P. E. bishop 1776 1830
Hobart, John Henry. Am. P. E. cl. and author... 1817 ....
Hobart, John Sloss. American jurist 1738 1805
Hobart Pasha, Hon. Aug. H.-H. marl Turkey 1822 1886
Hobart, Peter. Eng. educator, cl. in America — 1604 1678
Hobbes, Thomas. English philosopher 1588 1679
Hobble, Selah R. American lawyer, statesman.. 1797 1854
Hobby, William. American minister, author 1707 1765
Hobhouse, Benjamin, Sir. English statesman... 1757 1831
Hobhouse, John C. L'd Brougbton. Eng. states'n 1786 1869
Hoblyn, Robert, M. P. Book collector 1710? 1756
Hobson, Archibald A. Am. cl. and educator 1823 1886
Hobson, Edward H. Am. merchant and soldier... 1825 —
Hobson, Hugh L. Am. physician, inventor 1796 1873
Hobson, Hutrh L. Am. surgeon and author 1836 1881
Hoccleve or Occleve, Thomas. English poet 1370? 1454T
Hoche. Lazare. Fr. gen. Life bv Rousselin. 1798 1768 1797
Hochstetter, .\ndrew A. Prot. divine. Tubingen 1688 1717
Hodge, Charles. Am. theologian and professor.. 17£7 1878
Hodge, George B. Am. lawyer and soldier 1828
Hodge, James Thatcher. American geologist 1816 1871
Hodge, Samuel. Am. edu. and Presby. clergyman 1829
Hodges, Edward. Eng. musician in America 1796 1876
Hodges, Nathaniel, M. D. English writer 1630? 1684
Hodges, Silas Henry. Am. lawyer and public offi. 1804 1875
Hodges, William, R. A. English painter 1744 1797
Hodgins, John George. Irish edu. and au. in Can. 1821
Hodgins, Thomas. Irish lawyer and w'rin Can. 1835
Hodgkinson, Eaton. Enelish physicist 1789 1861
Hodgkinson, John. English actor in America 1766 1805
Hodgson, Francis. Scholar and poet 1780 1852
Hodgson, Francis. English cl. and author in Am. 1805 1877
Hodgson, John, Rev. English historian 1846
HODGSON — HO MANN
1747
BORN DIED
Hodgson, Robert, D. D. Deaa of Carlisle 1S44
Hodgson, Robert, Sir. Canadian jurist 1798 1S«0
Hodson, William Stephens Raikes. Eng. soldier 1821 1858
Hody, Humphrey. English historian. 1B59 1706
Hoe. Matthias de H. Uer. controversial divine.. . 15S0 1645
Hoe Richard March. American inventor 1812 1886
Hoe, Robert. English manu.acturer in America 1784 1833
Hoe! Robert. American manufacturer 1815 1884
Hoe, Robert. Am. president of the Grolier Club. 1839 ....
Hoecke, van den. Jan. Flemish painter 1611 1651
Hoecken, Christian. R. C. miss, to the Indians 1861
Hoefer, Jean Chretien F. Ger. writer in France.. 1811 1878
Hoelty, Louis Heurv Christopher. German poet. 1748 1776
Hoeltzlinus, Jeremiah. Ger. philol. at Lcyden 1641
Hoerberg, Peter. Swedish ptr. Life by self . 1817. 1746 1819
Ho schellus, David. Ger.schol.andcoll.of MSS. In56 1617
Hoet, Gerard. Dutch historical painter 1648 1733
Hoeven vander.Jan. Dutch naturalist ISOI 1868
Hoey, Josephine. English actress in America.... 1824 .^..
Hofer, Andreas. Tyrolcse patriot. - ._ 1767 1810
Hoff Henry Kuhn. .\merican naval ofncer 1809 1878
Foff'bauer, Joseph H. I. Fr. painter and architect 1839 . ..
Hoffman, Beekmnn Verplanck. Am. naval officer 1789 1834
Hoffman, Charles Fenno. American author 1806 1884
Hoffman, Charles F. Am. P. E. clergyman, ben.. 1834 ....
Hoffman, David. American lawyer and writer — 1784 1854
Hoffman, David Bancroft. Am. phys., statesman. 1827
Hoffman, Eugene -\. Am. cl. and benefactor 1829 —
Hoffman, Francis Benedict. Fr. dramatic poet. . 1760 1828
Hoffman, John James, of Basle. Lexicographer. 1635 1706
Hoffman, John N Aiu. clergyman and author... 1804 18j7
Hoffman, John Thompson, .\merican statesman 1828 1888
Hoffman, Michael. American statesman 1788 1848
Hoffman, Murray. American jurist and author.. 1791 1878
Hoffman Ogden". Am. lawverand naval officer... 1793 1856
Hoffman, Richard H. English musician in Am. . 1831
Hoffman, Sarah. American philanthropist 1743
Hoffman, Wickham. American diplomatist 1821 —
Hoffmann Christian Godfrey. German jurist... . 1692 1735
Hoffmann Christopher Louis. Ger. med. writer 1721 1807
Hoffmann, Ernest Theod. \Vm German writer. . 1776 1822
Hoffmann, Frederick. German physician 1660 1742
Hoffmann, Gaspar. German medical writer 1572 1648
Hoffmann, John Maurice. Medical writer 16;i3 1727
Hoffmann, Maurice. Anatomist and botanist — 1622 1098
Hoffmannsegg, Johann C, Ct. Ger. botanist.. .. 1766 1849
Hoffmann von Fallersleben. A\igust H. Ger. poet 1798 1874
Hoffmanowa, Clementina. Polish authoress. ... 1/98 1845
Hoffard, Martin L. Am. educator, hymn writer. . 1825 —
Holland, Barbara, born Wreaks. Enn. authoress. 1770 1844
Holland, Thomas Christopher. Landscape pt'r.. . 1777 1843
Hofman, August Wilhelm. German chemist 1818 —
Hofmann, Daniel. German divine itSo 5ool
Hogan, John. Irish sculptor .... ....... 1800? 1828
Hogan John. Irish statesman, and author in Am 1805
Hogan, John Joseph. Irish R. C. bish. in Am ... 1829 .^^.
Hogan Johns. Irish journalist in Canada 1815 1859
Hogan' Wifliam. .American pioneer and lawyer. . 1792 1875
Hogarth, William. English painter and engraver 1697 1764
Hoge James. American Presbyterian clergyman 1784 1863
Hogeljohn. American soldier and statesman — 1760 1824
Hoge Moses. -American educator and clergyman 1752 1820
Hoge' Moses Drury. .\m. clergyman and orator. . 1819
Hoge Samuel D. Am. clergvman and educator. . 1791 1826
Hoge! Solomen L. Am. soldier and Congressman 18.37 ....
Hoge, William. American Congressman 1763 1814
Hoge, William James. Am. clergyman and author 1821 1864
Hogeboom, Henry. American jurist 1808 1872
Hogg, James. The EUrick Shrpherd. Scottish poet 1/72 1835
Hohenloie. .^ princely family of Germany.
Hohenlohe, .Alexander L., Prince of. Med. empiric 1794 1849
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Frederick L.. Prince of. 1746 I8I7
Holienlohe-Scliilllng3,von,ClodwigC.V.,Prmce 1819 ....
Hohenstaufen. A princely family of Germany.
Hohenzollern. A princely family of Germany.
Holt, Albert Gallatin, American artist 1809 1856
Holbacli, von or d', Paul H.T., Baron. Fr.philos 1723 1789
Holbein, Hans. The F.Uier. German painter 1460 1.523
Holbein, Hans. TheYaunqer. German painter. . . 1497 1543
Holbein', Siffmund. German painter —nft 1540
Holberg, von, Ludvig, Baron. Dan. hist., dram.. 1684 1754
Holbrook, -Alfred. American educator 1816
Holbrook, Amos. American physician 17.>4 1842
Holbrook, James. Am. jour.andspec.agt.P.O Dept Isl2 1864
Holbrook, John Edwards. American naturalist. . 1794 1871
Holbrook, Silas Pinckney. .\merican author. . . 1796 1835
Holcombe, Amasa. Am. manuf. and c. engineer. 1788 1875
Holcombe, Henry. Am. clergyman and edu 1762 1826
Holcombe, Hosea. American clergyman 17S0 1841
Holcombe, James Philemon. .\m. author and edu 1820 1873
Holcombe, William Frederic. Am. phys. and biog 1727 —
Holcombe, Wilham Heurv. Am. phys. sud au.. .. 1825 —
Holcroft, Thomas. Eng. dramatist and translator 1745 1809
Holden, Chnrles Frederick. Am. naturalist 1851 —
Holden, Edward Singleton. Am. astronomer 1846 ._^..
Holden, Jliver. American hymn writer 1765 1831
Holden, William Woods. Am. journ. and states.. 1818 ....
Holder. Joseph Bassett. Am. phys. and zoologist 1824 »888
Holdick .'oseph. Eng. educator and clergymen. 1804 ...
BOBN DIEI>
Holdsworth, Richard. A learned Eng. divine — 1590 1049
Hole, Matthew, D. D. Rect. Exeter Col., Oxford. 1640? 1730
Hole, Kicliard. Rev. English poet 1750? 1803
Hole-in-the-day. .\m. Chippewa chief 1827 1868
Holguin, Carlos. South Am. journalist, statesman 1832 186S
Holguin, Diego Gonzales. Sp. miss, and author. . 1560 1620
Holinshed "r Hollynsbed, Raphael. Eng. chron 1580?
Holkar, Jeswunt Rao. Mahratta chief 1811
Holkar, Mulhar Rao. Mahratta chief 1766
HoU, Elias. German architect 1573 1636
Holl, Francis X. German Jesuit 1720 1784
HoU, Frank. English artist 1845 1888
HoUand, Edwin Clinton. Am. poet and essayist. 1793 1824
Holland, Elizabeth Vassall, Lady 1770 1845
Holland, Frederic May. American author 1836 ....
Holland, Frederick West. Am. cl. and author.. 1811 —
Holland, George. English actor in Am 1791 1871
Holland, Henry, Sir. English physician 1788 1873
Holland, Henry Fox, First Lord. Eng. statesman 1705 1774
HoUand, Henry Richard V.F., Baron. Eng. states. 1773 1.840
HoUand, Hugh. English poet fl. 1604
Holland, Josiah Gilbert. Tim. Tit. Am. author 1819 18S1
Holland, Nathaniel Dance, Sir. Painter 1734 1811
HoUand, Philemon English translator 1551 1636-
HoUand, Samuel. Can. soldier and surveyor gen 1801 —
Hollander. Peter. Swedish governor 1600 —
Hollar, VAclar. Bohemian engraver 1607 1677
HoUerius or HoulUer, James. Fr. medical w'r 1562"
Holies, Denzil. Lord. English statesman 1597 1680
HoUey, Alexander Lyman. Am. metallurgist — 1832 1882
HoUey, Horace. Am. educator aud clergyman. .. 1781 1827
Holley, Marietta. American humorous writer
HoUey, Mary Austin. .\m. authoress 1846-
Holley, Myron. American reformer 1779 1841
Holley, Orville Luther. Am. lawyer and editor.. 1791 1861
HoUiday, Ben. Am. pioneer and expressman — 1819 1887
HoUingsworti, Levi. Am. mer. and pub. officer. 1739 1824
Holllns, George Nichols. Am. naval officer 1799 1878
HoUis, Thomas. Eng. ben. of Harvard University 1659 1731
HoUis, Thomas. Eng. philanthropist in Am 1720 1774
HoUisier, Gideon Hiram. American author. 1817 1881
HoUman, Samuel Christian. Ger. philosopher.. 1696 1787
HoUoway, David P. Am. editor and statesman. . 1809 188*
HoUoway, James M. Am. phys. and educator — 1834 —
HoUoway, Laura C. Am. authoress, journalist. . 1848 —
HoUs, George C. German educator in America.. . 1824 1886
Holly, James T. A. American P. E. bishop 1829 ....
Holm, John C. Swedish cl. and trans, in America 1601 1683-
Holm, Thomas Campanius. Swedish historian
Holman, James. Lt. of Eng. The Blind TmrcleriKl 1857
Holman, Jesse Lvnch. Am. clergyman and jurist 1784 1842
Holman, Joseph Geo. English actor in America. 1764 1817
Holman, William Steele. American statesman... 1822 ....
Holme, John. English poet in America 1701
Holme, Thomas. Irish civil eng., states, in Am... 1625 1695
Holmes, Abiel. Am. clergyman and lecturer 17G3 1837
Holmes, Andrew F. Spanish phys., nat. in .\m... 1797 I860-
Holmes, David American statesman 1832
Holmes, David. Am. clergvman and educator — 1810 1873
Holmes, Gabriel. Am. lawyer and statesman 1769 1829
Holmes, George. English antiquary 1662 1749
Holmes, Georee F S. Am. educ andauth. in Am 1820
Holmes, Isaac Edward. Am. statesman, author.. 1796 1867
Holmes, John. American statesman 1773 1843
Holmes, John. Scottish statesman in Canada — 1789 1870
Holmes, John. Am. educ. and author in Canada. 1799 1852
Holmes, John McC. Am. clergyman and author.. 1834
Holmes, Marv Jane. American authoress
Holmes, Natlianiel, Dr. Eng. ejected noncon 1678
Holmes, Nathaniel. Am. jurist and author 1814
Holmes, Oliver W. Am. phys., poet and essayist. 1809 —
Holmes, Oliver W. Son o//!!)mr. Am. sol.andlaw 1841 ..
Holmes, Robert Divine and poet 1749 1805
Holmes, Simon H. Nova Sco. iour. and states'n.. 1843 —
Holmes, William H. Am. geologist and artist. . . . 1846 ...
Holroya. John B., Lord Sheffield. Eng. writer . . . 1741 1821
Hoist, Hans Peder. Danish poet 1811 —
Hoist, von, Hermann E, Russian-Ger. historian 1841 —
Holstenius or Holste, Lucas. German scholar. .. 1d96 1661
Holt, Francis Ludlow, Q. C. English law writer 1844
Holt, John. American journalist 1721 1784
Holt, John, Sir. Lord chief justice of England. .. 1642 1709
Holt, John S. Am. lawyer, soldier and author — 1826 1886
Holt, Joseph. American statesman 1807 ....
Holton, Luther H. Can. statesman and merchant 1817 18.sc
Holton, Samuel. Am. statesman and physician. . 1738 1816
Holty or Hoelty, Ludwig H. C. German poet 1748 1776
Holtzendorff, von, Franz. Germanjurist 1829 ....
Holtzmann, Heinrich Julius. Ger. theologian. . 1832 ....
Holnb. buiile. German traveler 184/ -.-
Holwell, JohnZephaniah. Governor of Bengal .. 1711 1798
Holyday, Barten, Rev. Enelish divine 1593 lt.61
Holyoake, George Jacob. English reformer 181/ .^.-
Holyoke, Edward. .\m. educator, clergyman. ... 1689 1/69
Holyoke, Edward A. Am. physician and writer.. 1728 1829
Holyoke, Samuel. American musical composer. . 17'''2 1820
Holywood, John. Mathem. in Univ. of Paris 1256
Holzer, John Evangelist. German fresco painter 1/09 1740
Homann, Joan B. Ger. geogr. and map engraver. 1663.' 172*
1748
HOMANS — HORSFORD
BOEN DIED
Homans, Charles Dudley. American physician.. lS-26 1SS6
Homans, John. Am. physician aud historian.. .. 1793 1868
Homberg, Wilhelm. lieV. chemist, physician — 111.53 1715
Home, Dauiel Dunglas. British spiritualist 1835 1886
Home, David. Scottish divine (iJamesI.
Home, Everard, Sir. Scottish surgeon 17.i6, 1&>2
Home, Henry, Lord Karnes. Scot.philos., jurist. 1096 1782
Heme or Hume, Johu. Scottish dramatist 1721? 1808
Homer. Epic poet of Greece fl. about louo? B. c.
Homer, Henrv, Kev. Eug. clas. scholar, editor... 1752 1791
Homer, Jonathan. Am. cl. and Biblical scholar.. 1859 1843
Homer, Wm. Briidlord. Am. Coug. clergymam... 1817 1841
Homer, Wiuslow. Am. artist 1836 ....
Homes, Henrv Augustus. Am. miss, and author 1812 1887
Homes, Marv'Sophie Shaw. M. May. Am. poetess 1830 —
Homes, William. Irish cl. and educator in Am. 1663 1746
Homilius, Godfrev A., of Dresden. Organ., comp. 171* 1785
Hommel, Charles Ferdinand, Civilian, of Leipsie 1722 1781
Homond, 1", Charles Francis. French instructor 1727 1794
Hompesch, de, Ferd. Last G. M. of K. of Malta 1744 1803
Hondekoeter, Giles, of Utrecht. L'dscape painter 1583 1626?
Hondekoeter, Gvsbrecht, .«o». Bird painter ... 1613 IboS
Hondekoeter, Melchior, soH. Painter 1(>36 1695
Hondius, or Hondt, -Abraham. Dutch painter — i6bS 1691
Hondius, Josse. Flemish engraver 1546 1611
Hone, George Paul. Lawyer and writer at Coburg 1662 1747
Hone, Nathaniel. Irish euam-el painter 1784
Hone, Philip. Am. merchant aud public officer.. 1781 18.51
Hone, William. English author 1779 1842
Honegger, Johann ,1. Ger. his. and writer on art.. 1825 ....
Honestls, de, Petrus. Piter namiani. Cardinal. 988? 1072
Honeywood, Saint John. .\ni. lawyer and poet... 1763 1798
Hono'-ius. Archbishop of Canterbury (627-.53) 653
Honorius, Flavis. Koman emperor of the West. . 3S4 423
Honoriusl. Pope (626-38) 638
Honorius II. Pope (1224-30.) Lambert 1230
Honorius III. Pope ( 1216-27.) Caicms SabelU 1227
Honorius IV. Pope (12.8:5-87.) James .■ialjelll 1287
Hontheim, de, John Nich., of Trdves. {Jiis.Trivcf) 1701 1790
Honthorst, Gerard. Dutlc Kutli. Dutch painter. 1592 1660
Honthorst, William, brother. Painter 1604 1683
Hood, -Vlex., Adm.. Lord Bridport, br. Vis. Hood 1814
Hood' Edwin Paxtou. Eng. preacher and author. 1820 1SS5
HoodI James Walker. American A.M. E. bishop.. 1831 ....
Hood George. American musical author 1815 1869
Hood, Robin. Outlaw Kichard. I. or Hen. III?
Hoo<i, Samuel, Sir. Vice Adm. Cousin of Vis.Hood 1814
Hood, Samuel. Viscount. Admiral 1724 1.S16
Hood, Samuel. Irish law. and author in America 1800 1875
Hood, Thomas. Eng. mathematician 11. 1690
Hood, Thomas. Eng. poet, wit and mis. writer... 1798 1845
Hooet or Hoofft, Pieter Cornelis. Dutch poet — 1.581 1647
Hooge, van, Peter. Dutch painter 1643? 1708
Hoogeveen, Henry. Dutch tihilologist 1712 1791
Hoogstraten, van, David. Dutch poet and critic 1658 1724
Hoogstraten, van, James. Inquis. Oppon't Luth lo27
Hoogstraten, van, Samuel. Painter 1627 1668
Hoogstraten, van Theodore, or Dirk. Pt'r of Ant 1596 1640
Hoogue, de, Romain. Dutch engraver, designer. 1638? 1725
Hoogvliet, Arnold. Dutch poet 1687 1763
Hook, James. English musical composer 1746 1.S27
Hook, James, Dr. son. Dean of Wore. Polem. writ. 1771 1828
Eook, James Clarke. English iiainter 1.S19 ....
Hook, Theodore Edward. English author 1788 1841
Hooke, Nathaniel, Euglish historian. . . ., 1690? 1763
Hooke, Robt., JI. D. English math ...1635 1702
Hooke, Robert. Eng. math aud inventor 1CS5 1703
Hooke, William. Eng. cl. and author in Am 1601 1678
Hooker, Charles. Am. phvsieiau and writer 1779 186S
Hooker, Charles E. Am. lawyer, public officer... 1825 ....
Hooker, Edward. American naval officer 1822 —
Hooker, Edward William. American clergyman. 1794 1875
Hooker, Herman. .\m. author and benefactor .. . 1804 1865
Hooker, Horace. American author 1798 1864
Hooker, Isabella Beecher. Am. philanthropist .. 1822 ....
Hooker, John. Euglish antiquary 1524 1601
Hooker, Joseph. American general 1814 1879
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Sir. English botanist.... 1817 ....
Hooker, Richard. English divine 1554 1600
Hooker, Samuel. Anierican clergvman 1632 1697
Hooker, Thomas, Rev. One of the found, of Conn 1586 1647
Hooker, William Jackson, Sir. English botanist. 1785 1865
Hooker , Worthington. Am. phys. aud author — 1.S06 1867
Hoole, Charles. Translator of Terence 1610 1666
Hoole, John. Eng. translator and dramatist 1727 1803
Hooper, Edward. Am. engraver and artist 1829 1870
Hooper, Edward J. Eng. agri., editor in Am 1803 —
Hooper, George. Bishop of Bath and Wells 1640 1727
Hooper, John. English reformer and martyr 1495 1,5.55
Hooper, John. English botanist in .\merica 1802 1869
Hooper, Johnson J. Am. law., auth.. public offi.. 1815 1.S63
Hooper, Lucv. American poetess. 1816 1841
Hooper, Lucv Hamilton. Am. poetess and jour. . 18S5
Hooper, Robert Lettice. American jurist 1739
Hooper, Samuel. Am. merchant and statesman.. 1808 1875
Hooper, William. Scottish clergj'man in Am... 1702 1767
Hooper, William. Signer of the Dec. of Independ. 1742 1790
Hooper, William H. Am. merchant, statesman.. 1813
Hoopes, Josiah. Am. botanist and journalist 1832 ....
BOKN DIED
Hoornbeck, John. Dutchwriter 1617 1666
Hoorne, van, Johu. Dutch anat. and physician. . 1621 1670
Hoost, van, Peter Cornelius. Dutch historian. .. 1581 1647
Hope, Frederick William, Rev. Eng. naturalist. . 1797? 1862
Hope, Henrv, Sir. K. C. B. Admiral 1787 1863
Hope, James. Scottish artist In America 1818
Hope, James Barron. Am. poet and journalist — 1827 1887
Hope, Johu, M. D. Eng. Naturalist 1726 1786
Hope, Matthew Boyd. Am. evangelist, educator. 1812 1.S59
Hope, Thomas, Sir." Scottish lawyer.. 1646
Hope, Thomas. English writer on art 1771? 1831
Hope, Thomas Charles. Scottish chemist 1766 1.S44
Hope-Scott, James. English politician 1812 1873
Hopital, de 1', Michael. Chancellor of France.. 1505 1573
Hopital, de r, William F. A. Fr. mathematician. 1661 1704
Hopkins, .\lbert. Am. astronomer aud educator. 1807 1872
Hopkins, Arthur F. American jurist 1796 1866
Hopkins, Casi.ar T. Am. journalist and organist. 1826
Hopkins, Charles. Eng. dra. poet. Trans, of Ovid 1664 1699
Hopkins, Charles J. Am. organist and author — 1836
Hopkins, Daniel. Am clergyman aud educator... 1734 1814
Hopkins, Edward. Eiig. states. Gov. of Conn. .. 1600 1657
Hopkins, Edward A. .imericaudiplomatist 1822
Hopkins, Erastus. .im. clergyman aud author... 1810 1872
Hopkins, Esek. First commodore of Am. navy.. . 1718 1802
Hopkins, Ezekiel. Bishop of Londonderry 1683 1690
Hopkins, Frederic Vincent. Am. phys., geologist 1839
Hopkins, John. English poet 1G75 1700
Hopkins, John Burroughs. Am. naval officer
Hopkins, John Henry. Ir. P. E. bp., artist in Am . . 1792 1868
Hopkins, Johu Henry. Am. clergyman aud auth. 1820
Hopkins, Johns. An'ierican philanthropist 1795 1873
Hopkins, Josiah. Am. clergymau aud autlior 17.S6 1,862
Hopkins, Lemuel. American physician and poet. 1750 1801
Hopkins, Loiiisa I'avson. American authoress... 1812 1862
Hopkins. Mark. Am. divine. Pres. Williams col.. 180i' 1S87
Hopkins, Jlo.ses Aaron. Am. evang., cou. general 1846 1886
Hopkins! Samuel. Fd. of Hopkinsian sc. of theol. 1721 1803
Hopkins, Samuel. Am. soldier and Congressman 17.50 1819
Hopkins, Samuel. .\m. clergyman and author... 1807 1887
Hopkins, Samuel Miles. Am. jurist and writer.. . 1772 1837
Hopkins, Samuel Miles. Am. Presbyterian cl. ... 1813
Hopkins, Stephen. Am. states. Sign, of Dec. Ind.. 1707 1785
Hopkins, Theodore Weld. Am. cl. and educator.. 1.S41
Hopkins, William. D.D. Euglish antiquary 1647 1700
Hopkins, William. Rev. English Arian writer. .. 1706 1786
Hopkins Wm. Fenn. American educator 1.''02 18.59
Hopkinson, Francis. Author, signer Dec. of Ind. 1737 1791
Hopkinson, Joseph, .voH 0/ F. Am. jurist and an.. 1770 1842
Hopkinson, Thos. Eng. law. and pub. officer in Am 1709 1751
Hopper, Isaac Tatem. Am. Quaker philanthropist 1771 1852
Hopper] Thomas. Architect 1775? 1856
Hoppin, Augustus. American artist 1828
Hoppin, James Mason. Am. edu., cl. and author 1820
Hoppin, Thomas I'rederick. Am. art. and sculpt. 1816
Hoppin Wm. Jones. Am. diplomatist aud writer 1813
Hoppner, Johu, R. A. Painter and writer 1759 1810
Hopson, Winthrop Hartly. Am. clergyman 1823
Hopton, Arthur. English mathematician 1589? 1614
Hopton, Susanna. Euglish religions writer 1627 1709
Hoquit Henry L. Irish humanitarian in Am 1816
Horace'rir QuintusHoratiusnaccus. Lat.poet.B.c.65 8
Horan Edward John. Canadian R.C. bishop. ... 1817 18io
HoranMarv Austin. Irish Sup. S. ofM. in Am...«1820 1874
Hoi-den, John. English Anglican bishop 1828 ....
Horman, William. Eng. divine and botanist 14i0? 15.»
Hormayr, von, Joseph. B. Tyrolesc hist., pat'ot. 1781 1848
Hormisdas. Pope (514-23) ■--.■■■■, •„„ 523
Horn Charles Edw. Eng. vocalist and composer l(/6 1848
Horn! Edward Traill. Am. cl. and liturgist 1850 ....
Horn Gustaf Count. Swedish general 1692 1657
Horn! PhilipM., Count. Dutch statesman lo22 1568
Horn, van de or van. Dutch pirate. ...... ^. IGSo 1683
Hornaday Wm.T. Am. naturalist, taxidermist. 18.54 —
■Hnrnblower Jo.seph C. Am. lawver, statesman. . 1777 1864
HorSblower Josiah. Eng. eng. and stats, in Am . 1729 1809
Hornblower, William Henry. Am. clergyman.... 1820 883
Home, Autoine. French missionai-y m s. Am. . . . 1608 1697
Home, Charles Edward. Eng. musical composer 1786 1849
Home George. Hnrnins. Dutch historian 1620 1670
Home, George. Bishop of Norwich. 1/30 1,M
Home, Richard Hengist. English author. 1803 1884
Horne Thomas H. English divine and author. . . 1/80 1862
Horneck, Anthony, Dr. English dmne. . -}f*\, }^
Hornemann, Frederick C. African traveler.. . 1772 n/i. 1800
Horner, Francis. British statesman 1778 1817
Horner Leonard. English geological writer,. 1,85? 1864
Horner Will E Am. phvsiciau aud anatomist... 1/90 1863
Home T ooke. See Tooke, John Horne
Horr Asa. American physician and scientist. ... 1817 .^■_.
Horrebow, Christian. Writer on Parallax .__. 1//6
Horrebow, Peter. Danish astronomer 16,9 1764
Horrocks or Horrox, Jeremiah Astronomer 1619? 1641
Horrv Elias. American benefactor 1,43 1834
Horry, Peter. American soldier .-nd author .... _^_ .._.
Horsey, Outerbridge. Am. lawyer and senp^or. . 1777 I8«
Horsfleid, Thomas. Am. naturalist and author.. 1^,3 1859
Horsfield Thos. W.,r.S.A Rev Eng. historian. 18S7
Horsford, Eben N. Am. chemist, educationist... ia»
HORS FORD — HOY T
11 id
BORN DIED
HorsfOTd, Mary L'Hommedieu G. Am. authoress lb24 1855
Horsley, Charles E. £Dg.,iuus.,audconip. iuAm 1821 1876
Horsley, Johu. English antiquary 1685 1732
Horsley, Samuel. Bishop of St. Asaph 1733 1S06
Horsmanden, Daniel. Eug. jurist iii America 1091 1778
Horstlus, Gregory. Physician 1578 163fi
Horstius, James. Ger. physician and botanist 1537 lUOO
Horte, Josiah. Archbishop of Tuam 1751
Hortense, Queen of Holland 1783 1837
Hortensius, Lambert. Dutch philol., poet., hist. 1501 1.575?
Hortenslus, Martin. Dutch astronomer ifiOo 1639
Hortensius, Quiutus. Rom.advo'teaudorat'r. B.C. 114 50
Hortigosa, Peter de. Span. R. C. bishop in Mcx. 1510 1626
Horton, Azariah Am. Presbyterian clergyman..- 1715 1777
Horton, George Firman. Auierican phys.'aud bot 1806 1886
Horton, Samuel Dana. American publicist 1814
Horton, Valentine Baxter. Manuf'r and stat«sm'n 1802 1SS8
Horvat, Stephen. Hungarian writer 17M 1S40
Horyath, Michael. Hungarian historian 1809 1878
Horwitz, Alex. E. Am. physician and inventor. . 1805 1871
Horwitz, Phineas Jonathan. Am. physician 1822
Hosack, David. Am. physician and "author 1709 1835
Hosford, Oramel. Am. cl. and educator 1820
Hoshea. Last king of Israel (e. c 730-721) a//. E. c. 721
Hosius, Stanislaus. Polish cardinal 1504 1579
Hosken, Robert. American engraver 1842 —
Hoskins, George Gilbert. Am. statesman 1324
Hoskins, JohuT English lawyer and poet 1.566 16.38
Hoskins, John. British portrait painter 1664
Hoskins, Nathan. Am. lawyer and author 1795 1869
Hosmer, George. American lawyer 1781 1861
Hosmer, George AV. Am. clergyman, educator... l.'iOl 1881
Hosmer, Harriet Goodhue. A^merican sculptor.. l.-^oO
Hosmer, James Kendall. Am. educator, author.. 1834
Hosmer, Jean. American actress — 1842 ....
Hosmer, Margaret. Am. educator and novelist.: 18:M
Hosmer, Stephen Titus. American jurist 1834 ....
Hosmer, Timothy. American surgeon 1710 1820
Hosmer, Titus. .American lawyer and statesman. 17:J6 1780
Hosmer, William H. C. .\m. lawyer and poet 1814 1877
Hospinian, Rodohih. Swiss Protestant divine... l.>47 1626
Hospitaller, Edouard. French electrician 1S52
Hossch, Sidrouius. Flemish Jesuit. Latin poet. lo96 1653
Hosset or Osset, Gillis. Dutch colonist in Am 1631
Host, Jens Kragh. Danish historian 1772 1844
Hoste, John 1'. French mathematician 1531
Hoste, Paul r. French mathematician 1652 1700
Hostlot, Louis. Am. R. C. clergjman in Rome. .. 1848 1834
Hostus, Matthew. German antiquary. . . '. . 1509 lo87
Hotchkiss, Benjamin B. Am. inventor manuf'r.. 1826 1835
Hotchklss, James Harvey. American clergyman. 1781 1851
Hotchkiss, Velona R. -\m.cl. and educator 1815 1882
Hotman, Francois. French lawyer 1524 1590
Hottinger, John Henrv. Swiss Prot, div.. orient. 1620 1667
Hottlnger, John James Son of J. H. Swiss hist. 1652 1735
Houard de la Mothe. Anthony. Legal antiquary. 1725 1803
Houbigant, Charles F. French theologian 16.'* 17.S3
Houbraken, -Arnold. Dutch Painter 1660 1719
Houbraken, Jacob, .son. Engraver 1698 1780
Honchard, John Nicholas. Fr. Rep. general 1740 1793
Houdan, du, Luc. French hydrographer 1814 1846
Houde, Frederick. Can. statesman and journalist 1847 •
Houdetot, de, Francois Lauriot. Fr. adventurer. 1617 1659
Houdin, P.obert. Fr. conjurer and writer 1805 1871
Houdon, Jean Antoine. French sculptor 1740 1828
Houel, Jules. French mathematician 1823 . .
Hough, Franklin Benjamin. Am. hist, writer. . . 1822 1885
Hough, George W. Am. astronomer and inventor 1836
Hough, Jacob B. Am. physician and chemist 18*29 ....
Hough, John. Pres. of Magdalen College 1651 1743
Hough, John S. .\m. physician and inventor 1845 ....
Houghton, Douglas. American naturalist 1809 1845
Houghton, Henry Clark. Am. phys. and educator l.Si7 ....
Houghton, Henry Oscar. Am. publisher 1823
Houghton, George F. Am. jurist and editor 1820 1870
Houghton, George W. Am. author and editor 1850
Houghton, Major. African explorer 1760'' art. 1793
Houghton, Richard Mon. M.. Lord. Eng. author.. 18M 1885
Houghton, Sherman O. Am. law. and Congressman 1828
Houlieres, Antoinette du Ligier. French poetess 1634? 1694
Hottllier, James. HiUcriu:!. Fr. medical HTiter 1562
House, James .\liord. American inventor 1833 ....
House, Roval Earl, -\merican inventor 1814 ..-..
Houseman, Cornelius. Flemish painter 1643 1727
Houseman, James. English painter 1656 1696
Houssaye, Arsene. French author 1815
Houston, David Crawford. Am. sol. and engin... 1835
Houston, George Smith. Am. law. and statesm.. 1811 1879
Houston, John. Am. la^vyer and statesman 1744 1796
Houston, Sam. Pres. of Texas and Am. general.. 17ns 1863
Houston, William. Eng. physician and botanist. 1699? 17.33
Houston, Wm. Churchill. .4Lm. law. and statesm. 1740 1788
Houtman, Cornells. Dutch statesm. and nav 1.54S? 1602?
Hoveden, de. Roger. English historian 11.1170 1200
Hovenden, Thoma.s. Irish artist in .\merica 1840
Hovey, Alvah. .\m. clergyman and educator 1820
Hovey, Alvin Peterson. Am. sol. and statesman. 1821
Hovey, Charles E^Iward. Am. edn. and soldier... 1827
Hovey, Charles Mason. Am. hortic. and author. . 1810 1887
BORN DIED
How, Samuel Blanchard. Clergyman and author 1790 1868
How, William. English physician and botanist.. 101") 1656
Howard, Benjamin. Am. soldier and statesman. *1760 1814
Howard, Benjamin Chew. Am. sol. and statesm 1791 1882
Howard, Blanche Willis. Am. auth.. ed. in Ger. 1847
Howard, Bronson. Am. journalist and dramatist 1842
Howard, Catherine. Queen of Henrv VIII 1520? 1542
Howard, Charles. Lord H. of Efhugham. admiral.. 1536 1624
Howard, Charles, Earle of Carlisle. Diplomatist 1C29 1686
Howard, Edward. Sir. Lord Hfgh Admiral 1.513
Howard, Edward. Lieut. R. X. Xaval novelist 1841
Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex 1594 1632
Howard, Francis. Eng. governor in America 1630 1694
Howard, George Edmund. Eng. w'r. and dram 'st 172.5? 17S6
Howard, Geo. W. F., Earl of Carlisle. Eng. states. 1802 1864
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrev. English poet... . 1516 1517
Howard, Henry. Earl Northampton. Schol., w'r. 1.539? 1614
Howard, Henry, R. A. British painter 1769 1847
Howard, Henry. Irish physician in Canada 1S15
Howard, Jacob M. Am. lawyer and statesman. .. 1805 1871
Howard, John. English philanthropist 1726 1790
Howard, John Eager. Am. Rev. sol. and states... 1752 1S27
Howard, John George. Eng. architect in Canada 1803
Howard, John Purple. American philanthropist 1814 1885
Howard, Luke. English meteorologist 1771? 1864
Howard, Oliver Otis. American general 1S30 .. .
Howard, Philip, Earl of Arundel 1557 1595
Howard, Philip Thomas. Cardinal 1694
Howard, Robert. Sir. English historian 1626 1698
Howard, Samuel. English musical composer 1783
Howard, Simeon. Am. clergyman and educator. 1733 18M •
Howard, Thomas, fourth duke of Norfolk 1.572
Howard, Thos, Earl of Suney. Nav'l andmil.com 3473 1-554
Howard, Thos.. Earl of Arundel and Surrey 1592 1646
Howard, Volney E. Am. .lawyer and statesman.. 1805
Howard, William A. Am. j*venue marine officer 1807 1871
Howard, Willian A. Am.lawycr and statesman.. IS.'M 1880
Howard, Wm. W. Eng. cl. and educator in Am. 1817 1871
Howarth, Ellen Clementine. American poetess. 1S27
Howe, Charles. English religious writer 1661 1745
Howe, Edgar Watson. Am. author and journalist 1854
Howe, Elias. Am. inventor of the sew. machine. 1819 1867
Howe, Fisher. Am author and philanthropist... 1798 1871
Howe, George A.. Viscount. Eng. soldier in Am. 1724 1758
Howe, Henry. American- historian 1816
Howe, Henry Clarion. Am. mining engineer. ... 1848
Howe, John. Eng. cl.. chap, to Oliver Cromwell. 1630 1705
Howe, John. Nova Scotian statesman, journalist 1813
Howe, John Badlan. Am. author and statesman. 1813 188*2
Howe, John Ireland. Am. phys. and inventor. . . 1793 1876
Howe, Joseph. Gov. N.S. Journalist and states. 1804 1873
Howe, Julia R. It. educator and author in Am.-. 1844 1886
Howe, Julia Ward. Am. poetess and reformer 1819
Howe, Mark A. De W. Am. P. E. bishop, author. . 1809
Howe, Maud. American authoress 1855
Howe, Nathaniel. Am. clergyman and author. . . 1764 1837
Howe, Richard, Earl. British admiral 17i5 1799
Howe, Samuel Gridiey. .American philanthropist 1801 1876
Howe, Timothy Otis. Am. jurist and statesman. . 1816 1883
Howe, Williani, Viscount. Eng. general in Am. .. 1729 1814
Howe, William. Nova Scotian statesman 1786 1843
Howe, Wm. Bell White. Am. P. E. bishop 18-23 ....
Howell, Arthur. Am. Quaker preacher 1748 1816
Howell, George Rogers. American historian 1833
Howell, James. British author 1595? 1666
HoweU, James R. Am. editor and statesman 1816 1880
HoweU, Jeremiah Brown. Am. lawyer and Sen.. 1772 1822
HoweU, John Adams. Am. naval officer and inv.. 1840
Howell, John Cumming. Am. naval officer 1819
Howell, Richard. Am. soldier and statesman 1753 1802
Howell, Rotjert Bovte C. Am. cl. and author 1801 1868
Howell, William. Dr. Eng. historical writer 1630? 1683
Howells, David. Am. educator and statesman... 1747 1826
Howells, William. Rev., of Long Acre Chapel 1778 1832
Howells, William Dean. American author 1837
Howitt, Marv, born Botham. Eng. authoress 1798 1888
Howitt, William. English author 1795 1879
Howlan, Geoi-ge Wm. Irish statesman in Canada 1835
Howland, Alfred Cornelius. American artist 1838
Howland, Benjamin. American statesman 1756 1821
Howland, George. Am. educator and author 1824
Howland, John. Am. historian and educator 1757 18.54
Howland, Robert S. American P. E. clergyman.. 1820 1887
Howland, William P., Sir. Am. statesman in Can 1811 ....
Howley, Richard. Am. lawver and statesman... 1740 1790
Howley, William. Archbp. of Canterb'y (1828-48) 1765 1848
Hows, John A. American artist and journalist. . 1831 1874
Hows, John William S. Eng. educ. and journalist 1797 1871
Howson, John Saul. English clergyman 1816 1885
Hoxie, Joseph. American statesman 1795 1870
Hoxle, Viunie Ream. American sculptor 1846 ....
Hoyle, Edmund. English writer on games 1672 1769
Hoyne, Thomas. Am. lawver and statesman 1817 1883
Hoyt, Albert H. Am. lawyer and editor 1K6
Hoyt, Benjamin Thomas. American educator. . . . 1820 1867
Hoyt, Elizabeth O. Am. edticator and poetess ... 1.S34
Hoyt, Epaphras. Am. historian and soldier 1765 1850
Hoyt, Francis S. Am. educator and author 1822
Hoyt, Henry M. Am. lawyer and statesman 1830
1750
H 0 Y T — H U N T
BORN DIED
Hoyt, John WesTev. Am. educator and statesman 1831 |
Hoyt, Joseph Gibson. Am. educator and author, is^j 1862
Hoyt, Ralpu. Am. 1". E. clergymau and poet 1806 1878
Hozier, d', Peter. Historian and genealogist loVi 1660
Hrotsvitha. Ger. nun and Latin poetess fl. lOth c.
Huarte, John. Spanish writer 1530? 1600?
Huayiia, Capac. Peruvian Inca 1523
Huayna, Huascar. Peruvian Inca 1490 loSi
Hubald St. Amand, of. Poet and musical writer 840 930
Hubard, Winiam. Am. P. E. clergyman 1740 1.S02
Hubhard, Bela. Am. P. E. clergymau 17S9 1812
Hubbard, Bela. American geologist and author. 1^14 ...
Hubbard, David. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1806 ....
Hubbard, Gurdon S. Am. trader and pioneer — 1802 1886
Hubbard, HenrT. .\m. lawyer aud statesman 1784 1857
Hubbard, John." Am. educator and author 1759 1810
Hubbard, John. Am. physician and statesman. . 1794 1869
Hubbard, Jonathan Hatch, .\merican jurist 17158 1849
Hubbard, Joseph Stilhnan. Am. astron., author. 1823 1863
Hubbard, Lucius Frederick. Am. soL and states. 1836
Hubbard, Oliver Pavson. Am. ed. and scientist... 1809
Hubbard, Richard Dudley. Am. law. and states. 1818 1884
Hubbard, Richard William. American artist 1810 —
Hubbard, SamucL American jurist 1785 1847
Hubbard, Samuel Dicl;inson. Am. manut., states. 1/99 18oa
Hubbard Thomas. Am. phvs. aud statesman 1776 1838
Hubbard, Thomas Hill. Am. lawyer and states. . 1780 1857
Hubbard, William. Am. clergyman and historian 1621 1704
Hubbell, Jay Abel. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1829
Hubbell, Martha Stone. American authoress 1814 1856
Hubbell! William. Am. pioneer and soldier 1750 18.35
Huber Francois. Swiss naturalist 1750 1831
Huberl Johann Nepomuk. German theologian.. . 1830 1879
Huber' Johanu Rodolphe. Swiss painter 1608 1748
Huber John. Genevesepainter and profile cutter 1722 1790
Huber' John James. Swiss anatomist and bot — 1707 1778
Huber' Marv. S wiss philosophical writer 1694 17.59
Huber, Michael. French writer and translator... 1727 1804
Huberi Peter. Swiss naturalist 1777 1840
Huber, Theresa. German novelist 1764 1829
Huber, U hie. Dutch ,«nran( 1636 1694
Hubert, Mathieu. French preacher 1640 1717
Hubley,Adam. Am. statesman and soldier 1740 1798
Hubner, John Andrew. Prus. Moravian bishop . 1737 1809
Hiibner, von, Joseph Alex.. Baron. Austrian dip. 1811 —
Hubner, Karl W. Ger. painter of .i7'-"rf pictures. 1814 1879
Hubner,' Rudolf Julius Benno. Ger. painter — 1806 1882
Hue Evariste Regis, .^bbe. Fr. miss, to China — 1813 1860
Huciitenburg, van, Johu. Dutch battle painter 1646 1733
Hudde, .\ndreas. Dutch pioneer 160O 1663
Hudde Johu. Dutch statesman, mathematician 1633 1704
Huddlestone, Robert. Scottish antiquary 1776 1826
Hudson, Charles. Am. Universal cl. aud states. . 1795 1881
Hudson,' Erasmus Darwin. Am. phvs, inventor. 1805 1880
Hudson, Erasmus Darwin. .\m. phvs., author... 1843 1887
Hudson, Frederick. Am. journalist 1819 187a
Hudson, Henry. Eng. navigator and explorer 1611
Hudson Henrv N. Am. essavist; Shak. scholar.. 1814 1886
Hudson Jeffrey. Dwarf at the court of Charles I n/(. 1082
Hudson, John, "D.D. of St. Mary Hall. Clas. ed.... 1662 1719
Hudson, Thomas. Eng. portrait painter 1701 1779
Hudson, William. English botanist 1730 1793
Hudson William Levcrreth. .\ni. naval officer.. 1794 1862
Huebsch, Adolph. Hungarian rabbi 1830 1884
Huebscbmann, Fran. Ger. phys., states., in Am. 1817 1880
Hueffel Christian G. Ger. Moravian bp., scien't 1762 1842
Huerta', de la, Vicente Garcia. Sp.poet and critic 1730 1787
Huet De Navarre. French governor iu Cayenne. 1611 1658
Huet! Pierre Daniel. Bp.of Avranches. Fr. scholar 1630 1721
Fufeland, Christoph. Wilhelm. Ger. physician. 1762 1836
Hug John Leonard. Ger. Bib. schol. and writer. 1765 1846
Hugel, von, Karl Alex. Anselra. Ger. trav., nat. 1796 1.S70
Huger, Alfred. American statesman 1788 1872
Huger Benjamin. Am. statesman and soldiar... 1746 1779
Hugeri Daniel. French Refugee 16.51 1711
Huger Daniel. American statesman 1741 1799
Huger, Daniel Elliot. Am. jurist and statesman. 1779 18.:)4
Huger, Francis Kintoch. Am. soldier and slates'n 1773 18.5o
Huger', Isaac. Am. Revolutionary general 1742 1797
Huger, Thomas Bee. American naval officer 1820 1862
Huggins, William. English astronomer 1824 —
Hugh the Great. Dukeof France 956
Hugh Capet. King of France (987-96),sono/i)reced. 939? 996
Hugh de Cluni. Abbot of Cluni 1024 1109
Hugh de Flavigny. Abbot 1065art. lllo
Hugh de Fleury. Chronicler uiw!
Hugh de St. Cher. Cardinal. Bib. commentator 1263
Hughde St. Vicior. Divine 1098 1141?
Hughes, Aaron K. American naval officer 1822 ....
Hushes, Christopher. American diplomatist — 1786 1M9
Hughes, Francis Wade. Am. lawyer and states'n. 1817 1885
Hughes, George W .\m. engineer and soldier. .. 1806 1870
Hughes, Hugh Price, Rev. Eng. M. E. minister. . 1847 ._..
Hughes, Jabez. Eu.g. scholar and classical trans 1685 1731
Hughesi James L. Canadian educator and author 1.S16 ._.
Hughes, Johu. English poet and essayist 1677 1720
Hughes, John. D.D. American R. C. prelate 1797 1864
Hughes, Robert Ball. American sculptor 1806 1868
Hughes, Robert Wm. American jurist and editor 1821
BORK DIED
Hughes, Thomas. English author 1823
Hugo, Gustav Wilhelm. German jurist 1764 1844
Hugo, Herman. Jesuit. Latin poet 1588 1629
Hugo, Victor M., Vicomte. Fr. poet, romance w'r 1802 1885
Hugtenburgh, van, John. Dutch painter 1646 1733
Huguet-Latour, Louis A. Canadian naturalist.. 18."0
Huhne, Beruhard. German navigator 1547 1611
Huidekoper, Frederic. Am. educator, author ... 1817 —
Huidekoper, Harm Jan. Ger. ed., philan. in Am. 1776 18.54
HuitzUihuitl. Name of two Aztec kings 1414
Huldric. John James. Swiss divine.. -683 1731
Hulett, Alta M. .American female lawyer 1864 1877
Hulin nr Hullin, Pierre A., Comte. Fr. general.. 1758 1841
Hull, Amos Girard. Am. statesman and author. . 1815 —
Hull, Asburv. American statesman 1797 186&
Hull, Edward. Eng. dir. of geol. survey of Irel'd. 1829 . . .
Hull, Henry. American physician..* 1798 1881
Hull, Hope" American M. E. clergymau 1763 1818
Hull, Isaac. American commodore 1"^ 1843
Hull, John. Eng. goldsmith public officer in Am. 1624 1683
Hull, Joseph Bartine. American naval officer — 1802 1890
Hull, Thomas. Eng. dramatic writer aud actor.. 1728 1808
Hull William. American Revolutionary officer. . 1753 1825
Hull! William H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1820 1877
HuUah, John Pvke. Eng". musical composer 1813 1884
Hulse Johu, Rev. Founder of Hulsean Prize 1800
Hulse, John B. A., Rev. Founder of Hulsean Lect 1777
Hulsemann, John. Lutheran theol. at Leipsic... 1602 1661
Hulsius, Authonv. Theol. at Leyden 1615 16S5
Hulsius, Henrv. ' Theol. at Donishurg 1624 1723
Hulst, Peter van der. Dutch painter 1652 1708
Humayun. Mogul Em. Emperor of Hindostan 1508 15-56
Humbert, Cardinal. Theologian 1063?
Humbert, Joseph Amable. Fr. Rev. general 1755 1823
Humbert 1 1/'. f'»i(ir,(n). King of Italy... 1844 .
Humboldt, von, Friednch H. A. .Baron. Ger.natl.69 1859
Humboldt, von, Karl W.. Baron. Ger. philol — 1767 1885
Hume David. Scottish historian and philos. . . . 1711 1776
Hume! Joseph. English politician 1777 1855
Hume Patrick, Sir. Scottish com. on Milton H. 169o
Humfrey, John. English colonist iu America — 1600 1661
Hummel, Johann N.~ Ger. pianist, composer 1778 1837
Humming-Blrd. American Indian chief 1742 1827
Humphrey, Elizabeth R. American artist 1850 .. .
Humphrey, Heman, D.D. Am. divine, writer 1779 1861
Humphrey, Herman L. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1830 —
Humphrey, James. American editor 1747 1810
Humphrey, Lawrence. Dr. Eng. divine, biograp. 1527? 1690
Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson. Am. soldier 1810 188.S
Humphreys, Charles. American statesman 1712 1786
Humphreys, Clement. American diplomatist. .. 1777 1803
Humphreys, David. Am. soldier aud poet 1752 1818
Humphreys, Edward Rupert. English educator. 1820
Humphreys, Hector. Am. P. E. clergyman, edu. . 1797 1857
Humphreys, James. English lawyer .. .. .^^^ 1830
Humphreys, Joshua. Am. naval constructor — 1(51 183S
Humphreys, Milton Wylie. Am. educator, editor l.«44 ....
Humphreys, Samuel. Am. naval contractor 1778 1846
Humphreys, Thomas B. Eug. statesman in Can. 1840 ....
Humphries, Johu. English musical composer 1730
Humphry, Ozias. R. A. Minatnre painter 1743 1810
Humpton, Richard. English soldier in America 1733 1804
Hun Edward Reynolds. Am. physician and auth 1842 1880
Hunauld, Franci's Joseph. Anat and physician.. 1701 1742
Hunnerlc, King of the Vandals in Africa (477-84) — 484
Hunneus George. Chilian educ't. and statesman 1831
Hungerford, John Pratt. Am. sol. aud statesman 1760 1833
Hungerford, William. Am.lawver andstatesm'n 1786 18(3
Hunniades, John Corviuus. Hungarian general 1400? 1456
Hunnis, William. English poetical writer fl (i. Eliz.
Hunnius Giles. Lutheran w'r. against Calvinists ]5oO 1603
Hunt Benjamin Faneuil. Am. I'r. and statesman 1792 1857
Hunt' Charles Sedgwick. Am. nav. offi. and journ. 1812 1876
Hunt' Edward Bisswell. Am. sol. and engineer. . 1822 1863
Hunt, Ezra Mnndv. Am. phvs., edu. and author 1830 ....
Hunt Freeman. American editor and author — 1804 1858
Hunt! Harriot Kezia. Am. phys. and lecturer. ... 1.805 187a
Hunt, Henrv Jackson. Am. soldier aud author. . . . 1819 .^^
Hunt, Isaac". West Indian lawyer aud author. ... l/ol 1809
Hunt! James Henrv Leigh. Eng. poet and essayist 1/84 18o9
Hunt, Jedediah. American author.. .....■■.■ 1815 ....
Hunt Jeremiah. D.D. Eng. dissenting divine.. .. 16(8 1744
Hunt, John Weslev. American physician 18o4
Hunt, Randall. American eminent lawyer ..^ ...
Hunt, Richard Morris. American architect 1828 .. _
Hunt, Robert. English scientist ........ 180( 1887
Hunt, Robert Wolston. American metallurgist. . 1838 ^
Hunt Samuel. Am. Congreg. cl. and author^ .1810 18(o
Hunt, Theodore Whitefleld. Am. edu. and author. 1844 .
Hunt, Thomas. Hebrew professor at Oxford 1696 1./4
Hunt, Thomas. Am. physician and educator 1808 1867
Hunt, Thomas Poage. Am. cl. and lecturer ... 1794 18/6
Hunt, Thomas Sterry. Am. chemist and geologist 1^ .^^
Hunt, Timothy Atwater. Am. naval officer 18ffi 1884
Hunt, Ward. American jurist ^ 1810 1886
Hunt. Washington. Am. lawyer and statesman.. . 1811 1867
Hunt! William. American surgeon 1^ . ■■■
Hunt, William Henry. Eng. p'r in water colors. . 1790 1864
Hunt William Henrv. Am jurist and bec.of navy 1824 1884
HUNT— ILLESCAS
1761
EOKN DIED
Tlunt, William Holman. Euglish painter 1827
Hunt, William llorris Americau painter 1S24 1879
Hunter, Andrew. Am. clergyman and educator. . 1752 1823
Hunter, Anne Home, Mrs, Euglish poetess 1741 1S21
Hunter, Charles. American naval officer 1813 187.?
Hunter, Christopher. Eug. phys. and antiquary. 1675 1757
Hunter, Henry. Scot, preacher, biographer ...". . 1711 l.su2
Hunter, Humphrey. Kev. Americau patriot 1755 1827
Hunter, Johu. Scotch anatomist and surgeon... 1728 1794
Hunter, John. Scottish admiral 1738 1821
Hunter, John. Scottish classic 1747 1837
Hunter, John. American senator lS(iO
Hunter, John Dunn. American adventurer 1798 1827
Hunter, John H. Irish edu. and author in Canada 18.39
Hunter, Johu Ward. Americau Congressman. . . . 1807 ....
Hunter, Joseph. Eug. clergyman and author. .. . 1783 1861
Hunter, Lewis B. .\mericau naval surgeon 1804 1887
Hunter, Martin. Sir. Eng. soldier in America... 1757 1846
Hunter, Morton Craig. Am. soldier, statesman. .. 1825
Hunter, Peter. English soldier in Canada 1746 1805
Hunter, Robert. West Ind. sold., gov. in Am 1734
Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro. Am.states'n. 1809 1887
Hunter, William. Scotch anatomist, physician. . 1718 1783
Hunter, William. Scottish surgeon, orientalist 1815
Hunter, William. Am, lawyer, statesman, orator 1774 1849
Hunter, William. Am. lawyer aud diplomatist. . 1805 1886
Hunter, William Wilson. Sir. Brit, statistician.. 1840
Huntingdon, Henry of. Euglish historian afl. 1154
Huntingdon, Selina.Ct. Pat. of Eng. Calvin. Meth 1707 1791
Huntingford, George I. Bishop of Hereford 1748 1832
Huntington, Andrew. American lawyer 1745 1824
Huntington, Benjamin. American jurist 1736 1800
Huntington, Collis Potter. Am. railroad builder 1821
Huntington, Daniel. Am. Cong., cl., educator... 1788 1858
Huntington, Daniel, .imerioan painter 1816
Huntington, Ebenezer. Am. soldier, statesman. 17.54 1834
Huntington, Elisha. Am. physician, statesman.. 1796 18G5
Huntington, Elisha Mills. American jurist 1806 1862
Huntington, Frederick Dan. Am. P. E. bishop. .. 1819
Huntington, Jabez. Am. soldier, statesman 1719 1786
Huntington, Jabez W. Am. jurist, statesman 1788 1847
Huntington, Jedediah. Am. sol., public officer.. 1743 1818
Huntington, Jedediah Vincent. Am.edu., author 1815 1862
Huntington, Joseph. ,\ni. clergyman aud author 17:>5 1794
Huntington, Joshua. American cl. and educator 1786 1819
Huntington, Lucius S. Can. lawyer, statesman.. 1827 1886
Huntington, Robt. Bishop of Raphoe. 1636 1701
Huntington, Samuel. Signer of Decl. 6f Ind 1732 1796
Huntington, Samuel. Am, jurist and statesman 1765 1817
Huntington, Susan Jtansficld. .\m. authoress. . . 1791 1823
Huntington, Wm. Henry. Am. philau. in Paris. . 1820 1885
Huntington, William Reed. .\m. cl. and author. 1838
Huntley, Ellas Dewitt. Am. cl. and educator. . . . 1840
Hunton, Eppa. American soldier and statesman 1823
Hunton, Logan. Am. lawyer and statesman 1806 1880
Huntsman, Benj. Sheflield inventor of cast steel 1704 1776
Hunyadi, Jinos. Hungarian general 1400? 1456
Huon de Penanster, Chas. H. Fr. hot. and auth 1727 1771
Hupn, John Cox. American phys. and author 1819 ...
Buppazoli, Francesco. Ital. trav. and centena'n. 1587 1702
Hurd, Frank Hunt. Am. lawyer, statesman 1841
Hurd, John Codman. American author 1816 ....
Hurd, Nathaniel. American engraver 1730 1777
Hurd, Richard. Bishop of Worcester, author 1720 1808
Hurdis, Jamfi8,D. D. English poet 1763 1801
Hure, Charles. French Jausenist 1639 1717
Hurlbut, Stephen A. Am. soldier and statesman. 1815 1882
fiurlbut, Wm. Henrv. Am. U. cl. and journalist. 1827 ...
Hurtado de Mendoza, Andres. Viceroy of Peru. 1500 1561
Hurtado de Mendoza, Garcia Spanish marquis.. 1531 1610
Husbands, Herman. Am. Quaker, statesman 1795
Huske, Ellis. Am. journalist and statesman 1700 1755
Huske, John. Americau statesman 1721 1773
Husklsson, William. Eug. statesm'n aud financr 1770 1880
Huss, John. Bohemian religious reformer 1373 1415
Huss, Maguus. Swedish naturalist and author.. 1752 1799
Hussein or Housseln Pasha. Last Dey of Algiers 1773? 1838
Hussey, Curtis Grubb. American manufacturer. 1802
Hussey, Giles. Euglish painter 1710 1788
Hussey, Richard, Sir. British admiral 1776 1842
Husson, Aristides. French sculptor 1803? 1864
Husson, Francois. French architect and writer.. 1828 .. .
Husted, James Wm. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1833
Hutcheson, Francis. Irish metaiihysician 1694 1747
Hutchlns, Thomas. Am. geog. geul., and author. 17.30 1789
Hutchinson, Aaron. Am. clergyman and author. 1722 1800
Hutchinson, Abby. American contralto 1829 ....
Hutchinson, Anne. Am. religious enthusiast 1590? 1643
Htitchinson, Edward. Eug. soldier in American.. 1613 1675
Hutchinson, James. Americau phvs. and chem. 17.52 1793
Hntchinson, John. English philosopher 1674 1737
Hutchinson, John. American singer 1821 ....
Hntchinson, John Hely. Ir. lawyer and states.,, 1715 1794
Hutchinson, John Hely, Earl Donoughmore, gen. 17.57 1832
Hutchinson, John Russell. .\m. cl. and edu 1807 1878
Hutchinson, Joseph Chrisman. Am. phvs., auth. 1822 1887
Hutchinson, Lucy, Lady. English authoress 1620 lfi.59
Hutchinson, Thomas. Gov. of province of Mass. . 1711 1780
Hutson, Richard. Am. jurist and statesman 1747 1793
BORN DIED
Hutten, von, Philip. German adventurer 1646
Hutten, vou, Ulrich. Ger. poet aud theologian,. 1488 1525
Hutter, Edwin W. Am. Luth. cl., aud journalist. 1813 1873
Hutter, Elias. German Polyglottist 1553 n/(. 1602
Hutter, Leouard, brother. Prot. controversialist 1563 1616
Hutton, Abraham B. American educator 1798 1870
Hutten, Charles. English mathematician 1737 1823
Hutton, James. Scottish geologist 172B 1797
Hutton, Lawrence. American journalist 1843
Hutton, Mathew. Bishop of Bangor 1758
Hutton, Matthew. Archbishop of York 1529 1606
Hutton, Wm. Eng. topographical historian 1723 1815
Huxham, John, M.D. Eng. medical writer, 1694 1768
Huxley, Thomas H. English naturalist 1825 .
Huygens or Huyghens, Christian. Dutch phil... 1629 1695
Huyghens, Constantine. Dutch stats, lat. poet... 1596 1687
Huyghens, Gomarus. Dutch theologian 1631 1702
Huysum, van, Jacob. Dutch painter I68O 1740
Huysum, van, John. Dutch paint, of flowers, etc 1682 1749
Huysum, van, Justus. The Old. Dutch painter. 1659 1716
Huysum, van, Justus. The Younq. Dutch paint.. 1684 1706
Hyaelnthe. PCre. See Lotson. Charles.
Hyatt, .Vlpheus. American naturalist 1838
Hyatt, John Wesley. American inventor 1837
Hyde, Abran. Americau clergyman and educator 1768 1833
Hyde, Edward. 1st Earl Clarendon, L'd Chanc... 1608 1674
Hyde, Edward. American governor 1650 1712
Hyde, Edward Wyllys. Am. scientist and edn. ,,. 1843
Hyde, Frederick. Am. phys., educator, author., , 1809
Hyde, Henry, 2nd E'l of Clarendon. L'd Lt. of Ir. 1638 1709
Hyde, James Kevins. Am. surgeon and educator 1840 .. .
Hyde, John William, Baron. French politician. 1776 1857
Hyde, Lavius. Am. clergyman and author 1789 1865
Hyde, Lawreuce.K. G., first Karl of Rochester 1711
Hyde, Nancy Maria. Am, artist and educator 1792 1816
Hyde, Nicholas, Sir. Lord chief justice 1.572? 1631
Hyde, Thomas. Eng. divine and orientalist 1636 1703
Hyde, William DeW. Am. Con. cl. and educator, 1858
Hyder All. Sultan of Mysore 1728 1782
Hyer, George. Am. journalist and statesman 1819 1872
Hyginus. Bishop of Rome (138-42) 142
Hyginus, Caius Julius. Roman writer fl. (i. Augustus.
Hyndford, John C, third Earl of. Scot, diplom, 1701 1767
Hyneman, Leon. Am. author and editor 1805 1879
Hypatla, of Alexandria. Math., Neoplatonist ... 370? 415
Hyperides, Athenian orator b. c. 896? 322
Hyperius, Gerard Andrew, of Ypres. Theolog... 1611 1664
Hyrcanus I., John. H. Priest, Prince of the Jews . .B. c. 106
Hyrcanus II. H. Priest and King of the Jews.. 110? 30 B. c.
Hyrtl, Johann. Austrian anatomist 1811
Hywell ap Morgan Mawr. Prince of Glamorgan 983 1013
Hywell ap Owain Gwynedd. Pr. N. Wales. Poet 1171
I
Ibanez, Adolfo. Chilian statesm. and diplomatist 1829
Ibarra, de, Francisco. Spanish explorer 1572
Ibarra, Joachim. Spanish printer 1726 1785
Ibarra, Jose. Mexican artist 1688 1756
Ibercourt, de', Henrv Louis. Fr. sol. and explorer 1771 1818
Iberville, d', P. le M.S. Can. officer. Foun. of La. 1661 1706
IbnKhaldun, <" Khaldoun. Arabian historian. 1332 1406
Ibn Roshd. See .Weeroes,
Ibn Sina. See Avicenna.
Ibn Zohr. See Avenzoar.
Ibrahim Bey. Mameluke chief 1736 1817
Ibsen, Henrik. Norwegian poet and dramatist,, , 1828
Ibycus. Greek lyric poet fl. b. c. 540
Icart, Pierre Nicolas. French colonist 1594 1633
Icazbalceta, Joaquim Garcia. Mexican author. . 1825
Iddeslelgh, Stafford Hen. N., Earl of. Eng. states 1818 1887
Iddlngs, Joseph Paxton. Americau scientist 1857
Ide, George B. American clerygmau aud author. 1804 1872
Ideler, Christian Ludwig. Prussian astronomer, 1766 1846
letersdorf, von, Kalasten G. Ger. monk, author 1669
letzeler, Christopher. Swiss architect and math 1734 1791
Iff, van, Simon. Dutch phys., botanist, explorer, 1605 1651
Imand, August Wilhelm. German dramatist 1759 1814
Iglesias, Angel. Mexican physician 1829 1870
Iglesias, Jose* Maria. Mexican statesman 1823
Iglesias, Miguel. Peruvian soldier and statesman 1822 ,,,.
Ignaclo, Jose de J. M. Ger. Jesuit and hierologist 1721 1780
Ignarra, Nicholas. Italian antiquary 1728 1808
Ignatieft, Nicolai P. Ru. diplomatist and soldier 1832
Ignatius, Saint. Thenphorns. Bishop of .\ntioch 107!
Ignatius, Saint. Patriarch of Constantinople 798 878
Ignatius Loyola. See Loyola 1491 1556
Igne-Chivre, r,BartheIemy. Jes. in S.Am., author 1677 1746
Igolino, Giusei>pe. Italian scientist 1769 1833
Iguain, Jose Felix. Peruvian soldier, statesman 1800 1851
Ihering, van, Mauritius. Dutch navigator, writer 1580 1635
Ihmoff, John (or James) Wm. Ger. genealogist.., 1651 1728
Ihre, Johu, Swedish scholar and antiquary, , ,.., 1707 1780
Hdefonse, Saint, Bishop of Toledo 607 669
Hes, Malvern Wells. Am. metallurgist, author.. 1852
Ilive, Jacob. Eng. printer and writer 1710 1763
niatopa or Ilia Tupac. Peruvian statesman 1542
niescas, Gonsalvo. Spanish historian 1580
ILLIERS— ISOAFvT
1752
BOEN DIED
lUlers, Henry Loris. Fr. soldier and author 17|0 17^4
lUigen, Aiidre, French pirate . ., ^ - . . _ ^-^ J^^ j;.^^
iShln! John r'>^:^^<^^^^^^;^l^^'-:::: ^ Im
JS^cSuV ?^! A^^l^'- S^'^^Jif i^^ soldier. InOS 1550
iSl^etYnski," Alexander con. '^ns /enern^ . b3 .
SS^i'^-'^'e.^r^-I^n^Jf^n^x^afr^n : 5.3 1651
iSlav Gilbert American soldier and author.. 1,M ^.
S^lll iSiJuBi^tir «^anap;.et:::: | |
S^lriall; Joseph K Genoese CardmaL ...... Ib51 1-37
?Stmi"FLt^."^tS^n j^kuit and^Viter ,719
iScSfald 1= izaheth, born Simpson. Eng. nov... -53 1821
sS-iS^;^:;j^ncSi?sr ^^i^is^h.oeaiis.:: g |
iSdart Jos. Rivera. Argentine journalist 1810 IWo
iSefde Castro. Queen of PorUiga . ^^,^ ■■■■ ^^J
Infante Hermenegildo. llissionaiy iriar t-ni ^^di
iSfiSte' Josi^ Aliaucl. Chilian statesman. l.Vs 1>>«
iSgans.'jolm James. Am. lawyer and statesman IWo ^^^
?S?nm William. Am. physician and educator.. l-b9 Ihoi
iSIt Simuenv. Am. iLyer and statesman. - ^^
lS|l^:^ar^^^§s^^4 :■:■ ^«^« -
i"& -T-J- Ti.^..,ili..trl spvprin. I
An^^.
inSprsoii' Charles Jared. Am. pol. ..-
iSllrloll Charles Robert. Am, statesman. .... IWl
iSIIrlol Colin Mocrac. American statesman... 819 1839
tSlersoU Edward. American author. . .^,. ._^. ■■• 1|17 .-•■
iSllrioll Ernest. Am. naturalist and author. ... lbo2 ...^
iSllrloU, Jared. Am. stamp-agent and writer... 1722 1,81
"'^"i'iSre?,hR^ed'-1nVfawy\:?a^nd"^^^ IT^S^ ^
?SI«so 'RaU^Uaa--S. Am-, la/yer and states.. 17| 1872
iSfprloll Rot ert Green. Am. lawyer, agnostic. . 183.^ ■„.„
mlham. Charles Cromwell. Irish artist in Am. . -97 863
Tnlham Samuel. American jurist. J'Js i»»i-
siifei:^s^^!^^si'^^r5^injui^or 0 I
iSllehyCement Mansfield. English cntic . . 823 18..,
ingieuy,^^'^ T»ioh V E bishop in America. . . 1-.34 l»ib
iSIm' Da? d!"sJo" cl'^an'd aiuho'^r in America.. . 1825 1877
iSllil'lIenWDavid. Scot, tourist and wrier.. . . 1,9d 1|o
iSllis James, Sir. Scottish oliicer and poet .__. 15|0
iSllllJames: Am. lawyer and clergyman 17-7 1820
iSSlls John.D.D. Scottish divme...^; l'"* -»??
iSl 1; John.' P. E. bishop in Nova Scotia -^^^ 8»0
Tnllis JohnA. American jurist... ■•■•••■ iSif |S;q
iSlll.JohSEardleyWilmot.Sir. Eng. maj. gen. ISU 1SG2
iSllis Marv. Am. heroine in Kentucky. -, 1729 l»io
Slalbert, Jean Antoine. Frei'ch e'^^'P'O'^:, •- ■ ' ill? ■■■
Sman, George. Am. soldier arid hist, writer.... 1844 ....
iSStS George. French artist in America 8o4
Inman Henrv. American painter... ,.^ _^ i»"i ''"
iSsIS John. Am. journalist and writer 1806 1850
InSan John O'Brien. .\m. 3C»r<; artist 1828 ^^^
TSman William. American naval officer. l-J' i|'*
iSnes Cosmo Scottish antiquary historian.^^. 1-98 lb-4
Mill', George M Eng. P. E. cl and sold, m Can. ,s.6 ^^.
Innes, Harry. American jun't-. ,„«., 1744
Innes Thomas. Scottish historian., ^ !«;- i'«
Inness, George. Am. land.scape paintei i--^ —
Innocent I. 0? Albano. Pope (402-1-).. .^ mon' ii«
iSSoclStlV FO^K. (124;«4). SlnJrioJdode' Ficschl 204
mmmmi
BOKN DIED
innocent X. Pope (1641-55). John Baptist Panfils . liTi 1655
illbnip, -"J,""^ ___,^ T..!,^ Cr^o.iUh pccleslastlC. . 16dG 1-oU
interian de Ayala, John. Spanish ecclesiastic. I60O 1,.
iSveges" Au?i?stine. Sicilian h,. and antiquary. 1595 16
J"_ Aj 'm,.:..i..oi^,.ori<.ru>l.- Architect 1-98 i^
419?
fl. WOO*
MS? B.'.
lSwo°od",' Charles Frederick. Architect i«J 1840
Tnwood Henry W. Architect 1^91^ imo
iSwoSd! wn Urn. Architect and surveyor . . 177^1? 184.
lolo Gotch. Welsh Barb with Owen clendower
iphlcrates. Athenian general.. .-^^■
iraim, Augustin Simon. French writer
Iredell, James. American jurist... ... ■
*' - "• - . Am. lawver and statesman 1^88
Dean of VVestmiuster I'b-i
English writer....... ■■■_
Am. lawver and statesman. ...... 1827
Irish R. C. bishop and Col. in Am. 1838
Am author and merch. 1»17
' ^ 1824
1719
1750
1"
I'r.'J
ISIXS
Iredell, James.
Ireland, John.
Ireland, John.
Ireland, John.
Ireland, John.
gffl:Josi^il-°AmrV^?siaanandedu....im
Ireland Samuel. Eng. writer and publisher l-oO?
Ireland! Samuel William Henry. iNovelist 1,-/,
irenseus, St. Greek bishop of Lyoi
Irene Empress of Constantinople — _
i«?oA, Henry. Son-in-l'w of O, Cromwell. Kng gen 1610 I60I
iriarte, Iguacio. Spanish painter IWO I6«a
TTlarte de, Juan. Spanish scholar. ■ li»2
irilrtede Thomas. .Vfj./-.u. ojjvan. Span poet 1,50
Sigoyen.de, Bernardo. Argen. lawyer and states. 1W3 ^
l^f»"J'."'j- '..,._„.■« T„.,.i S. Am. diplomatist.. . l»i) 1S5S
180(1
18a')
130? aoi"
752? 803
1651
1685
1771
1791
1888
glloS: ^Vmo;o^s.'chiliau-;taie^.mV author 1819
irmingeV, Ca.1 LudwigC. Danish admiral 1802
Trnerius or Warnerius. Italian jurist;... .^^ "/'
ii l^iy:- iSS^^iS'S^^^f^etS^i^^"^"":^ I
\VAl\ wllli^S: iSrT^?^^Si:i;drnanufacturer 1805
Trvlne Andrew. Revolutionary army oftieer
Irvine', Christopher. American pioneer
Irvine, '"■■"''"'■ '^"'
Irvine,
Irvine ,
Trvinp' Wiiiiam. American pioneer. . _
ir^SI: E. eneLr. Am.mer. Bro Wash. Irving. . . l,-o
IrviSI Edward. Scottish preacher 1-92
Trvlnl Henrv English actor .... i~5
ir^SI; Jacob >Einilhis. Am. sol.andstates.inCan 1-9^
Trvlnl John Beaufain. Am. genre artist. 1825
Irving John Treat. Am. lawyer and author 1,8 18M
Irving John Treat. Am. lawyer and author 1812 l»oS
Trvlnl Marv Katie. English adventuress . ...^. 16 8 1,-1
irvmg, -■» > ,-,„,., 4„„- s.^ot. sol. and statesm. 1,14 i,!»
1862
1842
186»
1789
1786
isw
1829
1804
1820
1868
1834
1866
1877
1829
TrvinI Peter. Am. journalist and author.. ..^_^
Ir^SI' P erre Monroe. Am. lawyer and author
irvini; Roland Duer. American geologist.
IrviSI Theodore. Am. P. E. cl., educ.,
Trvlnl Washington. American author
Irving, William , brother \\ ritcr. . .... - .^
irvins. Writer on Eastern su l.jccts
■ American soldier and statesman
American naval officer
author..
1771
1803
1847
1809
1783
1766
1748
1750
1832
irwin, . ^
Irwin, Jared
irwin, J°};",,^-;,'!;'="^,t^ nh'v"sifl.;^~;nd educator. 1825
gliS' Matthew Irish sJlVn^philan in Am . . . 1740
irwiS; Nathaniel. Am. Presbyterian clergyman. ,06
Irwin Thomas. American jurist. .... -■■■ i-'-i
irwin, iiioma, ^^^ educator and statesman. .._1827
1828
18S8
1876
i88»
18S»
1821
1817
1818
1800
1812
1870
1886
irwin, William. Am. educator anu >,.....^.^ ■ ^^^^- ^.^^ ^^
tIIIc'I ^Fnu^r^ofof the"Easia057:59) Comti.n^ .■:, 1061
fllacli Frnpeior of the East (1186^1204) -1 ?'-"<■'«« "'^ }|5|
tIIIcs isamull Mver. Dutch Rabbi orator in Am 1804 18,8
iiaacSpn.HenryJngl|h-cli™n^gi.t^.^^^^.. |l 1|54
Ts3.b6ll3- Sp. -
JIlSlllt^bi^n^r^^K-ifeofEdw.n
1290 1358
1804 1886
isaheueoiriuii^c. .J"."- r-o- J, ^ painter.. 1804 18»
isahey , Eugene Louis ^"""^j^jV,^"^ pinter. . . . 1767 1855
Isahey,Jean Baptiste. ir. mimaiuic i. ^ ^,,^ ^^ ^^
Isseus. Athenian orator
IsaiaU. Hebrew prophet
fl. 700 710 B.C.
French lawyer 1792
thor 1,49
1857
1800
1224
1728 1782
ftorian.... 1753 1811
il^^?^h.^;^^Cf^an<^tatesman;;;;^ 177. _1842
ismaif: Pasbn . E^-Khedive of J^yp^
Isnard, Maxim
Isoart, Louis.
French colonist..
French political orator
Burgundian Jesuit missionary.
570?
370?
1703
1530
1830
1751
1599
450?
1781
1565
1830
1640
I S 0 C R A T E S — J A M E S
1753
BOKN DIED
Isocrates. Athenian orator ». c. 436 33S
Israels, Joset. Dutch painter lS2-t
Issertieux, Dundouue G. Y. C'omted'. Fr. sold'r 1G53 1719
Isthuanfi, Nicolas. Hungarian phys. and author 1742 1806
Isturiz, de, Francisco Xavier. Span, statesman. 1790 1S71
Itaberahy, Joaquin Jose R. T. Braz. statesman. I81.12 l»73
Itamaraca, Antonio P. M. M. Braz. statesman. Ih02 lt>6S
Itaparlca, de, Manoel S. R. Braz. poet and nov. 1704 1770
Itard, Jean E. M. G. French surgeon 177.5 1S38
Itauma, Candido B. M.. Viscount of. Braz. phys. 1S12 1872
Ittenhach, Franz. German uainter 1S13 1(>79
Ittigius, Thomas. Lutheran theol. and scholar. . 16i:i 1710
Iturhide, de, Augustin. Emperor of Mexico I7.s;j 1W4
Iturri, Francisco Javier. S. Am. Jesuit miss 1738 1800
Iturrlaga, de, Manuel M. Mex. Jesuit and edu.. 1728 IWO
Iturrlhalzaga, de, Antonio. Spanish navigator.. 16.76 1728
Iturrigaraj^, de, Jose. Spanish viceroy of Mexico 1760 181.5
Ivan, III, Vasjlievitch. Czar of Russia 14:58 1505
Ivan IV, Vasilievitch. The Ttrribk. Czarof Russia 1.52<J 1584
Ivan ni, or V. (1CS2-89) Alexiovitch tiM) lli%
Ivan, IV or VI. (1740-41). Of Brunswick, Bevern. 1740 1764
Ivanof, Feodor Feodorovitch. Kus. dramatist... 1777 1816
Iverson, Alfred. Am. lawyer and statesman 1798 1873
Ives, Charles Linnreus. Am. phys. and educator. 1831 ....
Ives, Eli. Am. phrs., educator and botanist 1779 ISfil
Ives, Ivo 01- Yves. St. Bp. of Chartres (1093-1115). 10:>5 1115
Ives, John. English antiquary 1751 1776
Ives, Levi. Am! physician and' journalist 1750 1826
Ives, Levi Silliman.' Am. cl., edu. and author 1797 1867
Ives, Thomas Poynton. American naval officer.. . 18.S4 1865
Iveteaux, de, Nicholas Vauqueliu. S. Fr. poet... 1559 1649
Ivlson, Henry. Scottish publisher in America 1808 1SS4
Ivory, James. Scottish mathematician 1765 1812
Iwert, Sebald. Dutch explorer and navigator 1.558 1603
Ixtlilcuechahua. Toltec king 731 825
Ixtlilxochitl I. Texcocan king 1419
IxtlUxocWtl II. Texcocan king 1500 1550
Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de .\lva. Mex. historian 1.570 1649
Izaacke. Richard. Historian of Exeter 1624 1700
Izard, George American soldier and governor.. 1777 1828
Izard, James F. American soldier 1811 1836
Izard, Ralph. American naval officer
Izard, Ralph, .\mericaristatesmiin 1712 1804
Izeohuatl or Izlocatl. Emperor of .Mexico 1436
Iziocatlll. (1433-45.) Founder of Mex. empire 1445
J
Jaaphar-ebn-Tophail. Arabian philosopher
•lablonowsky, von, Jos. Alex. Pol. prince, schol.
JaWonsky, Charles Gust. Prussian entomologist
Jablonsky, Daniel Ernest. Ger. Protest, divine. .
Jablonsky, John Theodore. Prussian scholar. . . .
Jablonsky, Paul E. Prus. theo. and Egvptologist
Jacaia-ben- Josepb . Portuguese rabbi
.Jacetius, Francis de Cataueis. Ital. Plat, philos
Jaeker, Edward. German erudite and R.C. miss.
Jackson, Abner. Am. clergyman and educator. .
Jackson, Andrew. Seventh President of the U. S.
Jackson, Arthur. English commentator
Jackson, Charles. American jurist and author..
Jackson, Charles Davis. Am. cl. and educator.. .
Jackson, Charles Loring. Am. chem. and edu
Jackson, Claiborne Fox. Am. sol. and statesm'n
Jackson, Cyril, D.D. Eminent English divine
Jackson, David. Am. phys. and Congressman...
Jackson, Edward Payson.' Turkish author in Am.
Jackson, Francis. American reformer
Jackson, George. Eng. statesman in Canada
Jackson, Hauiiah. American Quaker preacher. . .
Jackson, Ileury. Eng. educator and diplomatist
Jackson, Henry. American Baptist clergyman..
Jackson, Henry R. Am. lawyer and diplomatist.
Jackson, Howell Edmunds. ' American jurist
Jackson, Isaac W. Am. edu. and horticulturist. .
Jackson, James. Eng. soldier and stats, in Am. .
Jackson, James. American jurist and soldier. . . .
Jackson, James C. Am. author and journalist. . .
Jackson, James S. American soldier and lawver
Jackson, Jonathan. Am. statesman and author. .
Jackson, John. Rev. English chronologist
Jackson, John, R.,\. English portrait painter...
Jackson, John Davis. American phvsician
Jackson, John George. Am. jurist and surveyor.
Jackson, John King. Am. lawver and soldier
Jackson, Joseph. English letter-founder
Jackson, Joseph Cook. Am. lawyer and soldier. .
Jackson, Mercj- B. Am. physician and author
Jackson, Mortimer M. Am. jurist, diplomatist. .
Jackson, PatricbT. .\ra. merchant, manufact
Jackson, Rachel. Wife of Pres. Andrew Jackson.
..'ickson, Richard H. Irish soldier in America ..
Jackson, Robert M. D. English writer on fevers
Jackson, Robert M. S. .\m. physician, scientist.
Jackson, Samuel. Am. physician, educator ... .
Jackson, Sheldon. Am. Pfesb. miss, and editor..
Jackson, Thos. Dean or Peterborough
Jackson, Thomas J. Confederate general
1711
17.56
li-JiO
1654
1693
1466
18.30
1811
1767
1593
1775
1811
1847
1807
1746
1747
1840
17.S9
1809
1748
1778
1798
182Q
1832
1805
1757
1819
1811
1823
1743
1686
177S
18.^
1774
1.828
1733
1K35
1.802
1814
17.S0
1767
1830
1751
1815
17S7
18.'M
1579
1824
1188
1777
17.S7
1741
1731
17.57
1539
1522
1887
1874
1845
1666
1855
1871
1862
1819
1801
is«i
1885
1792
1840
1863
1877
1806
1S87
is62
1810
1763
1831
1875
1825
1866
1792
1877
1847
1S28
1827
18B5
1872
i«46
1863
BOBS DIED
Jackson, William. English musical composer... 17S0 1803
Jackson, William. .-Im. D. R. clergyman 17S2 181S
Jackson, William. Am. Quaker preacher 1746 1834
Jackson, William. Greek prof., bishop of Oxford 1750 1815
Jackson, William. Eng. sold., statesman in Am.. 17.59 1828
Jackson, ^^"iIliam. American statesman 1783 1855
Jackson, William L. Am. lawvjr and soldier 1825
Jackson, William W. West Indian P. E. bishop. 1810
Jacob. Patriarch i836 1689 B.C.
Jacob, Of Edessa. Fdr. of Jacobite Churches 578
Jacob, of Xisibis —.350 or 338
Jacob, Edwin. Eng. clergyman, edu. in Canada. 1794 1868
Jacob, Giles. Eng. law writer and biographer... 1686 1744
Jacob, Henry. Independent, divine 1561 1626
Jacob, Henry, son. Philologist and orientalist... '607? 1652
Jacob, John. Inventor and printer in Persia fl. 1650?
Jacob, John. Commander of the Scinde Horse... 1813 1858
Jacob, Louis L. Fr. naval officer, signal inv 1768 1854
Jacob, Richard Taylor. Am. soldier, statesman. 1825
Jacohseus, Oliger. Danish phvs. and Latin poet 16.50 1701
Jacobazzl, Dominic. Cardinal 1443 1527
■Jacob!, Abraham. American physician, author. . 1830 . ..
Jacobi, Charles G.J. German mathematician... 1801 1851
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich. Ger. metaphvsician 1743 1819
Jaeobl, Johann Georg. Bnithtr of F. H. Ger. poet 1740 1814
Jacobi, Mary Putnam. Eng. phys. and author 1842
Jacobi, Maximilian. German physician 1775 18.58
Jacobi, von, Moritz Hermann. Ger. physicist 1801 1875
Jacobs, Christian F. W. Ger. philol.. ta"le writer. 1764 1S47
Jacobs, Ferris American lawyer and soldier 1S;36 1881
Jacobs, Freidrich. German author 1764 1847
Jacobs, George. West Indian rabbi in America.. 18S4
Jacobs, Henry Eyster. Am.cL.edu. and author. 1844
Jacobs, John Adamson. Am. educator and sol 18.39
Jacobs, Jurien. Swiss painter 1610 1664
Jacobs, Lucas. Lncni- van Leydcn. Dutch painter 1494 1533
Jacobs, Melancthon. D. D. Luth. cl.. prof., auth. 1S06? 1871
Jacobs, Michael. Am. clergyman and author ISOS 1871
Jacobs, Michael William. American lawyer 1850
Jacobs, Orange. American jurist 1829
Jacobs, Sarah Sprague. .American authoress 1813
Jacobsen, Simon. Dutch mariner and colonist. . 16-24 1679
Jacobson, Christian. Dutch explorer and author l.5'2S 1596
Jacobson, Johu Charles G. Prus. technologist... 1726 1789
Jacobson, John C. Danish Moravian bp., edu 1795 1870
Jacobus, Melancthon Williams. Am. cl. and edu 1816 1876
Jacoby, Johann. German publicist 1805 1877
Jacoby, Ludwig Sigismund. Ger. cl. and editor. 1813 1874
Jacomb, Thomas. Ejected Noncomform. divine. 1622 1687
Jacome, Diego. Portuguese Jesuit missionary 1565
Jacopone da Todi. Italian poet. (Spii/. fn;i(;cl<-s) riOe
Jacotot, Jean Joseph. French educationist 1770 1840
Jacquand, Claudius. French painter 1S05 1.S78
Jacquard, Joseph Marie. French inventor 1752 18.34
Jacquelot, Isaac. French Protestant theologian. 1647 1708
Jacquemart, -\lbert. French author 1808 1875
Jacquemart, Jules. French artist 1837 I,SSO
Jacquemont, Victor. French naturalist ISOl 1832
Jacques, D.H. Am. physician and author 1825 1.S77
Jacques, Frire. Batdot. French lithotomist 16-51 1720
Jacquet, Jules. French engraver 1841
Jacquet, Louis. French essayist 1732 1793
Jacquier, Francis. Jesuit. Editor of Newton... 1711 1788
Jacquin, von, Nicolas Joseph. Austrian botanist 1727 1817 *
Jadelot, Nicholas. French medical writer 1736 1793
Jaeger, John Wolfgang. Ger. Lutheran divine. . . 1647 1720
Jaell, -Alfred. German pianist and composer 1832 1882
Jaenbert. Archbishoy. of Canterbury (766-90) 790
Jaflirey, George. American jurist..." 1682" 1749
Jaggar, Thomas A. .American P. E. bishop ls;i9
Jago. Richard. English poet 1715 1781
Jahn, Friedrich. German patriot 1778 1852
Jahn, Johann. Ger. orientalist and theologian.. 1750 1816
Jahn, Otto. German philologist 1813 1869
Jahr, Georges Henri G. Ger.-Fr. homeo. phys... 1801 1875
Jaillot, Hubert Alexis. French geographer 1640? 1712
Jalllot, ne Renou. John Baptist Michael 1710? 1780
Jakob, von, Ludwig Heinrich. Ger. author 1759 1827
Jalabert, Charles Francois. French painte 1819
Jamblichus. Svrian Neoplatonic philosopher fl.325?
James, St. TheEMer. Apostle 44?
James, St. The Les.i. Apostle 62?
James I King of Aragon. TheConquerer 1206 1276
JamesII. King of Aragon. The Just 1261 1327
James I King of Scotland. Assassinated 1394? 1437
JamesII Kingof Scodand 14.30 1460
James III King of Scotland 1452 14SS
James IV. Kingof Scotland. Fell at Flodden .. 1472 1515
James V. Kine of Scotland. Father of Mary 1512 1542
James I. Kingof Ji^ngland. VI of Scotland 1566 1625
JamesII Kingof England. VII of Scotland. ... 1633 1701
James, Benjamin. \m. lawyer and senator 1768 1.S25
James, Charles Tillinghast. "Am. Sen. and manu.. 1804 1862
James, Edmund Janes. .Ani.polit econ., author 1855 ....
James, Edwin. .\m. hot., geol. and physician — 1797 1861
James, George Payne Rainsford. Eng.n'^velist.. 1801 1860
James, Henry. Eng. engineer and inventor l.'flS 1877
James, Henry. American theologian 1811 1882
James, Henry. Son 0/ preceding. Am. novelist.. . 1843
1754
JAMES — JEN KS
BORN DIED
James, Henry, Sir. Eng. engineer and inventor 1S08 1S77
James, Henry, Sir, Q. C, M. P. Eng. politician.. . 1S28
James, Henry Ammon. American lawyer Ih54 ....
James, John Angell. En^. dissenting divine 1785 1859
James, John Tliomas. Bishop of Calcutta 1786 1829
James, Joseph Francis. Am. scientist and edu... 1857 .. .
James, Maria. Welsh poet in America 1793 1868
James, Richard. Scholar, antiquary and divine.. 1592 ItiiJS
James, iiobert. Eng. phys., in. of James' powder 1703 1776
James, Thomas. English navigator and author.. 1590 ....
James, Thomas. English eiergvman in America. 1592 1678
James, Thomas, D.D. Collector of MSS 1571 1629
James, Thomas, D.D. Master of Rugby 1804
James, Thomas, Rev. Antiq. and miscel. writer 1863
James, Thomas Chalkley. Am. phys. and writer. 1766 1835
James, Thomas Ij. .im. P. M. Gen., ed. and banker 1831
James, Thomas P. Am. bot., scientist and author 1803 1882
James, William. English naval historian 1827
James, William. English railway projector 1770 1837
James, William. Am. scientist and educator 1842 —
James Francis Edward Stuart. Son of James II.. 1688 1765
James de Vitry. Cardinal 1214
James de Voragine. Archbishop of Genoa 1230? 1298
Jameson, .\nna, born Murphy. Irish authoress. . 1797 1860
Jameson, Charles Davis. Am. sol. and statesm. . 1827 1862
Jameson, David. Am. soldier and statesman 1752 1839
Jameson, John. Am. soldier and public oiRcer. . 1752-1839
Jameson, John Alex. Am. jurist and journalist.. 1824 ....
Jameson, Patrick Henry. Am. phys. and writer. 1824 ....
Jameson, Robert. Scottish naturalist 1774 1854
Jameson, William. Am. naval officer 1791 1873
Jamesone, George. Scottish portrait painter 1586 1644
Jamet, I'eter Charles. French writer 1701 1770?
Jami'"' Djami. Persian poet 1414 1492
Jamieson, John., D. D. Scot, theol. and philol. . . 17-59 1838
Jamyn, Amadis. French poet 1530? 1585?
Janauschek, Fannv. liohemian tragic actress... 1829 ....
Jane I. gueenof Naples (i:-143-82) 1327 1382
Jane II. Queen of Naples. (1414-35) 1370 1435
Jane d'Alhret. Queen of Navarre 1528 1572
Janes, Edmund Storer. .A.m. M. E. bishop 1807 1876
Janes, Edward Hoii.ghton. Am. physician 1820
Janes, Edwiu L. Am. cl. and author 1807 1875
Janet, Paul. French author 1823
Janeway, Edward G. Am. physician, educator. 1841
Janeway, Jacob J. Am. clergyman and author.. 1774 18.58
Janeway, James. English ejected Nonconf 16.36 1674
Janioon, Francis M. Fr. polit. w'r in Holland... 1674? 1730
Janin, Jules Celestin. French physicist 1818 1886
Janin, Jules Gabriel. French dramatic critic . . 1804 1874
Janney, Samuel M. .\m. Quaker preacher, auth. 1801 1880
Janney, Thomas. English Quaker in .America. . . 1634 1696
Jannsens, Francis. Dutch R. C. bishop in Am. .. 1847 ....
Janozki, John Daniel Andrew. Polish writer 1720 1786
Jans, .'Vnneke. Dutch woman in New Amsterdam 1600 1663
Jansen "ijansenlus, Cornelius. Dutch theol... 1585 1638
Jansen, Olaus. Danish naturalist 1714 1778
Jansenlus, Cornelius. Hishop of Ghent 1.510 1576
Jansenius, Cornelius. Author of Jansenism 1.585 16.38
Jansenlus, James, of Louvain. Commentator... 1.547 1625
Janson, Kristopher. Norwegian cl. and author.. 1841 ....
Janson, NicoLas. B'r. printer. Inv. Roman type 1481?
Janssen, John. Prussian R. C. l^ishop in Am.... 1835 ....
"Janssens, -Abraham. Flemish historical painter. 1.575 1632
Janssens or Johnson, Cornelius. Portrait painter 1590 1665
Janssens, Victor Ilouorius. Dutch his. painter. . 1664 1739
Januarlus, Saint. Patron saint of Naples 272 305
Janvier, Aristide. Fr. watchmaker, inventor — 1751 18:56
Janvier, Levi. Am. missionary and translator... 1S16 1864
Japix, Gysbert. Frisian poet 1603 1666
Jaquez, Christoval. Portuguese explore^ 1555
Jarauta, Cenoblo. Spanish insurgent in Mexico 1848
Jarava, Manuel. Chilian missionary and hist .. 1621 1673
Jaray, Luis deC. Sp. soldier, gov. of Paraguay 16-10
Jarchi, Solomon B. I. Rabbi and commentator. . 1104 1180
Jardine, George. Scottish professor of logic 1743 1827
Jardine, Robert. Am. missionary and writer . .. 1840 .. .
Jardins, des, Charles Franfois. Fr. naval officer 1729 1791
Jardins, des, Marie Catherine H. Fr. authoress. IVIO 16,83
Jardyn, du, Karel, or Charles. Dutch painter... 1640 1678
Jarnac, de, Gaston L. Fr. soldier and educator. 17.58 1818
Jarnagin, Spencer. .\m. lawyer and statesman. . 1793 1851
Jarnowick, Giovanni Marie. Palermitau violinist 1745 1804
jarque, Franfisco. S. Am. missionary and edu. . 1636 1691
Jariatt, Derereux. .\m. clergyman arid author.. 17:33 1801
Jarrie, de, Louis Etiene Chev. West Ind. Rev... 1757 1791
Jarrige, Peter. French Jesuit 1605 1660
Jarry, du, Lawrence JuUard. Fr. poet and divine 16.58 1730
Jarry, Nicholas. French calligraphist 1620?
Jars, Gabriel. French metallurgist 17S2 1769
Jarves, James Jackson. .American art critic 1818 1.SS8
Jarvis, Abraham. American P. E. bishop 17:19 1813
Jarvis, Charles. Am. physician and statesman. . 1748 1807
Jarvis, Edward. Am. physician and statistician. 1.803 1884
Jarvis, John. Irish painter on glass ., 1749 1.804
Jarvis, John Wesley. Eng. artist in America 1780 1840
Jarvis, Russell. Am. lawyer and journalist 1791 1853
Jarvis, Samuel Farmar. Am. divine and author 1786 1851
Jarvis, Thomas Jordan. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1836
BORN DIED
Jarvis, William. Am. navigator and diplomatist 1770 18.59
Jasmin, Jacques. Fr. Proveuval poet 1798 1864
Jason. Tyrant of Pherte B.C. 370
Jasper, William. Srrgtaut Jasper. Brave Am. sold 1750 1779
Jastrow, Marcus Mordecai. Polish-Am. rabbi 1829
Jaubert, Edward E. Fr. Jesuit and historian 1629 1698
Jaubert, Pierre -Ami?dee E. P. French orientalist 1779 1847
jaucourt, de, Louis, Chevalier. Fr. philosopher. 1704 1779
jault, Augustus F. Fr. med. writer and trans. -- - 1700 1757
jaureguy y Aguilar. Spanish poet and painter.. 1566 1650
jaureybo I. Carabbiau Cacique 1614
jauriguly, Aguilar D. S. Am. Jesuit, historian.. 1705 1758
Jay, Anthony. French publicist 1770 1854
jay, le, Guy Michael. French orientalist 1,588 1074
jay, James, Sir. -American writer 1732 1815
jay, John. First chief justice of rnited States... 1745 1S29
jay, John. Son of William. Am. diplomatist 1817
jay, John Clarkson. Am. phys. and conchologist 1808
jay, Peter Augustus. Am. lawyer and statesman 1776 1843
jay, William, Rev. English dissenting divine 1769 1853
jay, William. Am. jurist and philanthropist 1789 1858
jayadeva. Hindoo poet fl I2th c.
jayne, David, American phys. and druggist 1799 1866
Jayne, Horace. American scientist and author... 1859 ....
jazlkofF, Nicholas. Russian poet 1805? 1847
jeacocke, Caleb. English writer and orator 1786?
jeaiireson, John Cordy. English author 1831
jeanes, Henry. Rev. linglish divine 1611 1662
Jean, Jacques See Rovsseau 1712 1788
jean, Paul. See Richter.
Jeanne d' Albret or Joan. Queen of Navarre 1528 1572
Jeanne d' Arc. See Joan of -Arc.
Jeannin, Peter. French statesman 1540 1622
Jeanron, Philippe -Augustue. French painter.... 1709 1877
Jeaurat, Edmo Sebastian. Fr. mathematician.... 1724 1803
Jebb, John. Eng. divine and physician 1736 1786
Jebb, John. Bishop of Limerick 1775 1833
Jebb, Joshua. Sir. K.C.B. Gen. Sur.-Gen. of Pris. 1793? 1863
Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. Brit, class, scholar.. 1841
Jebb, Samuel, M. D. English classical writer 1772
Jeffers, William N. -Am. naval officer and author 1824 1883
Jefferson, Joseph. English actor in America 1774 1S»2
Jefferson, Joseph. American actor 1804 1842
Jefferson, Joseph. American actor 1829 ....
Jefferson, Martha Wayles. Wife of Pres. JeiTerson 1748 1782
Jefferson, Thomas. Auth. Dec. Ind., 3d pres. U. S. 1743 826
Jeffrey, Francis. Scottish lawyer, critic, essayist 1773 1850
Jeffery, John. Archdeacon of "Norwich. Divine. 1647 1720
Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner Griffith. -Am. author 1828 ...
Jeffreys, George, Lord. Infamous Eng. judge 1640 1689
Jeffreys, George. English poet 1678 1755
Jeffries, Benjamin Joy. Am, phys. and optician.. 1833
Jeffries, John. -Am. physician and aeronaut. 1745 1819
Jebanghlr. Mogul emperor of India (1605-27) 1627
Jehoanaz, son of Jehu, King of Israel —B.C. 840
Jehoabaz, son of Josiah.kihg of Judah —aft. B.C. 610
Jeboiacliin, Jeconiah, or Coniah — o/^ 599 e.g.
Jelioiakim. KingofJudah 599 B.C.
Jehoram or Joram, son of Ahab, k.of Israel — B.C. 8,S4
Jeboram or Joram. KingofJudah —B.C. 8851
Jehosbaphat. Kins of Jndah — S89?b.c.
Jehu. King of Israel —B.C. 856
Jejeebhoy, Jamsetjee.Sir. Benefactor of Bombay 1783 1859
Jekyll, Joseph, Sir. Lawyer and statesman 1664 1738
Jell, Richard William. Eng. author and teacher. 1798 1871
Jellachich, Joseph. Com .-in-chief of the Croats. 1801 1859
Jemlson, Robert. -American legislator 1802 1871
Jenckes, Joseph. English inventor in -America.. 1602 1683
Jenckes, Joseph. English manufacturer in .Am.. 1632 1716
Jenckes, Joseph. -Am. land surveyor, statesman 1656 1740
Jenckes, Thomas -Allen. .Am. lawver, statesman. 1818 1875
JenghisKhan. See Genghis Khan.
Jenifer, Daniel. -American statesman 1723 1790
Jenifer, Daniel. Am statesman and diplomatist 1791 18.55
Jenischlus, PauL Dutch writer 15.58 1647
Jenkin, Ilenrv C. F. Eng. engineer and elect 183:5 1885
Jenkln, Robert. Nonjuror 1656 1727
Jenkins, -Albert G. Am. soldier, agriculturist — 1830 1864
Jenkins, .Anna -Almy. Am. Quaker preach., phil.. 1790 1849
Jenkins, Charles Jones. American jurist 1805 1883
Jenkins, David. Famous Eng. judge, royalist.- 1586 1667
Jenkins, Edward. Hindu author, states'n in Can 1838 —
Jenkins, Henry. English Centenarian 1501 1670
Jenkins, John." English musical composer 1592 1678
Jenkins, John. Am. surveyor and educator 1728 !7S4
Jenkins, John. -Am. pioneer, surveyor, soldier.. 1751 1827
Jenkins, John S. American lawyer and author . . 1818 1852
Jenkins, John T. Canadian phys., statesman — 1829
Jenkins, Leoline, Sir. Welsh statesman 1623 1685
Jenkins, Thornton A. American naval officer - . - 1811 - - -
Jenklnson, Anthonv- Eng. traveler in Asia 1584
Jenklnson, Charles, first Earl Liverpool, states'n 1727 1808
Jenklnson, Robert B., second Earl Liverpool 1770 1828
Jenks, Benjamin. Eng. religions writer 1646 1724
Jenks, Edward W'atrous. Am. phys. and author.. 1883
Jenks, Henrv Fitch. -Am. U. cl. and historian — 1842
Jenks, John'W- P. -Am. naturalist and educator. 1819 .
Jenks, Joseph Wm. Am. educator and linguist.. 1808 1884
Jenks, Phcebe. American artist 1847
JENKS — JOHNSON
1755
BORN DIED
Jenks, William. Am. clergyman and aulhor 1776 IStid
Jenkyns, William. Xoncoiiformist divine Hir2 iGSo
Jennens, Charles. Eng. com. words for Handel 1773
Jenner, Kdward. Kng. phys. Dis. of vacciuulion 1749 1823
Jenner, William. Eugrlisli miser 1701 171)7
Jenner, William, Sir. English physician iMo . -.
Jenness, Benning W. Am. mer. aiid statesman.. . 1806 1879
Jennings, DavidTCD. English Dissent, divine. 1091 1762
Jennings, Francis. English hymuologist in Am. 1S08 . ..
Jennings, Henry C. Eug. autiuqary and virtuoso 1731 1819
Jennings, Jonathan. American statesman 1776 18:>4
Jennings, Sam'l. Eug. Quaker pre., stats., Am 1708
Jennings, Samuel K. Am. clergyman and phys.. 1771 1854
Jennings, Thomas R. Am. phys. and anatomist. 1805 1874
Jennison, Samuel. Am. antiquary aud biographer 1788 1S60
Jensen, Jan A. D. Danish mariner and explorer. 1819 ....
Jenson or Janson, Nich. Fr. printer, typefounder .. 1481?
Jenyns, Soame. English poet and writer 1704 1787
Jephson, Kiehard. Irish dramatic poet 1736 1803
Jerdan, William. F.S. A. English journalist 17S-2 1809
Jeremiali. Hebrew prophet fl. 678 570 B.C.
Jeremie. French soldier aud author 1660 1714
Jeremie, John, Sir. Colonial judge 179.^ 1841
Jerez, de, Francisco. Spanish historian 1504 l.')70
Jerningham, Edward. English poet 1727 1812
Jeroboam. Sonojyebat. First king of Israel. . . — B.C. 953
Jeroboam. Son of Joash, King of Israel — b.c, 784
Jerome, Irene Elizabeth. American artist 1S58 ....
Jerome, .Saiut. Latin father of the church. .. — 340? 420
Jerome of Prague. Bohemian religious reformer 1378? 1416
Jerram, Charles, Rev. Life by J. Jarram,18.5o.. .. 1770 1853
Jerrold, Douglas W. English'humorist, author. 1.S03 1857
Jerrold, William Blanchard. English author. ... 1S26 1884
Jervas, Charles. Irish portrait painter 1675? 1739
Jervis, John, Earl of St. Vincent. Eng. admiral.. 17:>4 1823
Jervis, Johu Bloomtield. American engineer 1795 1885
Jesi, Samuel. Italian engraver . 1789 1853
Jesse, Edward. English naturalist and author.. . 1780 lSo8
Jessel, George. Sir. English jurist 1824 1883
Jessjy, Henry. Eng. ejected noncon. divine 1633
Jessopp, -Augustus. Eng. clergyman and author. 1824
Jessup, Henry Harris. Am. Presbyterian miss. .. 1832 ....
Jessup, Morris K. Am. banker, philanthropist.. . 1S30
Jessup, Samuel. Am. missionary and printer. .. 1833
Jessup, William. American jurist 1797 1868
Jesup, Thomas Sidney. American major general 1788 1860
Jeter, Jeremiah Bell.' Am. clergyman and author 1802 1880
Jeuffroy, R. V. French gem and medal engraver. 1749 1826
Jeune, Francis. D. D. Eng. prelate and reformer. l.SOO? 1868
Jeune, le John. French oratorian divine 1592 1672
Jevons, William Stanley. Eng. pol. economist.. . 1835 1882
Jewell, Harvey. American lawyer and statesman 1820 1881
Jewell, James Stewart. Am phys. and editor 1837 18S7
Jewell, John. Bishop of Salisbury 1522 1571
Jewell, Marshall. Am. slates, and diplomatist. . 1825 1883
Jewett, Charles Coffin. Am. bibliographer 1816 1.S88
Jewett, George Baker. Am. inventor and author. 1X18 1SS6
Jewett, Hugh J. Am. lawyer and statesman. ... 1812 ...
Jewett, Isaac .\ppleton. Am. lawyer and author. 1808 1853
Jewett, John Punchard. Am. pub. and manuf 1814 1884
Jewett, Luther. .\m. cl.. phys. and statesman 1772 1860
Jewett, Milo Parker. Am. educator and author. ISOS 1SS2
Jewett, Sarah Orne. American authoress 1819
Jewett, Susan W. Am. poet and journalist
Jewett, Theodore Herman. .\m. phys. and author 1815 1878
Jewett, Thomas L. Am. lawyer, R.'R. manager 1810 1875
Jewsbury, Maria Jane, Mrs. Fletcher. Eng. writer 1800 1833
Jezed I. Fifth Caliph -. . SS3
Jicotencal •"■ Xicotencatl. Tlascalan warrior. . . 1486 1521
Jimenez, Jesus. Central .\merican statesman — 1820 ...
Jimenez, Perez Manuel. Spanjsh R. C. bishop. . 1720 1781
Joachim. Prophet. Abbot of Fiore. L. by Gervaise 11.30 1202
Joachim, George. Swiss math, and astronomer. . 1514 1576
Joachim, John Frederick. Ger. hist and medal't 1713 1767
Joachim, Joseph. German violinist 1831 ....
Joan. Queen of Naples. See Jaxe.
Joan of Arc. F/-. Jeanne d'Aro Fr. heroine 1412 14.31
Joanes, or Juanes, J. Bapt. Spanish painter 1523 1.579
Joanna I. Queen of Naples 1.327 1382
Joanna or Juana. Q. oi Sp. wife .\rchd. Philip.. . 1469 1.555
Joash or Jehoash, son of .\haziah, K. of Judah.. . b. c. 838
Joash or Jehoash, son of Jehoahaz, K. of Israel. . e. c. 823
Jobert, Louis. Fr. Jesuit 1637 1719
Jobert de Lamballe, Antolne Joseph. Fr. surg.. 1799 1867
Jocher, Christian Theophilus. Ger. author 1694 1758
Jocundus, Francis John. See Giocond 1450? 1.321?
Jodclrell, Richard Paul. English w-riter 1745 1831
.lode, de, Arnold. Flemish engraver 16.36
Jode, de, Peter. Flemish engraver 1.570 1634
.^ode, de,. Peter, sofi. Engraver 1602 ....
Jodsile, Etienne. Sieur de Lvmodin. Fr. dram't. 1.532 1.573
Joecher or Joecher, Christian T. See JScAer. . . . 1694 17.58
Joel. He>irew Prophet fl. B. c. 800?
Joffredy, GeoffroiorJouf&ov. Cardinal 1412 1473
Joffrid. Abbot of Croyl'd. Pro. of learn, at Camb fl 12th c.
Jogues, Isaac. French Jesuit missionary in Am. 1607 H>46
Johannes Secundus, Jan N. E. Dutch poet ... I5ii 1.5:16
John, Eugenie. Pseudonym, £. .Vnr?(7(. Ger. nov. 1825 1887
John I , Saint. Pope '. 470? 526
BOKN DIED
John VIII. Pope 820? 882
Jonn X. Pope. Giunanni Cenci 884? 928
John XII. Pope. Vttuviano Vuitti 937? 964
John XXII. Pope. Jacgues d'Euse 1S14? 1331
John XXllI. Pone. Baltassare t'oeso 1360? 1419
John. King of England. [Magna Charta.] U66 1216
John. Duke of Bergundy. Assassinated 1371 1419
John. Ji>li<uin Baptif^t Jvstph. Archduke of Aust. 1782 1859
John. King of Sa-xony ]goi 1873
John I., Por(. Joao. The Great. King of Portugal 1357 1433
John II. Fr. Jean. Le Bon, OT The Uoixl. K. ofFr. 1319 13C4
John II. , or Casimir V. King of Poland 1C09 1672
John III., or Sobieski. John Sobiiski. K. of Pol.. 1621? 1696
John of Austria, Don. Spanish general 1.547? 1578
John of Gaunt. Son of Edward III. of England. . 1340 1899
John of Leyden. Dutch fanatic 1510? 1536
John of Salisbury. Eug. scholastic philosopher. 1120? 1180
Johnes, Thomas. Translator of Froissart 1748 1816
Johns, James Arnold McG. W. Indian author 1830
Johns, John. Am. P. E. bishop and educator 1796 1876
Johns, Keusey. Am. jurist 1759 1848
Johns, Kensey. American jurist 1791 1857
ilohnson, Alex. B. Eng. banker, author in Am. . 1786 1867
Johnson, Alexander Smith. Am. jurist 1817. 1878
Johnson, Andrew. Seventeenth Pics, of the U.S. 1808 1875
Johnson, Andrew Wallace. Am. n.aval ofliccr 1826 1SS7
Johnson, Artemus Xixon. Am. mus. journalist.. 1817
Johnson, Benjamin Pierce. Am. agric. and author 1793 1869
Johnson, Bradley Tyler. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1829
Johnson, Bushrod Rust. Am. soldier and edu 1817 1880
Johnson, Cave. Am. lawyer and statesman 1793 1866
Johnson, Chapman. Am. lawyer and orator 1779 1^49
Johnson, Charles. English dramatic writer 1679 1748
Johnson, Daniel. English pirate 1629 1675
Johnson, David. American jurist 1782 1855
Johnson, David. American artist 1827
Johnson, Eastman. American painter 1824 ....
Johnson, Edward. Eug. statesman and historian. 1.599 1672
Johnson, Edward. Historian of New England... 1600? 1672
Johnson, Eliza McCardle. Wife of Pres. Johnson 1-SlO 1876
Johnson, Evan MalLoue. Am.cl. and philan.... 1791 1865
Johnson, Frank CTrant. .\nl. physician and iuv . . 1835 ....
Johnson, George Henry Martin." Mohawk chief, . 1816 1884
Johnson, Henry, Sir. Irish soldier iu .\merica-.. 1748 18i5
Johnson, Henry. Am. lawyer and statesman 1783 1864
Johnson, Herm'an Merrills.' Am. edu. aud author 1SI5 1868
Johnson, Herrick. Am. clergyman and author. . . 1832 ....
Johnson, Herschel Vespasian. Am. law., states.. 1812 1880
Johnson, Miss Hester. Slclla. Friend of Swift. . 1684 1727
Johnson, Horace Chauncey. American artist 1820
Johnson, Isaac. Eng. colo'nist and benefactor 16:30
Johnson, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1774 1826
Johnson, James. American jurist 1811
Johnson, James A. Eng. mus. and choirmaster. 1820 1883
Johnson, John, Rev. Eng. nonjuring divine 1662 1725
Johnson, John, Sir. Am. loy. gen. in Rev. war. . 1742 1830
Johnson, John Barent. Am. D. Ref. clergyman... 1769 1803
Johnson, John Mercer. Eng. law., states, iu Can 1818 1868
Johnson, John Milton. Am. phys. and educator. . 1812 1886
Johnson, Johu Smoke. Mohawk chief 1792 1886
Johnson, John T. .\m. statesman and evangelist 1788 1856
Johnson, Joseph. Am. physician and educator .. 1776 1862
Johnson, Joseph. .\m. soldier and statesman — 1785 1877
Johnson, Joseph Taber. Am. phys. aud educator 1845
Johnson, Lawrence. Eng. type-founder in ,\m... 1801 1860
Johnson, Madison C. Am. lawyer and statesman 1806 1886
Johnson, ilartin. Eng. landscape painter 1685?
Johnson, Marv Ann. Am. prison matron, lecturer 1808 1872
Johnson, Maurice. English antiquary 1687 1755
Johnson, Nathaniel. Sir. Eng.. pioneer silk-cult 1713
Johnson, Oliver. Am. journalist and lecturer.. . 1809 1889
Johnson, Ovid Frazer. Am. law., political writer 1807 1854
Johnson, Philip Carrigain. Am. naval officer.. . .1828 1887
Johnson, Reverdy. Am. lawyer and statesman ..1796 1876
Johnson, Richard. Eng. grammarian 1720
Johnson, Rich. M.. Col. Ninth Vice-Pres. of U. S 1781 1850
Johnson, Richard W. Am. soldier and author 1827 —
Johnson, Robert. American governor 1682 1735
Johnson, Robert Ward. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1814 1879
Johnson, Rossiter. Am. editor and author 1840
Johnson, Rowland. Am. Quaker preacher, ref m'r 1816 1886
Johnson, Samuel. Rev. Eug. prot. controv.. w'r.. 1049 1703
Johnson, S.amuel. Am. educator, clergyman .. 1096 1772
Johnson, Samuel. Eng. dramatist and humorist 170.J? 1773
Johnson, Samuel. Eng. lexicographer, mis. w'r. 1709 1784
Johnson, Samuel. Am. clergyman and author .. . 1822 1882
Johnson, Samuel Frost. American artist 1835 ...
Johnson, Samuel E. Am. clergyman. educator... 1802 1873
Johnson, Samuel W. Am. chemist and author... 1830 —
Johnson, Thomas. English botanist 1561 1641
Johnson, Thomas, of Eton and Brentford. Cls. ed 1675? 17501
Johnson, W. .\. B. .\frican missionary 1787 1823
Johnson, Waldo Porter. .\m. lawyer, statesman. 1817 18f5
Johnson, Walter Rogers. American physicist. .. 1794 I8."2
Johnson, William. Sir. Irish gen. colonist iu Am 1715 1774
Johnson, William. .\m. law reporter, author — 1770 1848
Johnson, William. American jurist 1771 1834
Johnson, William B. .\m. cl. and educator 1782 1862
Johnson, William L. Am. P. E. clergyman 1769 1803
1756
JOHNSON— JOUBERT
BORN DIED
Johnson, William Samuel. Am. jurist and orator 1727 1819
Johnson, Woolsey. Americau physician 1842 1.SS7
Jolinston, Albert Sidney. Confederate general.. 1803 1862
Johnston, Alexander. Am. historical writer 1S49 ltiS9
Tohnston, Alexander Keith. Scottish geo.etrnpher 1S(M 1871
Johnston, -Vmos Kaudall. Am. states, and journ. ISIO 1879
Johnston, -Vrthur. Scotch phys., latin poet 1587 ItHl
Johnston, Charles. Irish writer 181)0?
Johnston, Christopher. Am. phys. and artist 1822 ....
Johnston, David Claupoole. Am. eng. and actor. 1797 18C5
Johnston, Gabriel. Colonial gov. of S. Carolina. Ii'i99 1752
Johnston, George. Scottish naturalist 1798 1855
Johnston, Hugh. Cauadiau M. E. clergyman... . 1840 ...
Johnston, James F. W. Scot.ctiem., agriculturist 1796 1855
Johnston, James Steptoe. Am. sol., F.E. bishop. 184:->
Johnston, John. American artist 1752 1S18
Johnston, Johu. Irish adventurer and pioneer.. lIGo 1834
Johnston, Johu. Irish Indian agent in America. 1775 1861
Johnston, Johu. Am. educator and scientist 1806 1879
Johnston, Johu Taylor. Am. lawyer, RR. pres, . . 1S20
Johnston, Johu Wartield. Am. lawyer, statesman 1818 1889
Johnston, Joseph E. Confederate general 1809 1891
Johnston, Josiah Stoddard. Am. lawyer, states'n 1784 183S
Johnston, Josiah Stoddard. .\m. soldier, journ. . 1833 ....
Johnston, Peter. American soldier and lawyer. . 1763 1841
Johnston, Richard M. Am. lawyer and author. .. 1822
Johnston, Samuel. Scotch law.', states, in .Vm... 1733 1816
Johnston, Samuel. American inventor 1835 ...
Johnston, William F- Am. lawyer, statesman... 380S 1872
Johnston, William P. Am. educator and author. 1831 ....
Johnstone, Archibald. of Warriston. Presby.lead ... 1663
Johnstone, Bryce, Dr. Scottish divine ". 1747 1805
Johnstone, de. Chevalier. Jacobite 1720 i.soo?
Johnstone, Ceorge. Scotch naval officer, diplom 1787
Johnstone, George. M. P. Captain Royal Navy 1787
Johnstone, James, M.D., of Worcester. Med. w'r. 1730 1802
Johnstone, Job. American jurist 1793 1802
Johnstone, John. M.D.. of Birmingham. Med. w'r 1768 1836
Johnstone, Johu H. Comic actor and vocalist. .. 1750 1828
Johonnot, James. Am. educator and author 1823 ....
Joinville, de, Francois F. P. L. Prince. Fr. sold., 1818 ....
Joinviile, de, Jean. Sire. French chronicler 1224 1319
Jokal, Maurus. Hungarian novelist 1825 .
Joliet, Louis. One of the discoverers of the Miss. H»45 1700
Jolivet, de, Johu B. M.,Couut. Fr. statistical w'r 1754 1818
Joly, Claude. French political writer 1607 170O
Joly, Francis Anthony. French comic writer. . 1672 1753
Joly, Henry G. Fr. statesman, lawyer in Canada. 1829 . .
Joly, Mane Elizabeth. Freuch actress 1762 1796
Jomard, Edme Francois. Fr. geogr. and archaeol. 1T77 1862
Jomelli, Nicolu. Italian composer 1714 1774
Jomini, Antoine H., Baron. Fr. w'r on art of war 1779 1869
Jonah. Hebrew prophet fl. b. c. 8t>2
Jonas, Arngrim. His. and antiquary of Iceland. . 1,')6S 1648
Jonas, Beujamiu F. Am. soldier arid statesman. 1834 —
Jonas, Justus. German Protestant reformer 1493 1555
Jonckbloet, Gustav Josef -Andrews. Dutch auth. 1817
Jones, Alexander. Am. inventor and author 1S02 1863
Jones, Alexander H. Am. editor and statesman. 1822
Jones, Alfred. English engraver iu America 1819
Jones, Alfred Gilpin Nov. Scotiau states, in Can 1834
Jones, Allen. American soldier and statesman.. 17;^ 1798
Jones, .\manda T. Am. editress and author 1835 ....
Jones, Auson. American soldier and diplomatist 1798 1858
Jones, Catlit. Am. pioneer aud Quaker preacher. 1750 1829
Jones, Charles A. Aui. lawyer and author 1812 1851
Jones, Charles Colcock. Am. clergyman and edu 1804 1863
Jones, Charles W. Irish law. and statesm. ^n Am 1834
Jones, David. American jurist 1699 1775
Jones, David. Welsh poet and coll. of Welsh MSS . , 1785?
Jones, David. American Baptist clergyman 1736 1820
Jones, David Ford. Cauadiau statesman 1818 ....
Jones, David S. Americau lawyer 1777 1848
Jones, Edward. Welsh musician 1751? 1821
Jones, Ernest. Eug. journalist and orator 1819 1S69
Jones, George. Am. educator and author 1800 1870
Jones, George. Proprietor of New York Timfs 1811 1891
Jones, George Wallace. Am. stalesm'n and diplo. 1S04 ...
Jones, GriflitU, Rev. Welsh philanthropist 1684 1761
Jones, Griffith. W'r of juvenile books and journ. 1721 17.86
Jones, Henry. Irish dramatic poet. 1720? 1770
Jones, Henry B., M.D. English medical writer.. . 1814 1873
Jones, Horatio Gates. Am. cl. aud educator 1777 1853
Jones, Horatio Gates. Am. statesman aud author 1822 —
Jones, Hugh. Eug. cl. and edu. iu America 1669 1760
Jones, Hugh Bolton, American artist 1848 ....
Jones, Inigo. English architect 1572? 1052
Jones, Jacob, Americau naval officer 3768 1850
Jones, James. Am. physician aud educator 1807 1873
Jones, James Athearn. ,\m. journalist and author 1790 1853
Jones, James Chamberlain. American statesman 1809 1859
Jones, James K. Americau lawyer aud statesman 1839 ....
Jones, Jeremiah. English Diss'eutiug divine 1693 1724
Jones, Joel. Americau jurist aud author 1795 1860
Jones, John, English medical w-riter fl/M579
Jones, John. Eng. Benedictine in Sp, Bibl. w'r. 1.575 1636
Jones, John. Americau surgeon 1729 1791
Jones, John. LL.D. Unit, minister, philologist. . 1765? 1827
Jones, John. Eng. vocalist, educator and author 1796 1861
BOEN DIE»
Jones, John Divme. Anierican benefactor 1814
Jones, Johu Gale. Euglish j.olitical orator 1771 1838
Jones, Johu Glaucy. Am. lawyer aud statesman. 1811 1877
Jones, Johu Marshall. Am. soldier auu educator 1820 1861
Jones, John Mather. Welsh journalist, pioneer.. 1826 1874
Jones, Johu Paul. Am. naval officer, born in Scot 1747 1792
Jones, Johu Percival. Welsh statesman in Am... 1830
Jones, Johu Pringle. English jurist iu America.. 1812 1874
Jones, John R. American journalist and author.. 1810
Jones, John Richter. Am. lawyer and soldier 180? 1863
Jones, John Sills. Am. soldier and statesman 1836
Jones, Johu Taylor. Am. Baptist missionaiy 1802 1851
Jones, Johu W. Am. physician aud statesman... 1806 1872
Jones, John Wiuston. .imericau Congressman... 1791 1848
Jones, Joseph. Mem. of Coutiuental Congress. .. 1727 1805
Jones, Joseph. Am. physician aud author 1833
Jones, Joseph Huutiugton. Am.cl.and author.. 1797 1868
Jones, Joseph Seawell. Americau author 1811 1855
Jones, Joseph Stevens. .\m. phvs. aud plnywriter 1811 1877
Jones, Leonard. .\m. lawyer and author 1832
Jones, Lt-slie G., Colonel, Eng. political writer. 1779 ]«39
Jones, Llewellyn. English P. E. bishop 1840
Jones, Melinda, Mrs. .\mericau actress 1815 1875
Jones, Noble Wimberly. Eug. phvs. statesman. . 1724 1805
Jones, Oweu. Welsh antiquary 1740 1814
Jones, Oweu. British architect 1.S09 1874
Jones, Patrick H. Irish lawyer, soldier in Am. ... 1830
Jones, Rebecca. .\m. Quaker preacher 17.39 1.S18
Jones, Rice. Welsh poet,. 1716 1801
Jones, Richard. Welsh divine 1652?
Jones, Samuel. Am. lawyer aud public ofEcer 1734 1819
Jones, Samuel. Welsh. Baptist cl. in America. .. 1735 1814
Jones, Samuel, American jurist 1769 1853
Jones, Samuel. Am. soldier and educator 1820 1887
Jones, Samuel Porter. Sam Jones, Am. revivalist 1847 ....
Jones, Samuel William. Am. jurist aud mayor... 1791 1855
Jones, Seaborn. American lawyer 1788 1874
Jones, Sibyl. American Quaker preacher 1808 1873
Jones, Thomas. Americau jurist 1731 1792
Jones, Thomas K. Eng. comparative anatomist.. 1810 1880
Jones, W'alter. Am. physician aud scholar 1745 3815
Jones, W'alter Restored. .\m. marine underwriter 1793 1855
Jones, William. Mathematician 1680 1749
Jones, William. Rev. Eug. Hut<'hinsonian divine 1726 1802
Jones, William, Sir. Eug. orientalist 1746 1794
Jones, William. .American statesman 17j4 1821
Jones, William. Am. naval officer, statesman... 1760 1835
Jones, ^^'il!iam .\lfred. American author 1817
Jones, William Palmer. Am. phys. and journalist 3819
Jones, Willie. American statesman 1731 1801
Jong, de, Ludolpli. Dutch painter 1616 1697
Jonin, Gilbert. Freuch Jesuit and poet 1596 1638
Jonson, Ben. Euglish dramatist 1.574? 1637
Jonston, Arthur. Scottish latiu poet 1587 3641
Jonston, John. Polish writer 1603 1675
Jordaens, Jakob. Flemish painter 1593 1678
Jordaens, Mauritius. Dutch phys. aud author... 1762 1824
Jordaens, Melchior. Dutch phys. and author... 1741 1829
Jordan, Ambrose L. .\m. lawyer, statesuuin 1791 1865
Jordan, Camille. Fr. religious aud polit. writer. 1771 1821
Jordan, Chas. Stephen. Prussian writer.. 1705 1735
Jordan, Courad N. .Assistant treastirer of U. S... 1830
Jordan, Cornelia Jane Matthews. .\m. poetess.. . 1830
Jordan, David Starr. Am.nat. aud pub. officer. . 1851
Jordan, Dorothy Bland. .Mrs. Irish actress 1762 1816
Jordan, Edw^ard. W.Indian editor and states 1801 1869
Jordan, John. .\m. banker and antiquarian 1808 ....
Jordan, John Christopher. Bohemian scholar 1740
Jordan, Johu Woolf. Am. antiquarian, author... 1840
Jordan, Joseph. American Quaker preacher 1693 1742
Jordan, Richard. American Quaker preacher 1756 1826
Jordan, Robert. American Quaker preacher 1695 1735
Jordan, Wilhelm. German poet 1819 ....
Jordano, Luca. Neapolitan painter 1632 1705
Jorden, Edward. M. D. Eng. medical writer 1569 1632
JorK, Joseph Edmund. Bavarian auth. and pol.. . 1819
Jorgenson, Jorgeu. Danish adventurer 1779 1830?
Jornandes "*■ Jordanes. Gothic historian 6th c.
Jose, de, Santa Theresa. Port. Jesuit and author 165S 1736
Joselyn, Heury. .\mericau statesman
JosepaMeir. "French rabbi and historical writer 1496 1554
Joseph. Jewish patriarch 1745 1635 B.C.
Joseph I. Emperor of Germany (1705-11) 1678 1711
Joseph II. Emperor of Germany , 1741 1790
Joseph Emanuel. King of Portugal 1714 1777
Joseph of Exeter. Latin poet ti.oi Ed. I. it John
Joseph of Paris. Fmneis Lcdcredu TrimUay 3577 36:j8
Josephine. Emp. of France. Wife of Napoleon I. 1763 3814
Josephine. Ex-queen of Sweden 1807 1876
Josephus, Flavins. Jewish historian ,37? 100!
Joshua, Leader of Israelites a6. 1538-1427 B.c,
Josiah. Kingof Judah 648 610 B.C.
Josika, Miklos. Baron. Hungarian novelist 1796 1865
Josqnin Deprez. Jodocu? PraUnsis. Mus. com. .. 1450?
Jost, Isaak Markus. Ger. his. of the Israelites. .. 1793 1860
Jotham. King of Judah 783 742 B.C.
Jouhert, -\utoine Heury. Sp. Jesuit aud edu 1601 1674
Jouhert, Karthelemy Catherine. Freuch general 1769 1799
Joubert, Francis, of Montpellier. Jansenist divine 168C 1763
JO U BERT — KANT
1757
BORN DIED
Joubert, Joseph. French essayist 1754 1824
Joubert, Lawrence. French medical writer isau 1888
Jouett, George Payne. Am. soldier and sculptor. 1.SI3 1862
Jouett, James Ethvard. American naval oiiicer. , 1828 ....
Jouett, Matthew Harris. American artist 1788 1827
Jouffroy d'Arbans.de, Claude F.Marq. Fr.mechau '7.51 1832
Jouffroy, Gabriel. Fr. Jesuit, miss, and author 1031 1085
Jouffroy de, Johu Joffredus. French cardinal... 1412 1473
Jouffroy, Theodore Simon. Fr. eclectic philos.., . 1796 1842
Jouin, Louis. Pru.ssian Jesuit and educator 1818 ....
Joule, James Prescott. I'^uglish physicist 1818 1S8S)
Jouls, Niels. Swedish scientist and author 1729 1793
Jourdain, Araable Louis MaryM.B. Fr. orient. 1788 1818
Jourdan, Antoine Jacques L. French physician 1788 1S59
Jourdan, Jean Baptiste. Comte. Marsh'l of Fr. 1762 1833
Journet, Frances. Frouch actress 1722
Jousse, Daniel. French lawyer 1704 1781
Jouvencel, de, Paul. Fr. author aud politicJau. . 1818 ....
Jouvenci, de, Joseph. Jesuit. French writer. . . . 1043 1719
Jouvenet, John, French jjainter. li;44 1717
Jouy, de, Victor Joseph Etienue. French author 1704 1846
Jovanovitch, Vladimir. Serbian polit'n. author 1833
Jovellanos, de, (Jaspar Melchior. Spanish poet, . 1744 1811
Jovian or Jovianus, Flavius C. Roman emperor 331 3(J4
Jovinian, of Jlilan. Monk and writer o/(. 412
Jovius or Giovio, Paul. Italian historian 1483 1552
Jowett, Benjamin. Eug classical scholar 1817 ....
Jowett, William, Rev. Missionary 1787? 1865
Joy, Charles Arad. American scientist 1823 1891
Joy, Henry. Irish judge 1767 1838
Joy, James F. Am. lawyer and.R. R manager 1810 ....
Joy, Joye or Gee, John. Reformer 1492? 1553
Joy, Sylvauus. .\m. ])hys. and manufacturer 1833 ....
Joyce," Charles H. Eng. lawyer and statesman... 1830 ....
Joyce, Jeremiah. Compiler." 1764 1816
Joyce, Robert D. Irish physician and poet 1&36 1883
Joyeuse, de, .\uno, Duke. Admiral of France. . . 1561 1587
Joyeiise, de, Francis. Cardinal, statesman 1562 1615
Joyner, William, or Lyde. Writer 1622 1706
Joynes, Edward S. A"m. educator and author. .. . 1834 ....
Joynes, Levin S. Am. physician and educator 1819 1881
Juana. Queen of Spain, wife of Archduke Philip. 1479 1555
Juanes, de, Juan B., m Joannes. Sp. painter.... 1.52:3 1.579
Juan y Santacilla, Jorge. Spanish explorer 1712 1774
Juarez, Benito Pablo. President of Mexico 1806 1872
Juarez or Xuarez, Juan. Spanish missionary 1528
Juarez-Celman, Miguel. Cordova lawyer, states. 1814
Juarrez, Jose D. Paraguayan edn., historian 1801 1837
Juarros, Domingo. C. American historian 1752 1820
Juba I. King of Numidia; defeated at Thapsus.. .. B. c. 46
Juba II., .*!». King of Muritania and Numidia. . ..a.d.19?
Jubinal, Michel L. A. Fr. politician, author 1810 1875
Juda, Leo. German Protestant reformer 1482 1.542
Judan CMug. Jewish rabbi. Phys., grammarian fl. 1040
Judah Hakkadosh. Compiler of the Mlshna 123 190
Judas Levita or Ha-Levi. Rabbi. Poet, gram... 1080? 1110
Judas Maccabaeus. Jewish patriot B.C. 160
Judd, David W. Am. journalist and statesman. . 1838 1888
Judd, Garritt Parmlee. Am. phys. and statesman 1803 1S73
Judd, Norman Buel. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1815 1878
Judd, Orange. Am. ngric. editor and benefactor. . 1822
Judd, Sylvester. Am. antiquarian 1789 1860
Judd, Sylvester. Am. clergyman and educator. .. 1813 1853
Judd, Willard. Am. clergyman and educator 1804 1840
Jude, Saint. Thaddnis or Lrhbcns. Apostle 1st c.
Judson, Adoniram, Am. Baptist missionary 1788 1850
Judson, Andrew T. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1784 1853
Judson, Ann Haseltine. American authoress 17.S9 1826
Judson, E. Z. C. Nc<f Iliintlinc. Am. nav. officer w'r 1822 1886
Judson, Edward. Burmese cl. and edu. in Am... 1.844
Judson, Emily. Fntiitt/ Forester. Am. authoress. 1817 1854
Judson, Sarah Hall B. Am. missionary, author. . 1803 1845
Juel, Nicholas. Danish admiral 1629 1697
Juglaris, Louis. Italian Jesuit and panegyrist. .. 1607 1653
Jugler, Lorenz. German educator and author. . . 1692 1764
Jugurtha. Numidian king B.C. 1.59? 104
Jukes, Joseph Beete. English geologist 1811 1869
Julia. Daughter of C-esar, wife of Pdmpey 83? 54 B.C.
Julia. Dauguter of -\ngustus,wife of Marcellus. B c. a.d. 14
_Julia, daughter. Wife of .^Smilius Paulus 28
'Julia. Daughter of <termanicus and Agrippina. . 18 nft. 41
Julia. Daughter of Drusus and Livia. 59
Julia Domna. Wife of Septimius Severus 1.58? 217
Julian, Flavius Claudius Jnliamis. Roman cmp 331 363
Julian, George W. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1817
Julian, Isaac Hoover. American journalist 1823 ....
Julian, St. Abp. of Toledo. W'r against the Jews .... 690
Julien, Alexis Anastav. Am. geol. and .scientist.. 1840 ....
Julien, Pierre. French sculptor 17."1 1.S04
Julien, Simon. Swiss painter 1736 1799
Julien, Stanislas. French orientalist . 1799 1873
Julio, E. B. D. Fabrino. American artist 1843 1879
Julius I. Pope (337-52). Saint Oulio 352
Julius II. Foi<e iisna-lii) MiuUauu delta liovere.... 1441 1513
Julius III. Pope (1.5.50-55). John Maria del Monte. USl 1.555
Jullien, Louis Antoine. French musician 1812 1800
Jumonville, de, Coulon. Fr. officer in Canada.. 1725? n.?".
Juncker, Christian. German medalist and writer 1603 1714
Junoker, Henry Damian. Fr. R. C. bishop, edu. . 1810 1808 ,
BOKN died
Juncker, Theodore John. Ger. medical writer. .. 1680 1759
Junctin or Giuntinl, Francis, of Florence 1522 1590
Juneau, Laurent S. Am. pioneer in Wisconsin. . 1793 1856
Jung, Joachim. Ger. philosopher and botanist. . 1587 1667
Jung-Stilling, Johaun 11. German mystic author 1740 l.Ml
Junge or Jungius, Joachim, of Hamburg. Philos. 1587 1657
Junger, .-Egidius. Prussian R. C. bishop 1883 ..
Jungermann, Louis. Fr. botanist, naturalist... 1572 1653
Jungbuhn, Franz Wilhelm. German naturalist. 1812 1864
Jungmann, Bernhardt. Ger. botauist, chemist. . 1671 1747
Jungmann„ Johu George. Ger. Mor. miss, in Am 1720 1808
Jungmann, Josef Jakob. Bohemian philologist. . 1773 1847
Junipero, Miguel Jose Serra. Sp. missionarv 1713 1784
Junius Eng. w'r, tho't to be Sir Philip Francis.. . 1709 1772
Junius, de. Ad riaan. Dutchphvs.and philologist 1511 1.575
Junius, Frauciscus. Fr. Protes"tant theologian... 1545 1002
Junius, Frauciscus. Ciermau-English philo'ogist 1589 1677
Junker, Wilhelm. African traveler 1S40 ....
Junkin, David X. Am. Presbv. cl. and educator. 1808 1S80
junkin, George. Am. Presby. cl., edu. and auth. 1790 1868
Junot, Andoche. Due d'Abranti?s. ISIarshal of Fr. 1771 1813
Junta, Philip. Printer at Geneva 1450 1519
Junta, Thomas. Venetian physician fi, 1554
Juret, Francis. French critic and poet 15.53 1620
Jurlen de la Gravidre, Fr. vice-admiral, writer.. 1812 .. .
Jurieu, Pierre. French Protestant divine 1637 1713
Jurin, James. Physician and mathematician 1684 1750
Jusserand, Jean Jules. French author i.s.55 ...
Jussieu, Adrien. Son of A. L. French botanist. 1797 1853
JUBSieu, de, Anthony. Botanist and physician.. 1686 1758
Jussieu, Antoine Laurent. French botanist 1748 1S36
Jussieu, Bernard, t-'wcic o/. 4. /,. French botanist 1699 1776
Jussieu, de, Joseph. Nat., phys., eng., traveler. . 1704 1779
Jussieu, Laurent P. Coux.oJ' .-Idricn. Fr. botanist 1792 1866
Just, John. Philologist and uatural philosopher. 1797? 18.52
.Juste, Th(!'Odore. Belgian historian ISIS 1888
Justel, Christopher. Eccles. antlq. aud canonist 1580 1649
Justel, Henry, LL.D. Royal librarian in Eng 1620 1693
Justi, John Henry Theophilus. Ger. mineralogist 1705? 1771
Justi, Karl Wilhelm. Ger. theologian and author 1707 1846
Justin or Justinus. Latin historian fl. 3d or 4th c.
Justin I. or Justinus, Flavius A. Byzantine emp 450 527
Justin II. Tlir Ymitujrr. Byzantine emperor 578
Justin Martyr. Church father in Palestine 105? 167
Justinian I. or Justinlanus, Flavius A. Byz. emp 483 565
Justinian II. Hon of Constantine III. (685-711.)... 669 711
Justiniani, .iugustin. Orientalist 1470 1536
Justinlanl, Bernard H08 1489
Justiniani, Fabian 1.578 1627
Justiniani, Lawrence. Pat. of Venice. Dev. w'r. 1380 1465
Justus. Archbishop of Canterbury (624-27) 627
Justus, of Padua. Painter fl. 1307
Juvara or Ivara, Philp. Sicilian architect 1685 1735
Juvara, Tommaso .\loysio. Italian artist 1809 1875
Juvenal. Roman satirist 38 120
Juvenal des Ursins. Abp. of Rheims. Histor'n. 1388 147.'!
Juvencus, Caius Vettius A. Christian Latin poet fl. 332?
K
Kaalund, Hans Vilhelm. Danish poet 1818
Kaas, Nikolaus. Danish statesman and regent... 1535 1594
Ka'b or Kaa'b, Ibn-Zahir. Arabian poet a/(. 631
Kaczkowskl, Sigismond, Polish novelist 1826
Kaercber, George R. Am. lawyer and reformer. . 1845
Kahnis, Karl Friedrich August. Ger. theologian 1814
Kain, John Joseph. Am. R. C. bishop 1841
Kalakaua, David. King of the Hawaiian Islands 1836 1891
Kalakaua, Emma K. Q. dow. of Hawaiian Isl.. 1836 1885
Kalakaua, Lydia K. L. Qucenof the Hawaii Isl... 1838
Kalbfleiscn, Martin. Dutch chem., states, in Am. 1804 1873
Kaler, James Otis. Am. journalist 1&18 ....
Kalidasa. Kail D^s. Shak. nj India.. Hindu poet fl. B. c. 50?
Kalisch, David. German humorist 1820 1873
Kaliscli, Isidor. Prus. rabbi, schol. aud au. in Am. 1816 ias6
Kalisch, Marcus. Ger. theologian 1828 1885
Kalkbrenner, Friedrich. Gor. pianist, composer 1788 1819
Kalm, Peter. Swedish naturalist 1715 1779
Kalnoky, Gustav, Count. Austrian diplomatist. . 1832
Kalohotliakes, Martha Hooper B. Am. missionary 1830 1871
Kameliameha I. King of the Hawaiian Islands.. 1753 1819
Kamehamelia II., Liholiho. King olHawaiiau Isl 1797 1.S25
Kaniehameha III., K. Kingof Hawaiian Islands. 1814 1854
Kamehameha rV. , -\. L. Kingof Hawaiian Isl. . . 1834 1863
Kamehameha V. , Lot. King of Hawaiian Islands 1830 '1872
Kames, Henry H. Lord. Scottish judge and writer 1696 1782
Kampen, van, NikolaasGodfried. Dutch bis 1776 18.39
Kampfer, Engelbrecht. Ger. bot. and traveler... 1651 1716
Kanaris, Constautine. Gr. naval hero and states. 1790 1S77
Kane, Elias Kent. Am. lawyer and statesman.. . . 1796 1835
Kane, Elisha K. Am. Artie ex. Son oj John K. .1820 1857.
Kane, George P. Am. merchant, public officer.... 1817 1878
Kane, Johu Kintziug. American jurist, 1795 18.58
Kane, Paul. Canadian artist and author 1810 1871
Kane, Robert Johu, Sir. Irish chemist 1810 1890
Kane, Thomas L. American lawyer and soldier. . 1822 1883
Kannegieser.Sigismund. German explorer 1706 1759
Kant, Immauuel. German metaphysician 1724 1804
1758
K A N T E M I R — K E R A TRY
BOB>'
Kantemlr. See Cantemir.
Kapnist, Wassili Wassiliewitseh. Russian poet. 1756
Kapiolana. Wiie of Ivalakaua. K. of Hawaiian Is 1S84
Kapp.rriedrich. Frus. lawyer and autlior in Am IS-J4
Karajitcli, Vuk StufaiioviiolJ. Servian scliolar... 17S7
Karamzln or jiararusiii.l'-ilcolaiM. Ku. lilstorian 17115
Karavelof , Petlio. Bulgarian politician 1S40
Karr, Jobu Baptiste Alpliousc. Frencli author... 1»08
Karsch, Anna L. Tht ij'jrutan Sappho. Ger. poetess 1722
Karsten, Hermauu. Ger. botanist and traveler.. 1»17
Karsten, Karl Jobaun B. Prussian mineralogist. 17»2
Easson, John Adams. Am. lawyer and statesman 1822
Ea3taer, Abraham G. Ger. mathematician, poet 17ia
Kate, Ten, Jan J. L. Dutch poet and translator. . 1S19
Kater, Henrv. English mathematician 1777
Katkof, Mikhail Nikiphrovitch. Ku. politician. . 1S20
Katoua, Istvdn. Hungarian historian 17a2
Katte, Walter. Eng. civii eng. in America 1830
Kauffinann, Maria Angelica. Swiss painter 1741
Kaufniann, Coustantine P. Russian general 1818
Kaufmann, Theodor. Ger. artist, soldier in Am. 1814
KaulbacH, Charles E. Nova Scotian statesman. . 1834
Kaulbacii, Henry A. X, Nova scotian statesman. 1830
Kaulbacli, von, VVilhelm. German painter isOo
Kaunitz, von, VVenzel A., Prince. Austrian dip.. 1711
Kautz, Albert. American naval officer 1839
Kavanagh, Edward. Am, lawyer and statesman 1795
Kavanagh, Julia. British authoress 1824
Kavanaugh, Benjamin T. Am. physician, author 1805
Kavanaugn, Hubbard H. Am. M. E. bishop, edu 1802
Kaye, John William, Sir. English historian 1814
Kazinczy, Ferencz, Hungarian author 1759
Keagy, John M. Am. physician and educator ... 1795
Kean, Charles John. Xan 0/ Edmund. Eng. actor 1811
Kean, Edmund. English tragedian 1787?
Kean, Ellen. Elkn Tree. English actress 1805
Kean, John. American statesman 1756
Keane, John, first baron. British general 1781
Keane, John J. Irish R. C. bishop in America... 1839
Kearny, Lawrence .American commodore 1789
Kearny, Philip. American major general 1815
Kearny, Stephen W. American brigadier general 1794
Kearsley, John. Eng. phys.,archi., anth. in Am. 1684
Keary Annie. Irish novelist 1825
Keating, John M. American physician and autb. 1852
Keating, William H. Am. scientist andedu 1799
Keatingi William Valentine. Am. phys. and edu. 1823
Keats, John. English poet 1796
Keayne, Kobert. Eng. soldier and philan. in Am. 1595
Keble, John. English divine and poet 1792
Keduey, John Steinfort. Am. P. E. cl., edu., auth 1819
Keefer, Samuel. Canadian civil engineer 1811
Keeler, Kaiph. Am. adventurer and journalist.. 1840
Keeley, Kobert. English comedian 1794
Keely, Johu Worrall. American inventor 1837
Keen, George or JoranKyn. Swed.sol., col. in Am 1620
Keen, Gregory B. Am. clergyman and author 1844
Keen, Matthias. Swedish statesman in Am 1CG7
Keen, Morris L. American inventor 1820
Keen, William W. Am. phys., educator, author . . 1837
Keenan, Henry Francis. Am. journalist, novelist 1849
Keene, Laura. American actress 1820
Keener, .John Christian. Am, M. E. bishop 1819
Keep, Henry. American financier 1818
Keep, Johu." Am. Congregational clergyman 1781
Keese, Johu. .Vmerican auctioneer and lecturer. 1805
Keese, William Liun. American author 1835
Kehr, Gustav H. Ger. bot., educator, author 1581
Keifer, Joseph W. Am. law., soldier, statesman. 1836
Keightley, Thomas. British author 1789
Keil, Karl August Gottlieb. German theologian. 1754
Keill, John. Scottish math, and nat. philosopher 1071
Keim, Theodor. German theologian 1825
Keisar. van, Mauritius. Dutch phys. agri., author liiivi
Keiser,' Iteiuhard. German musical composer... 1673
Keith, Ale.xander. Scottish author 1791
Keith, Alexander. Scottish statesman in Canada 1795
Keith, Charles Penrose. Am. lawyer and his 1854
Keith, Geo., Earl. Marshal of Scot, and Prus. dip IO80
Keith, George Keith-Elphiastn"p. Vis. Brit. ad... 1746
Keith, Isaac Stockton. Am. Presby. clergyman.. 1755
Keith, James. Scotish clergyman m America — 1643
Keith, James. Brother of George. Prus. field mar 1696
Keitt, Lawrence Massillon. Am. lawyer, states.. 1824
Keith, Keuel. American P. E. clergyman 1792
Keith, William, Sir, Bart. En^. statesm. in Am.. 16S0
Kellar, Christian .-Arnold. Swiss ex., edu. and an 1711
Kellar, Ezra. American Lutheran clergyman 1812
Keller, Gerard. Dutch journalist and novelist... 1829
Keller, Joseph E. Bav. Jesuit, edu. and linguist. 1827
Keller, von, Joseph. German engraver 1811
Kellerman, de, F. C. Duke of Valmy. Mar. of Fr. 17.55
Kellett, Henry. Sir. English naval oflicer 1807
Kelley, Alfred. Am. lawyer and statesman 1787
Kelley, Benjamin Frauklin. American soldier,. . 1807
Kelley, Hall Jackson. Am. Colonist and eudcator 1790
Kelley, William Darrah. Am. Congressman 1814
Kellogg, Albert. Am. physician and botanist 1813
Kellogg, Clara Louise. American singer 1842
DIED
1825
1888
1884
1864
1826
1890
1791
i853
isoo
1835
1887
1811
1807
1882
1874
1794
1844
1877
1888
1884
1876
1831
1837
1868
1833
1880
1795
1844
1868
1802
1848
1772
1879
1844
1821
16.56
1866
1873
1869
1690
1714
1883
1873
1869
1870
1856
i639
iS72
1818
1721
1878
1725
1739
1880
1873
1778
1823
1813
1719
1758
1864
1,S42
1749
1790
1848
i886
1873
1820
1875
1859
i874
1890
1887
BOBN DIED
Kellogg, Edward. American financier 1790 1858
Kellogg, Elijah. Am, Cong cl,, lect. and author. IMS —
Kellogg, Francis \\ . Am, soldier and statesman. Iblu 1878
Kellogg, George. Am. educator and inventor. .. . 1812
Kellogg, Samuel Henry. Am. P. cl. and translator lSo9
Kellogg, William. .American jurist 1814
Kellogg, W'iiliam Pitt. Am. soldier and statesm'n l^M
Kellum, John. American architect 1^71
Kelly, James Edward. Am. sculptor i;..5o
Kelly, James Kerr. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1819
Kelly, James Madison. Am. law. and statesman. 1/95 1849
Kelly, John. American lawyer and historian 1786 1860
Kelly, John. American statesman 1821 1886
Kelly, Jonathan F. Am. author and lecturer 1818 1854
Kelly, Patrick. Irish K. C. bishop and educator 1829
Kelly, Kobert. Am. educator and philanthrojjist. 1808 1856
Kelly, Kobert M. Am. soldier, jour., pub. officer. 1836 —
Kelly, \\illiam. Am. lawyer and Senator 1770 1832
Kelly, William. American philanthropist 1807 1872
Kelly, William. Am. inventor and manufacturer. 18U 1888
Kelpins, John. German mystic philosopher 1673 1708
Kelsieff, Basil Ivanovitch. Russian rev. writer.. 1835? 1872
Kelso, Thomas. Irish R. R. director, man. in Am 1784 1878
Kelton, John C. American soldier, inventor 1828
Kemeys, Edward. American sculptor 1S43 —
Kemhle, Charles. English actor 1775 1854
Kemble, Frances Anne. English actress 1809
Kemble, Gouvernenr. Am. manuf., diplomatist. 1786 1875
Kemble, John M. Eng. Anglo-Saxon scholar 1807 1857
Eemble, John P. Eng.trag. Bro.of Mrs. Siddons 1757 1823
Kemeny,Sigmuud, Baron. Hungarian author... 1816 1875
Kemp, James, scot. P. E. bp., edu., auth. in Am. 1764 1827
Kemp, Johu. Scottish educator in America 1763 1812
Kemp, William M. Am. physician and author 1814 1886
Kempelen, von, Wolfgang, Baron. Hung. mech. 1734 1804
Kemper, Jackson. American P. E. bishop 1789 1870
Kemper, James L. American soldier, statesman. 1823 —
Kemper, Reuben. American soldier, adventurer 1770 1826
Kemper, Sophia Cornelia. Sister of Bp. Kemper 1777 1879
Kempis, a, Thomas. Ger. abbot of Mt. St, Agnes. 1379 1471
Kempster, Walter. Eng, soldier, phys, in Am. .. 1812 ,.,
Kempt, James, Sir. Scot, soldier and statesman. 1765 1855
Ken, Thomas. English prelate. Bp. of Bath 1637 1710
Kendal, Margaret. English actress 1849 —
Kendall, Amos. Am. journalist and politician.,. 1789 1869
Kendall, George Wilkins. American journalist.. 1807 1867
Kendall, Bion Freeman. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1827 1863
Kendall, Edward Hale. American architect 1842 —
Kendrick, Asahel Clark. Am. scholar, author. .. 1809 —
Kendrick, Clark. Am. Baptist cl. and educator. 1775 1824
Kendrick, Henry Lane. Am. soldier and edu — isll 1891
Kendrick, James Ryland. Am. Bapt. cl., author. 1821 —
Kendrick, John. American navigator 1745 1800
Kendrick, Nathaniel. Am. Bapt.cl. and edu 1777 1848
Kendrick, Peter Richard. Irish R. C. Abp. in Am 1806 —
Kenly , John Reese. Am. lawyer and soldier 1822
Kenna, John Edward. Am. lawyer and statesm'n 1818 .. .
Kennaday, John. Am M. E.cl. and orator 1800 1863
Kennan, George. Am. traveler and author 1845
Kennedy, Alfred L. Am. phys., lecturer, soldier. 1818
Kennedy, Archibald. Scotch publicist in Am 1763
Kennedy, Benjamin Hall. Eng. classical scholar 1804 1889
Kennedy, Cranimond. Scot, sold., lect. au. in Am 1842
Kennedy, John Alexander. Am. public oflicer,,. . 1803 1873
Kennedy, Jnnn P. Am, statesman and author — 1795 1870
Kennedy, Joseph Camp U. Am. statistician 1813 1887
Kennedy Samuel. Scot Presby. cl., edu. in Am. 1720 1787
Kennedy; William. Scot. dip., authorln Am 1799 1849
Kennedy, VVilliam Meggs. Am. M. E. clergyman. 1773 1840
Kennedy, W illiam Nassau. Canadian soldier 18S9 1885
Kennedy, William S. Am. Congreg. cl., author... 1822 1861
Kenner Duncan F. Am. statesman, millionaire. 1813 1887
Kennicott, Benjamin, English Biblical critic. .. 1718 1783
Kenny Ednard,Slr. Irish statesman in Canada. 1800
Kenrick, Francis Patrick, Am. R. C. prelate..., 1797 1863
Kensett, John Frederick. American artist 1816 1872
Kent, Edward A., Duke of Father of Qu. Victoria 1(67 1820
Kent, Aratus Am. Presby. clergyman, benefactor 1794 1869
Kent, Edward, .im. lawyer and statesman. 1802 1877
Kent, James. American jurist 1763 1847
Kent, Joseph. Am. physician and statesman 1/(9 1837-
Kent, Moss. Am. law.ver and statesman ....
Kent Wm. Fd. of Eng. style of landscape gard... looo? 1748
Kent, William. Am. lawyer and educator 1802: 1861
Kenton, Simon. General. American pioneer 1(55 1836
Kenyon, Llovd.Lord. British jurist........ .373.3 I8OJ
Kenyon, Jaiiies Benjamin. Am. M. E.cl. and poet 1858 —
Kenyon, William Asbury. American poet 1817 1S(.2
Keogh, James. Ir. R. C. cl.. edu.. jour, in Am. ,.. 18.34 18,0
Keokuk. Watehdd Fox. Chief of Sacs and Foxes. 1780 1848
Kephart, Ezekiel Boring. Am. bp. of the U. B... 1834
Kepler, Johann. Cierman astronomer 15/1 Kj.u
Keppel, Augustus. Viscount. Eng. admiral 1725 1786
Keppel, George. 3d Earl of Albemarle. Eng. sol. 1724 1772
Keppel, Henry, Sir. British admiral 1809 ...
Ker, Henrv. American traveler 1785 ._..
Ker, John." British bibliographer 1740 1804
Kferatry de, Auguste Hilanon. French author 1769 1859
K6ratry de, Charles .\., Chevalier. Fr.sol.inAm 1753 1794
K E R A T R Y — K I r» K L A N D
1 759
BOKN DIED
KSratry, de, Emile. Comte. Fr. so!., politician.. 1832
Kerckhove, LoruuE W. Dutch nal. luitl iuuhor.... 17h5 1839
Kerfoot Jobu B. Irish P. E. bp. and edu. iu Am. 1S16 1!>81
Kergorlay, Ives Guy French soldier 17.5U 1795
Kerguelen-Tremarec, de. Yves J. Fr. navigator 1744 1797
Kerleric, de, Louis B. Fr. nav offl., gov.in Am.. 1704 1770
Kernan, Francis. Am. lawyer and statesman. ... 181G ....
Kerner, Andreas Justinus. "German lyric poet. . . 1780 1862
Kerney, Martin Joseph. Am. edu.. an. and ed. . . 1819 1861
Kernot, Henry. Eng. bibliographer in America. 1806 1874
Keroualle, de, Eloi F. L. W. Indian statesman. . 1772 1831
Kerr, James. Scottish jurist in Canada 1764 1S40
Kerr, John. Am. Baptist cl. and statesman 1782 1842
Kerr, John. American jurist.... 1879
Kerr, John Leeds. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1809 1878
Kerr, Joseph. American Senator
Kerr, Jlichael Crawford. Am. lawyer and states. 1827 1876
Kerr, Washington C. Am. geologist and edu 1827 1885
Kersaint, de, Armand G. S., Count. Fr. mariner. 1742 1793
Kershaw, Joseph B. Am, lawyer states, soldier.. 1822 ...
Kerverseau, de, Antoiue X.. Baron. Fr. soldier. 17.51 1802
KervUer, ReniJ P. Fr. archaol.. biblio.sirapher.:. 1812
Kervynde Lettenhove, Joseph.M.B.C.Belg.states 1817
Kessels, Matthias. Dutch sculptor 1781 183«
Ketcham, John H. American soldier, statesman. 1831 ....
Ketcham, Leauder Smith. American jurist 1818 1870
Ketchum, .\nnie Chambers. Am.edu. authoress. 1824
Ketchum, William Scott. American soldier 1813 1871
Ketchum, Winthrop W. Am. edu , lawyer, states 1820 l.s79
Kettell, Samuel. Am. editor, auth. and linguist. 180U IriTa
Kettler, von, Wilhelm Emanuel. German prelate 1811 1877
Kewley, John. Eng. clergyman in America 1770 1816
Key, David McKendree. Am. law. and statesman 1824
Key, Francis Scott. Am. poet 17.S0 1843
Key, John Ross. Am. artist 1837 ....
Key, Philip. Am. statesman and agriculturist. 1750 1820
Key. Philip Barton. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1757 1815
Key, Philip Barton. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1804 1854
Key, Thomas Hewitt. Eng. philologist 1799 1S75
Key, Thomas Marshall. Am. law. and statesman. 1819 ISC?
Keyes, Edward L. Am. physician and educator.. 1843
Keyes, Emerson Willard. Am. lawver. educator. l.'*28 ...
Keyl, Ernst G. W. Ger. Lutheran cl. in Am 1S04 187S
Keys, Erasmus D. Am. soldier, viniculturist. .. 1810
Keyser, Epbraim. .\merican sculptor 1850 ....
Keyser, de, Xicaise. Belgian painter 1813 1887
Keyser, Peter Dirck. .\m. mineraloe.. surg., lee. l>^:-'»5
Khanikoff, de, Nicholas. Russian orientalist 1819 1878
Khusro I, Malik. Sassanide king of Persia 67i*
Khusro II, Parwiz. Kingof Persia 62s
Kidd, William. Scotch navigator and Am. pirate 16.50t 1701
Kidd, William. English naturalist 1803 1867
Kidder, Daniel Parish. Am. M.E.cl., edu.andedl 1815
Kidder, Frederic. Am. antiquarian and author... 1804 1885
Kiddle, Heurv. Eng. edu. and author in Am 1824 ....
Kiddoo, Joseph B. American soldier 1840 1880
Kiderlen, William Lud'g J. Ger. dip., edi. in .'\m 1813 1877
Kidwell, Zedekiah. Am. phys.. lawyer, statesm. j814 1872
Kiefer, Herman. Ger. phys. and diplo. in .\m 1825 ....
Kiefer, Moses. American D. Ref.cl. and educator 18H
Kieft, Wilhelm. Dutch governor in America IfiOO 1647
Kielland, Alexander L. Norwegian author 1849 ....
Kielmeyer, von, Karl Friedrich. Ger. naturalist 1765 1844
Klen Lung or Klen Leung. Emperor of China. .. 1710 1799
Kiepert, Heinrich. German geograi.her l.sis ....
Kiernan, J.^mes L. Am sur., educ. diplomatist.. 1N37 1.S69
KUbourne, James. Am. P. E. cl., pio.. states'u... 1770 1850
Kilbournf John. Am. educator and publisher.. 1787 1831
Kilhournc, Payne K. Am. author and journalist 1815 1859
Kilburn, Charles L. -\merican soldier 1819 ....
Kllian, Lukas. German engraver 1579 1637
Killen, William. Irish jurist in America 1722 1805
Kililgiew, Anne. Eng. poetess and artist 1660 1685
KO, atrick, Hugh Judson. American general 1836 1881
Kilty, Augustus H. Am. naval officer 1807 l.<79
Kimball, Edgar A. Am. journalist and soldier... 1.S21 l.s63
Kimball, Gilman. .\m. surgeon and educator 1804
Kimball, Harriet McEwen. American poet LS34 ....
Kimball, Heber Chase. Am. Mormon leader 1801 1.868
Kimball, Increase. American inventor. . ...' 1777 1856
Kimball, James P. Am. geol.. metallurgist 1836 ....
Kimball, James W. American author 1812 1885
Kimball, Joseph H. American author and editor 1813 1838
Kimball, Richard Burleigh. American author... 1816
Kimball, Sumner I. Am. supt. life-sav. service. . 18,34
Klmberly, John W., earl of. Eng. statesman 1826
Kimberly, Lewis A. American naval olflcer 1830
XimcM or KimM, David. Fr. Hebrew scholar 1240
Kincaid, Charles Easton. American iournalist. . 1855 . . .
Kincald, John. American lawver and statesman 1791 1863
Kinc, Johann Friedrich. German Avriter 1768 1843
Kindler, Albert. German printer 1833 1.873
King, Alouzo. .\m. Baptist clergyman and author 1796 1835
King, .\ustin A. .\merican lawyer and statesman 1801 1870
King, Benjamin F. .^mcrica_ lawyer and soldier 1830 1868
King, Charles. Am. educator, journalist and stat. 1789 1867
King, Charles. American soldier and educator. . 1844 ....
King, Charles B. Am. artist and benefactor 1785 1862
King, Clarence. American geologist 1842
ROEN DIEO
King, Cyrus. American lawyer and statesman... 1772 1817
King, Dan. Am. phys., inv.. statesman and author i791 1864
King, Daniel Putnam. American statesman ISO! 1856
King, David. American physician 1774 1830
King, David. Americauphys..bibliologist. writer 1812 1882
King, David B. American lawyer and educator.. 1848
King, Edward. American jurist 1794 1873
King, Edward, American lawyer 1795 1836
King, Edward. .American author IMS ...
King, Frederic G. Eng. physician, lectureriu Am. 1801 1829
King, Gamaliel. American architect. 17C0 1865
King, Henry Lord Page. American soldier 1831 1862
King, Horatio. American journalist. P. M. Gen.. 1811
King, Horatio C. American lawyer, sold'r. author 1837 .,
King, James Gore. Am, statesnian and banker,,, 1791 1863
King, John. English evangelist in America 1750 18S0
King, John Alsop. American statesman 1788 1867
King, John C, Scottish sculptor in America 1806 1882
King, John Glen. Am. lawyer and statesman 1787 1857
King, John H. American soldier 1818
King, John Pendleton. Am. lawyer and statesm. 1799 1888
King, Jonas. Am. edu., miss, and mvr. in Greece 1792 1869
King, Joshua Ingersoll. American Senator 1801 1887
King, Louise Woodward. American benefactress 1850 1878
King, Mary. Am., wife of Eufus King, statesman 1769 1819
King, Mitchell. Scot. law. aud edu. iu America. 1783 1862
King, Peter. English jurist and Lord Chancellor 1669 1734
King, Preston. American lawer and statesman.. 1806 1865
King, Richard John. Eng. author and antiq 1879
King, Rufus. American statesman 1755 18Ss7
King, Rufus. American soldier and journalist... 1814 1876
King, Eufus H. American banker 1784 1867
King, Samuel. Americanartist 1749 1820
King, Samuel, Jr. Am. East India merchant
King, Samuel Archer. American aeronaut 1828
King, Thomas Butler. American statesman 1804 1864
King, Thomas D. Am. soldier and statesman 1779 1854
King, Thomas Starr. Am. divine aud author 1824 1863
King, William. Am. statesman; first gov. of Maine 1738 1852
King, William Rufus. Vice pres. of the U, o 1786 1853
King, WllliRm Sterling. Am. soldier, statesman, 1818 1882
ningdom, John M Am. dramatic writer 1876
Kingdon, Hollingsworth T Eng. P. E. bp. in Can. 1837
Kinglake Alexander William, Eng. historian... 1811
Kingsborougll, Edward K.. Viscount. Eng. arch. 1795 1837
Kingsbury, Cyrus. Am. Presbyterian missionary. 1786 1870
Kingsbury, Jacob. Am. soldier 1755 1837
Kingsley, Calvin Am M. E. bishop and educator 1812 1870
Kingsley, Charles Rev English author 1819 1875
Kingsley, Henry. English author 1824 1876
Kingsley, James Luce. American Latin scholar. 1778 1852
Kingsley, \N'illlairi Charles. American contractor 1833 1885
Kingston, Elzaheth C. Dutchess of. Eng. beautv 1720 1788
Kingston, Willian H. G. English writer for boy's 1814 1880
Klnkel, Johanti Gottfried. German author 1815 1882
Kinloctl, Cleland. American statesman 1759 1823
Klnlocll, Francis. Am. soldier and statesman... 17.55 1826
Kinloch, Robert A. Am. physician and inventor. 1826
Kinne, Aaron. Am Cong, clergyman and author 1745 1824
Kinnersley. Ebenezer. Eng. elect, and lect., .\m 1711 1778
Kinney, Coates .\m. law., jour., stats, and poet. 1826
Kiiiney, Elizabeth Clementine. .-Vni. author 1810
Kinney, John Fitch. American jurist 1816
Kinney, Jonathan Kendrlck. Am. law. and sol.. 1843
Kinney, William Burnet. Am. jour, and diplom. 1799 1380
Kinnison. David. Am. statesman and soldier. .. 17:j6 1851
Kinsella, Thomas Irish jour, and pub. offi.ia Am 1832 1884
Kinsey, .James. American jurist 1731 1803
Kinsey, John. American jurist 1693 1750
Kinzie, John. Can. First white settler in Chicago 1763 1828
Kinzie, John Harris. Canadian pioneer 1803 1865
Kinzie, Juliette Augusta. American authoress... 1806 1870
Kip, Leonard. American lawyer and author 1826
Kip, William Ingraham. American P. E, bishop, 1811
Kipling, Riidyard. English author 1865
Kippis Andrew Ens, dissenting min. and biog. 1725 1795
Kirby, Edmund, American soldier 1840 1863
Kirty, Ephraim. American soldier and jurist... 17.57 1804
Kirby, J. Hudson Americanactor 1819 1848
Kirby, Reynold Marvin, Am, soldier 1790 1S42
Kirby, William, Eng. entomologist 1759 1850
Kirby, Wii i- m. Eng. iournalist. author in Can, 1817 ,. .
Kircner, .^.thanasius. Ger. Egyptologist, philos.. 1602 1680
Kirchhoff, Chanes W. H. Am.min engin r. editor 18."i3 —
Klrchhoff, Gnstav Robert. Ger. physicist 1824 1887
Klrchhoff, Johann William Adolf. Ger. philologist 1826 ....
Kirchmaier, Georg Kasper. Ger. chemist 1635 1700
Kirk, Edward Norris. Am. cl. and author 1802 1874
Kirk, Ellen Warner Olney. Am. authoress 1842 ....
Kirk, John Foster. Am.author and editor 1824 ...
Kirkaldy. William, Sir. Scot, soldier. Hanged.. 1518 1570
Kirkbide. Thomas Story. Am. phys. writer. 1809 1883
Ki"ke, David, Sir. English colonial adventurer.. 1596 I6o6
Kirkland, Caroline M., born Stansbury. \m. auth 1801 1864
Kirkland, Elizabeth S. Am. educator, authoress
Kirkland, John Thornton. Pres. Harv. College . 17.0 1840
Kirkland, Joseph. American soldier and authur 1830 ....
Kirkland, Samuel. Am.cl, Foun, of Ham, Col. . 1741 180S
Kirkland, Thomas. Irish educator, lee, author.. 1835 ....
1760
K I R K L A N D — K U N G
BORN DIED
Kirkland, William. Am. edu., editor and author ISOO 1846
Kirkman, Marshall Monroe. Am. R. R. officer. . . 1842 ....
Klrkpatrick, -Vndruw. American jurist 1756 1831
Kirkpatrick, George .iirey. Cau..la\vyer.states"n 1.S41 —
Kirkpatrick, Jane Bayard. Am. authoress 1772 1S61
Klrkpatrick, John I. yean. Presby.cl. and edu. . . 1S13 1885
Klrkpatrick, Littleton. American lawyer 1797 1859
Kirksten, Peter. Germau phys. and orientalist.. 1577 1640
Klrkwood, Daniel. American mathematician — 1814
Kirkwood, James Pugh. Scot, civil eug. in Am.. 1807 1877
Klrkwood, Robert. Scottish clergyman in Am. .. 1793 1866
Kirkwood, Samuel Jordan. Gov. Iowa. U. S. Sen 1.S13
Kirtland.Jared Potter. Am. phys. scien., edu .. 1793 1877
Kirwan, Richard. Irish chemist and Kcologist. .. 1750? 1812
Kisfaludy, K;'irolv. Hungaran dramatist 1790 1831
Klsfaludy, S.lndor. Bro.oi Knnlu. Hungar. poet 1772 1844
Kiss, August. Prussian sculptor 1802 1865
Kissam, Richard Sharpe. Am. phys. and lith. . . . 1763 1822
Kitcliell, Aaron. American statesman 1744 18a0
KitcMn, Geo. Wm. Eng. div. Dean of Winchester 1827 —
Kitcllilier, Wm. English physician 1777? 1827
KitcUng, John Benj. Am. merchant and banker 1813 1887
Kitto.John. English Bilbical writer 1804 1854
Kittredge, Jonathan. Am. jurist and temp. lec. . 1793 1864
Kittredge, Thomas. Xm. surgeon and statesman 1746 1818
Kioeping, Olaus. Swedish explorer and surg.. . 1741 1809
Klaczko, Julian. Polish author 1826 —
Klapka, Gvfirgv. Hungarian generaj 1820 —
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Ger. phys., chemist 1743 1817
Klaproth, von, Heiurich Julius. Ger. orientalist 1783 1835
Kleber, Jean Baptiste. French general 17.53 1800
Klein, Gustav Frederic. Ger. miss, and historian 1708 1771
Klein, Jakob Theodor. German naturalist 1685 1752
Klein, Johan Adam. German painter 1792 1875
Klein, Julius Leopold. Ger. dram, and lit. his. . . 1804 1876
Kleist, von, Ewald Christian. Ger. poet 1715 1759
Kleist, von, Heinrich. Ger. poet and novelist.. 1776 1811
Klengel, Jnluniu christian. Ger. painter 1751 1824
Klenze, von. Leo. Ger. architect 1784 1851
Klingenstlerna, Samuel. Swed. mathematician. 1698? 1765
Klinger, von, Fried. M. Ger. dram., nov.. soldier 1753 1831
Klingsonr, John Augustus. Ger clergyman in Am 1746 1798
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb. German poet — 1724 1803
Klotz, Christian Adolph. Ger. scholar and critic 17:W 1771
Kluber, Josef Ludwig. Ger. jurist and politician 1762 1837
Kluber, Melchior. Ger. chaplain and explorer. .. 1713 1764
Kluburg, Minna. Ger. poetess in America 1841 1878
Kmety, George. Hungarin and Turkish general.. 1810 1865
Knapp, Francis. Eng. musical composer, poet.. . 1672 1715
Knapp, Georg Chnstiati. German theologian.. . 1753 1825
Knapp, Jacob. Eliirr Knapp. Am. Bp. revivalist 1709 1874
Knapp, Jacob Herman. Prus. surg. lect. and an. . 1832 ....
Knapp, Ludwig Friedrich. German chemist 1814 ....
Knapp, Mathias. Gr. explorer and scientist 1752 1814
Knapp, Samuel L. Am. lawyer, soldier, author. . 1783 1838
Knaus, Ludwig. German author 1829 ....
Kneass, Strickland. American civil engineer 1821 1884
Knebel, von, Karl Ludwig. German author 1744 1834
Kneeland, Ahner. American journalist 1774 1844
Kneeland. Samuel. Am. phvs, and naturalist — 1821 —
Kneller, Godfrev, Sir. Ger. portrait ptr. in Eng. 1646 1723
Knlckerbacker, David Buel. Am. P.E.cl. and ed 1833 —
Knickerbocker, Herman. Am. law. and statesm. 1782 1845
Knickerbocker, Johannes. Am. sol. and statesm. 1749 1827
Knigbt, Daniel Ridgeway. American artist — 1845 —
Knight, Edward C. Am. R. R. pres. and statesm. 1813 —
Kniglit, Edw. H. Eng. mechanical expert in Am. 1824 1883
Knight, Cvrus Frederic. American P. E. btshop. 1821 —
Knigbt, Charles. English editor and author 1791 1873
Knight, Frederick. American educator, poet — 1791 1849
Knight, Heurv Cogswell. American poet 178S 18:55
Knight, James. .\m. physician and inventor 1810 1S87
Knight, Jonathan. Am. surgeon and educator. . . 1789 1864
Knight, Nehemiah Rice. American statesman. . 1780 1854
Knight, Richard Payne. English antiquary 1750 1824
Knight, Sarah, .\merican educator 1666 1727
Knight, Thomas A. BruthrvR.P. Eng. veg. phys 1758 1&38
Knipperdolling, Bernhard. German fanatic 1536
Knobel, Karl August. German theologian 1807 1863
Knollys, Hansard. Eng. Baptist cl. in Am 1598 1691
Knortz, Karl. Prussian author 1841 ....
Knott, James Proctor. Am. Con Gov. of Ky — 1830 —
Knowles, James. Eng. architect and editor 1831 ....
Knowles, James Davis. Am. Baptist cl. and editor 1798 18.S8
Knowles, James Sheridan. Irish dramatist 1781 1862
Knowles, Lucius James. American inventor 1819 1884
Knowlton, Heleu Mary. American artist 1832
Knowlton, Miles Justin. American Bap. miss 1825 1874
Knowlton, Paul H. .im. statesman in Can 1787 1863
Knox, George W. Am. miss, and educ. in Japan. 1874 —
Knox, Henry. Am. Revolutionary general 1750 1806
Knox, Hugh*. Irish educ, clergyman in Am 1733 1790
Knox, James Am. lawyer and philanthropist. .. 1807 1876
Knox, John. Scottish religious reformer 1505 1572
Knox, John. Am. Reformed Dutch clergyman .. 1790 1858
Knox, John J. Am. bank pres., sol., statesman., . 1791 1876
Knox, John Jav. Am. compt'ler of the currency. 1828 1892
Knox, Samuel R. American naval officer 1811 1883
Knox, Thomas W. Am. traveler and journalist... 1835 —
BORN DIED
Knox, William. Irish statesman in America.- .- . 1732 1810
Knut. See C.inute.
Knyphausen, von, William, Baron. Ger. general 1716 1800
Knyphausen, Dodo Heury. Baron. Ger. general. 1730 1789
Kobell, von, Franz. Ger. mineralogist and poet 1803 1882
Koch, Albert. German physician 1840
Koch, H. A. German classical scholar 1829 1876
Koch, Karl Heinrich Emanuel. Ger. naturalist. . 1809 1879
Kock, de, Charles Paul. Fr. novelist and dram... 1794 1871
Kock, de, Henri. Son oj Charles Paul. Fr.nov.,,. 1821
Koehler <»■ Kohler, Alex. D. Ger. botanist in Am 1762 1828
Koehler, Johanu David. German writer 1684 1755
Koehler, John Daniel. Ger. Moravian bishop 1737 1805
Koehler, Robert. German artist in America 1850 ....
Koehler, Sylvester Rosa. German author in Am. 1837 ...
Koekkoek, Bernard Cornells. Dutch landscape pr. 1803 1862
Koenig, George Augustus. Ger. chem.and min.. 1845 ..,.
Koenlg, Juan R. S.Am, scientist and inventor 1623 1709
Koeppen, Adolphus Louis. Dan. edu., lec. in Am. 1804 1873
Koerle, B. C-lerman painter 1823 1875
Koerner, Gustav. Ger. jurist and soldier in Am.. 1809
Kohl, Johanu Georg. German author 1808 1878
Koillmann, .\nthony. Fr. Jesuit and edu. in Am 1771 1838
Kohne, Frederick. Prussian philanthropist in Am 1757 1829
Kolbe, Adolf Wilhelm Hermann. Ger. chemist. . 1818 1884
Kolcsey, Ferencz. Hung, poet, orator and critic. 1790 1838
KoUar, Jan. Hungarian poet and scholar 1793 1852
Kblliker, Rudolf Albrecht. Swiss physiologist. . . 1817
Kollock, Henry. Am. Presby. cl. and educator. . . 1778 1819
Kollock, Mary. American artist and educator. . . 1840 —
Kollock, Shepard. Am. journalist and statesman 1750 1839.
Kollock, Shepard K. Am Presby. cl. and educator 1795 1865
Komarof, .Vlexandre V. Russian general 1832 ....
Kondiarank, "Rat." Indian chief in Canada 1701
Konlg, Friedrich. Ger. inv. of steam print, press 1775 1833
Konigsniark, von, Maria Aurora. Countess 1668? 1728
Konschak, Ferdinand, Count. Hung. Jesuit auth 1703 1760
Kopernik. See Copekxiccs.
Koppen, Friedrich. German philosopher 1775 1858
Koquethagachton, "White Eyes." Indian chief 1778
Korner, Karl Theodor. Gernian poet 1791 1813
Kosciusko, Thaddeus. Polish patriot 1746 1817
Kosegarten, Johanu G. L. German orientalist... 1792 1862
Kossuth, Louis (i/H"f7. LajasL Hung, statesman. . 1.806
Koster, Henry. English explorer and colonist.. . 1793 1820
Koster, Loureus Janszoon. See Coster.
Kotzebue, von, August Friedrich F. Ger. dram. 1761 1819
Kotzebue, von. Otto. Russian navigator 1787 1846
Koublai Khan. See Kvblai-Khan.
Kouns, Nathan C. Am. lawyer, author, soldier. . LIvtS —
Kountz, John S. American soldier 1846
Kraas, Karl Nicolaus. Ger. writer on agricul... 1810 1875
Kraft, Henrv. Ph. D. German chemist 1.801 1868
Krafft-Ebing, de, Richard. Baron. Ger. phys — 1840 —
Kraltsir, Charles. Hun. educator and lecturer. 1804 1860
Kranach,von. See Cranach. von.
Krapotkin, Peter .\.. Prince. Russian anarchist. 1842 —
Krasicki, Ignacy. Polish prelate and writer 17.35 1801
Kraalnskl, Waleryan, Count. Polish author 1780 1855
Kraszewskl, J6zef Ignacy. Polish author 1812 1887
Kraus, Christian Jacob. German economist 1753 1807
Krause, Karl Christian Friedrich. Ger. philos, .. 1781 1832
Krautbauer, Francis X. Bav. R. C. bp. and edu, 1824 —
Krauth, Charles Porterfield. Am. divine, author 1823 1883
Krauth, Charles Philip. .\m. cl. and col. pres,.. 1777 1.S67
Krebs, John Michael. D. D. Am. Pres. clergyman 1804 1867
Krehbiel, Henry Edward, .\m. musical critic... 1854 ....
Kreliug von. Dr. August. Painter and sculptor. . 1819 1876
Kremer, Joseph. German philosopher 1808 1875
Kreutzer, Rudolph. German violinist and com.. 1766 1831
Kriegk, Georg Ludwig. German historian
Krimmel, John Lewis, tier, artist in .\merica... 1787 1821
Kroeger, .\dolph Ernst. Ger. jour., trans, in Am 1&37 1882
Krogstrupp, Otto Christian. Dan. Mor. cl.in Am 1714 1785
Krohn, Joseph Hyacinthe. French mariner 1766 182S
Krotel, Gotlob F. Ger. Luth. clerg. in America. . 1826
Krudener, de, Julie de v.. Baroness. Rus. mystic 1764 1824
Krug, Anna Charlotte. German authoress 1805 1877
Krug, Wilhelm T. German philosopher 1770 1S42
Kruger, K. W. German classical scholar 1796 1876
Krummacher, Friedrich A. Ger. fabulist, theol. 1768 1845
Krummacher, Friedrich Wilhelm. Ger. author. 1796 1868
Krummacher, Ciottfried Daniel. Ger. preacher. 1774 18.37
Krunitz, Johann Georg. Ger. encyclopedist 1728 1796
Krupp, Alfred. Ger. manuf. of steel guns, etc. ,. 1810 1887
Krusenstern, von, Adam J. Rus. navigator 1770 1846
Kryloff "1- Kriloff, Ivan A. Russian fabulist 1768 1844
Kryn. "Thr Great Mnhavk." Indian chief 1690
Kublai-Khan. Found, of Mongol dvn'y of China 1296
Kuenen, Abraham. Dutch prof., writer on Bible. 1828 ..
Kugler, Franz Theodor. Ger. writer ou art 1808 1858
Kuh, Emil. German poet and critic 1828 1876
Kuhn, Adalbert. German philologist 1812 1881
Kuhn, Adam. American phvsician and educator 1741 1817
Kuhn or Kino, Eusebius F. Aust. miss, in Mex.. . 1650 1711
Kuhne, Ferdinand G. German novelist 1806 ....
Kuhner, Raphael. German philologist 1802 1878
Kullak, Theodor. German musician 1818 1882
Kung, Prince. Chinese statesman 1833
KUNKEL — LANDA
1761
BORN
Kunkel, John Christian. Am. law. and statesm.. 1816
Kunth, Karl Sigismund. (ierman botanist 1788
Kuntze, Edward J. Prus, sculptor in America... 1826
Kunz, George Frederick. Am. mineralogist 1856
Eunze, John Christopher. Ger. Luth. cl.Vnd edu. 1744
Eunze, Richard E. Ger. phys. and writer in .\m. lSo8
Eurtz, Benjamin. Am. Luth. cl. and journalist. . 1795
Eurtz, Johaun H. Ger. theol. and church his 1809
Eurtz, John Daniel. Am. Lutheran clergyman... 1763
Eurtz, John D. .\m. soldier and civil engineer.. . 182*2
Eurtz, John Nicholas. Ger. edu. and Lutheran cl 1720
Eurz, Heinrich. German author, born in Paris.. 1805
Eutuzoff, Mikhail. Pr. of Sniolenskoi. Ru. gen.
Eutzing, Friedrich T. German naturalist
Euyp See Cuyp.
Euypers, Warmuldus. Dutch clergyman in Am
Eyan, John H._ English inventor in America
1745
1807
1732
1775
Kyrle, John. English philanthropist 1664
DIED
1870
1850
1870
1807
1865
1856
1877
1794
1873
1813
1797
1850
1764
L
Laar, van, Pleter. H Bambmvin. Dutch painter. 1.582 1642
La'oadle, de, Jean. French mystic IGio 1674
Labagh, Isaac P. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1804 1879
Eabagh, Peter, .\merican clergyman 1773 1868
Labarbinais leGentU, Etieuue M. Fr. explorer. 1685 1731
Labaree, Benjamin. Am. clergyman, educator.. . 1801 1883
Labat, Jean Baptist. French missionary 1663 1738
Labat.Leon, French physician 1803 1847
Labe, Louise. Lahdle Vm-dih-t . French poetess. 1526 1566
La Bedolllere, de, Emile Gigault. French author 1814 188:i
La Bedoyere, de, Charles H., Count. Fr. general 1786 1815
Laberge, Charles J. Can. statesman, journalist.. 1827 1874
Labezares, de, Guido. Spanish adventurer 1510 1580
Labiche, Kugi'ne Marin. French dramatist 1815 1888
La Billardiere, de, Jacques J, H. Fr. naturalist. .. 1755 1834
Lablacbe, Luigi. Italian singer 1794 1858
Laborde, de, Alex. L. J., Count. • Fr. pol., author. 1774 1842
Laborde, Leon E. S. J., Count. French art writer 1807 1869
La Borde, Maximilian. Am. jihysician and editor 1804 1873
Labouchere, Henry, Baron Tauuton. Eng. states. 1798 1869
Labouchere, Henry M. P. Eng. Radical journalist 1831 ....
Laboulaye, Ed. R. L. Fr. jurist aud hist, writer. . 1811 1883
Labourdonnals.de, Bertrand F.M. Fr. naval ofli. 1699 1753?
Labra, de, Rafael M. Cuban statesman, author. . 1841 ....
Labrie, James. Can. educator and statesman.... 17.83 1831
Labrouste, Pierre Francois Henri. Fr. architect. 1801 1875
La Bruere, de, Pierre Boucher. Can. journalist.. 1837
LaBruyere. See Bkuyere, de la, Jean.
La Caille, de, Nicolas Louis. Fr. astronomer 1713 1762
Lacepede, de, Bernard G. E.. Count. Fr. nat 1756 1825
La Cerda. Famous Spanish family (1269-1425).
Lacerda y Almeida, de, Fran. J. Braz. explorer. 17.50 1798
Lacey, John. Am. soldier aud statesman 1755 1814
Lacey, \Vm. Brittainhani. Am. cl. and educator. 1781 1866
LaCbalsed'Aix,de,Franfois, P. French Jesuit.. 1624 1709
Lachmann, Karl. Ger. critic and philologist — 1793 1851
Lachner, Franz. German musical composer 1804
Laclede, Pierre Ligueste. French pioneer in Am 1724 1778
Laclos, de, Pierre A. F. C. Fr. rev. and author. . . 1741 1809
Lacock, Abner. American statesman 1770 1837
Lacordaire, Jean B. H. Fr. divine and orator.. .. 1802 1861
Lacordaire, Jean Theodor. Fr.journ., author 1801 1870
La Corne de, Pierre Chevalier. French soldier
Lacoste, Alexander. Canadian statesman 1842 ....
Lacoste, de, Etienne P., Baron. Fr. statesman... 1730 1820
Lacour, .-inguste. West Indian magistrate 1795 1806
Lacretelle, de, Jean C. D. French historian 1766 1855
Lacretelle, de, Pierre L. Fr. jurist and writer... 1751 1824
Lacroix, de, Joseph F. P., Viscount. Fr. soldier. 1774 1841
Lacrolx, Paul. P. L. Jaeob, Bihlhiphlle. Fr. author 1806 1884
Lacroix, Sylvestre Francois. Fr. mathematician 1765 1843
Lacrosse, Jean B. R., Baron. Fr. naval officer 1765 1829
Lacruz. de, Juana Inez. Mexican poetess 1651 1695
Lactantius, Lucius C. F. Father of Latin church 260? 325?
Lacunza, Josi^ Maria. Mexican statesman, poet. . 1809 1869
Lacunza, Manuel S. Anierican Jesuit and author 1731 1801
Ladd, Catharine. American educator and author
Ladd, George Trumbull. Am. cl. and educator. . . 1842 ....
Ladd, Joseph Brown. Am. physician and author. 1764 1786
Ladd, William. American navigator 1778 1841
Ladislas or Ladislaus II. King of Poland 1350? 1434
Ladreyt, Casimir. French educator in America 1797 1877
Ladvocat, Jean Baptiste. Fr. Hebraist and writer 1709 1765
Laemlein, Alexandre. Bavarian-French painter. 1813 ....
Laennec, Rem;. Theodore ILmcinthe. Fr. phys ... 1781 1826
Laet, Jan. Flemish geographer 1649
La Farge, John. American artist 18:^ ....
La Farge, Marie Cappelle. Supposed Fr. poisoner 1810 1852
La Farina, Giuseppe. Italian historian 1815 1863
Lafayette, Cieorge Wash. Fr. soldier and states.. 1779 1849
Lafayette, de, Marie J. P.,Marq. Fr. gen. Am. Rev im 1834
LaflBtte, Jacques. Fr. banker and politician 1767 1844
Lafitau, Joseph Francois. Fr. Jesuit missionary. 1670 1740
Lafltte, Jean. Fr. corsair of the Gulf of Mexico.. . 17.80? 1826
Laflamme, Tonssaint A. R. Can. statesman 1827 —
Lafleche, Louis Franfois R. Can. K. C. bishop — 1818 —
Lafond de, Lurcy Gabriel. Fr. explorer and auth 1802 1876
BORN DIED
Lafont, Pierre Cheri. French actor ISOI 1873
La Fontaine, de, Jean. Fr. fabulist and poet 1621 1695
Lafontaine, Louis H., Sir. Bart. Can.sta»es 1807 1864
Lafonte, .\nnet. Fr. R. C. cl. and educator 1812 1875
Laforey, Francis, Sir, Bart. Am. nav. offl. inEng 1760 1835
Lafosse, de, Charles. French historical painter. 1636 1716
Lafragua, Jose M. Mex. educator, statesman 1813 1875
La Fuente ")■ Lafuente, Modesto. Sp. historian. 1806
La Fuente y , .\lcantara M. Spanish historian.. . . 1.817 1850
Lagos, Mauoel F. Brazilian lecturer aud author. 1816 1867
Lagrandlere, de. Charles M. W. In. naval officer 1729 1812
Lagrange, de, Joseph L., Comte. Fr. geom., astr 1736 1813
La Grange, de, Joseph de Chancel. French poet. 1677? 1768
Lagravlere, de, Jurien P. R. Fr. nvl. offi., auth. 1772 1849
La Guerra, de, Pablo D. Californian jurist 1874
La Hailandiere, Celest. R. L. Ci. de. Fr. R.C. bp. 1798 1882
La Harpe, de, Jean Francois. Fr. dramatist 1739 1803
Lahire, de, Philippe. French geometer 1640 1719
La Hontan, de, Armand L. de D. Fr. exp. in Am. 1667 1715
Laldlie, Archibald. Scotch D. Ref. cl. in Am 1727 1779
Laighton, Albert. American poet 1829 1887
Laine, Joseph H. J., Visconnt. Fr. statesman 1767 1835
Laing, Alexander CJordon. Scot. trav. in Africa. . 1794 1826
Laing, David. Scotch antiquarian and bibliog... 1792 1878
Lalng, Malcolm. Scottish historian 1762 1818
Laird, Alexander. Scottish statesman in Canada 1798 1873
Laird, David. Can. statesman and editor 1833
Lalsant, Charles Anne. French politician 1841
Lajetchnikoff, Ivanlvanovitch. Russian novelist 18507
Laioie, .A.ntoine Gerin. Can. lawyer and author. 1824 1879
Lakanel, Joseph. French educator in America. . 1762 1845
Lake, Gerard, visconnt. Brit, general in India. . 1744 1808
Lakey, Emily Jane. Am. educator and artist 1837 ....
Lalande, de, Joseph J. L. French astronomer. .. 1782 1807
La Landelle, de, Guillaume J. G. S. Am. author. 1812
Lallemand, Charles F. A., Baron. French general 1774 1839
Lallemand, Claude Francois. Fr. phys. and surg 1790 1854
Lallemant, Ciahriel. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Canada. 1610 1649
Lallemant, Ji'rome. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Canada.. 1593 1673
Lally, Thomas A., Count. Fr. general in India... 1702 1766
Lally-Tollendal, de, T. G., Marq. Fr. politician 1751 1S3S
Lalor, Teresa. R. C. mother superior in America. 1766 1816
La Loutre, de, Louis Jos. Fr. R. C. <'.l. in America 1690 1770
Lamar, Lucius Quintus CincinnatiiS. Am. jurist 1797 1834
Lamar, Lucius Q. C. Justice U. S. Sup. Court 1825
Lamar, MlrabeauBounaparte. Am. sol. and diploni 179s 1859
Lamarck, de, Jean B. P. A. de M. Fr. naturalist. 1744 1829
La Mardelle, de, Ciuillaume F. \v. Indian jurist. 1732 1813
La Marmora, de, Alfonso, JIarq. It. gen., statesm 1804 1878
Latnar-PiCQUOt. N. French naturalist in Am 17S.5 1835
Lamarque, Jlaximilien, Count. Fr. gen. and pol. 1770 1832
Lamartine, de, Alphone M. L. Fr. au., pol. and or 1790 1869
Lamas, Andres. South American historian 1817 ....
Lamb, Charles. English essayistand humorist.. 1775 1834
Lamb, Edward. American actor 182S 1887
Lamb, Isaac Wixan. Am. invent'r and manufac'r 1840 ....
Lamb, John. American soldier and statesmau 1735 1800
Lamb, Martha Joanna R. N. American historian 1829
Lamb, Roger. Irish soldier and author 1756 1.S30
Lamballe, de, Marie Therese Louise. Princess... 1749 1792
Lambarde, William. English author 1636 1601
Lambdin, Alfred Cochran. Am. phys.audjourn.. 1816 ....
Lambdin, George Cochran, -\merican artist 1830
Lambdin, James R. American artist 1807
Lamber, Juliette. See Adam, Edmond, Mme.
Lambert, Daniel. Eng. giant who weighed 739 lbs 1769 1809
Lambert, Franfois. French religious reformer.. 1487 1530
Lambert, Johann Heinrich. Ger. physicist 1728 1777
Lambert, John. Eng. parliamentary general 1620 1692
Lambert, John. American statesman 1748 1823
Lambert, John, Sir. British general 1772 1847
Lambert, John. Eng. traveler and historian 1775
Lambert, L^'on Albert. French actor 1847
Lamberville, James. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Can , 1706
Lamberville, de. John. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Can
Lamennais, de, Hugues F. R., Abb6. Fr. writer. 1782 1854
Lametb, de, Alexandre. French, revolutionist. . 1760 1829
Lameth, Charles M. F. Fr. soldier in America... 1757 1832
Lameth, Count Theodore. Fr. soldier, writer 1766 1864
La Mettrie, de, Julien Oflray. Fr. philosopher.. 1709 1751
Lamm, Emile. French dentist and inventor 1834 1873
Lamoignon, de, Chretien F. French statesman. 1644 1709
Lamoriciere, de, Christophe L. L. J. Fr. gen l.S06 1.S65
La Motte-Foque, de. FnedrichH.K. Ger. poet. 1777 1843
La Mountain, John. American aeronaut 18.30 1878
Lamouroux, Jean Vincent Felix. French uat.. .. 1779 1825
Lampadius, Wilhelm A. German metallurgist... 1772 1842
Lamson, Alvan. Am. clergyman and author... . 1792 1864
Lamson, Daniel Lowell. Am. phys. and inventor 1834
Lamy, John Baptist. R. C. archbishop 1814
Lancaster, James, Sir. English navigator 1559? 1620
Lancaster, Joseph. English educationalist 1775 1838
Lancaster, Lydia. Eng. Quaker preacher in Am. 1684 1761
Lancastro y .ibreu M. V. S. .\m. adventuress.. .. 1682 1730
Lance, George. English painter 1802 1864
Lance, William. American adventurer.. 1682 1730
Lancelot, Dom Claude. French grammarian 1616? 1695
Lancisi, Giovanni M. Italian scholar. I'hvsician. 1654 1720
Landa, de, Diego. Spanish R. C. bishop 1524 1579
17G2
L A N D E N — L A U R I E
EOKN DIED
Landen, John. English mathematician 1719 1790
Lander, Vrederick \V. Am. civil eng. and explor 1821 1862
Lander, Jeau Margni-et D. Eng. actress in Am.. . 1829
Lander, Louisa. American sculptor 1826
Lander, Richard. English traveler in Africa — 1804 1,S34
Lander, Surah ^^■est. American authoress 1819 1872
Landers, Franklin. Am. merchant, congressman 1825
Landi, Giulio, Conte. Italian comic writer 1500 1.580
Landlni or Landino, Christoforo. Italian savant HM 1.504
Landivar, Raphael Cent. Am. Jesuit and author 1731 1795
Lando or Orlando, de, Francisco M. Sp. gov. P. E 1480 1539
Landolpae, John Francis. French navigator 1747 1825
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth. Euslish poetess 1804 1838
Landoi, Walter Savage. English author 1775 1864
Landreth, Olin Henrv. Am. engineer, astron — 18.52 —
Laudry, August C. P. Robert. Canadian author.. 1846 —
Landry, Pierre A. Canadian lawyer, statesman.. 1816
Lantlseer, Charles. English painter 1799 1S79
Landseer, Edwin H., Sir. Engish animal painter 1802 1873
Lane, .^mos. American lawyer, statesman 1778 1849
Lane, Ebenezer. American jurist 1793 1866
Lane, Edward William. English orientalist 1801 1876
Lane, George. American M. E. clergyman 1784 1859
Lane, George Washington. American edxicator. . 1815 1848
Lane, Henry Smith. Am. lawyer, statesman 1811 1881
Lane, James Henry. Am. soldier and statesman. 1M4 1866
Lane, Joel. Am. statesman and philanthropist. .. 1740 1795
Lane, John. American Methodist juoneer 17.S9 l.s.55
Lane, Jonathan H. .\ni. mathematician, astron.. 1819 1880
Lane, Lafayette. American lawyer, statesman. . . 1842
Lane, Ralph, Sir. Colonial governor of Virginia. 1530 1G04
Lanfranc. Archbishon of Canterlniry.W'r. theol. 1005? 1089
Lanfrey, Pierre. French historian 1828 1877
Lang, .-Vndrew. Eng. poet and essayist 1844
Lang, Gavin. Scotish cl. and educ. in Can 18.35
Lang, Hcinrich. German theologian 1826 1876
Lang, John Dunmore. Australian cl., statesm'n . 1799 1878
Lang, Louis. German artist in American .. 1812
Langbein, .\ugust Friedrich E. German author. 1757 1835
Langdell, Christoplier C. Am. lawyer and educ. 1826
Langdon,' John. American statesman 1739 1819
Langdon, Leander W. American inventor 18:13 1875
Langdon, Oliver Monroe. American physician.. 1817 1878
Langdon, Samuel. Am. clergyman, statesman... 1723 1797
Langdon, William C. Am. clergyman, author 1831 ....
Langdon, Woodbury. American* statesman 1739 1805
Lange, .Vlbert. German political agitator 1801 1869
Lange, Johann Peter. German theologian. 1802 1884
Langelier, Francois C. S. Canadian statesman.. . 1838 ...
Langerfeldt, Theodore O. Ger. architectural art. 1841
Langevin, Edmund C. H. Can. R. C. bishop 1824 ....
Langevln, Edward Joseph. Can. public officer.. IS-fS —
Langevin, Hector Louis, Sir. Can. statesman — Ifi^ti ....
Langevin, Jean Pierre F. La F. Can. R. C. bishop 1821
Langhorue, John. English poet and translator. . 1735 1779
Langlade, de, Charles Michelde. Fr. sold, in Am. 1729 1800
Langland or Langley, William. Eng. monk fl.Hthc.
Langley, John W. Am. scientist and educator... 1841
Langley, Samuel Pierpont. Am. astronomer 1834 ....
Langlois, Victor. French orientalist 1829 1869
Langmuir, John W odburn. Scot, official in Can. 1835
Langsdorff, de, George H., Baron. Ger. explorer. 1774 1852
Langston, John M. Am. lawyer and diplomatist. 1829
Langstroth, Lorenzo Lorraine. Am. cl.. apiarian 1810 ....
Langton, Stephen. Eng. prel. archbp. Canterbury 1166 1228
Langtry, Lillie. English actress 1852 —
Languet, Hubert. French political writer 1518 1.581
Lanier, Sidney. .American poet 1842 18S)
Lanigan, George Thomas. Can. (.el. oper., journ. 1845 1886
Laniuinais, Jean Denis. Freucn statesman 1753 1827
Lankester, Edwin. Eng. phys.and naturalist... 1814 1874
Lankester, Edwin Ray. Snn'offAlirin. Eng. zool 1847
Lanman, Charles. Am. journalist and author — 1819 ....
Lanman, Charles James. Am. lawyer, pub. offic'r 1795 1870
Lanman, James Henry. Am. lawyer and author. 1812 1887
Lanman, Joseph. Anierican naval officer 1811 1874
Lannes, Jean. Duke of Montebello. Marshal of Fr 1769 1809
La Noue, de, Francois. liras dc Fcr. Fr. soldier. 1531 1.^91
Lansdowne, Henry P. F. Third Marq. Eng. states 1780 1863
Lansdowne, Wm P.. first marq. of. Brit, states'n 1737 1805
Lansil, Walter F. American artist 1846 ....
Lansing, Dirck Cornelius. Am. cl. and educator. 1785 1.S57
Lansing, John. .American jurist 1754 1829
Lansing, Nicholas. Aniei'ican clergyman 1748 18;15
Lanters, Paul,. Belgian painter in water colors.. 1806 1875
Lantier, de, Etienne Fran(;'ois. French author.. 1734 1826
Lanza, Giovanni. Italian statesman 1815 1882
Lanzi, Luigi. It. antiquary and writer on art. . .. 1732 1810
Lao-tse or Lao-Tsetl. Chinese philosopher — B.C. 565?
La Peltrie, de, Marie M. Fr. educator in Canada 1603 1671
La Perouse, de, Jean F. de G.. Count. Fr. nav... 1741 1788
Lapham, Elbridge G. Am. statesmau, eugineer. . 1814 1890
Lapham, Increase .\. Am. physicist, naturalist. . 1811 1875
Lapham, William B. Am. physician and editor. . 182S ....
Laplace, de, Pierre S., Marquis. Fr. astronomer 1749 1827
Lappenherg, Johann Martin. German historian 1794 1865
Laprade, de, Pierre Marin V. R, French writer. . 1812 1883
LaPuerta, Luis. Peruvian statesman 1811 ....
Lallavardiere, de, Daniel de la F. S. Fr. expl.. 1570 1631
BORN
Larcom, Lucy. American poetess 1826
Lardner, Dio'nysius. British scientific writer 1793
Lardner, James L. American naval officer 1802
Lareau, Edmond. Can. statesman and author.. . 1848
La Eihourde, de, Gabriel. Fr. missionary in Am 1610
Larimer, William. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1809
La Rive, de, Charles Gaspard. Swiss chemist. . . . 1770
La Riviere, Alphonse .v. C. Canadian statesman. 1812
Lariviere, Pierre Charles. French painter 17'
Larned, Augusta. American authoress 1835
Larned, ('?■ Learned, Ebenezer. Am. soL.statesm 1728
Larned, Edwin Chauning. Am. law. and statesm 1820
Larned, Ellen Douglas. American historian 1825
Larned, Jasper Gay Eaton. Am. law. and geneal. 1819
Larned, Simon. American statesman and soldier 17o3
Larned, Sylvester. Am. Presbyterian clergyman. 1796
Larned, ^^'illiam Augustus. Am. edn. and writer 1,^06
Laroche, Benj. Fr. transl. Shakespeare and Byron 1798
La Roche, Rene. West Indian physician 1755
La Roche, Rene. Am physician and author 1795
La Rochefoucauld, de, F.' Fr. writer, moralist... 1613
La Rochefoucauld. L. de, F. A. F. Fr.).hilo-. . . 1717
La RochejaaueleL" , de^.duV.,Ct. Fr.Ven. chief 1772
Larochejaqu\,le:n de, Henri dn ^'. Fr. Senator.. 1804
Larose, John Jacob. Am. Ger. Ref. clergyman... 17o5
Larousse, Pierre A. Fr. grammarian, lex'icog 1817
Larrabee, Chas. H. Am. jurist and civil engineer 1820
Larrahee, A\'illiam. American statesman 1832
Larrabee, William Clark. Educator and author. 1802
Larremore, Richard L. Am. jurist and educator 3830
Larrey, Dominique Jean, Baron. French surgeon 1766
Larrey, Felix Hippolyte, Baron. French surgeon 1808
La Salle, Jean Baptiste. French priest 1651
La Salle, de, Robert Cavelier. Sieur. Fr. explorer 1643
Lartigue, James. Canadian R. C. bishop 1777
Lasca II. AnUmioFyanccf'co Gmz^ini. Italian poet 1503
Lascaris, Andreas J. Rhyndacettus. Greek phil. 1445?
Las Casas, de, Bartolom^'. See Casas, de l.\s.
Las Cases, de, Emmanuel A. D.. Count. Fr. w"r.. 1766
Lascki, Jan. Polish Protestant theologian 1499
Las, de, Heras Juan G. S. Am. soldier and states l/.'^O
Laso de la Vega, Jose Silvester. Chilian states.. 1779
Lasker, Eduard. Prussian statesman 1829
Lassalle, Ferdinand. Ger. socialist.Jenish parents 1825
Lassen, Christian. Korwegiau orientalist 180O
Lasserre, Charles L. C. West lud. naval officer. . 1762
Lasso, di, t'rlando. Belgian composer 1520
Lastarria, Jose Victorino. Chilian edu., author. 1812
Lastra, de la, Francisco. Chilian statesman 1777
Latane, James A. American K. E. bishop 1831
Latham, John. English ornithologist 1740
Latham, Milton Scott. Am. statesman, banker.. 1827
Latham, Robert G. Eng. philol., ethnol., phys... 1812
Lathrop, Francis. Artist in .\merica 1849
Lathrop. George P. Hawaiian author in Am 1851
Lathrop, John. American educator, clergyman. 1740
Lathrop, John. American educator and author.. 1772
Lathrop, John Hiram, .\merican educator 1799
Lathrop, Joseph. Am. clergyman and author. . .*. 1731
Lathrop, Rose Hawthorne. Am. authoress, artist 1851
Latimer, Charles. American eugineer, inventor. 1827
Latimer, tU'Orge. American statesman 1750
Latimer, Hugh. English reformer and martyr... 1472?
Latimer, James E. Am. clergyman, educator — 1826
Latimer, William K. .\merican naval officer — 1794
Latorre, Juan Jose. Chilian naval officer 1843
Latour, Isidore. French dramatic author 1809?
Latour d'Auvergne, de, Tht'ophile M. C. Fr. sol. 1743
Latreille, Pierre A. French entomologist 1762
Latrobe, Benjamin H. Eng. arch, and eng. in .\m 1764
Latrobe, Benj. H. Am. lawyer, civil engineer — 1807
Latrobe, Charles H. American civil engineer — 18S3
Latrobe, Charles J. Eng. trav., author in Am — ISOl
Latrobe, Ferdinand C. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 18S3
Latrobe, John H. B. .\m. lawyer and author 1803
Latta, -Mexander Bonner. Anierican inventor. . . 1821
Latta, James. Irish clergyman and educator 1732
Latta, Samuel A. Am. clergyman, physician 1804
Lattimer, Henrv. Am. physician, statesman 1752
Lattimore, Samuel Allan. Am. chemist, educator 1828
Latto, Thomas C. Scot. jour, and author in Am.. . 1818
Latude, de, Henri Masers. Fr. prisoner of state. 1725
Laube, Heinrich. German poet and novelist. . . . 1806
Laud, William. Archbp. of Canterbury. Executed 1573
Lauder, Robert Scott. Scotch ptiire painter 1803
Lauder, William. Scottish literary imposter *710
Lauderdale, James M.. Earl of. Scottish states'n 1759
Lauderdale, John M, Duke of. Cabal mrn.in Eng. 1616
Laudonniere, de, Rene G. Fr. ex. of Flo. .11. 1562 ri. aft
Laughlin, James. Irish philanthropist in America 1806
Laughlin, James Lawrence. Am. edu. and author 1850
Laugier, .\uguste Ernest. French astrouomer... 1812
Launltz, Itobert Eberhard. Ru. sculptor in Am. .. 1806
Launitz, van der, Nikolans Karl. Ger. sculptor. 1795
Laurence, Frtuch. Eng. poet and lawyer ^..
Laurens, Ilenrv. American statesman 1724
Laurens, John." Am. ofticer in the Rev. war 1756
Laurentie, Pierre S. Fr. author and jourualist.. 1793
Laurie, James. Scotch manu.. and eng. in Am — 1811
1859
1.881
ieso
1875
1834
98 1876
1801
1884
1870
1817
1820
1862
1852
1819
1872
1680
1827
1794
1867
1844
1875
1842
1719
1687
1840
1583
1535
1842
1560
1866
1842
188*
1864
1876
1826
1594
1853
1837
1882
1816
1820
1866
1820
i888
1825
1555
1884
1873
i877
1800
1833
1820
1878
1875
1865
1801
1852
1819
1805
1884
1645
1869
1771
1839
1682
1586
1882
1872
1870
'.869
1809
1792
1.82
1876
1875
LAURIE — LEFEVRE
1763
BOKN DIED
Laurie, James. Scotch cl. aud sov. officer in Am 1778 ls5o
Lauris, Thomas. Scotch missionai-y in America 1S21
Laurier, Wilfrid. Caimdiau statesman IMl
Lauristoii, de, .lacqucs .i. Marslial ofVrauce... 17i;s 1S2S
Laussat, Autouy. American hiwyer aud writer.. ISOG 183a
I.autaro or Latitr. Araucauiau chief 1537 15.56
Lauzanne de Vaux-Roussel, Augustin T 1805 1877
Lauzun, de, Autouiu N. de C, Due. Fr. adven... 1(133 1723
Lauson, de, Joau. Fr. governor of New France. . 1582 ....
Laval, de, -Vntony J. French Jesuit in America 1758
Lavalette, de, Antoine. French Je-^uit 1707 ....
T,av9l3tte, de, Antoine M. C. Ct Fr.P. M. tieu. 17ii9 1830
La Valebte, Elie A. F. American naval officer,. .. 1790 18B2
Laval-Mont.morency, de.F.X. 1st K.C.bp.Quebec 11)23 1708
Lavater, Joba^'n Kaspar. Swiss physiognomist.. 1741 1801
Lavelsve, de, femileL. V. BelKian economist . .. 1822
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent. French chemist .. . 1743 1794
Laverdiere, Charles H. Can. edu. and jourualist 1826 1873
Lavialle, Peter J Fr. R. C. bp. and edu. in Am.. 1S20 1867
Law, Andrew, .\merican musical composer 1748 1821
Law, George. Am. civil engineer and statesman. 1806 1881
Law, John. American jurist 1796 1873
Law, John, of Lauriston. Scotch financier in Fr. 1671 1729
Law, .kniathan. American jurist 1674 1750
Law, Lyman. American lawyer and statesman.. . 1770 1791
Law, Richard. American jurist 1733 1806
Law, William. Eng. divine, mystic and writer. .. 1686 1761
Lawes, Jolin Bennett. Sir. Kng, agr. ex'menter... 1814 ...-
Lawler, Joab. Am. clergyman and statesman.... 1796 18:;>8
Lawrance, John. American jurist and statesman 1750 1810
Lawrence, Abbott. Am, mer. and philanthropist 1792 l.s.55
Lawrence, .Vmos. Am. mer. and philanthropist. 17.S6 1.853
Lawrence, .\mos Adams. Am. mer. and states.. . 1814 1886
Lawrence, Charles. English soldier and states 1760
Lawrence, Charles Brush. American jurist 1820 1883
Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck. Am. statesman 1791 1861
Lawrence, Engeue. American lawyer andauth, 1823 ....
Lawrence, tieorge .Alfred. English' novelist 1827 1876
Lawrence, Ceorge \V. Am. phys. and writer 1823 . ,
Lawrence, James. .American naval captain 1781 1813
Lawrence, John Ij. M. Baron. Gov. gen. of India ISll 1879
Lawrence, Jonathan. American lawyer, author. 1S33 ....
Lawrence, Joseph W.- Can. antiquarian, author. 1818
Lawrence, Saint. Roman Christian martyr ... 258
Lawrence, Th'imas. Sir. English portrait painter 1769 1830
Lawrence, William, Sir, Bart. English surgeon., 1783 1867
Lawrence, William. American jurist and writer 1SI9
Lawrence, ^\ ill iam Beach. American jurist l.sOO 1881
Lawrence, ^^'illiam K. Am. phys., philanthropist 18!2 1885
Lawrie, Alexander. American artist 1.S28 ...
Lawson, Alexander. Scotch engraver in America 1772 1846
Lawson, Cecil. English artist 1.S51 1882
Lawson, C^eorge. Scotch scientist, edu. in Can.. . 1827
Lawson, James. Scotch merch't. author in Am.. 1799 1880
Lawson, John. Scotch surveyor, hist, in Am 1712
Lawson, Leonidas M. Am. phys. and author 1812 1864
Lawson, Louise. American artist 1861 ....
Lawson, Oscar A. American engraver 1813 1854
Lay, Benjamin. I'^ng. htimanitarian in America.. 1681 1760
Lay, Henry Champlin. Am. P. E. clergyman 1823 1885
Lay, John Ij. American inventor 1832
Lay, Oliver Ingraham. .American artist 1845
Layard, Austen H., Sir. Eng. trav. and diplora.. 1817 ....
Laycock, Thomas. BritLsh phys. aud author 1812 1.S76
Lazarus, Emma. .-\m. poetess "of Jewish origin. . . 1S49 1887
La.zarus, Sloritz. German philosopher 1824 ....
Lazcano, Francis X. Mex. educator and author, . 1702 1762
Lazenby, William Rane. .Am. scientist, lecturer 1,852 ...
Lazzarini, Giovanni A. It. i)ainter and writer .. . 1710 1801?
Lea, Henry Charles. American author 1825 ...
Lea, Isaac*. American naturalist 1792 1886
Lea, John M. American jurist 1818 ...
Lea, Luke. .American soldier and statesman 1782 1851
Lea, Mathew Carey. Am. chemist and author.. .. 1823 ....
Lea, Thomas Gibson. American botanist 1785 1.S44
Leach, DeWitt C. Am. journalist and statesman 1822 ....
Leach, Frank Willing. Am. lawyer and writer, , , 18.'i5 .,,.
Leach, James Madison. American statesman.,, ].s24 ,,,,
Leach, Josiah Granville. .\m. statesman, la\vyer 1842 .,,,
Leach, Lawrence. Eng. colonist and public ofiicer 1.589 1662
Leach, Shepard. American manufacturer 1778 1832
Leach, William Elford. English naturalist 1790 1836
Leach, Wm. TurnbuU. Scot. cl. and edu. in Can.. 1805 1886
Leacock, Hamble James. W. Ind. miss, and edu. 1795 1856
Leake, Walter. Am. lawyer, states'n and soldier 1760 1825
Leake, W'illiam Martin. Eng. tray, and archiel... 1777 1.860
Learning, Jeremiah. .Am. P."E. ..clergyman 1717 1804
Learning, Thomas. American statesman 1748 1797
Leandro, Do, S.aeramento. Braz. scien., author. . 1762 1809
Lear, Tnliias. American diplomatist 1762 181G
Learned William Law. Am.iurist and author. , .. 1,821 ....
Leathes, Stanley. English clergyman 1830
Leavenworth, Abner Johnson. Am. cl. and edu. 1.S03 1869
Leavenworth, Elijis Warner. Am. lawy'r, states'n 1803 1887
Leavenworth, Henry. -\m. lawyer and soldier.. . 1783 1834
Leavitt, Inidley. Am. jour, and almannc-maker 1772 1851
Leavltt, Humphrey Howe. .American jurist ,, 1796 1873
LeavlEl, John McDowei: Am. cl. and yriucatoi 1864
I.eavitt Jf^hn'.j. iB> , jo'smalis'- md raJoro^r . 1794 1873
BORN
Lebas, Philippe F. Partisan of Robespierre 1765
Lebay, Theodore Con. Fr. col. ofiicer aud author, 1795
Leblond, Jean Baptiste. Fr. nat., author in Am.. .. 1747
Lebeau, Charles. French historian aud poet 1701
Lebceuf, Edmond. French general 1809
Lebon, Joseph. French re\'olutionist 1765
Leborgue de Boigne, Claude P. J Fr. colonist. . . 1764
LebrixaorLebrija. See Nebeissensis.
Lebrun, Chas.F..D'keof Piacenza. Fr. states., w'r 1739
lebrun, Marie L. E.,Mme., b. Vigec. Fr. painter 17.55
Lebrun, Pierre Antoine. Fr. poet aud dramatist. 1785
Lebrun, Ponce D. E. Lch.Phulare. Fr. lyric poet 1729
Le Caron, Joseph. Fr. missioua)-y in Caiiada
Lechford, Thomas.. Eug. lawyer", author in Am.. 1.590
Lecky, William Edward Hartpole. Brit. auth... .. 1838
Le Clear, Thomas. American artist isis
Le Clerc, Jean. Swiss Protestant theologian 1657
Le Clerc. French adventurer in America 1750
Leclerq, Chretien. Fr. missionary iu Canada 1630
Lecocq, Charles. French musician 1832
LeConte, John. American physicist 1818
Le Conte, John Eatton. American scien., author 1784
Le Conte, John Lawrence. American entomologist 1825
Le Conte, Joseph. Am. phys. and geologist 1823
Le Conte, Lewis. American scientist.. 1782
Leconte de Lisle, Charles Marie. French poet. . . 1820
Lecoq, Henri. French naturalist 1802
Lecouvreur, .Adrienne. French actress 1692
Ledebour, von, Karl Friedrich. Ger. botanist.... 1785
Lederer, John. Traveler and author in America
Ledlle, James Hewett. Am. soldier and engineer 18.'!2
Ledo, Joaquim Gon^alves. Brazilian statesman. . 1771
Ledochowskl, Miecisla Halka. Polish prelate 1822
Ledru, .Andre Pierre. Fr. nat. and educator 1761
Ledru-Eoliiu, Alexandre A. French socialist 1808
Ledyard, John .American traveler 1751
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lea
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Albert Lindley. Am. lawyer and soldier 18.34
Alfred. American P. E. bishop and author.. 1807
Andrew. Am. Congregational clergyman 1745
Ann. Founder of the Shakers in America... 1736
Arthur. Bro. K. H.niKlF. I.. Am. dip 1740
Benjamin, Eng. naval officer iu America. . . . 1765
Benjamin. American physician and writer.. 1833
Benjamin F, Am. clergyman and educator. . 1841
Charles. American major gen. born in Eng. 1731
Charles. American attorney-general 1758
Charles Alfred. Am. phys. and educator.. . . 1801
Chauncy. Am. clergy, and musical composer 1718
Day Kellogg. Am. universalist clergyman, . . 1816
Francis L. Signer of the Dec. of Independ. . 1734
Francis L. American soldier 1823
Frederic Rich'd. English landscape painter 1798
tieoi'.ge Washington Custis. Am. soldier 3832
Gideon. .Am. merchant aud statesman 1778
Hannah Farnham Sawyer. Am. authoress. . . 1780
Harriet. English novelist 1756
Henry. Am. gen. and governor of Virginia.. 1756
Henry. Am. surveyoraud statesman 1758
Henry. American economist 1782
Henry. American soldier and author 1787
Henry. American soldier aud banker 1817
Henry W'ashington, Am. P. E. bishop, edu. . 1815
Hezekiah G. American educator, clergyman 1795
James. Scotch merchant in America.. ." 1795
Jesse. .American missionary , 1758
John. English physicist 1783
Leroy Madison. Am. clergyman, editor 1808
Luther. American clergyman and editor 1800
Marv Elizabeth. American authoress 1813
Mary Randolph Cnstis. Wife of Robert E., , . 1806
Nathaniel. English dramatist 1655?
Richard. English statesman in America, , 1590o^(.
Richard H. .Am. orator, states, and patriot.. 1732
Richard H. American educator and author. 1794
Robert. Scotch clergyman 1804
Robert Edward. American Confederate gen 1807
Samuel. English clergynmn iu America 1625
Samuel. English orieiitalist 1783
Samuel Philliy)s. American naval officer.... 1812
Thomas. American statesman
Thomas. Am. lawyer and statesman 1769
Thonias Lndwell, Am. lawyer and states'n.. 1730
Thomas Sim. American statesman 1744
William. American diplomatist 1737
Wm. Henry Fitzhngh. American soldier 1837
Wm. Little". .Am. ch'f justice of Hawaiian Is. 1821
DIED
1794
1849
1815
1778
1888
179B
1822
1824
1842
1873
1807
1622
1644
1736
1817
1695
1891
1860
1871 ,
1780
1851
1882
1847
i825
1874
1789
1887
1832
1784
1792
1828
5"'
Leech, Daniel D. T. Am. edn. and govt, officer. . . 1810
Leech, John. Eng. artist and caricaturist 1817
Leech, Samuel Vnu Derlip. Am. cl. and writer. ,. 1837
Leeds, Daniel. Eng. statesman and author iu Am 1652
Leeds, John. Am. statesman and astronomer. .. , 1705
Leeser, Isaac. Prussian rabbi and author in Am. 1806
Leete, William. Eng. lawyer and governorin Am 1603
Leeuwenhoek, van. Dutch naturalist 1632
Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan. Irish novelist 1814
Lefebvre, Francois J.. Duke of Pantzic. Mar. of Fr 1755
Lefebvre-Desnouettes, Charles, Count. Fr. gen, 1773
Lefevre, Andre. French writer aud poet 18.34
Lefevre, George J. S. Eng. statesman and writer 18.32
1782
1815
1872
1842
1869
1797
1886
1879
isii
1865
1851
1818
1846
1867
1837
i874
1868
1874
1816
1866
1882
1849
1873
1692
1660
1794
1865
1868
1870
1691
1852
iim
1839
1777
1819
1795
1857
1869
1864
1720
1780
1868
1683
1723
1873
1820
1822
1873
1764
LEFEVRE — LEVESQUE
, ,. ^ BORN DIED
Lefevre d'Etaples, Jacques. Fr. theologian 145S 1S37
Lefevre, Peter Paul. E. C. bishop in America 1SU4 1869
Lefferts, George M. Am. physician and writer. .. . 1S46 ....
Lefiferts, Marshall. Am. engineer and soldier.. .. 1821 1876
Leffingwell, Charles \V. Am. educator and cl 1840
Leftwich, Joel. American soldier and statesman 1759 1846
Le Flo, -^dolphe Charles Emmanuel. Fr. general 1804 1887
Lefort, Fraufois. Swiss-Russian general 1656 1699
Lefuel, Hector Martin. French architect 1810
Legare, Hugh Swiuton. Am. states, and scholar. 1789 1843
Legaspl, de, Miguel Lopez. Si>anish statesman. . 1524 1572
Legendre, Adrieu -Marie. French geometer 1752 18.S3
Legendre, Kapoleou .N'arcisse Gabriel. Can. uuth 1841
Legge, James. A Scotch sinologue 1815
Legge, William, second earl of Dartmouth 1731 1801
Leggett, Mortimer Dormer. Am.edu. and sol... 1831
Leggett. William. American author 1802 1839
Legouve. Ernest Wilfrid. French dramatist 1807
Legouvfe, Gabriel Marie Jean Baptiste. Fr. poet.. 1764 1S12
Legranddu saulle, Henri. French physician 1830 18.^6
Legrand, Jacques Guillaume. Fr. architect 1744 1807
Legros, Alphonse. French artist 1837
Lehmann, JohannGottlob. Ger. mineralogist 1767
Leib, Michael. Am. physician and statesman 1759 i,s22
Leibnitz, von, Gott. W. Baron. Ger. phil., math. 1646 1716
Leicester, Robert D. Earl. Fay. of Q. Elizabeth 1531? 1588
Leichhardt, Ludwig. Ger. explor. in .Australia iMo 1848
Leidy, .losoph. .\m. naturalist and physiologist.. 1823 1891
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins. Am. law., s'tates 1781 1849
Leigll, Edward, Sir. Eng. theol.. crit. and philol. 1602 1671
Lelghton, Wra. Am. manufacturer and author... 1833
Leighton, Frederick, Sir. English painter 1830
Leiper, George Gray. American statesman 17S6 1868
Leisler, Jacob. Insur. goyernor of New York 1691
Leitch, Wm. Scot, clergyman and scientist I,>il4 1864
Lelte Ferreira de Mello, Jose B. Braz. statesman 1785 1844
Leith, James, Sir. Scottish soldier in Barbardocs J763 1S16
Leiva, de, .\udres Diaz Venero. Sp. statesman. .. 1.523 1585
Lejeune, Henry. English painter 1820
Lejeune, Louis F., Baron. Fr. gen. and painter. . 1776 1848
Le Jeune, Paul. Fr. Jesuit missionary in Canada 1592 1664
Lekain, Henri Louis Cain. Fr. tragic actor ... 1728 1778
Leland, Aaron. Am. clergyman and statesman... 1701 1833
Leland, Charles Godfrey. American author 1824
Leland, Henry. American artist 1850 1877
Leland, Henry Perry. Am. soldier and author. . . 1828 1868
Leland, John Eng. antiquary and linguist 1506? 1.552
Leland, John. .American Baptist clergyman 1754 1841
Lelewel, Joachim. Polish historian 1786 1861
Lely, Peter, Sir. Dutch portrait painter in Eng.. . 1618 1680
Le Lyonnet Charles. French statistician 1767 1826
Le Maire, James. JJutch navigator 1565 1616
Lemaire, Nicolas Eloi. Fr. classical scholar 1767 1832
Lemalstre, Antoine. French adyocate and writer 1608 1658
Lemaitre, Frt'dcric. French actor 1798? 1876
Lemay, Leon Pamphile. Canadian author 1S37 ....
Lembke, Francis C. Moravian clergyman in Am. 1704 1785
Lemcke, Henry. Ger. R. C. missionary in Am 1796 1882
Leme, .\ntonio P. daS. P. Brazilian geographer. . 17.56 1807
Le Mercier, -Vndrew. Fr. cl., humanitarian in .im 1692 1763
Le Mercier, Francis. Fr. missionary in Canada. ... 1690
Lemercler, Louis Jean N^pomucOne. Fr. dram.. 1771 1840
L^mery, Nicolas. French chemist 1645 1715
Le Moine, James MacPherson. Canadian author. 1825
Lemoinne, Jean Emile. French publicist 1815
Lemon, Mark. Eng. journalist and humorist l.'<09 1S70
Lemmens, John Nicolas. Dutch R. C. bishop 1850
Lemmon, John Gill. Am. soldier and botanist... 1.H.32
Lemmon, Sarah A. P. Am. botanisj and artist... 1836 . .
Le Monnier, Pierre C. French astronomer 1715 1799
Lemos,de, Mesa Manoel. Port, jurist in Brazil... 1670 1744
Le Moyne. Canadian family. Am. colonizers. . . 1626 . .
Le Moyne, Antoine. SieurdeC. Can.Fr.col 1683 1747
Le Moyne, Charles. Founder of Le Moyne family 1626 168S
Le Moyne, Charles, Baron Longueuil. Can. Fr. col 1656 1729
Le Moyne, Francis J. Am. phys.. philanthropist. 17DS 1879
Le Moyne, Francois. French historical painter. . 1688 1737
Le Moyne, Jacques. Sieur. de Ste.H. Can. Fr.ex. 1659 1690
Le Moyne, Joseph. Sieur. de Si5rigny. Fr. col. La. 1668 1734
Le Moyne, Paul. A Canadian French colonizer.. . 1663 1704
Le Moyne, PaulJoseph C.de L. Can. soldier 1701 1778
Le Moyne, Sanyolle. First Colonial gov. of La... 1671? 1701
Le Moyne, Simon. Fr. missionary in Canada 1604 1665
Lempereur, Jeannot. Haytian revolutionist 1763 1791
Lempira. Central American Cacique 1.5.37
Lempriere or Lempri^re, John. English scholar 1760? 1824
Lenau, Nikolaus. German poet 1802 1850
L'Enclos, de, Ninon. Fascinating French lady... 1616 1705
Lenfant, Jacques. Fr. Protestant divine and hist 1661 1728
L'Enfant, Peter Charles. Fr. sol. and eng. in .\m. 1755 1825
Lennep, van. Jacobus. Dutch novelist 1802 1868
Lennox, Charlotte, born Ramsav. Am. novelist. . 1720 1804
Lenoir, Marie Alexandre. Fr. archaeologist 1761 1839
Lenoir, William. Am. soldier and statesman 1751 1839
Lenormant, Charles. Fr. archaeologist and hist. 1802 1859
Leuormant, Francois. Fr. archajologist 1837 1883
Le Notre, Andre, Fr. architect, garden designer... 1613 1700
Lenox, James. American philanthropist 1800 1880
Lenox, Robert Lenox Kennedy. Am. banker 1822 1887
T .. ^ J, ■ , ^ BORN DIED
Lente, tredenck D. Am. physician, educator.... 1823 18SS
Leol., Saint. Thi lirmt. Pope 390' 461
Leo III., Saint. Pope " 750? gig
Leo ly. Pope. Defended Rome against Saracens 800? 855
Leo X. Pope. Gioi-iaini de' Medici 1475 1521
Leo XIII. Pope. Vincenzo Giocchiuo Pecn 18IO .
Leol. Flavins. Byzantine emperor 40O? 474
Leo III. Flavin?. Byzantine emperor gso? 741
Leo V. Fluvius. Byzantine emperor * 820
Leo Afrlca'nus. Originally Al-Hassan Ibn Jkioh'd 1485? 1552
Leo, Heinrioh. German historian ^ 1799 io7S
Leo, Lionardo. Italian musical composer 1694 1742
Leon, de, Alonzo. Spanish explorer 1640
Leon, de, Luis Ponce. Spanish lyric poet 1528 1591
Leonard, Abiel. American P. E. bishop 1848
Leonard, Agnes. American authoress 1842
Leonard, Daniel. American jurist 1740 1829
Leonard, C^eorge. American jurist 1698 1778
Leonard, John E. Am. lawyer and statesman. . .. 1845 1878
Leonard, Levi Washburn. American clergyman 1783 1864
Leonard, Nicholas G. West Indian author.". 1744 1793
Leonard, \\ illiam A. American P. E. clergyman 1848
Leonardo da Pisa 0?- Leonardo Bonacci. It. math. 1170
Leonardo da Vinci. SeeVi.Nci.
Leonhard, von, Karl Ciisar. German geologist.. . 1779 1862
Leonhardl, Hermann Karl. Cierman i.hilosopher 1809 1875
Leoni, Leone. Ital. sculptor, engraver of mecials 1592
Leonidas. Heroic king of Sparta B. c. 480
Leonowens, Anna H. C. Welsh educator in Am. l.ssi '. . .
Leopardi, Giacomo, Count. Italian poet 1798 1837
Leopold I. The Cirnii. Emperor of Germany 1640 1705
Leopold II. Emperor of Germany * 1747 1792
Leopold I. Georrii:sClir(ti(n .F/r rf.?r!C. K.of Belgians 1790 1865
Leopold II. King of the Belgians 1845
Leopold II. Grand duke of Tus.. archduke Aust.. 1797 1870
Leopold I. Prince of Anhault-Dessan. Prus. gen. 1676 1747
Leopold, Karl Gustaf. Swedish poet 1756 1829
Lepaute, Jean Andre?. French horologist 1709 1789
Le Pays, de. R., Sieur Plessis-Villeneuve. Fr. poet 1636 1690
Leprobon, Rosanna Elenora. Can. authoress 1S32 1879
Lepsius, Karl Richard. German Egyptologist 1810 1884
Leray , Francis Xavier. Fr. archbishop in Am ... . 1825 1887
Lerdan, Nicolas Etienne. W. Indian phvs.. states 1761 1826
Lerdo de Tejada, Miguel. Mexican statesman .. 1814 1861
Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastian. Pres. of Mexico.. .1825
Lermontoff, .Mikhail Ivanovitch. Russian poet. . 1812 1841
Leroux, Pierre. Fr. socialist and writer 1798 1871
Leroy, Julien. Fr. horologist and writer 1686 1759
Leroy, Jullen David. French architect 1728 1803
Leroy, William Edgar. American naval ofHcer. . . 1817
Leroy de Saint Arnaud, Louis A. Fr. sen., jurist 1802 1873
Lery, de, Jean. Burgundian clergyman 1534 1611
Lery, de, Viscomte. Can. mil. engineer in France 17.54 1824
Le Sage, Alain Ren^. French novelist I668 1747
Lescallier, Daniel. Fr. diplomatist in America . 1743 1S22
Lescan, .\gnes Francois. Fr. naval officer in Am. 1728 1794
Lescarbot, Marc. Fr. author and traveler 1590 1630
Lescot, Pierre. French architect 1510 1.572
Lescure, de, Louis Marie. Marq. Fr. A'end. chief 1766 1793
Lesdiguieres, de, Fran, de Bonne. Duke. Fr. gen 1543 1626
Lesieur-Desaulniers, Isaac. Can. edu., author isil 1868
Lesley, John Peter, .\merican geologist 1819
Leslie, Alexander. Earl of Leven. Scottish gen. 1.390 1661
Leslie, Charles Robert. Eng. artist in America... 1794 1S59
Leslie, Eliza. American authoress 1787 18.58
Leslie, Frank. Eng. engraver and pub. in Am 1821 1880
Leslie, George Dunlop. English painter 1835
Leslie, James. Scot, soldier and statesman in Can 1786 1873
Leslie, Preston H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1819 ..
Lespes, Napoleon. French author 1805 1875
Lespinasse orL'Espinasse,de.SeeEspix.issE,DE L'.
Lesquereux, Leo. Swiss scientist and author.. . 18O6
Lesseps, de, Ferdinand, Viscount. Fr. diplomatist 1805
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim. German author 1729 1781
Lessing, KarlF. Grandnepheio of G.F.. C;er.pa!nt'r 1808 1880
Lesslie, James. Scottish journalist in Canada. . . 1802 1885
Lester, Charles Edwards. Am. diplomat and auth 1815
Lester, Charles S. Am. lawyer and statesman 1824
L'Estrange, Roger, Sir. English political writer. 1616 1704
Lesueur, Eustache. French painter .1617 1655
Le Sueur, Jean Francois. Fr. musical composer. 1760 1837
Letcber, John. .\m. statesman and governor I8IS 1881
Letcher, Robert Perkins. Am. statesman, diplo. 1788 1861
Lethiere, Guillaume Guillon. West Indian artist 1760 1832
Letronne, Antoine Jean. Fr. archajologist, critic 1787 1848
Leuckart, Karl Georg F. R. German zoologist. . 1823 ....
Leusden, Jan. Dutch orientalist 1624 1699
Leutscb, von, Ernest L. Ger, classical scholar.. 1808 1887
Leutze, Emanuel, .\merican historical ]:>ainter. . 1816 1868
Le Van, ^^'iIIiam Barnet. Am. engineer, inventor 1829
L6veque, Jean Charles. French philosopher 1818
Lever, Charles James. Irish novelist I8O6 1872
Leverett, Frederick P. American scholar 1803 1836
Leverett, John, Sir. Colonial gov of Mass 1616 1679
Leverett, John. Am. statesman and scholar .... 1652 1724
Leveridge, John, .\merican lawyer and soldier.. 1792 1886
Leverrier, UrbaiTi Jean Joseph. Fr. astronomer.. 1811 1877
Le Vert, Octavia W. Am. authoress, public reader 1810 1877
L6vesque, Pierre C. Fr. historian and translator 1736 1812
LEVI — LITTLE
1765
BORN
Levi, Leone. British economist l.yjl
Levin, Lewis C. American lawyer and statesman ISOS
Levings, Noah. Am. clergyman and orator 1796
Levis, de, Francois. Due. Marshal of France 1720
Levizac, de, Jean P. V. L,, Abbl^^ Fr. grammarian ....
Levy, Emile. French painter . 1826
Levy, Michel. F'rench publisher 1S21
Levy, Uriah Phillips. Am. naval otficer 1795
Lewald, Fanny, born Stahr. German novelist... ISll
Lewald, Joharin Karl August. German author, , . 1792
Lewes, George Henry, Eng. philos. writer 1817
Lewes. Mary Ann E. George Eliot. Eng. novelist 1819
Lewestam,'FryderykH. Pol. jouru. and author. 1817
Lewin, Raphael De Cordova. W. Ind. rabbi in Am 1844
Lewis, Abram H. Am. 7th day Bap. clergyman. . . 1836
Lewis, Alonzo. American educator and poet. ... 1794
Lewis, Andrew. Irish sol. and statesm. in Am. . . 1720
Lewis, Charlton Thomas. Am. edu. and lawyer. . . 1834
Lewis, I)io. Am. physician educator and author. 1823
Lewis, Di.xon H. American lawyer, statesman. . . 1802
Lewis, Kdmonia. American sculptor 1845
Lewis, Edmund Darch. American artist 1837
Lewis, Edward Parke C. Am. soldier, diplomat.. 1837
Lewis, ElishaJoseph. American physician 1820
Lewis, Ellis. American jurist 1798
Lewis, Enoch. Am. mathematician and author. . 1776
Lewis, Eslelle Anna B. R. American authoress.. 1824
Lewis, Fielding. American patriot 1726
Lewis, Francis. Signer of Decl. of Independence. 1713
Lewis, tieorge C Sir. Eng. statesman, writer. . . 1806
Lewis, Harriet. Mrs. American authoress 1841
Lewis, Henry Carvill. Am. geologist, educator.. 1863
Lewis, Ida. Mrs. W.H. Wilson, Am. heroine 1841
Lewis, Isaac. Am. Presbyterian clergyman 1773
Lewis, John Francis. American statesman 1818
Lewis, John Frederick. British artist 1805
Lewis, John Travers. Irish P. E bishop in Can.. 1825
Lewis, Joshua, American jurist 1774
Lewis, Lawrence. Am. journalist and writer 18.^7
Lewis, Matthew G. Eng. novelist and dram 1775
Lewis, Meriwether. Am ex. in the Northwest... 1774
Lewis, Morgan. American general and jurist.. .. 17.54
Lewis, Samuel. Am. educator and statesman. .. . 1799
Lewis, Tavler. American scholar and author 1802
Lewis, Thomas. Irish legislator in America 1718
Lewis, William Berkeley. American statesman. . 17.S4
Lewis, \Vm. David. Am. pub. officer and trans. . , 1792
Lewis, NVinslow. American sailor and inventor. 1770
Lewis, "Wiuslow. Am. surgeon and statesman.. . 1790
Lewis, Zachariah. Am. educator and journalist. 1773
Leyburn, John. American clergyman and editor 1814
Leyden, John. Scottish poet and orientalist 1775
Leyden, van, Lucas. Dutch painter 1494
Leydt, Johaunes. Dutch clereyman and writer.. . 1718
Leypoldt, Frederick. Ger. bibliographer in Am.. 18.35
Leys, Jean .Vuguste Henri. Belgian paiuter 1815
Lherminier, Felix Louis. Fr. naturalist, author. 1779
Lhermitte, Jean M. A.. Baron. Fr. naval ofticer. 1766
L'Hommedieu, Ezra. Am. lawyer and statesman 1734
Lhomond, Charles Francois. Fr. educator 1727
L'hopital, Michel. Chancellor of France 1504
L'Hopital, de, Guellaume. F. .i. Fr. geometrician 1661
Llbelt, Kar.M. Polish pol. and philosophic w'r. . . 1806
Liberi, Pietro. Cavaliere. Italian paiuter 1605
Llberius, Saint. Pope .300?
Libramento, do, Joaquin F. Braz. philanthropist 1761
Libri-Carrucci, Guillaume B. I. T. It.-Fr. math 1803
Llchtenberg, Georg Chnstoph. Ger. physicist.. 1742
Lichtenstein, Martin Heinrich Karl. Ger. nat... 17.^0
Lichtwer, Magnus Gottfried. Ger. poet, fabulist 1719
Licli, James. American philanthropist 1796
Liddell, Duncan. Scot. phys. and mathematician 1561
Llddell, Henry George, English scholar. . 1811
Llddon, Henry Parry. English clergyman. 1829
Lie, Jonas Laiiritz E. Norwegian novelist 18.33
Lieber, Francis. Am. publicist. born in Prussia. 1800
Lleber, Guido Norman. Am. soldier and lawyer. 1837
Lieber, Oscar Montgomery. American geologist. 1830
Liebig, von, Justus, Baron. German chemist. . 1.S03
Liebljneclit, Wilhelm Philipp M. Ger. socialist . 1826
Liebrecht, Felix. Ger, linguist and folklorist. . . 1812
Lieven,Dorothea.born von Benkendorff . Pr'cessof 1784
Light, -Alexander L. Eng. engineer in Canada. . . . 1822
Light, George Washington. Am. journalist 1809
Lightburn, Joseph A. J. Am. soldier, statesman. 1824
Lightfoot, John. Eng. theologian, Hebraist 1602
Lightfoot, Joseph Barber. English clergyman... 1828
Ligier, Pierre. French tragedian 1797
LignCj de, Karl J.. Prince. Aust. gen. and author 17.35
Ligonier, John Earl. English field marshal 1678
Liguori, da, -Vlfouso M.. St. Italian bishop 1696
Lilburne, John. English political aeitator 1618
LUientbal, Max. Bavarian edu. and rabbi in Am 1815
Llllie,John. Scottish clergyman and translator. 1812
Llllo, Eusebio. Chilian statesman and poet 1826
Lilly or Lyly, John. English dramatist 155.3?
Lilly, Samuel. Am. phvsician and statesman 1815
Lilly, William. English astrologer 1602
Lilly, William S. Philosophical, historical writer 1840
DIED
1888
1860
1849
1788
1813
1875
1862
1889
1871
1878
1880
1879
1886
1861
1781
i886
1848
1871
1856
1880
isos
1863
1878
1S33
1818
1809
1844
1854
1877
1790
1856
1881
1850
1875
1840
isii
1533
1883
18»4
1869
1883
1826
1811
1794
1573
1704
1877
1687
366
1829
1869
1799
1857
1783
1876
1613
i890
is72
1862
1873
1890
1857
1868
1676
i872
1814
1770
1787
1IH7
1882
1867
1600?
1.880
1681
BORN DIED
Lily or Lilly, William. English schoolmaster 1468 1.523
Limborcli, van, Philippus. Dutch theologian.. . 1633 1712
Lima, Francisco. Portuguese R. C. bishop 1704
Lima, Joao de Brito. Brazilian poet .1671 1747
Lima, de, Jose I. R. A. Brazilian revolutionist. . . 1770 1817
Lima, de, Joso I. A. Brazilian soldier aud writer 1796 1869
Lima, de, Manoel. Brazilian Jesuit and explorer. 1685 1760
Linares, Jo^e Maria. Bolivian statesman 1810 1861
Linan y Cisneros, de, Melchor. Sp. archbishop. 1629 1708
L'lncarnation, de, Marie, Mother. Fr. nun. Can 1599 1672
Lincoln', Abraham. Sixteenth President of U. S.. 1809 1865
Lincoln, Benjamin. Am Revolutionary general. 1733 1810
Lincoln, David Francis. American physician. . . 1841 ....
Lincoln, Enoch. American lawyer and'statcsman 1788 1829
Lincoln, Heman. Am. clergyman and journalist. 1821
Lincoln, James Sullivan American artist 1811 1887
Lincoln, Jane E. Knle Campbell. Am. authoress. 1829
Lincoln, John Larkiu. American educator 1817
Lincoln, Levi. Am. lawyer and statesman 1749 1820
Lincoln, Levi. Son o,f Pnc. Am. law., statesm'n 1782 1868
Lincoln, William. Am antiquarian, journalist.. 1801 1843
Llncoyan. Araucanian Toqui 1519 1560
Lind, Jenny. Mrs: (_itt<: GoW.^^i-hmUlt. Swed. vocal. 1821 1887
Lindau, Paul. German author 1839
Lindblad, Adolf Fredrik. Swedish composer 1801 1878
Llnde, Samuel Bogumil. Polish lexicographer. .. 1771 1847
Lindenau, von, Beruhard A. Ger astronomer... 1779 1854
Linderman, Henry R.. Dr. Supt of U. S. Mint... 1825 1879
Lindley, John English botanist 1799 1865
Lindsay, David. Sir. Scottish poet 1490 1555?
Lindsay, James B. Scottish Linguist 1800 1862
Lindsay, John S. ■American P. E. clergvman 1842
Lindsey, Charles. Eng. author, editor in Can ... 1820
Lindsey, Daniel W. Am. lawyer aud soldier 1835 ....
Lindsey, William. American soldier. jurist.. .. 1835
Lindsley, John B. Am. physician aud educator.. 1822
Lindsley, Nathaniel L. Am. philologist, educator. 1816 1868
Linen, James. Scot, book-binder and poet in Am 1808 1.S73
Ling, Peter Henrik. Swedish poet 1776 1839
Lingard, John. English historian 1771 1851
Lingelbach, Jan. Flemish painter 1625 1687
Linguet, Simon Nicolas Henri. Fr. adv. and w'r. 1736 1794
Lining, John. Scottish physician in America. .. 1708 1760
Link, Harvey. Am. surveyor and statesman 1824 ....
Linn, Archibald L. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1802 1857
Linn, James. American lawyer and statesman. . . 1750 1820
Linn, John Blair. Am. clergyman and author. .. . 1777 1804
Linn, John Blair. Am. lawyer aud soldier 1831
Linn, Lewis Fields, .-im. phys. and statesman 1795 1843
Linn, William. American pioneer 1781
Linn, William. Am. clergyman and educator. . .. 1752 1808
Linn, William. American lawyer and writer... . 1790 1867
Linnaeus, Carolus. (."^'ufrf. Linnfe, von,) Swed. bot 1707 1778
Linnell, John. English painter.. 1792 1882
Linsley, James Harvey. American naturalist.... 1787 1843
Linsley, Joel Hervey. Am. law'yer and cl 1790 1868
Linsly, Jared. American physician 1803 1887
Lintner, Joseph .\lbert. Am. mer., entomologist 1822 .. .
Linton, Eliza Lynn. English authoress 1822
Linton, William James. Eng.-Am. engraver 1812
Lippard, George. American author 1822 1854
Lippi, Fra Filil)po. Italian painter 1400 1469
Lippincott, Joshua Ballinger. Am. publisher 1816 1886
Llppincott, Sara J. Grace Greenwood. Am. auth. 1823 —
Lippincott, James Starr. Am. agr. and inventor 1819 1885
Lippincott, William Henry. American artist. .. . 1.S19 .. .
Lippitt, Christopher. Am. soldier and statesman 1744 1824
Lipscomb, Abner Smith. .American jurist 1789 1857
Lipscomb, Andrew Adgate. Am. cl. and edu 1816 ..
Lipsius, Richard Adelbert. German theologian.. 1830
Lipsius, Justus. Flemish critic and philologist. 1547 1606
Lira, Maximo Rafael. Chilian publicist 1845
Lisboa, Balthazar. Brazilian-lawyer, statesman.. 1761 1840
Lisboa, Bento da Silva. Braz. statesman, author. 1793 1864
Lisboa, Joav Francisco. Brazilian journalist. ...1S12 1863
Lisboa, Jose Antonio. S. Am. states'n. financier. 1777 1850
Lisboa, Jose da Silva. Brjizilian educator 1756 1835
Lisboa, Serra Joav D. Brazilian statesman, poet 1818 1855
Liscov, Christian L. German satiric author 1701 1760
Lisgar, John Young, Baron. British statesman.. 1807 1875
Lisle, de, Guillaume. See Delisle.
Lispenard, Leonard. Am. merchant, pub. officer 1710 1790
List.Friedrich. German political economist 1789 1846
Llsta-y-Aragon, Don A. Sp. math., poet, pol. w'r 1775 1848
Lister Joseph, Sir. English surgeon 1827 —
Lister, Martin. Eng. naturalist and physician.. 1638 1711
Liszt, Franz. Abb4. Hung, pianist and composer, isil 1886
Lithgow, William. Scottish traveler 15S3 1640
Lltta, Pompeo. Count. Italian historian 1781 1852
Littell, Eliakim. American journalist 1797 1870
Littell, John Stockton. Am. authorand editor. .. 1806 1875
Littell, William. Am. lawver and author 1780 1825
Little, Charles Coffin. American publisher 1799 1869
Little Crow. Chief of the Sioux 1863
Little, George. Am. naval officer and writer 1754 1809
Little, Henry D. .American journalist and poet. . 1803 1833
Little, James Laurence. Am. surgeon and lecturer 18:W 1885
Little, Peter. American mechanic and statesman 1775 1830
Little, Robbins. Trustee of Astor Library 1832 —
1766
L I T T L E — I 0 R I N G
Kt)RN DIED
Little, Sophia L. Am. poetess and humanitarian- 17ii9
Little Turtle. American Indian chief 1812
Littledale, Kichard F. Eng. divine and writer... 1S:!3
Littlejohn, Abrani N. Am. P. 15. bp. and author. . 1824
Littlejotin, DeW'itt C Am. soldier and statesman ISl.S ....
Littlepage, Lewis. American dijilomatist 17ii2 1S02
Littleton, Edw., Lord. Eng. judge and statesman l.Wii 1645
Littleton or Lyttleton, Thos.. Sir. Eng. jurist... . 1420? 14X7
Littr6, Maximilien l^iul Emile. Fr. philologist. . 1801 1881
Littrow, von, .Toseph Johann. Ger. astronomer.. 17sl 1S40
Littrow, Karl Ludwig. Ger. astron. and author.. 1811 1877
Livermore, .-ibiel Abbot. Am. Unit. cl. and edu.. 1811
Livermore, .Arthur. American jurist 1776 ix.'i.'i
Livermore, Edw. St. Loe. Am. law. and statesm. 17(12 I.S82
Livermore, George. Am. autiriuarian and author 1809 IS65
Livermore, Wary A., born Kice. Am. reformer.. 1821
Livermore, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1732 l.so.3
Livermore, Samuel. Am. lawyer and author 1786 18S3
Liverpool, Charles J.. 1st earl of. British statesm 1727 1808
Liverpool, Robert B. J., 2d earl of. British states 1770 1828
Livingston, Edward. Am. statesman and jurist. 1764 1S86
Livingston, Henry B. American soldier, states.. 1757 1823
Livingston, Henry \Y. Am. lawyer and states 1768 1810
Livingston, John Henry, .\merican clergyman. . 1746 1825
Livingston, John \Vm, .\nierican naval oilicer .. 1804 1885
Livingston, Peter Van Brngh. Am. states.. merch 1710 1792
Livingston. Philip. Am. states. Sou nf Robert. - . 1686 1749
Livingston, Philip. Am. states. Sig'r Dec.of lud. 1716 177S
Livingston, Robert. Scotch statesman in Am ICM 1725
Livingston, Robert R. American statesman 1718 1775
Livingston, Robert R. American statesman 1746 IS13
Livingston, Walter. American statesman 1740 1797
Livingston, William. Am. lawyer, statesman 1723 1790
Livingstone, David. Scotch explorer in Africa.. 1X17 1873
Livlus, Peter. English jurist in Canada 1727 1795
Livy. Tiltis Lirivx. Roman historian B.C. 59 a.d. 18
Llewellyn I. Prince of Wales 1190? 1240
Llorente, Juan Antonio. Spanish historian 17.56 1823
Lloyd, David. Welsh jurist in America 1056 1731
Lloyd, Edward. American statesman 1799 1834
Lloyd, James. .Vmericau physician 1728 1810
Lloyd, James. American statesman 1769 1.831
Lloyd, Henry. Brit, officer and writer on tactics. 1729 1783
Lloyd, Henry. Am. lawyer, gov. of Maryland 18.52
Lloyd, Thomas. Welsh Quak. phys., states, in Am 1«40 1694
Loayza, de, Jeronimo. Sp. R. C. bishop in Lima. 1,500 1575
Lobau, de, Georges Mouton, Count. Fr. marshal 1770 1838
Lobeck, Justus F. Ger. naturalist in Chili 1869
Lobeck, Christian A. Ger. phil. and antiquary.. 1781 1860
Lobelra, de, Vasco. Portuguese author 1360? 1403
Lobel, Mathieu. Flemish botanist 1.538 1616
Lobo, Francisco Rodriguez. Portuguese Doet 1652
Lobe, Martin. Mexican clergyman and engineer. 1580 1642
Lochman, Augustus Herman. .\m. clergyman 1802
Lochman, John George. Am. L. clergyman 1773 1826
Lochrane, Osborne .\irgustus. Irish jurist in Am 1887
Locke, David Ross. Pclr'm V. Xnsbj/. Am. satirist 1833 1888
Locke, Jane Ermina. American authoress 1.805 1859
Locke, John. Eng. philosopher and theologian... 1632 1704
Locke, John. .American scientist and inventor.. 1792 1856
Locke, Matthew. Am. soldier and statesman 1730 1801
Locke, Richard Adams. American journalist 1800 1871
Locke, Samuel. Am. educator and clergyman.. . . 1732 1778
Locker, Frederick. English author '." 1821
Lockhart, John Gibson. Scot, writer and critic. 1794 1854
Lockwood, Belva Ann B. Am. educator, lecturer. 1830
Lockv/ood, Henry Hays. Am. soldier, educator. . 1814
Lockwood, Homer. Nichols. Am. topographer. . 1833
Lockwood, James Booth. Am. .\rctic explorer. . . 1852 1884
Lockwood, Samuel. American naval officer 1803
Lockwood, Samuel. Eng. cl. and edu. in Am 1819
Lockyer, .loseph Norman. English astronomer.. 1833
Lodge, Giles Henry. Am. phys. and translator. . . 1805
Lodge, Henry Cabot. American author 1850
Lodge, Thomas. English poet 1556 1625
Loening, Peter. Swedish botanist in America 1729 1756
Loewenstern, Isidore. Viennesse traveler 1807 1S56
LoewentLal, Isidor. Polish miss, and edu. in Am 1826 1864
Logan. Tah-<ji:h-jute. American Indian chief 172.5? 1770
Logan, Benjamin. Early pioneer of Kentucky 1752 1802
Logan, Celia. Am. journalist and dramatist 1839 ....
Logan, Cornelius .-v. Am. dram., actor, and editor 1806 1853
Logan, Cornelius A. Am. phys. and diplomat 1836
Logan, Eliza. American actress 1829 1872
Logan, George. American statesman and writer. 1753 1821
Logan, George. American surgeon and writer ... 1778 1861
Logan, James. Author, sec. of Wm. Penn in Penn 1674 1751
Logan, James V. Am. clergyman and benefactor. 18&5
Logan, John. American soldier and statesman
Logan, John. Scottish author 1748 1788
Logan, John Alexander. Am. general, statesman 1826 1886
Logan, John Henry. Am. physician and educator 1822 1S.85
Logan, John Wesley. American A. M. E. bishop. 1810 1872
Logan, Olive. American dramatist and actress. . 1841 ....
Logan, Stephen Trigg. American jurist 1800 1880
Logan, Thomas M. Am. phys. and meterologist. . 1808
Logan, William. American lawyer 1718 1776
Logan, William. American jurist 1776 1822
Logan, William Edmond, Sir. Can. geologist 1798 1875
BOKN DIED
Lonae, George. Dr. German naturalist 1875
Loher, von, Franz. German historian 1818 ....
Lohr, Emil. German landscaiie painter 1809 1876
Lola Hlontez, Maria D.P. G. Con. Landsfleld. Adv 1820? 1861
Lolbiniere, de, Eustace G. M. C. Can. statesman 1821 ....
Lomax, John Taylor. Am. jurist and author 1781 1862
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo. It. paint., w'r on art. . 1538 1600
Lombard. Fr. missionary and author </rtfrl744
Lombard, Peter. Italian theologian lioo li64
Lombard!, Alfonso. Italian sctiTptor 14x7 1536
Lomenie, de, Louis L(5ouard. French author 1X18 1878
Lomonosoff, Mikhail. Russian poet and gram.. 1711 1765
Londonderry, Chas. Wm. S. V. Marq.of. Bt. gen 1778 1854
Long, Charles Chaille. ,\m. exp. and diplomal. . . 1.S42 ....
Long, Clement. Am. clergyman and lecturer 1806 1861
Long, Crawford W. Am. physician and writer. .. 1815 1878
Long, Edward. Eng. author and jur. in Jamaica. 1734 1813
Long, Edwin. English artist 18S9 1891
Long, George. English classical scholar 1800 1879
Long, John Collins. American naval officer 1795 1865
Long, John Davis. Gov. of Mass.. Rep. in Congress 18:18
Long, Pierse. American soldier and statesman. . 1739 1789
Long, Robert C. -Am. architect and writer 1819 1849
Long, Roger. English astronomer 16.S0? 1770
Long, Stephen Harrinmn. .American engineer 1784 1864
Longacre, James Barton. American engraver 1794 1869
Longet, Fraueois -Achille. French physician 1811 1871
Longfellow, Ernest Wadsworth. American artist 1845
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. American poet. 1807 1882
Longfellow, Samuel. Am. cl. and author 1819 ....
Longfellow, Stephen. Am. statesman, writer... . 1775 1849
Longhi, Giuseppe. Italian engraver ]7ii6 1831
Longinos, JosC'. Spanish n.aturalist. explorer 1750 1803
Longinus, Dionysius C. Greek philos., critic 210 273
Longland, William. See Langland.
Longley, Charles Thos. Abp. of Canterbury 1794 1868
Longman, William. British publisher 1877
Longnecker, Henry Clay. .Am. law. and soldier. 1820 1871
Longomontanus, Christiern S. Dan. astronomer 1562 1647
Longperier, de, .Adrien. French archaeologist. .. 1816 1882
Longstreet, .Augustus B. Am. cl. and author 1790 1870
Longstreet, James. Confed. lieutenant general.. 1821
Longstreet, William. .American inventor 1760 1814
Longstreth, Miers Fisher. Am. phys. and csfron 1819
Longuell, de, Christophe. French Latin scholar. 1490 1522
Longueville, de, Anne G.deB.C. Fr.pol. agitator 1619 1679
Longwortb, Nicholas. Am. horticulturist 1782 1863
Longworthy, John. Can. lawyer and statesman. 1814 1885
Longycar, John Wesley. American jurist 1820 1875
Lonnrot or Loennrot, Elias. Finnish philologist 1802 1884
Lonsdale, John. Rev. Eng. prelate and scholar.. 1788 1867
Loo, van. see Vanloo.
Loomis, .Alired Lebbeus. Am. phys. and author. . 1831 ....
Loomis, Arphaxcd. .Am. educator and jurist... . 1798 1885
Loomis, Dwight. American jurist 1821 ....
Loomis, Elias. -Am. physicist and mathematician I8II 1889
Loomis, Justin Rudolph Am. edu. .and author. . 1810
Loomis, Lafayette Charles. Am. edu. and author 1824 ....
Loomis, Silas Laurence. Am. phys. and author.. 1822
Loop, Henry Augustus. .American artist 1831
Loop, .' 'unette Sheperd. American artist 1840 ....
Loos, <. iiarles Louis. Ger. edu. and jour, in Am.. 1823
Loot, van, Girard, Dutch author.- )705 1761
Lootens, Louis. Belgian R. C. bishop 1825
Lope de Vega Carpio. See Vega Cakpio.de.
Lopes, Catano. Brazilian phys. and historian. . .. 1780 1860
Lopez, Carlos .Antonio. President of Paraguay.. 1790 1862
Lopez, Francisco Solano. President of Pai-aguay 1827 1870
Lopez, Juan Francisco. Mex. jurist and author. . 1699 1778
Lopez y Planes, A'icente. Argentine states., poet 1784 1856
Loquillo or Luquillo. West Indian Cacique 1478 1525
Lorain, Lorenzo. Am. engineer and inventor 1831 1882
Loranger, Louis Onesime. Canadian jurist 1837
Loranger, Thomas J. J. Can. juristand editor. . . 1823 1885
Loras, .Mathias. Fr. R. C. bishop in America 1792 1858
Lord, lu-njamin. Am. C'ongregational clergyman 1694 1784
Lord, Charles Bachus. American jurist 1810 1868
Lord, Daniel. American lawyer 1795 1868
Lord, Daniel Minor. American clergyman 1800 1861
Lord, David Xevins. .Am. theologian" and author. 1792 18.S0
Lord, Eleazer. Am. philanthropist and author. ., 3788 1871
Lord, James Cooper. Am. nianu. and benefactor 182o 1869
Lord, John. Am. clergyman and historian 18IO ...
Lord, John Chase. Am', lawyer and clergyman... 1805 1.877
Lord, J. K. English naturalist and author 1817 1872
Lord, John King. .American clergyman 1819 1849
Lord, Nathan. .Am. clergyman and educator 1793 1870
Lord, Otis Phillips. American jurist 1812 1884
Lord, Scott, .American lawyer and statesman. .. . 1820 1885
Lord, \Villiain W. .Am. clergyman and educator. 1819
Lord, ^^'illis. Am. clergyman and educator 1809
Lorenzana y Butrou, F.A Sp. archbishop 1722 1801
Lorguet, Louis M. P. Haytian soldier, statesman 1825 1876
LorUlard, Jacob. .Am. merchant, iihilauthropist. 1774 1838
Lorimer, tleorge Claud. Scotch cl.. and author.. 1838 ....
Loring, Charles G. Am. lawyer and orator 1794 1808
Loring, Ellis Gray. American lawyer 1803 1858
Loring, Frederick Wadsworth. .Am. journalist, . . 1848 1871
Loring, George B., M. D. Am. states, and agric. 1817
LORING — LUTZ
1767
BORN DIED
Loring, Israel. American cler^ymau and writer. Itis-J 1772
Loring, James S. Am. bookseller and author 17l*it 1.^4
Loring, Joshua. American naval officer 1716 1781
Loring, Joshua. Am. commissary of prisoners... 1737 17S9
Lorinser, Karl Ignaz. German physician iTi'G 1S53
Lorm, Hieronymus. H<:nri LatHkym'in. Ger. aulh 1S21
Lome, John Geo. E. H. S.C., Marq. Got. -gen. Can 1S45
Lorrain, Claude. See Claude Lorbain.
Lorraine. See Guise, de.
Lorraine, de. Charles. French statesman 1625 1574
Lorraine, Narcisse Zephriu. Can. K. C. bishop... lsi2 —
Losada, de, Die^o. Spanish adventurer 1519 1569
Losada "r Lozada, Manuel Mexican bandit lS2o IS73
Loskiel, Georire Henrv. Ru. Moravian bishop.. . . 1740 1814
Los Santos, de, Thomas. Argentine R. C. cl 1826 1S68
Lossing, Benson John. Am. hist, and engraver.. 1813 1891
Loss, Lfwis HomrL American clergyman 1803 1865
Lothairel. Emperor of the West 795 855
Lothaire II. or III. Emperor of Germany. 1075 1137
Lothrop, Charles Henry. Am. surgeon, inventor LSil
Lothrop, George Van Ness. Am. statesm., diplo. 1817
Lothrop, Harriet Mulford. Am. authoress 1844
Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland. Am.cl.and writer... 1804 1SS6
Lothrop, Thomas. Eng. sol. and statesman 1675
Lotich, Peter. German poet 1528 1560
Lott, John A. American jurist 1805 1878
Lottenschiold. Mathias. Ger. Jesuit and exp — 1729 1782
Lotter, Frederic August. Ger. botanist, author... 1741 1806
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann. Ger. philosopher 1817 1881
Loud, Marguerite St. Leon. American poetess;. . . 1800 ....
Loudon, Gideon E.. Baron. Aus. field marshal. . . 1716 1790
Loudon, John C. Scot, horticulturist, botanist. . 1783 1843
Loudoun, John C, fourth earl of. Brit. gen, in Am 1705 1782
Lough, Johu Graham. English sculptor 1804 1876
Loughborough, James Moore. Am.soldi'r.lawy'r 1833 1876
Loughborough, Mary Webster. Am. ai:thoress. .. 1836 1887
Loughlin, John. Irish R. C. bishop in America. . 1816
Louis, Antoine. French surgeon 1723 1795
Louis, Pierre Charles Alexandre. French phys.. . 1787 1872
Louis I. Emp. of the West, and King of France. . 778 840
Louis VI. Le Gros OT Tfie Ffit. Kiug of France. . . 1078 1137
Louis IX, or Saint Louis. King of France 1215 1270
Louis XI. King of France. Estab. postotRces Fr. 142:^ 1483
Louis XII. Kiug of France 1462 1515
Louis XIII. King of France. Richelieu prime miu IGOl lt>43
Louis XIV. King of France If':i8 1715
Louis XV. K. of France. Lost Can. and other col 1710 1774
Louis XVI. King of France. Guillotined.. 1754 1793
Louis XVII. Kiug of France. Dauphin 17h5 1795
Louis XVIII. King of France. M-nisirnr 175o 1824
Louis I. K'lrl Auf/u^t Ludaln. King of Bavaria. . . 1786 1868
Louis IV. The Bdvarinu. Emperor of Germany.. 1286? 1347
Louis Napoleon. See Bonaparte. Napoleon III..
Louis PhUlippe. King of the French 1773 1850
LOuverture. See Toussaint LOuvkrture.
Louvet, de, Couvray. Jean B. Fr. revolutionist. 1760 1797
Louvols, de, F. M. L.. Marquis. Fr. statesman.. . 1639 1691
Lovat, Simon F., Lord. Scot. Jacobite conspirat'r 1667? 1747
Love, Smoloff Palace. Am. soldier and lawyer... 1826
Lovejoy, Elijah P. Am.abol., murdered byamob 1802 1837
Lovelace, Ada Augusta. Only child of Lord Byron 1815 1S52
Lovelace, Francis. Eng, Colonial governor in Am 1630
Lovelace, Richard. English poet 1618 1658
Lovell, Frederick Solon. Am. law. and soldier. .. 1814 1878
Lovell, Jsmes. Am. educator and statesman 1737 1814
Lovell, John. American educator 1710 1778
Lovell, Joseph. Am. surgeou-geueral 1788 1836
Lover J Samuel. Irish author 1797 1868
Lovering, Jo;^eph. Am. scientist and author — 1813
Lovewell, John. Eng. sol. and centenarian in Am 16::'4 1754
Lovewell, Jonathan. Am. clergyman and judge. . 1713 1792
Low, Abiel Abbot. .\m. merchant, philanthropist 1811
Low, Frederich Ferdinand. Am. states., diplomat. 1828
Low, Isaac. American merchant and statesman. . 173-'} 1791
Low, Nicholas. Am. merchant and statesman 1739 1826
Low, Sampson, Jr. English publish and author. . 1823 1871
Low, Samuel. American poet 17t»o
Low, Seth. .\m merch.. pres. of Columbia college Is-iO
Low, Will Hicok. American artist 1853
Lowe, David Pearley. Am. jurist and soldier 1823
Lowe, Hudson, Sir. Brit, gen., gov. of St. Helena 1769 1844
Lowe, James. Inventor of the screw propeller 1866
Lowe, Johaun Karl Gottfried. German composer 1706 1869
Lowe, John. Scottish educator and poet in Am.. 17.50 1708
Lowe, John Williamson. Am. lawyer, soldier 1809 1861
Lowe, Ludgwig. German divine and traveler — 1809
Lowe, Martha Ann. American poetess 1829
Lowe, Robert, Viscount Sherbrook. Eng. states'n 1811
Lowe, Sophie. German singer 1811 1866
Lowe, Thaddeus S. C. Am. aeronaut, inventor. . . 18.S2
Lowe, William W. Am. soldier and engineer 1831
Lowell, Anna Cabot. American authoress 1819 1874
Lowell, Charles. American clergyman, writer. . . 1/82 1867
Lowell, Edward J. American lawyer and atithor 1845
Lowell, Francis Cabot. Americau'manufacturer. 1775 1817
Lowell, James Kussell. American poet 1819 1891
Lowell, John. American soldier and statesman.. 1743 1802
Lowell, John. American lawyer and writer 1769 1840
Lowell, John. Founder of Lowell Inst.. Boston, . 1799 1836
BORN* DIEH
Lowell, John. American jurist 1824 —
Lowell, Josephine Shaw. Am. philanthropist 1843
Lowell, Maria White. American poetess 1821 1853
Lowell, Robert T. S.. M. D. American miss., auth 1816 ....
Lowenthal, John J;'.cota. Hun.-Amer. chess player 1810 1876
Lower, Richard. English anatomist 1631 1691
Lowndes, Charles. American naval officer 1798 1885
Lowndes, Rawlins. American lawyer, statesman 1722 1800
Lowndes, Thomas. American merchant, states.. 1765 1843
Lowndes, William Jones. American statesman. . 1782 1822
Lowndes, William T. English bibliographer 1880? 1843
Lowrie, John C. American clergy, and author 180S
Lowrie, John M, Am.clergymau and author 1817 1867
Lowrie, Jonathan R. Am. lawyer and botanist. . . 1823 1885
Lowrie, Reuben. American miss, and translator. 1827 1860
Lowrie, Samuel T. Am. clergyman and vriter. . . i8o5
Lowrie, Walter. Scottish states., reformer in Am 1784 1868
Lowrie, Walter Hoge. American jurist and writer 3807 1876
Lowrie, W'alter M. Am. missionary and author. . 1819 1847
Lowry, George. American Cherokee chief 1770 1852
Lowry, Robert. Am. cl. and musical composer.. 1826
Lowther, George. English pirate 1722
Loy, Matthias. Am. clergyman and educator 1828
Loyola, de. Saint I. Sp. founder Society of Jesus 1491 1556
Loyson, Charles. F^rc Hynchitlie. Fr. pulpit orator 1827
Loza, Jose M. Bolivian Tawyer and diplomatic agt 1799 1862
Lozano, Francisco R. Peruvian astron.. navigator 1607 1677
Lozier, Charlotte I. Am. physician and lecturer. 1844 1870
Lozier, Clarence Sophie. American physician... 1812 1888
Luaces, Joaquin Lorenzo. Cuban author 1826 1867
Lubbock, Ellen Frances. Wife of Sir John L 1835 1879
Lubbock, Francis Richard. Am. sold., states'n... 1815
Lubbock, John. Sir. Eng. statesman. naturalist.. 1834 ...
Lubbock, John William, Sir. English astron 1803 1865
Lubke, Wilhelm. German art historian 1826
Lucan. Roman poet 39 65
Lucan, George C. B., third Earl of. Brit, general. 1800 188S
Lucas, Charles Jean Marie. French reformer 1802 1874
Lucas, Daniel Bedinger. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1836
Lucas, George W. Am. musician and educator. .. 1800 1880
Lucas, John. English painter 1807 1874
Lucas, John B.C. French jurist in America 1772 1842
Lucas, Robert. American soldier, statesman 1781 1853
Lucas, Thomas John. Am. soldier and statesman 1826
Lucca, Pauline. German vocalist 1842
Luce, Stephen Bleecker. American rear admiral. 1827
Lucian. Greek satirical author. 120? 2007
Lucilius, Caius. Latin satiric poet B.C. 149 B.C. 103
Lucio, Rafael. Mexican physician and edvicator. 1819 1886
Lucke, Gottfried C. F. German theologian 1792 1855
Luckey, Samuel. Am. clergyman and editor 1791 1869
Lucretia. Roman woman, illustrious for virtue.. B.C. 510
Lucretius. Titus Lucrftius Cams. Rom. poet, b.c.95 B.C. 52
Lucullus, Lucius L. Roman eon. and gen.. B.C. 110 B.C. 57
Ludden, Patrick A. Irish R. C. bishop in Am 1838
Ludewig, Hermann E. Ger. law. and auth. in Am 1809 1856
Ludlam, Reuban. Am. physician and educator.. . 1831
Ludlow, Edmund. Eng. Commonwealth leader.. 1620 1693
Ludlow, Fitz Hugh. American author 1836 1870
Ludlow, George Duncan. American jurist 17;>4 1808
Ludlow, James Reilv. American jurist 1825 1886
Ludlow, Johu. Am. clergyman and lecturer 1793 1857
Ludlow, Noah Miller. American actor 1795 1886
Ludlow, Roger. English statesman in America.. 1590 1665-
Ludwick, Christopher. Ger. soM., philan. in Am 1720 ]801
Ludwig III. Grand Duke of Hesse 1806 1877
Ludwig, Christl-^n Gottleib. German botanist.. . 1709 1773
Ludwig, Karl FriedrichW. Ger. physiologist — 1816
Luers, John Henrv. AVestphalian R. C. bishop... 1819 1871
Lufft, Hans. Tlu: Bif>l€ Friiiter. German printer. . 1495 1584
Lugue, de, Fernando. Sp. edu. and explorer 1484 1531
Luini "T Lovlni, Bernardino. Italian painter a/t. 1530
Luitprand. Lombard historian 920? 972
Lukenbach, Abraham. Am. miss, and writer — 1777 1854
Lukens, Henrv Clav. American journalist 1838 —
Lukin, Lionel'. Eng. inventor of the lifeboat 1742 1834
Lull, Edward Phelps. Am. naval officer, and edu 1836 1887
Lulli or Lnlly, Jean Baptiste. It.-Fr. composer. .. 1675 1701
LuUy, Ravmond. Spanish philosopher 1235 1315
Lumpkini John Henry. American jurist 1812 1860
Lumpkin, Joseph Henry. American jurist. 1799 1867
Lumpkin, Wilson. American statesman 1783 1860
Luualilo I. Kiug of the Sandwich Islands 1835 1874
Luna y Arellano, de, Tristan. Spanish explorer 1519 1571
Lundy, Benjamin. American abolitionist 1789 1839
Lundy, John Patterson. Am.cl.and writer 1823
Lungren, Charles Marshall. Am. scien.. journ. . . 1S53
Lungren, Ferdinand Harvey. American artist... 1857
Lungren, Samuel Smith. Am. phys. and writer. 1827
Lunt,Gporge. American statesman and author. . 1803 1885
Lunt, William Parsons. Am. cl. and author 1805 1857
Lupton, Nathaniel T. Am. chemist and edu 1830
Lushington, Stephen. Eng. pol.. abolitionist 1782 1873
Lus'gnan, Juan B. A. Can. lawyer and journ 1843
LUSR, William Thompson. Am. phvs. and author 1838
Luther, Martin. Leader of Ger. Reformation 1483 1546
Iiiitke, Fedor Petrovitch. Russian traveler 1797 1882
Lutolf. Alois Prof. Swiss historian .. 1824 1879
Lutz. Nicholas. Ger. sol. and statesman in Am.. 1740 1807
1768
LUXEMBOURG — McCRE A
BORN DIED
Luxembourg, de, Fraafois Henry. Marshal of Fr. 1028 li.as
Luynes, de, Honort- Thudoric. Fr. areliitolosrist 1802 lb(i7
Luz-Cabellero, Jose de la. Cub.edu. and author 1809 1SG2
Luzan, Iguaoio. Spanish poet and critic 1702 1754
Luzenberg, Charles Aloysius. Ital.phTs.,surg... ISOo l)yl8
Luzerne, de la, Anne Cesar. Fr. diplomatist 1741 1791
Lyall, James. .Scot, iuveutor and mauuf. in Am. 1S>8
Lybrand, Joseph. American M.E. clergyman 1793 1845
Lycurgus Spartan lawgiver E. c. 9th c?
Lydgate, John. English poet 1375? 14i;i?
Lydius, Johannes. Dutch Eef. clergyman in Am 1709
Lydius, John Henry. Bel. In. trad., ling, in Am. 1093 1791
Lyell, Charles, Sir. British geologist 1797 1.S75
Lyell, Thomas. American P. E. clergyman 1775 1S4S
Lyle, John. American clergyman and educator. . 1709 1825
Lyle, William. Scottish poet in America 1822
Lyman, Benjamin Smith. Am engineer and w'r. 1835
Lyman, Chester Smith. Am. inventor, astron 1814 1890
Lyman, Daniel Wanton. Am. states., philan 18J4 1886
Lyman, David Beldeu. American missiou.arv 1803 1884
Lyman, Hannah Willard. American educator... 1816 1871
Lyman, Henry. Am. missionary in Sumatra 1808 1834
Lyman, Henry Munsou. Phys. and auth. in Am. 1835
Lyman, Joseph. American Con'l clergyman 1749 1828
Lyman, Joseph. American artist 1&13
Lyman, Joseph Bardivoll. Am. agr. and journ 1829 1872
Lyman, Laura Elizabeth Baker. Am. journalist. . 1831
Lyman, Sarah Joiner. American educator 1805 1885
Lyman, Theodore. Am. naturalist and author... 1833 ...
Lyman, Theodore, Jr. Am. statesman, philan 1792 1849
Lyman, Theodore Benedict. Am. P. E. bishop 1815
Lyman, William. Am. statesman and diplomat. . 1753 1811
Lymburner, Adam. Scot, merch., states in Can. 1746 1836
Lynch, Charles, Jr. American governor 1853
Lynch, James D. Am. educator and author 1836
Lynch, John J. Irish R. C. Archbishop in Canada 1816 1888
Lynch, John Roy. .American statesman 1847
Lynch, Patricio. Chilian naval officer 1825 1886
Lynch, Patrick N. Irish R. C. bp., edn, in Am. . . 1817 1882
Lynch, Thomas. American statesman 1720 1776
Lynch, Thomas, Jr. Am. soldier and statesmjin.. 1749 1779
Lynch, William F. Am. naval officer, explorer... ISOl -ISGo
Lynch, William W. Can. statesman and editor.. 1845
Lynda, Benjamin. American jurist 1666 1745
Lynde, Benjamin, Jr. American jurist 1700 1781
Lynde, William P. Am. lawyer and statesman. .. 1817 1885
Lyndhurst, John S. C, Baron. L. cbauc. of Eng. 1772 1863
Lyndon, Josiah, American statesman 1704 1778
Lyon, Asa. Am. clergyraau and statesman 1763 1841
Lyon, Caleb. Am. statesman and diplomat 1822 1875
Lyon, Chittendou. American statesman 1786 1842
Lyon, George F. Eng. naval officer and author. . . 1795 1S32
Lyon, John Christian. Ger. cl. and author 1802 1868
Lyon, Lucius, American statesman 1800 1851
Lyon, Mary. Am. edu. Founder Mt.HolyokeSem 1797 1849
Lyon, Matthew. Irish soldier and statesm. in Am 1746 1822
Lyon, Natlifluiel. American general. 1818 1861
Lyons, -\lbert B. Hawaiian chem. edn. and w'r. . 1811 ....
Lyons, Edmund, Baron. British admiral 1790 1858
Lyons, James G. Eng. cl.. edu. and poet in Am 1868
Lyons, Richard B. P., Viscount Eng. diplomatist 1817 1887
Lysander. Spartan statesman and general b. c. 395
Lyslas. .\theiiian orator b. c. 458 .378
Lysimachus. Gr. general and king of Thrace. b. c. 360? 282
Lysons, Daniel. Sir. Englishgeneral 1816
Lytle, William Haines. Am. sol. law. and poet... 1826 1.S63
Lyttleton, George.. Baron. Eng. statesm. and an. 1709 1773
Lyttleton, William H., Baron. Eng. states, in Am 1720 1808
Lytton, Lord. See Bulwer-Lytton.
M
Maanen, van. Cordis Felix. Dutch statesman..
Mabery, Charles Frederic. Am. chemist, edn...
Mabillon, Jean. -French Benedictine and author
Mably, de, Gabriel Bonnot, Abbi-. Fr. publicist.
Mabuse, de, Jan. Flemish painter
Macadam, John Loudon. Scot, improver of roads
McAdoo, Mary F. Floyd. American authoress...
McAdoo, William Gibbs. .American jurist
McAfee, Robert Breckenridge. Am.dipl., author
Macalester, Charles. Scottish mer., nav.iu Am.
Macalester, Chas. Jr. Am. merchant, philan....
McAlester, Miles Daniel. Am. soldier, ensineer.
MacAlister, James. Scot. edu. and authorin Am.
McAllister, Matthew Hall. Am. jurist, writer .
McAllister, Ward. N. Y. lawyer and social leader
McAlplne, William Jarvis. Civil engineer
McAnally, David Rice. Am. cl. and author
WacArdell, James. English mezzotint ensTraver
MacArthur, Arthur. Seotish-American jurist.. . .
MacArthur, Charles Layfevette. Am. journ., sen
McArthur, Duncan. Am. sol. and aov of Ohio. .
Macartney, George. Earl of. Irish diplomatist
Macaulay, Catherine, English authoress
Macaulay, Thomas B.,Lord. Englishhistorlan. .
Mac-Auley, Catherine E. Irish philanthropist..
McAuley, Jeremiah. Ref. thief, city miss.,N.Y...
1769
1S43
1.S.iO
1632
1707
1709
1785
14!l()
1562
]7.'i6
1836
mfi
1X20
17S4
1849
1765
1.8.32
1798
1.S73
1,S33
1866
18411
I.SOO
1865
l.Si5
1K12
1890
181(1
1710?
1765
1815
1,S24
1772
1839
1737
1806
17:B
1791
1800
1859
1787
1.S41
18;i»
1884
BORN DIED
Macawlay, James B.. Sir. Can. soldier, jurist 1793 1859
Macbeth, King of Scotland ]057
MacBride, James. American ]>bvs. and botanist.. 1784 1817
McBride, James Henry. Am. soldier and lawyer 1815 1862
MacCabe, Edward. Irish cardinal 1816 1885
McCabe, James Dabney. Am. cl. and journ 1808 1875
McCabe, James Dabney. American author 1842 1883
McCabe, John Collins. American cl. and poet 1810 1875
McCabe, William Gordon. Am. edu, and author. 1841
McCaffrey, John. .\m R. C. cl. aud author 1806 1882
McCagg, Ezra B. Am. lawyer and writer 1825
McCalne, Alexander. Ir. clergyman in America. 1775 1856
McCall, Edward R. American naval officer 1790 1853
McCall, Geo. .\rchibald. Brig.-Gen. U. S. Vols. .. 1802 1868
McCall, Hugh. Am. soldier and writer 1867 1824
McCall, John Cadwalder. American poet 1793 1846
McCall, Peter, .im. lawyer and educator 1809 1880
McCalla, Daniel. Am. clergvman aud educator.. 1748 1809
McCalla, William Latta. Am. Presbv. cl 1788 1859
McCallum, Daniel C. Scottish-.\mefican enErin'r 1815 1878
McCallum, Lachlan. Scottish-Canadian states... 1888
McCalmont, Alfred B. :Am. lawyer and soldier.. 1825 1874
McCandless, Wilson, .-imerican jurist 1810 1882
McCann, William Peun. American naval officer. 1830
McCarroU, James. Irish Inventor and poet 1S14
McCartee, Jessie Graham. American poetess. . .. 1796 1855
McCartee, Robert. Am. clergvm'an and lawyer. . 1791 1865
MacCarthy, Denis Florence. Irish poet .", ... 1817 1882
McCarthy, Justin. Eui;lishjournalist.auth..M. P 1830
MacCartney. Washington. American educator. . 1812 1856
Mccarty, William Monroe. Am. jurist, soldier... 1816
McCaul, John. Irish edu. and journ. in Canada. . 1807
McCauley, Charles Adam H. Am. soldier, writer 1847
McCauley, Charles Stewart. Am. naval officer... 1793 1869
McCauley, Edward Yorke. Am. naval officer 1826
McCaw, James Brown. American surgeon 1772 1846
McCawley, Charles Grymes. Am. marine officer. 1827
MacCheyne, Robert Murray. Scottish divine 1813 1843
Macchiavelli. See M.\chiavelli.
McClelan, Abuer Reid. Canadian statesman 1&31
McCleUan, Carsvvell. Am. civil engineer, soldier 1835
McClellan, Ely. Am. physician and author 18.34
McCleUan, George. American surgeon, educator 1796 1847
McClellan, George Brinton. American general. . 1826 1885
McClellan, Heniy Brainerd. Am. sold., educator 1840
McClellan, John H. B. Am. surgeon, writer 1823 1874
McClellan, Samuel. Am. soldier, statesman 1730 1807
McClellan, Samuel. Am. physician, educator 1800 1853
McClelland, .Alexander. Am. cl. aud educator... 1796 1864
McClelland, James H. .im. surgeon, educator. .. 1845
McClelland, Milo Adams. Am. phys. and writer. 1837
McClelland, Robert. Am. lawyer, statesman... . 1807 1880
McClenachan, Charles T. Am. lawyer, author. .. 1829
McClernand, John A. Am. lawyer, statesman 1812
Maccllntock, Samuel. Am. Cougreg. clergyman. 1732 1804
McClintock, Francis L., Sir. Irish arctic expl. . . 1819
McClintoek, John. .\m. Meth. cl. and author 1814 1870
McCloskey, John. First American cardinal 1810 1885
McCloskey, John. Irish R. C. clergyman in .4m. 1817 1880
McCloskey, William G. Am. E. C. bp. and edu. . 1823
McCluney, William J. American naval officer 1796 1864
McClung, Alexander K. Am. lawyer, diplomat. . 1812 1855
McClung, John .\. Am. clergyman" and lawyer. .. . 1804 1859
McClure, Alexander K. Am. journalist, statesman 1828 ....
McClure, Alexander W. Am. clergyman, author, l.SOS 1865
McClure, David. Am. Congregational clergvman 1748 1820
McClure, Robert J. L. M., Sir. Br. arctic na'vigat 1807 1873
McClurg, Alexander C. Am. publisher, soldier. . 18.35
McClurg, James. Am. statesman aud writer 1747 1825
McClurg, Joseph W. Am. lawver and statesman. 1818
MacColl, Evan. Scotch poet in Canada 1808
MacColl, Mary Jemima. Eug. edu. and poetess. 1,S47
McCollestre, Sullivan. Am. cl. and educator 1826
McConaughy, David. Am. Presbv. clergyman, . 1775 18.52
McConnel, John Ludlum. -Vm. law. and author. . 1826 1862
McCook, Alexander McDowell. Am. sol. and edu 1831
McCook, Anson Geo. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1835
McCook, Edward M. Am. lawyer and diplomat. . . l.*v>3
McCook, Edwin S. Am. soldier and governor.. .. 1837 1873
McCook, George W. Am. lawyer aud statesman. . IS-Jl 1877
McCook, Henry Christopher. " Am. naturalist.... 1837 ...
McCook, John." American physician and surgeon. 1806 1865
McCook, John James. Am soldier, and lawyer. . . 1845
McCook, Robert L. Am. soldier and lawyer 1827 1862
McCook, Roderick Sheldon. Am. naval officer. .. 1839 1886
McCook, John James. Am. clergyman and writer 1.S43 —
McCord, David James. Am. statesman, writer. . . 1797 1855
McCord, George Herbert. American artist 1848
McCord, John. Irish pioneer in Canada 1711 1703
McCord, John S. Irish jurist, scientist in Can... 1801 1865
McCord, Louisa Susannah. Am. bene., poetess.. 1810 1880
Mccormick, Cvrus Hall. Am. rcaping-mach. inv 1809 1884
McCormick, Richard Cunningham. Am. author. 1832
McCosh, James. Scotch-Am. metaphvsician 1811 —
McCoskry, Samuel Allen. Am. P. E. bp., lawyer. 1804 1886
McCoy, Isaac, .\merican Baptist clergyman 1784 1846
McCrae, William. Canadian statesiuan 1810 ...
McCrary, George W. Am. judge and rep. in Cong 18.35 . .
McCrea, Jane. Am. woman killed by Indians 1753 1777
McCREERY — MACLAREN
1769
EUK.N DIED
McCreery, Thomas Clay. American Seuator. . . . lf-17 . .^
MacCrie, Thomas. Scottish diviue aud author . . n72 183.)
MacCullagh, James. Irish philosopher 1^09 1S47
McCullagn, Johu. Scottish missionary in ,\m IMl ....
MacCullocll, Horatio. Scotch landscape painter. ls(ii5 1S67
McCiilloch, Hugh. American statesman 180.^
McCulloch, John. British geologist 177S lS.3o
McCulloch, Johu Ramsay. Scottish economist.. . 1779 1864
McCullnurh, John Edward. Iris'i .actor in Am . 1837 ISM
McCully, Jonathan. Canadian jurist 1M)9 lb77
McCurdy, Charles Johnson. American jurist. .. . 1797 1891
McCurdy, James F. Can. educator, translator. .. 1847 ....
McDaniel, Edward D. Am. phys. and inventor.. 1S22
McDaniel, Henry D. Am. lawyer, statesman. .. .1837
McDiH, .\lexander S. Am. phys.. statesman 1822 1875
McDill, Jaiiios Wilson. .Imerican jurist 1834 ....
Macdonald, .Andrew Archibald. Can, statesman. 1829 ....
Macdonald, Donald. Scotch loyalist 1712 1784
Macdonald, Donald A. Canadian statesman 1817
MacDonald, Flora. Scotch heroiue 1720 1790
MacDonald, George. Scottish author 1824 ....
Macdonald, Herbert S. Can. jurist and lecturer. 1842
MacDonald, Hugh. Nova Scotian jurist. 1827
MacDonald, Jacques E. J. A. Marshal of France. 1705 1840
MacDonald, James Madison. Am. cl aud writer. 1812 1876
MacDonald, James Wilson Alex. Am. sculptor . 1824 ....
Macdonald, Johu. \m. states, and benef. in Can 1787 1860
Macdonald, John. Scot, states. and benef. in Can 1824
MacDonald, John Alexander, Sir. Can.statesm. 1S15 1891
Macdonald, John S. Can. lawyer and statesman. 1812 1872
MacDonald, Lawrence. Scottish sculptor 1798 1878
MacDonald, Moses. Am. lawyer and statesmau.. 1814 1869
McDonald, Alexander. Am. statesman, soldier. . 1832
McDonald, Charles James. American iurist 1793 1860
McDonald, Daniel. Can. R. C. cl. andeducator. . 1822 1885
McDonald, Donald. Am. states., civ. eng. in Can 1816 1879
McDonald, Jaro^s. Am. physician and writer 1803 1849
McDonald, James. Nova Scotian jurist 1828 ....
McDonald, Joseph Ewing. Am. law. C.S. Sen.. 1819 —
McDonald, Ronald. Xova Sco. R. C. bp. aud edu. is:i5 ....
Macdonell, Alex. Scot. R. C. bp.. soldier in Can. 1762 1840
Macdonell, -\llan. Can. lawyer aud expdorer 1808 ....
Macdouell, James. English journalist 1842 1879
Macdonell, Miles. Scottish colonist lu Canada. . 1767 1828
McDonogh, John. Am. merchant, fthilanthropist. 1779 1850
Macdonough. Thomas. American commodore... 178;^ 1825
McDougal, Clinton D. Scot, sold., stat'n in Am. 1839 ....
McDougal, David, .\merican naval otticer 1809 1882
Macdougall, John Lorn. Canadian statesman. .. 18:58
Macdougall, Joseph Easton. Canadian jurist.. .. 1846 ...
MacDougall, Pat. L.,Sir. Scot, sol., stat'u in Can. 1819
Macdougall, William. Canadian statesman 1822
McDougall, .\lexauder. American geueral 1731 1786
McDougall, Charles. Am. surgeon and soldier. . . 1804 1885
McDougall, .lames Alex. Am. lawyer, statesman 1817 1867
McDowell, Charles. Am. soldier 'and statesman 1743 1815
McDowell, Ephraim. American surgeon, writer 1771 1830
McDowell, Irvin. American general 1818 1885
McDowell, James. American statesman 1796 1851
McDowell, John. Am. clergyman and author 1780 1863
McDowell, Joseph. Am. soldier and statesman. . 1756 ....
McDowell, Joseph J. American statesman 1800 1877
McDowell, Katherine .Sherwood. Am. authoress 18.53 1.*^
McDowell, Patrick. Irish sculptor 1709 1S70
McDowell, Samuel. American jurist 173-5 1817
McDowell, Silas. American scientist and author 1795 1879
McDowell, William Adair. Am. phys. and writer 1795 1)S53
McDuffie, George. American sen. Gov. of S. C... . 1788? 1851
Mace Frances Parker Laughton. Am. noetess ... 1836 ....
MacEachern, Bernard .\. Scot. E.C. bish. in Can 17.80 1835
Macedo, de, Joaquim M. Braz. edu. and poet 1820
Macedo, de, Joze Ago'stinho. Portuguese poet 1770? 1.8.31
Macedo, de, Sergio T. Braz. diplomat, journalist 1809 1865
McElligott, James X. Am. educator and author. 1S12 1866
McElrath, Thomas. Am. lawyer and author 17.S2 1877
McEntee, Jervis. American artist 1828 .. .
McFadden, Obadiah B. American jurist 1817 1875
McFarland, Francis P. Am. R. C. bp. and edu. .. 1819 1874
Macfarlane, Alexander. Nova Scotian lawyer... 1818
Macfarlane, Robert. Scot. dyer, editor in Am. . 1815 1883
Macfarren, George Alexander. Eng. composer. . 1813 1887
McFerrln, Andersen Purdy. .\m. M. E. clergy... 1818
McFerrin, James. Am. soldier and clergyman... 1784 1840
McFerrin, John Berry. Am. .M. E. clergyman 1807 1887
MacGahan, Januarius Aloysius. .\m. journalist.. 1844 1878
McGarvey, John William. .\m. cl. and author. .. 1829 ....
McGee, Thomas D'Arcy. Irish-Am. journalist 1825 1868
McGee, W. J. American scientist and author.... 1.S53 ....
Macgeorge, Robert Jackson. Scot, cl., author. . . l.sil
MacGeognegan, James. Irish historian 1701? 1764
McGill, -Vlexander T. Am. clergyman, author. .. . 1807
McGill, .-Vlexander Taggart. American jurist 1843 ...
McGill, George McCulloch. A-m. surgeon, soldier 1838 1867
McGUl, James. Scottish philanthropist in Can. . . 1744 1813
McGill, John. Scottish statesman in Canada 17.i2 I8.'M
McGill, John. Am. R. C. bishop and author )8(i9 1.872
McGill, Peter. Scottish statesman in Canada 1789 1860
Macglllivray, William. .Scott ornithologist 1805 is.52
McGillivray, Alexander. Indian chief 1740 1793
BOEN DIEn
McGirtli, Daniel. American scout 1789
McGlynn, Edward. Am. cl. aud labor agitator... 1837 ...
McGraw, John. Am. merchant and benefactor... 1815 1877
McGready, James. Am. Presbyterian clergyman. 1758 1817
MacGreggor, David. Am. Pres. clergyman! 1710 1777
MacGreggor, James. Irish clergymail in Am 1677 1729
Macgregor, John. British statesmau 1797 1857
MacGregor, John. British author and canoeist. 1825
McGrigor, James. Sir. Surgeon and writer 1772 1858
McGroarty. Stephen Joseph. Irish sol., lawver. . 1830 1870
McGuffey, William H. Am. cl. and educator 1800 1873
McGulre, Hunter Holmes. Am. phys. and edu 1835 ....
MacHale, John. Irish archbishop 1791 1881
Machehoeuf, Joseph. Fr. R.C. bishop in America 1812
Machen, Willis Benson. American statesman 1810
McHenry, James. Irish statesman in America... 1753 1816
McHenry, James. Irish diplo. and phys. in Am. . 1785 1815
McHenry, James. Irish merch. and ben. in Am. 1817
Machlavelli, Xiccolo. Florentine statesman... .1469 1527
Machin, Thomas. Eng. engineer, surveyorin Am 1744 1816
Machray, Robert. Scotch P. E. bishop in Can 1832
Mcllhenney, Charles Morgan. American artist.. 1858
MacHvaine, Chas. Pettit. Am. P. E. bishop 1799 1873
Mcllvaine, Joseph. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1768 1826
Mcnvalne, Joshua H. Am. Presby. cl., lecturer. . 1815
Mcllvaine, Richard. Am. Presby. clergvman 1834
Maclnnes, Donald. Scot. mer. and states, in Can 1824 ...
Mclnnes, Thos. Robert. N.S. phys.. states, in Can 1840
Mclntosn, James McKay. Am. naval ofHcer 1792 1860
Mcintosh, Lachlan. Scottish soldierand states. . 1725 1800
Mcintosh, Maria J. ■•Aunt Kitt)/." Am. authoress 1803 1878
Mcintosh, William. Am. Indian chief 1775 1825
Mclntyre, -Alexander F. Canadian lawver 1847
Mclntyre, Daniel E. Scotch phvs. aud soldier... 1812
Mclntyre, Peter. Canadian R. C. bishop 1818
Mclntjnre, Peter Adolphus. Can. phys., states'n. 1840
Mack, John Martin. Ger. Morav. bishop in Am. . 1715 1784
Mackay, Alexander. Scotch journalist 1808 1849
Mackay , Charles. Scotch poet 1814 1889
Mackay, John W. Irish capitalist, benef. in Am. 1831 . . .
Mackay, Robert. Canadian jurist I8IS 1888
McKay, Donald. X. Scotian ship-builder in Am.. 1810 1880
McKay, James. Canadian legislator 1815 1879
Mackay-Smlth, Alex. . Am. P. E.archd., poet 1850
McKean, Joseph. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1776 1818
McKean, Joseph Borden. American jurist 1764 1826
McKean, Samuel. American statesman 1790 1840
McKean, Thomas. .\m. patriot and jurist 1734 1817
McKean, William Wister. Am. naval olficer 1800 1865
McKee, George Colin. Am. lawyer and statesm'n 1836
McKeen, Joseph. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1757 1807
McKeever, Harriet Burn. A"m. edu. and author'ss 1807 1886
McKeever, Isaac. American naval officer 1793 1856
MacKellar, Thomas. Am. type-fdr. and poet... 1812
McKeUar, -\rchibald. Scotch states'n in Canada. 1816
McKendree, William, .\merican M. E. bishop 1757 1835
McKennan, Thos. McKean T. Am. law.aud states. 1794 1852
McKenney, Thos. L. Am. Supt. of Ind. affairs. .. 1785 1859
Mackenzie, .\lex.. Sir. Scot, explorer in N. Am. 1755? 1820
Mackenzie, Alex. Scot, build'r and states, in Can 1822
Mackenzie, Alexander. Am. cl. and lecturer 1830
Mackenzie, -ilex. Slidell. Am. nal. offi. and au. . 1803 IMS
Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell. Am. naval, officer 1842 1867
Mackenzie, Charles K. Scot, diplom. and jour.. . 1788 1862
Mackenzie, Donald. Scottish fur-trader in Am 1783 1851
Mackenzie, G. H. Scot, sol., champ, chess, player 1837 . ..
Mackenzie, Henry. Scottish novelist .'... 1745 1831
Mackenzie, Hettie. American actress 1810 1845
Mackenzie, Kenneth. Scottish jurist in Canada. 1804 1883
Mackenzie, Morell. sir. English phvsician 1837 1.892
Mackenzie, Robert S. Brit, and .\m.'jourualist.. 1809 1880
Mackenzie, ^Villiam. Am. bibliog. and beuefac. . 1758 1828
Mackenzie, William L. Leader of Can. insurgents 1795 1861
McKeon, John. American lawyer 1808 1883
Mackey, Albert G. Am. writer on Freemasonry.. 1807 1881
Mackey, John. M.D. Am. educator and author... 1765 1831
Mackie, John Milton, .\merican author 1813
Mackie, Josias. Irish Presby. clergyman in Am .■ 1716
MoKim, Charles Follen. American architect 1847
McKim, James M. Am. cl. and anti-slavery lect: . 1810 1.S74
McKinley, John. American jurist 1780 1852
McKinley, William. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1844 ....
McKinly, John. .\m. phys. and statesman 1724 1796
McKinney, Mordecai. American states'n, auth. . 1796 1-867
McKinnon, Colin F. Canadian R. C. bishop 1810 1879
McKinstry, James Paterson. Am. naval ofncer. . 1807 1873
Mackintosh, Charles Herbert. Eng. journ.in Can 1813
Mackintosh, James, Sir. Brit, statesman and hist 1765 1832
MacKnight, James. Scottish divine 1721 1800
McKnight, -Vlexander. Scot. cl. and educator. .■.. 1823 ....
McKnight, Charles. Am. phvs. and author 1840
McKnight, Harvey Washington. Am.Luth. cl. . .. 1843
McLachlan, -Alexander. Scot. lect.. poet iu Can.. 1818 —
McLanahan, James Xavier. Am. lawyer, states.. 1809 1861
McLandhurgh, Florence, .\merican "authoress.. 18.50 —
McLane, .Vllan. Am. soldier and statesman 1746 1829
McLane, Louis. American statesman 1786 1857
McLane, Robert M. Am. lawyer and diplomat... 1815
Maclaren, John James. Canadian lawver 1842 —
1770
M c L A R B N — M A I T L A N D
BORN DIED
McLaren, Donald Campbell. Americau clerg — 17'J-l 1SS2
McLaren Robert Neil. Am. soldier, statesman.. ISiS 1S86
McLaren, William Kdward. Am. P. E. bishop ISol ....
McLaughlin, Edward Augustus. Am. poet 179S 1861
Maclaurin, Colin. Scottish mathematician ll>98 1746
Maclay, -ircbibald. Scottish cl. iu America — 1770 IstiO
Maclay, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman 1741 IfiH
Maclay, \Villiam. Am. states, and surveyor 1737 1S04
Maclay, William Brown. Am. statesman 1S12 1882
Maclay, William Plunkett. Am. statesman 1774 1842
Maclay, Wm. Walter. Am. naval officer, civ. eng. 1846 ....
MacLean, .Archibald. Canadian jurist 1791 1865
Maclean, John. Scot-Am. chemist and educator. 1771 1814
MacLean, John. Am. jurist and statesman 1785 1801
Maclean, John. American educator ISOO 1SS6
McLean, Daniel Veech. Am. educator and cl 18U1 1869
McLean, John. Am. mer. and philanthropist 1701 1823
McLean, John. American lawyer and statesman. 1791 1830
McLean, John. Scot. P E. bp., educator in Can. 1828 ....
McLean, Nathaniel Collins. Am. soldier, lawyer 1815 ....
McLean, Sarah Pratt. American author 1858 ....
McLean, William. American statesman 1839
McLelan, Archibald W. N. S. statesman iu Can.. 1824 ....
McLellan, Isaac. American lawyer and poet 1806 ....
McLene, James. American statesman 1730 1S06
McLene Jeremiah. Americau statesman 1707 1837
McLennan, John Ferguson. Scot, social philos.. 1827 1881
Macleod, Norman. Scotch clergyman and author 1812 1872
McLeod, Alex. Am. clergvman and educator — 1774 1833
McLeod, James Farquharson. Can. liw., soldier. . 1830 ....
McLeod, John. Scotch explorer, trader in Can... 1788 1849
McLeod, John Niel. Am. clergymanand educator 1806 1874
McLeod, Malcomb. Canadian jurist 1821
McLeod, Xavier Donald. .\m. clergyman, edu.. .. 1821 1865
Macllse, Daniel. Irish historical painter 1811 1870
Macioskie, George. Irish scientistand educator 1834 —
Maelure, William. Scotch geologist in America 1703 1840
MacMahon, Bernard. Irish-American horticult. 1775 1816
MacMahon, Marie Ed. P.M. Pres.Fr. Repnlilic. 1808 ....
McMahon, John Van L. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1800 18/1
McMahon, Lawrence Stephen N. S. K. C. bishop isa5 —
McMahon, Martin T. Can. lawyer and soldier. ... 1838 ....
McMaster, Douald. Can. member of Parliament 1846
McMaster, Erasmus Darwin. Am. cl. and edu... 1806 1866
McMaster, Gilbert. Irish-.\merican cl. and phys 1778 1854
McMaster, James Alphousus. Am. journalist.. .. 1820 1886
McMaster, John Bach. Americau historian 1852
McMlchael, Clavton. Am. soldier and journalist. 1844 —
McMicliael, William. Am. lawyer and soldier — 1841 —
McMicken, Gilbert. Scot, states., inven in Can. 1815 —
McMillan, Hugh. Scotch divine ISSd
McMillan, James. Can. capitalist, philanthropist 1838 —
McMillan, John. .-Vm. missionary, educator 1752 1833
McMillan, Samuel James K. American jurist — 1826
McMillen, William L. American soldi»r, states'n 1829 —
McMullen, John. Irish-Am. R. C. bishop, edu.... 1833 1883
McMurdie, Henrv. Eng. R. C. clerg., educator. .. 1822 1880
McMurray, William. Irish-Can. P. E. clergyman 1810
McMnrrich, John. Scot. -Can. merch., statesman 1S04 1883
McMurtrie, Henrv. .\merican phys. and author. 1793 1805
McMurtrle, Richard C. Am. law , pub. otli.. w'r. 1819 —
McMurtrie, William. .\m. chemist, scientist — 1851 . ..
MacNal), Allan N., Sir. Canadian statesman 1798 1862
McNair, Alexander. First governor of Missouri. 1784 1826
McNair, Autoiue Reilhe. .Vm. naval oilieer 1839
McNair, FredericIiVallette. Am. naval officer. .. 1839
McNamara, John. Irish P. E. clergyman in Am. 1824 1885
McNaughton, James. Scot. phys. and lecturer.. . 1796 1874
Macnee, Daniel. Sir. Scotch portrait painter 1806 1882
Macneill, llertor. Scotch poet 1746 1818
McNeill, William Gibbs. Am. civil engineer 1800 1853
MacNevin, William J. Irish phys. and edu. in Am 1763 1841
McNierney, Francis. American R. C. bishoii — 1828 —
McNish, George. Am. Presbv. clergvman 1060 1722
McNutt, Alex. Gallatin. Am. law. and statesm. . 1801 1818
Macomb, Aiex. Irish-American merchant 1748 1832
Macomb, . Alexander. American general 1782 1841
Macomb, William Henry. .\m. naval ollicer 1818 1.S72
Macomber, Eleanor. Am. missionary in India. . 1801 1840
Macon, Nathaniel. American tatesman 1757 1837
McPheeters, William M. Am. phys. and editor.. 1815
Macpherson, David L., Sir. Scotch states, in Can 1818 . ...
Macpherson, James. Scotch poet 1738 li96
McPherson, James Birdseve. Am. general- 1828 1864
Mcpherson, Edward. Am. journ. and politician. 1830 ....
McPherson, John Roderic. .American Senator. . . 1833
Mcpherson, William. Am. law. and benefactor.. 18i3 1872
McQuade, James. Am.armyso! : wri.er 1829 1885
MbQuaid, Bernard John. ArieriC: \ R. C. bishop 1823
McQueen, John. .\m. lawyi ar 1 nn' 'ssman.. 1808 1867
McQueen, Thomas. Scot. 'jour, i i. anr.da. . : 03 1801
McQuillen, John Hugh. Am. en t a:.i vriter. j 1879
McRae,JohnJ. Americau stat an ISlo 1868
Macready, William Charles. Eng. -t^edian 1793 187o
McRee, Grithth John. Am. lawyer a..d historian. 1820 18(2
McRee, William. Am. soldierand engineer 1' 7 18.33
McRohe'-ts, Samuel. Am. Lawyer and statesman 1800 1843
Macroblus. Roman author ^ . fiR'lS- ^o^?-
McSherry, James. Am. lawyer and author 1819 1859
BORN DIED
McSherry, Richard. Am. physician, educator.... 1817 1885
McSparran, James. Irish cl., writer iu Am 1080 1757
McTavish, Donald. Scot, explorer in Canada.. .. 1755 1815
McTyeire, Holland Nimmons. Am. M.E.bp 1824
MacVeagn, Wavne. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1833
MacVicar, Donald F. Scot. educ. lee. iu Can .. . 1831
MacVicar, Malcolm. Am. educator, inventor 1829 ....
McVickar, Johu.D. D. Am. professor., author.. . 1787 1868
McVickar, William A. American P. E. cleigym'n 1827 1877
McVicker, James H. Am. actor and theat. mang 1822 —
McWhorter, Alexander. Am. Pies, clergyman... 1724 1807
McWliorter, Alexander. Am. clergyman, educ .. 1832 1880
McWillie, William. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1/95 1869
Macy, Josiah. Am. navigator and merchant 1785 1872
Macy, William H. Am. merchant and banljer 1805 1887
Macy, William .^tarbuck. American artist 1853
Madden, Frederick, Sir. English antiquary 1801 1873
Madden, Richard Robert. Irish author 1798 1886
Madison, Dorothy Pavue. Wife of Pres. Madison. 1772 1849
Madison, James. Ani. P. E. bishop 1749 1812
Madison, James. Fourth pres. of United States. 1751 1836
Madler, Johann Heinrich. German astronomer. 1794 1874
Madoc, "1- Madog. Legendary Welsh prince 1170
Madockawando. .\merican Indian chief 1630 ....
Madoz y Ibanez, Pascual. Sp. pol. and author. . . 1800 1870
Madvlg, Johann Nikolai. Dan. statesman, philol 1804 1886
Maecenas, Caius Cilnius. Roman stasesman e.c. 70? B.C. 8
Maelzi, John Nejiomuk. German inventor 1772 1838
Maerlant, van, Jakob. Flemish poet 1235 1300
Maes, I amillus Paul. Belgium R. C. bishop 1846
Maes, Nicholaas. Dutch painter 1632 1693
Maffei, Andrea. Italian author 1802 1885
Maffel, Francesco Scipione. Italian author 1675 1755
Maffitt, John Newlaud. American revivalist 1795 1850
Maffit, John Newland. American naval officer. .. 1819 1886
Magalhaens, de, Domingo J. G. Brazilian poet.. 1811
Magalhaens, de, Gaudavo P. Port, historian.... 1540 —
Magaw, Samuel. Am. clergyman and educator. . 1740 1812
Magellan, Fernando. Portuguese navigator 1470 1521
Magendie, Fraufois. French physiologist 1783 1855
Magee, William Connor. Archbishop of York 1821 1891
Magens, Joachin M. West Indian author 1715 1783
Maggi, Carlo Maria. Italian poet 1630 1699
Magie, David. American clergyman and author. 1795 1865
Maglll, Edward H. ,\m. educator and author — 1825
Magill, Marv Tucker. Am. educator, authoress.. 1832
Magini, Giovanni Paolo. Italian violin maker. . . H. 1600
Maginn, William. Moryan Odnhcrtij. Irish author 1793 1842
Maginnis, John Sharp. Am. clergyman, educator 1S05 1852
Magliabecchi, -intonio. Italian scholar 1633 1714
Magnan, Bernard Pierre. Marshal of France — 1791 1865
Magne, Pierre. French imperialist 1806 1878
Magnoi, Pierre. French botanist 1638 1715
Magnus, Eduard. Cierman painter 1799 1872
Magnus, Heinrich Gustav. German chemist 1802 1870
Magnus. Olaus. Swedish bishop and historian . 1490? 1568
Magnusson or Magnusen, Finn. Icelan. archsel 1781 1847
Magoffin, Beriah. American statesman 1815 1885
Magoon, Elias L. Am. clergpman, lecturer 1810 1886
Magrath, William. Irish artist in America ..1838
Magruder, Allen Bowie. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1775 1822
Magruder, John B. U. S. officer, con. maj.-gen... 1810 1871
Magruder, Julia. American authoress 1854 —
Maguire, John Francis. Irish author 1815? 18/2
Maguire, Thomas. Nov. Sco. R. C. cl. in Canada. 1776 1854
Magyar, LAszl6. Hungarian traveler iu Africa... 1817 1864
Mahaffy, John Pentland. Brit, divine and anth.. 1839
Mahan, Asa. American clergyman and author... ISOO ....
Mahan, Dennis Hart. American engineer 1802 1871
Mahan, Frederick A. Am. engineer, educator.... 1847
Mahan, Milo. American theologian 1819 1870
Mahmoud r>r Mahmud. Conqueror in India 907 1030
Mahmoud iir Mahmud II. Sultan of Delhi 1246 1266
Mahmoud or Mahmud I. Sultan of Turkey 1696 l/o4
Mahmoud "<• Mahmud II. Sultan of Turkey l/8a 1839
Mahn, Karl A. F. German philologist 1802
Mahomet. SeeMoH.^JiMED
Mahon, Lord. See Stanhope, Philip Henry.
Mahone, William. Am. engineer and statesman. 1R26 ....
Mahony, Francis. Father Prout. Irish journalist 1804 1866
Mai, Angelo, Cardinal. It. librarian and scholar 1/81 lSo4
Maliata, JAnosNepomuk, Count. Hung, historian 1/86 1855
Maillet, de, Benoit. French author 1636 1/3S
Maimhourg, Louis. French historian. .., 1620 1686
Malmonides, Moses. Spanish Jewish rabbi 113o 1204
Main, Robert, Rev. English astronomer.. ....^... 1808 1878
Maine, Henrv James Sumner, sir. Eng. jurist... 1822 I88»
Maine de Blr'an, M. F. Pierre Gonthier Fr meta. 1,66 1824
Maintenon, de, Fran. .Marquis. Cons., LouisXI\ 1635 l/ia
Malr, Charles. Canadian poet 1840 ..^
Mair, Hueh. Scot. Pres. clergyman m America. . 1797 1851
Maisonneuve, Jules Germain F. Fr surgeon.... 1810 ....
Maistral, Desire Marie. Fr. naval officer, 1^64 184-
Maistral, Ernest Tranquille. Fr. naval officer. .. 1/63 1815
Malstre.de, Joseph Marie, Count. It. statesman 1.54 1821
Maistre, de, Xavier, Count. French novelist.... 1^03 185J
Maltin, Jose Antonio. Venezuelan poet 1^98 1874
Maitland, Peregrine, Sir.- Eug..sol and states. .. lijl 1854
Maitland, Richard, Sir, of Lethmgton. Scot, poet 1496 1586
M A I T L A N D — .M A R E T Z E K
1771
RORK
Haitland, Samuel Rofley. Eng. cl. and author.. . 1792
Uaittalre, Michel. Fr. "philologist and bibliog. 1608
Major, George. German theologiau 1502
Major, John Richardbou. Eng. cl. and author 1797
Makart .Hans. Austrian painter 1S40
Makemie, Francis. Irish cl. and author in Am
Makin, Thomas. Am. educator and poet 1665
Makkaree Al. Arabian historian 15^?
Makreezee Al. Arabian author 136(1?
Malan. Solomon Caesar. Eug. el. and linguist... 1812
Malaver, .-Vntonio E. Arg. author aud educator. 1835
Malbone. Edward Greene. .American artist 1777
Maltjonei Francis. American senator 17-57
MalcolmlU. Canmnre. King of Scotland 10.i7
Malcolm, James Feller. Am. artist and engraver 1707
Malcolm, John, Sir. Brit. general and historian. 17(ffl
Malcom, Howard. .American Baptist divine . ... 17119
Malcom, ThomasShields. American clergyman.. 1»21
Malczewski, Antoni. Polish poet 179S
Maldonado, Qiego. Spanish advenlurer
Male, Job. Eng. banker, philanthropist in Am .. 1808
Malehranche, de, Nicholas. Fr. philosoi>her ... 1638
Malesherbes, de, Chretien G. de L. Fr. states"n . 1721
Malherhe, de, Franfois. French poet 1555
Malibran, Maria Felicita. French vocalist- • . 1808
Malik Shall. Seljook conqueror
Malincourt, Hector Charles. West Indian poet. . 1703
Malitourne, M. French author 1795
Mallalieu, Willard Francis. .\m. M E. bishop... 1818
Mallary, Charles Dutton. Am. cl. and writer 1801
Mallary, Rollin Caroius. Am. lawyer and states 1784
Mallefills, FiJlician. French dramatist 1812
Mallery, Garrick: American jurist 1784
Mallery,Garrick. Jr. Am. lawyer, ethnologist. . 1S.S1
Mallet, Charles .\ngustc. French philosopher . 1807
Mallet or Malloch, David. Scottish poet 1700
Mallet, John William. Ir. chemist, edu. in Am. . I8;J2
Mallet, Paul Henri. Swiss hist, of Denmark 1730
Mallet, P.obert. Irish seismologist 1810
Mallian de, Julicn. West Indian author 1805
Mallock, William Hurrell. English author 1849
Mallory George Scovill. Am. edu. and editor. . . 1838
Mallory, Stephen Russell. \V. Ind. law., states. . 1813
Malmesbury, James H.H.,earlof. Eng. states.. 1807
Malmesbury, William of. Eng. historian 1095
Malmstroem or Malstrom, B. E. Swed. poet, w'r 1816
Malone, Edmond. Ir. Shakespearean scholar.... 17-11
Malot, Francois Paul- French author 1770
Malot, Hector Henri. French author 18.30
Malouet, Pierre Victor.. Baron. Fr. dip.,auth. 1740
Malphighl, Marcello. Italian anatomist...; 1628
Maltby, Isaac. .\m. soldier and author 1767
Malte-Bmn, Conrad. Danish geographer. . — 1775
Malthus, Thomas Robert. Englisfi economist... . 1766
Maltzaq. von, Heinrich. K.E. H. Ger traveler.. 1826
Malus, Etienne Louis. French physicist 1775
Malzel, Johann N. German mechanician 1772
Mamberton or Memberton, Henry. Indian chief 1506
Mambre, Zenobius Fr. miss, in America. .. 1645
Mamiani, della RovereT.. Count. It. philosopher 1799
Mamoon, All. Seventh -\bbasside caliph 786 8.33
Mance, Jeanne. Fr. philanthropist in Canada.. . 1606
Manchester, Edward M.. Earl of. Eng. statesman 1602
Mancinl, Hortensia, Duchess of M. Ital. beauty. 1646
Mancinl.Pasquale Stanislaus. It. statesman 1820
Manco, Capac. Peruvian Inca
Maneo Inca Yupanqui. Peruvian Inca 1516
Mander, van, Carel. Flemish painter 1.548
Manderson, Charles F. Am. lawyerand statesm. 18.37
Mandeville, de, Bernard. Dutch" aiitbor in Eng. 1670
Mandeville, Henry .American educator 1804
Mandeville, John, Sir. English traveler 1300?
Mandrillon, Joseph. French author 1743
Maneiro, Juan Luis. Mexican jurist and author. 1744
Manes. Founder of the sect of Manichasans 240?
Manetho. Egyptian historian fl.B. c
Manetti, Giannozzo. Florentine orator 1.396
Manfred. King of the two Sicilies 1234
Manfredi, Eustachio. Italian geom., astronomer 1674
Mangan, James Clarenca. Irish poet 1803
Mangles, James. British traveler
Mangore. Cacique of the Timbus 1480
MangTim, "Willie P. Am. lawyer and statesman, . 1792
Manigault, Gabriel. Am patriot, philanthropist 1704
Manigault, Gabriel E. .\m. phys. and lecturer.. 18.33
Manin, Danielo. Italian patriot and statesman.. 1804
Mauley, Henry De II. American naval officer — 18-39
Manley, Mary de la Riviere. English authoress. 1672
Manly, Basil. .American Baptist clergyman 1798
Manly, Basil. American Baptist clergyman 1825
Manly. Charles. American lawyer aud statesm 'n 1795
Manly, John. American naval commander. .... 1734
MTEly, Matthias Evans. American jurist l.'iOO
Mann, .\bijah. .American statesman 1793
Mann, .Ambrose Dudley. American diidomat. . . INOi
Mann, Cyrus. .American clergyman 17*^5
Mann, Horace. American educationist 1796
Mann, James. .American physician 1759
Mann, Mary Tyler. .American authoress 1806
DIED
1866
1747
1.57+
1876
1884
1708
1733
1631
1-442
1807
1809
1093
1815
1833
1879
1886
1826
1564
i7i5
1794
1628
1836
1062
1750
1866
1864
1831
1868
1866
i875
1765
1807
1881
1851
1-873
1889
1143
1.S65
1812
18.32
1,814
1694
1819
1.S26
1.831
1874
1812
is:«
1611
1687
1&S5
A.D.
1673
1671
1699
il07
1-544
1606
1733
1.S58
1.372
1794
1802
274?
263.'
14.59
1266
1739
1.849
1807
1-5.32
1S61
1781
l.'i.57
1724
1868
i-'.7i
I7''3
IKSl
1868
lS-59
18.59
18.32
1887
BORN DIEE
Mann, William Benson. .Am. lawyer, statesman. 1816 . ..
Mann, William J. Am. clergyman and educator. 1819
Manning, Daniel. Am. banker. Sec. of Treasury 18ol 1887
Manning, Henry Edward. Eng. cardinal. autho'r l.Ht8 1892
Manning, Jacob" Merrill. Am. cl. and lecturer 0^-24 1882
Manning, James. Am. clergyman and educator. 1738 1791
Manning, Jolin Lawrence. American statesman. 1816
Manning, Randolph. American jurist 1804 1864
Manning, Richard I. Am. lawyer, statesman 1789 1836
Manning, Robert. American pomologist 1784 1842
Manning, Thomas. Am. lawyer and diplomat .. 1831 1887
Manning, William. English colonist in Am 1616 1692
Manning, William Oke. Eng. merch't and writer 1809 1878
Manoel. See Emanuel.
Manoel de Nescimento, Francisco. Port. poet... 1734 1819
Manoque, Patrick. Irish R.C. bishop in America 1831 —
Manrique, Jose -Angel. Colombian poet 1777 1823
Manross, Newton Spaulding. Am.eng., sold'r... 1825 1.S62
Mansard, Francois. French architect 1.59s 1662
Mansard. Jules H. ytpltfwf>fF. French arch... 1643 1708
Mansel, Henry L. French metaphysician 1820 1871
Mansfeld, von, Peter Ernst. Count". Ger. general 1580? 1626
Mansfield, Charles B. English chemist 1819 1855
Mansfield, Edward Deering. Am. lawyer, author 1801 1880
Mansfield, Jared. Am. mathematician, educator 1759 1830
Mansfield, John B. Am. journalist and author.. 1826 1886
Mansfield, Joseph Kins Fenuo. Am. general 1803 1862
Mansfield, Richard. Am. P. E. clergyman 1723 1820
Mansfield, Wm. Murray. Earl of. English jurist.. 1705 1793
Manship, -Andrew. Am. clergyman and author. . 1824
Manso, Alonzo. Spanish R. C. bishop 1440 1540
Manson, Mahlon D. Am. soldier and statesman. 1820
Mansoor, Al. Second Abasside caliph 713 775
Mansur,Al. See Al-Manscr.
Mantegazza. Paolo. Italian anthropologist is.31 . .
Mantegna, -Andrea. Italian painter U31 1517
ManteU, Ciideon Algernon. Eng. geol. and writer 1790 18.52
Mantella, Luis Felipe. Cuban educator in Am... 1833 1878
Manteufi"el, von, Edwin Hans Karl. Ger. general 1809 1885
Manucy, Dominie. Am. R. C. bishop 1823 18&5
Manuel, Jacques Antoine. Fr. politician, orator 1775 1827
Manuel I. C'omiunus. Byzantine emperoj 1120 1180
Manuel 11. Palseoloaii?. Byzantine emperor 1350 1425
Manutius, -Aldus. (/(«/. M'anuzio). It. printer.. 1449? 1515
Manzano, Juan Francisco. Cuban poet 1797 1854
Manzo, Jose. Mexican artist and scientist 1789 1840
Manzoni, -Allessandro. Count. Italian writer . 1784 1883
Map liMapes, Walter or Calenins. Welsh schol 1210?
Mapes, Charles Victor Am. agricultural chemist 18.36 . .
Mapes, James J. Am. chem.. civ. ene., inventor 1806 1866
Mapes, Walter. English poet and romancer.. . 1150? 1210'
Maquet, Auguste. French novelist 1813 1887
Mar, John E.. eleventh earl of. Scot. Jacobite ... 1675 17.33
Mar, del, Juan Manuel. Peruvian statesman... .1806 1862
Marat, Jean Paul. French revolutionist.'. 1743 1793
Maratti, Carlo. Itsilian painter 1625 1713
Marbeau, Jean Bapt. Frauf. Fr. philanthropist. 1798 1875
Marble, Anna Warren. -Americau actress 1815
Marble, Danford. American actor 1807 1849
Marble, Manton^ American journalist 1835
Marbois de Barbe, Fralifois. French statesman. 1745 1837
Marcadet, Etienne E. French statesman 1773 1838
Marceau, Franc/oisS, des G. French general 1709 1796
Marcel, Jean Joseph. French orientalist 1776 1854
Marcello, Benedetto. Italian musical composer. 1086 1739
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius. Roman general. B.C. 268? 208
Marcet, -Alexandre. Swiss-English chemist 1770 1.S22
Marcet, Jane H. Wl/eo/Alex. Swiss-Eng. auth. 1785 1858
March, -Alden. American surgeon and writer 1795 1869
March, Charles W. Am. statesman, journalist... I815 1864
March, Daniel. American clergyman, author — 1816
March, Francis Andrew. .American philologist . 1825
Marchais, des, Etienne R. Chev. Fr. cav., auth. 1683 1728
Marchal, Nicholas. Dutch traveler and author, 1731 1802
Marchand, Etienne. W. Ind. navigator, author.. 1755 1793
Marcband, Felix Gabriel. Can. states'n. author 18.32
Marchand, John Bonnett. Am. naval ofBcer 1808 1875
Marchant, Diilton Edward. American artist 1806 1887
Marchant, Henry. Mem of the Cont. Congress 1741 1796
Marches!, Pompeo. Italian sculptor 1789 1858
Marchetti, .Alessandro. Italian poet 1633 1714
Marchettl, Filippo. Italian composer 1835 ..
Marchi, Father. Italian archaeologist 1860
Marco Polo. See Polo. Marco.
Marcou, Jules. French-.American geologfst 1824
Marcoux, Joseph. Can. missionary and author. 1770 1855
Marcus Aurelius. See Antoni.ncs.
Marcy, Erastus Edgerton. .Am. physician, author 181.-> —
Marcv, Oiiver. Am. educator and author 1820
Marcy, Randolph Barnes. Am.soldier and author 1812 1887
Marcy, William Learned. -American statesman . 178G. 1857
Mardochee Abi Serur. Rabbi, native of Morocco 1830
Marechal, -Ambrose. Fr. R. C. archbp.. educator 1708 1828
M.irechal, Charles Laurent. French painter '1802 —
Marenco, LeODOido. Count. Italian writer 1831 ..
Marest, Gabriel Fr. miss, and writer in Canada 1715
Maret, Henri Louis Charles. French theologian . 1805 1884
Maret, Hugues B.,Diike of Bassano. Fr. states'n 1763 18.39
Maretzek, Max. Austrian musical composer 1821 ....
1772
MAREY — MARURE
EORN DIED
Marey, Etienne Jules. French physiologist 1830 —
Margaret, of Anjou. Qu. of Heuiy VI. of Eng 1429 1482
Margaret of Austria. Regent of the Netherlauds 14.S0 1530
Margaret of Denmark. Qu. of Norwaj-, Deu.. Swed li&i 1412
Margaret of Navarre. Qu. of Navarre, and author 1492 1549
Margaret of Scotland. Queen aud patron saiut. . I04i> 1093
Margaret of Valois. Queen of France 1552 1G15
Marggraf, Andreas Sigisniund. German chemist 1709 17f>2
Marggraf, George. Ger. historian and botanist. 161U 1644
Margil of Jesus, Authouy. Sp.-Am. K. C. clergy. 1055 1726
Margry, Pierre. French historian Isls
Marguerittes, de, Julie. (Mrs, Hea). Am.auth . 1815 1S66
Marlieineke, Philip Konrad. German theologian 1780 1846
Maria. Ex-queen of Saxony 1805 1877
Maria. Grand Duchess of Russia 1819 1876
Maria Christina. Queen dowager of Spain 1806 1878
Maria II. da Gloria. Queen of Portugal 1819 1853
Maria de las Mercedes. Queen of Spain 1860 1878
Maria Theresa. Emp. of Ger. Qu. of Hungary 1717 1780
Mariana, de, Juan. Spanish historiau 1.537 1624
Marianna of Jesus. S.American R. C. Saint 1618 1645
Marie, Charles F. M. French geometrician 1819 ....
Marie, Louise Alexandrine. Princess of Prussia 180S 1877
Marie Amelle de Bourbon. Wife of L's Phillippe 1782 1866
Marie Antoinette. Wife of Louis XVI. of France 1755 1793
Marie de Medicis Queen of France 1573 1642
Marie- Joseph I. John Nepomucene. K'g of Sax. 1801 1873
Marie Louisa. Empress of France 1791 1847
Mariette, .^uguste E. Fr. Egyptologist 1821 1881
Marin, Jose Gaspar. Chilian law. and educator 1772 1839
Marina or Marlintzin. Mex. adven , interp after 1550
Marinho, Jose Antonio. Braz. edu. and author.. 1803 1853
Marini or Marino, Giambattista. Italian poet 1569 162o
Marinoni, Giovanni G. Italian mathematician.. 1676 1755
Mario, Ciiuseppe. Italian singer 1810 18.8:3
Marion, Francis. Am. Revolutionary general 1732 1795
Mariotte, Edme. French physicist." 1620? 1684
Mariscal, Iguacio. Mexican jurist and diplomat 1829 ....
Marius," Cains. Roman general and consul., b. c. 157 86
Marivaux,de, Pierre Car. deChamblaln. Fr.authl688 1763
Markam, Jarcd Clark. American architect 1816 .. .
Markham, Clements Robert. Eug. geographer... 1830
Markham, William. Eug colonial gov. in Am... 16.35 1704
Markoe, Abram. W. Indian capitalist in .Vm — 1729 1806
Markoe, Peter. W. Indian author in America... 1753 1792
Markoe, Thomas Maslicrs. Am. surg. and edu... 1819 ....
Marks, Elias. Am. physician and translator 1790 1886
Marks, William. American statesman 1778 18.58
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. Eng. gen 1050 1722
Marlitt. See Joii.n. Eugt*nie.
Marlowe, Christoj)her or Kit. Eng. dramatist... 1.5il5 1.593
Marmaduke, John Sappington. Am. sol., gov.. . 1833 1887
Marmaduke, Meridith Miles. -Vm. statesman 1791 1864
Marmette. Josejih. Canadian author 1844
Marmier, Xavier. French author 1809 ....
Marniol, Jose .\rgentine author 1818 1S71
Marmont, de, Auguste F. L. V. Marshal of Fr... 1774 1852
Marmontel, .lean Fr:\nfois. Fr. author 1723 1799
Marmora, aella, .\lfouso Ferrero. Ital. general 1804 1878
Marnis, van, Philip. SeeS.\iNTE-.VLDEGONDE,DE.
Marochetti, Carlo, Baron. Sardinian sculptor . . 1805 1868
Marot, -^dolphe Gaston. Fr. dramatic author 18;!7
Marot, Clement. French poet .1495 1544
Marquand, .-Vllan. Am. educator and author 1853 ....
Marquand, Frederick. Am. nier. and philan. . . . 1799 1882
Marquand, Henry Gurdon. .\m. bank, aud philan 1819
Marquette, Jacques. Fr. explorer of the .Miss 1637 1675
Marquez, Leonardo. Mexican general 1,S20? ,--
Marquez, Pedro Jose. Mex. Jesuit and author .. 1714 1.S20
Marqes, Thomas. Am. Presbyterian clergyman.. 1753 1827
Marracci, Ludovico. Italian orientalist 1612 1700
Marrast, Armand. Fr. statesman and journalist 1801 1.S52
Marroquln, Francisco. Spanish R. C. bishop.. . 1503 1563
Marroquln, Josi5 Manuel. Bogata author 1827
Marryat, Florence. Eng. author and actress.. .. 1837 ....
Marryat, Frederick. Eng. naval officer and nov 1792 1848
Marryat, Samuel F. Son of Frtdrrick. Eng. auth 1826 1S55
Marschall, von, Friedrich W. Ger, el. in Am 1721 1802
Marsden, William. British orientalist 1751 1836
Marsellus, Nicholas John. American clergyman 1792" 1876
Marsh, Caroline Crane. American authoress 1816
Marsh, Charles. American lawyer, statesman. .. 1765 1.S49
Marsh, Dexter American paleontologist 1806 1853
Marsh, George Perkins. American philologist. . 1801 1882
Marsh, James, .\merican theolocian. scholar. .. 1794 1S42
Marsh, John. American clergyman and author . 1788 1864
Marsh, Luther Rawsou. .-Vm. hiwyer and orator . 1813
Marsh, Othniel Charles. American naturalist... 1831
Marsh, Samuel. Am. clergyman and author 1796 1874
Marsh, Sylvester. American civil engineer 1803 1884
Marshall, Alexander Keith. American lawyer... 1770 1825
Marshall, Andrew. .\m. Baptist clergyman 1755 1856
Marshall, Charles, .\merican phariua"cist 1744 1825
Marshall, Charles. Am. lawyer and educator. . , . 1830
Marshall, Charles Alex Am soldier, statesman 1809
Marshall, Charles Henry. Am. nav., shipbuilder 1792 18(55
Marshall, Christopher. Irish cheni. and patriot. 1709 1797
Marshall, Edward C Am lawyer and statesman 1820 ....
Marshall, Edward Chauncey, Am. inv., author. , 1824
BORN
Marshall, Humphrey. American botanist 1722
Marshall, Humi-hrey. American historian
Marshall, Humi.tlirey. .\inerican politician 1812
Marshall, James Markham. .-Vm. lawy'r, states'n 1761
Marshall, James W. .\m. discov. of gold in Cal. . 1812
Marshall, John. American jurist aud statesman. 1755
Marshall, John Jay .\merican jurist 1785
Marshall, Josiah. American merchant 1771
Marshall, Louis. American educator 1773
Marshall, Martin. American lawyer, statesman. 1777
Marshall, Nelly Nichol. American authoress 1845
Marshall, Nicholas T. American phys.. educator 1810
Marshall, Orasmus Holmes. American historian 1813
Marshall, Thomas. Am. patriot, surveycr-gen... 1730
Marshall, Thomas. American sold., statesman.. 1793
Marshall, Thomas Alexander .\m. jurist 1794
Marshall, Thomas Alexander. Am. jurist 1812
Marshall, Thomas F. American statesman 1801
Marshall, Thornton F. American statesman 1819
Marshall, William. Am. Baiitist clergyman 1735
Marshall, William. American surgeon..... 1827
Marshall, William C. Scottish sculptor 1813
Marshall, William Champe. Am. statesman.... 1807
Marshall, William Edgar. American artist 1837
Marshall, %\'illiani Humphrey. English botanist 1745
Marshall, William Rainey. Am. statesman 1825
Marshman, Joshua. Eng. Baptist missionary 1767
Marsigli, Luigi F., Count. Italian naturalist 1658
Marston, Gilman. .\merican statesman 1811
Marston, John. English poet 1570?
Marston, John. .4.merican naval officer 1795
Marston, Philip B. Eug. poet, novelist, essayist 1850
Marston, Westlaud. Eng. poet and dramatist 1820
Martens, Frederic. Cicr. physician and writer... 1635
Martens, Thierry or Dietrich. Flemish printer. . 14.50?
Martensen, Hans Lassen. Danish theologian 1808
Martha, Benjamin Constant. French writer 1820
Martial. Latin poet 43
Martignac, de, Jean Baptiste S.G. Fr. states 1776
Martigny, Joseph .\., Abbe. Fr. archaeologist 1808
Martini. Became pope in 649
Martin, II. Became pope in 8S2
Martin IV. Became pope in 1281
Martin V. Became pope in 1417
Martin, -\dam. Bavarian clergyman in America. 1835
Martin, Alexander. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1740
Martin, .Auguste Marie. Fr. R. C. bishop in .\m.. 1820
Martin, Benjamin Nicholas. Am. cl. and edu 1816
Martin, Bon Louis Henri. French historian 1810
Martin, Charles Cyril. Am. civil engineer 1831
Martin, George.. American jurist 1815
Martin, Felix. French Jesuit in Canada 1804
Martin, Francois Xavier. Fr. jur. aud hist, in Am 1764
Martin, John. English jiainter 17.^9
Martin, Henry Austin. Eng. phys. and writer... 1824
Martin, Henry Newell, .\merican biologist 1848
Martin, Homer Dodge, .\merican artist 1836
Martin, James. .\m. clergyman and writer 1796
Martin, James Green. Arn. soldier and lawyer. . 1819
Martin, James Stewart. Am. soldier and states 1826
Martin, John. English painter 1789
Martin, John Alex. Am. jouru. and statesman... 1839
Martin, John Hill. Am. lawyer and journalist.. ISgZ
Martin, John Mason. Am. lawyer and s'.atesman 1337
Martin, John N. Bav. cl. and Colonist in .\m ... 1725
Martin, Joseph Hamilton. .4m. cl. and writer.. . 1825
Martin, Joshua Lanier. Am. jurist and governor 1799
Martin, Josiah. W. Indian states, aud gov. in -\ni 1737
Martin, Luther, .\merican lawyer 1748
Martin, Margaret M. Scot. an. aud edu. in .\m... 1807
Martin, Robert Nicols. Am. jurist and edu.. . 1798
Martin, Theodore. Sir. British author 1816
Martin, Thomas Mower. Eug. artist in Canada. 1838
Martin, Wm. Alex. P. Am. miss, in China 1827
Martin, William Dobbin. American jurist 1789
Martin, William Stockton. Am. publisher 1798
Martinays, Edward Simon. Flemish author 1739
Martindale, Henry Clinton. Am. statesman 1780
Martindale, John Henry. Am. lawyer and sol . 1815
Martineau, Harriet. English authoress 1S02
Martineau, James. Eng. Unitarian divine 1805
Marlines, Domingo Jose. Braz. law , insurgent.. 17S0
Martinez, Enrique. Mexican engineer 1570
Martinez, Pedro. Sp. missionary and explorer.. 1523
Martinez Comnos, .'^rsenio. Spanish gen., states. 1,S34
Martinez de Aldunate, Jose .4. Chilian bishop. 1730
Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco. Sp. states., poet 17.S9
Martinez de Rozas, Juan. ..\rgentine statesman 1759
Martinez y Corres, Cristobal. Cuban mus. conip 1823
Martini, Giambattista. Italian comjioser. : 1706
Martini, Johann Paul .Egidus. Ger.nius.com... 1741
Martini, Vicente. Spanish musical composer — 1754
Martins, von, Karl F. P. German liotanist 1794
Marty, Martin. Swiss R.C. bishop 1834
Martyn, Heury. English missionary 1781
Martyn, Sarah Towne. America^ authoress 1805
Martyn, William C. Am. clergyman and author. 1841
Marum, von, Jlartin, Dutch physicist 1750
Marure, Alejandro. Guatemalan geographer 1803
DIED
1801
1841
18751
1848
188S
1835
1846
1848
1866
1S63
i85S
18S4
1802
18,53
1871
iS64
i809
187g
isii
183T
173»
189«
16.34
188»
189»
169t
1534
1884
'l04t
1832
'est
884
12g»
1431
1807
1S7S
188t
18»3
i867
i84S
1851
1884
isie
1871
1795
1887
185«
1788
1826
1833
1861
1796
1860
1881
187S
isi?
1632
156S
isii
186i!
isii
184i
1784
1816
181»
1868
i812
187S
issr
186S
]\IARVELL — MAYER
1773
BOEN DIED
Marvell, Andrew. English author 1620 ir>7S
Marvin, Dudley. Americau lawyer, statesman.. . iT.sij l.soo
Marvin, Enoch M. American M. E. bishop . 1S23 1877
Marvin, Joseph Dana. American naval officer... 1S39 1877
Marx, Karl. Ger, socialist and journalist in Eng 1818 l.'i83
Mary I. Blo'uli/ Man/. Queen of England 1516 1558
Mary II. Wife of William III. of England 10(B 1B95
Mary de Medici, feee JIarie de Medicis,
Mary Stuart. Queen of Scots. Beheaded 1542 1587
Marzials. Theophile. English song writer I8r>0 ....
Masaccio. Toiunia.'yo Guidi. Italian i)aiuter 14'J2 1428?
Masaniello. Neapolitan insurgent chief li>23 1U47
Mascagni, Paolo. Italian anatomist 1752 1815
Mascaron, de, Jules. Fr. preacher and author... 1634 17U3
Mascerene, Jean Paul. Fr. sol. aud gov. in N. S. 1684 1760?
Maseres, l-'rancis. English author 1731 1824
Mashani, .Vbiiiail Hill. Favorite of Queen Anne. 1686 1734
Masinissa. King of Numidia B.C. 240? 148
Maskell, William. English archaeologist 1814 ...
Maskelyne, Nevil. English astronomer 1732 1811
Mas-Latrie, de, Jacques M. J.L. Fr. his., archceol 1815 ...
Mason, Armistead T. Am. soldier and statesmau 17.S7 1819
Mason, Caroline Atherton. American poetess... 1823
Mason, Charles. English astronomer 1730
Mason, Charles. American jurist 1804
Mason, David Hastings, American journalist. . . . 1828
Mason, Ebenezer Porter. American astronomer. 1819
Mason, Edward Gay. American historian 1839
Mason, Emily Virginia. American authoress 1815
Mason, Erskine. Am. clergyman and educator. . 1805
Mason, Erskine. American surgeon 1837
Mason, Francis. Am. missionary to Calcutta. .. . 1799
Mason, George. American statesman 1725
Mason, George Champliu. American architect .. 1820
Mason. George Hemming. English painter 1818
Mason, James Louis. Am. soldier and engineer. . 1817
Mason, James Murray. American statesman 1798
Mason, Jeremiah. American lawyer aud states. . 17i)8
Mason, John, Captain. Founder New Hampshire 1586
Mason, Johu, Captain. Conqueror of Pequots.. 1600
Mason, John. Scotch clergyman and educator . 1734
Mason, John Mitchell. .-Im. divine aud orator... 1770
Mason, John Thomson. Am. lawyer aud states... 1764
Mason, Johu Young. American statesman 1799
Mason, Jonathan. American statesmau 17o2
Mason, Lowell. American musical composer 1792
Mason, Melancthon Wells. .\m. inventor 1805
Mason, Otis Tufton. -\m. ethnologist aud writer 18.38
Mason, Richard Sharp. W. lud. cl. and educator 1795
Mason, Stevens T. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1760
Mason, Stevens Tliomsou. Am. law., gov. of Mich 1811
Mason, Theodore Lewis American physician. . 1803
Mason, Thomson. American lawyer 1733
Mason, William, Am. pianist and author. 1829
Mason, William Powell. American lawyer .-. 1791
Masoodee. Arabian historian . ,890?
Maspero, Gaston Camille C, Fr. Egyptologist .. 1846
Massarani, Tullo. Italian writer 1826
Massasoit. Sachem of the Wampanoags 1580?
Masse, Victor. French composer 1822
Massena, .\ndr^, Prince d'E. Marsh'l Napoleon I 17.58
Massenet, Jules Emile F. French musician 1842
Massey, Eyre Lord C. Irishsoldier in England. . 1719
Massey, tJerald. English poet 1828
Massey, Hart Alnierrin. Can. manufacturer 1823
Massie, James William. Irish clergyman, author 1799
Massie, Nathaniel, .\merican statesman 1763
Massillon, Jean Baptiste. Fr, pulpit orator 1063
Massinger, Philip, English dramatist 1584
Masson, .Antoine. French engraver 1636
Masson, David. Scottish critic and scholar 1822
Masson, Louis Fraufois Roderique. Can. states'n 18.33
Massys ("• Matsys m- Metsys, Queu. Flem. p'nter 1466
Mastin, Claudius Henry. Am. surgeon, inventor 1826
MastrDIi, .Nichols. It. Jesuit and author 1570
Masudi, Abnl-Hassan. Arab historian.. 890?
Matamoros, I\Iariauo. Mexican priest and soldier ....
Matejlco, Jean .\loys. Polish painter WIS
Materna, .•\malie. Austrian vocalist 1847
Mather, Cotton. American theologian 1663
Mather, Eleazer. .American clergyman 1637
Mather, Fred. .American soldier knd piscicultnr 1833
Mather, Frederic Gregory. Am. journ., lawyer.. 1.844
Mather, Increase. Am. diviue. Pres. Harvard Col 16.39
Mather, Moses. Am. clergyman and patriot 1719
Mather, Nathaniel. Eng. clergyman and lecturer 1630
Mather, Richard. Eng. clergvman in America.,. 1596
Mather, Richard Henry, Am, edu. and lecturer. 1835
Mather, Samuel. Eng, cl. and edu. in America.. . 1626
Mather, Samuel, American clergyman 1650
Mather, Samuel, .\merican clergyman, author., 1674
Mather, Samuel, .\merican clergyman, author.. 1706
Mather, Samuel Holmes. .-American financier .. 1813
Mather, William Williams Am. scien., invent. 1704
Mathers, Helen Buckingham. English novelist . l.s.52
Matheson, George. Scotch divine 1842
Matheson, Roderick Scotch statesman in Can. 1792.
Mathew, Theo. Apoi^tle oj Temperanre. Ir. priest 1790
Mathews. Charles. English Comedian 1776
1787
1882
1851
1882
1874
179-2
i872
1853
1871
1848
16:»
1672
1792
1829
1824
1A59
1.S31
1872
1875
isre
1803
1843
1882
1785
i867
966?
1660
1.S84
1817
1S69
1813
1742 ,
1640
1700
1.530
1653
956
1814
1728
1669
1723
1806
1697
1669
1.S90
1671
1728
1785
1872
1856
1835
BORN DIED
Mathews, Charles James. English actor 1803 1878
Mathews, Cornelius. Am. lawyer, journalist 1817
Mathews, George. .' -ri, soldier and statesman.. . 1739 1812
Mathews, George. American jurist 1774 1836
Mathews, James McFarlane. Am.cl.andedn 1785 1870
Mathews, John. American Jurist 1774 1802
Mathews, Vincent. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1766 184G
Mathews, William. American author 1818
Mathewson, Elisha. American statesman 1767 185*
Matlle, George Augnste. Swiss jurist 1807 1881
Matis, Francisc < Javier. Colombian naturalist.. 1774 18£1
Matsys or Metsys, Quentin. See Massvs
Matta, Ciuilhrm.j. Chilian statesman and poet.. 1829 ....
Matta, Manuel Antonio. Chilian statesman 1826
Mattack, Timothy. American patriot. 1730 1829
Mattacks, John. American jurist 1777 1847
Mattel, Marius. Roman Catholic cardinal 1792 1870
Matteis, de or Mattel, Palo. Italian painter 1662 1728
Matter, Jacques. French philosopher, historian. 1791 1864
Matteson, Jdcl Aldrich. American statesman.... 1808 1883
Matteson, Tbonipkiiis Harrison, Anier. artist.. .. 1813 1884
Matteucci, Carlo. Italian author .,1811 1868
Matthew Paris «)■ Matthew Of Paris. Eng. his.. 1195 1259
Matthews, Brander. .\m. lawver and author 1852
Matthews, John. Am. clergyman and writer. ...1772 1848
Matthews, Stanley. Am. sen. judge Sup. Ct. U.S. 1.S24 1889
Matthias. Emperor of Germanv 1567 161»
Matthias, Robert. Am. religioiis imposter 1790 1840
Matthlsson, von, Friedrich. German poet 1761 1831
Mattison, Hiram. Am, M, E. clergvman 1811 186»
Mattoon, Ebenzer. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1755 1843
Mattoon, Stephen. Am. clergvman nnc^ educator 1816
Mattes, de, Euzebio. Brazilian Jesuit and author 1629 169«
Mattos, de, Gregorio. Brazilian law ver and poet 1613 169*
Maturin, Charles Robert. Irish novelist 1782 1824
Maturln, Edward, Ir. educator, author in Am,,. 1812 1881
Matz, Nicholas. R. C. bishop in America 1850
Matzerath, Joseph. German poet 1813 1878
Matzner, Eduard A. F. German philologist 18U5
Mauch, Karl. German explorer 1837 187*
Maud. E;nipress of Germany, Queen of England. 1102? 116T
Maudsley, Henry. English physiologist 1835
Mauduit, Israel. English political writer in Am 1708 178T
Maunder, Samuel. English compiler 1790? 184S
Maupassant, de, Henri Keuc A. G. Fr. novelist. 1850
Maupertuis, de, Pierre Louis M. Fr, astronomer 1698 175»
Maurepas, de', Jean F. P.. Count Fr. statesman 1701 1781
Maurer, von, Georg Ludwig. German jurist 1790 1872
Maurice. Elector of saxony... 1521 1.553
Maurice, Antoine. French thco. and orientalist. 1677 175S
Maurice, John F. D. Eng, clergyman and author 1805 1872
Maurice of Nassau. Prince of Oiangc. D. warrior 1567 1625
Mauricius, Flavins Tiberius. Byzantine emperor 539? 602
Maury, Ann. English authoress 1803 187S
Maury, Dabney H. Am, soldier and diplomat,, , . 1822 .. .
Maury, Francis F. Am. surgeon and lecturer... 1840 1879
Maury, Jean SitTioin. Fr. cardinal and orator 1746 1817
Maury, John Miii'ir. American naval ofliccr 1795 1823
Maury, Louis Ecidinand A. Fr, arclurologisf. , ,, 1817
Maury, Matthew Fontaine, Am, hydrographer,. 1806 1873
Maury, Sarah Mylton Eng. authoress in Am. . 1803 1849
Maverick, Peter. American engraver 1780 1831
Maverick, Samuel. Eug. Colonist in America. . 1602 1670
Mavrocordatos, Alexander. Greek statesman... 1036? 1709
Mavrocordatos, Alexauder. Greek statesman. . 1791 i860
Mawe, John. Eng. mineralogist and author 1764 1829
Maxcy, Jouathan. Am. clergyman, educator 1768 1820
Maxcy. Virgil. Am.lawyerand diplomat 1785 1844
Maxentius. Roman emperor — 312 a.d.
Maximian. Roman emperor — 310 a.d.
Maximilian, Alexander P. Ger. naturalist 1782 1867
Maximilian I. Emperor of Ciermany 1459 1519
Maximilian II. Emperor of Germany 1527 1576
Maximilian. Emperor of Mexico 1832 1887
Maximilian, Charlotte M. A. Wife of the above. . 1840
Maximin. Emperor of Rome 173 £38 a.d.
Maxtla, or Maxtlaton. King of the Tepanecs 1430
Maxwell, Augustus Emmet, American jurist 1820 ....
Maxwell, Caroline E. S. Eng, authoress 1808 1877
Maxwell, Geo, Troupe, Am, physician, inventor 1.S27 —
Maxwell, Hugh, Scotch-American lawyer 1787 187S
Maxwell, James Clerk, English physicist 1831 1879
Maxwell, Sidney Denise. American statistician. 1831 —
Max'.Tell, William. Am.lawyerand benefactor.. 1784 1857
Maxwell, William Henrv. Irish journalist in Am 1852
Maxwell, William Stirling. Sir. Eng. historian.. 1818 187*
May, Caroline. Eng. authoress and artist in Am. 1820 —
May, Edward H. English artist in America 1824 18ST
May, Frederick. American phys. and educator. , 1773 184T
May, Henry, American statesman 1816 1866
May, John, .American soldier and statesman.... 1748 1812
May, John Wilder, American jurist and writer. . 1819 1883
May, Samuel Joseph, Am, clerg, and abolitionist 1797 1871
May, Samuel P, English educator in Canada.. . 1828 ...
May, Thomas E. Baron Farnborongh. Eng. hist. 1815 1886
May, William United States naval officer 1815 1861
Mayall, Thomas Jefferson. American inventor.. 1826 1888
Mayenne, de, Charles de L , Due, Fr. general,. , 1554 1611
Mayer, Alfred Marshall, .-Vnieiican physicist — 1836
1774
M A Y E R — M E R (] H A N T
BORN DIED
Mayer, Brantz. American author 1S09 Ih/S
Mayer, Constant. Fn-uch artist in America... . lH-i-2
Mayer, Frank Blaolcwell. American artist Itjii? —
Mayer, Johanu Tobias. Ger. astron. and math. . . 17;;3 1762
Mayer, Julius Robert. German physicist isll 1S78 ■
Mayer, Karl. German musician i/^u l*>t>2
Mayer, Philip Frederick. Am. Lutheran clerg. .. 17S1 1S58
Mayer, Simon. German composer 1703 1845
Mayes. Joel Brvau. Cherokee chief. ISB . . ■_■,
Maynew, .\ui;ustus Septimus. English writer.. . . 1M2 L'^/n
Mayhew, Kxperience. Am. missionary, writer.. . 1073 I'.jS
Mayhew, Henry. English author and journalist. 1812 1887
Mayliew, John." American missionary 1U89
Mayhew, Jonathan. Am. cler{;vman and patriot. 1720 17C6
Mayhew, Mathew. Gov. of Martha's vineyard • 1710
Mayhew, Thomas. Bug. missionary in America.. 1592 1082
Mayhew, Thos. First minister Martha's vineyard 1021 1057
Mayliew, Thomas. American jurist .^.^ .^^^
Mayhew, Zucharia. American missionary 1717 180b
Maynad'er, Ilenrv E. Brev Major-Gen., U. S. A.. 1830 1808
Maynard, Edward Am. dentist and inventor. .. 1813
Maynard, George Willoughby. Am. artist 1803 ..
Maynard, Horace. American statesman 1814 1882
Mayne, Kichard, Sir. 1st Eng com. of police... 1790 1868
Maynwarlng, Arthur. Eng. nol., mi.sc. writer — 1068 1712
Mayo, Amory Dwiglit. Am. divine and edu 1823 .^..
Mayo, John. American statesman 1737 1780
Mayo, Joseph. American lawyer 1795 1872
Mayo, Robert. American autlior 1784 1804
Mayo, Sarah Carter Edgarton. Am. authoress 1S19 1848
Mayo, William. Eng. civil engineer in .Vmerica 1085 1744
Mayo, William Starbuck. Am. physician, antbor 1S12 ....
Mayobanex, Cacique of the Ciquanoyes of Hayti 1498
Mayorga.de, Martin. Viceroy of Mexico 1783
Mazade, de, Charles. French writer 1821 .-...
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal. Minister of France... 1002 loOl
Mazella, Camillus. It. educator and cardinal... ls:-)3 —
Mazeppa, Ivan S. Hetman of the Cossacks 1044 1709
MazeroUe, Alexis Joseph. French painter 1826 1.S89
Maziel, Juan Baltasar. Argentine Jesuit, author. 1727 1788
Mazzei, Philip. Italian physician and statesman 1730 1816
Mazzini, Giuseppe. It. patriot and revolutionist 1808 1872
Mazzuola, Giro'.amo Francesco Maria. It. painter 1504 1540
MC. SeeunderMAC.
Meacham, James. ,\m. clergyman and statesman I.SIO 1855
Mead Charles Marsh. Am. clergyman, educator. 1S36
Mead Edwin Doak. .\ia. lecturer and author — 1849 ,
Mead', Larkin Goldsmith. American sculptor 1835
Mead, William Rutherford. American architect. 1845 —
Meade, George. American merchant 1741 1808
Meade, George Gordon. American general 1815 1872
Meade Richard Kidder, Colonel. Am. soldier... 1745 1805
Meadel Kichard Kidder, Jr. American diplomat 1795 1862
Meade' Rich!ir<l Worsam. American merchant .. 1778 1.S28
Meade! Richard Worsam. Sp. naval olflcer in Am 1807 1870
Meade, Richard Worsam. Am naval olBcer 1837
MeadP, William. Am. P. E. bishop and author... 1789 1802
Meadows, Kenny. English artist ... _17S7 1874
Meagher, Tho'mas F. Irish rev. and Am. general 1823 1867
Means .Alexander. Am. clergyman and physician 1801 1883
Means John Hugh. Am. statesman and soldier. 1812 1.S02
Meares.John. English navigator, 1746 1801
Mears, John W. Am clergyman and statesman.. 1823 1881
Mease, James. American physician and author. 1771 1816
Mease, Matthew. Irish naval officer in Am 1787
Mehane, Alexander. American statesman 1744 li95
Mechain, Pierre F. A. French astronomer 1744 1804
Mechi John Joseph. English rural economist. .. 1800 1880
Mechltar, Peter. Armenian reformer 1070 1749
Meckel Johann Friedrich. German anatomist. . 1714 1774
Meckel, Johann Friedrich. German anatomist. . 1781 1833
Medary, Samuel. Am. statesman and editor ISOl 1804
Medherry. Rebecca B. American authoress — 1808 1S68
Medhtirst, Walter 11. Eng. miss., Chinese schol'r 1796 1857
Medici, da', Alcssandro. First Duke of Florence 1510 15.57
Medici, de', Cosmo. First grand Dnke of Tuscany 1519 1574
Medici, de', Cosmo I. Chf. of the Florentine Rep 1389 1464
Madici, de', Lorenzo I. Prince of Florence 1448 1492
Medicis, de. See Catherine de' Medici.
Medill, Joseph. Can. journalist, states'u. in Am. 1823 ..
Medill, William. Am. lawyer and statesman 1805 1865
Medina, Antouia. Cuban educator and author.'. 1S24 1884
Meding, Oskar. Grcyor Samnrnv. Ger. novelist. . 1829 —
Medley, J>jhn. Eng. P. E. bishop and author 1804 —
Meehan, Thomas. American botanist 1826 ...
Meek, Alexander B. .\m. jurist and author 1814 1865
Meek, Fielding Bradford. Am. palfeontologist... 1817 1876
Meeker, Joseph Rusling. American artist 1827 ..._
Meeker, Moses. Am. pioneer and statesman 1790 1.865
Meeks, Eugene. American artist 1843
Mees, Carl Leo. Am. chemist and physicist is.i3
Meganclensis, Johannes. Dutch cl. in Am. .. . 1603 1670
Mcapoleusis, Samuel. Dutch cl. in America. 1634 nft. 1700
Mehemet All. Pasha or viceroy of Egypt 1769 1849
Mehul.F.tituue Henri. French composer 1763 1SJ7
MeJges, Henry. Am. con. and philanthropist. . .. isil 18i7
Meigs, bharles D. American phys. and author. .. 1792 1S69
Meigs', Montgomerv C. American general 1816 I.S92
Meigs, James A. Am. physician and lecturer 1829 1879
BOKN DIBB
Meigs, John P. American phys. and author 1818 1882
Meigs, John Rodgers. Am. io'ldier and engineer. 1842 lSb4 ,
Meigs, Joslah. Am. educator and ccientist -. 1757 1822
Meigs, Return Jonathan, Col. Am. Rev. soldier.. 1734 1823
Meigs, Return Jona. Am. lawyer and statesman. 17'i5 1.S25
Meilhac, Henri. French dramatic author. 1831
Meilleur, Jean Baptiste Can. editor and author 1795 1878
Meineke, Johann Albrecht, F. A. Ger. scholar.. . 1791 1S70
Meinhold, Johannes W. Ger. divine and writer.. 1797 1851
Meissner, Alfred. German poet 1822 1885
Meissner, .iugnst Gottlieb. Ger. dramatist 1753 1807
Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest. F. . painter 1813 1891
Mcjia, Ignacio. Mexican statesman 1814
Meiia, Thomas. Mexican soldier. Executed 1815 1867
Melchitar, Peter. .\.rmeiiian monk 1676 1749
Melanchtncu, Philpp. Ger. Lutheran reformer,. 1497 1560
MelDOume, Wm. Lamb, second vis. Eng. states'n 1779 1848
Melcher, Joseph. Austrian R. C. bishop 1807 1873
Melchthal, von der, Arnold. Legend Swiss pat.. fl. 1307
Welendez y Valdez, Juan Antonio. Sp. poet 1754 1817
Meletius, Saint. Bishop of Antioch 810? 380
Melgar, Mariano. Peruvian poet 1791 1815
Meii, tiioviinni. Sicilian poet 1740 1815
Melikofi", Loris. Russian general 1826 1888
Meline, James Florant. Am. diplomat, author... 1811 1873
Melish, John. Scottish traveler and author 1771 1822
Men, Patrick Hues. Am. clergyman and author. 1814 1888
Mellan, Claude. Fr. designer and engraver 1,5W 1688
Mellen, Greenville. Am. lawyer aud poet 1799 1841
Mellen, Henry. American lawyer and poet 1757 1809
Mellen, John. American Unitarian clergyman... 1722 1807
Mellin, Gustaf Henrik. Swedish novelist 1813 1876 _
Mello, de, .\ntonio J. Brazilian R. C. bishop.. .. 1791 1861
Melloni, Macedonio. Italian physicist 1801 1854
MelmotU, William. Eng. writer, classical trans. . 1710 1799
Ilelo, de, Francisco M. Port, an., (wrote in Sp). 1611 1666
Melshirmer, Trcderick V. Ger. cl. and educator 1749 1814
Melvil-Blonconrt, Salute S. W.Indian reformer 1825
Melville, Andrew. Scottish religions reformer.. 1545 1622
Melville, George Wallace. American engineer. .. Iu41
Melville Geor.-e Whyte. English novelist 1820? 18(8
Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount. See '"undas, Henry.
Melville, Herman. Am. traveler aud . velist — 1819 ..
Melville, Robert. Scottish antiqui r. 1723 K'.09
Memberton, Henry. Micmac Gagamo e 1610 1611
Membre, Zenobie. French missi narj i i Am — 1645 1687
Memlinc, Memling or Hemling, Hans. Flem. p'r 1430? 1492
Memminger, Charles G. Ger -Am. polit.cian — 1803 1888
Mena, de, Carlos. Mexican ..ngnist 1560 16S.3
Mena, de, Juan. Spanish poet i411/ 1466
Menacho, de, Juan Perez. Peru'-ian author 1^6j 1 6
Menage Gilles. Fr. scholar, critic an I writer... '613 1692
Menard, Michel B. Can. pioneer 'n America 1805 ISiS
Menard, Pierre. Canadinn statesman 1(6, 1845
Menard, Kene. French painter and writer J82( 1887
Mencius or Meng-tse. Chinese philosopher.. . . fl B.C. 400
Mendana de Neyra, Alvaro. Spanish navigator. 1511 lo96
Mendelssohn, Moses. German philosopher 1(29 i,sh
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Jacob L.F. Ger. comp m'3 ;.M7
MendenUall, George. Am. phys. and benefactor. 18 4 18(4
Mendenliall, Thomas C. Am. physicist, writer., l.sll ....
Mendes, Catulle. French poctand novelist. .... IJ-'3 ■ ■ ■ • ■
Mendes ManoelO. Braz. statesman and author. 1(99 1864
Meudonca, de, Augus.„ ... — -,---•-. - ., ,,„„ ,„„
Mendoza, de, Antonio. Ct. of T Sp, Mce. M Mcx 480 1.552
Mendoz£„de. Diego Hurtado. Spanish author.. MS 16(5
Mendoza, de, Inigo Lcpez, Marquis. Spanish poet 1398 14.5S
Mendoza, Juan. Mexican clergyman and author 1540 1619
Mendoza, de, Juan Suarez. Span, jurist, author.. . 1081
Mendoi;a, (ie, Pedro Gonzales. Spanish prelate.. 1428 14J5
Menees, Thomas. American phys. and statesmn 1823 _
Menendez de Aviles, Pedro. Span. col. of Florida 1.519 16(4
Menendez-Pelayo,Marcelino. Span politician... 1857 .._.
Mengs, Anton Rafael. Ger. painter and writer... 1(28 17(9
Meng-Tse. See .Mencius.
Menfer, Joseph H. Fr. missionary and author. . . 1590 16,1
Menken, Adah Isaacs. American actress ih-^s i»h»
Menno Symons. Dutch religious reformer ^^^.. .93 561
Menshikoff, Alex D.. Prince. . Russian statesman 0,0? ,29
Meiishikoff. Alexandei S., Prince. Ru general.. .89 869
Mentelle, Francois S. Fr. explorer and writer. 1,31 1(99
Menzel, Adolf Friedrich. Ger. historical painter 1815 .^._
Menzel, Karl Adolf. German hi.storian ........ 1kS4 ]8o5
Menzel, Wolfgang. German author and critic... l(J8 18(3
Mercadante, Saverio. Italian composer 179» 1870
Mercado, Jose Maria. Mexican patriot.. 1770 1811
Mercado, Tomas. Sp. clergyman and author lao
Mercato " ' '"'" ' '' "
Mercer,
Mercer,
Mercer, nuKii. viiii,.^..^"" '.-■". -.■ .^.^ ...^^
Mercer, James. American statesman ,.,.... 1^47 i,J3
Mercer Jesse. American cl. and philanthropist. 1^69 1841
Mercer, .lohu Francis. American statesm.an 1,59 821
Mercer, MniL-aret. Am benefactor edneator. . .. 1,92 1846
Merchant, Clarke. American naval oflicer 18* ....
M E R C I E R — I\I I L L E R
3775
BORN DIED
Mercier, Honore. Canadian statesman ls4u
Mercier, Louis C. A. Fr. eugiiiuer and author 1744 1S12
Mercier, Louis S. French poet and critic 1740 1M4
Mercur, Ulysses. Ameriecu jurist l»l.s 1SS7
Meredith, Cieorge. Eng. novelist and poet IS'iS
Meredith, Louisa A. English authoress 1S12
MiJredith, Owen. See Bulwer-Lvtton, Edw. R.
Meredith, Samuel. Am. liuaucier and philanth. 1740 1S17
Meredith, William Collis, Sir. Irish ;uri-^'. 1612
Meredith, William Morris. Am. law., p litician. 1799 1873
Meredith, William R. Can. lawyer. ctatesmau... IsiO
Meriam, Ebeuezer. American scientist 1794 187;
Merian, -Maria Sibylla. Swiss artis-. n_turalist.. 1647 1717
Merimee, Prosper. French novelist, historian... 1803 1870
Merino, Ignacio. Peruviuu a.tist 1819
Merivaie, Charles. English historian 18U8
Merivale, Hermann. Eug. publicist aurpriessor ISOti 1874
Meriwether, David. American statesman 1800
Meriwether, Lee. American author 1862 —
Merklin, L.eon Charles. Am. merchant. Unguis . 1740 1797
Merle d' Aubigne, lean Henri. Swiss hist rian. 17M 1872
Merlin. M':rliii Ambr<isius, lirit. seer and magician fl. 450?
Merlin de Douai, Phil. Antoine, Ct. Fr. juris:... 1754 1838
Merriam, Charles. Am. jjub. aud philaathropist 1806 87
Merriani, George. American publisher . 1803 1880
Merrick, James. Englishpoet 1720 17'9
Merrick, James L. Am. missi -nary, philanthrop 1803 18fi6
Merrick, Pliny. Am. jurist and benefactor 1794 1867
Merrick, Richard Thomas. Am. statesman 1826 1885
Merrick, Samuel \'aughau. Am. manufacturer... 1801 1870
Merrick, William Duhurst. Am. statesman 1793 1857
Merrick, William Matthews, American jurist... 1813
MerriU, Ayres Phillips. American physician.... 1793 1873
Merrill, Daniel. Am. clergyman and statesman. 17ti5 1833
Merrill, David. Am. Presbyterian clergyman — 1798 1850
Merrill, James. American lawyer and statesman 1790 1841
Merrill, Selah. Am. Evangelist and dipl mat 1837
Merrill, Stephen M. American M. E. bishop 1825
Merrill, Thomas A. Am. clergyman and educat'r 1780 1855
MerriU, William E. Am. engineer and educator. 1837
Merriman, Augustus S. American jurist 1830
Merriman, Mansfield. American civil engineer.. 1848
Merritt, Anna Lea. American artist 1814
Merritt, Edwin A. Am. statesman and diplomat. 1828
Merritt, Timothy. American M. E. clergyman . .. 1775 1845
Merritt, William. Eng. nav., statesman "in Am. . 1610 1708
Merry, Ann. English actress in .\merica 1769 1808
Mersenne, Marin. French philosopher 1588 1648
Mersliakof, Alexis Theo. Russian writer 1778 1830
Mervlne, W'illiam. American naval officer 1790 1868
Mery, Gaston. Am. explorer and author 1793 1844
Mery, Joseph. F^rench author and novelist 1798 1866
Meyon, Charles. French etcher 1821 1868
Meslin, Etienne Edw. F'r. explorer and author. . 17'>1 1812
Mesmer, Friedrich A. Ger. orig. of mesmerism.. 1731 1815
Mesnard, Henry Etienne. Fr. adventurer 1603 1666
Mesquita, de Salvador. Brazilian poet 1646
Messein, de, Charles I". B Can. R. C. bishop 1741 1794
Messer, Asa. Am. clergyman and educator 1769 1836
Messier, Charles. Freiich astronomer 1730 1817
Messinger, Robert Hiuctley. American poet isu 1874
Messier, Abraham. Am. clergyman and author.. 1800 1882
Metastasio, Pietro Antonio D.B. Italian poet 1698 1782
Metcalf, Lrrettus Sutton. American editor 18,37
Metcali, Mason Jerome. American inventor 1807 1883
Metcalf, Ralph. American statesman 1798 1858
Metcalf, Richard. Am. Congregational clergy'n. 1829 1881
Metcalf, Theron. American jurist and writer 17S4 1875
Metcalfe, Charles T, Baron. Indian statesman. 1785 1846
Metcalfe, Henry. Am. educiitor and inventor ... 1847 ....
Metcalfe, Samuel L. .\m. physician and author.. 1798 1856
Metcalfe, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1780 1855
Metternich, von, Clem W. N. L, Prince, Aust... 1773 1859
Metzu or Metsu, Gabriel. Dutch nmre painter.. 1615 1658
Menlen, van der. See Van dee Meule.n.
Meung, de, Jehan. French romancer 12.S0
Meusel, Johann G. Ger. bibliographer, historian. 1743 1820
Meyer, Hans Heinrich. German writer on art. .. 1760 18.32
Meyer, Hermanus. Ger. cl. and educator in Am. 1733 1791
Meyer, Johann Georg. German painter 1813 1886
Meyer, Karl Heinrich Leo. Ger. philologist 18:30
Meyer, Marie P. H. French Palseographer 1840
Meyer, Rudolph Hermann. German writer 18:^
Meyer, von, George H. Ger. anat. and physiol.. . 1815
Meyerheer, Giacomo. German composer 1791 1864
Meyerheim, Eduard Friedrich. Ger. painter 1808 1879
MejTiell, Alice. German poetess 1848?
Mezeray, de, Francois Eudes. French historian. 1610 1683
Hezzofanti, Giuseppe Gaspardo. Italian linguist 1774 1849
Miantonomo. Sachem of the Xarragansetts 1613
Miantonomo, Canonchet. Son of theSnrhfm 1676
Michael Angelo Buonarroti. Ital. paint., sculp. 1475 1.564
Michaelis, Johann David Ger. Biblical critic. .. 1717 1791
Michaud, Joseph F. Fr. historian and journalist 1767 1S39
Miohaux, .\ndr^. French botanist and traveler.. 1746 1802
Mlchaux, Francois A. French botanist 1770 1855
Michel, Clemence Louise. French Revolutionist 1833 ...
Michel, Dieudoune G. L. Fr. miss, in Canada 1605 1669
Michel, Francisque X. French archaeologist 1809 1887
BORN DIED
Michel, Jacjues L. Le Basque. Fr. buccaneer 1620 1677
Michel, William M. American phvsician 1822
Michelet, Jules. French historiaii 1798 1874
Michelet, Karl Ludwig. German philosopher... 1801 1876
Micheli, Piere Antonio. Italian botanist 1679 1737
Mi helin, Henry E. West Indian historian 1726 1795
Michelis, Friedri.h. German theologian 1815
Miohelit, Jules. Fr. historian and essavist 1798 1874
fi^hell J h . English physicist 1725 1793
Mi Ii Ison A ber A. Polish phys. and educator. 1852 ...
Mi'Vi , Pe S. Scot.-Am. engineer, educator... 1839
Mi hler taniel. Am. soldier and engineer... 1827 l8St
MickieTVi ::, Adam. Polish poet 1798 1K5
MicJe, Wi lam Julius. Scottish poet 1734 1788
Mi klucho Maclay, Kikolas. Russian explorer.. 1816
Middleswarth, Ner. Am. soldier and statesman. 1780 1865
Middleton, Arthur. Signer of the Dec. of Indep.. 1742 1787
Middleton, Arthur. American statesman 1681 1737
Middleton, Arthur. American diplomatist 1795 1853
Middleton, Christopher. English navigator 1770
Middleton, Conyers. Eng. theol.. controver'list. 1683 1730
Middleton, Edward. English Colonist in Am 1685
Middleton, Edward. American naval ofiicer 1810 1883
Middleton, Frederick D., Sir. Irish s Idler 1825
Middleton, Henry. American statesman 1717 1781
Middleton, Henry. French author in America... 1797 1876
Aiddieton, John Izard. American auth r 1785 1849
Middleton, John Izard. American statesman 1800 1877
Middleton, Peter. Scottish phvsician. educator 1781
Middle*on, Thomas. English d'ramatist 1570? 1627
Middleton, William. American statesman 1710
Midhat Pasha. Turkish statesman 1822 1884
Miege, John Baptist. Savoyard Jesuit in Am 1815 1881
Miel, Jan. Flemish painter 1599 li>64
MiPris, van, Frans. Dutch painter 1635 1681
Mieroslavski, Ludwik. Polish revolutionist 1814 1878
Miers, John. Eng. explorerand botanist 1789 ].S79
MiflBin Thomas. American patriot, and general.. 1744 1800
Mifflin, Warner. American reformer 1745 1798
Mignard, Pierre. French painter 1610 1695
Mi^ne, Jacques Paul. Abb^. French editor 1800 1875
Mignei, Francois Auguste Marie. French hist. .. 1796 ISSl
Mignot, Louis Remy. .\merican artist 1831 1870
Miguel, Dom MariaEvaristo. Portuguese prince 1802 1866
Mijares, Jacobo. Mexican Jesuit and educator.. 169^ 1751
Miklosich, von, Franz. Slavic philologist, auth. 1813 1891
Milanes, Josi? Jacinto. Cuban poet 1814 1863
Milay Fontanals, Manuels. Spanish writer 1818 1884
Milan I. KingofServia 1854
Milbert, Jacques Gerard. Fr. art. and naturalist 1766 1840
Milburn, Wm. Henry. Bthid Preitrh^r, Am. divine 1823 .
Miles, George Henry. Am. lawyer and author 1.S24 1871
Miles, Henry Adolphns. American cl. and auth.. 1809
Miles, James Browning. Am. Cong'l clergyman. 1822 1875
Miles, James Warley. Am. cl. and writer. .'. 1818 187*
Miles, Nelson Appleton. American general 1839
Miles, Plinv. Am. traveler and author 1818 1865
Miles, Richard Pius. American R. C. bishop 1791 1860
Milet, Peter. French Jesuit missionary in Can 1708
Milizia, Francesco. Italian architect 1725 1798
Mill, James. Brit, philos. and polit'al economist. 1773 1836
MiU, John S. .'-'. of J. Eng. philos.. polit, econo'st 1806 187S
MUlais, John Everett. Sir. English painter 1829
Millar, John. Scottish jurist and author 1735 1801
Millard, David. Am. clergyman and editor 1791 1873
Millard, Harrison. .\m. soldier and musician... 1829
Millard, Louis Aim^. French musical composer 1871
Millaud. Moise. French journalist and banker.. 1813 1871
Milledge, John. Am. statesman and benefactor.. 17.57 1818
Milledoler, Philip. Am. clergyman and educator 177o 1852
Miller, Alfred Jacob. American artist 1810 1874
Miller, Charles Henry. American artist 1842
Miller, Cincinnatus Hiner. Jonquiii. Am. poet.. 1811
Miller, Edward. Am. physician and writer 1760 1813
Miller, Elihu Spencer. Am. lawyer and writer... 1817 1879
Miller, Ezra. Am. engineer and inventor 1812 ...
Miller, Henrv. Am. physician and writer 1800 1874
Miller, Homer Martin V". Am. cl. and physician.. 1814
Miller, Hugh. Scottish geologist and writer 1802 1856
Miller, Jacob Welsh. Am. lawyer, statesman 1800 1862
Miller, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1776 1851
Miller, James Ferguson. American naval officer 180-3 1868
Miller, John. American Presbyterian clergyman 1722 1791
Miller, John. Am. soldier and statesman 17S0 1846
Miller, John. .American clergyman and author.. . 1819
Miller, John F. American soldier, statesman — 1831 1886
Miller, John Henry. German publisher in -\m. .- 1702 1782
Miller, Jonathan P- Am. reformer, benefactor. . - 1797 1847
Miller, Joseph. English comedian 1684? 1738
Miller, Joseph N. American naval officer 1836 ....
Miller, Madison. .American soldier and Senator.. 1811 ...
Miller, Nathan. American statesman 1750 o/(. 1787
Miller, Samuel. American Presby. clergyman 1769 1850
Miller, Samuel. .\m. Presby. clefg. and "lawyer. . 1816 1883
Miller, Samuel Freeman. American jurist 1816 189©
Miller, Stephen. .American soldier, statesman... 1816 1881
Miller, Stephen D. American statesman 1787 18^
Miller, Stephen F. American lawyer, journalist. 1810 1867
Miller, Theodore. American jurist 1816 .
1776
M I L L E R — M 0 N C K T 0 N
BOEN
Miller, Tobias Ham. Rev. Uncle Tohii. Journalist ISiii
Miller, Waruer. Am. soldier and statesman l;>oN
Miller, William. Am.prouhet of the Millfrites.. . 17S2
Miller, William. Eng.. soldier auit statesman. .. 1795
Miller, William. Scottish engraver 17%
Miller, W"iUiam. Scottish minor poet 1810
Miller, William. Nova Scotiau statesman 1835
Miller, William .\!len. English chemist 1S17
Miller, William H. Eng. phys. and mineralogist. 1801
Miller, William H. Am.lawyer, Cabinet officer.. . 1840
Millet, Aime. French sculptor 1819
Millet, Baudouin Henry. Flemish adventurer. . . 1583
Millet, Francis Davis. American artist 1846
Millet, Jean Francois. French painter 1819?
Millet, Pierre. French missionary in Canada — 1631
MUligan, Robert. Irish clei^yman and writer. .. 1814
Millin, Aubin Louis. French archa:ologist 1759
Mills, Abraham. .\m. educator and journalist... 1796
Mills, Clark. .American sculptor 1815
Mills, Darius O. Am. banker and philanthropist. 18"25
Mills, Elijah Hunt. American statesman 1776
Mills, Robert, .\merican architect 1781
Mills, Roger Q. Am. lawyer and statesman 1S32
Mills, Samuel .Tohn. American clergyman 1743
Mills, Samuel John. .-Vm. missionary, writer. ... 1783
Mills, Sebastian B. Eng. plan., mus. comp. in Am 1839
Mills, Thomas W. Can.""physiciau and lecturer.. . 1847
Milman, Henry H. Eng". poet and historian 1791
Milman, Robert. Bishop of Calcutta. Author... 1816
Milmore, Joseph. Irish sculptor in .\merica 1S42
Milmore, Martin. Irish-American sculptor 1S44
Milne, David, Sir. Scottish naval oflicer 1763
Milne, Robert S.,Sir. Eng. sol., gov. in Can 1746
Milne-Edwards, Henri. French naturalist 1800
Milner, Isaac. English scholar and author. 1751
Milner, Joseph. Brother of l^aac. Eng. ch. hist. . 1744
Milnes, Richard Monckton. See Hoightos, Lord.
Milnor, James. Am. clergyman and statesman... 1773
Miltenberger, George W. .^m. phys. and writer 1819
Miltiades. Athenian general and statesman. .. fl. b. c.
Milton, John. English poet 1(508
Mina, Francisco Javier. Spanish revolutionist.. 1789
Minard, -Vbel. American philanthropist 1814
Mind, Gottfried. Raphael of Cats. Swiss painter. 1768
Miner, -^louzo A. .\m. divine, tem. reformer 1814
Miner, Charles. American journalist and author. 17C0
Miner, Myrtilla. Am. educator, philanthropist... 1815
Miner, Thomas, .\merican physician and writer. 1777
Mines, Flavel Scott. Am. clergyman and writer.. 1811
Mines, Flavel Scott. W. Ind. clerg. and editor.... 1S43
Mines, John Flavel. French author and soldier.. 1^3."^
Minghetti, .Marco. Italian statesman ISIS
Minie, Claude Etienne. French inventor 1810
Minlfie, William. Eng. author, architect in Am.. 1805
Minor, Charles. American R. R. manager ISIO
Minor, John Barbee. Am. lawyer and author 1SI3
Minor, Lucian. .Am. lawyer and writer I.S02
Minor, Robert Crannell. .American artist 1.S40
Minor, Virginia Louisa. American reformer 1S*24
Minot, Charles Sedgwick. .American scientist . . 1.S52
Minot, Francis, .\merican physician and writer. 1821
Minot, George. .American lawyer and editor 1817
Minot, George Richards. .\m. jurist and writer. . 175S
Minto, Walter. Scot, mathematician, educator.. 1753
Minturn, Robert Bowue. American merchant... 1805
Minult'irMinnewit. Peter, istgov. X.Xctherlaud 1.580?
Mirabeau, de, Boniface R.. Vicomte. Fr. soldier 1754
Mirabeau, de, Gabriel II. R., Count. Fr. orator. . 1749
Miramon, Miguel. Mexican general. Executed. 1830
Miranda, Francisco. Spanish-.\merican patriot. 17.50?
Miranda, Francisco. Venezuelan revolutionist . 1756
Miranda, de, Pedro. Spanish monk 1510
Miranda-Ribeiro, Jos^ C. Brazilian statesman.. 1792
Mirandola, Giovanni P.. Count. Italian scholar. 1463
Mirbel, de, Chas. F. Brisseau. French botanist.. 1776
Mirecourt, de, Eugene. Chax.J. B. Jncquot. Fr. w'r 1812
Mireil, Jules Cesar. Canadian soldier and poet. . 1699
Mires, Jules. French adventurer and journalist. 1809
Mirkbound. Persian historian 143:3
Missiessy, de, EdouardT.B.,Count. Fr. naval offl 1754
Missroon, John Stoney. American naval officer. . 1810
Mistral, Frijderick. Provencal ooet 1830
Mitehel, Charles Barton. Am. phys., statesman.. 1815
Mitcbel, John. Irish revolutionist 1815
Mitehel, Ormsby MacKnight. Am. astronomer . 1809
Mitcliell, -Alexander. Scot, finjincier in America 1.S17
Miteliell, -Alfred. .Am. Congregational clergyman 1790
Mitcliell, David. Am. statesman and soldiVr 1742
Mitcliell, David Bradie. Scot, lawver and states. 1766
Mitcbell, Donald Grant, n Mnrrct. .Am. author. 1822
Mitchell, Edward. Irish clerevman in America.. 1769
Mitchell, Edward. English sculptor 18.31
Mitchell, Edward Coppoe. .Am. lawyer, author. . 1.S36
Mitchell, Edward Cushins. .Am. edit, and author 1829
Mitchell, Elisha. .Am. educator and surveyor 1793
Mitchell, Henrv. Am. hvdrograpber and edu. . .. 1830
MitcheU, Hinckley Gilbert. .Am d. and edu 1846
Mitchell, James C. .American jurist 1790
MitcheU, James Lyndale. Am. jurist and writer 1834
DIED
1870
1849
1861
lSi2
1872
1870
1880
1631
is75
1711
1875
iSl»
1867
1883
i829
1855
isss
1818
1868
1876
1886
1883
1815
1836
1885
1820
1797
1844
500?
1674
1817
1S71
18U
1865
1864
liy41
1,8.52
1878
1886
1879
1880
1866
1858
1856
1802
1T96
1866
1641
1792
1791
1867
1816
1816
1569
1856
1494
1854
1880
1763
1871
149S
1832
1865
i864
1875
1862
1887
1.S31
1818
18.37
1834
1872
18S7
1857
BOES
Mitchell, John. .Am. clergyman and author 1794
Mitchell, John. Eng. physician and botanist 1768
Mitchell, John H. .Am. lawyerand statesman 1835
Mitchell, John I. Am. lawyer and statesman 1838
Mitchell, Johu K. Am. physician and author 1798
Mitchell. Jonathan. Eng. clergyman and writer 1624
Mitchell, Lucy Meyers. Persian archaeologist 1845
Mitchell, Margaret Julia. American actress 1832
Mitchell, Maria, Miss. .American astronomer 1818
Mitchell, Nahum. .Am. jurist and musical com... 1769
Mitchell, Peter. Can. statesman and author 1824
Mitchell, Robert B. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1823
Mitchell," S. -Augustus. Author of school books.. 1792
Mitchell, Samuel .A. .Am. geographer and author 1792
Mitchell. Samuel Thos. American educator 1851
Mitchell, Silas Weir. -Am. phys. and physiologist 1829
Mitchell, Stephen Mix. American jurist 1743
Mitchell, \\'illiam. .American astronomer. 1791
Mitchell, 'NVilliam. -American clergyman 1793
Mitchell, William. Eng. actor, manager in Am.. 1798
Mitchell, William. .American jurist 1801
Mitchill, Samuel Latham. .Am. phys., naturalist 1764
Mitford, Mary Russell. English authoress 1786
Mitford, AVilliam. Euglishliistorian 1744
Mithridates VI. The Great. Kingof Pontus. B.C. 135?-
Mitignon, Francis. Fr. R. C. clergyman in Am.. 1753
Mitre, Bartolomt^. Argentine statesman 1821
Mitscherlich, Ellard. "German chemist 1794
Mittermaier, Karl Joseph .Anton. Ger. jurist — 1787
Mivart, Saint George. English naturalist 1S27
Moak, Nathaniel C. Am. lawyer and author 1833
Moaweeyah. Omeyyade caliph 610 680
Moberly, George. English bishop and scholar. ... 1803
MObius, .August Ferdinand. Ger. mathematician 1790
MOCino, Jose. Mexican naturalist and writer .. 1760
Mocquard, Constant. Priv. sec. Louis Napoleon. 1791
Modjeska, Helena. Polish actress 1844
Moe, Jurgen. Norwegian bishop and poet 1813
Moeller ."Louis Charles. American artist 1856
Moffat, Edward Stewart. .Am. mining engineer. . 1844
Moffat, James Clement. Scotch edu. and author. 1811
Moffat, James David. American clergyman 1846
Moffat, Robert. Scottish missionary 1795
MofBtt, John M. Eng. sculptor in .America 1837
Mofras, de, Eugene I). Fr. explorer and author.. 1810
Mogila, Peter. " Russian author 1697?
Mohammed. Founder of the Moham. religion.. 571
Mohammed n. The Great. Turkish sultan 1430
Mohammed IV. Turkish sultan 1642
Mohammed All. See Mehemet All
Mohammed, ibn, -AliEs-S. Fr Muss, brotherhood 1792
Moh?.mmed, Kasim. See Ferisht.4H.
Mohl, von, Hugo. German botanist 1805
Mohl, von, Julius. Brn.nf Hugo. Ger. orientalist 1800
Mohl, von, Moritz. German politician 1802
Mohl, von, Robert. German jurist 1799
Mohler, Jobann.Adam. German theologian 1796
Mohr, Karl Friedrich. Ger. physicist 1806
Mohs, Friedrich. German mineralogist 1773
Moigno. Francois N. M. French scientist 1804
Moir, David Macbeth. Scottish author 1798
Moise, Penina. .American poetess 1797
Moivre, de, -Abraham. French mathematician... 1667
Mokanna. Al-Hakem-ibn-.Atta. Molseni impostor
Molay, de,^ Jacques. G. M. of the Templars
Molbech, Christian. Danish author 1783
Moldenke, Charles Edward. Prussian author 1860
Moldenke. Edward Frederick. Prns. cL, edu 1836
Moles, Louis Mathieu. Count. French statesman 1781
Moleschott, Jacob. German physiologist 1822
Molesworth, William N. Eng. cl. and author. ... 1816
Moliere. Jean Baptiste Poguelin. Fr. dramatist.. 1622
Molina, de, .Alonso. Spanish mis. and author — 1510
Molina, Felipe. Cent. .American diplomat 1812
Molina, Juan Ignacio. Chilian Jesuit and author 1740
Molina, Luis. "Spanish Jesuit and theologian 1535
Molina, Pedro. Cent. .Am. statesman phys. poet.. 1777
Molinari, de, Gustave. Belgian economist 1819
Molineux, Edward L. Eng. sol., writer in Am. . . 1833
Molinos, de, Miquel. Spanish mystic 1627
Moller, Henrv. Ger. Lnth. cl.. educ. in .Am 1749
MoUhansen, Baldwin. Ger. traveler and author. lS2o
Molly, Captain. American heroine 1756
Molmenti, Pompeo Gherardo. Italian writer.... 1S51
Molson, John. Eng. capitalist in Canada 1764
Molson, John. Can. banker and statesman 1787
Molson, William. Canadian banker 1793
Moltke, von, Helmuth K. B., Ct. Prus. field mar 1800
Molyn, Peter. See Tempesta.
Molyneux, Richard. English Jesuit in .America. 1696
Molyneux, William. Irish mathematician 1656
Momberger, William. German artist in Am 1829
Mombert, Jacob Isador. German author 1829
Kommsen, C. M, Theodore. German historian... 1817
Mompesson. Roger. English jurist in .America.. 1715
Monboddo, James Burnet. Lord. Scottish jurist. 1714
Monck, Charles S.. A'iscount. Irish stat. in Can . 1819
Monckhoven, von, Dfeiri5. Belgian savant 1831
Monckton, Robert. British general in America
DIEII
1870
1858
1668
1888
iss9
1853
1882
1868
1868
1835
1868
1867.
1856
1886
1831
1855
1827
63
1818
1663
1867
A.D
1885
1868
1819
1864
1882
1890
1883
1887
1851
1646
632
1481
1693
1882
1872
1876
18SS
IS75
1838
1879
1839
18S4
1851
ISSO
1754
78o;
1314
1857
1855
i896
1673
1584
1855
1S29
1601
1850
16%
1829
1789
i836
1860
1875
1891
1766
1698
1799
18S2
1782
MONCRBIFF— MOREAU-CHRISTOPA
1777
BORN DIED
Mencreiff, Henry W'ellwood, Sir. Scottish divine 17flu 1K27
Mondelet, Charles Joseph E. Cauiidiau jurist, . . IWUI 1N77
Mondesir, Charles S. Am. uaturalist aud author I7oU 1.S17
Monell, Claudius L. American jurist I.sl5 1J<76
Monette, John W. Am. statesman and author. . . ISUS 1»51
Monfort, Francis C. Am. clergyman and editor. 1.S44 ....
Monfort, Joseph G. Am. clergyman and journalist IHIO ....
Monge, Gaspard. Comte de PCduse. Fr. geometer 174B 1818
Moms, Judah. Italian educator and author 1683 1764
Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle. Eug. general 1608 1690
Monk, Maria. Keligious impostor in Canada 1817 1850
Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of. Eug. rel)cl... 1649 16i>5
Monnais, Edouard. French dramatic author 1798 1868
Monnard, Charles. Sniss author 1790 1865
Monnler, Henri. French author and artist 1799 1877
Monnier, Marc. French litterateur 1829 1885
Monnoyer, Jean Baptiste. Fr. fruit, flower paint 16:% 1699
Monod, Adoli)he. French Protestant divine 1800 1856
Monod, Theodore. Fr. clergyman in America. ,. . 1836 ....
Monro, Alexander. Eminent'British anatomist. . 1697 1767
Monroe, Andrew. American M. E. clergyman ... 1792 1871
Monroe, Elizabeth K. Wife of Pres. Monroe 1768 1830
Monroe, James. Fifth pres. of United States 1758 1831
Monroe, James. American soldier 1799 1870
Monroe, James. American statesman 1821 ....
Monroe, Samuel Yorke. American M. E. clerg. , . 1816 1867
Monroy, Antonio. Jlexican monk, educator 16;^ 1715
Mons, van, Jean B. Belgian chemist, horticult. . 1765 1842
Monselet, Charles. French novelist 1825 18S8
Monserrat, de, Joaquin, Marq. Viceroy of Mex.. 1710 1770
Monstrelet, de, Enguerraud. Fr. chronicler. . . . 1390? 1453
Montagne, Jean F. C'amille. French physician.. 1784 1866
Montagu, Basil. English lawyer '1770 1851
Montagu, Charles. See H.4lifax,. C. M., Earl of.
Montagu, Elizabeth, born Robinson. Eng. auth. 1720 1800
Montagu, George. English naval oiiicer 17.50 1829
Montagu, Mary Wortlev. Ladv. Eng. authoress, . 1690 1762
Montague, Henry J. English actor 1841 1878
Montague, Robert L. American jurist 1819 1880
Montague, ^YilUam Lewis. Am. edu. and author. 1831 ....
Montaiglon, de, -\natole de C. Fr. bibliographer 1824
Montaigne, de, Michel E., Seigneur. Fr. philos, 1533 1592
Montaigne, de, Nogaret C. S. W. Ind. naturalist 1667 1742
Montalembert, de, Charles F., Comte. Fr. states 1810 1870
Montalembert, de, Marc R., Marq. Fr. mil. eng. 1714 1800
Montalvan, de, Juan Perez. Spanish dramatist, 1602 163S
Montcalm, Louis Joseph. French general 1712 1759
Montcalm, Paul F. J. French naval officer 1756 1812
Monteagudo, Bernardo. Argentine statesman, . . 1787 1825
Montecuccoll, de, Raimurd, Count. Aust. gen,. 1609 1680
Monteflore, Joshua. Eng. lawyer, auth. in Am, .. 1762 1843
Monteflore, Moses, Sir. English Jewish philau.. . 1784 1885
Mont^gut, Emile. French litterateur 1826
Monteil, Nicolas Antolne. West. Ind. botanist, , . 1771 1833
Monteiro, Candido Borges. Braz. phys., educator 1812 1872
Montejo, Francisco. Spanish statesman 1502 ....
Montemayor, de, Jorge. Port, poet and novelist 1520 1561
Montenegro, de, Alfonso. Spanish monk 1553
Mont6pin,de, Xavier, Count. Fr. nov. and dram 1826
Montero, Lizardo. Peruvian naval officer 1832
Monies, de. Oca Ignacio. Mexican R. C. bishop, , 1840
Montesinos, Fernando, Spanish historian 1.593 1655
Montespan, de, Franroise. Mistress of L's XIV IMl 1707
Montesquieu, de, i-'has.. Baron. Fr. jur., philos. 1689 1755
Monteverde, Claudio. Italian composer 1568 1643
Montez, Lola. Irish adventuress in America 1822 1861
Montezuma II. Last .\ztec emperor of Mexico... 1466 1520
Montfaucon.de, Bernard. Fr. critic, antiquary. 1655 1741
Montfort, de, Simon. French crusader 1150? 1218
Montfort, de, Simon, Pari of Leicester. Sod of pre. 1206? 1265
Montgolfier, Jacques Etlenne. French scientist. 1745 1799
Montgolfier, Joseph Michel. Inv. of the balloon. 1740 1810
Montgomery, George W. Sp. diplomat, author., , 1804 1841
Montgomery, Henry Eglinton. Am. P. E.cl, ,, 1820 1874
Montgomery, James. Scotch poet and journalist 1771 1854
Montgomery, James. American pioneer 1814 1871
IVIontgomery, John. Irish statesman in America 1722 1808
Montgomery, John Berrien. Am. naval officer. . . 1794 1S73
Montgomery, Joseph. Am. cl. and statesman 1733 1794
Montgomery, Martin Van B. Am. soldier, jurist. 1840 ...
Montgomery, Richard. Am. gen. Fell at Quebec 17W 1775
Montgomery, Robert. English poet 1807 1855
Montgomery, Robert, Sir. Scot, colonist in Am, 1680 1731
Montgomery, William. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1819 1870
Montgomery, William B. Am. miss, and trans... 1790 1834
Montnolon, de, Charles T.. Marquis. Fr. gen 1782 18.53
Monthyon, de, J. B. R. Angler. Fr. philanthro.. . 1733 1820
Monti, Luigi. Sicilian diplomat and author 1830
Monti, Vincenzo. Italian poet. 1753 1828
Montigny,de, Francis J. Fr. missionary in Can, 1661 1725
Montmagny, de, Charles J. H. Can. governor 1649
Montmorency, de, Anne, first due. Fr. Const, , 1492 1.567
Montmorency, de, Henri II.. lastduc. Fr. marsh 1.595 1632
Montoya, de, Antonia R. Peruv. Jesuit, author, 1.585 1652
Montpensier, de, AnneM. L. d'0.,Duch. Fr.prinl627 1693
Montpensier, de, Antoine M. P. L., Due. Fr. prin 1824 1890
Montrose, James G., Marquis of. Scot. Rovalist. 1612 16.50
Montrueil, Desire A. F. Fr. explorer, botanist , . 1709 1760
Monts, de, Pierre du G., Sieur. Fr. col. of Acadia 1560? 1611
Montt, Manuel. .Chilian statesman
MontUCla, Jean Etienne. French mathematician
Montufar, Lorenzo C. Am. statesman, scientist.
Montyon, de, Antoine J. B.R. A. Bar. Fr. philau.
Mooar, George. American editor aud author. , , ,
Moodie, John W. D. Canadian soldier and author
Moodie, Susanna. Eng. authoress in Canada
Moody, Dwight Lyman. American evangelist
Moody, Granville". Am. clergyman and soldier., .
Moody, John. American spy
Moody, Joshua. Welsh Congregational clergyman
Moody, Paul. American mechanic and inventor.
Moody, Samuel. Am. Congregational clergyman.
Mooney, Edward Ludlow. American artist
Mooravief, Mikhail. Russian general
Moor, Wyman B. S. Am. lawyer and statesman..
Moore, Alfred. American jurist and soldier
Moore, Alfred. Am. lawyer and statesman
Moore, Andrew. Am. lawyer and statesman
Moore, Andrew Barry. Am. jurist and governor.
Moore, Bartholomew F. Am. states., and beuef'r
Moore, Benjamin. American P. E. bishop
r.Ioore, Charles L. American diplomat and poet
Moore, ClaiuJ. Am. philanthrojiist, authoress.. .
IToore, Clement C. Am. professor and poet
} ^oore, David. American P. E. clergyman
i.ioorc, David A. Am. physician and author
Moore, Dunlop. Irish Presby. cl. and translator.
Moore, rdward Mott. Am. surgeon and lecturer
Moore, Ldwin Ward. American naval officer
Moore, Erasmus Darwin. American journalist. , .
Moore, Frank. American editor
Moore, Gabriel. American lawyer and statesman
Moore, George. English philanthropist
Moore, Geoige Henry. Am. librarian and author,
I.loore, Harry Humphrey. American artist
Moore, Henry. Sir. W. Ind. stats, and gov. in Am
Moore, Henry Eaton. Am. musical composer,...
Moore, Horatio Newton. American author
Moore, Jacob B. Am. phys., musical composer. . .
Moore, James. Irish governor in America
Moore, James W. American scientist, educator..
Moore, Jesse Hale. Am. soldier and diplomat. , . .
Moore, John. Eng. jurist in America
Moore, John. Am. merchant and statesman
Moore, John. Scottish physician and author... .
Moore, John, Sir. f>ou o/p'rccrd. Scotch general.
Moore, John. American surgeon
Moore, John. Irish R. C. bishop in America
Moore, John Weeks. Am. mus. jour, aud author.
Moore, Martin. Am. clergyman and journalist. , .
Moore, Maurice. American jurist
Moore, Nathaniel F. Am. lawyer and educator..
Moore, r:ichard Chanuing. Am. phys., P. E. bp..
Moore, Samuel. American statesman
Moore, Thomas. Irish poet
Moore, Thomas Patrick. Am. states, and soldier.
Moore, Thomas Vernon. Am. cl. and writer
Moore, William. American jurist
Moore, William. American statesman
Moore, William. Am. physician and writer
Moore, Wi'iiam Eves. Aih. clergyman and auth.
Moore, Zf t»haniah Swift. Am. cl. and educator, ,
Moorhead, James Kennedy. American states. . . ,
Moquilluix. King of Tlalt'elolco
Moquin-Tandon, Horace B A. Fr. botanist
Mora, Francis Spanish R. C. bishop
Mora, Jose Joaquin. Span, lawyer aud author —
Moraes, de, E. Silva Antonio. Braz. lexicog
Morals, Sabato. Italian rabbi and educator . .
Morales, de, .\mbrosio. Spanish historian
Morales, Juan B. Mexican author
Morales, Pedro. Spanish clergyman
Morales, de, Luis. El Divino. Spanish painter
Morales, de, Sebastian A. Cuban trav. and hot, .
Morales-Lemus, Jose. Cuban lawyer and patriot
Moran, Benjamin. Am. dijilomatist and writer. .
Moran, Edward. American artist
Moran, Leon. American artist
Moran, Mary Nimmo. Scottish artist
Moran, Percy. American artist
Moran, Peter. American artist
Moran, Thomas. American artist
Morand, Sauveur Francois. French surgeon
Morandi-Manzolini, Anna. It. anat. and mod.. .
Moranville, John Francis. Fr. miss, in Am
Morard, de, Galle J, B. French naval officer
Morata, Olvmpia Fulvla. Italian authoress
Moratin, de, Leandro Fernandez. Sp. dramatist
Moraud, Dieudonne G. C. H. Swiss missionary.
Moray, Earl of. See Murray, Earl of.
Morazan, Francisco. Last yires. of rep. of C. .\m.
Mordaunt, Charles. See Pkterborough, Earl of.
Mordecai, .\lfred. Am. soldier and engineer
More, Hannah. English authoress
More, Henry. English philosopher
More, Nicholas. English Colonist
More, Thomas, Sir. Eng. wit and statesman
Moreau-Christopa, Louis M. Fr. pris. refr., law.
BORN
1809
1725
1823
1733
1S30
1797
1803
1837
1812
1759
1633
1779
1676
1813
179S
1814
1755
1783
1762
1806
1801
1748
1854
1824
1779
1787
1814
1830
1814
1811
1802
1828
1790
1807
1823
1844
1713
1803
1814
1772
1640
1844
1817
1658
1686
1729
1761
1826
1835
1807
1790
1735
1782
1762
1796
1780
1797
1818
1699
1735
1754
IS23
1770
1.S06
1420
1804
1827
1784
1766
1824
1513
1788
1537
1509
1823
1808
1820
1829
1863
1842
1862
1842
1837
1697
1716
1760
1741
1.526
1760
1503
DIED
1881
1799
1869
1885
iss?
1781
1697
1831
1747
1887
1866
1869
1810
1837
1821
1873
1878
1816
1863
1856
1844
1876
1769
1831
1859
1813
1729
i88S
1732
1749
1802
1809
1866
1777
1872
1841
1875
1852
1863
1871
1783
1793
1824
1823
1884
1470
1863
1848
1825
1591
1856
1614
1586
1870
1886
1778
1774
1824
1809
1555
1828
1572
1799 1842
1804
1745
1614
14S0
1799
1887
1833
1687
1689
1535
1883
1778
M 0 R E A U ~ M 0 S C 0 S O
RORN DIED
Moreau, Hegi^sippe. Frenchpoet JSIO 18:iS
Moreau, Jean Victor. French general. ....^- ... l/t)-> Iblo
Moreau, Louis Zepheriu. Canadian R. C. bishop 1S24 —
Morehead, Charies S. Am. lawyer, statesman. . . 1802 1868
Moreliead, James T. Am. lawyer and statesman 1707 1854
Moreliead, John M. Am. statesman and governor 17y6 1866
Morehouse, George R. Am. physician, writer... 1829 .
Morel Frederick. Fr. printer, Crreeli scnolar loos IboU
Moreli, de, Santa C. V. A. W.Ind. R. C. bishop.. 1004 1768
Mo'"er George. American jurist 1786 1843
Moreli, Thomas. English philologist .....170S 1781
Morellet, Andre, Abbe. Fr. politicnl economist.. 1/27 181.)
MorelOS, Jose Maria. Mexican revolutionist 1780 1815
Moreno, Francisco. Argentine explorer, writer.. 1^27
Moreno, Manuel. Argentine diplomat, writer.... 1781 18o7
Moreno, Mariano. .-Vrgentine lawyer, sta^psman. l'./8 1811
Mor§ri, Louis. Fr. com'r-'Gr'd Diet. Histirique" lfi4:i 16S0
Moreto y Cavana, Agustin. Spanish dramatist. . 1618 1669
Moretto da Brescia, n. See Bonvicino.
Morey. Samuel. Amc ican inventor iioJ IMS
Morfit, Campbell. Am. chemist and writer 18-0 ....
Morfit, t-larence. Am. chemist and author 18Lb ....
Morford, Henrv. Am. editor and author 1828 1881
Morgagnl, Giovanni Battista. Ital. patho. anat.. 1682 1771
Morgan Abel. Welsh cl. and author in Am K.7S 1723
Morgan Abel. American Baptist clergyman.. 171o li8o
Morgan, Charles. Am. merchant and benefacto. '795 18(8
Morgan Charles W. American naval officer •iM lSo3
Morgan ;hri topher. Am. lawyer and states.. 1808 IS;/
Morgan' Daniel. Am. Revolutionary general 1731. 1802
Morgan. Edward Barber. Am. states., philan.... ISOi, 1881
Morgan Eawin Dennison. Am. mer. Gov. ^. i 1811 188-i
Morgan Edwin vV right. Am. sold, and educator. 1814 1869
Morgan Enoch. We.sh clergyman in America.. 1076 1/40
Morgan Geo. W. Am. sold, and rep. in Congress 1820 ....
Morgan George Was; bourne. Eng. orga'st m Am. 1n22 ....
Morgan, Heleii Clarissa. American educator iS4o ....
Morgan, Henry., Sir. Welsh Buccaneer. 1637 1690
Morgan Henry. American clergyman, lecturer.. 182o 1S81
Morgan Hi'nrv James. Can. statesman, author. . 18-12
Morgan, James Appleton. American author 1.850 ..
Morgan John. American phvsiciau and writer.. l/2o 1/89
Morgan! John H. American partisan general.. .. 1826 1864
Morgan, John rierpont. American banker .... 18b/
Morgan Johu Tyler. Am. statesman and soldier 1824 ....
Morgan Joseph! American D. Ref. clergyman... 1674 1/40
Morgan, Junius S. Am. banker, philauthr^ ' ; J§}S Jf„?
Morgan Lewis Heniy. American anthro] ^..^o-ot 1818 1881
Morgan' MathewS. Eug.-Am.artist, theat.mang. 1839 1890
Morgan! Ma\irt. American harpist. ,^^. 1864 ....
Morgan Philip H. Americau jurist, diplomat. .. 18z5 ...1
Morgan' Svduev. Lady, b'n Owenson. Ir. auth'ess 1783? 18o9
Morgan' Wm. Am. mech. Freemason. Abducted. 1775 1525
Morgan' Wii'iam. English artist in America I' ■ ...
Morgan \\i'.iamF. American P. E. clergyman.. : I 1888
Morghen, Raffaellc. Italian engraver l/,_j8 1833
Morhof, Daniel Gee-. German author... 1639 16.1
Moriartv James J. Irish R. C.cl. and author.. .. 1843 1887
Moriarty Patrick 1 Ir. R.C. miss.. writ, in Am. 1804 187o
Moribecha, Melchoir D. Brazilian miner 1689 1/41
Morier James. Eng. traveler and romancer 1/80 1849
Morike, Eduard. German v>oei, :. 1S04 lS7o
Morin, Alexandre E. W . Indian historian 1/ /6 1831
Morin UigustinN. Canadian jurist I80o isbo
Morln, FrOderic. French author.. ISiS ....
Morin, J "an. French Biblical critic lo91 li.o9
Morlrra, Lui/.daCunha. Braz. naval officer 1/// istj_i
Morison, James Cotter. English author. 1^1 !.»»»
Morison, John llopkius. Am. el. and author 1808
Morison, Nathaniel Holmes. American educator 18j5
Morison, Robert Brown, .^m. phys. and writer.. 1851 ...
Morland, George. English painter, ... 1/bj 1804
Morland, Samuel., Sir. Eng. mech. and inveutor lb2o 1695
Morley Edward Williams. American chemist. .. 1838 —
Morley, Henry. English author. 1822 ....
Morloy John. English writer and statesman — 1838
Morley, Thomas. English composer ,■■■■■ ^?^i' J?V*
Morlot Francis N.M. Abp. of Paris. Theol. w'r. ]79o 1L,.1
Mornay, de, Phiiii>pe. French Protestant chief.. ;.j49 1623
Morny de, Chas. A. L. J., Due. Fr. statesman 1811 iSi-.^
Moro, Attoni. Dutch portrait painter 1512? lo81
Morphv, Paul Charles. Am. chess-player 183/ K84
Morrell, Benjamin, .\meriean navigator l/9o 1839
Morrell, Thomas. Am. clergyman and soldier — 1/4/ 1838
Morrey ("Murrey, H. Eng. statesman in Am.. IfoO 1/16
Morrice, Davi 1. scotch-Canadian philanthropist 1829 ....
Morril, David L. Am. physician and statesman.. 1772 1841
Morrill .\nson Peaslee. American statesman — 1803 1887
Morrill, Justin S. Am. agriculturist and states'n 1810 ....
Morrill, Lot Myrick. Am. lawyer and statesman 1813 18*3
Morrin,' Josepli. Scot. phys. aiid benef. in Can... U92 1861
Morris 'Alexander. Can. lawyer and statesman. . 1826 —
Morris, -Vnthonv. Eng. Quaker preacher in Am. . 16.54 1/21
Morris Anthonv. Eng. mer. and states'n in Am. 11kS2 1/63
Morris \nthonv. .\m. statesman and diplomat. -1766 1860
Morris! Benjamin Wistar. American P. E. bishop 1819 ._^. .
Morris, Cadwalader. Am. soldier and bank oflicer 1/41 ]/9o
Morris Caspar. American phys., lee. and author ISOo 1884
Morris, Charles. American commodore 1784 1806
bor:; uiEr
Morris, Charlesd'Urban. Eng. edu.,anth. in .Vm 1S27 1886
Morris, Clara, .\nierican actress 1846
Morris, Edmund. .\ni. journalist and inventor. . 1S04 1874
Morris, Edward Dafydd. .A.m. clergyman, edu. .. 1825 —
Morris, Edward Jov. .\m. diplomatist, author... 1815 1881
Morris, George P. Am. poet and journalist 1802 1864
Morris, George Sylvester. American philosopher 1810 ..
Morris, George Upham. Am. naval officer 1830 1S7S
Morris, Gouverneur. .\merican statesman 1752 1816
Morris Henrv W. American naval officer 1806 186*
Morris, Herbert Wm. Welsh, cl., auth. in Am.. . . 1818 ....
Morris, ISTie Newton. American statesman 1812 1879
Morris, Ja.ub. American statesman and sold'r.. 1755 1844
Mori 'S, James C. Am. phys., inventor, author... ISSl —
Morris, Jonathan D. American statesman 1804 187*
Morris, John. American jurist 1739 178S
Morris, John Guillieb. Am. Lutheran clergyman 1803 .^..
MorriF, 'jcwis. American jurist 1671 1746
McrriJ, Lewis. Signer of Decl. of Independence. 1726 1798
r.Iorris, Lewis. Englishpoet 1835 ...
Morris, Marv Phflipse, wife of Roger 1730 1825
Morris, Philip Richard. English painter isas —
Morris, Phiueas P. Am. lawyer and author 1817 —
Morris, Richard. English philologist 1833 —
Ilorris Richard Valentine. Am. naval olheer
Morris, Robert. .\m. states. Signer Decl. Indepen 1734 1^06
Iforris, Robert. American jurist l\-\9 l.--lo
Morris, Robert. American author 1M8 1S8»
Morris, Robert Hunter. American jurist 1700 1764
Morris, Samuel. American Presby. clergyman... 1700 1/70
Morris, L^amnel. American statesman 1711 1782
'lorris Samuel. Am. statesman and soldier 1734 1812
ilorris Samuel C. Am. soldier and patriot ... 1743 l.-^20
Morris, Samuel Wells. .Ajiierican jurist 1786 l."!?
MO'ris Sarah. American Quaker preacher 17M 1//0
Morris, Thomas. American statesman 1776 I.S44
Morris, Thomas Asbury. Am. M. E. bishop 1/94 18/4
Morris William. Scot.-Can. statesman. 1/86 I8a»
Ilorris, William. Englishpoet.. . . ■ • JSJ ■■■■
Morris, William Hopkins. Am. soldier, inventor 1826 ....
riorrison Angus. Scottish statesman in Canada 1822 —
Morrison! Charles Robert. Am. jurist, soldier. .. 1819 ....
Morrison, George Washington. Am. statesman. 1809 ....
I'orrison, James. Am. soldier, army contractor, l/oo 182S
Morrison, James Frank. American electrician. . 1841 ^
Morrison Joseph Curran. Irish jurist m Canada ISlb 1885
rorrison, Leonard A. Am. states'n, historian.. 1843 ....
nforrlson Robert. English orientalist 1782 183*
Blorrilon Thos. F. X.'Scotian state:, in Canada. 1808 188«
Jforrison! WiUiam. Canadian explorer 1/8.5 186«
Morrison, Wi.iiam Ralls. American Congressman 1825 . ._;^
Morrow, Jeremiah. American statesman. ...... 1//I 1852
UTorrow, Thomas Vaughn. American physician. 1804 18o»
■ lorse \1 ner .\m clergyman and genealogist.. 1/93 istw
Morse! David Appleton. American physician.. . 1840 ....
Morse, Edward Svlvester. American naturali=t. 1838 ....
Morse, Harmon Northrup. .^ni. chemist and w/. 1.^ ....
Morse, Henry Eagg. Am. soldier and jurist ...^. 8o6 874
Morse Henrv Duttou. Am. diamond-cut., scien. 1826 1888
Morse, Isaac'Edwards. Am. lawyer and states... 1,809 186«
Morse, Jedidiah. American geographer.. 1/61 182k
Morse, John Tirrey. Am. lawyer and author ... . 1840
Morse, Richara Cary. Am. cl. and journalist. . . . 1^9o 1861
Morse SjmuelF.B. Am. artist and inventor. ... 1^91 18,8
Morse, Sidney E. Am. journalist and inventor. .. 1/94 1871
"lortemart, de, Vict. H. E. R. V. Fr naval offl... l-o7 1/^
:aortier, EdouardA. C.J. Duke of TreviS9 1/68 18^
Mortier Edward L. Fr. naturalist aud writer... 1801 1854
Mortillet, de, Gabriel. Fr arclueol., politician.. 1821
Mortimer, Roger. Earl of March 5^5 iSra
Mortimer, Mrs. English an htuess ......... ^... 1802 1878
Morton, Alexander. Scottish inventor in Am... 1820 186»
Morton Charles. Eng. clergymau educator... 1626 1698
Uorton m- Mourt, George. Eng. pilgrim, author. ISto 162S
Morton, Henry. Am. physicist and benefactor .. 1836 ....
Morton Henry J. American P E clergyman 1807 . .
Morton, Jackson. American statesman. ....... 1/94 1874
Morton James D. Earl of. Regent of Scotland.. 16o0 1581
Morton James St. C. Am. engineer and writer. . 1829 864
Morton John. English prelate and statesman .. 410 lo0«
Morton John. Signer of the Decl. of Independ.. 1/24 1777
■ lorton Levi P. Am. banker. Vice Pres. U.S... 1824
..lorton, Marcus. American jurist. J/84 i»bi
Morton, Marcus, Jr. American jurist IMJ -■_
Morton, Nathaniel. American historian 1613 168*
riorton! Oliver Perry. American statesman 1823 18/7
Morton, Robert. Americandiarist . ... ._ -^ i/™ r/?»
Morton Samuel George. Am. naturalist, ethnol. 1,99 1851
Norton Sarah W. A. American authoress ..... l/o9 1846
Morton Thomas. Eng. adventurer in America. Io90 1646
Morton Thomas. English dramatist ..... .^,. 1764 1838
Morton, Thomas George. .\m. surgeon and auth. 183.^ .^
Morton William T. G. Am. dentist, physician 18 9 186S
Morwitz, Edward. Prus. pub. and invent, in Am 1815 ...
Mosbourg, Comte de. See Agar. J. A. M
Mosby, Jolin Singleton. Coniederate colonel.. .. 1833
Mosby , Marv Webster. American authoress 1^91 W\
Moscheles,"lgnaz. Ger. pianist and composer. .. 1/94 18,C
Moicoso.de.LuisAlvarado. Span, adventurer.. 150o lool
M 0 S E L E Y — M U R R A Y
1779
BOES DIED
Hoseley, Benjamin. Eng. physician in Jamaica. 17i>9 1S19
Moseley, Henry. English scieDtilic writer ISui 1872
Moseley, Henry Nottidge. English naturalist l)>i4
Moseley, William D. Am. lawyer and statesman 1795 1»63
Mosenthal, Joseph. Ger.-Amer. musician, comp ls;>4
Mosenthal, von. Salomon H. German dramatist i.^iil 1877
Moser, Goorsie Michael. Swiss-English euameler 17U7 1783
Moser, Johaun Jakob. German jurist 1701 1785
Moses, Thomas Freeman. Am. phys. and writer. 1836 ....
Moses of Chorene. Armenian historian 489? a. d.
Mosheim, von, Jofaann Lorenz. Ger. eccles. bist. 1694? 1755
Mosher, Jacob S. Am. physician and educator.. . 1834 1883
Hosier, Henry. American artist 1841 ...
Mosquera, Ruy Garcia. Spanish adventurer 1.501 1555
Mosquera, de.Tomas C. Colombian statesman. 1798 1878
Moss, John Calvin. American inventor 1838
Moss, Lemuel. American educator and author. .. 1829
Moss, Thomas. Canadian jurist 1836 1881
Mota, de la, .\lonso. Mexican R. C. bishop 1550 1625
Mota-FadUla, de la, Matias. Mexican historian ICSS 1776
Motherwell, '»Villiam. Scot, poet and journalist. 1797 l&o5
Motley, John Lothrop. American historian 1814 1S77
Motollnla "r Benavente.de, Toribio. Sp. miss 1568
Mott, Alexander B. Am. surgeon and educator. . 1826 ....
Mott, George S. American clergyman and author 1829 ....
Mott, Henry .\. American chemist author 18.52 ...
Mott, James. Am. educator and merchant 1788 1868
Mott, Lucretia, born Coffin. Am. social reformer 1793 1880
Mott, Valentine. American surgeon 1785 1865
Mott, Valentine. American physician I.S52 ....
Mott, William F. Am. merchant, philanthropist. 17.S5 18ti7
Motte, Rebecca Brewton. .\nierican heroine 1739 1815
Moulac, Vincent Marie. French naval officer 17.^0 1836
Mould, Jacob Wrey. Eng. architect in America. . 1822 18S6
Moulton, Jeremiah. Am. soldier and statesman.. I)jfc8 17ii5
Moulton, Joseph White. .American historian 17.S9 1875
Moulton, Louis C, born Chandler. Am. poet... 1835 .
Moultrie, James. Am. nhys. and scientist 1793 1869
Moultrie, John. Englishpoet 1799 1874
Monltrie, William. Am. Revolutionary general.. 1731 1S05
Mounet-Sully, Jean. French actor 1841
Mounter, Jean Joseph. French statesman 1758 1806
Mount, William Sidney, -\merican artist 1807 1848
Mount-Shepard, Alonzo. Am. portrait-painter... 1S04 1868
Mountain, .\rmine S. H. Can. sol. and linguist. . 1797 1834
Mountain, Armine W. Can. P. E. clergyman 1S23 1885
Mountain, George J. Eng. bishop in Canada 1789 186.^
Mountain. Jacob. Eng. bishop and states, in Can I7o0 1825
Mountcastle, Clara H. Can edu. and authoress 18-37
Mountford, William. English cl. author in Am.. 1816 1885
Mouraille, Theodore Gustave. French explorer. 1.594 16-51
Mousseau, Joseph A. Can. statesman, writer.. . 1838 ....
Mouton, Alexander. Am. lawyer, statesman 1804 1885
Movers, Franz Karl. German orientalist. .. ' 1806 1856
Mowat, John Bower. Canadian educator 1825 ....
Mowac, Oliver. Canadian statesman 1820
MO'watt,-\nna Cora. .\m. authoress and actress.. 1819 1870
Mowry, Sylvester. Am. surveyor and writer 1.8.30 1871
Moya de Contreras, Pedro. Spanish archbishop. 1520 1591
Moyse, Charles Ebenezer. Eng. educator in Can. 1852 ....
Moyart, Wolgang A. Ger. musical composer 1756 1791
Mozler, Joseph. American sculptor 1812 1870
Mozley, James Bowling. English divine 1813 1878
Mozley, Thomas. Eng. clergyman and writer... 1806 ....
Mrak, Ignatius. Austrian K. C. bishop 1810 ....
Muckc, Heinrich Karl .\nton. German painter.. 180t» ....
Mudge, Benjamin F. Am. law-yer and scientist. . 1817 1879
Mudge, Enoch. Am. clergyman and author 1776 1850
Mudge, Enoch Redington. .\m. merch. and ben. 1812 1881
Mudge, John. Eng. optician and mechanician. . . 1721 1793
Mudge. Thomas Hicks, .\merican educator 1815 1862
Mudge, Zachariah .A.twell. .Vm. cl. atid author. .. 1813 ...
Mudie, Robert. Scottish naturalist and author.. 1777 1S42
Muenster, Paul. Moravian clergyman in Am 171(> 1792
Mugge nr Muegge, Theodore. Ger. nov., editor. . 1806 1861
Muggleton, LuaowicK. English fanatic 1609 1697
Muhammad. See Moh.immed.
MuMbach, Luise. Mm.TUiu.Mundf. Ger. novelist 1814 1873
Muhlenberg, Francis S. Am. lawyer, statesmau. 179.5 18;32
Muhlenberg, Fred. A. C. Am.Luth.cl.. states'n. 1750 1801
Muhlenberg, Frederic .i. Am. educator, writer. 1S18
Mlihleuberg, Gotthilf H. E. .American botanist. 17.53 1815
Muhlenberg, Henry A. Am. Luth. cl., diplomat. 1782 1814
Muhlenberg, Henry Melcbior. Am. Luth. divine 1711 1787
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel. Am. general.. 1746 18U7
Muhlenberg, William Augustus. .\m. cl., poet... 1796 1877
Muir, James. Scottish Pres. cl. and educator 1757 1820
Mulr, John. Scottish author 1810 1882
Muir, William. Sir. Arabicscholar 1819
Muir, Samuel C. American I'hysician 17*^5 J832
Mukhtar-Pasha, Ghazi A. Turkish general 18.37
Mulcaster, William Howe. Sir. Kng. naval offi... 17.85 18.37
Mulder, Gerard J. Dutch doctor and chemist 1802 1880
Mwlford, Elisha. Am. clergyman and author. .. . 18-33 1885
Mulgrave, Constantine Henry. Eng. statesman. 1797 1863
Mulgrave, Constautine J. P., Lord. Eng. arc. nav 1744 1792
Mulgrave, George A. C. P. English statesman .. 1819
Mulhall, -Michael G. English author 18.36 ...
Mullany, James Robert M. Am. naval officer 1818 1887
BORN
Mullany, Patrick Francis. Ir. edu. and writer... 1817
Mullen, Tobias. Irish K. C. bishop in American. 1818
Miiller, Charles Louis. French painter 1815
MiiUer, Eduard. German author 18CH
Miiller, Friedrich. Ger. comparative philologist. 1834
Muller, Friedrich Max. Ger.-Eng. Sanskrit schol 1823
MiiUer, George. English philanthropist 1805
Miiller, Gerhard Friedrich. Kussiau historian. . 1705
Muller, Hermann. German biologist 1829
Miiller, Jerome. Ger. scholar and writer 1785
Miiller, Johann. Ger. physiologist and anatomist 1801
Muller, Johann Heinrich Jakob. Ger. physicist. 1809
Miiller, Julius. Gerjnan theologian ' 1801
Miiller, Karl Ottfried. Ger. archaeologist 1797
Miiller, Nikolaus. Germau poet in America 1809
Miiller, Otto Frederik. Danish naturalist 1730
Muller, Sophie. German tragic actress 1803
Muller, Wilhelm. German poet 1794
Muller, von, Johann Gotthard. Ger. engraver... 1747
MiiUer, von, Johannes. Swiss historian 1752
MiiiiP'-, von Konigswlnter, Wolfgang. Ger. poet. 1816
Mullett, James. American jurist 1784
MuUlnger, James Bass. Eug. auth.. lect. on his.. 1834
Mullock, John T. Irish R. C. bishop and writer.. 1806
Muloany , Charles Pelham. Irish cl.. auth. in Can. 1835
Mnloch, Dinah Maria. Mm. Craik. Eng. auth 1826
Muloch. William. Canadian lawver, statesman.. 1813
Mulready, William. British painter 1786
Munch, I'eder Andreas. Norwegian historian 1810
Munchausen, von, Hier.K.F.. Baron. Ger. sold'r 1720
Munch-Bellinghausen, E. F. J.. Baron. Ger. dra 1806
Munck, Salomon. Semitic scholar, orientalist... 1807
Munde, Paul F. Saxon phys., inventor in Am 1846
Mundt, Klara. Ger. novelist, wife of Theodor 1814
Mundt, Theodor. German author 180S
Munecas, Ikiefonso de las. Bolivian patriot 1776
Munford, William. American author 1775
Munger, Theodore T. Am. clergyman and author 1830
Munk, Hans. Dauish navigator and author 1589
Munkaesy, Mikhail. Hungarian painter 1844
Munn, Cieorge F. American artist 1852
Munoz-Cabrera, Ramon. Bolivian journalist... 1819
Munoz-Gamero, Benjamin. Chilian naval ofBcer 1820
Munoz, Juan Eautista. Spanish historian 1745
Munro, Henry. Scottish-.-imerican clergyman. . . 1730
Munro, Hugh Andrew Johnstone. British scholar 1819
Munro, Peter Jay. American jurist 1767
Munroe, Charles Edward. American chemist.. .. 1849
Munroe, Nathan. Am. Cong, clergyman, author. 1804
Munsell, Joel. American printer and author 1808
Munson, .Eneas: Am. physian and educator 1734
Munson, James E. Am. phonographer, inventor 1835
Miintz, Eugine French art historian 1845
Munzinger, Werner. Swiss explorer 1832
Murad, See Amie.\th.
Murat, Joachim. French king of Naples 1771
Murat, Napoleon Achille. Fr. states. .auth. in Am 1801
Murat, Napoleon L. C. J. F. Italian diplomat 1803
Murat, Theodore. Fr. novelist and historian 1808
Muratori, Ludovico .\. Italian archaeologist 1672
MuraviefiKarski, Nikolai N. Russian general.. 3794
Murchison, Charles. British phys. and author... 1830
Murchison, Roderick I., Sir. British geologist. 1792
Murdoch, James Edward. Am. actor and elocu. 1811
Murdoch, William. Scotch author in Cauada 1823
Murdock, George. American statesman 1742
Murdock, James. Am. clergyman and translator 1776
Murdock, John Nelson. Am.cl and editor 1820
Murdock, William. Scottish patriot in Americs 1720
Mure. William. Scotch critic and scholar 1799
Muret, Marc .\ntoine. French humanist 1526
Murfree, Mary Noailles. American authoress — 1850
Murder, Henry. French novelist 1822
Murillo, Bartdlom^ Esteban. Spanish painter 1617
Murillo-Toro, Manuel Colombian statesman 1815
Murner, Thomas. German satirist , 1475
Murphey, -Archibald D. .American jurist 1777
Murhhy, -Arthur. Irish dramatist 1727
Murphy, Blanche E. M. A. N. Eng. author in Am 1850
Murphy, Edward. Irish reformer in Canada 1818
Murphy, Henry Cruise. American statesman. . .. 1810
Murphy, John. Am. governor and statesman 1786
Murphy, John. Irish publisher in America... .. 1812
Murphy, John Francis. Am. landscape painter.. 18.53
Murphy, John K. American general 1796
Murphy, John McLeod. Am. civil engineer 1827
Murphy, Robert. Irish mathematician 1806
Murphy, Thomas. Irish cl. and writer in Am 1823
Murray, .Alexander. American naval officer 1755
Murray, Alexander. Scottish philologist 1775
Murray, -Alexander. Scot, geologist, w"rinCan. 1811
Murray, David. American educator 18.30
Murray, Eli H. Am. soldier and governor 1844
Murray, Eustace C. Grenville. English author.. 1819
Murray, Hannah L. Am. translator and poetess. 1777
Murray, James. Scottish soldier gov. in Can — 1712
Murray, James A. H. English philologist 1837
Murray or Moray, James S. Earl of. Reg. of Scot 1531?
Murray, John. Scottish soldier in America 1731
1783
1883
1861
1858
1875
1878
1840
1876
1784
1830
1827
1830
1809
1873
1858
1869
1885
1863
1863
1797
1871
1867
1873
1861
1816
1825
1628
1869
1851
1799
1801
1SS5
1833
1866
1880
1826
1875
1815
1847
1878
1^
1750
1866
1879
1871
1887
1805
1856
i775
1860
1585
im.
1682
1880
1537
1832
1805
1881
1882
1841
1880
1876
1871
1843
1821
1813
1885
1881
1836
1794
1570
1798
1780
M U R R A Y — N E H L I G
BOEN
Murray, John. Founder of Uuiversalism in Am 1T41
Murray, Johu. Irish clcrs. and iiatiiot in Am... . 1742
Murray, John C. Scottish c-ducator iu Canada. . 1836
Murray, Johu O'K. Iriah historian in America.. 1»17
Murray, Judith Sargent. American authoress... 1751
Murray, Lindloy. American grammarian 1745
Murray, Nicholas. Irish clergyman, author 1802
Murray, Robert. American surgeou 1S22
Murray, William Henry H. Am. clergyman 1840
Murray, William Vans. American diplomat 1762
Murska, de, lima. Austrian singer 1S43?
Musaus, Johann Karl August. German writer. . 173o
Musculus, Wolfgang. German reformer 14a7
Musgrave, Anthony, Sir. Gov. of Newfoundland 1828
Musgrave, George Washington. Am. clergyman. 1804
Musgrave, Thomas. Sir. English soldier 1738
Mushet, David. Scottish metallurgist 1772
Muspratt, James Sheridan. Irish chemist, phys. 1821
Musschenbroek, van, Pieter. Dutch math. 1692
Musset, de, Louis Charles Alfred. French poet.. 1810
Mussey, Reuben Dimond. American surgeon — 1780
Mussey, William Heberdon. Am. surg. andben. . 1818
Mustapna, Fazyl Pash. Turkish statesman 1830
Mustapha I. Sultan of Turkey 1591
Mustapha II. Sultan of Turkey 1664
Mustapha III. Sultan of Turkey 1/17
Mustapha IV. Sultan of Turkey ■_^
Mutis, Jose Calestino. Spanish botanist Ii32
Mutter, Thomas Dent. Am. phys. and author. .. . 1811
Muziano, Girolamo. Italian painter lo28
Muzzey, Artemas Bowers. Am. clergyman, author 1802
Myer, Albert J. Am. chief signal officer 182S
Myers, Peter Hamilton. American author 1812
Myers, Sarah Ann. Am. educator and authoress. 1800
Myles, John. Welsh clergvman in America 1621
Myles, Samuel. American P. E. clergyman 1664
Mytens, Daniel. The Elder. Du. painter in Eng. 1590
DIED
1815
1793
i88o
1.820
1826
1861
1787
1563
i882
1812
1847
1871
1761
1857
1866
1875
1623
1703
1774
1808
1808
1859
1592
isso
1873
1878
1683
1728
1656?
N
Naar, David. West Indian journalist 1800 1880
Nabls. Tyrant of Sparta B.C. 192
Nachman", Moses Ben. Spanish rabbi 1194 —
Nachtigal, Gustav. German traveler in Africa. . 1834 18.S5
Nack, James. American poet 1809 1879
Naclantus, James. Italian theologian 1869
Nadab. King of Israel B.C. 9o3
Nadaillac, de, Jcau F. A. du P., Marq. Fr. arch.. 1818
Nadal, Bernard Harrison. Am. M. E. clergyman. 1812
Nadal, Ehrman Svine. .\nierlcau author 1843
Nadesndin, Nicolai Ivanovitch. Russian author. 1804
Nadir Shah or Nadir Kuli Khan. Kiug of Persia 1687
Nsevius, Cneius. Roman poet B.C. 274
Nageli, von, Karl Wilhelm. German botanist... 1817
Nagot, Francis C. Fr. Jesuit and author in Am. . 1734
Nagy Sander, Joseph. Hungarian general 1S04
Nafil, John Augustus. Prussian sculptor 1710
Nahum. Hebrew prophet n. seventh c
Nairn, W'illiam Murray.. Lord. Scottish Jacobite 16o7
Nalrne, Carolina O., Baroness. Scottish poetess. 1760
Nairne, Charles Murray. Scot, educator in Am.. 1808
Nakahama, Manjero. Jap. navi. and interpreter. 1824
Nakhimoff, Xicolavitch. Russian poet 1782
Naldi, S(.liastian. Italian singer 1819
Nana Sahib. Dlntmloo I'nnt. Leader Sepoy mutiny 1821 1859?
Nancrede, Joseph G. Am. physician and writer. 1793 1857
Nanek "I- Nanuk. Founder of the Sikh Sect 1469 1539
Nani, John Baptist. Venetian statesman 1616 1678
Nannl or Nannius, Peter. Dutch critic and philol 1500 1557
Nannini, .\gnolo. Italian, writer 1493
Nansen, Fr'idtjof. Norwegian natur., explorer... 1861
Nantel, Antonin. Can. R. C. clergyman, writer.. 1839
Nantel, Guillaume A. Can. statesman, editor 1852
1870
1856
1747
202?
1816
1849
1781
. B.C.
1725
1845
1882
isi-i
Nanteuil, Robert. Fr. painter and engraver 1623
Napier, Charles., Sir. British admirnl 1786
Napier, Charles James, Sir. British general.... 1782
Napier, Henry Edward. Eng. nay. ofli., author. . 1789
Napier, John, Laird of M. Scot. inv. of logarith.. 1550
Napier, Macvey. Editor of &((n()ur(;/< Hcvicn' — 1776
Napier, Robert. Scottish eng. and shipbuilder. . 1791
Napier, William F. P.. Sir. Brit. geu. and author 1785
Napier of Magdala, Robert C.N. , Baron. Br. gen 1810
Napoleon Bonaparte. See Bonaparte, Napoleon.
Napoleon III. Charles L. N. B, Emp. of France. . 1808
Naquet, .\lfred J. Fr. chemist and politician — 1834
Narbonne, Charles Henry. Canadian buccaneer. 1627
Narbonne, Peter Remi. Canadian insurgent 1806
Narbonne-Lara, Louis, Count of. Fr. statesman 1756
Narborough, John.. Sir. Eucclish navigator 1637
Nardi, James. Italian historian 1476
Nares, Edmund., Rev. Professor at Oxford 1762
Nares, George Strong, Sir. Eng. mar., explorer. 1831
Nares, James. English musical composer 1715
Nares, Robert. Eiig. critic and theologian 1753
Narino, Antonio. Colombian patriot 1765
Narjoux, Filix. French architect 18.35
Narses. Byzantine general and statesman 473?
Naruszevitch, Adam Stanislaiv. Pol. hist., poet. 1733 1796
1678
1860
1853
1853
1617
1847
1876
1860
1890
1873
iesi
1839
1813
168S'
15.56?
1»41
i783
1829
1823
"568
BORN DIKD
Narvaez, de, Pamfilo. Spanish warrior in Am. 1470? 1529
Narvaez, de, Ramon Maria. Spanish statesman. 1800 1868
Nasby, Petroleum V. See Locke. David Ross.
Nascner, Friedrich Wllhelm. Eng. nat., author. 1702 1764
Nash, Abner. .im. statesman and governor 1716 1786
Nash, Daniel, .\merican P. E. clergyman 1763 1836
Nash, Frederick. American jurist 1781 1858
Nash, Richard. English fop and gambler 1674 1761
Nash, Simeon. Am. jurist and author 1804 1879
Nash, Stephen Pavne. American lawyer 1821
Nash, Thomas. E'nglish dramatist 1564 1600
Nash, Thomas. Eng. miscellaneous writer 1648
Nash, Treadway Russell. Dr. Eup. hl^lorian 1726 1811
Nasimben, Ped"ro. Venetian Jesuit and author.. 1703 1755
Nasini, Joseph Nicholas. Itfiliau hist, painter... 1660? 1736
Naslr Khosroo. Persian poet 1004 1088
Nasmith, David. Scotch philanthropist 1799 1839
Nasmith, James, D. D. Diviue and antiquary 1740 1808
Nasmyth, Alexander. Scottish painter 1758 1840
Nasmyth, James. British inventor 1808 1890
Nasmjrth, Peter. British landscape painter 1786 1831
Nason, Elias. American Cong'l cl. and author .. 1»11 1887
Nason, Henry Bradford. Am. chemist and writer 1831
Nasr-ed-Din. Shah of Persia 1829 —
Nassau, Maurice of. Prince of Grange 1567 1625
Nast, Thomas. German- American caricaturist... 18-JO —
Nast, William. German M. E. cl. and author 1807
Natails, Michael, of Liege. Engraver 1609? 1670
Nattier, John Mark. French artist 1685 1766
Nattier, Lawrence. Eng. of Intagolis at Petersb 1703
Natwldade, da, Jose. Brazilian R. C. cl., w'r...l669 1715
Nau, Jacques Jean D. French buccaneer 1634 1671
Naubert, Christiane B. E. German authoress — 1756 1819
Naudaln, .\rnold. Am. physician and statesm'n 1790 1872
Naude 'ir Naudseus, Gabriel. French writer. . 1600 1653
Naude, Philip. French mathematician at Berlin 1654 1729
Naudet, Joseph. French historian 1786 1878
Naudet, Thomas C. French landscape painter... 1774 1810
Naumann, Johann G. German composer 1741 1801
Naumann, Jihn F. German ornithologist 1780 1857
Naumann, John T. Germane mposer 1741 1801
Naumann, Karl F. German mineralogist 1797 1873
Nauntan, Robert., Sir. English statesman 1563 1635
Navagero 01- Naugerius, Andrew. It. oral., poet 1483 1529
Nav.agero, Bernard. Cardinal Venetian, states'n 1507 1565
Navailles, Charles. French pilot 1270 1330
Navarrete, Domingo F. Sp. K. C. hp.. author. ... 1610 16S»
Navarrete, de, John F. X. Spanish painter 1524? 1577
Navarrete, de, Manuel Maria. Mexican poet — 1768 1809
Navarrete, de, Martin F. Spanish historian — 1765 1844
Navarro y Prado, Antonio. Sp. naval officer 1527 1598
Navez, FrauvoisJoseph. Belgian painter 1787 1869
Naville, Jules Ernst. Swiss philosopher 1816 .^
Nawawee .\rabian author 1233 1277
Nazrez, Willis. Canadian M. E. bishop 1820 1875
Nead, Benjamin Matthias, .\nierican author 1847 ....
Neagle, John. American portrait painter 1796 1865
Neal, Daniel. English Puritan historian 1678 1/43
Neal, David Dollofr. American artist 1837
Neal, John. Am. poet and miscellaneous writer. 1793 1876
Neal, Joseph Clay. American humorist 1807 1817
Neale John Mason. English diviue and author. . 1818 1866
Neale' Leonard. American R.C. archbishop 1746 1817
Neale, Rollin Heber. Am. Baptist clergyman, .. 1808 1879
Neander August. Ger. ecclesiastical historian.. 1/89 I8o0
Neander, Christopher Frederick. German poet. 1724 1802
Neander Michael. Ger. phvs. and mathematician 1529 1581
Neander, Mschael, of Ilfel'dt - 1525 1595
Nearchus. Greek admiraL ■ .- ■ ■ . ■/<"!!;''' <^-?^
Nebinger, Andrew. Am. physician and writer... 1819 1886
Nebinger, George W. Am. phys. and statesman. 1824 1868
Nebinger, Robert. Am. phys. and pharmacist. .. 1828 1888
Nebrissensis, Antonius. Spanish scholar 1444 lo-2
Nebuchadnezzar. Chaldean king of Babylon. . . . -b.c 561
Neck, van, John. Dutch painter 1635 1714
Neckar, Professor. Swiss naturalist m Skye .... i»w
Necker, Jacques. French financier..^ 1732 1804
Necker, Noel Joseph. Dutch botanist _....... 1729 1/98
Neckere, de.LeoR. Belg. R. C.bp.,edii.inAm 1800 1833
Neckham, -Alexander. Eng. abbot, scholar, poet. ^^. 1227
Necochea, Eugenio, Chilian soldier statesman.. Iff 1867
Nee, Isidore Charles S. West Indian botanist... . 1^84 1837
Needham, John Turberville R. C. divine, nat . 1-.3 1781
Needham .»■ Nedham, Marchamont. Polit. writer 1020 1678
Neef or Neefs, Peter. Dutch ptr. of architecture . 15,0 1651
Neele Henrv. Poet and miscellaneous writer.... 1/98 1828
Neely, HenrV Adams. American P. E. bishop.^ .. 1830 ..
Neer, van der, Arnold. Dutch landscape painter Ibia 1683
Neer von der, Eglon H. Hist., portrait painter. ibH 1/03
Neercassel, de, John. I>»t9li bishop. . ..^. --.... 1626 1686
Nees von Esenbeck, Christian G. Ger. botanist. 1^76 1858
Neff, Felix. Swiss pastor ■■„.;„„■• A'Sl
Negley, James S. American soldier, statesman. . 182fa ....
Negrelros.de, Andre V. Brazilian patriot -■■■ 1681
Negrelli, von, Aloys. Austrian engineer. 1.99 IKS
Negrier, Jules Cesar A. Fr. miss, and writer. . lol6 15/1
Nehemiah. Governor of Judea i-n"! ilS
Neher, Michel. German painter 1/J8 i»/o
Nehlig, Victor. French artist in America li»o . ..
NEILL — NICEPHORUS
1781
BORN DIED
Keill, Edward D. American clergyman, historian ]8"Jo ....
Nelll, John. American i.hysiciau and author. . .1819 1880
Neill, Thomas Hewson. H'luu Neill. Am. sold'r.. 1.S26 1885
Neill, Williiiin. .\m. Presby. cl. and editor 1778 I860
Neilson, .Tohn. American soldier and statesman. 1746 1833
Neilson, John. Scot, journalist, states'n in Can. 177G 1848
Neilson, Liliau Adelaide. English actress 1860 1880
Neilson, ^Villium G. Am. metallurgical engineer 1842 ....
Neilson, William Hude. Am. brolier, reformer.. . 1816 1887
Neisser, tieorge. Moravian clergyman 1716 1784
Nekrassofl', Nicolai A. Kuss. poet and Nihilist. .. 1821 1877
N^laton, .^ususte. French surgeon 1,S07 1873
Nelaton, Hfctor M. L. S. Am. explorer, writer... 1775 1827
Neledinski-Meietzki, Yourgi or George. Rus.w'rl752 1829
Neligan, William. Irish R. (J. cl.,edu. in Am 1880
Nell, William Cooper. American author 1816 1874
Neller, George Christopher. Ger. archteologist.. 1709 1783
Neiles, Samuel S. Canadian educator, author.. .. 1823 1887
Nelson, Charles A. .\m. educator and author... . 1839 ....
Nelson, Charles Eugene. Can. physician, author. 1837 ....
Nelson, Daniel Thurber. Am. phys. and inventor 1839 ...
Nelson, David. Am. Pres. clergyman 1793 1844
Nelson, Henry Addison. Am. Pres. clergyman.. . 1820 ...
Nelson, Horatio. Lord. Eng. admiral 1758 1805
Nelson, Hugh. Am. statesman and diplomat.. .1768 1836
Nelson, Hugh. Irish statesman in Canada 1830 ....
Nelson, John. American patriot .1660 1721
Nelson, John. .\m. lawyer and statesman 1791 1860
Nelson, Rensselaer Russell. American jurist.... 1826 ....
Nelson, Robert. Euglish writer :... 16.56 1715
Nelson, Robert. American educator and patriot. 1743 1818
Nelson, Roliert. Can. surgeon and insurgent 1794 1873
Nelson, Roger. American soldier and statesman. 1735 1815
Nelson, Samuel. American jurist 1892 1873
Nelson, Samuel Kelsey. Am. Presby. clergyman. 1787 1827
Nelson, Thomas. Scotch merchant in American. 1677 1745
Nelson, Thomas, .\merican statesman 17;^ 1789
Nelson, Thomas .\mos R. .\m. states, and jurist. 1S12 1873
Nelson, Thomas Henry. .\m. law. and diplomat. 1824 ....
NelsOD "William. American statesman 1711 1772
Nelson, William. Americau lawyer and patriot . 1760 1813
Nelson, Wolfred. Canadian phvs. and insurgent. 1792 1S63
Nemesianus, Marcus Aurelius 0. Latin poet ... fl. 2.83
Nemesius. Bishop of Emesa. Philosopher ... fl. 400?
Nemours, de, Louis Chas. P. R. d'O. Fr. prince.. 1814 . .
Nemours, de, Mary de Longueville, Duchess 1625 1707
Nenguire, Nicolao. Paraguayan magistrate 1720 1773
Nennius. Abbot of Bangor. Historian fl. 620?
Neper or Napier. luv. of logarithms. See Xapier 1550 1617
Nepomuk, Saint John. Patron saint of Bohemia. 1320 1383
Nepos, Cornelius. Roman historian ^rs( c. B.C.
Nepos, Flavius Jiilius. Emperor of the West 480
Neraz, Jean Claude. French R. C. bishop 1829 . ..
Nerl, de, Filippo. Saint. Italian priest 1515 1595
Keri, Pompeio. Italian political economist 1707 1776
Kerinckx, Charles. Belgian R.C. clergvman 1761 1824
Kerli, Philip. Italian historian 1485 1556
Nero, Lucius Domitius. Roman emperor 37 68
Keruda, Jean. Bohemian writer 1834 .. .
Neruda, Wilhelmine. Austrian lady violinist 1840 ....
Nerva, Marcus Cocceius. Roman emperor 37 98
Nesbit, -Alexander. Scottish antiquary 1672 1725
Nesbitt, John M. Irish merch., financier in Am.. 1728 1802
Nesle, — de. Fr. poetical and prose writer 1767
Nesmith, James W. Can. jurist, states, in Am... 1.S20 1.885
Nesmith, John. Am. manuf.. inv. and states .. 1793 1869
Nesmond, de, Georges H E. Flem. explor. anth. 1793 1852
Nesmond, Louis Francois. W.Ind. administrator 1779 1827
Nesse, Christopher. Nonconformist divine. 1621 1705
Nesselrode, von, Karl R. Count. Russ. diplomat 17.80 1862
Nestor. Earliest Russian chronicler 1056? 1116?
Nestorius. Syrian bishop 440?
NetscUer, Kaspar. German painter 1639 1684
Netscher, Theodore, son. Painter 1661 1732
Netter, Thomas. Eng. Carmelite. Theologian .. 1367? 1430
Nettlebladt, de. Christian, Baron. Swcd. writer 1696 1776
Nettlebladt, Daniel. German jurist 1719 1791
Hettleship, Henry. English classical scholar 1839
Nettleton, .Vsahel ,\meriean divine 1783 1844
Netzahualcoyotl Kingof Acolhuacan 1403 1470
NetzahualplUi. Kingof Texcoco 1462 1516
Neubauer, Ernest Fred. Ger. theol., antiquarian ]fi41? 1684
Keuendorff, Adolph H. A.M. Ger. mus.inAm... 1843
Neubof, Theodor S., Baron. Ger. adventurer 1686 1756
Heukircli, Benjamin. German poet 1665 1729
Neukomm, von, Sigisrannd, Chev. Ger. compos. 1778 1858
Neumann, Caspar. German chemist 1682 17.37
Neumann. John George. Ger. Lutheran divine.. 1661 1709
Neumann, John N. Bohem. R. C. bishop in Am., isil 1860
Neumann, Joseph. Belgian Jesuit in America... 1647 1732
Neumann, Karl Friedrieh. Ger. orientalist 1793? 1870
Neumann, Karl Gottfried. Ger. mathematician.. 1842
Heuville, de, Alphonse Marie. French painter. . 18.36 1885
Neuville, de la. Chevalier. French soldier in Am. 1740 1800
Neuville, Jean Nicolas. French geog., author 1741 1825
Neu-voied, Alex. M. Prince of. Ger. nat. scientist 1782 1867
Nevada. EmmaKixom. jVmerican singer 1860 ...
Neve, Fflix Jean Baptiste J. Belgian orientalist. 1816 . .
Nevile, Alexander. English poet 1544 1614
BORN
Nevlle, Henry. English writer 1620
Nevile, Thomas. Dean of Canterbury
Neville, John. Am. soldier and statesman 1731
Neville, Morgan. American author and editor.. 1786
Neville, Presley. Am. soldier and statesman.. . 1756
Nevin, .Alfred. American clergyman and author. 1816
Nevin, Blanche, .\merican sculptress 1841
Nevm, David K, B. Am. lawyer and journalist. . . 1828
Nevln, Kdwin Henry. Am. clergyman and author 1814
Nevin, Jolm Williamson. American theologian. . 1803
Nevln, Roliert J. Am. P. E. clergyiium and soldier 1839
Nevin, William C. Am. journalist and author. .. 1844
Nevin, William W. American soldier and editor 1836
Nevlns, \Nilliam. Am. Presby. ci. and write^. . . 1797
New, Anthony, .\merican statesman 1747
New, John Chalfant. Am. financier and journalist 18^^1
Newberry, John htrong. American geologist i.s22
Newberry, Johns. Am. lawyer and philanthropist 1826
Newberry, Oiiver. Americunsteamboat builder. 17.s9
Newberry, U'alter Loomis. Am. merch., philan. 1804
Newburgh, William of. Historian 1136
Newcastle, Henry P. C. Duke of. Statesman 1785
Newcastle, Henry P. C, Duke of. Eng. states'n.. 1811
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, Thomas H. P.. Duke of. Eng. states'n 1693
Newcastle, Thomas P., Duke of. Eng. soldier 1752
Newcastle, William C. Duke of. Eng. general... 1592
Newcomb, Harvey. Am. clergyman and writer.. 1803
Newcomb, Simon. Anierican astronomer . . 1835
Newcome, Henry. Rev. Eng. divine and author ....
Newcome, Peter, Rev. Eng. divine and author... 1656
Newcome, William. Archbishop of Armagh 1729
Newcomen, Matthew. Eng. nonconform't divine ...
Newcomen, Thomas. English inventor fl.
Newdigate, Roger, Sir. Fd'rof Prize at Oxford. 1719
Newell, Harriet .\twood .\m. missionary 1793
Newell, Hugh. Irish artist and educator in Am. 1830
Newell, McFadden A. Ir. edu. and anth. in .\m. . 1824
Newell, Robert H., Rev. Eng. ed'r of Goldsmith 1780
Newell, Robert H. Orphevx C Krrr. Am. author 1886
Newell, Samuel. American missionary 1785
Newell, William Augustus. Am. phys'.. states'n. 1819
Newland, Peter. Dutch mathematician 1764
Newman, Daniel. Am. soldier and statesman — 1780
Newman, Francis. English statesman
Newman, Francis William. English author 1805
Newman, Heury R. American artist 1833
Newman, John, Rev. English translator
Newman, John H.. Cardinal. Eng. theol. author 1801
Newman, John P. Am. M. E. bishop and author. 1826
Newman, SamueL Eng. clergman and author... 1602
Newman, Samuel Phillips. .\m. educator author 1796
Newman, Wm..D. D. Ehg. Baptist minister 1772
Newman, William H. Am. surgeon and inventor 1820
Newport, Chr. Com. exi>. to settle Va 1565? njt
Newport, George. English naturalist 1803
Newsam, Albert, .\merican artist 1809
Newsham, Joseph P. Eng. lawyer, editor in Am. 1837
Newton, -inn Mary, Mrs. Euglish artist 1833
Newton, Charles'T. English archaeologist 1816
Newton, (Gilbert S. Nova Scotian artist In Eng. . 1797
Newton, Henry, LL.D. Eng. dip. and Latin poet. . . .
Newton, Henry, .\merican mining engineer 1845
Newton, Hube'r Anson. American astronomer.. . 1830
Newton, Isaac, Sir. English philos. and math. . . 1642
Newton, Isaac, .\merican naval architect 1794
Newton, Isaac, Jr. American civil engineer 1837
Newton, Isaac. Am. Commisslonerof agriculture 1800
Newton, John, D.D. Eng. math, and divine 1622
Newton, John, Rev. English author 17'25
Newton, John. .American military engineer 1.S23
Newton, John Thomas. American naval officer. . 1793
Newton, Reginald Heber. Am. cl. and author 1840
Newton, Richard. Canon of Christ ch.. Oxford. . 1676?
Newton, Richard. Eng. P. E. cl. and auth. in Am 1813
Newton, Robert. D. D. Scottish clergyman 1780
Newton, Robert Crittenden. Am. lawyer, soldier 1840
Newton, Robert Safford. Am. surg. and editor. . 1818
Newton, Robert Safford. Am. phys. and editor. . 1855
Newton, Roger. American jurist 1685
Newton, Thomas. Eng. divine and Latin poet
Newton, Thomas. Eng. lawyer in .American 1661
Newton, Thomas. Bishop of Bristol 1704
Newton, William. English historian
Newton, William Wilherforce. Anierican P. E. cl 1843
Ney, Joseph Napoleon. Prince of the Moskva — 1803
Ney, Michel. Duke of Elchingen. Marshal of Fr. . 1769
Neyra, Domingo. Spanish-.\mericnu cl. and edu 1689
Nibby, Anthonv. Roman archseologist 1792
NiblO, William. Irish philanthropist in Am 1789
Niboyer, Baudoin S. Am. sold . states'n, author 1779
Nicaise, Claude. French scholar ... 1623
Nicander. Greek poet and grammarian — i.sicondc.
Nieander, Karl August. Swedish poet ; executed 1799
Nlccoli, Niccolo. Florentine restoJer of learning 1863
Niccolinl, Giovanni Battista. Italian poet 1785
Niccolo da Pisa. Italian scnlptorand architect.. 1206
Nicephorus. Patriarch of Constantinople 758
Nicephorus I. Emp. of the East (802-11). iosroWf fa ....
DIEB
1694
1615
1803
1839
1818
1835
18.33
1887
1860
1868
1208
1851
1864
1673
1768
1795
1676
1863
1713
1738
1800
1766
1700
1896
1812
1852
i82i
1794
1851
1660
1719
1890
i663
1842
1835
1883
1610
1854
1864
1866
ii35
1715
1877
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1858
1884
1867
1678
1807,
i887
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1887
1854
1887
1881
1771
1607
1721
1782
1744
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1815
1848
1839
1875
1834
1701
B.C.
1839
1437
1861
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828
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NICEPHORUS— NOLDIUS
BORN DIED
Nloepliorus II. Byzantine emp. (963-69). Phocas. 912? 969
Nicehliorus III. Byzant. emp. (1078-81). -Bofayiiiiffs o/(. lOSl
Nicephorus Callistus. Monk of C'oustantinople. fl 14.50?
Niceptiorus Gregoras. Byzantine historian 1295? 1369?
Nic^ron, Jean Pierre. French biographer lUSo 1738
Nicetas, Acominatus. Byzantine historian 1216?
Nichol, John. English author 1833
HlcllGl, John P., LL.D. Prof.ofastron. at Glasgow 1804 1859
Nicliolas I. Emperor of Russia 1796 1855
Nicholas I. Pope. The Great and Saint 800? 867
Nicholas II. Pope (1058-61) Gerard 1061
Nicholas III. Pope (1277-80.) John Cajetan 1280
Nicholas IV. Pope (1288-92.) Jerome of, Ascoli 1292
Nicholas V. Pope, luinmaso Pareniucelli 1398 1455
Nicholas, George. Am. statesman and soldier 1755 1799
Nicholas, John. American jurist 1761 1819
Nicholas, Philip N. Am. jurist and editor 1773 1849
Nicholas, Robert Carter. American statesman. 1715 1780
Nicholas, Robert Carter. Am. states., diplomat.. 1793 1857
Nicholas, Saint. Bishop. Guardian of children .... 340?
Nicholas, Samuel Smith. American jurist 1796 1869
Nicholas, Wilson Cary. American statesman 1757 1820
Nicholls, Francis Tillon. Am. law., statesman... . 1834
NichoUs, Frank, M.D. English medical writer. .. 1G99 1778
Nicholls, George., Sir. English publicist 1780 1865
Nicholls, William. English divine 1664 1712?
Nichols, Charles Henry. Am. edu. and physician 1820
Nichols, Clarinda H. Am.journ.and reformer.. 1810 1885
Nichols, Edward Tatnall. Am. naval officer 1823 1886
Nichols, Edward W. American painter 1820 1371
Nichols, George. Am. editor and proof reader... 1809 1882
Nichols, George W. Am. art and musical writer. 1837 1885
Nichols, Ichabod. Am. clergyman and atithor. . . 1784 1859
Nichols, James. English printer and writer 1861
Nichols, James R. American chemist and writer 1819 1888
Nichols, John. English editor and publisher 1745 1826
Nichols, John B. Eng. printer and archasologist. 1807? 1863
Nichols, John Gough. English MUtiquary 1806 1873
Nichols, William Ripley. Americtin chemist 1847 1886
Nichols, Mary Sargeant G. Am. lecturer, writer. ISIO ...
Nichols, Moses. Am. physician and soldier 1759 1790
Nichols, Rebecca S. R. Am. editress, authoress . I.S20 . ..
Nicholson, Alfredo. P. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1808 1876
Nicholson, Francis., Sir. Eng. statesman in Am. 1728
Nicholson, Henry AUeyne. English scientist 1844
Nicholson, James. American naval oflicer 1737 1804
Nicholson, James B. .\m. bookbinder, lecturer.. 1820 .
Nicholson, James William A. .-im. naval officer.. 1821 1887
Nicholson, John. English dramatic writer 1822
Nicholson, John. Eng. hrig.-gen.; fell at Delhi.. 1822 1857
Nicholson, John B. American naval officer 1783 1846
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper. American jurist 1770 1817
Nicholson, Samuel. American naval officer 1743 1813
Nicholson, William. Eng. chemist and nat. phil. 1758 1815
Nicholson, Wm. Carmichael. Am. naval officer. . 1800 1872
Nicholson, William Rufus.-\m. Ref. Epis. el., auth 1S22 ....
Nicias. Athenian general in Sicily — B.C. 413
Nicias. Athenian painter fl. B.C. 320
Nickerson, Frank stillman. .American soildier.. 1826
Nlcklin, Philip Holbrook. American author 1786 1842
Nlcol, William. Scottish physicist 17C8? 1851
Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich. German author... 1733 1811
Nicolai, John, of Paris. Theo.; editor of Aquinas 1594? 1673
Nicolai, Karl Otto Ehrenfried. Ger. composer.. . 1810 1S49
Nicolas, Nicholas Harris. Sir. Eng. antiquary. . 1799 1848
Nicolas of Cusa. Bishop of Brixen. Theologian. 1401 1454
Nicolas of Lyra. Biblical commentator 1340
Nicolaus Myrepsus- Greek medical writer fl. 1240-80?
Nicolay, John G. Bavarian editor and diplomat. 1832
Nicolay, Lonis Henry.. Baron. German poet 17.37 1820
Nicole, Claude. French poet 1611 1685
Nicole, Francis. French mathematician 1683 1758
Nicole, Francois Leon Etienne. Haytian poet 1731 1773
Nicole, Peter. Jansenist of Port Royal 1625 1695
Nicole, Pierre. French novelist 1625 1695
NicoU, Robert. Scottish poet. Ed. Leeds Times. 1814 1837
Nicollet, Jean Nicholas. Fr. astrou. and geol 1786 1843
NicoUini, John Baptist Italian sculptor 1782 1861
Nicolls, Richard, Col. First Eng. gov. of N. Y... 1024 1072
NicoIIs, Mathias. English jurist in America 16.30 1687
Nicolls, William. English jurist in America 1057 1723
Nicolls, William. English lawyer and statesman 1702 1768
Nicolls, William. English lawver and statesman 1715 1780
Nicolo del Abbate. Italian painter 1512 1572
Nicolo Isouard. French dramatic writer 1777 1818
Nicolosio, John Baptist. Sicilian geographer 1610 1670
Nicolson, Samuel. American inventor 1791 1868
Nicolson, William. Archb.of Casbel. Antiquary 1655 1727
Nicomedes I. King of Bithvcia. Fd. Nicomedia. B.C. 250?
Nicomedes II. K.Bithvnia(B.c. 149-91.) £;)('))//«7^fS B.C. 91
Nicomedes III. K. Bitl>vnia(B.c. 91-74.) P/ij'(opo(or b.c. 74
Nicon or Nikon. Patriarch of Russia. Historian 1G05 1681
Nicot, John. Fr. statesman. Introduced tobacco 1.530 1600
Nicaesa, Diego de. Spanish adventurer 1464 1511
Nicum, John." German Luth. clergvman in Am. . 1851 ...
Nidhard, John E., Cardinal. Spanish statesman 160S 1K.S1
Niebuhr, Barthold George. German historian:. . 1776 1,S31
Niebuhr, Carsten. Traveler and biographer 1733 1851
NiebTair, Sigismund. Ger. navigator and writer. 1631 1699
BOKN DIEB
Niel, Adolphe. Mar'l of France, minister of war. 1802 1869
Niel, Frederic G. -\. F. West Ind. geographer... 1729 1791
Niemcewioz, Julian Ursiu. Polish auUior 1757 1S41
Niemeyer, August H. Ger. relig.. educa. writer. 1754 1828
Niemeyer, de, Conrado Jacob. Braz. engineer... 1788 1862
Niemeyer, John H. German artist in A'merica.. 1839
Niepce, Joseph Nicephore. French chemist 1765 1833
Niepce de Saint-Victor, Claude F. A. Fr. chem. 1805 1870
Nieremberg, John Eusebius. Spauish Jesuit 1590 1C58
Nieritz, Karl Ciustav. German writer 1795 1876
Nieto, Jose .\. Mexican naturalist ISIO 1873
Nienlandt, van der. William. Dutch painter.... 1584 1635
Nieuport, Charles Francis F. Dutch math 1746 1827
Nieuwentyt, Bernardus. Dutch philosopher 1654 1718
Nieuwhof, Johanu J. Ger. uav. and anther.. . . 1610 1672
Nieuwla.nd, Peter. Dutch poet. philoso|.hcr. .. 1764 1794
l*ifo or Mphus, Augusiinus. Italian philosopher 1473? 1538
Niger, Ptscenuius. Pret'r to Rom. Emp. (193-94) 194
Nightingale, Florence. English philanthropist. 1820
Nightingale, Joseph. Unitarian minister, writer 1775 ls24
Nikitine, Barbe Gendre. Russian author 1842 1884
Nikon. Russian patriarch. Theologian 1605 1681
Niles, Hezekiah. American journalist 1777 1S3S
Niles, John Milton. Am. jurist and P. M. general 1787 1856
Niles, Nathaniel. Am. cl.. jurist and writer 1741 1828
Niles, Nathaniel. American lawyer 18S5 ....
Niles, Samuel. Am. clergyman and author 1674 1762
Niles, Samuel. American jurist 1711 1804
Niles, Samuel. --Vmericau Cong, clergvman 1744 1814
NUes, William Woodruff. Am. P. E. bp.. editor.. 1832
Nilsson, Christine. Mmr, lli}n::aud Swed. singer 1843
Nilsson, Sven. Swedish naturalist 1787 188S
Ninde, William Xavier. Am. M. E. bishop 1832
Nindemann, William F. C. Ger. explorer, writer 1850
Nino, Andres. Spanish navigator 1475 153?
Nino Pedro AIouso. The Xegro. Span, traveler . 1468 ISOi
Niplier, Francis Eugene. Am. physicist, author. 1M7
Nippold, Friedrich Wilhelm Franz. Ger. hist 1838
Nisard, Jean M. N. Desire. French author 1606 1888
Nisbet, or Nesbitt, Alexander. Ene. antiquary.. 1672 172S
Nisbet, Charles. Scot, cl., edu. and writer 1736 1801
Nisbet, Engenius Aristides. Am. jurist, states'n. 1803 1871
Nithard, Count of Ponthieu. Historian 790? S09f
Nlthisdale, Wm.M.. Fifth E. of. Scot. Jacobite... 1702 1744
Niischniann, David. Moravian bishop in Am 1696 1772
Nitschmann, John. Moravian bishop 1703 1772
Nitzsch, Friedrich August Berthold. Ger. divine l.'-32
Nitzsch, Gregor Wilhelm. Ger. philol., author.. . 1790 1801
Nitzsch, Karl Immanuel. German divine 1787 1868
Nitzsch, Karl Ludwig. Father of G.W. Ger. theol 1751 183t
Nitzsch, Karl Wilhelm. German historian 1818
Nivelle de la Chaussee, Peter Claude Dramatist 1602 1754
Nivert, Desire A. C. Fr. miss, and author in Can 1605 1661
Nixon, John. Divine, poet, and nat. philosopher 177T
Nixon, John Thompson. American jurist 1820 ...
Niza, de,.JIorcos. Italian missionary writer 1548
Niza, de, Tadeo. Mex. missionarv and historian 1500 1561
NizamalMulk. Persian gen. and" statesman 1648? 1748
Nizamee. Persian poet 1141 1208
Nizami or Nidhami Persian poet 1188
Noah, Mordecai Manuel. Am.-Jewish author 17.*^5 1851
NoaUIes, de, Adrien M.. Due. Mr. of Fr., states.. 1678 I76«
Noailles, de, Francis. Ambass. in Eng., 15.56 1.519 158*
Noailles, de, Louis Anth. Card. Aim. of Paris... 1651 1728
Noailles, de, Lonis M., Viscount. Fr. statesman 1756 1804
NobiIi,John. Italian Jesuit in America 1812 ]85«
Nobili, Leopoldo. Italian physicist 1784 1834
Noble, --^nette Lucile. American authoress 1844 —
Noble, Anguste Emile. French explorer 1771 1S2T
Noble, Edward. Eng. hydrographer and writer 1784
Noble, James. American senator - 1790 1834
Noble, John Willock. Am. Inwver and statesman 1831 . ..
Noble, Lonis Legrand. Am. P. E. cl. and author .. 1813 1888
Noble, Mark., Rev. Eng. historian, antiquary 182T
Noble, Matthew. English sculptor 1820 187S
Noble, Patrick. Am. lawyer and governor 1787 1848
Noble, Samuel. Clergym'an and author 1779 1858
Noble, Thomas. Journalist. no\elist, poet 183T
Noboa, Diego. S. Anicrieau statesman 1789 1878
Noboa, de, Manuel Vasquy. Chilian statesman.. 1783 1858
Nobrega, de, Manoel. Port. Jesuit and writer... 1617 1578
Noda, Traiiquilino. Cuban survevor and author. 1808 186T
Nodier, Charles. French author 1783? 1844
Noehden, George H. Gram., medalist in Eng 1770 1828
Noel, Baptist W. English dissenting divine 1799 1878
Noel, Francois Joseph Michel. Fr. grammarian. . 1755? 1841
Noel, Nicolas. French phvsicirn and author 1746 1832
Noel-Fearn. See Chri.st.mas, Henky.
Nogaret,de, Stanislas H. L. French colonist.. .. 1682 1758
Nogarola, Isotta, of Verona. Scholar 1430? 1468
Nogarola, Louis. Italian scholar and divine 1509? 1558
Noggerath, Jacob. German geologist 1788 1877
Nogre, de, Vincent. Fr. administrator, writer.. . 1629 1694
Nolrclerc, de, Albert P. C. Can. admin .writer. 1721 1778
Noir, le, Juan. Fr. Jansenist writer 1622 1692
Noire, Louis. German philosopher 1829 1888
Nolan, Sanuiel B. B. .American inventor 1808 187S
Noldeke, Theodore. German orientalist 1836 1878
Noldius, Christian. Dan. div. and biblical writer 1626 168S
N 0 L 1 N — 0 ( ' II I N 0
1783
BORN DIED
Nolin, Denis. French Biblical critic 104S I71U
NoUekens, Kraucis J. Antwerp puinter in Lou., ibfis I74.s
Nollekens, Joseph. English sculptor: 1737 1S23
Kollet, Jean Antoiue. AbbO. J'reiicli physicist... 1700 1770
Nolte, Vincent. Italian mer. and author in Am. . 177'.) l^i52?
Nomsz, John. Dutch poet 17HS 1S03
Nonnlus or Nunez, Peter. Port, matheni.. phys. H'.ia? 1577
Nonnus. Gicek poet H. 410?
Nonnus "r Nonus. Greek physician fi, 950?
Noodt, Geruert. Dutch jurist 1647 1725
Noor-ed-Deen. Sultan of Syria and Egypt 1117 1173
Koort, van, Adam. Flemish painter 15.57 IWl
Noort, van, Olivier. Dutch navigator. 1508 lii'Jl
Norbert, St. Founder of Prtl'monire Order 1002? llo:j
Nordau, Max Simon. Austrian author 1S40 ....
Nordbers, Joran or George. Swedish divine, hist 1077 1744
Norden, Frederick Louis. Danish traveler 170>s 1742
Kordenfleicht, de, Chedcrig Charl. Swed. poet. 1741) l7'.io
Kordenskjold, Adolf Erik. Swedish navigator.. 1832 ....
Nordheimer, Isaac. Gcr. educator and author... 1S09 1842
Nordhoff, Cliarles. American author 1530 ....
Nores, de, Jason. It. philos. and political writer ... . 1.590
Nores, de, Simon. Dutch naval otlicer 1581 1043
Norfolk, Charles H., Duke of. Politician 1740 1815
Norfolk, Thomas H., E. of Surrey. Third Duke of. 1473 1554
Norgate, Edward. Windsor Herald, illuminator 1050
Noris, Henry. Italian cardinal 1031 1704
Norman, Benj. M. Am. author, philanthropist. . 1809 1800
Normanby, Constautine H. P., >l«r. of. Eng. stat 1797 :s(i3
Normand, Jacques E. Fr. communist, writer 1809 1807
Normandy, Alphouse, Dr. Eug. chem., writer.. . 1811? 1804
Norquay, John. Canadian statesman 1841 ...
Norris, Edward. Eng. cl., political writer in Am 1589 1610
Norris, Edwin. English ethuologist 1795 1872
Norris, George \V. Am. surgeon and writer 1808 1875
Norris, Isaac. English statesman in America... 1671 1735
Norris, Isaac. American statesman 1701 1700
Norris, James, of Devizes. Miser 1885
Norris, John. English platouist and atithor 1658 1711
Norris, John. American statesman, benefactor. . 1745 1808
Norris, John. Sir. Enslishadmiral 1749
Norris, John Pilkiugton. English divine 1823 ...
Norris, Moses. American statesman 1799 18.55
Norris, Thaddeus. American angler and author. 1811 1877
Norris, William F. Am. physician and w'riter 1839 ....
North, Christopher. Sec W'ilso.n, John.
North, Du'lloy. Third Lord. Courtier and writer 1581 1600
North, Dtuiley. Lord, xo)i o_f preceding 1604 1677
North, Dudley, Sir. English economist 1641 1691
North, K^hvard, Lord. Lawyer 1490? 1564
North, Ivlward. American educator. 1820 ....
North, Elisha. Am. physician and writer 1771 1843
North, Francis, Baron Guilford. Eng. jurist 1637 1685
North, Fred., second earl of Guilford. Eug. states. 1732 1792
North, George, Rev. Antiquorv 1710 1772
North, John, D.D. Master of Trinity College 1645 1683
North, Roger, Lord. Eng. statesman, soldier 1531? 1600
North, Rogi.'r. Eng. attorney-general 1650? 1734
North, Simeon. American educator and author.. 1802 1884
North, ^^■illiam. American soldier and states,. 1755 1836
Northbrook, Francis T.Ii., Lord. Eng. statesman 1796 1800
Northbrook, Thos. B. Earl of. Eng. statesman. 1826 ....
Northcote, James. English [painter and author. . 1746 1S31
Northcote, Stafford Henry, Sir. Eug. statesman. 1818 1S87
Northeu, Adolf. German painter 1828 1876
Northend, Charles. American educator, author. 1814 ....
Northend, William Dummer. Am. Sen . writer. . 1823 ....
Northrop, Cyrus. Am educator and lecturer... 1834
Northrop, Harry Pinckney. Am. R. C. bishop 1842
Northrop, Lucius Bellinger. Am. sold., com. gen 1811
Northrup, Ansel Judd American jurist, author. 1833
Northtirp, Grorge W. American cl. and educator 1826
Northrup, Juromiali. Canadian statesman 1S15 ....
Northumberland, Algeruou P. Eng. peer, vice-ad 1792 1865
Northumberland, Henry P. Father of Hotspur 1408
Northumberland, John D., Duke of. Beheaded.. 1.502 1.5.53
Norton, .Vndrews. American divine and critic. .. 1786 1853
Norton, Asahel S. American Congregational cl.. 1765 1853
Norton, Augustus T. Am. Presby. clergyman l.sos 1,S.S4
Norton, Caroline E. S. English authoress 1808 I877
Norton, Chappie. English soldier 1746 IS18
Norton, Charles E. .\m. author and critic 1827 ....
Norton, Charles L. Am. soldier and author 1837 18.59
Norton, Daniel S. Am. lawyer and statesman 1829 1870
Norton, Frank H. Am. journalist and author 1836 ....
Norton, George II. Am. clergyman and educator 1824 ....
Norton, Herman. Am. clenjyman and author 1799 18.50
Norton, John. American clergyman and author. 1006 1063
Norton, John. American clerijyman and author. 1651 1716
Norton, John. American cler^Vman and writer. . 1716 1778
Norton, John Nicholas. Am. 1'. E cl.. author 1.820 1881
Norton, John Pitken. Am. chemist and writer. . 1822 1852
Norton, Lewis Mills. Am. chemist and writer. . . 1855
Norton, Sidney Augustus. Am. educator, author. 1835
Norton, Thomas Herbert. American chemist.... 1851 ....
Norton, William Augustus. Am. civil engineer.. 1810 1883
Norvell, John. American editor and statesman. . 1880 1850
Norwood, Thomas Mason. American statesman. 1830 ....
Nostradamus, de, Michel. French astrologer 1603 1566
BORN DIED
Nott, Abraham. Am. Congregational clergyman, I7y6 1756
Nott, .\hraham. Am. lawyer and statesma'n 1768 1830
Nott, Eliphalet. American instructor 1773 1806
Nott, Henry Junius. Am. essayist and lecturer.. 1797 1837
Nott, Josiah Clark. American ethnologist 1804 1873
Nott, Richard Means. Am. Baptist clergyman. . . 1831 1880
Nott, Samuel. American Cong. cl. and eciu 17.54 1552
Nott, Samuel. Am. missionary and \\ riter 1788 1869
Nottingham, Heueage, first earl. Ld chan.of Eng. 1621 1682
Noue, de la, Francois. French commander 1532 159i
None, de la, Charles £dw. Fr. explorer, author 1624 1691
Noureddiu. See Nook-ed-Dken.
Nourisson, Jean F^lix. French philosopher 1825 .. .
Nourrisson, Guy Leon. French colonist 1575 1629
Nourse, Amos. Am. physician antislatesman 1794 1877
Nourse, James Duncan. Am. journalist 1817 1854
Nourse, Joset.h Everett. Am. cl. and author 1819
Nova, de, Juan. Spanish navigator 1520
Novakovitch, Stefan. Servian author, politician 1842
Novalis. See Hardenberg, VON.
Novatian. Priest at Rome fl. .3rd. c.
Novell, Increase. English colouist 1590 16.55
Novell, Samuel. American treasurer of Harvard 1634 1688
Novella. Learned and beautiful Italian Indv 1312 1366
Novello, Vincent. Eng. comiioser and organist.. 1781 1861
Noverre, Jean Georges. Fr. ballet-master 1727 1810
Novikoff, Nikolai Ivanovitch. Russian author, .. 1744 1818
Noy, William. English lawyer 1577 1634
Noyes, Edward F. Am. lawyerand diplomat 1832 1890
Noyes, Eli. American missionary and editor 1814 1854
Noyes, George Kapall. American biblical scholar 1798 1868
Noyes, James. English clergyman in America. .. 1608 1656
Noyes, James. Ani. clergyman and phvsician.. . 1647 1717
Noyes, James Oscar. .American journalist 1829 1872
Noyes, John H. Am. communist an Oneida, N.Y. isil 18X6
Noyes, Stephen Buttcrick. American librarian.. 1833 1885
Noyes, William Curtis. American jurist 1805 1864
Nubar Pasha. Egyptian statesman 182; ..
Nugent, George, Sir. English soldier 1757 1849
Nugent, George. American philanthropist 1809 1883
Nugent, C-ieorge G., Lord. Eng. stats, and authorl7S8 1860
Nultter, Charles Louis Etienne. Fr. dramatist... 1828
Nunes, Leonardo. Portuguese miss, and author.. 1499 1554
Nunez, Alvar. Spanish explorer 1608 16.59
Nunez, Cast Mendez. Spanish naval officer 1830 1880
Nunez, Fernando de Cuzmau. Spanish humanist 1470? 1553
Nunez, Ignacio. Argentine jouru. and author. , .. 1793 1846
Nunez, de, Miranda Antonio. Mex. Jesuit, edu. . 1618 1695
Nunez, Pedro. (/."(Nonius.) Port.matbe 1492 1577
Nunez, Pedroso Francisco. Spanish adventurer. . 1500
Nunez, Rafael. President of Colombia 1825 ...
Nunez, Vela Blasco. First viceroy of i'eru 1546
Nunez y Arce, Caspar. Spanish poet 1834
Nurse, Rebecca. En.elish reputed witch 1621 1092
Nutt, Cyrus. American educator '.... 1814 1875
Nutt, tieorge W. M. Cinnwiidurr. Am. dwarf 1844 1851
Nuttall, Enos. English Colonial bishop 1842 ...,
Nuttall, Thomas. Anglo-.-\mericau naturalist — 1786 18.59
Nyerup, Nasmus. Danish hist, and antiquary ... 1769 1829
Nye, Edgar Wilson. Bill Aj/r. Am. humorist 1.850 ..--
Nye, James Warren. Am. jurist and statesman, ,. 1814 1876
o
Oakeley, Frederick. English divine 1802 1880
Oakeley, Herbert Stanley.. Sir. English musician 1830
Oakes, Thomas. Am. physician and statesman. .. 1644 1719
Oakes, ITrian. English clergyman in America — 1G31 1681
Oakey, Emily Sullivan. American author 1829 1883
Oakley, Henry Augustus. Am. financier, author. 1827 ,,.
Oakley. Thomas Jackson. American jurist 1783 1857
Oates, Titus. Contriverof thesham"Popirihplot" 1620.' 1705
Obando, Jose Maria. Col. soldier and statesman. 1791 1861
O'Beirne, Thomas Lewis. Irish P. E. clergyman. 1748 1823
Ober, Frederic Albion. American author 1849 —
Oherholtzer, Sara, Touisa. American poetess — 1841
Oberlin, Jean Fr(iicric. Fr.-Ger. philanthropist. 1740 1826
Oberlin, Jeremiah James. German antiquary — 17.35 1806
Obookiah. Henry. Hawaiian miss., author in Am 1792 1818
Obrecht, Ulric. French juris consult 1640 1701
Obrenovltch, Milosch. Prince and sr.ld'r Servia. 1780 1860
Obrien, Cornelius. Canadian archbishop 1843 —
O'Brien, Fitz James. Irish American author 1.829 1865
O'Brien, Hugh. Irish jouVnalist in America 1827
O'Brien, Jeremiah. American patriot...* 1740 1818
O'Brien, John. Canadian R. C. bishop 1829 1879
O'Brien, John Paul Jones. American soldier — 1817 1850
O'Brien, Lucius Richard. Canadian artist 1832 —
O'Brien, Richard. Am. seaman, diplomatic agt. 1758 1824
O'Brien, ^^'illiam. Irish political leader 1852
O'Brien, William Shoney. Irish capitalistin Am. 1825 1878
O'Brien, William Smith. Irish patriot 1803 1864
O'Callaghan, Ednuuid Bailey. Irish hist, in Am. 1797 1880
Ocampo, de, Gonzalo. Spanish archbishop 1572 1626
Ocampo, Melchor. Mexican statesman 1815 1861
Occam orOckham, William of. Eng. schol. philos. 1280? 1347
Occom, Samson. Am. Indian Pres. clergyman — 1723 1792
Ochino, Bernardino. Italian reformer 1487 1564
1784
OCHOA Y ACUNA — OPIE
BORN DIED
Ootoa y Acuna, Antonio. Mexican poet J7*3 l»si
Ochtarlony, David., Sir, Bt. Am. m.-geu. in India 175S 1825
O'Connell, Daniel. Irish statesman 1775 1847
O'Connell, Eugene. Irish K. C bishop in Am 1818 ....
O'Connell, Jeremiah J. Irish K. o. clerg, inAm.. 18-21 ....
O'Connor, Arthur. Irish rebel 17ti3 1852
O'Connor, Feargus Edward. Irish chartist 1796 1855
O'Connor, James. Irish R. C. el. in America 1823
O'Connor, John. Am. statesman in Canada 1824 1887
O'Connor, Michael. Irish R. C. bishop in Am 181U 1872
O'Connor, Richard., Sir. Irish sailor in Canada. 1782 1855
O'Connor, Thomas Power. Irish author 1.S48
O'Connor, AVilliam D. Am. editor and author 1833 ...
O'Conor, Charles. American lawyer 1804 1884
O'Conor, John Francis X. Am. Jesuit, cl. author. 1852 ....
O'Conor or O'Connor, Thomas. Irish jour, in Am 1770 1855
Oconostota. Head King of the Cherokees
Octavia. Wife of Mark .\utony B.C. 70? B.C. 11
O'Curry, Eugene. Irish antiquarian ]79i> 1802
Odell, Jackson American soldier 1792 1849
Odell, Jacob. American soldier 1756 18J6
Odell, Johu. American soldier j. 1756 1835
Odell, Jona'.hau. Am. P. E. cl., states, in Can 1737 1818
Odell, Moses Fowler. American statesman 1818 1866
Odell, William Franklin. American sui'veyor 1774 1844
Odell, William H. Cau. jurist and statesman 1811 ....
Odenlieiaier, William Henry. Am. P. E. bishop. 1817 1879
Odescalclii, Marc A. Philanthropist of Rome 1620'? 1670
Odevaere, Josephus Dionysius. Flemish painter 1778 1.830
Odilon-Barrot, Camille H. French statesman , . 1791 1873
Odin, Johu Mary. French archbishop in Anu-rioa 1801 1870
Odiorne, Thomas. American poet : 1769 l.-^jl
Odling, William. English chemist 1829 ....
Odoacer. Kiugof Italy. Executed 434'? 493
O'Donnell, James Louis. Irish R. C. bishop 1737 1811
O'Donnell, Daniel Kane. Am. journalist and poet 1.838 1871
O'Donnell, Leopold. Marshal of Spain 1809 18t>7
O'Donohoe, John. Irish lawyer and stats, in Can 1824 ....
O'Donoju, Juan. Spanish viceroy of Mexico ... 1821
O'Donovan, John. Irish archieologist 1808 ISOI
O'Donovan, William Rudolf. Am. sculptor 1844 . ..
(Ecolampadius, Johannes. Ger, reformer 14,82 1.531
Oeder, <'eoig Ludwig. German botanist 1728 1791
Oelckers, Tlieodor. Ger. scholar, author, radical 18b; 1869
OeWenschlajer, Adam Gottlob. Danish poet.. . 1778 1850
Oersted, Anders Saudrie. Danish jurist 1778 1860
Oersted, Anders Saiuloe. Dan. nat. and author. .. 1816 1872
Oersted, Hans ChJ'istian. Danish physicist 1777 1851
Oertel, .Johannes Adam. Bavarian artist in Am. . 1823 ....
Oertel, Philipp F. W. German novelist 1798 1867
Oeser, .\dam F. Ger. painter and modeler 1717 1799
Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph. Ger. theologian 1702 1782
Oettinger, Eduard Maria. Ger. novelist 1808 1872
O'Fallon, John. Am. philau.thropist 1791 1865
O'Farrell, Michael J. Irish R. C. bishop in Am.. 1.833
Ofifenbacli, Jacques. Fr. comp.of comic operas. . 1819 1880
Officer, Thomas S. .\m. minia.ture painter 1860
Officer, Moriifl. American L\ithernn missionai-y. 1823 1874
O'Flanagan, James Roderick. Irish author ,..'.. 1814 ...
Ofterdiugen, von, Ileinrich. (Jermau minstrel.. fl. 1200?
O'Gaban y Guerra, Juan B. Cuban R. C. clergy. 1782 1838
Ogden, Aaron. American soldier 1756 1839
Ogden, Abraham. American lawyer 1743 1798
Ogden, David. American jurist 1707 1.S0O
Ogden, Elias Bailey Dayton. ..Vmericau jurist 1799 1865
Ogden, Frauds BarVier. American inventor 3783 1.857
Ogden, Jacob. Apierican physician 1721 1780
Ogden, John Cosens. American P. E. clergyman. 1740 l.soo
Ogden, Robert. American patriot 1716 1787
Ogden, Thomas Ludlow, Amei'icau lawyer 1773 18'14
Ogden, Uzal American missionary. ... ," . 17-44 1822
Ogden, Wesley. American jurist. 1818 ....
Ogden, William Butler. First mayor of Chicago. 1.805 1877
Oge, Jacques Viuceut. Haytiau insurgent. ...... 17.')0 1791
Oggiono, d', Marco. Italian painter 1470? 1.549
Ogilby, Frederick. Irish P. E. clergyman in Am.. 1813 1878
Ogilby, John. Scottish poet and geographer 1600 1676
Ogilby, John David. Irish clergyman in Am 1810 18.51
Ogilvie, Clinton. .American artist 1.838 . ,
Ogilvie, Johu. American P. E. clergyman 1722 1774
Ogilvie, John. Scottisli poet 1733 1814
Ogilvie, John. Scottish lexicographer 1797 1.867
Ogilvie, Robert Annesley. British statesman 1807 1879
Oglesby, Richard James. Am. sen,, Gov. of 111.. . 1S24 ...
Ogletborpe, James E. Brit. gen found of Georgia 168S ;7a5
0 Gorman, James M. Irish R. C. bishop in Am . 1809 1874
O'Hara, Theodore. .Vm. lawyer and poet l.s-iO 1867
O'Hara, W'illiam. Irish R. C*. bishop in America. 1816 ., .
O'Higgins, don, Bernardo. Chilean dictator 17.^0 1816
dhlmiiller, Daniel Joseph. German architect. ... 1791 18;;9
Ohm, (Jeorg Simon. German electrician 1789 18.54
Ohm, Martin. German mathenmticiau 1792 1.S72
Ohmuller, Franz Joseph. German botanist 1797 1872
Ohnet, Georgi^s. Fr. novelist and dramatist 1.84S ....
Oiouhaton, Teresa. Indian convert, missionary. lt-i'27
Ojeda, de, .\lonzo. Spanish adv, with Columbus. 1465 1515
Ojeda, de, Diego. S. American friar and poet 1560 1619
O'KPPffe, John. Irish dramatist 1747 1833
O'Kelley, James. M. E. clergyman in America... V1'S> 1826
BORN DIE*
Oken, Lorenz. German uaturalist 1779 1851
Olaf or Olaus, Saint. Vikiug and king of Norway. 995 1030
Olavide. Pablo A. J. Peruvian statesman, author 1725 1803
Olbers, Heiurich W. M. German astronomer 1758 1840
Olcott, Simeon. American jurist 1735 1815
Oldcastle, John. Lord Cobham. Eng. ref., martyr 1300? 1417
Oldeh, Charles Smith. Amej-ican statesman 1799 187S
Oldenburg, Henry. German writer in England. . 1626? 1678
Oldendorp, Christian G. A. Ger. miss., author. .. 1721 1787
Oldfield, Anne. Celebrated English actress 1683 1730
Oldham, John. English pilgrim in America 1600 1636
Oldham, John. English satirical j.oet 1653 168*
Oldmixon, John. English historiau 1673 1742
Olds, Gamaliel Smith. Am. clergyman and writer 1777 1848
Oldys, William. English biographer 1696 1761
Olearius or Olschlager, .\dam. Ger. traveler 1599? 1671
O'Leary, Cornelius M. Ir. edu., writer in Am 1840
Olid, de, Cristobal. Spanish adveuturer 1492 1542
Olier, JeauJ. Fd'r of the semiuarv of Si.Sulpice 1608 1657
Olln, Abram Baldwin. American jurist 1808 1879
Olin, Gideon. American statesman 1750 1822
Olin, Henry, .\merican jurist 1767 1837
Olin, Julia Matilda. American authoress 1814 1879
Olin, Stephen. American Methodist divine 1797 1861
Olinda, Pedro de Araujo L. Marq. of. Braz. states 1793 1870
Oliphant, Laurence. Eng. traveler and author. .. 1829 188S
Oliphant, Margaret, horn Wilsnu. Eng. novelist. 1820
Oliphant, Thomas L. K. English author 1831
Oliva, Auello. Italian missionary and writer 1593 164*
Oliva, de, Feruan Perez. Sjianish author 1497 153*
Olivares, Miguel de. Chilian Jesuit and hist 1675 17G»
Olivarez, Gasparo de Guznuin, Duke. Sp. states 1587 164»
Oliveira, Caudido Baptista de. Brazilian states. ISOl 186»
Oliveira, Manoel Antoniu Vital de. Braz. nav. offi 18'29 186T
Oliveira, de, Manoel Botelho. Brazilian poet 1636 1711
Oliver, Andrew. Lieut, gov. of Massachusetts... 1706 1774
Oliver, Andrew. Am. jurist and scientist 1731 179*
Oliver, .-Vudrew. ,-\merican P. E. cl. and educator 1824
Oliver, Beujamin Lynde. American author 1788 3841
Oliver, Daniel. Am. iiliys., educator and writer.. 1787 1842
Oliver, Fitch Edw-ard. kvt\. phys., musical w-riter 1819
Oliver, Grace .\tkiuson. .-Vmerican authoress 1844 ....
Oliver, Henry Kemble. Au\. musician, composer 1800 1886
Oliver, James Edward. Am scientist and author 1829 ....
Oliver, Paul Ambrose. Eng. mannf..inv. in Am. 1830
Oliver, Peter. American jurist and writer 1713 1791
Oliver, Peter. American author 1822 185i
Oliver, Robert. American soldier and statesman 1738 181#
Oliver, Thojn as. W.Indian statesman in ,\m.... 1734 181S
Oliver, William Saudford. Am. official in Canada 1748 181»
Olivet, d', Joseph Thoulier. Abbe. French critic. 1682 176*
Olivier, Guillaume Antoiue Fr. entomologist. . . 3756 1814
Ollendorff, Henry Godfrey. Gtr. edu. .gram 1803 186*
Oilier, Edmund. English author 1826 188(i
OUivier. Emile. French advocate and orator 1825
Olmedo, Jose Joaquin. S. .\m. states., and poet.. 1781 1847
Olmos, de, Francisco Andres. Span, miss., auth. .. . 1571
Olmstead, Alexander Fisher. Am. chemist ....:. 1822 185»
Olmstead, James Munsou. \m. Pres. cl.. author 1794 1870
Olmstead, John Westley. .\m. cl. and editor 1816 ....
Olmsted, Deuison. Am. natural philosopher 1791 1859
Olmsted, Francis Allyn. Am. phys. and author .. 3819 1844
Olmsted, Frederick L. Am. landscape gardner.. . 1822 ....
Olney, Edward. American educator 3827 3887
Olney, Jesse. American geographer 1798 1872
Olotoraca, Indian (!acique , 1548 1573
Olozaga, Don Salustiauo. Spanish statesman.. . 1803 187S
Olshausen, Hermann. Ger. Protestant theol 1796 183t
Olshatisen, Justus. German orientalist 1800 1882
Olssen, William W. Am. P. E. cl. and educator.. . 18-27 '. . . .
Olsson, Olof. Swevlish Luth.cl. and editor in Am 1841 ....
O'Mahony, John F. Irish Fenian leader in .-Vm.. 1816 1877
Omalino d'Halloy, Jean Baptiste J. Belg. geol... 1783 187»
Omar I. Second Arab caliph 582 644
Omar II. Eighth Omeyyade caliph a.d. 729
Omar Khayyam. Persian poet — 102,5? 112«
Omar Pasha. Mirlmcl Latlas. .■\ustrian-Tnrk.gen 1805? 1871
O'Meara, Barrv Edward. Irishsurg. in St. Helena 1786 183«
Ona, de, Pedro. Chilian poet 3560 162»
Oncken, Johann Gerhard. Ger. Baptist preacher 1800 1884
Oncken, Wilhelm. German author 1838 —
Ondegardo, Polo. Spanish historian 150O ]57t
Onderdonk, Benjamin T. Am. P. E. bp. and w'r 1791 3861
Onderdonk, Henrv. American historian 3804 388*
Onderdonk, Henrv I'. Am. P. E. bp. and poet 1789 185«
O'Neall. John Belton. American jurist and w'r. . 3793 386X
O'Nell, Elizabeth. Irish actress 1791 187*
O'Neil, Henry. English painter 1818? 188«
O'Neill, John. Irish sold, and lecturer in Am 1834 187S
O'Neill, Shan. Irish chief 1507
Onesime, Charles Stanislas de Mon. Fr. miss., wr 1641 1699
Onis, de, Luis. Spanish diplomatist 1769 183»
Onslo-w, Arthur. Speaker Bt. House Com. 33 yrs. 1691 176»
Oort, van, .\dam. See Noort, van, Adam.
Oost, van, Jacob. The Elder. Flemish painter .. 1600 1671
Oost, van, Jacob. The Ymtnijer. Flemish painter 1637? 171S
Oosterzee, van, Jan Jakob. Dutch theologian... 1817 1888
Opie, Amelia, born .Alderson. Eng. authoress .. . 1709 38.58
Opie, John. H II -bull (I of A. Eng. historic painter 1761 180'
OPITZ — OVERTON
1785
BORN DIED
OpitZ, Martin. Von Boberfeld. German poet lo'.'T 1639
Oppelt, Gustave*Louis. Belgiau autlior 1M7 ...
Oppert, Jules. Ger. orientalist in Paris lb'2.i
Oppirt, d', Chas. E. Fr. magistrate and writer.. . 174!i 1S19
Opzoomer, Carolus \V. Dutch philosopher I.s21
Orange, William. Prince of' F'dr of Dutch rep... I53:i 1584
Orbigny, d', Alcide Dessaliues. Fr. naturalist... 1S02 ln^l
Orbigny, d\ Chas. Dessalines. French savant l8(Mi 1.S76
Orcagna. Italian artist 1310? 1376?
Orcliardson, William Quiller. Scottish painter. . ls:S5 ....
Ord, Edward Otho Cresap. American soldier ISIS 1883
Ord, George. Am. naturalist, writer, beueiactor.. 17S1 1806
Ordaz, de, Diego. Spanish adventurer HSo 1544
Ordericus Vitaiis. Eng. priest and historian 1075 1145?
Ordonez, Diego. Spanish author 1491 luOS
Ordonez y, Cevallos Pedro. Sp. traveler, author Iti20
Ordway, John Morse. Am. chem.. edu., writer... 1823
Ore, de, Luis J. Peruvian K. C. bishop, author 1028
O'Regan, Anthony. Irish R. C. bishoi>. edu.. ben. . 1860
O'Reilly, Alexander, Count. Irish soldier in Sp. 17;iO 1794
O'Reilly, Bernard. Irish R. C. bishop in Am lsi)3 1856
O'Reilly, Bernard. Irish R. C. el., author in Am. 1S23
O'ReUly, Henry. Irish journalist in America ISOC 18.S6
O'Reilly, James. Irish R. C. bishop in America.. 1S50 1887
O'Reilly, John. Irish R. C. bishop in America... 1797 1S02
0 Reilly, John B. Irish-Am. journalist, poet 1844 1890
O'Reilly, Miles. See Hai.pine, Charles G.
O'Reilly, Patrick T. Irish R. C. bishop in Am 183;^ ....
Orelie, Autoine I. K. of Aran, and Pat Fr. adv.. 1820 1878
O'Rell, Max. Irish author in France 1884
Orellana, Francisco. Sp. disc, of the Amazon 1.300 1.5-15
Orelli, Johann Kaspar. Swiss philologist 17^7 1849
Orense. Jose Maria de A.. Marquis. Sp. states'n. 1.S4.I2?
Orfila, Mateo Jos6 B. French chemist 1787 1853
Orgaz, Francisco. Cuban auth., poet, translator. Iisl5 1873
Oriani, Barnaba. Italian astronomer 17.52 18:^2
Oribasius. Greek physician and medical writer 325 400
Origen. Christian writer of .Vlexandria l.sti 253
Orlando, Giusenpe -\. d'. Ital. Jesuit and author 1709 1781
Orleans, d', Fefdiuand P. L. C. H. Due. Fr. Pre l.sio 1.443
Orleans, Francois F. P. L. .M.. Prince de Joiuville 181S
Orleans, d', Jean B. G. Due. French Prince IDOX 1000
Orleans, Louis A. P., Count of Paris. Fr.au.inAm ls:'.8 ...
Orleans, d', Louis P. Kiug of the French 1773 1850
Orleans, d', Louis P. J. Due. Philippe EgoUli 1747 1793
Orleans, d', Philipi>e II., Due. Regento? France 1074 1723
Orleans, Pierre P. J. M. French naval officer.... 1815 ....
Orleans, Robert P. L. E. F. Duke of Chartress. .. 1.410
Orleans, The Maid of. See Joan of Arc.
Orloff, Alexei, Count. Russian admiral 1737 1808
Orloff, -llexei. Count. Russian gen. and diplom. 1780 1801
Orloff, Xicohii, Prince. Russian diplomatist 1S27 1885
Orme, Rol'crt. English historian in India !72S 1801
Ormond, d", Cesar V. French Jesuit and author. 1089 1711
Ormond, James B., first Duke of. Ld. lieut.of Ir. 1610 loss
Ormond, John B.. Marquis of. Writer 1808 I.S.54
Ormsby, .Stephen. American statesman 1705 ISIO
Ormshy, Waterman L. Am. eng., inventor, w'r. . 1809 ISsS
Orne, .\zor. American patriot 1731 1796
Oro, de, Justo de S. M. Argentine bp., statesm'n 1771 1836
O'Rorke, Patrick H. Irish soldier in .\merica 1837 1803
Orosz or Oros, Ladislas. Hungarian Jesuit, auth. 1097 ....
Orozco y Berra, Fernando. Mex. phys., ed., au. 1S22 1851
Orozco y Berra, Manuel. Mex. law.,' edu., hist.. 1810 1881
Orr, Benjamin. American lawyer and statesman 1772 1828
Orr, Hugh. Scot, inv., manuf., Senator in Am — 1717 1798
Orr, Isaac. Am. miss., edu., inventor, and writer 1793 1844
Orr, James Lawrence. Am. law., editor, states'n. 1822 1873
Orr, John. .American soldier and statesman 1747 1.S22
Orr, John William. Irish engr., journalist in Am. 1S15 1887
Orr, Robert. Am. inventor and manufacturer
Orry, Louis Victor. Fr. miss, and author in Can. 1642 1691 '
Orsay, d', Alfred G. G., Count. French gallant... 1801 18.52
Orsini. Famous Italian family in the Middle Ages.
Orsini, Felice. Italian revoliitionist ". . 1819 1858
Orsted or Oersted. See Oersted.
Ortega y Montanes, Juan. Mex. archbp., writer 1027 1708
Ortelius "r Oertel, Abraham. Ger. geographer. . . 1.527 1598
Orth, Godlove Stoner. Am. statesman. 'diplomat. 1817 1SS2,
Ortiz, John F. R. C. clergyman in New Mexico. . . 1798 1.S58
Ortiz, Tomas. S. Am. R. C. bishop and author 1538
Orton, -A.zariah Giles. Am. Pres. cl., sch.. author 1789 1S64
Orton, Edward, .\merican geologist and writer. . 1829 . ..
Orton, James. American naturalist 1830 1877
Orton, Jason Rockwood. .\m. phys. and author.. 1806 1.S67
Orton, Reginald. Surg, aud writer on med. subj. 1810 l,->62
Orton, Wm. Cub. publisher, pub. officer in Am.. 1826 1878
Orvilliers, Louis Guillouot. Fr. naval officer 1708 1792
Osbeck, Peter. Swedish explorer and author.. .. 1723 1805
Osborn, Ethan. American Pres. clergyman 1758 1858
Osborn, Henry Stafford. Am. edu.. carto.g., auth. 1823
Osoorn, John. American physician and poet 1713 1753
Osborn, John Churchill. Arn. physician and edu 1700 1819
Osborn, Laughton. Am. artist, musician, poet... 1809 1873
Osborn, Samuel. Irish clergyman in .\merica ... 1090 1785
Osborn, Selleck. Am. journalist, soldier and poet 1783 1820
Osborn, Sherard. British admiral 1821 1875
Osborn, Thomas 'SV. Am. lawyer, states., soldier. 1836
Osborne, Thomas O. Am. soldier and diplomat. . 18:52
BORN
Oscanyan Hatchik Turk, linguist, editor, auth ihlb
Oscar I. Kiug of Sweden and Norway 1799
Oscar II. King of Sweden and Norwav Is29
Osceola. Chief of the Semiuoles. .." 1804
Osculati, Gaetano. It. naturalist, traveler, writer 1808
Osgood, David. American clerg}-man 1747
Osgood, Emma .\liue. American singer i.s52
Osgood, Frances Sargent. American poetess 1811
Osgood, Helen Louise G. American army nurse. . 1835
Osgood, Howard. Am. Baptist cl. aud educator. . 1831
Osgood, Kate Putnam. Americau authoress 1841
Osgood, Samuel. Am. statesman and soldier 1748
Osgood, Samuel. American critic and divine 1K12
Osgood, Thaddeus. Am. miss., philanthropist. .. . 17
Osgoode, \N'illiam. Eug. jurist in Canada 1754
O'Shaughnessy, -Arthur Wm. Edgar. Bt. poet 1810
O'Shaughnessy, Wm. Brooke.. Sir. Ir. electrician 1809
O'Shea, John -Augustus. Ir. soldier and author.. 1840
Osiander, .\ndreas. Ger. divine and scholar 1438
Osier, William. Canadian phvs. and edu., writer 1849
Osman I. Founder of the Olloman empire 1259 1326
Osman-Dlgma. Soudan adventurer 1832
Osman-Pasha. Turkish general 1832
Osmond, -Vutoiue Eustache. French bishop 1754
Osmond, Desire G. R. V. d'. Fr. extilorerand auth 1763
Osmond, Marie Joseph E. V.d'. French soldier. 1756
Osmond, Kene Eustache Marquis de. Fr. diplo... 1751
Osmun, Thomas Enibly. Americau author 1.^20
Osorio. Jeronymo. Portuguese historian 1500
Ospina, Mantjel. Colombian educator, statesman 1803
Ossian. Mythical Celtio bard &. Id or sd c.t
Ossoli, Countess. See Fcli-er, Sarah Margaret.
Ossorio, Juan Bautista. Cuban patriot, martyr.. 18.39
Ossory, James Butler. Earl of. Eng. commander. 1634
Ostaade, van. Pet. Dutch navigator lo70
Ostade,van, .\driaeu J. Dutch painter loio
Ostade, van, Isaac. Dutch painter loai
Osterhaus, Peter J. Ger. dip., soldier in Am 1820
Osterwald, Jean F. Swiss Protestant divine 1063
Ostrander, Henry. .\m. reformed clergyman 1781
Ostrovski, Alexander N. Russian dramatist 1^25
Osuna, Pedro T. vGiron. Duke of. Vic. of Naples. 1575
Oswald, Eleazer.' English soldier in .America 17.55
Oswald, Felix L. Belgian-.Americau writer 1845
Oswald, Richard. Scottish diplomat 1705 1784
Otero, Rafael. Cuban author 1.S27 1876
Otey, James Hervey. Am. P. E.bp. and educator. 1800 1863
Otfrid. German monk and metrical writer 11. 9th c.
)859
is38
1822
1850
1808
1813
1S.S0
1852
1824
1881
1552
1823
1819
1839
1838
1.580
1885
1871
1080
1711
1685
1049
i747
1872
18S«
1024
1795
Founder of the Ottoman em 1259
574
Othman or Osman
Othman Ibn Affan. The third Moham. caliph
Otho, Marcus Salvius. Romau emjieror ... 32
Otho I. Emperor of Germany 912
Otho II. Emperor of Germany 9.W
Otho III. Emperor of Germany 980
1326
650
69
973
983
1002
Otho IV. Emperor of Germany 1174? 1218
Otho I. King of Greece 1815 1867
Otis, Bass. American artist 1784 1861
Otis, Elisha Graves. American inventor 1811 1801
Otis, Eliza Henderson. -American authoress 1796 1873
Otis, Elwell Stephen. -Americau soldier 18.38
Otis, Fessenden N. -Am. phys. leet., inv., author. . 1825
Otis, George Alexander. Am. surgeon, author. .. . 18:'»0 1881
Otis, Harrison Gray. American statesman 1765 1818
Otis, James. American orator aud uatriot - ..... 1725 1783
Ott, Isaac. -American physician ana writer 1.M7
Ottendorfer, Oswald M. 'Jour, statesman in -Am. 1826
Otter, ^^"iIliam D. Canadian soldier and writer.. 1843 —
Otterbein, Philip W. Germau-Am. preacher . 1720 1813
Ottigny, d', Charles French soldier 1524 l.iOo
Ottley, William Young. English artist 1771 1836
Otto, Charles. W. Indian physician and author., 1795 l.'>79
Otto, John C. -American physician and writer. . . 1774 1M4
Otto, William Tod. -American jurist and educator 1817
Ottoni, Theophilo B. -Am. jurist, statesman 1807 1869
Otts, John Martin P. -Am. clergyman and author 1838
Otway, Thomas. English dramatic poet 1651 1685
Oudin. Christian J. W. Indian missionary 1861 1841
Oudlne Eugene -A. Fr. sculptor aud engraver. .. ISIO 1887
Oudlnol, Nicolas C, Due de Keggio. Fr, mars.. .. 1707 1847
Oudry, Jean B. French animal painter 16.S6 1705
Ouimet, Gideon. Canadian statesman ...1823 —
Oulmet, Joseph -Alderic. Canadian statesman — 1848 ...
Ouray. Indian chief 1820 1880
Oureouhare. Cayuga chief , 1697
Ourlac, Jean Nicolas. American artist 1789 1821
Ouseley, Frederich -A. G.. Sir. Eng. cl. and mus. 1825 1889
Ousely, William, Viscount. British orientalist... 1771 1842
Ousley, William Gore.. Sir. Eng. diplomatist — 1791 1866
Outerbridge, -Albert .A. Bnrm. law. and ed. in Am 1841 —
Oxitram, James. Sir. English general in India... 1803 1863
Ouvard, Leon Francois. W. Ind. sci. and author. 1767 1S26
Ouvrier, Pierre Gustave. Fr. his. and edu 1765 1822
Ovalle, de, -Alfonso. Chilian Jesuit and author.. 1001 1051
Ovando, Nicolas. Sp. governor of Hispaniola.. .. 1400 1518
Overall, William Henry. Eng. lib. and author... 1829
Overbeck, Friedrich. German painter 1789 1869
Overbury, Thomas., Sir. Eng. poet and philos. . 1581 1613
Overman, Frederick. Ger. min. eng., au. In Am 1810 18.52
Overton, John. -American jurist.. 1706 1833
1786
OVER W EG — PAPON OT
BORN
Overweg, Adolf. German traveler in Africa 1822
Ovid. Publitis Ovifliu.''r Sit-so. Roman poet. ..B. c. 43 a.
Oviedo, Juan Antonio. So. Araer. .Jesuit and au.. ir.7U
Oviedo y Valdes, de, Gonzalo F. Sj). cbronieler. 1478
Owen, Abraham. American .soldier and surveyor 176y
Owen, David Dale. .Scotch geol and writer in Am 1»07
Owen, Goronwy Welsh clergyman and poet 1722
Owen, Griffitii. Welsh colonist and physician
Owen, James. American statesman and author. 1784
Owen, John. .American publisher 1805
Owen, John Jason. Am. Fres. cl. aud educator.. 1803
Owen, Joseph. Am missionary and educator 1814
Owen, Joshua Thomas. Welsh'Iau-., edu. in Am.. 1821
Owen, Richard., Sir. English auat.. zoologist 1804
Owen, Richard. Scot, gelogist. author in Am — 1810
Owen, Robert. British social reformer 1771
Owen, Robert Dale. Son <jf liohirt . Am. author.. 1800
Owens, John Edward. Eog. actor in America. . . 1824
Owsley, William. American jurist 1782
Oxenbndge, John. Eng cl.aud author in Am. . .. lt>09
Oxenden, Ashtou. Eug, p. E. bp.. author in Cau. 1808
Oxenford, John. British dramatic author 1812
Oxenstiern, Sir. Oxenstjerna, Axel, Ct. Sw. stat. 10S3
Oxley, James Mncdonald. Cau. lawyer, author.. 1855
Ozanam, Antoine rredcric. Fr. author scholaj. . 1814
DIED
1852
D. 17
1757
1557
1811
1860
1770
1717
18ia
18*2
1861)
1870
1887
1S5S
1877
1886
1S()2
1674
1877
1654
is53
P
Pabst, Hermann. Ph.D. German historian 1370
Paca, William. Siguer of Decl. of Independence 1740 17it9
PaccMa, Girolamo. Italian painter 1477 1.540?
Pacchlerotti, Gasparo. Italian singer 1744 1.V21
PaccMoni, Antonio. Italian anatomist 1665 1726
Pacheco, Francisco. Sp. painter, writer on art... 1571 1654
Pachomius, Saint. Egypt, found'r monastic com 292 S4S
Pacini, Giovanni. Sicilian musical composer 1796 1867
Pacinotti, Antonio. Italian physician. . ' ..1841 ....
Pacioli, Luca. Luca dl Uorfjo. It. mathematician 14.50? 1510?
Packard, Alpheus S. Am. clergyman, educator.. 1798 1884
Packard, Alpheus S. Am. naturalist and author. 1839
Packard, Fredericli A. Am. lawyer, statesman. . . 1794 1867
Packard, Hezekiah. Am. clergyman and educator 1761 1849
Packard, Jasper. Am. soldier and journalist 18:;i
Packard, John Hooker. Am. surgeon aud author 1832 ....
Packard, JosepL. American educator and writer 181-2 . ..
Packard, Lewis R. Am. educator and writer 1836 1SS4
Packard, Silas Sadler. .Km. educator and author 1826
Packer, Asa. American capitalist 1806 1879
Packer, William F. Am. statesman and editor... 1807 1870
Pacuvlus, Marcus. Roman tragic poet 219 129 B.C.
Paddock, Algernon Sidney. American statesman l.s;^0 ....
Paddock, Benjamin Henry. Am. P. E. bp.. writer 182S
Paddock, John Adams. .American P. E. bishop. .. 1.S2.5 . .
Padilla, Diego Francisco. Colombian patriot. .. 1754 1829
Padiila, Francisco. Brazilion soldier 1627
Padilla, de, Juan. Spanish missionary 1539
Padilla, Juan Jose. C. Am. scientist and author. 1750
Padilla, Juau l.opez. Spanish patriot 1490? 1,522
Padilla y, de, Estrada .lose -A. Mexican archbp.. 1696 1760
Paer, Ferdiuando. Italian musical composer 1771 1839
Paez, Francisco Spanish Jesuit miss, in Africa.. 15G4 1622?
Paez, Josi^ .Antonio." Venez. revo. commander 1780 1873
Pagan, de, Blaise Francois, Count. Fr. mil. eng. 1604 1665
Paganini, Kicolo. Italian violinist 1784 1.S40
Page, Charles Grafton. Am. physicist, writer 1812 1868
Page, David Perkins. .Am. educator and author. . 1810 1848
Page, Emily Rebecca. .American poetess 1834 1862
Page, Hugh Nelson. Am. naval officer 1788 1.871
Page, James. -Am. lawyer aud statesman 1795 1875
Page, John. English merchant and statesman... 1627 1692
Page, John. American statesman 1787 1865
Page, Mann. American land-holder 1691 1730
Page, Mann. .American statesman 1749
Page, Matthew. American statesman 16.59 1703
Page, Richard C. M. .Am. phys. and writer 1811
Page, Robert. .Am. soldier and statesman. 1764 1810
Page, Samuel D. .Am lawyer and statesman 1840
Page, Thomas J. .Am, naval officer, surveyor ISOS ....
Page, Thomas X. .Am lawyer and author" 18.53
Page, William. .American painter 1811 18K
Page, William B. Am surgeon and writer 1S17 1877
Pages, de, Pierre M. F., Vis. Fr. explorer, writer 1748 179S
Paget, Augustus Berkeley., Sir. Eng. diplomatist 1S23
Paget, James., Sir. Eng. sur. and physiologist . . 1814
Paige, Alonzo Christopher. American jurist 1797 1868
Paige, Lucius R. .American cl. and author 1802
PaUleron, Edouard. French dramatist 18Si
Paillet, -Alphonse G.V. French advocate 1796 1855
Pain, Olivier. French publicist 1845
Paine, Uyron. American jurist 1827 1871
Paine, Charles Jackson. Am. so! and yachtist... 1833
Paine, Eleazer A. .American soldier 1815 1882
Paine, Elijah. .American jurist 17.57 1842
Paine, Elijah. .Am. jurist and author 1796 1853
Paine, Halbert Eleazer. .Am. lawyer and states... 1826
Paine, Henry William. Am. lawyer and lecturer 1810
Paine, Horace Marshfieid. Am. phys.. author 1827
Paine, John Alsop. Am. archseol. aud writer. . . . 1840
BOBN DIED
Paine, John Knowles. American musician 1839 ....
Paine, Martyn. Am. phvsician, political writer.. 1794 1877
Paine, Robert. .Am. M. E. bishop and author... 1799 1SS2
Paine, Robert Treat. Am. law, sign, of Dec. of lud. 1731 I.si4
Paine, Robert Treat. Son o/ pre. .Am. author 1773 ISU
Paine, Thomas. .Am. political, deistical writer... 1737 1809
Paine, Timothy 0. Am. New Church cl., author. 1824
Paine, William. American physician 1750 1833
Paine, William. American physician and editor. 1821
Painter, Gamaliel. .Am. jurist and statesman... 1743 1819
Paisiello, Giovanni. Italian musical composer.. 1741 1816
Paixlians, Henri Joseph. Fr. general, inventor. 1783 1854
Pajou, -Augustin, French sculptor 1730 1809
Pakenham, Edward Michael., Sir. Brit, general. 1778 1815
Palacio.de, Diego Garcia. Sp soldier, author. .. 1530 1580
Palacky, Frantisek. Bohemian historian 179S 1876
Paladins, .Archimandrite. Russian orientalist 1879
Palafox, .^>. Palafox y Melzi, Jose, D. of Saragossa 1780 1847
Palafox y Mendoza, Juan. Mex. abp., auth'or... 1600 1656
Palaprat, Jean de Bigot. French poet 1650 1721
PaUestrina, da, Giov. Pietro -A. Ital. composer.. 1524 1594
Paley, Frederick Apthorp. Eng. classical scholar 1816 1888
Paley, William. English theologian and moralist 1743 1805
Palfrey, Fr.incis Winthrop. Am. law. and author 1831
Palfrey, John Carver. Am. soldier and engineer 1833
Palfrey, John Ciorham. Am. divine and his 1796 1881
Palfrey, Snra Hammond. American authoress.. . 1823
Palfrey, Warwick. American journalist 1787 1S38
Palfrey, William. .American patriot 1741 1780
Palgrave, Fraucis.. Sir. English historian 1788 1861
Palgrave, Francis T. Son oj F. Eng. art critic. 1824
Palgrave, William Gifford. English author -1826 1888
Palikao, de, Charles G., Count. French general. 1796 1878
Palisot, de, Ambrose M. F. J. B. Fr. naturalist.. 1752 1820
Palissy, Bernard. French potter aud enameler.. 1510? 1590
PalladiO, -Andrea. Italian architect 1518 1580
Pallavicino, Piotio Sforza. Italian historian 1607 1667
Pallen, Montrose Anderson. .Am. phys. and in v.. 1836
Palleske, Emile. German actor and "poet 1823 1880
Palliser, John. Irish explorer in Canada 1817
Palliser, William., Sir. British inventor 1830 1S82
Palm, van der, Johannes Henricns. Dutch hist. 1765 1840
Palma, Jacopo. The EhUr. Italian painter 1480 1528
Palma, Jacopo. Tlic Yuunyer. Italian painter 1544 1628
Palma y Romay, Ramon. Cuban edu, author... 1812 I860
Palmblad, Vilhelm Fredrik. Swedish author 1788 1852
Palmer, Albert Gallatin. .Am. cl. and author. .. .1813 1891
Palmer, Albert M. Am. librarian, theatre-man.. 1838
Palmer, Alonzo Benj. Am. phys. and writer 1815 1887
Palmer, .Anthony. Eng. colonial gov. in -Am 1749
Palmer, Benjamin Morgan. American Pres. cl... 1818
Palmer, Courtlandt. .Am. merch. and R. C. pres. 1800 1874
Palmer, Courtlandt. Am. Pres. luth Cen. Club... 1843 IhSS
Palmer, Edward. American reformer 1802 1886
Palmer, Edward Henry. English Egyptologist... 1840 1882
Palmer, Elihu. .American author 1764 1806
Palmer, Erastus Dow. American scnly-tor 1817
Palmer, Frank Wayland. Am. jouru., statesman. 1827 ....
Palmer, George Wa'sbington. Am. lawy'r, states. 1S35 1887
Palmer, Henrietta Lee. American author 18.34
Palmer, Horatio. .Am. musical conductor, w'r.. 18.34
Palmer, Innis Newton. American soldier 1824
Palmer, James Croxall. American surg. and exp 1811 1883
Palmer, James Shedden. American naval officer. 1810 1867
Palmer, John. Projector of mail coaches in Eng. 1742 1818
Palmer, John McCauley. Am. sold., statesman.. 1817
Palmer, John Williamson. Am. phys. and author 1825
Palmer, Joseph. American patriot 1718 1788
Palmer, Joseph. .Am. physician and writer 1796 1871
Palmer, Minnie. Atuerican actress 1S65 ....
Palmer, Phoebe. .Am. evangelist and editress 1807 1874
Palmer, Ray. Am. divine and hymnologist 1808 1887
Palmer, Samuel. English etche'r and painter 1805 1881
Palmer, Thomas AVitherell. Am, mer. and states 1830
Palmer, Walter Launt. American artist 1854
Palmer, William .Adams. .American jurist 1791 1860
Palmer, William H. Eng. musician, magician... 1828 1878
Palmer, William Pitt. .Am. educator and poet... 1805 1.S84
Palmer, von, Christian. German theologian 1811 1875
Palmerston, Henry J. T., Viscount. Eng. states. 1784 1865
Palomino de Velasco, -Acislo .A. Spanish painter 1653 1726
Paludan-Miiller. Friedrich. Danish poet 1809 1877
PampMlus, Saint. Syrian Christian martyr 240? 309
Panas, Panaghiotis. Greek poet and publicist... 1833
Panat,de, Charles L. E. C. Fr. naval officer 1762 1834
Panckoucke, Charles Joseph. French editor 1736 1799
Pancoast, Joseph. .Am. surgeon and writer i,S05 1882
Pancoast, Seth. .Am. physician and writer 1823
Pancoast, A^'illiam H. Am. surgeon, educator 1835
Panet, Charles Eugene. Canadian lawyer 1830
Pangalos, M. Varnavas. Modern greek patriot *. 1855
Panini. Sanskrit philologist and gwmmarian.fl. 4^A c? B.C.
Panizzi, -Antonv., Sir. Ital. lib. British Museum. 1797 1879
Paoli, dl, Pasqiiale. Coriscau patriot 1726 1807
Pape-Carpantier, Marie. Fr, ped. and writer . .. 181.:> 1878
Papillon, Fernand. French physiologist 1S47 187?
Papin, Denis. French physicist 1647 1714
Papineau, Louis Joseph. Canadian politician... 1789 1871
Paponot, FOlix S. G. French architect 1835
PAPPE NH EI M — PATTERSON
1787
BORN DIED
Pappenheim, von, Gottfried H., Count. Ger. gen lo94 ittsa
Paquet, Anselme Honiere. Can. phys.. states..-. 1830 ....
Paracelsus, Aurcolus. Swiss alchemist, phys. . . 1492 1541
Paradise, Joliu. American artist 17S3 1834
Paradise, John Wesley. American engraver 1809 1862
Parana, Houoria H. C. L. Marq. Braz. states. . .. 1801 18.56
Paranagua, Francisco V. B, Marq. Braz. states. 1769 1846
Pardee, Ario. .\m. eng., lien, of Layfeyette Col... 1810
Pardo, JIannel. President of Peru lgS4 1878
Pardoe, Julia. English authoress 1806 1862
Pare, -Vmbroise. Father of frrnclt Surgery 1.509 1590
Parades, Ignacio. Mexican Jesuit 1703 1770
Parades, Jose G. Statesman, scientist of Pern. .. 1779 1839
Parades y Arrilllaga, Mariano. Pres. of Mexico 1797 1849
Pareja, .\ntonio. Spanish naval officer 1760 1813
Pareja, Francisco. Span. miss, and educator 162S
Pareja, Jose. Spanish naval officer 1812 1865
Pareja, da, Juan. Spanishartist 1606 1670
Parent, Etienne. Canadian journalist, lecturer.. 1801 1874
Parepa-Rosa. See Rosa, Euphorsyne Parepa.
Paret, Thomas Duncan. American inventor 1837 ....
Paret, \N'ilIiam. American P. E. bishop " 1S26 ....
Parini, Giuseppe. Italian poet, . .! 1729 1799
Paris, Ale.xis Paulin. French author 1800 1881
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin. French scholar . . . 1839 . . .
Paris, John Ayrton. English phys. and chemist.. 1785 1856
Paris, de, Louis P. d'O.. Comte. 'French prince. . 1838 ....
Parisel, Francis, Dr. French communist 1840 1877
Parish, Elijali. American clergyman and author 1762 1825
Parish, Woodbine., Sir. English diplomat 1796 1SS2
Park, Calvin. -\m. clergyman and educator 1774 1847
Park, Edwards Amasa. American theologian 1808
Park, James. .American manufacturer 1820 1883
Park, John. Am. surgeon, educator, journalist... 1875 1852
Park, Mungo. Scottish explorer in Africa .... 1771 1806
Park, Koswell. Am. engineer and author 1807 1869
Park, Trenor William. Am. lawyer and philan.. . 1823 1882
Parke, Benjamin. Am. jurist and soldier 1777 1835
Parke, John. .American soldier and poet 1754 1789
Parke, John Grubb. American soldier ls27
Parke, Joseph. American clergyman 1705 1777
Parke, Thomas. American physician 1749 1835
Parker, .^masa Junnius. Am. jurist and writer. . 1807 1890
Parker, Cortlandt. American lawyer 1818
Parker, Daniel, .\merican soldier 1782 1846
Parker, Edward Griffin. Am. lawyer and writer. 1825 1868
Parker, Edward Latwycke. Am'. Cong, clergvman 17S5 1850
Parker, Ely Samuel. Indian c. engin. and soldier 1828
Parker, Foxhall .Alexander. Am. naval officer... 1821 1879
Parker, Francis Wayland. Am. soldier and edu. 1837
Parker, Helen Fitch. Am. authoress. 1827 1874
Parker, Henry, .\merican president of Georgia... 1090 1777
Parker, llenrv Webster. Am. cl. and writer 1824
Parker, Hyde., Sir. British admiral 1739 1807
Parker, Isaac. American jurist and educator 1708 18S0
Parker, James, .\merican statesman 1776 1868
Parker, James Cutter Dnnn Am. mus. and au.. . 1828
Parker, Joel. American jurist 179.5 1875
Parker, Joel. .\m. Presby. clergyman and editor 1799 1873
Parker, Joel. Am. lawyer, soldier and statesman 1816 1888
Parker, John. American statesman 1749 1822
Parker, John -Vdams. American artist 1829
Parker, John Henry. English archajologist 1S06 1884
Parker, Leonard M. Am. lawver and statesman. 1789 IS54
Parker, Linus. American M. E. bp. and editor. . . 1829 1885
Parker, Matthew. Archbishop of Canterbury 1504 1575
Parker, Nahum. American statesman 1760 1839
Parker, Permelia Jane Marsh. Am. authoress is.%
Parker, Peter., Sir. British admiral 1716 1811
Parker, Peter., .iir. Bart. Eng. naval oflScer in Am 1786 1814
Parker, Peter. Am. missionary and diplomat 1804 1888
Parker, Richard Elliott. .American jurist 1783 1840
Parker, Richard Green. American educator 1798 1869
Parker, Samuel. American P. E. bishop 1744 1804
Parker, Samuel. Am. clergyman and lecturer 1779 1866
Parker, Theodore. Am. theologian and scholar. 1810 1860
Parker, Thomas. Eng. clergyman, author in Am. 1595 1677
Parker, Thomas. American soldier 1753 1820
Parker, Willard. Am. surgeon and writer 1800 1884
Parker, William., Sir. Eng. admiral, statesman. 1781 1867
Parker, William H. American naval officer 1826
Parkhurst, Charles H. Am. clerg., educ, author 1842
Parkinson, Richard. Eng. agri., auth. in Am 1748 1R15
Parkinson, William. Am. Bap. cl. and writer 1774 1848
Parkman, Ebenzer. American clergyman 1703 1789
Parkman, Francis. Am. cl. and benefactor 1788 1852
Parkman, Francis. American historian 1.S23
Parkman, George. Am. physician and writer. . . . 1791 1849
Parlatore, Filippo. Italian naturalist 1816 1877
Parmelee, Theodore N. Am. journalist, writer. .. 1804 1874
Parmantier, .\ugnste Henrv. Fr. historian in Am 1752 1816
Parmantiar, Jehan. Fr. naV., exp. of Indian sea. 1494 1530
Parmigiano, II. See MAzzroL.i.
Parnell, Charles Stewart. Irish statesman 1846 1891
Parnell, Thomas. British poet 1679 1717
Parny, de, EvaristeD^sir6der.,Chev. Fr. poet. 1753 1814
Parr, Catharine. Queen of England 1.513? l.,,.^
Parr, Samuel. English critic and scholar 1747 i.^'j.s
Parr, Thomas. Old Par) English centenarian... 14.S3 K,:;;)
BORN
Parra, de la, Antonio. Portuguese nat., author
Parra, Francisco. Sp. missionary and author. . . 1500
Parreno, Jose Julian. Cuban Jesuit and author. 1728
Parrhasius. Greek painter fl. e
Parris, .\lbion Keith. American jurist 1788
Parris, Samuel. English clergyman in America. 1653
Parrisn, Edward. Am. pharmacist and writer... 1822
Parrish, Isaac. Am. physician and writer 1811
Parrish, John. Am. Quaker preacher and writer. 1729
Parrish, Joseph. American physician and writer 1779
Parrish, Joseph. Am. physician and writer 1818
Parrish, Stephen. American artist 1846
Parrott, Enoch Greenleaf. Am. naval officer 1814
Parrott, John Francis. American statesman 1768
Parrott, Robert Parker. American inventor. . . . 1804
Parry, Caleb. American soldier 1735
Parry, Thomas. Eng. bishop, author in W.Indies 1795
Parry, William Edward., sir. Eng. Arctic nav. . . 1790
Parsehall, Nathaniel. American editor 1804
Parseval-Deschenes, Alexander F. Fr. sailor... 1790
Parsons, Anson Virgil. American jurist 1799
Parsons, Charles. Eng. artist in America 1831
Parsons, Charles Carroll. Am. P.E. cl. and edn. 1838
Parsons, Charles William. Am. phys., author.. . . 1823
Parsons, David. Am. clergyman and benefactor. 1749
Parsons, Enoch. American financier 1776
Parsons, Henry Petts. Asiatic chem. and editor. 1855
Parsons, Jonathan. Am. clergvman and author.. 1705
Parsons, Levi. Am. jurist and'philanthropist 1822
Parsons, Lewis Baldwin. American benefactor.. 1798
Parsons, Lewis Baldwin. American soldier 1818
Parsons, Mosby Monroe. American soldier 1819
Parsons, Robert. English Jesuit theologian 1548
Parsons, Samuel Holden. American soldier 1737
Parsons, Theophilus. American jurist 1750
Parsons, Theophilus. American jurist, writer.. . 1797
Parsons, Thomas William. American poet 1819
Parsons, Usher. Am. surgeon and author 1788
Parsons, William. English surveyor in America
Parton, Arthur. American artist 1842
Parton, Henry Woodbridge. American artist 1858
Parton, James. American biographer 1822
Parton, Sara P. Willis. American authoress 1811
Partridge, ,\lden. Am. educator and surveyor... 1785
Partridge, George. American statesman 1740
Partridge, Oliver. American statesman 1712
Paruta, Paolo. Italian historian 1540
Parvin, Theodore Sutton. Am. edu., statesman.. 1817
Parvin, Theophilus. Argentine phys., educator.. 1829
Pascal, Blaise. French philosopher, math 1623
Pascal, Jean Antoine H. E. Fr. administrator... 1828
Pascalls-Onvlere, Felix. Fr. phys., auth. in Am. 1750
Paschal, George W. Am. sold., jurist, edu.. w'r.. 1812
Paschall, Edwin. Am. journalist and educator.. 1799
Pasco, Samuel. Eng. law., sold., states, in Am.... 18,'?4
Pasdeioup, Jules Etienne. French musician 1819
Paskevitch. Ivan F.. Prince of Warsaw. Rns. gen. 17.82
Pasquier, Etienne. French advocate, historian. . 1529
Pasquier, de, Etienne Denis, Due. Fr. statesman 1767
Pass or Passe, van de, Crispin. Dnteh des., eng. 1560?
Passaconaway. .-imerican Indian cliief 1580
Passaglia, Carlo. Italian theologian . I812
Passavant, Johann David. German art historian 1787
Passavant, William Alfred. Am. Luth. clergyman 1821
Passmore, Joseph C. Am. P. E. cl.. law., edu.... 1818
Passow, Franz L. K. F. German philologist 1786
Pasta, Giuditta. Italian-Jewish singer. 1798
Pasteur, Louis. French chemist 1822
Pastorius, Francis D. Ger. colonist in America.. 1651
Patch, Samuel. American Athlete 1807
Pater, Walter H. English writer and critic 1839
Paterson, John. American soldier 1744
Paterson, John. Am. mathematician and writer. 1801
Paterson, William. Founder of Bank of Eng 1658?
Paterson, William. Scottish colonist 1665
Paterson, William. American jurist 1745
Patillo, Henrv. Am-Scottish clergyman 1726
Patkul, Johaiin Reinhold. Livonian patriot 1668?
Patmore, Coventry Kearsey Dighton. Eng. poet. 1823
Paton, Joseph Noel., Sir. British painter 1821
Patria, Henri J. G. French scholar 1798
Patrick, Marsena R. American soldier 1811
Patrick, Saint. Apostle, patron saint of Ireland. 373
Patten, George W. .\m. soldier and author 1808
Patten, John. American soldier and statesman.. 1746
Patten, William. Am. Cong, clergyman 1763
Patten, William S. Am. lawyer, statesman 1800
Patterson, Carlile Pollock. Supt. of Coast snr... 1816
Patterson, Christopher Stuart. Am. law., author 1842
Patterson, Daniel Tod. American naval officer.. 1786
Patterson, David Trotter. American jurist 1819
Patterson, Francis Engle. American soldier 1827
Patterson, George. Canadian cl. and author 1824
Patterson, James Willis. Am. edu. and states. . . 1823
Patterson, John C. English missionary 1827
Patterson, John James. Am. sold, and statesman 1830
Patterson, Joseph. .American banker 1808
Patterson, Morris. .Am. coal-dealer and philan. . 1809
Patterson, Robert. Irish edn. and direct, of Mint 1743
DIED
i560
1785
c400
1857
1720
1872
1852
1807
184D
1879
1S36
1877
1776
1870
18.55
1866
1860
1882
isre
is23
1846
1885
1776
1887
1855
i865
1610
1789
1813
1882
iS6S
1757
1872
1854
1828
1792
1598
1662
1888
1840
1878
1869
i887
1856
1615
1862
1635?
1.S87
1861
1866
1833
1865
i7i9
1829
isos
1883
1719
1719
1806
1801
1707
1876
1888
466?
1882
1801
1839
1873
1881
i837
1862
1871
1878
1824
1788
PATTERSON — PELLEP ART
BORN
- . 175:^
. 1792
. . 1819
. . 1829
1821
1787
1882
1820
1843
1&J2
Patterson, Robert. Ameiicau pioneer.
Patterson, Kobert. Irish soldier in America. .
Patterson, Robert. American lawyer, author
Patterson, Robert. Irish Presby. cl. in Am.. , .
Patterson, Robert Hogarth. Scottish publicist.
Patterson, Robert JIaskell. Am. phys. and edu.
Patterson, Robert Mayne. Am. cl. and author.
Patterson, Thomas H. American naval omcer..
Patti, Adeliua M. C. Operatic singer
Patti Carlo. Spanish violinist in America
Patti Carlotta. Italian vocalist in America IMO
Pattie, James Ohio. American adventurer., 1804
Pattie, Sylvester. American pioneer^ 1/82
Pattison", Dorothy Wvudlow. English nurse ISSi
Pattison, Grauviile S. Scot. edu. and w't in Am. 1/91
Pattison, James. English soldier in America .. 1/24
Pattison, Mark. English author 181,t
Pattison, Robert Emory. Am. lawyer, statesman ItoU
Pattison, Robert Everett. Am. cl.and author... 1800
Pattison, Thomas. American naval ofliccr 1822
Patton, Alfred Spencer. Eng. cl.and writer lS2o
Patton, Francis Landey. American educator.-. ... 1S«
Patton, Jacob Harris. American author 181i
Patton, James. Can. lawyer and statesman 1824
Patton, John Mercer. Am. phys. and jurist , 1/%
Patton, Robert. Irish patriot in America l/5o
Patton, Eobert Bridges. American educator 1/04
Patton, William. Am. clergyman and author. . 1/98
Patton, William Weston. Am. cl and author 1821
Paull. Became pope in 7.57. •,-
PaulII. Became pope m 1464 , JJi.
Paul I,, Petrovitch. Emp. of Rus. Assassinates. i/o4
Paul III. Pope. Alcssnnilro FarnrfC 1468
PaulIV. Pope. Giiiianni Pielro Cnraffa 147()
Paul V. ' Pope. C'lm illo Bornliesc 1552
Paul Augustus Chouteau. American soldier IMJ
Paul, Frederick Wm. Duke of Wurt. Ger. nat. .. 1797
Paul, Gabriel Rene. American soldier 1813
Paul, Henrv Martyn. Am. astronomer, writer.. . ISol
Paul Howard. American author and actor Iboo
Paul' Isabelle F. Eng. actress and vocal, in -Am. 1835
Paul' Jose Jesus. Venezuelan statesman l.'*25
Paul! saiut. Saul. Apostle of the Gentiles I""
Paul de Vincent. See Vincent ue Pavj..
Paul Veronese. See Cagliari, Paolo.
Paula, .■^aint Francis of. See Francis de Paula.
Paulding, Hiram, .\merican rear admiral
Paulding, James Kirke. Am. auth.. politician..
Paulding, John. One of captors of Ma:or .\ndrf .
Paulding, Leonard. American naval orticer
Paulding, William. .\m. lawyer and statesman
Paul! Georg Reiuhold. tierman historian 1823
Paullin, William. American aeronaut 1812
Paullu-moa. Peruvian prince - ■ ■ •. J?'?
Paulus, Heinrlch E. G. German theologian 17bl
Paulus, Lucius .Emilius Roman general B. c. 228
Pausanius. Greek traveler
Pausch, George. Hessian soldier 1/40
Pauthier, Jean P. G. French Chinese scholar 1801
Pauw, van, Cornells. Dutch scholar 1739
Pauwels, Ferdinand. Belgian painter 1830
Pavie, Theodore Marie. Fr. explorerand writer. 1811
Pavy Octave Pierre. Am. e.\plorcr, naturalist. . . 1S44
Paxon, Edward M. American jurist and writer. . 1824
Paxton, Charles. Eng comm'r. of customs in Am 1704
Paxton! Elisha Franklin. .American soldier 1828
Paxton, John R. Am. clergyman and soldier 1843
Paxton, Joseph., Sir. Eng.architect.horticulturist isa?
Paxton, Joseph. American manufacturer 1786
Paxton, Joseph R. Am. lawyer and dramatist. . 1S27
Payan, Elisco. Colombian statesman isas
Payen, Auselme French chemist 1795
Payer, Julius. Austrian exnlorcr 1|42
Payn, James. English novelist 1830
Payne, Charles Henrv. Am. M. E. cl.and author. 1830
Payne, Daniel .\. Aiii. A. M.E. bishop and author ISII
Payne, Devall. .\m. statesman and surveyor 1764
Payne, Edward Duggan. American naval officer, 1836
Payne, Henrv B. American jurist and Senator... 1810
Payne, John." .\merican P. E. bishop ■■ 1815
Payne, John. English poet 1842
Payne, John Howard. .Vmerican dramatist 1/92
Payne, Joseph. British educator. 1808
Payne, William Harold. .\m. educator, author.. 1836
Payne, William Wallace. Xm. edu. and journ — 1837
Payson, Edward. Am. Congregational cl 1783
Payson, Phillips. American cl. and writer 1736
Payson, Seth. American clergyman and writer . 1758
Paz, Jose Maria. Argentine soldier 1789
Paz, Soldan ->Iariono Felipe. Peruvian statesman 1821
Paz, Soldan Mateo. Peruvian law. and author... 1814
Peabody, .Andrew Preston. -\m. theolo.siau 1811
Peabody, Charles Agustus. Am. jurist. statesman 1814
Peabody, Elisabeth Palmer. .\m. teach., philan 1804
Peahody, Ephraim. American cl. and writer. 1807
Peabody, Everett. Am. author and editor ISAJ
Peabody, George. Am. bank, in London, philan 179,-)
Peabody, Joseiih. Am. Revolutionary privateer. 1757
Peabody, .s'athaniel. American soldier.statesman 1741
DIED I
1827
1881
1797
1779
17oS
1,S2G
1769
1854
1S7S
1889
1828
1878
1851
1805
1S84
1874
I8.7S
1814
18:^9
1879
767?
1471
1801
1549
1659
IG21
isoo
1S86
1879
1870
1S78
1860
1818
1867
1854
1882
1871
1550
1851
__ 160
•ccond c
1796
1873
1799
1884
1788
1863
1865
1S61
1867
1871
1883
1830
1874
1852
1876
1827
1801
1820
1854
iseo
1856
1862
1869
l&M
18-13
BORN DIED
Peabody, Oliver William B. Am. clergyman 1799 1848
Peabody, William Bourn O. Am. cl.and editor. 1847
Peacock, Thomas Brower. Am. journalist, poet, . 1862
Peacock, Thomas Love. Euglish poet and novelist 17S5 1866
Peale, -inna Clavpoole. American artist 1791 1878
Peale, Charles Wilson. Am. painter, naturalist. . 1741 1827
Peale, James. American artist 1779 1876
Peale, Raphelle. American artist 1774 1825
Peale, Rembrandt. »•!> nj Chas. n'. Am. painter. 1778 1860
Peale, Sarah M. American artist 1800 1885
Peale, Titian R. American artist and author — 1880 1885
Pearce, Charles Sprague. American artist 1851 —
Pearcc, Cromwell. American soldier 1772 1852
Pearce, Dutee J. Am. lawyer and statesman.. . 1789 1849
Pearce, JaniesH. American lawyer and states'n 1805 1862
Pearce, Zachary. Eng. bishop and commetator.. 1690 1774
Pearse, John b'. American chemist 1842 —
Pearson, Alfred L. Am. lawyer and soldier 1838
Pearson, Eliphalet. American educator 175? 1826
Pearson, George F. American naval officer 1796 1867
Pearson, John. Bp., of Chester. Bug. theologian 1613 1586
Pearson, John J. American jurist 1800 1888
Pearson, Jonathan. Am. educator and author... 1813 —
Pearson, Richard M. .\m. jurist and educator... 1805 1878
Pearsons, DauielK. Am. physician, philanthrop't 1820 ....
Pease, -Alfred 11. Am. musician aud composer. .. 1838 1882
Pease, Calvin. Am. clergyman and educator 1813 1863
Pease, Henrv R. Am. lawyer and statesman 1835 —
Pease, Joseph Ives. Am. engraver and inventor.- 1809 1883
Pease, Phineas. American soldier 1826 ....
Peaselee, Edmund R. Am. phys. and educator.. 1814 18/8
Pecci, Gioachimo. Pope Leo XIII ISIO —
Pech, James. Am. musician and composer 1S30 ..^^
Peck, Ashel. American jurist 1803 18/9
Peck Clarissa C. American philanthropist 1817 1»84
Peck, Ebenczer. Americanjurist.^., .... 1805 1881
Peck Edwin J. Am. merchant, philanthropist. 1806 18/6
Peckl Ferdinand W. American philanthropist. .. 1818 ..^.
Peck George. Am. clergyman aud author 1797 18/6
Peck' George Washington. .American journalist 1817 18S9
Peck' George Weslev. Am. clergyman and author 1849 —
Peck' Henry E. Am. clergyman and diplomat... 1821 1867
Peck! John'James. American soldier 1821 1878
Peck John Mason. Am. Baptist divine, author. . 1/89 18o8
Peck Je=se Truesdell. Am. Methodist bishop.. 1811 1883
Peck! Luther Weslev. Am. clergyman and poet. . 182o .^.
Peck William Dandridge. American naturalist, l/bi 1822
Peck' William Farley. Am. statesman, author.. . 1840
Peck William Cinv. .\m. math, and author Ib20
Peck! William Henry. Am. educator aud author. IsiO
Peckham, Rufus Wheeler. American jurist 1809 18/3
Peckbam Stephen Farnnm. Am. chem., writer. 1839
Peckham! Wheeler Hazard. American lawyer. 18;« ....
Pecquet, Jean. French anatomist, discoverer. IWB 1674
Pedder, James. Am. agriculturist and author, . 177S 1859
Pedley, Charles. Eng. clerg.. author in Canada.. 1821 18/2
Pedrarias-DavUa. First Sp. gov. of S. America.. 14h0 loao
Pedro I. Emperor of Brazil. ; i, ' ■, Ji-V- JSi
Pedro 11 Son uiprrcid. Last emperor of Brazil . 1820 1891
Peebles, Marv Louise. American authoress 1833 ...^
Peel, Robert., Baronet. Eng. cotton manufactuer l^oO 1830
Peel Robert , Sir. Sim of imcui. Eng. statesman 1/88 1860
Peel! Robert., Baronet. ■^■o» ".Cp'-fCf rf. Eng. states 1822
Peele, George. English dramatist...^ ^ Ioi>2 1598
Peele, John Thomas. English artist m America. 1822
Peers, Benjamin Orrs. Am. el., edu. and editor. 800 1842
Peet budlev. American physician and w nter 18.^0 1862
Peet, Edward. American educator ■., : J^^"; JX,
Peet Harvey Prindle. Am. educator and author 1/94 18/3
Peet! Isaac Lewis. Am. educator and writer 1824
Peet Stephen. Am. missionary and author 1/90 1N»
Peet! Stephen Dennison. Am. cl. and editor 1830 ...
Pegram, Kobert Baker. American naval ofhcer. IMl .._
PelramWiHiam Johnson. American soldier. . 1841 I86S
Peirce, Benjamin. American statesman... 1--8 18dl
Peirce Benjamiu. American mathematician ... 1809 1880
Peirce! Benjamin Osgood. Am. physicist, author 1«4 ....
Peirce Bradford Kinney. Ara.cl. and Mithor.. 1819 ..__
Peirce Charles H. Am. physician and chemist. . 814 1855
Peirce Charles Sanders. Am. physicist and writer 1839 ....
Peirce, Ebeuezer Weaver. Am. soldier, author. . 1822 ....
Peirce James Mills. Am. mathematician, author 834 ^
Peirce, Thomas. American poet ...-.,■■. - i'*" i»"
'peirce William. Ship-master, author in-\VInd. ^_ 1641
Peirce, William Shannon. American jurist 1815 1887
Peirsoi.Lvdia Jane Wheeler. Am. authoress .18*2 1862
Peixoto, Ignacio J. A. Brazilian patriot _ _ 1-g 17!«!
Peixotto, Benjamin F. Am. lawyer and dipi.raiat 1834 ^^
PeixottO, Daniel L. M. Dutch physician in Am.. . 1800 1843
Pelage, Magloire. West Indian soldier I/6O 1840
Pelagius. Founder of Pelagianism ,-n?' T«7
Pelby, Rosalie. French American actress 1/J3 1857
Pelby, William. American actor 1/9;* !»"
Pelham, Henrv.. Sir. English statesman 1694 17o4
Pelham, Herbert. English colonist 1602 16/3
Pelham, Peter. English artist m America ..^... ^^_ i/oi
Pelissier,Aimable Jean Jacques. Fr marshal . 1/94 1864
Pellegrini, Pellegrino. Italian artist^ , 1527 ibw:
PeUepart, Pierre. Fr. Jesuit miss, and author . 1606 1667
PELLETAN — PERUZZI
1789
BORN DIED
Pelletan, Pierre Clement Eugene. Fr. author — 1813 1884
Pelletier, Bertrand. French chemist 1761 1797
Pelletier, Charles A.P. Canadian statesman 1837 .
Pelletier, Pierre Joseph. French chemist 1788 1842
Pellican, Conrad. German reformer 1478 1.556
Pellicer, Anthony D. American R. C. bishop 1825 1880
Pellico, Silvio. Italian writer and patriot 1788 1854
Pellissier, Pierre Augustin. Fr. prof, and writer 1819 ..-.
Pelopidas. Theban general B.C. ... 364
Peloubet, Francis Nathan. Congregational cl 1731
Pelouze, Louis Henry. American soldier 1841 1878
Pelouze. Thiophile Jules. French chemist 1807 1867
Pemberion, Ebenezer. American clergyman 1671 1717
Pemberton, Ebenezer. Am. Presby. clergyman. , 1704 1779
Pemberton, Israel. American merchant." 1685 1754
Pemberton, Israel. American philanthropist 1715 1779
Pemberton, James. American merchant 1723 1808.
Pemberton, John. Am Quaker preacher, author. 1727 1795
Pemberton, John Clifford. American soldier.. .. 1814 1881
Pemberton, Phineas. English colonist 1650 1702
Pemberton, Thomas. American historian 172S 1807
Pena y Pena, Manuel de la. President of Mexico 1789 1850
Pender, ^Villiam Dorsey. American soldier 1S34 1863
Pender, \Villiam D. Confederate general 1863
Pendergrast, Austin, .\merican naval officer. . ., 1829 1874
Pendergrast, Garrett Jesse. Am. naval officer... 1802 1862
Pendleton, Edmund, .\merican statesman 1721 1803
Pendleton. Edmund M. .Vm. chemist, physician. 1815 1S84
Pendleton, Georsre Hunt. .-Vm. statesman 1825 ...
Pendleton, Henry- American jurist 1750 1789
Pendleton, James M. Am. cleigyman, author 1811 ....
Pendleton, Nathaniel. American jurist 1756 1821
Pendleton, Nathauiel G. .\m. lawyer, ijtatesman 1793 1861
Pendleton, William X. Am. clergyman, educator 1809 1883
Penhallow, Samuel. Eng. historian in America 1665 1726
Penick, Charles C. Am. P. E. bishop and author 1843 ....
Penieres, de, Jean .-Vugustin. Fr. states., writer 1762 1820
Pentngton, Edward. American author 1667 1711
Penington, Edward. Am. statesman and author 1726 1796
Penlngton, Henry. American lawyer 1807 1858
Penington, John. American bibliographer 1799 1867
Penington, Meta Roberts. .American authoress. . 1837 1885
Penn, Granville. English author 1761 1844
Penn, Hannah. Second wife of William 1733
Penn, John. Quaker descendant of William 1700 1746
Penn, John. Eng. Lieut. governorof Pennsylvania 1729 1795
Penn, Jolin. .\m. signer of Decl. of Independence 1741 1788
Penn, John. English governor and author in Am 1760 l.s:t4
Penn, Richard. Proprietary aud titular gov. in Am 1710 1771
Penn, Richard. Eng. lieut. gov. of Pennsylvania 17.35 l.sil
Penn, Richard. English author 1S63
Penn, Thonias. Eng. descendant of William 1702 1775
Penn, William. Eng. Quaker. Founder of Penna. 1644 1718
Penn, William. EUti si soni)/ William. 1C76 1720
Penn, William. American Quaker. 1703 1747
Penn, William. Eng. writer in America 1776 1845
Pennant, Thomas. Eng. naturalist, antiquary. . 1726 1798
Pennell, Henry C. Eng. scientist and author. . . . 1837 . .
Pennethorne, James. , Sir. English architect 1.S71
Pennington, .\aron S. .\m. lawyer, statesman.. . 1800 1.S69
Pennington, Alexander C. M. Am. law., soldier. 1810 1867
Pennington, Samuel. .Vm, editor and statesman 1765 1835
Pen'nington, Samuel H. Am. physician, writer.. 1806
Pennington, William. .American statesman 1796 1862
Pennington, William S. American jurist 1757 1826
Pennock, .vliixander M. .\merican naval officer. 1813 1876
Pennock, Barclay. .\m. traveler and author. ... 1821 1859
Pennock, Casper W. Am. phys. and writer 1799 1867
Penny, Virginia. American authoress 1826 ....
Pennybacker, Isaacs. .\m. jurist and statesman 1807 1817
Pennypacker, Elijah F. American lawyer 1.S04 1888
Pennypacker, Galusha. American soldier 1844 ....
Pennypacker, Samuel ^V. Am. lawyer and writer 1843 .V.
Penrose, Boies. Am. lawyer and statesman 1860 ....
Penrose, Charles B. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1798 1857
Penrose, Richard .\. T. Am. phys. and educator.. 1827 ....
Penrose, W'illiam Henry, .\mefican soldier 1832 ....
Pentecost, George F. A.ra. evangelist and author 1843
Peon y Contreras, Jose. Mexican poet 1843
Pepin. The SImrt. King of the Franks 714? 768
Pepper, George. .\m. physician and writer 1841 1872
Pepper, Geo. Dana Boardman. .Vm. Bap. cl 183:^
Pepper, William. .\m. physician and writer 1810 1864
Pepper, William. Am. physician and author 1843 ...
Pepperell, W'illiam., Sir. ..American general 1696 1759
Pepiisch, Johaun Christoph. Ger. composer . . . 1667 17.5'2
Pepys, Samuel. English writer ^ 1032 1703
Peralta, Barnuevo Pedro. Peruvian author 1663 1743
Peralta, de, Gaston, Marq.dc F. Viceroy of Mex 1520 1580
Perce, Elbert. .Vmerican author and inventor 1831 1869
Perceval, John. Earl of Egmont. Irish colonist. 1680 174.S
Perceval, Spencer. Prime minister of England.. 1762 1812
Perche, Napoleon Joseph. Fr. Archbishop in Am 1805 1883
Percheron, Etienne. Fr. Jesuit miss, in Canada 1613 1675
Percier, Charles. French architect 1764 1838
Percival, James Gates. -Vi.i. poet and geologist. . 179.i 18.56
Perclval, John, .\merican naval officer 1779 1862
Percy, George. English governor in America .. 1586 1632
Percy, Henrv. ItntKjiur. Slain at Shrewsbury 1364 1403
BORN DIED
Percy, Hugh. Duke of Northum. Eng. sold'r Am 1742 1817
Percy, Thomas. English bishop 1729 1811
Percy, William. Eng. cl. and author in Am 1744 1819
Pereira, Antonio. Brazilian missionary 1641 1702
Perelra, Jonathan. English physician 1804 185S
Pereira, Jose Clemente. Port, states'n in Brazil. 1787 1854
Pereira, Nuuo Marquis. Brazilian theologian.. .. 1652 1718
Pereira, da, Silva Joav Manoel. Braz. author 1818
Pereire, Isaac. Founder of Crijdit Mobilier 1806 1880
Pereire, Jacob E., iioWifr. Fdr. CrC'dit Mobilier.. 1800 1875
Perez, Antonio. Spanish statesman. . 1539 1611
Perez, Josi? Joaquin. President of Chili 1801
Perez, Jos<5 Joaquin. West Indian author 1845
Perez, Pedro Ildefonso. Mexican poet 1826 1869
Perez, Santiago. Colombian states'n, diplomat. . 1830
Perez, de, Zambrano Luisa. Cuban authoress. .. . 1837 ....
Perez Galdos, Benito. Spanish novelist 1845 ...
Pergolesi, Ciiovauni B. Italian composer 1710 17.36
Pernam, Sidney. .American statesman 1819
Pericles. Athenian statesman b. c. 49.5? 429
Perier or Caslmir-Perler, Auguste C. V. L. Fr. st 1811 1876
Perier, Casimir. Fr. financier and statesman 1777 1832
P6rier, Paul P. J. Caaimir. French politician... 1847
Perinchief, Octavius. W. Indian clerg. in Am... 1829 1877
Perit, Pelatiah. Am. merchant and benefactor... 1785 1864
Perizonlus, Jacobus. Dutch philologist 1651 1715
Perkins, Charles C. American art critic 1823 1886
Perkins, Elisha. American physician 1741 1799
Perkins, Frederic B. .Vm. librariau and author.. 1828
Perkins, C^eorge H. American naval officer 1836
Perkins, George H. Am. naturalist and writer.. , 1844
Perkins, George R. American mathematician, .. 1812 1876
Perkins, Granville. American artist 1830
Perkins, Henry S. Am. musical composer 1833 ...
Perkins, Jacob. Am. mechanician and inventor. 1766 1849
Perkins, James Breck. American author. 1847
Perkins, James H. Am. editor and author 1810 1849
Perkins, Jonathan C. Am. jurist and author 1809 1877
Perkins, Joseph. American capitalist 1819 1885
Perkins, Julius Edson. Am. vocalist aud com 1845 1875
Perkins, Justin. Am. missionary in Persia 1805 1869
Perkins, Maurice. .Vm, chemistand author 1836 ...
Perkins, Nathan. Am. Cong, clergyman 1749 1838
Perkins, Samuel. .Vmerican author 1767 1850
Perkins, Samuel E. Am. jurist and educator isil 1879
Perkins, Simon. .Vmerican pioneer 1771 1844
Perkins, Thomas H. Am. states, philanthropist. 1764 1854
Perkins, William O. Am. musical composer 1831 ....
Perley, Henry Fulton. Canadian engineer. 1831 ....
Perley, Ira. American jurist 1799 1874
Perot, Thomas Morris. American chemist 1828
Perouse, La. See La Pekocse, De.
Perraud,J.J. French sculptor. , . 1821 1876
Perrault, Charles. French author 1628 1703
Perrault, Claude. Brother oj Chnrlcs. B'r. arch., . 1613 1688
Perreault, Francis J. Canadian author 1750 1844
Perrein, Jean. Fr. naturalist, writer in Am 17.50 1805
Perrens, Fran^^ois Tommy. French historian .., 1822
Perret, Jacques. Fr. missionary and author 1.595 1674
Perrln, Abner Monroe. American soldier 1829 1864
Perrin, EloiPhilibett. French colonist 1674 1713
Perrln, Pierre. Reputed first writer of Fr. operas 1620 1680
Perrinet, Charles G. W. lud. phys. and author. . 1791 1849
Perrone, Giovanni. Italian theologian 1794 1876
Perronet, Jean Bodolphe. Fr. civil engineer 1708 1794
Perrot, Georges. French archa?ologist 1832 ....
Perrot, Nicolas. French explorer 1697
Perrot, Pierre. Pirrre Frnm-. Fr. buccaneer 1632 1681
Perrotet, Gustave Samuel. Fr. explorer, author 1793 1867
Perry, Alexander James. .Vmerican soldier 1828 ...
Perry, Amos. American diplomat and author.. .. 1812 ....
Perry, Arthur L. .Vm. economist and author 1830
Perry, Benjamin F. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1805 1886
Perry, Christopher Raymond. Am. naval officer. 1761 1818
Perry, Edward A. Am", lawyer and governor 18.33
Perry, Eli. .Vmerican philanthropist 1799 1881
Perry, Enoch Wood. .Vmerican artist 1831
Perry, Horatio Jtistus. .Vmerican diplomatist... 1824 ....
Perry, Matthew C. Bni.ofO.U. Am. commodore 1794 1858
Perry, Nora.' .Vmerican authoress 1841 ...
Perry, Oliver Hazard. American commodore.. .. 1785 1819
Perry, Sarah .Vlexander. Irish patriot in .Vm 1768 1830
Perry, Stephen J. English priest and physician. 1833
Perry, Tliomas Sergeant. American author 1845 ....
Perry, William. .-Vmerican physician 1788 l.*s87
Perry, William Havne. Am. lawyer and statesm. 1837
Perry, William Stevens. -Vm. P. E. bp. and au. . . 1832
Persiani, <Tiuseppi. Italian musical composer... 1801 1869
Persico, Ignatius. Italian R. C. bishop 1823 ....
Persigny.de, Jean G. V. F., Due Fr. statesm. .. 1808 1872
Persius Flaccus. .Vulus. Roman satirical poet.. 34 62
Person, Thomas.' American patriot 1740 1779
Persoon, christian H. Dutch botanist 1770? 1836
Persoz, Jt.'ini Francois. French chemist 1805 186S
Perthes, Friedrich Christoph. Ger. publisher. .. 1772 1843
Perty, Joseph .Vnton Maximilian. Ger. naturalist 1804 1884
Pertz, Georg Heinrich. Cierman historian 1795 1876
Perugino, II. Pirtrn Vnniiuci-i. Italian paiuter,. 1446 152S
Peruzzi, Baldassare da Siena. Italian architect.. 1460 15.3S
1790
PES A DO — PICKENS
BORN DIED
PesadO Jose Joaquin. Mex. statesm. and author. 1801 1S61
PescUail Ferdinaud \Vm. E. Ger. Luth. cl. and au 1849 ....
Peschel, Oskar Fevdiuaud. Germau geographer.. 1826 187o
Pessao Jose EUoy. Brazilian soldier, educator.. 1/92 1841
Pestaldzzi, Johauu H. Swiss educationist 1746 1S27
Petau, Denis. French chrouologist loSo IbM
Peter 1 Alexeievitch. Czar of Russia 1672 172o
Peter ttie Hermit. Preacher of the first crusade. 1050? 1115
Peter Robert. English chemist and author 1805 —
Peter' Sarah. Amoricau philanthropist 1800 1877
Peter 'Martyr ui- Vermlgli, Pietro. It. theol 1500 1562
Peterhorougli, Charles M., earl of. Brit, gen 1662 ](o5
Peterkin, George W. Am P. E. bishop, writer. . . 1841 . . .^
Petermann, -August H. Germau geographer. . 1822 1878
Petermann, Julius Hemrich. Ger orientalist... 1806 18/6
peters Absalom. .American clerg. and writer. . . 179b 1869
peters' Adolf. German mathematician and poet. 1803 1876
peters' Christian Friedrich August. Ger. astron 1806 1880
peters! Christian rienrvF. Ger.-Am. astron 1813 1890
peters Edward Dver. American metallurgist. . . 1849 —
peters' George N.H. Am. Luth. el. and writer. . 182o
peters' Hugh. English jireacher and politician. . 1599 1660
peters, Johu Charles. Am. physician, author.. .. 1819 ....
peters John Thompson. American jurist 1765 1834
peters, Richard. Eng. P. E. clergyman in Am. . . . 1704 1776
peters, Richard. Am. lawyer and writer.. 1780 1848
peters, Samnel. American clergyman, author l/o5 182b
peters Samuel Jarvis. Can. merch., bank pres... 1801 1855
peters Wllhelm Karl H. German naturalist 1815 1883
peters! Wilhelm Karl L. German zoologist.- 1815 1884
peters William. C. Eng. mus., composer in Am. 1805 1866
Petersen, Johan E. C. Dan. sol. and artist in Am. 1839 1874
Petersen, Niels Matthias. Dan. philol., historian 1791 1862
petersilea, Curlvle. Am. musician and inventor. 1844 —
Peterson Arthur. Am. naval officer and poet ... 1851
Peterson Charles J. Am. publisher and author. . 1819 1887
Peterson, Hannah M. B. Am. astron., authoress. 1811 1870
Peterson, Henry. Am. publisher and author 1818 —
Peterson, Robert E. Am. physician aud author.. 1812 ....
Peterson, Sarah Webb. Editress and poetess 1820 —
Peterson, Theophilus B. American publisher.... 1S21 ....
Petisru, James Louis. American lawyer 1789 1863
pition Alex. Firstpres. of Republic of Hayti... 1770 1818
P6tion de VUleneuve. Jerfiine. Fr.rev 17.o3 1794
petit, Jean Louis. French surgeon 1674 17,-)0
Petitot, Jean. Genevese enamel painter.. 1607 1691
Petofl Sdndor. Hun. patriot and lyric poet 1822 1819?
Petrarch (/(«/. Petrarca), Fraucesco. Ital. poet. 1304 1374
Petri, Beruhard. German agricultural writer 1767 l.s.54
Petrle George. Irish arch;eologist 1789 1866
Petrle, W. M. Flinders. Euglish Egyptologist.... 1853 ....
Pettee Otis. American inventor 1795 1853
Pettee William Henrv. Am. miningengineer.... 1838
Pettenkofer, Von, Max. German chemist 1818 1847
Pettie,Johu. Scotch painter 1839 ..^.
Pettigrew, Charles. American P. E. clergyman.. 1/48 1807
Pettigrew, Ebeuezer. American statesman 1783 1848
Pettigrew, James J. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1828 1863
Pettingill, ."^mos. Am. clergyman and author... 1780 1830
Pettingill, John H. Am. clergyman and author.. 1815 1.887
Pettit, Charles. American patriot 1736 1806
Pettit, John. American jurist and statesman 1807 1877
Pettit, Thos. McKean. American jurist, writer.. . 1797 1853
Petty William., Sir. Eng political economist. . . 1623 1687
Peuce'r, Kaspar. Ger. phys. and mathematician.. 1525 1602
Peucker, von,Eduard. German general 1791 1876
Peurhacn, Johann. German astronomer 1423 1461
Peutlnger, Konrad. German antiquarian author 1465 1547
Payer, Jouann Konrad. Swiss anatomist 1653 1712
Peyrat, Napoleon. French poet and historian — 1809 —
Peyri .Antoulo. Spanish miss, in America — 1765 n/(. 1832
Peyronnet.de, Charles Ignace,Comte. Fr. states 1778 1854
Peyton Balie. American lawyer and diplomat... 1803 1878
Peyton, Ephraim Geoffrey. American jurist 1802 1876
Pejrton, John Howe. American law. and states.. . 1778 1847
Peyton, John Lewis. Am. lawyer and author 1824 —
Pezet, Juan Antonio. Peruviau soldier, president 1806 —
Pfaff, (ihristop Matthaus. Ger. Prot. theologian. 1686 1760
Pfeiffei^Carl. Germau architect in America 1834 1888
Pfeiffer, Ida., Madame. German traveler 1797 1858
Pfeiffer, Ludwig Georg. Ger. phys. and author... 1805 1877
Pfleger-Moransky, Gustavus. Bohemian poet... 1834 1875
Pfyffer, Casimir. Swiss lawyer and writer 1794 1874
Phelan, James. .\m. Congressman and author. .. 1856
Phelan, James. American jurist and statesman.. 1820 1873
PUelan, John Dennis. Am. jurist and educator. . 1809 1879
Plielan, Michael. Irish billiard-player in -America 1816 1871
Phelps,' .Abner. -American physician and writer.. 1779 1873
Phelps, .Almira Hart Lincoln. -Am. teacher 1793 1884
Phelps, Amos -\ugustus. Am. cl. and author 1805 1847
Phelps, -\uson Greene. .\m. merch. and philan.. 1781 1853
Phelps, -Austin. -American divine 1821 1890
Phelps Charles Edward. -\m. jurist and soldier. 1833 —
Phelps, Edward John. Am. lawyer and diplomat 1822 ....
Phelps Elisha. American statesman 1779 1847
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. American writer 1815 1852
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. American novelist — 1844 . . ._
Phelps, Geo. Dwight. -\merican philanthropist.. 1803 1872
Phelps, Geo May. Am. invento, manufacturer... 1820 1888
BORN DIED
Phelps, Guy Rowland. American capitalist 1802 1869
Phelps, John, -\merican merchant and soldier. . 1824 1886
Phelps, John Smith. -\ni. lawyer and statesman. 1814 1886
Phelps, John Wolcot. .American soldier 1813 1885
Phelps, Noah, .A.merican patriot 1740 1809
Phelps, Noah -A. Am. statesman aud writer 178S 1872
Phelps, Oliver. Am. merchant. and statesman... . 1749 1809
Phelps, Roval. American merchant 1809 1884
Phelps, Samuel Shethar. -\mericau jurist 1793 1855
Phelps, Sylvanus D. .\m. clergyman and author, 1816
Phelps, Thomas Stowell' .\m. naval officer 1822 —
Phelps, William. English colonist in America. .. 1599 1672
Phelps William F. Am. educator aud author — 1822 ...
Phelps, William W. Am. Mormon elder, author. 1792 1872
Phelps William W. ,\m. lawver and statesman.. 1839
Phidias. Famous Cireek sculptor B.C. 500? 4327
Philarete, Basil DrozdofE. Russian prelate 1782 1867
Philhrick, Johu D. -Am. educator and author — 1818 1886
Philes George Philip. Am. biblographer 1828 —
Philip. Kinh PhiUp. Indian chief of Kew Eng 1676
Philip II. King of Macedon B.C. 382 336
Philip II. or Philip Augustus. King of France.. 116o 1223
Philip IV. Thr Fair. King of France 1268 1314
Philip VI., of Valois. Kingof France 1293 1350
PhilipII. Kingof Spain 1627 1598
Philip IV. King of Spam 1605 1665
Philip V. First of the House of Bourbon. K. Sp. 1683 1746
Philip Neri, Saint. SeeNEEi, de'
Philip the Bold. Duke of Burgundy 1312 1404
Philip the Good. Duke of Burgundy 1396 1467
Philippoteaux, Felix Emmanuel H. Fr. painter. 1815
Philippoteaux, Paul. French painter 1846 ....
Philippovich, Jos., Baron de Phillip'g. Aust.gen. 1818 1889
Philips, -\mbrose. English poet and dramatist.. 1671 1749
Philips, Samuel. -Am. clergyman and author 1823 ....
Philipse, Frederick. Dutch proprietor in Am. .. 1626 1702
Philipse, Frederick, -\merican statesman 1690 17ol.
Philipse Frederick. -Am. statesman, benefactor. 174b 1/85
Phillimore, John George, English jurist. ......... 1809 186S
Phillimore, Robert Joseph.. Baronet. Eng. jurist. 1810 1885
Phillip, John., R. A. Euglish p.Hi-f painter 1817 1^7
Phillips, -Adelaide. -\nglo--Anierican smger 1833 188i
Phillips, Barnet. Am. piscalologist and writer. ,. 1828 ....
Phillips George. Eng. -Am. clergyman, writer. .. 1593 1644
Phillips! George S. Eng. journ author in -Am. .. 1818 ....
Phillips, Henrv M. American lawyer 1811 1884
Phillips James. Eng.. Am. clergyman, educator 1/92 1867
Phillips John. Am. merchant, philauthropist.. 1719 1/95
Phillips John. First mayor of Boston, Mass 1770 1823
Phillips, John. British geologist 1800 1874
Phillips, Lawrence B. Eng. horologist, painter. . 1842 ....
Phillips, Morris. Euglish journalist in Am 18.34
Phillips, Philip. -Am. vocalist and composer.... 1834 ._^^
Phillips, Samuel. Am. clergyman andwriter 1690 1771
Phillips, Samuel, Jr. American statesman 17d1 1802
Phillips, Stephen C. -Am. states, and philan 1801 1857
Phillips, Watts. English dramatist... 1829 1874
PhUIlps Wendell. American orator and reformer 1811 1884
Phillips, Willard. Am. lawyer and writer. 1784 18/3
Phillips, William. English soldier in America. .. 1/31 1781
Phillips William. -Am. statesman and benefactor 1/50 1827
Phillips! William. Eng. mineralogist, geologist. 1773 1828
PhiUips, William Wirt. American clergyman. . . . 1796 1865
Philooemen. Greek general and statesman ...b.c. 252? 18o
Phin, Johu. Scottish-Am.scien. and educator... m2 .___
Phin Spencer. -American statesman ibsa uai
PhipsoiPhipps, William., Sir. Gov. of Mass.... 16ol 1695
Phocion. Athenian statesman aud genetal. . . B.C. 402 31/
Phoebus, William, -\merican clergyman. ...... I.a4 1831
Phoenix, Stephen Whitney. .Am. antiq. and w r. . 1839 1881
Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople 816 891
Physick, Philip Syng. Am. physician, surgeon. . . 1768 1837
Piar, Minuel Carlos. W.Indian soldier 1-82 1817
Piatt, Abram S. Am. soldier and statesman 1821 ...
Piatt, Donn. American jurist and author 1819 .._■
Piatt, Jacob Wykoft. American lawyer. 1801 1857
Piatt, John Hooper. American merchant 1781 18«
Piatt, John James. American poet. ... ^ 18^5 .^
Piatt Louise Kirby. Am. authoress in America. . 1826 1864
Piatt, Sarah Morgan Bryan. American poetess. . 1836 . .^
Plazzl, Giuseppe. Italian astronomer... 174b 1»A
Picard, George Henry. Am. phys and author 1850 .^
Picard, Jean." French astronomer. 1620 IWi
Picard, Jean Germain. French author 18* ...^
Picard, Louis Benoit. Fr. dramatist. ... l/b» 16^
Picard Lor.is Francois. French dramatist ^. l,b9 1828
Picard Louis Joseph Ernest. French statesman. 1821 1877
Piccini m- Piccinni, Nfcolo. Neapolitan composer 1728 1800
Piccolomini, Alessindro. Ital. prelate and philos 1508 1578
P ceo oSiEi Ottavio. -^us.gen, of Italian origm 1599 lg6
Pichardo y Tapia, Esteban. Cuban author 1799 1879
Pichegru, Charles. French general 1761 1804
Pichler, Aloys. German author 183^ l»7i
Pichler, von, Karoline. German novelist.. ...... 1^69 1843
Pichot, AmMee. French author and translator.. 1/96 1877
Pick, Beruhard. Prus. cl. and author in America 1842 ...^
Plcken, Andrew B. Scot, artist and poet m Can. 1801 18«
Plcken Joanna B. Scottish poetess in Canada... 1798 1849
Pickens, Andrew. Am. Revolutionary general. .. 1-39 1817
PICKENS — PLATEL
1791
BORN DIED
Pickens, Francis Wilkinson. Am. states'n, diplo 1?>05 latiO
Pickens, Israel. Am. jurist and statesman 17«0 1827
Pickering, Charles. Am. naturalist aud author, . 1S0.3 1878
Pickering, Charles Whipple. Am. naval officer. , 1815 1888
Pickering, Edward Charles. Am. astrou.. author 1846
Pickering, Henry. American poet. 1781 1831
Pickering, John. American jurist 1737 1805
Pickering, John. Am. jthilologist, juri?>r 1777 1846
Pickering, Octavius. Am. natiiralist and writer 1791 1868
Pickering, Timothy. Am. Revolutioimry states.. 1745 1829
Pickering, William H. Am. astronomer.' writer. . 1858 ...
Pickersgill. British painter 1782 1S75
Pickersgill, Fredei'ick R. Kug. historical painter 1820 —
Pickett, *-ieorg;e Edward, American general 1825 1875
Pickett, James C. Am. soldier aud statesman. . . 1793 1872
Picknell, William Lamb. American artist 1854 ....
Pico della Hira^dola. See Mir.\ndola.
Picot, Auguste Emile. Fr. philo., bibliographer. . 1844 —
Picot, Georges Marie Ren<^. Fr. historian IHSS . . .
Picot, Michel Joseph Pierre. French writer 1770 1841
Picou, Heury Pierre. French painter 1824 —
Picquet, Frau^'ois. Fr. missionary in America... 1808 1781
Pictet, Francois Jules. Swiss naturalist 1792 1872
Pictet, I^Iarc Auguste. Swiss physicist 1752 1825
Picton, John Moore White. Am. surgeon and edu 1804 1858
Picton, Thomas. Am. soldier and journalist 1H22
Pictou, James Allanson.. Sir. Eug. archeeologist 1S06 1888
Pierce, Byron Root. American soldier 1829 ....
Pierce, Edward Lillie. American author 1829
Pierce, Franklin. Fourteenth president of U.S.. 1804 1869
Pierce, Frederick Clifton. American author 1856
Pierce, George E. Am. clergyman aud educator.. 1794 1871
Pierce, George Foster. American M. E. bishop. . . 1811 1884
Pierce, Henry Lillie. American statesman 1825 —
Pierce, Henry N. Am. P. E. bishop and author.. . 1820 —
Pierce, John. Am, clergyman and antiquary. , . . 1773 1849
Pierce, John D. Am, clergyman and educator 1797 1882
Pierce, Lovick. ,Am. clergyman and educator, .. . 1785 1879
Pierce, William." American statesman 1740 1806
Pierce, Winslow S. Am. pioneer and educator, . . 1819 1888
Pierer, Heinrich August. German publisher 1794 1850
Piero de FrancescM. Italian painter 1415 1492
Pierola, de, Nicolas. Peruvian sold., statesman. 1S39 ...
Pierola, de, Nicolas. Peruvian naturalist 1798 1857
Pierpont, John. American poet 1785 1866
Pierrepont, Edwards. American jurist, writer... 1817 1892
Pierrepont, Henry Evelyn. American surveyor. 1808 1888
Pierrepont, Hci^ekiah Beers. American merchant 1768 l83Ji
Pierrepont '"" Pierpont, James, Am. clergyman, 1659 17K
Pierrepont, William C. Am. scientist, philan. . . 1803 1885
Pierron, Pierre Alexis. French Hellenist 1814 1878
Pierrpont, ^dward. Am. traveler, diplomat 1860 1885
Pierson, Abraham. Am. divine. First pres. Y. Col 1641 1707
Pierson, Hamilton Wilcox. Am. cl. and educator 1817 ....
Pigafetta, Francisco A. Italian navigator 1491 1535
Pigalle, Jean Baptiste. French sculj'tor 1714 1785
Pigault-Lebrun, Charles Antoine Guillaume 1753 1835
Piggot, Robert. Am. P. E. cl. and engraver 1795 1887
Pignotti, Lorenzo. Italian poet aud historian... 1739 1812
Pigot, Robert.. Sir., Bart. English soldier 1720 1796
Pijnaker <"■ pynaker, Adam. Dutch land, paint 1621 1673
Pike, Albert. American poet ,... 1809 1891
Pike, Austin Franklin. American statesman 1819 1886
Pike, Francis West Atherton. Am. authoress .. 1819
Pike, Freiierick Augustus. Am. statesman 1817 1886
pike, James Sheperd. Am. journ. and diplomat. . 1811 1882
Pike, Mary Haydeu Green, Am. authoress 1825
Pike, Zel'ulon Montgomery. Am. brigadier gen. . 1779 1813
Pilat, IgUHtz Anton, Aust. land.-gard. in Am 1820 1870
Pilatre de Rozier, Jean Francois, Fr. aeronaut. . 1756 1785
Pilcher, Elijah Homes. Am. el. and educator ... 1810 1887
Pile, William A. Am. clergyman add diplomat. . . 1839 ....
Pilians, James. Prof, of Edinburgh University. . 1778 1864
Pilling, James Constantine. Am. philologist 1846
Pillow, Gideon Johnson. American soldier 1806 1878
Pillsbury, Amos. Am. prison superintendent — 1805 1873
Piilsbury, Parker. American reformer 1809
Pilmore, Joseph. Eng. clergyman and benefactor 1739 1825
Piloty, von, Karl Thebdor. German painter 1826 1886
Pilpay or Bidpay. Hindu fabulist unkiwwn
Pim, Bedford C. Trevelyan. Eng. Arctic explorer 1826 1886
Pimentel, Mauoel. Spanish geographer 1650 1719
Pina, Ramon. Cuban author 1819 1861
Plnart, Louis Alphonse. Fr. linguist, explorer. . . 1852
Pincllback, Pinckney B.S. American statesman 1837 ....
Pincheira, Jose Antonio. Chilian guerilla 180l 1850
Pinckney, Charles. American statesman 1758 1824
Pinckney, Charles C. Am. Revo. officer and states 1746 1825
Pinckney, Henry L. Am, statesman and writer , 1794 -1863
Pinckney, Richard Shubrick. U. S. naval officer 1797 1854
Pinckney, Thomas. Bro. of C. C. Am gen. and dip 1750 1828
Pindar. Greek Ivric poet b c. .522 422
Pindar, John Hothersall. Eng. colonial author. . 1794 1868
Pindar, Susan, American authoress 1820 —
Pindemonte, Ippolito. Italian poet 1753 1828
Pine, Robert Edge, English artist in America 1788
Pineda, Juan de. Spanish soldier 1520 1606
Pinel, .Tacques. French buccaneer 1640 1693
Pinel, Philippe. Fr. physician for the insane 1745 1826
BORN DIED
Pinelli, Bartolommeo. Ptr. and etcher at Rome.. 1790 1835
Pinelli, Luigi Pompeo. Italian poet 1840
Pineyro, Enrique. Cuban author and journalist. 1839
Pingre, Alexandre Gui. French astronomer 1711 1796
Pingree, Samuel E. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1832
Pinkerton, Allan. Scottish detective in Am. 1819 1884
Pinkerton, John, Scottish author 1758 1826
Pinkhani, William C. Canadian. P. E, bishop 1844
Pinkney, Edward C, Eng. lawy'r. poet in Am.. . . 1802 1828
Pinkney, Frederick. American journalist 1804 1873
Pinkney, Niuiau. Am. traveler and author 1776 1825
Pinkney, Niuian. American surgeon, orator 1811 1877
Pinkney, William. Am. lawyer, oratot, diplomat 1764 1822
Pinkney, William. American P. E. bishop 1810 1883
Pinney, Norman. Am. clergyman and author. . . . 1800 1862
Pinsker, Siuicha. Austrian-Jewish scholar 1801 1883
Pinsonneault, Peter A. Can, R. C. bishop 1815 1883
Pinsuti, Ciro. Italian composer 1829
Pintard, John, Am. editor and i)hilanlhropist. . . 1759 1844
Pintard, Lewis. American merchant 1732 1818
Pinto, Alexandre A. de R. S. It. geogranhical w'r 1846
Pinto, Anibal, Chilian president. 1824 1884
Pinto, Beuto Teixeira. Brazilian poet 1610
Pinto, Fernfio Mendez. Port, author of travels. .,. 1509 1582
Pinto, Francisco Antonio. Chilian statesman 1785 1858
Pinzon, Arias Martin. Spanish navigator 1465 1510
Pinzon, Francisco Martin. Spanish pilot 1462 1500
Pinzon, Martin A. Spanish nav. with Columbus.. 1441 1493
Pinzon, A'icente Y, Spanish nav. with Columbus 1460? 1524?
Piombo del. Sebastiano. Luciano. Ital. painter. . 1485 1547
Piorry, Pierre Adolphe, French physician 1794 1879
Piozzi, Mrs. Hester, Mrs. Thrale. Eng. authoress 1739 1821
Piper, Richard Upton, American physician 1818
Piranesi, Giambatlista, Italian engraver 1720 1778
Piris, Francisco, Port, missionary and author. . . 1520 1586
Piron, Alexis. French dramatist and poet 1689 1773
Pisano, Andrea. Italian jiainter 1270? 1348
Pisano, Giovanni. Ital. architect and sculptor... 1250 1330,
Pisano, Nicola. Italian sculptor 1226 1273
Pisaref, Dimitry. Ru- philosoyiher. essayist 1840 1868
Pisistratus. Athenian ruler or tyrant B.C. 612 527
Piskaret, Simon. Canadian Algonquin chief 1602 1646
Pison, Willem. Dutch naturalist, physician 1596 1681
Pistorius, Hermau Alexander. German poet.,.. 1811 1877
Pircairn, Major J. Eng, officer killed at B, Hill.. 1740? 1775
Pitcher, Nathaniel. Am. statesman, governor. , , 1777 1836
pitcher, Thomas Gamble. American soldier. ,, - 1824 —
Pitcher, Zina. American physician and author.. 1797 1872
Pitchlynn, Peter P. American Choctaw chief.... 1806 1881
PithOU, Pierre. French jurist and author 1539 1596
Pitkin, Frederick Walker. Am. lawyer, states'n. 1837 1886
Pitkin, George. American soldier 1709 1806
Pitkin, John. American statesman 1707 1790
Pitkin, Joseph, Am. statesman and soldier 1696 1762
Pitkin, Timothy. Am. clergyman and educator. . 1727 1812
Pitkin, Timothy. Am. lawyer and author 1766 1847
Pitkin, William. Eng. educator and statesman.. 163o 1694
Pitkin, William. American jurist 1664 1723
Pitkin," William. American statesman 1694 1769
Pitkin, William. American jurist and soldier 1725 1789
Pitman, Benn. Eng, stenog.. author in Am 1822
Pitman, Isaac. Eng, inventor of phonography... 181.^
Pitman, Marie J. American authoress 1850
Pitou, Louis Ange. French author 1769 1828
Pitra, Jean Baptiste. French cardinal 1812 1889
Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham. Eng. states. 1708 1778
Pitt, William. English statesman and orator 1759 1806
Fittenger, William. Am. soldier and author,,,. 1840 —
Pitts, Edmund Levi. Am. lawyer and statesman 1839
Pitts, James. American merchant and patriot. . . 1712 1776
Pitts, John. American statesman 1738 1815
Pitts, Lendall, American patriot 1737 1787
Pitts, Thomas. American soldier. 1776 1836
Pitzer, Alexander White. Am, cl. and educator. . 1834 ...
Pius, I. (I/O?. Pio,) Saint. Pope 90? 157
Pius II. Pope. Eneo Si/lvio Pirrolomini 1405 1464
Pius IV. Pope. Giayianiido dt:' Medici 1499 3565
Pius V. Pope. Saint. Michcle. Gh islicri 1504 1572
Pius VI. Pope. Gianayigclo Branch i 1717 1799
Pius VII. Pope. Greg. Barnaba Luifji Chiaramonti 1742 3823
Pius IX. Pope. Giovairyii Maria Mastni-Frrrctti. .. 1792 1878
Pi y Margall, Francisco. Spanish politician — 1824 —
Pizarro, Francisco. Conqueror of Peru 1496 3541
Pizarro, Gonzalo. Spanish soldier and explorer. 1506 l&id
Pizarro, Hernando. Spanish soldier 1474 1578
Pizarro, Juan. Spanish soldier 1500 1536
PiZZi, Italo. Italian orientalist 1849
Placide, Henry. American actor 1799 1870
Placide, Thom'as. American actor 1808 1877
Plaisted, Harris Merrill. Am, lawyer and editor. 1828 ....
Planche, James Robinson, English dramatist,,. 1796 1880
Planche, Jean Baptiste Gustave. French critic . 1808 1857
Planck, Gottlieb. German theologian 1751 1833
Planteganet. A dynasty of English kings 1154 1485
Planer, Johann Jacob. German botanist 1743 1789
Planquette, Robert. French composer 18-50 —
Plassmann, Ernst. Am.artistand educator 1823 1877
Plateau, Joseph Antoine F. Belgian physicist, . . 1801 1883
Platel, Felix, Baron. French writer 1833 1888
1792
PLATER — PORTAL
BORN
Plater, George. Americau statesman ITJii
Plato. Greek philosoijher B.c 42!)
Platoff, Matvei I., Coimt. Hetman of the Cossacks 1757
Piatt, Charles Adams. Americau artist 1801
Piatt, Fraukliu. Americau geologist 1844
Piatt, Jouas. American jvirist 1769
Piatt, Orville nitobeock. Am. lawyer, statesm'n 1827
Piatt, Thomas Collier. American s'tatesmau 1833
Piatt, William Henry. Am. cl. and lawyer 1821
Piatt, Zephaniah. Am. lawyer and statesman. .. . 1740
Piatt, Zephaniah. American jurist 1796
Plautus, Marcus, Roman dramatist B. c. 254
Playfair, .Tohn. Scotch mathe. and physicist 174S
Playfair, I^you., Sir. English chemist 1819
Plaza, Manuel. Peruvian missiouary, explorer.. 1772
Plaza, Nicauor. Chilian sculptor 1844
Pleasants, .lames. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1769
Pleasants, .Tohn Hampden. Am. jourualist 1797
Pleasonton, Alfred. American general 1824
Pleasontoii, Augustus James. American soldier. 1808
Plee, Aui,'iiste. French botanist and author 1787
Plessis, Francis Xavier. Canadian clergyman. . . . 1694
Plessis, Joseph Octave, Can. R. C. bishop 1763
Pleyel Iguaz. German musical composer 1757
Pliny. Roman naturalist and author 23
Pliny. Latin author and orator 62?
Plitt, Gustav Leopold. German divine 1836
Plotinus. Egyptian Neoplatonic philosopher. , .. 206?
Plowden, Edmund. English judge, law writer 1518?
Pluclie, Noel A.. AbbC'. 'Fr. naturalist, author 16S8
Plucker, Jules. Ger mathe. and physician 1801
Plumb, Edward Lee. American diplomatist 1.S27
Plumb, Joseph. American pioneer 1791
Plumb, Josiah Burr. Am. statesman in Canada.. 1816
Plumb, Preston B. Am. statesman and soldier. . 1837
Plumer, William. .\ra. statesman and author... 1759
Plumer, William Swan. Am. cl. and educator.. 1802
Plumier, Charles. French botanist 1646
Plumley, Benjamin Rush. Am. soldier, author. 1816
Plummer, Joseph B. .\mericau soldier 1820
Plumptre, P^dward Hayes. Kng. cl. and professor. 1821
Plumsted, Clement. Eug. statesman, philau 1680
Plumsted, William. Am. statesman 1708
Plunkett, Wm Couyngham., Lord. Irish lawyer. 1764
Plutarch. Greek biographer and moralist. ...".... 50
Plympton, George W. Am. civ. engineer, edu. .. 1827
Plympton, Joseph. American soldier 1787
Pocahontas. Daughter of Indian chf. Powhatan. 159^7
Poccetti. Bi rnardino BarbatcIU. Italian painter. . 1.542?
Pocci, Count Franz. Ger. poet. artist, composer. . 1808
Pocock, Edward. Eng. Arabic, Hebrew scholar. . 1604
Pococke, Richard. Ehg. bishop and traveler 1704
Podiebrad, George. See George Podiebrap.
Poe, Edgar .\llan. Americau poet 1809
Poe, (.'rlando M. Am. engineer and soldier 1832
Poeppig, Eduard. German naturalist, author. .. 1797
Poerio, Carlo., Baron. Neapolitan statesman.... 1803
Poey, Felipe. Cuban zoologist 1802
Poey y Aloy , Felip*?. Cuban naturalist 1799
Poggendorff, Johann C. Ger. natural philos 1796
Poggio Bracciollni, Giovanni F. Italian philol.. 1380
Pogodin, Mikhail. Russian historian 1850
Ponl, Johann E. Austrian botanist and author. . . 1784
Poindexter, George. Am. lawyer and politician. 1779
Poinsett, Joel Roberts. American statesman.... 1779
Poinsot, Louis. French geometer 1777
Poirier, Pascal. Can. statesman and autlior 1852
Poirson, Auguste S. J. C. French historian 1795
Poisson, Modest Jules A. Can. lawyer author. . , , 1849
Poisson, Simeon Denis. Fr. mathematician.. .. .. 1781
Poissonnler Desperrieres, Pierre I. Fr. phys. . . 1720
Poitevin, .\uguste. French sculptor 1818
Poitevin, I'rosjier. French writer lexicographer. 1810
Poland, John Scroggs. American soldier 1836
Poland, Luke Potter. American jurist 1815
pole, Reginald. English cardinal 1500
pole, William. English author 1814
Poleiaev, Alexander P. Russian poet IHIO
Polette, Antoine. Canadian jurist 1S07
Polevoi, Nikolai Alexievitch. Russian author .. 1796
Polhemus, Abraham. American clergyman 1812
Poll, Giuseppe S. It. naturalist and philologist.. 1746
Polignac, de, Jules A. A. M. Prince 1780
Polignac, de, Melchior. Fr. cardinal, diplomat. 1661
Politian, Angelus, or Polizlano, Angelo. It. poet 14.54
Polk, James K. Eleventh jiresident of the U.S.. 1795
Polk, Leonidas. Bishop and Confederate general 1806
Polk, Lucius Eugene. .American soldier 18.33
Polk, Thomas. American patriot 17.32
Polk, Thomas G. American law. and statesman, 1790
Polk, Trusten. American lawyer and statesman. 1811
Polk, William. American patriot 17.58
Polk, William Hawkins. Am. law. and diplom.. . 1815
Polk, William M. Am. physician and educator . 1844
Polko, Eli-ie. German author 1823
Pollard, Edward A. Am. journalist and author.. 1S28
Pollard, Henry Rives. American journalist 18.33
Pollard, Josephine. American authoress 1840
Pollnltz, von, Karl L.. Baron. Ger. memoirist. . . 1692
DIED
1792
347
1818
1807
1871
184
1819
1845
i839
1846
1825
1825
1881
79
110
1880
270?
1585
1761
1868
1870
1888
1391
1850
1880
1706
1887
1862
1745
1765
1854
120?
1860
1617
1612
1876
1691
1765
1849
is68
1S67
1.S77
1459
1875
1834
1.S5.?
1851
1859
1871
1840
1798
1873
1884
1887
1558
1838
I,S87
l.'H6
1.S57
1825
1847
1742
1494
1.S49
1864
i793
1869
1876
1834
1862
1872
1868
BOKS DIED
Pollock, Frederick. Eng. writer on jurisprudence 1845 1S88
Pollock, George., .Sir.' British field marshal 1786 1872
Pollock, James. Americau statesnum KSIO 1890
Pollock, Oliver. Irish merchant in America 1737 1823
Pollock, \\'alter Herries. Eng. historical writer.. 1850 ....
PoUok, Robert. Scottish poet 1798 1.^27
Polo, Marco. Venetian traveler 1236? 1324?
Polverel, Etienne. French revolutionist 1742 1795
Polybius. Greek historian b.c. 210 128
Polycarp, Saint. Bishop of Smyrna and martyr. 80? 166
Polycletus. Greek sculptor and architect fl. 430 B.C.
Polygnotus. Greek painter B.C. 480? 430?
Pomijal, de, Sebastiao. Marquis. Port, statesman 1699 1782
Pombo, de, Mauuel. Colombian patriot 1769 1829
Pomeroy, Benjamin. American clergyman 1704 1784
Pomeroy, John Norton. Am. lawyer and author. 1828 1885
Pomeroy, Marcus Mills. Americau journalist.. . 1833
Pomeroy, Samuel Clark. Americau statesman. , 1816 1891
Pomeroy, Seth. American soldier 1706 1777
Pomeroy, Theodore M. Am. lawyer, statesman. . 1.S24
Pompadour, de, Jeanne A. P. Mist, of Louis XY. 1721 1764
Pompei,Girolamo. It. Hellenist and translator . 1731 1788
Pompey. Ct>fiu.-< Poinpiin.-i Magnus. Rom. gen. B.C. 106 48 .
Pomroy, Rebecca K. Am. nurse war of Rebellion 1817 1884
Ponce, Pedro. Sp. Benedictine. Teach'r deaf mutes 1520 1584
Ponce de Leon, Juan. Sp. discoverer of Florida. 1460 1521
Ponce de Leon, Luis. See Leon. dk.
Poncelet, Jean Victor. Fr. math, aud engineer.. . 1788 1807
Ponchartrain, de, Louis P., Comte. Fr. minister 1643 1727
Pond, Enoch. American theologian aud author. . 1791 18S2
Pond, Frederick E. Am. sportsman. aud author. . 1856 ....
Pond, George Edward. American journalist 1837 ...
Pond, John. English astronomer royal 1767 1836
Pond, Samuel ^^'. Am. clergyman and autiioi' 1808
Pond, William Adams. Am. music publisher 1824 1885
Poniatowski, Joseph M. X. F. J. French Senator 1816 1.S73
Poniatowskl, Jozef A. Polish prince, mar. of Fr. 1762 1813
Poniatowski, Stanislas A. See Stanisl.\s Augustus.
Ponroy, Pierre Gabriel Arthur. French author.. 1816 1876
Pons, Jean Louis. French astronomer 1761 1831
Ponsard, Fraufois. French dramatic poet ... 1,S14 1867
Ponson du Terrall, de, Pierre A., Vis. Fr. nov , 1829 1871
Pontano, Giov. Gioviano. It. statesman, author. 1426 1603
Pontanon. American Indian chief 1525 1.570
Ponte da, Giovanni. Italian architect 1512 1597
Ponte da, Lorenzo. Italian poet 1748 1838
Ponte da, Lorenzo L. Italian author. . I.s05 1840
Pontedera. Giulio. Italian botanist.. . Ui.H.s 17.57
Pontiac. Chief of the Ottawa Indians. 1720? 1769
Pontmartin, de, .\rmand A. J. M. Fr. crt, writer 1811 1890
Pontoppidan, Erik. Danish hist, and antiquary. 1698 1764
Pontormo, da. Jacopn C. Florentine iiaiuter... 1494 1558
POOk, Samuel Hartt. Am. na^al constructor.... 1827
Pook, Samuel Moore. Am. naval constructor 1804 1878.
Pool, John. Americau statesman 1826 IHM
Poole, Edward S. Eug. linguist and orientalist. 1831 1867
Poole, Fitch. Americau jourualist 1803 1873
Poole, John. English dramatist 1787? 1872
Poole, Matthew. English commentator 1624 167*
Poole, Paul F. English historical painter 1810 187»
Poole, Reginald Stuart. English Egyptologist 18,32 ...
Poole, Stanley L. English orientalist 1854 ....
Poole, William Frederick. American librarian . 1821 . ..
Pooley, James Henry. Eug. phys., editor in Am, . 1SS9 ....
Poor, Charles Henry. American naval officer. , , 1808 188*
Poor, Daniel. American missionary 1789 1855
Poor, Daniel Warren. Ceyloniau cl. in America. . 1818 . ..
Poor, Enoch. Americau soldier 1736 1780
Poor, John Alfred. American journalist 1808 1871
Poore, Benjamin Perley. -Vmericau jourualist. . . 1820 1887
Pooshkin, Alexander. Russian poet 1799 1847
Pope, Albert Augustus. Am. manufacturer 1843 —
Pope, Alexander. English poet 1688 1744
Pope, Charles Alexander. Americau surgeon 1818 1870-
Pope, Franklin Leonard. Am. electrical eng I.s40 ....
Pope, James Colledge. Canadian statesman 1826 188&
Pope, John. American statesman 1770 1846
Pope, John. Americau naval officer 1798 1876
Pope, John. Americau general 1822 , ..
Pope, John Henry. Canadian statesman 1824
Pope, John Hunter. Am. phys. aud author 1845
Pope, Nathaniel. American jurist 1784 1850
Pope, Richard. Canadian author 1827 —
Popham, George. English colonist 15.50 16**
Popham, John!. Sir. English statesman 1531 1607
Popkin, John Snclling. Am. cl. and writer 1771 1852
Poppig, Eduard Friedrich. Ger. trav. and nat. ,. 1798 186*
Porcher, Frauci-i Peyre. Am. phys. and botanist. 1825 ...
Pordenone, II, Giovanni -\ntonio. It. painter — 1483 153»
Poret de Blossevllle, B. Ernest. French author. 1799 1882:
Porphyry. Gr. philosopher and antichristianw'r 284 304
Porpora, Nicolo. Italian composer 1688 1767
Porrez, ae, Martin. Peruv. Dominican and phys. 1579 I639'
Porro, Francis. Franciscan in Rome 1802 —
Person, Richard. Eng. Greek scholar aud critic. 1759 1806
Porta, della, Giacomd. It. architect and sculptor 1535 1600.
Porta, della, Giambattista. Italian physicist — 1538 1016
Portaels, Jean Fraufois. Belgian painter 1818
Portal, . Antoine.. Baron. Fr. anatom. and phys, , , 1742 1832
PORTALIS — PRENTISS
1793
BOKN DIED
P-» talis, .lean ttieuue M. Fr. jurist, statesman 174o 1S07
poriialis, -Iu.-^t'ph Mane, t-'omit. Kr. siatesiuau . , - 177S 1S58
Por«er, Albert G. American statesman 1S24 .,
Portar, Alexander. Irish jurist in America 17% lfv44
Porter, Andrew. American soldier 17-J3 1813
pjriar, Anna Maria. English novelist 1780 1832
Porter, Augustus Steele. American statesman. .. 1798 187*2
Porter, David. American commodore 1780 1843
Porter, David Dixon. Sint of David, Am. admiral 1813 ....
Porter, David H. .\merican naval officer 1804 182S
Portar, David R. .\m. manufacturer, statesman 1788 1867
porter, Ehenezer. American educator, author 1772 1834
Porter, Eliphalet. Am. Congregational clergyman 1758 1833
r ^rter, Fitz John. Xephcw bf DnrnL Axa. ge'i^ern] 1.S22 ....
Porter, George Bryan. Am. lawyer and states'n. 1791 1834
Por:er, George W.* .Vm. .soldier and inventor ... 1S0« 185(t
Porter, Henry Ogden. .\merican naval otlicer. .. . 1823 1872
porter, James. .\m. clergyman and author. . 1808 1888
Porter, James Davis. Am. lawyer and statesman. 182.s
Porter, James Madison, .^m. jurist and lecturer. 1793 I8ti2
Porter, Jane. English novelist 177(j 1.S50
Porter, John .Vddison. Am. chemist and writer. . 1822 1866
Porter, John .\ddison. American journalist 1856 ...
Porter, Joshua. Am. physician and soldier 1730 1825
Porter, Lydia Ann Emerson. .\m. authoress 1816 ....
Porter, Moses. American soldier 17.55 1822
Porter, Noah. Am. Congregational clergyman... . 1781 1866
porter, Noah. Am. metaphy'n. Pres. Yale Col... l.Sll 1892
Porter, Peter Augustus. .Vmericau soldier 1827 1864
Porter. Peter Buel. Ame]"icau soldier 1773 1844
Porter, Robert Ker., Sir. English painter 1775 1842
Porter, Rufus. American inventor 1792 1884
porter, Samuel. Irish clergyman in America 1760 1825
Porter, Samuel, .\merican educator 1810
Porter, Sarah. American educator 1813 ....
porter, Theodoric Henry. American soldier 1817 1816
Porter, Thomas. American jurist 1734 1833
Porter, Thomas Conrad. .Vmerican botanist 1822 . ..
porter, William .\. .im. jurist and author 1821 1886
Porter, William D. .A.m. naval officer 1809 1864
porter, William Trotter. American journalist. . . 1809 1858
Porterfield, Charles. American soldier 1750 1780
Porterfleld, Robert. American soldier 17.52 1243
Porteus, Keilby. Eu.irlish bishop and author 17.31 1808
Portier, Michel. Fr. R. C. bishop in America 1795 1859
Porus. King of India B.c 317
Pory. John. English pioneer and writer. . . . 1.580 brftn-e 1635
Posada, de, Herrera Josi^. Spanish politician 1815 1885
Posadas, Gervasio Antonio. Argentine states'n.. 1757 1832
Posey, Carnot. American soldier 1818 1863
Posey, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman 1750 1818
Posidonlus. Greek Stoic philosopher B.C. 1»; 51?
post, Alfred Charles. .\m. surgeon and educator. 1806 1886
post, Christian Frederick. Prussian missionary. 1710 1785
Post, Isaac. Am. philanthropist and spiritualist. 1798 1872
Post, Joseph. -American philanthropist 1803 1888
Post, Minturn. American physician". 180.S 1869
Post, Phili[> Sidney, .\merican soldier l&W ....
Post, Truman Marcellus. Am. cl. ami author 1810 1886
Post, Wright. Am. surgeon and educator 1776 1828
Postel, Gnillaume. Fr. orientalist, visionary. .. . 1510 1.581'
Posteli, Benjamin, .\nierican soldier "... 17(iO l-sOl
Potemkin, Gregori A. Prince. Ru. field marsh'l. 1736 1791
Potgieter, Everhard Johana. Dutch poet 1808 187.5
Pothier, Robert Joseph. Frenchjurist 1699 1772
Potocki, Stanislas K., Count. Polish statesman. . 17.57 1821
Pott, -\ugust F. German philologist 1802 1887
Pott, Perclval. English surgical writer 1713 17.S.8
Potter, .\lonzo. .\m. Protestant Episcopal tiishop 1800 1865
Potter, Chandler E. Am. lawyer and author 1807 1868
Potter, Cipriani. Eng. composer and pianist. . .. 1792 1871
Potter, Clarkson N. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1825 1882
Potter, Edward E. American naval officer. , 1.8.3.3
Potter, Edward Elmer, .\merican soldier 1823
Potter, Edward T. .\merican architect 1831
Potter, Eliphalet N. Am. clerg. and educator. .. . 1836 ...
Potter, Elisha R. American lawyer, statesman. . 1764 1835
Potter, Elisha R. .\m. jurist and author l.sli 1S82
Potter, Hazard A. Am. physician and surgeon. . 1810 1869
Potter, Henry. American jurist and writer 1765 1857
Potter, Henry Codman. Am. P. E. bishop 1835 . ..
Potter, Horatio. American P. E. bishop 1802 ;S87
Potter, Israel Ralph. Am. patriot and author .. 1744 1826
Potter, James. Irish-.\m. revolutionary soldier.. 1729 1789
Potter, Johu. Eng. archbishop and scholar 1674 1747
Potter, John Fox. Am. lawyer and statesman 1,S17
Potter, John S. American actor and manager. . 1809 1869
Potter, Joseph .\dams. .\merican soldier 1816 1888
Potter, Joseph Haydn. American soldier 1822 ....
Potter, Nathaniel. Am. physician and writer. . 1770 1813
Potter, Paulus. Dutch painter of cattle, landsc. 1625 1654
Potter, Piatt. American Jurist and writer 1800
Potter, Robert B. Am. soldier and lawyer 1.829 1887
Potter, Samuel John. American statesman 17.39 1.S04
Potter, Thomas J. American R. R. manager 1840 1888
Potter, William Bleecker. .\m. mining engineer.. 1846 ....
Potter, de, I.ouis J. .\utoine. Belg. revolutionist 1786 1859
Potts, Benjamin F. .Km. soldier and statesman. . 1836 1887
Potts, George. American clergyman and author. 1802 1864
BOKN DIED
Potts, James Henry. Am. clergyman and author 1848
Potts, John. Irish M. E.clergynian in Canada... 1838
Potts, Jonathan. American surgeon 1745 1781
Potts, Richard. .American jurist 1753 1801
Potts, Stacy Gardner. Am. lawyer and author.. . 1799 l.S6ft
Potts, William Stephens. Am. Presby. clergyman 1,S02 1852
Potvln, Charles. Belgian poet '. .. . 1818 ..
Pouchet, Felix A. Fr. naturalist and physiologist 1800 1872
Pougin, -\rthur Frauvois A. P.-l". Fr. art critic. . 1834
Pouilat, Claude S. M, Naturalist and philosopher 1868
Pouillet, Claude Servais Matthias. Fr. phvsicist 1791 1868
Poujoulat, Jean Joseph Francois. Fr. historian. . 1808 1880
Poulson, Zachariah. -\m. publisher and librarian 1761 1844
Pounds, John. English philanthropist 1766 18:19
Pourchot, Edme. French philosopher 1651 17:M
Pourtales, de, I.ouis F. Swiss naturalist in .Km. 1824 1880
Poussin, taiilhiume T. L. Fr. soldier, auth. in .Km 1795 18.50
Poussin, Nicholas. I'reuch historical painter 1594 1665
Poveda, Francisco. Cuban poet 1796 1881
Powderly , T. V. .\m. genl. M.W. Knights of Labor l.'M'.)
Powell, .Varon Macy. Am. reformer and editor. . . 1832
Powell, Baden. English philosopher 1796 1860
Powell, Henry Watson. English soldier in Am.. 1733 1814
Powell, John Hare. Am diplomat and writer 1786 1856
Powell, John Wesley, .\merican geologist . . 1,SS4
Powell, Lazarus Whitehead. Am. law., statesman 1812 1867
Powell, Levin. .American soldier 1738 1810
Powell, Levin Myue. American naval officer 1800 1885
Powell, Samuel. .Km. statesman benefactor 1739 1793
Powell, Thomas. Eng. author and dram, in Am 1809 1887
Powell, Walker. Canadian statesman 1828 ...
Powell, William Byrd. .\m. phys. and author 1799 1867
Powell, William H. Welsh-Am. manuf., soldier. 1825
Powell, William Henry. American artist 1823 1879
Power, Frederick B. .\m. chemist and writer. ., . 1853 ....
power, Lawrence G. N. S. statesman in Canada. 1.S41
Power, Michael. C'auadian K. C. bishop 1804 1848
power, Tyrone. Irish actor 1795 1841
Powers, IMward. Am. civil engineer and writer. 1830 ....
powers, Kliza II. American philanthropist 1802 1887
Powers, tyrant. Am, clergyman and author 1784 1841
Powers, Hiram. .Kmericaii sculptor 1805 1873
Powers, Horatio N. .Km. clergyman and author.. 1826 ....
Powers, I'reston. Italian sculptor in America... . 1843 ...
Powhatan. Indian sachem in Virginia 1.5.50? 1618
Pownall, Thomas. Eng.autiquaryandcol.gov.. 1720 1805
Poyas, Catharine Gendron. .Kmeiican poetess. . . 1813 1882
Poydras, Julien. .Kmerican philanthropist 1824
Poynings, Edward., sir. Irish author 1512
Poynter, Edward John. English artist 1836 ...
pozzo di Borgo. Carlo Andrea. Count. Rus. diplo. 1764 1842
pradier, Jean Jacques. French sculptor 1792 1852
prado, Mariano Ignacio. President of Peru 1826 ....
pradt, de, Dominique Dufour. -Kbbi?. Fr. diplo.. 1759 1837
praed, Winthrop Macworth. Eng. lawyer, poet. . 1802 1839
Pram, Christian Henriksen. Danish "poet 1756 1822
praslin, de, CisarGabriel.Ct.de C, D. Fr. states 1712 1785
prat, Agustiu A. Chilian naval officer. . 1848 1879
Pratl, Gio\'anui. Italian lyric poet 1815 1884
Pratorius, Michael. Geniian author 1571 1621
Pratt, Benjamin. .American jurist 1710 1763
Pratt, Calvin Edward. American jurist 1828 ....
Pratt, Charles. .Km. merchant and philanthropist 1830 1891
Pratt, Daniel. American erratic lecturer 1809 1887
Pratt, Daniel Darwin. Am law. and statesman. . 1813 1877
Pratt, Daniel Johnson. American author 1827 1884
Pratt, Enoch. American clergyman and author.. 1781 1860
Pratt, Enocli. -Kmerican philanthropist 1808
Pratt, George W. .Km. statesman and soldier. . . 18.30 1861
Pratt, John Bennett.. Rev. Scotch antiquarian.. 1791 1869
Pratt, Matthew. .American artist 1734 1805
Pratt, Orson. American Mormon apostle.. 1811 1881
Pratt, Parley Parker. Am. Mormon apostle. .. . 1807 1857
Pratt, Peter" -American lawyer and writer 1730
Pratt, Phinehas. .Auglo-.Kmer. pioneer and hist. 1.590 1680
Pratt, Robert M. American artist 1811 1880
Pratt, Samuel Wheeler. Am. cl. and author 1888
Pratt, Thomas. Geo. .Am. lawyer and statesman. 1804 1869
Pratt, Zndock. .\m. statesmaii and soldier 1790 1871
Praxiteles. Greek sculptor fl. 360 B.C.
Pray, Isaac Clark. .American author and actor. . 1813 1869
?ray, Lewis Glover. -Am. philan. and author 1793 1882
Pray, Publius R. II. .Am. jurist and writer 1795 1840
Preble, Edward. American commodore* 1761 1807
Preble, George Henry. .American naval officer. .. 1816 1885-
Preble, Harriet. Eng. translator in .America 1795 1854
Preble, Jedediah. .American jurist and soldier . . 1707 1784
Preble, William Pitt. .Am. jurist and diplomat... 1783 1857
Preller, Friedrich. German painter 1804 1878
Preller, l.ndwig. German scholar 1809 1861
Prence, Thomas. English statesman in -Am. . 1601 167.S
Prentice, <Teorge Denison. Am. journalist, poet.. 1802 1870
Prentiss, Benjamin M. American soldier 1819
Prentiss, Charles. -American author 1774 1820
Prentiss, Elizabeth Pavson. American authoress 1818 1878
Prentiss, (ieorge.Kldrich. .Km. naval officer 1809 1868
Prentiss, George Lewis. Am. clerEvman, writer. 1816 ...
Prentiss, John Holmes. American Congressman 1784 1861
Prentiss, Samuel. American physician — 1759 1818
1794
PRENTISS — PUTNAM
BORN DIED
Prentiss, s^amuel. American jurist.. 1782 1857
Prentiss, Sergeant Smitb. Am. lawyer and orator 180S ISoO
Prentiss, Theodore. American statesman 1815
Prescott, Albert Benjamin. Am. chem.. author. . 1832
Prescott, Benjamin. Am. clergyman and author. 16S7 1777
Prescott, George B. Am. electrician and writer.. is;i0 ...
Prescott, Mary Newmarch. American authoress. lSi9 ...
Prescott, Oliver. American benefactor 1731 1804
Prescott, Oliver. Am. physician and statesman.. 1762 1827
Prescott, Richard. English soldier iu America. . 1725 17S8
prescott, Robert. English-American soldier 1725 1816
Prescott, \VilUam, Col. American Rev. officer... . 172(5 1795
Prescott, William. American jurist, 1762 1844
Prescott, William. Am. physician, mineralogist. 17SS 1875
Prescott, Wm. H. G'dson of Wm. Am. historian. 1796 1859
pressense, de. Edmond D. Fr. Prot. theolos^iau-. 1824 1891
Presstman, Stephen \V. Am. P. E, clergyman 1794 1843
Preston, Ann. Am. physician arid authoress 1813 1872
Preston, Charles F. Am. missionary in China 1829 1877
Preston, David. American philanthropist 1826 1887
Preston, Francis. American statesman 1765 1835
Preston, Harriet Waters. American authoress... . 1843 . . .
Preston, Isaac T. American jurist 1793 1852
Preston, James Pattou. American statesman — 1774 1843
Preston, John S. Am. statesman and benefactor 1809 1881
Preston, Jonas. Am. physician, philanthropist.. 1764 1836
Preston, Margaret Juukin. Am. poetess 1825 ...
Preston, Sanmel. American statesman 1065 1743
Preston, Thomas Lewis Am. manufacturer 1812
Preston, Thomas S. Am. clergyman and author. 1824 ....
Preston, William. Irish soldier in America 1729 1783
Preston, William. Am. statesman and diplomat. 1806 1887
Preston, William B. Am. lawyer and diplomat.. 1S05 1862
Prestwich, Joseph. English geologist 1812 —
Preti, Mattia. Jl Calabtrs> . Italian painter 1613 1699
Preuss, Johann David E. German historian 1785 1868
Prevost, Augustine. Swiss soldier in America... 1725 1786
Prevost, Charles Mallet. American soldier 1818 1887
prevost, George. Sir. English general 1767 1816
prevost, Louis Constant. French geologist 1787 1856
prevost, Pierre. Swiss natural philosopher 1751 1839
prevost d'Exiles, Amoine Fran^'ois. Fr. author. 1697 1763
prevost-Paradol, Lucien A. Fr. orator, diplo. . . 1829 1870
Preyer, Johann Wilhelni. German painter 1803 ...
price. Bonamy. Englijih economist 1807 188S
price, Bruce. American architect and writer 1845
Price, David E. Can. statesman and diplomat. . . 182)1 188:1
Price, Eli Kirk. American statesman and writer 1797 1884
Price, Hiram. Am. statesman and Itenefactor . . . I.sl4 . -
price, Richard. British divine, writer on finance 1723 1791
Price, Rodman McCamley. American statesman I&IG ...
price, Roger. Eng. P. E. clergyman in America . 1696 1762
price, Samuel. American statesman 1805 1884
price. Sterling. American Confederate general.. 1809 1867
Price, Theophilus T. Am. physician and author, 1828
Price, Thomas L. Am. statesman and capitalist. 1809 1870
Prichard, James Cowles. English ethnologist.. . 1786 1848
Prideaux, Humphrey. Eng. divine and historian 1648 1724
Prideaux, John. English soldier in Canada 171S 1759
Priest, Josiah. American author 1790 1850
Priessnitz, Vincenz. Ger. orig. of the water cure 1790 1851
Priestley, Joseph. English chemist, physicist. . . 1733 1804
Prim, Juan. Count of Reus. Sp. general, states'n 1814 1870
Primaticcio, Francesco. Italian painter 1504 1570
Prime, Benjamin Young. Am. physician, author 1733 1791
Prime, Ebenezer, American clergyman 1700 1779
prime, Edward Dorr Griffin. Am. cl. and author 1814 ....
Prime, Frederick. American geologist 1846 ....
Prime, Frederick E. Italian engineer 1829
Prime, Nathaniel Scudder. American clergyman 1785 1856
Prime, Rufus. Am. merchant and linguist 1S05 1885
Prime, Samuel Irena-us. Am. divine and editor. 1812 1885
Prime, William Cowper. American journalist... 1825
Prince, Henry. American soldier 1811
Prince, Jean Charles. Canadian R. C. bishop 1804 1860
Prince, John. American clergyman and inventor 1751 18:^6
Prince, Xathau. Am. missionary and writer 1698 1748
Prince, Oliver H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1787 ]S;>7
Prince, Thomas. Am. divine and historian 1687 1758
Prince, Thomas. American editor 1722 1748
Prince, William. Am. horticulturist aud author. 1766 1842
Prince, William R. Am. horticulturist, writer... 1795 1869
Pring, Daniel. Eng. naval officer in Am 1780 1847
Pringle, Benjamin. American jurist 1807
Pringle, John J. American lawver 1753 1843
Pringle, Thomas. Scottish poet 1789 1834
Pringsheim, Nathaniel. Ger. Hebrew botanist.. 1823
Prinsep, James. English orientalist 1800 1840
Prioleau, Samuel. Am. jurist and statesman 17S4 1840
Prior^ Matthew, English poet 1664 1721
Priscian Roman grammarian fi. 500?
Pritchard. Andrew. English naturalist 1882
Privat-Deschanel, Angustine. Fr. phvsician 1821 1883
Prjevalski, Nioolai N. Russian officerand explo. 1839 1888
Procaccini, Giulio Cesare. Bolognese painter... 1548 1626
Proclda, di, Giovanni Sicilian conspirator 1225 1302?
Proclus. Greek Neoplatonic philosopher 412 485
Procop, Andrew. The Great. Leader of Hussites 1434
Procopius Byzantine historian 500 565
BORN DIED
Procter, Adelaide A. DatKj.of B.W. Eng. poetess 1825 1864
Procter, Bryan W. Barrij Connvall. Eng. poet... 1787 1874
Proctor, Edna Dean. American jioetess 1838
Proctor, Henry A. Welsh soldier in America 1787 1859
Proctor, Lucien B. Am lawyer and author 1826
Proctor, Redfield Am. lawyer and Sec. of War. . 1831
Proctor, Richard Anthony. Eng. astronomer 1837 1888
Proctor, Thomas. Irish soldier in America 1739 1806
Prony, de, GaspardC.F.M.R..B*u. Fr.eng. math. 1755 1839
Propertius, Sextus .\urelius. Roman poet B.C. 52 aft. B.C. 12
Prossi, Thomas. Italian poet aud author 1789 1854
Protagoras. Greek philosopher aud sophist.. B.C. 480? 411?
Protet, Augustus Leopold. French admiral 1809 1862
Protll, Mario. French publicist... 1S32
Protogenes. Painter of Rhodes b.c. 360 300
Protonotari, Francesco. It. economist, author. . 1836
Proud, Robert. Eng. educator, historian in Am. . 1729 1813
Proudfit. Alexander M. Am. cl.. and educator., 1770 1843
Proudfit, David Law. American soldier and poet 1842
Proudfit, John W. Am. clergvman and writer... 1803 1870
Proudhon, Jean Baptiste Victor. French jurist. . 1758 1838
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph. French socialist 1809 1865
Prout, Father. See Mahony. Francis.
Prout, Samuel. Eug. painter in water colors 1783 1852
Prout, Skinner. British water-color artist 180C--1876
Prout, William. Eng. chemist and physician 1786 1850
Provencher, Jean Norbert. Canadian R. C. bp.. 1787 1853
Provoost, Samuel. First P. E. bishop in N. Y 1742 1815
Prudhomme, Sully. See Sully-Prudhomme.
Prud'hon, Pierre Paul. French painter 1758 1823
Prutz, Robert Ernest. Ger. poet, hist., novelist. . 1816 1872
Pruyn, John Van S. L. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1811 1877
Pruyn, Robert H. Am. diplomat and benefactor 1815 1882
Prynne, William. Eng. Puritan political writer. 1600 1669
Pryor, Roger A. Am. statesman and soldier 1828
Ptolemy I. Sotcr. King of Egvpt b. c. 367? 285
Ptolemy II. Pbilathlpfnis\ Kiugof Egypt. ...b.c. 309 247
Ptolemy, Claudius. Greek-Egyptian astronomer. fl.2d c.
Pucitta, Viucenso. Italian composer 1778 1861
Puckler-Muskau, von, Hermann L. H. Ger. trav 1785 1871
Puente, Juan Eligro. Spanish author 1720 1780
Puerta, Cristobal Martinez, Sp. missionary 1580 1623
Pueyrredon, de, Juan Martin. Argen. statesman 1775 1840
Pufendorf, Samuel., Baron. Ger. publicist, jurist 1632 1694
Puffer, Reuben, Am. Congregational clergyman. 1756 1829
Puget, Pierre. French sculptor " 1622 1694
PUghe, William Owen. Welsh philologist 1759 1835
Pugh, Eliza Lofton. American authoress 1841
PUgh, Ellis W. Quaker preacher and author.. . . 1656 1718
Pugh, Evan. Am. chemist and educator 1828 1864
Pugh, James Lawrence. Am. lawyer and statesm 1820
Pugh, George Ellis. American statesman. 1822 1876
Pugin, Augustin Welby N. English architect 1812 1852
Pujol, de, Alexander Denis Abel. Fr. painter... 1787 1861
Pulaski, Casimir. Count. Pol. patriot 1748 1779
Pulci, Luigi. Florentine poet 1431 1487?
Puleston, John H.. Sir. Welsh banker iu Am 1830
Pulian, Johann Gottfried. German j^ainter 1809 1875
Pulitzer, Joseph. Hungarian joum. in America. 1847 —
Pullman, George Mortimer. American inventor. 18?1
Pullman, James M. Am. clergyman and editor,. 1836 ....
Pulsifer, David. American antiquarian 1802
Pulszky, Ferencz Aurel. Hung, patriot, author. . 1814 —
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath. Eng. states'n. I682 1764 ■
Pulti, Joseph Hippolyt. Ger. phys. author in Am 1811 1884
Pultock, Robert. English author fl. 1750
pumacahua, Mateo. Peruvian insurgent 1760 1815
pumpelly, Mary H. Welles. American poetess... 1803 1879
Pumpelly, Raphael. American geologist 1837 —
punchard, George. Am. clergyman and author.. 1806 1880
Punshon, William M. English Wesleyan preach. 1824 1881
Purcell, Henrv. English musical composer 1658 1695
Purcell, John'B. Irish R. C. archbishop in Am.. 1800 1883
Purchas, Samuel. English compiler of travels. . 1578 1628?
Purdon, John. Am. statesman and writer 1784 1835
Purdue, John. Am. merchant, philanthropist... 1801 1876
Purkinje, Jan Evangelista. Bohemian physiol... 1787 1869
Purman. William J. Am. jurist, statesman 1840 ....
Purple, Edwin Ruthven. Am. lawyer, author 1831 1879
Purple, Norman Higgins. Am. jurist aud author 1808 1863
Purple, Samuel S. Am. physician and author — 1822
Pursh, Frederick. Ru.-American botanist 1774 1820
Purver, Anthony. English scholar 1702? 1777
Purviance, Hugh Young. Am. naval officer 1799 1883
Purvis. Robert.^ Am. abolitionist and benefactor 1810
Pusey, Edward Bouverie. English clergrman 1800 1S8'2
Pusey, Caleb. Eng. colonist and author'in Am... 1650 1727
Pushkin, Alexander S. Russian poet 1799 1837
Pushmatahaw, Choctaw chief 1765 1824
Putlitz, Gustav Heinrich Gans. German poet — 1821 —
Putnam, Am. Revolutionary general 1718 1790
Putnam, Albigence Waldo. American author — 1799 1869
Putnam, Frederick Ward. American naturalist.. 1839
Putnam, George. Eng. pub. aud writer in Am... 1844 —
Putnam, George Palmer. American publisher. , . 1814 1872
Putnam, Haldimand S. Am soldier and surveyor 183o 1863
Putnam, Henrv. American jurist 1778 1822
Putnam, James. American jurist 1725 1789
Putnam. James O. Am. lawyer and diplomat — 1818
P U T N A M — R A M SAY
1795
BORN DIED
Putnam, Johu Phelps. Am. jurist and editor , , . isi7 ISS'2
Putnam, Katherine H. Am. author., benefactress 1792 1869
Putnam, Mary T. S, Lowell. American authoress 1810 —
Putnam, Kufus. Am. gen., pioneer settlerof Ohio 1738 1824
Putnam, Sallie A. Brock. American authoress. .. 1845 —
Putnam, iSamuel. American jurist 17(>S 1853
Putnam, \VilIiam Lowell. American soldier 1840 1S61
Puttenham, George. English author 1533? liiOO?
Putter, Johaun Stephan. German publicist 1725 1807
Puttkamer, de, Robert V. German statesman... 1828
Puymaigre, de, Thi-odore J. B., Count. Fr. auth 1816
Pyat, Fulix.' Fr. political agitator and dramatist ISIO 1SS9
Pye, Henry James. English poet-laureate 1745 1813
Pye, John. English engraver 1782 1874
Pyle, Howard. American artist and author 1853 —
Pym, John. English patriot and orator 15S2 1643
Pynaker, Adam. See Pijnaker.
Pynchon, Charles. American surgeon 1719 1783
Pynchon, Johu, English statesman in America.. 1621 1703
Pynchon, Tiiomas Rnggles. American physician. 1760 1790
Pynchon, Thomas Kuggles. American educator. 1824 ...
Pynchon, William. English theologian 1590 1662
Pynchon, William. Am. lawyer and author 1723 1789
Pyne, James B. English landscape painter 1800 1870
Pyne, William Henry. Eug. painter and author.. 1770 1843
Pypin, Alexandrovitch X. Russian author 1833
Pyrlaeus, John Christopher. Ger. miss., author. 1713 1779
Pyrrho. Greek philosopher and skeptic B.C. 376 288
Pyrrhus. King of Epirus b.c 31s? 272
Pythagoras. Greek philosopher b.c. om)? ."tUO?
Q
Quackenbos, George Payne. Am. ediicaiionist. . 1S26 18S1
Quackenbos, John Duncan, -\mericau author. . . 184S ....
Quackenbush, Stephen P. Am. naval officer 1S"2S 1890
Quadrio, Francesco S. Italian Jesuit author 1G95 1756
Quain, Jones. Eng. anatomist, born iu Ireland... 1795 1851
Qualn, Richard. English physician 1816 1887
Quandt, Johaun G. German festhetician 1787 1859
Quantin, Albert M. J. French publisher 1850 ....
Quarles, Francis. English poet 1592 16-14
Quarter, William. Irish-Am. K. C. bishop, edu. . 1806 1848
Quartley, Arthur. French artist in .\merica 1839 1886
Quartley, Frederick \Vm. Eug. eueraver, artist. 1808 1874
Quasdanovich, Sigismond M. Hungarian expl'. 1742 1796
Quatrefages Breau, de, Jean Louis X. Fr. nat'st l.sio . , , .
Quatremere, Etienne M. French orientalist 1782 1857
Quatremere de Quincey, Antoiue C. Fr. arch... 1755 1849
Quay, Matthew. S. Am. lawyer and statesman. . . 1833 ....
Queen, Walter W. American naval otlicer 1824 ....
Queipo, Manuel A. .Sp. clergyman and author. . . . 1760 1820
Queipo, Vicente V. Sp. statesman and scientist.. 1804 ....
Queiros, de, Pedro Fernandez. Port, navigator.. 1560? 1614
Quekett, John Thomas. Eug. micro., naturalist. . 1815 1861
Quentin, Charles H. Fr. jurist, miss., writer 1621 168:5
Querard. Joseph Marie. French bibliographer... 1797 1865
Querard, Louis Francois. West Indian poet 1706 1749
Querini, Ai}gclo Maria, Cardinal. It. scholar.... 1680 1755
Quesada, Manuel. Geu.-in-chiefCut.)«u pat. forces 1830 1886
Quesada, Vicente Gaspar. Argentine law'., auth. 1830
Quesada, de, Gouzalo Jimenez. Span, adventurer 1495 1597
Quesnay, Francois. French economist 1694 1774
Quesnay de Beaurepaire, Jules. Fr. mag., auth. 1837
Quesnel, Dieudonne-Gabriel L. S. Am. hot., auth 1749 1801
Quesnel, Joseph. French author 1749 1809
Quesnel, Pasquier. French Jansenist. 1634 1719
Quel, Jean Autoiue. French physicist 1810 1884
Quetelet, Lauiliert -\. J. belgian statistician 1796 1874
Quevedo yVUlegas, de, Francisco G. span, auth 1580 1645
Qulcherat, Joseph Jules E. Fr. archjeologist 1814 1882
Quicherat, Louis. French lesicograt)her 1799 1882
Quick, Charles William. Am. P, E. cl. and jouru. 1822
Quickenborne, Charles. Belgian Jesuit in Am. . . 1788 1857
Quillinan, Edward. British poet 1791 1851
Quin, James. English actor 1693 1766
Quinaultj Philippe. Fr. dramatic poet 1635 1688
Quinby, George W. Am. clergyman and journ 1810 1884
Quinby, Isaac F. Am. soldier and educator 1821 ....
Quincy, .-Abraham A. Am. merchant and journ.. . 1767 1840
Quincy, Edmund. English emigrant 1602 1635
Quincy, Edmund. Eug statesman and soldier.. 1627 1698
Quincy, Edmund. English statesman and jurist. 1689 1767
Quincy, Edmund. Eng. merchant and writer 1703 1788
Quincy, Edmund. American author 1808 1877
Quincy, Eliza Susan. Wife of Josiah. Authoress. 1773 1850
Quincy, Eliza Susan. Am. writer and benefactor 1798 1884
Quincy, John. English statesman 1689 1767
Quincy, Josiah. Am. merchant and statesman. . 1709 1784
Quincy, Josiah, Jr. American patriot and orator 1744 1775
Quincy, J. Sonojprer. Am. statesman, scholar. 1772 1864
Quincy, Josiah Am. lawyer and statesman 1793 1875
Quincy, Josiah, Jr. American author 1802 1882
Quincy, Josiah Phillips, American author 1829 —
Quincy, Samuel M. Am. lawyer and journalist.. . 1833 ....
Quinet, Edgar. French philosopher and author. . 1803 1875
Qulnlan, John. Irish R. C. clergyman in .\m 1826 1883
Quinn, James C. Irish Presby. clergym. in Can, . 1845 ....
BORN DIED
Quinu, William. Irish R. C. clergyman in Am ,. 1S21 1887
Quint, Alonzo Hall. Am. clergyman and author.. 1828 ....
Quintana, .\gustin. Mex. miss, and author 1660 1734
Quintana, Manuel Jose. Spanish poet, patriot. .. 1772 1857
Quintard, Charles Todd. American P. E. bishop. 1824
Quintilian. Roman rhetorician and critic 42? 118!
Quintus Curtlus, Rufus. Roman historian &.2d.c.
Qulroga, Jose. Spanish Jesuit and explorer 1707 1784
Quiros, Lorenzo. Spanish painter 1717 1789
Quires, de, .Vgustin. Span, missionary, writer... 1566 1622
Quitman, Fredericli Henry. Am. cl. and writer.. 1760 1832
Quitman, John .\ntbony. Am. gen. and politician 1799 1868
Quest, Ernest. French painter 1843
Quoy, Jean Rene Constant. French naturalist... 1790 1869
R
Raabe, Wilhelm. German author 1831
Kaaff, Anton. German tenor singer 1714 1797
Rabanus, Maurus. German theologian 776? 856
Rabaud, Charles Hector. French historian 1711 1764
Rabelais, Francois. French satirist 1495 1553
Rabourdin, Henry Etienne. French historian... . 1711 1764
Rabun, William. American statesman 1771 1819
Rabusson, Henri. French novelist 1850
Rachel, Elizabeth. French tragic actress 1821 1858
Rachel, Joachim. German satirical poet 1618 1669
Racine, Autoine. Can. R. C. bishop, journ., edu. 1822
Racine, Jean. French dramatic poet 1639 1699
Racine, Louis. Son of Jean. French poet 1692 1763
Racinet, Albert Charles .-i. French designer 1825
Rada, de, Juau. Spanish educator and insurgent 1542
Radcliffe, -inn. En.fflish novelist 1764 1823
RadclilTe, John. English physician 1650 1715
Radcliffe, Tliomas. Irish sol. and states, in Can... 1794 1841
Radde, Gustave F. K. Ger. traveler, naturalist. ,. 1831 ....
Raddi, Giuseppe. Italian botanist 1770 1829
Rademacher, Joseph. American K. C. bishop. . ., 1840 ....
Radetzky, Joseph, Count. Austrian gjeneral 1764 1858
Radford, \N'il!iam. .\raerican naval officer 1808 1890
Radiguet, Maximilieu Rent-. French explorer.. . 1816
Radowitz, von, Josejih Maria. Pruss. statesman 1797 1853
Rae,John. Scotch explorer 1813 ..,.
Rae, Luzerne. American journalist and poet 1811 1854
Raeburn, Henry, Sir. Scottish portrait painter, . 1756 1823
Raff, George Wertz. American jurist and author, 1825 1888
Raffaelle. See Raphael.
Raffeneau-Delile, Alyre H. Fr. phys. and botan. 1778 1850
Raffles, Thomas Stamford., Sir. Eng. naturalist. 1781 1826
Rafinesque, Constantine. Fr. botanist in Am... 1784 1842
Rafn, Carl Christian. Danish archfeologist 1795 1864
Raglan, Fitzroy J. H. S., Baron. Eng. general . . . 1788 1855
Ragnar Lodbrok. Scandinavian sea king 11. 9th c.
Ragozin, Z^uaide .\!cxeievna. Russian author.. 18.35
Ragueneau, Paul. French Jesuit missionary — 1605 1680
Raguet, Condy. Am. merchant and diplomat.. .. 1784 1842
Eanbek, Knud Lyne. Danish author and critic, . 1760 18.30
Raikes, Robert. Eug. founder of Sunday schools 1735 1811
Raimondi, Marc' Antonio. Italian engraver 1488? 15.34
Eainaldi, Carlo. Italian architect 1611 1691
Rainey, Joseph H. Am. barber and statesman. .. 1832 1887
Rains, Canon., Rev. English antiquarian 1804 1878
Rains, Gabriel James. American soldier 1803 1881
Rains, George. Am. inventor.educator and writer 1817
Rains, James Edward. Am. soldier and lawyer.. 1833 1862
Rains, John American pioneer 1750 1821
Rainsford, William S. Irish-Amer. cl. and writer 1850
Rajna, Pio. Italian author
Rakoczy, Franz Leopold. Prince of Transylvania 1676 1735
Raleigh, Walter., Sir. Eng. statesm. and courtier 1552 1618
Rail OA Rahl, Johan Gottlieb. Hessian soldier. . . 1720 1776
Ralph, James. American author 1695 1762
Ralston, Robert. American philanthropist 1761 1836
Ralston, Samuel. Irish-American clergyman — 1756 1851
Ralston, Thomas Neely. Am. el. and author 1806
Ralston, William C. .\merican capitalist 1826 1875
Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. Eng. author 1828 1889
Rambaud, -Alfred Nicolas. French historian 1842 —
Rambaut, Mary Lnciuda Bonuey. Am. educator. 1816 —
Ramberg, von, Arthur Freiheu. German artist.. 1809 1875
Rambouillet, de, Catherine. Fr. social leader... 1588 1665
Rame, Alfred Francis. French archaeologist 1826 . . , .
Rameau, Jean Philippe. Fr. musician, composer 1683 1764
Eamee, Daniel. Fr. architect 1806 ...
Ramee, de la, Stanislas H. Fr. phys.. botanist... 1747 1803
Ramet, Nicolas. Fr. traveler and philologist 1673 1735
Ramirez, .Alejandro. Cuban financier 1777 1821
Ramirez, Francisco. Mex. E. C. bishop, states'n 1823 1869
Ramirez, Ignacio. F.l Migromante. Mex. philos., 1818 1879
Rammohun Roy, Rajah. Hindu reformer 1780 1833
Ramorino, Girolamo. Sardinian general 1792 1849
Ramos, ArizpeM. Mex. lawyer and diplomat 1775 1843
Ramsay, Allan. Scottish poet 1685 1758
Ramsay, Andrew Crombie. British geologist.. ,, 1814 ....
Ramsay, David. Am. physician and liistorian,... 1749 1815
Eamsay, Edward B. Scottish cl. and writer, 1793 1873
Ramsay, Francis M. American naval officer 1835 .,,.
Ramsay, George Douglas. American soldier 1802 184S
1796
RAMSAY — REDFIELD
BORN DIED
Ramsay, Thomas K. Soot.-Cau. jur., auth. in Can 1826 1886
Ramsay, William. Scottish scholar IS06 ISto
Ramsden, Jesse. Enn. optician, mechanician — 17:35 ISOO
Ramseur, Stephen Doiison. American soldier. . . 1887 1864
Ramsey, Alexander. .\m. Sen. and Sec'y of War. 1815 ._^
Ramsey, Alexander. Eng. anat.. writer in Am... - 1754 1/29
Ramsey, James G. Mc<T. .\m. historian, author. . 1796 1884
Ramus, Peter. French philosopher.. 151.") 1.572
Ramusio, tti»mbattista. Italian writer 1185 lo57
Ranavalo, Jlanjaka III. Queen of Madagascar. . 1862 ....
Ranc6, de, ArmandJ.le Bouthillier. Fr. trappist 1626 1/00
Rand, Asa. Am. cleravmau and author. 1783 1871
Rand, Benjamin H. .\m. educator and author. .. 1792 1862
Rand, Benjamin H. Am. jihysician and author. . 1^27 1883
Rand, Edward Sprauue. .\merican statesman... 1782 1863
Rand, Edward S. American lawyer and author. 1834 ....
Rand, Isaac. .\m. physician and writer 1743 1822
Rand, Marion Howard. American poetess 1824 1849
Rand, Silas Tertius. Canadian clergyman 1810 ....
Rand, Theodore Dehon. American mineralogist. 1836 —
Rand, Theodore Harding. Nova Seotiau educator is3n ....
Rand, William \V. Am. clergyman and author. . 1816 —
Randall, Alexander W. Am. statesman and dip.. 1819 1872
Randall, Dayid A. Am. clergyman and author.. . 1813 1884
Randall, George Maxwell. Am. ?. E. bishop 1810 1873
Randall, Henrv Stephens. Am. lawyer, author. . 1811 1876
Randall, Johu Wilt. American scientist, poet.. . 1813 ....
Randall, Kobert R. Am. nay., philanthropist., .. 1740 1801
Randall, Samuel Jackson. AmericauCongressm'n 1828 1890
Randall, Samuel S. American lawyer, aurt author I.'S09 1881
Randolph, Alfred Magill. Am. P.E. bishoj). 1.S36
Randolph, Beyerly. American statesman ]7.:,o 1797
Randolph, Edmuiid. American statesman 1820 1861
Randolnh, Edmund Jennings. Am. statesman. .. 1753 1813
Randoliih, Edward. Eng. agent in America 1620 1694
Randolph, George Wythe. Am. law. and soldier. 181S 1878
Randolph, Isham. Am. statesman and scientist.. 1687 1742
Randolph, Jacob. .\m. physician and writer 1796 18:i6
Randolph, James Fitz. Am. jonru. and states, ... 1791 1871
Randolph, John., Sir. Am. lawyer and states.. .. 1693 1737
Randolph, John. American lawyer 1727 1784
Randolph, John, ot Roanoke. American orator. . 17.3 18:j3
Randolph, Nathaniel .\rcher. Am. phys.. writer.. IMS 1887
Randolph, Peyton. President first Am. Congress 1721 1775
Randolph, PeVtou. American legal writer .1779 1828
Randolph, Richard, .\merican statesman 1691 1748
Randolph, Sarah N. Am. educator and author. . 1839 —
Randolph, Theodore F. .\m. statesman, inventor 1816 1883
Randolph, Thomas. English poet 1605 1634
Randolph, Thomas J. .\m. statesman, financier. 1792 1875
Randolph, Thomas Mann. American statesman. 1741 1793
Randolph, Thomas Mann, Jr. Gov. of Virginia. .1768 1828
Randolph, William. English colonist I6.i0 1711
Randolph, William. American statesman 1681 —
Rangab^, Alexander Rizos. Gr. wr., diplomatist 1810 —
Rangel, Ignacio. Spanish missionary, author 1549
Ranke, von, Leopold. German historian 1795 1886
Rankin, IHivid Nevin. Am. physician, writer. .. 1S.S4 ....
Rankin, John. Am. clergyman and abolitionist 1793 1886
Rankin, John Chambers. Am. cl., missiouary. . . 1816 ....
Rankin, Thomas. Scot. M. E. clergyman in Am. . 1738 1810
Rankine, WilliamJ. M. British engineer 1820 1872
Rankley, .Vlfred. English painter ...1820 1872
Ranney, Rufus Percival. .\merican statesman. 1813 —
Ranney, William. .American soldier and artist . 1813 1857
Ransier, Alonzo Jacob. American statesman. , . 1836 1882
Ransom, George Marcellus. .\mericanuav. officer 1820 . ..
Ransom, Kobert. American soldier 1830 —
Ransom, Thomas E. (ireenfield. Am. general. ... 1834 1864
Ransom, Truman Bishop. Am. soldier, educator 1802 1847
Ransonnier, Jean J. Burgundian Jesuit miss.. . . 1600 1640
Rantoul, Robert. American statesman 1778 18.58
Rantoul, Robert, Jr. American statesman 1805 18,i2
Rantoul, Robert Samuel. .\m. states., antiq — 1832
Raoul-Rochette. See Rochette. ,
Rapallo, Charles .^nthonv. American jurist 1823 1887
Raphael Sanzio. It. Raffaell. Italian painter. 1483 1520
Raphall, Morris Jakob. Swed. -American rabbi. . 1798 1868
Rapin, Nicolas. French poet 1540? 1608
Rapin, RenC>. French Jesuit Latin poet 1621 1687
Rapin, de, Paul, SieurdeThoyras. Fr. historian 1661 1725
Rapoport, Solomon J. Austrian rabbi, scholar. . 1790 1867
Rapp, George, Germau-.^merican religionist — 1770 1847
Rapp, Jean, Count. French general 1772 1821
Rappe, Louis Amadeus. Fr. R. C. bishop in Am. 1801 1877
Rappoldi, Ednard. .Austrian composer 1839 —
Rarey, Johu S. American equestrian 1828 1866
Rask, Rasmus C. Dan. orientalist and philologist 1787 lKi2
Rasle, Sibastien. Fr. Jesuit miss, to Abenaki Ind 1658 1724
Raspall, Franfois V. Fr. chemist, revolutionist 1794 1878
Raspe, Gustav K. H. Ger. edu. and classicist.. .. 1811 1887
Rassam, Hormuzd. Chalda'an arch;eologist 1826
Rathhone, Henry Keed. American soldier 1837 —
Rathbone, Jared L. Am. soldier and diplomat. . 1844 —
Rathbone, Johu F. Am. mauuf. and benefactor.. 1.821
Rattazzi, Marie S. W. Priu. of Solms. Fr. auth.. 1833 _.^
Rattazzi, Urbano. Italian statesman . ^ ■ }»» JJ.o
Rattray Wm J. Eng. journalist, author m Can. 18.35 1883
Kau Charles. Ger. archieologist in America 1826 1887
BORN DIES
Rau, Heribert. German novelist 1813 1876
Rauch, Christian. German sculptor 1777 1867
Ranch, Frederick Augustus, tier, theol. in Am. . 1806 1811
Ranch, John Heurv. Am. phys. and writer 1828 ....
Raudon, Jacques Louis C. A. Fr. sol. and statesm 1795 1871
Raue, Chas. Godlove. Saxon phys. and an. in Ara 1829 —
Raum, Green Berry. Am. soldier and writer 1827 —
Raumer, von, Friedrich. German historian 1781 187S
Raumer, von, Rudolph. German philologist — 1815 1876
Rauschenbusch, Augustus. tTer.cl., ed. in Am. . 1816 —
Ravaillac, Franiuis. French i-egicide 1578 1610
Ravenel, Henry William. Am. botan., writer. ... 1814 18S7
Ravenscroft, John Stark. Am. P E bishop 1772 1830
Ravlgnan, de, tinstave F.X. D. Fr. Jesuit orator 1795 1858
Rawdon-Hastings, Francis. Marq. Brit, general 17.54 1826
Rawle, Frauds. Eng. colonist in America 16(10 1727
Rawle, Francis. Ani^erican lawyer and writer. .. . 1846
Rawle, Henry. American civil engineer 1833 ....
Rawle, William, .\merican jurist , . 1759 1836
Rawle, William. .American lawyer and writer. . . 1788 1858
Rawle, William Henrv. American lawyer 1823
Rawle-Brooke, William. Am. lawyer and author 1843 ....
Rawlings, Moses. American soldier 1740 1808
Rawlins, John Aaron. American soldier 1.831 1869
Rawltnson, George. English orientalist I.si.t —
RawUnson, Henry C, Sir. Eng. sol. and diplom. 1810
Rawlson, Albert Leighton. Am. trav, author, . .. 1.S29 ....
Rawson, Edward. Eng. colon. sec, author in Am 1616 169.3
Rawson, Griudall. Am. clergyman and author... 16o9 171»
Rawson, Rebecca. American heroine 1656 ....
Ray, Isaac. American alienist 1807 1881
Ray, James E. Am. lawyer and governor 1794 1848
Ray or Wray, John English naturalist 1628 1705
Ray, Johu. .\merican lawyer and statesman 1816 1888
Ray, Joseph. American mathematician, 1807 1855
Rayet, Olivier. French archaeologist 1847 1887
Raylelgh, Johu Wm. S., Lord. Eng. math 1842 . _
Raymond IV. Count of Toulous. Fr. crusader.. 1045? llOi
Raymond VI. Count of Ton. Albigensi'n leader. 11.56 122a
Raymond, Benjamin Wright. Am. merchant ISOl 1883
Raymond, George L. Am. educator and author.. 1839 ..;.
Raymond, James. American statesman 1796 1858
Raymond, John Howard. American educator.. 1814 1878
Raymond, John T. American actor 1836 1887
Raymond, Henrv Jarvis. American journalist . 1820 1S09'
Raymond, Miner. Am. clergyman and educator 1811 —
Raymond, Robert Raikes. Am. edu. and jour. .1819 —
Raymond, Rossiter W. Am. miuingenglneer 1840 ...
Raynal, GnillaumeT. F., Abbe. Fr. historian. . 1713 179b.
Rayner, Kenneth. Am. jurist and statesman. .. 1808 1.884
Raynolds, William Franklin. American soldier 1620
Raynouard, Francois Juste M. Fr. miscel. writer 1761 183().
Rayon, Ignafio Lopez. Mexican patriot 1773 182<
Rayon, Ramon. Mexicau governor — I77.?i ISvW
Rea, John, .\niericau statesman 17.5;> 1829
Rea, Johu Patterson. Am. jurist and journalist. 1840 ....
Read, Abner. American naval officer 1821 1863.
Read, Charles. Am. jurist and soldier I/J.t l/w
Read, Collinson. Am. statesman and writer l/.il 1W.>
Read, Daniel, .\mericau musical composer l/o/ I.'41
Read, Daniel. American educator 180.5 18/8
Read (ieorge. Signerof the Dec. of Independence l/3o 1/98.
Read, George Campbell. Irish naval officer 1787 1862
Read, HoUis. Am. missiouary and author 1802 188/
Read, Isaac. Am. soldier and statesman 1/46 I//8
Read, Jacob. Am. jurist, soldier and statesman. . 17u2 181. >
Read, James, .\merican jurist and statesman.. . ]71i> l;r9...
Read, John. American lawyer and statesman — lh,3 1H9
Read, John. Irish soldier 1688 ii^b-
Read, John Meredith. Am. jurist and statesman. 179/ 18/4
Read, Johu Meredith. American diplomatist 183/ .^
Read, Nathan American inventor ..; I/.™ ;«;.'■
Read, Theodore. American lawyer and soldier. ]83i> lN..i-
Read, Thomas. American naval officer 1740 l/,s>v
Read, Thomas. American surveyor, statesman. . . Mo .81/
Read, Thomas. Am. clergyman and patriot. 1/46 18J.>
Read, Thomas Buchanan. Am. iioet and artist. . 182^ 1,^/2
Reade, Charles. English novelist ^ 1814 1884
Reade,Johu. Irish journalist in Canada l8-i8 . _
Reade, John Edmund. English poet _^. . ]>•"•> s^!?'
Reade, William Winwood. Brit, explorer, author 1N.8 8;/*
Ready, Samuel. American philanthropist....... l/'Vi 18/1
Reagan, John Henuiuger. Am. Jesuit, states n. . 181^ . __
Realf, Richard. Anglo-American poet. .. ^. I8.i4 !»/»■
Reamv.Thaddeus Asburg. Am phys. and inven. ,829
Reaumur, de, Ren« Antolne F. French savant.. 16.s3 1.//
Reber, Franz. German writer on art J^;;* _
Rfecamier, Jeanne F.J. A. B. French lady 1//7 1849
Reclus, Klie Armand E. French naval oflicer. 1843 ....
Reclus, Elie Michel. French geographer 1827 ....
Reclus, Jean Jacques Elis^e. Fr. geograpner 1830 ....
Reddall, Henrv Frederick. English author. ...... 1852 .^ _
Redding, Benjamin B. N. Scotiau pioneer, scien 1824 18.8-
Redding, Cyrus. English journalist. .... .....^ . 1/85 1B/1>
Redfield, Amasa Angell. American legal writer.. 1837 ^_
Redfield, Isaac Fletcher. American jurist. 1804 1S7(»
Redfield, John Howard. American scientist ... 1815 .^
Redfield, Justus Starr. American diplomat 1810 18»
Redfield, William C. American scientist 1789 18&7.
REDGRAVE — RIBBECK
1797
BOKN
Redgrave, Richard. English painter lso-1
Kedgrave, Samuel. British art historian 1S04
Bedi, Francesco. Italian poet and naturalist 1626
Ked Jacket or Sa-go-ye-watha. Chit" of Senecas 17.52
Redman, John. American iihysieian 1722
Redpath, James, scot. -.A.mer. junrn. and abol 1833
Redway, Jacques W. .\m. geographer and author 1SJ9
Redwood, -\brabam. \V. lud. philau. in Am 1709
Reed, Andrew. En^g. pliilau. and author in Am. . 1788
Reed, Caleb, .\mericau lawyer and journalist 1797
Reed, Caroline Gallup. American educator 1821
Reed, David, .im. clergyman and journalist 1790
Reed, Edward James., Sir. Eng.uaval engineer.. 1830
Reed, Henry. American scholar and author 1808
Reed, Horatio Blake. .\m. soldier and c. engin. . 1837
Reed, Hugh. American soldier and author. " 18.5U
Reed, James. American soldier 1724
Reed, John. American clergyman and statesman 1751
Reed, John. German niine-oVuer in America 1760
Reed, John. American P. E. clergyman 1777
Reed, John. American educator and statesman.. 1781
Reed, John. American Senator and author 1786
Reed, Joseph, .\merican patriot and statesman. . 1741
Reed, Joseph. American lawyer and legal writer 1772
Reed, Rebecca T. Am. escaped nun and author. . 1813
Reed, Sampson. American journalist and author 1800
Reed, Thomas B. Am. lawyer and statesman
Reed, Thomas B. Am. lawyer and Congressman. 1839
Reed, William. Am. Congressman, ]ihilanthropist 1777
Reed, William B. Am. lawyer and diplomat 1806
Reeder, Andrew H. First governor of ICansas.... 1807
Reeder, Charles. Am.mauufac. and author 1817
Rees, Abraham. English cyclopoedist 1743
Rees, John K. Am scientist and autlior 1851
Reese, Chauncoy B. Am. soldier and engineer .. I.S37
Reese, David M . Am. physician and author 1800
Reese, John J. Am. physician and author 1818
Reese, Levi H. Am. clergyman and author 1806
Reese. Thomas. Am. clergyman and educator. . . 1742
Reese, William B. .Vmericau jurist, educator 1793
Reeve, Isaac Van Duzen. American soldier 1813
Reeve, Henry. English writer.and journalist. .. . 1813
Reeve, Tapping. .American jurist, legal writer. .. 1744
Reeves, John. English jurist and legal writer 17.52
Reeves, Marian Calhoun Legare. Am. author 1.S54
Reeves, Sims. Eng. oratorio tenor singer 1821
R§gamey, Felix. French artist 1844
Regiomontanus. Joham, Sldilcr. Ger. astron 1436
Regis, de. Jean Baptiste. French geographer. . . 1665?
Regnard, Jean Francois. French comic poet 1G.55
Regnault, .\lexandre Georges Henri. Fr. painter 1843
Regnault, Elias. French historian 1801
Regnault, Henri Victor. French physicist 1810
Regnier, Jacques .Anguste A. Fr. philologist 1804
Regnier, Mathurin. French poet 1573
Regulus, Marcus .\tillius. Romangeneral B.C.
ReEan, Ada. Irish actress in America 1859
Rehn, Frank Knox Morton. American artist 1848
Reich, Jacques. Hungarian artist in .\merica 1852
Reicha, Anton. Cierman musicaM\'riter 1770
Reichel, Charles G. Silesian .Moravian hp. in Am. 1751
Reichel, Levin Theo. Am. Moravian bp., author. 1812
Reichel, William C. .\m. educator and author. . . 1824
Relchenhach, Heinrich Gott. L. Ger. naturalist 1793
Reichenhach, von, Karl, Baron. German chemist 1788
Reichstadt, Duke of. See Bonaparte, Napoleon II.
Reld, David Boswell. Scottish chemist, author.. . 1805
Reid, David .Settle. American lawyer, statesman 1813
Reid, George. American soldier 173.3
Reid, Hugh Thompson. .\m. lawyer and soldier.. 1811
Reld, John. Scottish soldier in America 1722
Reid, John Morrison. Am. cl. and journalist 1820
Reld, Mayne. Irish American novelist 1818
Reld, Robert R. Am. jurist and statesman 1789
Reld, Samuel C. -Am. nav.oflic'r. Design. U.S. flag 1783
Reid, Sam. Chester. Am. lawyer and author 1818
Reid, Thomas. Scottish mental philosopher 1710
Reid, Thomas Wemyss. English author 1842
Reid, Whitelaw. American journalist 1837
Reid, William, Sir. British meteorologist 1791
Reid, William. Scottish cl. and jonrn. in Canada 1816
Reid, William James, .\mericau cl. and author. . 1834
Reiflferscheid, Karl Wilhelm .\. Ger. philologist 1835
Reil, Johann Christian. German anatomist 17.59
Rellly, James W. .American soldier 1842
Reily, John. Eng. lawyer and author in America 1752
Relly, William McClellan. Am. Ger. Ref. cl. . . :. 1837
Relmarus, Hermann Samuel. German scholar.. 1694
Relmensnyder, Junius Benj. Am. cl.. author. . . 1841
Reina, Maldonado Pedro. Pervivian R. C. bishop ...
Reinaob, Salomon. French philologist 1*58
Reinag. e, Hugh. American artist 1790
Reinesius, Thomas. (Jer. phys. and philologist.. 1587
Reinhart, Benjamin F. Ame'rican artist 1829
Reinhart, Charles Stanley. American artist. . . .1844
Reinhart, Karl .\ugnst. Ger. painter and writer 1818
Reinhold, Karl Leonhard. Ger. philosopher 1758
Reinisch, Leo. Austrian Figyptologist 1832
Eeinke, Amadeus A. .4m. Moravian bishop 1822
DIED
18M8
1876
1697
18.30
180S
1891
i788
1862
1854
1854
1888
is67
1831
1,848
1845
1860
1850
1785
1846
isso
1829
1837
1876
1864
1870
ISGl
18oi
1794
1860
1523
1829
1476
1737
1709
1871
1868
1878
1884
1613
250?
1836
1825
1878
1876
1879
1.S69
1863
isis
1874
1807
i883
1841
1861
18,87
1813
1810
1768
1661
1834
1667
1885
1877
1825
„ . BOKN DIED.
Reinke, Samuel. Am. Moravian bishop 1791 1875
Reis, Francisco Sotero dos. Uraz. jonrn. and edu. 1800 1871
Rels, Philipp. German physicist 1834 1874
Relske, Johann Jakob. Ger. Arabic scholar 1710 1774
Reissiger, Karl Gottlieb. Gernuin composer 1798 1859
Reissmaun, August. Cier. historian of music 1825
Reland, Adrian. Dutch orientalist 1670 1718
Relf, , Samuel. Am. journalist and author 3776 1823-
Rembrandt van Ryn. Dutch painter lOOG 1669
Remington, Philo. American inventor of rifle. . . 1816
Remington, Joseph Price. Am. pharm. and wT. 1847
Remington, Stephen. American cl. and author.. 1808 186^
Remsen, Ira. -Unerican chemist and author 1846
R6musat, Jean Pierre Abel. French orientalist. . 1788 1832
Rfemusat, de, Fraufois M. C, Count. Fr. philos.. 1797 1875
R6musat, de, Paul L. E. Fr. auth., iiolitician.... 1831 . ..
RemyoiRemi. Saint. Bishop of Kheims 487 533.
Remy, Jules. Fr. traveler and author 1820 ....
Remy, Paul Edouard. French author 1711 17.84
Renan, Joseph Ernest. Fr. orientalist 1823 ....
Renard, Gustave II. Fr. explorer and author 1673 1741
Renaud, Pierre Fraufois. Flemish missiouarv.. 1641 1703
Renauld, Cesar .iugnste. West Indian tioet ..."... 1701 1734
Rendel, James Meadows. English engineer 1800 1856
Ren60lAnjou. Titular king of Sicily 1409 1480
Rengino, Luis. Mexican missionarv and author. 1520 1580
Rennell, James. English geograjiher 1742 18:i0
Rennle, George. English engineer 1791 1S66
Rennie, John. British engineer and architect 1761 1821
Reno, Jesse L. American general 1825 1862
Reno, Marcus A. .Vmericau soldier 18:^5 1889
Renouard, Anthony A. French bibliographer 1765 1853
Renouard, George CKev. English orientalist.. 3780 1867
Renouf, Peter Le Page. English orientalist, 3824
Renschle, Karl Gustav. German geographer 1812 187.5-
Rensliaw, William B, Americun naval officer 1816 1863
Renwick, Edward S. Am. engineer, inventor. . .. 1823
Renwick, Henry Brevoort. American engineer.. 3817 . ..
Renwick, James. .American physicist. 1790 1863'
Renwick, James. American architect 1818
Requier, Augustus J. Am. lawyer and author .. 1825 1887
R6sal, .\mi!' Henri. French engineer 1,^28 ....
ResMd Pasha, Mustaj.ha M. Turkish statesman. 1802 1858
Restrepo, Jose M. Colomljian statesmaa 1780 1869
Rethel, Alfred. German historical painter 1816 1,859
Retz de, Jean F. P. de Gondi, Car. Fr. prelate. .. 1614 1679
Retzlus, Anders Johau. Swedish botanist 1742 1821
Retzsch, Friedrich A. M. German painter 1779 1857
Reuchlin, Johann. Ger. philol. and Hebraist 1455 1522
Reuleaux, Franz. German technologist 1829
Retiling, George. Gei'inan phys., writer in Am. . 18.39 ...
Reumont, von, Alfred. German writer 1808 1887
Reuss, Edouard. French Protestant theologian.. 1804 1891
Renter, Heinrich L. C. Fritz. Ger. poet and nov. 1810 1874
Renter, Paul Jules, Baron. Gei- .-Eng. telegraph't 1815
Revel, Giovanni Pietri. Waldensian cl. bishop.. 1810 1871
Revels, Hiram R. Am. clergyman, educator 1822 ...
Revere, Edward H. R. Am. physician, surgeon.. 1827 1862'
Revere, Joseph Warren. American soldier 1812 1880
Revere, Paul, .\merican engraver and patriot ■ . 1735 1818
Revere, Paul Joseph, .\merican soldier 1832 1863-
Reville, Albert. French theologian 1826 ....
Revillout. French Egyptologist 1845 ....
Revoil, Benedict Henry. French author 1816
Rexford, Kben Eugene. American poet 1848 ....
Rey, Anthony. Fr. Jesuit, educator in America.. 1807 1846,
Rey, Jean. Fi*euch manufacturer and writer 1773 1849
Reyhaud, Marie Roch Louis, i^rench author 1799 1879
Reynaud, Antoine .A. L., Baron. Fr. math 1777 1844
Reynolds, .Alexander W. American soldier 1817 1876
Reynolds, Daniel H. .Am. soldier and Senator... 1832 ..
Reynolds, Elmer R. Am. ethnologist, author 1846 ..
Reynolds, Ignatius A. Am. K. C. bp.. educator.. 1798 186.>
Reynolds, John. Eng. naval officer in Am 1700 1776
Reynolds, John. Am. jurist aud statesman 1789 1865
Reynolds, John Fulton, .\merican general 1820 186;-^
Reynolds, John Parker. American agriculturist 1820 ...
Reynolds, Joseph Jones. American soldier 1822
Reynolds, Joseph S. Am. soldier, statesman 1839 ....
Reynolds, Joshua., Sir. English portrait painter 1723 1792*
Reynolds, William. American naval officer 1815 1879
Reynolds, William M. Am. cl. and educator 1812 1876
Reynoso, .\lvaro. Cuban scientist and author. . . 1820
Reze, Frederick, (ier. R. C. bishop in America. 1797 1871
Rhazes fr Rasis. 'Arabian physician 852? 932;
Rhees, Morgan John. Welsh cl. and colo. in Am.. 1760 1804
Rhees, William Jones. Am. cl. and inventor 1830
Rhett, Robert Barnwell. American statesman.. . 1800 ]>>76
Rhett, Thomas Grimke. American soldier 1825 1878
Rhlnd, Alexander C. American naval officer 1821 ...
Rhine, .Vliee Hyneman. American authoress — 3840 —
Rhoades, Mosheim. Am. I.Titheran clergyman.. . 1837 ...
Rhoads, Samuel. American statesman 1711 1784
Rhoads, .\lbert. American diplomat and author. 1S40 ..
Rhys, John. Welsh philologist 1848 ....
Riall, Phineas.,Sir. English soldier 1769 1851
Ribalta, Francisco. Spanish painter 1551 1628
Rlhault "r Ribaut, Jean. French navigator 1.520? 1.56&
Rihheck, Johann Karl Otto. Ger. philologist — 1827 —
1798
R I B E R A — R I T T E R
EOF.N DIED
Ritoera, Jos^. Tl Spagnoleiio. Spanish painter.. . loss ltJ56
Ribot, Thcodule. Freucli philosopher lSi9 ^^^
Ricardo, David. English political economisl 17/2 182o
Rloasoli, Bettino. Baron. Italian statesman — 1809 1880
Ricaua, Jamt-s B. Am. jurist and statesman 1808 1S66
Ricaurte, Autouio. Colomljian soldier 1792 1814
Riccl, Scipione. Bp. of Pistoja. Italian reformer 1741 1810
Rlcci! Sebastiano. Italian painter 1660 1734
Riccio del, Domenico. Bnisd.turci. It.painter . 1494 156/
Riccioii, Giovanni Battista. Italian astronomer. 1598 1071
Rice Alexander Hamilton. .American statesman 1818 —
Rice' illen T American statesman and lawyer. . 182S —
Rice! Benjam'in Holt. Am. Presby. clergyman ... 1782 1856
Rice Daniel. American showman and orator — 1822
Rice David. American clergyman and author. . . 1733 1816
Rice! Edwin W. Am. clergyman and journalist- . 1831 . .
Rice Elliot Warren. Am. lawyer and soldier. .. . 1836 1887
Rice' George Edward. American lawyer and poet 1822 1861
Rice' Harvey. American poet and statesman — 1800 —
Rice! Henry'Mower. American statesman 1816 —
Rice! Isaac L. Bavarian lawyer, author in Am... 1850 —
Rice! James. English novelist 1844 1882
Rice, James Clav. Am. lawyer and soldier 1829 1864
Rice, John Holt. Am. Presby. clergyman, writer 17(7 18bl
Rice, Samuel .\llen. Am. lawyer and soldier 1828 1864
Rice, Thomas D. American actor 1808 1860
Rice Victor Moreau. Am. lawyer, siatesman 1818 1869
Rice! William. N. Am. scientist and educator — 1845 —
Rich (!harles Alonzo. American architect 1855
Ricll I'laudius J. Eng. orientalist and traveler. . 1787 1821
Rich, Edmund. Saint. A\,]>. of Canterbury... ..... 1190? 1242
Rich Isaac. .\m. merchant and philanthropist.. 1801 18/2
Rich' Obadiah. Am. bibliophile and diplomat.. .. 1777 1850
RichardI King of England 1157 1199
Richard II King of England lo6b 140U
Richard III Last king of Eng. of Plantag't line. . 14o2 1485
Richard, of Cirencester. Eng. monk, historian 1401
Richard, Gabriel. Fr. R. C. cl. and edu. in Am. . 1767 18.32
Richard, Louis Claude Marie. French botanist. 1/54 1821
Richard, Louis F. West Ind. physician, author . 1757 1806
Richards, Albert N. Can. lawyer and statesman. 1822 —
Richards, Benjamin Wood, .\merican statesman 1797 1851
Richards, Charles 11. Am. clergyman and author 1889
Richards, Cornelia H. American authoress 1822 .
Richards, Cvrus Smith. American educator 1808 1885
Richards, Ellen H. Am. chemist and author... . 1842 —
Richards, George. Am. journalist and author 1814
Richards, Helen Dorothy Whiton. Am. authoress
Richards, James. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1767 1843
Richards, John W. Am. clergyman and author... 1803 1851
Richards, Marie T. Am. educator and authoress. 1821
Richards, Matthias Henry. Am. clerg., writer. . 1841 ....
Richards, Robert H. Am. metallurgist, writer . 1S44 —
Richards, Thomas Addison. Eng.-Am. painter. . 1820
Richards, William Bnell. Sir. Canadian jurist. 181o 1889
Richards, William Carey. Eng. cl., auth. in Am. 1818 —
Richards, William Trost. American artist ISiS —
Richardson, .\lbert Deane. American journalist 18S3 1869
Richardson, Benjamin Ward. Eng. physiologist 182S —
Richardson, Charles. English lexicographer ... 177o 1865
Richardson, Charles Francis, .\merican author. Ifel ...
Richardson, Edmund. American mereh., beuef. 1818 1886
Richardson, Edward. American mariner 1789 1876
Richardson, Edward. English sculptor 1812 1869
Richardson, Henry Hobson. American architect 1838 1886
Richardson, Israel Bnsh. American soldier ISlo 1862
Richardson, James. American clerg. and writer 1817 1863
Richardson, John. Sir. Scottish naturalist 1787 1865
Richardson, John. Canadian soldier and author 1797 1863
Richardson, John F. Am. educator and author. 1808 1868
Richardson, John P. Am. lawyer, statesman. .. 1801 1864
Richardson, John S. Am. jurist and statesman. . 1777 1850
Richardson, Joseph. .\m. clergyman, statesman 1778 1871
Richardson, Nathaniel S. Am. P. E. clergyman. 1810 1883
Richardson, Hichard. Am. patriot, sol., states'n 1704 1780
Richardson 'Samuel. English novelist 16.89 1761
Richardson, William A. .\m. lawyer, statesman. 1811 18/5
Richardson, William A. Am. jurist, legal writer 1821 ....
Richardson, William M. Am. jurist, legal writer 1774 1838
Riche, George I. Am. educator and lawyer 1833 —
Riche, Jean B.aptiste. Haytian President 1780 1847
Richehourg, Emile. French author 18as . . ._
Rlchel, Nioolcs A. Havtian naturalist 1/4.-) 1/99
Richelieu, de, A.J. Duplessis. Fr. cardl-nal 15,85 1642
Rlchepanse, Antoine. French soldier 1770 isre
Rlchery, Joseph de. French naval officer 1757 1/99
Richet, Jules Cesar. West Indian author 1697 1776
Richey, Mattheiv. Irish M. E. cl., educator in Can 1803 1883
Rlchlngs, Peter. English actor in America 1797 1871
Richmond, Charles L., Duke of. British general 1735 1806
Richmond, Dean. Am. capitalist and statesman. 1804 1866
Richmond, James Cook. Am. P. E. cl. and auth.. 1.808 1866
Richmond, Legh. Eng. divine and author 1772 1827
Richmond, Sarah A. A. Am., philanthropist 1821 1866
Richmond, William. Am. P. E. clergyman 1/9/ 18,58
Rlchter, Ernst F. E. German musician 1808 1879
Rlchter, Eugen. German politician 1838 . ^^.
Rlchter, Gustav. German painter 1823 1884
Rlchter, Hans. German musician 1843
BORN DIED
Richter, Henry Joseph. Ger. E. C.bp.,edu. in Am 181,8
Richter, Johaun Paul Friedrich. German author 1763 1825
Kickman, Thomas. Eng. architect and writer . 1776 1841
Rickoff, Andrew Jackson. Am. edu. and author. 1824
Rioord, Alexander. Am. physician and writer. .. 1798 1876
Rlcord, Elizabeth. .\m. edu. and philanthropist 1788 1865
Ricord, Frederick Wm. W. Indian jurist, author 1819 —
Ricord, Jean Baptiste. Fr. physician and author 1777 1837
Ricord, Philippe. French physician 1800 1889
Riddell, John Leonard. Am. phvs., inventor, w'r 1807 1867
Riddle, Albert Gallatin. American lawyer 1816
Riddle, George. American elocutionist 1853
Riddle, George Reade. Am. law. and statesman. 1817 1867
Riddle, Matthew Brown. Am. D. R. cl., author. . . 1836 ....
Riddleberger, Harrison H. Am. lawyer, states.. 1844 1890
Rideing, William Henry. English author 1853
Rider, George Thomas. Am. P. E.cl. and author. 1829
Ridgaway, Henry Baseom. Am cl. and author... 1830
Ridge, John. Indian chief .■ ■•••
Ridge, John R. Journalist and poet In California — 1867
Ridge Major. Cherokee chief 1771 1839
Ridgeley, Charles Goodwin. Am. naval officer.. . 1762 1829
Ridgely, Charles. Am. physician and statesman 1738 1785
Rldgely, Daniel Boone. American naval officer.. 1813 1868
Ridgely, Henry Moore. Am. lawyer and statesm 1778 1847
Rldgely, James Lot. Am. statesman and author... 1807 1881
Ridgely, Nicholas. Am. jurist and statesman .... 1762 1830
Ridley, Nicholas. Eng. reformer and martyr — 1500? 1555
Ridnath, John Clark. American educator 1840 —
Rledesel, FredericaC. L. Wife of the loliowing 1746 1808
Riedesel, von, Friedrich A. Ger. general in Am. 1738 1800
Riedingei, Johann. Ger, artist and engraver 1695 1767
Riel, Louis. Canadian insurgent 1844 1885
Rlemann, Georg F. B. German mathematician... 1826 1866
Rlenzi, Niccolo Gabrini. Roman patriot 1813 1354
Rletschel, Ernst F. A. German sculptor 1804 1861
Rigaud, Antoine. Baron. Fr. engin.. edu. in Am. 1758 1820
Rigaud, Benoit Joseph Andre. Haytian soldier. . 1761 1811
Rigaud, Hvacinthe Francois H. French painter. 1659 1743
Rigdon, Sidney. American Mormon elder 1793 1876
Riggs, Elias. American missionary 1810 ....
Riggs, George Washington. American banker — 1813 1881
Riggs Stephen R. Am. missionary and author. . 1812 1883
Righetti, Carlo. Ital. publicist, dramatic author 1830 ....
Righter, Chester Newell. American missionary. 1824 1856
Riker, James. American educator and historian. 1822 —
Riker, John Lafayette. American soldier ■ 1862
Riker, Richard. American lawyer 1//S 184^
Riley, Bennett. American soldier 1/8/ 18o3
Riley, Charles Valentine. Am. entomologist 1843 ,
Riley, Henry Chauncey. Chilian P. E. bishop.. .. 1835 ....
Riley Henry H. American statesman, journalist 1813 1888
RlIey!H.T.' Eng. historical and critical writer. . 1818 1878
RUey! James. American mariner 1777 1840
RUey, James Whitcomb. Am. actor and poet ... 1852 ..__.
Riley John C. American physician and author. 1828 18/S
Rlmmer, William. English artist in America.. .. 1816 1879
Rlnaldl, Riuolrto. It. sculptor, pupil of Canova. ..^^ IS/o
Rinaldini, Benito. Spanish Jesuit missionary.. . 169.5 1.60
Rlncon del, Antonio. Mexican Jesuit missionary 1541 1601
Rlncon, del, Antonio. Spanish painter.. 144IJ 1500
Rinehart, William Henry. American sculptor. . . 182o 18/4
Ringgold Cadwalader. American naval officer 1802 1867
Ringgold, George Hay. American soldier 1814 1864
Ringgold, Samuel. American statesman I//0 ]8,J9
Ringgold, Samuel. Am. soldier and inventor. . . . 1800 1816
Rink, Henrik Johan. Danish naturalist .. .^ .^_^- 1819
Rio del Antonio. Spanish exi^lorer and author. 1/45 1/89
Rio' del' Deigo. Spanish Jesuit missionary I.i80 1644
Riordan, Patrick W m. Irish-Am. R. C. bishop. . 1841 .^.
Ripley, Eleazar W\ American major general ... 1^82 1839
Ripley, Ezra. American clergyman and writer. . l/ol 1841
RlpIey Geor.ge. Am. journalist and mis. writer 1802 1880
Ripley, Henrv Jones. Am. clergyman, author. ... 1^98 18^5
Ripley, James Wolfe. American soldier 1/94 18/0
Ripley, Roswell Sabine. Am. soldier, author 1823 1887
Ripon, Frederick J. R., Earl of Eng. statesman.. 1782 1859
Rlpon George F. S. R., Marq. of. Eng. statesman 182/ ....
Rising, Johan Claesson. Swedish colon governor 1600 ....
Rising, Willard B. Am. chemist and educator 18.!9 ....
Rlsley, Samuel Doty. Am. physician and writer 184d .
Risso, Antonio. Italian naturalist 1 ' i^' I84»
Ristorl, Adelaide. Italian actress 18-1 ■•■•
Rltch, John Warren. Am. archctect and ]0urn.. . 1822 ....
Ritchie, Alexander Hay. Scotch artist m Am 1822
Ritchie Anna C. Mowatt. Am. actress. author.... 1819 1870
Ritchie, Anna Isabella. English author.. .■}"' 'i^:
Ritchie David. Eng. revenue officer in America 1836 18/4
Ritchie, John W. Can. jurist and statesman 1808 _^
Ritchie, Robert. American naval officer i/9s is/u
Ritchie, Thomas. American journalist l//» 1834
Ritchie, Wm. J. Sir. Can. jurist and statesman.. 1813 ^
Ritner, Joseph. American statesman 1/80 1869
Rltschl, Alhrecht. «i?rman theologian. .... 1822 ^^_
Ritschl, Friedrich German classical scholar. ... 1806 18/6
Ritson, Joseph. English antiquary .v; USo ;?«
Rittenhouse, David. Am. astronomer and math 1,32 17^
Rlttenhouse, Wm. Dutch Mennonrte min. in .\m. 644 1^
Rltter, Abraham. American soldier and author.. 1792 IBbO
RITTER — RODMAN
1799
BORN
Eitter, August Heinricli. German philosopher... 1791
Ritter, Frt'dt5ric L. French-Am. music'u, author.. 1834
Ritter, Henry. Canadian artist 181(>
Ritter, Karl. German geographer 1779
Rltzema, Johannes. D. Ref. clergyra. and author 1710
Riva, Aguero Jose. Peruvian president 1783
Riva, Pahieio Slariano. Mexican statesman. .... . 1803
Rivadavia, Bernardino. Pres. Argentine Repub. 1780
Rivarol, Autoino. French satirist 1753
Rivera, Jose Fructuoso. President of Uruguay.. 17i<0
Rivero, de, Mariano Eduardo. Peruvian scien.. 1799
Rivers, Richard Henderson. Am. M. E. el., auth 18U
Rivers, William James. Am. edu. and author — 182'.!
Rives, Alfred Laudon. Fr. engineer in America. . 1830
Rives, Amelie. American authoress 1863
Rives, John Cook. Am. journalist and phllan — 1795
Rives, Judith Page Walker. American author. . . 1802
Rives, William Cabell. American statesman 1793
Rizzio, David. Italian favorite of Mary Stuart.. . 1540?
Riviere, Briton. English painter 1840
Rivington, James. Eng. journalist in America... 1724
Roach, Isaac. American soldier and mayor 1786
Roacll, John. Ir. iron-worker, ship-btiild. in Am 1815
Roane, John Selden. Am. soldier, statesman.. .. 1817
Roane, Spencer. Am. jurist audstatesman. .. .... 1762
Roane, William Harrison. American statesmaii. 1788
Robb, James. American banker and statesman.. 1814
Eobb, James Burch. Am. lawyer, legal writer 1817
Robb, James Hampden. Am. banker, statesman. 1846
Robbia, della, Luca. Florentine sculptor 1388?
Robbins, -Vmmi Iluhamab. Am. cl. and soldier. . 1740
Robbins, -Vshur. Am. lawyer and statesman 1757
Robbins, Chandler. Am. cl., educator, author.. 17;^
Robbins, Chandler. Am. clergyman and author. 1810
Robbins, Francis Le Baron. Am. Presby. clerg.. 1830
Robbins, Horace Walcott. American artist 1842
Robbins, Rensselaer D. C. Am. linguist, edu 1811
Robbins, Royal. American Cong. cl. and author. 1788
Robbins, Tliomas. Am. Cong. cl. ben. and auth. . 1777
Roberdeau, Daniel. West Indian soldier 1727
Roberdeau, Isaac. American soldier 1763
Robert I. Koh( rl Kruce. King of Scotland 1274
Robert II. Kingof Scot'd. 1st of house of Stuart 1316
Robert, Ann Maria. Am. phllan. WifeofC. R... 1802
Robert, Christopher R. Am. merchant, philan.. . 1802
Robert, Heury M. Am. engineer, sold'r.edn.. auth 1.H37
Robert, Joseph T. .\m. Baptist cl. and educator. 1807
Robert of Gloucester. Early English writer fl.
Roberts, Anna Smith. American poetess 1827
Roberts, Benjamin S. Am. sold'r, inventor, mfr. 18U
Roberts, Charles G. D. Canadian edu. and poet. 1860
Roberts, David. British painter 1796
Roberts, Kdmund Qnincy. Am. diplomat, author 178-4
Roberts, Ellis Henry. Am. statesman and author 1827
Roberts, George FJrooke. Am. civil engineer 18.33
Roberts, George Litch. American lawyer 1836
Roberts, George Washington. American soldier 1833
Roberts, Howard. American sculptor 1843
Roberts, James Booth. American actor 1818
Roberts, Job. .\merican agriculturist, author — 1757
Roberts, Johu Wright. Am. A. M. E. bishop 1815
Roberts, Jonathan. American statesman 1771
Roberts, Jomithan M. American metatihysician. 1821
Roberts, Joseph. Am. soldier and educator 1814
Roberts, Joseph Jenkins. First pres. of Liberia.. 1809
Roberts, Marshall Owen. Am. mer. and states, . . 1814
Roberts, Orau Milo. Am. jurist, states, and edu. 1815
Roberts, Robert Ellis. Am. merchant and auth. 1809
Roberts, Robert Richford. Am. M. E. Itishop. . . . 1778
Roberts, Samuel. American jurist 1763
Roberts, Solomon White. Am. civil eng., author 1811
Roberts, Thomas Paschall. Am. civil engineer.. 1843
Roberts, Wm. Welsh Presby. cl.edu., auth. in Am 1809
Roberts, Wm. Chas. Welsh-Am. cl. and author. . 1,S32
Roberts, William Milnor. Am. civil engineer. . . . 1810
Robertson, Alexander. Scotch artist, edu. in Am 1768
Robertson, Anthony Lispeimrd. Am. jurist 1808
Robertson, Archibald. S<:'otch artist, auth in .\m 1765
Robertson, Charles Franklin. Am. P. E. bishop. 1835
Robertson, Charlotte Reeves. American pioneer 1751
Robertson, Edward White. Am. lawyer, states'n 182S
Robertson, Frederick Wm. Eng. preacher, lect.. 1.S16
Robertson, (ieorge. -\m. statesman and author. 1790
Robertson, James. Scot, royal gov. of N.York.. 1710
Robertson, James. Am. pioneer in Tennessee.. .. 1742
Robertson, James Burton. British scholar 1800
Robertson, James Cragic. Brit, cl., eccles. hist. . 1813
Robertson, John. Am. jurist and statesman 1787
Robertson, John Parish. Scotchauthor in Am. .. 1793
Robertson, John Ross. Canadian journalist 1841
Robertson, Joseph. Scottish antiquarian 1811
Robertson, Joseph Gibb. Scot, states'n in Can.. 18'20
Robertson, Robert Henderson. Am. architect... 1849
Robertson, Samuel M. Am. statesman, soldier.. 1823
Robertson, Thomas Boiling. Am. statesman 1773
Robertson, Thomas James. American statesman 1823
Robertson, Thomas William. Eng. actor, author 1829
Robertson, William. Scottish historian 1721
Robertson, Wyndham. Am. statesman, author.. 1803
niED
1869
1891
1853
1859
1795
1858
1880
IMS
1801
1864
1857
1864
1882
1868
1566
1802
1848
1887
1867
1822
1845
1881
1876
1463
1813
1845
1799
1882
1882
1861
1856
1795
1829
1329
1390
1888
1878
1884
12,S0
1858
1875
1864
1836
1851
1875
18.^
1876
1880
1888
1843
1830
1882
1881
1841
1868
1835
1886
1843
1887
1853
1874
1788
1814
1877
1882
1873
1843
1866
1887
1828
187i
1793
1888
BOKN DIED
RODerval, de la, Jean. Sieur de. Fr. nobleman. . 1500? 1547
Robespierre, de, MaximilieuM. Fr.revolutiou't 1758 1794
Robeson, George M. Am. lawyer, sec'y of navy.. 1827
Robidaux, Joseph Emery. Can. lawyer and edu. 1844
Robie, Thomas. American physician and author 1689 1729
Robin, Charles Philippe. French histologist 1821 1885
Robin, Claude C. Fr. cl. and author in America. 1750 ....
Robin, Jean. French botanist 1650 1629
Robin Hood. Legendary English outlaw R. twelfth cJ
Robins, Benjamin. Eng. math. Fdr. sci. gunnery 1707 1751
Robins, Henry E. Am. Bapt. cl. and educator 1827
Robins, Thomas. Am. merchant and banker 1797 1882
Robinson, A.gnes Mary F. Eng. novelist and poet 1857
Robinson, Annie Douglas. American authoress. . 1842 ....
Robinson, Beverly. American soldier 1723 1792
Robinson, Beverly, .\mericau soldier 1755 1816
Robinson, Charles. Am. ])hys. jour., statesman.. 1818
Robinson, Charles S. Ana. cl. and hymn writer. . 1829
Robinson, Christopher. American soldier 1760 1798
Robinson, Christopher B. Canadian journalist.. 1837
Robinson, Conway. .\m. jurist, states., legal wr. 1805 1884
Robinson, David. Am. soldier and statesman 1754 1843
Robinson, Edward. .\m. philologist, bibl. critic. 1794 1863
Robinson, Ezekiel G. Am. clergymau, author.. , . 1815
Robinson, Fayette. American author 1815
Robinson, Frederick P., Sir. American soldier. . 1763 1852
Robinson, George D. Am. lawyer and statesman 1834 ....
Robinson, Harriet Hanson. .\m. authoress, jour 1825
Robinson, Henry Crabb. Eng. lawyer and author 1775 1867
Robinson, Horatio N. Am. mathematician, edu. 1806 1867
Robinson, James S. Am. soldierand statesman. 1827 ....
Robinson, John. Eng. Puritan divine and author 1.575 1625
Robinson, John. Am. soldier, bank president. . . 1761 1828
Robinson, John. Am. Pres. clergyman, educator 1768 1843
Robinson, John B., Sir. hart. Can. law., states'n 1791 1863
Robinson, John Beverly. Can. law., statesman. . 1.S'20
Robinson, John Cleveland. American soldier... . 1817 ....
Robinson, John Henry. English line engraver. . 1796 1871
Robinson, John M. A'merican jurist, statesman.. 1793 1843
Robinson, John Staniford. Am. law., statesman 1804 1860
Robinson, Jonathan. American law. .statesman. 1756 1819
Robinson, Lucius. American lawyer, statesman 1810 ....
Robinson, Matthew.. Baron Rokeby. Eng. St., an 1713 ISOO
Robinson, Merritt M. Am. lawyer, legal writer... 1810 1850
Robinson, ^lorris. Amerieansoldier.. 1759 1815
Robinson, Moses. American jurist, statesman.... 1741 1813
Robinson, Philips. PhU.Rubinmn. Eng. journalist 1849 —
Robinson, Samuel. American soldier, pioneer.... 1707 1767
Robinson, Samuel. Amerieansoldier 1738 1813
Robinson, Sarah Tappan D. American authoress. 1827
Robinson, Solon. American author 1803 1880
Robinson, Stillman W. Am. civ. engin'r, author. 1838 —
Robinson, Stuart. American divine 1816 1881
Robinson, Ther. A. L. von Jakob. Ger. auth. in Am. 1797 1869
Robinson, Thomas, D. D. Canon of Rochester. ... 1790 1873
Robinson, Wm. E. Irish-Am. journalist, statesm. 1S14 ....
Robinson, William H.. Sir. American soldier... 1766 1836
Robinson, Wm. S. Wnniiitilnn. Am. journalist.. 1818 1876
Robison, John. Scottish natural philosopher 1739 1805
Robitaille, Theodore. Can. phys. and statesman 1834 —
Robles, Pezuela Manuel. Mexican soldier 1810 1862
Rob Roy. Sobrrl Manircrjor. Scot, freebooter 1660? 17381
Koby, Honrv John. English educationist 1830
Rocafuertei Vicente. South Am. statesman 1783 1847
Rochambeau, de, Jean B. D. French general... 1725 1S07
Roche, de la, Alexander. Fr. soldier, colonizer. 1594 1667
Roche, .lames J. Ir. -Am. journalist and author.. 1847 ....
Roche, ReginaMaria. English novelist 1764 1845
Rochefort, de, Cesar. French author 1630 1691
Rochefort, Victor Henry. French journalist 1830 —
Rochefort-Lucay.de, Victor H. Fr. journalist. 1831 ....
Rochefoucauld. See La Rochefoucauld, de.
Rochejaquelein See La Rochejaquelein, de.
Rochester, John Wilmot. Earl. English courtier 1647? 1680
Rochester, Nathaniel. American pioneer 1752 1831
Rochester, Thomas F. Am. physician and author 18'23 1887
Rochester, William Beatty. American soldier... 1826 —
Rochette, Di?siri' Raoul. Fr. archaeologist 1789 1854
Rockingham, Charles W.W., Marq. Eng. states. 1730 1782
Rockwell, AlphonsoD. Am. phys. and author. . 1840 ....
Rockwell, Charles. Am. clergyman and author 1806 1882
Rockwell, JamesO. American poet and journ — 1808 18.31
Rockwell, Joel Edson. Am. cl. and author 1816 1882
Rockwell, John A. Am. jurist and statesman — 1803 1861
Rockwell, Julius. Am. jurist and statesman 1805 1888
Rockwood, Charles G. Am. mathe., scientist. . .1843 ....
Rockwood, George G. American photographer, . 1832 ....
Rodbertus, Johami Karl. German statesman — 1805 1876
Roddey, I'hilip Dale. Amerieansoldier 1818 —
Rodenbough.Theophilns F. Am. sold., author. . 1838 —
Roderic. Last king of the Visigoths of Spain 711
Rodes, Robert Emmett. Am. soldier, educator. . 1829 1864
Rodgers, Christopher R. P. Am. rear-admiral. . . 1819 —
Rodgers, George Washington. Am. commodore.. 1787 1832
Rodgers, George W. Commander in U.S. navy.. 1822 1863
Rodgers, John. American Presby. clergyman — 1727 1811
Rodgers, John. American commodore 1771 1838
Rodgers, John. SonoJ prrrrdinii. Am. rear adm. 1812 1882
Rodman, Isaac Peace. American soldier 1822 1862
ISOO
RODMAN — ROSSI
BOUN DIED
Rodman, Thomas J. Brevet Brig. -Geu., U. S. A.. . 1815 1871
Rodney, Csesar. Signer of Declaration of Indep. . 1728 1784
Rodney, Caesar Augustus. Am. law., states., sold 1772 1824
Rodney, George Brydges. Lord. Brit, admiral. - 1718 1792
Rodney, Daniel. American statesman 1764 1846
Rodney, Tbomiis. Am. statesman and soldier. ... 1744 1811
Rodriguez, Alfonso. Spanish religious author... 1526 1617
Rodriguez, Cayetauo Jose. Argentine cl., poet. . 1761 182o
Rodriguez, Diego. Mex. mathematician, author. 151*7 166S
Rodriguez, Manuel. Chilian patriot 1786 1818
Rodriguez, Manuel Domingo. Argentine states'n 1780 1S40
Roe, Azel Stdvens. .\m_erican author 1798 1886
Roe, Edward Payson. American novelist 183S 1888
Roe, Francis Asbury. .\merican naval otticer. . . .1823 ...
Roe, Henrv. Can. P. E. clergyman and author, .'.. 1829 —
Roebling,"John .\. Ger.-Am. civil engineer 1806 1869
Roebling, Washington A. ■'^onofJ.A. Am. civ. eng 1837 . , , ,
Roebuck, John Arthur. British politician 1801 1879
Roelker, Bernard. German lawyer in America. . 1816 1888
Roemer, Jean. Eug. edu. and author in Am 1815 ....
Roger, Juan. Spanish Jesuit missionary 1540 1618
Roger II. First king of Sicily 1097 1154
Rogers, Charles. Scotch author and antiquary. . 1825 ....
Rogers, Ebeuezer Piatt. .\m. cl. and author 1817 1881
Rogers, Ezekiel. Eng. cl. and benefactor in Am. 1590 1660
Rogers, rrai:iklin Whiting. American artist 18.54 ....
Rogers, George Clarke. American soldier 1838 ....
Rogers, Henry. English author 1807 1877
Rogers, Henry Darwin. Bro.nf W. B. Am. geol. ISOS 1866
Rogers, Henry J. American inventor and author 1811 1879
Rogers, Horatio. American lawyer and orator... 1836 ....
Rogers, James. Irish R. C. bp. and educ. in Am. 1826
Rogers, James Blythe. Brn. of W. II. Am. chemist 18U3 1852
Rogers, James E.T. English" political economist 1S24 1890
Rogers, James H. Am. electrician and inventor.. 1850 ....
Rogers, James W. Am. clergyman and author ... 1822 ...
Rogers, John. English divine and martyr 150O? 1.555
Rogers, John. English educator in America 1631 1684
Rogers, John. Am. foun. sect "Ro.gerenes," auth. 1648 1721
Rogers. John. American statesman 1789 ....
Rogers, John. American sculptor 1829
Rogers, Moses. Am. pioneer steam navigator. .. . 1780 1S22
Rogers, Nathaniel. Eng. Cong, clergyman in Am 1598 1655
Rogers, Nathaniel. American artist" 1788 1844
Rogers, Nathaniel Peabody. .\m. lawyer, journ. . 1794 1846
Rogers, Randolph, .\merican sculptor 1825 1892
Rogers, Robert. American soldier 1727 1800
Rogers, Robert Empie. Am. chemist and phy.s . 1813 1884
Rogers, Samuel. English poet . . 1763 1855
Rogers, Thomas J. Irish-.^m. statesman, journ . 1871 1832
Rogers, William. Am. Baptist cl. and educator.. 1751 1824
Rogers, William .\ugustus. Am. scien.. writer... 18:>2 ....
Rogers, William Barton. American physicist 1801 1882
Rogers, Woodes. English navigator .." 1665 1782
Roget, Peter Mark. Eng. physiologist and author 1779 1869
Ronan, de, Louis R. E., Prince. Fr. cardinal 1734 1803
Rohlfs, Gerhard. German traveler 1832
Rojas, J\ian Ramon Argentine poet 1784 1824
Rokitansky, Karl. .Austrian pathologist 1804 1878
Roland, Jlarie J. Phlipon. Fr. Girondist lady — 1754 1793
Roland de la Platiere, Jean JI. Fr. statesman ., 1734 1793
Rolander, Daniel. Sw. nat., educator and author 1720 1774
Rolfe, William J. .\m. Shakespearean editor. ... 1827 ....
Roll, Albert Philippe. French painter 1847
RoUe, Dennis. English colonist in .\merica 1730 1797
Rollin, Ambroise Lucien. West Indian historian 1692 1749
Rollin, Charles. French historian 1661 1741
Rollo oi- Hrolf. Ng. viking. Frst duke Normandy 860? 932
Rolllnat, Andre. French historian 1741 1793
Rollins, Alice W. Am. educator and authoress.. 1&17 ...
Rollins, Daniel G. American lawyer 1842 ...
Rollins, Edward H. .Am. states'n and R. R. pres 1824
Rollins, Ellen Chapman. American authoress . 1831 1881
Rollins. James S. Am. lawyer and statesman . 1812 1888
Rolph, John. English physician in Canada 1792 1870
Rolpll, John A. Artist and landscape engraver . . 179S 1862
Rolph, Thomas. Canadian phys. and author 1S20 1,883
Romalne, William. English divine 1714 1795
Roman, Andrew B. American statesman 17.S;> 1866
Romanes, (ieorge John. Eug. psyc hoi., zoologist 1S4S .,
Romanoff, Mikhail F. Founder reign'gRn. dyn.. 1.596 1645
Romans, Bernard. Dutch engineer and author. . 1720 1784
Romay, Tomas. Cuban phys., educator, author.. 1769 1849
Romer, Miss. English operatic singer 1816 1.S68
JRbmer, Olans. Danish astronomer ... 1644 1710
■Romero, Matias. Mexican statesman 18.37 ...
Romeyn, James. Am. Dutch Ref. clergyman 1597 18.59
Roraeyn, James Van C. Am. Dutch Ref. clerg . . 1765 1840
Romeyn, Jeremiah. Am. Dutch Ref. cl.. odu .... 1768 1818
Romeyn, John B. Am. Presbyterian clergyman.. 1777 1825
Romeyn, Nicholas. Am. phvs. and educator. 1756 1817
Romeyn, Theodoric. Called Dlrck. Am. theolo. 1744 1804
Romeyn, Theodore B. Am. Dutch Ref. clergym'n 1.S27 1885
Romilly, Samuel, Sir. Eng. lawyer, statesman.. . 1757 1818
Romney, <»eorgo. English painter ITU 1802
Ronayne, Maurice. Irish-.\m. Jesuit, educator.. . 1828 —
Ronckendorff, William. American naval officer. 1812 .
Rondeau, .lose. .Argentine soldier 1773 1834
■ Rondelet, Guillaunie. French savant 1507 1566
EOBN DIBD
Rondthaler, Edward. Am. Moravian clergyman 1817 1855
Ronge, Johannes. German Catholic schismatic. 1813 1887
Ronne, Ludwig M. P. German jurist 1804
Ronsard, de, Pierre. French poet 1524 1585
Rood, Ogden Nicholas. Am. scientist and edu... 1831
Rooke, George, Sir. British admiral 1650 1709
Roon, von, Albrecht Theodor Emil. Ger.gen... 1803 1879
Roorhacll, Orville Augustus. Am. publisher 1803 1861
Roos, William Charles. Miniature painter 1794 1860
Roosa, Daniel Bennett St. J. Am. phys. and edu. 1838
Roosevelt, Cornelius Van S. Am. mer., philan.. 1794 1871
Roosevelt, Hilborue Lewis. American inventor. 1849 1886
Roosevelt, James Henry. Am. philanthropist... 1800 1863
Roosevelt, James John. Am. jurist, statesman.. 1795 1875
Roosevelt, Nicholas J. American inventor 1767 1854
Roosevelt, Robert B. Am. statesman, diplomat. . 1829
Roosevelt, Theodore. Am, mer.. philanthropist.. 1831 1878
Roosevelt, Theodore. Am. statesman, author 1858
Root, David. Am. Presbv. cl. and philanthropist. 1790 1873
Root, Eiihu. American lawyer 1845 ....
Root, Erastus. American lawyer and statesman. . 1773 1846
Root, Frederic W'. Am. musician and composer. . 1846 ...
Root, George F. American musical composer 1820 ....
Root, Jesse. American jurist and statesman 1737 1822
Ropes, John.Codman. American author 18,36 ....
Rosa, Euphrosyne Parepa. Singer 1836 1874
Rosa, Sal vator. Italian painter '1615 1673
Rosa of Lima, Santa. Peruvian nun 1586 1617
RosaS; de, Juan Manuel. Argentine dictator 1793 1877
Rosatl, Joseph. Italian R. C. bishop in America. 1789 1843
ROSbrugh, John. Scottish cl. and soldier in Am. 1714 1777
Roscher, Wilbelm. German economist 1817 ....
Roscio, Juan German. Venezuelan statesman... 1769 1821
Roscher, Wilhelm. German political ecouomist. 1817
Roscoe, Henry Enfield, Sir. English chemist 18.33
Roscoe, Thomas, English author and poet 1791 1871
Roscoe, William. English historian 1753 1831
Roscommon, \N'entworth D.. Earl of. Eng. poet.. 1633? 1684
Rose, .\qnilla. English poet in America 1695 1723
Rose, Chauncey. Am. merchant, philanthropist. 1794 1817
Rose, Ernestine L. L. P. Polish reformer in Am.. 1810 ....
Rose, George. English author 1817 1882
Rose, George Maclean. Scot, publisher in Can. .. 1829 ....
Rose, Gustav. Ger. mineralogist, crystallograph. 1798 1873
Rose, Heinrich. Brothrr of Gustav. Ger. chemist 1795 1864
Rose, Henrv John. English author 1801 1873
Rose, Hugh Henry, Lord. British general ISO:^ 1885
Rose, Hugh James. English divine and author.. 1795 1838
Rose, John. Sir. Scottish statesman in Canada. . 1820
Rose, Thomas EUwood. American soldier ..1830
Roseberry, Archibald P. Primrose. Brit, states.. 1847
Rosebrugb, Abner M. Can. phys. educator 1835
Rosecrans, Sylvester H. American bishop 1827 1878
Rosecrans, ^ViIliam Starke. American general.. 1819 —
Roselius, Christian. Ger.-Am. jurist, philan — 1803 1873
Roselllnl, Ippolito. Italian Egyptologist ISOO 1843
Rosen, Friedrich August. German orientalist — 1805 1837
Rosengarten, Joseph G. Am. law. orator and w'r 1835 —
Rosenkrarz. Johaun K. F. Ger. philosopher.. .. 1805 1879
RosenmuUer, Ernest F. K. Ger. Biblical critic. . 1768 1835
RosenmliUer, JohannC. German anatomist 1771 1820
Rosentlial, Louis. .American author 1856
Rosenthal, Max. Polish artist in America 1833
Rosier, James. English explorer 1575 1635
Rosini, Giovanni. Italian author 1776 1855
Rosmini-Serbatl, Antonio. It. philosopher 1797 1855
Rosny, de, L^on. French orientalist 1837
Ross, -Vlexander. English soldier in America. .. . 1742 1827
Ross, Alexander. Scottish edu. and author in Am 1783 1856
Ross, -Vlexander Coffman. American merchant.. 1812 1883
Ross, -Vlexander Milton. Canadian naturalist. .. 1832
Ross, David. .American statesman 1750 ....
Ross, Edmund Gibson. .\m. statesm. and journ. 1826 ....
Ross, Frederick .Augustus. Am. Presb. clergyman 1796 1823
Ross, George. Signer of the Dec. of Independence 1730 1779
ROSS, George William. Can. states'n. educator. . 1§41 ....
Ross, James. American lawyer and statesman. 1762 1847
ROSS, James. Canadian educator 1811
Ross, James. Can. educator, lawyer, journalist.. 1835 1871
Ross, James Clark. Sir. British Arctic nav 1800 1862
Ross, John. American lawyer 1714 1776
Ross, John. Scottish merchant in .America 1726 1800
Ross, Johu, Sir. British Arctic navigator 1777 1856
Ross, John. Sir. English soldier in America 1829
Ross, John, or Koowes-koowe. H'd Cherokeechf. 1790 1866
Ross, John. Irish statesman. journalist in Can.. 1818 1871
"Ross, John Jones. Can. physician and statesman. 1832 —
Ross, Lawrence Sullivan. American soldier 1838
Ross, Leonard Fulton. .Am. soldier, statesman.. 1823 —
Ross, Robert. English major general in .America. 1770 1814
Ross-Church. Florence, b, Marrvat. Eng.author. 1837 —
Rosse, William P., Third Earl of. Eug. astron... . 1800 1867
Rosser, Leonidas. Am. M. E. cl. and author 1815
Rosser, Thomas L. .Am. soldier and engineer — 1836 —
Rossetti, Christina Georgina. Italian poetess. . . 1830 —
Rossetti, Dante G. English painter and poet 1828 1882
Rossetti, William M. Italiau critic and writer. . 1829 —
Rossi, Ernesto. Italian actor 1829 —
Rossi, Pellegrino. Count. Italiau statesman 1787 1848
ROSSI — RYERSON
1801
_ . , BOBS DIED
KOBSi, ae, Uiovanni B, Italian archaologist is2-2
Rossini, Gioachiino A. Italian composer 1792 1868
Kosslter, Thomas P. American painter 1818 1871
Rest, Pierre Adolph. Am. jurist and statesman. 1797 1868
Eost, Reinhold. English orientalist 1822
RostoptcMn, Feodor. Count. Russian general. . 1765 i826
Rotch, Arthur. American architect 1850
Rotch, Charity E. .\merican Dhllanthropi.st 1766 1824
Roth, John Moravian miss, a'nd linguist in Am. 1726 1791
Roth, von, Rudolph. German orientalist 1S21
Rothe, Richard. German divine 1799 is67
Rothermel, Peter Frederick. American painter. 1817
Rothrock, Jo.-seph T. Am. physician and educator 1839
Rothschild. -\nselm. Baron. Financier 1773 1855
Rothschild, James. Baron. Banker 1792 1868
Rothschild, Lionel, Baron de R. Eng. bank., M.P. 1808 1879
Rothschild, Mayer A. Jewish banker Frankfort. . 1743 1812
Rothschild, Xathau Mayer. Financier in London 1777 1836
Rothschild, de, Nathaniel M.. 1st Lord Rothschild 1840 . .
Rotours, Jean Julian A. B. Fr. colonial gov 1773 isii
Rotscher, Dr. X. T. German writer 1802 1871
Rotteck, von, Karl. Ger. historian and states . 1775 1S40
Rottermund, de. Baron. Fr. geologist in Canada 1813 1858
Rottmann, Karl. German painter 1798 1S50
Rouarie, de la, Marqni.s. See Abmand, Charles, Count.
Roublliac, Louis Francois. French sculptor 1695 1762
Rougemont, de, Frederic Constant. Swiss divine 1S2S 1876
Rouget de lisle, Claude Joseph. Fr. poet, mus. . 1760 1836
Rouher, Eusene. French statesman 1.S14 1884
Roumanille, Joseph. Provencal poet 18I8
Roumfort, Augustus Louis. French soldier 1796 is7S
Round, \\ illiam M. F. .\m. prison ref. and author liHo
Rouquette, Adrien. Am. Ind. miss, and author. 1813 is87
Rouquette, Francois D. Am. lawyer and author. 1810
Rous, Francis. English Puritan writer 1579 i659
Rous, Henry John. British admiral and sportm. 1795 1877
Rous, John. American naval officer 1760
Rousseau, Jean Baptiste. French lyric poet 1670 1741
Rousseau, Jean J. Fr.philos., w'r.born in Geneva 1712 1778
Rousseau, LovellH. Am. law., sol. and statesm.1818 1869
Rousseau, Pierre Etienue T. Fr. landscape paiu'rl812 1867
Roussel, Gabriel Edmund. French explorer 1717 1781
Roussel, Napoleon. French Protestant divine. .. 1805 1878
Rousset, CamiUe F<'Aix Michel. Fr. historian. . 1821
Roustam, or Roustem or Rustum. Persian hero. fl.B.c. 600
Routh, Edward John. English scientist 18.31
Routh, Martin Joseph. Eng. scholar and divine. 1755 1854
Routh, Randolph J.. Sir. Eng. states, in Am 1787 1858
Roux, Joseph P. Fr. surgeon and pathologist. .. 1780 1854
Roux, de, Rochelle Jean B. G. FV. his., dip. In Am 1762 1849
Rowan, John. Am. jurist, statesman and diplora 1773 18.33
Rowan, Stephen Clegg. American rear admiral. 1808 1890
Rowan, William, Sir. Irish soldier in Canada. . 1789 1879
Rowe, Nicholas. English dramatist 1673 171S
Rowland, Henry .\ngustus. Am. cl. and author. . 1804 18.59
RowU.nd, Henry A. Am. civil engineer, writer. 1848
Rowley, Thomas Algeo. Am. soldier and lawyer. 1808
Rowley, William. English dramatist ' fl. 17th e.
Rowley, William Reuben. American soldier 1824 1886
Rowlon, Susanna. English novelist 1762 1834
Rowse, Samuel Worcester, .\merican artist l.';22
Rowson, Charlotte. English actress in America. 1779 18.55
Roxburgh, William. Scottish botanist 17.59 1S15
Royal, Joseph. Can. statesman and author 1837
Royall, Anne. American jourualist and author. 1769 1854
Royall, Isaac. .\ni. soldier and benefactor 1720 17.S1
Royall, William Bedford. American soldier ... Itii.'S
Royce, Homer Elihu. Am. jurist, statesman 1.S2I)
Royce, Josiah. American author i.s.i.5
Royce, Stephen. Am. jurist and statesman .17.87 1.S68
Roye, Edward J. Am. merch..pres. of Liberia 1815 1872
Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul. French statesman. 1763 1845
Roze, Pierre Gustave. French naval officer 1812 1882
Ruben, Christoph. German painter I.s05 IS75
Rubens, Peter Paul. Flemish painter .1.577 1640
Rubinstein, Anton G. Russian corap. pianist . 1S29 . ..
Rucker, Daniel Henry. American soldier 1812
Ruckert, Friedrich. Ger. orientalist and poet 1788 1.S66
Ruckert, Heinrich. German historian l.«!23 1875
Rudheck, Olaus. Swedish botanist. . 1630 1702
Rudherg, Fredrik.- Swedish phvsicist . i.^iOO 1839
Rudd, John Churchill. .\m. P. E. clerg. journ. . . 1779 1848
Rude, Francis. French sculptor 178J 1855
Rudolph of Hapsburg. Emperor of Germanv . . 1218 1291
Rudolph, Michael, .\merican soldier *. , , . 17.54
Rudolphi, Karl Asmund. Swedish physiologist.. 1771 IS.'B
Rudorf, van, Cornells. South American artist.. 1769 WK
Ruff, Charles Frederick. -Vm. lawyer, soldier. . 1818 1.885
Rufhn, Edmund. .Vm. agriculturist, statesman... 1794 1865
Ruffln, George Lewis. .\m. jurist, statesman 1834 1S.S6
Ruffin, Thomas. Am. jurist and statesman 1787 1870
Rufflni, Giovanni D. Lnrrtizo Benoni. Ital. pat. . 1807 1881
Ruge, Arnold. Ger. publicist and journalist 1802 1880
Rugendas, Georg Phjlipp. German painter 1666 1742
Rugendas, Jobann M. German artist. 1802 1858
Ruger, Thomas H. .\m. soldier and engineer. 18.33
Ruger, William C. Am. jurist and statesman. 1824 .
Ruggles, Benjamin. Am. statesman and jurist. . 1783 1857
T> 1 IN . , BOBN DIED
Ruggles, Daniel. American soldier I810
Ruggles, Charles H. Am. jurist and statesman. . 1789 1865
Ruggles, Edward. American physician, artist. . 1817 1867
Ruggles, George David. American soldier 1833
Ruggles, Johu. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1730 1874
Ruggles, Samuel B. Am. lawver and diplomat 180O 1881
Ruggles, Timothy. Am. jurist, statesman, sold'r 1711 1795
Ruggles, \\illiam. Am. educ. and benefactor ..1797 1877
Ruhinkorff, Heinrich D. German mechanician. 1803 1877
Runnken, David. German philologist.. 1723 1798
Ruinart, Thierri. French martvrologist 1657 1709
Ruisch or Ruysch, Frederic. Dutch anatomist. . 1638 1731
Rulison, Nelson S. Am. P. E. bishop 1812
Rumford, Benj.T., Count. Am. natural philos . 17,53 1814
Rumford, Sarah, Countess of Rumford. Am. phi 1774 1852
Ruminagui Peruviau soldier . 1534
Rumphius, Georg Everhard. German botanist .. 1637 1706
Rumple, Jethro. Am. Presbv. cl. and author. . . . 1S27
Rumsey, Benjamin. Continental Congressman . 1730 ...
Rumsey, James. American inventor 1743 1792
Rumsey, Julian Sidney. American merchant 1823 1886
Rundt, Charles Godfrey. German missionarv 1713 1764
Runebergj Johan L. Finnish poet and scholar... I8O4 1877
Runjeet Singh. Maharajah and fdr. of Sikh emp. 1780 1839
Runkle, Cornelius A. American lawver 1832 1888
Runkle, John D. Am. mathematician, educator. 1822 .
Runkle, Lucia Isabella American authoress 1844
Rupert, Prince. German warrior uay ]682
Rupp, Israel Daniel. American author 1803 1878
Ruppell, Wilhelm P. E. S. German traveler 1794 1884
Rurik. Founder of the Uussian empire... 879
Kuscbenberger, William S. W. Am. naturalist.. 1807 ..
Rush, Benj. Am. physician. Signer of Dec .of Ind. 1745 18'3
Rush, Christopher. Am. A. M. E. Zion bishop... 1777 1873
Rush, Jacob, American jurist and author 1746 1820
Rush, James. Am. physician. philanthropist 1786 1869
Rush, Phcebe Ann. American. Wife of James 1797 1857
Rush, Richard. Am. statesman and diplomatist. 1780 1859
Rush, \Mlliam American sculptor ]7.-,fi 1S33
Rusk, Jeremiah McLaiu. Am. soldier, statesman 1830
Rusk, Thomas J. American general, statesman 1802 1857
Ruskin, John. English art-critic 1819
Russ, Horace P. American inventor 1821 1863
Russ, JohnD. Am. physician and philanthropist 1801 1881
Russell, Alexander J. Scot.survevor.eng. in Can. 1807 .
Russell, Archibald. Scot, edu., philan. in Am. .. 1811 1871
Russell, Benjamin. Am. statesman, journalist.. 1761 1845
Russell, Henry. Eng. vocalist, composer in Am. 1810
Russell, Israel Cook. Am. geol.. edu. and author 1852
Russell, John, Earl. English statesman 1792 1878
Russell, John Henry. .\ui. naval officer 1827 :...
Russell, Jonathan. Am. diplo., states., writer 1771 1832
RusseU, Noadiab. American cl. and educator. . . 1659 1713
Russell, Peter. Eng. administrator in Canada. .. 1755 1825
Russell, Richard. English colonist and states. . 1612 1674
Russell, William. Am. clergjman and educator. 1690 1761
Russell, William. Scottish historian 1741 1793
Russell, William. Am. edu. and elocutionist 1798 1873
Russell, William. Lord. English patriot 1639 1683
Russell, William H. War cor. of London Times. . 1821
Rustow, Wilhelm. Germau military writer 1821 1878
Ruter, Martin. Americau clergjman and author 1785 1838
Rutgers, Henry. Colonel. Am. patr't and philan. 1715 1830
Rutherfoord, John. Am. soldier and statesman. 1792 1866
Rutherfoord, John Coles. Am. lawver. states. . 1825 1866
Rutherfoord, Thomas. Scot-Am. m'erch., bene.. . 1766 1852
Rutherford, Daniel. Scottish physician 1749 1819
Rutherford, Friend S. Am. law ver and soldier. . 1820 1864
Rutherford, tirifflth. Irish sol., statesm. in Am. 1731 1800
Rutherfurd, John. Am. lawver and statesman.. . 1760 1840
Rutherfurd, Lewis M. Am. lawver. scientist 1816
Rutledge, Edward. Signer of the Dec. of Ind. . 1749 1800
Rutledge, Edward. Am. clergvman. educator... . 1797 1823
Rutledge, Francis H. American P. E. bishop 1799 1866
Rutledge, Hugh. Am. jurist and statesman. .■ 1741 1811
Rutledge, John Am. statesman and jurist 1739 1800
Rutledge, John. American statesman 1766 1819
Ruttenber, Edward M. American antiriuarv 1824
Ruxton, George F. A. Eng. traveler and author. . 1820 1848
Ruysdael, Jacob. Dutch landsc. marine painter 1630? 1681
Ruyter, de, Michel A. Dutch admiral 1607 1679
Ruz, Joaquin. Mexican linguist and author 1772 1850
Ryall, Thomas Henry. Eng. historical engraver. 1811 1867
Ryan, .\bram Joseph. Irish-American poet 1S39 1886
Ryan, Edward George. Irish jurist, states, in Am 1810 1880
Ryan, (ieorge Parker. .American naval officer 1842 1877
Ryan, James. Irish R. C. bishop in America 1848
Ryan, I'atrick. Irish R. C. archibishop in Am. . 1831
Ryan, Stephen V. American R. C. bishop 1825
Ryan, William Albert C. American soldier 1M3 1873
Ryan, Williiim Thomas. Can. journ. and author. 18.39
Rydberg. Abraham Victor. Swedish author 182i) .,,..
Ryder, .\lbert Pickham. American artist 1847 ....
Ryder, James. Irish educator in America 1800 1860
Ryder, Piatt Powell. American artist 1821 ...
Ryder, William Henrv. American clergvman 1822 1888
Ryerson, .\dolphus Egerton. Can. educationist 1803 1882
Ryerson, John. Canadian M. E. preacher .1800 1878
1802
RYBR SON — SANCHEZ
BORN DIED ]
Rverson, Martin. American philanthropist 181S 1887
Eylance, Joseph H. Eng. cl. and author in Am.. 1826
Eyland Robert. Am. clergyman and educator.. ISOo —
Ryle, John Charles. English bishop and writer.. 1816 ....
Kymer, Thomas. English antiquary 1689? 1(13
Rysbrack, Michael. Flemish sculptor 1694? 1770
Eysbrack, Peter. Flemish painter 1657 1716
Saa de Miranda. Portuguese poet. 1495? 1558
Saad-ed Deen, Mohammed. Turkish historian. . Ia36 1599
Saadi See S^'di
Saadia Ben j! Saadias-Gaon. Jewish writer . 892 942
Saavedra, Guzman Antouio. Mexican poet Ir>o0 1620
Saavedra, de. Angel. Spanish poet -^ 1791 1865
Saavedra y Fajardo, Diego. Spanish diplomatist lob4 1648
Sabatel, Sevi. Jewish impostor 1626 16/6
Sabatier, Louis Auguste. Fr. Protestant theo.. .. 1839 .^;.
Sabellius African bishop and antitrinitanan... fl.2oV!
Sabln, Dwight M. Am. statesman and mill owner 1844
Sabin, Elijah Robinson. Am. M. E. clergyman. .. 1776 1818
Sabin, Joseph. English bibliophile in -Vmerica.. 1821 1881
Sahine, Edward, Sir. British physicist 1788 1883
Sabine, Lorenzo. American author 1803 1877
Sacchini, Antonio Maria Gasparo. It. composer. 1735? 1786
Sacher-Masoch, von, Leopold R. Aust. author,. 1836 —
Sacheverell, Henry. E„g. divine and politician. 1672? 1724
Sachs, llaus. German cobbler and poet 1494 1577
Sack, Karl Heinrich. German theologian 1790 1875
Sacket, Delos Bennet. American soldier 1822 1885
Sackett, William A. .\m. lawyer and statesman. 1812 —
Sackville, George. Eng. general and statesman.. 1716 1785
SackvUle, See Dorset, Earl of.
Saco, Jose Antouio. Cuban educator and author 1797 1879
Sacy, de, A. I. Sylvestre. French orientalist 1758 1838
Sacy, de, Samuel Ustazade S. Fr. polit. writer... ISOl 1879
Sa'di, Shaikh Maslah-uddin S. S. Persian poet. . . 1175? 1292
Sadler, Michael Thomas. English publicist 1780 1835
Sadler, Ralph, Sir. English statesman 1507 1587
Sadlier, Anna Theresa. Canadian author 1854
Sadlier Louise. German painter. 1780 1866
Sadlieri Mary Anne, born Madden. Am. auth'ess 1820 —
Sadoleto, Jacopo. Ital. cardinal and author 1477 1547
Sadtler, Benjamin. .\ni. clergyman and educator 1823 —
Sadtler, Samuel Philip. Am. chemist and writer 1847
Sa'd-uddin, Muhammad Effendi. Turkish hist.. 1536 1599
Saffold, Reuben. Am. jurist and statesman 1788 1847
Safford, James M. Am. geologist and writer 1822
Safford, Truman Henrv. Am. math, and astrou. . 1836
Safford, William H. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1821
Sagasta, Praxedes Mateo. Spanish statesman. .. 1827
Sage, Gardner Avery. Am. surveyor and philan.. 1813 1882
Sage, Henry W. Am. lumber dealer and philan. . 1814 —
Sage, Russell. Am. Congressman and financier.. 1816 .... ■
Sagean, Mathieu. Canadian explorer 1655 1710
Sager, Abram. Am. physician, educator, geolo. . . 1810 1877
Sagon, Francois. French poet sixteenth c.
Sagra, Ramon de la. Spanish botanist, economist 1798 1871
Sahagun, de, Bernardino. Spanish R. C. miss'y 1590
Saint Anthony. See A.nthony, Saint.
Saint-Arnaud, de, Arnaud J. A. L. Fr. marshal. 1801 18.^5
SaintAubin, de, Augustin. French engraver ,. 1736 1807
Saint Castin, de, Jean V. de I'A., Bar. Fr. col'n'st 1650 1712
Saint Clair Arthur, .\merican general 1734 1818
Saint Come', Johh F. B. French miss'y from Can. 1658 1707
Saint-Cyr. See Gouvion Saint-Cyr.
St. Cyr, John M. I. Fr. R. C. missionary in Am. . 1804 1883
Sainte-Aldegonde, de, Phil, van M. Flem. states. 1548 1598
Sainte-Beuve, Charles A. French literary critic. 1805 1869
Sainte-Claire-Devllle, Charles. Fr. geologist 1814 1876
Sainte-Claire-DevUle, Henri E. French chemist 1818 1S81
Sainte-Croix, Gaetau X. G. de P. French soldier 1708 1762
Sainte-Croix, de, Guillaume E. J. Fr. scholar ... 1746 1809
Sainte-Croix, de, Louis M. P. E.deR. W.I. agric. 1809 ....
Salnt-Evremond, de, C. deM.deS.D., S. Fr. wit 1613 1703
Saint Gaudens, Augustus. Irish sculptor in Am 1848 —
Saint Gaudens, Louis. American sculptor 1851
St. George, Thomas Bligh, Sir. English soldier. . 1765 1837
Saint-Georges, de, Jules 11. V. Dram, author. .. 1801 1875
Saint-Germain, de, Count. Adventurer in Paris 1730? 1784
Salnt-Hilaire. See Geoffroy S.iiNT-HiLAiRE.
Saint-Hllalre, de, Auguste. French writer 1837 1889
Saint-Hllalre, de, Augustin F.C.P. Fr. botanist 1799 1853
Saintin, Jules Emile. French artist in America. 1829 —
Salntlne, Joseph X. Boniface. French author. .. 1797 186d
Saint John, Bavle. English author 1822 18.59
Saint John, Isaac Monroe. American engineer.. 1827 1880
Saint John, James Augustus. Eng. trav., author 1801 1875
Saint-John, Percy B. English author 1821
Saint John, Pierce. Am. sol. law. and statesm'n 1833 —
Saint-Just, de, Louis Antoine. Fr. revolutionist 1767 1794
Saint-Just, de, Luc Letelliere. Can. statesman. 1820 1881
Saint-Lambert, de, Jean C. F..JIarq. Fr. poet. . 1716 1803
Saint-Leger, Barry. Col. Brit, officer in Am 1737 li89
Saint-Leonards, Edward B.S.. Baron. Eng. jur. 1781 18.o
Saint-Luc. de, La Corne. Fr. sold., states, in Can 1712 li84
Saint-Lusson. de- Simon F. D. S. Fr. offi. in Can
BORN DIED
Saint-Martin, Antoine Jean. Fr. orientalist . . 1791 1832
Saint-Martin, de, Louis C. Marq. Fr. metaphys 1743 1803
Saint-Memln, de, Charles B.J. F. Fr. art. in Am 1770 1852
Saint-Ours, Charles L. E. Can. states., soldier, 1753 1834
Salnt-Ours, Francis Xavier. Can. soldier 1714 1759
Saint-Ours, de, Jean Baptiste. Can. soldier.. .. 1668 1747
Saint-Pierre, de, C. 1. C.Ahbi?. Fr. pol.econo... 1658 1743
Saint-Pierre, de, Jacques H.B. French author.. 1737 1814
Saint-Priest, de, Alexis G., Count. Fr. historian 1805 1851
Salnt-Eeal, de. Joseph R.V. Canadian jurist. . .. 1787 1847
Saint-Eeal, de, Ci-sar v.. AbbcJ. Savoyard hist.. . 1639 1692
Salnt-Saens, Charles Camille. French musician 1835 . ..
Saint-Simon, de, Claude H.. Count. Fr.;socialist 1760 1825
Saint-Simon, de, Louis deR.. Due. Fr. memoirist 1675 1755
Saint-Victor, de, Paul. French author 1821 —
Salsset, Emile E. French philosophical writer.. . 1814 1863
Sajous, Charles E. Fr. phvs.. edu.. lect. and w'r. . 1862
Sala, George Augustus Henry. Eng. littijrateur. . 1828 ....
Saladin. Sultan of Egypt and Syria 1137 1194J
Salas, Mariano. Mexican soldier 1797 1867
Salaverry, de, Felipe Santiago. Peruvian soldier 1806 1836
Salazar De Espinosa, de, Juan. Sp. sold'r. stats — 1566
Salazar, de, Diego. Spanish soldier 1521
Salazar, Jose Maria. Colombian poet 1785 1828/
Salcedo, Francisco. Mex. monk, educator, author 1550
Saldanha Oliveira e Daun.Jolo C.,D. of. Prt. stat 1791 1876
Sale, George. English orientalist 1680 1/36
Sale, Robert Henrv, Sir. British general 1782 1845
Sales, Francis. French educator and author 1771 1854
Sales, de, Laterriere P. Can. surgeon, polit. w'r. 1789 1834
Sales, Laterriere M. P. Can. surgeon and states. 1792 . . ._
Salfi, Francesco. Italian author 1759 1832
Salierl, .\utonio. Italian musical composer 1750 1825
Salinas y Cordoba, de, Buenaventura. Per.R.C.cl — 1653
Salisbury, Edward Elbridge. Am. philologist. . 1814 ....
Salisbury, Evelyn. Wife oj £. E. Am. authoress 1823 ....
Salisbury, James Henrv. Am. phys.. lecturer — 18-23 —
Salisbury, Robert A. T. G. Cecil. Eng. statesman. 1830 ....
Salisbury, Svlvcster. Eng. soldierin America 1680
Salles, de, Eusebe Francois, Count. Fr. oriental't 1797 1873
Sallust. Roman historian B.C. 86 35
Salm-Salm, Agnes. Am. actress, philanthropist. 1842 1881
Saim-Salm, Felix. Prince. Prussian soldier 1828 1870
Salmasius, Claudius. French scholar 1588 1653
Salmon, George. Eng. divine, mathematical w r 1819 —
Salnave, Svlvain. Haytian soldier 1832 18/0
Salomon, Frederick. Prus. sold., surveyor in Am 1826 ._...
Salomon, Havm. Prussian financier 1710 1/85
Salomon, Johaun P Ger. violinist and composer 174o 1815
Salomon, Louis E. Felicite. President of Hayti. . 1820 1888
Salpointe, JeanB. Fr. R. C. abp., edu. in Am.... 182d ....
Salt, Henry. Euglish antiquary 1/85 1827
Salt Titus. Sir. English manufacturer 1803 Ib/b
Salter, Ricl>ard. Am. clergyman, benefactor 1723 1789
Salter, William. Euglish painter. 1804 1875
Salter, William D. American naval ofBcer 1/94 1869
Saltonstall, Dudlev. American naval officer 1738 1/96
Saltonstall, Gurdon. Am. Pres. cl. and governor 1666 1/24
Saltonstall, Leverett. American soldier. .^ 17o4 1782
Saltonstall, Leverett. Am. lawyer and author. . 1/83 1845
Saltonstall, Leverett. Am. lawyer and compiler 18'25 .^^.
Saltonstall, Nathaniel. American councillor. ... Itm9 17077
Saltonstall, Nathaniel. American physician.... 1746 1815
Saltonstall, Richard, Sir. Puritan m Mass. colo. lo86 .1658
Saltonstall, Richard. Eng. pio. and states.in Am. 1610 1694
Saltonstall, Richard American jurist. 1/03 1/S6
Saltonstall, Richard. American soldier 1;32 178S
Saltonstall, Wm. W. Am. assignee in bankruptcy 1/93 1862
Saltoun, Alex. G. F.. Lord. Def. of Hougoumont 1/85 1863
Saltus, Edgar. American author ........ 18.^8 ^^^
Salvandy, Narcisse A., Comte. French author.. . 1.9d 1856
Salvador, Joseph. French historian 1/96 1873
Salvatlerra, de, Juan Maria. It.R.C.miss I64» I7i7
Salvator Eosa. See Rosa, Salvatob. .
Salvert, du, Perier. French col. governor in Am. 1690 ^
Salviati, Francesco R. Cccco Hoxfi. It. painter. . loIO 1568
Salvini, Tommaso. Italian tragedian. .... ..^.... 18cl0 .■■■
Salzmann, Joseph. Aus. R. C. cl.. jour, in Am. .1819 1874
Samoset. First Indian who visited the Pilgrims in 1621.
Sample, Robert Fleming. Am. cl. and author. ... 18^9 .^^
Sampson, Deborah. Am. heroine and authoress. 1^60 18OT
Sampson, Ezra. Am. journalist and author .... 1/49 l^a
Sampson, Francis Smith. Am. evan.. educator. . 1814 1854
Sampson, John Patterson. Am. cl. and journalist 1837 . .^
Sampson, William. Irish lawyer, author in Am.. 1/64 1836
Sampson, William Thomas. Am. naval officer... IMO . .
Samson, George W. Am. clergyman, educator... 1819
Samuels, Adelaide F. Am. educator and author. IMS ...
Samuels, Edward Augustus. Am. naturalist. .. IS* ....
Samuels, Samuel. Am. navigator and author. 1825 ....
Samuels, Susan B.C. Am. educator and author. 1848 ....
Sanborn, Charles Henry. Am. phys., statesman 182-2 .__.
Sanborn, Edwin D. Am. educator, statesman .. 1808 1886
Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin. Am.journalist .. 1831 ...
Sanborn, John Ben. Am. lawyer and statesnian. 1826 .^
Sanborn. John Sewell. Am. jurist, states in Can 1819 1877
Sanborn, Katherine A. Am. educator and author 18o9 . . ^
Sanches, Affonso. Portuguese navigator 1430 1486
Sanchez, Francisco. Spanish scholar 1523 1601
S A .\ C H E Z — S C A R B 0 R 0 U G H
IbUc
EOBX DIED
Sancnez, Labrador J. Span. Jesuit, missionarv 1717 1799
Sancroft, William, Kug, prelate. Archbp, Caht. 1616 1693
Sanctis, de, Francesco. Italian author 1m8 18s3
Sand, lieorge. See Dvdev.\nt,
Sand, Karl L. German student, political fanatic 1795 1820
Sandby, Paul. English painter 1732 1809
Sandeau, Leonard Sylvian Jules. Fr. novelist. . isu 18S3
Sandeman, Robert. Scottish divine 1718 1771
Sanders, Daniel C. Am. Cong, el, and educator. 1768 1850
Sanders, Elizabeth Elkins, American authoress 1762 1851
Sanders, John, American soldier and engineer,, isio 1858
Sanders, William Price, American soldier 1833 1863
Sanderson, John Philifi. American soldier I8I8 1861
Sanderson, Joseph. Irish Pres. cl. in America... 1823
Sandford, Edrt'ard. Am. jurist and statesman 1809 1854
Sandford, Lewis H, Am, jurist, legal writer 1807 1852
Sandhurst, William Rose M, British general 1819 1876
Sandiford, Ralph, Eng, Quaker preacher in Am . 1693 1733
Sandoval, de, Alfonso. Sp. Jesuit philan 1652
Sandoval, de, Gonzalo. Spanish soldier 1496 1528
Sandoval, de, Prudencio. Spanish historian 1560 1621
Sandoval Silva y Mendoza, Gaspar de, Mex. vie 1640
Sands, .Alexander H, Am, Bapt. cl. lawyer, auth, 1828 1887
Sands, Benjamin Franklin. Am. naval oflScer 1811 1883
Sands, Da^-id. American Quaker preacher 1745 1818
Sands, Henry Berton. Am. surg.,edu. and writer 1830 1888
Sands, Joshua Ratoon. American naval officer... 1795 1883
Sands, Robert Charles. Am. author and journ.. 1799 1832
Sandys, Edwin. English theol, Abp. of York... 1519 1588
Sandys, George, ,?on o/Edinn, English poet 1577 1643
Sanford, Charles W, Am. soldier and lawver 17% 1878
Sanford, David. American Congregational cl 1737 1810
Sanford, Edward. Am. journalist and writer 1805 1876
Sanford, Ezeklel. American author 1796 1S22
Sanford, Henry Shelton. American diplomatist. 1B23 1891
Sanford, John Langton. British historian 1S24 1877
Sanford, Joseph. Am. Presbyterian clergyman. .. 1797 1831
Sanford, Nathan. Am. lawyer and statesman. ... 1777 18.38
Sanford, Thaddeus, Am. journ. and bank pres. ., 1791 1867
Sanfuentas, Salvador, Chilian edu, and poet... 1817 1860
SanGall0,da. Antonio Picconi. It. architect 1482 1546
San Gallo, da, Giuliano, Italian architect 1443 1.517
Sanger, George Partridge. American lawver 1819 1890
Sanger, William W, American phvs. and author, 1819 1872
Sangster, Charles. Canadian journalist, poet... 1822
Sangster, John Herbert. Can. phvs.. edu., auth. 1831
Sangster, Margaret Elizabeth, American author 1S3S
Sankey, Ira David, American evangelist I8!0
San Martin, de, Josi5, South American leader . . 177s 1850
San Martin, de, Tomas. Spanish miss, bishop.. 1482 1554
San Mlchell, Michele. Italian architect 1484 1559
San Miguel, de, Evariste. Duke. Spanish general 1785 1862
Sannazaro, Jacopo. Xeapolitan poet 1458 15.30
San Roman, de, Miguel. Peruvian soldier 1802 1S63
Sanson, Nicolas. French geographer I6OO 1667
Sansovino, Jacopo Talti. Italian architect 1479 1570
Sant, James, English painter 1820
Santa Ana, de, Antonio Lopez, Pres, of Mexico. 1795 1876
Santacilia, Pedro. Cubian author 1829
Santa Cruz, -indri^s. President of Bolivia 1794' is65
Santa Cruz, M. de las M. Coun, Merlin, Cub, aut 1789 1852
Santa Cruz, Raimundo, S, Am, miss, and author 1620 1662
Santa Maria, Domingo. S. Am, states, jurist , 1825
Santana, Pedro. W. Ind. pres, Santo Domingo. . I801 1864
Santander, Francisco de Paula. Pres. N.Granada 1792 1840
Santerre, Antoine Joseph. French revolutionist 1753 1809
Santeul, de, Jean. French priest and poet 1630 1697
SantiUana, de. Marquis, See Mendoza. de,
Santorini, Giovanni D. Italian anatomist 1681 1736
Saphir, Moritz, German Hebrew author 1794 1858
Sappho, Greek lyric poetess fl, e.c. 600'
Saralva, Matheus. Braz. philanthropist, author 1761
Saravia, Francisco. Spanish missionary 15,30 1630
Saravia, de, Melchor B, Span, governor of Chili 1579
Sarcey, Francisque, French critic 1S2S
Sardanapalus, King of Assyria fl. b.c,9o6'
Sardou, Victorien. French dramatist 1831
Sargeant, Nathaniel P. Am, jurist, statesman... 17,31 i79i
Sargent, -\aron A. -\m. journ., lawver, diplomat ]S27 1887
Sargent, Charles Sprague. Am. arboriculturist.. I8JI
Sargent, Epes, American author ixvi 18SO
Sargent, Fitzwilliam. Am. surgeon and author. , 1S20
Sargent, Henry. .-Vmerican artfst and inventor. . 1770 isis
Sargent, Henry Winthrop. Am. horticulturist... 1810 1882
Sargent, Horace Binney, .American soldier 1821
Sargent, James, Am, inventor and manufact 1824
Sargent, John O, Am, lawver and journalist,,. 1811
Sargent, John Singer. Itafian artist 1SS6 ....
Sargent, Lucius M. American writer of tales 1786 1867
Sargent, Lucius M. Am. soldier and surgeon 1826 1864
Sargent, Nathan. Am, jurist, journalist, author. 1794 1875
Sargent, Paul D. Am. soldier and jurist 1745 ].«28
Sargent, Winthrop. American soldier ]7.t3 is20
Sargent, Winthrop. .\merican author 1825 1S70
Saripolos, Nicolas Jean. Greek politician 1817 1887
Sarmiento, Domlneo F. Pres. of Argent. Repub. 1811 1888
Sarmlento, Gamboa P. de. Galician nav., eolon't 15,30 1.590
Sarmiento, Vanadates J., Count. Vicerov of Mei. 16.50 1717
Sarmlento, de, Sotomavor G. Vic. of Mex., Peru 1590 16.55
BOBN DIED
Sarpi, Paolo. Italian philosopher and historian., 1552 16-23
Sarrasin, Michel. Fr. scientist, author in Can. .. 1059 1734
Sars, GeorgOssian. Norwegian zoologist 1837
Sars, Michael. Norwegian zoologist 1805 1869
Sarsfield, Patrick, Irish patriot and soldier 1693
Sartain, Emily, American engraver and artist,. . isil
Sartain, John. Am. engraver, born in London... I8O8
Sartain, Samuel, American engraver 1830
sartain, William, Am, engraver and artist ... 1843
Sarto, del, Andrea. Andrea d' Agnolo. Flor. pfr 1487 1531
Sartori, Lewis Constant, Am, naval officer 1812
Sartoris, .Adelaide. Eng. author and singer 18I6 i879
Sartwell, Henry Parker, American botanist... 1792 1867
Sarzec, de, GustaveCE, C. Fr. diplo. and exp,. 1836
Sa' Salvador, de, Gorneas. Brazilian governor. 1594 iess
Sa Sunao, de, Pereira. Braz, Jesuit and author 1701 1769
Sasnett, William J, Am. cl., edu, and writer,. 1820 1865
Sasoonan or Allummapees. Indian chief 1747
Sassacus. -\merican Pequot chief iseo 1637
Sathas, Constautin. Greek writer 1841
Satterlee, Henry Yates. Am. P, E, clergyman '' 1843 ...'.
Satterlee, Richard Sherwood. Am. surg.". soldier 1798 1880
Sauganash, The. Ind. name of Capt.B. Caldwell 1780 1841
Saulcy, de, Louis F. J. Caienart. Fr. archaeol. 1807 1880
Satilsbury, Eli. .A.m. lawer and statesman 1817
Saulsbury, Willard. Am. lawver and statesman. 1820
Saunders, Alvin. Am. merchant and statesman 1817
Saunders, Charles, Sir, Scotch nav, offi. in Can 1705 1775
Saunders, Ephraim D, Am. cl., edu. and benef .. 1808 1872
Saunders, Frederick. English author 1807
Saunders, John. American jurist and soldier 1754 1834
Saunders, Prince. Am.edu., atty. -gen. of Havti 1775 1840
Saunders, Romulus M. Am. jurist and states" . 1791 1867
Sannderson, Nicholas. English mathematician, 1682 1739
Sauppe, Hermann. German scholar 1S09
Saurin, Jacques. French Protestant preacher. 1677 Hso
Saussure, de, Henri. Swiss naturalist 1829
Saussure, de, Horace B<?n^dict. Swiss naturalist 1740 1799
Sauveur, Baudoin. Flemish nat, and author 1779 1832
Sauveur, Joseph. French mathematician 1653 1716
Sairx, Sophie, French pcnrf painter 1829
Savage, Edward. American artist 1761 1817
Savage, Edward H. Am. chief of police 1812
Savage, James. American antiquary I78t 1S83
Savage, John. American jurist and statesman... 1779 1863
Savage, John. Irish-American author 1828
Savage, John H. Am. lawyer, soldier, statesman 1815
Savage, Minot J. Am. clergyman and author 1841
Savage, Richard. English poet 1698 1743
Savary, A. J. M. Renf . Fr. gen. ana diplomatist. 1774 1833
Savary, Jacques. French financier 1622 1690
Savigny, von, Friedrich Karl. German jurist... 1779 186I
Savlle, Henry, Sir. Eng. math., class, scholar... 1549 1622
Savonarola, Girolamo M. F. M. Ital. relig. ref... 14.52 1498
Sawtelle, Charles Greene. American soldier 1834
SawteUe, Henry A. -\m. Baptist cl. and journalist 18.32 1885
Sawyer, Caroline M. American authoress 1812
Sawyer, Frederick .i. -\m. educator, statesman. 1822
Sawyer, Frederick Wm. Am. lawyer, bk'r, auth. 1810 1875
Sawyer, Horace B. American naval officer 1797 i860
Sawyer, Leicester A. Am. Presb. cl. and auth... 1807
Sawyer, Lemuel, American statesman, author . 1777 1852
Sawyer, Lorenzo. American jurist 18-20
Sawyer, Philetus. Am. states. .philanthropist... 1816
Sawyer, Sylvanus. American inventor 18-22
Sawyer, Thomas J. Am. Vniv. cl. and author 1804
Sawyer, William K. Eng. author and poet 1828 1876
Saxe, Hermann M., Count of. Marshal of France 1696 1760
Saxe, John Godfrey. Am. humorous poet 1816 1887
Saxe-weimar-eisenacli, CarlB.Ger.sold'rin.\m 1792 1862
Saxton, Joseph. .American inventor 1799 1873
Saxton, Luther Calvin. American impostor 1806 1866
Saxton, Rufus. American surveyor and soldier. 1824
Say, Benjamin. Am. physician, philan. writer ... 1756 1813
Say, Jean B. French politital economist 1769 1832
Say, Jean Baptiste Leon. French statesman 18-26
Say, Thomas. Am. merchant and philanthropist 1709 1796
Say, Thomas. American naturalist 1787 1834
Sayce, .Archibald H. Eng. divine aud philologist 1846
Sayler, Milton. American lawyer and statesman 1831
Sayles, John. Am. edu., jurist", soldier, author... 1825
Sayre, David A, Am. merchant, philanthropist. 1798 1870
Sayre, Lewis .\. Am. surgeon, educator, author. l>-20 ....
Sayre, Stephen. Am. merchant. banker.patriot. 1734 1818
Sayres, Edward Smith. .American diplomat 1799 1877
Scaddlng, Henry. Eng. P. E. cl.. edu., an. in Can 1813
Scsevola, Cains Mucins. Legendary Rom. hero fl B.c.Oth.c.
Scales, .\lfred M. Am. lawyer. soldier, statesman 1827
Scaliger, Joseph Justus. Fr. philo. and chronol. 1510; 1609
Scallger, Julius Cajsar. Ital. Latin poet, philo... 1484 1558
Scallan, Thomas. Ir. R. C. bp., edu. in Canada . 1770 1830
Scammell, Alexander. Am. soldier and survevor. 1746 1781
Scammon, Charles M, ,\m.navigatorand author 1825
Scammon, Eliakim Parker. Am. sold., edu., diplo 1816
Scammon, Jonathan Y, .\m. law., ben, legal w'r 1812 1890
Scanderbeg, Gmrrie Cm/riola. Albanian chief.. 14047 1466
Scanlan, Lawrence, Irish R, C, bishop in Am 1843
Scannell, Richard, Irish R. C bishop in Am 1844
Scarborougb, John, Irish P, E, bishop in Am... 1831
J 804
S 0 A R B 0 R 0 U G H — S C 0 T T
BORN DIED
Scarborough, \Vm. Saunders. Am. edu.and auth 1852 ^.
Scarlatti, Alessaudro. Neapolitan composer.. ., 1659 1725
Scarpa, .^Btouio. Italian anatomist 1-47 18J2
Scarron, Paul. French comic writer 1610 IbbO
Scartazzlni, Giovanni Andrea. Swisswriver 183/
Schadow, Johann Gottfried. German sculptor.. . 1(64 1860
Schadow-Godenliaus, von, Fried. \V. Gr. painter 1789 18b2
Scbaeffer Charles F. Am. Luth. cl. and educator 1807 1879
Schaeffer', Charles \V. Am. Luth. cl., educator. .. 1813 ...^
Schaeffer, David F. Am. Luth cl and educator.. 1^8/ 183/
ScHaetier, Frederick C. Am. Luth. cl, edticator. 1^92 18c-2
schaeffer Frederick D. German Luth. cl.m Am. 1/60 1836
schaeffer, Wilson. Brigadier-General U. S. Vols. .... 1870
Schaff, Philip. Swiss theologian, author m Am.. 1819 ...
Schamyl or Shamyl. Prophet war. of Caucasus.. 1/% 1871
Schanck, Johns. Am. physician and educator.. ISli ...^
Schank, John. Scottish naval officer, inventor... 1/40 182o
SCharf John T. Am. soldier, lawyer and jour.... 1843
Schauffler William G. Ger. missionary, author. 1798 1883
Schet30sh, John Joseph. Americanmissiouary.. . 1721 1788
Scheele OarlW. German chemist m Sweden — 1/42 1/bb
Scheere'r Theodor. Ger. chemist and geologist.. 1813 187»
Scheffel, Joseph V . German poet and novelist. . . 1826 1886
Scheffer.Ary. Dutch painter in Pans.... 1/9d 18M
Scheiner Christoph. German mathematician.. . lo/o ibou
Scheie deVere, Maximilian. Ger -Am author... 1820
Sohell .•Augustus. Am. lawyer and statesman — 1812 IbM
Scheller fmmanuel, Johanii G. Ger. lexiocog. . 1735 1803
ScheUlng.von.FriedricbW. J. tier. philosopher 177» Itoi
Schem, Alexander J. Prus. educa.,auth. in Am. . 1826 1881
Schenck James Findlav. American naval onicer 1807 1882
Schenck! -N'oah Hunt "Am. P. E. cl. and lawyer. 1.S25 1885
Schenck Robert Cummiug. American states'n.. 1809 1890
schenck,' Willian Edward. .\m. Presbv. cl., auth 1819
Schenkel, Daniel. German-Swiss theologian 1813 1885
Scherer Edmond Henri Adolphe. French critic. 1815 1889
Schereschewsky,Sam'II.J. Lith. P.E.bp.in Am 1831 ....
Scherzer, von, Karl, Chevalier. Ger. traveler. .. 1821 ....
Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio. It. astronomer 1835 —
Schieffelin, Bradhurst. Am. merch., statesman. 1824 ....
Schleffelin, Samuel Bradhurst. Am. author 1811 ..^^
Schiller von, Johann Christoph F. Ger. poet. .. l-o9 180o
Schilling, Johann. German sculptor 1828 .^^■
Schlmmeiin, Alexander O. Dutch nav., hist ..loto 1/07
Schimmelpfennig, .^lex. Prus. sold., au. m Am. 1824 i860
Schinkel, Karl Friedrich. German architect.. .. 1781 1841
Schlagintwelt. Adolf. German explorer 1829 I80/
Schlaglntweit, Hermann. German explorer 1826 1882
Schleicher, August. Ger. comparative philologist 1821 I808
Schlelden, Matthias Jakob. German botanist.. .. 1804 1881
Schleiermacher, Friedrich E. D. Ger. theologian 1768 18S4
Schlelermacher, . . , .
Schley, William. Am. jurist and statesman -
1786 1858
Schlozer, Von, August Ludwig. Ger, historian... 17^ 1809
Schmauss, Johann Jakob. Germaii jurist 1690 l/o<
Schmid Leopold. German Catholic divme 1808 1869
Schmid! Theodor. German philologist 1T9S 1877
Schmldel, Ulrich. Bavarian historian ......... IjU la.O
Schmidt, Frederick A. Ger. Lutheran cl m Am. 1837 .^^.
Schmidt, Helnrich Julian. German author 1818 1886
Schmidt Henry I. Am. Lutheran cl. and edu 18U6
Schmidt! Wilhelm Adolf. German historian. .. 1812 1887
Schmitz, Leouhard. Ger. philol. in Edinburgh. . 1807 ....
S'-hmolk, Benjamin. German hymn-writer 16/2 1737
Schmucker, Beale M. Am. Lutheran clergyman. 182/ _^
Schmucker John G. Ger. Luth. cl.,auth. in Am 1//1 1854
Schmucker! Samuel M. Am. Luth. cl.and author 182S 1863
Schmucker, Samuel S. Am. Luth. cl. and author 1799 18/3
Schnaase, Karl. German art historian 1798 18/5
Schneck, Beujamiu S. Am. Dutch R.cl.,journ... 1806 18/4
Schneider, George. Bav. jouru. and dip. in Am.. 1823
Schneider, Johann Gottlob. German Hellenist.. 1/50 1822
Schnorr von Karolsfeld, Julius V. H. Ger. print 1794 1872
Schodde, Cieorge H. Am. Luth. cl.. linguist, edu. 1844 ....
Schoelcher, Victor. French pol. and writer. 1804 ...
Schoepf, Albin F. Hun. soldier and edu. in Am.. 1822 1886
Schofer, Arnold. German historian 1819 1883
Schoff, Stephen Alouzo. Am. engraver and artist 1818 —
Schoffer. Peter. Ger. printer. Partner of Faust.. 14.30? 1503
Schofleld, John McAllister. American general.. . 1831
Scholten, Johannes Hendrik. Dutch theologian. 1811 1885
Schbmann, Georg Friedrich. Ger. phil. and arch 1793 1879
Schomberg, Friedrich H., Duke of. Eng. general 1616 1689
Schomherg, de, Henri, Comte. Mar. of France. 1575 1632
Schomburgk, Robert H., Sir. Ger.-Eng. traveler 1804 1865
Schbn. Set- Schong.ivee.
Schdnbein, Christian Friedrich. Ger. chemist.. . 1/99 1868
Schongauer, Martin. Ger. painter betw. 1445 and 14.tO-1488
Schoolcraft, Henry R. Am. trav. and ethnologist 1793 1864
born died
Schoolcraft, Lawrence. Am. soldier, and mannf. 1760 1840
Schoolcraft, Mary Howard. American authoress
Schoomaker, Cornelius. American statesman... 1745 1796
Schoonmaker, Augustus. Am. law., statesman. . 1828 —
Schoonmaker, Marius. American statesman — 1811 —
schoonmaker, Martiuus. -im. Dutch. R.cl 1737 1824
Schopenhauer, Arthur. German philosopher.... 1788 1860
Schopflin, John Daniel. German historian 1694 1771
Schott, Charles .4. tier. civ. engineer in Am 1826
Schouler, James. Am. lawyer and historian 1839 ....
Schouler, William. Scot. jour, and states in Am 1814 1872
Schouten, Willem Cornlis. Dutch navigator 1567 1625
Schouvaloff. See Shot VALOFF.
Schouw, Joachim Fredric. Danish botanist 1/89 1852
Schrader, Eherbard. German Assyriologist 1836
Schreiber, Charlotte E. Guest. English author.. 1812 1879
Schreiber, Colliugwood. Eng. engineer In Can.. 1831 ....
Schrevelius, Cornelius. Dutch philologist 1608 1664
Schreyer, Adoiph. German painter 1828 —
Schriver, Edmund. Americau soldier 1812 —
Schroder, Friedrich V. L. German tragedian — 1744 181b
Schroeder, John F. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1800 I80/
Schroter, Christopher G. Ger. in. of pianoforte.. 1699 jiS-i
Schubert, Frauz Peter. Gierman composer 1/9/ 1828
Schuette, Conrad H. L. Ger.-Am.cl. and educat'r 1843
Schulte, von, Johaun F. German theologian 1827
Schultens, -Ubrecbt. Dutch orientalist 1686 1780
SChultz, John C. Can. phys. and statesman 1840 ....
SChulZ, Ernst Konrad F. Clerman poet 1789 1817
SChulze, Franz Eitlard. German zoologist 1840 ....
Sohulze-Delitzseh Hermann. Ger. economist... 1808 1883
Schumacher, Heinrieh C. Danish astronomer... 1780 1850
Schumann, Robert. German musical composer. I81O 1856
Schureman, James. Am.'soldier and statesman. 1757 1824
Schurman, Jacob G. Can. educator and author. 1854 —
Schurz Carl. German-American states., orator. 1829
Schussele, Christian, .\lsatian artist, edu. in Am 1824 18,9
Schuyler, Aaron. American edu.and author — 1828 —
Schuyler, .inthonv. Am. P. E. cl. and lawyer — 1816 —
Schuyler, Catherihe Van R. Wife 'if Philip John. 1803
Schuyler, Eugene. American author and diplo. 1840 1890
Schuyler, Cieorge Lee. Am. yachtsman, genealo. 1811 1890
Schuyler George W. Am. merchant, statesman. 1810 1888
Schuyler, Louis Saudford. .\m. P. E. clergyman. 1852 1878
Schuyler, Montgomerv. .\m. P. E. cl. and author 1814
Schuyler, Moutgomerv. .\m. journ. and architect 1843
Schuyler, Peter. Am sold. 1st mayor of Albany 1657 1724
Schuyler, Peter. American soldier 1710 1762
Schuvler Philip John. Am. general, statesman. 1733 1804
Schwab, Gustav. German poet ........;■■ 1792 1^
Schwann, Theodor. German physiologist 1810 1882
Schwanthaler, Ludwig Michael. Ger. sculptor. 1802 1&«>
Schwartz Jacob, .\merican librarian and writer 1846
Schwartz, Marie Sophie. Swedish novelist. ..... 1819 ....
SChwarz Berthold. Ger. monk, alchemist. fl./otir^fcnW 0.
Schwarzenberg, von, Karl P. Austrian marshal 1771 1820
Schwatka, Frederick. American explorer..... .. 1849 ..._
Schwegler Albert Friedrich K. F. Ger. historian 1819 I80/
Schweigger, Joliann Salomon C. Ger. physicist. 1779 1857
Schwelnfurth, Georg August. German explorer. 1836
Sch'veinitz, Edmund .\lexauder. Am. bishop... 182o 1887
Schweinitz, Einil .\. Am. bishop and educator. 1816 18/9
Schweinitz, von, Lewis David. American botanist 1780 1834
Schweitzer von, J. B., Dr. Ger. socialist, poet.. 1834 1875
Schwenckfeld, von, Kasper. Silesian relig. ref . . 1490 l-^ei
Schwerln, von, Kurt C Count. Prussian soldier 1684 1,57
Scialoja, -Vutonio. It. states'n, polit. economist. 1817 ISi^;
Scina Domenieo. Sicilian math, and physicist. . 1765 183/
Scloppius, Caspar. Cierman clasical scholar 1576 1649
Sclpio Africanus Major. Publius C. Rom. gen.B.c. 2j5 184
ScipicSmUianusAfricanus Minor, Pub. C...B.C.185 129
Sclater, Philip Lutley. English ornithologist.. .. 1829 .._..
Sclopis.Frederigo.. Count. Italian jurist.. ... .^. 1/98 18/8
Sclopis de Salerano, Paola F., Count. It. jurist. 1798 l»/»
Sconeld, Gleuni William. Am. jurist, statesman. 1817 ....
ScoUard, Clinton. Americau poet 1861 •■•^
Scoresby, William. English navigator........ .^. 1/60 1829
Scoresby, William. SonoJi-re. Eng. Arctic esp. 1/89 l.-«7
Scott, Andrew. Scottish poet in America 1./57 ljo9
Scott, Charlfs. American soldier.. 1/33 i.Md
Scott, Chartes. American jurist and author I8II I^hl
Scott, Dred. American slave. ■■.■•■ }*}? ]^l
Scott, George Gilbert, Sir. British architect 1811 18/8
Scott, Gustavus. Am. lawyer aud statesman .... 1801
Scott, Gustuvus Hall. American naval ofhcer. ... 1812 1882
Scott Henrv Lee. .American soldier and author. 1814 1886
Scott, Irving Murray. Am. mech. eng. and inv. .. 1837 .__
Scott, James. Scottish poet in America.. .^ 1806 18o7
Scott, John. Am. M.E.cl., journ. and author... 1820 ....
Scott, John. Americanlawyer and statesman... 1824 ....
Scott, John Morin. American statesman 1730 1784
Scott, John Morin. Am. law.ver and statesman. . 1/89 1858
Scott, John Rudolph. American actor 18U» I8O6
Scott, Julian. American artist.. 184b .^^
Scott, Levi. American M.E. bishop 1802 1882
Scott, Martin. American soldier ... . . .^^. . 1.88 im/
Scott, Orange. American clergyman and author. . 1800 18o7
Scott, Richard. English colonist m America 1607 168X
Scott, Richard Kingston. American soldier 1826 ....
SCOTT— SEYFFERT
1805
Scott, Richard William. Can. law. and statesm. 1825
Scott, Robert Nicholson. American soldier lSo8
Scott, Thomas. English Biblical commentator , . 1747
Scott, Thomas. Can. journalist and statesman . . 1S41
Scott, Thomas Alexander. Am. K. R. manager.. . 1824
Scott, Thomas Fielding. American P. E. bishop. 1807
Scott, Walter, Sir. Scottish novelist and poet. . 1771
Scott, Walter. Scotch religions leader in Am 1796
Scott, Wm. Anderson, .^.merican cl. and edu 1813
Scott, Wiiliam Bell. Scottish poet, painter, w'r. 1811
SCOtt, William Cowper. Am. clergyman, author. 1817
SCOtt, William Lawrence, .\merican statesman. . 1828
SCOtt, Wiufield. American lieiuunant general. .. . 1786
SCOttow, Joshua. English colonist in .\merica.. 1615
Scoullek, James Brown. Am. clergyman, author 1820
Scoville, Joseph A. .\merican journ. and author. 1811
Scranton, George Whitefleld. .\m.mann.. states 1811
Scrantou, Joseph Hand. American capitalist 1813
Screven, William. English Baptist cl. in .\merica 1629
scribe, -\ugustin Eugene. French dramatist 1791
Scribner, Charles. American publisher is21
Soribner, John Blair. American publisher 1851
Scrivener, Frederick H. A. Eng. Biblical critic. . 1S13
SCUdder, David Coit. American missionarv 1835
Scudder, Henry Joel. Am lawyer and statesman 1825
Scudder, Henry Martyn, Pres. cl. and phvsician 1822
Scudder, Horace Elisha. American author 1838
Scudder, Jared W. Son nf John. Missionarv 1830
Scudder, John. Am. miss, at Ceylon and Madras 179S
Scudder, Nathaniel. .Vm. phys., soldier, states'n 1733
Scudder, Samuel Hubbard. American naturalist 1837
Scudder, Silas D. SonofJthn. Medical miss 1833
Scudder, Vida D. Dnu.o/Darid Coil. Authoress. 1861
Scudfery, de, Madeleine, MUe. French authoress 1607
Scull, Nicholas. Am. surveyor and cartographer. 1700
Seabra, de, Vincente Coelho. Brazil, chem.. auth 1766
Seabury, Samuel. Am. P. E. cl. and educator 17O6
Seabury, Samuel. Am. first bp. of Conn..phvs . 1729
Seabury, Samuel. Am. P. E. clergyman, autlior. 1801
Seabury, William Jones. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1837
Seaman, Ezra Champion. Am. lawyer and author 1805
Seaman, Valentine. -Am. physician and author.. 1770
Searing, Laura C. -Vm. journalist and author I8J0
Searle, Arthur. Eug. astronomer and edu. in Am 18S7
Searle, George M. Eug. scientist and edu. in Am 1839
Searle, James. .\m. member Continental Cong. . 1730
Sears, Barnas. Am. Bapt. clergj-man and scholar 1802
Sears, Edmund Hamilton. American clergvmau 1810
Sears, Edward I. Irish edu., journalist, author . 1824
Sears, Isaac. American patriot 1729
Sears, Robert. Canadian publisher 1810
Seaton, William Winston. American journalist. 1785
Seawell, Washington, .\merican soldier 1S02
Sebastian, Dom. King of Portugal. Warrior 1554
Sebastian, Saint. Roman Christian martvr 255?
Sebastian, William K. .\m. lanver. statesman.. I8I4'
S6billot, Paul. French painter and writer 1846
SeccW, Pietro Angelo. Italian astronomer 18I8
Seccomb, John. Am. clergyman and author 1708
Seccomb, Joseph. .\m. clergyman and author. . . 1706
Seokendorf, von, FriedrichH., Count. Ger. com'r 1673
Seckendorf, von, Veit Ludwig. Germau scholar 1626
Seddon, James .\. Am. lawyer and statesman 1815
Sedgwick, .\dam. Rev. English geologist 1786
Sedgwick, Arthur G. -\m. lawyer and journalist 1844
Sedgwick, Catherine Maria. American author. . . 1789
Sedgwick, Henry Dwight. American author 17,s5
Sedgwick, John. .American general 1813
Sedgwick, John. American jurist 1829
Sedgwick, Robert. Eng. soldier, iron-fd'r in Am 1590
Sedgwick, Susan Ridley. American authoress. . . 1789
Sedgwick, Theodore. Am. jurist and statesman. 1746
Sedgwick, Theodore. Am. lawyer and author I8I1
Sedley, Henry. Am. civil engineer and author... 1835
Seebeck, Thomas Johann. German physician 1770
Seeley, John Robert. English author.." 18.34
Seeley, William H. Welsh actor and mana.iu Am 1806
Seelye, Julius Hawley. Am. div. Pres. Amherst 1824
Seelye, Laurens Clark. Am. clergyman and edu. 1837
Seeman, Berthold. Ger. trav. and nat.in Am.. .. 1825
Sefton, John. English actor in .\merica 1805
Segar, Joseph E. .American statesman 1S04
Segliers, Charles John. Belgian K. C. archbishop 1839
Seguier, Pierre. Fr. states, and patron of learn'gl588
Seguin, .Arthur E. S. Eng. actor and singer in Am 1809
Seguln, Edouard. Fr. phys. and inventor in .Am 1812
Begur, de, Louis Philippe, Couite. Fr. historian 17.=>3
S6gur, de, Piillippe P., Comte. Son o/L. P. Fr. his 1780
Segura, Juan Bautista. Sp. Jesuit missionary
fiegurola, de, Sebastian. Spanish soldier 1740
Befdel, Nathaniel. Silesian bishop in America. . . 1718
Seidenbush, Robert. Bavarian R. C. bp. in .Am. 1&30
Seldl, Johann Gabriel. Aus. poet, archreologist.. 1805
Seipe, Theodore Lorenzo. Am. cl. and educator. . 1842
Seiss, Joseph .Augustus. Am. clergyman, author. 1823
Selborne, Roundell Palmer. Earl of. Eng. lawyer 1819
Selby, Prideanx John. English naturalist 1789
Selden, John. Eng. statesman and political w'r. 1.584
Selden , Samuel Lee. American jurist 1800
1887
1821
issi
1867
1832
1861
1885
1854
i866
1698
1864
1861
1872
1713
18(51
1871
1879
1862
1886
1855
1781
1877
iTOi
1804
HM
1796
1872
isso
1817
1797
1880
1876
1876
1786
i866
1888
1578
288
1865
1878
1793
1760
1763
1692
1880
1873
1867
1831
1864
1656
1867
1813
1859
1831
1872
1871
1868
18«5
1886
1672
1852
1880
1830
1873
1571
1789
1782
1875
1867
1654
1876
„ , , ,. BOBN DIED
Seleucus I. yicatnr. First king of Syria B.C. 354 281
Selfridge, Thomas Oliver. Am. naval officer 1804
Selfridge, Thomas O., Jr. American naval officer 1837
Selim III. Sultan of Turkey ]76i 18O8
Selkirk, Alex. Scot. sail. Left on Juan Fernandez 1676 1723
Selkirk, Edward. .Am.P. E clergyman, author , 1809
Selkirk, Thomas D., Earl of. Scot, colou't in Can 1771 ijao
Sellar, William Young. Eng. Greek, Latin schol. 1825
Sellers, Coleman. American scientist, inventor 18"^7
Sellers, William. .Am. machinist and inventor 1824
Sellstedt, Lars Gustaf. Swedish artist in Am 1,S19
Selwin, William. Eng. clergyman and author. .. l.sOO 1875
Selwyn, Alfred R. C. English geologist in Can. . 1824
Selwyn, George Augustus. Eng. missionarv bp. . 1809 1878
Selyns, Heuricus. Dutch Reform. D. cl. and auth 16a6 1701
Semiramis. Queen of Assyria fi b.c 1200'
Semler, Johann Salomo. German theologian 1725 1791
Semmes, Alexander Aldebaran. Am. naval officer 1825 1885
Semmes, -Alexander J. Am. surgeon and author. . 1828
Semmes, Raphael. Confederate naval officer.. .1809 lg77
Semple, James. American lawyer and diplomat. 1798 1866
Semple, Robert. Gov. Hudson Bay Co., auth 1766 1816
Semple, Robert Baylor. Am. elergvman, author. 1769 ia3l
Seneca, Lucius Annajus. Roman Stoic phil ..b.c.3? a d 65
Senecal, Louis Adelard. Canadian statesman... 1829 1887
Senefelder, Aloys. Ger. inventor of lithography. 1771 1834
Sener James B. -American jurist and statesman. 1837
Seney, George Ingraham. .Am. philanthropist. . . 1826
Seney, Jo.shua. Member of Contiueutal Congress 1750 1799
Senior, Nassau William. Eng. political econo... 1790 1864
Sennacherib. King of -Assyria d b.c. 703
Senter, Isaac. American surgeon and author .. 17.55 1799
Septenville, de, Charles E.L.. Baron. Fr. author 1835 ..
Sepulveda, de, Juan Ciiuez. Spanish historian.. 1490 157s
Se-quo-yan. See Gcess, George.
Sergeant, Erastus. American phys. and soldier. 1742 1814
Sergeant, John. -Am. missionary and educator.. 1710 174y
Sergeant, John. -Am. Congregational missionary 1747 1824
Sergeant, John. -American jurist and statesman. 1779 I8.52
Sergeant, Jonathan D. Am. lawver. statesman.. 1746 1793
Sergeant, Thomas. -American jurist 1782 ixta)
Seroff, -Alexander Nikolaievitch. Musical comp. 1821 1871
Serpa-Plnto, Alex. A. da R. Port. exp. of Africa 1846 .
Serra, Angel. Mex. missionarv and author 1640 1700
Serrano, Fraucisco. Spanish stitesman ISIO I880
Serrell,. Edward Wellmau. -Am. civil eng.. writer 1826
Serres.Etienne.Kenand .A. French phvsiologist. 1787 186,-(
Serret. Joseph Alfred. French mathematician.. I819 1885
Sertorlus, Qnintus. Roman general B.C. 121? 72
Servetus, Michael. Spanish theo. and author... l.iOS ].5.i3
Servieij, Claude. Flemish missionary 1493 1.549
Servoss, Thomas Lowery. Am. merch., navigator 1786 1866
Sesostris. King of Egypt fl. b.c. 2,soof
Sestinl, Domenico. Italian antiquarv 1750 1832
Seton, Elizabeth .A. Foun'rs Sist's Char, in U. S. 1774 1821
Seton. Robert. Italian R. C. cl. in .America If-SO
Seton, Samuel Waddington. Am.edu.. hanker.. . 1789 1869
Seton, William. -American soldier and author. . . 1835
Settle, Thomas. American jurist, statesman 1791 1857
Settle, Thomas. -American jurist, statesman 18.31 ...
Seuseman, Gottlob. Moravian missionarv in Am 1742 1808
Seuseman, Joachim. German missionarv 1772
Sever, -Anne Eliz. P. Am. philanthropist' 1810 1879
Severance, Luther. -Am. journalist, diplomat 1797 1855
Severus, Lucius Septimius. Roman emperor 146 211
Sevier, -Ambrose H. -Am. lawyer and statesman. 1801 1848
Sevier, John. -American pioneer 1745 1815
S6vign6, de, Marie de R.-C.. Marq'se. Fr. writer 1626 1696
Sevilla, Jose. Peruvian philanthropist in Am 1820 1888
Sewall, David. American jurist and patriot 1735 1825
Sewall, John S. Am. clereyman andeducator. . .. 1830 ....
Sewall, Jonathan. -American jurist and patriot.. 1728 1796
Sewall, Jonathan. Can. jurist and legal writer. . 1766 1839
Sewall, Jonathan M. -Am. lawyer and poet 1748 1808
Sewall, Joseph. Am. clergyman and benefactor. 1688 1769
Sewall, Jotham. .American evangelist 1760 1850
Sewall, Rufus King. Am. lawyer and author 1814
Sewall, Samuel. American jurist 1652 1730
Sewall, Samuel. -Am. engineer and inventor 1724 1815
Sewall, Samuel. -Am. jurist and statesman 1757 1814
Sewall, Samuel. Am. clergyman and author 1785 1868
Sewall, Stephen. American jurist 1704 1760
Sewall, Stephen. Am. edu. statesman, author... 1734 1804
Sewall, Thomas. Am. phys. educator, author 1786 1845
Seward, .Anna. English authoress 1747 1809
Seward, .Augustus Henry. American soldier 1826 1876
Seward, Clarence A. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1828
Seward, Frederick W. Am. lawver and states. .. 1830
Seward, George F. Am. diplomatist and author. 1840
Seward, Theodore F. Am. musician. educator 1835
Seward, William Henry. American statesman.. . 1801 1872
Seward, William Henry. American soldier 1839
Sewell, Edmund W. Canadian P. E. clergyman.. 1800
Sewell, William Grant. Canadian journalist 1829 18C2
Sewell, AVilliam Joyce. Ir. sol. and states, in Am. 1835 ....
Seybert, Adam. .Am. chem., states, philanthrop 1773 1825
Seydlitz, von, Friedrich W. Prussian general... 1721 1773
Seyffarth, Gustav. Ger archseol. and cl. in Am.. 1796 1885
Seyffert, -Anton. Bo m. Moravian missionary.. 1712 178S
J806
SEYMOUR — SHUBRICK
BORN DIED
Seymour, Ghnrles B. Eug. journ., auth.. in Am . 1829 186a
Seymour, Kdward \V. Amencau statesman 1S32
Seymour, George F. Am. bishop and educator. .. 1829 . ...
Seymour, Heurv. Am. merchant and statesman. 1780 1837
Seymour, HezekiahC. American civil engineer. 1812 1853
Seymour, Horatio. American jurist, statesman.. 1/iS 18o7
Seymour Horatio. American lawyer, politician I.SIO ls8b
Seymour, Mary H. American authoress.. ........ 18S,i ^^ _
Seymour, Moses. American statesman, soldier, . 1/42 i.vb
Seymour Origeu S. Am. jurist and statesman... 1804 1881
Seymour, Thomas H. Am. jurist, states., diplo. . IbOS 1868
Seymour Truman. American soldier 1S24 .. _
Sforza Francesco. Dul;e of Milan. Ital. warrior UUl U66
Sforza, Giacomuzzo A. Ital. warrior, condottiere ia.9 1424
Sforza Ludovico M. Son o/ F. Dulte of Milan, .. Hoi lo08
SHackelford, James M. Am. lawyer and soldier.. 182( ....
Shafer, Helen Almira. American educaior l8o9 ....
Shaffner, Taliaferro P. Am. lawyer, inventor. ... 1889 ....
Sliafter, James McM. Am. lawyer and statesman l»lb ..^^
Shatter, Oscar Lovell. American jurist ...IblJ 18M
Shaftesbury, Anthony A. C. Earl of. Eng. states 1621 1683
Shaftesbury, Anthony A. C, Earl of. Eng. phil., lb<l lilJ
Shaftesbury. Anthony A. C, Earl of. Eng.phil.. 1801 1885
Shairp, JohnC. Principal .shatrp. Eng. writer. . 1819 1885
Shakespeare, Edward 0. American physician. 1846 _
Shakespeare, William. English poet, dramatist. lob4 1616
Shaler, Alexander. American soldier. 182; ...
Shaler, Nathaniel South^ate. Am. geologist 1841 ^.^^
Shaler William. Am. diplomatist and author... . li (8 1.S.-.3
Shamyl "The warrior-prophet of the Caucasus". 1797 18il
Shanahan, Jeremiah Francis. Xm. R. C. bishop. 1834 1886
Shank, David. American soldier . , ■■■■ 1831
Shanks, William Franklin G. Am. journalist.... 183/ ..^.
Shanly Charles Dawson. Ir. journalist in Am... 1811 18/o
Shannon, Wilson American states, and diplo.. . 1802 18//
Shapleigh, Frank Henry. American artist 1842 ....
Shapley, Rufus Edmonds. Am. lawyer, author, . 1840 .
Sharkey, William Lewis. Am. lawyer, statesman 1/97 18/3
Sharon. William. American capitalist. 1821 1885
Sharp, baniel. Eug. Baptist cl., author in Am. 1,83 1853
Sharp Granville. Eng. philan. and abolitionist. 1/34 1813
Sharp', Jacob. American capitalist v.^-}™ ^*^
Sharpe, George Henry. American lawyer, sold.. 1828 ^.^.
Sharpe William. American lawyer, statesman.. 1/42 1818
Sharpless, James. English artist in America.... 1751 1811
Sharps, Christian. American inventor ....1811 18/4
Sharswood, George. Am. jurist and legal writer 1810 1883
Sharswood, William. American author 1836 —
Shattuck, Aaron Draper. Am. artist and invent 18.S2 .
Shattuck, George Cheyue. Am. phys. and philan 1^83 1854
Shattuck, Lemuel. Am. statesman and author.. 1/93 18.59
Shaubena. American Ottawa chief. ,, l//o 1869
Shaver. George Frederick. American inventor.. I85.i ....
Shaw Albert. American journalist and author.. 18.^7 —
Shaw! .Vlbert Duane. American diplomatist 1841 ....
Shaw, Annie Cornelia. American artist 18.52 .
Shaw Charles. American jurist and author . .. l/8i I8.i»
Shaw Henry. Eng.-.\m. merchant and philan. .. 1800 —
Shaw Heurv W. Josh BilUnqs. Am. humorist. .. 1818 1885
Shaw, James Boylan. Am. Presby. clergvman, ... 1808 .
Shaw, John. Irish naval officer in .\nierica 1//3 1823
Shaw, John. American surgeon and poet 1778 1809
Shaw, Lemuel. American jurist...^ 1^81 18bl
Shaw Oliver. American singer and composer, .. l//b 1S4»
Shaw, Robert Gould. Am.merch. and beuefac. .. 1776 l,So.S
Shaw, Robert Gould. American soldier^, , . 1837 186.3
Shaw Samuel. American,merchant and diplomat 17a4 1/94
Shaw', Thompson Darrah. .\ni. naval officer 1801 1.S74
Shaw, William Smith. Am. lawyer and benefac. 1778 l.v26
Shays, Daniel. Leader in Shays' rebellion 174/ 182o
Shea, George. Irish jurist and author in Am.. ... 1826 ....
Shea, John Augustus. Irish author in America. 1802 1845
Shea, John Dawson Gilmary. Am. historian 1824 1892
Sheafe, James. American statesman 1755 1829
Sheafer, Peter Wenrick. Am. surv., min. engin'r 1819 ....
Shearman, Thomas C. Eng.-Am. law., legal w'r. 18,34 . . . .
Shecut, John L. E. W. American author 1//0 1886
Shedd, Joel Herbert. Am. civil engineer, writer. 1834 ....
Shedd, William W. G.T. Am. clergyman, educator 1820 .^^^
Shee, Martin Archer, Sir. Irish nainter 1/69 18o0
Sheeleigh, Mathias. Am. Luth.cl.. jour., author. 1821 ,^_
Sheffev, Daniel. Am. lawver and statesman 1700 1830
Sheffield, Joseph E. Am. merch.. benefactor 1793 IS82
Sheffield, William P. Am. lawyer. statesman 1819 .^_.
Shegogue, James Heurv. American artist 1810 1879
Shell Richard Lalor. Irish statesman, orator. ... 1791 I8.3I
Shelburne, Earl of. See Landsdowne. William Petty.
Shelby, Evan. Welsh pioneer, soldier in Am 1720 1794
Shelby, Isaac. American surveyor, statesman. .. n.W 1826
Sheldon, Alexander. .\m. statesman, physician.. 1766 1836
Sheldon, David Newton. Am. Baptist clergyman 1807
Sheldon, Edward Austin. .American educator.. . 1823 .-_. ,
Sheldon, George William. .\m. educator, author 1843 —
Sheldon, Heurv Clay. Am. educator and author. 1845
Sheldon, Lione"! Allen. Am. jurist, statesman.... 1829 ...
Sheldon Mary D. Am. educator, authoress 18.50 —
Shellabarger, Samuel. Am lawyer and diplom. 1817 _
Shelley, Percy Bvsshe. English poet 1/92 1822
Shelton Frederick Wm. Am. cl. and author .... 1814 1881
BORN DIED
Shelton, William. American P. E. clergyman.... 1798 1883
Shenstone, William. English pastoral poet 1714 1/63
Shenton, Henrv Crawner. British line engraver. 1803 1866
Shepard, Charles Uphani. American physicist.. 1804 1886
Shepard, Charles rpham. American chemist — 1842
Shepard, Elliott Fitch. Am. law. and journalist. 1833 —
Shepard, Irving. Am. educator and soldier 1843
Shepard, Isaac F. American educator and diplo 1816
Shepard, Samuel. Am. clergvman and physician 1739 1815
Shepard, Thomas. Eug. P. E. cl. and author 1605 1649
Shepard, William. Am. soldier and statesman. 1737 1817
Shepherd, Nathaniel. Am. educator and author. 1835 1869
Shepherd, Oliver Lathrop. American soldier — 1815
Shepley, Ether. American jurist and statesman. 1789 1877
Shepley, Geo. Forster. American jurist, soldier. 1819 1878
Shepley, John. American lawyer and statesman 1787 1857
Sheppard, Furman. American lawyer and auth. 1823
Sheppard, John Hannibal. Eng. law. and author 1789 1873
Sheppard, Moses. Amer'can philanthropist 1771 1857
Sheppard, Nathan. American educator, author. 1834 1888
Sheraton, James P. Canadian P. E. clergyman.. 1841 ....
Sherbourne, John H. American author 1794 1850
Sherbrooke, John Coape, Sir. Eng.states.inCan 1760 1830
Sherburne, Andrew. American cl. and sailor — 1765 1831
Sherburne, John Samuel. Am. jurist and states. 1757 1830
Sheridan, Philip Henry. American general. . . . 18;jl 1888
Sheridan, Richard B. B. Irish dramatist and pol 1/51 1816
Sherlf Pasha. Egyptian statesman... _■ 1819 ^^
Sherlock, William. English theologian, author. . Ib41 1/07
Sherman, Buren Robinson. Am. jurist, states... 1836 ..^.
Sherman, Henry. Am. lawyer and author 1808 18/9
Sherman, John. Eng.-Am. clergyman... 1613 1685
Sherman, John. Am. clergyman and author Ini 1828
Sherman, John. American statesman 1823 ....
Sherman, Roger. Signer of the Decl. of Indep. . . 1721 1/93
Sherman, Roger M. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1//3 1844
Sherman, Thomas West. American soldier 1813 1.^/9
Sherman, William Tecumseh. American general 1820 1891
Sherred Jacob. German donor in America I/06 1827
Sherwin, Thomas. American educator 1799 1869
Sherwood, Adiel. .Am. clergyman, educator 1/91 18/9
Sherwood, James M. Am. cl. and journalist 1814 ....
Sherwood, John D. Am. soldier and author 1818
Sherwood, Mary E. Am. public reader, authoress 1830 .._.
Sherwood, Marv Martha. English authoress 1775 I80I
Sherwood, Wilfiam Hall. Am. pianist, composer 1854 .,__
Shew Toel American phvsician and author 1816 1855
Shields, Charles W. Am. clergyman educator. ,. 1825 ..^.
Shields, James. Irish-Am. jurist and statesman. 1810 18/9
Shields, Marv. American philanthropist 182U 188U
Shields, Patrick Henry. American jurist. I//0 1848
Shilder-Shuldner, Juryl. Russian general. ... .... 18/9
Shlllaber Beni P. .Vrs. Parlmnlon. Am. hum. w r 1814 1890
Shimeall,' Richard C. Am. clergyman and author 1803 1874
Shindler, Mary Stanley B. P Am. authoress 1810 .^_^
Shinn Asa. American preacher and author 1781 18M
Shinn, George W. Am. clergyman and author. ... 18.« ....
Shlpman, George E. Am. phys., philanthroi.ist. . 1820 ....
Shlpp .\lbertM. American educator and author 1819
Shlpp, Bernard. American author. ...... .^. 1813 ..^
Shlppen, Edward. Eng.-Am. states., jurist, bene 1639 1/12
Shlppen, Edward. Am. merchant and patriot. ,, 1^03 1/81
Shippen, Edward. American jurist ^... 1/29 1800
Shippen, Edward. American lawyer and edu. 1821 ....
Shippen, Edward. American surgeon and writer 1826 .
Shippen, Joseph. American scientist 16(9 1/41
Shippen, Joseph. American soldier ....... ^.... l/o2 isiu
Shippen, William. Am. statesman, benefactor... 1712 1801
Shippen, William. Am. physician and educator. 1/36 1808
ShiDPin William. American soldier l/4o 1/77
Shlras '\lexander Eakin. Am. soldier and edu.. 1R12 1876
Shirlaw, Walter. Scot.-Am. artist and educator. 1838 .^.
Shirley, James. English dramatist. , , . , . .^. , . 1594? 16/6
Shirley, John M. Am. lawyer and legal writer. .. 1831 1*7
Shirley, Paul. Am. naval officer 1820 1876
Shirley, William. Colonial governor of Mass.... 1693 ]/7i
Shishkoff, Alex.Semenovitch. Russian author.. . 1^54 1841
Shober, Gottlieb. Am. cl., lawyer and author.. , , 1/56 1838
Shock, William H. Am. naval officer and inv 1821 ....
Shoemaker, George W. American inventor I86I ....
Shoemaker, William L. American poet.. ,. 1822 .^_
SholeirCharles C. Am. journalist and statesman 1816 186,
Sholes, Christopher L. Am. statesman and journ 1819 _^
Short, Charles. .American educator and author.. 1821 1886
Short Charles Wilkins. Am. botanist and phys . 1/94 1863
Short, William. American diplomatist. ... ^... .. 1/09 IMS
Shortall, John G. Irish-Am.journalist.zoOThilist 1838 ....
Shorter, James Alexander. Am. A. M. E. bishop 1817 ....
Shorter, John Gill, American jurist, statesman. I8I8 1872
Shoup, Francis A. Am. P. E. clergyman, awyer. 1834 ^
Shouvaloff, Peter A., Count. Ru diplomatist. .. 1828 1880
Shovel, Clondesley.. Sir. English admiral 1650 1.07
Shreye, Henrv M. American navigator, inventor 1/85 1804
Shreve, Samuel H. American engineer, anthoiv^ 1829 1884
Shreve, Thomas H. American journalist, author 180,s 1853
Shrewsbury, Charles T.. Duke of. Eng. statesm. 1660 1718
Shubrick, Edward Rutledge. Am. naval officer. 1^94 1844
Shubrlck, Irvin. American naval officer. , _.^^^ l/»4 i»«
Shubrick, John Templar. American naval officer 1/88 iBio
S f I U B R I C K — S M A R I U S
1S01
BORN
Shubrick, Thomas Branford. Am. naval oflicer.. 182.5
Shubrick, Willinni Branford. Am. rear admiral- 1790
Sliuck, Jehu Lewis. Am. Baptist missionary 1»12
Shufeldt, Robert Wilson. American naval oiBcer. 1822
Shultz, Henry Augustus. S. Am. Moravian bishop 1806
Sbultz, Theodore. Prussian missionary 1770
Sbums-uddin Mubammad. See Tlxriz.
Shumway, Henry Cotton, .\merican artist 1807
Sbunk, Francis Kawn. Am. lawyerand statesman 1788
Sburtleff, Ernest Warburton. Am. clergyman. . . 1862
Sburtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet. Am. genealogist 1810
Shurtletf, Roswell Morse. American artist 1838
Shute. Samuel. English colonial governor 1G53
Shute, Samuel ^loore. Am. clergyman, educator 1823
Sibiel Alexander. Fray Duinhnju. Ger. antiquary. 1709
Sibley, George C. Am. explorer, philanthropist. 1782
Sibley, Henry Hastings. Am. pioneer, statesman 1811
Sibley, Henry Hopkins. Am. soldier and inventor 1816
Sibley, Hiram. Am. tinaucier andbenefactor. . .. 1807
Sibley, John Langdon. Lib. Harvard University. 1804
Sibley, Mark Hopkins. .\m. jurist and states'n. . 1796
Sibley, Solomon. Am jurist and statesman 1769
Sicard, Roch A.C. French teacher of deaf mutes. 1742
Sickel, Horatio G. Am. inventor, manufacturer. 1817
Sickingen, von, Franz. Ger. gen., Luth. reformer 1481
Sickles, Daniel E. Am. general and politician. .. 1823
Sicotte, Louis V. Can. jurist and statesman 1812
Siddons, Sarah, born Kemble. Eng. tragic actress 1755
Sldell, William H. Am. surveyor and soldier 1810
Sidney, Algernon. English republican patriot... 1622?
Sidney 0)' Sydney, Philip, Sir. Eng. statesman. 1554
Sidonius ApoUinaris. See Apollinaeis SiooNins.
Siebold, von, Philipp Franz. German naturalist. 1796
Siegen, von, Ludwig. German artist 1610?
Siegfried. Semi-fabulous hero of Norse legends. Unl:n
Siemens, Ernst Werner. German inventor 1816
Siemens, Karl Wilhelm. Ger. invent, in London. 1823
Siemering, Rudolph. German sculptor 1835
Sieyes, Emmanuel J., Comte. Fr. revolutionist. 1748
Sigel, Albert, Ger. -Am. journalist and poet 1827
Sigel, Franz. Ger. -Am. soldier and educator 1824
Sigismund. Emperor of Germany 1368
Signay, Joseph. Canadian R. C. archbishop 1778
Sigogne, Maude. French clergyman in Canada. . 1850
Sigourney, Lydia H. H., Mrs. Am. authoress.... 179X
Siguenza y Gongora, Carlos. Mex. historian 1645
Sikes, W'illiam ^yirt. American author 1836
Silhouette, de, Etienne French linancier 1709
Silkman, James Bailey. American lawyer 1819
Sill, Edward Rowland. American educator 1841
Sill, John Mahelon B. Am. educ. and author INjl
Sill, Joshua W. Am. soldier and educator 1831
Slllery, de, Noel B. French-Can. missionary.. .. 1577
Sllliman, Benjamin. American physicist 1779
Silliman, Benjamin D. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1805
Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. American physicist 1816
Silliman, Ely. American financier and author .. 1807
Silliman, Gold Selleck. American jurist, soldier 1732
Silliman, Gold Selleck, Jr. Am. law., post-mast. 1777
Silliman, Justus Mitchell. Am. mining engineer 1842
Silloway, Thomas William. Am. architect, auth 1828
Silsbee, Joshua S. American actor 1815
Sllsbee, Nathaniel. American statesman 1773
SUva, Francis Augustus. American artist 18.35
Sllva, Jose Laurencio. Venezuelan soldier 1792
Silver. Thomas .\merican inventor 1813
Sllvesire, de, Aug\istin F., Baron. Fr. rural econ 1762
Simcoe, John Graves. Eng. soldier, gov. of Can. 1752
Simeon Stylites. Syrian ascetic .390?
Simeoni, Giovanni. Italian cardinal 1816
Simitlere, du, Pierre Euffene. Swiss art. in Am
Simkins, Arthur. .American jurist, statesman... 17.50
Simkins, Eldred. American lawyer, statesman.. 1779
Simmons, Franklin. American sculptor 1842
Simmons, George Frederick. Am. clergyman.... 1814
Simmons, James. Am. lawyer and legal writer.. 1821
Simmons, James Fowler, .\merican statesman. . 1795
Simmons, Joseph E. .\merican banker, educator 1795
Simmons, William Hayne. American author 1785
Simmons, William J. Am. clergyman and author 1M9
Simms, Jephtha Root. .\m. author and lecturer. 1807
Simms, William Gilmore. .\m. novelist 1806
Simon, Jules. Fr. philosopher 1814
Slmonides, of Ceos. Greek lyric poet b.c. .556?
Simonson, John Smith. Am. soldier, statesman. 1796
Simonton, James William. American journalist. 1823
Simpson, Alexander. Scotch author and diplom 1811
Simpson, Edmund. Eng. actor and man, in Am. 1784
Simpson, Edward. Am. naval officer and author 1824
Simpson, George. Sir. Scotch traveler in .\m.. . . 1796
Simpson, George Semmes. Am. pioneer and w'r 1818
Simpson, Henry. Am. st,°,tesman and author ..'. . 1790
Simpsonj James. Sir. Eng. general in the Crimea 1791
Simpson, James Hervey. Am. sol. and engineer. 1S13
Simpson, James Young, Sir. Scottish physician. 1811
Simpson, John. Scot, banker and states, in Can. 1812
Simpson, Josiah. American surgeon 1815
Simpson, Marcus de Lafayette. Am. soldier 1824
Simpson, Matthew. Am.bishop M. E. Church.... 1811
DIED
1,S47
1874
1863
i885
1850
18S4
1848
1742
1791
1863
i886
1888
18S5
1852
1846
1.S22
1890
1623
1831
1873
1683
1686
1866
1690?
own.
1883
1836
1884
i437
1850
i865
1700
1883
1767
1888
1887
1862
1640
1864
i8S5
1884
1790
1868
18.55
1850
1886
1873
1888
1851
1,806
4.59
1892
1784
1826
18.32
1855
isM
1864
1883
1870
467
1881
1882
1848
1860
1S.H5
1868
1.868
1883
1870
1,885
1874
IgSt
BOBN DIED
Simpson, Michael. American soldier 1740 1813
Simpson, t-tephen. American soldier, journalist 1789 1864
Simpson, Thomas. English mathematician 1710 1761
Simpson, Thomas. Scottish explorer 1808 1840
Simrock, Karl. German poet 1802 1876
Sims, Alexander D. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1803 1W8
Sims, Charles N. Am. M. E. clergym., educator. . 1836
Sims, Clifford S. Am. statesman and diplomat... 1839 ...
Sims, Edward Dromgoole. American edvicator.. . 1805 1845
Sims, George Robert. English dramatist 1847
Sims, Harry M. American surgeon and author... . 1851 ...
Sims, Henry Augustus. American architect 1832 1875
Sims, James Marion. American surgeon 1813 1883
Sims, James Peacock. American architect 1849 1882
Sims, Winfield Scott. American inventor 1844 ...
Simson, Robert. Scottish mathematician 1687 1768
Simson, Sampson. Am. philan. and benefactor. . 1780 1857
Sinclair, Carrie Bell. American poetess 1839
Sinclair, Catherine. Scottish authoress 1800 1874
Sinclair, John, Sir. Scot, agricul. and statistician 1754 1835
Sinclair, Peter. Scottish statesman in Canada. .. 1825 ...
Singer, Isaac Merritt. American inventor 1811 1875
Slngerly, William M. American journalist 1832
Sinnickson, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman ... , 1817
Sismondi, de, Jean C. L. S. Swiss historian 1773 1842
Sistiaga, Sebastian. Mexican Jesuit missionary. 1690 1766
Sitgreaves, John. Am. jurist and statesman 1740 1802
Sitgreaves, Lorenzo. American soldier 1811 1888
Sitgreaves, Samuel. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1764 1824
Sitjar, Buenaventura. Sp.-Am. R. C. miss in Am 1739 1808
Sitting Bull. Sioux chief 1837 1890
Sixtus IV. Pope. Fmnccsco d'A.della R 1414 1484
Sixtus V. Pone. Felice Ferretti 1621 1690
Skead, James. Eng. manuf., statesman in Can... 1817 1884
Skeat, Walter William. Eng. etymologist 1835
Skelton, John. English poet 1460? 1529
Skenando. Oneida chief 1706 1816
Skene, Alexander J. C. Scot. pbys.,inven.inAm 1837
Skene, Andrew Motz. Eng. nav. "and inventor 1849
Skene, Andrew Philip. Soldier. !<un o/ Philip.. . 1753 1826
Skene, Philip, Colonel. Brit, officer in America. 1725 1810
Skene, Philip O. Eng. sold., eng., edu. in Can 1790 1837
Skene, W'illiam Forbes. Scottish historian 1809
Skey, Frederick. English medical writer 1872
Skilton, Julius .\. Am. phys., diplomat, author.. 1833
Skinner, Charles R. Am. statesman, educator... 1844 ....
Skinner, Cortlandt. American soldier 1728 1799
Skinner, Ezekiel. Am. clergyman, physician ... 1777 1855
Skinner, Frederick Gustavus. American soldier. 1814
Skinner, George Ure. Scottish botanist 1805 1867
Skinner, James A. Scot. sol. and statesm. in Can. 1826 ....
Skinner, John. American soldier 1760 1827
Skinner, John Stuart. American journalist 17S8 1861
Skinner, Mark. American jurist and educator... 1813 1887
Skinner, Otis A. Am. clergyman and journalist.. 1807 1861
Skinner, Richard. American jurist, statesman.. 1778 1833
Skinner, Thomas H. Am. clergyman, educator. . 1791 1871
Skobeleff, Mikhail Dimitrivitch." Russian soldier 1843 1882
Slack, Elijah. American educator 1784 1866
Slack, James R. American jurist and soldier 1818 1881
Slade, Daniel Denison. Am. physician, educator 1823
Slade, William. Am. law., states'n, legal writer. . 1786 1859
Slafter, Edmund Farwell. American author 1816
Slater, John Fox. Am. manufacturer, philan 1815 1884
Slater, Samuel. English maniifacturer in Am. .. 1768 1836
Slaughter, Gabriel. Am. soldier and statesman. 1767 1820
Slaughter, Philip. American clergyman 1808 ....
Slaughter, William B. Am. lawyerand slates... 1798 1879
Sleeper, John .Sherburne. Am. journalist, author 1794 1878
Sleidan, Jobann. German historian 1606 1666
Sleifeusand, Xavier. German engraver 1809 1876
Slemmer, Adam J. American soldier 1828 1868
Slenker, Elmina Drake. American authoress. .. . 1827 ....
Slicer, Henry. American M. E. clergyman 1801 1874
Slidell, John. Am. lawyer, Confederate politician 1793 1871
Sloan, Samuel. American architect 1815 1884
Sloan, Samuel. Irish-..imerican statesman 1817
Sloane, Hans, Sir. Brit, physician and naturalist 1660 1752
Sloane. James R. W. Am. clergyman, educator . 1833 1886
Sloane, John. .American soldier and statesman. 1779 1866
Sloane, Rush Richard. Am. jurist, abolitionist. 1828
Sloane, Thomas O'Conor. Am. chemist and journ 1861
Sloane, William Milligan, American educator.. 1860 ....
Sloat, John Drake. American naval officer 1780 1867
Slocum, Frances. Am. captive among the Indians 1773 18.51
Slocum, Henry Wadsworth. American general. . 1827 ...
Slocumb, Ezekiel. American soldier 1760 1840
Slocumb, Jesse. American statesman 1780 1820
Slough, John P. American jurist and statesman. 1829 1867
Sluter, (Tcorge Ludewig. Ger. cl. and author .. . 18.37
Small, Henry Beaumont. Eng.-Amer. nat.aud edu 1K>1 ...
Small, John.* Scotch soldier in America 1726 1786
Smalley, Eugene Virgil. Am. journ., author 1841
Smalley, <«eorge Washburn. Am. law., journ. . .. 1833
Smalley, John! American clergyman, author.. . 1734 1820
Smalls, Robert. American pilotand statesman. . 18.39 . .
Smallwood, Chas. Eng.-Can. meteor., educator. 1812 1873
Smallwood, William. Am. soldier, statesman 1732 1792
Smarius, Cornelius F. Dutch R. C. cl. in Am. . . . 1823 l8:o
1808
S M A R T — SMI T U
BORN
Smart, Benjamiu H. Euglish lexicographer 1787?
Smead, Wesley. Am. phjs., bauke r, philauthrop. ISOO
Smeaton, John. English civil eugiueur 17"J4
Smedes, Susan D. Am. educator and authoress.. 1.S40
Smiles, Samuel. Scottish author 18L6
Smilie, John. Irish statesman in America 1741
Smillie, Cieorge Henry, .\merican artist IfyJO
Smillie, James. Scottish eugraver in Canada. . LS07
Smillie, James D. Am. engraver and artist I.s;^3
Smillie, Nellie Sheldon Jacobs. American artist l.s.">4
Smillie, William C. Scottish engraver in Can.. . . l.sio
Smillie, William M. American engraver 188S
Smirke, Rol)ert, Sir. English architect 1780
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smitb
Smith
Smith
Adam. Scottish political economist 1723
Alan Penuemau. Am. phys., educator.... 1840
,\lhcrt. Eug. novelist and humorist 1816
.Vlticrt James. Sir, Canadian statesman. . 18*i4
-Mcxander. Scottish poet. 1830
Alfred Baker. Am. soldier and educator.. 1825
Andrew Jackson. American soldier 1815
Ari'hibald C. Am. naval architect, lee . . . 1837
.\sa Dodge. Am. clergyman and educator 1804
Aslibel. Am. statesman and diplomat 1805
Augustus William. Am. edn.. astronomer 1802
Azariah. Am. missionary and writer 1317
Benjamiu. Am. statesman and beueiactor 1750
Benjamin B. Am. P. E. bp., journalist- . . . 1794
Benjamin F. Brevet Brig. -lien. U.S.A... 1831
Benjamin Mosby. Am. cl. and educator . 1811
Buckingham. Am. states, and diplomat. 1810
Caleb Blood. .\m. jurist and statesman. . 1808
Charles. American jurist 17r,5
Charles. Am. journalist and bookseller . 17(i8
Charles Adam. Am. clergyman, journ . 1809
Charles Emory. Am. joui-ualist, states . 1842
Charles Ferguson. American soldier . 1805
Charles Henry. Am states'n, hum. w'r . 1826
Charles Henry. American soldier 1827
Ciiarles Perrin. Am. statesman, genealog't 1819
Charles Shaler. American engineer 1836
(.'lenient L. Am. educator and author. .. . 1844
t:ottou Mather. Am. C^ong. clergyman, . . . 1731
llalazon. Am. journalist and statesman. . 1B16
liaiiiel. Am. statesman and author 1740
Daniel. Am. M. E. cl., benefactor, author 1806
Daniel B. American chemist, educator. . . 1792
David M. American inventor 1809
Donald Alex., Sir. Scot. -Can. statesman. 1821
Edmund K. Am. soldier and educator . . . 1,S24
Edward Delafield. American lawyer 1826
Edward P. Am. Cong, clergyman! 1827
Eli. Am. missionary, priuter aud author. 1801
Elias. Am. Cong, cl., jour, and author 1769
Elihu H. Am. physician aud author . .. 1771
Elizabeth Oakes. Am. pastor and author. 1805
Ephraim Kirby. American soldier 1807
Era.^mua Darwin. American jurist 1806
Erasmus P. Am. lawyer and journalist.. . 1814
Erminuie Adelle. American scientist .. 1836
Ethan. American clerg>-man and author.. 1762
Eugene .\. Am. scientist and educator 1841
Ezekiel E. American educator, diplomat. 1.S52
Francis O. American educator, author... . 1818
Francis H. American soldier, educator., . 1812
Francis Osmond J. .\merican statesman. 1S06
Frank. Irish statesman in Canada 1822
Frank Hill. American artist ).S42
George, D.D. English preacher 1800
George. Am. [iliys., statesman, scientist . 1804
George. Scottish banker in America 1808
George. English orientalist 1840
(ieorge Barnett. English writer 1841
George W. Am. antiquarian and author. . 1800
George Williamson. Am. cl. and educator 1836
Gerrit. Am. philau. and statesman. .... . 1797
liiles Alexander. American soldier 1829
lioldwin. Eng. prof, of mod. his., author. 1823
(ireen Clay. American cl. and statesman. 1832
(iu.-<tHvu8 Woodson. Am. soldier and eng. 1822
Hamilton L. Am. scientist aud author. . , 1819
Henry, Major. Eng. antiq. aud botanist.. 1793
Henry, Sir. Eng. lawyer, states'n in Can. 1S12
Henry. American police commissioner, . . 1820
Henry Boynton. Am. cl. and educator 1815
Henry H. Am. surgeon and author. 1815
Hezeliiah. .\m. cl. and educationist 1737
Hezekiah Bradley. Am. inventor and ben 1,816
Hezekiah W. Scottish engraver in Am 1,S28
Horace. English miscellaneous writer.., . 1779
Horace Weniyss, American author 1825
Irisarri Antonio. South American artist. 18.S2
Isaac. American jurist and statesman , , 17.%
Isaac. Am. banker and consul-general... 1813
Israel. American lawyer and statesman, , 1759
James. Signer of the Dec. of Independ 1720
James. American statesman and author. 1737
James. English miscellaueona writer 177,5
James. Scottish geologist and author , 1782
James. Canadian jurist 1808
DIED
1872
1.S71
1792
1812
1885
1888
1867
1790
i860
1867
1877
1886
1866
1851
1829
1884
1868
1871
1864
1836
1808
1879
1862
1883
1886
1806
1860
1818
1852
1883
1881
1878
1876
1.857
1846
1798
1847
1883
1882
1886
1849
1878
1876
1868
1882
1876
1876
1874
1876
1868
1868
1874
1876
1805
1887
1877
1807
1810
1806
1812
1889
1867
BORN
Smith, James Milton. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1823
Smith, James Wheaton. Am. clergyman, author. 1823
Smitll, James Y. Am. manufacturer, statesman. . 180!)
Smith, Jeremiah. Am. jurist and statesman 1759
Smith, Jerome van C. Am. phvs.. journalist 1800
Smith, Jesse C. American soldier I8O8
Smith, Job Lewis. American physician, author.. 1827
Smith, John, Capt. Eng. adventurer. Fouu. Va. 1579
Smith, John. American provincial councillor. . . 1722
Smith, John. American clergyman, statesman. .. 1735
Smith, john. American soldier aud statesman.. 1752
Smith, John. American educator and author. . . I7.i2
Smitll, John. American lawyer and statesman. , 1789
Smith, John Augustine. Am. physician, writer.. 1782
Smith, Johu Blair. Am. clergyman, educator. . , . 17.56
Smith, Johu Cotton. Am. lawver, statesman. , , . 1705
Smith, John Cotton. Am. statesman, diplomat. , 1810
Smith, Johu Cotton. Xm. P. E. clerg. and author 1826
Smith, John Hyatt. Am. clergyman, statesman. 1824
Smith, Johu Jay. Am. journalist and author, , . 1798
Smith, John L. Am. mineralogist and chemist. .. 1818
Smith, John Spear. Am. statesman and diplomat 1790
Smith, John Speed. Am. soldier and statesman. 1702
Smith, John Talbot. Am. K. C. cl. and author. .. , 1855
Smith, Jonathan B. Mem. of the Con. Congress. . 1742
Smith, Joseph. American naval otHcer 1790
Smith, Joseph. Am. clegymau and author 1796
Smith, Joseph. Fouuder of the Mormon Church. 1805
Smith, Joseph L. American jurist and soldier... 1776
Smith, Joseph I,. K, Am. soldier and engineer. , 1836
Smith, Joseph Mather. Mu. phvs. and author... 1T89
Smith, Joseph Rowe. American soldier 1802
Smith, Joshua. American Presby. clergvman. .. 1704
Smith, Joshua Hctt. American lawyer 1736
Smith, Josiah T. Am. Baptist clergyman and w'r 1815
Smith, Judson. -Vmerican clergyman andedu... 1837
Smith, Julia Evalina. Am. reformer, linguist, , , 1792
Smith, Juuius. .\merican lawyer 1780
Smith, Justin .\luierin. Am. Baptist cl.. journ . 1819
Smith, Lloyd P. .\m. journ., compiler, librarian 1SS2
Smith, Lucius Edwin. Am. clergyman and edu , 1822
Smith, Luella Dowd. .\ui. edu. and authoress, , . 1847
Smith, Margaret B. Am. philan. and authoress. . 1778
Smith, Martin Luther. American soldier 1819
Smith, Mary L. R. . American authoress 1842
Smith, Mary Prudence Wells. Am. edu. and au. . 1840
Smith, Maliliew H. Am. clergyman aud author.. 1816
Smith, -Milaiicton. Am. Continental Congressm. 1724
Smith, Mehiiicton. American soldier 17.S0
Smith, Melanctou. American naval officer 1810
Smith, Meriwether. American statesman 1730
Smith, Morgan Lewis Am. soldier aud diplomat 1822
Smith, Nathan. Am. physician and inventor 1762
Smith, Natliau. American statesman 1769
Smith, Nathan R. Am. surgeon and author 1797
Smith, Nathaniel. American statesman 1762
Smith, 01i\er. Am. statesman, philanthropist. , 1766
Smith, Oliver H. Am. lawyer and statesman 1794
Smith, Perry. American jurist and statesman. . . 1783
Smith, Persifer Frazer. American soldier 1798
Smith, Persifer F. Am. lawyer and legal writer. 1.808
Smith, Peter. American Indian trader 1768
Smith, Preston. American soldier 1823
Smith, Richard. .\m. member of Cont. Congress 1735
Smith, Richard. Irish journalist in -\merica. ,., , 1823
Smith, Richard P. Am. lawyer, jour, and author 1799
Smith, Richard P. American lawyer and soldier 1837
Smith, Richard S. Am. engineer and author 1813
Smith, Robert. Irish Presbyterian clergyman 1733
Smith, Robert. Eng. P. E. iJisbop. educ. 'in Am . . 1732
Smith, Robert. Am. lawyer and statesman 1757
Smith, Roswell. Am. lawyer and publisher 1829
Smith, Russell. Scottish artist in America 1812
Smith, Samuel. American soldier and mayor 1752
Smith, Samuel. American historian 1720
Smith, Samuel Emerson. American jurist 1788
Smith, Samuel Francis. American divine, poet.. 1808
Smith, Samuel Harrison. American journalist. . 1772
Smith, Samuel J. Am poet aud benefactor 1771
Smith, Samuel S. Am. clergyman and educator.. 17.')0
Smith, Samuel W. American R. R. president bsoo
Smith, Sarah L. Am. missionary and educator.. . 1702
Smith, Sarali Louisa H. American poetess isu
Smith, Seba. .\merican author 1792
Smith, Sidney. Canadian statesman and lawyer. 1823
Smith, Sidney I. Am. scientist and educator, 1843
Smith, Solomon F. Am. actor and statesman, ,, , 1801
Smith, Steplien. Am. phys. and educator 1823
Smith, Susan M. Am. authoress. Wife of John. , 1765
Smith, Syduev, Rev. English divine, essayist, wit 1771
Smith, Theophilufl W. Am. jurist and statesman. 1784
Smith, Thomas. Am. clergyman and historian. , , 1702
Smith, Thomas. Scot. statesman and jurist in Am 1745
Smith, Thomas Church H. American soldier 1819
Smith, Thoma.s Kilby. American soldier 182D
Smith, Thomas Loch'lan. Scottish artist In Am. 1836
Smith. Thomas Mather. Am. P. E. cl. and edu, , . 1797
Smithi Toulmin. English publicist aud scholar 1816
Smith, Trumaa. American juris and statesman 1791
DIED
189U
1876
1S42
1879
1888
i632
1771
1810
1816
1809
1858
1865
1799
1845
1879
1882
1886
1881
1SS3
1866
1864
1812
1877
1868
1844
1846
1862
1866
1868
1781
1818
IfiSS
i886
1844
1866
1879
1798
1818
1790
1874
1828
1835
1877
1822
1845
1859
1852
1858
1882
18.37
1863
1803
i.854
1887
1877
1793
1801
1842
1839
1776
1860
i845
1835
18lJ
isse
1832
1868
1869
i845
1845
1795
1809
i887
1884
1864
1869
18S4
S M 1 T II — S P E .\ C E R
1S09
BOR-N
Smith, William. Eng. jurist in America 11)97
Smitli, William. Scot.-Am. cl. and educator 1727
Smith, William. American jurist and historian. 1728
Smith, Wiliiaui. American .-iiatesman 1730
Smith, William, .•^cot. -Am. clergyman, educator. 175i
Smith, William, American statesman 1762
Smith, William, .vmerican statesman. historian 1769
Smith, W'illiam. English geologist 1769
Smith, William. Am. statesman and soldier 1796
Smith, William. American naval officer 1S03
Smith, William. English classical scholar 181.3
Smith, William Andrew. Am. cl. and educator.. 1802
Smith, William E. Scot, states'n.philan. in Am. 1824
Smith, William Ernst. Am. min. eng., statesman 18.W
Smith, W'illiam Farrar. American soldier 1824
Smith, William Loughton. Am.states'n, dlplo't. 1758
Smith, William Moore. Am. lawyer and author. . 1759
Smith, William Nathan H. Am. jurist, statesman 1812
Smith, William R. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 17S7
Smith, W'illiam R. Am. jurist, states'n, author. . 1813
Smith, William Robertson. Scot. Biblical scholar 1846
Smith, W'illiam Sidney, Sir. English admiral. .. . 1764
Smith, William Soot. ' Am. soldier, civil engineer 1830
Smith. William Stephens. Am. states'n. soldier. 17o5
Smith! William Waugh. Am. edu. and soldier 1845
Smith, Worthington. Am. clergyman and edu... 1795
Smith, Wyndham. The Asmx'in. Son of Sydney S
Smith, Zachariah F. Atn. educationist and author 1827
Smith, Zauthus. American artist 18.39
Smithson, James Lewis Macie. English physicist 17.54
Smollett, Tobias George. British novelist 1721
Smock, John Conover. Am. geologist and edu. . - 1842
Smybert or Smibert, John. Scotch artist in Am. 1664
Smybert or Smibert, Nathaniel. Am. artist 1734
Smyth, Alexander. Irish-Araer. law. and states.. 1765
Smyth, Andrew W. Irish-Am. phys., author 1833
Smyth, Clement. Irish-Am. RC. bishop 1810
Smyth, Egbert Coffin. American clergyman 1829
Smyth, Newman, Am. clergyman 1843
Smyth, Thomas. Irish-Am, clergyman, author. 1S08
Smyth, William, Am, educator and author 1797
Snead, Thomas L, Am, lawyer and soldier 1828
Sneed, John Louis T, American jurist, states — 1820
Snell, Thomas, Am. clergyman and author 1774
Snell, Willcbrord. Dutch 'mathematician 1591
Snelling, Henry Hunt. Am. journ., photographer 1817
Rnelling, Josiah. American soldier 1782
Snelliug, William Joseph. Am. journ., author 1804
Snethen, Nicholas. Am. evangelist and author.. 1769
Snider, Denton laques. Am. educator, author... 1841
Snodgrass, William Davis. Am. cl. and author.. 1796
Snorre Sturluson. Icelandic poet, historian — 1178
Sno'W, Caleb Hopkins, Xm. physician and author 1796
Sno'W, Marshall Solomon. .\m. edu. and author. 1842
Sno'W, William D, Am. lawyer and statesman 1832
Snow. William F. English explorer and author. . 1817
Snowden, Archibald L. Am. numismatist, invent 1.S37
Sncwden, James Ross. .\m. law., numis., states, isio
Snyder, Christopher, First martyr of the Rev... 17.5.5
Snyder or Sneyders, Franz. Flemish painter — 1.579
Snyder, Simon. American statesman 1759
Soane, John, Sir, English architect 1752
SoblesU, See Joh.n III. (King of Poland).
Socinus, Faustus. Italian religious reformer — 1540?
Socrates, -\thenlan philosopher e,c, 470?
Sojourner Truth, American lecturer 1775
Solana, de, Alonzo. Spanish miss, and author... 1530
Solander, Daniel Charles. Swedish naturalist.. . 1736
Solano, Juan. Spanish R. C. bishop 1504
Solarr, de, Mercedes Marin. Chilian poetess..... 18W
Solchaga, Mieuel. Mexican R. C. cl., educator. 1674
Soley, James liussell. Am. educator and author. IMO
Soils y Rlvadeneyra, de, Antonio. Sp. hls.,dra. 1610
Solon. Athenian sage and lawgiver B.C. 638?
Solorzano y Pereira, Juan de. Spanish jurist 1575
Solyman ir Sulaiman, Ottoman sultan 14*4?
Somerby, Frederic T, Am. journalist ?nd author. 1814
Somerby, Horatio Gates. American genealogist. 1805
Somers, John, Lord. English statesman 1651
Somers, Richard, -American naval officer 1778
Somerset, Edward S., Duke of. Eng. statesman . 1500?
Somer'ViUe, Mary. Mrs. Scot. ast. and physicist. 1789
SomervUle, WiU'iara C. Am. diplomat and author 1790
Sbmmering, von, Samuel T. Ger. anat. and phys 17.55
Sommers, Charles. G. Eng. -Am. cl. and author. . 1793
Sonnini de Manoncourt, Charles N. S. Fr. nat . 1750?
Sonntag, George. American soldier 1786
Sonntag, W'illiam Louis. American artist 1822
Sontag, Henriette. Countess Rossi. Ger, vocalist 1806
Sonthonax, Leger Felicite, French commissioner 1763
Sophocles, Greek tragic poet B,c. 495?
Sophocles Evangelinus A. Grecian educator in A 1807
Sopwith, Thomas, Eng. geol. and minlngeng.. 1803
Sorln, Edward. French R. C. missionary in , Am 1814
Sotheran, Charles. Eng. bibl. and journalist in A 1847
Sothem, Edward Askew. .\mericAn actor 1830
Soto, Marco Aurelio. President of Honduras . - 1846
Soublse, de, Benjamin de R.. Seigueur. Hug. sold 1585
Sotibletie, Carlos. Venezuelan states., soldier. . . 1790
DIED
1769
1803
1793
1S14
1821
1840
1847
1839
1887
1873
i876
1888
i82i
1821
1868
1840
isis
1856
1872
1829
1771
1751
1756
1830
1S65
1883
1868
1862
1626
1829
1848
1845
is85
1241
1835
1878
1770
1657
1819
1836
1604
399
1883
1782
1.580
1866
1718
i686
558
1654
1566
1871
1876
1716
1802
1552
1872
1.826
1830
1868
1812
1841
1854
1813
406
1883
1879
1642
1870
Souderj Casper. American journalist
Sonlabie, Louis F. Fr. Jesuit miss., explorer
Soule, Caroline Augusta. Am. journalist, author
Soule, George. American educator and author..
Sonle, Joshua. American M. E. bishop
Soule, Pierre. Am. politician", born in France
Soule, Richard. .\m. civil eng., lexicographer
Soulie, Endore. French writer
BOES
.819
,587
824
834
81
802
812
817
782
769
788
785
633
573
749
787
750
774
812
Soulon(jae, Faustin Elie. Emperor of Ilayti
SOIllt, Nicolas J, de D.. DukeofDalmatia, Fr.mar
Soupe, Marie Joseph. French physician, author.
South, James, Sir. English astronomer
Scath, Robert, English divine and author
Southampton, Henry W,, Earl of, Eng, states'n.
Southard, Henry. Am. patriot and statesman...
Southard, Samuel L. Am. jurist and statesman.
Southcott, Joanna. English religious fanatic
Southey, Robert, Eng. poet and miscel. writer..
Southgate, Horatio. Am, Prot. Episcopal bishop
Southwick, Solomon. Am. journ. and statesman i/va
South'worth, Constant. Dutch colonist in Am. .. 1614
South'worth, Emma D. E., born Nevitte. Am. nov 181.-
South'worth, Nathaniel. American artist 1806
SOUtman, Cornelius. S. .^m. exp. and botanist.. 1686
Souvestre , Emile. French author 1808
Souza, Pero Lopes. Portuguese explorer 1500
Souza, de, Thome. Port, gov .-general of Brazil
So'wards, Joseph. American scout 1840
Sower, Charles Gilbert, American publisher 1S21
So'wer, Christopher. German printer in America 1693
SO'Wer, Christopher. Sou of Chrii^timher 1754
Sewer, Christopher. Ger. Dunkard cl. in Am — 1721
Scwerlsy, James de Carle. English naturalist... . 1787
So'werhy, James. English artist and naturalist. . 1757
Soyer, Alexis. French cook 1800?
Spada, Lionello Italian painter 1576
Spaeth, Adolph. Ger. cl. and educator in Amer. 1839
Spaight, Richard Dobbs. .\merican statesman... 1758
Spaight, Richard Dobbs. American statesman... 17%
Spagnolettc, Jo.»e J?/6fra. Spanish painter 1588
Spalding, Benedict J. Am. K. C. cl., educator... . 1812
Spalding, George B. Am. clergyman, journalist. 1835
Spalding, Henry H. Am. miss'y, educationalist. 1804
Spalding, James R. Am. lawyer and journalist.. 1821
Spalding, John F. Am. P. E. bishop and author.. 1828
Spalding, John L. Am. R. C, bishop and author. 1840
Spalding, Lyman. American physician.. 1775
Spalding, Martin J. American R. C. prelate 1810
Spalding, Rufus P. Am. jurist and statesman... 1798
Spalding, Simon. American soldier 1742
Spalding, Solomon. Author "Book of Mormon" 1761
Spallanzani, Lazaro. Italian anatomist 1729
Spangenberg, Aug. G. Pr. tdr. Morav. Ch. Am.. 1704
Sparhawk, Frances Campbell, .^m. authoress... 1858
Sparkman, James Trueslow. Am. reformer 1842
Sparks, Jared. Am. historian and biographer .. . 1789
Sparks, Wm. H. Am. lawyer, statesman., author 1800
Sparrow, William. Am. clergyman, educator... 1801
Spaulding, Edward. American inventor 1824
Spaulding, Elbridge G. Am. lawyer, statesman, 1809
Spaulding, Levi. Am. missionary, educator 1791
Spaulding, Nathan W, Am, inventor, manufac. 1829
Spear, Charles. Am. clergyman. philanthropist . 1801
Spear, Ellis. Am,lajft',,commis'rof patents 1834
Spear, Samuel P, American soldier 1815
Spear, Samuel T, Am. clergyman and author — 1812
Speece, Conrad. Am. cler^man and author 1776
Speed, James. American jurist and statesman.. 1812
Speed, John G. Am. civil engineer, journalist.. 1852
Speed, Joshua Fry, Am. merchant, statesman... 1814
Speer, William. Am. physician and missionary. 1822
Speight, Jesse, .\merican statesman — 1795
Speir, Samuel F. Am. surgeon and inventor 1838
Speke, John Hanning. Eng. explorer of Africa. 1827
Spelman, Henry, Sir. Eng. historian, antiquary 1.562
Spelman, Henry. English colonist in America. .. 1600
Spence.B.E. English sculptor
Spence, John. Scotch phys, and writer in Am — 1766
Spence, John S. Am. phys. and statesman 1788
Spence, Robert Traill. Am. naval officer 1785
Spencer, Ambrose. Am. jurist and statesman — 1765
Spencer, Aubrev George. Eng. colon, bp. in Am. 1785
Spencer, Bella Z. English authoress in America. 1840
Spencer, Cornelia P. American authoress 1825
Spencer, Elihu. American clergyman 1721
Spencer, Francis E. Am. jurist and statesman... 1834
Spencer, Frederick R. American artist 1806
Spencer, George Eliphaz. Am. lawyer, states — 18.36
Spencer, Herbert. English philosopher 1820
Spencer, Ichabod Smith. Am. cl. and educator.. 1798
Spencer, James Bradley. Am. sold., statesman.. 1781
Spencer, James Clark. American jurist 1826
Spencer, Jesse Ames. Am. P. E. clerg. author. . . 1816
Spencer, John Canfield. American statesman... 1788
Spencer, Joseph William. Can.geol., educator.. 1850
Spencer, Pitman Curtius. .American surgeon. ... 1790
Spencer, Piatt R. Am. fr. of business colleges... 1800
Spencer, Sara .\ndrews. Am. reformer, authoress 1837
Spencer, Theodore. Am. Cong, clergyman 1800 1870
DIE!
1868
1656
1867
1870
1877
1876
1867
1851
1794
1867
1716
1624
1842
1842
1814
1843
1839
1685
1858
1751
1854
1539
1560
1863
i758
1799
1784
1871
1822
1858
1622
1802
1850
1656
1868
1874
1872
1821
1872
1886
1814
1816
1799
1792
1866
1882
1874
1863
i875
1891
1836
IS87
1882
1847
1864
1641
1622
1866
1829
1840
1827
1848
1872
1867
1784
1875
185i
1848
1853
1861
1864
1810
SPENCER — STEPHENS
EOKN DIED
Spencer, Thomas. Am. riliysician and author 179.S 1S57
Spencer, William A. American naval officer 1793 1854
spencer, William Loring. American author
Spener, Philip Jakob. German theologian 1635 1705
Spenser, Edmund. English poet 15527 1599
Spicer, William F. • Am. naval officer and poet... 1S20 1S78
Spiegel, Friedrich. German orientalist 1S20
Spieker, George r. An. Lutheran cl., educator.. 1844
Spielbergen, van, Georg. Dutch navigator 1557 1621
Spielhagen, Friedrich. German novelist 1S29
spiers, Alex. Ph. D. Fr. philologist, professor... 1807 1869
spies, August V. T. Ger. anarchist in America . . 1855 1887
Spiess, Heiurich. German painter 1831 1875
spinner, Francis Elias. American financier 1802 1890
Spinola, Francis B. Am. soldier, statesman 1821
Spinoza, Baruch or Benedict. Dutch philosopher 1632 1677
Spire or Speier, von, Georg. Ger. gov. of Venez. 1496 1540
Spitzka, Edward Charles. American physician.. 1.S52 ...
SDOfford, Ainsworth R. American lihrar'iaii 1S25
Spofford, Harriet E., born Prescott. Am. auth'rss. 1835
Spofford, Henry JIartyn. American iurist 1S21 1880
Spohr, Ludwig. German musical composer 17S4 1869
Spontini, Gasparo Luigi P. Italian composer 1774 1851
Spooner, Aldcn J. Am. lawyer and historian 1810 1881
Spooner, Johu Coit. Am. soldier and statesman 1843
Spooner, Lysander. Am. lawyer and author 1808 1887
spooner, Shearjashub. Am. dentist and author.. 1809 1859
Spotswood, Alexander. African gov. of Vir 1676 1740
Spotts, James H. American naval officer 1S22 1882
Sprague, Alfred White. Hawaiian edu., author. . 1821
Sprague, Charles. American poet 1791 1875
Sprague, Charles Ezra. Am. inventor, author 1842
Sprague, Charles James. Am. botanist and poet 1S23
Sprague, John T. American soldier and author. 1810' 1878
Sprague, John \V. American soldier and banker 1817 ....
Sprague, Peleg. Am. statesman, legal writer 1793 1880
Sprague, William. Am. statesman aud banker... 1799 1856
sprague, William. Governorof Rhode Island 1830
Sprague, WilUam B. Am. clergvman and author. 1795 1876
Spranger, Daniel G. Dutch-Hebrew colonist... 1610 1661
Sprat, Thomas. English prelate and writer 16.36 1713
spread, iienry F. Irish-Am. artist and educator 1844
Sprecher, Samuel. Am. clergvman and educator ISIO
Sprenger, Aloys. Swiss orientalist 1813
spring, Edward A. Am. sculptor and educator. . 1837
spring, Ciardiuer. Am. clergyman and author... 1785 1873
spring, Robert. English forger in .America 1813 1.S76
spring, Samuel. American clergyman aud soldier 1746 1819
springer, Rebecca Ruter. American authoress. . 1832 .
Springer, Reuben Runyan. Am. philanthropist. 1800 1884
springer, Wm. McKendree. .\m. lawver, states. 1S:?6
Sproull, Thomas. Am. clergyman and educator. 1803 ...
Spruance Presley, .\merican statesman 1785 1863
Spry, William. Eng. jurist in Xova .Scotia 1772
Spurgeon, Charles Haddon. Eug. Baptist preach 1834 1893
Spurzheim, Johann Gaspar. Ger. phys., phreu.. 1776 1832
Squler, Ephraim George. American archaeologist 1.S21 1888
Squier, Miles Powell. Am. clergyman, author. .. 1792 1866
Stacy, James. Am. Presb. clergyman, author... 1830 ....
Staden, Hans. German navigator and author 1520 1565
Stael-Holstein, de, Anne L., Bar. Fr. authoress 1766 1817
Staempfll, Jakob. .Swiss statesman 1820 1879
Stafford, William Howard, Vise. Eng. statesman 1612 1680
Stager, Anson. Am. supt. of telegraphs, soldier. 1825 1885
Stanel, Julius. Hung. sold, in Am.,. \m. diplomat 1825 ...
Stahl, George Ernst. German chemist 1660 1734
Stahr, Adolf Wilhelm Theodor. German scholar l.sa5 1876
Staigg, Richard Morrell. English artist in Am.. . 1.S17 1881
Stainer, Johu. English musician 1840 1889
Stall, Sylvanus. Am. Luth. clerg. and author 1847
Stallo, John B. German lawyer, phil. in Am 1823
Stanbery, Henry. American attornev-general... 1,803 1881
Standish, Miles. Capt. .Mil.lead.at Plvm'h. Mass l.">84? 1656
Stanfield, William C. English marine painter. . 1793 1867
Stanford, Leland. (iov.ofCal. Found, of Univ. 1824
Stanhope, Charles. Third earl. English invent. . 1753 1816
Stanhope, Hestor Lucy. Lady. Ecc Eng. wom.<in 1776 18,39
Stanhope, James, First earl. English statesman 1673 1721
Stanhope, Philip H.. Fifth earl. Eng.states., hist 1805 1875
Stanislas Augustus. Kingof Poland 1732 1798
Stanislas I. King of Poland 1677 1766
Stanley. See Derby.
Stanley, Anthony D. Am. mathematician, edu.. I8I0 1853
Stanley, -Arthur P. Eug. cl. Dean of Westminster 1815 1881
Stanley, Frederick .\., Lord. Eng. gov. of Can. .. 1841
Stanley, Henry Morton. Am. explorer in Africa. 1840
Stanley of Alderly, Edward J. En.g. statesman.. 1802 1869
Stanly, Edward. American statesirian 1811 1872
Stanly, Fabius. .\merican naval officer 1815 1882
Stannard, George Jerrison. American soldier. .. 1820 1886
Staushury, Arthur J. American author 1781 1845
Stansbury, Howard. Am. surveyor, engineer. .. . 1806 1863
Stansbury, Joseph. Eng. merchant in America.. 17.50 1809
Stansbury, Philip. Am. pedestrian and author.. !S02 1S70
Stansel, Valentine. Moravian jurist. educator... 1621 1705
Stanton, Edward McMasters. Am. statesman. ... 1814 1869
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. .\merican reformer... . 1815 . .
Stanton, Daniel. American Quaker preacher 1708 1770
Stanton, Frederic P. .\m. lawyer, statesman 1814 ..
BOBN DIE!
Stanton, Henry. American soldier 1796 1856
Stanton, Henry B. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1805 1887
Stanton, Henry Thompson. Am. inv. and poet.. 1834 ...
Stanton, Joseph. American soldier and states'n. 1739 1807
Stanton, Oscar Fitzalan. .\m. naval officer 1834
Stanton, Richard Henry. Am. jurist, statesman. 1812
Stanton, Robert Livington. Am. cl. and edu ISIO
Stanton, Stiles Trumbull. Am. states'n. jouru.. 1849 1888
Stanton, Theodore. American journalist 1851
Stanwlx, Johu. British general in America 1690 1765
Staples, Waller Redd. Am. jurist and statesman 1826
Staples, William Read. Am. jurist and historian 1798 1868
Starhuck, Calvin W. Am. journ. and benefactor 1822 1870
Starin, John Henry. American steamboat owner 1827
Stark, Andrew. Scot. cl. and author in America. 1790 1849
Stark, Benjamin. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1820
Stark, John. American Revolutiouarv general.. . 1728 1822
Stark, William. American soldier 1724
Stark, William. Am. lawyer and naturalist 1820 1873
Starkey, Thomas Alfred. Am. P. E. bishop 1824 .. .
Starkweather, Henry H. Am. lawver, statesman 1826 1876
Starkweatlier, John C. Am. soldier and lawver. 1830 ....
Starling, Lyne. American philanthropist ' 1784 1848
Starnes, Henry. Canadian statesman 1816
Starr, Alfred A. Am. inventor and lecturer 1820
Starr, Eliza .\llau. American authoress 1824
Starr, Frederick. X.S.dairym'n and author in Am 1821
Starrs, William. Irish R. C. clergyman in Am.. . 1807 1873
Staugton, William. Eng. clergvman in America. 1770 1829
Staunton, Howard. Eng. editor of Shakespeare. 1810 1874
Staunton, William. Eng. clergvman in America 1803
Stearns, Asahel. Am. lawyer and educator 1774 i.«39
Stearns, Charles. Am. Unit. cl. and author 1753 1826
Stearns, Charles W. Am. physician and author.. . 1818 1887
Stearns, Ebon Sperry. American educator 1821 1887
Stearns, Edward Josiah. Am. cl. and author 1800
Stearns, George Luther. Am. merch. and journ. 1809 1867
Stearns, John. American phvsician and Senator 1770 1848
Stearns, John Glazier. Am. Bap. cl and author. 1795 1874
Stearns, John Newton. American journalist 1829
Stearns, John William. American educator 1840
Stearns, Jonathan. French-Am. Presb. clerg 1808
Stearns, Joseph Barker. Am. electrical engineer 1831
Stearns, Junius Brutus. American artist 1810 1885
Stearns, Oakman S. Am. Bpt. cl. aud educator. . 1817
Stearns, Ozora Piersou. Am soldier. educator.. 1831
Stearns, Samuel. Am. physician and author 1747 1819
Stearns, Samuel Horatio. American clergyman. 1801 1837
Stearns, Sarah Burger. American reformer ia36
Stearns, William Augustus. Am. clergvman 1805 1876
Stearns, William French. American m'erchant. . 1834 1874
Stebbins, Emma. American artist and sculptor. 1815 1882
Stedman, Charles. Eng. soldieraud auth. in Am. 1745 1812
Stedman, Edmund Clarence. Am. poet, essayist 1833
Stedman, John Ciabriel. Scot, soldier, author'. 1797
Steedman, Charles. American naval officer 1811 1890
Steedman, James B. Am. soldier and statesman 1818 1883
Steel, William. Scot, merch.. abolitionist in Am 1809 1881
Steele, James. American manufacturer, soldier. 1765 1845
Steele, Joel Dorman. American educator 1.836 1886
Steele, John. American soldier 1755 1805
Steele, John. American soldier and statesman. . 17.58 1827
Steele, John. American statesman 1764 1815
Steele, Richard. Sir. English essayist 1671? 1729
Steele, William. Americau Revolutionary soldier 1762 1851
Steele, William, .\merican soldier 1819 1885
Steen, Jan. Dutch painter 1626 1679
Steendam, Jacob. Dutch poet in America 1616 ...
Steenstra, Peter H. Dutch clergvman and edu. . 1833 ....
Steenwyk, van. Hendrik. Tl,c EMn-. PI. painter 1550 1604
Steers. George. American naval constructor 1821 1856
Steevens, George. English editor 1736 180O
Steffens, Heiurich. Norwegian philosopher 1773 1845
Steiger, Ernst. Saxon pub. and bookseller in Am. 1832 ....
Stein, Conrad. German historian and educator. 1701 1762
Stein, Lorenz. Ger. jurist and political economist 1815 ...
Stein, von. Heiurich F. K.. Baron. Prus. states'n 1757 1831
Steinbel, Roger Nelson. American naval officer. 1810 ....
Steiner, Lewis H. Am. phys.. edu. and Senator.. 1827 ...
Steinhauer, Henry B. Can. cl. and translator... . 1804 1885
Steinhefer, Juan. " Ger. Jesuit, phys., botanist 1650 1716
Steinitz, William. Boh. chess player, jour, in Am 1836 ....
Steinway, -Albert. German soldier in America.. 1,840 1877
Steinway, Henry E. Ger. piano manfr. in Am . 1797 1.-71
Steinwiehr, von, Adolph W. A. F. Ger. sol.in Am 1822 1877
Steno, Nicolas. Danish anatomist 1638 H>87
Stephen. K. of Eng. Last of Anglo-Norman line 1105 1164
Stephen I., Saint. King of Hungary 979? loss
Stephen, -Adam. American soldier 1730 1791
Stephen, A. J. Lawver and writer 1788 1864
Stephen Batliori king of Poland 1632 1586
Stephen, James. English publicist 17.5? 1832
Stephen, James F.. Sir. English politician 1829
Stephen, Leslie. English writer 1832 ....
Stephens, or Stephanus. Fr. pr. See Etjenxe.
Stephens, Abednevro. .\m. P. E. cl.. ed\icator .. , . 1812 18<1
Stephens, .\lexander Hamilton. Am. statesman. 1812 1883
Stephens, .\nn Sophia. American authoress . 1813 ]8,>i6
Stephens, Daniel. Am, P. E. cl. and educator . 1778 1850
STEPHENS — STORRS
1811
liOKN
Stephens, Harriet M. Am. actress, authoress ... 1S23
Stephens, Henry Louis. Am. book illustrator., ls-24
Stephens, John Lloyd. Am. traveler and author. 1805
Stephens, Linton. Am. jurist and statesman 1S23
Stephens, William. Eng. colonial pres. in Am. . . 1671
Stephenson, George. English engineer 17S1
Stephenson, Matthew. American statesman 1776
Stephenson, Robert. English engineer 1803
Sterett, -Andrew. American naval officer 1760
Sterett, Isaac Sears. American naval officer 1801
Sterling, John. British critic and essayist. .. — 1S06
Sterling, Richard. Irish educator in America... 1812
Sternberg, George Miller. Am. surg. and inv 1838
Sterne, Laurence. Eng. divine and hum. writer. 1713
Sterne, Simon. Am. lawyer, political economist. 1839
Stetefeldt, Carl A. Ger. mining eng., inv. in Am 1838
Stetson, Charles Augustus. Am. hotel prop 1810
Steuart, George H. American soldier 1828
Steuart, Richard Sprigg. American physician... 1797
Steuhen, Frederick W.. Baron. Prus.-Am.gen... 1730
Stevens, -\aron Fletcher. Am. lawyer, states'n.. 1819
Stevens, -Vbel. American author 1815
Stevens, -Alexander H. Am. surgeon, educator.. 1789
Stevens, Benjamin Franklin. .\m. bibliographer 1833
Stevens, Charles Ellis. Am. P. E. clergyman 1853
Stevens, Ebenezer. .\merican soldier 1751
Stevens, Edward. American soldier, senator 1745
Stevens, Edwin Augustus. Bro. of R. L. Am. inv 1795
Stevens, Enos. .\merican loyalist 1739
Stevens, Enos. American educator and inventor 1816
Stevens, George Barker. Am. Presby. cl., edu. . . 1854
Stevens. Henry. American antiquary 1791
Stevens, Henry. American bibliographer 1819
Stevens, Isaac Ingalls. American general 1818
Stevens, James A. American steamboat owner.. 1790
Stevens, James G. Scotch jur. legal w'r in Can. . 1822
Stevens, John. Am. mem. of the Con. Congress. 170S
Stevens John. .American engineer and inventor 1748
Stevens, John. Am. educator and journalist 1798
Stevens, John Austin. American banker 1795
Stevens, John Austin. Am. lib., hist., journalist. 1827
Stevens, John Cox. American yachtsman 1785
Stevens, Paul. Belgian journalist, authorin Can. 1830
Stevens, Phinehas. American soldier 1707
Stevens, Simon. American soldier 1737
Stevens, Thaddeus. .\m. statesman and abol.. .. 1792
Stevens, Thadeus Morrel. .\merican physician.. l.SW
Stevens, Thomas. English bicyclist and" author. 1855
Stevens, Thomas Holdup. .\m'. naval officer 1795
Stevens, Thomas Holdup. Jr. Am. naval officer.. 1819
Stevens, Walter Husted. Am. sol . and engineer. 1827
Stevens, Walter Le Conte. Am.physicist.edu... IfAl
Stevens, William Bacon, km' P. E. bp. and phys 1815
Stevenson, .\lex. A. Scot, print., states, in Can... 1829
Stevenson, Andrew. Am.statesm. and diplomat 1784
Stevenson, James. Am. explorer and ethnol 1840
Stevenson, John D. Am. statesman and soldier. 1821
Stevenson, Robert. Scot, engin. of lighthouses.. 1770
Stevenson, Robert Livingston. Am. inventor 1784
Stevenson, Robert Louis. Scotch author 1850
Stevenson, Sarah Hackett. Am phys. and auth. 1843
Stevenson, Thomas Greely. American soldier... 1836
Steward, Isabella T., Mrs.' Eng. novelist, poetess 1807?
Steward, Theophilus Gould. Am. A. M. E. cl 1843
Stewardson, Thomas. Am. physiciau and author 1807
Stewart, Alexander. English soldier 1740
Stewart, -\Iexander. Canadian jurist 1794
Stewart, Alexander P. Am. soldier, educator 1821
Stewart, Alexander Turney. American merchant 1803
Stewart, Alvan. American lawyer and reformer 1790
Stewart, Austin. American statesman, author... 1793
Stewart, Balfour. British physicist 1828
Stewart, Charles. Irish soldier and statesman.. . 1729
Stewart, Charles. American rear admiral 1778
Stewart, Charles J. Scottish P. E. bishop in Can. 1775
Stewart, Charles S. Am. missionary and author. 1795
Stewart, Charles S. Am. soldier and engineer. . . 1823
Stewart, David. Am. lawyer and statesman 1800
Stewart, Dugald. Scottish metaphpsician 1753
Stewart, Electra M. S. American authoress 1817
Stewart, Ferdinand C. Am. phys. and inventor. 1815
Stewart, George. Am. journalist, author in Can. 1848
Stewart, Gideon T. .\m. statesman, journalist... 1824
Stewart, Jacob H. Am. phys. and statesman 1829
Stewart. James. American phys. and author — 1799
Stewart, John. Scottish statesman in Canada... 1773
Stewart, McLeod. Canadian lawyer, financier... 1847
Stewart, Robert Mercellus. American statesm'n 1815
Stewart, Thomas McC. Am. lawyer educator 18.54
Stewart, Virgil Adam. American author 1809
Stewart, Walter. American soldier 1756
Stewart, William. Scottish statesman in Can... 1802
Stewart, William Morris. Am. law., statesman. . 1827
Stickney, John. Am. musical composer 1742
Stifter, -Adalbert. German novelist and painter. 1806
Stiles, Ezra. Am. theologian. Pres. Yale Col. .. 1727
Stiles, Henry Reed. Am. physician and author. , 18.S2
Stiles, Israel Newton. Am. lawyer and soldier . 18.33
Stiles, Joseph Clay. Am. clergyman and author. 1795
DIED
1858
1882
1852
1872
1753
1848
1834
1859
1807
1863
1S44
1883
i764
1888
1876
1794
1887
1823
1820
1868
1808
1877
1867
18S6
1862
1873
i792
1S38
1877
1874
i857
1882
1756
1868
1885
1841
1867
i887
1857
1888
18.50
1S56
1864
1867
1878
1794
1868
1876
1849
1860
1800
1869
1&37
1870
iS58
1828
1884
1864
1868
1871
1796
1856
i.S26
1868
1795
1875
BOSK
Stiles, William Henry. Am. diplomat, soldier. .. 1808
Still, William. Am. philanthropist and author.. 1S21
Stille, Alfred. Am. physician, medical writer 1813
Still6, Charles Janeway. American historian. .. . 1819
Stille, Moreton. Am. physician and lecturer 1822
Stlllingfleet, Edward. Eng. thco., bp. of Worces. 1635
Stillman, Samuel. Am. clerg., philanthropist. . . 1738
Stillman, Thomas Bliss. Am. meeh. engineer 1806
Stillman, William J. Am. artist and diplomat... 1828
StUwell, Silas M. Am. lawver, statesman, writer 1800
Stimpson, William. American naturalist 1832
Stimson, Alexander L. Am. lawyer and author. . 1816
Stimson, Frederic Jesup. American author 1855
Stimson, John Ward. Am. artist and educator.. 1850
Stirling, James Hutchinson. Scotch critic 1S20
Stirllng-MaxweU, William, Sir. Scottish author 1818
Stith, William. Am. P. E. clergyman, historian. . 1689
Stobo, Robert. Scottish soldier in America 1727
Stockbridge, Francis Brown. American states'n 1826
Stockbridge, Henry. Am. statesman and author 1822
Stockbridge, Levi. Am. agriculturist, educator.. 1820
Stockton, Alfred A. Can. lawverand editor 1842
Stockton, Francis R. Am. story writer 1834
Stockton, John Drean. American journalist 1836
Stockton, John Potter. Am states., diplomat 1826
Stockton, Richard. Signer of the Dec. of Ind 1730
Stockton, Richard. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1764
Stockton, Robert F. American commodore 1795
Stockton, Thomas H. Am. clergyman, journalist 1808
Stoddard, Amos. American soldier and author.. 1762
Stoddard, Anthony. Am. lawyer and phvsician.. 1678
Stoddard, Charles W. Am. journalist, author... 1843
Stoddard, David T. Am. missionarv and author. 1818
Stoddard, Elizabeth B. Am. authoress; 1823
Stoddard, John. American statesman 1681
Stoddard, John F. Am. educator and author 1825
Stoddard, Joshua C. Am. inventor, apiarist 1814
Stoddard, Richard Henry. American poet 1825
Stoddard, Solomon. Am. clergyman and author. 1643
Stoddard, Solomon. American educator 1800
Stoddard, William Osborn. Am. jour, inventor. 1S35
Stoddert, Benj. Am. soldier and cabinet officer. 1751
Stoeckel, Gustave J. Ger. mus. composer in Am. 1819
Stoever, Martin L. Am. educator and journalist. 1820
Stokes, Anthony. Eng. journalist, author in Am. 1736
Stokes, George Gabriel. British mathematician. 1819
Stokes, James H. American soldier 1814
Stokes. Montford. American statesman 1760
Stolberg, von, Friedrich L., Count. German poet 1750
Stolbrand, Carlos J. M. Swedish soldier in Am. 1821
Stone, Amasa. Am. architect and philanthropist 1818
Stone, Andrew Leete. Am. clergyman and author 1815
Stone, Barton Warren. Am. clergyman, author. . 1772
Stone, Charles Pomeroy. American soldier 1824
Stone, Collins. Am. clergyman and educator.. .. 1812
Stone, David. American statesman 1770
Stone, David Marvin. Am. journ.and author... 1817
Stone, Ebenezer W. Am. soldier and author 1801
Stone, Edwin Martin. Am. clergyman, author. . . 1805
Stone, Horatio. American sculptor
Stone, James K. Am. R. C. clergyman and edu.. 1840
Stone, James Samuel. Eng. P. E. cl. and author. 1862
Stone, John Aug-ustus. Am. dramatist and actor. 1801
Stone, John Hoskius. Am. soldier, statesman. .
Stone, John Osgood. Am. physician and writer
Stone, John Seely. Am. P. E. cl. and author 1795
Stone, Lucy. Am. advocate of woman's rights. .. 1818
Stone, Melville Elijah. Am. manuf. and journ. . . l.*48
Stone, Michael Jenifer. Am. jurist and statesm. 1750
Stone, Ormond. Am astronomer and educator... 1847
Stone, Samuel. Eng. clergyman in America 1602
Stone, Thomas. Signer of the Decla. of Independ 1743
Stone, Thomas Treadwell. American clergyman. 1801
Stone, Warren. Am. physician and educator 1808
Stone, Warren, Jr. Am. physician and educator.. 1843
Stone, William. Eng. colonial governor in Am... 1603
Stone, William Leete. Am. journalist, biograp'r. 1792
Stone, William Leete, Jr. American author... . 1835
Stone, William Murray. American P. E. bishop. 1779
Stone, William Oliver. American artist 1830
Stoneman, George. Am. soldier and governor.... 1822
Storch, von, Heinrich F. Ru. polit. economist... 1766
Storer, Bellamy. American jurist and statesman 1798
Storer, Clement. American physician, statesm.. 1760
Storer, David H. American physician, author 1804
Storer, Francis H. American chemist, educator. 1832
Storer, George W. American naval officer 1*
Storer, Horatio R. Son of D. H. Am. surgeon. .. . 1830
Storey, Wilbur Fisk. American journalist 1819
Stork, Charles A. Am. clergyman and educator.. 1838
Stork, Charles A. G. Ger. Luth. clergym. in Am. 1764
Stork, Theophilus. Am. Luth. clergym., author.. 1814
Storm, Theodor Woldsen. German poet 1817
Stormonth, James. Scotch philologist, lexicog. . 1825
Storrs, Charles B. Am. clergyman and educator. 1794
Storrs, Emery Alexander, .\rnerican lawyer 1835
Storrs, Henry R. Am. lawyer and statesman 1787
Storrs, Richard Salter. Am. cl. and educator. . .. 1787
Storrs, Richard Salter. American clersryman. .. 1821
1745
1813
DIED
1865
1856
1699
1807
1866
i881
1872
1878
1755
1770
1877
1781
1828
1866
1868
181?
1760
is.57
1748
1873
17»
1847
1870
1799
1842
1819
1883
i844
1887
1870
1818
iS80
1883
1875
1884
1804
1876
1882
1812
166.S
1787
1872
1883
1695
1844
1838
1875
i835
1875
1830
89 1864
1881
1883
1831
1874
1888
1882
1833
1885
1837
1873
1812
STORES — SUTHERLAND
BORX DIED
Storrs, \ViIliam Lucius. Am. jurist, statesman. . 17M5 1S61
Story, oieorge Henry. American artist 1835 —
Story, Isaac. Am. lawyer, journalist and author 1774 1803
Story, Joseph. American jurist 177^ 1845
Story, William Wetmore. Am. sculptor, poet — 1819 —
Stougnton, Edwiu Heury. American soldier. .. . 1838 1868
Stoughton, Edwiu Wallace. Am. law., diplomat. 1S18 1882
Stoughton, Israel. Eug. soldier, benefactor 1645
Stoughton, William. Eug. statesman in Am 16.S2 1701
Stougbton, William Lewis. Am. lawyer, soldier. 1827 1SS8
Stow, Baron. .\m. Bapt. clergyman and author.. 1801 1869
Stowe, Calvin Ellis. .American cl. and author. . . 1802 1886
Stowe, Harriet E. Beecher. Am. authoress 1811
Stowell, Charles Henry. Am. microscop., edu... 1S50
Stowell, Louisa Maria Reed. Am. microscop., w'r 1850 —
Stowell, William Scott, Baron. English judge. .. 1745 1836
Strabo. Li reelc geographer B. c. 66? A.D. 24?
Strachan, John. Scotch P. E.bp. and edu. in Can 1778 1867
Stradella, .^lessandro. Italian mus. composer.. 1646 1678
Stradivarius, Antonio. It. violin m'r of Cremona 1670 1?28
Strafford, Thomas W., Earl of. Statesman 1.593 1641
Strain, Isaac G. American naval officer 1821 1857
Strakosch, Maurice. Moravianmus. in .America 1825 1887
Strakosch, Max. Moravian opera, mang'. in Am. 1S:>5
Stranaban, James Samuel T. Am states., capital 1808 ...
Strandberg, C. W. A. Swedish poet 1818 1877
Strange, Robert, Sir. Scottish engraver 1721 1792
Strange, Robert, .\merican jurist and states... 1796 1854
Strange, Thomas B. Hindoo soldier in Canada.. 1831
Stratford de Redcliffe, Stratfd C, Vis. Eng. dip 17S6 J8S0
Stratton, Charles G. Am. cl. and educationist.. 1833
Stratton, Charles S. Tom Thumb. Am. dwarf.. .. I83S ISS3
Stratton, Henry Dwight. American educator — 1824 1867
Stratton, MercvLaviniaB. ICiYe C.S. Am. dwarf.. 1841
Straus, Oscar Solomon. Bavarian merch. in .■i.m. 1850
Straus3, David F. Ger. rationalistic theologian. 1808 1874
Strauss, Edward. Viennese musical composer.. 1835 ...
Strauss, Johanu Vieunese musical composer. . 1804 1849
Strauss, Johanu- Viennese musical composer.. 1825
Strauss, Joseph Vieunese musical composer 1827 1870
Strawbridge, I^obert. Irish M. E. evan'st in Am 1781
Straznicky, Edwiu-d R. .\ustrian librarian in .Vm- 1820 1876
Street, Alfred Billiugs. Americanpoet 1811 1881
Street, .Augustus Russell. American benefactor. 1791 1866
Street, George Edmund. English architect 1824 1881
Street, Whitiug. American philanthropist 1790 1878
Strickland, Agues. English historical writer 1796 1874
Strickland, .Samuel. Ehg. «okfier,auth. in Can. 1809 1867
Strickland, William. Americau architect 1787 1854
Strickland, William Peter. Am. cl. and author.. 1809 1884
Stringer, Samuel. American physician. 1734 1817
Stringbam, James S. Am. physician, educator. . 1775 1817
Strlngbam, Silas Hortou. Am. rear admiral 179S 1876
Strobel, William Daniel. Am. Luth. clergyman.. 1808 1884
Strodtman, Adolf. Dr. Ger. poet and translator. 1828 1879
Strong, -Augustus Hopkins. Am. cl. and edu 1836
Strong, Caleb. American statesman 1745 1819
Strong, George Crockett. Am. sol. and author... 1832 1863
Strong, George Terapleton. .\merican lawyer — 1820 1875
Strong, James, .\mcrican scholar and author 1821,
Strong, James Hooker. American naval officer. . 1814 1882
Strong, Oliver Smith. Am. philan. and statesm. 1806 1874
Strong, Paschal N'eilson. Am. D. Ref. clergyman 1793 1825
Strong, Samuel Heury. Eng. jurist and educator 1825
Strong, Selah. American statesman and jurist. . 17.37 1815
Strong, Selah Brewster. Am. jurist and statesm. 1792 1872
Strong, Theodore. Am. mathematician and edu. 1790 18459
Strong, Thomas M. Am. D. Ref. cl.. author 1779 1861
Strong, Titus .\m P. E clergymau and edu 1787 1855
Strong, William K. Brigadier-Gen., U. S. Vols. .. 1805 1S67
Strother, David H. Am. artist aud writer 1816 1888
Stroud, George McD. Am. jurist and author 1795 1875
Strozzl, Filippo. Florentine statesman 1488 1-538
Struensee, Karl. German navigator 1595 1650
Struensee, von, tiustave. Novelist 1803 1875
Struensee, von, Johanu F., Conut. Dan. states'n 1737 1772
Strutt, Joseph. Eng. antiquary and engraver. . .. 1742 1802
Struve, .\malle. Wife of Gustav von. Authoress .... 1862
Struve, Otto Wilhelm. Russian astronomer 1819 ....
Struve, von, FriedrichG. W. Ger. astronomer. . . 1793 1864
Struve, von, Gustav. Bavarian agitator and an. 1805 1870
Stryker, William Scudder. .\merican soldier 1838 ....
Strype.Johu. English clergyman, biograplier... 1643 1737
Stuart, -Alexander. .Vmerican philanthropist .. 1810 1879
Stuart, Alexander H. H. Am. jurist, statesman. . 1807
Stuart, -Ambrose P. .S. Am. edu. and writer. 1820
Stuart, Andrew. Can. lawyer, statesman, writer 1785 1840
Stuart, Arabella. Cousin to .Tames I. of England. 1.575? 1615
Stuart, Charles. West Ind. edu. and author 1783 1865
Stuart, Charles E. See Charles Edw.ard Stuart.
Stuart, Charles E. American statesman 1810 1887
Stuart, George. American educator and author. 18*4 —
Stuart, George Hay. Am. merchant and philan.. 1816 1890
Stuart, George Okill. Am. P. E. el. in Canada. .. 1776 1862
Stuart, Gilbert Charles. American painter 1755 1S28
Stuart, Hamilton. Am. journ. and statesman... 1813 ..-
Stuart, Isaac William. Am. educator and author 1809 1861
Stuart, James, Scottish traveler aud author ... 1776 1849
Stuart, James, Sir, Bart. Am. jurist and statesm 1780 1853
BORN DIE!
Stuart, James Ewell B. Confederate general 1833 1864
Stuart, James F. E. See James Francis Edward Stvart.
Stuart, Jane. American artist 1810 188S
Stuart, John. Eng. supt. of Indian affairs in Am. 1700 1799
Stuart, John. Am.P. E. missionary 1740 1811
Stuart, John. .American soldier in England 1761 1815
Stuart, John Todd. Am. lawyer and statesman. . 1807 1885
Stuart, Louise, Lady. Last of the Stuarts 1776 1875
Stuart, Moses. Am. theologian and philologist.. 1780 1852
Stuart, "Vhilip. Am. soldier and statesman 1760 1830
Stuart, Robert L. Am. merchant, philanthropist 1806 1882
Stuart, William Irish-Am. theatrical manager.. 1821 1886
Stubbs, William. Euglish divine and historian.. 1825 ....
Stuckenberg, John H. W. Ger. Luth. cl. in Am.. 1835
Stueber, Henry. American author 1770 1792
Stukeley, William. English antiquary 1687 1765
Stung Serpent. Chief of the Natchez Indians 1725
Sturge, Joseph. Eng. philanthropist and author. 1793 1859
Sturgeon, Daniel. Am. statesman, physician 1789 1878
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Sturges, Jonathan. American statesman 1740 1819
Sturges, Jonathan. Am, mer.. philanthropist 1802 ISit
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Sturgis, Russell, -im. merchant and diplomat... 1831
Sturgis, Samuel Davis. American soldier 1822
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Suarez, Juan, .\ndalusian colonist 1540 158S
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Suarez y, Romero .\nselmo. Cuban edu. .author. 1818 1882
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Suckley, George, .\m.physian and writer 1830 1869
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Suckling, John. Sir. English poet and courtier. 1609 1642?
Sucre, Etienne Henry. Canadian artist 1703 1745
Suddards, William. Eng. P. E. cl., journ. in Am. 1805 . ..
Sudds, William F. Eng. musical eomp. in Am 1843
Sue, Marie Joseph Eugene. French novelist 1801 1857
Suetonius, Tranquillus, Cains. Roman hist 72? HOT
Suhm, Peder Frederik. Danish historian 1728 1798
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (Felixl. Roman die. B.C. 138 78
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Sullivan, James. American statesman 1744 1808
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Sullivan, Peter J. Irish sold, in Am. and Am. dip 1821 1883
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Sullivant, Michael Lucas. Am. agriculturist 1807 1879
Sullivant, William .Starling. American botanist. 1803 1873
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Stilly, Thomas. .American painter 1783 1872
Sully-Frudbomme, Een^ Francois A. Fr. poet.. 1839 —
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Sumarokoff, -Alexei. Russian dramatist 1727 1777
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Sumner, George. Am. phys., botanist, educator. 1793 1855
Sumner, George. Am. political economist 1817 1863
Sumner, Edwin Vose. American general 1797 1863
Sumner, Increase. Am. jurist, statesman 1746 1799
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Stunner, John. .American soldier 1735 1787
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Sumner, William H. .Am. statesman, author 1780 1861
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Sunderland, Le Roy. American author... IS02 1885
Sunderland, Robert S.. Earl of. English states'n 1642 1702
Sunderland, Thomas. Am. jurist and statesman 1821 1886
Suplee, Tliomas D. .Am. educator and author 1846
Surajan Dowlab. Hindoo prince 17S7
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earlof. English poet 1516? 1547
Suslni, Isabefla Hinckley, Mrs. Am. vocalist 1S63
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Sntberland, Joel B. Am. jurist and statesman... 17»1 1861
« L T L 1 F F E — T A S C H E N 13 E K G
1813
BORN DIED
Sutlifife, Albert. American poet I8o0
Sutro, Adolph H. J. Ger. miniugengineer in Am. 1830
Sutter, John Augustus. German pioneer 180K 1880
Suvaxoff, Alexei v.. Count. Ru. field marshal.. 1729 1800
Suydam, Jauies.A. Am. artist and benefactor 18ia 1865
Suydam, John H. Am.clergymanandauthor is;',-j
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Swan, Joseph Wilson. English electrician 1828
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Swan, William Draper. Am. educator, author.. . 1809 1864
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Swann, Thomas. Am. R. R. president, statesman 1805 1883
Swartwout, Samuel. American soldier 1783 1856
3 wartwout, Samuel. American naval officer 1804 1867
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Swatane or Shikellimy. Oneida chief 1748
Swayne, Noah Haynes. American jurist 1804 1884
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Sweat, Margaret Jane Mussey. American author 1823
Sweatman, .Arthur. Eng. P. E. bishop in Canada 1834
Swedenborg, Emanuel. Swedish theosophist — 1688 1772
Sweeny, John. Irish R. C. bp., educat. in Canada 1821
Sweeny, Thomas William. Irish soldier 1820
Sweet, Alexander E. Am. journalist and lawyer. 1841
Sweet, Benjamin Jeffrey. American soldier 1832 1874
Sweet, Elnathan. American civil engineer 1837
Sweet, Homer De L. American engineer, writer. 1826
Sweetser, Charles Humphreys. Am. journalist. . 1841 1871
Sweetser, Henry Edward. Am. journalist 1837 1870
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Sweney, John R. Am. mus. com. and educator. . 1837
Swensson, Carl Aaron. Am. Lutheran clergyman 1857
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Swett, .losiah. Am. P. E. cl. educ. and author . . . 1814
Swett, Leonard. American lawyeraud statesman 1825
Swett, Samut'l. American lawyer and author 1782 1866
Swett, William. American educator and author. 1825 1884
Sweyn. King of Denmark and England 1014?
Swift, Benjamin. Am. lawyer and statesman 1781 1847
Swift, Ebenezer. American surgeon 1819 1885
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Swift, John White. Am. merchant and soldier. . . 1750 1819
Swift, .lonathau. British author 1667 1745
Swift, .lonathan Williams. Am. naval officer 1808 1877
Swift, Josejih Gardner. Am. soldier and engineer 1783 1865
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Swift, Robert. Am. conchologist and benefactor 1799 1872
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Swift, William Henry. American engineer ISOO 1879
Swift, Zephaniah. Am. jurist and statesman 1759 1823
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. English poet 1837
Swinburne, John. Am. physician, statesman 1820
Swinburne, Louis Judson. American author 1825 1887
Swing, David. American clergyman 1830
Swinfioe, Robert. British naturalist 1836 1877
Swinton, John. Scottish journalist in Am 1830
Swinton, William. Scottish-American author... 1833
Swisshelm, Jane G. C. American reformer 1815 1S84
Sword, James Brade. American artist 1839 ....
Swords, Robert S. Am. lawyer and soldier 1816 1881
Swords, Thomas. American soldier. 1806 1886
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Sydenham, Chas E. P. T., Baron. Eng. Gov.-gen. 1799 1841
Sydenham, Thomas. English physician 1625 1689
Sykes, George. American soldier 1822 1880
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Sylvester, Herbert M. American artist, author.. 1849
Sylvester, James J. English mathematician 1814
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Sylvius, Franciscus. German anatomist 1614 1672
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Symington, Andrew James. Scottish author 1825
Symington, W. Scottish theological writer 179() 1862
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Sypfier, Josiah R. Am. law., journalist, author. . 1832
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Szdchenylj Istvin S., Count. Hungarian atatea'n 1792 1860
Szemere, Bartholomew. Hungarian patriot 1812 1865
Szl^igetl, Joseph. Hungarian dramAtist 1814 1876
T
BOEN DIED
Tabaraud, Marthieu M. Fr. divine and author.. 1744 1832
Tabaret, Joseph Henry. Fr. educator in Canada 182S 1886
Taboada, Antonio. Argentine soldier 1815
Tabor, Horace Austin \V. Am. states., capitalist. 1830
Tacbe, Alexander A. Can. K. C. abp, and author. 1823
Tache, Etienue Paschal, Sir. Can. states, author, 1795 1865
Tacitus, Caius Cornelius. Roman historian. . . 55? after 117?
Tacon, Sliguel. Colombian author and statesman 1777 1855
Tadolini, liiovanui. Italian musical composer.. 1793 1872
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Taggart, Samuel. Am. clergyman and statesman 1754 1825
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Tagliacozzi. See Taliacotius.
Taglloni, Marie. Swedish opera dancer 1.S04 1884
Taillandler, Rene Gaspard E. Fr. philos., critic 1817 1879
Taine, Hipjiolvte .\dolphe. French author 1828 ...
Tait, Archibald Campbell. British archbishop, .. 1811 1882
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Tait, Charles. American jurist and statesman. . , 1768 1835
Tait, John Robinson. American artist 1834 ....
Tait, Peter Guthrie. Scottish physicist 1831
Talamantes, Melchor. Peruvian geographer. . ..1750 1809
Talavera y Garces, .Mariano. Venez. R. C. bp 1777 1861
Talbot, Catherine. English writer 1720 1776
Talbot, Ethelbert. American P. K. bishop 1848
Talbot, Isham. American statesman 1773 1837
Talbot, John. Eng. colonial P. E. bishop in Am. 1645 1727
Talbot, John Gunnel. American naval officer.. . . 1844 1870
Talbot, Joseph Cruikshank. Am. P. E. bishop. .. 1816 1883
Talbot, Silas. American soldier and naval officer 1751 1813
Talbot, Thomas. Am. statesman and benefactor, 1818 1886
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Talcott, Andrew. American engineer 1797 1883
Talcott, George. American soldier 1786 1862
Talcott, George Henry. American soldier 1811 1854
Talcott, John. English colonist in America 1600 1660
Talcott, John. English soldier in America 1630 16KS
Talcott, Joseph. American governor 1669 1741
Talcott, Mancel. American philanthropist 1817 1878
Talcott, Mary H. Am.philan. Mi/c oj Mancel 1820 1888
Talcott, Samuel. American soldier 1634 1691
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Talfourd, Thomas Noon, Sir. English tragic poet 1795 1854
Taliacotius, Gasparo. Italian surgeon 1546 1599
Taliaferro, Benjamin: American Rev. officer 1750 1821
Taliaferro, John, .\niericau statesman 1768 1853
Taliaferro, William Booth. American soldier.,. 1822
Tallard,de, CamiUe d' Hostun. Due. Fr. marshal 1652 1728
Talleyrand-Perlgord, de, Charles M. Fr. states. 1754 1838
Tallien, Jean Lambert. French revolutionist 1769 1820
Tallmadge, Benjamin. American soldier 17.54 1835
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Tallmadge, James. Am. jurist and statesman 1778 1855
Talma, Frauvois Joseph. French tragedian 1763 1826
Talmage, Thomas DeWitt. American divine 1832 —
Talon, Edouard. Flemish administrator, author 1759 1819
Talon, Jean-Baptiste. French administrator 1625 1691
Talon, Pierre. Canadian explorer 1700
Talton, Augustus. First colored R. C. p't in U. S. 1854 ...,
Tamburini, Pietro. Italian theologian 1737 1827
Tamerlane. Amir Taimur. Asiatic conqueror, , , 1336 1406
Tancred. Normau leader in the first crusade. . , 1080? 1112
Taney, Roger Brooke. American jurist 1777 1864
Tanguay, Ciprian. Canadian R. C. clergyman. ... 1819 ..
TannahUl, Robert. Scottish poet 1774 1810
Tannehill, Adamson. American Congressman... 1752 1817
Tannehill, Wilkins. American journalist 1787 1858
Tanner, Benjamin. American engraver 1775 1848
Tanner, Benjamin T. American A. M. E. bishop. 1835 —
Tanner, Henry S. American geographer 1780 1858
Tanner, Henry S. American physician, faster 1830 —
Tapia, de, Eugeuio. Spanish jurist 1785 1860
Tapin, Richard. Flemish physician and author., 1515 1590
Tappan, Arthur. Am. mer. and philanthro\iist., 1786 1865
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Tappan, Eli Todd. American educator 1824 —
Tappan, Henry Philip. Am. divine and writer... 1805 1881
Tappan, John. American philanthropist 1781 1871
Tappan, Lewis. Am. merchant and journalist. , . 1788 1873
Tappan, Mason Weare. Am. lawyer and states'n. 1817 18S6
Tappan, William Bingham, American poet 1794 1849
Taraval, Sigismond. Italian historian 1700 —
Tarbell, John Adams. Am. physician and joiirn. 1810 1864
Tarbell, Joseph, .\merican naval officer 1780 1816
Tarbox, Increase Nilea. Am cl. and author 1815 1888
Tardlval, Julius Panl. Am. journ., author in Can 1851 —
Tarleton, Bannastre. Eng. officer in America — 1754 1833
Tarnow, Fanny. German novelist 1783 1862
Tamowakl, Jan Amos. Polish general 1478 1561
Tarquin the Proud. Seventh and last Kg. Rome.. b.c 495?
Tartaglia, Nichold. Italian mathematician 16W 1559
Tartlnl, Giuseppe. Italian violinist 1692 1770
Taachenberg, Ernst Ludwig. Ger. entomologist. 1818 —
18U
TASCHER — THACHER
BORN DIED
Tasclier, Josepli G. Chev. W. lud. sold'r. writer. 1735 1790
Tascliereau, Elzear A. Cau. cardinal and edu... 1820 ....
Taschereau, Henri Elzear. Canadian jurist 1836
Tascliereau, Henri Thomas. Canadian jurist l&ll
Taschereau, Jean Thomas. Canadian jurist 1841 .--.
Taschereau, Jules .\ntoiue. Fr. biog. and editor . ihUl 1874
Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald. Irish author in Am.. 1808 1868
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Tasse, Joseph. Can. journalist aud statesman... 1848 ....
Tassemacher, Peter. Dutch D. Ref. cl. in Am... . 1650 1659
Tassin, Charles. South American artist 1751 1812
Tasso, Torquato. Italian poet 1544 1595
Tassoni, A.lessaudro, Italian poet and critic 1565 1635
Tastera, de, Jacques. Fr. R. C. miss, aud author 14S0 1544
Tate, Nahum. British poet. 1652 1715
Tatham, William. Eng. eug., compil., au. in Am 1752 1819
Tatnall, Henry Lee. American merchan, artist. . 1829 1885
Tattam, Henry, D.D. English theologian 1796 1868
Tattnall, Josiah. .American naval officer 1762 1803
Tattnall, Josiah. .American naval officer. 1796 1871
Tauctinitz, Christian B.. Baron. Ger. publisher. 1816
Tauchnitz, Karl ChristophT. Ger. publisher... 1761 1836
Tauler, Johann. CTcrman mystic 1290 i:^l
Tausig, Karl. German pianist and composer 1841 1871
Tauste, Francisco. Spanish missionary 1630 ....
Tavares-Bastos, Aureliano C. Braz. patriot 1840 1875
Tavernier, Jean Baptist. French traveler 1605 1689
Tay, Charles H. Brev.-Brig.-Gen., U. S. Vols 1836 1871
Tayler, Frederick. English painter 1804 ...
Taylor, Alexander Smith. .\m. ethnologist 1817 1876
Taylor, .\Hred. .\merican naval ot^icer 1810 1891
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Taylor, -Archibald A. E. American Pres. cl 1834 ...
Taylor, Bayard. Am. traveler and author 1825 1878
Taylor, Benjamin Cook, .\merican clergyman... 1801 1881
Taylor, Benjamin F. Am. lecturer and author. .. 1819 1887
Taylor, Brook. English mathematician 1685 1731
Taylor, Bushrod Bust, .\merican naval officer. .. 1832 1883
Taylor, Charles. Am. M. E. miss, aud author 1819
Taylor, Charles Fayette. .\m. surg.. inventor. .. . 1827
Taylor, Christopher. Eng. Quak. preacher in Am 1620 1686
Taylor, Edward. Eng. clerg., phys. in .\m 1642 1729
Taylor, Edward T. Am. clerg. arid missionary.. . 1793 1871
Taylor, Klisha E. L. .\m. Baptist clergyman 1815 1874
Taylor, Elizabeth. Daughter of Zachary 1826 ...
Taylor, Fitch Waterman. Am. clerg. arid author 1803 1865
Taylor, George. Signer of the Dee. of Independ. 1716 1781
Taylor, George B. Am. clerg. and author 1832
Taylor, George H. Am. phys. and inventor 1821
Taylor, George L. Am. clergyman and author. . . 1835 . .
Taylor, George W. .American soldier 1808 lSt;2
Taylor, Henry, Sir. English poet and dramatist. 1800 1886
Taylor, Isaac. Eng. auth. aud div. Canou York 1829
Taylor, Isaac. Jr. Eug. theolo., philo. writer 1787 1865
Taylor, Isaac. Eng. author and philosopher 1834?
Taylor. Isaac E. Am. physican and author 1812 ....
Taylor, Jacob. Am. mathematician, educator 1736
Taylor, James. American prisoner and soldier... 1769 1848
Taylor, James B. Eng. clergy, and author in Am. 1819 1871
Taylor, James Brainerd. .\mericau missionary.. 1801 1829
Taylor, James M. Am. clergyman aud educator. 1848 ....
Taylor, James Wickes. Am. lawyer, diplomat 1819 ....
Taylor, Jane. English authoress 1783 1824
Taylor, Jeremv. English bishop and author 1613 1667
Taylor, John. Thr u;,lir P„tt. English poet 1580 1654
Taylor, John. English jurist 1703 1766
Taylor, John. Americau statesman 1750 1824
Taylor, John. American clergyman and author. 1752 18.33
Taylor, John. American statesman 1770 18.32
Taylor, Johu. Eng. pres. of Mormon ch. in Am . 18U8 1887
Taylor, John G. English author in .\merica 1S23 1851
Taylor, John Louis. English jurist in America.. . 1769 1829
Taylor, John McLean, .\merican soldier 1.^28 1875
Taylor, Johu N. .American lawyer, legal writer, . 1805 1878
Taylor, John W. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1784 1854
Taylor, Joseph Hancock. American soldier 1836 1885
Taylor, Joseph Pannel. .\mericau soldier 1796 1864
Taylor, Lachlau. Scottish Meth. cl. in Canada. .. 1815 1881
Taylor, Margaret. Wife of Zachary 1790 1852
Taylor, Marie Hansen. German translator 1829 .,,
Taylor, Marshall William. .\m. el., educator 1846 1887
Taylor, Mary Cecilia. .American actress 1827 1866
Taylor, Meadows. English novelist 1808 1876
Taylor, Moses. Am. merchant and benefactor. . . 1806
Taylor, Nathaniel W. ,\m. clergyman, educator. 1786 1858
Taylor, Nelson. Am. statesman and soldier 1821 ...
Taylor, Oliver Alden. .\m. clergyman, author. .. ISOl 18,"il
Taylor, Oliver Swaine. Am. phvs., evangelist 1784 1885
Taylor, Richard. American soldier 1826 1879
Taylor, Richard C. Eng. geolo., author in Am. .. 1789 1851
Taylor, Robert B. .A.m. jurist and statesman 1774 1834
Taylor, Robert \Vm. Eng. surg.. edu. in .America 1842 ....
Taylor, Rufus. -\m. clergyman and author 1811
Taylor, Samuel Harvev. Am. edu. and journ 1807 1871
Taylor, Samuel Priestly. Eng. organist in Am. . . 1779 1874
Taylor, Stephen Wm. .\m. educator and author. 1791 1856
Taylor, Thomas. English scholar 1758 1835
Taylor, Thomas House. .American clergyman... 1799 1867
Taylor, Tom. English dramatist 1817 1880
BORN DIED
Taylor, Virgil C. .\m. organist, musical com 1817
Taylor, Waller. Am, jurist and statesman 1786 1826
Taylor, Walter Herron. Am. banker aud soldier 1838
Taylor, William. Am. M. E. miss., bp., author,.. 1821
Taylor, William Bower. .\m. physicist, author. . 1821 .,,.
Taylor, William Mackergo. Scot, -Amer. divine. . 1829 , ,
Taylor, William Rogers. American naval officer. 1811 . , , .
Taylor, William Vignerou. .\m. naval officer. , 1781 1S68
Taylor, Zachary, Geueral. 12th Presideut of U. S 1784 1850
Tazewell, Henry. Am. jurist aud statesman 1763 1799
Tazewell, Littleton Waller. Am. law. and states 1774 1860
Tchernyschevsky, Nikolai. Russian novelist... 1828
Teall, i rancis. .\m. proof-reader and editor 1822
Tecumseh. .American Indian (Shawneei chief... 1768? 1813
Teedyuscung. Delaware chief 1700 1763
Tefft. Benjamin Franklin. American clergyman. 1813 1885
Tefft. Thomas .Alexander. -American architect, ,. 1826 1859
Tegakouita, Catharine. Indian convert 1656 1680
Tegethoff, von, Wilhelm. .\ustriau admiral 1827 1871
Teguer, Esaias. Swedish poet ns2 1846
Teignmoutli, John S., Lord. Eug. gov.-gen. India 1751 18.34
Teleki, Ladislaus. Hiingarian patriot IMI 1861
Telfair, Edward. Scottish statesman in America 1735 1807
Telford, Thomas. Scottish engineer. 1757 1831
Tell, Wilhelm. Legendary Swiss hero fl. 1307
Teller, Henry M. Am. lawyer and statesman WSO
Tellez, Balthazar. Portuguese Jesuit historian... 1.595 1675
Tellez, Ciabriel. Spanish dramatist 1570? 1648
Telller, Kemigius J. French Jesuit in Canada 1796 1866
Tellkampf, Johann L. Ger. educator in America. 1808 1876
Temmlnck, C. J. Dutch naturalist 1770? 1858
Tempesta or Peter Molyn. Dutch storm painter 1637 1701
Temple, Daniel. Am. missionary aud author 1789 1851
Temple, Jackson. .American jurist 1827
Temple, W'illiam, Sir. English statesman 1628 1699
Temple, William Cirenville. Am. naval officer. ,. 1824 ...
Ten Broeck, -Abraham. .\m. soldier, statesman.. 1734 1810
Tenerani, Pietro. Italiau sculptor 1789 1869
Ten Eyck, .\braham S. .\m. naval officer 1785 1844
Ten Eyck, Henry James. Am. journalist 1856 1887
Ten Eyck, Johu Conover. Am. lawyer, states'n.. 1814 1879
Teniers, David. The Vnunger. Flemish artist. . . 1610 1694
Tennani, William. Scottish poet and philologist 1785 1848
Tennemann, Wilhelm G. Ger. hist, of philosophy 1761 1819
Tennent, Gilbert. Am. Presbyterian preacher... 1703 1764
Tennent, James Emerson, Sir. British author. . 1804 1869
Tennent, John. Irish Presby. cl. in America 1706 1732
Tennent, William. Irish Presb. cl. in America... 1673 1746
Tennent, William. Am. Presbyterian preacher. 1705 1777
Tenney, Samuel. Am. physician and statesman. 1748 1816
Tenney, Sanborn. Am. uaturalist and author... 1827 1877
Tenney, Sarah. American authoress 1839 1876
Tenney, Tabitha. American authoress 1762 1837
Tenney, William Jewett. Am. jurist and author. 1814 1883
Tenniel, John. English artist 1820
Teuny, Sanborn, Prof. .\m. author of text books 1827 1877
Tenny, Sarah M. Brownsou. American authoress 1839 1876
Tennyson, -\lfred. English poet laureate 1809
Terburg, Gerard. Flemish painter 1608 1681
Terence. Pah. T< renting Afer. Rom. comic poet. B.C. 193? 155
Terllune, Edward Payson. .\m. Pres. clergyman. 1825
Terhune, Mary V. Marion Harlrtnd. Am. authoress 1830?
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Ternaux, Henri. TTnaux-Campan.^. Fr. author. 1807 1864
Ternay, de, Charles Louis d'A..C. Fr.nav. officer 1722 1780
Terpander. Cireek musician fl. b.c. 680?
Terrazas, de, Francisco. Mexican poet 1520 1575
Terrell, ^^■illiam. Am physician and statesman. 1778 1855
Terrlll, James Barbour. .\m. lawver, soldier. .». 1838 1864
Terrill, William Rufus. .American soldier 18.34 1862
Terry, .\drian Russell. .\m. physician, educator 1808 1864
Terry, -Mfred nowe. American" general 1827 1890
Terry, Eli. .\m. inventor and manufacturer 1772 1852
Terry, Ellen, Miss. English actress 1848
Terry, Henry Dwight. .American soldier 1812 1869
Terry, John Orville. Am. agriculturist and poet 1796 1869
Terry, Luther. American artist 1813 ....
Terry, Milton Spencer. Am. M. E. cl. and edu. , , 1840 ..,,
Terry, William. .American lawyer and statesman 1824 18S8
Terry, William R. Am, soldier and Senator _ 1827 —
Tersteegen, Gerhard. German poet and mvstic, 1697 1769
TertuUian. Early Latin church father, 150? ()f(. 220 anrf 240
Teschemacher, Jas. E. Eng. mer.. scien. in Am 1790 1853
Tessler, Jules. Canadian lawyer and statesman, 1852 .,,,
Tessier, Ulric Joseph. Can. jurist and statesman 1817 ,,,.
Teste, Lucieu .\. Swiss geologist and author 1765 1817
Tetu, Louis D. H. Canadian R. C. clergyman 1849
Tetzel, Johann. Ger. monk. Venderof indul. ,., 1460? 1519
Tetzotzomoc. King of .\lzcapotzalco 1427
Teuffel, Wilhelm S. German philologist 1820 1878
Tewfik Pasha. Khedive of Egypt 1852 1892
Texier, Chas. F(?Iix Marie. French archaeologist. 1802 1871
Thaarup , Thomas. Danish poet 1749 1821
Thacher, George. .\m. jurist and statesman 1764 1824
Thaclier, James. .\m. physician and author 17.54 1844
Thacher, Johu M. .\m. law., commissioner of pat. 1836 ...
Thacher, Oxenbridge. .\m. lawyer and author ,. 1720 1765
Tliaclier, Peter. Am. cl., educator and author . . 1651 1727
Thacher, Peter. American cl. and educator 1677 173&
T U A C II E R — T H 0 M S 0 ?>:
1815
BORN DIED
Thacber, Peter. Am. clergyman and patriot 1752 1802
Tbacber, Samuel Cooper. Am. cl. and author. . . 1786 181S
Tbacher, Thomas. Am. cl. aud physician 1620 1678
Thaclier, Thomas. American clergyman 1756 1812
Thacher, Thomas .\ntony. Am. edu., writer 1815 1880
Thackeray, Anne I. Mrs. Kiirinc Daugh.nj }y. M. man ....
Thackeray, William Makepeace. Eng. novelist. 1811 1863
Thalberg, Sigismoud. Swiss pianist 1812 1871
Tbales. Greek sage and philosopher B.C. 636 548
Tbarln, Robert S. S. American lawyer 1830 —
Thatcher, Benjamin Bussey. .\merican author.. 1809 1840
Thatcher, Henry Knox. Am. naval officer 1806 1880
Thaxter, Adam W. Am. journalist, dramatist. . . 1832 1864
Thaxter, Celia. American poetess 1836 —
Thayer, Abbott Henderson, .\mericau artist, , .. 1849 ....
Thayer, Alexander W. Am. diplomat, author... 1817 ....
Thayer, Eli. Am. educator, statesman, inveutor 1819 ..-.
Thayer,. Elihu. .\m. Congregational clergyman. 1747 1812
Thayer, Eugene. Am. musical director, organist 1838 ....
Thayer, John. Am. K. C. clergyman and author. 17.55 1815
Thayer, Johu M. Am. soldier and statesman. . .. 1820 ....
Thayer, Joseph H. Am. clergyman and author.. 1828
Thayer, Martiu Russell. A-m. jurist and author. 1819 —
Thayer, Nathaniel. Am. Unitarian clergyman .. 1769 1840
Thayer, Nathaniel. American philanthropist... 1808 1883
Thayer, Simeon, American soldier 1737 1800
Thayer, Svlvanus. Am. engineer and philau 1785 1872
Thayer, Thomas Baldwin. Am. cl. and author. . 1812 1886
Thayer, William Makepeace. Am. cl. and author 1820 —
Theaker, Thomas Clarke. Am. commr. of patents 1812 1883
Thebaud, Augustine. Fr. R. C. cl. aud his. in Am 1807 1885
Theiner, Augustiu. Ger. Cath. div. and ch. his.. 1804 1874
Thekaklsqui. Irimiois chief 1756 1802
Theller, Edward Alexander. Can. journ. in Am. 1810 1859
Thelwall, Johu. English -writer aud elocutionist 1764 1834
Themistocles. Athenian gen. and statesman. b. c. 514 449?
Thenard, Aruould P. E. French chemist 1820 1884
Thenard, L' Mis J. French chemist 1777 1857
Theobald, Lewis. English playwriter 1688 1744
Theocritus. Greek pastoral poet fi. 270?
Theodora. Emp. of the East. Wife of Justinian 548
Theodore. King of Abyssinia 1818? 1868
Theodoret. Syrian theol. and eccles. historiau.. 387? 457?
Theodorlc. The (Ireat. King of the Ostrogoths.. 455? 526
Theodoras, of Cvrene. Greek f>hilosopher fl.310B.c.
Theodosius I., Flavius. Thi Grmt. Roman emp. 346? 395
Theondechoren, Joseph. Indian convert 1652
Theophrastus. Greek j.hilosopher b. c. 372? 287?
Tbeotocopuli, Domiuico. Paint, in Venice, Sp... 1548? 1625
Theresa, Saint. Spanish nun aud mystic 1.515 1582
Th6roigne de M^ricourt. French revolutionist. 1762 1817
Tbery, Augustiu Francois. French writer 1796 1878
Thesiger. See Chelmsford.
Theuriet, Andrf. French poet 1833
Thevenau, Charles Etienne. W. Indian natur 1758 1S20
Thevenard, A. J. Marie. Count. Fr. uaval orticer. 1733 1815
Thfevenot, Nicolas Melchisedech. Fr. orientalist 1620? 1692
Th6venot, de, Jean. French traveler aud author 1633 1667
Thevet, Andr^. French historian 1.502 1590
Thlbaud, Pierre. Fr. educator and historian 1739 1804
Tbibaudeau, -Xntoine Claire, Count. Fr. revolu. 1765 1854
Thibaudin, Gastou Louis. French botanist 1727 1790
Tblbaut or Theobald. French troubadour 1201 1253
Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Jusvus. German jurist 1772 1840
Thibousi, Lambert. French dramatist 1826 1867
Thlenpont, Emauucl. Belgian R. C. cl. in Amer. 1803 1.87S
Thierry, Amfdce Simon D. French historiau — 1797 1872
Thierry, Jacques Nicolas A. French historian . 1795 1856
Thiers, Louis .\. French statesman, historian... . 1797 1877
Thiersch, Friedrich Wilhelm. Ger. philologist.. . 17S4 1860
Thlery, de, Menonville N.J. Fr. law., botanist. 17.39 1780
Thirlwall, Connop. English bishop, historian.. . 1797 1875
Thoburn, James M. .-Vm. M. E. miss., bp., author 1836 .
Tholuck, Friedrich August G. Ger. theologian.. . 1799 1877
Thorn, George. American soldier and engineer.. . 1819 ....
Thorn, James. Scottish sculptor 1799 1850
Thorn, James Crawford. American artist 1835 ...
Thorn, William. Scottish poet 1799 1848
Thomas, -^bel C. Am. clergyman and author 1807 1880
Thomas, -^mos R. American physician, writer.. . 1.S26 ....
Thomas, -Antoine Li^'onard. French writer 1732 1785
Thomas, Benjamin F. Am. jurist, legal writer. .. 1813 1878
Thomas, Charles, .\mericau soldier 1800 1878
Thomas, Charles LouisA. French composer ISU
Thomas, Cyrus. American ethnologist 1825
Thomas, David. .\m. eng. and agriculturist 1776 1859
Thomas, David. Welsh manufacturer in .\m 1794 1882
Thomas, Ebenezer S. Am. journalist, author 1780 1844
Thomas, Edith Matilda. American poetess 1854 ....
Thomas, Edward Harper. Ammerican clerg 1811 1869
Thomas, ElishaSmith. Am. P. E. bishop 1834 .,
Thomas, Francis. Am. lawyer, statesman 1796 1876
Thomas, Frederick W. Am. journalist, author . . 1811 1866
Thomas, George rienry. .American major gen'l , . 1816 1870
Thomas, George H. Eng, artist aud designer..,. 1824 1868
Thomas, Henry Goddard. .American soldier 18.37 ...
Thomas, Isaac! American scout 17.35 1819
Thomas, Isaiah. Am. printer and journalist 1749 18.31
Thomas, James. Am. soldier and statesman 1785 1845
BORN
Thomas, Jesse Burgess. Am. lawyer, statesniau 1777
Thomas, Jesse Burgess. Am. cl. and educator. . . 1832
Thomas, John. Am. Revolutionary general 1725
Thomas, John. Eng. f'dr of a sect. auth. in Am.. 1805
Thomas, John Addison. Am. soldier and edu 1811
Thomas, John J. Am. agricul. aud botanist 1810
Thomas, Jolin R. Welsh musical comp. and edu. 1830
Thomas, Joseph. Am. physician and biographer. 1811
Thomas, Lewis Faulke. Am. journ. and poet 1815
Thomas, Lorenzo. American soldier 1804
Thomas, M. Louise P. Wife, Abel C. Am.philan. 1830
Thomas, Martha McCaunon. Am. authoress 1823
Thomas, Mary vou Erden, American authoress. 1825
Thomas, Philemon. American soldier 1764
Thomas, Philip Evan. American merchant 1776
Thomas, Philip Francis. Am. lawyer, statesman 1810
Thomas, Kotiert Bailey. American editor 1766
Thomas, Robert Harper. American journalist. . . 1834
Thomas, Seth. American manufacturer 1816
Thomas, Stephen. American soldier 1809
Thomas, Theodore. German-American musician.. 1835
Thomas, Theodore Gaillard. Am. pliys., edu 1831
Thomas, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman... 1755
ThomaSj William W. Am. diplomat and author. 1839
Tbomasius, Christian. German philosopher 1655
Thomasius, Gottfried. German theologian 1802
Thomes, William Henry. American author 1824
Thompson, Albert. American artist 1853
Thompson, Alexander Ramsay. Am. soldier 1794
Thompson, Alexander Ramsay. Am.Pres. cl 1822
Thompson, Alfred Wordsworth. Am. artist 1840
Thompson, Augustus Charles. Am. Cong, cl 1812
Thompson, Cephas. American artist 1775
Thompson, Cephas Giavanni. Am. artist 1809
Thompson, Charles C. B. Am. naval officer 1766
Thompson, Charles Lemuel. Am.Pres.cl 1839
Thompson, Charles Oliver. Am. edu., surveyor. 1836
Thompson, Daniel Pierce. American novelist. .. 1793
Thompson, David. English exi'lorer 1770
Thompson, David. Canadian mercliant.statesm. 1836
Thompson, Edward M. English editor, librarian 1840
Thompson, Edward R. American naval officer.. 1808
Thompson, Edwin. American reformer 1809
Thompson, Egbert. American naval officer 1820
Thompson, Elizabeth. .American philanthropist 1821
Thompson, Eliz. S. .V)-,«. 11'. F. Bvtlcr. Eng. paint. 183.5?
Thompson, George. English reformer 1804
Thompson, George W. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1806
Thompson, Henry. Sir. English surgeon 1820
Thompson, Hugh M. Irish P. E. bishop in Am... 1830
Thompson, Jacob. American lawyer, statesman. 1810
Thompson, James. American jurist, statesman.. 1806
Thompson, Jerome. American artist 1814
Thompson, John. American political writer 1777
Thompson, John B. .\m. statesman and lawyer.. 1810
Thompson, .John Leverett. Am. lawyer, soldier. . 1835
Thompson, John Reuben. Am. journalist, author 1823
Thompson, John S. D.. Sir. Nova Scotian jurist. 1844
Thompson, Jonathan. American merchant 1773
Thompson, Joseph Parrish. Am. divine, author. 1819
Thompson, Joseph Peter. Am. bishop audphys. 1818
Thompson, Launt. .Am. sculptor, born in Ireland 1833
Thompson, Lewis O. Norwegian Presb. cl. in Am 1839
Thompson, Maurice. American author 1844
Thompson, Merriweather J. Am. sold, inventor 1826
Thompson, Mortimer. American humorous w'r. 1835
Thompson, Richard W. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1809
Thompson, Robert Ellis. Ir. Ref. Presb. cl. in Am 1844
Thompson, Smith. .Am. jurist and statesman 1768
Thompson, Thomas. American philanthropist.. 1798
Thompson, Thomas W. American statesman — 1706
Thompson, W'addy. Am. statesm. and diplomat. 1798
Thompson, AVilliain. Irish soldier in America. . 1725
Thompson, William Tappan. Am. journ. author. 1812
Thompson, Zadoc. Am. scientist and author 1796
Thorns, William John. English anticiuary 1803
Thomsen, Wilhelm LudwigP. Dan. physiologist 1842
Thomson, Alexander. Am. jurist and statesm.. . 1788
Thomson, Anthony Todd. Scottish phvsician... . 1778
Thomson, Charles. Am. patriot, born in Ireland 1729
Thomson, Charles West. Am. cl. and poet 1798
Thomson, Charles Wyville. Sir. Scotch biologist 1830
Thomson, Edward. Eng. M. E. bishop and edu. 1810
Thomson, Elihu. Eng. chemist. electrician, inv. 1853
Thomson, Frauk. Am. railway superintendent.. 1841
Thomson, Frederick. Am. miss, and translator.. 1809
Thomson, James. Scottish poet 1700
Thomson, James. Irish physicist 1815?
Thomson, James. English poet 1834
Thomson, James Bates. Am.edu. and author... 1808
Thomson. John E. Am. civil engineer. R. R. pres 1808
Thomson, John Renshaw. Am. statesman, dip... 1800
Thomson, Mortimer. American humorist 1832
Thomson, Samuel. .Am. physician aud author... 1769
Thomson, Samuel Harrison. Am. edu., author. .. 1813
Thomson, Thomas. Scottish chemist 1773
Thomson, William. American soldier 1727
Thomson, William. Sir. Brit. i)hysicist, math.... 1824
Thomson, William. A mericau surgeon 18.3S
DIED
1853
i776
1871
1868
1891
1868
1875
1847
1861
1890
1846
1888
1728
1873
1837
1856
1888
1832
1885
1868
1857
1879
1888
1881
1878
1888
188»
1874
1886
1799
1874
1888
18-S
1840
1879
1876
1875
1843
18r.9
1821
1808
1781
1882
1856
1885
1848
1849
1824
1879
1882
1870
1847
1748
1883
1.S74
1862
1875
1843
1882
1852
17%
1816
T 11 0 M S 0 X — T 0 N T Y
BORN DIED
Thomson, William McC. Am. miss, and autlior.. ISOti ....
Thorbum, ^Traut. soot, mercli., philau. in Am.. 177s 1863
Thorburn, James. Caaadiau phys. aud writer... 1830
Thorburn, Johu. Scottisli educator iu Cauada... 1830
Thoreau, Hfury David. Am. author and philos. 1817 1862
Thorn, Frank Manly. Am. supt. of Coast Survey. 1836 .. .
Thornborough, Edward, Sir. Eng. naval officer. 1758 1834
Thornburgh, Thomas T. American soldier 1843 1879
Thornbury, George Walter. English author 1828 1876
Thorndike, George Quincy. American artist 1825 1886
Thorndike, Israel. Am. statesman and benefact. 1757 1832
Thorne, Charles R. American actor 1840 1883
Thornhill, James, Sir. English painter 1676 1734
Thornton, Anthony. American soldier 1748 1828
Thornton, Edward", Sir. English diplomatist. ..1819
Thornton, Eliza B. American poetess 1795 1854
Thornton, Gnstavns B. Am. phys. and sanitarian 18;i5 ...
Thornton, James. American naval officer 1826 1875
Thornton, James B. .\m. lawyer and legal writer 1806 1867
Thornton, Jessy Quiiin. American jurist 1810 1888
Thornton, Johii Wiugate. Am. hist, genealogist 1818 1878
Thornton, Matthew. Irish jurist, signer Dec. Ind. 1714 1803
Thornton, Thomas. English editor and author.. 17.'<7 1866
Thornton, Thomas C. Am clergyman and author 1794 1860
Thornton, William. W. Indian scientist 1827
Thornton, William, Sir. Eng. soldier iu America. 1775 1840
Thornton, William A. .American soldier 1803 1866
Thornwell, James Heuley. Am. cl. and edu 1811 1862
Thorpe, Benjamin. English philologist 180S? 1870
Thorpe, Kose H. American journalist, poetess. . . 1850
Thorpe, Thomas B. Am. journalist, author, artist 1815 1878
Thorvald, Ericsson. Scandinavian navigator 1004
Thorwaldsen, Albert B. Daui.sh sculptor 1770 1844
Thou, de, Jacques A. Fr. statesman, historian. .. 1553 1617
Thouvenel, Eaouard Antoiue. Freuch diplomat. 181S 1866
Thrasher, John S. .\m. merchant, journalist, - is;7 1S79
Thrasybulus Greek patriot, military leader B. c. 390
Thring, Edward. Eng. divine and educationalist 1S21
Throckmorton, James W, Am. soldier, states.. . 1S25 ....
Throgmorton, Nicholas, Sir. English statesman. 1513 1571
Throop, Enos T. Am. statesman and diplomat... 1784 1874
Throop, Montgomery H. Am. law., legal writer.. 1827 ....
Thruston, Charles M. .im. clergyman, soldier... 1738 1812
Thruston, Charles M. Am. soldier and banker... 1789 1873
Thruston, Gates P. .\m. lawyer and soldier 1835 ....
Thucydides. Athenian historian B.C. 471? 400?
Thulden, van, Theodoor. Dutch painter 1607 1676
Thumell, von, Moritz .August. German author.. 1738 1817
Thunberg, Carl Peter. Swedish botanist 1743 1828
Xhurloe, John. English statesman 1616 1668
Thurlow, Edward, Lord. Lord chanc. Of Eng 17.32 1806
Thurman, Allen Grauber. American stateman.. 1813 ....
Thursby, Emma Cecilia. American vocalist 1857
Thurston, Asa American miss, and translator.. 1787 1868
Thurston, Buckuer. American jurist. Senator... 1763 8845
Thurston, John Mellen. .\m. lawyer, statesman. 1847 ....
Thurston, Laura M. .Vm. educator, poetess 1812 1842
Thurston, Lucy Goodale. Wife of Asa 1795 1876
Thurston, Robert Henry. Am. median, engineer 18.39
Thurston, Robert L. Am. mechanical engineer. 1800 1874
Thury, Pierre. French missiouary 1650 1699
Thwaites, Reuben Gold. Am. joiir.. historian... 18-53
Thwing, Charles Franklin. Am. cl. and author.. 1853
Tibaldi, Pellegrino. Italian artist 1527 1598?
Tibbits, George. Am. statesman and writer 1763 1849
Tibbits, William Badger. American soldier 1837 1880
Tiberius. Emperor of Rome B.C. 42 a. d. 37
Tichenor. Isaac. Am. jurist and statesman 1754 1838
Tickell, Thomas. English poet and essayist 1686 1740
Ticknor Caleb B. Am. physician and author... 1805 1840
Ticknor* Elisha, American educator 1757 1821
Ticknor * George. .\m, author. His. of Sp. Liter. 1791 1871
Ticknor, George. Am. lawyer and journalist 1822 1866
Ticknor, William Davis. .\m. publisher 1810 1864
Tidball, John Caldwell. American soldier 1.S25 ....
Tidemand, .\doIf. Norwegian painter 1814 1876
Tiebout, Cornelius. American engraver 1777 1830
Tieck, Ludwig. German poet and novelist 1773 1853
Tledemann, Dietrich. Ger. historian of philos. . 1748 1803
Tiedge, Christoph -Vugust. German poet 1752 1.841
Tien-Te. Chinese insurgent leader 1813 1864
Tieruan, Luke. Irish merchant in America 1757 18.39
Tietjens, Therese. German soprano singer 1831 1.S77
Tiffany, Alexander R. Can. jurist, states'u in Am. 1796 1S68
Tiffany, Charles Louis, .\merican jeweler 1812
Tiffany, Louis Comfort. American artist 1848
Tiffany, Osmond. American author 1823
TifBn, Edward. Eng. phys. and statesman in .\m 1766 1829
Tighe, Mary, born Blachford. Irish poetess 1772 1810
Tildemann, Frederick. Ger. phys. and anatomist 1781 1861
Tilden, Samuel J. Am. lawyer and statesman.. .. 1814 1886
Tllghman, Edward. .Vmerican lawyer 1850 1815
Tilghman, James. .Vm. lawyer and statesman... 1716 1793
Tllghman, Lloyd. .American soldier 1816 1863
Tilghman, Matthew. Am, patriot, statesman 1718 1790
Tilghman, Richard L. American uaval officer., . 1810 1867
Tilghman, Tench. American soldier 1744 1786
Tllghman, Tench. American soldier 1810 1874
Tllghman. William. American jurist 1756 1827
BORX DIEB
TUlemont, de, Louis S. le Xji-in. Fr. historian... 1637 1698
Tilley, Samuel L.. Sir. Canadian statesman 1818
Tilliughast, Joseph Leonard. Am. law., states. . 1790 1844
Tillinghast, Nicholas. Am. edu. and soldier 1804 1.S56
Tillinghast, Pardon. Eng. cl. and benefactor 1622 1718
Tillinghast, Thomas. Am. jurist and statesman 1742 1821
Tillman, Samuel D. Am. lawyer, scientist 1815 1875
Tillotson, John. Eng. theo. Abn. of Canterbury 1630 1694
Tillson, Davis. American soldier ".1830
Tilly, von, Johann T., Count. Ger. general 1559 1632
Tilton, .lames. Am. sold, and medical writer 1745 1822
Tiltou, John RoUin. American artist 1833 1888
Tilton, Theodore. .\m. journalist and author 1835 ...
Timbs, John. Eng. jonrnalist aud comniler 1801 1875
Timby, Theodore Rnggles. American inventor.. 1822
Timm, Henry C. Ger. mus. and composer in Am 1811
Timoleon. Greek statesman and general B.C. 400? 337
Timoleon, Gulielmo Brntus Icilius. It. mathe.. 1803 1869
Timon, John. American R. C. bishop 1797 1867
Timour or Timur. See Tamerlane.
Timrod, Henry. American poet 1829 1867
Tims, Thomas Dillon. Irish financier in Can 1826
Tinoker, Mary Agues. .American novelist 1S.S3 ....
Tlndal, Matthew. English theological writer 1656 1733
Tlndaile, William. English reformer 1480? 1536
Tingey, Thomas. English uaval officer in Am.... 1750 1829
Tinker, Reuben. .\m. Presb. el. and missionary. 1799 1854
Tintoretto, II. Italian painter 1519 1594
Tipaldo, Emilio -\medo. It. scholar and hist.. .. 1798
Tlppoo Sahib. Sultan of Mysore, India 1740 1799
Tipton, John. American soldier and Senator 1786 18:i0
Tipton, Thomas W. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1817 ...
Tiraboschi, ^Tirolamo. It. Je"suit and author.. . 1731 1794
Tischbein, Johann H. \A'. Ger. historical painter 1751 1829
Tischendorf, von. Lobegott F. C. Ger. philol... 1815 1874
Tisserand, Francj-ois Felix. French astronomer. 1845
Tissot, Pierre Francois. Fr. jonrn. and politician 1768 1854
Tissot, Simon Andre. Swiss physician 1728 1797
Tisza, Koloman. Hungarian st"atesman 1830
Titcomb, Jonathan. American soldier 1728 1817
Titian or Tiziano Vecellio. Venetian painter... 1477 1576
Titiens f>r Titjens, Therese. German vocalist... 1834 1877
Titsingh, Isaac. Dutch orientalist 1740 1812
Tittmann, Johann A. H. German Biblical critic 1773 1831
Titus. Roman emperor 40 81
Tobar,Juan. Mexican Jesuit Iij43 1623
Tobin, John. English dramatist 1770 1804
Tobler, Titus. Swiss orientalist 1806 1877
Tocornal y Grez, Manuel A. Chilian statesman. 1817 1867
Tocqueville, de, .Vlexis C. H. C. Fr. publicist... 1805 1859
Tod, David. Am. statesman and diplomatist 1805 1868
Tod, George. Am. jurist, statesman and soldier.. 1773 1841
Todd, Alfred. English legal writer in Canada.... 1821 1874
Todd, Alpheus. English author in Canada 1821 1884
Todd, Charles Burr. .Vm. educator and author. . 1849
Todd, Charles S. Am. lawyer, soldier, diplomat. 1791 1871
Todd, David Peck. Am. astronomer and writer.. 1855
Todd, Eli. Am. phys., supt. of retreat for insane. 1769 1833
Todd,HeuryJ. Eng. archd.. biog.. and editor.... 1763 1845
Todd, James Henthorne. Irish archseologist 1805 1869
Todd, John. .-Vmerican lawyer and soldier 1750 1782
Todd, John. American cler"gyman and author... 1800 1873
Todd, John B. S. Am. soldier and statesman 1814 1872
Todd, Robert Bentley. Brit, physiol. and anat. .. 1809 I860
Todd, Thomas. American jurist 1765 1826
Todhunter, Isaac. English mathematician 1820 1884
Todleben, Franz Eduard. Russian military eng. 1818 1884
Toebbe, -Augustus M. Ger. R. C. bishop in Am... 1829 1884
Toict, Nicholas. Freuch Jesuit and author 1611 1680
Toland,John. Irish deist 1669 1722
Toldy, Franz. Hungarian author 1805 1875
Toledo, Antonio S. de. Mar. de M. V'roy of Mex
Toledo, de, Francisco. Viceroy of Peru 1520 l.'iSS
Toledo, de, tiarcia. Spanish iriissionary 1510 1583
Toledo, de, Pedro. Spanish viceroy of Naples.... 1481 1553
Tollens, Hendrik. Dutch poet 1780 1856
Tolon, Misruel T. Am. author and dramatist 1820 1858
Toloquryauhtzin. Mexican king 1469
Tolsa, Manuel. Spanish architect and sculptor.. 1750 1810
Tolstoi, Alexis, Count. Russian poet, novelist.. . 1817 1875
Tolstoi, Leo N., Count. Russian nov., socialist. . 1828 ....
Tom. "Blind Tom." 4m. musical prodigy 1849 —
Tomes, Robert. American physician and dip 1817 1882
Tomlinson, Gideon. American lawyer, states... 1780 1854
Tommaseo. Nicolo. Italian statesman, scholar.. 1802 1874
To-mo-chi-chl. .\merican Indian chief 1642 1739
Tompkins, Charles H American soldier 1880
Tompkins, Daniel D Am.statesm., V.-Pres. U. S. 1774 1825
Tompkins, Daniel 0 Am. soldier 17'.t9 1863
Tompson "e* janiin American educator 1642 1714
Tompson Edward American clergyman 1665 1705
Tompson William Eng. clergyman in .\merica. 1698 1666
Tone, Theobald vVolie. Irish revolutionist 1763 1798
Tone, William T V.'. Irish sold., auth. in Am 1791 1828
Toner, Joseph M. .American physician 1825
Tonna, Chailotte Elizabeth. Eng. authoress 1792 1846
Tonstall, Cuthhert, English prelate 1475 1559
Tonti, Lorenzo. Italian banker in France fl. 1653
TontyorTonti.de Italian explorer aft 1650 1704
T O i\ Y N — T R U M B U L L
1817
BORN DIED
Toayn, Patrick. Eug. soldier in America 1725 18W
Tooke, John Horne. Eng. politician, philologist. 1736 1812
Toole, John Lawrunce. English comedian 1830 .. .
Toombs, Robert. Am. polit., Coufed. general 1810 1885
Topete, Juan Bautista. Span, naval officer.. — 1821 ....
Tbpffer, Rodolphe. Swiss novelist 1799 1846
Toplady, Augustus Montague. Eng. hymn-writer 1740 1778
Topp, -Vlexaiider. Scot. -Can. Presljy. clergyman. 1815 1879
Toppan, Robert Noxon, Am. lawyer, author.... 1836 ., -
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Torstenson, Lennart. Count of Ortala. Swed.gen 1603 1651
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Tradescant, John. English botanist 1608 1662
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Trafton, Adeline. American authoress 1845
Trafton, Mark. Am. clergyman and author 1810
Tram, Catharine Parr S. Eng. authoress in Can, 1802
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Train, George Francis. Am. author. lecturer 1829
Trajan, Roman emperor 53 117
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Trenchard, Edward. American artist 1860
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Trevett, Samuel R. American surgeon 1783 1822
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Trosseau, Armand. French physician 1802 1867
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Trotter, James Fisher. American jur. statesman 1802 1866
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Troup, Robert. American soldier and jurist 1757 1832
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Trumbull, Benjamin. .\m. divine and historian. 1735 1820
Trumbull, Gurdon. American artist 1841
Trumbull, 3eDry Clay. American clergyman... 1830 —
1818
T R U M B U L L — T Z S C H 1 R N E R
BORN DIED
Trumbull, James Hammond. Am. philologist... 1821
Trumbull, John. American painter 1756 184S
Trumbull, John. American satirical poet 1750 1831
Trumbull, Jonathan. American patriot 1710 178.5
Trumbull, Jonathan. American Kev. statesman. 1740 1809
Trumbull, Joseph. American statesman 1737 1778
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Trumbull, Lyman. American statesman 1813
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Tryon, George W. American conchologist 1838 1888
Tryon, Dwight W. Am. artist and educator 1849
Tryon, William. British col. governor in Am 1725 1788
Tschirnliausen, von, Ehren. W., Count. Ger.phll 1651 1708
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Tscbudl, von, Johann J. Swiss traveler, botanist 1818
Tseng, Chitchze. Chinese statesman, author 1834 1890
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Tuck, Joseph Henry. American inventor 1812 ....
Tucker, Abraham. "English metaphysician 1705 1774
Tucker, Edward. English botanist 1810 1868
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Tucker, John Randolph. American naval officer 1812 1883
Tucker, John R. Am. lawyer and statesman 1823
Tucker, Joshua T. Am. clergyman, journalist 1812
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Tucker, Luther. American journalist 1802 1873
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Tucker, Sarah. American Quaker preacher 1779 1840
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Tucker, Tilghman M. Am. lawyer and statesman 1859
Tucker, William J. Am. cl. and educator 1839
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Tuckerman, Bayard. American author 1855
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Tulane, Paul. Am. merchant and philanthropist 1801 1887
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Tupper, Charles Hibbert. Nova Scotian states'n. 1855
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Tupper, Martin Farquhar. English author 1810 1889
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Turcotte, Joseph E. Canadian statesman 1808 1864
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Turgeneff, Ivan Sergvevitch. Russian novelist . 1818 1883
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Turnbull, William P. Scot.-Am. ornithologist . 1830 1871
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Turner, Charles Coche. American naval officer. 1805 1861
Turner, Charles Tennyson, Rev. English poet 1879
BOBM DIEV
Turner, Charles Yardley. American artist 1860
Turner, Daniel. American naval officer 1794 1850
Turner, I>aniel. Am. statesman, educator 1796 1860
Turner, IJawson. English botanist 1775 185S
Turner, Douglas Kellogg. Am. clergyman, auth. 1823
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Turner, Edward. British chemist 1797 1837
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Turner, James. American statesman 1766 1824
Turner, John W. American soldier i833 ..
Turner, Joseph M. W. English landsc. painter.. 1774 186:
Turner, Nat. American insurgent I8OO 183:
Turner, Peter. American naval officer 1803 1871
Turner, Philip, .\merican surgeon 1740 1815
Turner, Samuel H. American Biblical critic 1790 1861
Turner, Sharon. English historian 1768 1847
Turner, Thomas. American naval officer 1808 1883
Turner, William W. American philologist 1810 1859
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Turretini, Jean Alphonse. Swiss theologian 1671 1737
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Tuttle, Joseph Farrand. Am. cl. and educator... 1818
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Twachtman, John Henry. American artist 1853
Tweed, William Marcy. American politician 1823 1878
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Twining, Kingsley. Am. clergyman, journalist.. 183!
Twiss, Travers, Sir. English jurist 1810
Tyard, de, Pontus. French bishop and poet 1521 1605
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Tychsen, Thomas Christian. German philologist 1758 1834
Tydings, Richard. .\m. clergyman and author.. 1783 1865
Tyler, Bennet. American clergyman and author 1783 1858
Tyler, Charles Humphrey, American soldier 1826 1865
Tyler, Daniel, .\merican soldier and engineer... 1799 1882
Tyler, Edward R. Am. clergyman, journalist 1800 1848
Tvler, Erastus B. American soldier 1822
Tyler, John. Tenth President of United States.. 1790 1862
Tyler, Julia G. Second wife of President John... 1820
Tyler, Letitia Christian. Wife of President John 1790 1842
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■Tyler, Moses Colt. Am. educator and author 1835
Tyler, Ransom Hebbard. .4m. lawy'r and author 1813 1881
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Tyler, Robert Ogdeu. American soldier 1831 1874
Tyler, Royal 1. Am. jurist and dramatist 1757 1826
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Tyler, Watt. Euglish rebel 1381
Tyler, William Sevmour. American linguist 1810
Tyler, William. American R. C. bishop 18m> 1849
Tyler, Edward Burnett. English anthropologist. 1832
Tyndale, Hector. Am. sold, and col. of pottery. 1821 l.«80
Tyndale or 'Tindal, William. Eng. ref., martyr. . 1484 1536
Tyndall, John. British physicist 1820
Tyner, James Noble. American statesman 1826 —
Tyng, Dudley Atkins. ,\m. lawyer and editor. ... 1760 1829
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Tyson, Elisha. .\mericaii abolitionist 1749 1824
Tyson, James. Am. physician and educator 1841 ....
Tyson, Job Roberts. Am. lawyer and educator. . 1803 1858
Tyson, Philip T. Am. chemist and geologist 1799 1877
Tytler, .\lexander F. Scottish jurist, historian. . 1747 1813
Tytler, James. Scottish author in America 1747 1805
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. Scottish historian 1791 1849
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Tzschirner, Heicrich G. German theologian. . ;''7b 18^
U B 1 C I N I — V A N D A M M E
1819
u
BORN DIED
UDiclnl, Jean Henri A. French author Isis 1»«
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Udall, Nicholas. English teacher, dramatist loOb 155b
Ueberweg, Friedrich. German philosoiiher l»i!6 1»71
Ueclitritz, von, Friedrich. German poet 1»0, 1875
nffenbacll, von, Bernard. Ger. Jesuit, missionary 1U91 I'ioS
Uffenbacli, von, Zacharias C. German scholar.. 1083 i7bo
Ugarte Juan. Mexican Jesuit missionary 1002 17:jO
tJgonl,.Camillo. Italian author 17K4 ISoO
Ufil, Friedrich. German novelist.. 182j .^_
Ullland, Johaun Ludwig. German lyric poet 17»7 180^
Uhland, Ma.ximillian. Ger. R. C. missionary 1-iio 1538
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Ulfalvy Kiirolv E. Hungarian orient'st. author.. 1842
Uie Otto Eduard Vinceuz. German naturalist. .. 18-20 1876
Ulflias. Bishop of the Goths... ^^ 311? 381
Ullmann Daniel. .American soldier and law yer.. 18iu
UUmann, Karl Heinrich. German theolosiau. .. 1796 I860
Ulloa, de, Antonio. Span, math., uaval officer... 1716 179-5
TTlloa, de, Francisco. Span. disc, of California. . . n. 1540
Dllrlcll, Titus. German poet 1813 .._
Ulpian. Roman jurist i- -vvi-Ai ,i^
Ulphilas, Herman. German naturalist ana auth 1/OJ 17ol
TJlrich, Charles Frederick. .American artist 1858
Ulrlch, Titus. German poet ^ : ;. 1813 ....
nirlci Hermann. German philosopherand cntio 180b 1884
Umberto, King. See nvMEEP.x. ,. , . ,.„- ,„„r
Umbreit, Friedrich William K. Ger. theologian. l/9o '%C
Umbacheiden, Franz. Ger. edu.. jouru. in Am.. '82, 1874
Unangst, Ellas. Am. Luth. missionary, traus ... 1824 ...
Unanue, Jose H. Peruvian phys and author 17.:)8 18a3
Uncas Sachem of the Mohegans in Connecticut. 1588 1682
Underbill, Edward F. Am. steuographer, auth. 18:50 ...
Underbill, John. Eng. colonist iu America 1672
Underwood, Adin Ballon. American soldier 1828 1888
Underwood, Francis Henrv. American author.. . 182o
Underwood, John C. Am. eng., states., jour 1840 ....
Underwood, John Curtiss. American jurist 1808 1873
Underwood, John \V. H. Am. jurist, statesman.. 1816 1888 •
Underwood, Joseph R. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1791 1876
Underwood, Lucius .Marcus. American botanist. 1853
Underwood, Warner L. American statesman 1808
Underwood, William H. Am. jurist and soldier.. 1779 1859
Unger, Franz. Austrian pala?outologist I.SOO 1870
Updike Wilkins. Am. lawver and statesman — 1784 1867
Upfold, George. Eng. P. E. bishop in America- . 1796 1872
Upham, Albert Gookin. Am. phys. and general.. 1819 1847
Upham Charles Wentworth. American author.. 1802 1875
Upham, Frauds William. Am edu. aud author.. 1817
Upbam, James. Am. clegymau and journalist ... 1815
Upbam, Joshua. American jurist 1741 1808
Upbam, Nathaniel Gookin. American jurist — 1801 1869
Upham, Thomas Cogswell. Am. metaphysician.. 1799 1872
Upbam, Timothy. Am. merchant and soldier — 17.S3 18.55
Upbam, William. Am. lawyer and statesman — 1792 1853
Upjobn Richard. English-American architect... 1802 1878
Upjobn, Richard M. Sou of R. Eng.-Am. architect 1828 ....
Upsbur, Abel Parker. American statesman 1790 1844
Unsbur, George Parker. American naval officer. 1799 1852
Upsbur, John Henrv. .\meriean naval officer — 1823
Upsbur, Marv Jane 'Stith. American authoress... 1828
Upson, Ansel Judd. .\m. clergyman, educator. ... 182S ....
Upton, Charles H. Am. statesman, diplomat 1812 1877
Upton, Edward Peirce. .American jurist 1816 —
Upton, Emory. American soldier 1839 1881
Upton, Francis H. Am. lawyer and legal writer . 1814 1876
Upton, George B Am. mauuf., philanthropist. .. 1804 1874
Upton, George P. .American journ. and author. .. 1834
Upton, Jacob K. American lawyer and writer — 1837 —
Upton, James. Am. merchant, philanthropist... 1813 1879
Upton, Samuel. Am. merchant and journalist — 17.S4 1842
Upton, Sara Carr. .-Vmerican translator 1843 —
Upton, Wheelock S. .\m. lawyer and compiler... 1811 1860
Upton, William W. Am. jurist and statesman — 1817 .. .
Upton, Winslow. Am. astronomer and educator. 1.8.53 —
Urbanll. Pope. Orthon de ChAtillon 1042? 1099
Urban V. Pope. GuiUaume de Grimoard .1309 1370
Urban vi. Pope. Bartnlnmmeo Priqnani.. 1318 1389
Urban VIII. Pope. Mnfro Barberhii 1508 1644
Urdaneta, .\ndres. Spanish navigator 1499 1.568
Urdaneta, Francisco. South American soldier.. 1791 1.861
Urdaneta, Rafael. Venezuelan .soldier 1789 1815
Ure, Andrew. Scottish chemist 1778 1857
Ure, Robert. Scottish Presb. cl. in Canada 1.823 ....
Crfe, Gabriel Jules. W. Indian navigator, author 1795 1833
Uricocbea, Ezequiel. Colombian scien., author. . 1834 —
Urqubart, David. Scottish writer and politician 1805 1877
Urquiza, de. Juste Jnse. .\rgentine gen., states. . I81X) 1870
frslnus, Fulvius. It. classical scholar, antiquary 1.529 1600
Urtiaga, Pedro. Mexican missionary 16.50 1720
Cober, Hezekiah. Eng. jirinter in America 1615 1676
Usbcr, Hezekiah. American merchant 1639 1679
Usher or Ussher, James. Irish prel. and author. 1.580 16.56
Wsber, John. .American soldier and statesman.. . 1648 1726
Ustier. John Palmer. Am. Igwver and .statesman 1816 1889
BORN DISH
Ussber, Brandram B. Ir. Ref. Episc. bp. inCan. . 1845
Uasieux, Jacques Gerard des. Fr. naval officer... 1719 1781
Usslng, Tage .-Vlgreen. Danish jurist 1797 1872
Uwins, Thomas. English painter 1783 1857
Uz, Johann Peter. German lyric poet 1720 1796
V
Vaart, vander, Jan. Dutch painter 1647 1721
Vaccaro, Andrea. Italian painter 1598 1670
Vacherot, Etieune. French philosopher 1809
Vaoquerie, Auguste. French dramatist and poet 1819 —
Vabl, Martin. Norwegian naturalist 1749 1804
Vail, -Alfred. American inventor 1807 1859
Vail, George. American statesman and diplomat 1809 1875
VaU, Stephen. American manufacturer 1780 1864
Vail, Stephen Montford. Am. clergyman and edu 1818 1880
Vail, Thomas Hubbard. Am. P. E. bp. and author 1812
vr..^, Il'.-ll.-... — IJ.......: .. .. <'.... ...^ i.1 .. c-tntiic-ntan 1 ft'T^
Vaillant, Jean Baptiste P. Fr. marshal. Senator. 1790 1872
Vaillant, Sebastien. French b.tanist 1669 1722
Valades, Diego. Mexican missionary and author 1520 1590
Valckenaer, I.odewijk C. Dutch philol. and crit 1715 1786
Vildemar. See Waldemar.
Valdes, Antonio Jose. Cuban historian 1770 1824
Valdes, Geronim . Spanish soldier 1784 1857
Valdes, Jose Manuel. Peruvian phys. and poet... 1780 1840
Vald6s.Juan. Spanish reformer iu Italy 1495? 1540
Valdes y Sierra, Geronimo. Sp. R.C.bp. in Cuba 1646 1729
Valdevielra, Miguel. P rtuguese soldier 1480 1540
Valdez. See Melendez y Valdez.
Valdivla, de, Lui-. Spanish miss, and author... 1561 1642
Valdivla, de, Pedro. Don. Span couq'r of Chili. . 15107 1559
Valdivieso, de, Antonio. Span. R. C. bp., miss 16.35
Valdivieso y Zanartu, Rafael V. Chilian abp... 1804 1878
Vale, Gilbert. Eng. edu. and author in America. 1788 1866
Valencia, de, Martin. Span. miss, and author... 1466 1633
Valenciennes, Pierre H. Fr. landscape painter.. 1750 1819
Valentin, Gabriel G. German physiologist 1808 1.S83
Valentin, Louis. Fr. phvs. and medical writer.. 1768 1829
Valentine, David Thomas. American historian.. 1801 1869
Valentine, Edward Virginus. Am. sculptor 18.38
Valentine, Milton. Am. clergyman, educator... 1825 —
Valentine, Saint. Ecclesiastical martyr at Rome .... 270
Valentinian, or Valentinianus I, F. Rom. em., a.d 321 375
Valentlnian II. Roman emperor a.d392
Valentinian III. Roman emperor a.d 410 455
Valenzuela, Crisanto. Colcm. lawyer, patriot... 1777 1816
Valerian. Roman emperor 260
Valerrianos, Apostolos. Jimn de Fiica. Greek na^ 1531 1602
Valette, dela, Jean P. Grand master of Malta... 1494 1568
Valla, Lorenzo. Italian philologist 1407 1457
Vallandigbam, Clement Laird. Am. politician.. 1820 18/1
Valle della, Pietro. Italian traveler 1586 1653
Valli^re, de la, Franvoise L de la B. L.B., Duchess 1644 1710
Vallisneri, Antonio. Italian naturalist 1661 1730
VPlmiki. Hindu poet, date unknown
Valois, de, Charles. French antiquary 16/1 1747
Valpy, Abraham John. Classical edit r 1854
Valpy, Richard. English classical scholar 1/54 18.36
Valsalva, Antonio Maria. Italian anatomist 1666 1723
Valverde, Vicente. Spanish R. C. bishop, 1490 1543
Vaml'6"" Arminius. Hun. trav. and orientalist. 1832 ...
Van Amburgh, Isaac. American showman 1815? 1865
Van Arsdale, .lohn. Am. Revolutionary soldier.. 1766 18S6
Vanasse, Vertefeuile F. Can journ.. statesman.. 1849 ....
Vanbrugb, John. Sir. English dramatist 1666? 1/26
Van Brunt, Gershom Jaqnes. Am. uaval officer. . 1798 1863
Van Brunt, Henry, .\merican architect 1832 ....
Van Bunscbooten, Elias. D. cl. and benefactor. l/o8 1815
Van Buren, Abraham. Am. soldier and lawyer.. . 1807 1873
Van Buren. .•Angelica. Am., wife of Abraham — 1820 18/8
Van Buren, Hannah. WifeofPres.M. Van Buren 1782 1819
Van Buren, James L. Am. soldier, signal officer. 1837 1865
Van Buren, John. American 'awyer. politician.. 1819 1806
Van Buren, John Dash. Am. lawyer merchant... 1811 1885
Van Buren, John Das'-. Am. eng., edu., lawyer.. 18.S8 ....
VanBuren.Lawrence. American soldier...... 1^83 1868
Van Buren, Martin. Eighth president of the U.S. 1/82 1862
Van Buren, William H. Am. surgeon, educator.. 1810 1883
Vance, Joseph. American statesman ,j,- ^'S
Vance, Zebulou Baird. Am. lawy'r, states., sold r 18o0 ....
VanCleve, HwratioP. Am :rican soldier ........ 1809 1891
Van Cortlandt, Aug. Clerk of com. cl. of N.Y... 1/28 1824
Van Cortlandt, Jacobus. Am. merch., statesman ItoS 1739
Van Cortlandt, OlofT S. Dutch-Am. sold., merch 1000 1684
Van Cortlandt, Philip. American merchant. . . . ICfe 1746
Van Cortlandt, Philip. Am. s Idler, statesman. /49 1831
Van Cortlandt, Piene. First .ieut.-gov. of N. ^ .. 1^21 1814
Van Cortlandt, Pierre. Am. scldier, statesman.. 1^62 1848
Vancouver, George. English navierator. l/.*.' 1/9S
Van Curler, .^rendt. Dutch pioneer in Am loiio lob/
VanDam.Rip. American colonial governor 1602 ....
Vandamme. Dominique. Count. French gen... 1//0 ibdu
1820
VANDENHOFF — VANEZIANO
BORN DIED
Vandeniioff, George English actor, eloc. in Am. 1S20 .. .
Vandsrbilt, Cornelius. Ameriuau capitalist 179i 1877
Vanderbilt, Cornulius. American tiuancier lS4o .. .
Vanderbilt, William. American financier 1S21 1885
Van der Goes, Hugo. Flemisli painter 1405? 1482
Van der Heist, Burtliolomeus. Dutch port, paint iGll? 1670
Vanderheyden, Dirk. Owner of site of Troy, N.Y. 1680 1738
Vanderlyn, John. American painter 1776 1852
Van der Meer, Jan. The EUlur. Dutch painter.. 1628 1691
Van der Meer, Jan. The Younger. Dutch painter l&j6 1705
Van der Meulen, Adam Fraus. Flemish painter. 16S2 1690
Van der Neer, Aert ur Aernout. Dutch painter.. 1603 1677
Vanderpoel, Aaron. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1799 1871
Vanderpoel, Ann P. Eng. philanthropist in Am. 1815 1870
Vanderva,ter, George Koe. Am. P. E. clergyman 1854
Van der Veer, Alljert. Am. surgeon and educator 1S41
Van Derveer, Ferdinand. Am. soldier and jurist 1823
Vandervelde, Adriaan. Dutch painter 1G39 1672
Vandervelde, Willem. The Elder. Dutch painter 1610 1693
Vandervelde, Willem. The Youneier. Dutch -paint lasi 1707
Vanderwerff, .■idriaan. Dutch painter 1659 1722
Van Dorn, Earl. American general 1821 1863
Vandyke, Anthony, Sir. Flemish portrait paint. lo99 1641
Van Dyke, Heudricli. Dutch pioneer in America 1599 1088
Van Dyke, Henry H. Am. financier, journalist.. 1809 1888
Van Dyke, Henry Jackson. Am. clergyman 1822 1891
Van Dyke, Henry Jackson. Jr. Am. cl., journalist 1852 ....
Van Dyke, John. Am. jurist and statesman 1807 1878
Van Dyke, John C. Am. lawyer, writer on art... 1856
Van Dyke, Joseph S. Am. Presb. cl. and author... 1832
Van Dyke, Nicholas. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1738 1789
Van Dyke, Nicholas. Am. lawyer and statesman. 1769 1826
Van Dyke, Theodore S. Am. lawyer, naturalist. . 1842 ...
Vane, Henry, Sir. English republican statesman 1612 1662
Van Elten, Hendrick D. K. Dutch artist in Am.. 1829
Van Erpen, Thomas. See Erpenius.
Van Eyck. See Eyck, Van.
Van Eycken, Johu. Dutch painter 1854
Van Helmont. See Helmont. Van.
Vanini, Lucilio. Italian philosopher 1584 1619
Van Koughnet, Philip. Can. soldier, statesman. 1789 1873
Van Koughnet, Philip M. Scot.-Can. statesman. 1823 1869
Vanloo, Charles Andr^. French painter 1705 1765
Vanloo, Jean B. Brother of C. A. French painter 1684 1745
Van Mens. See Mons, Van.
Van Ness, John P. American statesman, soldier. 1770 1847
Van Ness, Marcia Burns. Am. philanthropist 1782 1832
Van Nest, Abraham It. Am. clergyman, author. . 1823 . ..
Van Nest, Cornelius P. Am. jurist, statesman... . 1782 1852
Van Nest, Rynier. American clergyman 1739 1776
Van Nest, William P. Am. jurist aud author 1778 1826
Van Nest, William W. American jurist 1776 1.S23
Vanni, Cavaliere Francesco. Italian painter 15657 1609
Van Norman, Daniel C. Canadian educator 1815 1886
Vannuccl, Pietro. See Pekugino, II.
Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob. Dutch theologian 1807
Van Ostade. See Ostade. van.
Van Rensselaer, Cortlandt. American divine.... 1S08 l.SGO
Van Rensselaer, Henry. American soldier. 1810 1864
Van Rensselaer, Henry Killian. .-Vm. soldier .. , 1744 isi6
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, .\merican statesman 1741 isio
Van Rensselaer, Jeremias. Dutch col. in Am. .. 1632 1674
Van Rensselaer, Killian. Dutch coloulst 1595 1644
Van Rensselaer, Killian. Am. sec. Id. of manor. 1662 1719
Van Rensselaer, Killian K. ,\m. law., states 1763 1845
Van Rensselaer, Mariana G. Am. authoress 1851
Van Rensselaer, M. Am. clergyman, educator... IS19
Van Rensselaer, Nicholas. American soldier ... 17-54 1848
Van Rensselaer, Philip S. Mayor Albany, N. Y. . 1767 1824
Van Rensselaer, Robert. American soldier 1741 1802
Van Rensselaer, Solomon. American general. .. 1774 1852
Van Rensselaer, Stephen. American statesman. 1765 1839
Van Santvoord, Cornelins. Americnu clerg 1816
Van Santvoord, George. Am. lawyer, author. .. 1819 1853
Van Santvoord, Staats. American clergyman... 1790 1882
Van Schaank, Henry Cruger. American lawyer.. 1802 1887
Van Schaack, Peter. American lawyer, educator 1747 1832
Van Sclialck, Cozen. American soldier 1737 1787
Van Schendel, Petrus. Belgian pniuter 1806 1870
Vansittart, Henry. English naval officer 1779 1844
VanTwiller, Wouter. Dutch gov. of N. Nether.. 1580 ....
Van Utrecht, Adriaan. Flemish painter 1599 1651
Vanuxem, Lardner. Am. geologist 1792 1848
Van Valkenburg, Robert B. Am. states., dip 1821 1888
Van Vechten, .\braham. Am. lawyer, statesman 1762 1837
Vanvitelll, Luigi. Italian architect 1700 1773
Van Vleck, Jacob. Am, Morav. bi.shop. educator 1751 1831
Van Vleck, John Monroe. American educator.... 1833
Van Vleck, William Henry. Am. Morvian bp 1790 1853
Van Vliet, Stewart. American soldier 1815
Van Wart, Isa.ac. One of the captors of Andr^... . 1760 1828
Van Winkle, Peter G. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1808 1872
Van Wyck, Chnrles H. -\m. lawyer, statesman... 1824 ....
Van Zandt, Marie. American vocalist 1861
Vapereau, Louis Gnstave. French biographer... 1819
Varohi, Benedetto. Italian historian and poet. . . 1.502 1.565
Varela, Florencio. Argentine lawyer, journalist. 1807 1848
Varela, Hector F. South Am. jour, and author. . 1832
Varela, JuanC. South Am. antiquarian, author. 1843 ,,..
EOKN
Varela, Juan Cruz. South Am. journalist, author 1794
Varela, Louis V. South Am. jour, and author.... 1845
Varela, Mariano. South American journalist 1834
Varela, Pedro. South American statesman 1834
Varela, Kutiuo. South American soldier 1801
Varela y Morales, F. Cub. R. C. cl.. auth. in Am 1788
Varela y UUoa, Josi?. Spanish naval officer 1748
Varen, Bernhard. Dutch geographer 1610
Vargas, Jose M. Spanish phys.. pres. Venezuela. 1786
Vargas, de, Luis. Spanish painter 1502
Vargas-Machuca, Bernardo. Span, sol., author. 1550
Vargas y Ponce, J. J. Sjjanish cartographer 1755
Varick, Richard. American lawyer and soldier.. 1753
Varick, Theodore R. .\m. surg., medical writer.. 1825
Varlgnon, Pierre. French mathematician 1654
Varlet, Domingue M. French R. C.missionarv.. . 1678
Varley, John. English painter. '. ... 1778
Varnhagen, de, Francisco A. Brazilian author.. 1816
Varnbagen, von Ense, Karl A. German writer. . 1785
Varnum, James M. Am. jurist, sol., statesman... 1748
Varnum, Joseph B. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1750
Varnum, Joseph B. Am. soldier and statesman.. 1818
Varoli, Costanzo. Ital. anatomist. Puns Vnrolii. 1543?
Varona, Enrique J. Cuban statesman, author 1849
Varrlck, James. American A. M. E. Zion bishop 1760
VarrOj Marms T. Roman scholar and writer. .B.C. 116
Vasari, Giorgio. Italian biographer of artists 1512
Vasco da Gama. SeeGAMA,DA.
Vasconcellos, Simon. Port. Jesuit and historian 1699
Vasey , George. American botanist 1822
Vasquez, Francisco. Central .\m. R. C. miss 1000
Vasquez, Francisco Pablo. Mexican K. C. bishop 1709
Vasquez de Coronado. See Coeonado, de.
Vassar, Jo._n Ellison. American evangelist 1813
Vassar, John Guy. Am. manuf. and benefactor.. 1811
Vassar, Matthew". American philanthropist.. ... 1792
Vassar, Thomas Edwin. .4.m. Baptist clergyman 1834
Vater, Johann Severin. Ger. philol. and theol... 1771
Vattel, de, Emmeric. Swiss publicist 1714
Vattemare, Alexaudre. Fr. ventrilotjuist in Am. 1796
Vauban, de, SObastien L.. Marquis. Fr. marshal. 1633
Vaucanson, de, Jacques. French mechanician.. 1700
Vaucber, Jean Pierre. Swiss botanist 1763?
Vaudreuil, de, Philippe de R.. M. Fr. gov. g'l Can 1640
Vaudreuil, de, Pierre F. de R.M. Last Fr. gov. Can 1698
Vaugelas, de, Claude Fflvre. Fr. grammarian... 1585
Vaugeron, von, Karl Adolph. Ger. jurisconsult.. 1808
Vaughan, Alfred. English x'oet and critic 1823
Vaugban, Benjamin. W. Indian poli. economist. 1751
Vaugban, Charles. Eng.merchant in America... 1759
Vaugban, Charles John. English divine 1816
Vaugban, Daniel. Ir. scientist and author in Am 1821
Vaugban, Henry. British |ioet 1621
Vaugban, Johu.Sir. British general in America. 1738
Vaugban, John. Am. physician and scientist.... 1775
Vaugban, Johu A^'thorp. Am. cl. and educator... 1795
Vaughan, Robert. English divine and author 1795
Vaughan, Thos. Alchemist. Tuin brother of Henry 1621
Vaughan, Williau. Sir. Welch poet in America.. 1577
Vaugban, William. Americau soldier 1703
Vaulabelie, de, Achille T. Fr. historian, jonm.. 1799
Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas. French chemist 17C3
Vautier, Benjamin. Swiss painter 1829
Vaux, Calvert. English landscape arch, in Am.. 1824
Vaux, Roberts. .American philanthropist 1786
Vaux, William S. American scientist, benefactor 1811
Vaux, William S. W. English orientalist 1818
Vaux, de, Nuei de Jourda. Marshal of France. ... ..705
Vawter, John. .Am. cl.. pioneer and statesman.. 1782
Veatch, James Clifford. Am. lawyer, soldier 1819
Veccbi, del, Giovanni. See Dei Vecchi.
Vedder, Alexander M. American physician 1814
Vedder, Elihu. American artist 1836
Vega, Garoibiso de la. See Gakcilaso de la Vega.
Vega, de, Felieiano. Peruinan R. C. bishop, jur.. 1.580
Vega Carpio, de, Lope Felix. Sp. poet, dramatist 1562
Vega, von, Georg, Baron. German math 1754
Vebse, Karl Eduard. German historian 1802
Velgl, Franz Xavier. Aust. Jesuit miss, in Am... 1723
Veit, Philipp. German painter 1793
Veitch,John. Scottish metayibvsician 1829
Veitch, William. Scottish Hellenist 1795
Velasco, Luis V. Spanish naval officer 1710
Velasco, de, Jose Miguel. Bolivian sold., pres. .. 1790
Velasco, de, Juan. s. Am. Jesuit, educator, hist. nt7
Velasco, de, Luis. Count. Span, viceroy of Mex.. 1500
Velasquez de Sllva y, Diego Rod. Sp. painter... 1599
Velez-Herrera, Ramon. Cuban poet 1808
Vellosino, Javme A. Brazilian physician. hotan't 1639
Velpeau, Alfred .ArmandL. M. French surgeon. . 1795
Venable, Abraham B. American statesman 1700
Venable, Abraham W. Am. lawyer, statesman. .. 1799
VenaWe, Charles S. .\merican mathematician... 1827
Venable, Frank P. Am.chem.. educator, author. 1S56
Venable, William Henry. American author 1836
Vendfime, de, Lo\iis Jos?eph, Due. Fr, general... 16.54
Venedey, Jakob. German politician and author. 1805
Venegas, Miguel. Mexican author 1680
Veneziano, Agostino. Agostino de' Musi. It. engra 1490?
DIEk
1839
1840
1853
1794
1660
1854
1568
1620
1821
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I.'-,4i •
V E N N — Y I S C 11 E R
1821
BORN DIED
Venn, Henry. English theoloerian 1725 1797
Vennor, Henry George. Canadian meteorologist. I!M0 lf«4
Ventura, de Raulica, Gioacchiuo. It. pulpit or. l»0-2 isei
Vera, Augusto. Italian philosopher 1817 i88o
Verazano, Gio%amii. It. navigator and explorer 1480 1527
Verbeck, Guido Fridolin. Dutch missionarv 1830
Verboeckhoven, Eugene Joseph. Bf Igian painter 1798 1881
Ver Bryck, Cornelius. American artist 1S13 1844
Verdi, Giuseppe. Italian musical composer 1814
Verdi, TuUio Jiuzzara. It. educator and physician 1829
Verdin, von, Karl. Silesian miss, and author icao 1697
Verdugo, Vicente. Peruv. Jesuit and hsistorian. 1690 1775
Vere, de, Aubrey, Sir. Irish poet 1788 1846
Vere, de, Edward, nth earl Oxford. Eng. poet.. 1540? 1604
Vere, de, Thomas. Eng. poet and miscel. writer.. 1814
Veio-schagin, Vassili. Russian painter 1842
Vergennes, de, Charles G., Count. Fr. statesman 1717 1787
Vergil. See Viegil.
Vergil, Polydore. Italian historian in England... 1470? 1555
Vergniaud, Pierre Victorin. Fr. revolutionist 1759 1793
Verfiuel, Carel Hendrik. Dutchadmiral 1760 1845
Verhuen, Jacobus. Dutch Jesuit miss., historian 1709 1777
Vermilye, Ashbel Green. Am. Presby. clergyman 1822
VermUye, Robert G. Am. educa.. Presby. clergy. 1813 1875
Vermilye, Thomas E. Am. Presby. clergyman 1803
Verne, Jules. French author 1828
Vernet, Antoine C. H. French painter 1758 1836
Vernet, Claude Joseph. Freuchmarinepalnter. . 1714 1789
Vernet, Emile Jean H. French painter 17«9 1863
Vernon, Edward. English admiral.. 1689 1757
Vernon, Jane M. F. English actress in America.. 17% 1869
Vferon, Louis Desire. French journalist 1798 1867
Veronese, Paul. See Cagliari. Paolo.
Verot, Augustine. Fr. E. C. bp..edu. in America. ISOt 1876
Verplanck, Daniel C. Am. statesman and jurist.. 1761 1834
Verplanck, Gulian C. American author 1786 1870
Verrazano, Giovanni. Florentine navigator 1486 IS-i?
Verreau, Hospice-.inthelnie J. B. Can." educator. 1828 . ..
Verren, Antoine. Fr. clei^man educator in Am. 1801- 1874
Verrl, Pietro. Italian political economist 1728 1797
Verriil, .\ddison Emory. American naturalist. .. 1839
Verstegan, Richard. English antiquarv 16.35?
Vertin, John. Caruiolan K. C. bishop ' 1844
Vertot, de, ReneAubert. French historian 1655 1735
Vertue, George. English engraver 1685 17-56
Very, Jones. American poet and educator 1813 ISsO
Very, Lydia Louisa A. Am. educator and poetess 18^
VesalinB, Andreas. Flemish anatomist 1514 1564
Vesey, Denmark. African conspirator in Am 1767 1822
Vesey, William. American P. E. clergyman 1674 1746
Vespasian. Roman emperor '. 9 79
Vespucci, -Amerigo. Italian navigator 1451 1512
Vest, George Graham. Am. lawyer and statesman 18.30
Vestris, Gaetauo A. B. Italian "dancer 1729 1808
Vestris, Lucia E. Mrs. Malthrws. Eug. actress... 1797 1854
Vetch, James. Scottish engineer 17S9 1869
Vetch, Samuel. Scottish col. governor in Am 1668 1732
Vethake, Heurj-. South American educator 1792 1866
VetromUe, Eugene. It. missionary, author in .\m 1819 1880
Veuillot, Desire. French explorer aud author 1653 17.32'
Veuillot, Louis. French journalist and author. .. 1813 1883'
Veytia, Mariano. Mexican historian. 1718 1779
Vezin, Hermann. German actor 1829 .
Viale, AKostinho. Brazilian explorer 1620 1667
Vlana, de, Francisco. Span. miss, and author 1530 1609
Viardot, Louis. French author 1800 1883
Viardot, Pauline. Wi/e nf L. French actress 1821
Vibert Jehan Georges. French painter 1840
Vicat, Louis Joseph. French engineer 1786 1861
Vicente, Gil. Portuguese dramatist 1470? 1.536?
Vick, James. Eng. horticulturist in .\merica ISIS 1882
Vickers, George. Am. lawyer and statesman l.«01 1879
Vico, Giovanni Battista. Italian philosopher 1668 1743
Vicq d' Azjnr, Felix. French anatomist 1748 1795
Victor Amadeus II. DukeofSavov 1666 1732
Victor Emanuel I. King of Sardinia 17.59 1824
Victor Emanuel 11, of Sardinia, first king Italv . 1820 1878
Victor, Claude Perrin, Duke of Belluno. Mar". Fr 1764 1841
Victor, Frances .\uretta. .\merican authoress 1826 . .
Victor, Metta Victoria. .\m. authoress, journalist 1831 1886
Victor, Orville Jas Am.journ.and historian... 1827
Victoria. Queen of Great Britain 1819
Victoria, Guadalupe. Mexican president 1789 1843
Victoria, Tomas. Spanish missionarv 1600
Victoria, de, Pedro. Spanish Jesuit and author
Victina, Benjamin VleuiiaM. Chilian historian.. 18.31 1KS6
Vicuna, Manuel. Chilian archbishop, statesman. 1778 1813
Vicuna, Pedro Felix. Chilian journalist 1806 1874
Vida, Marco Girolamo. Italian Latin poet 14S5? 1566
Vidal, .\lexander. PZnglish statesman in Canada. 18i9
Vidal, Francois. French economist 1814 1872
Vidaurre, de, Manuel L. PeruWan statesman 1773 1841
Vidaurri, Santiago. Mexican soldier I8O3 liSflT
Vidocq, Eugi-ne F. French conrtct and detective 1775 1857
Vlelra, .\ntonio. Portugeseauthor and priest 1608 1697
Vleira, Joao Femandes. Brazilian patriot 1600 1660
Viel, Etienne B. .\. .\merican Jesuit and author.. 1736 1821
Viel-Castel, de, Louis, Comte. Fr. statesman 1800
Viele, Arnaud C. Dutch colonist in America 1620 1700
_,. , BORN DIED
Viele, Egbert Ludovickus. American engineer.... 1825 ..
Viele, John Ludovickus. Am. jurist, statesman... 1788 1832
Vien, Joseph Marie. Fr. historical painter 1716 1809
Viennet, Jean P. G. French politician and auth'r 1777 ifW
Vieta, Francis. French mathematician 1540 liiOS
Vieussens, de, Raimond. French anatomist ifrti 17:5
Vieuxtemps, Henri. Belgian violinist 1819 issi
Viger, Denis B. Canadian lawyer and statesman 1874 1861
Viger, James. Can. archsologist, antiquarian 1787 1858
Vigfusson, Gudbrand. Icelandic writer 1830 1889
Vigier, George. Cuban traveler and author 1710 1779
Vignan, Nicolas. French soldier i5f.7 i630
Vignaud, Jean Henry. Am. journalist, author... 1830 ....
Vlgnola, da, Giacomo Barozzio. Ital. architect . 1508? 1573
Vignoles, des, Alphonse. Fr. chronologist 1649 1744
Vlgny, de, Altred v., Comte. Fr. poet, novelist.. 1799 1863
VilainXrV, Charles, Vicomte. Belgian statesm'n 1803 1878
Vilas, William F. Am. soldier and statesman 1840
ViUanenva, de, Joaquin Lorenzo. Sp. statesman 1757 1837
Villani, Giovanni. Italian historian 1280? 13!8
VUlard, Henry. German financier in America... 1835
VUlari, Pasquale. Italian historian is27
Villaroel, de, Gaspar. Peruv. R. C. bp., author. . 1587 1671
Vlllars, Charles. French surgeon an* author 1760 1814
Villars, de, Claude L.H., Due. Marshal of France 1653 1734
Vlllars, Dominique. French botanist 1745 1814
VUlaverde, Cirilo. Cuban journalist and author 1812
VtUefranche, de, Charles Pierre. Am. historian 17,t6 1809
Villegas Coras, Jos^ Antonio. Mexican sculptor 1713 1785
Villegas, de, Esteban Manuel. Sp. Ivric poet 15% 1669
Villegaignon, de, Nicolas D. Fr. na"val officer... 1510 1571
VUlehardouin, de, Geoffrey. French historian.. 1165V 1213?
Villele, de, Jean B. G. M. S. J. Fr. statesman 1773 1854
Villemain, Abel Franfois. Fr. his., educationist. 1790 1870
Villena, de, Enrique de A., Don, Marq. Sp. schol 1384? 1434
Villenave, Mathieu G. T. French author 1762 1846
VUleneuve, de, Pierre C. J. B. S. French admiral 1763 1806
Villepique, JohnBordenave. American soldier.. l,'-30 1862
Villere, Gabriel. American soldier 1785 1852
Villere, Jacques. American soldier, statesman... 1761 1831
Villerme, Louis Rene. French economist 1782 1863
Villermet, de, Jules G. F. French explorer 1802 1869
Villeroi, de, Francois. Due. Marshal of France.. . 1644 1730
Villers, de, Charles F.D. French philosopher 3764 1815
Villlers, Charles Pelham. English politician 1802
ViUiers, George. See Buckingham. Dukeof.
Villiers, Jean Pierre. Fr. missionary and author 1672
VUloison, de, Jean B.G. d'.insse. Fr. scholar. .. 1750 1805
Villon, Francois. French poet 1431 1485?
VUmar, August Friedrich C. German author 1800 1868
Vilmot, Charles Stanislas. Frenchauthor 1749 1794
Vin Moyse, Van. Flemish buccaneer 1627 1678
Vince, Samuel. Eng. mathematician, astronomer 1821
Vincennes, de, Jean. Founder of Vincennes, Ind 1688 1736
Vincent, Albert Oliver. .American soldier 1842 1882
Vincent, Boyd. American P. E. bishop 1845 ...
Vincent, Charles E. H. Eng. politician, author. . 1849
Vincent, Francis. Eng. journalist in America 1.S22 1884
Vincent, Frank. American traveler, author l.'»18 . .
Vincent, John. English soldier 1765 1848
Vincent, John Heyl. American M. E. bishop 1832
Vincent, Marvin R. Am. clergyman and educator 18.34
Vincent, Mary Anne. Eng. actress in America 1818 1887
Vincent, Philip. Eng. cl. and traveler in .Am 1600 1638
Vincent, Strong. American soldier and lawver... I8.37 1863
Vincent, Tiiomas McCnrdy. American soldier. .. 1832
Vincent William. English classical scholar 1739 1815
Vincent de Paul, Saint. French R. C. reformer.. 1576 1660
Vinci, da, Leonardo. Florentine painter 1452 1519
Vincke, von, Ernst Friedrich G. Prussian orator 1811 1875
Vines, Richard. Eng. physician, colonist in Am.. 1585 1651
Vinet, Alexandre R. Swiss theologian, author. .. 1797 1847
Vingut, Francisco J. Cuban edu.. authorin Am.. 1823
Vin^t, Gertrude. American authoress 1830
Vining, John. American statesman 1758 1802
Vlnje, Aasmund Olafsen Norwegian poet 1818 1870
Vinton, .Alexander H. .American divine 1807 1881
Vinton, -Arthur Dudley. Am. lawyer, journalist. . 1852
Vinton, Calesta H. American missionary ...1S09 1864
Vinton, David Hammond.^ American soldier 1S03 1873
Vinton, Francis. -American soldier, clergyman.. 1809 1872
Vinton, Francis Laurens. Am. engineer, authcnr. 18iH 1879
Vinton, Frederic. American bibliographer 1817
Vinton, Frederic Porter. American artist 1846
Vinton, John -Adams. -Am. cl. and genealogist... IKil 1877
Vinton, John Rogers. American soldier.... 1801 1847
Vinton, Justus Hatch. American missionarv — 18O6 1858
Vinton, Samuel Finley. American statesman 1792 1862
Viollet-Leduc, Eugene E. French architect 1814 1879
Viotti, Giovanni Battista. Italian violinist 1753 1134
Virchow, Rudolf. German pathologist 1821
Viret, Pierre. Swiss Protestant reformer 1511 1571
Virey, Julien Joseph. French physician 1775 1846
Virgil. Pribliv^ VirqiUtts Mam. Roman poet. ..B.C. 70 19
Vlriville, de, Vallet. Fr. archaeologist, author.... 1815 1868
Virot, Claude Francis. French missionary 1721 1759
Vischer, Cornells. Dutch engraver ir.io 16661
Vischer, Friedrich Theodor. German author 1.S07 1887
Vlscber Peter. German sculptor and fonuder... . 1460? UW
1822
V I S C 0 N T I — ^V A L K E R
BORN
Visconti, Euuio Qulrino. Italian archwologist. . . 1751
Vlsconti I, Matteo. The Great. Lord of Milan 1'250
Vitellius, Aulus Kmperor of Rome 15
Vitet, Ludovic. French jour., historiau, publicist 1802
Vitruyius. Marcus V. PolUu, Roman architect... 1st c.
Vittorino da Feltre. Italian educationist 1379
Vlves, Juan Luis. Spau. scholar and writer 1402
Viviani, Vincenzo. Italian mathematician 1622
Viviende, Saint Martin Louis. Fr.geo.erapher 1802
Vizcaino, Sebiistiau. Spanish navigator 1550?
Vladimir or Wladimir. Grand duke of Russia.,
Vodges, Israel. Am. soldier and educator 1816
Vodges, William. Am. law., educator, author — 1802
Voet, Gisbert. Dutch divine and scholar 1588
Vogel, Eduard. German traveler in Africa 1829
Vogler, Georg Joseph. German composer 1749
Vogt, Karl. German naturalist, physiologist 1817
Vogue, de, Charles J. Jl., Couut. Fr! archa-olbgist 1829
Vogue, de, Jean Pierre. Flemish adventurer... . 1570
Volgt, Gottfried. German author 1644
■Voigt, Johannes. German historian 1786
Voisin, Pierre Joseph. Fr. naturalist, author 1759
Voiture, Nicolas Auguste. Chilian expl., author. 1764
Voiture, Vincent. French poet 1598
Volk, Leonard Wells. American sculptor 1828
Volk, .Stephen A. D. American artist 1856
Volkhart, Wilhelm. German historical painter.. 1815
Volkmann, Alfred W. German physiologist 1801
Vollmer, Alexander Joseph. German jihilologist 1803
Vollmering, Joseph. Westnhalian artist in Am.. 1810
Volney, de, Constantin F. de C. Fr. auth, infidel 17.57
Volta, Alessandro, Count. Italian physicist 1745
Voltaire, de, Fraugois Marie Arouet. Fr. author. 1694
Volterra, da, Dauiele. Jiicciari_'iu, Ital. painter. 1509
Vondel, van den, Joost. Dutch poet 1587
Von der Decken, Charles Clans, Baron. Ger. ex.. 18;^
Von Roon, Albrecht T. E.. Count. Prussian Gen. . 1803
Von Schrader, Alexander. Ger. soldier in Am... 1821
Voorhees, Daniel W. Am. lawyer, statesman 1827
Voorhees, Philip Falkerson. Am. naval officer... 1792
Voorhies, John S. Am. publisher, bookseller 1809
Vorontsof, Mikhail. Prince. Russian general... 1782
Vbrbsmarty, MihAly. Hungarian poet 1800
Vorstius, Conrad. German Protestant divine.. .. 15()9
Vose, George Leonard. Am. civil engineer 1831
Vose, Joseph. American soldier 1738
Voss, Johann Heinrich. Ger. poet and philologist 1751
Vossius, Gerard Jan. German-Dutch philologist 1.577
Vosslus, Isaac. Dutch scholar 16IS
Vostey (ir Votey, G. H., Countde. Haytlen hist. . 1768
Vouet, Simou. French painter 1590
Voysey, Charles. Eng. rationalistic preacher 1828
Vredenourgh, Peter. American jurist 18a5
Vroom, (iarret Dorset Wall. Am. lawyer, mayor, 1843
Vroom, Peter Dumont. American statesman 1791
Vroom, Peter Dumont. American soldier 1842
Vuillefroy, de, Dominique Felix. Fr. painter^ . . . 1841
Vulpius, Christian August German writer 1762
Vyazemsky, Prince Peter Andrewich. Rus. poet. 1792
DIED
1818
1322
69
1873
B.C.
1447
1540
1708
1615
1015
1886
1676
1856
1814
1630
1682
1863
1821
1S21
1648
1876
1877
1876
ias7
1820
1827
1778
1566?
1679
1865
1879
1867
1862
1865
1856
1855
1622
1816
1.S26
1649
1688
1831
1649
1873
IS27
1879
w
Waagen, Gustave Friedrich. Ger. art critic 1794 1868
Wace, llenrv. English diviue and author 1836
Wace, Robert Master Anglo-Norman poet 1112? 1184?
Wach, Wilbelm. German painter 1787 1845
Waclller, J. F. Louis. German historian 1767 1838
Wachsmutli, Ernst Wilhelni G. Ger. author 1784 1866
Wachsmuth, Kurt. Ger. philologist I8:i7
Wachter, Johann Georg. Ger. scholar, archajol.. 1673 17.57
Wachter, von, Karl Georg. Ger. jurist 1707 1880
Wackerhagen, Augustus. Am. cl. and educator. 1774 1865
Waddel, James. Irish Presb. cl. and edu. in Am.. 1739 1805
Waddell, Alfred Moore. Am. lawyer, statesman. I.s:i4 . . , ,
Waddell, Hugh. Irish soldier in America 1734 1773
Waddell, Hugh. Am. lawyer and statesman 1799 1878
Waddell, James. American blind preacher 17.39 1.S05
Waddell, James Iredell, .\merican naval officer. 1824 1S.S6
Waddell, James Pleasants. American educator. 1801 1,867
Waddell, Moses. Am. clergyman and educator. .. 1770 1840
Waddington, George. English divine 1793 1869
Waddington, William H. Fr. arcbreol., states'n. 1.S26 .,,.
Wade, Benjamin Franklin. American Senator, . . 1800 1.878
Wade, Melancthou S. .•\m. merch. and soldier. .. 1802 1.868
Wadham, Nicholas. F'dr of college at Oxford 1610?
Wadhams, Edgar Philip. American R. C. bishop 1817 .
Wading or Wadding, Luke. Irish Cord, at Rome. 1588 1657
Wading. Peter. Irish Jesuit. Latin poet, writer. . 1580 1644
Wadington. Wm. of. Eng. writer in French fl. 1300?
Wadleigh, Bainbridge. Am. lawyer and states'n 1831 .. ,
Wadstrom, Charles B. Swed. tniv. and philan. . . 1746 1799
Wadswortn, Alexender S. Am. naval officer 1790 is.51
Wadswortti, Benjamin. Am. edu. and clergyman 1669 17.37
Wadsworth, Charles. Am. Presby. clergyman... 1814 1882
Wadsworth, Henry. American naval olhcer 1783 1.S04
Wadsworth, Jamee. American soldier 17.30 1817
Wadsworth, Jame«. American philanthropist... 1768 1844
Wadsworth, James Samuel. American general. . 1807 1864
BORN DIEB
Wadsworth, Jeremiah. American statesman 1743 ISM
Wadsworth, Marshman E. Am. scientist and edu 1847 ...
Wadsworth, Peleg. American soldier 1748 1829
Wadsworth, William. American soldier 1732 1833
Wafer, Lionel. Welsh surgeon and author 1640 1705
Waga, Theodore. Polish historian 1739 1801
. Wagenaar, John Dutch historian 1709 1773
Wagenseil, John C. German scholar, polemic... 1633 1705
Waggamann, George A. Am. lawyer, statesman. 1782 1843
Wagner, Daniel Christian. German navigator... 1501 1552
Wagner, Hermann. German geographer 1840 ....
Wagner, John. American surgeon and writer 1791 1841
Wagner, Richard. German composer 1813 1888
Wagner, Rudolph. German physiologist 1805 1864
Wagner, Rudolph Johannes. German chemist.. . 1823 1880
Wagner, Webster. Am. inventor and .-statesman.. 1817 1882
Wagner, Wilhelm. German philologist 1843 1880
Wagner, William. Am. scientist, philanthropist. 1796 1885
Wagstaff, Thomas. English nonjuring bishop 1645 1712
Wagstaff, William. Eng. phys., humorous writer 1685 1725
Wahlenberg, George. German botanist 1784 1814
Wallly, de, Charles. French architect 1729 1798
Wailly, de, Noel Francis. French grammarian. . 1724 1801
Wainwright, Jonathan M. Eng. P. E. bp., author 1793 1854
Wainwright, Jonathan M. Am. naval officer 1821 1863
Wainwright, Jonathan M., Jr. Am. naval tifficer. 1849 1870
Wainwright, Richard. American naval officer... 1817 186S
Wait, Benjamin. Canadian patriot 1813 ....
Walt, Samuel. American clergyman, educator. . . 1789 1867
Wait, William. .\m. lawyer and legal writer 1821 1880
Waite, Carlos Adolphus. American soldier 1800 1866
Waite, Catherine Van V. Can. editress, pub 1829 ....
Waite, Charles Bnrlingame. .\merican jurist 1824 ....
Waite, Henry Matsou. Am. jurist, statesman 1787 1869
Waite, Henrv Randall. Am.jonrn., clergvman.. 1845 ....
Waite, Morrfson Remich. Chief Justice of U. S. . 1816 1S88
Waithman, Robert, M. P. Ensr. alderman 1765 18.SS
Wake, Isaac. Sir. English political writer 1575? 1632
Wake, William. Abp. of Canterbury! 1716-37) 16.57 1737
Wakefield, Edward. Eng. political economist. . . 1768? 1854
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon. Eng. political econ. 1796 186*
Wakefield, Gilbert. Eng. divine aud scholar 1756 1801
Wakefield, Nan cv .\.W. Priest. Am. poetess 18:^6 lo70
Wakefield, Priscilla, Mrs. Eng. wr. of juv. w'ks.. 1750 1.832
Wakefield, Robert. Hebrew professor at Oxford. . . . 1537
Wakeley, Joseph B. .\m. clergyman, a\uhor 1804 1876
Wakley, Thomas. English surgeon and editor... 1795 1862
Walaeus, -Anthony. Dutch Protestant divine. ... 1573 1639
Wal3eus, John. i)utch anatomist 1604 1649
Walafridus. German monk, divine and poet .807 849
Walbaum, John Julius. Ger. phys. .naturalist... 1724 1799
Walbridge, -Arthur D. Am. law. ."musical corap.. 1843 1872
Walbridge, Hiram. Am. lawver, statesman 1821 1870
Walch, Christian Wilhelm F.' Ger. historian 1726 1784
Walch, John George. German divine, scholar . . 1693 1775
Walckenaer, Charles Athanase. Baron. Fr. auth. 1771 1852
Walcot, Charles M. Eng. architect and actor 1815 1868
Walcot. Charles M., Jr. American actor 1840
Walcott, Charles Doolittle. Am. scientist, writer 1850 —
Waldeck, Christian A., Prince of. Austrian geu. -1744 1798
Waldeck, de, Jean F. French explorer, scientist 1766 1875
Waldegrave, James. Second Earl of. Statesman. 1715 1763
Waldemar I. Kingof Denmark 1131 1181
Waldemar ll. (1202-41). The VMnrioun 1170 1241
Waldemar III or IV. (1326-73) called yi^frrfnp 1375
Waldeu, John M. American Methodist bishop. . . 1831 . . .
Waldensis, Thomas. Eng. Carmelite, statesman. 1367? 1430
Waldersee, von, Mary. Countess. .A.m. philanth. 1837 ....
Waldis, Burchard. German fabulist 1.554
Waldo, Albigence. American surgeon, writer 1750 1794
Waldo, Daniel. American soldier, clergyman — 1762 1864
Waldo, Francis. American statesman, loyalist, , )723 1784
Waldo, Leonard. American astronomer, scientist 1853
Waldo, Peter, of Lyons. Reformer ' 1179
Waldo, Samuel, .\merican soldier 1696 1759
Waldo, Samuel, Jr. .\merican jurist, statesman. .. 1721 1770
Waldo, Samuel Lovett. American artist 1783 1861
Waldo, Samuel Putnam. American author 1780 1826
Waldron, Edmund Q. S. Am. educator. R. C. cl.. 1812 1888
Waldron, Richard. Am. statesman and soldier. . 1615 1689
Waldron, Richard. Jr. Am. statesman, jurist. . . 1694 17.53
Waldseemiiller, Martin. German geographer 1470? nfl. 1522
Waldstein, Charles. American archieologist 1856
Wales, James Albert, .\merican cariacatnrist... 18.52 1886
Wales, John. .\m. lawyer aud statesman 1783 1863
Wales, Philip S. Am. surgeon and author l.s.37 .,,.
Wales, Salem Howe. American journalist 1.S25 —
Wales, Samuel. Am. educator and clergyman.. .. 1748 1794
Wales, William. Eng. astronomer and author 17.34 1798
Walewski. Alexandre F. J. C. Count. Fr. states. 1810 1868
Walford, (Jornelins. Eng. lawyer and publicist.. 1727 1885
Walke, Henrv. American naval officer 1808
Walkem, Georee A. Irish jurist, states, in Can.. . 18!!4 —
Walkem, Richard Thos. Ir.-Can lawyer and edu 1840 —
Walker, .\braham Joseph, American jurist 1818 1872
Walker, Alexander. Am. journalist and jurist. . 1819 —
Walker, Amasa. .\mericau political econonilst.. 1799 187i
Walker, Benj. Eng. soldier and states, in -\m... . 1753 1816
Walker, Charles Manning. American journalist. 1834
WALKER — WARD
1823
BORN DIED
Walker, Cornelius. Am. P. E. cl. and educator 1819 —
Walker, Francis Amasa. .Am. edu. and pel. ecou. ISIO ....
Walker, Freeniau. Am. lawyer aud statesman. . . 1780 1827
Walker, George. Puritan divine 1581 liial
Walker, George. Defender and bisliop of Derry I(i90
Walker, Geo., F. R. S. Dissenting divine, matho. 1734? 1807
Walker, George. Am. lawyerand statesman 17ti8 1819
Wailier, George. American lawyer and diplomat 1824 INiS
Walker, Geo. W., of Hobart Town. Quaker miu. . 1800 1859
Walker, Gilbert C. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1S32 1885
Walker, Heuderson. Am jurist aud statesman... ItiiiO 1704
Walker, Hovenden, Sir. English naval otBcer 161)0 1726
Walker, Isaac P. Am. lawyer and statesman ISIS 1872
Walker, James. Am. cl. Pres. Harvard college. 1794 1874
Walker, James Barr. Am. journalist, clergyman 1805 1887
Walker, James Bradford Richmond. American cl 1821
Walker, James Daniel. Am. lawyer, statesman. . 1830 ....
Walker, James Murdock. Am. lawyer, statesman 1813 1854
Walker, James Perkins. Am. journ., publisher.. 1829 1868
Walker, Jesse. American missionary 1760 1835
Walker, John, Rev., of Exeter 1730?
Walker, John. English lexicographer 1733 1807
Walker, John. American statesman 1744 1809
Walker, John G. Am arican naval officer 1836
Walker, John Williams. Am. lawyer and states. 178') 1823
Walker, Jonathan. American abolitionist 1799 1S78
Walker, Joseph Burbnu. Am. agriculturist 1822 ls44
Walker, Joseph Cooper. Irish w'riter 1766? 1810
Walker, Joseph Reddeford. American guide 1798 1876
Walker, Katheriue Kent C. Am. authoress 1840
Walker, Lerov Pope. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1817 1884
Walker, Obadiah, Kev. R. (J. Master Uui. Col. Ox 1616 1699
Walker, Robert. Portrait painter 1660?
Walker, Robert James. Am. ecouo. and states'n. 1801 1869
Walker, Robert John. American statesman 18ui l5o9
Walker, Samuel, Kev., of Truro. Divine 1714 1761
Walker, Sears Cook. Am. math, and astronomer 1805 1S.53
Walker, Thomas. Actor and dramatist 1098 1743
Walker, Thomas. Am. phys. and pioneer 1715 1794
Walker, Thos. Magistrate and humorist 1784 1836
Walker, Timothy. .\m. Calvauist clergyman... .1705 1782
Walker, Timothy. American jurist and states'n. 1737 1882
Walker, Timothy. American jurist and author. . 1806 1856
Walker, William. Scottish engraver 1867
Walker, William. Scottish statesman in C'an.ada 1793 1863
Walker, William. Am. lawyer and adventurer... 1824 1860
Walker, William David. Am. P. E. bishop 1839 ....
Walker, William H. T. .American soldier 1816 1864
Walker, William Johusou. Am. phys. philan 1790 1865
Walker, William McCreary. Am. naval officer. . . 1813 1866
Walker, William S. American naval officer 1793 1863
Walker, William Sydney. British poet 1795 1846
Walker-Martinez, Carlos. Chilian poet, diplo.. 1842 .. .
Wall, Ciarret D. -Am. juror aud statesman 1783 1850
Wall, James Walter. .\m. lawyer statesman 1820 1872
Wall, Martin, M. D. Professor at Oxford 1744 1824
Wallace, Alfred R, English uaturalist 1822 ....
Wallace, David. Am. lawyer and statesman 1799 1859
Wallace, D. Mackenzie. Scottish author 1841 ....
Wallace, Horace Binuey. American lawyer 1817 1852
Wallace, James, Sir. Eng. naval officer in Am 1803
Wallace, James H. Scottish soldierin Canada. . . 1807 1854
Wallace, John B. Am. lawyer and legal writer.. . 1778 1837
Wallace, John W. .\ni. law'yer aud author 1815 1884
Wallace, Lewis. American general, author . 1.S27 ....
Wallace, William, Sir. Scottish hero aud patriot 1270? 1.305
Wallace, William. Scottish mathematician 1768 1843
Wallace, William. Scot.-Can. jour., statesman.. . 1820 ....
Wallace, William , A. .\m. lawyer and statesman. 1827 ....
Wallace, William H. L. Am. soldier 1821 1862
Wallace, William James. American jurist .... 1839
Wallace, William R. Am. lawyer and poet 1819 1881
Wallace, William V. Irish musical composer.. . . 1815 1865
Wallack, James W. English-American actor 1794 1864
Wallack, John Lester. American actor 1819 1888
Wallbridge, Lewis. Canadian jurist.. . 1816 ....
Wallen, Henry Davies. .American soldier 1819 1886
Wallensteln, von, -Albrecht W. E. Austrian gen. I.5S3 1634
Waller, Edmund. English poet 1605 1687
Waller, KIwyn. .Am. chemist and writer 1846
Waller, Frank. American artist 1842 ....
Waller, John. Am. Baptist preacher.. 1741 1802
Waller, John Francis. Irish poet.... 1810 ....
Waller, John L. .American jour, and clergyman.. 1809 1854
Waller, Thomas McDonald. .Am. states., dip 1.S40 .. .
Waller, Vvilliam. Sir. English Par. general l.")97 1668
Wallerton, Charles Louis A. Fr. botanist 1721 I7a8
Walley.John. English soldier in Canada 1644 1712
Wallin, Johann O off. Swedish poet 1779 1839
Walling. Henry Francis. Am. cartographer 1825 18.S8
Wallis, Gustav. Pr\issian botanist 1830 1878
Wallis, John. English mathematician 1616 1703
Wallis, Robert. English landscape engraver 1814 1878
Wallis, Samuel. English navigator 1720 1795
Wallis, Severn Teackle. Am. lawyer, journalist. 1816 ....
Wallner, Franz. German actor ..' 1810 1876
Wallon, Henri Alexandre. French author 1812 .- .
Wallon, Louis F. Fr. Jesuit missionary, author. . 1670 1725
Walmesley, Charles. Eng. benedlc. monk, schol 1721 1797
BORN
Wain, Robert. Am. merchant and statesman. . .. 1765
Walpole, Horace, Earl of Orford. Eng. anth., wit 1717
Walpole, Robert, Earl of Orford. Eug. statesman 1676
Walpole, Spencer Horatio. English politician.. . 1806
Walsil, Beujamin D. Eug. entomologist in Am.. 1808
Walsh, John. Irish R. C. bishop in Canada 1830
Walsh, John Edward, LL.D. Jurist and author.. 1816
Walsh, John Johnson. Americau nrssionary. . . . 1820
Walsh, Michael. Irish educator aud author 1763
Walsh, Michael. Irish statesman and journalist. 1810
Walsh, Robert. Am. author and journalist 1784
Walsh, William. Irish R C. abp. in Canada 1.804
Walsh, William Shepard. Tr. com., auth. in Am 1854
Walslngham, Fraucis,Sir. English statesman.. 1.536
Walter, Johann Gottlieb. German anatomist 1735?
Walter, John. Founder of The Landun Times 1739
Walter, George William. Am. organ., composer. 1861
Walter, Nehemiah. Irish clergyman and author. 1668
Walter, Thomas. Am. clergyman and author, . .. 1696
Walter, Thomas, Englisli botanist in America... 1745
Walter, Thomas Ustick. Americau architect 1804
Walter, William. American P. E. clergyman 1737
Walter, William Bicker. American author 1796
Walter, William Henry. Am. organist, author. .. 1825
Walter, William Joseph. Eng. author in Am
Walters, William T. Am. merchant benefactor.. 1820
Walthall, Edward Gary. Am. lawyer, statesman 1831
Walther, Carl F. W. Lutheran theologian 1811
Walther, Michael. Gorman di\ine 1593'
Walther von derVogelweide. Ger. minnesinger. 1170?
Walton, Elijah. English painter 1836
Walton, Cieorge. Signer of the Dec. of Ind 1740
Walton, George E. American physician, author. 1839
Walton, Izaak. English writer 1693
Walton, William. English author 1784
Walton, William C. American clergyman 1793
Walworth, Clarence A. Am. R C. clergyman 1820
Walworth, Ellen H. Am. edncatorand author... 1832
Walworth, Elleu Hardin. American author 1858
Walworth, Jeannette R. H. American authol" 1837
Walworth, John. American pioneer 1765
Walworth, Julianna M. Wij'coj' John 1769
Walworth, Mansfield T. Am. lawyer, novelist... 1880
Walworth, Reuben Hyde. Americau jurist 1788
Walworth, Renbena H. American authoress 1867
Wanamaker, John. -Am. merchant and philan 1837
Wangenheim, von, F. T. A., Baron. Ger. nat 1747
Wanton, Joseph. American statesman 1705
Wappaus, Johann Ednard. (ier. geographer 1812
Wappers, Gustave, Baron. Belgian painter 1803
Warbeck, Perkiu. Pret.to crown of Eng. Hanged...
Warburton, Eliot Bartholome\v G. Irish author 1810
Warburton, Cieorge. Irish author in Canada 1812
Warburton, ^^'illiam. Eng. prelate, bp. aud author 1698
Ward, Aaron. Americau lawyer aud statesman.. 1790
Ward, Adolphus Wm. Eng. w'r on his. aud lit... 1837
Ward, Anna Ludia. American compiler 1850
Ward, Artemas. Am. Revolutionary general 1727
Ward, .Artemas. American jurist aud statesman. 1762
Ward, Artemus (pseudo.) See Browne, Chas. F'
Ward, Christopher L. Am. lawyer and publisher 1807
Ward, Durbin. American lawyer anu statesman. 1819
Ward, Edward Matthew. British painter 1816
Ward, Elijah. American statesman 1816
Ward, Emily Elizabeth. English artist 1805
Ward, Ferdinand de Willon. .Am. missionary 1812
Ward, Frederick T. Am. merch., sold, in China. 1831
Ward, Genevieve. Am. vocalist and actress 18.33
Ward, Henry. American statesman 1732
Ward, Henry Augustus. Am. paheoutologist . . .1834
Ward, Henry George, Sir. Eng. diplomat, author 1796
Ward, Horatio. Am. banker aud benefactor 1810
Ward, James Harman. Am. naval officer 1806
Ward, James Warner. Am.edn. journalist, poet. 1817
Ward, John. Eug. P. E. clergyman in America... 1606
Ward, John. Am'^erican soldier aud author 1838
Ward, John EUiott. Am. statesman, diplomat. .. 1814
Ward, John Henry Hobart. Americau soldier... 1823
Ward, .lohu Qulncy Adams. Americau sculptor... 1830
Ward, Julia Rush. American poetess 1796
Ward, Julius H. Am. P. E. cleigymau. journalist 1837
Ward, Lester Frank. Americau scientist 1841
Ward, Levi. American physician aud banker. , . . 1771
Ward, Marcus L. Am. statesman, philanthropist 1812
Ward, Mary Augusta. English novelist 1851
Ward, Matt Flourney. American author 1826
Ward, Matthias. .American statesman 1800
Ward, Nancv. Indian prophetess 1740
Ward, Nathaniel. Eng. P. E. clergyman, author.. 1578
Ward, Nathaniel B. Eug. surgeon and liotauist
Ward, Richard American colonial governor 1689
Ward, Richard H. Am. physician, microscopist 1837
Ward, Robert Plumer. Eug. author and publicist 1765
Ward, Samuel. American statesman 1725
Ward, Samuel. American soldier 1756
Ward, Samuel. Am. banker aud benefactor 1786
Ward, Samuel. American banker and poet 1814
Ward, Thomas. Am. poet aud musical composer 1807
Ward, Thomas. American A. M, E. bishop 1823
DIED
1836
1797
1745
1869
1869
1884
1840
1859
1859
1858
1590
1818
1812
1750
1725
1800
1887
1800
1822
i846
1887
1662
1228T
1880
1804
168^
1857
1834
1812
185S
1873
1867
1800
1780
1879
1874
1497 '
1862
l.>-57
1779
1867
1800
1847
1879
1888
1879
1882
1862
i797
1860
186S
1861
1693
1861
1884
1862
18SI
1868-
176S
i845
1776
1882
1839
l!-f4
IS'iS
1824
WARD— WEBB
BORN
Ward, Thomas Humphrey. English writer 1Mb
Ward, William George. English theologian 1812
Ward, William Greene. Am. banker and soldier. Ia32
Ward, William Hayes. Am. Assyriologist 1835
Ward, William Thomas. Am. soldier and lawyer 1808
Warden, David Bailie. Irish-Am. diploma, uuth- 1778
Warden, Robert Bruce. Am. jurist and author. . 1824
Warder, John Aston. American pomologist 1812
Warder, Robert Bowne. Am. cbemist, educator. 1848
Wardlaw, Ralph. Scottish theologian 1779
Ware, Ashur. American statesman and jurist 1782
Ware, Henry. Am. cl. and prof, of divinity 1764
Ware, Henry. Jr. American clergyman 1794
Ware, John.' American physician,*educator 1795
Ware, John Fothergill W. Am. Unitariau cl 1S18
Ware, Katheriue Augusta. American poetess... 1797
Ware, Mary Greene 0. American authoress 1818
Ware, Mary Lovell Pioltard. Am. philauthropist 1798
Ware, Nathaniel A. Am. educator, lawyer, auth. 1789
Ware, Nicholas. Am. lawyer aud statesman.... 17119
Ware, William. American author 1797
Ware, William Robert. American architect 18S2
Warenam, William. Eng. arch, and statesman
Warfield, Catherine Ann. American authoress. . 1816
Warfield, Eleauor Percy W. L. Am. authoress... 1820
Waring, Edward. English mathematician. ...... 1736
Waring, George E. Am. agricul., sanitarian 1833
Waring, Geo. E. American author and engineer 1833
Warner, Adoniram Judson. Am. soldier, states'n. 1834
Warner, Anna Bartlett. American authoress — 1820
Warner, Charles Dudley. American author 1829
Warner, Hiram. Am. jurist aud statesman 1802
Warner, Olin Levi. Americau sculptor 1844
Warner, Seth, Colonel. Am. Revolutionary officer 1743
Warner, Susan. American novelist 1819
Warner, Willard. American merchant, states'n. 1825
Warner, William. Am. lawyerand statesman 1840
Warner, Zebedee, .-Vm. cleigyman and author, . 1833
Warnier, Augu^te Humbert. "Fr. schol., author 1810
Warren, Cyrus M. Am. chem., educator, inventor 1824
Warren, Edward. American physician 1804
Warren, Fitz-Henry, Am. statesman, diplomat. . 1816
Warren, George W. Am. organist, mus. composer 1S28
Warren, Gouverneur Kenible. American general 1830
Warren, Henry. British author and painter 17D8
Warren, Henry White. Am. educator,^M. E. bp. . 1831
Warren, Ira. Can. journalist and author 1806
Warren, Israel Perkins. Am. edu. aud clergyman 1814
Warren, James Am. Revolutionary leader. 1726
Warren, Jeremiah Mason. Am. surgeon and w'r. 1810?
Warren, John. American physician 1753
Warren, John Borlase, Sir. English admiral 1754
Warren, John Collins. Am. phys. aud anatomist 1778
Warren, John Collins. .\m. phys. edu. and auth. 1842
Warren, Jonathan Mason. Am', phys. and surg. 1811
Warren, Joseph, Gen. Am. physician and patriot 1741
Warren, Joseph Am. journalist and educator 1829
Warren, Josiah. American reformer 1799
Warren, Lott. American statesman and jurist... 1797
Warren, Minnie. American dwarf 1849
Warren, Nathan Bonghton. Am. architect, auth. 1805
Warren, Peter, Sir. British admiral 1703
Warren, Samuel. English author 1807
Warren, Samuel Edward. Am. edu. and author. 1831
Warren, Samuel Prowse. Canadian organist 1841
Warren, William. English actor 1767
Warren, William, Jr. American comedian 1812
Warren, William. Am. Cong, cl. and educator . 1806
Warren, William Fairfield. Am. educationist.. . 1833
Warriner, Francis. Am. edu. aud clergyman 1805
Warrington, Lewis. American naval officer 1782
Warton, Joseph. English poet and critic 1722
Warton, Thomas. Eng. poet laureate and critic . 1728
Warwick, John D.,Earl of. Duke of Northum'land 1602
Warwick, Richard Neville. Earl of. Eng. warrior 1420?
Washburn, Emory. Am. jurist, states'n, author.. \s{n)
Washburn, Cadwallader C. Am. lawyer. philan.. 1818
Washburn, Charles Ames. Am. journ.. dip., inv. 1822
Washburn, Edward Abel. Am. Cong, clergyman 1S19
Washburn, George. Americau missionary 1X33
Washburn, Henry S . Am. statesman, journalist. 1813
Washburn, Israel. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1813
Washburn, Peter Th acher. Am. lawyer, states'n I8I4
Washburn, William B. .Am. statesman, philan. . 1820
Washburn, William D. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1831
Washburne, Elihu Benjamin. Am. statesman 1816
Washington, Booker T. American educator 1856
Washington, Bushrod. Am. jurist and states.. . 1762
Washington, George. Gen. First pres. of theU. S. 1732
Washington, John Augustine. Am. soldier ...... 1821
Washington, John Marshall. American soldier . 1797
Washington, Lewis William. American planter.. 1825
W?.3hington, Martha. Wife of PrcsUlciit Omrqe , . . Viyi
Washington, William. Am. soldier and states... 1752
Washington, W. D. American painter 1,**70
Wasson, David Atwood. American clergyman... 1823
Watelet, Claude Henri. French artist, writer 1718
Waterbury, David. American soldier 1722
Waterbury, Jared Bell. Am. cl. and author 1799
DIED
1882
1878
1845
is83
is53
1873
1845
1843
1864
1881
1843
1849
1854
1821
1852
1532
1877
1819
1798
1784
1S85
1876
1878
1883
i864
1808
1867
1815
1822
1866
1867
1775
1S76
1874
1861
1878
1752
1877
1832
1888
1879
1866
1361
1800
1790
1.568
1471
1877
1882
1881
1883
1870
1887
1387
1829
1799
1S61
1853
1871
1802
1810
1887
17S6
1801
1676
BOHN DIEB
Waterhouse, Benjamin. Am. physician, author. 1754 1846
Waterlo, Antbouie. D. printer, eng. . 1609 tjr ItilO after IVX
Waterman, Elijah. Am. educator, clergyman 1769 1825
Waterman, Marcus. .American artist 18S4 ...
Waterman, Robert Whitney. American states.. . 1826 1891
Waterman, Sigismnnd. Bavarian med. w'r in Am 1819
Waterman, Thomas Glasby. Am. jurist statesm'n 1788 1862
Waterman, Thomas W. Am. lawyer, legal writer 1821 ...
Waters, Henry Fitz-Gilbert. Am. genealogist 1833 ....
Waters, Nicholas Baker. American physician 1764 1796
Waters, Robert. Scottish edu., author in Am. .. . 1835 ....
Waterston, Robert Cassie. Am. Unitarian clerg. 1812
Waterton, Charles. English naturalist and trav.. 1782 1865
Watie, Stand. American soldier 1815 1877
Watkins, Louis Douglas. American soldier 18K 1808
Watkins, Samuel. American benefactor 1794 1880
Watkins, Tobias. American surgeon, journalist. . 17S0 JB55
Watkins, William B. Am. clergyman, philologist 1S34
Watkinson, David. Eng. philauthropist in Amer. 1778 1857
Watmough, James H. American naval officer 1822
Watmough, John Goddard. American soldier. .. , 1793 JJB61
Watmough, Pendleton G. American naval officer 1828
Watson, Alfred A. Am. lawyer and p. E. bishop.. IS18
Watson, Benjamin F. American lawyer, soldier.. 1826
Watson, Beriah A. Am. surgeon, medical writer. 1836
Watson, Brook, Sir. English commissary 1735 1807
Watson, Ebeuezer. American journalist 1744 1777
Watson, Elkanah. American agriculturist 1758 1842
Watson, Henry Clay. Am. journalist and author 1,S31 1869
Watson, Henry Cood. Eng. mus. crit.. com. in Am 1816 1875
Watson, James Craig. American astronomer 1838 1880
Watson, James Madison. Am. law. edu. aud auth 1827
Watson, James Muir. American naval officer 1808 1878
Watson, James V. Eng. M. E. cl., author in Am.. JS14 1866
Watson, John. Irish phys. edu., author in Am... 1807 1863
Watson, John Fanning. American author 1779 1860
Watson, John Tadwell. English soldier 1718 1B26
Watson, John Whitaker. American T'oet 1834
Watson, Paul Barron. Am. lawyer and author. . . 1861 ....
Watson, Richard. Eng. prelate, bp. and author.. 1737 1816
Watson, Sereno. American botanist 18'i6 1892
Watson, Walker. Scottish song writer 1854
Watson, William. Am. educator and author 1834
Watson, William Henry. Am. phys. and author. . 4829
Watson, William R. Am. lawyer and politician.. 1799 1864
'Watson, Wiuslow Cossoul. American author 1803
Watt, James. Scottish inventor 1736 1819
Watteau, Autoine. French painter 1684 1721
Watteau, Boudoin Louis. Fr.exp. and author... 1570 1627
'Matters, John. American naval officer 1831 1874
Waiters, William. American M.E. clergyman.. . 1751 1829
Watterson. Harvey McGee. Am. journ., lawyer.. 1811 ....
Watterson, Henry. American journalist 1840 ....
Watterson, John Ambrose. American R. C. bp. . 1&14 ....
Watterston, George. Am. lawyer and author 1783 1854
Watts, David. American lawyer 1764 1819
Watts, Frederick. Welsh soldier in America 1719 1798
Watts, Frederick. American jurist ISOl ....
Watts, George Frederick. English painter 1820 ....
Watts, Henry Miller. American lawyerand dip. 1805 ....
Watts, Isaac. Eng. dissenting minister aud poet. 1674 1748
Watts, John. American loyalist 1715 1789
Watts, John. Jr. Americau statesman 1749 1836
Watts, Robert. Am. physician and educator 1S12 1867
Watts, Robert. Irish cl. and educator in .\m 1820 ...
Watts, Stephen. American educator and lawyer. 1743 1788
'Watts, Thomas. English linguist and author 1811 1869
Watts, Thomas Hill. American lawyer and states 1819 ...
'Waugb, Beverly. American M. E. bishop 1789 3858
Waugh, Edwin. English writer 1818 1890
Waul, 'Thomas N. Am. jurist and statesman 1815
Wauters, Emile. Belgian painter 1845
Way , Andrew John Henry. American artist 1826 1888
Wayland, Francis. Am. divine and moral philo. . 1796 1865
Wayland, Francis. Am. jurist and statesman.... 1826 ....
'Wayland, George Brevitt. American artist 1854
Wayland, Heman L. Am. educator and clerg. ... . 1830 ...
Wayman, Alexander W. Am. A.M. E. bp., author 1821
Wayne, Anthony. Am. Revolutiouary-geueral. . . 1745 1796
Wayne, Henry (J. Am soldier and author 1815 1883
'Wayne, Isaac. Am. lawyer aud statesman 1770 1852
'Wayne, James M. Am. 'jurist and statesman 1790 1867
Wayne, William. .\m. soldier aud statesman 1828 ....
Wead, Charles Kassou. Am. scientist and author 1848 ....
Weakley, Robert. Am. pioneer aud statesman... 1764 1845
Weare, Meshecli. American jurist and statesman 1713 1786
Weathersford , William. American Indian chief 1770 1824
'Weaver, Aaron Ward. Americau naval officer. . 1832 . , .
Weaver, George Sumner. Am. lawyer, clergyman 3818 ...
Weaver, James B. Am. lawyerand statesman... 1833 ..
Weaver, Jonathan. American bishop '. 1824 ..
Weaver, William Augustus. Am. naval officer.. . . 1797 1846
Webb, Alexander Stewart. American general . . 1835 ....
Webb, Charles. American soldier 1724 1794
Webb, Charles Henry. Am. journalist, author . 1834
'Webb, George James, Eng. organist, edu. in Am. 1803 1887
Webb, Henry Livingston. Am. states'n, soldier. 1795 1876
Webb, James. American jurist and statesman . . 1792 1866
Webb, James Watson. American journalist.. . 1802 1884
\V E c B — W H A R T 0 N
1825
BOKN
Wdbb, John. Rev. Eng. musical comp audantiq- 1776
Webb. John Russell. Am. educator aud author. .. 16^
Webb, Samuel Blatc-hley. Americau soldier 1753
Webb, Thomas. Eug. M. E. evaiigelist iu Am... . 1724
Webb, Thomas Smith. Am. Mssouic author, mtia 1771
Webb, Thomas T. American naval offlctr 1806
Webb, William B. American lawyer, legal writer. ISVi
Webb, William Henry. American ship-builder... . 1816
Webber, Charles W. American journalist, author 1819
Webber, Samuel. American educator, author.... 1759
Webber, Samuel, Jr. Am. phys, educator, poet... 1797
Weber, Albrecht F. German Sanskrit scholar. . . 1825
Weber, Angust. German landscape painter 1817
Weber, Ernst Heinrich. German physiologist 1705
Weber, Georg. German historian ISOS
Weber, Gustav C. E. Prussian phys.. jour, in Am. 1S28
Weteer, Max. German soldier in America Iii24
Weber, Paul. German artist in America 1S23
Weber, von, Carl M. F. E., Baron. Ger. mus. com 1786
Webster, -Albert Falvey. American author 1S4S
Webster, -Augusta. English poet 1810
Webster, Daniel. American statesman, orator 17S2
Webster, Ebenezer. .A.m. pioneer and statesman.. 1739
Webster, Ezekiel. .\merican lawyer, statesman.. 1780
Webster, Fletcher. .American lawyer, statesman. 1813
Webster, Harrison Edwin. American educator.. . 1*11
Webster, Horace, .\merican educator. 1794
Webster, James. Euj^lish soldier in America 17-13
Webster, John. English dramatist fl. 17'
Webster, John Adams. American naval officer... 1785
Webster, John Adams. Am. revenue officer 1823
Webster, John White. Am. chemist and educator 179.3
Webster, Joseph Dana. Am. soldier and engineer 1811
Webster, Joseph Philbriek. Am. mus. and com . 1S20
Webster, Nathan B. Am. educator and inventor. 1821
Webster, Xoah. American lexicographer 173S
Webster, Pelatiah. Am. political econ., author. . 1725
Webster, Richard. .4m. clergyman and author . 1811
Webster, Warren. American surgeon and author 1835
Wedderburn, Alex., Earl of Rosslyn. Brit, states 1733
Wedgewood, Josiah. English potter 1730
Weed, Edwin Gardner. American P. E. bishop... 1S:>7
Weed, Stephen Hinsdale. American soldier 1S;}4
Weed, Thuilow. American joamalist 1797
Weedon, George. American soldier 1730
Weekes, Henry. British sculptor 1807
Weeks, Edwin Lord. American artist 1S49
Weeks, John M. American inventor and author . 1788
Weeks, Robert Kelly. American lawyer, poet. . 1840
Weeks, William R. .\ra. clergyman and author. .1783
Weems, Mason Locke. .American historian 1760
Weeninx, Jan Baptist. Dutch painter. , 1621
Weidemeyer, John W. American entomolc^st. .. 1819
Weidner, Revere F. Am. clergyman, educator .. 1851
Weightman, Richard H. Am. soldier.atatesman. 1818
Weightman, Roger C. Am. printer and librarian 1786
Weil, Gustav. German orientalist 1808
Weilen, Joseph. German poet 1830
Weir, Harrison W. Eng. art w'r on nat. history. . 183*
Weir, John Ferguson. American artist IStl
Weir, Julian .4lden. American artist 1853
Weir, Robert Walter. American painter isftj
Weisbacb, Julius. Mathematician 1806
Welshaupt, Adam. Ger canonist and hnmanifn. 1748
Weiss, or Weitzius, George M. Ger. cl. in Am 1697
Weiss, John. American clergyman and author. . . 1818
Weiss, Lewis. Jurist and legal writer in America 1717
Weiss, Susan Archer T. American authoress 1835
Weisse, John A. French edu. and phys. in Am 1810
Weitzel, Godfry. American soldier 1835
Welby, Amelia B. Coppuek. American poetess . 1SI9
Welch, Adonijah S. .\m. Senator and author 1821
Welch, Bartholomew Trow. Am. Baptist cl 1791
Welch, John. Am. jurist, inventor and author.. . 1805
Welch, Johnson. Am. Presbyterian clergyman. 1.S09
Welch, Moses Cook. .Am. educatorand clergyman 1825
Welcker, Friedrich Gottlieb. Ger. archa?ol6gist 17M
Welcker, Karl T. German publicist and professor 1790
Weld, .Angelina E. Grimke. American reformer. . 1.S05
Weld Charles R Eng. traveler and author in .Am. 1818
Weld, Horatio H. Am. journalist and clergyman 1.S11
Weld, Isaac. Irish traveler and author in Am 17R4
Weld, Lewis. American educator 1749
Weld, Theodore D. .Am. abolitionist, educator . 1S03
welde, Thomas. English P. E clergyman in Am 1590
Weldon, Charles W. Can. la-wyer and statesman.. 18.30
Weldon, Richard C. Can. lawyer and educator l.<49
Wellboon, Marshall. J. Am. jurist and clergyman. ISOR
Weller, George, Am. P. E. clergyman, journalist. 1790
Weller, John B. .Am. statesman and soldier 1812
Welles, Edward Randolph. .Am. edu.. P. E. bp. 1830
Welles, Gideon. Secretary of the Navy, r S 1802
Welles, Noah. Am. educator aAd clergyman.. .1718
Welles, Thomas. Eng. colonJel governor In Am . 1.t98
Wellesley, Richard C , Marq. British statesman. 1760
WeUhansen, Julius. German Biblical critic. . .-. 1.S44
Welling, fames Clarke. American educator 1825
Wellington, Arthur Mellen. Am. civil eng., anth. 1847
Wellington, Arthur W. First duke of. Brit, gen 1769
1>I£D
1869
1SS7
1!«7
1796
1819
1853
1356
1810
1880
1878
1SS8
1828
1876
i852
1806
1828
1862
1871
1781
the.
1886
1873
1850
1876
1S75
18(3
1795
1856
1805
1795
1S63
1882
1790
1877
i858
1876
IStS
18-S
I6«0
1861
1876
1889
1871
18.30
1763
1679
1796
1888
1884
1852
1S70
1837
1S68
1869
lSli9
1888
l!i5«
1853
1662
1874
1841
1875
1.888
1878
1776
1660
1842
18B3
BOEX
Wells, Charles J. English author 1800?
Wells, Charlotte Fowler. Am. phrenolo^st, edu. 1814
Wells, Clark Heurj'. American naval ofiicer 1822
Wells, Darius. Inventor of wood type 1800
Wells, David Ames. American economist 1828
Wells, Era? tus. American statesman 1823
Wells, Henry. Am. expressman and benefac.or.. . 1805
Wells, Henry Horatio. Am. lawyer, statesman... 1823
Wells, Horace. American dentist 1815
Wells, John. American lawyer 1770
Wells, John Sullivan. Am. lawyer and statesman 1803
Wells, Robert. Scot, book-seller and journalist... 1728
Wells, Samuel- American jurist aud statesman. . ISOl
Wells, Samuel Roberts. American phrenologist. . 1S20
Wells, Walter. American educator and author. . . 1830
Wells, William. American soldier 1770
Wells, William. American soldier 18S7
Wells, William Charles. Am. surgeon, aud scien. 1757
Wells, William Harvey. Am. edu. and author 1812
Wells, William Hill. American statesmau 1760
Wells, William Vincent. Am. diplo. and author. . 1826
Wellstood, James. American engraver 1855
Wellstood, lohn Geikie. Scot, engraver in Am.... 1813
Wellstood, William. Scot, engraver iu America.. 1819
Welsh, -Alfred Hix. Am. educator and author 1850
Welsh, John. American financier and diplomat.. 1805
Welsh, Thomas. American soldier 1,S24
Welsh, William. Am. journalist and philan 1810
Welsler, Bartholomeus Prince. German banker. 1475
Welton, Richajd. Eng. nonjuring bishop in Am.. 1675
Wemyss, Francis C. Eng. theatrical man. in Am. 1797
Wemyss, Francis W. c. Earl of. Eng. politician. 1818
Wenceslaus. Emperor of Germany 1361
Wendell, John Lansing. Am. law. and legal w'r.. 17S3
Wentworth, Benning. Gov. of New Hampshire. 1696
Wentworth, John. American statesman 1671
Wentworth, John. American jurist 1719
Wentworth, John, Sir. yepheir of B. Gov. of K. H 1737
Wentworth, John. Am. lawyer and statesman... 1745
Wentworth, John. Am. lawyer and legal writer. . 1768
Wentworth, John. American journalist 1815
Wentworth, Joshua. .American soldier 1742
Wentworth, Tapiian. Am. lawyer, statesman 1802
Wentworth, William. English colonist in .Am... . 1615
Werden, Heed. American naval officer 1818
Werder, von, -August. German geueral 1808
Wereat, John. American patriot and statesman.. 1730
Wergeland, Henrik Arnold. Nonvegian poet 1808
Werner, Abraham Gottlob. German geologist 1750
Werner, Friedrich Ludwig Z. German dramatist 1768
Wernwjic, Lewis. Ger. civ. eng.. inveu. in Am 1769
Wertmnller, Adolph C. Swedish artist in .Am 1751
Wesley, Charles. English preacher, hymn writer 1708
Wesley, John. English founder of Methodism 1703
Wessells, Henry Walton. American soldier 1809
West, Benjamin. American astronomer, author. . 1730
West, Benjamin. American painter in England. . 1738
West, Benjamin. American lawyer, statesman 1746
West, Charles W. American me'rch., benefactor. . 1810
West, George. Eng. manufacturer, jourualist. .. . 1823
West, Joseph Rodman. .Am. soldier. Senator 1822
West, Lionel Sackville. English dip. in .America. 1827
West, Mary -Allen. Am. educator, journalist 1837
West, Nathaniel. Irish Presby. clergyman in Am 1794
West, Samuel. American Uni'tarian clerg>-man . . 1730
West, Stephen. Am. Cong, clerg. and author 17.35
West, William. American P. E. clergyman 1739
West, William Edward. American artist
WestaU. Richard. Eng. painter in water colors. .
Westcott, Brooke Foss. English theologian
Westcott, James D. Am. lawyer and statesman. .
Westcott, James Diament. A'm. soldier, jurist...
Westcott, Thompson. Am. lawyer, journalist... .
Westerlo, Eilardus. D. Ref. clergyman in Am...
Westerlo, Rensselaer. American Congressman...
Westerman, Autoine. German philologis'
Westermann, Hans. .Alsatian explorer, author..
Western, Pauline Lucille. American actress
Westmacott, Richard R. English sculptor
Weston, Edward. English electrician
Weston, Henry Griggs. .Am. clerg. and educator.
Weston, Mary Catharine N. Am. authoress
Weston, Sullivan Hardy. Am. P. E. clergyman. . .
Weston, Thomas. English adventurer
Westwood, John Obadiah. English entomologist
Wetherall, George Augustus. Sir. Eng. soldier.. .
Wetherill, Charles M. -Am. chemist and author. .
Wetherill, Samuel. Am. Quaker preacher
Wetherill, Samuel. American inventor, soldier..
Wetmore, James. .Am. Congregational clergyman
Wetmore, Prosper M. Am. merchant and author.
Weymer, Marguerite Georges. Fr. tragedienne. .
Wlialley, Edward. Eng. regicide in America
Wharey, James. .American clerg^'man, educator.
Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth. .Am. authoress. ..
Wliarton, Charles H. .Am. clergyman and author..
Wharton, Francis. Am. theologian and jurist
Wharton, Franklin. American soldier
Wliarton, Gabriel C. Am. lawyer and soldier
•65
825
802
839
820
806
660
843
798
;8oO
820
822
816
575
SUo
■8.9
825
36
:82l
695
798
7,S6
620
89
815
•48
820
.767
DIED
1879
ISSS
1875
1878
isis
1823
1860
1794
1868
1875
1881
1813
isi7
1885
1829
iiso
1886
1863
1878
1559
1726
1859
i419
1861
1770
1730
1781
1820
1187
1816
18SS
1809
1875
1697
1886
1887
1798
1845
1817
1623
1843
1811
1788
1791
1813
].'^20
1817
1884
1864
1807
1819
1791
1857
1836
1880
iJS8
1790
1851
1870
1721
1877
1872
1882
1887
1024
1868
18n
1816
1760
1876
1867
1678
1842
i833
1889
1818
1887
1826
WHARTON — WHITTAKER
BOEK DIED
■Wharton, Henry. English cl.. ecclesiastical wr. li;6i 1B95
Wharton, Jesse. American lawyer and statesman 1760 1833
Wharton, Joseph. American merchant 1707 1776
Wharton, Joseph. American patriot 1733 1S16
Wharton, Joseph. Am. manufacturer and eciu... 18:2f> ....
Wharton, Philip, Dnke of. Eug. orator and poet.. 1098 1731
Wharton, I'hili]! Fishbourue. American artist... 1841 1S8U
Wharton, Robert. Am. statesman and soldier 1757 1834
Wharton, Samuel. Am. merch. imd statesman. . . 1732 IsOO
Wharton, Thomas. English anatomist 1010? 1673
Wharton, Thomas, Marquis of. Eng. statesman. . lO^O? 1715
Wharton, Thomas. American governor 1735 1778
Wharton, Thomas Isaac. Am. lawyer, legal writer 1701 1856
Wharton, Thomas Isaac. American author 1859 ....
Whatcoat, Richard. Eng. M. E. bishop in .Am 1730 1806
Whately, Richard. Abp. of Dublin and author.. . 1787 1803
Wheat, John ThomaF. Am. P. E. clergyman 1800 1888
Wheatley, Chas. M. Eng. mineralogist in Am 1822 18S2
Wheatley, Phillis. Am negro jioetess, born Afr. . 1753 1784
Wheatley, Sarah. Canadian actress In America.. 1790 1854
Wheatley, William. American actor 1816 1876
Wheaton, Frank. American soldier 1833
Wheaton, Henry. Am. publicist, diplomatist 1785 1848
Wheaton, Nathaniel S. .4m. P. E. cl., education. . 1792 1862
Wheaton, Robert. American am hor 1826 1851
Wheatstone, Charles, .Sir. English physicist 1802 1875
Whedon, Daniel D. Am. M. E. clergyman, author 1808 1885
Wheeler. .Andrew Carpenter. Am.jo rnalist 1835
Wheeler, Charles S, American scholar, author... 1816 1843
Wheeler, David H. Am. diplomat and author 1829
Wheeler, Dorr.. American artist.. 1858
Wheeler, George JM. Americau surveyor, scientist 1S42
Wheeler, John H. Am. diplomat and historian.. . 1806 1882
Wheeler, Joseph. Am. sol., lawyer and statesman IS.30 . .
Wheeler, Junius Brutus. Am. sol and engineer. , 1830 1886
Wheeler, Nathaniel. Am. iuv., nuiuuf. and states 1820
Wheeler, Orlando Belina. American astronomer 1835
Wheeler, Samuel. Americau blacksmith 1742 1S20
Wheeler, Thomas. English soldier in America. . . 1620 1686
Wheeler, William Adolphns. Am. lexicographer. 1833 1874
Wheeler, William Almon. 19th Vice-Pres. of U.S 1819 1887
Wheelock, Charles. Am. soldier and benefactor. 1812 1865
Wheelock, Eleazar. 1st vice pres. of Dartmouth C 1711 1779
Wheelock, John. Am. soldier and educator 1754 1817
Wheelock, Joseph A. Nova Scotian journ. in .Am. 1831
Wheelock, Julia Snsau Am. hospital nurse 1833 ....
Wheelock, Merrill G. Am. artist, arc'iitect, w'r 1866
Wheelright, John. Anglo-Am. cl. Fd. of E.xeter.. 1592 1679
Wheelwright, John Tvler. Am. law. and author. 1856
Wheelwright, William. Am. capitalist, diplomat 1798 1873
Wheildon, William W. Am. journalist author.... 1805
Whelan, Charles. Irish R. C. clergyman in Am... 1745 1809
Whelan, James. Irish R, C. bishop in America.... 1823 1S7S
Whelan, Peter. Irish missionary in America 1800 1871
Whelan, Richard V. Am. R. C. bishop, educator. 1809 1.S74
Whelpley, James D. Am. physician, journalist... 1817 1872
Whelpley, Philip M. Am. Presby. clergyman 1792 1824
Whelpley, Samuel. Am. Pre-by. cl. and author.. . 1766 1S17
Whewell, William. Eng. philosopher, scholar 1794 1866
Whipple, -Abraham. American naval oflicer 17.53 1SI9
Whipple, Amiel Weeks. American soldier 1818 1863
Whipple, John Adams. American inventor 1822 ....
Whipple, Edwin P. American essayist and critic 1819 1886
Whipple, Henry Benjamin. Am. P. E bishop 1822 ...
Whipple, Squire. Am. civil engineer, inventor. . 1801 1888
Whipple, William Denison. American soldier 1856
Whistler, George Wajhi--»ton. Am. eneineer 1800 1849
Whistler, George W. Am. engineer. R. R. snpt. . . 1822 1869
Whistler, Jnnies A. McNeill. American artist 18.34
Whistler, John. Irish soldier in America 1756
Whistler, Joseph N.G. American soldier 1822
Whistler, William. American soldier ]7,so 1863
Whlston, William. English divine mathematic'u 1667 1752
Whitaker, Alexander. Eng. P. E. clergyman in Am 1.585
Whitaker, Daniel Kimball. Am. lawyer, ionr 1801 1881
Whitaker, Epher. Am. Presb. cl. and author 1820
Whitaker, Lily C. .American po tess 18.50
Whitaker, Mary Scrimzeonr. American authoress 1820 . .
Whitaker, Nathaniel. .American Presb. clergyman 17S2 1795
Whitaker, Ozi William. Am. P. E. bishop. ." 1830
Whitalier, Walter C. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1R2.3 1887
Whitcher, Frances Miriam. American authoress. 1811 1.8.52
Whitcomb, James. American lawverstatesman .. 1795 1.8.52
Whitcomh, John. American soldier 1720 1.812
White, -Albert Smith. Am. jurist and statesman.. 1.803 1864
White, -Alexander. American statesman 1738 1804
White, -Alexander. Scottish merch.. florist in Am. l.su 1872
White, -Alexander. -Am. lawyer and statesman. ... 1816
White, -Andrew. Eng. Jesuit and author 1.579 1656
White, -Andrew Dickson. American educator 1.8.32 ..
White, -Anthony Walton. American soldier 17.50 1803
White, Charles. American Presb. clergyman 1795 1861
White, Charles Abiathar. American geologist ... 1826
White, Charles Ignatius. Am. R. C. cl., and journ 1807 1877
White, Daniel Appleton. Am. statesman, author. 1776 1861
White, David Nye. Am. journ. and statesman 1805 1.888
White, Edward Brickell. Am. soldier and arch. . 1806 1882
White, Edward Douglas. Am. jurist, statesman. . 1845 ....
White, Edwin. American artist 1817 1877
.,„ . BORN DIED
White, Emerson Elbridge. Am. edu. and author. 1829
White, Emory Calvin. -Am. trav. and ethnologist ISSS
White, Francis J. American soldier 1^42 1876
White, George Leonard. American educator 1838 . ..
White, George Savage. Eng. P. E. cl. and author. 1784 1839
White, Harry. Am. lawyer, soldier and states.. 1834
White, Henry. Am. Cong, clergyman, author 1790 1858
White, Henry Clay. Am. educator and chemist.. 1850
White, Henry Kirke. English poet 17S5 1806
White, Horace. Am. journalist and author 1834
White, Hugh. American soldier 1737 is22
White, Hugh Lanson. Am. jurist and statesman. 1773 1849
White, Israel Charles. Am. geologist and writer. 1848
White, James. -Am. pioneer and stp^esman 1737 1815
White, John. Eng. P. E. clergyman and colonist. 1575 1648
White, John. Welsh lawyer and Scatesman 1590 1045
White, John. American clergyman and author... 1677 1760
White, Johu. English soldier in America 1780
White, Job u. American jurist and Statesman 1805 1845
White, Johu Blake. Am. artist and dramatist 1781 1869
White, John Silas. Am. educator and author 1847
White, John Williams. Am. educator and author 1849
White, Joseph Blanco. Eng. author, born in Si)ain 1775 1841
White, Joseph M. -American lawyer and statesman 1781 1839
White, Julius. American soldier I8I6 1890
White, Uctavius A. -Am. phys.. inventor and writer 1826
White, Peregrine. First wh'ite child born iu N.Eng 1620 1704
White, Phillips. American statesman 1730 1783
White, Pliny Holton. Am. lawyer and statesman 1822 1869
White, Richard. Can. journalist, philanthropist.. 1884
White, Richard Grant. American author 1821 1885
White, Robert Gray. American jurist, statesman. 1807 1875
White, Samuel. American statesman 1770 1809
White, Stanford. American architect 1853
White, Stephen A'an C. Am. lawyer and banker. . 1881 . .
White, Thomas. Can. journalist and statesman.. 1830 1888
White, William. Am. P. E. bishop and author 1748 183«
White, William. English official in Canada 18;i0
White, William C. Am. lawyer and dramatist 1777 1818
White, William N. American horticulturist 1819 1867
Whiteaves, Joseph F. Eng. naturalist iu Canada.. 18.35
Whitefield, Geoige. Eng. Methodist preacher 1714 177»
Whitehead, Corilaudt. Americau P. E. bishop... 1842
Whitehead, William. English poet 1715 1785
Whitehead, William Adee. American historian. 1810 1884
Whitehill, Robert. American statesman 1738 1813
Whitehorne, James. Americau artist 1803 1888
Whitehouse, Henry John. Am. P. E. bishop 1803 1874
Whitehouse, James H. Eng. designer, engraver.. 18.33
Whiteley, Richard H. Irish statesman in Am 1830
Whiteley, Robert Henry Kirkwood. Am. soldier. 1809
Whitelocke, Bulstrode. English statesman 1605 1676
Whitelocke, John. English soldier 1757
Whiteside, Jeukin. Am. lawyer and statesman.. 1782 1822
Whiteside, Peter. Englishpatriot in America 1762 1828
Whitfield, Henry. Eng. P. E. cl. and col. in Am.. 1697 1651
Whitfield, James. Eng. R. C. abp. in America 1770 1834
Whitfield, Robert Parr. American paleontologist 1828 ...
Whitgift, John. English archbishop 1530 160*
Whiting, Daniel Powers. American soldier 1808
Whiting, George E. Am. organist, composer J842
Whiting, Henry. American soldier and author... 1790 1861
Whiting, Johu. American soldier 1706 178(>
Whiting, Nathan. American soldier 1724 1771
Whiting, Samuel. Eng. Puritan cl. in America. .. 1597 1679
Whiting, William. Am. statesman and author.. . 1813 1873
Whiting, William B. Americau naval officer..... 1813 1883
Whiting, William Danforth. Am. naval oflicer. . . 1823
Whiting, William Henry Chase. Am. soldier 1825 186&
Whitman, Bernard. Am. Unitarian clergyman... 1796 1834
Whitman, Ezekiel. Am. jurist and statesman 1776 186fr
Whitman, Jason. Am. clergyman and aulhor 1799 1848.
Whitman, Maicus. Am. physician and pioneer.. 1802 1847
Whitman, Snrnh Helen. Americau poet 1803 1878
Whitman, Wnlt. American poet 1819 1892
Whitmarsh, Caroline Snowden. Am. authoiess.. 1827
Whitmer, David. American Mormon elder 1806 1888
Whitmore, Edward. Eng. soldier in America 1691 1761
Whitmore, William Henry. Alt. genal. and inv. . 1.836
Whitney, Adeline Dutton Train. Am. authoress. 1824
Whitney, -Anne. .American poetess and sculptress 1821
Whitney, -Asa. American merchant 1797 1872
Whitney, -Asa. American inventor. pbilanthrop't 1791 1874
Whitney, Ell. American inventor of cotton gin.. 1765 1825
Whitney, Frederick A. Am. Unitarian cl 1812 1880
Whitney, James -A. -American lawyer and author 1839
Whitney, Josiah Dwight. American geologist 1819 ....
Whitney, Louisa Goddard. English authoress... 1819 1882
Whitney, Myron W. American vocalist 1836 —
Whitney, Peter. Am. clergyman and author 1744 1816
Whitney, Thomas R. Am. jour., states., author. . -1804 1858
Whitney, William Collins. Am. lawyer, states. . . 1841 ....
Whitney, AVilliam D. Am. com. philologist 1827 ....
Whiton, James Morris. Clergyman and educator 1833
Whiton, John Milton. Am. clergyman and author 1786 1856
Whiton, Mary Barclett. Am. educator, authoress 1857
Whitsitt, William Heth. Am.clergyman.edu.... 1841
Whittaker, Frederick. Eng. soldier.'anthorin Am 18.38
Whlttaker, Henry. Welsh legal writer in Am 1808 1881
WHITTAKER — WILLIAMS
1827
BOBS
WTiittaker, James. English Shaker elder in Am . 1751
Whittemore, Amos. American inventor 1759
WMttemore, Don Juan. Am. eiv. eng. and inv... IbHO
Whittemore, Thomas. Am.clerg. and author IMM)
Wliittliorne, Washington C. Am. law., states'n.. lh*2o
Wliittier, Elizabeth H. American poetess iMo
Whittier, John Greeuleaf. American poet 1SU7
Whittingham, William K. Am. P. E. bishop 1S05
Whittington, Richard, Sir. Lord mavor of Lon.fi. 1393
Whittle, Francis McNeece. Am. P. E'. bishop. .. 1K23
Whittlesey, Abigail G. Am. educator, journalist 17i58
Whittlesey, Charles. Am. geologist. engiueer...T isos
Whittlesey, Elisha. American lawyer, statesman 17S3
Whittlesey, Frederick. Am. jurist, statesman 1799
Whittlesey, Joseph H. Am. soldier, educator 1821
Whittlesey, Sarah J C. American authoress 1825
Whittredge, Worthington. American artist 1S20
Whymper, Edward. English traveler and artist.. 1840
Whyte, William P. -American lawyer, statesman. 1834
Whyte-Melvllle, George John. English novelist. 1821
Wlberg, Andreas, Swedish cl„ author in Amer,,, 1816
Wickersham, John Pyle. American educator 1825
Wickes, Lambert, American iji»<ai officer 1735
Wickes, Stephen, American physician, author,... 1813
Wickes, Thomas. Am. clergyman and author 1814
Wickham, John. Americau lawyer 1763
WickhaiE , Williams C. Am. soldTer, statesman.., 1820
Wickliffe, SeeWYCLiF,
Wickliffe, Charles A, Am, lawyer and statesman. 1788
Wicksteed, Gustavus Wm. Eng, lawyer in Can.. 1799
Widdifield, John Henry. Can, physician, states.. 1812
Widmer, Christopher, Eng,phys., states, in Can 1780
Wieland, Christoph Martin. German poet 1733
Wiertz , -Antoine Joseph. Belgian painter 1806
Wierzbicki, Felix P. Polish phys., metal, in Am 1861
Wieselgren, Peter. Swed. philau, and author — ISOO
Wlgfall, Louis Frezevant, Am, lawyer and states 1816
Wigger, Winand Michael. Am. R. C' bishop 1841
Wiggins, Ezekiel Stone, Can, meteorologist 1839
Wiggins, Susan Anna G. Wi/e o/ E:ckiel Slone 1846
Wigglesworth, Edward, Am, edu, and author. , . 1693
Wigglesworth, Edward, Am, educator and auth, 1732
Wigglesworth, Edward, American soldier 1742
Wigglesworth, Edward. Am, law yer and author 1804
Wigglesworth, Michael, Eng. cl. and phys, in Am, 1631
Wight, Moses, American artist 1827
Wight, Orlando W, Am, author and translator,,, 1824
Wight , Peter Bonnett, American architect 18.38
Wightman, Valentine, Am, Baptist clergyman., 1681
Wightman, William May, Am, M. E, bishop... . 1808
Wikoff, Henry, Am, lawyer and author 1813
Wilberforce, William, English philanthropist... 1759
Wilbour, Anne Toppan. Am, edu., journ,, author 1817
Wilbour, Charles Edwin. Am. egyptol., linguist. 1833
Wilbour, Charlotte B. Am. founder Sorosis club, 18;-i0
Wilbrord or Wllllbrod, Saint, Apostle of Frisians 657?
Wilbur, Charles Toppan. Am. phys. and educator 1835
Wilbur, Hervey, Am, clergyman and author 1787
WUbur, Hervey B, Am, physician, philanthropist 1820
Wilbur, John. American Quaker preacher 1774
Wilcox, Cadmus Marcellus. American soldier 1826
Wilcox, Carlos, .American clergyman and poet,,, 1794
Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, American authoress 1845
Wilcox, Leonard, Am. jurist and statesman 1799-
Wilcox, Phineas B. American lawyer and author 1798
Wild, Edward Augustus. American soldier 1825
Wild, Joseph. Eng, cl. and author in Canada 18:i4
Wilde, Richard H, Irish lawyer, states'n in Am. . 17S9
Wilde, Samuel S, Am, jurist and statesman 1771
Wilder, Alexander. Am, phys., edu,, journalist., 1823
Wilder, Burt Green, American naturalist 1841
Wilder, Daniel Webster, Am, lawyer, journalist. 18:^2
Wilder, Marshall Pinckney, Am, merch.. states.. 1798
Wilder, Samson Vryling Stoddard, Am, merch... 1780
Wildennuth, Ottilie. German authoress 1817
Wildes, George Dudley. Am. P, E. cl.. educator.. 1819
Wildey , Thos. Founder of Odd Fellows in Am. . , 1783
Wiles, Irving Ramsay, American artist 1861
Wiles, I>emuel Maynard, American artist 1.S26
Wiley, Calvin Heiiderson, Am, cl, and educator. 1819
Wiley, Harvey Washington, Am, chemist, edu. ., 1H44
Wiley, Isaac W, Am, M, E, bishop and educator, 1825
Wilfred or Wilfrid, Saint, English bishop e.'H?
Wilhelm, Karl, Ger, cem„ "Die n'ncht am Rhein." 1828
WilhelmJ , August. German violinist 1&)5
Wllhorst, de, Cora. American vocalist 1835
Wilkes, Charles. American rear-admiral 1798
Wilkes, George. American journalist 1820
Wilkes, Henry. Eng. cl. and educator in Can 18(B
Wilkes, John. English political agitator 1727
Wilkeson, Bayard. American soldier 1844
Wilkeson, Frank. American journalist 1845
Wilkeson, Samuel. Am. manufacturer and jurist 1781
Wilkeson, Samuel. American journalist 1817
Wilkie, David. S;r. Scottish painter. 17*5
Wilkie, Francis Bangs. American journalist 1832
Wilklns, Charles, Sir. English Sanskrit scholar, 1749
Wilkins, Isaac, American P, E, clergyman 1742
WiUdiis, John. American pioneer 1733
DIED
1787
1S28
1879
1419
1858
1886
1863
1851
1886
1878
1887
1778
iS76
1839
1888
1869
1858
1813
1865
1877
1874
1765
1794
1826
1876
1705
i888
i747
1882
1884
1833
1864
1852
1883
1856
1890
1827
1850
1863
1847
1855
1886
1805
1877
1887
1884
709
1S7S
1877
1885
1886
1707
1863
1848
i84i
issi
18.<!0
1809
BOBK
WilMns, Lewis Morris, Can, jurist, statesman,,, 1801
WUkSns, William, Am, jurist and statesman 1779
Wilkinson, James, American geueral 1757
Wilkinson, James John G, Eng, physician, author 1812
Wilkinson, Jemima, American religious impostor 1753
Wilkinson, Jesse. American naval officer 1790
Wilkinson, Johu. American naval officer 1821
Wilkinson, John Gardner, Sir. Eug. Egjptologist 1797
Wilkinson, Morton Smith. American statesman,. 1819
Wilkinson, William Cleaver. .Am. ciergvman 1833
WUlan, Robert. English physician 1757
Willanmetz, Jean B. P. Count. Fr. naval officer. 1763
Willard, Abijah. American soldier 1722
Willard, Emma Hart. American educationist 1787
Willard, Frai^ces Elizabeth. Am. temp, reformer 1839
Willard, John. American jurist 1792
WUlard, JohnD. Am. jurist and benefactor 1799
Willard, Josiah. American jurist 16S1
Willard, Joseph. Am. Cong, ciergvman 1738
Willard, Joseph. American lawyer aud author .. 1798
Willard, bamuel. American clergyman 1G40
Willard, Samuel. -Am, merchant and clergyman.. 1705
Willard, Samuel. American elergymati, author.. 1775
Willard, Sidney, Am, educator aiid author 1780
Willard, Sidney. Am, lawyer aud soldier lt;31
Willard, Simon. Eng. pioneer and states, in Am. 1605
Willard, Simon. American watch-maker 1795
Willard, Solomon. American architect 1783
Willard, Svlvester David. Am. phys. and author. 1825
Willcox, -Albert Oliver. American merchant 1810
Willcox, Orlando Bolivar. American soldier 1823
Wille, Johann Georg, German engraver 1715
Willekiii, Jacobus. Dutch naval officer 1571
Willems, Jan Frans. Flemish philogist, historian 1793
Wlllet. Joseph Edgerton. American educator 1826
Willett, Marinus. American soldier 1740
Willett, Thomas, English merchant in America. 1611
Willett, Thomas. American soldier 1646
Willett, William Marinus, Am. edu, and author. 1803
Willetts, Deborah, Americau grammarian 1789
Willetts, Jacob. -American educator 1785
Wllley, Waitman, American statesman 1811
William I, Conqueror. King of England 1027
William II, Siijfus. King of England 1056
WUliam m. King of Great Britain 1650
WUliam rV, King of Great Britain 1765
William I, King of the Netherlands 1772
William II, King of the Netherlands 1792
William III. King of the Netherlands 1817
William I, Emperor of Germany.. 1797
WUliam of Nassau, See Orange, Wm„ Prince of.
WUliam of Wykeham, See Wvkeham,
Williams, -Abram Pease, -American statesman 1832
WiUiams, Alpheus Starkey, Am. law, and diplom 1810
Williams, -Arthur Trefusis Heneage, Can soldier 1837
WiUlams, Barney, Bernard Flaberttt. Irish actor. 1823
WiUiams, Benjamin. American soldier, states.., 1754
WiUiams, Betsey, American benefactress 1789
WiUiams, Catherine R, American authoress 1787
WiUiams, Channing Moore, Am, P, E, miss, bp.. 1829
WiUiams, Charles K, Am, jurist, statesman 1782
WiUiams, Charles L, American lawyer 1821
Williams , David American patriot 1754
WiUiams, David R- Am, lawyer and soldier 1776
WiUiams, Edward P, American naval officer 1833
WiUiams, Edwin. American author 1797
WiUiams, Eleazar, Americau clergv-man 1688
Williams, Eleazar, -American clergyman 1787
WiUiams, Eliphalet Scott. Am. clergyman 1757
WiUiams, Elisha. Am. lawyer and clergyman 1694
WiUiams, Elisha, American lawyer 1773
WilUams, Elkanah, .American physician 1822
WiUiams, Ephraim, Col, Fr, of Wms. Col,, Mass. 1715
Williams, Heurj' S, Am geologist and scientist.. 1847
WiUiams, Henry W, Am. phys., edu, author 1821
Williams, George B, American financier 1841
WiUiams, George Henry. Am. jurist, statesman, 18'23
Wpliams, George W, Am. sol,, diplomat, author, 1849
WiUiams, James. American soldier 1740
WiUiams, Janes Douglas, American statesman., 1808
WiUiams, James W. Eng. P, E, bp.,edu. in Can.. 1825
WiUiams, Jared W. -American lawyer, statesman 1796
WiUiams, Jesse L. -American civil engineer 1807
WiUiams, John. American divine 1644
WiUiams, John. -American jurist and statesman
Williams, John. Eng. jour., dram, author in -Am. 1765
WiUiams, John. Am. lawyer, soldier, diplomat.. 1778
Williams, John, English missionary 1796
WiUiams, John, -Am, P, E, bishop and author — 1817
WUliams, John -^thurhuld, Welsh cl in Canada 1817
WiUiams, John Foster, American naval officer., . 1743
WUliams, John Joseph, Am, R C. archbishop.... 1822
WiUiams, John Mason, American jurist, author. 1780
Williams, John S, American lawyer and soldier.. 1825
Williams, John Stuart. Am. lawyer, statesman.. 1820
WUliams, John W. M, Am. Baptist clergyman. .. 1820
Williams, Jonathan. -Am, soldier and engineer.. 1750
WUliams, Joseph Hartwell, -Am, lawyer, states'n 1814
Williams, Joseph Lanier. American statesmen.. 1800
DIED
1SS5
1865
1S25
isis
1861
i875
1812
1845
1789
isro
is62
1864
1756
180*
1863
1707
1741
1859
1856
1862
1676
1874
1862
1865
1808
163S
1846
1830
1674
1880
1860
i6s7
llOO
1702
1837
1843
1849
1890
18SS
1878
1885
1876
1814
1871
1872
iS53
1861
1831
1830
1870
1854
1742
1858
1845
1755
1833
1888
1755
1780
1880
isei
1886
1729
1799
1818
1837
1839
1814
i868
1828
WILLIAMS — WINSLOW
EOEN DIED
Williams, l.«wis. American statesman 1786 1842
Williams, Maria P. Am. actress, wife of Barney.. 1828
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1871
1815
1876
1S79
1835
1821
1649
1675
ro7
1779
1861
1841
1717
1857
1831
1876
1869
1725
1849
is65
1S78
1546
1875
1835
1790
1863
1871
1880
1887
1818
1821
1700
1667
1867
1794
1808
1565
807
1839
1612
1882
1793
1819
1797
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1823
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1871
1888
1797
1876
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1847
1881
1882
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Wright, James, Sir. Bart. Am. jurist, statesman. 1714
Wright, Joel T. Euglish P E. clergymau in Can. 1834
Wright, John C. Am. jurist and statesman 1783
Wright, John S. Am. manufacturer, journalist.. 1815
Wright, John Vines. Am. jurist and statesman. . 1828
Wright, Jo.seph. American artist 1756
Wright, Joseph .\lbert. Am. statesman diplomat 1810
Wright, Joseph Jefferson B. Am. armv surgeon.. 1800
Wright, Julia McNair. American authoress 1840
Wright, Luther. American educator 1796
Wright, Marcus Jose|>h. Amerieau soldier 1831
Wright, Milton. .Vmericau bishop 1828
Wright, Rebecca McPherson. American spy 1838
Wright, Robert. American lawyer and states.... 1765
Wright, Robert E. American lawyer and author. 1810
Wright, Robert Wm. Am. jurist, inventor, author 1816
Wright, Ruins. American artist 18.32
Wright, Silas. American statesman 1795
Wright, Thomas. Eng. antiquary. Born in Wales 1810
Wright, Thomas Lee. Am. phys. and lecturer 1825
Wright, William. Am. mauuf. aud statesman 1794
Wright, William. Irish journalist in .•\merica . . 1824
Wright, William. Brit, orientalist. Born in India 18.30
Wright, William B. .\merican jurist 1,S07
Wright, William Bull. Am. phys. and educator.. 1840
Wright, Wiliiiim Janes. .\m. cl. and educator 1831
Wright, William Henry. Am. soldier, engineer. . . 1814
Wri3i)erg, Heinrich August. Ger. anatomist. . . . 1739
Wroiteslsy, John, Baron. English astronomer... 1798
Wunderlich, Karl August. German phvsician 1815
Wurmser, Dagobert Sigismnnd. Austriiiu gen... 1724
Wur*,ele, Jonathan S. C. Can»dian jurist. ." .' 1828
Wiirtz, Charles Adolphe. French chemist 1817
Wurtz, Henry. Am., chemist aud educator 1828
Wiit'ke, Heinrich. German historian 1818
Wyant, Alexander H. .American artist 1836
Wyatt, Francis, Sir. Eng. Colonial gov. in Am.. 1575
Wyatt, James. English architect 1743
Wyatt, Matthew Digby, Sir. English architect... 1820
Wyatt, Richard James. English" sculptor. 1795
Wyatt, Thomas, Sir. Eng. courtier, states., poet. 1503
Wyatt, William Edward. N. Scotian clergyman. . 1789
DIED
1866
1S31
1878
isso
18S4
1829
1866
1869
i849
1888
i&i2
1880
1827
1639
1668
1777
1786
1877
1676
1870
1865
1&31
1723
1872
isVa
1842
1860
1881
1875
1883
1885
1852
18.53
1865
1885
1881
1870
1785
isiii
1874
1793
1867
1878
1826
1885
1847
1877
1866
1866
18S9
1S|',S
1880
1845
1,808
1867
1877
1797
1884
i876
1644
1813
1877
1850
1642
1804
BORN DIED
Wycherley, William. English dramatist 1640? 1715
Wyckoff, William Cornelius. Am. journalist 1832 1888
Wyckolf, Wilham H. Am. clergyman and edu ... 1807 1877
Wyclifl'e, de, John. English reformer 1324 1SS4
Wyeth, John Allan. .Am. surgeon and educator. .. 1845
Wykeham, William of. Eng. bishop, statesman.. isa4 1404
Wylie, .\udrew. .-imerican P. E. clergyman 1789 1851
Wylie, Robert. American artist in France 1839 1.S77
Wylie, ."Samuel B. Irish Ref. Presb. cl. in Am 1773 1852
Wylie, Theodore W.J. Am. Ref. Presb. clergvm*n 1818
Wylie, Theophilus A. Am. educator, Ref. Pres. cl. I8IO ...
Wylly, William. Americanjurist 17.57 1828
Wyllys, George. Eng. Colonial governor in Am.. 1.5.50 1645
Wylly s, George. American Colonial secretarv .. 1719 1796
Wyllys, Samuel. Eug. magistrate in America 1632 1709
Wyllys, .'Samuel. American soldier 1739 lS2a
Wyman, Jeffries. American anatomist 1814 1874
Wyman, Morrill. Am. phys. aud educator 1812 ....
Wyman, Robert Harris. American naval officer. . 1822 1882
Wyman, Tbonuis White. American naval officer 1793 18.54
Wyndham, William. Sir. Euglish statesman. ... 1687 1740
Wynkoop, Henry. .Member of Continental Cong. 1737 1812
Wynn, Richard. Am. soldier and statesman 17.50 181S
Wynne, James. American physician I.si4 1871
Wynns, Thomas. Am. soldier and statesman.. ,. 17ii4 1825
Wyshoff, Isaac Newton. Am. cl. and educator. .. 1792 1869
Wyss, Jobaun Rudolf. Swiss author . 1781 1830
Wythe, George. .4m. jurist. Sign. Dec. of ludpen 1726 1806
Wythe, Joseph Henry. Eug. phvs. and M. E. cl .. 1822
Wyttenbach, Daniel. Swiss philologist 1746 1820
X
Xanthippe. Wife of Socrates sthcm.B.c.
Xavier, Francis, Saint. Spanish missionary 1506 1552
Xavier de Menezes, Francisco. Port. gen.. "auth. 1673 1743
Xenocrates. Greek philosopher B.C. 396 314
Xenophanes. Greek philosopher and poet b.c. 6'.;8? 520?
Xenophon. Athenian historian and general. B.C. 455? S55?
Xeres, de, Francisco. Sp. historian with Pizarro. 1504? 1570T
Xerxes. X/rjrstlii arrnt. King of Persia.. . B.c 465
Xerxes II. King of Persia. Ass'ii'il hij Sogdiaiius B.C. 425
Ximenes, de, Augustine M.,Marq. French poet.. 1726 1817
Ximenes, Francis. Sp. cardinal and statesman.. . 1436 1517
Ximenes, Francis. Sp. friar, mission'y to Mexico . .. 1620T
Ximenes, Francis. Spanish painter 1598 1668
Ximenes, Francisco. Spanish clergyman 1600 1680
Ximenes, Leonardo. Sicilian astronomer 1716 1786
Ximenes, Roderick, .\rchbishop of Toledo 1247
Ximenes de Carmona, Francis. Sp. naturalist... fl. 1616
Ximenes de Quesada, Gonzalo. Sp. conqueror 1579
Ximenez, Francisco. Spanish missionary 1537
Ximeno, Vincent, of Valencia. Biograi'her 1703
Xiphilinus, John. Patriarch of Constantinople.. 100,5? 1075
Xiphilinus, John Epitomizer of Dion Cassius.. fi. 1100!
Xiuhtemoc II. 8th K. of Culhuacan, 2d of Mexico
Xiutlaltzin. Queen of ToUan
Xochitl. Queen of ToUan., .,
Xolotl. Founder of Mex. dynasty of Tenayucan
Xuares, Gaspar. Jesuit. Botanist 1731 1804
Xuarez, Pedro. Indian Cacique and author
Xylander, William, llnlzmaim. German scholar 1532 1576
Y
Yakooh Ooshbegee. Ruler of Cashgar 18?0 1877
Yrlden, Thomas. Eng.poetaud divine.- 1671 1736
Yale, Cvrus. American clergvmau 1786 1854
Yale, Elihu. Patron of Yale college 1619 1721
Yale^Elisha. Am. clergyman aud author 1780 185S
Yale, LeroT Millon. Am. phys. aud educator IWl ...
Yale, Linus. American inventor 1821 1868
Yancey, Bartlett. Am. ia-wer aud statesman. .. 17.80 1828
Yancey, William Lowndes American politician. 1M4 1863
Yandell, David Weudel!. Aai phys. aud edu. .. 1826
Yandell, Lunsford Pitts. Am. phvs. aud educator 1805 1878
Yandez, Placido. Bolivian soldier 1820 1861
Yanguas, Manuel. Spanish missionary 1620 1689
Yard, Edward .Madison. Am. naval officer 1809
Yarrell, William. British naturalist . 1784 1856
Yarrenton. .Andrew. Eng. ironmaster, soldier 1616 nfi. I68I
Yarrow, Henry Crecy. Am. phys. aud naturalist 1810 . ..
Yart, Anthouv'. French writer 1710 1791
Yates, .^hriiham. Mem. of Continental congress. -1724 1796
Yates, Arthur Rcid. American uaval officer, ... l,v;38
Yates, .Austin .\ndrew. Am. jurist and states. . 18.S6 ....
Yates, Edmund Hodgson. English novelist . ... 1831 ....
Yates, John Barentse. .\m. jurist, states., soldier 1784 1836
Yates, John Barentse. -American engineer 18:^3 ....
Yates, John Van Ness. Am lawyer and states — 1V79 1839
Yates, Peter W. Amerieau statesman
Yates, Richard. .Am. lawyer and statesman 1818 1873
Yates, Robert. American jurist aud statesman.. 1738 1801
Yates, William. Am. surgeon aud philanthropist 17ii7 1857
Yates, William. Eug. missionary at Serampore.. 1792 1845
Yeaman, George Helm. Am. jurist and states. . . 1829 —
Yeamans, Johii, Sir. Eng. Colonial gov. in Am.. 1605 1674
y E A Jkl E S — Z E P H 1 R I N
1831
BORN DIED
Teames, William Frederick. English artist isas .■■.
Yeardley, Ueorge, Sir. Goveruor of Virginia lo»o ift^
Yeates, Catharine. American benefactor libi ibw
Yeates, Jasper. Eug. jurist and states, in America ...■ liM
Ysates, Jasper. American jurist and salesman. .. l/to IM/
Yell Archibald. American jurist and statesman. 17»7 1M(
Yelland, Raymond D. English artist in Am ls4» ■■
Yelverton, Henry, Sir. English judge lot* l<>«'
Yeo, James. Canadian statesman .. ^ IM^ ....
Yeo, James Lucas. Sir. Eng. naval officer l/fc2 IMS
Yeomans, Edward Dorr. American clergyman ... lb.S lf*»
Ysomans, John W. Am. cl. and educator IbuO ibW
Yepez, Anthony. Spanish Benedictine.. .;;• IWl
Yeoez d' Diego. Spanish historical writer loo9 Mo
Ysrger George Shall. American lawyer Isui IsoO
Yewgll, George Henry. American artist IfcoO ...
Ypzdeierd III. KingofPersia *•"■"?■?
Yllkum, Henderson K. Am. lawyer, Senator. ... 1810 1^
Yoder, Jacob. American pioneer^.. l/o» iSSi
Yonge, Charles Duke. Eng. philologist, author... 1»11 ....
Yonge, Charlotte Mary. English novelist lS2d ..-^^
Yorck von Wartenburg, John, Ci. Prus. td. mar. l,o9 IhoO
York Edmund P. F'st Duke of. Fr. house 'iork 1,>J1 1402
York! Edward, 5o«, Second Duke of.... ^ Wl^
York Kiohard, neplieiv. Claimant of Crown HW)
fork Richard, Duke of. Sou of Edward IV. 14!»
York and Albany, Edward Augustus, Duke of l""
York and Albany, Ernest Augustus, Duke of . ,.^ l'2b
York and Albany, Frederick. Duke of 1763 lb£-
Yorke, Charles. English statesman^.. ............. 1<^ 1''"
Yorke. Joseph S., Sir, M. P. Admiral, politician, lios Ibdl
You, Dominique Haytian soldier 1775 ISoO
Youatt, William. Eng. veterinary surgeon 1/(7 1W7
Youmans, Edward Livingston. Am. chemist Is21 lb»7
Youmans Elizf Ann Am. botanist and author.. 1826 —
Youmans, Letitia Cre'ghton. Canadian reformer. I.v27
Youmans, William Jav. Am. scientist and journ 1S3S . .^.
Young Alexander. American Unitarian cl 1600 18o4
Youn"' Alexander. American lawyer, author 1836
Young Alfred. Eng. R. C. clergyman in America 1831
Young Allen William, Sir. English explorer ... 1830 ..^
Young Andrew White. Am. edu., journ., author 1802 1877
Young, Aretus William, Sir. English soldier .... 177» l83o
Young, Arthur. English agriculturist 1741 1820
Young, Augustus. Am. jurist and statesman li8o 18d/
Young, Brigham. Mormon high-priest ......... 1801 1877
Young, Charles. Scot, jurist, states, lu Canada. . 1812
Young Charles Augustus. American astron 1834 .-_.
Young! David. American M. E. clergyman inb 18o9
Young, Edward. English poet 1684 l/6o
Young George Paxton. Canadian educator Ibib
YoungI James. Canadian statesman 1835
Young, James Eankin. Am. journalist, soldier.. . 1847 ....
Young, John. Am. governor of Hawaii iioo I8dS
Young, John. Scottish agricultural writer 1773 lSo7
Young John. American lawver and statesman. . 1802 18o2
Young, John, Sir. Brit.-Ind. statesman in Can... 1807 1876
Young John. Scottish statesman in Canada 1811 1878
Young, John Clarke. Am. educator and cl 1803 1857
Young John Freeman. American P. E. bishop. .. 1820 1885
Young, John Rnssell. Am. journalist, diplomat.. 1841 ....
Young, Jonathan. Americau naval officer 1823 18So
Young, Josue Marie. American R. C. bishop IbOS 1866
Young, Loval. Am. clergyman and author 1806 ..^
Young, Ma"tthew. Irish bishop and physicist 17o0 1800
Young, Peter, Sir. Scottish diplomat and writer. 1544 1628
Youn" Pierce M. B. Am. soldier and statesman. 1839
YoungI Richard Montgomery. Am. statesman. . . 1796 18.52
Young, Thomas. Puritan divine 1587? 165o
Young, Thomas. English physicist 177.3 1829
Young, Thomas John. American clergyman 1803 looz
Youn", Thomas L. Irish soldier, states'n in Am. 18.32 1888
Youn^ William, Sir. Eug. nol. and miscel. w'r. . 1750 1815
Young! William, Sir. Scottish statesman in Can. 1799 1887
Young William. Eng. journ. and a\ithor in Am. 1809 1888
Young William H. H. H. Am. soldier and bene.. 1819 . ..
Yousouf-ben-Taschfln. King of Morocco 1106
Ypres, de, Charles Flemish painter lolO lo«
Ypsilanti, Alexander. Greek patriot 1^2 18g
YpsUantl, Demetrius. Greek patriot 1793 1832
Yriarte. See Ip.iabte.
Yriarte, Bernard. Spanish statesman 1/S4? 1814
Yriarte, Domingo. Spanish diplomatist 1746. l/9o
Yriarte, Ignatius. Spanish landscape painter. .;. 1635 168o
Yriarte, de, John. Span, linguist and archaeol... 1702 1771
Yriarte, de, Thomas. Spanish poet 17.50 1(91
Ysabeau, Alexander C. Fr. army officer, author. 1820 1889
Ysabeau, -\lphonse Paul. French naval officer.. 1811 1848
Ysambert, Gustave. Fr. naval officer 1667 1711
Ysambert, Jules. Fr. admin, and soldier in Am. 17:» l(9o
Ysoart, Sigismond. Flemish mariner, author liW 16-32
Yule, Kenfy, Sir. Eng. army officer and author. . 1820 1889
Yulee, David Lew. W. Indian statesman in Am. 1811 1886
Yung Wing. Chinese diplomat in America 1828 .-■
Yvan, Melchior. French traveler 1803 1873
Yver, de Cbazelles, Jean P. French navigator... 1709 1786
Yves, Bisbop of Chartres. Ecclesiastical writer.. 1035 Ulo
Yves Saint. French monk and jurist 1253 1303
Yvon'i -^dolphe. French painter 1817
BOBK DIED
ZabareUa, Francesco. Italian cardinal 13S9 1417
Zabrlsk'e, Abraham O. American law.. Senator. 1807 18(3
Zaccllias, Paul. Italian medical writer ....1584 1659
Zacb, von, .Vnthonv. Baron. Austrian general. .. 1/44 1826
Zach von, Franz Yaver, Baron. Ger. astronom'r 1754 18o2
Zacbariae, Heinrich .\lbert. German jurist. . . 1806 1875
Zachariae, Just. Friederick W. Ger. comic poet. 1723 1//7
Zachaw Frederick W. German mus. composer. 1663 1721
Zacbos, John C. Turkish educator and cl. in Am 1820
Zachtleevin, Cornelius. Dutch painter 1612 ....
Zachtleevln, Herman. Dutch painter 1609 168S
Zacutus Lusitanus Portuguese medical writer lo/o 1642
Zagoskin, Mikhail S.. Russian soldier 1/89 1852
Zain, JohannK. W. German architect 1800 18a
Zahrtmann, Christian C. Danish admiral 1(94? 18^
Zajonczek, Joseph. Polish prince and general... 1752 1826
Zakrzewska, Maria E. Prus. physician in Am. ... 1829 ..^.
Zaldivar, Mendoza Vinceute. Mexican soldier... lo65 i6,ia
Zaldivar, Kufael. Central American statesman.. 1830 ....
Zaleski, Bogdan Joseph. Polish poet 1802 1886
Zaleucus. Locriau legislator fl. B.C. oOOT
Zallnski, Edmund Louis G. Polish soldier, inv.. 1849 .^..
Zaluski, Andrew C. Polish statesman, writer. . 1650? 1(11
Zaluski, Jozef Audrzej. Polish bibliophile 1702 liii
Zamacois, Eduardo. Spanish painter 1842 1871
Zambeccari, Francis, Count. It. aeronaut 1(56 1812
Zambrana, Ramon. Cuban scientist, author 181( 1866
Zamojski or Zamoyskl, Andrzej, Ct. Pol. states. 1710 1792
Zamojskl, Jan. Polish statesman and general... lo41 IWS
Zamoiski, Jan. Polish commander 1626 1665
Zamora, de, Alonzo. Colombian historian. . . 1660 I/to
Zamora de, Christobal. Spanish missionary.... 1500 lo66
Zampieri. See Dome.mchix-o.
Zanchi, Basil. Italian Latin poet 1501? 1^
Zanchi, Girolamo. Italian religious reformer.... 1516 1590
Zane, Ebenezer. American pioneer 1(47 I8ii
Zane, Elizabeth. Americanheroine... ......... 1(59 1847
Zanichelli, John Jerome. It. phys.. nat. r>hilos. . 1662 1(»
Zanoni, James. Phys. and botanist of Bologna... 1615 1682
Zanotti, Francis M. C. Italian math, and pbilos. 1692 1777
Zanzalus, Jacob. Syrian monk ^ 5(»
Zapata, Mendoza Juan V. Mexican author. .__ . - ■
Zapata y Sandoval, Juan. Mex. R. C.bp. edu... 1»1» 1^
Zapf, Georg Wilhelm. German antiquary 1(4, 1810
Zapiola, Jose. Chilian musician and composer.. 1802 18to
Zapolya. Hungarian soldier. ■ ,1;.: ".o
Zappl, John Baptist Felix. It. lawyer and poet... 166, 1^9
Zaragoza, Ignacio Mexican so dier 1829 1862
Zarate,de,Agostin. Spanish historian 1493 1560?
Zarate, Geronimo. Mexican historian.. ■■^•
Zarate, Miguel. Spanish edu. and missionary.. . ^^ 1583
zarate defpedro 6rtiz. Spanish ludge 490 lo45
Zarco, Francisco. Mexican journalist 1829 1869
Zarco, Giulio. Italian missionary 1490 1M9
zarco Joao Gonzalez. Portuguese navigator „.^- Um
Zarlino, Joseph. Italian composer 1520 1699
Zauner, Franz. German sculptor ;w„:" i-si liS
Zavola,de, Lorenzo. Mexican states., author. .. 1,88 1886
Zazius or Zasius,Ulric. German jurist I4bl lo«
Zea, Don F . A. South American statesman 1 ( .0 1822
7pcariah Prophet of Judah n. B.C. o/ur
zldlkilh, son of Josiah. K of Judah B.C. 618 ,./( 686
Zedl«z, von, Joseph Christian. German poet... 1(90 1862
Zeeman, Remigius. Dutch marine painter 1612
Zegedin Stephen. Protestant ref. in Hungary... 1505 U72
ZellrsTilercules. Dutch landscape painter IbM 6,d
ZeQler Martin. German topographer 1589 1661
Zelsberger, David Moravian missionary 1-21 1808
Zell, Befnhard. Flemish explorer 1(15 1.(9
Zell.Karl. German scholar... 1™ ">7i
ZeUer, Bethold. French historian IMS ....
ZeUer, Eduard. German divine.. I81* ....
ZeUer Jules Sylvaln French historian 1820
Zellotl, Battista. Italian painter ^ la?2 iws
Zelter, Karl F. German musical composer.. l;o8 1832
Zendeias, Miguel Geronimo Mexican artist .... 1-24 1816
Zender, .loachim D. L. Fr. Cong clergy, in Am.. 180d
Zendrini, Bernard. Italian mathematician.. 16^ .;j7
Zenger, John Peter. Ger. purlisher 111 America. 680 ,46
zlSia, iuan dementi. Cuban author m America 18M 18,1
Zeno. Greek Stoic philosopher S' S' J^i
Zeno, 0/ Elea. Greek gbilosopber. ..... .. . . . .B. c. 490? ....
Zeno Th^ l-'ourian. Emperor of the East..... ... 426 iVl
ZeSo Antonio. Bro. and companion of Mcold. . 133C? 14te?
Zeno, Apostolo. Italian poet . . . . 1^ }'?"
Zeno Carlo. Grand admiral of \ enice 13o4? 1418
Zeno, Nicol6. Venetian navigator ]»>"• 1^1
Zeno -N-icolo. Biographer of the Zeni I3l5 isto
Zenobia, Septimia. Queen of Palmyra Vvurd c" B c
Zenodotus. Greek grammarian... .. •■;;■• •'"'fQoJVS;
Zenon de Rouvroy, Charles A. French author 1698 1«9
ZentenoTJoselgnacio. Chilian statesm., soldier l,fo 1847
Zepeda, Francisco. Spanish missionary 1o2d 1602
ZepHirin, Antoine. Spanish pilot ■ W'5 1530
18B2
ZEPHYRINUS— ZYLL
BOBN DIED
Zephyrlnus. Bishop of Rome (197-217) 217
ZerW, Gabriel, of Yeroua. Anatomist fl. 15«5
Zerralin, Carl. Germau musician in America.. . 1826 ....
Zetterstedt, Johaun Willielm. tewed, naturalist. 1785 1874
Zeuner, Charles. Saxon organist and com. in Am. 17y5 1857
Zenxis. Greek painter B. c. 4W? 3%
Zhukoffsky, V'asili Andreevich. Russian poet... 178o 1S5'2
Ziani, Sebastian. Doge: Embellisher of Venice 1179
Zlegenbalg, Bartholomew. Ger. Prot. missionary 1683 1719
Ziegler, Barnard. Ger. theol. of the Reformation 1496 155*2
Ziegler, Friedrich Wjlhelm. German actor 17.58 1S27
Zlegler, Gaspar. German jurist 1621 1694
Ziegler, Henry. Am. Lulh. clergyman and author 1S16
Ziegler, James. German mathematician, divine. 14S0 1549
Ziem, F^lix, French painter 18*21
Zier, Victor Casimir. French painter 1822
Ziethen, John E.G., Count. Prus. field marshal 1770 1848
Zlethen, von, Hans Joachim. Prussian general. 1699 1786
ZiUiox, James. Am. R. C. prelate and educator.. 1S49 .. .
Zimmermann, Albert. German painter 1809 . ..
Zimmermann, von, Clemens. German painter.. 17S8 1869
Zimmermann, von, Johann G. Swiss philos 1728 1795
Zimmermann, Eberhard A. \V. Ger. naturalist.. 1743 isio
Zimmermann, Ernest. German theologian 1786 1832
Zimmermann, Karl. German theologian 1803 1877
Zimmermann, Matthias. Pro. divine at Meissen 1625 1G89
Zimmermann, Wjlhelm. German poet, historian 1807 1878
Zimmern. Helen . German-English authoress 1846 ....
Zimri. King of Israel (929) B.C. 929
Zincke, Christian Frederick. Ger. ptr. in enamel 16S4? 1767
Zingarelli, Nicholas Anthony. If. mus. composer 17.52 18-37
Zingg, Adrian. Swiss.draughtsman, engraver 17.34 1816
Zinn, John Godfrey. Ger. anatomist, botanist .. l?>7 17.59
Zinzendorf, von, Nikolaus L.. Count. Ger. miss. 1700 1760
Ziska, Jan. Bohemian general 1380? 1423
ZizimorDjem. Turkish prince. 1459 1435
Zobeidah Wife of Harou7t-al-Easchid 765? 831
Zobell, Benjamin. German artist 1762 18:il
Zee. C'nrftinopsiim. Enip.of the East. Wife Lcn VI 919
Zoe. Empress of the East. Wiff of Romanua III. 982? 10.50
Zoega, Geoige. D nish archaeologist 1755 1809
Zoest, Gerard. See ZorsT.
Zoffany, John, R. .\. Ger. portrait ptr. in Eng 1735 ISIO
Zogbaum, Rufus Fairchild. American artist... .1849
Zoilus. Creek critic fl. 366? .3.<!6? B.C.
Zola, Emile. French novelist 1840
Zollicoffer, Felix K. Confederate general 1812 1862
Zollikofer, Georg Joachim. Swiss divine 1730 1788
Zoning, Theophil. German poet 1*49
Zollner, Johann Karl F. German physicist 1831 1863
BORN DIED
Zonaris, John. Byzantine historian, theoloeian.. fl. 1120?
Zonca, Victor. It. math. (Xovo Teatro di Mackini) 1580? ..
Zook, Samuel Kosciuzko. American soldier 1823 1863
Zopfl. Heinrich Matheus. German jurist 1807 1877
ZorOla, Manuel Ruiz. Spanish statesman 1834 ....
Zoroaster. Persian reUgious teacher datemikiwun.
Zorrilla, Francisco. Spanish administrator 14S0 1546
Zorrilla y MoralJose. Spanish poet 1817
Zosimus. Greek historian of Rome fl. 400?
Zosimus. Pope (417-18). i'utc/ssor to Innocent 1 418
Zouch, Richard, LL. D. Jurist at Oxford 1590? 1660
Zouch, Thomas, D. D. Divine and biographer 17S7 1815
Zoust or Zoest, Gerard. Ger. Por. nainter in Lon 1637 1681
Zrlnyi, Nicholas, Count. Hungarian general 1518 1566
Zrinyi, Nicholas. Hungarian poet fl. I7(A o.
Zschokke, Johaun Heinrich Daniel. Ger. author 1771 1848
Zsedenyi, von, Eduard. Hungarian statesman.. 1803 1879
Zuazo, Alonso. Spanish jurist .1466 1527
Zubly, John .loachim. Swiss Presh. clergyman... 1725 1781
Zuccarelli, Fraucesco. Italian painter 1702 178S
Zuccaro, Federigo. Italian painter 1613? 1600
Zuccaro or Zucchero, Thaddeus.bro/Af r. Painter 1529 1566
ZuccM, Anthony. Italian painter 1726 1795
ZuingUus. Swiss reformer. .See Zwingli 14,>vJ 1531
Zukertort, J. H. Ger.-Russian chess player 1842 1888
Zuloaga, Felix. Mexican president 1814 1876
Zumala-Carreguy, Thomas. Spanish Carlistgen. 1789 1835
Ziunarraga. de, Juan. First R.C. bishop of Mex 1468 1548
Zumaya, Manuel. Mex. cl. and musician 1670 1740
Ziuubo, Gaetano Julius. Sicilian modeler in wax 1656 1701
Zumpt, .\ugust Wilhelm. German Latinist 1815 1877
Zumpt, Karl Timotheus. German philologist 1792 1849
Zundel, John. Ger. organ, and mus. eomp. in Am 1816 1887
Znnz, Leopold. German-Hebrew scholar 1794 1886
Zurbaran, Francisco. Spanish painter of Seville 1598 1662
Zurita or Zorita, Alonso. Spanish statesman 1500 1570
Zurita, Geronimo. Spanish historian ... 1512 1580
Zurita, Pedro. Mexican Jesuit and author 1690 1739
Zurlanben, Biat FidCle A. J. D. Swiss ofli.. w'r.. 1720 1795
Zurlo, Joseph. Count. Italian statesman .1759 18*28
Zwicker, Daniel. German syncretist 1613 1678
Zwinger, Theodore. Swiss physician 1533 1588
Zwinger, Theodore, jun. Swiss physician Ii'i58 17*24
Zwingli, Ulric or Huldreich. Swiss ref., patriot. 1484 1531
Zwirner, Ernest Frederick. German architect.. 1809 1861
Zwniga. See Ercilla y ZuSiga.
Zwniga y Ontiveros, Felipe. Mexican author... 17C0 1780
Zypffius, Francis. Dutch jurist 1.578 lOoO
Zypseus, Ilenrv. lirothtr. .\bbot 1577 165i*
ZyU, van, Otho. Dutch Jesuit and poet 15SS 165<
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