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GENTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE. 

JULY-DE0BMBEH,  1860. 


7,  o'l 


GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE 


HISTOKICAL   EEVIEW. 

By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  GEST. 


M  DCCC  LX. 

JXJLY  TO  DECEMBER  inclusive. 

BEING  VOLUME  IX.  OP   A  NEW  SEEIES. 

AMD  THE  TWO-HUNDEED-ASD-NINTH  8IBCE  THE  COHHENCEHENT. 


r  ",-<») 


lOHDOH: 

JOHN   HBNBT   akd   JAMES   PARKEB. 

1860. 


.  Gl 


FBINTXD  BT  MBSSB8.  PABKBB,  GOBNXIBKBT,  OXFOBD. 


PREFACE. 


For  the  two  hundred  and  ninth  time  it  is  the  pleasant  task  of 
Sylvanus  Urban  to  address  a  few  brief  remarks  to  his  friends  on 
the  occasion  of  oflfering  a  new  volume  for  their  acceptance. 

This  volume  he  trusts  will  be  found  equal  in  interest  to  any  of 
its  predecessors.  Matters  of  great  moment  have  been  discussed 
in  it^  and,  as  he  flatters  himself,  treated  by  competent  pens.  The 
strange  perversion  of  history  in  which  a  man  of  talent  still  con- 
tinues to  indulge,  in  a  History  of  England,  has  called  forth  his 
reprobation,  and  he  has  shewn  what  dangerous  consequences  may 
ensue  to  historic  truth  if  writers  are  to  be  allowed  imquestioned 
to  cite  only  such  documents  or  parts  of  docimients  as  suit  their 
**view"  and  ignore  all  the  rest.  He  has  called  attention  to  Early 
Irish  History,  as  deserving  study  by  those  who  would  really 
understand  our  English  annals ;  and  he  has  given  due  considera- 
tion to  the  Church  History  of  Scotland,  having  fortunately  found 
the  subject  treated  in  a  philosophical  spirit  by  a  minister  of  the 
Kirk. 

But  though  these  are  all  wide  subjects,  he  has  by  no  means 
confined  himself  to  them.  In  describing  the  Lake-Dwellings  of 
Switzerland  and  other  countries,  he  has  gone  back  to  the  earliest 
traces  of  European  history  ;  he  has  touched  on  better-known 
periods,  in  articles  on  the  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones  which 
testify  the  Roman  occupation  of  Britain,  and  on  the  Works  of  the 
Romano-Gaulish  Figurines ;  the  Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucester- 
shire have  been  treated  by  an  accomplished  antiquary,  and  much 
new  and  curious  matter  elicited  regarding  them,  which  casts 
a  strong  light  on  history  as  well  as  architecture ;  and,  with  the 
end  that  he  ever  keeps  steadily  in  view,  of  linking  together  the 
present  and  the  past,  he  has  treated  on  Ancient  Armour  and 
Weapons,  and  on  French  Invtisions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight — for  he 
sees  in  the  one  the  rude  germ  of  many  of  the  most  formidable  in- 
ventions of  our  own  day,  and  in  the  other  case  he  desires,  without 
being  an  alarmist,  that  we  should  profit  by  the  lessons  of  the  past. 


VI  PREFACE. 

and  as  it  appears  to  be  a  well-founded  opinion  that  we  may  again 
have  to  do  battle  for  our  ancient  supremacy,  his  hope  is  that  the 
expenditure  which  all  are  now  willing  to  make,  may  be  wisely 
directed. 

Turning  to  another  subject,  which  customarily  engrosses  his  at- 
tention, he  has  reported  in  ample  detail  the  various  meetings  of 
Antiquarian,  Archax)logical  and  Architectural  Societies.  He  is 
already  en  rapport  with  the  great  majority  of  these  associations, 
and  he  thinks  that  it  is  no  presumption  to  suggest  to  others  who 
have  not  as  yet  put  themselves  in  communication  with  him,  that 
they  would  advance  their  own  interests  by  at  once  doing  so. 

A  very  important  part  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  has  ever 
been  its  Correspondence.  In  this  volume,  as  in  so  many  preceding 
ones,  questions  of  much  interest  will  be  found  discussed  with  tho 
tone  and  temper  suited  to  a  periodical  for  the  educated  classes. 
That  such  will  continue  to  be  the  case  for  many,  many  years  to 
come,  Sylvanus  Urban  can  entertain  no  doubt,  and  he  earnestly 
invites  the  communications  of  all  who  have  taste  and  learning  and 
candour  to  bring  to  the  discussion  of  important  points  in  History, 
Architecture,  Genealogy,  Heraldry,  or  any  of  their  multifarious 
ramifications.  The  cordial  response  which  long  experience  leads 
him  to  anticipate  to  this  invitation  will  afford  another  justification 
for  his  time-honoured  motto. 


"-B  PLURIBUS  UNUM. 


a 


LIST   OF  ENGEAVING8. 


Old  Hebaxdry  of  the  Percies  : — 

Seal  of  Hotspur,  date  between  1399  and  1403 

Arms  of  Thomas,  seventh  Earl  Percy 

Bannerolle  of  Henry,  fifth  Earl,  1514 

Pennoncelle  of  the  same  Earl     . 

The  Crescent  and  Locket . 

Standard  of  Henry,  fiflh  Earl 

Standard  of  Henry  Algernon,  sixth  Earl 
Restoration  of  the  Chapter-house,  Westminster  Abbey  {plate) 
Plan  of  Haddon  Hall  [and  Queens'  College,  Cambridge] 
Restoration  of  the  Chapter-house,  Westminster  Abbey  {second plat e) 
Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons  : — 

Early  Hand-guns 

Mounted  Arquebusier,  circa  1495 

Double-barrelled  Wheel-lock  Pistol 

Pikeman  with  Pike  trailing 

Targeteer         .... 

Arquebusier     .... 

M  usque  teer       .... 

Early  form  of  the  Bayonet,  circa  1680 
Medietal  Houses  or  Gloucestershire  : — 

Chapel  in  the  Deanery,  circa  1120     • 

Crypt,  or  Vaulted  Chamber,  under  the  Fleece  Inn,  1160 

Norman  House  at  Horton,  c.  1180 

The  Black  Friars  at  Gloucester 

Partition  of  the  Cells  in  the  Dormitory,  c.  1260 

Dormitory  and  end  Window  of  the  Refectory,  c.  1260  . 

The  Tanners'  Hall,  c,  1300 

Remains  of  Gatehouse  at  Yate,  c.  1320 

The  Chapel,  Berkeley  Castle,  1360;  with  the  Oriel,  1460 

Beverstone  Castle,  Plan  of  Upper  Story  of  Tower 

Wanswell  Court,  Gloucestershire        .... 


Page 

18 
ib, 
ib. 
ib. 
25 
26 
27 
33 
54 
109 

225 
226 

ib, 
228 

ib. 
230 

ib, 
232 

337 
ib. 
338 
339 
340 
341 
342 
343 
345 
346 
348 


VUl 


LIST  OF   ENGRAMNGS. 


Fagc 

Look-out  from  the  Lord's  Parlour  349 

Barge-board  at  Gloucester 351 

Plan  of  the  Celtic  Fortress  of  Roquefort 357 

Fort  of  Cabarra  attributed  to  Charlemagne ih. 

Plan  of  the  Castle  of  Puynormand  .......     359 

Hen-Bias,  Beaumaris  {plate)         .......     495 

Tomb  in  Beaumaris  Church  {plate)       .....     495 

Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour  {plate)  .571 

Ancient  Lake-Dwellings  : — 

Flint  Saw  and  Arrow-heads  .586 

Bronze  Knife,  from  Concise,  Lake  of  Neuch&tel.  .588 

Lake  Village.     From  Keller 589 

Upper  part  of  Sword,  and  Sheath,  from  Moringen,  Lake  of  Bienne   591 
Back  part  of  Sword,  from  Moringen  ......       t5. 

Scabbard-point,  from  Lake  of  Neuchatel  .       ih. 

Pottery  from  Wangen,  Lake  of  Constance  .         .  .592 

Ornamental  Pottery,  from  Lake  of  Bienne  .  .       ib> 

Pottery  from  Auvernier,  Lake  of  Neuchatel  ....       ih. 

ROMANO-GAULISn  FlGUKINES  : — 

Perspective  View  of  the  Roman  Kilns  discovered  near  Moulins     .  604 

Figure  of  Venus        .........  605 

Figure  of  Minerva    .........  t6. 

Effigy  of  the  Goddess  Fecundity 606 

Bust  and  Money-box 607 

View  of  St.  Michael's  Chapel  at  Torr,  near  Torquay  628 

Ground-plan  of  the  Chapel 629 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL   REYIEW. 

JULY,  1860. 


CONTENTS. 

FAG> 
MINOR  CORBESPON1>ENCE.^Aroksologieal  Institote  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland— 

BHtiflh  AiohsBologioal  Aaaodation— Kent  Aroheologioal  Society— Heraldie  Qnery 2 

Fronde'iHiftoryofEngland—Edvrardyi.  andMary 3 

The  Armoury  of  Mahmoud  II 10 

Th0  DUrjof  Qeneral  Pfctrick  Gordon 11 

The  CMd  Heraldfy  of  the  Pereses    18 

Dngdftle'sVimtation  of  Yorkshire  28 

CHeaniBgfl  from  Westminster  Abbey 83 

The  Volonteer  Keview 40 

AKTIQUABIAN  ANB  LITERARY  INTELUGENCER.— Society  of  AntiqnariM 42 

Arohitectoral  Congress  at  Cambridge ^ 

The  GkMsten  Hall,  WOTcester 64 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STLYANUS  URBAN.— Wayboume  Chorefa,  Norfolk;  the  Ar- 
rangements of  Monastic  Parish  Churches,  66;    Steeton  Hall,  Sherbom-in-Elmet, 

Yorkshire ~ 78 

HISTORICAL    AND    MISCELLANEOUS    REYIEWS.  —  Edvards's  Concise   History  of 
Sn^land,  78;  Morris's  A  Hooee  for  the  Suburbs,  79;  Burrows's  Pass  and  Class, 

ftl ;  SennoBS    -.« 82 

BIRTHS  83 

MARRIAGES ^ 84 

OBITUARY— Field  Marshal  the  Earl  of  Strafford,  aC.B.,  O.C.H.,  88 ;  Lord  Beytesbury,  90 ; 
General  Sir  H.  E.  Bnnbory,  Bart.,  91 ;  Rer.  James  Hamilton,  98 ;  Mr.  Goddard 

Johnson,  94;  Mr.  Albert  Smith 9Q 

CLERGY  DECEASED g7 

DEATHS  AKBANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER    g7 

Registrar-General's  Return  of  Mortality  and  Births  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  107; 

Meteorotogieal  Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  jQg 

By  STLVANUS  UEBAN,  Gent. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


ARCH^OLOGICAL    INSTITUTE   OP 
GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 

The  Annual  Meeting  o£  the  Institute^ 
for  the  year  1860  will  be  held  at  Glou- 
cester, commencing  Tuesdays,  July  17. 
The  cathedral  presents  a  remarkable  ex- 
emplification of  the  architectural  styles  of 
various  periods ;  and  the  remains  of  cer- 
tain minor  conventual  establishments,  to- 
gether with  the  parochial  churches,  offer 
other  objects  of  attraction.  The  pic- 
turesque ruins  of  Llanthony  Abbey  are  at 
a  short  distance  from  the  city ;  the  neigh- 
bouring district  is  replete  with  vestiges 
of  the  early  British  and  Roman  periods, 
camps,  villas,  mosaic  pavements,  &c,;  as 
Cirencester,  its  Roman  remains,  and  the 
museum  recently  established  by  the  Earl 
Bathurst ;  the  fine  church,  painted  glass, 
&c.;  Fairford  church;  the  abbey  church 
of  Tewkesbury ;  the  remarkable  churches 
of  Deerhurst,  Bredon,  &c. ;  the  important 
examples  of  military  and  domestic  archi- 
tecture, the  castles  at  Berkeley,  Thorn- 
bury,  Sudeley,  Goodrich  (to  be  visited  by 
special  invitation),  and  St.Briavels;  the 
interesting  vestiges  of  early  iron- workings 
in  the  Forest  of  Dean,  &c.  Professor 
Willis  has  promised  to  give  a  discourse  on 
the  Architectural  History  of  Gloucester 
Cathedral.  The  temporary  Museum  of 
Antiquities  and  Works  of  Art,  to  be  formed, 
by  sanction  of  the  cathedral  authorities,  in 
the  college  school,  will  be  one  of  more  than 
ordinary  interest.  Any  information  which 
may  be  desired  will  be  given,  in  Glou- 
cester, by  the  Local  Committee  and  the 
Worshipful  the  Mayor,  their  Chairman. 
Letters  should  be  addressed  to  the  Secre- 
tary, the  Rev.  C.  Y.  Crawley. 

The  admission  to  the  proceedings  of 
the  week  will  be  by  tickets  only,  as  on 
former  occasions..  Tickets  for  gentlemen 
(not  transferable)  one  guinea;  for  ladies 
(transferable)  half-a-guinea. 

BRITISH  ARCH^OLOGICAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

Thb  seventeenth  Annual  Meeting  will 
be  held  at  Shrewsbury.  Aug.  6th  to  11th 
inclusive,  under  the  presidency  of  Bbbiah 
BoTPiELD,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A. 

The  proceedings  will  comprise  vi&ts  to 


the  Abbey  Church  and  St.  Mary's,  Shrews- 
bury, &c. — Bculdwas  Abbey,  Wenlock,  and 
PHory,  Acton  Bumell— Shi£fhal  Church, 
Tong  Church,  White  Ladies,  Boscobel, 
Royal  Oak,  Lilleshall  Abbey—the  Roman 
Lead  Mines  at  Shelve,  and  Roman  Villa 
at  Linley — Ludlow  Castle,  Church,  Ac, 
Stokesay  Castle^  Battlefield  and  Church, 
Haughmond  Abbey  and  Hill,  Camp  on 
Ebury  Hill,  Wroxeter;  the  Excavations 
on  the  site  of  Uriconium,  &c» — together 
with  evening  meetings  for  cUscussion. 

The  churches,  buildings,  &&,  will  be 
commented  on  by  C.  E.  Davis,  Esq., 
F.S.A.;  George  Godwin,  Esq.,  F.R.Sa 
F.S.A. ;  Edward  Roberts,  Esq.  Monu- 
mental Effigies  by  J.  R.  Fllmch^,  Esq. 
The  earthworks,  encampments,  Ac,  by 
the  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  George  Vere 
Irving,  Esq.,  &c. 

Tickets  of  admission,  one  guinea  each, 
for  the  entire  Congress,,  admitting  a  lady 
and  gentleman  (or  ladies'  ticket,  at  half- 
a-guinea),  may  be  obtained  of  the  Com« 
mittee  or  of  the  Hon.  Secretaries. 

KENT  ARCH^OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 
The  third  Annual  Meeting  will  be  held 
at  Dover,  Aug.  1  and  2,  under  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Mabqitess  Cakdbk.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Soci^t^  Fran^ais  d'Archtologie 
have  been  invited  to  attend,  and  the  Kent 
Society  will  in  return  be  cepresented  at 
the  Congr^  Arch^logique  at  Dunkirk, 
on  Aug.  16. 

HERALDIC  QUERY. 

Mb.Ubbai7,— In  Eastham  Church,  Wor- 
cestershire, are  preserved  four  medallions 
from  the  old  Norman  building.  One  con- 
tains a  sagittary,  (the  badge  of  King  Ste- 
phen) ;  a  second  a  leopard ;  a  third  two 
leopards  couchant ;  and  a  fourth  the  Pea- 
chd  Lamb  of  the  Templars,  with  this  in- 
scription,— 

tb- 

OBDiiri  MB  POBlff. 

Will  one  of  your  readers  expound  the 
riddle  ? — Yours,  &c. 

Mackbnzib  Wjllcott,  M.A. 

Otoinff-to  the  length  at  which  we  have 
found  it  necessary  to  report  the  proceedimge 
of  the  Cambridge  Architectural  Congreett 
many  Letters,  Metnews,  and  Ohitwtrise, 
already  in  type,  have  been  unavoidably 
postponed. 


THE 


AND 

HISTORICAL    REYIEW. 


FKOUDE'S  HISTOKY  OF  ENGLAND— EDWARD  VI. 

AND  MARY^ 

We  own  to  a  considerable  disappointment  with  regard  to  these  volumes. 
We  of  course  bore  in  mind  the  general  character  of  the  earlier  part  of  the 
work,  and  therefore  did  not  look  for  either  true  history,  just  appreciation 
of  men,  or  generous  sentiment ;  but  we  thought  that  we  might  at  all  events 
have  vehement  declamation,  glowing  "  word-pictures,"  and  touches  of  ro- 
mance ;  some  new  idol,  and  a  crowd  of  meaner  men  '*  crushed"  to  answer 
the  "  necessities"  of  his  system  of  policy  and  morals.  We  find  the  matter 
altogether  otherwise,  and  these  two  volumes  are  really  very  dull  afiairs. 
Of  course  they  are  not  history ;  nobody  could  expect  that ;  but  they  might 
be  a  prejudiced,  glowing,  showy  romance,  and  as  they  treat  of  the  same 
period,  they  might  be  formidable  rivals  to  "  The  Tower  of  London."  We 
have,  it  is  true,  quite  enough  about  King  Guildford  Dudley,  Renard  the 
ambassador,  and  the  Hot  Gospeller,  but  Mr.  Froude's  pictures  of  these 
notabilities  are  certainly  not  to  be  preferred  to  Mr.  Ainsworth's.  Perhaps 
he  at  last  gave  up  the  contest  in  despair,  and  thus  it  is  that  he  has  not 
placed  on  his  canvas  Xit  and  the  giant  yeomen  of  the  guard. 

Seriously,  however,  there  is  a  very  marked  inferiority  in  these  volumes 
as  compared  with  their  predecessors.  Almost  the  only  resemblance  to  be 
found  is  that  the  old  quarrel  with  Cardinal  Pole  is  kept  up,  and  that 
charges  almost  ludicrously  opposed  to  his  known  character  are  made  ;  but 
of  the  rest  of  the  actors  in  a  roost  eventful  time  the  sketches  are  so  dull 
and  lifeless  that  we  cannot  believe  we  have  the  work  as  the  author  wrote 
it.  It  is  hard  to  conceive  how  a  writer  who  gave  such  vivid,  though 
unjust,  pictures  of  Wolsey  and  Warham,  Fisher  and  More,  Cromwell  and 
Norfolk,  could  content  himself  with  such  feeble  sketches  as  he  now  pre- 
sents.    Somerset  is,  according  to  him,  well-meaning,  but  almost  imbecile ; 

»  "History  of  England  from  the  Fall  of  Wolsey  to  the  Death  of  Elizabeth.  By 
James  Anthony  Fronde,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford."  (London : 
John  W.  Parker  and  Son.) 

Gkht.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  b 


4  Froud^s  History  of  England —  [July, 

the  Admiral  Seymour  a  mere  melodramatic  ruffian;  Northumberland  is 
but  half  a  villain  ;  Cranmer,  Ridley,  Latimer,  Hooper,  have  so  little  indi- 
viduality that  they  might  almost  as  well  not  be  mentioned ;  and  King 
Edward's  existence  is  barely  hinted  at.  Then,  stepping  into  the  next 
reign,  we  are  completely  amazed  at  the  amiable  pictures  of  Gardiner,  Bon- 
ner, and  Queen  Mary.  We  are  convinced  that  these  have  been  supplied 
by  another  hand,  and  that  the  original  ugly  traits  have  been  transferred 
en  masse  to  Mr.  Froude's  pet  abhorrence.  Cardinal  Pole. 

In  former  notices  of  this  work  we  remarked  that  the  author  had  alto* 
gether  mistaken  his  calling — though  he  could  never  be  a  trustworthy  his- 
torian, he  might  be  a  passable  novelist — and  we  venture  to  think  so  still, 
notwithstanding  the  dull  aspect  of  these  volumes  seems  fatal  to  our  view. 
But  we  take  it  that  the  matter  may  fairly  be  explained  in  a  way  which 
must  be  very  gratifying  to  Mr.  Froude,  as  he  is,  to  our  thinking,  a  living 
sacrifice  to  his  worship  of  his  idol,  Henry  VHI.,  and  that  is  a  thing  that 
he  must  be  the  last  man  in  the  world  to  object  to. 

The  fact  of  the  matter  may,  we  apprehend,  be  thus  stated.  If  Mr. 
Froude  had  chosen  to  appear  only  as  the  biographer  of  Henry  VIII. 
instead  of  professing  to  write  history,  not  much  harm  would  have  been 
done.  Great  allowances  are  alwavs  to  be  made  for  the  eccentricities  of 
genius,  and  he  might  have  indulged  his  strange  fancy  of  deifying  the 
Defender  of  the  Faith  to  his  heart's  content.  The  whole  affair  would  have 
been  put  down  to  the  score  of  hero-worship ;  and  though  most  people 
would  have  thought  the  choice  a  strange  one,  yet,  taking  the  volumes  as 
n  mere  literary  exercise,  the  work  of  one  who,  like  Dean  Milner  with  Bishop 
Watson,  was  quite  ready  to  "  change  sides  and  argue  it  over  again,"  they 
would  have  given  him  credit  for  the  skill  with  which  he  sustained  the  part 
of  "  devil's  advocate"  to  the  great  Tudor.  But  unluckily,  with  that  per- 
versity which  usually  attends  **  clever  unwise  men,"  he  chose  to  call  his 
production  "  History,"  and  this  made  the  matter  serious.  People  who 
would  not  have  quarrelled  with  "  facts,"  fancies,  or  language  in  a  professed 
romance,  could  not  quietly  see  them  presented  as  "  the  truth,  the  whole 
truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,"  and  in  consequence  such  a  crowd  of 
objectors  arose  on  the  appearance  of  the  first  instalment,  that  the  publisher 
at  least  saw  the  "necessity"  (a  favourite  word  with  Mr. Froude)  of  the 
services  of  a  judicious  reviser.  When  the  next  two  volumes  came  out,  we 
accordingly  found  occasion  to  remark  on  the  improved  tone  of  language  ^, 
though  it  was  evident  enough  that  the  spirit  was  just  the  same.  Now, 
however,  "necessity"  has  been  pushed  considerably  farther,  and  the  judi- 
cious reviser  has  expanded  into  the  merciless  censor,  who,  except  with 
regard  to  Cardinal  Pole  (a  compromise  probably),  has  cut  out  all  the 
"  strong  language,"  all  the  "  fine  writing,"  all  the  "  pictures  in  a  magic 

^  Gent.  Mag  ,  May,  1858,  p.  481. 


I860.]  Edward  VL  and  Mary.  5 

slide,"  and  has  converted  a  passable  romance  into  a  dull  affair,  which  floats 
between  history  and  novel,  but  with  little  resemblance  to  really  good  speci- 
mens of  either.  Yet  with  all  his  pains  he  has  not  been  able  quite  to  spoil 
it,  for  in  the  scene  of  the  legate  absolving  the  realm  (vol.  vi.  pp.  275—290) 
the  author  triumphs  over  him,  and  is  both  picturesque  and  impressive ;  it 
is  the  very  best  pcut  of  the  book. 

It  may,  we  are  aware,  be  urged  that  Mr.  Froude  has  but  two  idols,  Henry 
and  Elizabeth,  and  having  lost  the  one,  he  is  in  such  a  hurry  to  reach  the 
other,  that  he  is  altogether  careless  how  he  gets  over  the  intervening 
period ;  and  so,  like  an  author  of  older  date,  *'  when  he  is  particularly  dull, 
he  has  a  very  good  reason  for  it."  This  may  be  the  case ;  but  whether  it 
is  or  not,  whether  he  purposely  gives  us  a  parallel  to  the  miracle,  of 

"  Two  dull  lines  by  Stanhope's  pencil  writ,'' 

in  the  portentous  form  of  two  dull  volumes,  or  whether  his  censor  has  re- 
duced the  vehement,  one-sided,  grotesque  original  to  its  present  condition, 
certain  it  is,  that  they  shew  very  poorly  beside  their  predecessors,  and  may 
expect  such  a  reception  from  the  pubhc  as  Shakespeare  describes,  where 
feeble  Richard  follows  the  haughty  Bolingbroke : — 

"  Ab  in  a  theatre  the  eyes  of  men. 
After  a  well-graced  actor  leaves  the  stagey 
Are  idly  bent  on  him  who  enters  next. 
Thinking  his  prattle  to  be  tedious." 

This  is  to  be  regretted,  as  it  may  perhaps  deprive  us  of  the  pleasure  of 
contemplating  the  Virgin  Queen  as  drawn  by  Mr.  Froude.  We  have  bio- 
graphies enough  of  her  already,  we  allow,  but  no  doubt  her  panegyrist 
would  be  so  much  inspired  by  his  theme  that  he  would  not  make  her  reign 
quite  so  dull  as  he  has  contrived  to  render  those  of  Edward  and  Mary. 

But  though  our  author  has  abandoned  all  the  redeeming  traits  of  his 
Henrietde,  he  steadily  adheres  to  his  original  plan  of  telling  but  one  half 
of  the  truth  that  he  finds  in  the  Record  Office.  He  is  as  profuse  as  ever 
in  his  citations  of  statutes,  and  state  papers,  and  Council  Books,  and  am- 
bassadors* despatches,  but,  as  we  shall  shew  in  some  little  detail,  he  notices 
only  what  suits  him.  He  still  indulges  in  the  same  flippant,  offhand  dealing 
with  the  unfortunate,  still  displays  the  same  low  pohtical  molality,  and 
(though  he  is  evidently  under  curb  there)  still  retains  the  same  hatred 
of  the  state  ecclesiastic ;  indeed,  *'  commissioned  and  authoritative  teachers 
of  truth  "  he  very  naturally  holds  in  abhorrence  (vol.  vi.  p.  382). 

To  those  who  have  read  the  former  volumes  of  this  work  it  will  hardly 
be  necessary  to  say  that  no  connected  chain  of  history,  even  in  Mr.  Froude  s 
view  of  it,  is  to  be  looked  for.  Uis  plan  is  to  give  an  epigrammatic  head- 
ing, as  "The  Protectorate,"  or  "The  Martyrs,"  and  then  to  hurry  his 
reader  backward  and  forward,  from  England  to  Scotland,  from  Scotland  to 
France,  from  France  to  Germany,  from  Germany  to  Italy,  and  back  again 


6  Froude^ 8  History  of  England —  U^Jf 

to  England,  very  few  of  the  events  standing  in  order  of  date,  and  fewer 
still  in  any  relation  of  cause  and  effect.  Thus  the  work  is  all  but  unintel- 
ligible to  those  who  have  not  read  complete  and  trustworthy  histories,  and 
to  those  who  have  it  is  clearly  superfluous.  This  "  Don  Juan  mode  of 
arrangement"  (a  term  that  the  late  Sir  William  Napier  once  bestowed  on 
a  much  better  work  than  the  present)  quite  precludes  our  attempting  to 
follow  Mr.  Proude's  resume  of  materials  never  before  published — "  statutes 
and  state  papers  misinterpreted  through  natural  prejudice  and  imperfect 
knowledge,  and  manuscripts  fast  perishing  of  decay  ;"  but  before  we  con- 
clude we  shall  point  out  a  few  of  the  things  that  he  must  have  seen  there, 
but  which  he  has  uncandidly  passed  over  in  silence. 

As  a  clue  to  the  general  treatment  of  his  subject  it  will  be  enough  to  say 
that  Cecil  and  Paget,  being  as  little  troubled  with  a  conscience  as  Henry 
or  Cromwell,  are  of  course  favourites  with  our  author;  and,  equally  of 
course,  the  monastics  restored  by  Mary  are  reviled.  The  monks  of  Glas- 
tonbury "  crawled  back  "  to  their  ruined  house  ;  the  monks  of  Westmin- 
ster "  did  not  do  credit"  to  their  restoration,  for  they  seized  the  funeral 
trappings  of  Anne  of  Cleves  much  as  in  later  times  the  canons  of  Wind- 
sor claimed  the  Duke  of  York's  jewelled  baton  of  field-marshal.  The 
"  party  of  the  movement,"  formerly  praised,  are  now  at  a  discount,  and 
Gardiner  and  Bonner  are  actually  human,  a  piece  of  good-nature  for  which 
one  unfortunate  who  dared  to  oppose  the  great  Henry  is  made  to  pay. 

It  will,  we  imagine,  be  a  surprise  to  most  readers  to  learn  that  Cardinal 
Pole  was  in  reality  the  life  and  soul  of  the  Marian  persecution.  He,  it 
seems,  who  was  half  suspected  of  Protestantism,  goaded  on  the  bishops ; 
he  overruled  the  merciful  Philip  and  his  exemplary  Spanish  confessor ;  he 
alone  caused  Mary  to  acquire  her  odious  appellation.  With  a  refinement 
of  barbarity  he  entrapped  Cranmer  into  submission,  and  then  murdered 
him.  He  was  throughout  his  stay  in  England  the  active  living  principle 
of  persecution ;  it  did  not  commence  before  he  arrived,  and  it  ceased  on 
his  death — what  therefore  can  be  more  clear  than  that  he  was  the  sole 
cause  of  it  ?  It  is  really  pitiable  to  see  a  man  who,  in  the  face  of  plain 
evidence,  can  make  such  charges. 

It  is  only  fair  to  remark  that  Mr.  Froude  is  in  a  very  amiable  temper 
with  everybody  but  Pole.  Bonner  and  Gardiner  are,  strange  to  say,  almost 
civilly  treated ;  Uvedale,  who  bargained  to  betray  the  Isle  of  Wight  to  the 
French,  Thomas,  who  proposed  the  assassination  of  Mary,  and  Nicho- 
las Throckmorton,  who  attempted  to  seize  the  Tower,  are  very  lightly 
passed  over.  Throckmorton  is  allowed  to  have  been  guilty,  but  not  a 
word  is  said  of  the  Statute  of  Attaint  (11  Henry  VII.  c.  24),  by  which  the 
fining  of  the  jury  for  their  untrue  verdict  is  to  be  justified. 

Probably  as  Titus  left  one  of  the  towers  of  Jerusalem  standing  to  shew 
what  had  been  the  strength  of  those  that  he  had  thrown  down,  the  reviser 
ha*  preserved  a  few  passages  as  a  hint  of  what  the  work  originally  was. 


I860.]  Edward  FL  and  Mary,  7 

The  following  description  of  that  first-rate  sport,  hanging  a  priest,  is  in 
Mr.  Fronde's  very  best  style,  and  we  are  really  glad  that  it  is  preserved  to 
us.  The  time  is  just  after  the  siege  of  Exeter  by  the  Cornish  insurgents 
in  1549  :— 

"  An  execution  at  Exeter  is  more  authentic  and  more  characteristic  of  this  time. 
Prominent  inthe  rebel  army  was  Welsh,  the  Vicar  of  St.  Thomas's ;  a  parish  through 
which  the  rulroad  passes  by  the  river-side  in  front  of  the  town.  A  worthy  parish 
priest  of  the  old  type,  Welsh  was  at  once  a  good  believing  Catholic,  a  stout  wrestler 
and  cudgel -player,  a  famous  shot  with  bow,  crossbow,  and  handgun — '  a  good  woodman 
and  a  hardy,'  who  had  brought  down  in  his  day  many  a  noble  buck  in  the  glens  of 
Haldon,  and  levelled,  it  is  likely,  many  a  ranger  from  Powderham  with  his  quarter - 
staff;  '  such  a  one  as  would  not  give  his  head  for  the  polling,  nor  his  beard  for  the 
washing;'  and  withal  'very  courteous  and  gentle  of  demeanour,  and  of  honest 
parentage.' 

*'  This  man  for  his  sins  had  been  a  great  hater  of  the  Prayer-book,  and  a  special  doer 
in  the  siege.  He  had  saved  life  more  than  once,  but  he  had  also  taken  life.  '  One 
Kingsmill,  a  tanner  of  Chagford,'  was  taken  by  the  rebels  with  a  letter  from  the  mayor 
to  Lord  Russell,  and  brought  before  him  for  judgment.  The  vicar  laboured  in  his 
priestly  calling  to  make  his  prisoner  a  rebel,  and  not  succeeding,  had  hanged  him  on 
an  elm-tree  outside  the  west  gate  of  the  city.  And  now  his  own  time  was  come.  '  It 
was  pity  of  him,'  men  thought,  for  he  had  fine  g^s  and  a  fiufi  nature ;  but  there  was 
no  help  for  it ;  Kingsmill's  death  lay  at  his  door ;  a  court-martial  found  it  there ;  and 
he  accepted  his  fate  like  a  gentleman.  A  beam  was  run  out  from  St.  Thomas's  Church 
tower,  from  which  they  swung  him  off  into  the  air;  and  there  Hooker  saw  him  hang- 
ing in  chains  in  '  his  popish  apparel,'  *  a  holy-water  bucket  and  sprinklers,  a  sacring 
bell,  and  a  pair  of  beads'  dangled  about  his  body ;  and  there  he  hung  till  the  clothes 
rotted  away,  and  the  carrion  crows  had  pecked  him  into  a  skeleton ;  and  down  below 
in  St.  Thomas's  Church  order  reigned,  and  a  new  vicar  read  the  English  liturgy." — 
(Vol.  V.  pp.  200,  201.) 

In  the  same  excellent  taste  is  Gardiner  disposed  of  :^ 

"  There  was  something  in  Gardiner's  character  which  was  not  wholly  execrable.  For 
tlurty  years  he  worked  unweariedly  in  the  service  of  the  public ;  his  judgment  as  a 
member  of  council  was  generally  excellent ;  and  Somerset,  had  he  listened  to  his  re- 
monstrances, might  have  saved  both  his  life  and  credit.  He  was  vindictive,  ruthless 
treacherous,  but  his  courage  was  indomitable.  He  resisted  Cromwell  till  it  became  a 
question  which  of  the  two  should  die,  and  the  lot  was  as  likely  to  have  fallen  to  him  as 
to  his  rivaL  He  would  have  murdered  Elizabeth  with  the  forms  of  law  or  without,  but 
Elizabeth  was  the  hope  of  all  that  he  most  detested.  He  was  no  dreamer,  no  high- 
flown  enthusiast,  but  he  was  a  man  of  clear  eye  and  hard  heart,  who  had  a  purpose  in 
his  life  which  he  pursued  with  unflagging  energy.  Living  as  he  did  in  revolutionary 
times,  his  hand  was  never  slow  to  strike  when  an  enemy  was  in  his  power ;  yet  in 
general  when  Gardiner  struck,  he  stooped,  like  the  eagle,  at  the  nobler  game,  leaving 
the  linen-drapers  and  apprentices  to  '  the  mousing  owls.'  His  demerits  were  vast,  his 
merits  were  small,  yet  something. 

"  *  Well,  well,'  as  some  one  said,  winding  up  his  epitaph,  *  Mortuvs  est^  et  sepultus 
est,  et  descendit  ad  inferos  ;  let  us  say  no  more  about  him.' " — (Vol.  vi.  pp.  395,  396.) 

The  following  extract  naay  interest  the  Scottish  Professor  who  has 
recently  so  eloquently  defended  the  patriotic  men  who  **  executed  justice" 
on  Cardinal  Beaton*' ;  he  may  learn  what  they  were  paid  for  it : — 

«  Gent.  Mao.,  June,  1860,  p.  612. 


8  '  ' Froude^s  History  of  England —  [July, 

"  *  The  late  king  having  resolved,  for  various  considerations,  not  only  to  give  certain 
pensions  to  divers  nohlemcn  and  others  which  keep  and  defend  the  Castle  of  St.  An- 
drews for  his  Majesty's  service  and  for  the  advancement  of  the  marriage,  but  also  at  bis 
own  cost  and  charge  to  entertain  a  hundred  and  twenty  men  for  the  more  sure  defence 
of  the  said  castle  against  the  King's  Majesty's  enemies  in  Scotland ;'  in  consequence 
the  privy  council  resolved  'that  11892.  Via.  M,  should  be  paid  to  Sir  Henry  Balnavis 
for  the  affairs  of  Scotland,  that  is  to  say,  for  the  wages  of  eighty  men  within  the  Castle 
of  St.  Andrews  at  Qd,  by  the  day  for  six  months,  the  sum  of  336/.  sterling.  For  the 
wages  of  forty  horse  at  %d.  the  day,  appointed  to  keep  abroad  for  the  more  surety  of  the 
said  castle,  for  six  months,  224/.  For  the  amity  of  the  Master  of  Kothes,  for  one  half 
year  ending  at  Michaelmas  last  past,  125/.  For  the  like  to  the  Laird  of  Grange,  100^. 
For  the  like  to  David  Moneypenny,  50/.  For  the  like  to  Mr.  Henry  Balnavis,  of  Hal- 
hill,  62/.  IQs.  For  the  like  to  John  Leslie,  of  Parkhill,  62/.  lOtf.  James  Leslie,  of  Ab- 
dour,  50/.  W.  Kircaldy,  son  to  the  Laird  of  Grange,  50/.,  which  sums  make,  on  the 
whole,  1060/.;  and  on  the  exchange  1189/.  17*.  3c/.' — Primf  Council  Records,  Feb.  6, 
MS.  Edward  VI."— (Vol.  v.  pp.  30,  31  (note). 

After  the  citation  of  this  little  account  we  will  conclude  our  notice  with 
a  glance  at  some  of  the  authorities  that  Mr.  Froude  has  used  only  as  far 
as  they  suited  him. 

Let  us  take  the  Council-book  of  Mary.  It  is  certainly  known  to  our 
author,  for  he  cites  from  it  the  committal  of  Latimer  to  the  Tower,  but  he 
does  not  tell  us,  though  it  is  all  one  entry,  that  the  old  man  was  allowed 
the  attendance  of  his  servant,  named  Ansly,  a  fact  not  unimportant  in 
judging  whether  his  treatment  was  needlessly  harsh.  He  also  tells  of  the 
imprisonment  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  the  Dudleys  and  Cranmer,  but  he  says 
not  a  word  of  the  entry  of  Dec.  17,  1553,  which  concedes  to  them  the 
unusual  indulgence  of  walking  in  the  garden,  **  as  divers  be  and  have  been 
evil  at  ease  in  their  bodies  for  want  of  air.**  He  also  teUs  us  of  Carew*s 
treason  and  escape,  but  he  makes  no  mention  of  the  order  of  Sept.  22, 
1554,  in  favour  of  his  wife,  who  is  thereby  permitted  to  write  to  him  when 
she  pleases,  *'  and  for  this  one  time  only  relieve  him  with  her  goods," 
and  the  permission  is  granted  avowedly  because  the  queen  considered  that 
in  asking  for  this  she  had  only  acted  the  part  of  a  "  good  and  loving  wife**.'* 
"What  a  contrast  do  these  matters  present  to  the  conduct  of  Henry  to 
his  opponents,  and  how  can  Mr.  Froude  excuse  passing  them  over  ?  For 
Latimer  with  his  servant  in  attendance,  Cranmer  taking  healthful  exercise 
in  the  garden,  and  Sir  Peter  Carew  living  in  safety  on  his  wife's  property, 
and  she  commended  for  supplying  him,  we  have  More,  and  Fisher,  and 
Lord  Thomas   Fitzgerald   suffering  the   extremity  of  poverty®,  and  the 


d  See  Annals  of  England,  vol.  ii.  pp.  230,  233,  236. 

"  See  State  Papers,  Heury  VIII.,  vol.  ii.  p.  402.  This  is  a  letter  in  which  Silken 
Thomas  prays  the  loan  of  £20  from  O'Brien,  prince  of  Tlioniond,  w  ith  whom  ho  had 
lefi  his  plate,  "  to  buy  clothes,  and  amend  his  slender  commons  and  fare,  and  f  r  other 
necciwaries."  He  states  that  he  has  gone  bare-foot  and  bare-legged  many  i in.es,  and 
should  do  so  still,  "  but  that  poor  prisoners  of  their  gentleness  have  sometimes  given 
hhn  old  huse,  and  shoes,  and  bhirts." 


I860.]  Edward  VI.  and  Mary,  9  " 

Countess  of  Salisliury,  after  a  long  imprisonment,  put  to  death  for  corre- 
Bponding  with  her  own  son. 

If  we  take  the  Statute-book  the  case  is  just  the  same.  The  enactmenta 
of  Mary  are  represented  as  all  barbarous,  which  is  not  the  fact,  and  even 
if  it  were,  meDtion  should  be  made  of  the  grounds  for  some  of  them.  Mr, 
Proude  says  nothiog  of  the  "praying  for  the  queen's  death,"  which  is 
given  as  the  reason  of  passing  the  statute  I  Philip  and  Mary,  c.  9  ;  he  has 
not  a  good  word  for  Mary's  statute  which  swept  away  tlie  new-made 
treasons,  prtemunirea,  and  felonies  of  the  two  preceding  reigns  (1  Mary,  c. 
1);  nor  for  that  which  cnndemned  their  mode  of  proceeding  by  attainder 
instead  of  by  trial  (1  Fhilip  and  Mary,  c.  10).  He  will  not  point  out  that 
the  act  against  unhwful  assemblies  (1  Mary,  c.  12)  is  far  less  rigorous 
than  the  parallel  statute  of  1549  (3  and  4  Edward  YI.,  c.  5) ;  he  takes  no 
notice  of  the  appointment  of  commissioners  to  rEStore~"and  re-edify  castles 
and  towns  in  the  northern  counties  (2  and  3  Philip  and  Mary,  c.  1),  nor  of 
a  kind  of  Poor  Law  Board,  to  hold  its  meetings  at  Christ's  Hospital,  for 
systematic  relief  of  the  poor,  established  in  the  same  session  of  Parliament 
(c.  5)  ;  and  thouffb  he  esteemed  trade  of  great  consequence  under  Henry 
VIII.  he  cannot  spare  a  line  to  mention  the  fact  of  intercourse  with  Russia 


originating  in  the  time  of  Mary. 

He  is,  as  we  have  said,  willing  to  allow  some  good  qualities  to  the  queen, 
as  he  thereby  makes  Pole  the  more  detestable  for  corrupting  her.  Here 
again  we  have  the  old  fault  of  telling  only  half  the  truth,  and  with  this 
we  shall  conclude.  He  confesses  that  as  princess  she  was  "  personally 
popular ;"  that  when  she  came  to  the  throne  she  "  pre.'erred  honour 
to  convenience ;"  and  that  as  fast  as  money  came  into  the  treasury  she 
paid  her  father's  and  her  brother's  debts.  She  "  determined  to  spare 
Jane,''  was  with  difficulty  persuaded  to  do  justice  on  Northumberland,  and, 
but  for  the  interposition  of  about  the  last  person  in  the  world  that  we 
should  have  suspected,  she  would  never  have  been  a  persecutor.  But  why 
did  not  Mr.  Froude  glance  over  her  Privy  Purse  Accounts,  which  would 
supply  many  striking  instances  of  piety  and  charity ;  and  still  more,  why 
does  he  pass  over  her  will  without  mention  ?  He  notices  only  a  dying 
request  *'  that  her  debts  might  he  paid,  and  that '  religion'  should  not  be 
changed."  It  cannot  be  that  he  is  ignorant  of  the  existence  of  her  will, 
which  is  dated  the  30th  of  March,  1558,  and  abounds  in  autobiographic 
touches  that  ought  not  to  be  passed  over  by  the  delineator  of  her  character. 
Possibly  the  reason  for  his  silence  is  that  there  is  one  passage  which 
to  common  apprehensions  would  clash  with  his  pictures  of  the  sister  queens. 
Among  other  things,  Mary  bequeaths  400  marks  a-year  for  the  founda- 
tion of  an  hospital  for  old  and  maimed  soldiers,  "  the  which  we  think  both 
honour,  conscience,  and  charity  willeth  should  be  provided  for  ^"  Such  was 

'  See  AnnalB  at  England,  voL  il  p.  221. 


10 


Froude's  History  of  England. 


[July, 


not  the  opinion  of  Elizabeth,  who  confiscated  the  bequest,  as  she  also 
resumed  the  first  fruits  and  tenths.  If  in  a  future  volume  Mr.  Froude 
should  think  it  worth  while  to  mention  this  little  matter,  no  doubt  he  will 
prove  that  she  was  quite  right  in  not  imitating  Mary,  who  "preferred 
honour  to  convenience ;"  his  pattern  "  statesmen"  would  certainly  say  so. 

Many  of  the  omissions  of  Mr.  Froude  are,  as  we  have  already  said, 
such  as  we  can  easily  account  for — they  would  not  square  with  his  theories 
— but  there  is  one  omission  that  certainly  surprises  us.  We  have  recently 
shewn  that  documentary  evidence  exists  of  the  punctual  payment  of  the 
expelled  monastics  s,  and  why  he  has  not  produced  this  really  valuable 
testimony  for  his  idol  we  cannot  conceive.  Is  it  possible  that  these  records 
are  unknown  to  the  indefatigable  new  Historian  of  the  Reformation  ? 


THE  ARMOURY  OP  MAHMOUD  II. 


Fbom  the  recently  issued  "  Official  Ca- 
talogue of  the  Tower  Armories"  we  learn 
that  near  thirty  pieces  of  armour  and  horse 
furniture,  generally  of  a  splendid  descrip- 
tion, now  found  therein,  originally  formed 
part  of  the  contents  of  the  Imperial  Ar- 
senal at  Constantinople.  The  tale  of  their 
acquisition  is  a  singular  one  :— 

"We  are  enabled,  through  the  kindnees  of  the 
Hon.  Robert  Curxon,  to  whose  exertions  it  ia 
owing  that  theae  carious  monuments  have 
reached  England,  to  offer  a  sketch  of  their  his* 
tory,  itom  the  time  they  quitted  the  ancient 
Armory  of  Mahmoud  the  Second  to  the  period  of 
their  deposit  in  the  muaenms  of  Western  Europe. 
*  When  the  present  Sultan,  Abdul  Medjid,'  writes 
Mr.  Cur  son,  *  came  to  the  throne,  he  was  intro- 
duced, according  to  ancient  custom,  to  the  ra- 
rious  palaces,  public  buildings,  and  treasuries  of 
his  predecessors.  He  first  went  to  the  mosque 
of  Ayoub,  where  the  ceremony  of  girding  him 
with  the  sword  of  Osiuan  (analogous  to  our  coro- 
nation) was  performed.  The  original  khan^ar 
of  the  Saltan  Osman.  for  it  was  not  a  sword,  was 
considered  as  the  talisman  of  the  Osmanli  power, 
but  this  weapon  had  been  lost  by  the  late  Sultan 
Mahmoud  when  he  went  on  board  a  ship  in  the 
Bosphorus,  fulfilling  an  ancient  prophecy,  which 
warned  the  sultans  against  any  attempts  at  naval 
power.  So  the  present  saltan  was  girded  with 
some  other  sword.  On  this  occasion  he  found  a 
larKe  corer  of  faded  silk  thrown  over  the  tomb 
of  Ayoub.  This  he  ordered  to  be  cast  aside  and 
replaced  by  new  Cashmere  shawls.  It  was  the 
victorious  standard  of  Mahomed  II.,  which  that 
sultan  had  himself  laid  over  the  tomb.  This 
flag,  after  several  adventures,  has  found  a  rest- 
ing-place in  the  Royal  Armory  at  Turin.  From 
the  mosque  of  Ayoub,  the  new  sultan  went  to 
Bt.  Sofia  and  the  Seraglio.  Here  the  first  build- 
ing he  entered  was  the  andcnt  church  of  Sc. 
Irene,  which  had  been  converted  into  an  armory 


by  Mahomed  II.,  who  filled  it  with  his  own  ar- 
mour, that  of  former  sultans,  and  the  spoils  of 
the  Christian  defenders  of  Constantinople.  All 
this  collection  the  new  sultan  ordered  to  be 
cleared  away,  and  the  walls  new  whitewaahed, 
which  was  done  accordingly.  The  inferior  authori- 
ties, however,  preserved  the  swords  of  Abu  Bekir, 
apd  the  arms  and  armour  of  several  famous  per^ 
socages,  as  well  as  some  pieces  of  armour  thai 
were  covered  with  gold  and  richly  ornamented. 
The  plague  was  then  raging  at  Constantinople, 
and  a  Genoese  vessel,  fearing  to  lade  an  infec- 
tious cargo,  bought  as  much  of  this  armour,  at 
the  price  of  old  iron,  as  could  be  stowed  away  in 
her  hold.  On  arriving  at  Genoa  it  was  shovMled 
out  upon  the  quay :  nobody  bought  it,  and  great 
part  was  carried  away  by  ihe  boys  for  playthings, 
and  many  old  helmets  were  used  by  poor  people 
as  kettles  or  cooking  vessels.  The  remainder, 
much  damaged  by  the  salt  water,  rain,  and 
breakage,  was  at  length  purchased  by  a  Genoese 
gentleman,  in  whose  hands  I  found  it.  I  bought 
as  much  as  he  would  then  sell,  but  subsequently 
he  became  wearied  with  ineffectual  attempts  to 
arrange  the  suits  with  historical  propriety,  and 
disposed  of  much  mure  of  the  collection.  Some 
was  purchased  by  persons  at  Milan,  other  por- 
tions found  buyers  in  other  parts  of  Italy,  and 
the  remainder  was  brought  to  England.  I  pre- 
sume that  most  of  this  armour  is  of  the  be- 
ginning of  the  fifteenth  century,  but  some  of  it 
is  of  the  fourteenth,  and  some  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  The  mark  found  on  many  of  the  pieces 
means  Allah,  the  name  of  God  in  Cuflc,  but  I 
have  no  knowledge  whatever  as  to  where  the 
armour  was  made.  This  mark  occurs  boUi  on 
Oriental  and  Christian  armour,  so  that  poasiblj 
it  may  have  been  added  to  the  trophies  of  the 
victories  of  the  sultans.  As  there  was  constant 
intercourse  between  the  Christians  and  Maho- 
metans in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  ocnturies, 
these  suits  of  armour  may  have  been  made  at 
Damascus,  Brusa,  Iconium,  or  at  Kara  Dagh, 
which  is  still  famous  for  the  fine  blades  of  the 
Circassian  camas  (a  lu*ge  kind  of  dagger)  and 
other  arms  used  in  Perda  and  on  the  uiores  of 
the  Caspian  Sea." 


'  Gent.  Mag.,  June,  1860,  p.  566. 


1 


I860.]  11 


THE  DIARY  OF  GENERAL  PATRICK  GORDON «». 

Gbnbral  Patrick  Gordon  was  one  of  those  Scottish  adventurers  of 
whom  so  many  sought  their  fortunes  on  the  Continent  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  who  in  several  instances  achieved  by  their  military  prowess 
an  enduring  reputation.  His  adventures  have  been  already  made  known 
to  English  readera  by  articles  in  the  "Quarterly  Review"  for  March, 

1852,  and  the  "  Edinburgh  Review"  for  July,  1856.  The  former  of  those 
papers  was  from  the  lively  and  accomplished  pen  of  the  late  Earl  of 
Ellesmere,  and  it  was  published  ia  the  avowed  hope  that  it  might  *'  in- 
duce one  of  the  Scotch  clubs,  or  two  or  three  of  them  m  friendly  alli- 
ance, to  imdertake  an  edition  of  selections  from  the  original  text."  This 
suggestion  has  been  well  responded  to-  by  the-  Spalding  Club,  and  the 
expense  liberaUy  defrayed  at  the  cost  of  Mr.  Beriah  Botfield.  The  Presi- 
dent of  the  Club,  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  then  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury, 
made  applicatbn  to  the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg  for  a  transcript  of  all  the 
passages  of  General  (xordon*s  Diary  which  related  to>  his  native  country, 
and  the  request  was  promptly  granted. 

The  entire  Diary  was  very  voluminous.  Six  thick  quarto  volumes  are 
preserved;  but  others  are  lost  which  contained  the  years  between  1667 
and  1677,  and  between  1678  and  1684.  Early  in  the  last  century  it  was 
in  part  translated  into  the  Russian  language,  and  entirely  into  German ; 
but  its  publication  (in-  the  latter  language),  was  never  accomplished  before 

1853.  It  had,  however,  previously  furnished  valuable  materials  for  several 
important  works.  Professor  Baier  drew  from  it  his  relations  of  the 
Muscovite  campaigns  against  the  Crim  Tartars  in  1688-89,  and  of  the 
siege  and  capture  of  Asof  in  1696 ;.  and  so  many  as  six  books  built  upon 
its  foundations  appeared  in  Russia  between  1766.  and  1834..  The  German 
edition,  commenced  by  Pnnce  Obolenski,  and  completed  by  Dr.  Posselt, 
bears  date  from  1849  to  1853. 

The  present  volume  combines  with  those  passages  of  the  original  which 
relate  to  the  auihor^s  native  country  or  countrymen,,  an  abstract  of  the  rest 
of  the  Diary,  with  occasional  quotations  from  some  of  the  more  remarkable 
passages  of  his  personal  history,  and  those  in  which  the  writer  notices  the 
beginnings  of  his  intimacy  with  Peter  the  Great, — altogether  giving  a  very 
perfect  view  of  the  whole  narrative.  The  diarist  begins  from  his  birth ; 
but,  judging  from  a  change  in  style,  it  is  supposed  that  the  task  was  actually 
commenced  when  he  had  completed  his  twenty-eighth  year, — the  pre- 
ceding portion  being  written  from  memory,  and  that  which  follows  as 
events  occurred. 

*  "  Passages  from  the  Diary  of  Qeneral  Patrick  Gordon  of  Auchleuchrics,  a.d.  1635 
—1699."  (Presented  to  the  Spalding  Club  by  Beriah  Botfield,  of  Norton  HalL)  4to. 
1859. 

Geht.  Mio.  Vol.  CCIX.  c  2 


12 


The  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon. 


[July, 


Patrick  Gordon  was  bom  in  1685,  at 
Aadileucbries,  in  the  sliire  of  Aberdeen. 
HiB  fatber,  though  no  laird,  and  bat  what 
wonld  have  been  called  a  yeoman  in  Eng- 
land, was  wen  descended;  he  was  the 
third  son  of  James  Gordon  of  Methlic  and 
Haddo,  from  whom  the  first  Earl  of  Aber- 
deen^ was  fifth  in  descent;  and  Pktrick 
lived  to  see  that  dignity  conferred  upon  bis 
consin  in  1682.  The  small  estate  of  Aucb- 
lenehries  (worth  only  some  80^.  sterling 
a>-year,  and  tlut  overwhelmed  by  wadsets, 
or  mortgages^)  was  the  inheritance  of  the 
General's  mother,  Mary  Ogilvie,  through 
whom  he  could  claim  relationship  to  the 
noble  house  of  Deskford  and  Findlater. 
From  that  side  he  had  his  nurture  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith. 

He  had  received  an  imperfect  education 
in  some  of  the  parochial  schools  of  his 
native  country,  and  was  prevented  by  his 
creed  from  going  to  a  Scotish  university, 
when  at  sixteen  he  expressed  his  desire  to 
seek  his  fortune  abroad,  and  his  family 
were'reactily  persuaded  to  consent.  There 
was  both  military  and  commercial  employ- 
ment to  be  found  on  the  Continent,  of 
which  the  natives  of  Scotland  had  very 
largely  availed  themselves.  But  it  does 
not  a{^)ear  that  Gordon's  views  were  at 
first  directed  to  either  of  these  resources. 
His  education  was  scarcely  finished,  and 
by  the  advice  of  a  countryman  named 
Robert  Blackhall,'a  canon  of  Frauensberg 
in  Prussia,  he  went  to  the  Jesuits'  college 
at  Braunsberg,  in  the  same  country. 

But  he  there  discovered  that  "  his  hu- 
mour could  not  endure  such  a  still  and 
strict  way  of  living;"  whereupon  he  took 
his  departure  *,  and  wandered  forth  very 

^  Sir  George  Gordon  of  Haddo,  afterwardB  the 
first  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  was  bom  in  1637.  It 
aeemi  extraordinary  that  he  should  stand  in  the 
family  pedigree  two  whole  generations  below  his 
cousin,  the  subject  of  this  article. 

•  It  does  not  appear  how  long  Gordon  stayed 
with  the  Jesuits.  It  was  from  1651  to  1653,  and 
poesibly  less  than  two'years.  In  his  biography, 
as  sketched  both  in  the  *' Quarterly"  and  the 
**  Edinburgh  Reyiew,*'  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
there  three  years,  and  departed  without  leave- 
taking.  This  does  not  agree  with  the  original, 
of  which  the  words  are,  '*  Wherefor  takeing  my 
leav  I  resolved  to  return  home  again,  md  on  a 
Tuesday,  about  ten  o'clock,  I  took  my  Jomey  on 


much  in  the  conation  made  familiar  to  us 
in  the  case  of  Gil  Bias : — 

''After  I  had  gone  a  pretty  way  into 
the  wood,  and  doubting  whether  I  was 
right  or  not,  1  began  with  serious  thoughts 
to  connder  my  present  conditioB,  calHng 
to  mind  from  whenee  I  was  come,  from 
my  most  loveing  parents  and  fHends*  and 
where  I  was  now,  among  strangers,  whose 
language  I  understood  not,  [for  he  had 
talked  only  Latin  with  the  Jesuits,!  tra- 
velling myself  knew  not  well  whither, 
haveing  but  seven  dollars  by  me  which 
could  not  last  long,  and  when  that  was 
gone  I  knew  not  where  to  gett  a  fitrthing 
mmre  for  the  great  journey  and  voyage 
which  1  intended.  To  serve  or  work  I 
thought  it  a  cKsparagement,  and  to  begg 
a  greater." 

Such  was  the  orcKnary  sentiment  of  the 
Scotish  cadets  of  the  higher  class.  They 
had  adopted  as  a  maxim  the  exclamation 
of  the  unjust  steward,  "  I  cannot  dig,  to 
beg  I  am  ashamed."  The  alternative  was, 
to  become  either  a  scholar  or  a  soldier. 
This  state  of  things  is  precisdy  described 
by  a  contemporary,  and  another  Gk)rdon» 
in  the  following  passagpe  quoted  by  the 
editor: — 

"Negotiatio  urbanis  relinquitur:  me- 
liores  (magno  suo  malo)  id-  vite  genvs  Qt 
natalibus  impar  dedignantur ;  unde  isopia 
multis ;  cui  levandsa  ad  tractanda  arma  se 
accingunt,  quie  multis  kxns  apod  exteroi, 
Belgas  prsBsertim,  Germanos  et  Gkdlos, 
semper  amicam  illis  et  adamatam  gentem, 
a  multis  annis  cum  laude  exercuenmt ;  in- 
geniis  enim  acribus  et  fervidis,  sive  Musis 
sive  Marti  se  mancipent,  non  leviter  pro- 
ficiunt." — (DescripHon  of  Aherdeenthire, 
ioritten  about  1650,  hf  Sobert  Gordon  o/^ 
Straloch,) 

Some  of  the  most  curious  passages  of 
the  book  are  those  relating  the  writer's 
debates  with  himself  and  his  fHends  upon 
choosing  between  a  mercantile  and  a  mili- 
tary life ;  from  which  we  gather  intima- 
tions of  the  large  numbers  of  Scotchmen 
who  were  settled  in  the  North  of  Europe 
in  both  those  occupations.  At  last,  with 
the  view  of  becoming  a  soldier,  Gordon 

-■■■■        ■-■■■  •■       I— ■»  —  ^  ■  ■»  II 

foot  to  save  expences,"  ftc.  As  the  Edinburgh 
and  Quarterly  reviewers  re'transkUed  a  German 
version,  it  is  not  surprising  that  they  fell  into 
misapprehensions;  and  their  discovery  makes 
the  acquisition  of  the  original  text  the  mors 
valuable. 


I860.] 


The  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon. 


went  to  Wbtbbw,  to  aeek  ths  Duke  Jan 
Radz[vi1,  Who  he  waa  told  "  hod  »  I)fe 
compiiny,  all  or  moct  Scottiemen."  He 
failed  in  tMa  object,  and  wu  aguu  about 
to  return  to  Scotland,  when  at  Hamburg 
he  met  with  BOmB"S«edB  officiers,  very 
busy  leryiDg  and  listing  of  lODldiera." 

"In  all  thdr  difcourses  they  extolled 
a  K.nldier'a  Ivfe,  telling  that  richea,  honour, 
and  all  aorta  of  worldly  blesaings  lay 
proatrate  at  a  aouldier'a  feet,  wanting 
only  bis  will  to  atoop  and  take  them 
np;  then,  falling  out  in  coinmendatiiin 
of  onr  countrymen,  than  whom  no  bettt  r 
gqjora  were  of  any  nation  to  be  found,  and 
that,  albeit  natnre  bad  endued  tliem  with 
a  gpiiiua  fitt  for  any  thing,  yat  did  tliey 
despite  thp  ease,  advantage,  or  conteiit- 
ment  any  other  trade  might  faring-,  and 
embraced  that  of  a  aoaldicr,  which,  with- 
out nil  dispute,  is  the  moit  honourable." 

He  was  now  enlisted  by  a  ooantrjman 
named  Gardin,  and  joined  the  army  of  the 
King  of  Sweden  in  its  invasion  of  Poliind. 
During  the  next  aii  ytara  he  saw  much 
service  and  received  aeveral  wounds,  lie 
served  altcruatoly  in  the  armica  of  Sweden  . 
and  I'olnnd.  When  taken  prisoner  by  tha 
Poll  a,  ho  joined  their  ranka;  when  re- 
captured by  the  Swedes,  he  again  took 
aervico  with  them.  Again  he  joined  the 
Poles,  and  diatingoished  himself  in  the 
defeat  of  the  Russians  at  Czudno  ;  but  iu 
the  next  year  he  entered  tlw  Muscovite 
service,  in  which  his  fortune  was  even- 
tually made.  From  time  to  time  he  made 
several  attempta  to  return  home,  but  the 
Muscovite  valued  him  too  highly  to  part 
with  him.  When  Jamea  11.,  a  prince 
of  Gordon's  own  fcith,  wo*  reigning  in 
Great  Britain,  ho  became  more  than  ever 
desirotig  to  obtain  hia  dischai^  :  the 
King  wrote  a  tetter  to  the  Czar,  the 
Dnke  of  Gordon  addressed  the  Russian 
premier  Golitzin,  and  Gordon  himself 
petitioned  to  be  permitted  to  take  liia 
leave.  The  only  result  was  a  threat  of 
banishment  to  some  remote  part  of  the 
empire,  and  degradation  to  the  rank  of 
ensign-  Ha  had  acarccly,  by  the  lowliest 
anbmission,  obtained  a  pardon  of  this 
sentence,  when  ho  received  a  letter  from 
the  Earl  of  Middleton,  informing  him  that 
King  JamcB  bad  honoured  him  "  with  the 
Uisi.  MiS.  Vol,  CCIX. 


13 

character  of  hia  Envoy  Extraordinary  to 
their  Czaarish  Majesties."  This  had  nearly 
made  matters  worse.  When  he  shewed 
the  letter,  he  waa  told  to  "translate  it 
into  Latin,  and  give  it  into  the  office  to 
be  translated  into  Rusae ;  and  this  because 
they  had  no  English  tranalator," — so  little 
was  our  language,  now  nincb  studied  in 
Rusraa,  then  understood  in  that  country. 
The  answer  was,  "  that  Livetennant-Gene- 
ral  Patrick  Gordon  cannot  bo  Extraor- 
dinary Envoy  from  the  King  totheTzaars, 
because  he  is  to  be  in  tbe  great  army  in  this 
expedition  against  the  Turlu  end  Tartars." 
Hia  military  services  were  really  required, 
and  they  were  rendered  with  zeal  and 
efficiency.  So,  this  difficulty  t>eing  well 
got  over,  he  l>eeame,  two  years  later,  full 
General,  and  waa  taken  into  the  familiar 
confidence  of  Peter  tbe  Great.  To  that 
powerful  monarch  Gordon  au^eated  that 
policy  towards  Turkey  which  has  been 
continued  by  tha  succeeding  Czars  until 
the  present  time.  In  1689  he  received 
the  ennobled  dcaignation  of  Ivanowitsch  : 
in  1696  he  distinguished  himself  in  cap- 
turing the  town  of  Asof,  then  suffi^ring  a 
second  year's  siege  i  and  in  16W  be  de- 
feated the  rebellious  Strelitzea,  by  whom 
the  stability  of  the  Muscovite  throne  waa 
acriously  threatened.  In  1699  Patrick 
Gordon  died,  at  tbe  age  of  siity-four. 
Tlie  Czar,  who  had  visited  him  five  times 
in  his  illness,  and  twice  during  the  night 
before  hia  death,  stood  weeping  by  his 
bedside,  and  the  eyes  of  one  who  had  left 
Scotland  a  poor  unfriendeil  wanderer  were 
closed  by  the  hands  of  an  Emperor-  Peter 
biinself  ordered  the  funeral  procession,  and 
took  bis  place  in  its  long  line,  accompanied 
by  all  the  pomp  of  hia  empire,  and  fol- 
lowed by  the  representatives  of  most  of 
the  great  powers  of  Europe. 

On  two  occasions  General  Gordon  was 
permitted  to  come  to  England,  though 
only  as  a  visitor,  and  his  accounts  of  those 
journeys  are  not  the  least  interesting  por- 
tions of  his  Diary. 

The  first  was  made  in  the  year  166B, 
when  he  was  the  bearer  of  n  letter  from 
the  Czar  to  King  Charles  II.  After  a 
journey  which  occupied  three  months, 
(aud   wliigh    is    minutely   described,)   he 


The  Diary  of  Genm*al  Patrick  Gordon. 


14 

1 

anded  at  Deptford  on  the  2nd  of  Oc- 
tober, and  was  thence  conducted  to  Peck- 
ham,  where  he  was  heartily  welcomed  by 
Sir  John  Hebden,  then  Russian  resident 
in  this  country  : — 

"So  I  stayed  some  dayes  here  untill  I 
iiirnished  myself  and  suite  with  cloathes 
and  liveryes ;  and,  because  the  Court  was 
in  mourning,  I  thought  fitt  to  conforme 
myself  to  that,  putting  myself  in  deep 
mourning;  my  brother-in-law  [Charles  von 
Beckhoven],  who  was  to  carry  before  me 
the  Kmpcrour's  letters,  in  halfe  mourning; 
but  my  servants  in  my  ordinary  livery, 
which,  because,  conforme  to  my  instruc- 
tions. I  was  not  to  have  any  publick  entry 
or  audience,  needed  not  to  be  numerous. 

"  Ilaveing  furnislied  myself  with  all 
things,  I  went  privately  to  London,  which 
lay  smoaking  in  its  ashes  [after  the  Great 
Fire],  and  took  up  my  lodging  in  the 
Strand,  a  little  above  Ivy  Lane,  in  an 
apothecaryes  house 

"  About  six  o'clock  at  night  I  was  sent 
for,  and  brought  to  the  Earle  of  Lawder- 
dale's  lodgings,  being  accompanycd  by  Sir 
John  llebden,  and  Mr.  James  Metellane, 
his  lordship's  secretary.  The  Karle  of 
Lawdi  rdale  received  me  very  kindly,  and, 
behig  informed  more  particularly  of  the 
circumstance  of  my  business,  he  conducted 
me  to  his  Majesty,  who  was  newly  re- 
turned from  seting  a  French  ship  which 
was  taken. 

"  I  found  his  Majesty  standing  umler  a 
canopy,  bare-headed,  with  many  nobles 
about  him.  Being  entred  the  roome,  and 
performed  the  usuall  reverences,  I  tooke 
the  Kmperour's  letters  from  my  brother- 
in-law.  After  I  had  [made]  the  short 
complement,  his  Majesty  was  pleased  to 
receive  the  letters  with  his  ownc  hand, 
and  gave  them  off  immediately  to  one 
standing  by,  and  asked  me  for  the  good 
health  of  his  Majesty,  which  I  answered 
after  the  ordinary  way.  Then  his  Majesty 
was  pleased  to  say,  that  this  message  was 
so  much  the  more  acceptable  that  the 
Tzaar  had  been  pleased  to  entrust  one  of 
his  owne  subjects  with  it,  and  caused  tell 
me  that  I  might  use  the  freedomo  of  the 
Court."  .... 

"  Oct,  11.  The  King's  locksmith,  by 
order,  brought  a  key  which  opened  the 
doorcs  to  the  parkes,  galleries,  and  other 
passages  in  the  Court,  to  whom  I  gave 
twenty  shillings,  and  to  his  attendant 
fyve,  my  name  being  graved  on  it. 

"  Being  not  well  accommodated  in  the 
Strand,  1  removed  to  Hay  Market,  and 
lodged  in  Mr.  Robert  Ranyes,  at  the  signe 
of  the  Two  Blew  Bulls,  where  I  had  ex- 


[July, 


ceeding  good  accommodation.  I  sent  my 
brother-in-law  Charles  to  the  dancing  and 
writeing  school. 

"  Oct  16.  I  had  conference  with  the 
Lord  Chancellour  [Clarendon]  in  his  house, 
he  being  sick  of  the  gowt. 

"  Oct,  21.  Being  Sunday,  I  hired  a 
coach,  and  rode  to  Hi<;hgate,  and  dined 
with  the  Earl  of  Lawderdale,  and  returned 
in  the  evening. 

"  Oct,  23.  I  had  another  conference 
with  my  I^rd  Chancellor  and  Sir  William 
Morice,  the  Secretary  of  State,  at  the 
Lord  Chaincellor's  house. 

"  Nov.  13.  I  had  the  third  conference 
with  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  where  wee  debated  the 
business  I  came  for,  as  also  that  of  the 
privileges,  very  sharply 

"  Dec.  9.  I  went  to  the  Tower,  and  see 
the  crowne,  scepter,  juwels,  armes,  and 
magflzino,  which  cost  me  in  wages  one 
pound  thirteen  shillings. 

**  Dec,  10.  I  had  my  last  conference 
with  the  Lord  Chancellour  in  his  h«»use. 
He  told  me  the  King's  resolution,  and  the 
Counsell's,  concerning  my  business,  and  an 
answer  that  I  was  to  have ;  and  that  his 
Royal  Maje^tyhad  commanded  to  give  me 
two  hundred  pund  sterling  upon  the  ac- 
count of  my  expences,  and  a  gift. 

"Jan.  18.  I  was  sent  for  to  have  my 
last  audience  of  his  Majesty,  who  received 
me  very  graciously,  and  delivered  the 
letters  to  the  Tzaar  out  of  his  owne  hand 
to  me,  desiring  to  be  remembred  to,  and 
salute,  his  deare  and  loveing  brother; 
which  promiseing  to  d\  I  then  thanked 
his  Majestic  for  his  great  favours  to  me. 
So,  being  admitted  to  kiss  his  Majesties 
hand,  I  took  leave,  and  was  reconducted 
to  my  lodging 

"  The  next  day  I  was  conducted  to  his 
Royall  Highness  the  Duke  of  York,  .who, 
with  much  favour,  received  me  and  dis- 
missed me 

"  I  went  and  tooke  my  leave  of  the 
Lord  Chancellour,  who  was  still  sick  of 
the  gowt,  in  his  lodgings  in  Berkshire 
House. 

**Jan.  22.  The  King  sent  Sir  Harbert 
Price  to  mo,  to  bring  me  to  his  Majestie 
againe,  whom  wee  found  just  comeing  out 
of  his  bed-chamber.  The  King  was  pleased 
to  speake  to  mc  so :  *  Colonell  Gordon,  I 
have  a  servant  there  in  Russia,  called 
Caspar  Calthofte,  for  whom  I  have  written 
diverse  tyraes  to  your  Emperour.  I  won- 
der that,  at  our  desire,  he  doth  not  dis- 
miss him.  Pray  speak  to  the  Emperour 
that  he  dismiss  him.'  1  answerod  that, 
*How  soone  I  shall  have  the  honour  to 
see  his   Imperiall  M^estie,  I  shall    not 


I860.] 


The  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon. 


15 


fail  to  show  your  Majesties  desire  and 
pleasure/  His  Majesty  replyed:  'Pray 
do ;  I  wish  you  a  good  jorney.* " 

We  have  omitted,  for  brevity's  sake,  some 
of  the  minor  incidents  of  Colonel  Gordon's 
stay,  as  his  dinners  with  the  Earl  of 
Rothes,  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Lord  Middle- 
ton,  and  others ;  and  his  entertaining  his 
friends  and  the  Russian  merchants  at 
the  "  Cock,"  and  other  of  the  best  taverns 
of  that  day.  We  may  add,  however,  that, 
before  his  last  audience  with  the  King,  he 
"  caused  make  cloaths  ready  for  my  selfe 
and  suite  after  the  new  fashion.**  This 
was  "the  King's  new  fashion,"  which 
Pepys  mentions  at  the  same  date,  stating 
that  his  Majesty  had  "  declared  his  resolu- 
tion of  setting  a  fashion  for  clothes,  which 
he  will  never  alter,"  the  object  being  "to 
teach  the  nobility  thrift."  The  Editor  has 
referred  to  this  and  several  other  passages 
in  Pepys's  Diary  upon  the  subject ;  but  he 
has  not  adverted  to  the  circumstance  that 
in  Evelyn's  Diary  the  "new  fashion"  is 
more  particularly  described.  It  was  on  the 
18th  of  October  (according  to  that  diarist) 
that  his  Majesty  for  the  first  time  "put 
himself  solemnly  into  the  Eastern  fashion 
of  vest,  changing  doublet,  stiff  collar, 
hands  and  cloake,  into  a  comely  dress, 
after  the  Persian  mode,  with  girdles  or 
straps ;  and  shoe-strings  and  garters  into 
bouckles,  of  which  some  were  set  with 
precious  stones;  resolving  never  to  alter 
it,  and  to  leave  the  French  mode,  which 
had  hitherto  obtained,  to  our  great  ex- 
penoe  and  reproch."  Evelyn  himself  had 
adopted  this  new  fashion  by  the  30th  of 
the  month,  and  went  to  his  office  wearing 
"the  vest  and  surcoat,  or  tunic  as  'twas 
call'd,  after  his  Majesty  had  brought  the 
whole  Court  to  it.  It  was  a  comely  and 
manly  habit,  too  good  to  hold,  it  being 
impossible  for  us  in  good  earnest  to  leave 
the  Monsieurs'  vanities  long." 

We  are  not  aware  whether  the  qaes- 
tion  has  ever  been  answered,  that  was 
put  by  the  Editor  of  Evelyn,  Whether 
there  are  any  existing  portraits  of  Charles 
or  his  courtiers  in  this  Persian  attire? 
On  further  reference  to  Pepys  we  find 
that  he  thus  describes  it,  as  "being  a 
long  cassock  close  to  the  body,  of  black 


cloth,  and  pinked  with  white  silk  under  it, 
and  a  coat  over  it,  and  the  legs  ruffled 
with  black  riband  like  a  pigeon's  leg; 
and,  upon  the  whole,  (adds  our  old  friend,) 
I  wish  the  King  may  keep  it,  for  it  is  a 
very  fine  and  handsome  garment." 

Gordon's  visit  to  the  English  Court  in 
the  reign  of  James  II.  was  made  for  his 
own  pleasure  only;  but  he  was  received 
with  as  much  personal  consideration  as 
before,  and  the  details  are,  on  the  whole, 
still  more  interesting.  It  was  on  the  16th 
of  April,  1686,  that  he  had  his  first  audi- 
ence of  King  James,  having  on  the  pre- 
vious day  furnished  himself  with  a  periwig 
that  cost  £7  sterling,  a  hat  which  cost 
£2  10s.,  silk  stockings  12s.,  and  other 
requisite  attire : — 

"  April  16.  About  eight  a  clock  Generall 
Drummond  gave  me  notice  that  it  was 
tyme.  I  tooke  a  chaire,  and  went  downe 
to  his  lodging,  and  with  him  to  Court  to 
my  Lord  Melfort's  lodging;  who,  after 
halfe  a  houres  stay,  introduced  me  to  his 
Majestic,  in  the  comeing  out  of  his  bed- 
chamber ;  who  was  pleased  to  receive  me 
very  graciously.  And  haveing  kissed  his 
Majesties  hand  with  the  usuall  ceremonies, 
and  a  short  compliment,  his  Majestic  asked 
many  questions  concerning  the  Tzars,  the 
countrey,  the  state  of  effaires,  the  militia 
and  government,  as  also  of  my  jorney  and 
many  other  particulars 

"April  17.  I  tooke  a  chaire  in  the 
morning,  and  went  with  Lievetennant- 
Generall  Drummond  to  Court,  and  waited 
upon  the  King  in  the  Park,  at  his  walke, 
and  also  in  the  evening 

"April  21.  Attending  his  Majestic  at 
his  walke  in  Arlington  gardens**,  he  was 
pleased,  walking  up  and  dovra  the  alley, 
to  speake  with  me  about  half  a  houre, 
enquiring  particularly  armcs,  and  manner 
of  warring,  the  business  of  Czegrin,  [in 
the  defence  of  which  Gordon  had  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  1678,]  and  many 
other  things. 

"  April  22.  According  to  my  ordinary 
custome,  I  went  and  waited  on  the  King, 
at  his  walking  in  the  Parke.  I'he  King 
caused  try  the  new  invention  of  the  pump 
made  by  Sir  Robert  Gordon;  but,  some 
things  breaking  therein,  it  took  no  effect. . . 


'  Arlington-gardens  were  on  tbe  site  of  the 
present  Green  Park,  extending  from  Arlington- 
house,  in  the  direction  of  the  Queen's  present 
palace  at  Pimlico.  They  were  often  called  the 
M  olberry-gardens. 


16 


The  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon. 


[July, 


"April  25.  Heard  devotion  at  St.  James's, 
where  was  the  King  and  Queen,  who  dined 
puhlickcly  this  day.  with  musiclc,  at  which 
I  stayed,  and  was  forced  to  dine  alone 
afterwards. 

"  April  26.  Hearing  that  the  King  in- 
tended to  go  to  Chattam,  I  procured  a 
note  from  my  Lord  Melfort  to  be  taken 
aboard  one  of  the  King's  yachts :  and  so, 
accordingly,  went  in  coach  to  Billingsgate, 
the  King  being  at  dinner  in  the  Tower 
by  my  Lord  Dartmouth*;  and,  hireing 
a  boat,  wee  came  to  Detford,  and  was  re- 
ceived aboard  of  a  yacht,  which  wee  could 
have  done  without  a  note,  there  being  six 
yachts,  and  very  few  attendants  with  the 
King.  Being  come  to  Tilberry  skonce, 
over  against  Gravesand,  the  King  went 
a  shoare,  and  went  round  the  fortress, 
takeing  a  view  of  every  thing,  and  asked 
my  opinion  concerning  the  fortifications 
and  oppurtcnauces,  which,  as  reasonable, 
I  extolled.  The  King  made  hast  to  the 
yacht,  and  was  saluted  from  the  fort  by 
all  the  cannon,  as  also  from  all  the  ships 
comeing  down  the  river,  and  the  Tower 
at  parting ;  but  the  yacht  wherein  I  was 
bein;^  gone  farr  dowue,  we  recovered 
another,  and  was  taken  in,  and  so  sailed 
downe  till  within  some  miles  of  Sherness. 
"  April  27.  About  six  a  clock,  the  King 
went  ashore  to  Shirness,  and  went  round 
the  fortifications,  and,  being  in  the  top  of 
a  tower,  asked  me  what  I  thought  of  the 
fortress  ?  I  answered,  that  it  was  exceed- 
ing well  contrived,  and  well  furnished, 
and  that  I  wondered  how  the  D:itch  durst 
adventure  up  towards  Chattam  ^  haveing 
such  obstacles  in  the  way.  The  King  said, 
No,  you  are  mistaken ;  there  was  no  such 
thing  as  this  then,  only  a  small  skonce,  and 
ill  furnished.  I  replyed,  that  it  gave  me 
greater  cause  to  wonder  that  such  a  con- 
siderable station  for  bhips  should  have 
been,  in  such  a  tyme,  so  ill  secured.  The 
King  replyt'd.  You  say  well ;  indeed,  they 
have  learned  us  witt.  And  being  come 
into  the  govcmour*s  house,  and  takeing 
a  standing  breakfast,  he  asked  me  many 
more  things,  as  what  armes  wc  used  in 
Kussia?  and  what  discipline  ?  as  also  what 
family  of  the  Gordons  1  was  of?  if  of 
the  Aberdeen's  family  ?  and  many  other 
things.  The  Kin^i:  made  hast  aboard,  and, 
our  yacht  boat  being  gone,  I  hired  a  pair 
of  oares,  which,  because  of  the  contrar 
•wind,  could  not  gett  rowed  up  to   the 

*  He  was  Treasurer  of  tbe  Ordnance.  Gordon 
ordinarily  uses  the  preposition  *'  by"  in  the  sense 
of  urith. 

'  When  they  burned  the  EnglLih  ships,  in 
June,  1667. 


yachts,  who  were  all  under  saile;  which 
the  King  seeing,  sent  the  boat  himself 
was  brought  aboard  in  to  take  me  in, 
which  put  me  aboard  of  otje  of  the  yachts, 
which  cost  me  fyve  shillings.  We  plyed 
up  the  river  Medway  to  Chattam,  where, 
going  ashoare,  the  King  was  saluted  as  at 
Shirnessc,  by  all  the  cannons  from  the  forts 
and  shipps.  The  King  viewed  the  shipps 
which  were  a  building,  and  then  see  fyve 
companies  of  CoUonell  Kirk's  regiment  ex- 
ercized; the  Lievetennant  Colonell,  who 
exercised  them,  being  on  horseback,  and 
the  King  with  all  his  attendants  on  foot, 
llie  King  missed  six  men  out  of  the  com- 
pany of  grenadiers,  which  the  Lieveten- 
nant CoUonell  excused.  The  King,  haveing 
dined  here,  went  aboard  of  his  yacht, 
which,  in  coneing  up,  had  broken  her 
boyersprit  on  one  of  the  great  ships, 
whereof  many  lay  in  this  river,  and  all 
the  forts  were  now  so  well  furnished  with 
cannon,  that  neither  Dutch  nor  devil  dare 
adventure  againe.  .  . . 

"  Mat/  4.  Saw  the  tragedy  of  Hamlet, 
Prince  of  Denmark,  acted  in  Whitehall, 
in  the  presence  of  the  King,  Queen,  and 
all  the  Court. 

"  Mat/  6.  I  saw  the  Scots  Batallion  ex- 
ercized in  the  Hide  Parke  before  the 
King  and  Queen,  and  saw  the  comedy 
*  Rehearsal'  acted." 

Tlie  last  and  the  most  interesting  audi- 
ence of  Gordon  with  James  II.  took  place 
at  Windsor,  on  the  14th  of  May  : — 

"  About  ten  aclock  I  came  thither,  and 
haveing  shifted  myself  I  went  to  Court,  and 
found  the  King  walking  in  the  Parke,  and 
ready  to  returno.  His  Sacred  Majesty  was 
graciously  pleased  to  tell  to  the  Earl  of 
S'ewersham  what  I  was,  and  then  asked 
me  if  I  had  ever  been  th»'re  before,  and 
what  I  thought  of  the  place  ?  I  answered 
to  his  Majesties  satisfaction.  In  going 
through  the  roomes,  his  Sacred  Majesty 
told  me  that  in  the  evening  he  would 
speake  with  me.  So,  having  heard  devo* 
tion,  and  seen  the  King  dine,  I  went  to 
my  lodging  and  dined,  and  about  four 
aclock  went  to  the  Court  againe,  and 
passed  the  tyme  in  viewing  the  large  and 
well  decored  roomes  in  the  ^ilace,  and  went 
afterwards  into  the  Parke,  and  viewed  all 
the  walkes  and  conveniences  of  it;  this 
being  a  most  delightful  place,  and  haveing 
a  most  delicate  prospect.  About  six  a 
clocke,  the  King,  with  the  Queen,  came 
to  walke  in  the  Parke,  accompanyed  with 
the  Prince  George,  and  after  one  houres 
divertissement  returned.  In  the  evening, 
about  suns<3tt,  the  King,  being  in  one  of 
the  great  chambers,  called  me  to  a  comer 


I860.] 


The  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon. 


17 


of  the  roome,  and  entered  in  a  large  dis- 
course with  me,  enquireing  where,  and 
how  long,  I  had  served  abroad,  and  many 
other  things  relating  to  military  affaires ; 
to  all  which  I  answered  as  well  as  I  could. 
He  was  graciously  pleased  to  tell  me,  that 
I  should  make  haste  to  returne,  and  that 
be  would  have  a  care  of  me,  and  do  for 
me  what  he  could ;  which  discourse  lasted 
above  halfe  aue  houre,  and  then  dismiss- 
ing me,  about  halfe  aue  houre  thereafter, 
I  seeing  his  Majesty  going  towards  his 
closet,  went,  and  sitting  downe  on  my 
knee,  his  Majesty  graciously  gave  me  his 
hand  to  kisse.  And  haveing  not  seen  any 
of  our  Scots  nobility,  or  any  acquaintance 
to  address  me  to  the  Queen,  I  begged  of 
his  Majesty  the  honour  to  kiss  the  Queen's 
hand ;  whereat  his  Majestic  smileing,  was 
pleased  to  conduct  me  to  the  Queen,  who 
was  sitting  at  a  table  with  some  ladies  at 
cardes;  and,  the  King  acquainting  her, 
beckoned  to  me  to  come  nearer,  when  I 
had  the  honour  to  kiss  her  Majesties  hand, 
which  gave  occasion  of  discourse  to  the 
nobility  and  courtiers,  some  saying,  This 
gentleman  hath  gott  a  fine  introductor 
indeed.  The  King,  in  passing  by,  was 
pleased  to  say  to  me,  You  must  not  stay 
long  there;  and.  Wee  shall  write  to  the 
Tzaars  about  you.** 

ITie  consequent  effort  that  was  made  to 
bring  Gordon  back  to  his  native  country, 
and  its  unsuccessful  issue,  we  have  already 
noticed.  Upon  the  passage  we  have  last 
quoted,  the  Editor  has  remarked  in  his 
Preface : — 


€t 


Ue  warms  into  something  like  a  com- 
municative mood  in  his  interviews  with 
James  the  Second.  Between  th  it  Prince 
and  himself  there  was  the  strong  bond  of 
common  zeal  for  a  proscribed  faith,  and  it 
is  easy  to  see  what  was  in  the  mind  of  the 
monarch  during  their  last  meeting  at 
Windsor,  where  he  so  earnestly  pressed 
Gordon  to  make  haste  back  from  Russia. 
The  King  looked  for  another  Dalyell,  (Old 
Tom  of  Muscovy,  as  Charles  the  Second 
used  to  call  him,)  and  perhaps  he  would 
not  have  been  disappointed.  *  I  am  sorry,* 
said  Gordon,  when  the  news  of  the  battle 
of  the  Boyne  reached  him  at  Moscow,  *  I  am 
sorry  from  my  heart  that  his  Majesty  did 
not,  when  I  was  in  Scotland,  lay  his  com- 
mands upon  me  to  stay  there.  Then  might 
I  at  this  time  have  given  proofs  of  my 
loyalty  and  what  I  can  do.'  We  may 
well  believe  that  the  hand  which  crushed 
the  Strelitzes  would  have  been  heavy  upon 
the  Cameronians;  it  may  be  that  the 
walls  of  Darry  would  have  fallen  before 


the  conqueror  of  Asof;  and  the  ready 
counsel  and  daring  acts  which  twice  saved 
the  throne  of  Peter  the  Great  might  have 
upheld  the  rule  even  of  King  James  the 
Second." 

We  shall  only  make  two  additional  re- 
marks. The  one  is  of  our  approbation  of 
the  very  complete  and  effectual  manner 
in  which  the  Editor,  Mr.  Robertson,  (the 
Superintendant  of  the  Literary  and  An- 
tiquarian Department  of  the  General 
Register  House  at  Edinburgh,)  has  exe- 
cuted his  task, — as  well  in  the  abstract 
of  the  memoirs,  in  the  annotations,  and  in 
the  indexes  of  places  and  persons,  (we 
should  have  added,  we  think,  a  brief  index 
of  subjects) ;  and  the  other  is  to  observe 
that  this  volume  may  hereafter  be  referred 
to  as  one  of  the  best  repertories  of  infor- 
mation concerning  the  class  of  Daly  ells 
and  Dalgetties,  and  all  those  Scotish 
soldiers  of  fortune  who  flourished  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  We  need  only  point 
out,  by  way  of  example,  that  in  p.  21  we 
meet  with  Field  Marshal  Robert  Douglas, 
who  with  his  three  brothers  joined  the 
banners  of  Gustavus  Adolphus ;  in  p.  23 
with  Lord  Cranstoun  "  arriving  at  Pillaa 
with  2,500  Scotch  for  the  Swedish  ser- 
vice ;"  in  p.  26  with  Walter  Count  Leslie, 
a  marshal  in  the  army  of  the  Empire;  and 
in  p.  24  with  Alexander  Leslie,  a  general 
in  Muscovy;  in  p.  25  with  "a  country- 
man and  namesake  of  the  author,  if  not 
also  a  kinsman,"  Patrick  Gordon,  other- 
wise called  Steclhaud ;  in  p.  32  with  Lord 
Henry  Gordon,  youngest  son  of  the  second 
Marquis  of  Huntly,  who  was  a  colonel  in 
the  Polish  army,  and  was  enrolled  as  a 
nobleman  of  that  kingdom ;  but  through- 
out the  book  Scotsmen  of  less  celebrity 
are  of  continual  occurrence,  and  sometimr'S 
are  found  in  troops,  as  in  the  following 
passage,  which  occurs  at  the  time  when 
Gordon  first  took  service  in  Russia : — 


«< 


Sept,  27,  1661.  About  thirty  officers, 
most  whereof  I  had  bespoke  in  Riga,  came 
to  Mosko,  most  of  them  being  our  country- 
men, as  Walter  Airth,  William  Guild, 
George  Keith,  Andrew  Burnet,  Andrew 
Calderwood,  Robert  Stuart,  and  others, 
most  whereof  were  enrolled  in  our  regi- 
ment." 


[Julj. 


I860.]  19 


THE  OLD  HERALDRY  OF  THE  PERCIES. 

A  CERTAIN  eccentric  lawyer,  who  yet  professed  to  be  a  legal  antiquary, 
in  presenting  a  summary  of  the  Peerage  of  Ireland,  made  the  declaration, 
"  In  copying  the  heraldic  language  of  the  coats  of  arras,  I  profess  to  be 
wholly  ignorant  of  that  modern  hieroglyphic  *."  Such  ignorance  was  pro- 
bably closely  allied  to  contempt,  but  we  do  not  expect  to  meet  with  either 
in  the  readers  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  therefore  we  conceive 
that  a  notice  of  the  arms,  and  badges,  and  pennons,  and  war-cries  of  one 
of  the  noblest  houses  of  England  will  not  be  unappreciated  by  them. 

Our  monthly  reports  shew  that  papers  of  much  general  as  well  as  local 
interest  are  often  read  at  the  meetings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  and  a  selection  of  these  appears,  under  the  un- 
assuming title  of  "  Miscellaneous  Tracts  relating  to  Antiquity,"  in  its 
quarterly  journal,  styled  Arch(Bologia  Juliana,  of  which  a  new  series 
was  commenced  in  May,  1856.  Where  all  are  good  there  is  a  difficulty 
in  choosing.  We  have  an  elaborate  Catalogue  of  the  Inscribed  and  Sculp- 
tured Roman  Stones  in  the  possession  of  the  Society ;  we  have  accounts 
of  the  great  battles  of  Neville's  Cross  and  of  Flodden,  with  ample  topo- 
graphical and  other  illustrations;  we  have  many  most  interesting  papers  re- 
lating to  the  fallen  house  of  Radclyffe ;  and  particularly  a  detailed  history  of 
the  New  Castle  upon  Tyne,  some  of  which  we  may  one  day  notice  at  length, 
but  at  present  we  will  take  the  article  in  the  last  issued  number,  styled 
**  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Percies,*'  on  which  Mr.  Longstaffe,  the  editor, 
has  bestowed  an  amount  of  pains  only  to  be  expected  where  the  work  is 
a  labour  of  love,  but  which  will  not  be  thought  misemployed,  when  the 
results  arrived  at  are  considered.  Every  such  proof  of  the  practical  uses 
of  heraldry  is  a  positive  gain  to  the  historical  student,  and  must  interest 
every  gentleman. 

One  object  with  Mr.  Longstaffe  is  to  shew  the  essential  difference  be- 
tween ancient  and  modern  heraldry,  and  as  no  words  can  do  it  better  than 
hiB  own,  we  therefore  cite  them  : — 

"Here  is  the  plain  issue  between  ancient  and  modern  heraldry.  The  old  shews 
estate  as  well  as  blood;  tha  new  shews  blood  only.  The  new  system  makes  no  ap- 
parent  (Hstinction  between  tecbnicul  heirs  of  a  millioneth  drop  of  the  vital  fluid  and 
them  who  won  the  transmitter's  barony,  his  acres,  and  his  responsibilities.  Its  pic- 
tured genealogies  are  well  enough  if  it  is  perfectly  understood  that  a  right  to  quarter 
the  arms  of  England  does  not  place  a  respectable  gentleman  on  the  same  footing  as  the 

•  Rowley  Lascellcs,  in  Liber  Munerum  Publicorrtm  Hibernian,  Pnrt  I.  p.  i.  For 
a  detailed  account  of  his  work,  see  Gsnt.  Mag.,  Jan.  1859,  p.  33,  and  June,  1859, 
p«  606  et  seqq. 


20  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Percies.  [July, 

Earl  of  Surrey,  who  had  the  inheritance  of  Brotherton.  For  the  practical  uses  of 
heraldry,  the  hundreds  of  quart  eringa  which  may  now  be  worn  must  indeed,  from 
mere  necessity,  be  cut  down  to  the  paternal  coat  and  a  quartering  op  two.  But  all 
principle  in  such  restrictions  is  gone ;  and  considering  the  wild  facility  of  using  unau- 
thorised bearings  which  the  removal  of  legal  barriers  has  introduced,  it  is  as  well  that 
the  heraldry  which  was  governed  by  the  possession  of  land  has  been  irrevocably  sup- 
planted by  that  which  similarly  indicates  the  remotest  possibility  of  inheritance. 

"  So  strictly  and  practically  was  heraldry  the  sure  badge  of  possession  and  of  terri- 
torial rights  unsuffered  to  be  dormant,  that  the  Flemings  declined  to  assist  Edward  III. 
until  he  actually  assumed  the  royal  fleur-de-lis  of  France ;  and  when  Richard  Duke  of 
York  claimed  the  crown  as  heir  to  Lionel  Duke  of  Clarence,  it  was  objected  that  he 
did  not  wear  that  duke's  arms.  He  answered  that  he  might  lawfully  have  done  it, 
but  forbare  it  for  a  time,  as  he  did  from  making  his  claim  to  the  crovm,  Camden,  in 
mentioning  this,  states  that  quftrterings  *  to  shew  their  right'  began  in  Edward  IV/s 
time ;  but  the  requisition  of  more  actual  possession  was  certainly  rife  as  late  as  Henry 
VIII.'s  reign,  when  Surrey,  in  1523,  complains  that  Sir  William  Gascoigne,  a  claimant 
to  the  earldom  of  Westmoreland,  intended  to  bear  the  arms  of  the  eaiXde  fcuito,  who 
and  his  ancestors  had  '  enjoyed  the  land  without  interruption,  and  no  man  may  bear 
the  arms  of  his  antecessors  without  difference  unless  he  be  possessed  of  the  inheritance.' 
That  the  land  was  the  criterion  between  an  heir-male  and  the  heirs-general  as  to  the 
right  to  the  'whole*  or  undifferenced  coat  was  well  settled  in  the  case  of  Gray  of 
Kuthin  V.  Hastings. 

"  When  the  right  thus  accrued  by  land,  the  coat  acquired  might  be  placed  in  any 
way  pleasing  to  the  owner  of  the  shield.  The  modern  rules  as  to  husbands  only  im- 
paling or  wearing  escutcheons  of  pretence,  and  the  issue  only  quartering,  were  unknown. 
WTien  the  husband  took  a  vested  right  in  his  wife's  lands,  he  either  impaled  or  quar- 
tered her  arms ;  while  for  the  issue,  the  inherited  coats  were  sometimes  impaled  as 
well  as  quartered  with  each  other,  and  so  long  as  the  inheritor  had  two  coats  by  right 
of  descent,  they  might  bo  coupled  in  impalements,  though  the  families  so  designated 
had  never  directly  intermarried.  There  is  a  good  example  of  this  practice  on  the  south 
Dacre  tomb  at  Lanercost.  Usually,  however,  males  quartered  the  arms  of  their  wives 
or  ancestresses  from  whom  they  acquired  their  lands,  while  impalements  were  prpcti- 
cally  the  general  bearings  of  married  women,  who  took  an  immediate  interest  in  their 
husbands'  land  by  right  of  dower.  The  practice  of  husbands  impaling  their  wives* 
arms,  whether  heiresses  or  not,  probably  arose  near  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Even  now  it  is  laid  down  that  the  arms  of  a  wife  should  not  in  general  be  borne  upon 
the  husband's  banner,  surcoat,  or  official  seal.  In  early  times,  pursuant  to  the  above 
rules,  we  often  find  two  shields,  one  the  husband's  arms  alone,  for  himself;  the  other 
the  same  impaled  with  his  wife's,  for  her.  And  so  in  portraits,  the  husband  is  clothed 
in  his  own  coat,  while  the  wife's  robes  contain  his  bearings  on  one  side,  hers  on  the 
other.  The  old  practice  is  still  kept  up  in  the  achievements  of  gartered  peers." — 
(pp.  158,  159.) 

These  arrangements  are  illustrated  by  a  catalogue  of  arms,  which  pre- 
sents the  distinctive  insignia  (as  far  as  now  obtainable)  for  each  chief  of 
the  Percies,  from  William  de  Percy,  the  founder  of  Whitby  Abbey,  down 
to  "  simple  Thome,"  who  died  on  the  scaffold  at  York  in  the  quaiTel  of 
Mary  of  Scotland.  Some  of  the  writer's  determinations  are  opposed  to 
received  notions,  and  he  especially  feels  bound  to  reject  the  pleasant  story 
of  Joceline  of  Louvain,  and  his  blue  lion  rampant,  which  he  chose  to  keep, 
though  he  changed  his  name  to  Percy,  on  marrying  Lady  Agnes,  the 
heiros^s.  But  he  bases  every  step  on  tlie  sure  foundation  of  monuments > 
2 


I860.]  Tl^  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Percies.  21 

painted  glass,  and  aacient  heraldic  MSS.,  and  ne  do  not  see  how  hie  coa- 
clueions  can  be  impeached. 

A  Harteian  MS.  (692)  gives  the  arms  of  the  first  Percy  as  Azure,  fire 
mill-picks  Or ;  but  it  is  now  generally  allowed  that  heraldry  proper  is 
hardly  so  ancient,  and  Mr.  Longstaffe  maiutains  that  these  were  the  arms 
borne  (in  right  of  his  wife)  by  Joceline.  The  blue  lion  he  says  can  only 
be  dated  circa  1300,  and  he  conceives  that  it  was  adopted  by  Henry  Percy 
on  his  marriage  with  Eleanor  Fitz-Alan,  daughter  of  liis  lord  paramount 
the  Earl  of  Arundel ;  he  thinks  it  "  possible  that  the  lion  was  assumed 
in  remembrance  of  Joceline  of  Louvaia,  differenced  from  the  tinctures  of 
the  later  dukes  of  Srabant,  or  it  might  be  only  indirectly  allusive  to  the 
ducal  house,  through  the  lords  of  Arundel, 'who  descended  from  Queen 
Adelicia,  and  perhaps  used  a  lion  in  reference  to  her  descent."  It  cer- 
tainly appears  as  if  the  golden  mill-picks  (or  fusils  as  they  are  also  termed) 
were  the  especial  arms  of  the  family,  and  among  other  instances  tKe  fol- 
lowing differences  occur  for  races  of  the  name  of  Percy  : — 

"Blue,  four  or  Ave  fusils  in  fess,  gilver.  Blue,  three  golden  fusila  in  fcse,  within 
a  double  tresgnre,  florj  eounterflory  (four  for  Percy  of  Islington),  Silv.  r,  four  black 
fusils  in  ftu,  for  Percy  of  Ardingworth,  Nortlaniptonsliire.  Tlie  same,  with  the  Beld 
gold,  for  a  family  of  tie  ^me  county.  Gold,  a  red  fuul  in  pale  engrailed.  Silver,  Ave 
black  fuaila  in  feu,  on  each  three  golden  pales.  The  EBme  witbont  poles.  Silver,  three 
black  liisila  in  fegs,  on  eacb  a  bezant,  Bloe,  a  ulver  pale  fusilly.  Ihe  like  tinctures 
reversed."— (p.  226.) 

The  celebrated  Percy  shrine  at  Beverley,  commonly  attributed  to  Idonea 
de  Clifford,  the  daughter-in-law  of  Henry,  the  tenth  baron,  Mr,  Longstaffe 
gives  US  good  reason  for  believing  really  belongs  to  his  wife,  Eleanor  Fitz- 
Alan.  The  passage  is  somewhat  long,  but  we  must  extract  it,  as  shewing 
the  able  manner  in  which  our  author  states  his  case,  and  his  reasons  for 
questioning  the  attribution  of  another  well-known  monument  in  the  same 

"  Leiand  speaks  uninipasBionedl;  of  the  glorious  collegiate  charch  of  St.  John.  To 
him  it  wftsbut  •ofafairuniform  making.'  With  the  auinptuous  monnments  be  was 
more  interested.  '  Besides  the  tninbs  of  saints,  be  three  tombs  most  notable  on  the 
north  side  of  the  quire.  (I.)  In  one  of  them,  with  a  chapel  arched  over  It,  is  buried 
Percy  Earl  of  Northumberland  and  iiis  son,  father  to  the  last  earl.  (II.)  In  anolher 
is  buried  Eleanor,  wife  to  one  of  the  Lord  Perejs.  (III.)  And  in  another  oiaiUe 
alabatter,  Idonco  bidj  Percy,  wife  to  one  of  tbe  Lord  Percys.  (IV.)  Under  Eleanor's 
tomb  is  buried  one  of  the  Percys,  a  priest.' 

"  Leiand  seems  to  commence  his  description  from  the  east.  He  begins  with  the  tomb 
of  the  fourth  earl,  which  is  still  remaining,  nhlle  its  chapel  or  canopy  is  known  to  have 
been  destroyed.  The  next  tomb  is  the  celebrated  Percy  sbrine,  and  ought  to  be  Elea- 
nor's. 1  cannot  believe  that  this  peerless  gem  of  flowing  Decorated  work  is  to  he  re- 
ferred to  the  period  after  Idonea's  death  in  1365,  a  period  in  which  the  TiaaHtional 
York  ch<^  was  erected  ^.    Nor,  while  I  would  concede  that  Leiand  might  mistake  the 

*  "Since  writing  the  above,  my  view  is  much  confirmed.    'In  tbe  Chorchof  Wal. 
wick,  in  HoldenuM  (see  Poulson),  there  is  a  monument  which  resembles  in  a  striking 
Qmt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  d 


22  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Fercies.  [July, 

material  of  a  highly  finished  work  if  it  were  coloured,  can  I  allow  that  he  would  state 
a  freestone  monument  to  be  of  white  alabaster.  We  know  that  the  tomb  under  the 
shrine  was  of  grey  marble,  ^th  the  matrices  of  an  early  brass  *  in  it.  It  is  engraved 
by  Gough,  and  is  said  to  have  been  an  insertion;  but,  if  so,  it  must  have  been  a  very 
early  one,  for  a  stone  cofBn  and  remains  were  in  it  ^,  And  it  stands  to  reason  that  the 
post  of  honour  north  of  the  high  altar  would  first  be  occupied. 

"  Thus  I  should  have  been  disposed,  on  the  documentary  evidences  and  general  pro- 
babilities, to  have  given  the  shrine  to  Eleanor  Fitz-Alan ;  but  the  heraldic  proofs  are 
remarkable.  On  the  south  or  principal  front  we  have  four  coats.  One  of  them  is 
borne  by  a  lady.  The  others,  and  all  those  on  the  other  side  of  the  canopy,  are  held 
by  figures  of  knights,  highly  finished,  and  evidently  portraits.  This  one  lady,  above 
whose  head  rises  an  iris  ornament,  like  the  upper  half  of  a  fieur-de-lis,  has  the  wimple 
of  the  reigns  of  Edward  I.  and  II.,  and  the  knights  have  mail  and  surcoat  of  the  like 
date,  no  jupon  «.  For  the  appearance  of  the  coat  of  France  and  England,  which  were 
first  quartered  in  1340,  I  can  only  account  by  a  lapse  of  time  between  the  deceased's 
death  and  the  erection  of  her  memorial.  Eleanor  died  in  1328,  the  bond  of  the  vicars 
choral  to  her  executors  to  celebrate  her  obit  is  not  dated  until  1336,  and  the  execution 
of  so  costly  a  monument  might  well  reach  over  1340.  Now  the  shield  which  the  lady 
holds  has  a  chief  only,  emblazoned  by  Torr,  who  probably  saw  colour',  as  Silver,  a  blue 
chief,  for  '  Lord  Clun.*  Modern  writers  have  stated  the  field  to  be  chequy,  misled  by 
the  quatrcfoilcd  diaper,  which  is  not  alternately  raised  as  in  the  chequy  of  Warren 
above  it.  The  chief  is  of  flowing  diaper.  The  coat  is  given  to  Fitz-Alan  ancient, 
lords  of  Clun  (Eyton's  Shropshire),  to  Clun,  and  to  Suluce,  the  name  of  Eleanor's 
sister-in-law.  (Gen.  Arm.)  'i  he  next  coat  above  is  the  chequy  of  Warren's  heiress,  the 
wife  of  Eleanor's  nephew.     Opposite,  to  the  east,  is  old  France  and  England,  probably 


manner  the  great  tomb  at  Beverley.  It  is  supposed  to  commemorate  a  provost  of 
Beverley.  This  provost  I  believe  to  be  Nicholas  do  Hugate,  who  died  rector  of  Wal- 
wick  in  1338.  He  was  canon  of  York  and  provost  from  1317  to  1338.  This  fact  may 
be  of  use.     His  will  is  at  Lincoln.* — James  Kaine. 

<^  "  A  female  figure  under  a  trefoiled  canopy  consisting  of  a  simple  pediment  crocketed 
and  finialed.  Two  angels  assisted  the  buttresses  thereof.  Around  were  fourteen 
shields,  and  in  the  mnrgin  ran  an  inscription. 

•*  •*  When  the  choir  of  the  minster  was  fitted  up  for  service  instead  of  the  nave,  the 
tomb  under  the  shrine  was  removed.  '  The  contents  exhibited  a  stone  coffin  joined 
with  mortar,  6  ft.  6  in.  long,  1  ft.  6  in.  wide,  and  only  16  in.  deep.  The  body  was 
closely  enveloped  in  lead,  so  much  so  as  to  leave  the  impression  of  the  body  in  it,  and 
was  enclosed  in  a  wood  coffin,  which  appeared  to  have  been  plundered  of  the  orna- 
ments which  decorated  it.  Dr.  Hull,  who  was  present,  supposes  that  the  arms,  legs, 
and  bones,  from  their  magnitude,  did  not  belong  to  a  person  above  the  age  of  12  or 
14.'  A  Durham  penny  of  Edward  III.  was  also  found  in  removing  the  tomb. — 
Scaum's  Beverlac. 

*'  Dugdale  calls  this  canopy  and  tomb  '  Tumulus  Matildis  comitissse  Northumbrim 
filia  Willielmi  Herbert  Comitis  Pembrochioe*  (Church  Notes),  yet  the  body  in  cloth  of 
gold  attributed  to  that  countess  on  its  discovery  in  1678  (MS.  note  in  some  copies  of 
the  Baronage)  scarcely  coincides  with  the  observations  of  Dr.  Hull.  Maud  Herbert 
was  the  fourth  earl's  countess,  and  the  ascription  of  the  tomb  to  her  is,  of  course,  quite 
untenable. 

*  "  The  whole  tomb  requires  most  careful  drawing  and  engraving.  Gough's  figures 
are  stiff  and  inexact.  And,  in  these  evil  days  of  restoration,  every  genuine  thing  of 
beauty  should  be  perpetuated  on  paper  at  once, 

'  "  I  think  what  I  saw  of  ooloiur  was  more  modem  than  Torr's  time,  and  I  cannot 
remember  whether  it  corresponded  with  his  note. 


I860.]  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Perdes.  23 

a  complimentary  badge  of  loyalty,  as  in  Lumley  and  Hilton  castles.  The  king,  how- 
ever, was  literally  a  cousin  of  the  Warrens,  and  we  find  the  next  Baron  Percy  bequeath- 
ing to  the  Earl  of  Arundel  a  cup  enamelled  with  the  arms  of  France  and  England. 
(  1  Test.  Ebor.,  59.)  Below  this  is  a  coat  blazoned  by  Torr  as  Purple,  a  golden  lion 
rampant.  The  purple  has  evidently  been  the  red  of  Arundel,  or  Fitz-Alan  modern  ». 
All  one  side  of  the  tomb  may  therefore  be  considered  as  having  reference  to  Fitz-Alan. 
The  other  side  has  to  the  east  ClifTord,  referring  to  Eleanor's  daughter-in-law  Idonea, 
and  above  that  coat  Torr  again  emblazons  Parple,  a  golden  lion  rampant.  To  the  west 
be  has  Silver,  a  blue  lion  rampant,  and  under  it  Blue,  a  silver  lion  rampant.  The  last 
but  one  coat  may  be  Brus,  but  it  more  probably  is  Percy,  the  gold  having  disappeared. 
These  lions  are  all  on  richly-flowered  diaper,  whereas  the  Fitz-Alan  shield  on  the  other 
side  is  plain.  The  Clifibrd  coat  is  borne  by  a  knight,  differing  from  the  rest  in  having 
very  open  armour  of  annulets.  Each  group  of  four  is  fastened  by  an  interlacing 
annulet  in  the  centre.  We  have  possibly  a  reference  to  the  Vipont  annulets  so 
proudly  cherished  by  the  Cliffords. 

"  Leland's  expression,  *  under  Eleanor's  tomb,*  applied  to  the  priest's  burial,  must  be 
construed  by  the  wish  of  George  Percy,  rector  of  Rothbury  in  1474,  *  to  be  buried  in 
the  north  aisle  betide  (juxta)  the  tomb  of  Lady  Eleanor  de  Percy ''.'  The  eflfigy  in  the 
north  transept  of  the  minster  attributed  to  George  Percy,  does  not  seem  to  belong  to 
him,  whether  it  is  in  situ  or  not.  It  was  in  its  present  place,  and  on  its  present  altar- 
tomb,  when  Dugdale  visited  the  minster  in  1641,  'in  boreali  parte  ecclesira  murura 
orientum  versus ','  but  he  does  not  attribute  it,  as  hedoes  the  other  Percy  tombs.  The 
bearings,  such  as  the  maunch,  are  of  the  drawing  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  Old 
France  is  quartered  with  England.  Out  of  nineteen  shields,  only  one,  a  lion  rampant, 
in  an  obscure  position,  can  be  attributed  to  Percy.  We  look  in  vain  for  Clifford,  Lucy, 
old  Percy,  or  the  Neville  cross  of  the  prebendary's  own  mother.  Warren  and  Lancaster, 
if  by  the  labelled  arms  of  England  Lancaster  is  meant,  may  come  in,  but  the  bend  of 
Scrope  and  the  three  legs  of  Man,  being  together,  and  four  large  collared  birds  like 
Combh  choughs  at  the  foot  of  the  robes,  would  rather  refer  to  the  Scrope  family.  As 
the  arms  have  been  given  very  inaccurately,  I  subjoin  my  notes  of  them '',  to  aid  in 


fs  '*  Le  Cokte  d'Aboitdell  et  de  Waeeen. — Quarterly — 1  and  4,  red,  a  golden  lion 
rampant ;  2  and  3,  chequy,  gold  and  blue.  (Willenient's  Roll,  inter  1392-7.)  The 
goltien  lion  on  a  red  field  was  borne  by  Richard  Earl  of  Arundel  at  Karlaverok  in 
1300. 

*»  "  *  And  in  Beverley  minster  the  said  George  was  prebendary,  and  there  he  is  buried 
and  daily  had  in  memory.' — Peeris. 

*  "  *  By  the  chappell  door  [i.e.  of  a  little  chappell  in  the  north  isle  of  the  cross 
body]  lyes  an  old  monument  whereon  is  cutt  the  solid  portraiture  of  a  man.' — Torr. 

■*  "  The  eflBgy  lies  upon,  but  is  much  shorter  than,  an  altar-tomb  of  Decorated  work 
in  the  east  chapel  of  the  north  transept,  and,  consequently,  a  space  at  the  foot  of  the 
figure  is  unoccupied.  In  Gough's  time  there  was  an  aperture  in  it  which  disclosed  the 
stone  coffin  lying  inside.     The  arms  are  as  follows  : — 

"I.  On  the  collar  of  the  chasuble,  over  the  left  shoulder,  1.  Three  lions  passant 
gtiardant.  England,  2.  A  bend  between  two  double  roses.  II.  On  the  maniple 
running  from  the  top.  1.  A  chevron,  with  a  bird  (Cornish  chough  ?)  in  base.  The 
upper  part  of  the  shield  is  hidden.  2.  A  bend.  Scrope  ?  or  Mauley  1  There  is  a 
similar  coat  on  the  armorial  gateway  at  Alnwick,  said,  I  know  not  why,  to  be  for 
Tison.  3.  The  three  legs  of  Man  [Sir  William  le  Scrope,  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  pur- 
chased the  kingdom  of  Man  from  the  Earl  of  Salisbury.  Oliver  refers  this  crest  to 
the  grant  of  the  isle  to  the  first  Earl  of  Northumberland,  in  1  Hen.  IV.]  4.  A 
maunch.  Conyers  1  [Oliver  gives  this  coat  to  Hastines  as  a  quartering  of  the  Earl 
of  Kent,  the  husband  of  a  daughter  of  the  second  earl,  but  Kent's  own  arms  are 


24  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Percies.  [  J^y» 

a  jadgment  what  earlier  priest,  Percy,  Scrope,  or  otherwise,  is  commemoratecL" — 
(pp.  167—171.) 

After  the  marriage  with  Eleanor  Fitz-Alan,  the  fusils  were  only  a 
secondary  coat,  and  when  noticed  they  are  distinguished  as  Old  Percy. 
Another  marriage,  that  of  the  great-grandson  of  Eleanor  (the  first  Earl 
of  Northumberland),  with  Maud  Lucy,  brought  the  noble  possession  of 
the  Honour  of  Cockermouth,  coupled  with  the  obligation  to  quarter  Lucy 
(Gules,  3  lucies  or  pikefish,  Argent) ;  he  was  the  father  of  Hotspur,  and 
accordingly  we  have  the  new  bearing  on  a  seal  of  the  latter  difi^erenced  by  a 
label  of  3  points,  Gules  ^.  By  other  marriages  numerous  additional  coats 
were  brought  in,  and  at  the  present  day  the  Percy  shield  presents  no  fewer 
than  892  quarterings : — "  A  splendid  assemblage,  a  gorgeous  result,"  re- 
marks Mr.  Longstafi*e, — 

"  according  to  recent  rales,  and  a  useftil  one  for  genealogical  purposes,  but  wholly 
unsuitable  for  the  decorative  purposes  of  heraldry,  and  very  unjust  to  the  *  flowers  of 
the  flock,'  which  mast  be  picked  out  by  a  skilled  eye  from  the  equal  blaze  of  crimson 
and  gold  in  their  less  important  companions.  The  ordinary  spectator,  who  might 
acquire  some  idea  of  the  comparative  status  of  a  family  by  a  few  indications  of  mar- 
riages  which  carried  green  acres  and  jewelled  coronets  with  them,  is  lost  in  the  medley 
presented  here."— (pp.  219,  220.) 

In  practice,  such  a  shield  is  altogether  unmanageable,  even  when  reduced 
by  discarding  repetitions,  and  accordingly  the  accurate  Edmund  Lodge 
(Norroy)  contents  himself  with  simply  giving,  Ist  and  4th,  Percy  and 
Lucy,  counterquartered ;  2nd  and  3rd,  Old  Percy.  Those,  however,  who 
desire  to  trace  the  gradual  introduction  of  new  quarterings,  may  like  to 
know,  on  Mr.  Longstaffe's  authority,  when  a  few  of  the  principal  ones 
first  appear. 

wanting.]  5.  A  bend  engrailed  between  two  cottiscs.  There  is  something  like  a 
crescent  or  horn  in  the  sinister  chief  point.  The  dexter  part  of  the  shield  is  g^ne. 
6.  Chequy.  Warren.  7.  Tliree  lions  passant  guardant,  with  a  label  of  three  points. 
Lancaster?  III.  On  the  foot  of  the  alb.  Fint  row.  1.  On  the  commencement  of  a 
bend,  a  mullet  of  six  points  in  the  dexter  chief.  The  rest  of  the  shield  is  under  the 
stole.  Hotham  ?  In  the  east  window  of  the  south  choir  transept  in  York  Minster, 
among  a  variety  of  Scrope  of  Masham  insignia,  there  is  the  coat.  Silver,  a  black  bend 
charged  with  three  golden  mullets  pierced.  (Browne.)  2.  A  bar,  in  chief  three  roun- 
dels. This  has  strangely  been  called  chequy.  The  bar  is  hardly  a  fess,  it  is  nearer  the 
chief.  3.  Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Semee  of  fleurs-de-ly,  the  stone  between  the  fleurs  not 
cut  away,  A  similar  appearance  of  a  fret  sometimes  occurs  in  the  arms  of  Prance  in 
glass.  2  and  3.  Three  lions  passant  guardant.  Most  of  the  upper  portion  of  this 
shield  is  hidden  by  the  chasuble.  Old  France  and  England.  4.  A  lion  rampant. 
Percy  ?  5.  Hidden  hy  the  stole.  IV.  Second  row.  1.  A  fess  between  two  chevrons 
inverted,  and  joined  in  the  form  of  W  in  chief,  and  one  chevron  inverted  in  base.  Fitz- 
Walter  ?  2.  Defaced.  Gough  blatiks  this  shield  in  his  text,  but  draws  it  like  three 
shells.  3.  A  chevron  between  three  escallops.  4.  Three  water  bougets.  Ros.  The 
Earl  of  Wiltshire's  grandmother  was  a  Ilos.  5.  A  fess  between  three  boars*  heads. 
The  birds  on  the  hem  uro  noticed  in  the  text." 
'  See  Gbnt.  Mao.,  Jan.  1860,  p.  54. 


I860.]  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Ferciea.  25 

Henry,  the  first  earl  (1368 — 1407),  Introduced  Lucy. 

Henry,  the  third  earl  (1455 — 1461),  PoyningB  and  Fitzpayne. 

Henry,  the  fourth  earl  (1461 — 1489),  Bryan. 

Henry  Algernon,  the  sixth  earl  (1527 — 1537),  Beaufort  and  Spencer. 

Thomas,  the  seventh  earl  (1557—1572),  Harbottle,  Monboucher,  Char- 
ron(?)  and  Acton  (?). 

After  his  time  the  eimplicity  of  old  heraldry  is  seen  no  more,  and  from 
the  modern  plan  of  giving  quartering-a  for  every  heiress  of  blood,  however 
landless  or  distant,  even  undifferenced  quarterings  of  kiogdonia  and  duke- 
donis,  and  repeating  the  same  arms  when  they  come  through  different 
channels,  the  33  quarters  which  sufficed  for  the  tenth  earl  (1632—1668) 
have  been  multiplied  into  273 ;  to  these  5G3  have  been  added  from 
Seymour,  which  go  far  toward  making  up  the  before- mentioned  for- 
midable number  of  892,  but  it  djes  not  fall  within  the  plan  of  Mr.  Long- 
Btafie  farther  to  elucidate  them. 

Our  limits  do  not  allow  ub  to  do  more  than  glance  at  the  vast  number 
of  curious  details  that  our  author  has  brought  together.  It  may  be  enough 
to  remark,  that  the  present  Percy  crest,  a  blue  lion  slatant,  first  appears 
on  the  seal  of  Henry  de  Percv,  who  died  in  1353  ;  that,  beside  a  golden 
crescent,  which  may  probablv  have  been  a  personal  distinction  of  the  third 
earl  (1455 — 1461),  the  crests  of  Poynings,  Bryan,  Beauchaaip  and  Lisle 
or  Fitzgerald  have  been  at  different  times  employed.  The  supporters  of 
the  same  families,  as  also  those  uf  Beaufort  and  Latimer,  have  been  pressed 
into  the  service  of  ibe  House  of  Percy,  which  has  of  its  o«»,  the  blue  lions 
rampant  of  the  second  earl,  and  sometimes  used  a  crowned  liou  gardant, 
or  silver  panther,  powdered  with  red  and  blue,  and  ducallj  crowned. 

The  badges  are  22  in  number,  commencing  with  the  white  lion  gardant 
of  the  first  earl ;  the  badges  of  Poynings,  Fitzpayne,  Herbert,  Bryan,  and 
Vere  (?)  appear,  but  the  most  frequent  as  well  as  the  most  enduring 
badge  is  the  silver  crescent,  which  is  to  be  seen,  at  the  present  day,  within 
the  garter  and  surmounted  bv  the  ducal  coronet,  let  into  the  garden  wall 
of  Norlhumberland  House,  and  even  as  the  sign  of  an  ijin  at  Brentford,  in 
the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  Sion  House.  The  crescent  is  supposed  by 
Mr.  Longstaffe  to  have  reference  to  the  earldom 
of  Northumberland.  Sometimes  the  crescent 
is  placed  on  the  lion's  neck,  as  at  the  Lion's 
Tower,  at  Warkworth ;  sometimes  it  bears  the 
motto  "  Esperance  ;"  sometimes  it  has  within  its 
horns  a  castle,  at  otfaer  times  a  lion  rampant, 
and  at  others  a  locket,  as  in  the  subjoined  figure, 
from  Vincent's  M8.  172  (Coll.  Arm.),  which 
has  probably  giveu  rise  to  a  north-countrv  pro- 
vincialism, "  Lord  Northumberland's  arms."  a  synonym  for  a  black  eve. 
The  livery  colours  of  the  house,  now  blue  and  white,  were  formerly 


26  The  Old  Heraldry  qf  the  Perciea.  [July, 

much  more  picturesque  and  various.  The  second  earl  employed  red 
and  black,  and  when  his  retainers  were  equipped  in  them,  after  the 
parti- coloured  fashion  of  Ihe  time,  with  the  right  side  red  and  the  left 
black,  aod  the  silver  crescent  hangiog  in  front,  they  must  have  pre- 
sented the  same  appearance  as  the  shield  of  peace  still  remaining  in  the 
cloisters  at  Durham,  Per  pale  red  and  black,  a  silver  crescent.  The  fifth 
earl,  who  went  with  Henry  VIII.  to  the  siege  of  Terouenne,  employed  red 
and  black,  green  and  guld,  yellow,  and  tawny,  as  well  as  the  Tudor  culours, 
green  and  white.  For  his  son,  the  sixth  earl,  the  suitor  of  Anne  Boleyn, 
red  and  hbck ;  russet,  gold  and  tawny;  red,  gold  and  russet;  red,  gold 
and  black ;  and  red  and  russet,  are  set  down. 

The  war-cries  seem  ever  to  have  been  "  Percy  !  Percy  !"  "  E^perance  ! 
Percy !"  and  the  mottoes  mainly  an  amplificaiion  of  them,  as  "  Esperance 
en  Dieu,"  "  Esperance  ma  Comfort,"  with  the  occasional  appearance  also 
of  "  Je  espoir"  and  "  Tout  loyal." 

The  Pei'cies,  like  some  few  other  noble  houses,  had  their  heralds  and 
pursuivants.  Percy  herald  appears  in  the  time  of  the  first  earl,  in  attend* 
ance  on  his  brother.  Sir  Thomas  (afterwards  Earl  of  Worcester),  and 
Northumberland  herald  in  that  of  the  fourth  earl,  who  had  also  his 
pursuivant  termed  Esperance.  Both  these  ofEcers  appear  also  in  the 
retinue  of  the  fifth  earl,  and  among  the  preparations  for  his  repairing  to 
Terouenne  we  read:  "Two  coats  of  arms  for  my  lord's  pursuivant,  of 
tarsnet,  with  my  lord's  whole  arms  beaten  upon  them  in  oil  colours  and 
gold.  Eight  yards  of  green  damask  for  a  coat  for  Esperance,  my  lord's 
pursuivant,  and  half-a-yard  of  white  damask  for  guarding  of  the  said  coat." 
The  standard  of  the  same  earl,  most  probably  borne  before  Terouenne,  is 


dcrivpil  from  ihe  Harl.  MS.  2358 ;  and  from  the  ITS.  I.  2.  in  the  College 
of  Arms  are  engraved  eleven  different  pennons  and  another  standard 
applicable  to  his  successor,  the  sixth  earl,  and  contaijiing,  in  addition  to 
the  blue  lion,  crescent,  and  louket  of  Percy,  the  horn  of  Bryan,  the  falchion 
of  Fitzpayne,  and  ihe  key  of  Poynings.  We  are  enabled  to  use  the 
engr^ivings  of  tlie  two  at.mdaid-,  as  alsj  of  other  ill  ;strBtii>ns  of  Mr. 
Longs tafTe's  paper. 


I860.]  The  Old  Heraldry  of  the  Percies.  27 

Very  similar  standards  and  banners,  and  pennoncelles,  and  eacutcheons 
liad  been  displayed  twenty-five  years  before  at  the  magnificent  funeral  of 


the  fourth  earl,  who  was  killed  in  a  popular  tnmult  in  Yorkshire  in  1489. 
The  enumeration  is  curious : — 

"  A  shorte  dranght  of  the  chiu^e  of  the  buriall  of  onr  Lord  and  Maiiter  Enrl  of 
NorthmnbeTland  whose  aoale  Jesu  pardon  (iuter  alia). — A  etHndart,  4/. — A  baner, 
81.  6t.  8d. — Uii  cote  armer  ol's«;net,  b«t;n  with  liig  armja,  51.— 12  banen  of  aarceneta 
betyn  with  m;  lord's  anujs,  at  lOi.  the  pecf,  6^. — 100  peneellB  of  aarcenett,  at  12d- 
the  pece,  Qf. — 60  acatchiona  of  bukeram  betyn  witb  my  lord's  armys  (hole  armys),  at 
I2d.  the  pace,  tbr  the  chaire,  herse,  and  church,  SI. — The  reward  to  two  officers  of 
armys,  for  thdr  beipe  and  payne  in  orduring  the  said  huriidl,  at  101.  the  pece  for 
coming  from  Iiondon.  ther  costs  and  reward.  201, — [13,340  poor  folks  that  came  the 
day  of  the  burial  received  Zd.  each.  500  pritnts  (IZd.  each)  and  1,000  clerks  (id.  each) 
came  to  it.]— (See  Neva's  MSS.  per  Peck's  Desid.  Cur.,  246J."— (p.  192,  note.) 

Nothing  remains  for  us  to  add  but  that  Mr.  Long-Btafie's  paper  is  fully  . 
illustrated  with  examples  of  all  the  various  bearings  (a  few  of  which  we 
reproduce)  and  some  curious  fac-similes,  executed  at  the  charge  of  the 
present  head  of  the  noble  House,  and  to  close  this  necessarily  inadequate 
summary  of  his  excellent  communication,  with  his  few  concluding  liues, 
which  indicate  just  the  spirit  in  which  such  inveHtigations  as  hie  must  be 
carried  on  if  they  are  to  have  any  satisfactory  result: — 

"  Hf  pleasant  task  has  placed  me  under  iresh  obligations  to  old  and  tried  Mends, 
(batered  pleasant  relations  with  new  ones,  and  neces^tated  delightful  inapections  of 
many  beantitiil  objecte.  Farther  lights  will  break  in  upon  such  a  anbject ;  and  it  is 
not  one  which  can  reailily  be  dismiased  from  eooaideration,  accessory  aa  it  ia  to  the 
personal  and  territorial  history  of  a  seqaeoce  of  nobles,  who,  if  they  did  often  choose 
the  unsafe,  if  not  unpopular,  side  in  the  current  of  events,  were,  even  in  their  faalla, 
the  aame  magnificent  and  aDselBah  race  that  they  have  been  in  the  sunshine  of  wealth 
and  power."— (pp.  226,  226.) 


28  [July, 


DTJGD ALE'S  VISIT ATIOT^  OF  YORKSHIRE ». 

We  noticed  briefly  a  short  time  since ^  the  latest  publication  of  the 
Surtees  Society,  "  The  Visitation  of  the  County  of  York,"  which  was 
made  by  Sir  William  Dugdale  in  1665-6.  It  has  been  long  known  that 
this  manuscript  is  the  finest  and  the  most  complete  among  all  the  Visi- 
tations in  the  Heralds*  College,  and  having  since  had  an  opportunity  of 
examining  the  reprint  at  our  leisure,  we  gladly  devote  some  farther  space 
to  so  valuable  and  interesting  a  record. 

The  manuscript  from  which  this  volume  was  in  the  first  instance  tran* 
scribed  is  in  the  valuable  library  of  Miss  Currer,  who  placed  it  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Surtees  Society  with  her  accustomed  liberality.  It  has  not 
been  collated  with  the  original  in  the  Heralds*  College,  but  we  cannot  think 
that  we  have  lost  much  by  the  omission.  The  original,  doubtless,  would 
have  supplied  the  signatures  of  the  gentlemen  who  entered  their  pedigrees, 
and  it  would  also  have  corrected  some  patent  errors  in  the  text.  Where- 
ever  we  have  tested  the  Surtees  volume  with  ancient  evidences  its  accuracy 
has  been  fully  established,  and  the  MS.  from  which  it  has  been  taken  is  of 
such  high  and  undoubted  authority  that  we  cannot  but  look  upon  it  with 
very  great  respect. 

Miss  Currer*s  MS.  is  partly  in  the  handwriting  of  Sir  William  Dugdale 
himself,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  volume,  text  and  arms,  is  the  handy- 
work  of  his  pupil  and  companion,  the  well-known  Gregory  King.  In  1677 
Sir  William  gave  it  to  Sir  Henry  St.  George ;  after  his  death  it  passed 
through  various  hands,  till  at  last  it  found  a  resting-place  in  the  magnificent 
library  of  the  late  Sir  M.  M.  Sykes.  When  that  splendid  collection  was 
dispersed  in  1824,  it  was  purchased  for  a  very  large  sum  by  Miss  Currer. 

Mr.  Davies*  endeavour  has  been  to  present  to  the  members  of  the  Surtees 
Society  a  faithful  transcript  of  the  MS.  which  was  entrusted  to  him,  and  to 
this  plan  he  has  honestly  adhered.  A  few  errors  have  thereby  been  re- 
tained, but  they  are  so  obvious  that  any  one  who  has  the  slightest  acquaint- 
ance with  the  history  of  the  county  cannot  fail  to  detect  them.  We  could 
have  wished  to  have  seen  the  arms  of  each  family  engraved,  but  this  under- 
taking was,  we  presume,  considered  a  stupendous  and  costly  task,  as  indeed 
it  would  have  been :  instead  of  a  cut,  therefore,  we  have  a  description  of 
each  bearing,  and  this  description,  together  with  the  rest  of  his  editorial 
work,  has  been  done  by  Mr.  Davies  with  faithfulness  and  ability. 

Mr.  Davies  has  given  a  slight  sketch  of  the  progress  of  Sir  William 
through  the  broad  county  of  York,  with  Gregory  King  for  his  companion. 
The  whole  journey  was  performed  on  horseback,  through  rough  roads  and 


a   <i 


The  Visitation  of  the  County  of  Yorke,  begun  in  1665  and  finished  in  1666. 
By  William  Dugdale,  Esq.,  Norroy  King  of  Armes."    Pablished  for  the  Surtees  Sodetj 
by  George  Andrews,  Durham,  and  may  be  obtained  through  any  bookseller,  price  SOk 
b  See  GsKT.  Mag.,  May,  1860,  p.  500. 

3 


I860.]  Dug  day  8  Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  29 

over  moor  and  moss.  We  can  see  them  stopping  with  their  note-books  at 
every  old  house  on  their  way,  and  going  into  every  church  to  pry  about  for 
inscriptions,  achievements,  and  arms.  Their  discoveries  in  this  way  are 
still  preserved  in  the  Heralds'  College.  The  whole  of  the  county  seems  to 
have  been  mapped  out  into  districts,  and  the  gentry  were  summoned  to 
meet  the  herald  at  some  particular  place.  We  can  well  imagine  the  scene 
in  the  wainscoted  parlour  of  the  little  country  inn  : — 

"...    before  him  lay  a  dusty  heap 

Of  aocient  legers,  books  of  evidence, 

Old  blazoned  pedigrees  and  antique  rolls.'* 

And  yet,  as  a  rule,  there  are  not  many  of  the  pedigrees  recorded  by  Dug- 
dale  which  shew  that  ancient  authorities  had  been  called  in  to  prove  them. 
Some  three  or  four  generations,  on  the  average,  are  entered  by  many  of  the 
gentry,  and  it  is  amusing  to  observe  how  their  memory  seems  occasionally 
to  have  failed  them  when  Christian  names  were  required  at  the  distance  of 
only  two  or  three  generations. 

When  we  compare  this  Visitation  with  that  \^hich  was  made  in  1612,  we 
are  greatly  struck  by  the  vast  increase  of  families  entitled  to  wear  arms.' 
There  are  no  less  than  472  pedigrees  recorded  by  Dugdale,  and  there  were 
many  others,  doubtless,  which  might  have  been  admitted  by  him.  In  spite 
of  the  troublous  times,  fortunes  had  been  made  and  estates  purchased  ;  and 
we  cannot  help  observing  how  many  of  the  great  families  of  Yorkshire  have 
for  their  founders  successful  traders.  Many  of  the  large  towns  in  the  West 
Biding  were  at  that  time  merely  country  villages,  but  York,  Beverley,  and 
Hull  were  great  marts  of  commerce,  and  it  was  there  that  the  wealthiest 
merchants  lived  and  prospered.  There  are  very  few  of  the  Yorkshire 
houses,  however  exclusive  they  may  have  become,  that  have  not  been  con- 
nected, some  time  or  other,  with  trade.  But  why  should  they  be  ashamed 
of  ascribing  their  present  stability  to  the  fruits  of  honourable  labour  ? 

The  Civil  Wars  were  a  great  blow  to  the  Yorkshire  gentlemen,  and  if 
they  had  not  occurred,  the  Visitation  made  by  Dugdale  would  have  been 
much  larger  than  it  is.  We  gather  from  it  much  valuable  information  re- 
specting that  eventful  period.  With  a  few  exceptions,  most  of  the  esquires 
of  Yorkshire  were  on  the  king's  part,  and  the  fines  which  some  of  them 
were  compelled  to  pay  were  enormous.  But  this  partizanship  cost  many  of 
them  their  lives,  and  we  can  form  from  the  Visitation  some  idea  of  their  suf- 
ferings. Sir  Eichard  Hutton,  the  son  of  the  judge,  was  killed  at  Sher- 
burne. Sir  Jervase  Cutler  died  within  the  castle  of  Pontefract  whilst  the 
rebels  were  beleaguering  it,  having  begged  that  he  should  be  laid  under  a 
stone  inscribed  with  the  simple  word  Besurgam,  The  head  of  the  great 
house  of  Constable  died  at  Scarborough.  Sir  John  Girlington  was  killed 
at  Melton  Mowbray,  and  his  wife  was  taken  prisoner  at  Preston  in  1643. 
Members  of  the  families  of  Pudsey,  Tempest,  Plumpton,  Meynell,  Stapleton, 

Oascoigne,  Vavasor,   Gower,   Metcalfe,  Dalton,  Hungate,  Metham,  and 
GsKT.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  e 


80  Dugdale^s  Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  [Joly* 

Slingsby  died  upon  the  field  of  battle.  Sir  Richard  Graham  was  sorely 
wounded  at  Marston,  and  rode  away  ^om  the  field  to  his  house  at  Norton - 
Conyers,  but  there  is  no  truth  in  the  story  that  he  died  as  soon  as  he 
reached  his  home.  Thomas  Bradley,  canon  K)f  York,  who  records  his  pedi- 
gree, lost  his  preferments,  and  Walker  pit3ringly  tells  us  that  in  the  midst  of 
his  troubles  he  was  '^  forced  to  eat  puddings  made  of  boars'  blood/*  What 
a  lamentable  fate  for  a  man  who  had  married  a  daughter  of  Lord  Savile ! 
The  lady  was  famous  for  wearing  a  veil  before  her  face  day  and  night,  hav» 
ing  made  a  vow  that  no  EngH^man  should  ever  see  her  hice.  At  the  siege 
of  York  in  1644  many  remarkable  incidents  took  place,  and  Sir  Philip 
Monckton,  who  fought  at  Marston  lill  he  was  obliged  to  hold  his  bridle  with 
his  teeth,  has  shewn  that  he  could  wield  the  pen  as  well  as  the  sword.  One 
of  the  hardest  struggles  of  the  siege  was  on  Trinity  Sunday.  St.  Mary*s 
tower,  the  great  charter-house  of  the  North,  was  blown  up,  and  a  rush  made 
into  the  city,  which  was  repelled  with  great  loss.  Sir  Philip  Byron  fell  on 
the  king's  part,  together  with  Colonel  Huddleston,  one  of  seven  brothers,  all 
of  whom  took  up  arms  for  King  Charles.  A  short  time  after  this  pame  the 
disastrous  fight  on  Marston  Meor,  where  numy  of  the  Yorkshire  gentry  lost 
their  lives.  Sir  William  Wentworth,  Sir  Charles  Slingsby,  and  Sir  Thos. 
Metham  died  on  that  disastrous  field.  We  can  weH  imagine  the  dismay  and 
confusion  with  which  the  defeated  army  would  roll  into  the  still  lo3ral  city  of 
York.  There  are  one  or  two  romantic  incidents  connected  with  the  battle- 
field. Sir  Charles  Lucas,  himself  a  prisoner,  was  desired  to  point  out  any 
of  the  slain  whom  he  desired  to  be  honourably  interred :  he  only  picked  out 
one.  His  name  is  not  told  to  us,  but  there  was  a  love-token  on  his  wrist, 
a  bracelet  of  hair,  and  Sir  <DhaTles  begged  it  for  a  lady  who  he  knew  would 
value  it.  On  the  morning  after  the  battle  a  daughter  of  the  house  of 
Trappes  came  over  from  Nidd  to  search  the  battle-field  for  the  body  of  her 
husband,  Charles  Towneley.  She  told  her  story  on  the  field  to  an  ofiicer, 
who  pityingly  begged  her  to  leave  the  place,  and  sent  a  trooper  to  escort 
her  homewards.  That  officer  was  Cromwell.  A  diflerent  tale  is  told  of  his 
reception  at  Ripley  Castle  by  Lady  Ingleby.  He,  much  against  her  will, 
was  her  guest  for  a  night,  but  she  bade  him  and  his  soldiers  behave  them- 
selves with  propriety,  and  sat  watching  the  General  during  the  whole  night 
with  a  brace  of  pistols  in  her  girdle. 

Men  of  letters,  also,  are  fairly  represented  in  the  Visitation.  Roger 
Dodsworth  is  there,  to  whose  unrecognised  exertions  Dugdale  owes  so 
much  of  his  own  fame.  We  miss  Edward  Fairfax  the  poet,  hut  we  find 
Charles  Fairfax  of  Menston,  the  cousin,  in  blood  and  taste,  of  the  good 
Lord  Fairfax.  We  have  Robert  Wittie  of  York,  the  disputatious  and 
pedantic  physician,  who  could  sing  of  the  raptures  of  the  gout,  which  he 
professed  to  cure.  The  Richardsons,  the  Currers,  and  good  Bishop  Heber 
are  all  represented  in  their  ancestors.  There  is  a  pedigree  of  the  Drakes, 
who  for  several  generations  made  some  little  name  in  the  annals  of  litera* 


I860.]  Dugdale^s  Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  31 

ture ;  we  have  also  the  collector  Hopkinson^  and  Nathaniel  Johnstone,  the 
Pontefract  antiquary,  with  his  long  Scottish  pedigree.  We  have  also,  and 
we  were  pleased  to  find  it,  the  first  glimpse,  in  print,  of  the  pious  and 
excellent  Thoreshy,  who  appears  in  the  tree  of  his  ancient  house,  heing  then 
but  six  years  of  age.  Nor  must  we  forget  another  worthy  who  meets  us 
here.  Sir  Thomas  Herbert,  the  distinguished  royalist  and  traveller.  There 
is  no  one  of  all  that  we  have  mentioned  that  we  should  like  to  see  more 
than  Sir  Thomas :  with  what  pleasure  and  interest  we  should  listen  to  the 
story  of  his  checquered  life  I  We  should  inspect  with  some  little  curiosity 
the  chess-board  of  Henry  VIII.  that  he  possessed,  and  on  which  that  hot- 
tempered  monarch  would  generally  be  allowed  to  win ;  but  we  should  gaze 
with  much  greater  interest  upon  another  treasure,  which  Sir  Thomas  very 
greatly  prized,  the  silver  clock  which  was  given  to  him  by  hi&  imfortunate 
master,  Charles  I.,  on  the  morning  of  his  execution. 

Graver  thoughts  are  suggested  whea  we  consider  the  changes  in  names 
and  estates  which  the  difierent  Visitations  bring  before  us.  What  changes 
does  a  single  century  efiect !  At  the  commencement  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury the  EitzwiUiams  were  the  most  numerous  and  influential  family  in 
Yorkshire ;  in  1665  no  one  of  that  name  appears  at  the  Visitation.  Names 
great  and  potent  in  the  previous  century  were  at  that  time  extinct  or 
nncared  for.  The  Gargraves  had  ended  in  disgrace,  and  a  cloud  had  fallen 
over  the  fair  house  of  Calverley.  The  Constables,  the  Gascoignes,  and  the 
Stapletons  wefe  not  what  they  once  were.  The  Wycliflfes  of  Wyclifie 
were  gone ;  the  Rokebies  were  sinking  under  their  debts ;  the  glories  of 
the  house  of  Lascelles  had  been  scattered  by  a  spendthrift ;  the  rich 
lands  of  Ingmanthorp  had  passed  away  from  the  ancient  family  of  Roos, 
and  one  of  the  last  of  that  house  was  obliged  to  glean  in  harvest-time  for 
her  subsistence.  Another  member  of  that  family  was  in  1612  a  blacksmith 
at  Hull,  and  yet  without  any  shame  he  boldly  brings  his  evidences  before 
the  heralds,  and  enters  his  pedigree  in  that  year.  The  Talbots  were  now 
going,  verifying  to  the  last  the  old  prediction,  that  there  should  alternately 
be  a  fool  and  a  wise  man  at  their  head.  Nearly  two  hundred  years  have 
elapsed  since  Dugdale  visited  Yorkshire,  and  during  that  period  what  a  change 
has  passed  over  the  gentry  of  the  county.  We  doubt  very  much  whether 
there  are  fifty  gentlemen  in  Yorkshire  who  can  connect  themselves,  without 
having  recourse  to  a  female  line,  with  the  families  that  existed  in  Dugdale^^s 
time.  Of  the  many  peers  who  are  connected  with  Yorkshire  by  blood 
or  property^  not  more  than  five  or  six  can  do  this.  Among  the  gentry 
there  has  been  a  complete  revolution.  Some  of  the  fine  old  houses  are 
still  flourishing,  and  long  may  they  flourish,  for  it  is  a  pleasure  to  know 
that  old  families  continue,  when  so  many  change.  We  still  have  the 
Dawneys  in  the  youthful  Lord  Downe  and  his  brothers.  The  Hothams, 
the  Palmes's,  the  Creykes,  the  Boyntons,  the  Meynells,  the  Tempests,  the 
Saltmarshes,  the  Worsleys,  the  Caylej^s,  the  Legards,  and  the   Huttons, 


82  Lugdale^a  Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  [July* 

are  still  flourishing.     The  ancient  house  of  Waterton  is  represented  by  the 

well-known  naturalist ;  Grimston  will  probably  have  a  Grimston  for  its 

owner  as  long  as  the  ocean  spares  it ;  the  Hamertons  still  cling  to  the  old 

peel  at  Helifield,  and  the  only  surviving  branch  of  the  grand  old  house  of 

Scrope  is  still  full  of  life  and  energy,  and  is  striving,  even  now,  for  the  lost 

coronet  of  Wiltshire.     But  if  these  and  some  others  remain  to  us,  how 

many  have  been  lost  since  Dugdale  made  his  Visitation !   To  take  one  class 

only  as  a  specimen.     We  are  not  understating  the  truth  when  we  say 

that  at  least  fifty  baronetcies  have  become  extinct  in  Yorkshire  during  the 

last  two  centuries.     The  latter  days  of  some  of  them  have  indeed  been 

dark.     The  story  of  Sir  Solomon  Swale,  of  Swale  Hall  in  Swaledale,  his 

misfortunes  and  his  pride,  need  only  be  mentioned  to  be  remembered.    The 

last  of  the  Herberts  died  in  great  poverty,  a  pensioner  upon  the  bounty  of 

the  Brights  of  Badsworth,  who  have  also   disappeared.     What  did   he 

do  with  the  chess-board  and  the  silver  clock }    The  last  of  the  Reresbys  of 

Thribergh,  a  notorious  gambler  and  spendthrift,  died  at  last  the  tapster  in 

the  Fleet  prison.     He  was  passionately  fond  of  cock-fighting,  and,  as  the 

story  goes,  he  staked  and  lost  the  estate  of  Dennaby  upon  a  single  main ! 

Sir  Harry  Goodrick  is  not  yet  forgotten.     He  was  a  canon  of  York,  and 

we  know  not  what  else,  but  was  also  a  sporting  character.     The  ''  Annual 

Register"  for  1801  says  of  him,  "He  kept  many  fine  race-horses,  but, 

in  respect  for  his  clerical  character,  he  always  run  them  in  the  name  of 

some  other  gentleman !"     We  have  heard  of  the  following  epitaph  which 

was  composed  for  him,  and  which  is  too  good  to  be  omitted : — 

"  By  the  box  and  the  turf  still  surrotuided, 
Tho'  finished  his  ultimate  race, 
A  knowing  divine  here  lies  grounded 
Till  called  to  his  own  proper  place. 

"  To  decide  would  he  wholly  unfitting 
Of  Styx  whether  that  side  or  this, 
For  if  lihadamanthus  he  sitting. 
Enough — coram  judice  lis." 

We  could  say  much  more  about  this  most  interesting  volume,  which  is  so 

suggestive  and  so  authentic.     Nothing  half  so  valuable  in  its  way  has  ever 

been  published  about  Yorkshire.     No  one,  without  perusing  it,  can  have 

the  slightest  idea  of  the  novelty  and  the  value  of  the  information  that  it 

contains.     Every  Yorkshire  gentleman  and  every  Yorkshire  library  ought 

to  possess  it.     There  is  not  a  landowner  in  the  county  who  will  not  find 

something  in  it  relating  either  to  his  family  or  his  estate.     And  here  he 

has  an  authentic  record  and  not  guess-work,  genealogy  and  not  fiction. 

We  must  again  tender  our  thanks  to  the  Surtees  Society  for  enabling  us 

to  peruse  so  interesting  a  volume,  and  we  trust  that  the  Society,  by  a  large 

accession  of  members,  will  be  enabled  to  carry  out  with  still  greater  energy 

what  it  proposes  to  do  for  the   North  of  England,  and  especially  for 

Yorkshire. 


I860.]  33 


GLEANINGS  PROM  WESTMINSTER  ABBEY. 

A  Leotubb  dslitebed  to  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Abchiteots,  hy 

Geobge  Gilbebt  Scott,  A.B.A. 

(Concluded  from  Vol,  ccYUi^p,  584.) 

The  entries  found  by  Mr.  Burtt  are,  for  the  most  part,  of  a  somewhat 
general  character ;  but  it  is  stated  in  the  Pipe  Rolls  that  further  particulars 
have  been  sent  in  to  the  Treasury.  These  bills  of  particulars  have,  it  is 
feared,  been  for  the  most  part  lost ;  but  Mr.  Burtt  has  succeeded  in  finding 
one  complete  one  for  about  half  a- year  (probably  1253),  which  is  of  so 
interesting  a  character  that  [we  hope  to  publish  it,  with  notes,  in  continua- 
tion of  this  series  of  papers].  It  is  a  perfect  bill  of  quantities  of  the  work 
done  during  twenty-five  weeks,  giving  the  names  and  measurements  of 
every  moulding,  and  every  detail  of  the  work,  and  will  form  a  very  curious 
and  interesting  illustration  of  the  architectural  nomenclature  of  the  period. 
Attached  to  it  are  two  amusing  little  letters  from  the  quarry-master  at 
Purbeck,  promising  ship-loads  of  marble,  and  begging  for  speedy  orders  on 
the  ground  of  other  pressing  business. 

The  notices  I  have  adverted  to  in  the  Fabric  Bolls  of  the  works  from 
Eklward  III.'s  time  onwards  are  also  very  detailed,  and  give  curious  par- 
ticulars as  to  the  mode  of  employing  men  at  that  time.  They  appear  to 
have  been  fed  and  clothed  by  the  employer,  and  the  clothing  would  appear 
to  be  by  no  means  to  be  complained  of.  In  one  year  we  have  an  entry  of 
15s.  (equal  to  eight  or  ten  pounds)  for  a  fur  robe  for  the  chief  mason ;  but 
another  year  nothing  entered  for  his  robe,  because  this  independent  gentle- 
man "  refused  to  receive  it  on  account  of  the  delay  in  its  delivery." 

Going  back  to  the  earlier  accounts,  I  may  mention  that  extensive  works 
appear  to  have  been  going  on  at  the  same  time  in  the  palace  and  its  chapel, 
including  a  great  deal  of  decorative  painting ;  also  that  the  belfry  of  the 
Abbey  was  being  built,  which,  I  think,  stood  somewhere  westward  of  the 
church,  and  of  which,  I  believe,  that  some  remains  existed  at  a  somewhat 
recent  date. 

The  outlay  upon  the  Abbey  during  the  first  fifteen  years  of  the  work, 
would,  if  translated  into  our  money  value,  considerably  exceed  half-a- 
million.  I  must  not,  however,  follow  up  these  details  on  the  present 
occasion. 

I  have  dwelt  so  long  upon  the  fabric  that  I  must  content  myself  with 
a  cursory  notice  of  a  few  of  the  internal  contents  of  the  church,  to  which 
I  chance  to  have  paid  particular  attention. 

That  most  remarkable  work,  the  Shrine  of  the  Confessor,  has  been  so 


84  Gleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey.  [July, 

largely  dwelt  upon  before  the  Institute,  when  the  subject  wfts  brought 
forward  a  few  years  back  by  Professor  Donaldson,  that  it  would  be  super- 
fluous  to  go  again  into  the  rainutiee  of  the  investigation,  to  which  I  devoted 
a  great  amount  of  time,  and  was  ably  followed  up  by  my  talented  friend 
Mr.  B urges. 

I  will  content  myself  with  a  summary  of  results. 

Shortly  afler  my  appointment  to  the  Abbey,  in  1849,  I  was  led,  owing 
to  a  visit  paid  to  the  church  by  Le  P^re  Martin  with  myself  and  some 
members  of  the  Ecclesiological  Society,  to  devote  a  good  deal  of  attention 
to  ascertaining,  so  far  as  possible,  the  ancient  form  of  the  shrine ;  the  re- 
sults of  which  I  gave  in  a  correspondence  with  a  leading  member  of  that 
Society.  I  removed  the  brick  wall  which  then  blocked  up  the  west  end, 
and  exposed  the  marks  shewing  where  the  altar  had  been  fixed,  and  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  pillars  now  at  that  end  were  formerly  detached, 
and  probably  carried  lights.  Probably  they  were  the  *  feet'  which  King 
Henry  IIL  is  said  to  have  given  for  certain  lamps  to  be  burned  before  the 
shrine. 

The  retabulam  occupies,  as  I  ascertained,  its  proper  position,  excepting 
that  it  has  been  lifted  three  inches  above  its  original  level,  a  fact  proved  by 
its  intercepting  the  space  required  for  the  completion  both  of  the  ancient 
and  the  more  modern  inscriptions,  for  neither  of  which  there  is  now 
sufficient  room. 

The  front  and  what  is  seen  of  the  back  of  the  retabulura,  being  deco- 
corated  with  mosaic,  and  the  edge  left  plain,  it  follows  that  the  latter 
must  have  been  more  or  less  concealed.  I  judge,  therefore,  that  the 
detached  pillars  must  have  been  placed  very  close  to  them. 

Extracts  have  been  kindly  communicated  to  me  by  Mr.  John  Gough 
Nichols,  from  diaries  kept  during  the  days  of  Queen  Mary,  shewing  that 
the  body  of  the  Confessor  had  been  removed,  and  the  shrine  wholly 
or  in  part  taken  down  at  the  dissolution,  but  restored  in  Queen  Mary's 
time,  when  the  present  wooden  shrine,  the  cornice,  the  modem  in- 
scription, and  the  painted  decorations  were  added.  I  am  inclined  to 
think  that  the  marble  substructure  was  only  taken  down  far  enough  to 
allow  of  the  removal  of  the  body,  as  its  parts  have  been  displaced  in 
refixing  so  far  down  as  that,  but  no  further.  The  altar  either  had  not  been 
removed,  or  was  probably  re-erected  at  the  same  time,  and  was,  I  think, 
not  removed  again  till  the  Great  Rebellion,  being  needed  at  coronations,  on 
which  occasions  a  table  has  since  been  substituted  under  the  old  name  of 
''  the  altar  of  St.  Edward."  I  found  at  the  back  of  where  the  altar  has 
stood  a  slab,  apparently  taken  from  some  monument  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  which  confirms  this  idea.  There  is,  in  Abbot  Litlington's  Service- 
book  in  the  Library,  in  the  initial  of  the  Service  for  St.  Edward's  day, 
a  view  of  the  shrine,  though  I  fear  an  imaginary  one.  The  substructure  is 
speckled  over  to  represent  the  mosaic  work,  but  the  seven  arched  recesses 


I860.]  Gleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey.  85 

for  pilgrims  to  kneel  under,  which  really  occupy  two  sides  and  an  end,  are 
all  shewn  on  one  side !  The  shrine  itself  is  shewn  lower  than  was  usual, 
and  a  recumbent  figure  of  the  Confessor  is  shewn  on  its  sloping  covering. 
I  will  only  add  that  I  opened  the  ground  round  the  half-buried  pillars  at 
the  west  end,  and  found  them  to  agree  in  height  with  those  at  the  east, 
which  they  so  muoh  exceed  in  diameter,  and  that  I  have  been  so  fortunate 
as  to  recover  the  broken  parts  of  one  of  the  eastern  pillars,  and  to  refit  and 
refix  its  numerous  fragments  with  the  help  of  one  new  piece  of  only  a  few 
inches  in  length,  so  that  we  have  now  one  perfect  pillar. 

In  connexion  with  the  shrine  I  will  allude  to  a  little  discovery  which  I 
have  shewn  to  many,  I  dare  say,  now  present.  There  is  a  sarcophagus- 
shaped  slab  in  the  floor  immediately  to  the  east  of  the  shrine,  which  is  said 
to  commemorate  a  son  of  William  de  Valence  who  died  young.  The  cross 
and  inscription  are  nearly  obliterated,  but  its  eastern  end  is  covered  by  the 
step  to  the  tomb  of  King  Henry  V.  A  very  painstaking  friend  and 
assistant  of  mine  (Mr.  Irvine),  in  examining  the  point  of  junction  between 
the  step  and  the  slab,  perceived  signs  of  some  substance  being  inlaid  into 
the  latter.  I  obtained  permission  to  remove  a  portion  of  the  step,  when 
we  found  that  the  slab  had  been  inlaid  with  brass  and  glass-mosaic,  and 
was,  no  doubt,  executed  when  the  shrine  was  in  hand. 

A  large  portion  of  the  pavement  before  the  altar  was  executed  by 
Roman  workmen,  and  with  materials  brought  from  Rome  by  Abbot  Ware, 
about  1267  or  1268.  Of  the  curious  inscription,  a  part  giving  the  list 
of  those  concerned  in  the  work  is  still  legible,  being  ''  Tertius  Henricus 
urbs  Odoricus  et  Abbas.'*  Odoricus  being  the  artist,  and  "  urbs"  of  course 
means  Rome,  as  is  proved  by  Ware's  own  epitaph,  which  says,  when 
speaking  of  these  stones,  '*  quos  hue  portavit  ctb  wrhey 

It  is  curious  that  both  in  the  monuments  inlaid  with  glass-mosaic,  and  in 
the  pavements  in  which  the  inlaying  matericd  is  chiefly  porphyry,  the 
artists,  as  a  thing  of  course,  adopted,  as  the  matrix,  Purbeck  marble  in 
place  of  the  white  marble  they  were  accustomed  to  use  in  Italy. 

The  tomb  of  King  Henry  III.  is  too  well  known  to  need  description 
here,  but  that  of  some  of  his  children  and  grandchildren  in  the  south  aisle 
is  but  little  noticed  ;  indeed,  its  Italian  forms  so  much  resemble  those  of 
a  modern  monument  that  it  usually  passes  for  one. 

Taking  the  tombs  of  the  Confessor,  of  Henry  III.  and  his  daughter, 
and  of  young  De  Valence,  in  connexion  with  the  pavement  before  the 
high  altar,  and  that  of  the  Confessor's  Chapel,  I  should  doubt  whether — I 
will  not  say  any  church  north  of  the  Alps — but,  I  may  almost  say,  whether 
any  country  north  of  the  Alps,  contains  such  a  mass  of  early  Italian  deco- 
rative art ;  indeed,  the  very  artists  employed  appear  to  have  done  their 
utmost  to  increase  the  value  of  the  works  they  were  bequeathing  to  us  by 
giving  to  the  mosaic  work  the  utmost  possible  variety  of  pattern. 

Another  object  which  does  not  receive  the  attention  it  deserves  is  the 


86  Oleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey,  U^Yi 

retabulum  from  the  high  altar,  now  preserved  in  a  glass  case  in  the  south- 
eastern aisle. 

It  is  a  very  wonderful  work  of  art,  being  most  richly  decorated  with 
glass,  gold,  and  painting,  and  probably  with  precious  stones,  and  even 
with  casts  of  antique  gems.  The  glass  enrichments  are  of  two  sorts  ;  in 
one  the  glass  is  coloured,  and  is  decorated  on  its  face  with  gold  diaper ;  in 
the  other  it  is  white,  and  laid  upon  a  decorated  surface.  The  great  charm, 
however,  of  the  work  must  have  been  in  the  paintings.  They  consist  of 
single  figures,  in  niches,  of  our  Lord  and  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  and  two  fe- 
male saints,  and  a  number  of  small  medallion  subjects  beautifully  painted'^. 

Kext  to  the  Italian  tombs,  one  of  the  most  interesting  is  that  of  William 
de  Valence.  I  am  not  aware  whether  any  old  account  of  this  monument 
exists,  but  I  suppose  we  may  fairly  set  it  down  as  a  French  work,  and 
probably  executed  by  an  artist  from  Limoges,  though  the  custom  of 
referring  all  enamel  works  to  that  particular  seat  of  the  art  is  not,  I  think, 
borne  out  by  facts ;  indeed,  it  would  appear  from  the  old  accounts  that 
enamels  for  the  shrine  of  the  Confessor  were  executed  here,  whether  by  an 
artist  from  Limoges  is  unknown,  though  we  know  that  one  was  employed 
in  England  shortly  afterwards. 

The  execution  of  these  enamels  is  truly  exquisite,  so  much  so  that  it  is 
only  by  the  closest  examination  that  any  idea  can  be  formed  of  the  won- 
derful delicacy  of  the  workmanship. 

The  monument  was  thus  described  by  Keepe,  1683 : — 

"  A  wainscot  chest,  covered  over  with  plates  of  brass,  richly  enamelled, 
and  thereon  the  image  of  de  Valence,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  with  a  deep  shield 
on  his  left  arm,  in  a  coat  of  mail  with  a  surcoat,  all  of  the  same  enamelled 
brass,  gilt  with  gold,  and  beset  with  the  arms  of  Valence,  &c.  .  .  .  Round 
about  the  inner  ledge  of  this  tomb  is  most  of  the  epitaph  remaining,  in  the 
ancient  Saxon  letters,  and  the  rest  of  the  chest,  covered  with  brass  wrought 
in  the  form  of  lozenges,  each  lozenge  containing  either  the  arms  of  England 
or  of  Valence,  alternately  placed  one  after  the  other,  enamelled  with  their 
colours.  Hound  this  chest  have  been  thirty  little  brazen  images,  some  of 
them  still  remaining,  twelve  on  each  side,  and  three  at  each  end,  divided 
by  central  arches  that  serve  as  niches  to  enclose  them  ;  and  on  the  outward 
ledge,  at  the  foot  of  each  of  these  images,  is  placed  a  coat  of  arms  in  brass 
enamelled  with  the  colours." 

Since  this  time  the  greater  part  of  what  is  above  described  has  dis- 
appeared, shewing  that  the  spoliation  of  the  Abbey  is  not  generally  charge- 
able against  the  rebels,  but  has  gone  on  in  modern  times  during  the  con- 
temptuous domination  of  Classic  taste. 

The  tomb  of  Queen  Eleanor,  with  its  exquisitely  elegant  effigy,  is  too 

*  An  excellent  description  of  this  work  is  to  bo  foand  in  Sir  Charles  Eastlake's 
"  Materials  for  a  HUtory  of  Oil  PainUng." 
4 


I860.]  Oleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey,  37 

well  known  to  need  any  description  from  me.  I  have  had  the  privilege, 
since  my  connection  with  the  Abbey,  of  promoting  the  restoration  to  it  of 
the  beautiful  piece  of  ironwork  which  overhangs  it,  and  which  had  been 
removed  in  1822.  The  eflSgy,  with  that  of  Henry  III.,  was  executed  by 
an  artist  named  Torrell,  supposed  by  Sir  Richard  Westmacott,  I  think, 
without  evidence,  to  be  an  Italian.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  which  remains 
in  any  country. 

"Were  this  paper  devoted  to  the  monuments  alone,  I  would  have  at- 
tempted a  description  of  the  tomb  of  Edmund  Earl  of  Lancaster,  brother 
to  Edward  I.,  and  of  Aveline  his  wife.  These  magnificent  monuments, 
viewed  as  architectural  works,  seem  to  be  intimately  connected  with  seve- 
ral cotemporary  works,  especially  the  Eleanor  crosses,  and  the  tombs  of 
Archbishop  Peckham  at  Canterbury,  and  of  Bishop  de  Luda  at  Ely,  all 
executed  between  1290  and  1300.  One  of  their  special  characteristics  is 
the  extreme  closeness  with  which  nature  is  followed  in  their  foliated  carv- 
ings, every  portion  of  which  is  taken  directly  from  some  actual  plant 
with  no  further  conventional  treatment  than  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  to 
its  position.  These  works  occupy  the  middle  position  between  the  con- 
ventional foliage  of  the  earlier  and  the  almost  equally  conventional  foliage 
of  the  later  divisions  of  our  architecture.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  mistake  to  call 
the  foliage,  even  of  the  later  parts  of  the  Decorated  style,  natural.  The 
use  of  really  natural  foliage  is  very  seldom  found  after  the  end  of  the  thir- 
teenth and  the  few  earliest  years  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  marks,  if 
I  may  so  say,  the  resting-place  between  the  conventionalism  of  ofproach 
to  the  conventionalism  of  departure  from  nature ;  the  conventionalism  of 
strength  and  of  weakness — of -vigour  and  of  lassitude. 

But  the  most  remarkable  characteristics  of  the  two  monuments  is  the 
splendour  of  their  decorative  colouring.  The  figure  sculpture,  though 
possessing  considerable  merit,  is  not  so  fine  either  as  in  the  nearly  cotem- 
porary monuments  of  Henry  III.  and  of  Eleanor,  or  in  the  somewhat  later 
one  of  Aymer  de  Valence.  The  effigy  of  Edmund  is,  however,  a  very  noble 
and  dignified  work. 

The  adjoining  tomb  of  Aymer  de  Valence  is  evidently  an  imitation  of 
those  last  described,  but  does  not  equal  them  either  in  its  architecture  or 
its  decorations,  though  far  exceeding  them  in  the  merits  of  its  sculpture. 
I  have  seen  no  old  accounts  of  this  tomb,  but  I  fancy  that  the  sculpture  is 
French,  both  from  a  decidedly  French  character  in  the  architectural  carv- 
ing of  the  niches  which  contain  the  statuettes,  and  from  the  similarity  of 
the  statuettes  themselves  to  some  of  the  same  period  preserved  in  the 
Hotel  Cluny  at  Paris. 

These,  and  the  effigy  itself,  rank  among  the  finest  specimens  of  medieval 
sculpture. 

The  tomb  of  Queen  Philippa  stands,  perhaps,  next  to  them  in  beauty 
and  interest.     It  is  undoubtedly  a  foreign  work,  as  in  the  account  of  its 

asjiT.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  f 


88  Gleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey.  [July, 

cost,  still  extant,  it  is  said  to  have  been  executed  by  one  **  Hawkin  Liege, 
from  France."  Its  character  seems  to  me  rather  Flemish  than  French,  and 
very  possibly  the  artist  may  have  been  from  Valenciennes,  the  seat  of  her 
father's  court. 

The  monument,  as  you  will  recollect,  consists  of  an  altar-tomb  of  dark 
marble  overlaid  with  niches  of  open-work  in  white  alabaster.  These  niches 
contained  thirty  statuettes  of  different  personages,  connected  by  relation- 
ship or.  marriage  with  the  Queen.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  tabernacle- 
.  work,  though  shewn  as  perfect  in  the  prints  of  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century,  has  since  disappeared. 

The  end  of  the  tomb  has  been  immured  in  the  lower  part  of  the  chapel 
of  King  Henry  V.,  and  thinking  it  probable  that  the  tabernacle-work  and 
statuettes  might  remain  within  the  enclosing  masonry,  I  obtained  permis- 
sion of  Dean  Buckland  to  make  an  incision  into  it,  which  I  found  could  be 
done  without  injury  to  the  later  monument ;  I  was  so  fortunate  as  to  find 
several  niches  in  a  tolerably  perfect  condition,  with  two  of  the  statuettes 
quite  perfect,  and  a  number  of  fragments  of  others.  I  found  also  in  the 
tabernacle-work  a  most  beautiful  little  figure  of  an  angel  with  the  wings  of 
gilt  metal.  The  figure  had  lost  its  head,  but  I  was  so  fortunate  as  to  discover 
it  enveloped  in  a  lump  of  mortar.  I  found  also  enough  of  the  architectural 
features  to  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  recovery  of  the  entire  design.  Mr.  Cundy, 
the  Abbey  mason,  made  from  the  information  thus  obtained  a  restored  re- 
production of  the  end  of  the  monument,  which  he  exhibited  in  1851. 

One  of  the  niches  and  several  other  portions  were  afterwards  found  to  be 
deposited  in  Mr.  Cottingham's  Museum,  and  having  been  purchased  from 
him,  have  been  refixed  in  then-  places. 

One  very  curious  feature  in  the  design  is  a  scroll  like  the  crook  of 
a  pastoral  staff  between  the  niches  at  the  angles  of  the  monument ;  the 
architectural  details  had  no  decorative  colouring,  but  the  foliage  was  gilt. 
The  arms  were  of  course  coloured,  and  the  figures  had  beautiful  patterns, 
chiefiy  in  gold  upon  the  draperies  ;  the  hair  was  gilt,  the  pupils  of  the  eyes 
touched  in  with  blue,  and  the  lips  with  red.  The  head-dresses  of  the  female 
figures  are  beautifully  eniiched  with  gold  and  colour.  One  of  the  heads 
was  unfortunately  broken  off  while  opening  it  out,  for  I  should  mention 
that  the  figures  were  enclosed  in  a  solid  mass  of  rubble- work.  This  head 
I  had  a  cast  made  from,  and  the  decoration  exactly  copied  on  it.  I  had  also 
a  cast  made  of  the  angel  before  mentioned,  and  most  fortunate  it  was  that 
I  did  so. 

I  afterwards  most  carefully  replaced  them  with  my  own  hands,  fixing 
them  in  their  places  with  shellac;  but,  though  I  told  no  one.  I  had  done 
so,  and  though  they  were  quite  out  of  sight,  I  was  disgusted  to  find,  the 
next  time  I  examined  the  monument,  that  both  of  them  had  been  stolen ! 
They  were  so  difficult  of  access  that  this  act  of  wanton  depredation  could 
only  have  been  effected  by  a  person  well  acquainted  with  what  had  been 


I860.]  Gleanings  from  Westminster  Abbey,  39 

discovered,  and  that  with  considerable  difficulty.  It  is  most  deeply  hu- 
miliating  to  think  that  persons  capable  of  appreciating  the  value  and  in- 
terest attached  to  such  objects,  should  be  so  utterly  lost  to  all  sense  of  hon- 
our and  decency  as  to  perpetrate  such  a  deliberate  robbery.  I  would  not 
go  so  far  as  to  flay  this  wretched  being,  as  would,  perhaps,  have  been  done 
of  old,  but  I  should  rejoice  in  the  opportunity,  according  to  the  figurative 
expression  still  extant  among  our  rural  population,  of  witnessing  the  "  tan- 
ning of  the  rascal's  hide.''  If,  however,  what  I  have  said  should  chance 
to  meet  his  eye,  let  him  know  that  there  is  still  for  him  a  locus  penitentice^ 
and  that  if  he  will  anonymously  restore  what  he  has  filched,  his  baseness 
shall  be  forgotten. 

I  should  mention  that  the  lost  head  is  so  like  that  of  the  Queen  herself, 
that  it  is  not  improbable  that  it  may  have  been  intended  for  her,  though 
she  does  not  appear  in  the  imperfect  list  of  statuettes  given  in  the  old  his- 
tories. The  open-work  of  the  niches  over  the  head  of  the  effigy  itself  has 
been  filled  in  with  blue  glass.  The  magnificence  of  the  entire  work  may  be 
imagined  when  it  is  known  that  it  contained,  uhen  perfect,  more  than 
seventy  statues  and  statuettes,  besides  seveml  brass  figures  on  the  sur- 
rounding railing. 

Somewhat  parallel  to  this,  both  in  material  and  workmanship,  was  the 
monument  of  John  of  Eltham,  brother  to  Edward  III.  I  shall  not  enter 
into  any  description  of  this  work,  however,  further  than  to  advert  to  its 
beautiful  canopy,  which  is  thus  described  by  Keepe : — "  A  canopy  covering 
the  whole  with  delicate  wrought  spires  and  mason's  work,  everywhere 
intermixed  and  adorned  with  little  images  and  angels,  according  to  the 
fashion  of  those  times,  supported  by  eight  pillars  of  white  stone,  of  the 
same  curious  wrought-work." 

This  canopy  is  shewn  in  Dart's  view  of  the  monument,  but  it  was  taken 
down  about  eighty  years  back,  on  the  ground  of  insecurity.  It  has  often 
been  stated  that  portions  of  it  were  preserved  at  Strawberry  Hill,  but  I  have 
never  been  able  to  ascertain  the  truth  of  this.  If  anv  one  should  know  of 
the  existence  of  such  fragments,  I  should  be  truly  obliged  by  their  inform- 
ing me  of  them. 

The  original  stalls  of  the  choir  seem  to  have  been  retained  in  a  more  or 
less  perfect  state  till  late  in  the  last  century.  They  are  shewn  in  the  view 
given  by  Dart ;  and  in  that  given  in  Sandford's  account  of  the  coronation  of 
James  II.  the  canopies  are  shewn  supported  by  single  shafts.  I  observed, 
when  the  new  stall  work  was  being  put  up  in  1848,  that  a  closet  under  the 
organ  was  lined  with  old  boards  which  appeared  to  have  formed  a  part  of 
the  back  of  the  ancient  stalls,  for  I  could  distinguish,  by  the  discoloration 
of  the  wood,  the  form  of  a  trefoiled  arch  supported  by  a  shaft  with  a  band 
at  half  its  height.  At  a  later  period,  on  looking  into  this  closet,  I  was 
glad  to  see  the  boarding  still  there ;  but,  on  looking  into  it  again  while 


40  The  Volunteer  Review.  [July, 

preparing  this  paper,  I  found  that  our  careful  elerk  of  the  works  had 
caused  it  to  be  neatly  painted,  so  that  this  little  memento  is  lost. 

There  remains,  however,  in  Henry  VII.'s  Chapel,  one  of  the  ancient 
Early  English  misereres,  and  a  fragment  of  another  has  been  preserved. 
They  have  both  good  Early  English  foliage. 

There  is  a  great  fund  of  minor  subjects  on  which  a  separate  paper  could 
be  very  advantageously  written,  but  I  must  leave  them  unnoticed  on  the 
present  occasion  ^.  I  have  gone  over  my  ground  as  rapidly  as  I  was  able, 
but  have  more  than  doubled  the  allotted  time,  but  Westminster  Abbey  is  at 
least  worthy  of  an  extra  hour ;  and  I  will  only  add,  that  I  recommend  all 
students  of  Gothic  architecture  residing  in  London  to  devote  to  it  every 
extra  hour  they  have  at  their  command.  London  has  been  pretty  much 
denuded  of  its  medieval  remains,  but  like  the  Sybil's  bookd,  those  which 
remain  are  worth  as  much  almost  as  the  whole ;  and  to  live  in  a  city  which, 
amidst  its  gloomy  wilderness  of  brick  and  compo,  contains  so  glorious  and 
exquisite  a  work  of  original  art  as  this,  is  a  privilege  which  few  other  cities 
could  offer  us.     Let  us  make  use  of  it. 


THE  VOLUNTEER  REVIEW. 

Ik  parliamentary  phrase,  we  are  free  to  confess  that  we  are  more  in  the 
habit  of  contemplating  the  past  than  is  the  fashion  with  some  of  our  con- 
temporaries, but  it  is  with  the  view  of  linking  the  past  with  the  present. 
This  was  our  intention  some  two  years  ago,  when  the  completion  of  the 
great  works  at  Cherbourg  gave  rise  to  apprehensions  in  certain  quarters. 
We  pointed  out  that  the  past  history  of  Cherbourg  was  anything  rather 
than  humiliating  to  England — we  did  not  fear  that  it  would  be  otherwise 
for  the  future — and  we  also  ventured  to  say,  that  if  its  monster  ports  ever 


^  Among  other  things  I  sbould  have  given  a  description  of  the  Coronation  Chair, 
and  of  the  figures  remaining  in  the  panels  of  the  old  sedilia,  commonly  called  the  tomb  of 
King  Scbert.  The  former  is  a  truly  magnificent  piece  of  decoration,  but  sadly  muti- 
lated. The  decorations  are  somewhat  peculiar ;  the  whole  seems  to  have  been  g^t  on  a 
thick  coating  of  gesso,  and  while  still  soft,  the  foliage,  &c,  to  have  been  traced  upon 
the  gold,  and  indicated  merely  by  pricking  the  outline  and  the  intervals  between  the 
leaves.  Of  the  eight  figures  in  the  sedilia  two  only  remain  perfect.  They  appear  to 
have  been  slightly  touched  up,  but  are  mainly  orig^naL  They  represent,  I  believe, 
King  Henry  III.  and  King  Sebert.  The  figure  of  King  Edward  the  Confessor,  on 
the  back,  which  is  given  by  Malcolm  in  his  Londinium  Bedivivum,  can  now  with 
great  difficulty  be  distinguished.  The  painting  in  the  canopy  of  the  tomb  of 
Richard  II.  ought  also  to  have  been  noticed.  The  diapered  ground  is  still  very 
perfect,  but  the  painting  of  the  figpires  has  almost  entirely  perished. 


I860.]  The  Volunteer  Review.  41 

should  launch  an  invading  flotilla  against  our  shores,  we  should  not  regard 
all  as  lost,  for  we  felt  assured  that  England  would  not  be  found  wanting  to 
herself,  "even  in  this  commercial,  peace- at-any- price  nineteenth  century*.*' 

The  noble  spectacle  that  was  presented  in  Hyde  Park  on  the  23rd  of 
June  was  a  proof  that  we  were  justified  in  so  saying.  We  then  beheld, 
with  no  ordinary  gratification,  more  than  20,000  young  and  active  men, 
the  representatives  of  100,000  more,  who,  on  the  merest  intimation  of 
insult  to  their  native  land,  have  nobly  come  forward  with  the  sacrifice  of 
money  and  time,  and  at  much  personal  discomfort  from  unpropitious  wea- 
ther, to  qualify  themselves  to  meet  and  repel  any  danger.  It  added  to  our 
pleasure  to  observe,  that  the  well-appointed  troops,  for  they  were  nothing 
less,  were  collected,  not  alone,  or  mainly,  from  the  metropolis,  but  from 
two-and-twenty  English  counties — from  such  distant  quarters  as  Dorset 
and  Durham — Somerset  and  Yorkshire — Kent  and  Cheshire.  From  old 
associations,  it  appeared  quite  natural  to  see  the  population  of  our  coasts  as 
ready  to  meet  an  invader  as  they  were  centuries  ago,  but  there  was  a  par- 
ticular pleasure  in  the  demonstration  aflbrded  by  strong  bodies  of  armed 
men  from  Birmingham,  and  Manchester  and  Sheffield,  that  no  real  dete- 
rioration of  martial  spirit  has  followed  the  advance  of  manufactures,  and 
that  the  Peace-at-any-price  party  has  as  few  partisans  in  those  busy  hives 
of  industry  as  elsewhere. 

But  though  this  muster  of  Volunteers  from  distant  quarters  was  a  wel- 
come evidence  of  the  universality  of  the  movement  and  the  heartiness  of 
those  engaged  in  it,  it  must  have  been  at  a  sacrifice  to  many  that  need  not 
be  again  required.  Her  most  gracious  Majesty  would,  we  doubt  not,  have 
pleasure  in  affording  to  her  loyal  subjects  in  the  provinces,  as  well  as  in 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  the  opportunity  of  passing  before  her,  each  on  a 
chosen  field  in  their  own  locality. 

With  very  questionable  taste,  some  busy  people  took  upon  themselves  to 
invite  a  number  of  French  musicians,  visitors  to  this  country  on  a  mer- 
cantile speculation,  to  be  present  at  this  great  spectacle.  We  hope  that 
they  truly  understood  it,  not  as  a  menace  to  their  susceptible  nation,  not  as 
a  threat  to  the  Loire  or  the  Seine,  but  as  the  evidence  of  a  firm  resolve 
to  keep  far  distant  every  foe  from  the  Thames  and  the  Trent. 

•  "Cherbourg,  in  connexion  with  English  History."  Gekt.  Mag.,  Sept.  ISSS, 
p.  234  et  seq. 


42  [July, 


Antiquarian  anti  fLitttnv^  Sntelltginrer* 


[^CorreitpondenU  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  offreeahle,  far 
publication,  but  in  order  thai  a  copy  of  the  Qentlehak's  Magazivb  containing 
their  Communications  may  he  forwarded  to  them,'] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

May  24.  The  Earl  Stanhope,  President,  in  the  chain 
The  meeting  for  this  evening  heing  occupied  with  the  election  of  a 
Secretary  in  the  room  of  J.  Y.  Akerman,  Esq.,  no  paper  was  read.  The 
DiBECTOB,  however,  exhibited  a  collection  of  casts  of  ancient  ivories,  the 
formation  of  which  was  mainly  owing  to  the  exertions  of  Alexander 
Nesbitt,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

The  ballot  was  then  opened  for  the  election  of  a  Secretary,  and  Mr. 
C.  Knight  "Watson,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  was  found  to  have  the  unanimous  vote 
of  the  meeting.  Equally  unanimous  was  the  concurrence  shewn  by  the 
meeting  in  the  recommendation  of  the  Council  respecting  the  retiring 
Secretary. 

June  7.     The  Ma^hqitess  of  Bristol,  V.-P.,  in  the  chair. 

The  Society  met  again  to-day,  after  the  Whitsun  recess. 

Mr.  John  Lothrop  Motley  was  elected  an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the  So- 
ciety. Mr.  Motley  is  known  as  author  of  the  "  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Re« 
public." 

The  Chairman  announced  to  the  meeting  that  Augustus  W.  Franks, 
Director,  had  presented  to  the  Society  the  entire  collection  (with  a  few 
exceptions,  to  be  replaced  hereafter)  of  casts  of  ivories,  of  which  mention 
has  been  made  above.  For  this  munificent  gift  the  special  thanks  of  the 
Society  were  then  and  there  unanimously  awarded. 

Notice  was  then  given  that  the  ordinary  meetings  would  be  extended  to 
June  21,  on  which  occasion  the  plate  and  other  objects  of  interest  be- 
longing to  various  City  Companies  would  be  exhibited,  and  a  description 
of  it  given  by  Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  M.P. 

Mr.  R.  Pritchett  presented  and  exhibited  to  the  Society  four  pho- 
tographs of  gunlocks,  a  class  of  objects  which  bring  out  very  soccessfully 
the  resources  of  the  camera. 

George  E.  Street,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Treasurer,  which 
by  him  was  read  to  the  Society,  and  which  called  the  attention  of  all  lovers 
of  antiquity  to  the  threatened  demolition  of  the  Questen-hall,  attached  to 
the  south  side  of  Worcester  Cathedral.  This  hall  is  remarkable  not 
merely  for  its  antiquity,  but  for  the  beauty  of  its  details,  although  the 
general  effect  is  much  impaired  by  its  having  been  partitioned  into  rooms. 


I860.]  Society  of  Antiquaries,  43 

In  order  to  prevent  this  act  of  barbarism  from  being  consummated,  Mr. 
Street  urged  the  Society  to  send  a  strong  protest  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter, 
and  to  consider  whether  it  might  not  be  desirable  to  contribute  a  grant 
from  the  Society's  funds  towards  its  preservation.  The  letter  was  accom- 
panied by  sketches  of  the  hall  in  question. 

A  resolution  was  passed,  instructing  the  Secretary  to  write  a  protest 
as  suggested  by  Mr.  Street,  and  the  propriety  of  contributing  a  grant  was 
reserved  for  future  consideration. 

The  Rev.  T.  Htjgk),  F.8. A.,  exhibited  letters  patent  addressed  by  Ed- 
ward III.  to  Ralph  de  Salopi4,  and  read  some  remarks  on  the  College  of 
Vicars  attached  to  Wells  Cathedral,  to  which  the  letters  referred. 

Mr.  Chables  Spence  exhibited  a  bulla  of  Martin  V. 

The  Mayob  op  Tbntebden  exhibited,  through  the  Director,  two 
maces  belonging  to  the  corporation  of  Tenterden. 

The  DiBECTOB  then  proceeded  to  explain  to  the  meeting  the  range 
and  general  character  of  the  collection  he  had  presented  to  the  Society, 
and  the  classification  he  had  adopted  according  to  periods,  subjects,  and 
countries.  He  enumerated  the  principal  works  in  illustration  of  diptychs 
generally,  and  of  these  diptychs  in  particular,  which  had  been  published 
hovEL  early  times  down  to  our  own  day.  He  also  stated  the  localities  in 
which  the  most  important  and  valuable  of  these  interesting  specimens  of 
art  were  now  to  be  found. 

Mr.  Oldeield,  F.S.A.,  was  then  appealed  to  by  the  Director  to  give 
some  remarks  on  diptychs  generally,  and  on  the  consular  diptychs  in  par- 
ticular. To  this  appeal  Mr.  Oldfield  responded  in  a  manner  not  less  inter- 
esting than  instructive.  He  pointed  out  the  important  part  which  ivory 
played  in  the  history  of  ancient  art  in  all  countries,  Assyrian  as  well  as 
Greek  and  Roman,  and  at  all  periods.  The  suggestions  thrown  out  in 
passing  shewed  how  thoroughly  Mr.  Oldfield  was  master  of  his  subject : 
of  this,  however,  no  doubt  could  be  entertained  by  those  who  are  ac- 
quainted with  his  treatise  on  Ivories  in  the  Arundel  Society's  publications. 
These  remarks  on  ivories  generally  were  followed  by  an  account  of  the 
particular  ivories  to  which  the  speaker  had  been  invited  to  direct  his  atten- 
tion. But  in  the  absence  of  the  casts  themselves,  or  of  illustrations,  it 
would  serve  no  useful  purpose  to  attempt  an  analysis  of  them. 

The  following  are  a  few  short  extracts  from  the  letters  of  the  Recorder 

Fleetwood,  read  by  Mr.  Corner  on  the  29th  of  March  last* : — 

March  12, 1675-6,  Fleetwood  to  Lord  Burleigh : — "The  towne  of  Qatesyde  is  a 
corporate  town,  an  ancient  borough,  the  key  of  the  County  Pallatyne,  the  people 
religious,  godly,  and  good  protestants,  and  besides,  men  of  good  wealth  and  very 
civell  of  behaviour.  The  towne  of  New  Castell  are  all  papistes,  save  Anderson, 
and  yet  he  is  so  knitt  in  such  sorte  with  the  papistes,  that  aiunt  aiit,  neganU 

■  Geitc.  Mao.,  May,  1860,  p.  476. 


44  Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer.  [July, 

negaU  I  understand  that  the  towne  of  Newcastell,  enflamed  with  ambicon  and 
malice,  sycke  in  a  sort  to  join  Gatesjde  to  the  Newcastell/'  which  Fleetwood,  as 
a  Member  of  the  Commons-house,  beseeches  the  Lord  Treasurer  not  to  allow. 

In  a  letter  dated  from  Bacon  House,  on  the  first  Sunday  after  Michaelmas, 
1577,  he  says, — ^*  At  the  last  sessions  (at  Newgate)  were  executed  eighteen.  It 
was  the  quietest  session  that  ever  I  was  at.'* 

Jvly  12,  1578.  A  long  letter  from  the  Recorder  to  the  Vice-Chamberlain 
(Hatton  ?),  as  to  a  plot  which  he  suspected  was  being  hatched  between  the  French 
Ambassador  that  lay  in  Sackville  House,  Anthony  Gwerras,  Sir  Baptista  de  Sem- 
pitoro  (called  the  king's  cousin),  the  Bishop  of  Ross,  certain  Skotsmen,  Sir 
Warham  St.  Leger,  and  Sir  William  Morgan : — "  their  meetings  are  with  their 
confederates  always  in  the  summer  time,  behind  Parris  Garden,  towards  Lambeth 
Marsh  fildes,  and  in  the  winter  in  Gwerras'  house,  in  the  night  ever  without 
candell  light."  One  of  these  conferences  being  disturbed  by  the  watch, ''  Mens', 
the  French  Embasador  caused  three  of  his  men,  who  stood  at  a  lane's  end  with 
naked  swordes  drawn,  to  force  who  came  that  way  to  use  lusty  bragges  ageynst 
the  Queue's  wache. . . .  The  Fr.  Embassador  swore  great  othes,  that  he  wold  do 
many  things,  and  that  he  was  a  privileged  person,  he  used  himself  like  a  moniake, 
but  the  wache  said  unto  him,  that  they  knew  not  his  dignitie  nor  yet  his  auctho- 
ritie,  but  they  told  him  playnly  that  he  shold  not  in  the  night  time  use  any 
conferens  in  that  place  with  any  of  her  Majesty's  subjects,  without  licens  of  her 
Majesty  or  of  her  hignes  counsel."  The  watch  threatened  the  Ambassador  to 
take  him  over  into  the  city  to  the  Recorder  if  he  would  not  go  home,  "and  then 
in  great  rage,  with  many  othes  he  depted." 

In  auother  letter  to  Burleigh  of  the  same  date*.  —  ''I  went  to  S'  Warram 
St.  Leger,  his  howse  is  called  Chandos-place,  sometyme  it  was  the  Abbot  of 
Reding's,  the  lodging  is  very  fair  inwards ;  I  knokked  very  hard,  but  no  man 
wold  spcake."  Finding  he  could  not  get  in,  and  taking  a  sculler  to  look  at  the 
house  from  the  water,  and  seeing  no  light,  he  sculled  over  to  Parris  Garden, 
where  he  found  the  watch  set.  "  The  place  is  so  darke,  being  shadowed  with 
trees,  that  one  man  cannot  see  another  except  they  have  lynceos  octdos,  or  else 
'  catt's  eyes.'.  .  .  It  is  the  same  place  I  found  ten  Scotts,  dependent  on  the  bishop 
of  Roos,  where,  if  I  had  not  had  my  long  sworde,  the  Skotts  with  their  bass 
swordes  had  cut  me  in  peaces  . . .  this  is  the  bower  of  conspiracy,  it  is  the  college 
of  male  counsell.  There  be  certain  virgulta,  or  aightes  of  willoos,  sett  by  the 
Thames  nere  that  place ;  they  grow  now  exceding  thick,  they  are  a  notable 
covert  for  confederates  to  shrowd  in." 

■  Mat/  2,  1582.  Letter  from  the  Recorder  to  Lord  Burleigh : — ^  Truly  my  good 
lord  I  have  not  leasure  to  eat  my  meat,  I  am  so  called  upon.  I  am,  at  the  least, 
the  best  part  of  one  hundred  nights  in  the  year  abroad  in  searches.  I  never  reste, 
and  when  I  serve  her  Majesty,  then  I  am  for  the  most  part  the  worst  spoken  of. 
. . .  My  good  lord,  for  Christ's  sake,  be  such  a  meane  for  me  as  that,  with  credit, 
I  may  be  removed  by  her  Majesty  from  this  intolerable  toyle.  Truly  I  serve  in 
a  thankless  soyle."  He  then  appeals  to  Burleigh  to  help  him  to  obtain  the  office 
of  a  Queen  s  Serjeant,  which,  however,  he  did  not  get  till  ten  years  after  the 
date  of  this  letter. 


I860.]  45 


AKCHITECTURAL  CONGRESS  AT  CAMBRIDGE, 

Mat  28  to  31. 

Thib  important  gathering  has  been  held  under  the  presidency  of 
A.  J.  B.  Bebesfobb-Hope,  Esq.;  W.  M.  Fawcett,  Esq.,  of  Jesus 
College,  (Secretary  of  the  Cambridge  Architectural  Society,)  acted  as 
Secretary.     The  proceedings  of  the  four  days  briefly  were  : — 

lit  dmf,  ViMt  to  Waltham  Abbey,  and  lecture  at  Cambridge  by  Professor  WilKs 
on  the  Architeetimil  History,  of  the  University. 

2in{  dmf,    yiHt  to  Ely  Cathedral,  and  conversazione  in  the  Town  Hall,  Cambridge. 

Srd  da^,  Visit  to  many  of  tbe  churches  and  colleges  of  Cambridge,  and  lecture  on 
the  SngBsh  Cathedral  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

4ith  dmf.  Virit  to  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  and  inspection  of  architeotural  photography 
at  Sidney  College. 

The  Congress  invited  gentlemen  interested  in  the  study  of  architecture 
fcom  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  among  the  visitors  were  the  Rev.  Lord 
Alwyn  Compton,  Rev.  W.  C.  Lukis,  Rev.  C.  J.  Myers,  Rev,  J,  Fuller 
Russell,  Rev.  T.  W.  Barlow,  Rev.  J.  H.  Cooper  (former  Secretary  of  the 
Cambridge  Architectural  Association),  Rev.  A.  Pownall,  the  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon Thorpe  (Bristol),  Rev.  G.  H.  Hodson,  Rev.  H.  L.  Elliot,  Rev. 
Thos.  James  (Hon.  Canon  of  Peterborough),  E.  A.  Freeman,  Esq.  (Oxford), 
E.,  B.  Denison^  Esq.,  Q.C. ;  Mr.  Hart  (mediseval  metal  worker),  Mr. 
J.  H.  Parker  and  Mr.  Bell  (publishers).  The  architects  present  were,  Mr. 
G,  G.  Scott,  Mr.  Street,  Mr.  Slater,  Mr.  Bodley,  Mr.  Burges,  of  London ; 
and  Mr.  Pritohett  of  Bishop  Stortford. 

w  -kr  «o     -^      .««  .-.-nr which  he  had  been  led  into  considerable 

Moin>AT,.MAy  8.    Meeting  at  Walt-  .  ,       •  v  j  •*.  j-  -li  .xi    ^   v 

.  controversy,  he  wished  it  distinctly  to  be 

understood  that  he  had  not  taken  up  the 
.Agreeably  to  the  programme,  parties  subject  of  Waltham  Abbey  with  the  object 
from  Cambridge  and  elsewhere  met  visitors  of  maintaining  any  psuradox  of  his  own  as 
from  London  at  Waltham  at  11  o'clock,  to  its  date.  No. doubt  many  people  would 
The  very  unfavourable  state  of  the  weather  have  read  the  letters  on  both  sides  in  the 
made  the  attendance  but  thin,  notwith-  Gentleman's- Maoazinb,  who  had  not 
standing  which  the  appointed  proceedings-  seen  his  original  paper  in  the  Essex  Trans- 
were  folly  carried  out.  There  were  pre-  actions.  That  paper,  a  review  of  which 
sent,  among  others,  A.  J.  B.  Beresfordr  gave  rise  to  the  controversy,  was  as  much 
Hope,  Esq.,  Rev.  G.  Williams,  Mr.  E.  A.  historical. as  architectural,  and  the  expres- 
Fr^Bman,Bev.T.W.  Barlow,  Mr.  Parker  of  slon  of  his  own  opinion  as  to  the  date 
Oxford,  Mr.  Hart,  &c.  The  architectural  of  the  present  building  was  merely  one 
profession  was  represented  by  Mr.  W.  point  dealt  with  among  several  The  con- 
Burges,  Mr.  Lightly,  Mr.  B.  B.  Rowe,  troversy,  as  such  controversies  can  hardly 
and  Mr.  Pullan.  fail  to  do,  had  brought  forveard  new  facts, 
Mr.  Freeman  gave  a  lecture  upon  the  and  led  to  some  modification  of  his  views, 
abbey,  and  the  recent  restorations  there  Though  he  saw  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
by  Mr.  W.  Burges.  He  said  that,  as  he  the  present  church  was  essentially  the 
was  going  to  speak  of  a  church  about  nave  of  that  built  by  King  Harold,  he 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  g^ 


46 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[July, 


waa  ready  to  admit  that  it  had  undergone, 
at  the  change  of  foundation  under  Henry 
II.,  a  much  larger  amount  of  alteration 
than  he  had  at  first  thought.    The  course 
of  the  last  restoration  had  hrought  much 
to  light  which  had  before  been  invisible, 
and  had  brought  out  other  points  more 
clearly.    Moreover,  he  wished  it  to  be 
distinctly  understood  that  he  never  pro- 
fessed  to  have  proved  that  the  nave  was 
Harold's  work.     All  that  he  had  ever 
maintained  was  that  there  was  a  strong 
presumption    that    way,   a   presumption 
strong  enough  to  carry  our  belief  till  any 
direct  arg^ument  is  brought  to  upset  it, 
but  which   such  direct  argument  might 
upset  at  any  time.    He  certainly  thought 
that  of  the  arg^uments  he  bad  as  yet  seen 
brought,  none  had  that  effect,  but  he 
freely  allowed  that  his  case  was  at  any 
time  liable  to  be  upset  by  fresh  cUsooveries. 
When    Eadmer  distinctly  tells   us  thai? 
Lanfranc  rebuilt  Canterbury  Cathedral  in 
seven  years,  when  Gervase  distinctly  tells 
us  that  the  church  built  by  Lanfranc  con- 
sisted of  a  nave,  choir,  transepts,  and  three 
towers,  there  can  be  no  doubt  about  the 
matter;  no  sophism  can  affect  such  di- 
rect testimony  as  that.    But  at  Waltham 
we  have  no  such  direct  testimony.     The 
local  writers  do  not  say,  "Harold  built 
a  nave  to  his  church,  and  that  nave  is 
now  standing."     That  would  be  direct 
and  unanswerable  proof.     What  the  two 
main  writers  and  one  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury,  another   early  in    the   thirteenth, 
do,  is  this,  their  lang^uage   does  not  di- 
rectly  state,   but  it  seems  to  take  for 
gpranted  that  Harold's  church  was  stand- 
ing when  they  wrote ;  their  language  is 
more  natural  and  intelligible  on  such  a 
supposition,  and  there  is  no  direct  evi- 
dence the  other   way.    The  case  is  the 
same  with  the  general  chroniclers.    The 
building  of  the  church  by   Harold,  the 
change  of  foundation  by  Henry,  are  re- 
corded by  many  of  them;  a  rebuilding 
during  the  Romanesque  period  is  nowhere 
recorded.     This  is  the  state  of  the  case ; 
a  very  strong  presumption  indeed,  but 
nothing  more. 

The  early  history  of  the  church  is  well 
known.    Toni  the  Proud,  who  was  lord  of 


the  place  in  the  time  of  Cnut,  first  built  a 
church  for  the  reception  of  a  miraculous 
cross  said  to  have  been  found  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  g^ve  an  endowment  for  two 
priests.     It  is  evident  that  the  holy  rood 
of  Waltham,  which  g^ve  England  her  war- 
cry  on  the  field  of  Senlac,  became  a  popular 
object  of  worship  and  pilgrimage.    £arl 
Harold  finding  the  church  and  its  minis- 
ters inadequate  for  their  purpose,  rebuilt 
the  church  in  a  manner  whose  magni- 
ficence is  greatly  extolled  by  the  local 
writers,  gave  it  many  rich  gifts  and  orna- 
ments, and  increased  the  i^all  foundation 
of  Toni  to  one  for  a  dain  and  twelve 
canons.    No  one  should  be  misled  by  the 
later  name  of  the  church  and  town,  Walt- 
ham  Abbey.    Harold  founded  no  abbey, 
and  the  notion  that  he  did  so  has  led  to 
utter  misconception  of  the  history.  Harold 
built  a  splendid  church,  richly  endowed  it, 
and  put  it  into  the  hands  of  secular  priests. 
His  was  no  gift  of  a  weak  superstition 
wrung  by  threats  and  importunity  firom  a 
dying  sinner,  it  was  the  willing  offering 
of  a  man  in  the  prime  of  life  and  in  the 
height  of  power.     The  deliberate  prefer- 
ence of  the  secular  to  the  regular  clergy, 
and  that  in  a  time  when  the  reigning 
king  was  himself  almost  a  monk,  and  the 
careful  provision  made  for  schools    and 
teachers,  shew  that  Earl  Harold  was  a 
wise  and  thoughtful  as  well  as  a  bountiful 
founder.  The  whole  history  of  the  founda- 
tion is  something  totally  different  f^om 
that  of  a  monastery.      In  the  case  of 
a  monastery,  the  charter  of  foundation 
which  creates  the  society  is  the  first  step, 
the    erection    of  the  church  and  other 
buildings  follow  gpradually,  and  the  conse- 
cration is  always  later,  and  sometimes  a 
good  many  years  later,  than  the  founda- 
tion.   But  at  Waltham  the  consecration 
came  first  and  the  foundation  after.    The 
church  was  consecrated  May  3,  1060,  a 
day  whose  eight  hundredth  anniversary 
was  a  few  weeks  past  solemnly  celebrated 
by  the  re-opening  of  the  restored  church, 
but  the  foundation  charter  does  not  bear 
date  till  1062.    Doubtless,  Harold  first 
rebuilt  the  church,  which  was  the  most 
pressing  need,  and  then  settled  the  details 
of  his  foundation  and  endowmeDi.    Thii 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


4.7 


foundation  of  Harold's  for  secular  canons 
lasted  till  1177,  when  Henry  II.  changed 
the  college  into  an  abbey  of  reg^ular  canons 
of  the  order  of  St.  Aogostine,  the  then 
dean,  Guy  the  Red,  who  plays  a  part  on 
the  king's  side  in  the  history  of  St.  Thomas 
of  Canterbury,  being  bribed  to  resign  by  a 
gift  of  some  of  the  college  manors  as  his 
private  property.  Between  Harold  and 
Henry,  the  college  suffered  a  good  deal  of 
spoliation  at  the  hands  of  the  first  Norman 
kings,  but  afterwards  found  a  patroness  in 
Queen  Adeliza,  the  widow  of  Henry  I. 
In  Stephen's  time,  in  the  qnarrels  between 
her  husband  William  of  Albini  and  the 
rival  house  of  Mandeville,  the  canons' 
houses  were  burned,  but  the  local  writer 
expressly  adds  that  the  church  was  not 
hurt.  Henry  II.,  according  to  the  local 
history,  added  all  the  necessary  conventual 
buildings,  that  is,  the  refectory,  dormitory, 
cloister,  Ac,  which  were  not  wanted  while 
the  canons  lived  in  their  separate  houses. 
Oervase  also  mentions  that  he  at  first 
ordered  the  church  to  bo  rebuilt,  but  that 
afterwards  he  introduced  the  monks  into 
the  old  church.  The  building,  however, 
shows  that  a  considerable  repair  was  car- 
ried out  at  this  time.  The  Pipe  Rolls  of 
this  reign  contain  several  entries  for  build- 
ing stone  at  Waltham,  some  being  for 
"  works,"  and  others  for  "  repairs,"  that 
is  clearly  the  repairs  of  the  church  and  the 
erection  of  the  conventual  buildings. 

From  these  historical  notices  Mr.  Free- 
man contended  that  there  was  a  strong 
historical  presumption  that  the  existing 
building  was  really  the  nave  of  the  church 
consecrated  in  1060.  The  only  passage 
which  had  been  quoted  the  other  way 
was  a  single,  evidently  corrupt,  and  utterly 
unconstruable  passage  in  the  Liber  de  In- 
venHanef  which  spoke  of  the  "status  fabri- 
candi  ecdesise"  at  some  time  during  the 
twelfth  century.  But  this  was  in  con- 
nexion with  a  "translation"  of  Harold's 
body,  and  therefore,  whatever  the  change 
was,  applied  only  to  the  choir  which  con- 
tained the  tomb.  Some  friends  of  Mr. 
Freeman's,  who  held  with  him  that  the 
nave  was  Harold's,  thought  that  they  im- 
plied a  rebuilding  of  the  choir  on  a  larger 
scale,  like  Conrad's  choir  at  Canterbury. 


This  might  be  so;  but  he  thought  the 
expression  would  be  satisfied  by  some 
much  smaller  change,  and  that,  with  the 
full  local  histories  we  have,  so  g^eat  a 
work  as  rebuilding  the  choir  would  hardly 
be  left  to  be  recorded  in  a  mere  incidental 
allusion.  Still,  however  this  may  bo,  it 
could  prove  nothing  as  to  the  date  of  the 
nave,  which  was  the  point  at  issue  between 
him  and  his  adversary  in  the  Gbktlb- 
MAN'S  Magazikb.  He  then  turned  to 
the  architectural  argument.  It  was  said 
that  the  architecture  was  too  advanced 
to  bo  so  early  as  1060.  He  asked  his 
hearers  to  confine  their  attention  for  a 
while  to  the  pier-arches  only.  He  must 
beg  them  to  carefiiUy  remember  that  the 
present  controversy  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  old  question  about  Anglo-Saxon,  or 
what  he  would  rather  call  Old-English, 
architecture.  Waltham,  whether  built  by 
Harold  or  no,  was  undoubtedly  built  in 
the  Norman,  and  not  in  the  Anglo-Saxon 
variety  of  Romanesque.  He  believed  it  to 
be  a  specimen  of  the  novum  camposUionit 
geiMu  which,  according  to  William  of  Mal- 
mesbury,  was  introduced  by  Eadward  the 
Confessor  in  the  contemporary  church  of 
Westminster.  It  was  argued  that  if  Ead- 
ward and  Harold  built  Norman,  it  must 
have  been  very  rude  and  early  Norman. 
William  of  Malmesbury,  writing  about 
1130,  when  the  Norman  style  was  at  its 
zenith,  clearly  thought  otherwise ;  he  tells 
us  that  Eadward's  church  was  stdll  looked 
upon  as  the  g^eat  model  of  architecture 
when  he  wrote.  We  are  told,  indeed,  to 
look  at  the  remains  of  Eadward's  building 
at  Westminster,  and  to  compare  them 
with  Waltham,  but  it  was  not  fiur  to 
argue  from  the  substructure  of  a  dormi- 
tory to  the  interior  of  a  minster.  More- 
over, Eadward's  work,  though  very  plain, 
can  hardly  be  called  rude,  and  the  only 
window  that  remains,  one  in  the  dormi- 
tory itself,  is  very  much  like  any  other 
Norman  window.  For  his  own  part,  he 
thought  that  the  passage  in  William  of 
Malmesbury  distinctly  showed  that  no 
great  change  in  architecture  took  place 
between  1060  and  1130.  He  thought 
that  mistakes  were  often  made  by  assum- 
ing that  rich  Norman  was  necessarily  later 


48 


Auiiquttrian  and  Literary  IrUeVigencer. 


[July, 


than  pkdn  Norman.  No  such  rale  was 
accepted  in  any  other  style ;  plainer  Early 
English,  Decorated,  or  Perpendicular  work 
was  often  later  than  richer  work  of  the 
same  kind.  Indeed,  he  thought  that  the 
rule  was  specially  inapplicable  to  Norman 
architecture.  It  was  a  peculiarity  of  the 
Romanesque  style  that  it  could  dispense 
*with  all  ornament,  and  could  dispense 
with  it  best  in  the  largest  buildings. 
Hence  he  believed  that  the  amount  of 
ornament  in  a  Norman  church  had  really 
more  to  do  with  the  size  of  the  church 
than  with  its  date.  Waltham  is  a  church 
of  moderate  scale,  its  grand  and  massive 
composition  and  its  great  relative  height 
give  it  an  effect  of  greater  size  than  it 
really  possesses ;  its  nave  is  only  -100  feet 
long.  It  ifi,  therefore,  richer  than  the  g^reat 
cathedrals  and  abbeys,  and  plainer  than 
the  highly  finished  parish  churches  of  the 
style.  The  notion  that  rich  work  must 
be  later  than  plain,  because  the  chisel  was 
unknown  till  late  in  the  twelfth  century. 
Is  a  mere  misconception  of  a  single  passage 
in  Qervase.  That  writer  says  nothing  of 
the  general  use  of  the  axe  and  the  chisel ; 
he  merely  speaks  of  their  use  in  one  par- 
ticular part  of  one  particular  church.  He 
•ays  that  the  capitals  of  the  pillars  in  the 
old  choir  at  Canterbury  were  cut  with  the 
axe ;  those  in  the  new,  very  beautiful  Co- 
rinthianizing  capitals,  as  every  one  knows, 
were  cut  with  the  chisel.  This  is  a  very 
slight  foundation  for  a  general  theory, 
and,  after  all,  the  question  either  way  did 
not  effect  the  Waltham  pier-arches,  which 
could  certainly  have  been  wrought  with 
the  axe. 

The  true  test  of  age,  Mr.  Freeman  argued, 
was  not  richness  or  plainm^s,  but  real  ad- 
vance in  principle.  The  square  section 
was  the  ideal  perfection  of  Romanesque ; 
its  proper  decoration  was  surface  molding 
cut  upon  it :  the  introduction  of  large  rolls, 
and,  still  more,  of  hollows,  departed  from 
the  ideal  purity  of  the  style,  and  when 
done  to  any  g^eat  extent,  was  a  sign 
of  incipient  transition  from  Romanesque 
to  Gothic  Since  the  controversy  about 
Waltham  began,  Mr.  Freeman  had  b^^, 
and  intended  to  go  on,  examining  every 
.  large  Norman  church  he  could,  and  com- 


paring it  with  Waltham.  In  his  present 
journey  he  had  examined  the  cathedral 
and  monastic  chnrelMa  ef  Norwich,  Wy- 
mondham,  Binham,  Peterborough,  and 
Crowland.  These  stretch  over  a  whole 
century,  from  about  1090  to  about  1190; 
some  are  plainer  than  Waltham,  some  are 
richer.  But  in  every  case  the  pier-arches 
are  more  advanced  in  principle  than  those 
at  Waltham.  At  Waltham  the  section  is 
perfectly  square,  the  ornament  which  on 
one  order  of  each  arch  is  a  peculiar  kind 
of  ehevron,  unique  as  fiir  as  Mr.  Freeman 
•knew,  is  all  surface  omaqient  not  affect- 
ing the  section.  Bat  in  all  the  other  five, 
rolls  and  hollows  are  introduced,  more  or 
less  extensively  according  to  the  earlier 
or  later  date  of  the  building.  Had  the 
Waltham  controversy  concerned  the  pier- 
arches  only,  he  suspected  it  would  never 
have  arisen. 

The  speaker  then  pointed  out  the 
parts  of  the  chuFch  which  he  attributed 
to  Henqr  II.'s  repair.  The  chief  were 
four  clerestory  windows  on  the  north  nde^ 
where  the  mouldings  are  much  more  ad- 
vanced, approaching  the  form  of  the  tooth 
moulding,  and  the  arch  between  the  sonth 
aisle  and  south  transept,  which  has  an  ad- 
vanced section  with  rounds  and  hollows, 
but  which  rests  most  anoomfortably  on 
earlier-looking  jambs,  which  seem  to  have 
nothing  to  do  with  it.  The  windows  near 
it  seem  also  of  later  date,  and  Mr.  Free- 
man suggested  that  the  whole  transept 
might  have  been  rebuilt  or  added  by 
Heniy.  He  also  pointed  out  the  north 
doorway  into  the  destroyed  ddster  and 
some  other  smaller  .portions  as  probably 
introduced  at  the  same  repair.  At  some 
distance  to  the  north  of  the  door  is  the 
only  remaining  part  of  Henry's  conven- 
tual buildings,  two  bays  of  a  vaulted 
substructure  which  were  afterwards  visit- 
ed by  the  party*.  Mr.  Freeman  had  not 
hitherto  mentioned  the  triforium  and  the 
remainder  of  the  clerestory.  These  he 
himself  should  have  no  difficolty  in  be- 
lieving to  be  Harold's  work ;  but  they 
had  a  slightly  later  look  than  the  pier- 

•  [This  work  appeared  to  manj  of  the  party  to 
be  later  than  the  time  of  Henry  II.— Ed,  See 
p.  61.] 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


49 


arches.  Without  hollows,  and  with  no- 
thing to  be  called  a  roll,  they  still  ex- 
hibited  a  small  bead  on  the  edge,  which 
to(^  slightly  awQiy  from  the  sternly  square 
section  of  the  arches  below.  He  had  al- 
ready offered,  and  would  now  offer  again, 
to  divide  the  territory  in  dispute.  If  his 
adversary  could  allow  the  pier*arches  to 
be  Harold's,  he  would  not  deny  that  the 
triforium  and  elerestory  might  possibly  be 
a  later  addition.  This  view  might  perhaps 
reconcile  the  argument  on  both  sides ;  it 
might  not  be  quite  ineonsistent  with  the 
language  of  the  Waltham  writers.  The 
pier-arches  are  the  real  essence  of  a 
church ;  if  they  remain,  it  is  not  a  new 
church,  it  is  the  old  church,  with  however 
great  additions  or  changes.  If  Harold's 
pier-arches  remained,  it  was  still  Harold's 
church.  On  the  other  hand,  the  building 
of  the  triforium  and  elerestory  would  far 
more  than  satisfy  the  utmost  that  could 
be  made  out  of  the  passage  about  *'  status 
fabricandi  ecclesise."  This  offer,  however, 
he  made  purely  through  love  of  peace, 
and  in  hope  of  agreement,  not  being  at 
all  constrained  thereto  by  any  strength 
of  argument  the  other  way.  One  thing 
more  remains  to  be  sud  about  the  Roman- 
esque church.  Much  stress  had  been  laid 
on  certain  appearances  on  the  south  side, 
which  were  held  to  shew  that  the  different 
bays  of  the  nave  were  not  built  exactly 
at  one  time,  but  with  certain  breaks  or 
intervals.  If  this  were  so,  it  really  proved 
very  little,  and  nothing  at  all  as  to  the  date 
of  the  building.  But  this  was  the  sort  of 
pmnt  on  which  Mr.  Freeman  said  he  never 
trusted  his  own  unassisted  judgment,  and 
he  believed  Professor  Willis  was  the  only 
amateur  who  could  safely  venture  to  do 
so.  On  these  purely  constructive  points 
he  always  took  the  opinion  of  professional 
architects.  He  had  examined  the  building 
in  company  with  Mr.  Burges,  the  archi- 
tect of  the  restoration,  and  also  with  no 
less  a  person  than  Mr.  Scott  himself,  and 
the  opinion  of  both  of  them  was,  that 
these  appearances  need  not  imply  any  dif- 
ference of  date  between  the  several  bays, 
but  might  easily  have  been  caused  by  the 
settlement  which  had  clearly  taken  place 
on  that  side  of  the  church.    Considering 


all  these  points,  Mr.  Freeman  still  held 
that  the  strong  historical  presumption 
that  the  present  church  was  entirely  Ha- 
rold's building  had  not  been  set  aside  by 
any  of  the  arguments  brought  against  it, 
though,  as  it  was  only -a  presumption,  he 
freely  admitted  that  It  mi^ht  yet  be  set 
aside  by  some  argument  yet  to  be  dis- 
covered. 

Mr.  Freeman  then  said  that  the  re- 
maining history  of  the  church  did  not 
bring  in  any  points  of  controversy.  We 
learn  ttom  Matthew  Paris  that  a  conse- 
cration of  the  church  took  place  in  1242, 
which  implied  a  rebuilding  of  the  choir 
in  the  Early  English  style.  This  we  may 
almost  certainly  conclude  was  connected 
with  some  of  those  disputes  which  con- 
stantly occurred  when  a  church  was  used 
in  common  by  the  monks  and  the  parish. 
The  nave  of  the  minster  at  Waltham  was 
the  parish  church,  and  ^remuns  as  such ; 
it  had  its  own  separate  high  altar  in  the 
present  position,  and  the  wall  behind  with 
its  two  doorways  is  evidently  its  reredos, 
only  carried  up  after  the  destruction  of 
the  choir  so  as  to  entirely  block  up  the 
arch.  Probably  this  arrangement  was 
made  in  1242.  Up  to  that  time  the 
monks'  stalls  would  be  under  the  central 
tower,  and  the  nave  would  be  common 
property. 

The  nave  would  now  be  blocked  off  as 
the  parish  church,  the  two  eastern  bays 
forming  its  separate  choir;  the  monks' 
choir  would  be  removed  into  the  new  and 
large  eastern  limb,  the  strictly  monastic 
church,  and  the  central  tower  bo  left  as  a 
kind  of  barrier  between  them.  There  is 
no  record  of  these  particular  arrangements 
at  Waltham,  but  the  phenomena  (pointing 
to  them)  are  oonunon  to  Waltham  with 
many  other  churches,  and  the  whole  pro- 
cess stands  on  record  in  the  cases  of 
Wymondham  and  Dunster,  which  Mr. 
Freeman  quoted  at  length.  He  then 
continued  more  briefly  with  the  later 
history.  In  the  course  of  the  fourteenth 
century  a  strange  and  barbarous  attempt 
was  made  to  recast  the  whole  design  of 
the  interior,  but  happily  it  was  given  up 
when  it  had  been  carried  out  only  in  a 
very  small  part  of  the  nave.    From  a  com- 


60 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[July, 


position  of  three  stages  it  was  to  be  turned 
into  a  composition  of  two  only.  The  vault 
of  the  aisle  was  destroyed,  the  pier-arches 
were  begun  to  be  cut  away,  and  the  tri- 
forium-arches,  now  to  bo  the  pier-arches, 
to  be  changed  from  round  to  pointed. 
Of  this  horrible  scheme  only  enough  was 
carried  oat  to  enable  us  to  judge  of  its 
miserable  effect.  But  during  the  preva- 
lence of  the  Decorated  style  other  altera- 
tions in  far  better  taste  were  made.  The 
design  of  the  Norman  west  front  included 
two  western  towers,  which  seem  never  to 
have  been  finished ;  the  architects  of  this 
time  finished  the  front  in  a  very  beautiful 
manner,  but  without  towers.  They  also 
added  a  large  and  beautiful  chapel,  now 
sadly  defaced,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
nave.  This  was  the  last  alteration  of  any 
consequence,  as  there  is  no  Perpendicular 
work  remaining,  except  one  or  two  in- 
serted windows.  At  the  Dissolution,  that 
part  of  the  church  which  belonged  to  the 
abbey  was  pulled  down,  but  the  parochial 
portion  of  course  remained  untouched,  and 
it  seems  that  the  central  tower  was  al- 
lowed to  remain  also,  as  it  fell  in  the  reign 
of  Philip  and  Mary,  on  which  the  parish- 
ioners built  a  new  tower  at  the  west  end, 
using  up  many  fragments  of  ancient  de- 
tail of  various  dates,  but  of  course  utterly 
destroying  the  beautiful  Decorated  west 
front.  The  upper  part  of  the  tower  is  of 
still  later  and  poorer  work.  Mr*  Freeman 
then  spoke  in  high  terms  of  the  restora- 
tion lately  carried  out  by  Mr.  Surges. 
The  old  work  (it  was  the  highest  praise 
he  could  g^ve)  had  suffered  no  barm,  while 
the  painted  ceiling  was  exactly  the  sort 
of  covering  which  the  building  wanted. 
He  concluded  by  summing  up  the  chief 
points  of  historic  interest  attached  to  the 
place.  Even  could  it  be  shewn  that  no 
portion  of  Harold's  actual  work  remained, 
Waltham  Church  was  hardly  the  less  in- 
teresting as  indirectly  at  least  the  creation 
of  the  wise  bounty  of  our  last  native  king 
— it  was  still  the  place  whither  he  turned 
aside  to  pray  on  his  march  to  Senlac,  and 
which  there  can  be  little  doubt  was  the 
last  resting-place  of  his  lifeless  body.  Mr. 
Freeman  recapitulated  the  evidence  with 
regard  to  the  burial  of  Harold,  —  the 


strong  contemporary  evidence  that  he  was 
buried  on  the  sea-coast  of  Sussex,  and  the 
evidence,  almost  equaUy  strong,  that  he 
was  buried  at  Waltham.  He  thought 
that  the  two  statements  might  be  recon- 
ciled by  supposing  that  the  body  was  at 
first  buried  on  the  sea-coast,  and  after- 
wards translated  to  Waltham,  most  likely 
about  the  time  of  William's  coronation. 
This  view  he  had  worked  out  in  his  paper 
in  the  Essex  Transactions.  Since  then  he 
had  seen  the  same  view,  not  worked  out, 
but  taken  for  granted  without  reference 
or  authority,  in  the  earlier  work  of  M. 
Emile  de  Bonnechose,  Les  Qitatre  Con- 
quiies  de  I* Angleterre,  From  the  cha- 
racter of  M.  de  Bonnechose's  book  he 
thought  he  was  hardly  capable  of  arguing 
the  point  out  for  himself;  he  could  therefore 
only  suppose  that  some  earlier  scholar,  as 
yet  unknown  to  him,  had  forestalled  him 
in  what  struck  him  as  the  only  satisfactory 
way  of  reconciling  what  seems  at  first 
sight  to  be  two  contradictory  stories, 
resting  on  nearly  equal  authority. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Parker  was  sorry  that  he 
could  not  agree  with  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Freeman.  It  appeared  clear  to  him,  from 
a  comparison  with  other  buildings,  that  the 
whole  of  the  existing  work  is  of  the  twelfth 
century,  and  that  there  is  not  an  interval 
of  fifty  years  between  the  earliest  and  the 
latest  parts  of  the  nave.  He  thought  it 
probable  that  the  pier-arches  were  built 
a  few  years  before  the  superstructure,  as 
appeared  from  a  set*off  in  the  masonry 
immediately  over  them.  He  considered 
also  that  the  eastern  part  was  built  rather 
before  the  western  part,  but  that  the 
whole  is  one  design  carried  out  by  degrees 
as  funds  were  obtained,  and  the  tower- 
arch  forms  part  of  that  design.  There  is 
no  material  difference  between  the  details 
of  the  pier-arches  and  those  of  the  trifo- 
rium  and  clerestory.  He  pointed  out  on 
the  exterior  of  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle 
a  series  of  steps  in  the  rubble  walling, 
rising  gradually  from  the  west  towards  the 
east,  as  if  to  support  the  eastern  part  of 
the  building  for  some  time ;  each  of  these 
steps  has  ashlar  coping  to  it,  and  upon 
these  at  a  subsequent  period  a  wall  fiu»d 
with  ashlar  masonry  has  been  added,  which 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


51 


extends  only  to  the  third  bay  from  the 
west  end.  He  also  pointed  out  a  piece  of 
wall  at  the  east  end,  of  rubble  with  her- 
ring-bone work,  which  appeared  to  have 
belonged  to  an  earlier  church,  having 
Norman  work  built  upon  it  and  partly 
encasing  it. ,  He  recapitulated  the  ex- 
amples of  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  which 
he  considered  as  agreeing  in  general 
character  with  Waltham,  i.  e.  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's, Smithfield,  Christ  Church, 
Hants,  Durham  Cathedral,  the  ruins  of 
Beading  Abbey,  Leominster  Church,  Nor- 
wich Cathedral,  and  he  did  not  think 
there  could  be  more  than  twenty  years' 
difference  between  them  and  Waltham. 
Part  of  the  clerestory  was  of  the  time  of 
Henry  II.,  but  whether  rebuilt  or  only 
then  completed  was  not  clear.  He  men- 
tioned that  the  twisted  columns  described 
in  the  manuscript  De  InvetUione  Cruets 
are  shewn  by  Professor  Willis  to  have 
belonged  to  the  ciborium  only,  and  not  to 
the  building  itsel£  The  negative  evidence 
of  the  ilbmlding  not  being  described  by 
the  chroniclers  appeared  to  him  of  no  im- 
portance, as  the  same  objection  would  ap- 
ply to  hundreds  of  churches  of  the  twelfth 
century;  when  every  church  was  being 
built,  the  historians  ceased  to  consider  it 
as  a  matter  worthy  of  record.  Mr.  Parker 
is  acquainted  with  several  buildings  in 
France  of  about  the  middle  of  the  eleventh 
century,  and  does  not  consider  that  they 
agree  in  character  with  Waltham^. 

Mr.  Burges  said  that  in  his  opinion 

^  [Mr.  Parko'  appears  to  have  omitted  the  usual 
arguments  against  the  Saxon  theory,  probably 
cottsideriiig  them  as  too  trite  to  be  mentioned  to 
such  a  company,  but  for  the  benefit  of  the  general 
reader  we  may  venture  to  call  attention  to  the 
jointing  of  the  masonry,  as  one  important  dis- 
tinction between  the  work  of  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury and  that  of  the  twelfth.  In  the  work  of 
Edward  the  Confessor  at  Westminster  the  joints 
of  mortar  between  the  stones  are  three  times  as 
wide  as  those  at  Waltham,  and  there  is  no  reason 
for  Uie  joints  being  wider  in  the  dormitory  at 
Westminster  than  in  the  nave  at  Waltham,  if 
they  had  been  built  at  the  same  time ;  it  was  the 
custom  of  their  respective  ages.  The  form  of  the 
capitals  is  another  general  guide.  The  capitals 
at  Waltham  are  twice  as  long  as  those  at  West- 
minster, and  they  are  scolloped;  early  capitals 
are  remarkably  short  and  are  not  scolloped.— 
Ed.] 


Mr.  Freeman  had  the  best  of  the  argu- 
ment, for  the  masonry  is  of  so  simple  a 
character  that  every  part  of  it  could  have 
been  done  with  an  axe  and  pick.  He  be- 
lieved, however,  that  the  part  now  forming 
the  chancel,  or,  in  other  words,  the  two 
easternmost  bays  of  the  old  nave,  had  been 
taken  down  and  rebuilt  with  the  old 
stones.  He  also  expressed  an  opinion  that 
both  the  arcade  and  clerestory  had  been 
built  at  the  same  time;  and  he  pointed 
out  the  traces  of  the  cloister  and  the  lately 
discovered  bracket  which  formerly  sup- 
ported the  vaulting.  The  cloister  was 
on  the  north  wall  of  the  nave.    ^ 

Mr.  Hope  summed  up  the  discussion, 
and  thanked  the  previous  speakers  for  the 
trouble  they  had  taken  to  seek  for  an  in- 
telligent explanation  of  this  moot  point. 
The  party  a(\joumed  to  the  vaulted  cham- 
ber in  a  garden,  (date  about  King  John, 
or  possibly  Henry  II.,)  thought  by  some 
to  have  been  the  Infirmary ;  the  exterior 
is  of  rubble,  the  interior  of  squared  ashlar, 
and  the  pointed  bowtell  occurs  in  the 
vault-ribs.  They  also  visited  the  ancient 
Perpendicular  gateway,  abutting  upon  the 
moat,  formerly  approached  by  a  draw- 
bridge; as  also^  in  an  adjoining  field,  a 
mediseval  bridge,  carried  upon  stone  ribs ; 
and  then  left  for  Cambridge,  where,  at 
eight  in  the  evening,  a  meeting  was  held  in 
the  large  Lecture  Boom  of  Trinity  College. 

ETEKnra  MsETnra. 

The  Congress  assembled  for  the  purpose 
of  hearing  an  opening  address  from  the 
President,  and  a  lecture  by  Professor  Wil- 
lis on  "  The  Architectural  History  of  the 
University."  The  large  room  was  filled 
with  a  numerous  audience,  and  among 
them  were  the  Vice-Chancellor,  the  Master 
of  Trinity,  the  Master  of  Sidney,  and 
other  distinguished  personages,  besides 
gentlemen  connected  with  the  town,  and 
a  large  number  of  ladies.  There  were 
suspended  at  one  end  of  the  room  several 
weU-finished  diagrams,  shewing  the  archi- 
tectural history  of  several  of  the  colleges. 
These  were  made  by  Professor  Willis,  and 
most  clearly  did  they  indicate  the  various 
features  associated  with  the  design  and 
builcUng  of  the  colleges. 


62 


JtUitptamian  and  Literary  IrUeUigeneefi 


[July, 


The  Presidtot,  in  his  opening  address, 
commencing  in  the  usual  way,  "Ladies 
and  Gentlemen/'  said  he  was  very  glad  to 
say  ladies  and  gentlemen,  for  it  shewed 
that  that  branch  of  their  academic  studies- 
was  open  to  those  whom  the  members  of 
Trinity  Collf'ge  were  always  proud  to  see 
within  its  walls.  Tliat  night  they  opened 
their  Architectural  Congpress,  and  had  in- 
vited their  friends  from  all  parts  of  the 
country  where  architecture  was  studied 
and  valued  to  meet-  them  in  that  good 
University  of  theirs,  where  so  many  op- 
portunities existed  of  studying  architec- 
ture in  2$L  its  phases,  in  realizing  that 
fabric  of  history  whidi  the  pursuit  of  this 
glorious  study  diewed  to  be  realized  in  ourt 
own  days,  whidi  justified  the  expectations 
of  the  good  and  baffled,  the  hopes  of  the 
wicked.  In  these  times,  with  such  a  vast 
field  of  science,  such  boundless  resources 
of  invention  before  us,  we  might  have  sup- 
posed that  past  scenes  would  have  pos- 
sessed small  interest,  to  us-;  but  a  long 
study  of  what  had  gone  before  had  grown 
up,  not  into  a  superstitious-  idea  of  the 
past,  but  into  a  reasonable  appredation 
of  it ;  and  we  had-  learnt  to  profit  by  the 
teaching  of  the  past ;  we  could  enjoy  and 
appreciate  the  struggles,  difficulties,  and 
pleasures  of  our  predecessors,  and  in  this 
appreciation  oonsiited  that  compensating 
influence  which  prevented  us,  amidst  the 
discoveries  of  this  present  age,  from  dis- 
regarding the  teaching  of  the  past.  He 
happened  to  cast  his  eyes  round  the  room, 
and  he  saw  two  honoured  members  of  this 
University  sitting  side  by  side  —  what 
greater  instances  of  science  and  discovery? 
That  accidental  drcumstance  of  Dr.  Whe- 
well  and  Professor  Willis  sitting  ride  by 
side  was  the  justification  of  their  meeting 
to-night,  and  it  was  the  key  to  what  they 
were  doing.  Architecture  might  be  stu- 
died as  a  cut-and-thrust  pursuit,  that  was 
the  builder's  view ;  it  might  be  studied  by 
the  five  orders ;  or  it  might  be  rooted  out 
as  a  mere  arch»ological  research,  as  we 
should  root  out  the  theories  of  the  Hin- 
doos without  any  intention  of  practiring 
them  ourselves.  But  there  was  a  broader 
view,  if  we  reg^arded  it  as  a  record  of  the 
past  and  an  example  for  the  future.    He 


believed  the  object  of  their  meeting  that 
day  was  to  bring  the  teaching  of  the  past 
to  bear  on  the  practice  of  the  future.  So 
they  called  theirs  an  **  architectoral"  con- 
gress. If  they  called  it  an  archseological 
congress,  they  should  shut  out  the  future ; 
if  they  call  it  a  constructive  congress,  the 
past  would<be  shut  out. 

Pbofessob  Wmjs's  Leottbe. 

Professor  Willis  said  the  subject  of  his 
lecture  was  an  exceedingly  compirehenrive 
one,  and  therefore  he  should  not  be  able 
to  go  into  details ;  all  he  could  hope  to  do 
was  to  give  a  sketch  of  those  historical 
objects  which' could. still  be  seen,  and  not 
those  which  had  departed;,  and,  on  the 
present  occasion,  it  could>  not  be  expected 
that  he  should  particularize  every  olject 
of  interest.  There  were  few  towns  in  this 
or  any.  other,  country  that  presented  so 
many  objects  of  interest  as  did  the  two 
Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge; 
but  as  time  would  only  admit  of  As  shew- 
ing the  general  position  of  the  colleges, 
their  architectural  arrangement^  and  how 
they,  had  changed-  from  time  to  time,  he 
should,  so  to  speak,  give  a  sketch  of  one  or 
two  types  .of  colleges.  Now  the  early 
colleges  were  buildingp  of  a  very  simple 
character :  the  master  was  content  to  have 
but  one  room,  (there  being  no  lodges); 
books  were  few,  and  kept  in  a  chest; 
therefore  no  libraries  wese  wanted.  The 
devotions  were  performed  in  the  parish 
churches,  hence  there  were  no  college 
chapels;  but  refectories  there  always  ap- 
peared to  have  been,  as  it  seemed  when  a 
college  was  founded  the  very  first  thing 
that  was  done  was  the  preparation  for  pro- 
viding a  refectory,  kitchen,  and  buttery, 
simply  because  the  students  could  not  do 
without  food. 

The  Professor  next  described,  by  means 
of  ground-plans,  the  fbrmation  of  some 
of  the  earlier  colleges;  beginning  with 
Corpus,  which  originally  consisted  of  a 
plain  quadrangle,  with  two  stories  of 
chambers,  the  "hall  range,"  transverse 
passage  known  as  the  screens,  dining-hall, 
buttery,  pantry,  &c  This  plan  was  some 
time  ago  recognised  as  similar  to  that  of 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


53 


Haddon  Hall,  and  the  great  zaansions  of 
the  nobility;  and  since  that  period  the 
publication  of  an  admirable  work  on  Do- 
mestic Architecture  by  Mr.  Parker  of 
Oxford,  and  the  latter  part  of  which  was 
written  by  himself,  shewed  ns  that  the 
system  was  universal  up  to  the  time  of 
Henry  YIII.  and  Elizabeth.  One  chamber 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  kitchen  was  always 
larger  and  better  than  the  others;  that 
was  known  as  the  principal  chamber,  and 
above  it  was  one  of  nearly  similar  dimen- 
sions; as  a  general  mle,  the  lower  chamber 
was  the  parlour,  a  kind  of  common  room 
in  which  there  was  a  fire  in  winter  if  the 
college  could  afford  it:  the  room  above 
was  the  master's  chamber,  either  assigned 
to  him  in  the  statutes  or  selected  by  him 
as  the  best.  The  two  stories  of  chambers 
still  remain,  and  are  the  oldest  and  most 
complete  in  the  University ;  for  when  the 
college  was  enlarged  in  1823,  and  that 
magnificent  court  which  now  formed  such 
an  ornament  to  the  University  was  erected, 
the  college  authorities  shewed  their  good 
taste  and  veneration  for  antiquity  by 
leaving  the  ancient  quadrangle  untouched. 

In  old  times  the  students  of  the  colleges 
went  to  the  parish  church  to  perform  their 
devotions ;  and  it  was  a  curious  fact  that 
when  the  founder  endowed  a  college,  he 
always  endeavoured  to  obtain  the  advow- 
son  and  patronage  of  the  parish  church  in 
which  it  was  situated;  so  when  he  en- 
dowed the  college  he  had  the  control  of 
the  church  also.  Thus  Peterhouse  was 
founded  by  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  and  he 
gave  them  St.  Peter's  Church  to  perform 
their  devotions  in,  and  a  bridge  and  gallery 
were  built  communicating  therewith,  so 
that  they  might  go  to  church  dry-shod. 
In  the  same  way  Corpus  communicated 
with  the  churchyard  of  Bene't ;  Gonville 
Hall  was  founded  about  the  same  time 
contiguous  to  the  churchyard  of  St. 
Botolph,  and  had  the  advow  son  of  that 
church,  which  was  afterwards  sold  to 
Corpus.  Trinity  Hall  aud  Clare  Hall 
shared  possession  of  the  ancient  church 
of  St.  John,  where  the  students  performed 
their  devotions  until  St.  Edward's  was 
erected,  when  they  had  two  large  chapels 
built,  Clare  on  the  south.  Trinity  Hall  on 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


the  north.  The  founder  of  Michael  House 
bought  the  advowson  of  St.  Michael's 
Church,  and  that  also  was  used  as  the 
college  chapel,  until  the  merging  of  that 
college  into  that  of  King's  Hall,  which 
was  the  precursor  of  the  great  college  of 
Trinity,  and  the  authorities  of  the  last- 
named  foundation  obtained  a  grant  of 
St.  Mary's  Church,  wherein  their  scholars 
might  perform  their  religious  exercises. 
In  those  days  such  exercises  consisted  not 
merely  in  hearing  mass,  but  in  private 
prayer  also.  In  the  fifteenth  century 
the  college  of  Corpus  erected  a  little 
chapel  for  the  private  devotions  of  its 
students,  still  using  the  parish  church 
for  public  service.  With  respect  to  the 
church  of  St.  Michael,  it  was  an  object  of 
great  interest.  The  church  itself  was  built 
by  Harvey  de  Stanton,  expressly  for  a 
college  chapel ;  the  church  was  peculiarly 
constituted,  not  having  a  college  of  canons 
attached  to  it,  but  a  college  of  students  to 
act  as  precentors.  The  founder  was  buried 
amongst  his  scholars  in  the  church,  as  was 
usually  the  case.  There  was  one  remark- 
able feature  in  St.  Michael's  Church, — the 
choir  projected  into  the  nave.  This  church 
was  an  example  of  the  Flowing  Decorated 
style,  the  tracery  of  which  was  very  little 
altered :  it  was  restored  some  little  time 
ago,  but  so  well  that  it  might  be  said  to 
have  remained  in  its  original  state. 

The  college  of  Queens'  was  perhaps  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  collies  in  the 
University  in  respect  to  the  subject  on 
which  he  was  now  addressing  them.  This 
was  a  very  fine  example  of  collegiate 
architecture.  Queens'  College  was  erected 
by  Andrew  Dockett,  a  priest,  who  was  the 
real  founder,  though  he  had  the  art  to 
get  the  Queen  to  take  it  under  her  patron- 
age :  it  was  erected  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Queen  of  Henry  VI.,  at  the  time 
that  the  erection  of  the  great  college  of 
King's  was  going  on.  It  possessed  noble 
gateways  with  towers  at  the  angles,  just 
as  they  might  see  in  the  original  plan  of 
King's.  On  the  whole,  its  ancient  aspect 
had  been  preserved  exceedingly  well;  and 
the  structure  was  a  remarkable  illustra- 
tion of  the  principle  that  he  had  before 
stated,  viz.  that  the  colleges  were  erected 


i  Si  I:  -       I 

1 1 1  liP^!!illiliiSii!il 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


55 


on  the  plan  of  the  great  mansions  of  the 
period.  He  was  not  aware  how  complete 
the  analogy  was  between  this  college  and 
Haddon  Hall  until  he  had  compared  the 
two  plans,  which  were  so  truly  similar 
that  he  was  almost  afraid  they  would 
charge  him  with  cooking  them.  They 
were  similar  in  all  particulars — kitchen, 
promptuarium,  buttery,  principal  chamber, 
&c,  were  all  alike,  except  in  the  orienta- 
tion of  the  chapel,  whidi  in  Haddon  Hall 
was  west  instead  of  east.  In  the  college, 
the  master  was  originally  content  with 
his  only  room ;  or  if  not  content,  be  bad 
no  other.  But  as  time  wore  on,  and  there 
was  a  prospect  of  the  masters  getting 
married,  the  one  room  was  extended  to 
others,  for  when  people  are  married  fami- 
lies increase,  and  more  room  is  requisite. 
This  increased  accommodation  was  evi- 
denced in  the  case  of  King's  lodge — a 
magnificent  building,  suited  for  the  ex- 
ercise of  hospitality — the  family  notion 
came  after.  After  the  Reformation,  masters 
began  to  marry  with  extraordinary  haste, 
and  hence  the  college  lodges  began  to 
spread  right  and  left. 

The  Professor  then  spoke  of  the  long 
galleries  that  were  erected  (for  meditation, 
&c.)  according  to  the  ideas  recorded  in 
Pliny  and  Vitruvius.  Wben  we  wished 
to  study  a  building  with  a  view  to  its 
architectural  history,  we  ought  not  to  look 
for  any  absolute  beauty  so  much  as  to 
a  principle,  which  must  ever  subsist,  he 
trusted,  and  that  was  the  principle  of  his- 
torical association ;  and  therefore  he  liked 
to  see  the  odd  forms  which  pleased  our 
ancestors,  as  our  posterity  would  doubtless 
be  edified  to  see  the  oddities  which  pleased 
us  now.  As  an  instance  of  succession  of 
changes,  none  was  more  curious  than  Clare 
Hall,  a  college  that  appeared  perhaps  to 
present  few  features  of  interest  to  the  pre- 
sent generation,  but  he  found  it  to  possess 
quite  as  much  interest  as  any  specimen  of 
mediaeval  architecture.  It  was  begun  by 
Charles  I.  and  finished  by  Charles  II.  It 
had  a  homogeneous  appearance,  and  was 
more  like  a  palace  than  a  college,  and  he 
considered  it  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
building^,  from  its  situation  and  general 
outline,  that  he  could  point  out  in  the 


University.     He  detailed  the  successive 
history  of  different  parts  of  the  college. 
It  was  begun  in  1638;  the  old  college, 
consisting  of  one  small  quadrangle,  was 
situated  in  a  long  street  called  Milne- 
street,  which  ran  in  one  continuous  line 
from  Trinity  College,  and  had  in  it  Trinity 
Hall,  Clare  Hall,  and  Gonville  Hall;  but 
Henry  VIII.  cut  it  in  two,  and  built  King's 
upon  it.     The  angle  of  the  old  building 
stood  so  close  to  King's  chapel  that  there 
was  only  just  room  to  pass  between  the 
two.     Clare  Hall  he  described  as  a  good 
Renaissance  building,  drawing  attention  to 
its  fine  front  next  the  river,  with  its  splen- 
did Ionic  fa9ade.   In  this  front  they  could 
find  three  successive  styles  of  windows: 
in  1669  the  window  was  cruciform;   in 
1704  the  sash  was  adopted ;  and  in  1815 
the  jamb  was  brought  level  with  the  sill. 
The  bridge  in  this  college  was  made  after 
the  plan  of  one  Grumball,  who  received 
5s.  6d.  for  bis  trouble.    The  Grumballs 
were  a  family  who  came  from  Raunds  in 
Northamptonshire,   and  their  name  fre- 
quently occurred  in  the  architectural  his- 
tory of  the  University.     He  had  found 
more  difficulty  in  ascertaining  the  repairs 
and  alterations  that  had  been  executed  in 
the  present  century  than  in  many  of  the 
older  cases;   this  arose,  perhaps,   either 
from  the  modesty  of  those  who  did  not 
wish  the  public  to  know  the  sacrifices 
they  had  made,  or  from  carelessness ;  but 
he  strongly  recommended  the  practice  of 
keeping  annals. 

The  lecturer  next  spoke  of  St.  John's, 
adverting  briefly  to  the  original  plans  for 
the  central  court,  and  calling  attention  to 
the  fac-simile  of  the  name  of  Alfred  Symons, 
the  architect,  signed  on  all  the  plans,  in 
quaint  irregular  characters.  He  then  di- 
rected the  notice  of  his  audience  to  the 
great  court  of  Trinity  College,  which  was 
erected  by  Dr.  Neville,  the  Master,  who 
also  built  the  hall,  and  no  doubt  the 
fountain,  and  other  portions  of  that  noble 
foundation.  A  great  debt  of  gratitude 
was  due  to  Dr.  Neville;  when  he  came 
into  the  mastership  the  buildings  were  in 
great  confusion.  Many  additions  had  been 
begun  on  the  old  foundation  of  King's 
Hall,  and  left  unfinished  and  confused. 


56 


Antiqtutrian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[July, 


Dr.  Neville,  with  great  spirit,  and  skill 
for  business,  organized  a  system  by  which 
funds  were  obtained,  and  adopted  a  bold 
plan  by  which  all  the  buildings  of  King's 
Hall  were  swept  away :  he  built  three 
regular  sides  to  the  court,  the  great  hall, 
kitchen,  chambers  and  the  lodge,  the 
windows  of  which  had  been  restored  in 
their  original  style  by  Dr.  Whewell,  the 
present  Master :  Dr.  Neville  built  Neville's 
court,  and  obtained  possession  of  the  ground 
behind  the  college  and  began  to  lay  out 
the  walks.  So  he  was  anxious  to  have  the 
opportunity  of  telling  the  College  how 
greatly  they  were  indebted  to  the  skill, 
liberality,  and  spirit  of  that  one  man, 
afterwards  Dean  of  Canterbury,  and  who 
lived  long  enough  to  receive  King  James 
when  he  paid  his  first  visit  to  Cambridge, 
and  to  shew  him  the  improvements  he  had 
carried  out. 

He  had  explained  to  them  the  type 
of  an  early  college,  containing  all  the  ele- 
ments ;  the  type  of  a  Renaissance  college ; 
and  now  he  should  speak  to  them  of  one 
of  a  different  character — a  transformed 
monastery.  Just  before  the  Reformation 
men  began  to  construct  colleges  by  taking 
decayed  monasteries  and  converting  them 
into  colleges.  That  was  done  at  Cambridge 
in  the  case  of  Jesus  College,  which  was 
a  decayed  nunnery,  in  which  at  last  there 
were  only  two  nuns  left ;  but  its  character 
was  so  bad,  and  so  was  that  of  the  nuns, 
that  the  nunnery  was  transformed  into 
a  college.  St.  John's  College  was  a  trans- 
formed hospital ;  as  were  Christ's  (God's 
House)  and  Magdalene.  Referring  to  a 
plan  of  Jesus  College,  the  hall,  he  thought, 
was  on  the  foundation  of  the  nuns'  refec- 
tory. The  foundations  were  of  a  different 
work  to  the  superstructure.  We  had  here 
the  remains  of  a  magnificent  conventual 
church,  which  was  the  parish  church  of 
St.  Rhadegunda,  the  choir  being  separated 
A^)m  the  nave  by  screens,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  nuns.  Bishop  Alcock  re- 
stored the  chapel,  which  had  lately  been 
ag^n  restored  by  the  College  with  gp:«at 
zeal  and  disregard  to  expense ;  the  walls 
had  been  scraped,  many  specimens  of 
tracery  had  been  discovered,  and  many 
columns  disentombed ;  and  he  could  assert 


that  it  was  the  true  restoration  of  that 
conventual  church. 

After  alluding  to  some  other  architec- 
tural peculiarities  in  the  various  colleges. 
Professor  Willis  again  expressed  his  sense 
of  the  kindness  he  had  experienced  at  the 
hands  of  those  who  had  been  instrumental 
in  ai^g  his  investigations.  He  felt  the 
only  return  he  could  make  for  their  hos- 
pitality was  to  publish  the  result  of  his 
researches ;  and  he  purposed  bringing  out 
a  book  on  the  subject  very  shortly.  He 
had  hoped  to  have  done  so  before  this, 
but  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  defer- 
ring it.  The  work  was  now  in  the  printer's 
hands,  however,  and  he  hoped  ere  long  to 
throw  it  on  their  mercy. 

In  acknowledging  the  vote  of  thanks 
(proposed  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Cooper,  Town 
Clerk,  and  seconded  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Whewell,)  he  remarked  that  he  could  not 
help  saying  a  word  as  to  the  modem 
fashion  of  changing  the  names  of  founda- 
tions. When  a  college  was  first  instituted, 
the  collegium  was  the  name  by  which  the 
society  inhabiting  the  domtis  or  house 
was  designated.  In  the  statutes  of 
Trinity  Hall  he  found  it  recorded  that  the 
college  should  be  called  the  Communion 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  they  were  to 
inhabit  the  Hall  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  He 
considered  that  the  older  foundations 
ought  to  be  proud  to  retain  their  old 
names.  It  was  not  for  him  to  say  so,  but 
he  made  the  remark  as  taking  the  place 
of  the  historian  of  the  University  for  the 
moment.  He  always  felt  a  degree  of  re- 
gret whenever  he  saw  the  words  "  Clare 
College^*  written. 

TussDAY,  May  29.    Visit  to  Ely 
Cathrdbal. 

The  Eastern  Counties  Railway  conveyed 
a  large  party  to  Ely,  and  shortly  after 
the  excursionists  were  joined  by  Dr.  Good- 
win, the  Dean,  Mr.  G.  G.  Scott,  Arch- 
deacon Thorpe,  &o.,  &c  The  company 
then  assembled  under  the  octagon  to^er, 
taking  possession  of  the  seats  that  had 
been  provided  for  the  choral  festival, 
and 

Mr.  Scott  proceeded  to  give  an  outline 
of  the  history  of  the  cathedraL    It  coca- 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


57 


pied  the  site  of  a  monastery  founded  about 
the  year  670,  by  St.  Etheldreda,  daughter 
of  the  King  of  East  Anglia,  and  wife  of 
the  King  of  Northumbria,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  which  she  was  succeeded  by  seve- 
ral of  her  own  family,  four  of  whom  were 
canonized,  and  became  the  great  saints  of 
this  district.  All  were  buried  here.  We 
know  nothing  of  the  building  she  erected, 
but  it  was  probably  of  the  most  homely 
description.  It  seemed  to  have  existed 
about  two  centuries,  and  was  destroyed 
about  the  middle  of  the  mnth  century 
by  the  Danes,  after  which  (about  960) 
the  church  was  founded,  of  which  we 
know  nothing  whatever.  The  foundation 
was  then  changed  from  a  nunnery  to  a 
monastery  of  Benedictine  monks.  Shortly 
after  the  Conquest  the  monastery  was  very 
much  increased,  and  was  now  inhabited 
by  seventy  monks.  But  in  the  meantime, 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  Saxon  time, 
its  possessions  had  increased  considerably, 
and  the  monastery  was  very  rich.  Many 
there  had  doubtless  read  an  interesting 
little  work  by  Harriet  Martineau,  called 
the  "  Camp  of  Refuge."  It  was  a  mere 
novel,  but  it  was  founded  on  historical 
fiicts,  and  contained  more  history  than 
novels  generally  do.  It  gave  an  excellent 
account  of  the  history  of  Ely  just  after 
the  Conquest.  This  part  of  the  isle  was 
an  inaccessible  point  to  the  Normans,  and 
held  out  for  several  years,  resisting  the 
attacks  of  the  great  generals,  and  even  of 
William  himself.  But  at  length  the  camp 
was  taken ;  and  soon  after  that  a  Norman 
abbot  named  Simeon  was  put  into  the 
monastery.  He,  unlike  the  majority  of 
Norman  abbots,  was  a  quiet  and  studious 
man,  and  with  his  time  the  architectural 
history  of  the  cathedral  commenced.  We 
did  not  know  exactly  how  much  he  built, 
but  we  know  that  he  laid  the  foundations 
of  the  earlier  part  of  the  church,  part  of 
the  nave,  and  central  tower.  He  died 
about  1093,  at  the  age  of  100  years,  so 
that  he  must  have  been  able  to  remember 
architecture  of  a  very  early  date.  If  any 
part  was  standing  of  Simeon's  work  it  was 
the  lower  arches  of  the  transept  on  either 
aide,  which  belonged  either  to  him  or 
his  immediate  successor.  Abbot  Richard. 


These  lower  arches  bore  strong  symptoms 
of  an  early  character;  and  the  incipient 
volute  was  a  feature  in  contemporary 
buildings  at  Caen.  One  of  these  abbots 
commenced  the  choir,  of  which  the  central 
shaft  that  communicated  with  the  apse 
was  all  that  remained;  the  apse  was  lately 
exposed,  and  it  was  found  to  be  exactly 
like  that  of  Peterborough. 

The  next  step  in  the  history  of  Ely  was 
after  it  became  a  bishopric.  The  suc- 
cessor of  Abbot  Richard  used  his  influence 
with  the  Pope  and  the  King,  and  in  1109 
Ely  was  converted  into  a  see.  He  and  his 
successor  together  held  the  see  for  nearly 
seventy  years,  and  they  or  one  of  them 
must  have  built  the  whole  of  the  nave 
and  commenced  the  western  transept. 
Those  two  abbots  carried  us  on  to  1174 : 
the  next  abbot  probably  did  very  little 
towards  the  building  of  the  cathedral,  for 
he  was  so  poor  that  he  stripped  the  silver 
ornaments  from  Etheldreda's  shrine.  Next 
came  Bishop  Riddle,  an  active  builder: 
he  entirely  completed  the  western  tran- 
sept, and  commenced  the  western  tower : 
he  was  also  a  great  decorator,  and  painted 
a  portion  of  the  walls.  After  Riddle,  in 
1191,  Eustatius  built  the  western  galilee, 
which  to  all  appearance  was  more  ad- 
vanced than  that  of  Notre  Dame,  though 
erected  ten  years  earlier.  After  Eustatius 
came  Bishop  Northwold,  who  undertook 
the  work  of  lengthening  the  eastern  arm 
of  the  church  to  make  it  capable  of  hold- 
ing more  shrines,  one  of  which  was  erected 
in  honour  of  St.  Alban.  It  might  be 
deemed  curious  that  there  should  be  a 
shrine  to  St.  Alban  here ;  but  the  fact 
was,  there  were  two  rival  shrines.  The 
body  of  the  saint  was  sent  to  Ely  during 
an  incursion  of  the  Danes ;  and  afler  the 
Danes  were  gone  the  body  was  to  have 
been  sent  back,  but  the  monks  of  Ely 
persuaded  their  rivals  that  they  had  sent 
back  the  wrong  body,  and  kept  the  right ; 
so  it  happened  that  there  were  two  shrines 
to  St.  Alban.  This  Bishop  Northwold 
erected  six  beautiful  arches  in  the  choir, 
and  from  his  time  no  notable  occurrence 
took  place  till  the  commencement  of  the 
Lady-chapel  in  1321.  The  then  bishop 
commenced  building  a  magnificent  liady- 


58 


Atttiguarian  and  TAterary  Intelligencer. 


[July, 


chapel,  his  architecfc  being  the  sacristan 
of  the  cathedral,  the  celebrated  Alan  de 
Walsingham.  In  the  very  next  year  the 
central  tower  fell  down,  completely  ruin- 
ing  the  whole  Norman  choir  and  the 
work  which  North  wold  had  left.  Alan 
de  Walsingham  was  ordered,  therefore, 
to  desist  from  building  the  chapel  and 
to  rebuild  the  tower,  and  the  result  was 
that  magnificent  octagon  under  which 
they  were  now  standing,  a  feature  quite 
unique  'among  English  cathedrals,  though 
having  its  parallel  in  other  countries. 
That  took  him  nearly  twenty  years,  for 
it  was  in  1342  that  he  finished  the  tower ; 
and,  curiously  enough,  the  stone-work  only 
took  six  years,  while  the  wood-work  oc- 
cupied fourteen.  Above  the  octagon,  it 
appeared,  there  was  a  belfry,  and  it  con- 
tained a  set  of  bells.  The  Dean  had  re- 
cently discovered  that  one  of  them  weighed 
7,000  pounds.  When  the  sacristan  had 
finished  the  octagon,  he  went  on  and  com- 
pleted the  Lady-chapel.  He  seemed  to 
have  been  really  a  man  of  great  talent ; 
if  there  were  faults  in  the  result  of  his 
labours,  he  was  not  to  blame,  but  they 
were  the  faults  of  the  period :  his  works 
were  beautiful,  and  in  structural  skill  and 
boldness  of  conception  seemed  to  be  supe- 
rior to  any  specimens  of  the  period.  The 
choir  of  Northwold  had  a  beautiful  tri- 
forium  story,  which  was  followed  up  by 
Alan  de  Walsingham,  though  in  the  Mid- 
dle Pointed  period.  Mr,  Scott  then  closed 
his  lecture  by  pointing  out  the  successions 
of  style  visible  from  where  he  was  standing. 

Professor  Willis  said  that  in  Mr.  S.'s 
very  comprehensive  history  of  the  cathe- 
dral there  had  been  one  omission,  and  that 
was  a  great  one.  If  they  looked  from  the 
point  where  he  stood  into  the  choir,  all 
they  would  see — the  whole  arrangement 
of  the  choir,  screen,  carving,  and  every- 
thing— was  done  by  the  gentleman  who 
had  just  been  addressing  them. 

Mr.  Scott  then  proceeded  to  lead  the 
visitors  through  the  cathedral,  stopping 
to  descant  upon  every  point  worthy  of  in- 
terest. He  pointed  out  the  fact  that  all 
the  side  stalls,  with  their  canopies,  were 
the  same  as  in  Alan  de  Walsingham*8 
time:    daring  the  whole  history  of  the 


church  it  had  been  the  custom  for  the 
bishop  to  occupy  the  great  stall  to  the 
south,  while  the  dean  occupied  the  north 
stall.  This  arrangement  had  subsisted 
since  the  days  of  the  monastery,  when  the 
abbot  and  the  prior  occupied  the  same 
relative  positions. 

In  the  progress  round  the  cathedral 
the  Dean  called  attention  to  the  colouring 
of  part  of  the  ceiling  of  the  south  aisle. 
A  copy  of  that  had  been  taken  by  Mr. 
Le  Strange,  and  at  the  request  of  the  late 
Dean  he  had  endeavoured  to  apply  it  to 
other  parts  of  the  roof.  He  had  com- 
menced with  the  tower,  and  the  colouring 
of  the  roof  there  was  perhaps  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  that  style  of  art  in  ex- 
istence. His  success  had  been  so  great 
that  the  nave  was  now  undergoing  the 
same  process. 

The  visitors  then  visited  the  space  to 
the  right  of  the  west  door,  which,  through 
Professor  Willis,  has  been  restored  to  a 
state  of  great  beauty,  having  formerly 
been  used  as  a  lumber-room. 

The  Lady-chapel,  built  by  Alan  de  Wal- 
singham, was  subsequently  entered,  and 
described  by  Mr.  Scott;  and  Professor 
Willis  announced  the  discovery  that  the 
mutilated  stone -work  surrounding  the 
building  represents  the  legend  of  the  Vir- 
gin, which  might  be  restored  if  intrusted 
to  good  hands. 

After  a  pause  for  luncheon.  Professor 
Willis  conducted  the  party  round  the  mo- 
nastic buildings  of  the  dty.  He  said  they 
were  aware  that  one  of  the  principal  fea- 
tures of  a  monastery  was  the  cloister,  and 
it  was  one  which  had  little  or  no  existence 
here,  though  he  could  shew  them  its  area, 
as  well  as  where  the  refectory  and  the 
other  buildings  of  the  regular  monastery 
stood.  There  was  also  generally  attached 
to  every  monastery  an  infirmary  for  the 
sick  and  infirm  monks,  and  he  should 
shew  them  the  remains  of  such  a  build- 
ing at  Ely. 

Passing  through  the  cathedral,  the  com- 
pany came  out  into  the  Dean's  garden  on 
the  south,  and  Professor  Willis  proceeded 
to  point  out  to  them  the  area  of  the  clois- 
ter on  the  south  walls,  the  tracery  of 
which  is  walled  up;    the  south  door,  a 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


59 


good  specimen  of  enriched  Norman;  the 
dormitory,  refectory,  &c.  The  large  build- 
ing occupied  as  the  deanery,  he  said,  must 
have  been  a  kind  of  guest-hall,  for  he 
could  find  no  other  use  for  it :  he  pointed 
out  corbels  on  the  wall  from  which  the 
vaults  sprang  which  supported  the  refec- 
tory, also  the  corbels  on  the  south  gable 
of  the  cathedral,  which  shewed  the  con- 
tinuation of  a  wall  by  means  of  which 
the  dormitories  were  connected  with  the 
cathedral. 

The  company  next  advanced  to  the  In- 
firmary, or  rather  to  the  space  between 
the  two  walls  of  it  occupied  as  a  yard  by 
one  of  the  canons.  Professor  Willis,  hav- 
ing pointed  out  the  open  arches  and  cl^-re- 
story,  discussed  the  idea  formerly  preva- 
lent that  the  remuns  of  such  buildings, 
which  were  common  in  towns  where 
monastic  ruins  existed,  were  those  of 
churches.  This  had  been  proved  to  be 
erroneous  by  a  document  in  Trinity  Col- 
lege Ubrary,  minutely  describing  the  plan 
of  the  infirmary  at  Canterbury,  and  hav- 
ing examined  the  ruins  there  he  could 
prove  that  the  illustration  was  reciprocal. 
The  infirmary  before  them  was  supposed 
by  the  antiquaries  of  Essex  and  Bentham 
to  be  the  chapel  of  St.  Etheldreda;  but 
we  now  understood  architecture  better, 
and  knew  it  to  be  the  infirmary. 

The  company  then  inspected  the  in- 
terior (by  permission)  of  one  of  the  canons' 
residences,  and  also  viewed  the  vault  of 
the  chancel  of  the  chapel  attached  to  the 
infirmary.  After  the  inspection  of  the  ex- 
terior of  the  cathedral,  during  which  IVo- 
fessor  Willis  pointed  out  and  assigned  rea- 
sons for  the  difiVrence  of  the  pinnacles  and 
buttresses  at  the  east  end  of  the  build- 
ing, an  adjournment  took  place  to  the 
"Prior's  Chapel,"  now  used  as  the  chapel  of 
the  King's  School.  This  was  the  private 
chapel  of  Prior  Crawdon :  the  Professor 
pointed  to  the  restorations  that  had  taken 
place,  and  found  that  they  were  good 
ones,  the  actual  mason's  lines  having  been 
taken  in  some  instances.  In  one  or  two 
cases  where  the  work  was  destroyed,  the 
spaces  had  been  filled  up  with  plain  block, 
purposely  to  shew  where  the  masonry 
had  been  knocked  away.     Under  foot  the 


tessellated  or  mosaic  pavement  was  an 
object  of  attention. 

After  wandering  over  the  cathedral 
close  for  upwards  of  two  hours,  finding 
objects  of  beauty  and  antiquity  every- 
where, the  company  followed  Professor 
Willis  to  the  western  gate  of  the  cathe- 
dral grounds,  and  the  inspection  termi- 
nated, with  votes  of  thanks  to  the 
lecturers. 

Conversazione  at  the  Town  Hall. 

This  was  well  attended,  many  ladies 
being  present ;  the  President  of  the  Con- 
gress presided.  E.  A.  Freeman,  Esq.,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  James,  Hon.  Canon  of  Peter- 
borough, W.  Burges,  Esq.,  H.  L.  Styleman 
le  Strange,  Esq.,  the  Mayor,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Phelps,  the  Rev.  Lord  A.  Compton,  the 
Revs.  G.  Williams,  Archdeacon  Thorpe, 
W.  J.  Beaumont,  J.  Q.  Howes,  J.  Glover, 
&c,  &c.,  were  among  the  company.  In 
the  body  of  the  hall  there  were  several 
models  of  neighbouring  buildings  and 
other  objects  of  interest. 

After  some  opening  remarks  from  the 
President,  an  interesting  discussion  took 
place  on  the  Improvement  of  Labourers' 
Cottages,  in  which  it  was  generally  agreed 
that  there  was  great  room  for  improve- 
ment, but  that  this  was  only  to  be  hoped 
for  from  the  wealthy  making  a  sacrifice. 
Archdeacon  Thorpe  especially  insisted  on 
this,  and  remarked  that  it  was  all  very 
well  to  say  that  cottages  ought  to  be  built 
of  such  and  such  a  material,  and  such  a 
style,  but  how  was  it  to  be  carried  out  ? 
Those  who  built  cottages  were  principally 
land  proprietors  and  speculators,  and  they 
would  not  spend  more  money  than  they 
could  see  a  probability  of  recovering  back. 
All  that  could  be  done  was  to  call  upon 
architects  to  improve  the  character  of  the 
cottages;  they  could  not  command,  but 
they  might  suggest.  He  bad  seen  the  in- 
conveniences attending  the  smallness  of  a 
cottage  in  which  a  father,  mother,  and 
seven  children  lived;  but  there  was  not 
another  cottage  to  be  had.  He  was  of 
opinion  that  very  great  responsibility 
rested  upon  the  proprietors  of  land,  who 
could  if  they  chose  follow  the  example  of 
a  nobleman  whose  name  he  need  not  men- 


60 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[July, 


tion,  and  pull  down  their  old  cottages  and 
bnild  new  ones.  Somebody  must  make 
a  sacrifice,  but  it  could  not  be  expected 
that  poor  people  could  pay  an  increased 
rent ;  the  sacrifice  must,  therefore,  be  on 
the  part  of  those  who  could  afibrd  it. 

H.  L.  Styleman  le  Strange,  Esq.,  then 
read  an  able  paper  on  "  The  Application  of 
Colour  to  Architecture."  He  took  as  his 
motto  "  esse  quam  videri,"  and  repudiated 
the  idea  of  applying  to  stone,  glass,  or  any 
other  substance,  a  pigment,  with  the  view 
to  make  it  appear  of  a  nature  other  than 
its  own.  It  seemed  to  him  that  Hrchitects, 
who  are  themselves  principally  concerned 
with  creative  art,  should  themselves  be  the 
artists  to  decorate  their  own  works.  Per- 
haps it  might  only  be  possible  in  rare  in- 
stances for  the  architect  to  execute  the 
work  with  his  own  hands;  but,  in  any 
case,  he  ought  to  be  the  chief  artist  him- 
self; and  if  others  were  called  to  perform 
the  handicraft  of  the  colourist,  they  should 
perform  their  task  in  obedience  to  the 
dictates  of  his  presiding  genius. 

W.  Barges,  Esq.,  thought  that  in  ar- 
chitectural colouring  there  was  something 
needed  which  would  go  to  the  heart.  In 
the  middle  ages,  architects  had  coloured 
statuary,  coloured  garments,  to  guide 
them :  now  they  had  nothing.  He  thought 
that  architectural  colouring  would  never 
arrive  at  any  great  degree  of  perfection 
till  the  architect  became  both  painter 
and  sculptor. 

The  company  then  adjourned  to  the 
Aldermen's  parlour,  where  refreshments 
were  provided,  after  which  a  short  time 
was  spent  in  examining  the  various  cu- 
riosities which  had  been  lent  for  the 
occasion. 

Wednesday,  Mat  30.  Pebambitlation 
OP  THE  University  and  Town  op 
Cambbidoe. 

The  Congress  met  at  10  o'clock  in  the 
Fitzwilliam  Museum,  and  after  a  few  brief 
remarks  by  Professor  Willis,  proceeded 
under  his  guidance  to  visit  some  of  the 
points  of  most  interest  in  the  town  and 
University. 

The  first  place  visited  was  Little  St. 
Mary's  Church,  the  work  of  Alan  de  Wal- 

7 


singham  and  his  Ely  masons.  The  chan- 
tries brought  to  view  on  the  north  and 
south  sides  some  time  ago  were  pointed 
out;  and  after  inspecting  the  new  roof, 
the  party  passed  out  of  the  church  into 
St.  Peter's  College,  and  Professor  Willis 
made  some  remarks  upon  the  "  new  skin" 
with  which  modem  improvement  had 
clothed  the  old  walls.  The  new  windows 
in  the  chapel,  the  production  of  the  Mu- 
nich school,  were  examined  and  admired, 
and  it  was  stated  that  we  were  indebted 
for  the  introduction  of  that  style  into  this 
country  to  the  liberality  and  good  taste  of 
Mr.  Beresford-Hope.  Mr.  Woollaston  said 
that  the  old  east  window  was  supposed  to 
be  after  a  design  by  Rubens. 

After  a  passing  visit  to  Pembroke  Col- 
lege, for  the  sake  of  seeing  the  smallest 
court  in  the  University,  and  a  look  at  a 
window  in  the  tower  of  Botolph  Church, 
restored,  as  the   Master  of  Trinity   re- 
marked,  by  Professor   Willis  from    the 
faintest  indications,  the  party  went   to 
Queens'  College,   and  in   the  hall   Pro- 
fessor Willis  pointed   out    the  restored 
wooden  roof,  and  the  identity  of  the  archi- 
tectural arrangements  with  those  of  H ad- 
don and  other  baronial  mansions.     The 
absence  of  the  President  and  his  family 
aflbrded  the  party  an  opportunity  of  pass- 
ing through  the   Lodge,  and  inspecting 
the  fine  carved  wood-work  in  the  audit- 
room,  (used  as  the    President's  dining- 
room,)    and    the    very  interesting    gal- 
lery,   where    similar   wood-work    is   co- 
vered with  paint.     After  an  inspection  of 
the  exterior  of  the  Lodge  from  the  gar- 
den, the  chapel  was  visited.     The  inte- 
rior has  recently  been  restored  by  Mr. 
Bodley,  and  Professor  Willis  said  it  of- 
fered an  illustration  of  an  extreme  mode 
of  fitting  up  an  ancient  building.     The 
chief  features  of  the  works  in  this  chi^l 
are  the  new  oak  stalls,  a  new  pavement  of 
marble  and  tiles,  and  areredos  of  alabaster 
and  inlaid  marbles.    There  was  little  to 
interest  the  lover  of  architecture  in  the 
chapel  in  its  former  state.    Nothing  has 
been  destroyed  that  could  be  thought  by 
any  one  to  have  had  any  architectural,  or 
even   arcbaK>logica],  interest.     The  main 
constructive  features  of  the  chapel  re- 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


61 


main  as  they  were,  with  the  exception  of 
a  shortening  of  the  east  window,  the 
former  window  coming  so  low  as  to  pre- 
sent a  proper  rise  in  the  level  at  the  east 
end,  or  to  allow  of  a  reredos  of  vnf  dig- 
nity. Ko  traces  remained  of  the  ancient 
stjles  or  other  wood-work.  Mr.  Bodley 
has  evidently  bestowed  much  thought  on 
tiiis  work,  which  is  full  of  originality, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  be  regarded  by  future 
archffiologists  as  a  striking  feature  of  the 
6k>thic  revivaL 

From  Queens'  the  party  passed  on  to 
Corpus,  the  new  court  of  which  Professor 
Willis  SMd  was  a  very  good  specimen  of 
a  modem  college  building,  except  that 
Wilkins,  who  built  it,  was  apt  to  reduce 
everything  to  an  Italian  principle,  and 
had  spoilt  the  tbing  as  a  whole  by  the 
facade  of  the  chapel  and  the  lodge.  The 
interior  of  the  chapel  was  stated  by  the 
Professor  to  be  quite  out  of  harmony  with 
the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of 
architecture :  ancient  wood-work  was  not 
understood  when  the  chapel  was  fitted  up, 
and  the  groining  of  the  roof,  like  the  ribs 
of  an  umbrella,  was  quite  contemptible. 
The  kitchen,  formerly  the  hall,  and  the 
old  court,  alluded  to  in  Monday's  lecture, 
were  next  inspected ;  after  which 

The  Saxon  church  of  St.  Benedict,  with 
its  long  and  short  quoins,  and  the  re- 
stored church  of  St.  Edward,  with  the 
clever  new  window  in  the  tower  and  the 
elegant  arches  in  the  nave,  claimed  the 
attention  of  the  Congress. 

A  conriderable  time  was  spent  in  King's 
chapel,  and  that  inimitable  building  eli- 
cited expressions  of  strong  admiration. 
The  screen,  with  its  beautiful  carving, 
was  pointed  out  as  the  finest  example  of 
a  Renaissance  screen  in  England. 

Professor  Willis  repeated  in  Clare  Col- 
lege much  that  he  had  s^d  in  his  Monday's 
lecture,  and  remarked  that  probably  Wil- 
kins came  to  the  roof  of  a  debased  gate- 
way there  to  study  mediaeval  architecture 
when  he  built  Corpus  chapel.  The  chapel 
of  Clare  and  the  vestibule  leading  into  it 
met  with  utter  condemnation:  Professor 
Willis  said  the  chapel  was  an  elegant 
concert-room,  but  there  was  nothing  de- 
votional in  it ;  and  the  vestibule,  witii  its 

GsHz.  Maq.  Yoi.  CCIX. 


warm  colouring,  always  reminded  him  of 
a  lime-kiln. 

Cains  College  was  said  to  hold  a  re- 
markable position  in  the  architectural  his- 
tory of  the  University,  and  the  Gate  of 
Honour  was  pointed  out  as  being  the 
earliest  instance  of  classical  architecture  in 
stone  in  England.  That  and  other  parts 
of  the  college  were  designed  by  Dr.  Cains, 
who  had  studied  medicine  in  Italy,  and 
brought  home  with  him  Italian  tastes. 
The  arrangement  of  the  second  court,  with 
the  south  side  open,  was  commented  upon : 
it  is  in  the  statutes  of  the  college  that  that 
side  shall  never  be  closed  up  by  buildings, 
in  order  that  there  may  be  a  free  circu- 
lation of  air.  The  principle  of  a  three- 
sided  court  was  subsequently  adopted  in 
other  colleges  as  a  sanitary  arrangement, 
at  a  time  when  plagues  frequently  visited 
Cambridge. 

St.  Michael's  Church  was  next  visited, 
and  points  of  Monday's  lecture  were  re- 
peated and  amplified. 

With  regard  to  the  new  Trinity  Hostel, 
inspected  from  the  outside.  Professor  Willis 
said  it  was  erected  by  the  Master  of 
Trinity,  at  his  own  cost,  and  under  his  own 
critical  diisection.  It  formed  a  remarkable 
era  in  the  history  of  the  University,  as  the 
first  erection  of  an  hostel  under  the  new 
reg^ulations  for  the  accommodation  of  stu- 
dents. It  was  intended  to  connect  it  with 
Trinity  College,  but  it  would  have  a  Prin- 
cipal of  its  own. 

At  Jesus  College  the  party  spent  a  con- 
siderable period  of  time,  noticing  the 
three-sided  court,  upon  the  Caian  prin- 
ciple, and  then  listening  to  a  lecture  upon 
the  chapel,  past  and  present,  delivered  by 
Professor  Willis,  standing  under  the  tower. 
The  beautiful  and  extensive  restorations 
were  carefully  examined ;  after  which  the 
courteous  hospitality  of  Mr.  Fawcett, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Congress,  was  par- 
taken of. 

Professor  Willis,  who  had  thus  far  acted 
as  guide,  quitted  the  party  at  Jesus  Col- 
lege, and  the  Bound  Church  and  Mag- 
dalene College  Chapel  were  subsequently 
visited  with  Mr.  Hope  in  place  of  Pro- 
fessor Willis.  At  both  of  these  places 
there  was  some  interesting  conversation ; 

I 


62 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[July, 


and  small  parties  sabseqnently  visited  the 
abbey  dinrch  at  Barnwell  and  the  Ceme- 
tery Chapel,  under  the  gmdance  of  Mr. 
K.  B.  Rowe. 

EysKnra  MssriKa. 

A  lecture  was  delivered  by  the  Pre- 
sident, in  Trinity  College  large  lectore- 
room.  Professor  Willis  occupied  the  chair, 
and  in  the  course  of  some  introductory 
remarks  said  that  no  man  was  better 
qualified  for  the  task  than  the  President, 
to  whom  they  were  deeply  indebted  for 
the  information  he  had  conveyed  through 
his  acquaintance  with  ecclesiastical  history, 
bis  watchings  from  time  to  time,  and,  con- 
^uently,  his  ability  to  overcome  diffi- 
culties. 

Mr.  Beresford-Hope  siud  that  in  adopt- 
ing the  title  "The  English  Cathedral  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century"  for  his  lecture, 
he  desired  that  every  word  in  it  should  be 
taken  in  the  most  absolute  and  exclusive 
sense.  The  building  whidi,  by  their  kind- 
ness, he  was  constructing  on  paper  was 
a  cathedral,  as  distinct  from  and  opposed 
to  a  parish  church.  It  was  English,  as 
distinct  from  and  opposed  to  foreign,  as 
it  was  of  the  nineteenth  centu];y  as  dis- 
tinct frt)m  and  opposed  to  one  of  earlier 
age.  With  those  limitations  steadily  in 
view,  he  alleged  that  there  were  distinc- 
tively such  buildings  in  posae  as  English 
cathedrals  of  the  nineteenth  century,  that 
there  were  good  reasons  why  they  should 
be  bmlt,  and  certain  data  of  size,  charac- 
ter, and  arrangement  which  ought,  in  his 
judgment,  to  reg^ulate  their  architectural 
construction.  Dismissing  as  he  did  frt)m 
his  subject  churches  with  which  the  last 
twenty  years  had  studded  the  land,  he  yet 
had  no  wish  to  depreciate  them ;  but  he 
pleaded  for  another  and  higher  develop- 
ment of  architecture  as  consonant  with 
the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  that  of  our 
actual  church  system,  with  its  episcopal 
regimen  and  its  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 
He  advocated  the  construction  of  cathe- 
drals in  the  spirit  in  whidi  Dr.  Peacock 
had  restored  his  glorious  fane  at  Ely, 
Dean  Milman  was  restoring  St.  Paul's. 
A  cathedral  ordinarily  exhibited  an  excess 
of  length  and  height  and  breadth,  pro- 


fnseness  of  plan,  stateliness  of  ornamenta- 
tion, and  dignity  of  appearance  which  lifts 
it  above  the  ordinary  church. 

He  repudiated  the  idea  that  a  building 
with  these  characteristics  was  not  con- 
sonant with  the  reformed  Church  of  Eng- 
land, or  that  it  was  a  Roman  Catholic 
institution.  In  proof  he  shewed  the  dif- 
ference between  the  Roman  Catholic  cathe- 
dral and  that  of  the  Reformed  church,  in 
the  multiplicity  of  chapels  and  altars  which 
characterised  the  former,  and  were  absent 
in  those  of  our  communion.  In  illustra- 
tion he  shewed  a  plan  of  the  new  cathe- 
dral of  Linz  in  Austria,  which  is  being 
built  by  M.  Slatz  of  Cologpie,  and  con- 
trasted it  Ynih.  plans  of  (1)  The  cathedral 
church  of  St.  Ninian,  for  the  use  of  the 
Scottish  Episcopal  Church  at  Perth,  by 
Mr.  Butterfield;  (2)  The  cathedral  at  KU- 
more,  Ireland ;  (3)  A  plan  of  a  cathedral 
at  Inverness,  both  by  Mr.  Slater;  (4)  The 
plan  of  a  cathedral  at  Brisbane,  by  Mr. 
Burges;  (5)  The  principal  church  of  the 
Island  of  St.  Kitts,  by  Mr.  Slater ;  (6)  Mr. 
Burges's  plan  for  the  Memorial  Church  at 
Constantinople;  (7)  The  admirable  plan 
by  Mr.  Street,  which  won  the  second 
prize  in  the  late  competition ;  and,  lastly, 
the  plan  of  the  great  church  at  Hamburgh, 
by  Mr.  Scott. 

He  also  referred  to  other  colonial  cathe- 
drals, particularly  those  of  Calcutta,  Mon- 
treal, and  Sydney.  The  cathedral  he 
contemplated  was,  of  course,  to  be  built 
in  Gothic. 

The  lecturer  went  on  to  prove  that 
the  recent  enthusiasm  for  preachings  to 
the  masses,  and  the  growing  taste  for 
large  musical  performances,  both  tended 
to  make  cathedrals  possible.  He  then 
enlarged  on  the  various  architectural 
and  ritual  features  of  the  new  English 
cathedraL  He  shewed  that  the  navo 
ought  to  be  spacious,  and  sogg^ested  the 
possibility  of  occasionally  adopting  the 
circular  shape  in  it.  The  choir  ought 
also  to  be  large,  to  hold  the  volunteers 
who,  he  trusted,  might  join  in  the  choral 
services,  as  well  as  to  serve  for  confirma- 
tions, ordinations,  and  such  ceremonials. 
He  pointed  out  the  beauty  of  the  apsidal 
east  end  with  a  circumambient  aisle,  and 


I860.] 


Architectural  Congress  at  Cambridge. 


63 


enggestcd  the  adoption  of  this  feature  to 
contain  monnments,  recapitulating  those 
monuments  which  had  been  placed  of  late 
years  in  our  cathedrals,  in  imitation  of 
the  "high  tombs"  of  the  middle  ages. 
He  looked  to  the  adoption  of  constructive 
polychrome  and  the  development  of  mural 
painting  as  the  artistic  compensation  for 
the  loss  of  those  features  of  the  medisBval 
cathedral  which  were  not  appropriate  to 
our  more  pure  and  simple  ritual.  He 
continued  to  shew  what  adjacent  buildings 
and  institutions  modem  utility  required 
in  connection  with  cathedrals,  and  con- 
cluded with  practical  observations  upon 
the  expediency  of  constructing  churches 
such  as  he  had  pointed  out  in  our  large 
towns;  and  as  a  first  step,  he  advocated 
the  suitability  of  adding  the  style  of  places 
suitable  to  become  bishoprics,  to  that  of 
the  prelates  in  whose  dioceses  the  towns 
now  actually  stood.  In  conclusion,  he 
expressed  his^hope  that  he  had  proved 
that  architecture  was  not  a  mere  isolated 
study  of  form  and  material  and  construc- 
tion, but  that  it  mixes  itself  up  with  the 
most  important  concerns  both  of  our  phy- 
ncal  and  our  spiritual  life. 

A  vote  of  thanks  to  the  lecturer  ter- 
minated the  proceedings. 

Tuesday,  May  31.    Visit  to  Buby 
St.  Edmtxkds. 

A  large  number  of  the  members  of  the 
Congress,  under  the  direction  of  the  Pre- 
ndent,  repaired  to  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
where  they  first  visited  the  house  in  which 
Humphrey  Duke  of  Qloucester  died ;  it  is 
now  in  a  dilapidated  state,  and  the  garden 
surrounding  it  has  been  converted  into  a 
durm-yard.  The  Abbot*s-bridge  and  sluices 
of  the  ancient  fish-ponds  were  next  in- 
spected ;  the  guide-books  place  the  date  at 
1221,  but  the  details  of  the  masonry,  which 
are  of  much  interest,  would  g^ve  a  later 
date.  It  was  observed  with  regret  that 
this  fine  piece  of  work  is  in  such  bad  re- 
psur  that  unless  soon  strengthened  the 
whole  fabric  will  fall  in  a  ruinous  mass. 

Passing  through  the  Botanic  Garden, 
the  party  emerged  through  the  fortified 
abbey  gateway  to  the  main  street,  and 
examined  the  loopholes,  portcullis,  and 
other  means  of  defence  against  the  pre- 


datory attacks  of  the  townspeople,  which 
were  of  frequent  occurrence,  as  the  monks 
and  citizens  were  always  at  enmity. 

Here  the  party  was  met  by  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  Lord  Arthur  Hervey,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Suffolk  Archraological  Society, 
and  many  of  the  members  and  their  &ir 
friends,  who  formed  an  escort  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  day. 

St.  James'  Church,  the  Norman  tower, 
and  St.  Mary's  Church  were  carefully  in- 
spected, and  the  leading  features  lucidly 
explained  by  local  antiquaries.  There  was 
next  a  large  meeting  in  the  lecture  hall  of 
the  Athenseum,  where  Lord  Arthur  Hervey 
took  the  chfur,  and  publicly  welcomed  the 
Architectural  Congress. 

Mr.  Hope,  in  reply,  said,  "  Architecture 
and  archaeology  run  together;  call  each 
society  what  you  will,  you  will  find  their 
sentiments  the  same ;  so  that  we  shall  all 
readily  fraternize.  We  do  not  content 
ourselves  with  grubbing  in  old  muniment 
boxes,  but  by  the  light  of  their  contents 
we  study  the  history  of  architecture,  and 
such  glorious  monuments  of  the  piety  and 
magnificence  of  past  ages  as  this  good  old 
town  possesses. 

"  We  say  that  architects  must  dis- 
orientalize  themselves ;  and  though  they 
cannot  turn  up  new  styles,  as  our  finends 
over  the  Channel  turn  up  new  constitu- 
tions, at  the  rate  of  about  twenty  in  a 
week,  we  have  here  Mr.  Burges  and  Mr. 
Bodley,  two  architects  of  a  new  school^ 
who  are  studying  the  work  of  the  past 
in  order  to  make  a  new  style. 

"As  an  instance  of  the  change  these 
societies  have  wrought  in  the  public  taste, 
we  do  not  now  have  race-balla  and  such 
things,  but  architectural  and  archseological 
meetings,  at  which  the  true  principles  of 
architecture  are  discussed,  taking  as  the 
starting-point  sound  and  true  materials. 
We  have  heard  of  muscular  Christianity ; 
we  plead  for  muscular  architecture.  We 
look  to  Mr.  Burges  and  Mr.  Bodley  to 
%ht  for  us  the  battle  of  the  styles,  and 
to  draw  some  good  result  from  such  visits 
as  this  of  ours  to  St.  Edmundsbury." 

At  a  cold  collation  at  the  Angel  Hotel, 
where  Lord  Arthur  Hervey  took  the  chair» 
Mr.  Gedge  gave  some  practical  informa- 
tion respecting   the    restoration  of  thft 


64 


The  Guesten  Hall,  Worcester. 


[July, 


Norman  tower  by  the  late  Mr.  Cotting- 
ham,  and  explfuned  that  every  loose  stone 
removed  was  marked  and  replaced,  and 
that  none  of  the  old  work  was  scraped, 
bnt  faithfully  repaired. 

A  general  movement  then  took  place 
to  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Abbey,  in 
which  Stephen  Langton  and  the  barons 
swore  npon  the  altar  that  they  would 
obtain  Magna  Charta  from  King  J6hn. 
The  ancient  Bridewell  was  next  visited; 


after  which  the  leaders  of  the  party  re- 
turned to  Cambridge,  leaving  some  to 
wander  among  the  ivy-clad  ruins  of  the 
abbey,  and  others  to  inspect  the  interest- 
ing church  at  Saxham. 

EVENIHQ  MEETINa. 

The  proceedings  of  this  most  interesting 
and  successful  Congress  were  terminated 
by  a  gathering  at  Sidney  College  Lodge, 
where  a  large  number  of  exquisite  archi- 
tectural photographs  was  displayed. 


THE  GUESTEN  HALL,  WOKCESTER. 

Close  to  "Worcester  Cathedral  there  still  exists  the  Guesten  Hall,  erected 
in  1320;  it  is  a  noble  building,  though  much  mutilated,  and  divided  by 
wooden  partitions.  It  has  a  wooden  gable-end,  the  frame-work  of  which 
is  very  well  arranged  with  a  good  deal  of  cusping.  The  side  walls  are  of 
stone,  and  the  windows  arranged  as  at  Mayfield,  under  arches  thrown  across 
from  buttress  to  buttress.  Tbe  restoration  of  tliis  building  has  been 
more  than  once  proposed,  and  a  view  of  it,  as  restored  by  A.  E.  Perkins,  was 
executed  some  years  sinct  at  the  expense  of  the  late  Canon  Digby  %  and 
presented  by  him  to  the  Oxford  Architectural  Society.  Demolition,  how- 
ever, not  restoration,  appears  likely  to  be  the  result  of  the  cathedral  pro- 
perty having  lately  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commis- 
sioners, unless  arrested  by  unmistakeable  evidence  of  public  indignation. 

We  are  glad  to  see  that  the  people  of  Worcester  are  interesting  them- 
selves in  the  matter.  Influential  bodies  in  London  have  also  shewn  a 
strong  feeling  on  the  proposed  barbarism,  and  at  recent  meetings  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  it  was  resolved  to  send  a  protest  to  the  Dean  and 
Chapter,  and  also  give  a  sum  of  money  in  aid  of  a  proper  restoration. 
The  Ecclesiological  Society  also  have  mentioned  the  subject  in  their  annual 
report,  in  due  terms  of  reprobation ;  and  Mr.  Beresford-Hope,  their  Fresi- 
dent,  said  very  justly  at  their  last  meeting  that  the  news  of  such  a- con- 
temptuous disregard  of  the  public  feeling  in  favour  of  the  conservation 
of  our  ancient  edifices  **  would  be  received  with  a  cry  of  execration  through- 
out the  land."  In  the  same  spirit  he  has  addressed  two  letters  to  '*  The 
Times,"  which  we  have  been  requested  to  reproduce,  under  the  very 
appropriate  title  of 

VANDALISM  AT  WORCESTER. 
No.  I. 

Sib, — A  fSact  has  come  to  my  knowledge,  upon  which,  from  my  connexion  with 
architectural  societies,  I  am  unfortunately  able  to  speak  with  certainty. 

Close  to  Worcester  Cathedral  still  stands  the  ancient  *'  Questen  Hall"  of  the  Chapter, 
a  singularly  fine  specimen  of  the  domestic  architecture  of  the  fourteenth  century.    This 


*  Parker's  Domestic  Architecture,  vol.  iL  p.  257. 


I860.]  The  Guesten  Rail,  Worcester.  65 

Imilding,  although  oonsiderahly  mutilated,  retains  its  main  features,  and  is  curious,  from 
its  being  so  much  older  than  the  college-balls  of  our  Universities.  The  noble  open  roof 
exists,  and  the  window  tracery,  of  a  very  beautiful  character,  U  capable  of  easy  restora- 
tion. It  is  hardly  credible,  and  yet  it  is  true,  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Worcester 
are  seriously  meditating  the  immediate  demolition  of  this  most  interesting  building. 
Sueh  vandalism,  at  a  time  when  we  have  learnt  to  appreciate  the  architecture  of  our 
ancestors,  would  be  barely  justifiable  even  if  there  were  any  practical  reasons,  real  or 
colourable,  alleged  for  the  act.  But  in  this  case,  I  understand,  there  is  no  reason  at 
all  brought  forward,  except  that  the  actual  possessors  of  the  hall  are  puzzled  what  to 
do  with  it.  Other  people  say  that  it  might  not  be  so  difficult  to  find  some  use  for 
a  large  room  in  connexion  with  a  religious  and  educational  body  in  a  large  city.  But, 
at  the  worst,  the  Guesten-hall,  even  if  left  empty,  would  hurt  nobody,  and  might  be 
just  as  useful  as  the  greenest  gpntssplot  and  smartest  fiower-bed.  To  complete  the  per- 
versity of  this  barbarous  project,  it  has  not  even  the  miserable  excuse  of  being  popular. 
The  people  of  Worcester  are  in  arms  to  preserve  an  ornament  of  their  city,  of  which 
they,  at  least,  understand  the  value ;  and  they  hope  that,  if  public  opinion  is  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  Chapter,  the  proximate  havock  may  yet  be  averted.  —I  have,  &c., 

ArkloW'house,  Connaught-place,  June  13.  A.  J.  B.  Bsbssfobd-Hofb. 


No.  II. 

Sib, — ^You  were  kind  enough  to  give  insertion  a  few  days  since  to  a  letter  of  mine 
relative  to  the  threatened  demolition  at  the  Guesten  Hall,  attached  to  Worcester 
CathedraL  This  has  produced  private  explanations  from  one  of  the  canons  of  the 
church  and  from  the  cathedral  architect,  to  the  effect  that  the  contemplated  pro- 
ceedings which  have  so  justly  caused  apprehension  are  to  be  limited  to  clearing  out 
the  modem  partitions  and  fittings  which  now  clog  the  building;  and  that  no  order 
has  been  given  to  destroy  the  old  work.  The  satisfaction  which  this  assurance  would 
have  created  is,  however,  greatly  mitigated  by  one  of  my  informants  having  added 
the  expression  of  his  fears  that  the  building,  thus  relieved  of  the  cross  walls  which 
now  keep  it  up,  mny  come  down  with  a  i*un. 

This  is  but  poor  comfort  for  those  who  desire  to  keep  the  hall  up ;  and  I  am  sure 
that  I  am  speaking  the  sentiments  of  all  archaeologists  when  I  say  that  its  maintenance 
ought  to  be  a  consideration  paramount  even  to  its  clearance.  An  old  building,  if 
tolerably  sound,  may  be  so  carefully  gutted  (wholly  or  partially)  as  to  ensure  its 
stability  with  the  assistance  of  shores  and  so  forth ;  or  it  may  be  so  recklessly  cleared 
out  as  to  make  its  downfall  a  matter  of  even  greater  certainty ;  or,  if  its  stability 
under  the  process  be  more  than  questionable,  it  may  be  left  alone  alt<  gethcr.  What 
the  public  have,  therefore,  the  right  to  claim  from  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Worcester 
is  that  no  one  single  internal  wall  or  protection  should  be  taken  out  of  the  Guesten 
Hall  until  some  competent  architectural  authority  shall  have  publicly  reported  that 
the  ancient  portions  of  the  building  can  be  kept  standing  after  the  clearance,  and 
shall  have  indicated  what  precautionary  measures  are  necessary  to  ensure  this  result. 
Money  I  hear  is  wanting,  and  my  friend  the  architect  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commission, 
to  whom  I  owe  one  of  my  communications,  informs  me  that  "  no  part  of  the  money 
set  apart  for  cathedral  repairs  can  be  appropriated  for  the  purpose."  It  is  not  for  me 
to  clear  up  so  inscrutable  a  mystery,  but  common  sense  will  shew  that,  if  cathedral 
money  cannot  be  forthcoming  to  keep  up  cathedral  buildings,  still  less  ought  it  to  be 
avulable  to  imperil  them.  In  any  case,  the  more  the  Dean  and  Chapter  shew  that 
they  really  desire  to  keep  up  what  they  have  got,  the  more  likely  will  the  public  be 
to  coine  to  their  aid  for  its  restoration.  I  have,  &c., 

ArkloW'howe,  Connaught-place,  June  18.  A.  J.  B.  Bebesfobd-Hopb. 

We  trust  that  such  representations  as  these  may  not  be  ineffectual,  and 
that  we  may  not  be  fated  to  see  a  body  that  has  sanctioned  the  erection  of 
so  many  ugly  new  buildings  allowed,  at  its  own  good  will  and  pleasure,  to 
destroy  all  our  noble  old  ones  into  the  bargain. 


66  [July, 


Corresipotttintce  ot  SbviW^nmi  Witfinn. 


[^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentleman's  MAaAZiNB  containing 
their  Communications  may  be  forwarded  to  them."] 

WAYBOUENE  CHTJKCH,  NORFOLK;  THE  ARRANGEMENTS 

OF  MONASTIC  PARISH  CHURCHES. 

Mr.  Urban, — In  a  late  journey  through  East-Anglia  I  have  seen  much 
that  bore  on  the  arrangements  of  those  churches  which  were  at  once  paro- 
chial and  monastic.  This  is  a  subject  to  which,  as  you  may  perhaps  know, 
I  have  for  some  years  given  a  good  deal  of  attention,  and  I  have  had  inci- 
dental occasion  to  speak  of  it  in  the  course  of  my  late  controversy  about 
Waltham  Abbey.  When  a  church  was  held  in  common  by  the  monks  and 
the  parish,  and  when,  as  generally  happened  in  such  cases,  disputes  arose 
between  them,  the  common  practice  was  to  divide  the  building,  the  parish 
taking  the  western  and  the  monks  the  eastern  part.  In  the  two  cases  of 
Wymondham  and  Dunster  we  know  historically  the  details  of  the  process, 
and  from  these  we  may  argue  to  a  great  many  other  cases  where  we — or  at 
least  I — do  not  know  the  documentary  history,  but  where  the  architectural 
phsonomena  are  analogous.  When  a  church  was  divided  in  this  way,  the 
eastern  part,  as  being  monastic  property,  came  into  the  King's  hands  at 
the  Dissolution,  and  was  preserved,  dismantled,  or  entirely  destroyed,  as 
suited  the  caprice  of  King  Henry  or  his  grantees.  Thus  at  Dorchester  a 
private  benefactor,  at  Tewkesbury  the  common  act  of  the  parish,  purchased 
the  monastic  portion,  and  added  it  to  the  parish  church.  At  Ewenny  and 
Dunster  the  monastic  portion  remains  perfect,  but  disused.  At  Waltham, 
Wymondham,  Binbam,  Margam,  and  many  others,  the  monastic  portion  is 
utterly  gone  or  survives  only  in  the  form  of  ruins.  ^  But  in  all  these  cases 
the  Dissolution  had  no  effect  upon  that  part  of  the  church  which  had  been 
assigned  to  the  parishioners,  and  whose  legal  position  was  just  the  same  as 
that  of  any  other  parish  church.  This  I  do  not  think  is  generally  very 
clearly  understood.  A  church  of  this  sort  was  architecturally  one  building, 
but,  as  a  matter  of  legal  property,  it  was  two.  The  property  of  the  monastery 
was  transferred  to  the  King,  but  that  of  the  parish  remained  untouched. 

The  parish  church  thus  formed  generally  consisted  of  the  nave  of  the 
church  formerly  held  in  common.  This  nave  might  be,  as  at  Waltham  and 
Crowland,  the  whole  space  west  of  the  central  tower,  or,  as  at  St.  Alban's, 
Binham,  and  Wymondham,  only  part  of  it,  owing  to  the  monks'  choir  being 
placed  westward  of  the  crossing.  The  nave,  now  become  the  parish  church, 
was  then  treated  in  all  respscts  as  a  complete  and  distinct  church.    Two 


I860.]  Wayboume  Church,  Norfolk.  67 

or  three  bays  at  the  east  end  were  screened  off  as  a  chancel ;  the  high 
altar  was  placed  at  the  east  end,  with  a  reredos  behind  it,  and  often  with 
sedilia  at  the  south  side.  These  arrangements  will  be  very  apparent  to 
any  one  who  will  carefully  compare  the  churches  I  have  already  men- 
tioned. The  reredos  of  the  parish  high  altar  is  nowhere  so  well  seen  as 
at  St.  Alban's^  where  it  is  known  as  St.  Cuthberht's  screen.  A  very  little 
examination  will  shew  that  it  was  not  a  roodscreen,  but  a  reredos.  A 
roodscreen  has  one  door  in  the  middle;  a  reredos  has  one  on  each  side 
the  altar.  The  two  doors,  marking  the  reredos,  may  be  seen  also  at 
Waltham,  Ewenny,  Wymondham,  Crowland,  and  Binham.  The  marking 
off  of  the  parochial  chancel  is  perhaps  best  seen  at  Dunster  and  Binham. 

This  reredos  was  a  structure  of  considerable  hdght  and  massiveness, 
being  in  fact  a  solid  wall,  which,  when  the  eastern  part  of  the  church  was 
destroyed,  was  carried  up  to  form  the  east  end  of  what  was  left.  At  Walt- 
ham  and  Crowland  I  suspect  that,  even  before  the  Dissolution,  this  parti- 
tion wall  was  carried  up  as  high  as  the  spring  of  the  lantern  arch.  I  sus- 
pect also  that  at  Crowland  the  window  in  the  partition  wall  existed  before 
the  Dissolution.  At  Wymondham  the  "  abbey  steeple  *'  made  a  com- 
plete partition ;  the  parish  church  ended  in  a  dead  wall,  with  only  the 
two  doors  in  it. 

The  part  east  of  the  reredos  remained  to  the  monks.  Their  roodscreen 
must  always  have  been  placed  somewhat  to  the  east  of  the  reredos,  so  as 
to  leave  a  kind  of  antechapel  or  diminutive  nave  between  them.  When 
the  parish  church  reached  eastward  as  far  as  the  west  arch  of  the  lantern, 
the  central  tower  seems  to  have  played  this  part.  Thus  at  Ewenny  and 
Dunster  there  is  a  screen  across  the  eastern  arch  of  the  tower,  fencing 
off  the  monks*  choir  in  the  eastern  hmb.  This  arrangement,  as  I  have 
already  remarked,  was  probably  introduced  at  Waltham  at  the  rebuilding 
of  the  monks'  choir  in  1242.  At  St.  Alban's  the  roodscreen  of  the  monks' 
choir  has  vanished ;  the  screen  still  to  be  traced  must  have  been  a  pres- 
bytery-screen, like  that  at  St.  David's. 

In  collegiate  foundations  the  interests  of  the  clergy  and  people  did  not 
so  often  clash  as  in  the  monastic  ones.  Indeed,  a  collegiate  foundation, 
from  the  days  of  Harold  onward,  generally  had  in  view  the  better  per- 
formance of  divine  service  in  an  existing  parish  church.  Hence  the  church 
was  seldom  divided,  and  hence  the  collegiate  churches  commonly  retain 
their  choirs  untouched.  At  the  suppression  of  Colleges  under  Edward  the 
Sixth  the  foundations  were  abohshed,  but  the  fabrics  were  seldom  injured. 
There  are,  however,  some  instances  to  the  contrary.  At  Fotheringhay  and 
Ruthin  the  choir  is  entirely  destroyed ;  at  Howden  it  js  in  ruins ;  at  Arun- 
del it  is  disused  though  perfect.  I  suppose  that  in  these  cases  some  divi- 
sion of  the  building  must  have  taken  place  between  the  college  and  the 
parish,  like  those  I  have  mentioned  in  other  cases  between  the  monastery 
and  the  parish .    In  some  cases  also,  as  the  College  of  Newark  at  Leicester 


68  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [July, 

and  St  Martin's- le-Grand  in  London,  collegiate  churches  were  wholly 
destroyed.  I  suppose  that  these  were  purely  collegiate  without  any  at- 
tached parish,  just  like  those  monasteries  which  were  not  parish  churches 
at  all,  and  which  were  therefore  wholly  destroyed  or  ruined. 

The  arrangement  is  still  kept  up  in  some  foreign  churches.  At  Toulouse 
Cathedral,  when  I  was  there  in  1857,  parish  high  mass  at  the  parish  high 
altar  in  the  nave  was  followed  by  capitular  high  mass  at  the  capitular  high 
altar  in  the  choir. 

I  turn  from  these  examples  of  the  most  usual  form  of  the  division  to  a 
very  curious  and  anomalous  instance  in  which  it  is  made  in  quite  another 
way.  This  is  the  Priory  of  Waybourne  in  Norfolk,  between  Cromer  and 
C ley-next- the-Sea.  I  had  never  heard  of  it  before  and  I  came  upon  it  quite 
accidentally,  but  it  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  buildings 
I  ever  saw.  Its  groundplan,  I  suppose,  is  quite  unique.  The  appearance 
when  first  seen,  as  I  oame  suddenly  upon  it  from  the  east,  is  utterly  per- 
plexing. A  perfect  and  a  ruined  tower,  a  good  deal  of  perfect  building  to 
the  west  and  a  good  deal  of  ruined  building  to  the  east,  suggest  for  a 
moment  a  church  of  the  type  of  Wimbome  Minster  with  the  central  tower 
and  the  choir  in  ruins.  But  the  next  moment  shows  that  the  two  towers 
are  not  in  a  line,  and  also  that  there  are  no  signs  of  transepts.  I  will  try 
to  describe  the  building  as  well  as  I  can,  though  it  is  rather  a  hard  task 
without  a  measured  groundplan.  The  existing  parish  church,  taken  alone, 
without  reference  to  the  adjoining  ruins,  would  not  be  very  remarkable. 
It  consists  of  a  west  tower,  a  nave  with  south  porch,  a  chancel  a  good  deal 
narrower  than  the  nave,  and  blocked  arches  on  the  north  side  show  the 
former  existence  of  a  destroyed  aisle,  opening  into  both  nave  and  chancel, 
but  not  reaching  to  the  full  length,  east  and  west,  of  either.  A  very  pretty 
doorway  in  the  north  wall  of  the  nave,  with  shafts  and  tooth- moulding, 
shows  that  the  original  building  was  Early  English,  but  the  aisle  looks  like 
a  Decorated  addition,  and  there  are  several  windows  of  that  style  on  the 
south  side.  The  tower  and  porch  are  of  the  common  East- Anglian  Per- 
pendicular. But,  having  got  thus  far  with  ease,  wonders  begin,  which  I 
do  not  pretend  wholly  to  unravel.  First  of  all,  the  chancel  has  no  gable, 
but  a  lean-to  roof  leaning  on  its  northern  side  partly  against  nothing,  partly 
against  ^he  ruins  of  a  tower  in  the  style  commonly  called  Anglo-Saxon. 
or  this  tower  only  the  south  wall  is  at  all  perfect,  the  north  wall  is  utterly 
gone,  and  the  east  and  west  are  very  imperfect,  but  enough  remains  to 
make  out  its  general  design.  Its  upper  stage  has  a  double  window — or 
what  seems  to  be  a  window,  for  it  either  never  went  through  the  wall  or 
else  has  been  most  sedulously  blocked  inside — with  triangular  heads ;  a 
shaft  between  the  two  openings  seems  to  have  been  knocked  away.  On 
each  side  are  two  rude  blank  arches  with  irregular  round  or  rather  segmental 
heads.  Above,  on  each  side,  is  what  seems  to  be  a  round  window  with  a 
deep  external  splay,  but  no  traces  can  be  seen  inside.  The  east  wall  of  the 
8 


I860.]  JTay bourne  Church,  Norfolk.^  69 

tower  has  been  cut  through  by  a  tall  late  Decorated  arch,  which  reminded 
me  of  that  in  the  "  Abbey  steeple**  at  Wymondham,  but  a  very  small 
round-headed  window  can  be  traced  just  above  it.  The  south  wall  had, 
much  lower  down,  a  much  larger  round-headed  window,  now  of  course 
blocked  by  the  parish  chancel.  In  the  west  wall  was  a  large  blocked 
round-headed  doorway ;  a  good  way  above  it  is  a  jamb  of  an  inserted 
window  (or  possibly  a  doorway  in  the  roof)  which  hinders  one  from  making 
out  the  original  design.  When  these  insertions  were  made  a  vault  was  also 
inserted,  or  perhaps  only  contemplated ;  the  springers  are  there  and  the  lines 
traced  out  for  the  vaulting,  a  little  above  the  great  eastern  arch.  The 
whole  of  the  original  work  of  this  tower  is  excessively  rude,  and  quite  un- 
like any  Norman  work  ;  but  it  has  its  full  share  of  that  barbaric  grandeur 
which  towers  of  its  class  always  possess. 

.  East  and  west  of  this  tower  stood  large  buildings  now  in  ruins.  To  the 
east  of  it  was  evidently  the  choir  of  the  Priory  church,  a  large  building 
with  attached  chapels,  but  no  regular  aisles.  It  is  very  ruinous,  and  very 
little  detail  is  left,  but  that  little,  being  portions  of  lancet  windows  at  the 
east  end,  shows  its  date  and  its  original  extent.  The  north  wall  is  nearly 
perfect ;  there  are  two  arches  of  different  heights  in  its  western  part ;  the 
loftier,  just  east  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  tower,  has  opened  into  a  sort  of  tran- 
Beptal  chapel  or  pair  of  chapels,  the  lower  one  into  a  smaller  chapel  to  the 
east  of  it.  The  south  wall  is  nearly  all  gone,  but  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
it  had  a  large  chapel  to  the  south,  lying  east  of  the  present  parish  chancel, 
and  which  did  not  reach  to  the  extreme  east  end  of  the  monks'  choir. 

The  remains  to  the  west  of  the  tower  are  more  perplexing.  There  was 
a  large  building  whose  gable  can  still  be  traced,  and  into  which  the  blocked 
arches  in  the  north  wall  of  the  parish  church  must  at  some  time  have 
opened.  But  I  could  see  no  signs  of  any  communication  between  it  and 
the  tower,  as  the  original  western  doorway  of  the  tower  was  blocked,  and 
no  later  arch  was  cut  through  as  on  the  eastern  side.  This  of  course  re- 
minds one  of  Wymondham,  and  might  lead  to  the  belief  that  this  was  part 
of  the  parish  church.  This  may  very  likely  have  been  the  case  ;  only  there 
is  a  rather  puzzling  cross  wall,  running  north  and  south,  with  an  east 
window  in  it,  and  helping  to  block  the  arch  in  the  north  wall  of  the  parish 
chancel.  A  space  is  thus  left  between  the  west  wall  of  the  Ang\p.  Saxon 
tower  and  the  east  end  of  the  north  aisle  of  the  parish  church,  which  must, 
as  the  blocked  arch  and  gable-line  show,  have  once  been  covered,  but 
which  seems  afterwards  to  have  been  uncovered. 

On  the  north  of  these  buildings  was  clearly  a  cloister  whose  eastern  wall 
was  prolonged  from  the  eastern  wall  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  tower. 

I  am  writing  here  entirely  without  books,  but  I  have  had  a  few  historical 
notices  sent  me  by  hiends^  which  may  perhaps  go  a  little  way  towards  ex- 

•  WabrumfM,  W^burn,  or  Wabom  Priory,  Norfolk.    Tanner  says  that  "  Sir  Ralph 
Meyngarin,  Knight  (temp.  Hen.  II.),  founded  a  priory  of  Benedictines  here." — (Notit, 
GxNT.  Mao.  Vol.  CCXX.  x 


70  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [July, 

plaining  some  of  these  yery  curious  phenomena.  A  church  here  is  men- 
tioned in  Domesday ;  of  this  we  may  safely  set  down  the  Anglo-Saxon 
tower  as  being  a  relic.  Its  date  I  do  not  profess  to  fix.  It  is  clearly  in 
the  old  native  form  of  Romanesque  which  preceded  the  introduction  of  the 
"  novum  compositionis  genus,"  or  Norman  style,  by  Eadward  the  Confessor. 
That  native  form  did,  as  we  know  from  the  case  of  the  Lincoln  churches, 
under  certain  circumstances  survive  the  Conquest,  and  such  a  place  as 
Waybourne  is  where  one  might  expect  it  to  linger  longest.  It  is  therefore 
quite  possible  that  this  tower  may  have  been  a  new  one  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesday  survey,  and  the  church  may  even  have  been  mentioned  in  it  on 
that  account.  But  the  work  is  so  very  rude,  so  much  more  so  for  instance 
than  the  Lincoln  churches,  that  I  am  inclined  to  think  it  must  be  one  of  the 
earlier  rather  than  one  of  the  later  examples  of  my  third  class  of  Anglo-Saxon 
buildings.  T  place  it  in  the  third  class  because  it  is  essentially  a  stone  con- 
struction ;  except  it  be  in  the  triangular  heads,  there  is  no  trace  of  "  stone- 
carpentry"  about  it.  Perhaps  we  may  place  it  early  in  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, but  all  such  dates  must  be  quite  conjectural. 

The  other  fact  is  that  a  Priory  of  Austin  Canons  was  founded  here  by 
one  Ralph  Ma3mgaryn  or  Mainwaring,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Second 
or  John.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  greater  part  of  the  present 
buildings,  the  few  details  of  which  agree  with  the  later  of  the  two  dates, 
were  raised  in  connexion  with  this  foundation.  But  the  founder  must  have 
set  about  the  work  in  a  curious  way.  The  common  process  would  have  been 
either  to  build  the  Priory  church  altogether  distinct  from  the  parish 
church,  or  else,  as  at  Binham  and  Wymondham,  to  raise  a  large  cruciform 
building,  of  which  the  eastern  limb  should  belong  to  the  monks  and  the 
western  to  the  parish.  The  founder  of  Waybourne  followed  neither  plan. 
He  seems  to  have  taken  the  old  parish  church,  preserved  its  western  tower, 
built  his  monks'  choir  on  the  site  of  the  rest,  and  to  have  rebuilt  the  parish 
church  to  the  south-west,  with  its  chancel  partly  abutting  on  the  old  tower. 
The  phsenomena  to  the  west  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  tower  and  to  the  north  of 
the  parish  church  I  do  not  profess  altogether  to  explain.     They  can  hardly 

MonoH.f  Norfolk,  28.)  And  he  refers  to  Mon.  Ang.,  torn.  L  p.  490.  But  the  editors  of 
the  new  edition  of  the  Moncutioon  (vol.  vi  p.  591)  refer  to  the  Continnator  of  Blomfield's 
"  History  of  Norfolk,"  (vol.  v.  p.  966,  or  new  edition,  ix.  446) ;  and  as  the  account  in 
the  MoMuticon  is  extremely  meagre,  we  give  the  preference  to  Blomfield  or  his  Con- 
tinnator. He  says  that  "  Hugh  de  Abrincis,  Earl  of  Chester,  had  a  g^nt  from  the 
Conqueror  of  tliis  lordship,  which  was  held  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor  by 
Hacon,  or  Hagan,  son  of  Swan,  eldest  son  of  Earl  Godwin,  and  elder  brother  of  King 
Harold."  [Did  he  build  the  Saxon  church  ?]  Ralph  II.,  Earl  of  Chester  in  the  time 
of  King  John,  was  most  probably  the  founder  of  the  Priory,  which  was  for  Augos- 
tinians,  and  not  Benedictines.  "  At  a  place  here  called  Wayborne  Hope  was  a  fortifica- 
tion ;  the  shore  is  stony,  and  the  sea  so  deep,  that  ships  may  ride  here  and  lie  against 
it ;  the  Danes  are  said  to  have  landed  here  on  their  invasions."  [Can  the  ruins  de- 
sflkbed  by  Mr.  Freeman  have  been  connected  with  the  fortifications  P  J — Ed. 


I860.]  Wayboume  Churchy  Norfolk.  71 

be  unravelled  without  having  the  whole  thing  thoroughly  examined,  mea- 
sured, mapped,  and  drawn  in  detail,  by  a  professional  architect^. 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  compare  the  half-monastic,  half-parochial, 
ehurch  of  Wayboume,  with  its  purely  monastic  neighbour  at  Beeston^ 
This  is  also  a  thirteenth  century  building,  and  also  quite  a  small  monas- 
tery ;  but  at  Beeston  there  is  a  distinct  parish  church,  a  good  way  off 
from  the  Priory;  consequently  the  latter  is  altogether  uninfluenced  by 
parochial  requirements,  consequently  also  it  is  now  wholly  in  ruins.  It  is 
a  small  cruciform  church,  about  150  feet  long,  without  aisles ;  its  choir 
has  a  very  good  range  of  lancet  windows.  There  are  two  curious  things 
about  it ;  one  that  it  seemed,  as  far  as  I  could  make  out,  to  have  lost  its 
Booth  transept  in  Perpendicular  times,  at  all  events  the  south  arch  of  the 
lantern  was  blocked  by  a  tall  octagonal  turret  of  that  date.  The  other  is 
the  addition  in  the  Decorated  period  of  eastern  chapels  to  the  north  traiv- 
aept,  the  northern  one  of  which  is  prolonged  so  as  to  run  parallel  with  the 
choir,  like,  to  compare  great  things  with  small,  the  Lady  Chapel  at  Ely. 

Not  far  off  is  the  splendid  church  of  Cley-next-the-Sea,  one  of  the  finest 
parochial  Decorated  naves  in  England,  but  with  a  tower  and  chancel  quite 
unworthy  of  it.  Blakeney  too  is  a  striking  church,  with  a  bold  turret, 
evidently  intended  as  a  hght-house,  at  the  north-east  corner  of  the  chancel. 
This  same  chancel  terminates  in  a  composition  of  seven  lancets,  and,  as  I 
could  see  through  the  windows,  has  that  most  rare  finish  for  an  English 
parish  church,  a  stone- vaulted  roof.  You  will  therefore  judge  of  my  dis- 
appointment at  having  to  satisfy  myself  with  this  glimpse  through  the 
windows,  it  being  impossible  to  make  out  the  whereabouts  of  the  key^. 
Binham  Priory  I  have  already  mentioned  as  one  of  the  best  examples  of 
the  complete  parish  church  formed  within  the  nave  of  a  large  minster.  As 
fur  as  I  could  make  out  from  the  ruins,  it  struck  me  that  the  east  end  must 
have  had  an  apse,  with  something  like  the  retrochoir  at  Peterborough 
beyond  it.  The  group  of  places  called  Bumham  contain  one  or  two  churches 

^  STLVAKTrs  Ubban  will  be  obliged  if  any  of  his  Norfolk  friends  can  supply  him 
with  a  plan  and  sketches  of  these  interesting  ruins. 

^  At  Beeston  a  Priory  of  Austin  Canons  was  founded  in  the  time  of  King  John 
or  Henry  III.  by  Lady  Margai'et  de  Cressy.    (Mon.  Aug.,  vi.  668.) 

'  SYLVAKcrB  Ubban  was  more  fortunate  than  Mr.  Freeman  when  he  visited  this 
remarkable  church  in  1845 ;  he  succeeded  in  finding  the  key  and  gained  admittance. 
The  chancel  has  a  groined  vault,  but  low,  and  has  a  room  or  chapel  over  it,  an  ar- 
rangement which  is  not  common,  but  which  occurs  in  some  other  instances.  The  seven 
lancets  at  the  east  end  are  divided  by  shafts  into  separate  windows,  each  with  its  own 
dripstone,  connected  by  the  terminating  bosses ;  there  is  a  reoess  for  the  altar  uncler  the 
east  window,  and  one  for  the  Easter  sepulchre  on  the  north  side,  and  the  sedilia  have 
trefoiled  arches  under  square  heads.  The  windows  have  Perpendicular  tracery  inserted, 
and  there  are,  or  were,  remains  of  a  fine  Perpendicular  screen  and  stalls.  A  Carmelite 
Friary  was  founded  at  Blakeney  about  the  24th  Edward  I.,  kJ),  1296,  and  the  build- 
tngi  were  completed  in  1321.    (Mon.  Ang.,  vi.  1,572.) 


72  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban,  [J^ly, 

worth  notice,  but  the  next  great  object,  and  the  last  in  my  present  East- 
Anglian  tour,  was  the  noble  Decorated  church  at  Snettisham.  Its  choir 
and  north  transept  are  gone ;  I  do  not  know  whether  the  choir  belonged 
to  any  dissolved  foundation,  or  whether  it  is  simply  an  instance  of  the  yile 
Norfolk  custom — of  which  Cromer  is  so  infamous  an  example — of  letting 
the  chancel  go  to  ruin  without  even  this  shadow  of  an  excuse.  One 
naturally  compares  Snettisham  with  Cley.  Nave  against  nave,  it  is  hard 
to  tell  which  to  prefer ;  the  proportions  are  better  at  Cley,  and  the  clere- 
story is  much  finer,  but  the  clustered  pillars  at  Snettisham  have  a  great 
advantage  over  the  mere  octagons  at  Cley.  Taking  the  two  churches  as 
wholes,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  cruciform  shape — the  transepts  at 
Cley  are  mere  transeptal  chapels — the  noble  west  front,  and  the  grand 
tower  and  spire,  put  Snettisham,  as  an  architectural  design,  far  above  its 
rival. 

I  will  end  these  rather  desultory  remarks  with  a  story.  You  perhaps 
know  how  three  adjoining  shops  in  Oxford  used  to  make  up  the  sentence 
**  "Wise  Parsons  Hunt."  This  sentiment  I  leave  to  be  judged  of  by  the 
new  Regius  Professor  of  History  at  Cambridge,  but  there^  can  be  no  doubt 
that  "  Wise  Parsons"  leave  the  key  of  the  church  with  the  clerk.  To  be 
sure,  some  extra  wise  ones  on  the  marches  of  Worcestershire  and  Glouces- 
tershire keep  their  churches  always  open,  but  this  is  a  sort  of  senior  wran- 
glership  in  wisdom  which  one  cannot  look  for  in  every  one.  But  he  is 
decidedly  an  unwise  parson  who  makes  every  wandering  antiquary  come  to 
his  house,  and  he  is  extra  unwise  who  submits  them  to  a  personal  cate- 
chism. Such  an  one  I  came  across  in  the  course  of  my  East-Anglian 
rambles,  a  goodly  man,  in  a  fine  M.B.  waistcoat,  who  clearly  "  thought 
no  small  beer"  of  himself.  I  made  my  best  bow — ^tlie  best  at  least  that 
a  wide-awake  allowed — and  asked  leave  to  see  the  inside  of  the  church. 
"  I  am  very  willing  to  show  my  church,  but  I  must  first  know  who 
people  are  whom  I  admit."  I  told  him  my  name.  "  I  don't  know  you" 
—  proving,  I  ventured  to  think,  ignorance  of  Sylvanus  XJbban  as 
well.  Being  asked  again,  I  told  him  at  greater  length.  Then  came  the 
climax.  "  I  don't  know  you.  Do  you  know  me  ?  Are  you  a  Norfolk 
tnanP^*  This  last  escapade  might  have  divided  one  between  anger  and 
laughter,  had  not  the  sight  of  one  of  the  finest  parochial  interiors  in 
England  been  at  stake,  and  had  I  not  had  visions  of  a  patriotic  East- 
Anglian  posse  comitates  gathering,  at  their  pastor's  bidding,  to  take 
summary  vengeance  on  the  profane  Mercian  or  West-Saxon  intruder.  At 
last  however  the  great  man  somehow  became  mollified,  and,  non-Norfolk 
man  as  I  was,  I  was  admitted  within  the  walls  of  the  East-Anglian  sanc- 
tuary. I  cannot  say  however  that  I  was  quite  in  the  same  frame  of  mind 
for  enjoying  its  beauties  as  in  the  case  of  those  churches  where  I  had  not 
to  go  through  a  purgatory  of  insolence  before  I  made  my  way  within  the 
precincts  of  paradise.     Where  this  happened  I  will  not  say,  further  than 


I860.]  Steeton  Hall,  Sherbum-in-Ulmet^  Yorkshire.  73 

that  it  was  at  one  of  the  noblest  fourteenth-century  churches  in  Norfolk 
and  not  at  Cley-next-the-Sea. 

I  can  say,  from  very  extensive  experience,  that  impertinence,  incivility,  or 
anything  but  courtesy  and  something  much  more  than  courtesy,  is  the  rarest 
thing  in  the  world  on  the  part  of  an  English  clergyman.  Their  fault  is 
certainly  quite  on  the  other  side,  an  occasional  tendency  to  killing  one  with 
kindness.  Still,  if  only  as  a  remarkable  natural  phsenomenon,  it  is  just  as 
well  that  antiquaries  in  general  should  know  how  curious  a  specimen  to 
the  contrary  may  be  found  under  the  shadow  of  one  of  the  finest  parish 
churches  in  England.  I  am,  &c., 

Edwaed  a.  Ebeeman. 

Cannockf  Stafford,  June  Sth,  1860. 


STEETON  HALL,  SHERBURN-IN-ELMET,  YORKSHIRE. 

Mb.  UBBAier, — ^The  traveller  into  York-  can  alone  decipher  by  the  doubtful  light 

shire  by  the  North- Eastern  R^way,  who  of  mediseval  heraldry,  yet  planted  about 

should  leave  the  line  at  the  well-known  Mil-  with  stately  trees,  and  with  a  notable  air 

ford  Junction,  and  cross  the  flat  meadows  of  old  gentility ;  it  is  a  fine  example  of 

and  plough-lands  towards  Milford  village,  those  mysterious  monuments  which  are 

would  come,  in  about  two  miles  or  under,  felt  to  constitute  such  a  principal  charm 

to  a  manor-house  of  the  middle  ages,  called  of  wandering  through  historic  lands  like 

"  Steeton  HaU."    It  seems  almost  to  have  ours. 

iped  observation,  for  I  have  failed  to  We  pass  through  the  village  of  Milford, 


find  more  than  one  short  mention  of  it;  and  having  pursued  for  a  short  distance 

bat  it  well  deserves  inspection  and  study  further  a  narrow  country  road,  turn  at 

as  a  curious  vestige  of  early  domestic  length  through  a  stile  and  cross  a  mea- 

architecture  in  more  than  one  style,  and  dow,  and  find  ourselves  suddenly,  before 

as  a  copioas  and  well-preserved  record,  we  are  aware,  under  a  Gothic  gateway  of 

through  its  thirty  sculptured  shields  of  good  proportions,  lavishly  adorned  with 

arms,  of  ancient  family  tenure,  neighbour-  arms  and   sculpture,  through  which  we 

hood,  and  alliance.  pass  into  the    court-yard  of  the  house. 

The  house  is  now  so  small  and  ruined,  which  stands  retired  from  the  gate  about 

such  a  mere  irregular  fragment  of  what  fifty  paces. 

it  has  been,  and  withal  so  altered  in  our  This  gateway,  being  the  fbst  thing  that 

own  time,  that  it  is  perhaps  impossible  to  presents  itself,  shall  be  made  the  first  ob- 

restore,  even  in  imagination,  its  original  ject  of  our  present  description.     It  is 

form  and  proportions ;  and  the  points  of  handsomely  built  of  fine  ashlar  masonry, 

curiosity  which    remain    about    it  must  out  of  the  magnetian  Umestone  of  the  snr- 

therefore  be  taken  singly,  for  their  own  rounding  district,  and  must  be  regarded 

separate  interest,  rather  than  as  connected  as  a  work  of  the  fifteenth  century,  though 

portions  of  a  uniform  and  intelligible  struc-  there  are  forms  and  mouldings  used  in  its 

tore.    Broken  now  in  all  directions,  and  construction  which  at  first  sight  appear 

in  many  places  disguised  by  thick  masses  to  be  incongruous,  and  which  might  po6« 

of  closely  embracing  ivy,  its  cracks  and  ubly  puzzle  an  experienced  observer  who 

angles  rank  with  male  fern  and  the  com-  should  not  carefully  consider  it  as  a  whole, 

mon  spleen-wort,  its  story  all  immemorial  Perplexed  with  Norman-looking  vault- 

and  forgotten,  with  no  clue  nor  record  of  ing  and  arches,  with  lancet-looking  and 

its  ancient  lords  but  such  as  an  antiquary  geometrical  mouldings,  with  square-headed 


74 


Correspondence  of  Sylvama  Urban. 


[July, 


trefoil  and  ogee-headed  doors,  and  shields 
of  arms  that  shew  the  present  differences^ 
and  therefore  can  scarcely  he  earlier  than 
the  last  half  of  the  fifteenth  centnry,  there 
18  yet  no  appearance  of  the  shields  having 
been  later  insertions,  nor  of  the  whole 
work  being  other  than  one  and  cotem- 
poraneous.  'With  a  very  singular  absence 
of  the  usual  distinctive  marks,  the  general 
fades  must  be  described  as  Perpendicular, 

It  may  be  proper,  if  possible,  in  such 
a  case  as  this,  to  discuss  the  gateway  with 
a  minuteness  of  detail  which  may  enable 
the  reader  to  judge  of  it  for  himself.  It  is 
a  quadrangular  structure,  with  two  arched 
passages  as  usual — the  principal  one  in  the 
centre  for  horsemen  and  carriages,  and 
the  other,  to  the  left  of  it,  narrow  for  foot- 
men.  Hinges  remain  in  the  outer  wall, 
ehewing  that  these  two  entrances  were 
formerly  defended  on  that  side  by  strong 
doors.  Tlieir  arches  are  both  segmental- 
headed,  and  the  smaller  approaches  nearly 
to  a  semicircle.  They  fall  into  the  jambs 
continuously,  without  capitals,  and  with  a 
simple  chamfer;  in  the  smaller  arch  the 
chamfer  is  hollowed.  The  groining  of 
each  archway  is  of  the  fashion  commonly 
seen  in  Norman  work.  Thus  the  principal 
entrance  is  under  a  simple  vault,  with 
square  ribs  crossing  diagonally  in  two  round 
arches,  and  joining  the  opposite  angles. 
These  ribs  rest  on  corbels,  three  of  which 
are  nondescript,  while  the  fourth  has  an 
under  chamfered  Norman  aspect.  The 
smaller  passage  has  a  cylindrical  vault, 
with  a  parallel  set  of  round  sub-arches, 
like  the  aisles  of  small  Norman  churches. 
There  is  a  chamber  over  each  vault,  with 
approaches  from  the  court-yard.  A  spiral 
stair  starting  from  a  plain  round  door  on 
the  ground,  and  terminating  in  a  square- 
headed  trefoil,  leads  into  the  larger  room 
above;  and  an  external  flight  of  stone 
steps  through  an  acute  ogee  arch  into  the 
smaller.  The  square-headed  trefoil  has 
a  carved  head  under  each  cusp  in  the  sof- 
fit, with  an  ornamental  effect ;  but  there 
is,  as  I  have  said,  a  marked  absence  of 
characteristic  mouldings,  indioating  date 
through  all  the  features  of  this  gateway. 

The  larger  chamber  has  a  low  gabled 
roof^  slated  with  thick  stone,  within  the 


square  and  plainly-embattled  top  of  the 
gateway,  which  overhangs  somewhat  above 
the  corbel-table.  It  was  lighted  towards 
the  north  or  north-east,  in  the  outer  front, 
by  a  square-headed  trefoil,  on  which  side 
there  is  a  projecting  chimney  belonging  to 
this  room,  supported  on  a  curious  small 
corbel- table  of  men's  heads  and  cats'  heads ; 
towards  the  house  it  was  lighted  by  a 
plain  ogee.  A  simple  quatrefoil  on  the 
east  or  south-east  lighted  the  smaller 
chamber.  A  gargoyle  in  either  firont  pro- 
jects from  the  centre  of  the  wall. 

The  overhanging  parapet  of  the  gate- 
way rests  on  a  remarkable  oorbel-table  of 
armorial  shields,  alternating  with  the  usual 
conventional  scalpture;  and  these  arms, 
before  they  perish,  may  deserve  such  record 
as  I  can  now  furnish,  with  a  view  to  their 
interpretation.  Away  from  libraries  I  can 
at  present  identify  but  few  of  them  with 
certainty,  though  doubtless  we  have  here 
abundant  materials  for  an  unwritten  chap- 
ter of  old  county  and  family  history.  I 
saw  them  hastily  too,  and  must  speak  of 
them  according  to  my  limited  opportu- 
nities. The  bearings,  so  far  as  they  could 
be  certainly  read  without  a  glass,  may  be 
thus  registered  in  order,  if  I  suppose  my- 
self standing  under  the  outer  front,  and 
reckoning  round  from  left  to  right : — 

(1.)  A  chevron  hetioeen  8  Uong  ram- 
pant.  This  coat  occurs  also  in  ancient 
glass  in  the  west  window  of  the  parish 
church,  viz.  Sherburn-in-Elmet,  with  the 
arms  of  Cardinal  Kemp,  Roos,  Ry ther,  Vi- 
pont,  and  others.  Also  on  the  south-west 
buttress  of  the  debased  tower,  and  on  the 
outer  door  of  the  porch.  The  field  is  gu., 
the  chevron  erm.,  the  lions  or.  It  proba- 
bly must  represent  Lanffton  of  Yorkshire, 
though  I  have  not  been  able  to  connect 
that  family  with  Sherbum  or  Steeton; 
and  evidently  points  to  the  period  of  Car- 
dinal John  Kemp,  titular  of  St  Balbina 
and  legate  of  the  Holy  See,  who  was 
Archbishop  of  York  from  1426  to  1451, 
and  had  a  palace  close  by  Sherburn  Church, 
of  which  the  earthworks,  partly  enclosed 
in  the  churchyard,  are  stiU  plain  to  be 
seen. 

(2.)  A  bend  indented  with  estoiU  in 
sinister  chief  comer  (?  Beigate). 


I860.]         Steeton  Hall,  Sherbum-in-Elmet,  Yorkshire. 


75 


(3.)  A  lend  qf5Jktsils  conjoined  at  their 
obtuse  angles.  This  bearing  is  upon  an 
oval  shield  set  bendwise  on  the  bracket. 
It  represents  the  name  and  family  of  Rey- 
gaie  of  Steeton,  and  is  referred  to  in  the 
following  passage  of  Gough's  Camden  (m. 
288),  which  contains  the  only  notice  that 
I  have  seen  of  this  house : — "  Not  far  from 
Sherburne  to  the  south-west  is  Steeton, 
or  Stiveton  Hall,  formerly  a  seat  of  the 
fSunily  of  Reygate,  which  came  by  mar- 
riage many  years  ago  to  the  family  of 
Foljambe  of  Aldwark,  and  is  the  property 
of  Frauds  Farrand  Foljambe,  Esq.,  who 
is  lord  of  the  manor.  A  great  deal  of  the 
<^d  building  is  standing,  but  some  of  it  in 
rains,  about  which  are  the  arms  of  Reygate 
and  other  families  in  the  stone-work." 

Tlus  coat,  with  an  annulet  for  differ- 
eace,  occurs  twice  in  stone  upon  the  porch 
of  Sherburn  Church.  Also,  without  the 
annulet,  it  may  be  seen  in  a  small  chapel 
opening  eastward  out  of  the  porch,  at- 
tached to  a  fragment  of  a  beautiful  rood 
figured  in  Dr.  Whittaker's  "  Loidis  and 
Elmete,"  which  was  dug  up  many  years 
ago  in  a  comer  of  the  churchyard,  and 
having  two  similar  faces,  was  sawn  in  two, 
one  half  being  placed  in  this  porch*chapel 
at  Sherburn,  and  the  other  set  over  an  old 
front  door  at  Steeton  HalL 

The  Steeton  half  is  still  to  be  seen  there, 
mnch  decayed  but  very  handsome,  and  a 
striking  object  as  one  enters  through  the 
gateway.  This  Reygate  coat,  repeated 
agun  on  this  corbel-table,  and  also,  as  we 
■hall  soon  see,  on  the  house  itself,  when 
taken  in  connection  with  Gough's  notice 
just  quoted,  informs  us  that  great  part  of 
what  now  remains  at  Steeton  was  built 
by  that  family  during  their  tenure.  But 
how  they  became  possessed  of  the  place  at 
first,  or  when  it  passed  from  them  by 
marriage  to  the  Foljambes,  (as  Qough 
■ays,)  I  have  nowhere  yet  been  able  to 
discover.  A  passage  in  the  Collee.  Topog, 
et  Geneal,  (L  361)  relates  that,  « In  37 
Henry  VIII.  the  King  grants  to  Godfrey 
Foljambe,  Sen.,  and  Godfrey  Foljambe, 
Jun.,  the  custody  of  the  manor  of  Steeton, 
Com.  Ebor.,  and  200  acres  of  land,  40  acres 
of  meadow,  100  acres  of  waste,  and  20 
acres  of  land  in  Steeton,"  &c 


It  will  be  seen,  when  we  come  to  speak 
of  the  chapel,  that  the  foundation  of  the 
house  probably  dates  back  to  the  end  of 
the  twelfth  or  beginning  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  somewhere  about  the  year  1200. 

(4.)  Three  estoiles,  2  andl,  and  a  can* 
ton  dexter. 

(5.)  A  chevron  between  3  goats*  (?)  heada 
eouped, 

(6.)  ....  icithin  .  .  .  cross-croslets 
fitchy  in  orle.  This  may  probably  be  the 
second  quartering  of  the  Ry  ther  coat,  for- 
merly, if  not  now,  existing  in  glass  in 
Harewood  Great  Hall,  viz.,  "  Arg.,  a  lioQ's 
head  erased  between  8  cross-croslets  fitchy 
in  orle  az." 

(7.)  Party  per  bend  2  bars ;  (or,  over 
2  bars  a  lend.)  (?  Leghe  of  Middleton.) 

(8.)  Reygate,  with  the  annulet. 

(9.)  A  chevron  between  3  leopards? 
faces,    (?  PoUington,  or  Wentworth.) 

(10.)  A  chevron  bretessy  between  8 
storks'  (?)  heads  erased, 

(11.)  Quarterly  of^a  bend  sinister, 

(12.)  Two  bars  between  8  martlets,  8, 2, 
2,  and  1.     (?  Marley.) 

(13.)  A  chevron  between  3  fiewr-de-lys, 
(?  Belasyze,  Lowther,  Pickering,  Green.) 

(14.)  A  ,  ,  ,  .  with  a  label  of  S  points 
in  chief, 

(15.)  On  a  chief  (or  in  chief)  3  crossei 
formy. 

This  coat  may  be  the  one  mentioned  by 
Gough  as  formerly  to  be  seen  amongst 
other  quarterings,  on  a  large  stone  pre- 
served in  his  time  in  the  vestry  at  Sher- 
burne, "which  appears  to  have  been  a 
monument  or  part  of  one."  It  belonged 
probably  to  a  tomb  of  the  Langtons,  as  it 
shewed  the  "lion  and  chevron"  coat  (No. 
1  in  this  list)  impaling  quarterly  of  6, 
and  in  the  third  quarter  *'  3  crosses  patty 
in  chief." 

(16.)  Two  bars  getnels  and  a  chief. 
(?  Thomhill  or  MeynilL) 

(17.)  A  lion  rampant,  (?  Aldburgh  of 
Harewood  Castle.) 

The  principal  devices  that  alternate 
with  these  shields  on  the  corbel-table  are 
a  coiled  and  eared  serpent,  a  man's  head 
with  a  bird,  an  estoiled  boss,  a  wreathed 
head  as  on  Roman  coins,  grotesque  heads 
and  mask,  a  monkey,  another  monkey 


76 


Corretpondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[July, 


with  conventional  tail  over  back,  a  ram's 
head,  &c. 

We  proceed  now  from  the  gateway  to 
the  house  itself.  Its  shattered  ruin, 
patched  in  various  bad  styles  and  periods, 
may  be  described  as  consisting  of  a  centre 
and  one  wing,  the  former  with  a  mode- 
rately ancient  "  debased*'  door,  now  deco- 
rated with  the  Sherbum  rood;  and  the 
latter  with  a  row  of  old  shields  under  the 
eaves,  contemporaneous,  and  in  good  part 
identical,  with  those  on  the  gateway  just 
recorded.  The  wing  includes  the  Early 
Pginted  chapel,  the  most  curious  vestige 
that  time  has  left  here.  There  is  a  coat 
of  arms  over  the  debased  door,  of  compa- 
ratively recent  aspect,  and  probably  point- 
ing to  some  "restorer,"  viz.,  A  chevron 
engrailed  between  3  suns  in  splendour.  It 
ought  of  course  to  be  easy  to  appropriate 
this  shield;  but  for  want  of  references 
I  have  not  been  able  to  determine  it 
hitherto. 

The  chapel,  a  spiral  staircase  now  de- 
stroyed, and  an  old  fireplace  of  great 
capacity,  were  the  only  curiosities  that  I 
could  see  or  hear  of  in  the  interior. 

The  first  alone  requires  description.  No 
longer  a  chapel  now,  it  has  been  dese- 
crated many  years,  and  divided  into  three 
compartments,  a  side  passage,  parlour,  and 
dining-room.  In  the  two  former  of  these 
the  very  curious  low  early -lancet  groining 
has  been  suffered  to  remain,  an  example 
of  unusual  simplicity  and  interest;  but 
unfortunately  removed  in  the  latter,  and 
replaced  by  a  common  ceiling.  This  roof 
has  only  cross-springer  and  diagonal  ribs 
very  rudely  chamfered,  which  fall  down 
low  into  the  walls  on  each  side.  There  is 
no  ridge-rib  nor  boss  in  the  apex  of  the 
vault,  the  height  of  which  is  inconsider- 
able. In  one  corner  of  what  is  now  the 
dining-room  may  still  be  seen  the  old 
piscina,  declaring  the  original  use  of  the 
place.  It  is  ogee-headed  and  large,  of  less 
antiquity  than  the  chapel.  In  the  en- 
closing walls  are  several  no-style  windows, 
not  deserving  description.  One,  however, 
appears  to  be  the  work  of  the  Keigates, 
judging  from  its  style  and  the  shields 
above  it.  It  is  a  single  light,  with  tre- 
foiled  cusping  and  ogee  head.    The  wall 

9 


in  which  this  light  is  set,  and  which  is 
surmounted  by  the  row  of  arms  next  to 
be  quoted,  is  much  later  than  the  groined 
roof  within,  so  far  at  least  as  the  outer 
face  and  upper  part  are  concerned. 

The  shields  from  left  to  right  come 
thus : — 

(1.)  Reygate,  with  the  annulet. 

(2.)  A  masonic  device  with  compasses 
and  square  (on  a  shield). 

(3.)  On  a  chiefs  crosses  formy. 

(4.)  A  fess  and  label  of  5  points, 
(?  Birkin.) 

(5.)  Three  sexfoils,  2  and  1.  (?  Darcy.) 

(6.)  Quarterly  of^a  bend  sinister, 

(7.)  Three  crescents,  2  and  1.  Ryther 
of  Ryther  and  Harewood.  This  coat  is 
in  old  glass  in  the  west  window  of  Sher- 
bum. 

(8.)  Reygate,  with  estoile  in  place  of 
annulet, 

(9.)  Fusily.     (?  Pitzwilliam.) 

(10.)  Ryther  again. 

(11.)  A  lion  rampant.     (?  Aldburgh.) 

(12.)  Party  per  fess  dancetty.  (?  Va- 
vasour.) 

(13.)  Freity  of  8  pieces,  (P  Huddle- 
ston.) 

Alternating  with  these  arms  are  other 
sculptures,  as  on  the  gateway,  viz.,  a  head, 
an  estoile,  a  fieur-de-lys,  a  sexfoil  sur- 
rounded by  nine  stars  all  within  a  circle, 
a  geometrical  device  with  circles  and 
squares,  and  a  calfs  head.  But  chief  pre- 
eminently among  these,  in  the  estimation 
of  the  villagers  around,  is  the  figure  of 
some  animal,  apparently  an  ass,  which 
has  been  held  in  immemorial  superstition 
by  the  vulgar  of  the  neighbourhood,  and 
known  as  "  Steeton  Beckitt."  It  is  dis- 
tinguished from  the  other  sculpture  of  the 
oorbcl-table  by  a  somewhat  larger  size, 
and  by  being  made  the  support  of  a  small 
bartizan  or  projecting  turret ;  and,  as  the 
popular  story  goes,  this  "  Reckitt"  con- 
veyed the  stone  for  building  the  house 
fr>om  quarries  beyond  Milford  Junction. 
The  present  occupier,  Mr.  Kelsey,  who  ii 
reasonably  much  interested  in  the  history 
of  St«eton,  and  pleased  to  shew  it  to  any 
visitor,  told  me  this  old-fashioned  story, 
which  I  had  previously  heard  with  slight 
local  differences  in  many  other  parts  of 


I860.]  Steeton  Hall,  Sherbum-in-Elmet,  Yorkshire. 


77 


England,  and  which  will  doubtless  be  re- 
cognised by  many  readers. 

In  the  south  aisle  of  the  nave  of  Sher- 
bom  Church  was  formerly  a  chantry  be- 
longing to  this  house,  and  still  called  the 
"Steeton  Chapel/'  in  which  the  piscina 
remains.  Here  are  three  low-arched  re- 
ceases  in  the  wall,  extending  westward 
towards  the  porch,  which  may,  some  time, 
have  held  eflSgies  of  the  founder  and  his 
family;  but  all  that  is  out  of  mind.  A 
mural  taUet,  however,  set  over  the  piscina, 
remembers  Peter  Foljambe  of  Steeton, 
who  died  in  1668.  Here  are  his  arms,  and 
crest,  and  a  Latin  legend.  He  bears  a 
be»d  hetfoeen  6  escallops,  impaling  a  chev* 
ro»  between  8  crosses  fwmy  fitchy,  for 
the  names  of  Fo\jambe  and  Wooderoffe ; 
the  lady  was  a  coheiress. 

There  are  four  fiur  Perpendicular  win- 
dows in  this  chantry,  but  of  new  appear- 
ance. This  noble  church  has  recently 
been  restored. 

There  are  at  least  two  other  Steetons, 
or  (more  properly)  Stivetons,  in  Yorkshire, 
at  no  great  distance  from  our  Steeton-in- 
Sherbum.  This  circumstance  is  liable  to 
lead  to  confusion,  in  consulting  records 
about  any  of  the  three,  unless  proper  care 
be  taken  to  distinguish  between  them. 
One  of  these  is  Steeton  of  the  Fairfaxes, 
near  Bolton  Percy;  and  the  other  is 
Steeton-in-Airedale,  an  ancient  manor  of 
the  Plumptons,  held  under  the  Lords 
Percy.  I  am  indebted  to  a  gentleman  in 
Oxford  for  some  extracts  from  Dodsworth's 
MSS.  relating  to  these  Steetons;  but  it 
is  not  possible,  in  every  case,  to  infer  which 
is  meant,  without  special  investigation. 

The  following  seem  to  point  plainly  to 
Steeton-in-Sherbum : — 

"  Ralph  de  Wilgeby  gives  ten  marks  for 
•eisin  of  lands  in  Steeton  and  Micklegate, 
which  he  holds  of  the  Archbishop  of  York." 
(?  Walter  de  Grey.)— MS.  cxxiv.,  85. 

A  "  Con6rmation  by  the  Pope  of  a  deed 
of  Ralph  Wileby  and  Robert  his  son 
granting  lands  in  Sherbnm  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  chaplun  at  Steveton." — (cxxv.  4.) 

The  date  of  this  deed  is  unfortunately 

not  sufficiently  expressed  in  the  MS. ;  but 

it  is  apparently  to  the  ancient  family  of 

Wileby  that    wo    are    to  look    for    the 

Geht.  Mao.  Vol.  CCiX. 


founders  of  the  house  and  chapel  at  Stee- 
ton, probably  early  in  the  thirteenth 
century, 

A  "  Charter  of  Walter,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  endowing  the  Treasurership 
of  York  with  the  tithes  of  Steeton,  Sher- 
burne, &c.,  on  its  separation  from  the 
Archdeaconry :  1313— 1327."— (cxxv.  86.) 

Finally,  it  is  manifest  that  while  I  have 
attempted  to  pourtray  as  exactly  as  pos- 
sible the  architectural  peculiarities,  herald- 
ical  curiosities,  and  present  condition  of 
Steeton  Hall,  I  have  yet  left  its  history 
much  as  I  found  it,  in  a  condition  of 
almost  total  obscurity.  I  am  entitled  to 
attribute  it  to  my  distance  from  libraries 
that  I  have  ascertained  nothing  about  the 
Wilebys,  beyond  the  presumption  that 
a  family  of  that  name  founded  the  old 
house  and  chapel  somewhere  about  the 
year  1200;  little  or  nothing  about  the 
Reigates,  who,  succeeding  to  it  at  some 
time  to  me  unknown,  reared  the  gateway 
and  mnch  of  the  house  about  the  middle 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  and  were  gone 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  when  it 
seems  to  have  passed  to  the  Foljambes  of 
Aldwark  (as  Gough  says)  by  marriage; 
and  nothing  of  Steeton  since  the  Fol- 
jambes sold  it,  except  that  it  is  now  the 
property  of  a  gentleman  named  Paver. 
The  thirty-one  shields  of  arms  that  yet 
remain  on  the  edifice  are  (mainly,  I  think, 
for  the  same  reason)  very  partially  iden- 
tified, and  scarcely  at  all  accounted  for  in 
this  description.  These  are  the  points 
that  remain  to  be  elucidated.  Still  I 
have  done  what  I  could;  and  it  may  be 
something  to  have  called  attention  to  such 
a  place,  hidden  (as  it  is)  among  trees,  in 
a  low  situation,  and  obscure  locality,  out 
of  sight  of  ordinary  travellers.  It  may 
incline  some  Yorkshire  antiquary,  with 
greater  opportunities  and  facilities  than 
I  have  had,  to  work  the  several  matters 
at  present  left  doubtful  into  their  proper 
connection  and  historical  relationship.  If 
this  be  done,  then  the  meagre  account 
which  I  conclude  to-day  will  seem  to  re- 
ceive a  sufficient  justification. 

I  am,  &c., 

T.  W.  NOBWOOD. 

Cheltenham,  May  10, 1860. 


78 


[July, 


HISTORICiX  AND  MISCELLANEOTJS  REVIEWS. 


A  Concise  History  of  England,  By 
John  Edwabds,  Author  of  "A  Hist<J^ 
of  the  English  Language."  (Longmans.) 
— We  have  never  been  so  fortunate  as  to 
meet  with  Mr.  Edwards'  "  History  of  the 
English  Language/'  but  if  we  may  judge 
of  that  work  by  the  present,  we  have  not 
much  cause  for  regret.  This  "  History" 
is  described  by  the  writer  as  "  an  attempt 
to  narrate  in  a  concise  but  interesting 
manner  the  leading  events  of  English 
history,  from  the  earliest  times  to  our 
own  day;"  he  has  treated  "an  old  and 
^miliar  subject  with  some  freshness  and 
originality,"  and  his  labours,  he  presumes, 
"  may  be  of  use  to  studious  members  of 
our  Working  Men's  Colleges  and  Me- 
chanics' Institutions."  We  have  a  sincere 
respect  for  the  promoters  and  students 
of  such  establishments,  and  we  therefore 
advise  them  to  have  nothing  to  do  with 
it.  It  is  quite  as  bad  a  book  as  any  of  the 
School  Histories  that  passed  under  our 
notice  some  time  since  *,  and  the  fact  that 
a  respectable  house  has  been  found  to  pub- 
lish it,  shews  that  not  much  progress  as 
has  yet  been  made  in  the  much -needed 
rectification  of  our  small  Histories  of 
England. 

As  this  is  a  book  of  some  pretension, 
it  may  be  necessary  to  notice  the  "  view  " 
of  its  author.  This,  we  are  happy  to  find, 
is  ultra-Liberal,  and  Church  and  King  are 
very  properly  subordinated  to  the  "  fourth 
estate."  A  sort  of  resumS  of  the  British 
constitution  occurs  near  the  end,  in  which, 
with  an  eye  probably  to  the  **  Usurpation 
by  the  Lords"  question,  the  reader  is  told 
that  the  House  of  Peers  "have  no  right 
to  interfere  with  money  bills ;"  statements 
of  the  supreme  power  of  the  Commons 
turn  up  every  now  and  then,  and  of  course 
in  all  contests  authority  is  shewn  always 
to  have  been  in  the  wrong.  The  sentence 
on  Charles  I.  "was,  perhaps,  unjust  and 
cruel,  but  he  was  the  victim  of  his  own 

■  Gent.  Mao.,  March,  1859,  p.  261,  and  June, 
p.  594. 


obstinacy  and  insincerity ;"  Cromwell  was 
"  the  greatest  prince  that  has  ever  ruled 
England;"  the  ejected  ministers  of  St. 
Bartholomew's  day  were  "  the  most  pious 
and  learned  in  England ; "  and  the  Cove- 
nanters |were  ^"  an  inoffensive  population, 
whoso  only  crime  was  their  desire  to  wor- 
ship God  according  to  their  own  con- 
sciences." 

It  is  possible  that  some  "  studious  mem- 
bers of  working  men's    colleges"  may, 
from  want  of  sufiicient  information,  not 
readily  see  the  fallacy  of  such  statements 
as  these,  and  we  shall  not  lose  time  in 
arguing  upon  them ;  we  prefer  to  cite  a 
few  instances  of  the  ridiculous  inaccuracy 
as  to  well-known  matters  of  fact  which 
we  meet  with   in  every  page,  and   our 
readers  may  then  judge  for  themselves  as 
to  the  value  of  the  opinions  of  so  super- 
ficial a  writer.   To  begin  with  early  times, 
we  learn  from  Mr.  Edwards,  what  we  do 
not  find  in  CsBSir's  Commentaries,  that  at 
his  first  coming  he  passed  "  but  four  days 
in  Britain,"  and  at  his  second,  that  Cas- 
sivclaunus  submitted  to  Cssar,  "  and  his 
example  was  followed  by  the  great  tribe 
of  the  Trinobantes."     We   also  see  that 
Boadicea   was  "marching   home  in   tri- 
umph" when  defeated  by  Suetonius,  which 
is  a  valuable  correction  of  the  statement 
of  older  writers.    We  also  see  that  Carau- 
sius  was  "  a  piratical  chief,"  and  the  three 
chiules  of  Hengist  and  Horsa  are  pom- 
pously described  as  "  a  Saxon  squadron  in 
the  Channel." 

As  we  get  lower  down  in  the  stream 
of  history,  we  are  gratified  to  learn  that 
Egbert  "  had  been  educated  at  the  Court 
of  Charlemagne  in  France ;"  that  Alfred 
defeated  Hubba  and  took  the  raven  banner 
in  Devonshire  at  the  very  time  that  he 
was  hiding  in  Atholney ;  but  we  are  con- 
cerned to  say,  that  we  have  not  the  story 
about  the  burnt  cakes.  However,  we  find 
other  things  nearly  as  true ;  as  that  Har- 
dicanuto,  who  dnp^  up  his  brother's  body 
and  betrayed  Eadulf,  was  "  of  a  mild  and 


I860.] 


Edwards^ a  Concise  History  of  England. 


79 


generons  character,  and  a  good  governor ;" 
that  Stigand  crowned  William  I.;  and  that 
the  curfew  was  a  Saxon  precaution  against 
fire,  which  he  revived. 

Better  authorities  than  Mr.  Edwards 
have  maintained  that  Becket  was  a  Saxon, 
and  therefore  we  shall  not  quarrel  with 
him  for  that,  but  we  see  something  new 
in  the  penance  of  Henry,  who  "walked 
on  his  hare  knees  seven  times  round  the 
tomb  of  A'Becket."  There  is  equally  the 
charm  of  novelty  about  the  statement 
that  Richard  I.  was  mortally  wounded 
before  Chinon ;  that  the  wife  of  Edward 
I.  was  called  Philippa  of  Hoinault ;  that 
**  Hotspur,  Earl  Percy,"  was  the  son  of 
the  "Duke  of  Northumberland,"  and  that 
Douglas  was  killed  with  him  at  Shrews- 
bury. We  were  not  aware  before,  that 
Thorpe  the  Lollard  was  burnt  with  Sau- 
tre;  and  we  thought  that  the  French 
fiictions  were  the  Orleanists  and  Burgun- 
dians,  but  we  readily  bow  to  the  decision 
that  they  were  "the  Orleanists  and  Ar- 
magnacs."  Henry  VI.,  too,  we  are  pleased 
to  find,  was  crowned  king  of  France  at 
Paris,  when  but  a  few  months  old.  We 
leam  also  that  the  Duke  of  Gloucester  was 
"  committed  to  the  Tower,  where  he  was 
shortly  afberwards  found  dead;"  and  it 
may  interest  antiquarian  readers  to  be 
told  that  Doomsday  is  now  preserved  in 
that  fortress. 

The  brief  reigpi  of  Edward  V.  is  told 
with  some  important  variations  from  the 
received  account.  "  The  young  King  and 
his  brother  were  taken  to  London  by  their 
mother  Elizabeth;"  "Earl  Hastings"  is 
"  one  of  the  Queen's  friends ;"  it  is  after 
the  princes  are  lodged  in  the  Tower  that 
Gloucester  "commences"  his  machina- 
tions; and  it  is  only  after  he  has  been 
chosen  king  that  he  "  hastens  to  London," 
which  would  seem  to  exonerate  him  from 
the  death  of  Hastings,  who  had  been  ex« 
ecuted  a  fortnight  before. 

Such  are  a  few,  and  but  a  few,  of  the 
gpross  errors  that  have  caught  our  eye  in 
turning  over  this  proposed  manual  for  the 
"studious."  To  point  all  out  would  be 
too  serious  a  task,  and  we  will  content 
ourselves  with  referring  our  readers  to  the 
papers  before  mentioned.    The  minority 


of  the  errors  there  enumerated  they  will 
find  carefully  reproduced  by  Mr.  Edwards, 
with  the  addition  of  many  of  his  own 
making.  Of  his  dates,  whether  we  turn 
to  the  battles  of  Hastings  or  of  Culloden, 
the  death  of  Prince  William  in  the  twelfth 
century  or  of  Qaeen  Caroline  in  the  nine- 
teenth,  we  can  hardly  find  a  correct  one. 
We  scarcely  understand  what  he  means  in 
giving  as  a  heading  "  House  of  Hanover 
restored,"  nor  can  we  tell  what  to  make 
of  the  information — 

"  Commontoealik, 

**  Oliver  Cromwell,  Lord  Protector,  be- 
gan to  reign,  1649. 

"Richard  Cromwell,  Lord  Protector, 
1653. 

"  House  of  Stuart  restored,  1658." 

This  gem  forms  part  of  a  Table  of  Eng- 
lish Sovereigns  from  Egbert  to  Victoria, 
from  which  Edmund  Ironside  is  omitted ; 
which  tells  us  that  Lionel,  Duke  of  Cla- 
rence, was  the  second  son  of  Edward  III., 
and  that  Edward  the  Confessor  was  "de- 
scended from  Ethelred  II.,"  as  if  half-a- 
dozen  generations  had  intervened. 

We  have  bestowed  this  lengthened  no- 
tice on  a  very  worthless  book,  as  we  con- 
ceive that  it  will  justify  the  remark  that 
no  really  useful  and  reliable  short  History 
of  England  will  ever  be  produced  until 
some  one  shall  be  found  who,  though  he 
has  accumulated  materials  for  twenty 
volumes,  will  be  self-denying  enough  to 
give  their  substance  in  one.  Until  then. 
Elementary  Histories,  and  Popular  His- 
tories, and  Concise  Histories  will  remain 
very  much  what  they  now  are — the  moat 
unsatisfactory  part  of  English  literature. 


A  House  for  the  Suburbs;  Socially  and 
Architecturally  Sketched,  By  Thomas 
MoBBis,  M.R.I.B.A.  (London  :  all  Book- 
seUers  (!)  1860.)  8vo.,  xii.  and  136  pp.,  and 
8  plates. — A  work  which  professes  to  be 
published  by  "all  Booksellers"  must  ob- 
viously be  intended  to  have  every  chance 
of  publicity,  and  is  a  fair  object  for  criti- 
cism, although  the  usual  custom  of  sending 
a  copy  for  review  has  not  been  complied 
with,  and  it  might  poesibly  happen  that 
"  what  is  everybody'i  bu&ness  is  nobody'i 


80 


Miscellaneotu  Reviews. 


[July, 


business,"  and  oonseqaently  that  the  book 
is  to  be  seen  nowhere,  and  to  be  obtained 
only  of  the  author.  We  should  never  have 
known  of  its  existence  had  we  not  aod- 
dentally  seen  a  laudatory  notice  of  it  in 
a  cotemporary  journal,  which  excited  our 
euriosity,  and  induced  us  to  procure  a  copy 
and  give  some  account  of  it  to  our  readers. 
The  author  and  his  subject  appear  to  be 
admirably  suited  to  each  other;  the 
*'  Houses  in  the  Suburbs''  [of  London]  are 
notoriously  of  *' Cockney"  character,  and 
the  book  is  as  genuine  a  specimen  of 
**  Cockneyism"  as  we  ever  remember  to 
have  met  with;  the  atmosphere  of  the 
suburbs  and  of  the  kingdom  of  Cockayne 
breathes  in  every  page  of  it.  The  distin- 
guishing  characteristic  of  Cockneyism  is 
affectation,  the  attempt  to  be  always  fine 
and  genteel;  and  this  is  equally  the 
character  of  the  book.  The  author  takes 
care  to  let  us  know  that  he  has  always 
been  accustomed  to  genteel  society  in 
the  Suburbs,  and  therefore  knows  what 
is  wanted  by  genteel  people,  and  shews 
that  he  is  the  man  to  supply  their  wants. 
He  appears  to  have  an  instinctive  feeling 
that  his  book  may  be  conndered  as  be- 
longing to  the  Cockney  school,  and  there- 
fore in  an  early  page  sets  up  this  defence 
for  it : — 

''This  has  lately  been  stig^matized  as 
'Cockney  fashion;'  but  let  me  in  all 
courtesy  suggi-st  that  there  is  no  ground 
for  sarcasm ; — nothing  is  Cockney  that 
does  not  violate  fitness  and  simpHcity. 
The  different  conditions  of  life,  apart  from 
relative  status,  render  widely  different 
things  appropriate  and  convenient.  'A 
cottage  with  a  double  coach-house'  was  an 
obvious  incongruity,  and  fairly  became 
the  sport  of  the  satirist.  But  for  one  of 
more  vaulting  ambition  there  are  many 
'huiiible  livers  in  content,'  who,  though 
fond  of  pure  air,  gladly  leave  predial  re- 
forms to  the  able  hands  of  Mr.  Mechi ; 
spade  and  fork  husbandry  to  the  cbam« 
pionship  of  Miss  Martineau;  and  the 
poultry-yard  to  another  'blue,'  with  all 
its  interesting  details  of  gallinaceous  phy> 
ttology." — (p.  10.) 

The  author  has  evidently  been  long  in 
practice,  or  has  succeeded  to  an  extensive 
practice,  as  he  tells  us  that  he  has  selected 
the  plana  with  which  he  fiivoors  us  from 


a  large  number  that  have  been  built 
within  the  last  twenty  years;  and  we 
must  say  that  the  designs,  and  plans,  and 
the  book  altogether  seem  to  be  far  better 
suited  for  the  ideas  of  twenty  years  ago 
than  for  the  present  day. 

The  pretty  picture  of  "A  House  in 
the  Suburbs,"  which  forms  the  frontis- 
piece, is  just  in  that  mongrel  style  which 
our  fathers  admired,  and  which  is  mis- 
called Elizabethan;  it  is  a  libel  on  the 
really  great  architects  of  the  EUzabethan 
era  to  call  this  modem  Cockney  imita- 
tion by  this  name.  We  are  favoured  also 
with  the  ground-plan  and  the  "  chamber 
story,"  and  the  "  mezzanine  story"  of  this 
same  mansion,  and  a  most  elaborate  affair 
it  is,  with  no  less  than  forty -seven  refer- 
ences to  the  various  chambers,  &o.,  of  the 
ground-plan  only ;  and  in  this  instance  we 
are  furnished  with  a  scale,  an  advantage 
not  allowed  to  the  other  plans.  We  find 
that  this  house  occupies  an  area  of  nearly 
two  hundred  feet  in  depth  and  upwards  of 
one  hundred  in  width.  In  this  space  are 
included  four  distinct  ranges  of  building 
and  two  courts,  one  called  "the  drying 
ground,"  the  other  "  the  farm-yard."  We 
should  have  called  one  the  servants'  court, 
the  other  the  stable-yard,  but  our  good 
fHends  in  the  Suburbs  are  fond  of  grandi- 
loquence and  affectation,  and  the  object  of 
the  book  being  to  please  thcm^  we  hope  it 
will  succeed. 

In  the  smaller  plans  of  a  "  Mantionette 
near  Wimbledon  Park,"  "  Semi-detached 
Houses,"  and  "  The  Compact  House  built 
near  BUckheath,"  we  are  not  favoured 
with  any  scale,  bat  we  are  led  to  infer 
that  none  of  them  require  more  than  a 
quarter  of  an  acre  of  gpround,  and  that 
half  an  acre  is  sufficient  to  include  not 
only  the  house  and  stables,  with  conserva- 
tory and  vinery,  but  also  "two  lawns,  a 
flower-garden  and  a  kitchen-g^arden,  ter- 
race, lamp(!)  stable-yard,  kitchen-court, 
and  jet  d'Eau !"  There  is  certaiuly  much 
ingenuity  displayed  in  the  manner  in 
which  all  these  are  arranged,  and  a  palace 
compressed  into  the  space  allowed  in  the 
country  for  a  cottage  and  cottager's  gar- 
den. But  the  main  object  of  all  the  de- 
lignB  seems  to  be  to  please  the  Cockney 


Bvrrowtft  Pats  and  Clots. 


I860.] 

taste  fbr  diipliy  nther  tluai  comfbrt. 
'nie  coDumtor;  it  nlwtji  «  conapicnooB 
olfject,  bat  in  no  lingle  imttmce  does  a 
dnwing-Toom  window  op«D  into  it,  which 
to  K  lad;  who  b  fond  of  attending  to 
her  flowsn  it  almost  inditpeouble.  But 
we  wirii  to  take  leave  of  Mr.  Horrii 
on  (Hendlj  tonnt  j  we  lieiieve  him  to  be 
(judging  bf  hii  book  alone)  a  thorooghly 
kind-hcKTted,  weli-meaniog  Cockney  of 
the  old  acfaool,  and  he  hai  prodoeed  a  book 
•tarj  naeful  in  it«  whj,  contuning  ■enaible 
adviee,  Htd  verj  initable  to  the  "geniett 
•ocietf  of  the  Sabarba." 

We  mbjirin  a  few  eitraeta  to  joati^  our 
opinion; — 

"'A  HoDH  for  the  Soborbs,'  howeier, 
baa  not  appeared  to  demand  eitreme  pre- 
ciaion,  bnt  to  admit  of  adeqiiate  repreaett' 
tatio»  iff  thf  ckaracUruiHg  Uitei,  arlictt- 
latiiig  dolt,  and  npporting  Uneha  of  a 
■ketch,  ratlier  than  to  call  for  the  elabo- 
rstion  of  a  pictare;  and  it  is  with  this 
impresaion  1  preeume  to  lay  my  alight 
pencilHngi  baftve  tlie  reader."- — (p,  viii.) 

"  DalightfU  a^a  to  Spinater  and  Ma- 
tron, Tootb  and  Sage,  are  the  Bnbnrban 
•oir^.  Varied  in  appliancee  and  meana 
of  entertainment.  Science  and  Mirth, 
Sense  and  Sound — Sir  David  Brewater 
and  Honalenr  Jnllien — meet  upon  a  com- 
BKin  fixiting.  Inatmction  spreada  her 
moat  tempting  trensarea,  and  Melody  aendi 
forth  a  voice  that  leaves  its  dreamy  echo 
long  npon  the  ear." — (pp.  45,  4fi.) 

"  Then  came  the  oaual  hononrs  of  Terp- 
■ichore,  which  were  very  generally  paid. 
Philoeopbara  relaied,  and  dowagirs  be- 
came iprightly,  at  the  aharp,  eihilarating 
call  of  the  piccolo,  though  ihe  rapid  rota- 
tions of  the  dettx  tempt,  or  the  deliberate 
grace!  of  the  Varsoviana,  were  not  to  be 
attempted  by  thoae  who,  Ike  rojat^lf, 
beh>ng  to  the  era  of  Quadrille.  The 
carpet,  (or  its  damaak  counter|iart,)  how- 
ever, whereon  a  aatin  slipper  glidea,  la 
■acred,  and  I  will  only  add,  thut  these 
delightful  and  raCioual  rhiaiota,  after  a 
reft'eahioent  confined  to  aanilwichea  and 
gaitau,  concluded,  before  midoigbt,  to  the 
•oond  of  the  loyal  curfew — '  God  aave  tbe 
Ouetn.'  "—(pp.  47,  48.) 

"  But  what  have  I  written  ?  la  it  flied 
ai  that  of  FoDtina  ?— shall  it  be  eBaced 
««  if  inscribed  in  sand  7— or  sbsll  it  be 
followed  by  a  miaericorda  1  Yes,  tbua 
it  shall  be.  Not  for  fear  of  abells  and 
pwnted  ballet*  from  Sandliurat,  vulnei- 
»ble  thoagh  I  ba  in  every  put,  and  not, 


■  On);  weak 
Against  Uh  chaim  of  B«a(7*i  powerfq]  gUmve  / 

bnt  it  does  aeem  becoming  to  eiplun, 
that  it  is  not  proposed  to  send  the  School- 
master aToorrg  tbe  ladies,  to  render  them 
wiser  by  making  them  less  charming ;  the 
variety  of  atndy  here  suggested  being  well 
suited  to  win  hearts,  and  of  more  per- 
dnrafale  worththanmany  acoomplishmenli 
tied  up  with  the  hymeneal  knot^  and  nerer 
'wolie  again," — (pp.  63,  54.) 


Pott  and   Clan.    Ad   Oifbrd  Golde- 

Book  throDgii  the  Courses  of  Literm  Hn- 
manioree,  Mathematica,  Natural  Scienoe, 
aod  Law  and  Modem  Historj.  By  MoH> 
TAOOE  Bbbhowb,  M.A.  (Oxford  and 
London :  J.  H.  and  Jaa.  Parker.) — This 
work  professes  to  give  a  connected  ac- 
count of  tbe  whole  course  of  Oxford  eda- 
cation  as  it  now  stands,  not  merely  for 
thp  use  of  nndergraduBtes,  bnt  for  thoae 
who  may  be  preparing  at  schools  for  Ox- 
ford; for  parents,  who  may  natorally  be 
anppoeed  aniious  to  learn  what  sort  of 
education  modem  Oifbrd  proposes  to  give 
their  sons;  and  for  tboae  of  the  general 
public  who  care  to  consider  the  subject 
either  abstractedly  or  otherwise,  and  whoae 
idcaa,  not  previously  very  clear  perhaps 
as  to  the  meaning  of  the  words  '^Univer- 
uty  Education,"  have  been  in  a  chronia  ^ 
state  of  mystification  ever  aince  the  intro- 
duction of  the  "  new  system"  in  1850. 
To  all  these  claisea  it  may  be  safely  re- 
commended aa  a  trnstworthy  guide. 

The  full  detul  aa  to  number  ofhonis 
of  work  —  note-books  —  lectures- — private 
tutors— choice  of  boolcs — cooraea  of  read- 
ing, &c,,  can  of  course  only  be  gathered 
&om  the  work  itself,  aa  all  these  matter* 
are  so  condaely  (though  clearly)  stated,  aa 
to  render  a  summary  tUfBcalt;  bnt  w* 
may  remark  that  the  object  of  ISt.  Bar- 
rows is,  while  oihlbiting  the  real  and  abid- 
ing value  of  tbe  Class  Course,  to  remove  an- 
fbundcd  ideas  of  ita  difficulty.  Bo  jostly 
remarks  that  outaide  the  University — 

"  The  common  impression  la  that  ob- 
taining a  Paas  is  a  very  creditable  and 
qiiita  satisfactory  achievement;  while  the 
Class  List  contains  the  namca  of  aooie  few 
wonderfully  clever  and  hardworking  stu- 


82 


MiscellaneoiLS  Reviews. 


[July, 


dents,  who  are  not  uncommonly  supposed 
to  have  ruined  themselves  for  life  by  their 
exertions,  and  to  be  great  fools  for  their 
pains.  University  men  of  course  know 
better.  They  know  well  cnougli  that  ever 
since  the  institution  of  Class  Lists  some 
fifty  years  ago  the  Pass  has  not  been,  ex- 
cept in  such  cases  as  the  foregoing^,  a 
satisfactory  conclusion  to  the  Oxford  course. 
They  know  well  enough  that  nearly  every 
one  who  chooses  to  work  at  all  can  and 
ought  to  appear  in  some  one  or  other  of 
the  Class  Lists.  Still  further,  they  are 
well  aware  that  the  value  of  the  Pass  is 
fixed  by  the  least  intelligent  and  least 
educated  man  who  is  allowed  to  scrape 
through, — like  a  rope  or  chain  the  true 
strength  of  which  is  that  of  its  weakest 
part, — and  that  the  University  has  de- 
liberately imposed  this  character  on  it  by 
declining  to  number  the  Passmen,  or  to 
arrange  them  in  any  way  which  might 
mark  the  superiority  of  one  to  another." 
(pp.  8,  9.) 

Mr.  Burrows  contrasts  minutely  and  in 
tabular  form  the  amount  of  work  re- 
quired from  the  Pass  and  the  Class  man 
respectively,  estimates  the  value  of  the 
gains  of  each  as  modes  of  mental  training 
for  after  life,  and  sums  up  with  a  dictum 
in  which  all  who  study  his  book  as  it 
ought  to  be  studied  must  concur : — "  The 
mere  Pass  can  never  be  considered  justifi- 
able for  any  man  of  commonly  good  abili- 
ties, commonly  good  health,  and  commonly 
good  education."  We  trust  that  under- 
>  graduates  will  lay  this  to  heart,  and,  by 
the  exercise — if  it  must  be — of  even  extra- 
ordinary diligence,  do  justice  at  once  to 
the  friends  who  have  sent  them  to  the 
University,  and  to  their  own  abilities. 


Sermons.  Messrs.  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker 
have  recently  published  several  single  Ser- 
mons, to  which  we  desire  to  call  atten- 
tion. Our  Lord's  Ascension  the  Church's 
Oain,  a  most  eflective  University  Sermon, 
preached  on  Ascension-day,  by  the  Rev.  H. 
P.  Liddon,  Vice-Principal  of  St.  Edmund 

^  Weak  health ;  mental  incapacity ;  insuffi- 
cient school-education. 


Hall ;  another.  The  Opened  Door,  one  of 
the  series  preached  at  the  Culham  Train- 
ing College,  in  Holy  Week,  by  the  Rev.  J. 
R.  Woodford,  pointing  out  the  school- 
master as  the  connecting  link  between 
priest  and  people.  The  Worship  of  Christ's 
Church  a  Shadow  of  Heavenly  Things, 
by  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Wilkins,  Rector  of 
Southwell,  preached  at  the  Festival  of  the 
Notts.  Church  Choral  Union,  (which  we 
see  consists  of  fifty -one  parochial  choirs), 
is  mainly  devoted  to  enforcing  the  pro- 
priety of  audible  responses  on  the  part  of 
the  congregation,  and  not  allowing  the 
Liturgy  to  sink  into  "a  chill,  cold  dia- 
logue between  the  minister  and  the  clerk, 
with  the  addition  now  and  then  of  the 
feeble  voices  of  a  few  children  or  cho- 
risters." These  audible  responses,  he 
shews,  according  to  the  natural  laws  which 
regulate  and  govern  vocal  sound,  "  would 
produce  what  we  call  a  choral  service  as 
a  matter  of  course  :" — 

*'A  multitude  of  voices  speaking  the 
same  words  must  speak  in  the  same  time, 
and  on  the  same  note,  if  what  they  speak 
is  to  be  distinct  and  intelligible.  Many 
illustrations  might  be  given  of  involuntary 
examples  of  this  principle  of  our  nature. 
To  mention  but  one:  Set  a  number  of 
children  (and  little  children  have  no  pre- 
judices)  to  say  or  repeat  anything  toge^ 
ther,  and  they  naturally,  and  as  it  were  in 
spite  of  themselves, — they  cannot  do  other- 
wise,— but  they  will  involuntarily  recite  it 
in  the  same  tone  or  note  'with  one  ac- 
cord.' Every  school-teacher  knows  this. 
I  do  not  hesitate,  I  repeat,  to  allege  my  own 
conviction  that  this  democratic  principle 
(if  I  may,  not  irreverently,  term  it  so)  is 
the  true  and  only  key  to  hearty  congre- 
gational worship The  Church  of 

England  and  her  ofishoots  since  the  Puri- 
tan rebellion,  200  years  ago,  is  the  only 
branch  of  the  Church  Catholic, — nay,  I 
believe  I  may  say  with  strict  truth,  the 
only  religious  community, — that  ever  ex- 
isted whose  public  worship  was  not  one 
continuous  stream  of  song." — (p.  16.) 

We  will  hope  that  these  remarks  will 
meet  with  the  conuderation  that  they 
deserve. 


I860.] 


83 


BIRTHS. 


JToy  3.  At  Rome,  the  ViseouTitesB  Eynnaird 
(Mmrohioness  Bandini  OinstiniaDi),  a  son  and 
heir. 

May  7.  At  Smithgroye-terr.,  Cork,  the  wife  of 
Major  the  Hon.  Wm.  Telverton,  Royal  Artillery, 
a  son. 

May  10.  The  wife  of  Thomas  B.  Bosvile,  esq., 
Rarensfield-park,  Yorkshire,  a  dau. 

May  11.  At  Gibraltar,  the  wife  of  Captain 
Frederick  Sayer,  a  son. 

May  13.  The  wife  of  KingsU.  Manley  Power, 
esq.,  of  the  Hill-conrt,  Herefordsh.,  a  son. 

May  15.  At  Whatton-hoose,  Leicestershire, 
tlie  wife  of  John  Martin,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Rhode-hill,  Lyme  Regis,  the  wife  of  Reginald 
Talbot,  esq.,  a  dan. 

May  16.  At  Inverness-terrace,  Kensington- 
gardens,  the  wife  of  Capt.  German,  a  dan. 

May  17.  At  Sarbiton,  Hampton-court,  the 
wife  of  Capt.  £.  P.  Baomgarten,  7  th  Hussars,  a 
dan. 

May  18.  At  Bierley-hall,  Yorkshire,  Mrs.  Wm. 
Marshall  Selwyn,  a  dau. 

May  20.  At  Hollinwood  Parsonage,  Manchester, 
fhft  Hon.  Mrs.  J.  A.  Atkinson,  a  son. 

The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Beattie,  Chaplain 
and  Head  Master  of  the  London  Orphan  Asylum, 
Clapton,  a  dan. 

May  21.  In  Harriet-st.,  Lowndes-sq.,  the  wife 
of  Major  Wm.  Fitzgerald,  a  son. 

At  Dundridge,  near  Totnes,  the  wife  of  Clement 
Cottrell  Dormer,  esq.,  a  son. 

May  32.  At  the  Hook,  West  Hoathly,  Mrs. 
James  Tally,  of  twin  sons,  since  dead. 

The  wife  of  £.  A.  Paget,  esq.,  of  Thorpe  Satch- 
Tille,  a  son. 

May  23.  At  Ford-hall,  near  Chapel-en-lc- 
Frith,  Derbyshire,  the  wife  of  William  H.  Q. 
Bagshawe,  a  dau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Shobdon,  Herefordsh.,  the  wife 
of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  A.  B.  Hanbury,  a  dau. 

May  24.  At  Dover,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  W. 
W.  Addington,  a  son. 

At  Wilton-crescent,  Bclgrave-sq.,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Nngent  Bankes,  a  son. 

At  Rutland-gate,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Frederick  Peel, 
a  dan. 

May  25.  At  Herbert-place,  Dublin,  the  wife 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Gordon,  75th  Reg.,  a  dau. 

At  Rushbrook-lodge,  Croydon,  the  wife  of 
W.  Barton  Ford,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Bradgate-park,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Alfred 
Payne,  M.A.,  a  dau. 

At  Prcscote-manor,  Banbury,  Oxon,  the  wife 
of  John  Pares,  esq.,  a  dau. 

May  27.  At  Blackheath-park,  the  wife  of 
Frederick  Currey,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  a  mn. 

At  Kew,  the  wife  of  Dr.  Hooker,  F.R.S.,  ason. 

At  the  Elms,  Ringwood,  the  wife  of  H.  Tre- 
menheere  Johns,  esq.,  a  dau. 


In  Pultency-street,  Bath,  the  wife  of  W.  8. 
Coke,  esq.,  a  dau. 

AtKiddington-hall,  Woodstock,  Oxon,  the  wife 
of  Henry  L.  Gaskcll,  esq.,  a  dau. 

May  28.  The  Hon.  Mrs.  George  Dasbwood, 
Stone-lodge,  Ipswich,  a  son. 

At  Can-hatch,  Banstead,  Surrey,  the  wife  of 
Timothy  James  Durrell,  esq.,  a  son. 

The  wife  of  Richard  Bloxam,  esq.,  of  Eltham- 
court,  Kent,  a  son. 

May  29.  At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  wife  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Daly,  C.B.,  a  son. 

May  30.  At  Croston-hall,  Lancashire,  Lady 
Adelaide  de  Trafford,  a  son,  who  survived  only 
a  few  hours. 

At  Ankerwyke-cottage,  Wraysbury,  near 
Staines,  Emily,  wife  of  Francis  H.  Burckhardt, 
esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Lowndes-st.,  Belgrave-sq.,  the  wife  of 
Henry  King,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Leinster-gardens,  the  wife  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
Gladstone,  a  dau. 

At  Warminster,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Eras- 
mus Philipps,  a  son. 

May  31.    Lady  Constance  Grosvenor,  a  son. 

At  the  Rectory,  Bedale,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  T.  J. 
Monson,  a  son. 

At  Oakfield-court,  Timbridge  Wells,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Sandford  Baily,  a  son. 

At  Sussex-gardens,  Hyde-park,  the  wife  of  A. 
F.  Bundock,  esq.,  a  son. 

June  1.  At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  Frederick 
Drummond  Hibbcrt,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Bedford-place,  Russell-square,  the  wife  of 
Mr.  Serjeant  Miller,  a  dau. 

At  the  Cottage,  Sonning,  Berks,  Mrs.  Arthur 
Pratt-Barlow,  a  son. 

At  Dalvey-cottagc,  Morayshire,  N.B.,  the  wife 
of  D.  A.  Mac  Lcod,  esq.,  a  son. 

June  2.  At  Circus-road,  St.  John's-wood,  the 
wife  of  D.  F.  Main,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  a  son. 

At  Dorchcster-house,  Paik-lane,  Mrs.  Holford, 
a  son  and  heir. 

At  Brandcston-hall,  Suffolk,  Mrs.  Austin,  a  son. 

June  3.  At  Botley,  Hants,  the  wife  of  Com- 
mander George  Winthrop,  R.N.,  twin  daus. 

At  Hill-house,  Tooting-common,  the  wife  of 
P.  W.  Flower,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Kilham,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of  the  Rer. 
Bourke  Fellowes,  Vicar,  a  dau. 

At  Charterhouse-square,  the  wife  of  Captain 
Davenport,  a  dau. 

June  4.  At  Eaton-square,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Mostyn,  a  son. 

At  Greenwich,  the  wife  of  H.  Elphinstone 
Rivers,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Downe-hall, Bridport,  the  wi'e  of  H.  Strang- 
way  Hounsell,  esq.,  M.D.,  a  son. 

June  5.  At  KingRton-house,  Leatherhead,  Mn. 
Henry  Cbater,  a  son. 


84 


Marriages. 


[July, 


At  Aldershott,  the  wife  of  Lient.-Col.  Chap- 
man, 2nd  Battalion  18th  Royal  Irish,  a  dau. 

At  Gloucester-place,  Hyde-park,  the  wife  of 
Thomas  How,  esq.,  a  dau. 

June  7.  At  Ellerslie,  near  Barnstaple,  the 
wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  R.  Wyllie,  a  son. 

At  Hackness-gran^,  Yorkshire,  Mrs.  John- 
stone, a  dau. 

Jmu  8.  At  Chesterfleld-street,  Mayfair,  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Okeovcr,  a  dau. 

At  Wear-house,  near  Exeter,  Lady  Duckworth, 
a  dau. 

At  Putney,  the  wife  of  C.  A.  £.  Beley,  esq., 
M.A.,  a  son. 

June  9.  At  King's-road,  Brighton,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  Edward  Willoughby,  Bsngal  Artillery,  a 
dau. 

At  Horsell,  Woking,  Surrey,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Nor- 
ton, a  dau. 

June  10.  At  Barford-house,  Warwickshire, 
the  wife  of  Cspt.  Eyton,  a  dau. 

At  Woodsley-house,  Leeds,  the  widow  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Brandling,  C.B..  Royal  Artillery,  a  dau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Bildestone,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  Cockbum,  R.N.,  a  dau. 

June  11.  At  Hesmond*s-1odge,  East  Hoathly, 
the  wife  of  Chas.  F.  Clements,  esq.,  a  dan. 

At  Surbitan-hill,  Kingston-on-Thames,  the  wife 
of  J.  H.  Murchison,  esq.,  a  son. 

June  12.  At  Surbiton,  the  wife  of  Edward  L. 
Beck  with,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Harracott,  Barnstaple,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Bourchier  W.  T.  Wrey,  a  dau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Itchen  Abbas,  Winchester,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Spicer,  a  dau. 

June  13.  At  Torquay,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  O. 
C.  Bethune,  of  Chulmleigh  Rectory,  a  son. 


At  Sussex-lodge,  Shirley,  near  Southampton, 
the  wife  of  Henry  Dennett  Cole,  esq.,  a  son. 

June  14.  At  Scarr-hill,  the  wife  of  Captain 
Pollard,  Adjutant  4th  West  York  Regt.,  a  dau. 

June  15.  In  Fitzwilliam-sq.,  Dublin,  Lady 
Carew,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Sopworth  Rectory,  Wilts,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Buckley,  a  son. 

June  16.  At  Sandgate,  Kent,  the  wife  of  Major- 
Gen.  W.  Freke  Williams,  K.H.,  commanding 
Infantry  Brigade,  Shomcliffe,  a  son. 

At  Canterbury,  the  wife  of  Major  Bowlby,  64th 
Regt.,  a  f>on. 

June  17.  In  Portugal-st.,  Grosvenor-square, 
Lady  Kathleen  Tighe,  a  son. 

At  Hamilt(m-pl.,  Lady  Adellza  Manners,  a  son. 

At  Dufn*yn,  Aberdare,  the  wife  of  H.  A.  Bruce, 
esq.,  M.P.,  a  dau. 

At  Court-lodge,  Frant,  Sussex,  the  wife  of  J. 
W.  Roper,  esq.,  a  son. 

June  18.  At  the  Close,  Salisbury,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Ellis,  a  dau. 

At  Wcstboutne-pl.,  Eaton-sq.,  the  wife  of 
Major  Walton,  88th  Regt.,  a  dau. 

At  Hastings,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Adolphus  Graves, 
a  son. 

In  Lowndes-st.,  Mrs.  Lindsay  Antrobus,  a  son. 

June  19.  In  Manchester-sq.,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Townley  Mitford,  a  son. 

At  Lee,  Blackheath,  the  wife  of  Capt.  John  J. 
Wilson,  Royal  Engineers,  a  dau. 

At  Portobello,  N.B.,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Clephane,  late  79th  Highlanders,  a  dau. 

June  20.  In  Thurloe-sq.,  the  Lady  Anne  Shcr- 
son,  a  son. 

At  East  Sheen,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Capt. 
Leycester  Penrhyn,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 


Feb.  8.  At  Barrackpore,  Brook  Samuel  Bridges 
Parlby,  of  H.M.'s  6th  Regt.  Bengal  Eur.  Inf., 
only  son  of  Gen.  Brook  Bridges  Parlby,  C.B., 
H.M.'s  Indian  Forces  (Madras  Army),  to  Mar- 
garet Mary,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Major  Bunbury, 
of  the  Bengal  Army. 

March  20.  At  Rampore,  Bauleah,  Archibald 
Hills,  e«q.,  of  Katcha  Katta,  Bengal,  to  Enmia 
Louisa  Erie,  only  dau.  of  W.  White,  esq.,  F.R.C.S., 
Civil  Surgeon,  of  Ragshahye,  and  formerly  of 
Hcathfield,  Sussex. 

April  16.  At  BycuUa,  Bombay,  the  Hon.  Wm. 
Bcresford  Anneslcy,  to  Caroline,  fifth  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Mears,  esq.,  of  Bagshot,  Surrey. 

April  21.  At  Madras,  Maurice  Cross,  esq., 
stipendiary  magistrate,  to  Grace  Eleanor  Cotten- 
ham,  eldest  dau.  of  CoL  Robert  Clifford  Lloyd, 
H.M.*s  68th  Light  Infantry,  and  grand-dau.  to 
the  Rev.  Bartholomew  Lloyd.  D.D.,  late  Provost 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  President  of  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy. 

April  25.  At  St.  Philip's,  Charlestown,  De- 
mi rara,  the  Rev.  Henry  John  May,  Minister  of 

10 


St.  Mark's,  Enmore,  to  Charlotte  Geraldine,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  S.  B.  Liot  Backer,  esq. 

May  9.  At  the  Consulate,  Alexandria,  WUliam 
Frederick,  eldest  son  of  W.  Wilson  Saunders, 
esq.,  of  Reigate,  Surrey,  to  Frances  Anne,  eldest 
dau.  of  Sydney  Smith  Saunders,  esq.,  her  B.M.'s 
Consul,  Alexandria. 

At  Portage-dn-fort,  Canada  West,  Henry  John 
Fourdrinier,  esq.,  of  Montreal,  to  Mary,  second 
dau.  of  George  Usbomc,  esq.,  of  Portage-du-fort 
and  Quebeo. 

May  10.  At  All  Saints',  Colchester,  George 
Matson,  esq.,  of  East-hall,  Mersea,  second  son  of 
Wm.  Matson,  esq.,  St.  Osyth,  to  Margaret  Anna, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Dennis,  esq.,  of  the 
Manor-house,  Great  Holland. 

At  Aspley  Guise,  Beds,  the  Rev.  J.  Watson,  of 
St.  Neot's,  to  Hannah  Margaret,  eldest  dau.  of 
George  Carter,  esq.,  of  Darlington. 

Maylb.  At  Upper  Chelsea,  Baron  Luigi  Farina, 
of  the  Neapolitan  Kingdom,  to  Annie  Unett,  dau. 
of  George  Head,  of  Canterbury. 

May  16.    At  Highfield,  William  Seward  Le 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


85 


Feuvre,  esq.,  son  of  W.  J.  Le  Feuvre,  esq., 
Southampton,  to  Roeina,  dau.  of  the  late  J.  B. 
Keele,  esq.,  of  Southampton. 

At  St.  John's,  Surrey,  Walter,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  W.  P.  Honyirood,  formerly  M.P.  for 
Kent,  to  Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  G.  Hodgrson, 
•sq.,  of  Liverpool. 

May  17.  At  All  Souls*,  Langham-pl.,  the 
Ber.  H.  H.  Bishop,  to  Laura  Sophia,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  WilUam  Fizzy,  esq.,  of  Nor- 
ton, Suffolk. 

At  Hove,  Sussex,  Andrew  Green,  esq.,  Lieut. 
Bifle  Brigade,  to  Emily,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Fhilip  Hickman,  esq. 

May  22.  At  Clifton,  John  William  Townsend 
Fyler,  Capt.  H.M.'s  Slat  Regt.,  of  Heffleton, 
Dorset,  to  Jane  Louisa,  youngest  dau.  of  George 
Stevenson,  esq.,  late  of  the  Grenadier  Guards. 

At  SLPancras  church,  Lieut.  F.  J.  de  Silva 
Aranjo,  of  the  Imperial  Brazilian  Navy,  to  Mary 
Anne,  youngest  dan.  of  H.  H.  Langley,  esq,,  of 
Claremont-terr.,  Fentonville,  and  late  of  Colyton, 
Devon. 

At  Sudbury,  the  Bev.  Thomas  Lingard  Green, 
eldest  son  of  John  Green,  esq.,  Wobum,  Bedford- 
shire, to  Louisa,  dau.  of  Edmund  Stedman,  esq., 
of  Belle  Yue,  Sudbury. 

At  Wrawby,  Arthur  Tennyson,  esq.,  brother  of 
the  Poet  Laureat,  to  Harriett  West,  sister  of  the 
Vicar  of  the  parish,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
B«v.  John  West,  Rector  of  Chettle  and  Famham. 

At  St.  Luke's,  Lower  Norwood,  the  Rev.  B.  J. 
Burton,  Fellow  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge, 
to  Eliza,  only  dau.  of  the  late  B.  H.  Bobertson, 
esq. 

At  Brighton,  Thomas  Ayscough  Thompson, 
F.B.G.S.,  F.S.S.,  of  Cambridge,  to  Esther,  widow 
of  J.  Philips,  esq.,  late  Bengal  Light  Cavalry. 

At  Oswestry,  the  Bev.  Thomas  Martin  Herbert, 
M.A.,  of  Sheffield,  to  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  Thos. 
Minshall,  esq.,  solicitor,  of  Oswestry. 

At  Clifton,  the  Bev.  I.  Sadler  Gale,  Bector  of 
St.  John  Baptist's,  Bristol,  to  Henrietta,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  S.  Girdlestone,  esq.,  Q.C.,  of 
the  Middle  Temple. 

At  Holy  Trinity  church,  Kentish  Town,  the 
Bev.  Matthew  Churton,  of  Watton,  Herts,  to 
Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Moginic,  late 
of  Watton. 

May  23.  At  Boohester,  Percy  Vincent  James, 
esq.,  B.N.,  to  Catherine  Lincoln,  eldest  dau.  of 
Frederick  Furrell,  esq.,  J.P.,  of  Bochester  ;  and, 
at  the  same  time  and  place,  Edw.  James  Bandall, 
esq.,  of  the  Invalid  Depot,  Chatham,  to  Alice, 
fourth  dau.  of  the  above  Frederick  Furrell. 

At  Pilton,  George  Brown,  esq.,  of  Boborough, 
near  Barnstaple,  to  Isabel  de  Courcy,  fifth  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Septimus  Palmer,  Bector  of  High 
Bickington. 

At  Prestbury,  Capt.  Ivan  Herford,  of  H.M.'s 
90th  Begt.  of  Light  Infantry,  to  Marion  Jane 
Caldwell,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Anthony 
Todd  Thomson. 

At  Leicester,  Thomas  North,  esq.,  to  Fanny, 
only  dau.  of  Bichard  Luck,  esq.,  solicitor. 

May  24.  At  St.  Mary's,  Ilminster,  Alfred  T. 
De  Lisle,  esq.,  of  Addison -road,  Kensington,  to 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Catherine  Messiter,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 
Bximard,  esq.,  of  Ilminster. 

At  Brixton,  Henry  Chcvallier,  second  son  of 
J.  C.  Cobbold,  esq.,  M.P.,  to  Louisa  Anne,  only 
dau.  of  Chas.  Montague  Pocock,  esq.,  of  Brixton. 

At  Broadwater,  Wjnyard  Battye,  esq.,  66th 
Bengal  Infantry,  to  Margaret  Ellen,  fourth  dau. 
of  the  late  Bev.  William  Colvile,  of  Baytham, 
Ipswich. 

At  Cathedine,  Breconshire,  Hugh  Wild,  esq.,  of 
Pwll-court,  in  the  parish  of  Llangynidr,  and 
same  county,  eldest  son  of  Thos.  Martyr  Wild, 
esq.,  of  Strettit-house,  Kent,  to  Cordelia  Charlotte 
O'Callaghan,  dau.  of , the  Bev.  William  Davies, 
B.D.,  Bector  of  Cathedine  and  Llangjmidr. 

At  Bnbwith,  Bobert  Leighton,  esq.,  of  Good- 
manham.  Market  Weighton,  to  Eliza  Harriet, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Bev.  John  Wilkinson, 
formerly  Vicar  of  Budwith  and  of  Gate  Helmsley, 
Yorkshire. 

At  St.  Clement's,  Hastings, 'William  Halliday 
Cos  way,  esq.,  only  son  of  the  late  Sir  William 
Bichard  Cosway,  knt.,  to  Maria,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Harvic  Farquhar,  bart. 

At  St.  Matthew's,  Bayswater,  Fred.  Edward, 
eldest  son  of  John  Ogle  Else,  esq.,  of  Bayswater, 
to  Emma,  sixth  dau.  of  Thomas  Brice,  esq.,  of 
Bamsgate. 

At  Bipley,  Bobert  Charles  Winder,  of  Court- 
lodge,  Stanstead,  Kent,  to  Clara,  youngest  dau. 
of  John  Cooke,  esq.,  of  Byde- house,  Bipley, 
Surrey. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  the  Bev.  H.  E.  M.  Bull, 
to  Mary  Jane,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Bev.  J. 
Hayes,  Vicar  of  Wybunbury,  Cheshire. 

May  25.  At  Brighton,  Andrew  Lighten,  esq., 
of  Clifton,  Glocestershire,  to  Eliza  Amelia,  young- 
est dau.  of  Henry  S.  Joyce,  esq.,  of  Freshford, 
Wilts. 

May  26.  At  Crediton,  Bichard,  eldest  son  of 
Wm.  Wippell,  esq.,  of  Budway,  Bewe,  to  Eliza- 
beth Tremlett,  only  child  of  D.  T.  Pridham,  esq., 
of  Bock,  Crediton. 

May  28.  At  Comworthy,  South  Devon,  David 
Hardy,  esq.,  third  son  of  James  Hardy,  esq.,  of 
Bath,  to  Emily,  only  dau.  of  the  late  J.  Masters 
Collins,  esq.,  formerly  of  Bath. 

At  Newton  Abbot,  Chas.  Henry  Battersby,  esq., 
M.D.,  Torquay,  to  Catherine  Grace  Hickman, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Bev.  Bobert  de  Burgh,  M.A., 
High  week. 

At  St.  Thomas's,  Portman-sq.,  C.  MaltonBevan, 
esq.,  to  Isabella,  second  dau.  of  Frederick  Lennox 
Home,  esq. 

May  29.  At  St.  Stephen's,  Paddington,  Hum- 
phry Sandwitb,  esq.,  C.B.,  D.C.L.,  Colonial  Secre- 
tary of  Mauritius,  to  Lucy  Ann,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Bobert  Hargreaves,  esq.,  of  Accring- 
ton,  Lancashire. 

At  Cranboume,  Berks,  John  Sanders,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  John  Kirton  Gilliat,  esq.,  of  Fern- 
hill,  Berks,  to  Louisa  Anne  Fanny,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Matthew  Babington,  esq.,  of  Bothley 
Temple,  Leicestershire. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Frederic,  son  of 
Chas.  Robinson,  esq.,  of  Chandos-st.,  Cavendish- 
sq.,  and  Grandboro',  Warwickshire,  to  Lydia, 


86 


Marriages. 


[July, 


dao.  of  the  late  Bobt.  Warren,  esq.,  of  Olooester- 
pl.,  Portman-sq. 

At  Ashurst,  Charles  Walter  Hill,  of  Tnileigh, 
Edburton,  youngest  son  of  John  Hill,  esq.,  late  of 
Canford  Magna,  Dorsetshire,  to  Prances,  dau.  of 
Wm.  Stanford,  esq.,  of  Batons,  Ashurst,  Sussex. 

May  30.  At  St.  MaryleSone,  George  Crozier 
Ck)le,  esq.,  Captain  in  the  1st  Eoyal  Middlesex 
Militia,  to  Anna  Maria,  only  child  of  Philip 
Alward.  esq.,  of  Eardisland,  Herefordshire. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanoyer-sq.,  John  A.  Bum 
Callander,  esq.,  of  Preston-hall,  Mid-Lothian,  to 
Mary  Frederica  Dundas,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Hon. 
Henry  Coventry. 

At  East  Retford,  George  Marshall,  jun.,  esq., 
solicitor,  to  Betsy,  eldest  dau.  of  Wm.  Newton, 
esq..  Town  Clerk  of  East  Betford. 

May  31.  At  St.  Paul's,  Sketty,  John  Cole 
Nicholl,  esq.,  of  Merthyrmawr,  Glamorganshire, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  John  NiohoU, 
to  Mary  De  la  Beche,  eldest  dau.  of  Lewis  LI. 
Pillwyn,  esq.,  M.P.,  of  Hendrefoilan,  in  the  same 
county. 

At  Scarbro',  Joseph  Clarke,  esq.,  of  Ashfield- 
house,  Sherbum,  to  Jane  Johanna,  eldest  dau.  of 
Charles  Newstead,  esq.,  solicitor,  of  Selby. 

At  Eynsford,  Kent,  John,  eldest  son  of  Mr. 
John  Marsland,  of  Walworth,  to  Katharine,  eldest 
dau.  of  Mr.  Geo.  Mandy,  of  Eynsford. 

At  Cookham,  Berks,  Bobt.  Roberts,  jun.,  esq., 
of  Llangollen,  to  Emily  Frederica  Ann,  eldest 
dau.  of  Fred.  T.  Ward,  esq.,  of  Maidenhead. 

At  Hornscy,  Joseph  Dods,  esq.,  of  St.  Martin's, 
Stamford,  to  Caroline,  only  dau.  of  the  late  E. 
James  Beid,  esq.,  of  Salt-pond,  Spanish-town, 
Jamaica. 

At  Llanfihangel,  Oencur-glynne,  James,  seoond 
son  of  Jonathan  Jenkins,  esq.,  of  Kilfrome,  Car- 
diganshire, to  Susannah,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  B.  Williams,  esq.,  M.D.,  Aberystwyth. 

At  St  Luke's,  Cheltenham,  Licut.-Col.  S.  J. 
Browne,  H.M.'s  Indian  Army,  to  Lucy,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  R.  C.  Sherwood,  esq.,  of  Suffolk- 
lawn,  Cheltenham. 

June  1.  At  St.  Mary's,  Beading,  T.  Lawrence 
Forbes,  esq.,  of  the  Adelaide-road,  Hampstead,  to 
Charlotte  Ann,  elder  dau.  of  the  late  Benjamin 
Hawkins,  esq.,  of  Beading,  and  formerly  of 
Donnington,  Berks. 

Henry,  second  son  of  Henry  Larking,  esq.,  of 
Tonbridge,  to  Mary  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Andrewes,  esq.,  of  Bast  Mailing. 

At  Chester,  Thomas  Helps,  esq.,  of  The  Friars, 
Chester,  to  Frances  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
Edward  Stokes  Boberts,  esq.,  of  Abbey-square, 
Chester. 

Junt  2.  At  Odiham,  Hants,  the  Ber.  John  B. 
Bartlett,  of  Blandford,  Dorset,  to  Harriette  Ade- 
laide, dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  David  Allen,  of  the 
Madras  LightCavalry,  and  niece  of  the  late  Lieut.< 
Col.  Allen,  of  the  Chantry,  Bradford-on-Avon. 

At  Hcadley,  Surrey,  John,  second  son  of  the 
late  Geo.  Stone,  esq.,  of  Charlton-grove,  Kent, 
to  Fanny,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Hoof, 
esq.,  of  Kensington. 

At  St.  Mark's,  Marylebone,  Bobert  Henton 
Wood,  esq.,  F.B.C.8.,  of  St.  Martin's,  Leicester, 


to  Mary  Ann,  only  dau.  of  Edward  Marr,  esq., 
of  Hamilton-terr.,  St.  John's  Wood. 

At  Cheltenham,  B.  T.  B.  Levett,  esq.,  of  Pack- 
ington-hall,  seoond  son  of  the  late  John  Levett, 
esq.,  of  Wichnor-park,  to  Margaret  Catherine, 
only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Levett 
Pinsep,  esq.,  of  Croxall,  Derbyshire. 

At  St.  Paul's,  Derby,  and  afterwards  at  the 
Boman  Catholic  church,  St.  Mary's,  Chas.  Bum, 
esq.,  to  Ellen  Victoria,  second  dau.  of  the  late  T. 
Shannon,  esq.,  of  Clare,  Ireland. 

At  St.  Pancras,  Charles  Collard  Knight,  esq., 
to  Katharine  Isabel,  third  dau.  of  the  late  H. 
B.  Wedlake,  esq.,  of  the  Temple,  solicitor,  and 
of  Camden-st.,  Camden-town. 

At  St.  Thomas's,  Stamford-hill,  Wm.  Bobert, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  George  Arbuthnot,  esq., 
of  Invemettie,  Peterhead,  Aberdeenshire,  to 
Caroline  Elizabeth,  younger  dau.  of  the  late 
Wm.  Marshall,  esq.,  of  Springfield,  Upper  Clap- 
ton, and  Lloyds'. 

At  All  Saints',  West  Ham,  Mr.  Edmund  Cooper, 
of  the  Ilford-road,  Stratford,  to  Seelie  Susannah, 
dau.  of  Mr.  Bichard  Young, 'of  Beetory-grove, 
Clapham. 

June  3.  At  Kingscote,  Gloucestershire,  Arthur 
Holme  Sumner,  esq.,  of  Hatchlands,  Surrey,  to 
Georgiana  Emily,  second  dau.  of  Col.  Kingscote. 

June  5.  At  Wimpole  Church,  Cambridgeshire, 
Henry  John  Adeane,  esq.,  M.P.  for  Cambridgesh., 
to  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Philippa  Torke,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Earl  and  Countess  of  Hardwicke. 

At  Dawlish,  Charles  Fawoett,  esq.,  of  the  Ad- 
miralty, Somerset-house,  only  son  of  Henry  Au- 
gustus Fawcett,  of  Porchester-terr.,  Hyde-park, 
to  Frances  Susannah  Owen,  only  dan.  of  Sydney 
Pearson,  esq.,  of  Dawlish. 

At  Brighton,  William  Wood  Whitter,  esq.,  of 
Worthing,  late  of  H.M.'s  76th  Begt  of  Foot,  to 
Emily  Eliza,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  George  J. 
Dettmar,  of  Mecklenburg-sq.,  and  Wanstead, 
Essex. 

At  St  George's,  Hanorer- square,  Thomas 
Edward,  seoond  son  of  Edward  Viekers,  esq.,  of 
Tapton-hall,  Sheffield,  to  Frances  Mary,  only 
dan.  of  the  late  Joseph  Douglas,  esq.,  of  Sumner- 
terr.,  Onslow-sqnare. 

At  Moorlinch,  William  Bnlmer  Bailey,  esq.,  of 
Liverpool,  to  Cecilia,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Wm. 
Stradling,  esq.,  of  BoseviUe,  near  Bridgewater, 
late  deputy-lieut  for  Somerset. 

At  All  Souls',  Langfaam-pl.,  the  Ber.  Joseph 
Barthrop  Tweed,  eldest  son  of  the  Bev.  Joseph 
Tweed,  of  Capel  Bectory,  Ipswich,  to  Sarah  Ann 
Maria,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Tonge 
Vallance,  esq.,  of  Cavendish-sq. 

At  Walcot  Church,  Bath,  the  Ber.  Frederick 
Walter  Baker,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Beaulieu, 
New  Forest,  Hants.,  to  Charlotte  Frances,  eldest 
dau.  of  Major  George  Willock,  K.L.S.,  of  Lans- 
down-crcs.,  Bath. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Bryanston-sq.,  the  Bev.  Samuel 
Amott,  Vicar  of  Chatham,  to  Caroline,  jroungest 
dan.  of  the  late  CoL  Sir  Charles  Dance,  of  Barr- 
house,  Taunton. 

At  Trinity  Church,  Westbonme-ter.,  M^or 
Bobert  L.  J.  Ogilvie,  <H.  If.'s  I.  Army,  to  Clara, 


I860.] 


Marriageg. 


87 


-widow  of  Major  Fitzharding  Hancock,  H.  M.'s 
74th  Highlanders. 

At  Hollesley,  Soffolk,  Francis  Holland,  esq., 
of  Cropthome-oonrt,  Worcestershire,  to  Sarah, 
widow  of  the  Bev.  William  Mack,  late  Kector  of 
Horham,  Snilblk. 

At  Whitboome,  Herefordshire,  Rich.  Haring- 
tOB,  esq.,  of  lineoln's-Inn,  barrister-at-law,  and 
Stadent  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Principal  of  Brasenose,  to  Frances  Ag- 
natm,  second  dan.  of  the  Rer.  Robert  Biscoe, 
Rector  of  Whitboome. 

At  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  George  P. 
Bidder,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  O.  P.  Bidder,  esq., 
C.E.,  President  of  the  Institution  of  Civil  En- 
gineers, to  Annie,  second  dau.  of  J.  R.  McClean, 
esq.,  C.E.,  of  Park-«t.,  Westminster. 

At  Mauchline,  Ayrdiire,  Capt.  Wallace  Adair, 
5tii  Fusiliers,  to  Helenora  Agnes,  youngest  dau. 
of  Dogald  Stewart  Hamilton,  esq.,  Beechgrove, 
Manchline. 

At  Howell,  Lincolnshire,  the  Rev.  David  Han- 
tar,  Rector  of  HoweU,  to  Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of 
J.  W.  Dndding,  esq. 

At  Temple  Combe,  Somerset,  John  A.  L.  Tighe, 
|.,  of  HJA.'s  ftSth  Regt,  to  Cornelia  Beck- 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  A.  Blake,  esq. 

At  St.  Pancras,  Commander  Richard  Stokes, 
B.N.,  to  EUsa  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Tbomas  Samp- 
son, esq.,  Hihnarton-villas,  Holloway. 

At  Hackney,  Lavinla  Christiana,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Hare,  M.  A.,  to  Hubert  Wood, 
esq.,  of  Lowther-cottages,  and  Coleman-street- 
Imildings. 

At  Pinner,  A.  W.  Adair,  esq.,  Capt.  52nd 
Ught  Infantry,  eldest  son  of  A.  Adair,  esq.,  of 
Heatherton-park,  Somerset,  and  Colehouse,  to 
Caroline  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  D.  TurnbuU, 
esq.,  and  grand-dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  P.  Mait- 
laad,  G.C.B. 

«/«MM  6.  At  Bath,  Francis  Stanier-Broade,  esq., 
of  Silverdale  and  Fenton  Vivian,  Sta£fordshire,  to 
Caroline  J.,  dau.  of  Major-Gen.  Wm.  Justice, 
Madras  Army,  Bath. 

At  Hampstead,  John  Nickirson,  esq.,  of  High 
Offley-manor,  Newport,  Salop,  only  son  of  John 
Nickirson,  esq.,  of  Stone,  Staflforddiire,  to  Eliza 
Alice,  third  dau.  of  Andrew  Steedman,  esq., 
St.  John*s-villas,  Haverstock-hiU. 

At  Higham-on-the-Hill,  Joseph  Holt,  esq.,  of 
Wedderbom- house,  Harrowgate,  to  Matilda, 
only  dan.  of  Edward  Fisher,  esq.,  of  Ashby-de- 
la-Zouch. 

At  St.  Andrew's,  Plymouth,  Thomas  Stanley 
COay,  Lieut.  H.  M.'s  Bombay  Fusiliers,  to  Fanny, 
third  dau.  of  Colonel  Carthew. 

At  Bouth  Bersted,  Sussex,  Capt.  Hugh  G. 
BoUscm,  H.M.  3rd  Bombay  European  Regt.,  to 
Mary  Maria,  eldest  dau.,  and  Capt.  Edward  Wm. 
Bray,  83rd  Regt.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Col.  E. 
W.  Bray,  C3.,  to  Ann  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of 
Iieut.-Col.  Mair,  of  Hothamton-pL,  Bognor. 

At  Sunninghill,  Berks,  Thomas  Garratt,  esq., 
late  Capt.  14th  Light  Dragoons,  fourth  son  of 
the  late  John  Garratt,  esq.,  of  Bishop's  Court, 
Devon,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Har- 
greaves,  esq.,  of  SUwood-park,  Berks. 


June  7.  At  Clapham,  Surrey,  John,  eldest  son 
of  the  late  John  Wild,  esq.,  of  Clapham  Common, 
to  Margaret  Josephine  Carew,  eldest  dan.  of  R. 
H.  Carew  Hunt,  esq.,  of  Clapham  Rise,  Surrey, 
and  Sidbury,  Devon. 

At  Ashburton,  the  Rev.  James  Law  ChalUs, 
Rector  of  Pap  worth  Everard,  Cambridgeshire,  son 
of  the  Rev.  James  ChalUs,  Plumian  Professor  of 
Astronomy  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  to 
Margaret  Edmonds,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William 
Marsh,  Vicar  of  Ashburton. 

At  Ipplcpen,  E.  F.  Squire,  esq.,  of  Cross-hall, 
Bedfordshire,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
John  Holland,  esq.,  of  Ipplepen-house,  Devon- 
shire. 

At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  Dimcan  Smith,  esq., 
to  Sophia  Emma,  elder  dau.  of  WiUiam  Almond, 
esq.,  of  Lord's-hill,  Wonersh,  Surrey. 

At  Netley,  Eling,  Neville  Hill  Shute,  esq., 
Iieut.-Col.  &lth  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Thos. 
Deane  Shute,  esq.,  of  Burton  and  Bramshaw, 
Hants.,  to  Margaret,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
Timson,  of  Tatchbury-mount,  New  Forest,  Hants. 

At  St.  Matthew's,  Netley,  Col.  Nevill  Shute,  of 
the  64th  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Fean 
Shute,  of  Branshaw,  to  Margaret,  only  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  E.  Tinson,  of  Tatchburj-  Mount, 
Hants. 

June  8.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Horace, 
only  son  of  Major-Gen eral  Broke,  to  Charlotte, 
eldest  dau.  of  B.  Gurdon,  esq.,  M.P.,  of  Letton. 

At  Birmingham,  Thomas,  eldest  son  of  R.  Mar- 
tineau,  esq.,  of  Edgbaston,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau. 
of  T.  Kenrick,  esq.,  of  Maple-bank,  Edgbaston. 

At  St.  Thomas's,  York,  James  Paley,  esq.,  of 
York,  to  Anne,'  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Paley, 
esq.,  M.D.,  of  Bishopton-grangre,  Ripon. 

June  9.  At  Christ  Church,  Brixton,  D.  Cor- 
nish, esq.,  of  Dagnell-house,  Dagnell-park,  Croy- 
don, to  Belinda,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Richard 
Simpson,  esq.,  of  Elm-grove,  Norwood. 

At  Canterbury,  S.  Gordon  M'Dakin,  esq.,  of 
the  42nd  Royal  Highlanders,  only  son  of  Capt. 
M*Dakin,  of  Boultham,  Lincoln,  to  Emily,  eldest 
dan.  of  H.  Collard,  esq.,  of  AH  Saints',  Canter- 
bury. 

At  Ham,  Surrey,  William  Camegy  de  Balin- 
hard,  esq.,  of  Her  Majesty's  47th  Regt.,  to  Julia 
Condon,  of  Castle-housc,  Kingston-hill,  only  sur- 
viving dau.  of  the  late  John  Condon,  esq. 

At  Croydon,  Joseph  Hobb,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  C.  W.  Knight,  esq.,  of  Bemers-st.,  London, 
to  Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Upham, 
esq.,  of  Taunton,  Somersetshire,  and  stepdau.  of 
Charles  Evans,  esq..  Tower-bouse,  Croydon. 

June  12.  At  Ackworth,  John  Frank  Atkinson, 
esq.,  of  Comwall-ter.,  Regent's-pk.,  Commander 
of  the  "Blenhehn,"  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  Christopher  Edward  Dampier,  esq.,  of 
Canterbury,  New  Zealand,  and  niece  of  the  late 
William  Hepworth,  esq.  of  Ackworth-lodge,  Pon- 
tefract. 

At  St.  Pancras,  Richard  Alfred  Evans,  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Alfred  Ashworth,  to 
Frances  Emily  Jarvis,  dau.  of  the  late  Alexr. 
Graham,  esq.,  of  Danehill,  and  niece  of  Thomas 
Ellman,  esq.,  of  Beddingham,  Sussex ;  and  at 


88 


Marriages. 


[July, 


the  same  time  and  place,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  James  Barrett,  esq.,  of  Albert-st,,  Regent's- 
park,  and  York>buildings,  Adelphi,  to  Caroline, 
only  child  of  Walter  Ware,  esq.,  of  Rotherfield, 
and  niece  of  Thomas  Ellman.  esq. 

At  Walcot  Church,  Bath,  Charles  Hale  Monro, 
esq.,  of  Ingsdon,  Devonshire,  to  Anne  Spooner, 
eldest  surviving  dau.  of  William  Bowie,  esq., 
M.D.,  of  Bath. 

At  Hurstpierpomt,  Sussex,  Arthur  T.  Searle, 
esq.,  H.M.'s  32nd  Regt.  Madras  N.I.,  to  Lucy 
Helen,  eldest  dau.  of  H.  M.  Byne,  esq. 

June  13.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Kichd. 
Benyon  Berens,  esq.,  of  Kevington,  Kent,  to 
Faimy  Oeorgiana,  dau.  of  Alexander  Atherton 
Park,  esq.,  of  Wimpole-st 

At  Morton,  Derbyshire,  George  Oldham  Sid- 
dall,  esq.,  Alfreton,  to  Charlotte  Hagger,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Page,  esq.,  of  Alfreton. 

June  14.  At  Scarborough,  Richard  Wellesley 
Barlow,  esq.,  Madras  Civil  Service,  son  of  Richard 
Wellesley  Barlow,  esq.,  Bengal  Civil  Service,  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Sir  George  Hilare  Barlow, 
bart..  Governor  of  Madras,  to  Annie  Catherine, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Whiteside,  Vicar  of  Scar- 
borough, and  niece  of  the  Right  Hon.  James 
Whiteside,  M.P. 

At  South  Shields,  Dr.  Edmund  Waller,  R.N., 
of  Chesterfield,  to  Adelaide,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Forsyth,  esq.,  J.P.,  of  South  Shields. 

At  Kenn,  Sambome  S.  P.  Sambome,  esq.,  eldest 
son  of  S.  S.  P.  Sambome,  esq.,  of  Timsbury- 
house,  Somersetshire,  to  Lucy,  second  dau.  of 
F.  B.  Short,  esq.,  of  Bickham-house,  Devon. 

At  Auckland,  the  Rev.  John  Rogers,  M.A.,  of 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  curate  of  St.  Andrew's, 
Auckland,  to  Annie,  fourth  dau.  of  William 
Hodgson,  esq.,  Bishop  Auckland. 

At  St.  Stephen's,  near  Canterbury,  John  Wm. 
Zorapore  Wright,  late  Lieut.  2nd  Dragoon  Guards, 
eldest  son  of  MaJ .-General  Wright,  C.B.,  late 
89th  Reg.,  to  Mary  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
John  White,  Vioar  of  St  Stephen's,  near  Can- 
terbury. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  Richard  Hen.  Magenis, 
esq.,  Brevet-Major  andCapt.  32nd  Light  Infantry, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Colonel  Magenis,  to  Lady 
Louisa  Ann  Lowry-Corry,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Earl  of  Bclmore. 

At  Wimbome  Minster,  Charles  Brome  Bash- 
ford,  esq.,  9th  Royal  Lancers,  eldest  son  of 
W.  C.  L.  Bashford,  esq.,  of  Norwood-park,  Mid- 
dlesex, to  Anne  Argentine,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Fryer,  esq.,  of  Wimbome  Minster. 

At  Plympton  St.  Mary,  Wm.  Henry  Charsley, 
esq.,  M.A.,  Ch.  Ch.,  to  Eliza  Mary,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Were  Fox,  esq.,  of  Hoe- 
house,  Pljrmouth. 

At  Dursley,  Gloucestershire,  Wm.  H.  Nunn, 
esq.,  of  Wolverhampton,  Berks,  to  Sophy  Caro- 
line, youngest  dau.  of  Richard  R.  Houghton, 
esq.,  late  M^jor  of  the  73rd  Regt. 

At  St.  George's,  Stonehouse,  Devon,  Richard 
B.  Barrett,  esq.,  of  the  Admiralty,   Somerset- 


house,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Hasby, 
esq.,  of  Stonehouse. 

At  Ross,  Edward  Thoroton,  esq.,  barrister-at- 
law,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  to  Catharine,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ogilvie,  Rector  of  Ross, 
and  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

At  St.  John's,  Hyde-park,  the  Baron  von 
Bamekow,  to  Anna,  sister  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  John  Toung,  hart.,  of  Bailleborough  Castle, 
CO.  Cavan. 

At  Skirbeck,  near  Boston,  John  Joshua,  third 
son  of  Samuel  Henry  Jebb,  solicitor,  Boston,  to 
Georgiana  Hutton,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Wil- 
liam Roy,  D.D.,  senior  chaplain  Fort  St.  George, 
Madras,  and  Rector  of  Skirbeck. 

June  15.  At  St.  Olave's,  Exeter,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Hooker  Edward  Wix,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Alder- 
shott,  near  Fordingbridge,  only  son  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  Wix,  M.A.,  some  time  Archdeacon  of 
Newfoundland,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Wix,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S.,  Vicar  and  Hospitaler  of 
St.  Bartholomew-the-Less,  London,  and  Rector 
of  Inworth,  Essex,  to  Catherine,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Abell,  esq.,  of  Jamaica. 

At  Sandhurst,  the  Rev.  Robert  Holdsworth, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Walker,  M.A., 
F.R.S.,  Reader  in  Experimental  Philosophy  in 
the  University  of  Oxford,  to  Kate,  second  dan. 
of  Francis  Wm.  Medley,  esq.,  of  Tately-hall, 
Hants. 

June  16.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Thomas 
F.  Scrymsoure  Fothrlngham,  esq.,  of  Fothring- 
ham  and  Powrie,  co.  Forfar,  to  the  Lady  Char- 
lotte Carnegie,  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Jas.  Carnegie, 
bart.,  and  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Sonthesk. 

June  19.  At  St.  Alphage,  Greenwich,  Edward 
James,  son  of  the  late  Charles  Badham,  M.D., 
F.R.S.,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Vice-Adm.  Sir 
Edward  James  Foote,  K  C.B.,  to  Harriette  Jane, 
fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Mathew  Fitzpatrick,  esq., 
of  the  Queen's  County,  formerly  of  H.M.'s  89th 
Regt. 

At  Charlton,  Kent,  the  Rev.  William  Owen, 
Incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's,  Tunbridge,  to  Mary 
Louisa  Adams,  only  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Harvey  Hooper,  esq.,  R.N.,  Secretary  of  the 
Royal  Hospital,  Greenwich. 

At  St.  John's,  Hackney,  Herman,  youngest  son 
of  Herman  StoUerfoht,  esq.,  of  Edge-lane,  Liver- 
pool, Consul  for  the  Free  and  Hanseatic  Towns 
of  Hamburg  and  Lubcck,  to  Rosalie  Ellen,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  O.  Goodchlld,  A.M.,  Rector 
of  the  parish. 

June  21.  At  St.  John's,  Hackney,  Charles  Ed- 
ward Klngstone  Butler,  of  Onslow-sq.,  eldest 
son  of  Charles  Salisbury  Butler,  esq.,  M.P.,  of 
Cazenoves,  Middlesex,  to  Mary  Ann,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Bradshaw,  esq.,  of  Upper 
Homerton,  Middlesex. 

At  St.  Stephen's,  Paddlngton,  John  Augustus, 
eldest  son  of  lieut.-Col.  and  the  late  Lady  Ellen 
Fane,  of  Wormsley,  Oxfordshire,  to  Qeanor, 
dan.  of  the  late  Thoa.  Thomhill,  esq.,  of  Woodleys, 
in  the  same  county. 


I860.] 


89 


Bhituuv^. 


[^BeUxHves  or  Friends  supplying  Memoirs  ctre  requested  to  append  their  Addresses^  in 
order  that  a  Copy  of  the  Gektleman's  MAaAZiKE  containing  their  Communication 
may  he  forwarded  to  them.'] 


Fibu>-Mabshal  the  Eabl  op  Stbap- 
PORD,  G.C.B.,  G.C.H. 

June  3.  In  Lower  Grosvenor-street, 
aged  88,  Field-Marshal  the  Earl  of  Straf- 
ford, Colonel  of  the  2nd  or  Coldstream 
Regiment  of  Foot  Guards. 

The  deceased,  who  was  the  third  son  of 
Mr.  Creorge  Bjng,  of  Wrotham-park,  Mid- 
dlesex, and  grandson  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Byog,  thi];d  son  of  the  first  Viscount  Tor- 
ington,  was,  with  the  exception  of  Lord 
Sinclair,  the  oldest  member  of  the  House 
of  Peers.  He  entered  the  33rd  Regiment 
in  1793,  served  with  it  in  Flanders  and 
in  Holland  in  1794  and  1795,  and  was 
wounded  at  Geldermalsen ;  he  subse- 
qnently  served  in  Ireland.  In  the  expe- 
dition to  Hanover  in  1805  he  was  in  the 
8rd  Guards ;  he  took  a  part  in  the  expe- 
dition to  Copenhagen  in  1807,  and  also  in 
the  Walcheren  expedition  in  1809,  when 
he  was  with  the  reserve  under  General 
8ir  J.  Hope,  and  commanded  his  advance, 
eomposed  of  the  Grenadier  battalion  of  the 
Guards  and  a  detachment  of  the  95th 
Rifles.  In  1811  he  proceeded  to  the 
Peninsula  to  join  the  brigade  of  Guards 
in  Portugal,  and  in  September  of  that 
year  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
a  brigade  in  the  second  division  of  the 
army  under  Lord  Hill.  During  the  period 
of  the  siege  of  Cuidad  Rodrigo  he  was 
detached  in  command  to  Idanha  Nova 
with  his  own  brigade  and  some  cavalry  to 
observe  the  movement  of  a  corps  of  the 
enemy  commanded  by  General  Foy,  at 
Coria.  In  the  campaign  of  1813  he  was 
engaged  in  the  several  actions  of  Vittoria, 
of  the  Pyrenees,  of  Pampeluna  (in  which 
last  he  was  wounded,)  in  the  crossing  the 
Nivelle,  and  the  attack  of  the  fortified 
camp,  when  he  was  wounded  and  had  two 


horses  shot  under  him ;  in  the  passage  of 
the  Nive  and  the  afiair  before  Bayonne  on 
the  13th  of  December,  1813,  when  the 
2nd  Division  was  attacked  by  six  divisions 
of  the  French  army,  commanded  by  Mar- 
shal Soult.  In  that  action  a  horse  was 
shot  under  him.  In  the  campaign  of 
1814  he  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at 
Espellette,  and  in  the  attack  of  the  heights 
above  Garris.  He  was  in  the  subsequent 
actions  of  Orthes  and  Aire,  and  he  re- 
pulsed the  enemy  at  Garlin,  and  was  also 
engaged  with  his  brigade  at  the  battle  of 
Toulouse.  In  the  campaign  of  1815  he 
eminently  distinguished  himself,  more  par- 
ticularly at  Waterloo,  having  the  com- 
mand of  the  2nd  brigade  of  the  Ist  divi- 
sion. He  was,  after  that  victory,  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  first  corps  of  the 
British  army  which  marched  from  Waterloo 
to  Paris,  and  on  the  march  took  the  forti- 
fied city  of  Peronne,  and  subsequently  ob- 
tained possession  of  Paris  by  occupying 
the  heights  of  Belle  Yille  and  Mont- 
martre. 

The  deceased  (then  Sir  John  Byng,) 
was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  2nd  West 
India  Regiment  in  July,  1822;  in  January, 
1828,  he  was  removed  to  the  29th  Regi- 
ment, and  in  August,  1850,  he  was  made 
Colonel  of  the  Coldstream  Guards,  in  the 
room  of  his  late  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  Cambridge.  His  lordship,  who  had  fre- 
quently received  the  thanks  of  Parliament 
for  his  military  services,  obtained  from  the 
Crown  an  honourable  augmentation  of  his 
arms  for  his  personal  intrepidity  at  the 
capture  of  Monguerre,  near  Bayonne ;  he 
had  received  the  gold  cross  and  one  clasp 
for  Vittoria,  Pyrenees,  Nivelle,  Nive,  and 
Orthes ;  and  the  silver  war-medal,  with 
one  dasp,  for  Toulouse;  he  was  also 
Knight  of  the  Order  of  Maria  Theresa  of 


90 


Obituary. — Lord  Heytesbury. 


[July, 


Austria,  and  of  St.  George  of  Russia.  In 
addition  to  other  staff  appointments,  he 
had  commanded  the  forces  in  Ireland. 
His  commissions  bore  date  as  follows : — 
Ensign,  September  30,  1793;  lieutenant, 
December  1,  1793;  captain,  May  24, 
1794 ;  lieutenant-colonel,  March  14, 1800 ; 
colonel,  July  25,  1810;  major-general, 
June  4,  1813;  lieutenant-general.  May 
27,  1825 ;  general,  November  23,  1841 ; 
and  field-marshal,  October  2,  1855.  In 
1812  be  was  appointed  Governor  of  Lon- 
donderry and  Gulmore,  and  was  made  a 
privy  councillor  in  1827.  In  1831  he  was 
nominated  a  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of 
the  Bath,  having  in  1828  been  made  a 
Knight  Ghrand  Cross  of  the  Royal  Hano- 
verian Order  of  Knighthood.  From  1831 
np  to  1835  he  represented  the  borough  of 
Poole  in  the  House  of  Commons.  In  1887 
he  was  elevated  to  the  House  of  Lords 
by  the  creation  of  Baron  Strafford,  and 
was  ultimately  created  an  earl  in  1847. 

He  married  first,  in  June,  1804,  Mary, 
eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  Peter  Mackenzie, 
of  Twickenham ;  and  secondly,  he  married 
in  May,  1808,  Marianne,  second  daughter 
of  Sir  Walter  J.  James,  Bart.,  by  Lady 
Jane  Pratt,  sister  of  the  late  Marquis 
Camden,  which  lady  died  in  October,  1845. 
He  leaves  issue  one  only  son,  Viscount 
Enfield,  by  the  first  marriage,  and  two 
daughters  and  a  son  by  the  second — 
namely,  Lady  Harriett,  married  to  Mr. 
Charles  Ramsden ;  Lady  Caroline  Stirling, 
married  to  Sir  Walter  Geo.  Stirling ;  and 
the  Hon.  Wm.  Frederick  Byng,  formerly 
of  the  29th  Foot. 

His  lordship  is  succeeded  in  the  earldom 
by  his  eldest  son,  George  Stevens,  Viscount 
Enfield,  bom  June  8,  1806,  who,  after 
sitting  in  the  House  of  Commons  succes- 
sively from  1831  for  Milboume  Port, 
Poole,  and  Chatham,  to  1852,  was  in  1853 
summoned  to  the  House  of  Lords  by  the 
title  of  Baron  Strafford  of  Harmonds- 
worth.  He  married  first,  in  1829,  Lady 
Agnes  Paget,  fifth  daughter  of  the  late 
Field-Marshal  the  Marqub  of  Anglesey, 
who  died  in  1845 ;  and  secondly,  in  March, 
1848,  Harriet  Elizabeth,  second  daughter 
of  Lord  Chesham.  The  present  peer  has 
held  several  appointments  during  the  Whig 


administrations,  having  been  a  Lord  of 
the  Treasury  in  1834,  Controller  of  the 
Qaeen's  Household,  and  afterwards  Trea- 
surer of  her  Majesty's  Household ;  and  in 
July,  1846,  Secretary  to  the  Board  of 
Control. 


LoBD  Hettesbxjet. 

May  31.  At  Heytesbury,  aged  80,  the 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Heytesbury,  G.C.B. 

The  deceased,  William  h  Court,  Baron 
Heytesbury,  of  Heytesbury,  in  the  county 
of  Wilts.,  in  the  peerage  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  and  a  baronet,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  William  Pierce  Ashe  k  Court, 
who  was  for  many  years  M.P.  for  Ayles- 
bury, by  his  second  wife,  Letitia,  daughter 
of  Henry  Wyndham,  Esq.,  of  the  College, 
Salisbury.  He  was  born  July  11th,  1779, 
and  married,  October  8rd,  1808,  Maria 
Rebecca,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Hon. 
W.  Bouvcrie,  by  which  lady,  who  died 
October  6, 1844,  the  late  lord  leaves  sur- 
viving issue,  a  son,  the  Hon.  W.  H.  Ashe 
h  Court- Holmes,  who  succeeds  to  the 
barony,  and  the  Hon.  Cecilia  Maria,  mar- 
ried to  the  Hon.  Robert  Daly.  In  1801 
the  deceased  was  appointed  by  Lord 
Hawkesbury  (afterwards  Lord  Liverpool) 
Secretary  of  Legation  at  Naples,  and  he 
subsequently  held  many  important  ap- 
pointments. On  Sir  Robert  Peel  coming 
into  office,  in  1834,  he  was  selected  as 
Governor-General  of  India,  but  the  Ad- 
ministration broke  up  before  he  could 
depart  for  India.  On  the  resignation  of 
Earl  de  Grey,  in  July,  1844,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  which 
office  he  held  up  to  July,  1846,  when  the 
late  Sir  Robert  Peel  finally  quitted  the 
Government.  For  many  years  he  had 
enjoyed  a  pension  of  £1,700  a-year,  and 
also  the  office  of  Governor  and  Captain  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight  and  Governor  of  Caris- 
brook  Castle,  but  this  he  resigned  in  1857. 
The  present  peer,  who  assumed  the  addi- 
tional name  of  Holmes  on  his  marriage 
with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  late  Sir 
Leonard  Worsley-Holmes,  Bart.,  is  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  counties  of 
Hants  and  Wilts. 


I860.]       Obituary. — General  Sir  H.  E,  Bunbury,  Bart. 


91 


Gevesal  Sib  H.  E.  BuyBiniY,  Babt. 

April  13.  At  his  seat,  Barton-hall, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  aged  81,  Sir  Henry 
Edward  Banbury,  Bart.,  K.C.B.,and  F.S.A. 

He  WW  bom  on  the  4th  of  May,  1778, 
and  entered  the  army  as  an  ensign  in  the 
Guards  in  the  year  1794;  he  was  sub- 
■equently  promoted  to  a  captaincy  of  the 
light  Dragoons,  and  was  appointed  aide- 
de-camp  to  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  York,  with  whom  he  served  in  the 
disastrous  expedition  to  Holland  in  1799. 
In  1803  and  1804  he  was  attached  to 
the  Quartermaster -General's  staff  on  the 
■oath-east  coast,  at  that  period  of  alarm 
when  Napoleon  was  preparing  on  the  op- 
posite shores  his  gigantic  expedition  for 
the  invasion  of  England. 

In  1805  Lieut. -Colonel  Bunbury  accom- 
panied the  expedition  to  the  Me^ter- 
ranean,  at  the  head  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  department;  he  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Muda,  and  he  did  not  return 
to  England  till  1809 ;  shortly  after  he  was 
made  Under  Secretary  of  State  for  War 
in  the  Portland  Administration,  an  office 
which  he  held  till  1816. 

It  was  during  his  tenure  of  this  office 
that  Sir  Henry  Bunbury,  now  Major- 
General,  accompanied  Lord  Keith  on  the 
delicate  mission  of  announcing  to  the  cap- 
tive ex-Emperor  Napoleon  the  decision  of 
the  British  Government  as  to  his  disposaL 
For  the  discharge  of  that  painfdl  duty  Sir 
Henry  was  well  qualified  by  the  perfect 
eonrtesy  and  tact  for  which  he  was  through 
life  distinguished. 

In  the  same  year  Sir  Henry  received 
the  distinction  of  a  Knight  Commander 
of  the  Bath.  In  the  year  1821  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  baronetcy,  on  the  death  of 
Sir  Thomas  Charles  Bunbury,  his  uncle. 

In  1830,  after  the  county  of  Suffolk  had 
been  uncontested  for  40  years,  Sir  Henry 
was  induced  to  come  forward  on  the  side  of 
the  Beibrmers,  and  he  was  returned,  with 
Mr.  Tyrell ;  in  the  following  year  he  gave 
to  Lord  Grey's  Administration  a  majority 
— ^though  a  bare  one — ^for  the  second  read- 
ing of  the  Reform  Bill.  At  the  dissolution 
which  soon  after  took  place.  Sir  Henry 
was  re-elected,  unopposed,  to  join    the 


band  of  Reformers  which,  almost  without 
exception,  were  then  returned  by  the 
counties.  During  his  brief  Parliamentary 
life  Sir  Henry  futhfully  acted  out  his  pre- 
vious professions  in  favour  of  reform  and 
retrenchment,  civil  and  religious  liberty. 
He  was  offered  by  Earl  Grey  the  office  of 
Secretary  at  War,  which  he  declined  on 
the  ground  of  impaired  health;  and  the 
same  cause  obliged  him,  at  the  dissolution 
which  followed  the  passing  of  the  Reform 
Bill,  to  resign  his  seat,  in  which  he  was 
succeeded  by  Sir  Hyde  Parker.  In  1837, 
when  Mr.  Logan  was  brought  forward  to 
oppose  Mr.  Wilson,  Sir  Henry  was  induced 
to  forego  personal  considerations,  and  to 
join  his  fortunes  with  the  latter  gentle- 
man in  a  contest.  But  the  tide  had  now 
turned  in  the  counties,  two-thirds  of  which 
on  this  occasion  sent  Conservatives  to  Par- 
liament, and  Sir  Henry  and  Mr.  Wilson 
lost  the  election  under  the  new  franchise 
which  had  been  so  triumphantly  carried 
under  the  old  one. 

Though  now  removed  from  public  life, 
Sir  Henry  was  a  consistent  supporter  of 
liberal  policy  and  fiscal  economy ;  and  in 
keeping  with  those  principles,  he  many 
years  ago  resigned  the  pension  to  which 
he  had  become  entitled  by  his  services. 
As  a  country  gentleman  and  a  landlord, 
he  was  not  ostentatious  of  his  zeal  as  a 
farmer's  friend — he  differed  from  the  ma- 
jority of  the  agriculturists  as  to  the  public 
policy  which  was  their  true  interest.  But 
his  anxiety  to  see  the  people  well  employed 
and  fairly  remunerated  was  evinced  on 
various  occasions,  and  was  understood  to 
be  a  condition  in  letting  his  farms.  His 
bounty  was  given  with  freedom  but  dis- 
crimination, and  with  a  desire  to  enable 
the  poor  to  help  themselves,  rather  than 
to  be  dependent  on  eleemosynary  assist- 
ance. 

In  society  Sir  Henry  Bunbury  was  well 
fitted  to  shine.  To  the  frankness  of  a 
soldier,  he  added  the  refinement  of  an  ac- 
complished gentleman.  His  taste  for  the 
fine  arts  was,  in  the  estimation  of  high 
authorities,  unsurpassed;  and  his  patronage 
of  local  talent  was  as  generous  as  it  was 
discerning.  His  collection  of  pictures  at 
Barton  includes  several  fine  specimens  of 


92 


Obituary. — General  Sir  H.  E,  Bunbury,  Bart.       [July, 


Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  In  the  year  1854 
Sir  Henry  published  an  interesting  "Nar- 
rative of  some  Passages  in  the  Great  War 
with  France/'  in  which,  "  as  a  lesson  that 
onght  not  to  be  forgotten,"  he  dwells  on 
the  inefficiency  to  which,  at  the  outbreak 
of  that  war,  our  military  means  had  been 
brought  by  the  neglect  of  the  Oovemment 
during  ten  years  of  peace.  He  states  that, 
after  the  French  had,  in  1793,  declared 
war  against  Great  Britain  and  Holland, 
and  invaded  the  latter  country,  1,700  Foot 
Guards  and  some  scores  of  Artillerymen, 
huddled  on  board  some  empty  colliers 
found  in  the  Thames,  were  all  the  assist- 
ance that  could  be  afforded  to  the  House 
of  Orange  in  the  first  days  of  the  crisis ; 
and  that  during  the  whole  of  that  year 
the  Duke  of  York  never  had  more  than 
3,000  British  Infantry  and  about  700  Light 
Dragoons  under  his  command,  and  not 
many  more  infantry  in  the  year  following. 
Sir  Henry  has  strenuously  vindicated  his 
royal  master  from  the  responsibility  for 
the  failures  of  those  campaign,  which  pro- 
perly belonged  to  the  Ministers  of  the 
day.  But  with  regard  to  the  expedition 
to  the  Heldcr,  though  he  contends  that 
to  the  council  of  war  with  which  the 
Cabinet  had  clogged  the  appointment  of 
the  royal  commander,  and  of  the  com- 
position of  which  he  gives  us  a  curious  ac- 
count, rather  than  to  the  Duke  alone, 
should  be  attached  the  blame  of  the  opera- 
tions, he  candidly  tells  us : — 

"  Much  as  I  loved  the  Duke  personally, 
much  as  I  felt  many  good  and  amiable 
qualities  in  his  character,  much  as  I  owe 
to  him  of  gratitude  for  long  kindness  to 
myself,  I  cannot  but  acknowledge  that  he 
was  not  qualified  to  be  even  the  ostensible 
head  of  a  great  army  on  arduous  service." 

Sir  Henry  gives  a  curious  picture  of  the 
conduct  of  Sir  John  Stuart  at  the  battle 
of  Maida,  of  which  "he  seemed  to  be 
rather  a  spectator  than  the  person  most 
interested  in  the  result;"  forming  no 
plan,  declaring  no  intention,  and  scarcely 
troubling  himself  to  give  an  order ;  can- 
tering about,  perfectly  regardless  of  dan- 
ger, and  indulging  in  little  pleasantries; 
but  after  the  rout  of  the  enemy's  left 
wing,  breaking  out  into  passionate  excla- 
11 


mations — "Begad,  I  never  saw  anything 
so  glorious  as  this !  There  was  nothing  in 
Egypt  to  equal  it!  It's  the  finest  thing 
I  ever  witnessed !"  He  goes  on  to  relate 
that  the  army  was  left  kicking  their  heels 
for  forty-eight  hours  whilst  the  General 
was  absorbed  in  writing  his  despatches; 
an  aide-de-camp  and  a  brig  to  convey  them 
to  England  were  kept  waiting  for  four 
days;  but  the  hero  of  Maida  was  unable 
to  tell  his  story  to  his  satisfaction,  and  the 
letter  was  actually  not  finished  till  they 
reached  the  straits  of  Messina,  a  fortnight 
after  the  battle ! 

In  the  preface  to  his  book  Sir  Henry 
expresses  his  regret  at  having  been  obliged 
to  speak  severely  of  some  passages  in  the 
conduct  of  two  or  three  brave  men,  whose 
reputation  has  been  cherished  by  the 
country.  But  for  his  despription  of  the 
Court  of  Naples  and  Palermo,  which  he 
drew  from  personal  observations  in  Sicily, 
he  offers  no  apology — it  was  too  bad  to  be 
represented  worse  than  it  deserved;  and 
as  a  proof  of  the  anxiety  of  the  Court  that 
the  whole  truth  should  not  reach  the  ears 
of  the  British  Ministers,  he  relates  that, 
just  as  he  was  sailing  for  England,  on  hia 
private  affairs,  in  1809,  a  messenger  from 
Palermo  came  on  board,  and  soon  after 
their  arrival  in  London  the  Sicilian  Am- 
bassador waited  on  Colonel  Bunbury,  to 
tender  for  his  acceptance  "the  Order  of 
Saint  Ferdinand  or  Saint  Something," 
which  "was  declined  with  the  courtesy 
due  to  the  character  of  Prince  Castelcicala, 
but  with  unaltered  sentiments  as  to  his 
sovereigns  and  the  Court  of  Palermo." 

The  present  volunteer  movement  owes 
very  much  of  its  extent  and  success  to  the 
zeal  and  activity  of  Sir  Henry.  From  the 
position  he  had  held  when  England  was 
threatened  with  invasion  more  than  fifty 
years  ago,  he  was  better  acquainted  with 
the  dangers  of  that  period  and  the  spirit 
with  which  they  were  met  than  most  men 
of  the  present  day,  and  this  knowledge 
prompted  an  appeal  from  him  a  year  ago, 
and  an  offer,  if  no  general  movement  took 
place,  to  set  the  example  of  training  a 
certain  number  of  volunteers  at  his  own 
charge.  In  1803,  when  the  peace  of 
Amiens  was  broken,  he  stated  we  had  in 


I860.] 


Obitvabt. — Mev.  James  Hamilton, 


93 


the  United  Kingdom,  nominally,  4^000 
foot  and  12,000  horse,  but  many  battalions 
of  the  line  were  meve  skeletons  of  wom- 
ont  men  from  the  East  and  West  Indies. 
Bnt  the  bold  measure  of  the  Army  of 
Reserve,  and  the  Volcmteers,  had  before 
the  dose  of  antixmn  in  that  year  brought 
np  onr  force  to  S4!2,000  men  enrolled  and 
armed^  which  in  the  aatnmn  of  1804  was 
further  increased  to  510,000,  besides  ar- 
tillery, to  meet  the  150,000  men  whom 
Napoleon  had  prepared  fbr  the  invasion^ 

Sir  Henry  Bunbury  was  twice  married 
•—first,  in  1807,  to  Louisa  Emilia,  daughter 
of  General  Fox,  (under  whom  he  served  in 
Italy,)  and  granddaughter  of  the  first  Lord 
Holland,  who  died  in  1828:  secondly,,  in 
1830,  to  Emily  Louisa,  daughter  of  Colonel 
George  Napier,  by  his  second  wife.  Lady 
Sarah  Lennox,  and  granddaughter  of  the 
fifth  Lord  Napier,  who  survives  him.  By 
his  first  wife^  besides  a  daughter  who  died 
young,  he  had  four  sons,  of  whom  the 
eldest,  now  Sir  Charles  James  Fox  Bun- 
bury,  bom  in  Sicily  in  1809,  succeeds  to 
the  baronetcy  and  estates.  Sir  Charles 
in  1837  contested  the  representation  of 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  and  was  only  two 
votes  below  Earl  Jermyn  on  the  poll. 
Mr.  Edward  Herbert  Bunbury  was  re- 
turned in  1847,  on  the  retirement  of 
Lord  Chaiies  Fitzroy,  but  was  defeated 
by  Mr.  Stuart  in  1852.  Colonel  Henry 
William  St.  Pierre  Bunbury  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Crimean  war ;  and  the 
youthful  bravery  and  forgetfulness  of  self 
displayed  by  Captain  Richard  Hanmer 
Bunbury  (deceased)  at  Navarino  will  not 
readily  be  forgotten. 

The  Mineral  of  Sir  Henry  took  place  at 
Barton  Church,  and  the  bearers  of  the 
body  were,  by  his  express  desire,  "  clothed 
not  in  black,  but  in  grey,  as  more  service- 
able afterwards." 


Rev.  James  Hamilton. 

April  7.  At  the  Rectory,  Beddingtcm, 
aged  49,  the  Rev.  James  Hamilton. 

James  Hamilton,  the  only  son  of  Thomas 

Hamilton,  Esq.,  formerly  of  Paternoster 

Row,  was  born  in  London,  November  9, 

.1811.     His  bright,  open,  active  boyhood 

GBifT.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


ripened  into  a  youth  sedate  and  thought- 
fed;  and,  with  literary  tastes  and  with 
deepening  piety,  he  felt  strongly  attracted 
towards  the  Christian  ministry.  He  went 
to  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  gradu- 
ated there  in  1836.  In  the  following  year 
he  was  ordained,  his  title  to  orders  being 
the  curacy  of  Great  Baddow,  Essex.  Of 
this  parish  he  became  Vicar  in  1840,  and 
in  the  following  year  he  resigned  it  for 
the  rectory  of  Beddington,  Surrey,  where 
he  continued  until  the  day  that  he  died. 

"  Beddington  is  a  beautiM  parish,  em- 
bowered amidst  grand  old  elms,  and  bright 
with  the  Wandle — Izaak  Walton's  own 
Wandle — gleaming  along  through  glade 
and  meadow ;  a  region  so  secluded  as  to 
be  utterly  unconscious  of  London,  only 
twelve  miles  distant.  Its  fourteen  hun- 
dred inhabitants,  partly  grouped  in  two 
or  three  bamlets,  and  partly  sprinkled 
through  various  inviting  nooks  and  cor- 
ners, are  mostly  rural  labourers.  When 
the  new  incumbent  came  there,  nineteen 
years  ago,  he  found  that  there  was  much 
to  do.  Although  the  church  was  very 
picturesque,  it  was  neither  church -like 
nor  home-like  within.  To  restore  its  archi- 
tecture, and  to  render  it  a  comfortable 
place  of  worship,  involved  a  large  outlay, 
but  an  outlay  which  he  shared  so  gener- 
ously as  to  elict  the  cheerful  contribu- 
tions of  his  friends.  In  like  manner  he 
succeeded  in  erecting  commodious  schools ; 
and,  at  a  cost  more  entirely  personal,  he 
provided  for  himself  and  hU  successors  a 
handsome  rectory. 

"  His  people  soon  came  to  know  that  a 
man  of  God  was  among  them.  With  his 
pure,  elevated,  disinterested  deportment, 
with  a  calm  self-control  which  kept  dear 
of  strife  and  partisanship,  and  with  an  ac- 
cessibility which  made  him  the  resort  in 
every  emergency,  they  saw  that  he  was 
evermore  exerting  fbr  their  good  and  for 
his  Master's  glory,  his  rare  and  undisputed 
ascendancy.  Nor  was  it  anv  e£fort  to  him 
to  be  continually  among  them.  He  felt 
himself  their  father.  He  thoroughly  un- 
derstood and  dearly  loved  that  Saxon 
heart,  which,  under  the  fustian  jacket  or 
embroidered  smock,  often  beats  so  loyal 
and  so  true ;  and  many  a  time»  at  the  end 
of  a  long  day's  circuit,  he  came  home  faint 
with  fatigue  and  abstinenee,  bnt  able  to 
think  and  speak  of  nothing  save  the  scenes 
which  had  cheered  or  saddened  his  spirit. 

"Of  all  his  fiock,  however,  the  young 
received  the  largest  and  most  loving  over- 
sight.   The  schools  were  near  the  par* 


94, 


Obituary. — Mr.  Goddard  Johnson. 


['niy, 


BODAge,  and  he  had  a  path  oanstmct^d 
to  them  direct  from  his  own  door.  He 
was  a  daily  visitor,  throwing  life  and  soal 
into  the  lessons,  and  winning  to  himself 
at  once  the  teachers  and  the  Utught.  Be- 
sides the  usnal  routine  of  classwork,  he  was 
anxioas  to  interest  them  in  the  wonderful 
world  around  them.  He  encouraged  them 
to  form  a  little  museum,  to  which  every 
contribution  was  welcome,  from  a  stuffed 
owlet  to  a  stag'hom  beetle ;  and  be  sought 
to  open  their  eyes  to  those  beautiful  flowers 
80  abundant  at  Beddington, — from  the  bee 
and  spider  orchises  so  hizaare  in  the  chalk- 
pits, to  the  lavender  and  roses,  by  the  cul- 
ture of  which  many  of  the  inhabitants 
earn  their  subsistence.  Every  boy  of  pro- 
mise found  in  him  a  zealous  patron,  and 
in  the  line  of  things  for  which  he  seemed 
fittest — clerk,  artizan,  pupil-teacher — was 
sure  to  be  helped  onward  as  long  as  his 
necessities  required  or  his  deserts  might 
justify.  But  it  was  for  their  souls  that  he 
watched,  and  in  order  to  win  them  he 
was  gentle  among  them  as  a  nurse  cherish- 
ing her  children.  There  was  one  season 
especially  on  which  he  concentrated  his 
most  earnest  and  affectionate  efforts.  It 
was  that  period  when  the  youth  of  the 
Church  of  England  make  public  profession 
of  their  faith,  and  from  sponsoriid  tutelage 
pass  over  into  a  state  of  avowed  personal 
responsibility.  From  the  long- continued 
instructions  and  tenderly-solemn  exhorta- 
tions which  preceded  such  seasons,  many 
of  his  younger  parishioners  dated  their 
deepest  religious  impressions. 

"  With  a  constitution  by  no  means 
robust,  he  had  never  been  an  invalid ;  and 
although  his  worn,  attenuated  look  often 
made  hia  friends  uneasy,  it  was  in  vun 
they  said,  '  Spare  thyself.'  Even  his  short 
holiday  he  seemed  glad  to  abbreviate,  so 
as  to  get  back  to  his  beloved  Beddington, 
and  before  he  was  himself  aware,  the  vital 
powers  were  wasted.  Lent  brought  its 
extra  services,  and  he  had  in  addition  some 
sixty  candidates  to  prepare  fur  confirma- 
tion. One  of  these,  as  it  is  now  interest- 
ing to  recal,  was  his  youngest  child  and 
only  daughter.  The  great  task  of  the  year 
was  nearly  ended,  and  after  ten  days  more 
be  might  look  for  relaxation.  The  confir- 
mation was  held  on  Tuesday,  the  27th 
of  March,  and,  according  to  his  custom, 
he  had  provided  for  the  young  people 
dinner  in  the  school-room.  Passing  from 
the  heated  apartments  into  the  keen  open 
air,  he  caught  cold,  which  confined  him  to 
his  bed,  and  soon  assumed  the  form  of 
pleuritic  fever.  With  congested  lungs, 
and  only  able  to  breathe  in  quick  and 
panting   respirations,    the  ntteranoea  of 


these  last  days  were  reduced  to  mono- 
syllables. The  longest  sentence  that  he 
spake  on  the  last  day  of  that  dlitressing 
illness  was  when  some  one  remarked, 
*  You  are  weary,'  and  he  answflired,  *  Yes ; 
but  there  remaineth  a  rest  for  the  people 
of  God.'  He  lingered  on  till  within  an 
hour  of  Easter  Sunday. 

"  Some  will  ask.  To  which  Mction  of  the 
Church  did  he  belong  ?  and  what  was  his 
school  of  theology?  To  which  the  true 
answer  is,  an  eclectic  theologian,  and  a 
Churchman  staunch  and  eiedfast.  His 
time  at  Oxford  was  the  tOp-tide  of  the 
Tractarian  movement,  and  a  spirit  so  de- 
vout and  susceptible  could  hardly  fail 
to  be  impressed  by  the  iurrounding  in- 
fluences; but  happily  fof  himself,  before 
he  listened  to  the  fascioftting  mysticism 
of  Mr.  Newman,  he  had  been  a  constant 
hearer  of  Mr.  Howels,  and  could  never  for- 
get those  sublime  corroications  of  Chris- 
tian philosophy  which  so  often  flashed 
from  the  pulpit  of  Lon^icre  Chapel ;  and 
although  he  left  college  with  strong  Angli- 
can leanings,  they  were  gradually  modi- 
fied by  his  own  sound  Judgment,  and  by 
the  actual  requirement  of  an  earnest 
pastorate.  It  was  the  Gospel  of  the  grace 
of  God  with  which  he  went  to  the  bed- 
sides of  his  dying  parishioners,  and  within 
the  ample  homestead  of  All  genuine  Chris- 
tianity his  spirit  walked  at  liberty.  On 
the  day  that  he  was  dvlng,  waiting  in  an 
adjoining  apartment,  wnlch  was  one  of  the 
spare  bed-rooms  of  the  irectory,  our  eye 
ran  over  the  book-shelvea  provided  fbr  his 
visitors,  and  we  saw  standing  side  by 
side  *The  Christian  Year/  'Taylor's  Holy 
Living  and  Dying,'  'The  Memoirs  of 
Robert  Murray  M'Cheyne,  and  Henry 
Venn;'  we  felt  that  the  collocation  was 
truly  typical  of  the  mind  which  placed 
them  there,  and  which  enbordinated  all 
personal  attachments  and  SBsthetic  pre- 
ferences to  the  Name  that  is  above  all 
others.  In  that  Name  he  would  have  been 
c  mtent  to  have  his  own  merged  and  for- 
gotten :  it  lives,  however,  in  memories 
which  cannot  afford  to  let  it  go,  and  in 
hearts  which  owed  to  him  thmr  first  intro- 
duction to  the  source  of  all  happiness. 
And  although  the  place  that  once  knew 
him  so  well  knows  him  no  more,  genera- 
tions must  come  and  g^  before  Beddington 
forgets  the  benefactor  who  has  left  his 
memorial  in  all  its  dwellings,  and  who 
died,  as  he  had  lived,  in  ite  service." — 
(  Communicated,) 


Mb.  Goddabd  JoHirsoy. 
April  10.    At  Dereham,  aged  83,  Mr. 


I860.] 


Obituaey. — Mr.  Goddard  Johnson. 


95 


(Goddard  Johnson,  a   veteran    archasolo- 
gwt. 

"The  deceased,"  says  the  "Norwich 
Mercnry,"  "enjoyed  the  esteem  and  re- 
spect of  perhaps  as  wide  a  circle  of  friends 
as  any  man  in  any  station  of  life  had  ever 
obtained  for  himself. 

"The  late  Mr.  Goddard  Johnson  was 
strongly  attached  to  the  study  of  antiqui- 
ties, and,  indeed,  his  love  for  the  science 
of  archsBology  in  its  manifold  departments 
was  so  bound  up  in  every  act  of  his  long 
life,  that  his  feelings  upon  this  subject 
were  shewn  to  have  been  neither  gathered 
from  an  accidental  attraction  towards  the 
general  science,  or  from  early  training,  but 
to  be  as  much  a  part  of  his  nature  and  indi- 
vidual self  as  any  one  of  his  senses.  The  last 
fifty  years  of  his  existence  were  passed  in 
the  depths  of  research  among  Roman  re- 
mains, ancient  buildings,  the  mouldering 
contents  of  church  chests,  municipal  mu- 
mments,  numismatic  collections  and  lite- 
rature, ecclesiastical  brass  rubbings,  and 
other  kindred  employments.     Scarcely  a 
coin,  a  fibula,  or  a  piece  of  pottery  could 
be  exhumed  in  the  district  in  which  the 
deceased  antiquary  resided,  but  was  either 
fbund  by  his  own  hand,  brought  to  him 
for  examination,  or  passed  by  purchase  into 
his  hands.    The  knowledge  of  a  '  discovery* 
having  been  made  in  the  county,  found 
its  way  to  the  late  Mr.  Johnson  as  cer- 
tainly as  iron  finds  its  way  to  the  mSgnet. 
Persons  who  had  no  personal  knowledge 
of  him,  considered  it  almost  a  duty  that 
they  should  communicate  any  stray  piece 
ofantiquarian  intelligence  to  him;  and  this 
singularity,  combined  with  his  large  and 
untiring    correspondence    among   friends 
and  acquaintances,  rendered  him  the  depo- 
ntory  of  mach  of  the  current  archsDologi- 
cal  news  of  Norfolk.    No  amount  of  per- 
sonal exertion  daunted  him  in  the  pursuit 
of  knowledge.    Of  simple  habits,  with  a 
mode  of  life  which  a  'Norfolk  dumpling* 
and  a  glass  of  spring  water  would  at  all 
times  amply  satisfy,   and  with  a  frame 
capable  of  enduring,  great  personal  exer- 
tion, even  in  his  latter  days  he  would  un- 
dertake long  journeys  in  behalf  of  his  dar- 
ling pursuit;  but  when  in  the  prime  of 
life,  his  excursions  to  the  seats  of  interest- 


ing places  at  far  distances  were  almost  of 
daily  occurrence.  The  intended  removal 
of  tumuli  on  a  Norfolk  heath,  or  an  exca- 
vation on  the  site  of  some  old  monastery 
or  church,  seemed  to  reach  Goddard  John- 
son instinctively,  and  frequently  before 
the  supposed  secret  operations  could  be 
commenced,  he  would  be  foand  on  the  spot 
to  assist,  indicating,  in  his  unobtrusive 
manner,  the  site  of  the  funereal  urn  filled 
with  the  calcined  bones  of  British,  Roman, 
or  Saxon  progenitors,  descrying  with  the 
eye  of  the  lynx  where  lay  a  first-brass 
Roman  coin  wrapped  in  its  green  mantle 
of  long  accumulated  centuries,  or  taking 
note  whether  the  walls  of  churches  under 
repair  or  destruction  cUsdosed  beneath 
their  successive  coats  of  whitewash  any 
indications  of  mural  puntings.  In  follow- 
ing such  occupations,  or  sitting  at  home 
in  his  small  study  transcribing  or  reading, 
(for  he  had  a  good  library,)  his  life  was 
passed  in  contentment  and  even  pleasure, 
— although  our  antiquary,  in  that  earthly 
region  which  lay  beyond  the  pale  of  his 
home,  had  experienced  considerable  family 
trouUes  and  bereavements.  As  Charlt>s 
Lamb  says,  '  He  was  a  man  that  had  had 
his  losses,  and  as  a  mortal  he  had  also 
borne  and  felt  them.' 

"  The  late  Mr.  GKxldard  Johnson  never 
did  more  than  contemplate  authorship. 
In  truth,  the  knack  and  the  refinement 
necessary  were  not  in  him.  He  could 
neither  round  a  period,  nor  did  he  care  to 
make  himself  capable.  But  this  was  of 
minor  consideration,  because  he  was  never 
desirous  of  keeping  what  he  knew  exclu- 
sively to  himself.  His  numismatic  learn- 
ing, his  collections  on  Folk  Lore,  his 
gatherings  of  old  Norfolk  words  and 
phrases,  have  for  the  most  part  been  free 
to  others,  and  much  collected  by  himself 
has  appeared  in  the  volumes  of  the  Nor- 
folk Archseological  Society,  and  in  works 
publbhed  by  friends,  unacknowledged. 
Still  his  services  in  this  way  have  received 
many  appropriate  acknowledgments,  and 
the  late  Mr.  Dawson  Tomer  of  Yarmouth, 
in  the  printed  catalogue  to  his  Illustrated 
Blomefield,  thus  speaks  of  his  own  in« 
debtedness  to  our  deceased  antiquary : — 

"  *  But  above  all,  to  Mr.  Goddard  John« 


96 


Obituary. — Mr.  Albert  Smith. 


[July, 


son,  whose  efforts  in  snp^ying  the  mb- 
bings  of  inedited  sepulchral  brasses,  and 
whatever  other  objeots  of  antiquity  he 
could  collect,  have  been  pursued  without 
intermission,  and  their  results  commu- 
nicated with  a  hearty  kindness  that  entitle 
him  to  the  warmest  acknowledgments/ 

"Although  Mr.  Johnson  died  at  Dere- 
ham, he  had  quitted  this  city  only  a  few 
years,  and  his  fKends  in  Norwich  are  nu- 
merous. His  death  was  the  result  of  no 
disease,  but  caused  by  that  natural  decline 
of  human  power  which  must,  as  a  sure 
consequence,  visit  the  man  who  had  seen 
so  many  winters,  however  simple  his  life, 
and  however  much  the  least  indulgences 
had  from  taste  or  principle  been  rigidly 
avoided. 

"  Mr.  Johnson  was  employed  by  the  Cor- 
poration of  this  city  in  making  a  Reper- 
tory of  the  city  muniments,  a  task  of 
great  labour." 


Mb.  Albbbt  Smith. 

May  22.  At  North-end  Lodge,  Fulham, 
of  a  sudden  attack  of  bronchitis,  added  to 
former  ailments,  aged  43,  Mr.  Albert 
Smith,  the  well-known  author  and  popular 
lecturer. 

The  deceased  was  bom  at  Chertsey,  on 
the  24th  May,  1816.  His  father  was  a 
surgeon  in  very  good  country  practice,  and 
intended  bringing  up  his  son  to  the  pro- 
fession. The  boy  was  accordingly  sent  to 
Merchant  Taylors'  School;  and  the  ac- 
count of  his  scholastic  experiences,  how  he 
was  bullied  and  homesick,  and  how,  finally, 
he  ran  away,  and  found  his  way  from  Lon- 
don to  Chertsey — all  this  has  been  nar- 
rated by  him  in  the  "  Scattergood  Family." 
But  even  in  the  boy  the  ruling  passion 
began  to  develope  itself;  and  when  eleven 
years  old,  he  was  noticed  in  a  county 
newspaper  as  having  (at  a  public  dinner 
given  to  the  member  for  Surrey)  "sung 
two  songs  in  the  style  of  Matthews  with 
a  genius  and  versatility  that  astonished 
everybody."  From  Merchant  Taylors*  he 
was  sent  to  the  Middlesex  Hospital,  where 
he  gained  several  prizes,  afterwards  con- 
tinuing his  studies  at  the  Hotel  Dieu  in 
Paris.  On  his  return  to  England  he 
practised  with  his  father  as  a  surgeon  at 


Chertsey,  and  went  through  all  the  melan- 
choly drudgery  of  a  country  doctor's  life, 
which  be  has  since  in  so  many  wa^s  de- 
scribed. 

His  literary  tastes  were  early  developed. 
These  he  first  gratified  by  some  contribu- 
tions to  the  "  Medical  Times,"  in  which 
appeared  "  Jasper  Buddie,  or  Confessions 
of  a  Dissecting-room  Porter."  Not  being 
entirely  satisfied  with  his  position  as  a 
surgeon,  he  prepared  views  of  the  scenery 
of  the  Alps,  together  with  a  descriptive 
lecture,  with  which  he  visited  most  of  the 
small  towns  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metro- 
polis during  1839  and  184a  In  1841  he 
settled  in  London,  and  commenced  writing 
for  the  magazines,  in  which  appeared, 
among  a  variety  of  miscellaneous  articles, 
several  of  bis  novels.  He  afterwards  became 
the  dramatic  critic  of  a  weekly  newspaper, 
and  also  wrote  many  "  Physiologies"  of  the 
various  classes  of  London  society, — "  The 
Gent,"  "The  Ballet  Girl,"  "The  Idler 
upon  Town,"  "The  Flirt,"  all  of  which 
had  a  great  sale.  In  1849  Mr.  Smith 
vbited  the  East,  and  on  his  return  pub- 
lished the  result  of  his  travels  in  "  A  Month 
at  Constantinople,"  the  first  of  his  works 
in  which  he  proved  himself  possessed  of 
much  greater  powers  than  were  needed 
for  mere  comic  writing. 

Mr.  Smith,  in  the  autumn  of  1851,  re- 
visited the  scene  of  his  early  predilection, 
and  succeeded  with  much  difficulty  in 
g^ning  the  summit  of  Mont  Blanc,  a  feat 
which  afterwards  became  one  of  every  day 
occurrence.  On  March  15, 1852,  he  pro- 
duced at  the  Egyptian  Hall  his  entertain- 
ment of  "The  Ascent  of  Mont  Blanc," 
wherein  his  rapid  but  distinct  utterance, 
his  humour,  the  well-selected  and  well- 
painted  scenery,  and  his  careful  attention 
to  the  comfort  of  his  auditors,  enabled  him 
to  achieve  an  unprecedented  sucoess.  Tliis 
entertainment  continued  a  standard  fa- 
vourite for  several  years,  when  Mr.  Smith 
determined  on  introducing  the  British 
public  to  an  entirely  new  field  of  observa- 
tion. In  the  autumn  <^  1858,  therefore, 
he  went  to  China,  and  after  remaining 
there  a  sufficient  time  to  make  himself  ac- 
quainted with  the  manners,  customs,  and 
national  peculiarities  of  the  inhabitants  of 


I860.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


97 


the  flowery  land,  he  retamed  to  London, 
and  commenced  a  series  of  pictorial  and 
descriptive  Chinese  entertainments,  always 
delighting  his  overflowing  audiences. 

About  a  year  ago  the  deceased  married 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  Robert  Keeley, 
the  comedian.  His  pictorial  entertain- 
ments are  believed  to  have  enabled  him  to 
realize  a  considerable  fortune,  and  it  is 
said  that  he  contemplated  retiring  into 
private  life,  as  bis  lease  of  the  Egyptian 
Hall  was  very  nearly  expired. 

Speaking  of  Mr.  Smith  some  time  ago, 
a  writer  in  the  '^Illustrated  Times"  re- 
marked : — "  Except  for  a  month's  vaca- 
tion every  year,  this  indefdtigable  gentle- 
man has  never  relaxed  his  labours  since 
'Mont  Blanc'  first  started;  nine  times  a 
week  he  has  gone  through  his  entertain- 
ment, and  sung  his  songs,  never  allowing 
any  real  or  fancied  illness,  or  any  domestic 
matter,  however  onerous  or  worrying,  to 
interrupt  the  dae  discharge  of  his  business. 
There  are  few  that  can  say  as  much.*' 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

May  15.  At  the  reddence  of  his  brother,  Wm. 
8Ude,  esq.,  Crompton  Fold,  Bolton -le- Moors, 
aged  77,  the  Rev.  Jos.  Slade,  Canon  of  Chester, 
and  Rector  of  West  Kirby. 

At  Thorpe,  aged  66,  the  Rev.  G.  MilUr^  Vicar. 

May  19.  At  the  Rectory,  Cavendish,  Soffolk, 
aged  94,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Casiley^  M.A.,  for- 
merly Fellow  of  Jesiu  College,  Cambridge,  and 
for  nearly  53  years  the  Incumbent  of  that  parish. 
He  took  his  degree  of  B.A.  at  Cambridge  in  the 
year  1787,  when  he  was  seventh  Wrangler,  and 
was  the  oldest  surviving  member  on  the  boards 
of  the  University.  Few  men  have  enjoyed  such 
uninterrupted  health  as  Mr.  Castley;  until  the 
fortnight  before  his  decease  he  was  a  constant 
attendant  at  church,  though  the  duty  had  for 
some  few  years  been  done  by  a  curate ;  and  he 
retained  possession  of  his  faculties  to  the  last. 
His  family  appears  to  have  been  remarkable  for 
longevity,  his  father,  who  obtained  the  honours 
of  Senior  Wrangler  and  Chancellor's  Medallist  in 
1755,  having  lived  till  nearly  100  years  of  age,  and 
his  brother  being  still  alive  and  in  the  ei^oyment 
of  good  health. 

May  2S.  At  Hastings,  aged  38,  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Bell  Pryor,  Rector  of  Bennington, 
Herto. 

May  26.  At  Elsecar,  Yorkshire,  aged  40,  the 
Bev.  George Seai/ef  M.  A.,  Lincoln  College,  Oxford, 
Inoombent  of  Elsecar,  and  only  surviving  brother 
of  John  Scaife,  esq.,  solicitor,  Newcastie. 

May  27.  Aged  71,  the  Rev.  8,  T.  Slade  Gully ^ 
of  Trevennen,  Cornwall,  and  Rector  of  Berrynar- 
bor,  Devon. 


Suddenly,  while  preaching,  the  Rev.  W.  Streat- 
feildt  for  thirty-three  years  Vicar  of  East  Ham, 
'Essex. 

At  the  Rectory,  Preeton^on-the-Wildmoors, 
Wellington,  Salop,  aged  60,  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Birds, 
Rector. 

May  29.  At  the  Vicarage,  Ashbury,  aged  73, 
the  Rev.  W»  Chambers^  B.D.,  Vicar,  and  Rural 
Dean  in  the  diocese  of  Oxford. 

May  SI.  At  Tarrant,  Keynston,  the  Rev.  Chas. 
Austen^  Rector  of  Tollard  Royal,  Wilts. 

June  5.  At  Se«id,  Wilts,  aged  75,  the  Rev. 
George  William  Daubeny,  LL.B.,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Archeacon  Daubeny. 

June  6.  Aged  47,  the  Rev.  T.  Chaffers,  M.A., 
Fellow  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford. 

June  9.  In  Blandford-st.,  Portman-sq.,  aged 
75,  the  Rev.  £.  Scohell^  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  St 
Peter's,  Vere-st.,  and  Vlcaa"  of  Turville,  Bucks. 

June  11.  In  Stanhope-st.,  Hyde-park-gardens, 
aged  63,  the  Rev.  Baden  Powell,  SavUian  Pro- 
fessor of  Geometry  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

Jwie  15.  At  Ilfracombe,  aged  47,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Owket  M.  A.,  Incumbent  of  Bothenhamp- 
ton,  Bridport,  formerly  of  Balliol  Coll.,  Oxford. 

June  17.  At  Orsett-terr.,  Hyde-park,  aged  70, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Clayton  Glyn,  of  Durrington- 
house,  Essex. 

June  18.  At  the  East  Indian  Chaplaincy,  Pop- 
lar, the  Rev.  JRobert  Bruce  Boswell,  late  Chaplain 
to  the  H.E.I.C.  on  the  Bengal  Establishment. 

DEATHS. 

ABRAyaSD  IK  CHBOKOLOaiOAL  OBSEB. 

Feb.  5.  At  Nelson,  New  Zealand,  aged  31, 
Charles  Mousley,  esq.,  SX.L.,  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, Cambridge. 

Feb.  14.  On  board  the  "  Blenheim,"  on  his 
voyage  home  from  Calcutta,  aged  31,  James  Val- 
lings,  esq.,  of  H.M.'s  Bengal  Army,  third  son  of 
the  late  Fred.  Vallings,  esq.,  of  Upper  Wobum- 
place. 

March  25.  At  Calcutta,  aged  seven  months, 
Francis,  only  son  of  the  Hon.  Algernon  and  Mrs. 
Chichester. 

March  30.  At  sea,  on  board  H.M.S.  "  Hermes," 
Lieut.  Tathwell  B.  Collinson,  R.N.,  eldest  son  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Collinson,  Vicar  of  Stannington. 
He  was  buried  with  military  honoursAt  St.  Helena. 

Ajpril  2.  In  his  apartments  at  the  Louvre, 
M.  Sauvageot,  the  wdl-known  collector  of  curi- 
osities, and  Honorary  Conservator  of  the  Im- 
perial Museums.  He  was  one  of  the  best  judges 
of  ancient  works  of  art,  and  had  devoted  himself 
for  nearly  sixty  years  to  seeking  out  and  pur- 
chasing such  objects.  His  collection,  estimated 
to  be  worth  600,000f,  or  700,000f.,  he  gave  a  few 
years  back  to  the  Louvre,  on  the  sole  condition 
of  being  permitted  to  remain  under  the  same 
roof  with  it  until  his  death.  At  the  moment  of 
dispossessing  himself,  in  favour  of  the  State,  of 
all  those  objects  so  precious  and  so  dear  to  him, 
he  wished  to  ascertain  their  number  and  value. 
He  had  an  inventory  drawn  out,  conjointiy  with 
an  appraiser,  who  pledged  himself  that  he  would 


98 


Obituast. 


[July, 


estimate  each  object  at  the  price  he  would  pay 
for  it  himself.  He  foond  in  all  1,680  objects, 
divided  into  82  series,  of  which  the  following  are 
the  principal :— 151  of  glass,  94  Italian  earthen- 
ware, 89  enamels,  97  Palissy  earthenware,  90 
irory,  97  bronzes,  142  earrings  in  wood,  60  ftir- 
nitore,  100  arms,  70  Oriental  articles  in  wax,  92 
pictures,  64  painted  glass,  and  130  jewellery. 
The  estimate  of  the  value  attained  the  amount  of 
689,200f.  The  liberality  of  M.  Sauvageot  did  not 
stop  here,  for,  during  the  three  years  that  he 
passed  at  the  Louvre,  he  increased  the  collection 
by  92  articles  worth  from  7,000f.  to  S.OOOf.  It  is 
therefore  a  present  of  nearly  600,000f.  which  a 
poor  private  individual  has  made  to  the  Museum 
of  the  Louvre,  and  at  the  always  increasing 
prices  which  since  1857  all  those  objects  have 
attained  in  public  sales,  it  would  not  be  far  from 
the  truth  to  affirm  that  if  this  fine  collection  were 
now  put  up  to  auction  it  would  sell  for  more  than 
800,000r.— Oclignani. 

April  7.  At  St.  Helena,  aged  56,  C!ol.  F.  Dud- 
geon, late  of  the  44th  Madras  Native  Infantry. 

At  Mussoorie,  Bengal,  Thos.  Harvey,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  General  Sir  M.  Hunter. 

April  8.  At  Forres,  aged  88,  Dr.  John  Grant, 
Staff-surgeon.  He  was  the  third  son  of  Mr.  James 
Grant,  Heathfield,  many  years  factor  for  Strath- 
spey ;  and  was  bom  at  Old  Grantown  on  Nov. 
35, 1771.  At  an  early  age  he  was  sent  to  Maris- 
chal  College,  Aberdeen,  where  the  late  Sir  James 
M'Grigor,  hart.,  was  his  class-fellow.  A  strong 
intimacy  sprung  up  between  them,  which  only 
terminated  with  Sir  James's  death.  Shortly 
after  leaving  college  Mr.  Grant  was  appointed 
Assistant-Surgeon  to  the  Grant  Fencibles,  one  of 
the  Strathspey  regiments,  raised  by  the  late  Sir 
James  Grant  of  Grant,  who  were  embodied  at 
Forres  in  April,  1793 — nearly  seventy  years  ago. 
When  the  Fencibles  were  disbanded  early  in 
1799,  Dr.  Orant  was  appointed  to  the  63rd,  and 
went  through  the  campaign  under  the  Duke  of 
York  in  that  year.  He  was  with  his  regiment 
in  Malta  and  Gibraltar,  and  was  afterwards  placed 
on  the  staff,  and  stationed  for  some  time  in  Aber- 
deen ;  where,  in  conjunction  with  his  friend  Sir 
James  M'Grigor,  Mr.  Robert  Brown,  the  emi- 
nent naturalist,  also  an  intimate  friend,  and  Dr. 
Moir,  he  founded  the  Medical  Hall  and  Library ; 
and  their  portraits  may  now  be  seen  side  by  skle 
in  the  building.  Dr.  Grant,  after  leaving  the 
service,  resided  in  Elgin,  and  subsequently  came 
to  Forres,  where  he  practised  his  profession  from 
1819  to  1832,  when  he  retired ;  but  continued  to 
reside  there  with  little  interruption  till  his  de- 
cease. For  many  years  before,  and  for  some 
time  after,  tbe  Reform  Bill,  he  was  an  active 
magistrate  of  the  burgh,  and  took  a  great  in- 
terest in  all  municipal  matters  and  local  improve- 
ments.—l^((>fres  Oazettt, 

April  K).  At  Kurrachee,  in  Sdnde,  Henry 
Emmanuel  Scott,  esq.,  C.E.,  second  son  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Ck>lonel  Scott,  of  Bevelaw,  Mid- 
Lothfan. 

April  16.  At  the  residence  of  his  brother.  Dr. 
Macpherson,  aged  54,  Major  Macpherson,  poli- 
tical agent  at  the  Court  of  hia  Highness  the  Ma- 


harajah of  Gwalior.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  Macpherson,  Professor  of  Greek  in 
King's  College,  Aberdeen,  and  was  bom  in  Old 
Aberdeen  on  the  7th  of  January,  1806.  He  was 
educated  in  Aberdeen,  afterwards  at  Cambridge, 
and  subsequently  studied  law  at  Edinburgh,  with 
a  view  to  the  Scotch  bar.  He,  however,  relin- 
quished this  intention,  and  accepted  of  an  Indian 
cadetship,  and  went  to  Madras  in  1827,  so  that  at 
his  death  he  had  been  thirty-three  years  in  the 
service.  He  was  first  engaged  on  the  trigono- 
metrical survey  of  India,  and  it  was  while  thus 
employed  that  he  became  interested  in  the 
Khoonds,  his  services  in  connection  with  whom 
were  of  the  highest  utility.  By  the  infiuence 
which  his  character  qualified  him  to  exert  over 
the  native  mind,  he  succeeded  by  the  mere  force 
of  argument  in  persuading  this  tribe  to  give  up 
such  barbarous  customs  as  human  sacrifices  and 
female  infanticide.  The  work  was  not  light. 
He  had  to  labour  in  a  climate  so  pestUential  that 
in  one  month  ninety-five  per  cent,  of  his  native 
followers  were  struck  down,  and  his  own  health 
received  a  shock  so  severe  as  to  compel  a  visit 
for  two  years  to  the  Cape.  His  time  there  w|# 
passed  not  in  idleness  or  in  recreation,  but  ia 
preparing  a  valuable  report  on  the  condition  of 
the  Khoonds,  and  in  visiting,  with  a  view  to  (he 
perfection  of  arrangements  for  their  beneflty  the 
frtmtier  tribes  of  the  Kaffirs  nearly  two  thousand 
miles  distant.  As  a  political  officer  the  4#ccased 
possessed  g^reat  abilities,  and  was  one  9f  the  fore- 
most among  those  who  rendered  important  ser- 
vices to  Government  during  the  ipoet  critical 
period  of  the  mutiny. 

April  20.  At  Brassels,  aged  64f  M.  Charles  de 
Brouckere,  the  burgomaster,  %  very  popular 
functionary.  He  was  bom  at  If aestricht  Jan.  6, 
1796.  In  1831  he  was  Minister  of  War,  and  after- 
wards Minister  of  Finance,  Director  of  the  Mint, 
of  the  Bank  of  Belgium,  Aw.  He  had  held  the 
office  of  burgomaster  eror  since  1848.  Brussels 
is  indebted  to  him  for  an  admirable  supply  of 
water,  and  for  the  restoration  or  eonstruetion  of 
most  of  the  public  monuments.  To  him  likewise 
the  city  owes  the  construction  or  improvement 
of  schools,  churebes,  theatres,  barracks ;  also  the 
adoption  of  various  sanitary  measures.  He  was 
honoured  with  a  public  funeral  at  the  eo«t  of  the 
city,  and  it  has  been  determined  that  a  street 
diall  be  named  after  him,  and  a  monument 
erected  by  subscription- 

April  22.  At  Bombay,  suddenly,  Iieut.-Col. 
J.  H.  G.  Crawford,  Bombay  Engineers. 

April  26.  At  his  residence,  Upton-park-tcr., 
Slough,  aged  47,  John  Ashby,  esq. 

April  27.  At  Nivelles,  in  Belgium,  aged  65, 
GcOTge  Stainford,  esq.,  late  of  Hutton,  Yorkshire, 
and  formerly  of  the  29rd  Fusiliers,  with  which 
regiment  he  served  the  Waterloo  campaign. 

April  29.  At  Bombay,  aged  45,  Capt.  John 
George  Forbes,  Acting  Military  Auditor-General, 
Bombay  Army,  second  son  of  the  late  John 
Forbes  Mitchell,  esq.,  of  Thaniston,  Aberdeen. 

In  camp  at  Oonia,  in  Guserat,  East  Indies,  of 
cholera,  after  a  few  hours'  illness,  aged  21,  Lieut. 
James  Robert  Alfred  Colebrooke,  of  H.M.'s  83d 


i860.] 


Obituary. 


99 


Re^.,  and  youngest  son  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Wm. 
Colebrooke. 

April  30.  At  Woolwich,  aged  74,  John  Rowley, 
a  well-known  sergeant  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 
He  enlisted  into  that  regiment  at  a  time  (1803) 
irhen  the  nation  was  in  alarm  about  the  threat- 
ened invasion  of  Napoleon.  In  August,  1808, 
gunner  Rowley,  belongring  to  the  famed  Major 
Lawson's  company,  commenced  his  active  career 
in  the  Peninsula,  and  left  it  at  the  peace  in  1814. 
During  that  stormy  period  he  fought  in  fifteen 
battles  and  sieges,  besides  nimierous  lesser  affkirs, 
and  was  twice  wounded.  For  these  services  he 
received  the  war  medal  and  eleven  clasps  !  Twice 
he  served  at  Gibraltar,  and  the  rest  of  his  time 
was  passed  in  Guernsey  and  Woolwich,  where 
he  was  discharged  in  1827.  Subsequently  he  was 
employed  for  more  than  a  year  as  a  clerk  in  the 
military  repository  at  Woolwich ;  whence  he  was 
removed  to  Portsmouth,  where  he  filled  the  office 
of  steward  of  the  Ordnance  Hospital  for  twenty- 
two  years.  In  this  way  he  was  close  oo.  fifty 
years  in  the  service  of  his  country. 

May  1.  At  Bombay,  of  cholera,  aged  26,  Henry 
Lee,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Boulton  Pennell,  esq., 
of  Dawlish. 

May  2.  At  Montreal,  Canada,  from  the  effects 
of  a  fall  from  his  horse,  aged  32,  Marcus  Richard, 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  Marcus  Richard  Southwell, 
Yicar  of  St.  Stephen's,  St.  Alban's. 

At  Chalons-sur-Saone,  M.  Deslais,  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  at  the  College  of  that  place. 
He  had  occupied  himself  lately  with  etherization, 
and  on  the  previous  day  had  been  lecturing  upon 
that  subject  to  the  pupils.  The  next  morning 
he  was  found  dead  in  his  room.  He  was  leaning 
with  his  head  over  a  glass  of  ether,  the  windows 
being  open  as  though  to  prevent  suffocation  :  it 
is  supposed,  therefore,  that  he  was  making  some 
experiment  on  himself,  which  proved  fatal. 

May  8.  At  Evesham,  aged  47,  the  wife  of 
Oswald  Cheek,  esq..  Town  Clerk  of  the  borough. 

May  4.  Aged  66,  Mary,  the  wife  of  Gilbert 
Bridges,  esq.,  surgeon,  Narb<m>ugh. 

At  Porldngton,  Salop,  aged  81,  Wm.  Ormsby 
Gore,  esq.  Mr.  Gore  was  a  branch  of  the  noble 
family  of  Gore,  Earls  of  Arran.  He  was  educated 
at  Eton  and  Merton  College,  Oxtordt  and  after- 
wards entered  the  army,  served  as  Aide-de-camp 
to  the  Duke  of  Richmond  and  Earl  of  Hardwick, 
during  their  Lord  Lieutenancy  of  Ireland.  Early 
in  life  he  sat  for  his  native  county  of  Leitrim,  in 
the  Parliament  of  Ireland,  which  county  his 
father  had  also  represented,  and  it  is  said  that  at 
one  time  there  were  no  less  than  thirty  members 
of  this  house  in  the  Irish  Parliament.  In  1815 
he  married  Mary  Jane  Ormsby,  of  Porldngton,  in 
Shropshire,  the  wealthy  heiress  of^be  ancient 
houses  of  Willowbrook,  in  the  eounty  of  Sligo, 
and  at  Owen,  of  Porkington,  Clenenney,  and 
Glyn,  in  the  counties  of  Salop,  Carnarvon,  and 
Merioneth.  Upon  this  occasion  Mr.  Gore  as- 
sumed by  royal  licence  the  additional  surname 
of  Ormsby,  before  that  of  Gure.  Subsequently, 
he  represented  the  Carnarvon  boroughs  during 
one  Parliament,  and  then  came  in  for  the 
Northern  Division  of  Shropshire,  for  which  he 


continued  member  for  more  than  twenty  years, 
and  retired  at  the  general  election  of  1857.  Mr. 
Ormsby  Gore  was  warmly  attached  to  the  Con- 
servative party.  He  was  also  well  known  for 
the  active  part  which  he  took  in  promoting  rail- 
ways in  the  districts  in  which  his  estates  are 
situated.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Shrewsbury 
and  Hereford  Railway  till  his  death.  By  his  lady, 
who  survives  him,  he  has  left  two  sons ;  John 
Ralph,  late  groom-in-waiting  to  her  Majesty, 
formerly  M.P.  for  Carnarvonshire,  and  now  for 
North  Shropshire,  who  is  married  to  Sarah,  dau. 
of  Sir  John  Tyssen  Tyrell,  Bart. ;  and  William 
Richard,  M.P.  for  the  county  of  Leitrim,  mar- 
ried to  Emily,  daa.  of  Adm.  Sir  George  Seymour, 
K.C.B.,  heir  presumptive  to  the  Marquis  of 
Hertford. 

May  5.  At  the  residence  of  his  brother,  (the 
Rev.  Henry  Parry  of  Blyehau,)  aged  85,  Augustus 
ap  Henry  Parry,  esq.,  surgeon,  Llanasaph. 

May  6.    T.  Boult,  esq.,  Wanstead-hall,  Essex. 

During  divine  service,  at  St.  Matthew's  Church, 
Widcombe,  Bath,  aged  59,  King  Ellison,  esq., 
late  of  Rodney-st.,  Liverpool. 

At  Borrowash  Mills,  aged  78,  John  Towle,  esq. 

At  the  episcopal  palace  at  Vannef,  Monseigneur 
de  Broons  de  Tauvert,  who  had  been  bishop  of 
that  see  for  thirty-three  years. 

May  7.  James  Morison,  esq..  White  Rose-hall, 
Barkiogside,  Essex,  late  of  H.M.'s.  Hon.  Corps 
of  Gentlemen-at-Arms. 

Aged  75,  Sarah,  wife  of  R.  Coaks,  esq.,  ot 
Norwich. 

In  the  Lower  Close,  Norwich,  aged  69,  Mari- 
anne, dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  >^  ilHam  Gunn. 

At  Birkenhead,  Mary,  the  wife  of  John  Somer- 
ville  Jackson,  esq. 

May  8.  Aged  53,  Jane,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Kcr,  Incumbent  of  Tipton,  Staffordshire. 

The  Rev.  David  Stewart,  of  Ardnamurchan. 
The  rev.  gentleman  was  in  the  thirty-second  year 
of  his  incumbency.  He  was  a  man  of  original 
character  and  of  mark  in  the  country ;  singularly 
commanding  in  his  personal  appearance,  a  scho- 
lar, a  profound  theologian,  and  much  esteemed 
both  fur  the  gentleness  and  fearlessness  of  his 
disposition.  For  the  last  sixteoi  years,  while  the 
weather,  however  stormy,  did  not  prevent  Mr. 
Stewart  from  performing  regularly  the  duties  of 
his  extensive  district,  he  was  not  one  day  out  of 
his  parish  either  for  health  or  pleasure.  About 
eight  miles  ftrom  the  parish  church  he  erected, 
solely  at  his  own  expense,  a  commo^ous  church 
and  sofaoolhouse  at  a  point  where  they  were  much 
needed.  He  was  foimd  dead  in  bed.— /nceme«« 
Courier. 

At  Newton,  where  he  had  lived  for  above  half- 
a-century,  aged  109,  Hugh  Fullarton,  a  native 
of  Ireland.  His  business  was  that  of  a  slater,  at 
which  he  had  worked  until  within  the  last  few 
years. 

May  9.  Martha,  relict  of  Henry  Pulley,  esq., 
late  of  Norwich. 

At  Hales,  aged  85,  A.  Freston,  esq. 

At  New  York,  aged  67,  Samuel  Gritwold  Good- 
rich, better  known  as  Peter  Parley.  He  was  bom 
in  Conneeticat,  commenced  life  as  a  puUisher 


100 


Obttuast. 


[July, 


in  Harford,  and  after  a  viait  to  Europe  in  1824^ 
removed  to  Boston,  where  he  continued  the  same 
business  in  an  enlarged  fonn^  From  1S28  to  1842 
he  edited  "The  Token,"  an  annual  to  which 
some  of  the  most  ^ebrated  American  writers 
contributed.  In  1827  he  commenced  his  sevies 
of  tales  under  the  name  of  Peter  Farley,  and 
continued  them  at  the  rate  of  a  volume  a  year 
till  1857.  A  "  Cabinet  Library,'*  several  school 
books,  two  volumes  of  poems,  and  a  number  of 
sketches,  &c.,  were  also  written  by  him.  His 
last  work,  published  in  1857,  was  his  "  Recollec- 
tions of  a  Life-time,  or  Men  and  Things  that  I 
have  seen."  In  1867  he  had  written  and  edited 
170  volumes,  of  which  about  7,000,000  copies  had 
been  sold,  and  about  300,000  were  then  sold 
annually.  Ftom  these  works,  though  published 
by  various  parties,  Mr.  Goodrich  realised  a  large 
fortune.  He  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  senate,  and  for  several  years  re- 
sided in  Paris  as  United  States  Consul.  His 
decease  was  sudden,  brought  on  by  disease  ai 
the  heart. 

May  10.  At  Florence,  Theodore  Parker,  a  well- 
known  American  Unitarian  preacher. 

May  11.  At  Madeira,  aged  46,  Sir  F.  Hopkins, 
bt.,  Athboy,  co.  Meath,  and  Rochfort,  West- 
meath. 

In  Pulteney-st.,  Bath,  Jane,  widow  of  Webster 
Whistler,  esq. 

At  Barbados,  after  a  few  days*  illness,  William 
Usher  Mends,  esq.,  Deputy>Gommissary-General 
of  H.M.'s  Forces. 

May  12.  At  Park-pl.,  Cheltenham,  aged  65^ 
Martha,  wife  of  W.  F.  Heather,  es<^ 

At  Melksham,  Wilts,  Richard  L.  Adney,  esq., 
solicitor,  second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  Adney ; 
also.  May  9,  aged  13  months,  William,  youngest 
son  of  the  above. 

At  Montreal,  Canada  East,  aged  29,  Eliza 
Crespigny,  wife  of  Capt  Close,  R.A.,  and  only 
daughter  of  Octavius  Williams,  esq.,  of  Truro. 

May  13.  At  Cheltenham,  Jane,  wife  of  Major 
A.  B.  Kerr,  24th  Regt.,  Madras  Native  Infantry. 

At  Wrelton,  rather  suddenly,  aged  72,  John 
Skelton,  esq. 

At  his  seat,  Scarishrick-hall,  aged  59,  C.  Sca- 
risbriek,  esq.,  of  Scarisbrick  -and  Wrightington. 
The  deceased,  who  was  probably  the  wealthiest 
commoner  in  Lancashire,  was  the  representative 
of  the  Scarisbrick,  Dicconson,  and  Wrightington 
families.  He  was  the  second  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Eccleston,  esq.,  of  Eocleston,  near  Free- 
cot,  the  descendant  of  a  family  that  had  been 
seated  there  for  many  centuries.  During  the 
civil  wars  the  estates  were  sequestered  by  Parlia- 
ment, but  were  subsequently  restored  to  the 
family.  Mr.  Thomas  Eccleston,  the  father  of  the 
deceased  Mr.  Scarisbrick,  sold  the  Eccleston  pro- 
perty in  1812  to  Mr.  Taylor  of  Moeton.  This 
Thomas  Eccleston,  on  the  death  of  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Edward  Dicconson  of  Wrightington,  succeeded 
to  the  Wrightington  property,  and  by  marriage 
with  the  heiress  of  the  Scarisbrick  family  he  ac- 
quired the  Scarisbrick  estates  and  took  the  name 
of  Scarisbrick.  On  his  death  in  1807,  he  left  two 
■cms  and  four  daughters.  The  eldest  son,  Thomas, 

12 


wha  assumed  the  name  of  Scazisbriek,  married 
Sybilla  Georgiana,  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Farington,  of  Shawe-ball,  and  died  without  issue, 
in  the  year  1833.  On  his  death,  the  next  brother, 
the  gentleman  just  deceased,  who  had  succeeded 
his  father  in  the  Wrightington  property,  and 
assumed  the  name  of  Dicconson,  instead  of  Ec- 
cleston, succeeded  to  the  Scarisbrick  property 
also,  and  took  the  name  of  Scarisbrick  only.  His 
succession  thereto  was  disputed  by  his  sisters, 
but  was  confirmed  in  the  highest  court  of  law, 
after  a  prolonged  litigation.  Two  of  his  sisters 
were  married— Anne,  to  Sir  Thomas  Windsor 
Hunloke,  hart.,  by  whom  she  had  a  son,  the 
late  Sir  H.  Hunloke,  hart.,  who  died  issueless, 
and  a>daughter ;  and  Eliza  married  to  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Clifton,  brother  of  the  late  Mr.  Clifton  of 
Lytham-hall,  by  whom  she  has  a  numerous 
family.  The  two  unmarried  sisters  took  the 
name  of  Dicconson.  The  late  Mr.  Scarisbrick 
served  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of  the  county 
in  1859.  He  was  a  Roman  Catholic.  In  politics 
be  was  a  Conservative,  but  beyond  giving  his 
influence  to  the  candidates  of  that  party,  he  took 
no  part  in  public  affairs,  Hving  generally  in  great 
seclusion  at  one  or  other  of  his  seats.  During 
the  last  quarter  of  a  century  he  acquired  vast 
wealth  by  the  increased  value  of  land  at  South- 
port,  where  he  had  **  great  possessions,**  and  his 
income  is  computed  at  £100,000^ a  year;  yet  his 
expenditure  was  very  small.  The  only  extrava- 
gance he  was  ever  known  to  be  guilty  of  was  in 
the  purchase  of  pictures,  and  he  has  left  a  collec- 
tion of  great  value.  He  was  a  very  good  land- 
lord, but  moet  eecentrio  in  his  conduct  Some- 
times nothing  could  induce  him  to  see  a  tenant  if 
he  called  upon  him  ;  and  it  is  said  that  a  gentle- 
man  who  came  from  London  specially  to  see  him 
on  business,  had  to  return  without  an  interview. 
The  deceased  was  never  married  ;  at  least  he 
never  avowed  a  marriage,  although  it  has  been 
at  times  rumoured  that  he  had  contracted  an 
alliance  abroad.— iVe«<on  Chronule. 

May  14.  At  her  residence,  Newtown-house, 
near  Box,  Wilts,  Mrs.  Holworthy,  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Gyde  Adey,  esq. 

At  Prior-park-baildings,  Bath,  aged  76,  Wm. 
Evans,  esq.,  B.N. 

At  her  residence,  Priory-st.,  Cheltenham,  aged 
83,  Jemima,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 
Clutterbuok,  esq.,  of  Watford-house,  Herts. 

At  Inverness-road,  Hyde-park,  aged  71,  Sarah, 
widow  of  William  Irving,  esq.,  of  Norfolk-terr., 
Brighton. 

May  15.  At  her  reaidenoe,  Glocester-row, 
Weymouth,  aged  86,  Sarah,  widow  of  Colonel 
James  Brskine,  C.B.,  late  of  H.M.'s  48th  Regt. 

At  Banstead-pl.,  aged  68,  Anne,  wife  of  W.  S. 
H.  Fitzroy,  esq. 

At  Chehnsford,  aged  81,  8.  Miller,  esq.,  M.D., 
for  upwards  of  forty  years  practising  physician 
in  that  town,  and  formerly  of  the  Island  of 
Barbados. 

May  16.  At  Castle  Park-terraoe,  Ashborton, 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  Sir  H.  Browne,  of  Brownylfa, 
St.  Asaph,  Flintshire. 

At  Grantham,  aged  84,  John  Gamer,  esq.,  J.P. 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


101 


At  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law,  (T.  H. 
Willans,  esq.,  Liverpool,)  aged  69,  William  Isaac 
Morgan,  esq.,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  the  King 
and  Queen's  College  of  Physicians  in  Ireland. 

At  Dilston,  Northumberland,  aged  65,  Hannah 
EUza,  wife  of  John  Grey,  of  Dilston. 

Suddenly,  at  Beech-grove,  Sunning-hill,  aged 
64,  Samnel  Toller,  esq. 

May  17.  At  Brixton,  Emily,  wife  of  Henry 
Kingsford,  esq.,  of  Littlebourne,  Kent. 

At  Wensley-hall,  near  Leybum,  Margaret 
Bruce  Dorothy,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wm. 
Wharton,  Ticar  of  GilUng,  near  Richmond. 

May  18.  AtLake-villa,  Freemantle-park,  South- 
ampton, aged  34,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Taylor, 
esq.,  of  Carshalton-park,  Surrey,  andof  Swanage, 
Dorset. 

At  Dedham,  Essex,  Anne  Agnes,  the  wife  of 
W.  H.  Penrose,  esq.,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Lillingrston,  esq.,  of  the  Chauntry,  Ipswich. 

At  his  residence,  Brunswick-house,  Hammer- 
smith, John  Williams,  esq.,  one  of  the  Justices 
for  the  County  of  Devon  and  Borough  of  Deton- 
port. 

At  Yentnor,  Isle  of  Wight,  Archibald  Home, 
esq.,  Jun.,  of  Inverchroskie  and  Whitefleld,  Perth- 
shire, N.B. 

At  the  Curragh-eamp,  Ireland,  aged  23,  Capt. 
John  Colling,  of  H.M.'s  26th  Cameronian  Begt., 
having  been  mortally  wounded  by  a  stray  bullet 
at  rifle  practice. 

At  his  residence.  Craven-lodge,  near  Halifax, 
John  Emmet,  esq. 

At  Stowmarket,  aged  73,  Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
F.  H.  Maberly,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Great  Flnborough, 
Suffolk. 

At  Malta,  Thomas  Blayds  Molyneux,  esq.,  late 
of  Malta. 

Joshua  Russell,  esq.,  Jun.,  of  Cookham,  Berks, 
son  of  the  Rev.  J.  Russell,  of  Blaokheath-hill. 

At  Paris,  M.  Jules  Cahaigne,  formerly  editor 
of  the  Commune. 

May  19.  At  the  residence  of  D.  Hands,  esq., 
Dorset-sq.,  Annie,  younger  dau.  of  the  late  R. 
Jones,  esq.,  of  The  Box,  Awre,  Gloucestershire. 

At  her  residence,  Blenheim-road,  St.  John's- 
wood,  aged  87,  Ann,  widow  of  Henry  Grundy 
Renshaw,  esq. 

Aged  67,  Henry  Luard,  esq.,  fifth  son  of  the 
late  Peter  John  Luard,  esq.,  of  Blyborough-hall, 
Lincolnshire. 

At  Yoelas,  Denbighshire,  aged  69,  Sarah,  wife 
of  C.  W.  G.  Wynne,  esq. 

At  Hastings,  aged  40,  Andrew  Peddie  How, 
esq.,  of  Mark-lane,  London. 

At  Budleigh  Salterton,  Caroline,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Robert  Tate,  esq.,  of  Bath. 

At  Field-end,  Haslemere,  Surrey,  aged  81, 
Charlotte,  wife  of  James  Simmons,  esq. 

At  Sidmouth,  Wm.  Clark,  esq.,  of  Glooeester- 
terr.,  Campden-hill,  London. 

M.  Philip  Lebas,  son  of  the  Conventlonist  of 
that  name,  and  member  of  the  Institute.  He  was 
chosen  in  1820  by  Queen  Hortense  as  the  tutor  of 
Prince  Louis  Napoleon,  the  present  Emperor. 
It  was  M.  Lebas  who,  in  1830,  restored  the 
celebrated  inscription  on  the  pediment  of  the 

Qbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Panth^n,  <*  Aux  grands  hommes,  la  Fatrie  re- 
connaissante."  M.  Lebas  had  been  for  some  years 
past  librarian  at  the  Sorbonne ;  and  he  was  also 
an  examiner  in  (^reek  Literature  at  the  Superior 
Normal  School. 

At  Marseilles,  the  Count  Henri  de  Pradine, 
Controller-General  of  the  army  under  the  first 
Empire,  and  afterwards  Receiver  of  the  Finances 
at  Chateaudun. 

May  20.  At  Ivinitza,  Russia,  Lucy,  Baroness 
de  Chandoir,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  A.  Crichton. 

At  Heigham,  aged  52,  Elizabeth  Caroline, 
second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dennis  Hill,  of  Gressen- 
hall  Rectory. 

At  his  residence  at  Cowes,  Spencer  de  Horsey, 
esq.  The  deceased,  who  was  fbrmerly  well  known 
as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  was  son 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kilderbee,  formerly  Rector  of 
Campsey  Ash,  who  took  the  name  of  De  Horsey. 
He  niarried  in  1824  Lady  Louisa  Rous,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  first  Earl  of  Stradbroke,  and  sister  to 
the  present  Earl,  by  whom  he  leaves  two  sons, 
Capt.  de  Horsey,  R.N.,  and  lieut-Col.  de  Horsey, 
of  the  Grenadier  Guards,  and  a  dau.,  the  Coun- 
tess of  Cardigan. 

At  Paris,  Rear-Adm.  Guillois,  Councillor  of 
State,  formerly  Maritime  Prefect  at  Cherburg, 
and  Director  of  the  Cabinet  of  the  Minister  of 
the  Marine. 

May  21.  At  Brighton,  aged  69,  Charles  Parke, 
esq.,  of  Henbury-house,  Sturminster  Marshall, 
J. P.  for  Dorset. 

At  Torquay,  aged  39,  Capt.  R.  W.  Mackechnie, 
H.M.*8  5th  Regt.  Bombay  N.I. 

At  Belgrave,  aged  71,  the  wife  of  Mr.  Daniel 
Cbx,  and  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Throsby,  gent.,  compiler  of  the  History  of  Lei- 
cester. 

At  North-villa,  Regent's-park,  Maj.-Gen.  W» 
Miles,  H.E.I.8.,  and  of  Cheshunt,  Herts. 

At  Sonthfield-lodge,  Eastbourne,  aged  86,  Sir 
Wm.  Domville,  bart..  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in 
1813-14,  when  the  Allied  Sovereigns  were  enter- 
tained at  Guildhall. 

In  Brompton-sq.,  aged  45,  Wm.  Hook  Morley, 
esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  barrister-at-law. 

At  Edinburgh,  suddenly,  from  congestion  of 
the  brain.  Professor  Lizars.  In  early  life  the 
deceased  served  as  surgeon  in  the  Royal  Navy, 
and  on  his  retirement  fh>m  the  service  he  settled 
in  Edinburgh,  where  his  reputation  as  an  able 
and  successful  operator  has  always  stood  high. 
He  held  for  thirty  years  the  position  of  Professor 
of  Surgery  in  connection  with  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons,  and  was  also  for  a  considerable  time 
senior  operating  surgeon  of  the  Royal  Infirmary. 
Mr.  Lizars  was  the  author  of  several  medical 
works ;  his  **  Anatomical  Plates"  more  particu- 
larly holding  an  important  place  in  the  estima* 
tion  of  the  profession. 

May  22.  Aged  67,  Lieut.-Col.  Sir  Archibald 
Murray,  bart.,  late  of  the  3rd  Fodlier  Guards. 

At  Bowde,  aged  74,  John  Fisher,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  the  Elms,  Shirley,  near 
Southampton,  aged  84,  Henry  Grimes,  esq.,  late 
of  Coton-honse,  near  Rugby. 

May  33.    At  Chelmsford,  suddenly,  aged  61, 

0 


102 


Obituaat. 


[July, 


W.  Gibson,  esq.,  of  Ongar,  Clerk  of  the  Peace  tct 
the  county  of  Sasex. 

At  his  residence,  acyoining  the  Palace,  Mr.  F. 
H.  Glover,  F.S.A.  Deeeased  had  been  librarian 
to  the  Queen,  for  upwards  of  twenty  years. 

At  Union-terr.,  Plymouth,  Agnes,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Henry  Holland  8earle,  esq.,  late  Lieut. 
R.N.  Hospital,  Stonehonse,  and  of  Netherton- 
bouse,  Devon. 

At  Stock,  near  Ingatestone,  aged  55,  William 
Arthur,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt..Heywood,  of 
Colchester. 

In  Pulteney-st.,  Bath,  aged  K%  Anne,  wife  of 
W.  Hunt,  esq.,  and  only  dau.  of  the  late  W. 
Pritchard,  esq.,  of  Bath. 

In  St.  James's-sq.,  Notting-hiU,  aged  76,  Sarah, 
widow  of  John  Bayfield  Nettleship,  esq.,  of  Hingf>. 
ham,  Norfolk. 

At  Cottingham,  Mr.  J.  Hill,  of  Hull,  solicitor. 

At  Falmoutb^  aged  72,  John  White,  esq.,  mer- 
chant. 

At  Berwick,  N.B.,  at  the  residence  of  her  son, 
the  Rev.  J.  R.  Dakers,  aged  73,  Charlotte,  widow 
of  the  late  Colin  Dakers,  esq.,  M.D^ 

At  Anglesqueville  (Seine-Inferieure),  after  a 
short  illness,  Rear-Admiral  Aubry-Bailleul,  a 
former  Governor  of  Guadalonpe. 

May  24.  At  Warwick,  aged  71,  Joseph  Moore 
Boultbee,  esq., '  of  Springfield,  Lieut.-Col.  Ist 
Warwick  Militia.  The  review  of  the  regiment 
terminated  in  a  fatal  accident  to  the  Colonel.  He 
was  riding  at  the  head  of  his  regiment  on  an 
Arabian  charger,  when  it  started,  and  struck 
against  the  horse  of  Lord  Leigh.  The  Colonel 
lost  his  stirrup,  and  the  horse  threw  him.  By 
the  fall  he  sustained  concussion  of  the  brain,  and 
died  in  about  two  hours  afterwards. 

At  his  residence  in  the  Albany,  Arthur  Brisco, 
eeq.,  of  Newtown-hall,  Montgomeryshire,  11th 
Hussars,  and  second  son  of  Wastel  Brisco»  esq., 
of  Bohemia,  near  Hastings. 

Suddenly,  at  Impington-hall,  Cambridgeshire! 
aged  51,  Alexander  Cotton,  esq.,  J.P.  for  the 
county,  and  of  Landwade,  Lieut.  B.N. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  78,  Jane,  relict  of  John 
Avery,  esq. 

In  London,  aged  68,  LIeut.-Col.  Thos.  Dundas, 
of  Carron-hall  and  Torwood.  The  deceased  was 
the  son  of  Major-Gen.  Thomas  Dundas  and  Lady 
Helena,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Home.  He  at- 
tended the  Military  CoU^^c  at  Marlow,  and  after- 
wards entered  the  army  as  ensign  in  the  52nd 
Light  Infantry,  which  formed  part  of  the  light 
Division.  He  afterwards  joined  the  1st  Royal 
Dragoons  as  lieutenant,  and  subsequently  was 
appointed  captain  of  t^e  15th  Hussars.  H 
marched  into  France  with  the  army  of  occupa- 
tion, but  almost  immediately  returned  home, 
find  in  1815  married  Charlotte  Anna,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Boultbee,  esq.,  of  Springfidd-house,  War- 
wick. On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  the  same 
year  he  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  in  1816  retired 
on  half-pay  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  was 
iubsequentiy  advanced  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
Qolonel.  In  private  conversation  the  Colonel 
fought  his  battles  o'er  again  with  a  hearty  good- 
Will.    He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  Estoblished 


Chureh,  in  which  he  was  an  elder  for  many 
jean.'—FaUdand  Herald, 

May  25.  At  Clifton,  suddenly,  Jas.  Alexander 
Gibson,  esq.,  of  Launceston,  Tasmania,  late  Chief 
Agent  of  the  Van  Dieman's  Land  Company,  Mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  Justice  of 
the  Peace  in  that  colony. 

At  the  Cathedral  School,  Exeter,  of  consump- 
tion, Emily  Martha,  wife  of  Edm.  T.  Foweraker, 
and  dau.  of  W.  Munk,  esq..  Mount  Radford- 
honse,  Exeter. 

At  Winterton  Rectory,  Norfolk,  aged  66,  Eli- 
sabeth, wife  of  the  Rev.  J*  Nelson. 

At  his  residence,  Comwall-terr.,  Regent*8- 
park,  Robert  Bayard,  esq.,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Major  Bayard,  of  Bath.. 

At  the  Rectory,  ShilUngstone,  Dorset,  aged  44, 
Walter  Comyns  Dunsford,  esq. 

At  Whickham,  aged  95,  Robert  Grey,  esq., 
formerly  of  Shorestone-hall. 

At  WaUisGOte-hpuse,  near  Reading,  aged  79, 
Yice-Admiral  Robert  Merrick  Fowlexv 

At  Thomer,.  near  Leeds,  Charles  Clough,  esq., 
of  Bradford,  solicitor. 

At  Playford,  near  Ipswich,  aged  77,  Mr.  Arthur 
Biddell.  Few  men  have  descended  to  the  grave, 
at  a  ripe  old  age,  with  a  larger  share  of  the  re- 
spect and  affection  of  his  survivors..  Possessed 
of  natural  powers  of  no  common  order,  it  was  the 
opinion  of  a  near  relaUve  standing,  in  the  very 
highest  ranks  of  science,  that,  with  the  same  ad- 
vantages, Mr.  Biddell  would  have  taken  as  high 
a  place  as  himself;  but  his  education  was  con- 
fined to  what  could  be  afforded  by  the  village 
school  of  Rougham .  For  upwards  of  half  a  cen- 
tury he  occupied  the  Hill  Farm  at  Playford 
(where  he  died;  under  the  noble  house  of  Ick- 
worth,  and  to  his  mechanical  inventiveness, 
which  procured  for  him  the  ftriendship  of  the  late 
Sir  William  Cubitt  and  other  men  of  science, 
agriculture  and  other  ants  are  indebted  for  many 
implements  and  improvements,  for  one  of  which, 
the  hay-borer,  he  received  a  silver  medal  from 
the  Society  of  Arts,  and  his  scarifier  is  the  best 
known.  In  his  public  capacity  as  a  valuer,  he 
was  highly  esteemed  for  his  independence  and 
correctness  of  jpdgment,  and  in  tithe  appor- 
tioning and  valuing  for  rates  he  was  employed 
perhaps  to  a  larger  extent  than  any  other  man 
in  the  county.  He  had  been  a  great  sufferer  fh>m 
rheumatism  for  some  time,  bnt  he  rode  about  his 
farm  on  Wednesday,  and  was  as  well  as  usual  in 
the  evening.  About  two  o'clock  on  Thursday 
morning  he  was  seised  with  a  violent  attack, 
followed  very  soon  by  a  state  of  unconsciousness, 
in  which  he  expired  on  the  following  morning. 

May  26.  Rather  suddenly,  aged  88,  Miss  Sal- 
mond,  of  Minster-yard,  York.  In  her  the  various 
religious  and  ehuritable  societies  of  York  have 
lost  a  liberal  benefactor,  and  the  poor  a  warm 
friend. 

At  his  residence,  Codnor,  aged  80,  Wm.  Slack, 
esq.,  the  founder  of  a  Wesleyan  Methodist  chapel 
at  that  place. 

At  Kensington  Palace-gardens,  very  suddenly, 
aged  57,  Joseph  Barle,  esq. 

Aged  78,  Samuel  EUlKm  Peane,  esq.,  R.N., 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


103 


the  renerable  vestry-clerk  and  boroagh-treasurer 
of  Gateshead.  His  remains  were  interred  in  St. 
Cnthbert's  churchyard,  Bensham.  Mr.  Pearse 
Benred  an  apprenticeship  at  sea  on  board  a  Tyne 
collier,  and  was  pressed  in  Tarmouth  Roads  in 
1800.  He  rose  in  the  Nary  to  the  offices  of  quarter- 
master and  captain  of  the  foretop ;  and  after  being 
engaged  in  some  smaller  afREiirs,  he  was  in  a  fly- 
ing squadron  supporting  the  fleet  under  Nelson 
at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  luorA  Oollingwood 
appointed  him  sailing-master  in  l€ll ;  and  he 
afterwards  served  in  the  West  Indies,  and  on 
the  coast  of  Labrador,  with  Captain  Murray,  of 
H.M.'s  frigate  *'  Valorous."  On  his  retirement, 
he  became  a  resident  of  Gateshead,  and  had  lived 
there  many  years. 

Aged  40,  David  Bristow,  (burth  son  of  EIUb 
John  Troughton,  esq. 

Mary,  the  wife  of  James  Wyon,  esq.,  of  the 
Royal  Mint. 

May  27.  At  Nivelles,  Belgium,  aged  64,  Geo. 
Stainforth,  esq.,  late  of  Hutton,  and  formerly  of 
the  23rd  Fusiliers,  with  which  regiment  he  served 
in  the  Waterloo  campaign. 

At  Newark,  aged  62,  Mr.  William  Hall,  coach- 
maker.  Mr.  Hall  filled  the  office  of  mayor  in  the 
two  successive  years  1850  and  1861.  He  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Improvement  Com- 
missioners when  they  commenced  their  labours 
under  the  new  Act  in  August,  1861,  and  con- 
tinued to  hold  that  position  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  with  the  exception  of  the  year  1853-4,  when 
Mr.  Ragsdale  filled  the  office. 

At  Almholme,  near  Doncaster,  much  and  de- 
servedly esteemed,  aged  77,  Maiy,  rdiet  of  Nathan 
Workman,  esq. 

At  Witchampton,  aged  72,  Mr.  Wm.  Burt,  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Burt  and  Son,  of  the 
paper  miUs. 

At  Clapham-rise,  aged  70,  £dw.  Jenkins,  esq. 

In  Clarence-sq.,  Oosport,  Jane,  wife  of  Thomas 
W.  M'Oonald,  esq.,  Deputy-Inspector-General  of 
Hospitals  and  Fleets. 

At  her  residence  in  Leamington,  aged  84, 
Maria,  relict  of  G.  Eld  Smith,  esq.,  formerly  of 
Linton,  Derbyshire. 

At  Burton-much- Wenlock,  Shropsh.,  aged  29, 
Geo.  Baugh,  esq.,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Mrs. 
William  Hunt,  Pulteney-street,  surviving  his 
mother  but  four  days. 

Aged  57,  George  Roberts,  esq.,  of  Castle^treet, 
Dover,  late  of  Lyme  B^is,  Dorset. 

At  High  Wycombe,  aged  80,  John  Nash,  esq. 

At  South- West  Buildings,  Weston-rd.,  aged  77, 
Mrs.  Marshall,  widow  of  Henry  Augustus  Mar- 
shall, esq.,  Civil  Service,  -Island  of  Ceylon. 

May  28.  Suddenly,  aged  60,  Samuel  Minton, 
esq.,  of  Clewer-court,  Windsor. 

At  Lower  Orosvenor-street,  aged  49,  Captain 
Charles  Barker,  R.N. 

Aged  33,  Frances  Bell,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Smith,  Yicar  of  Easton  Maudit,  Northampton- 
shire. 

At  Western-cottages,  Brighton,  aged  60,  Miss 
Charlotte  Mackintosh. 

At  Bedcar,  Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Shepherd,  Yioar  of  Rodby  in  CleTeland. 


Aged  70,  Mrs.  Mary  Atkinson,  relict  of  Thomas 
Atkinson,  esq.,  late  of  the  Post-office,  and  Castle- 
nau-villas,  Bames',  Surrey. 

At  Hampshire-ter.,  Camden-villas,  aged  83, 
Mrs.  Sarah  Anne  Filmore,  widow  of  Abraham 
Filmore,  esq.,  of  Ilsington  and  Devonport. 

At  Pan,  aged  34,  Marion  Sadlier,  wife  of  W. 
Hore,  esq.,  and  only  dan.  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Limerick. 

At  Ridgway,  aged  54,  Hannah,  wife  of  Wm. 
Harriott,  esq..  Master  R.N. 

At  Westboume-pl.,  £aton-sq.,  aged  52,  Mary 
Jane,  wife  of  William  Johnston,  esq. 

Aged  38,  James  Grant,  wife  of  Samuel  Grundy, 
esq..  Bridge-hall,  Bury,  Lancashire. 

May  29.  At  Isham  Rectory,  Northamptonshire, 
aged  21,  William  Mellor  Brown,  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Mellor  Brown,  Rector  of  Isham. 

At  St.  Leonards,  aged  78,  William  Butterworth 
Bayley,  esq.,  for  many  years  a  director,  and  at 
one  time  Chairman,  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Com- 
pany. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  47,  Anne  Jane,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Geare,  late  of  Woodstock. 

At  Boltons,  West  Brompton,  aged  59,  Eliza- 
beth Ann,  dau.  of  the  4ate  Rev.  Richard  Lucas, 
of  Hitohin,  Herts. 

In  Prospect-st.,  Flymoath,  aged  71,  Mr.  Thoe. 
Ham,  shipowner. 

Hannah,  relict  of  7ohn  Alsop,  esq.,  of  Lea- 
bridge. 

In  Southwick-st.,  Hyde-park«4q.,  aged  66, 
Hugh  Alexander  Emerson,  esq.,  late  Solicitor- 
General  of  Newfoundland. 

May  80.  At  Clifton,  aged  88,  Captain  C.  W. 
Timbrell,  of  the  Bengal  Artillery. 

At  his  residence.  The  Grove,  East  Dulwich, 
aged  69,  Samuel  Hall,  esq.,  of  Bridge-row. 

Aged  26,  George  Ravensoroft  Seaoome,  esq., 
Lieut.  2nd  Grenadier  Regt.  Her  Majesty's  Indian 
Army. 

At  Royal-cres.,  Nottlng-hill,  JUnity  Munro,  wife 
of  the  late  Rev.  F.  Edgeworth,  of  Edgeworths- 
town  and  Kingstown,  Lreland. 

At  Eldon-road,  Kensington,  aged  77,  George 
WooUey,  esq.,  M.D.,  formerly  of  Brompton-row, 
Middlesex,  and  upwards  of  forty  years  Medical 
Attendant  at  the  Royal  Humane  Society's  Re- 
ceiving-house, Hyde-park. 

May  31.  At  Heytesbury,  aged  80,  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Lord  Heytesbury,  G.C.B. 

At  the  Pttddock,  Thetford,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Bid- 
well,  relict  of  John  Bid  well,  esq.,  long  head  of  the 
Consular  Department,  Foreign  Office. 

Sudd^y,  at  South  Wembury-house,  near  Ply- 
month,  fh>m  a  severe  attack  of  apoplexy,  Mary 
Caldwell,  only  dau.  of  the  late  John  Parks,  esq.. 
Crescent,  Bath,  and  wife  of  Alexander  Little, 
Commander  R.N. 

After  two  days'  illness,  whilst  on  a  visit  at  E. 
L.  Crewe's,  esq.,  Repton-park,  Sarah  Jane,  ooly 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Inehbald,  late  Incumbent 
of  St.  Mary's,  Rochdale,  Lancashire. 

At  her  residence,  Ruthin,  North  Wales,  aged 
66,  Mrs.  Ann  Maurice,  relict  of  Thomas  Maurice, 
esq. 


104 


Obituakt. 


[July, 


James  SUlwell,  esq.,  of  The  Arenne,  Lower 
Tooting. 

At  Kingston-ttpon-Thames,  aged  58,  Martha, 
wife  of  Mr.  R.  F.  Bartrop,  solicitor. 

At  St.  Leonard'n-on-Sea,  aged  38,  John  AUeyne 
Simmons,  esq.,  of  Tauclase  Estate,  Barbados. 

At  Cheltenham,  Isabella  Maria,  youngest  dan. 
of  the  late  Thomas  McWhinney,  esq.,  of  IQngs- 
ton,  Jamaica. 

In  Belmont-st.,  Aberdeen,  Mary,  second  dan. 
of  the  late  Gen.  Hay,  of  Rannes,  and  relict  of 
Major  Mitchell,  of  Ashgrove. 

At  CkJtham,  John  Holmes,  esq.,  whose  monifl- 
cence  was  of  a  character  little  thoaght  of  by 
those  who  knew  his  quiet  and  unostentatious 
life.  Living  the  greater  part  of  his  days  in 
Bristol,  although  not  a  native,  he,  during  his 
long  life,  distributed  his  means  with  no  scanty 
hand  to  many  of  the  local  charities,  and  also  to- 
wards the  erection  of  numerous  places  of  worship 
of  all  denominations,  as  well  as  to  schools,  and  to 
other  more  private  objects,  thus  dispensing  in  his 
lifetime  a  large  portion  of  a  handsome  fortune, 
amounting  to  little  less  than  £80,000.— 2?mto< 
Daily  Post. 

At  Cuckfield,  aged  75,  Mary  Frances,  wife  of 
Lovel  Byass,  etfq.,  surgeon,  of  Cuckfield.  Twice 
during  tiie  period  that  Mr.  Byass  has  practised  in 
Sussex  his  friends  and  patients  have  expressed 
their  admiration  of  his  skill  and  character  by 
valuable  presentations  of  plate,  and  in  1856,  on 
the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  their  settling  at  Cuck- 
field, when  a  service  of  plate  was  publicly  pre- 
sented him,  an  or-moulu  timepiece  was  also  pre- 
sented to  his  wife,  whose  charitable  attentions  to 
her  poorer  neighbours  had  greatly  endeared  her 
to  all  classes. 

Lately.  Aged  98,  Miss  Charlotte  Pilgrim,  who, 
it  is  stated,  for  ninety-three  years  was  never  ab- 
sent ftrom  the  parish  of  Watton  one  month. 

Of  wounds  received  in  an  attack  made  upon 
him  by  one  of  the  chiefs  under  Negoussi,  the 
rebel  Governor  of  Tigr6,  while  he  was  traveUing 
through  that  province  on  his  way  from  Gondar 
to  Massowa,  Mr.  Plowden,  her  Majesty's  Consul 
in  Abyssinia.  He  was  ransomed  by  King  Theo- 
dore for  1,000  dollars,  but  was  already  in  a  dying 
state. 

At  Moscow,  after  having  been  delivered  of  a 
dead  child,  Julia  Pastrana,  a  native  of  South 
America,  who,  although  a  perfect  woman  in  other 
respects,  was  completely  covered  with  long  hair, 
which,  with  a  face  exceedingly  protuberant  in  the 
lower  part,  gave  her  much  of  the  appearance  of 
an  ape.  The  deceased  was  exhibit^  some  time 
since  in  London. 

At  Auteuil,  where  he  had  lately  resided  for  his 
health,  Stefan  Bey,  ex-minister  of  Foreign  Affairs 
to  the  Viceroy  of  Egypt  Ue  has  left  a  widow, 
a  French  lady,  by  whom  he  had  three  ohildrei), 
who  survive  him. 

At  Copenhagen,  aged  82,  M.  Oerstedt,  a  cele- 
brated jurisconsult,  who  was  for  some  time  Prime 
Minister  of  Denmark. 

June  1.  At  Bafford-house,  near  Cheltenham, 
aged  86,  Gen.  Sir  David  Leighton,  K.C.B.,  the 
aenior  officer  in  the  Bombay  Establishment  The 


deceased  entered  the  service  of  the  East  India 
Company  in  1795,  and  was  present  at  the  siege 
of  Seringapatam.  He  served  against  Doondia 
Wangh  in  1800,  and  in  Malabar  during  the 
rebellion  in  180S,  and  in  1815  he  commanded  a 
brigade  in  the  Deeean  field  force.  He  took  part 
in  the  expedition  to  Arabia,  in  1821,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  subjugation  of  the  tribe  Beni  Boo 
All.  He  held  for  many  years  the  office  of 
AcUutant'Oen.  to  the  Bombay  Army,  and  the 
firmness,  regularity,  and  impartiality  which 
eharaoteiized  his  administration  g^ve  general 
satisfaction,  and  gained  for  him  the  esteem  and 
respect  of  all  those  with  whom  he  was  brought 
in  contact. 

At  Whimple,  aged  90,  Caroline,  relict  of  Wil- 
liam Bnller,  esq.,  of  Maidwell,  Ndrthamptonsh., 
and  of  Whimple. 

At  Wakefield,  aged  82,  Sarah,  widow  of  Wm. 
Dawson,  esq.,  solicitor,  late  of  that  place. 

At  Pinner,  Middlesex,  aged  69,  W.  Wyatt,  esq. 

At  Tenterfield,  Haddington,  N.B.,  aged  86, 
Janet  the  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Hay 
Donaldson,  esq.,  of  Haddington. 

At  his  residence,  Clarges-st.,  aged  97,  James 
(Warrick  Moore,  esq.,  of  Corswall,  Wlgtonshire, 
N.B. 

At  Painswiek,  Gloneestershire,  aged  75,  Col. 
George  Stuart 

At  the  Crescent,  Windsor,  aged  55,  Thomas 
P.  Ward,  esq.,  late  of  Wingfield-lodge,  Wink- 
field,  Berks. 

In  Mount-st,  Grovesnor-sq.,  aged  28,  Maria 
Susannah,  second  dan.  of  Fryer  Richardson,  esq., 
of  Whinney-honse,  Chatteris,  CambridgesUre. 

At  the  residence  of  his  uncle.  Upper  Philli- 
more-gardens,  Kensington,  aged  18,  E.  Vaux, 
esq. 

At  Leamington,  aged  67,  J.  Harvey  Thursby, 
esq.,  late  of  Abington-abbey,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Hcigham-fields,  Norwich,  aged  70,  John 
Goodserson,  esq. 

June  2.  At  his  seat,  near  Dundee,  aged  82, 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  William  Chalmers,  C.B.  and 
K.C.H.  The  deceased  was  the  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Mr.  William  Chalmers,  of  Glenerioht  Perth- 
shire, and  was  bom  in  1787.  Soon  after  com- 
pleting his  I6th  year  he  entered  the  army.  He 
served  in  Sidly  in  1806  and  1807,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Portugal, 
and  served  during  the  campaigns  of  1808  and 
1809  in  that  country  and  in  Spain.  He  was  in 
the  expedition  to  Waloheren,  including  the  bom- 
bardment of  Flushing.  In  1810  he  proceeded  to 
Cadiz,  and  took  part  in  all  the  succeeding  cam- 
paigns in  the  Peninsula.  He  was  employed 
on  the  staff,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
assault  of  the  entrenchments  at  Sarre,  and  during 
bis  services  in  Portugal  and  Spain  he  had  six 
horses  killed  or  wounded  under  him  in  action. 
He  was  present  in  seventeen  engagements,  six  of 
them  general  actions,  exclusive  of  sieges,  &g. 
He  also  served  in  the  campaign  of  1814  in  the 
Netherlands,  and  was  present  at  Waterloo,  where 
he  commanded  a  wing  of  the  52nd  Regiment  of 
which  he  was  Major,  and  had  three  horses  shot 
under  him.    He  was  at  the  oaptore  of  Paris,  and 


J860.] 


Obituary. 


106 


did  not  return  from  France  until  1817.  In  1837 
he  was  nominated  a  Knight  Commander  of  the 
Royal  Hano^ierian  Order  of  Knighthood ;  was  in 
1838  made  a  Ck>mpanion  of  the  Order  of  the 
Bath;  was,  by  letters  patent,  made  a  Knight 
Bachelor  in  1847  ;  and  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
the  78th  Regiment  the  30th  of  September,  1853. 
The  deceased  had  received  the  silver  war  medal 
and  eight  clasps  for  Barossa,  Ciudad  Bodrigo, 
Badajoz,  Salamanca,  Tittoria,  Pyrenees,  St.  Se- 
bastian,  and  Nivelle.  His  commissions  bore  date 
as  follows  '.—Ensign,  the  9th  of  July,  1803 ;  Lieut., 
the  25th  of  October,  1803;  Capt.,  the  27th  of 
August,  1807  ;  Mi^or,  the  26th  of  August,  1813 ; 
Ueut.-Col.,  the  18th  of  June,  1815 ;  Col.,  the 
10th  of  January,  1837 ;  Mi^or-Oen.,  the  9th  of 
November,  1846;  and  lieut.-Gen.  the  20th  of 
June,  1854. 

At  Isleworth,  Middlesex,  aged  100,  Frances, 
relict  of  Samuel  Ooodenough,  esq.,  having  sur- 
vived  her  husband  fifty  years. 

Of  brain  fever,  aged  30,  Malvern  Millington 
Brewerton,  esq.,  son  of  the  late  W.  H.  Millington 
Brewerton,  esq.,  of  Croydon,  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Plas  Llanddyfhan,  Anglesey, 
North  Wales,  Thomas  Owen,  esq. 

At  Frognal,  Hampstead,  Smith  Sarah,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Norton  Longman,  esq. 

At  Porchester-terrace  North,  Kensington-gar- 
dens, John  Samuel  Torrens,  esq.,  late  a  Judge  of 
the  Sudder  Court,  Bengal. 

June  3.  In  Lower  Grosvenor-street,  aged  88, 
Field-Marshal  the  Earl  of  Strafford,  G.C.B., 
G.C.H. 

At  32,  Sussex-gardens,  Hyde-park,  aged  61, 
Major-Gen.  F.  S.  Hawkins,  of  the  Bengal  Army. 

At  his  residence,  near  Southampton,  aged  76, 
John  Jenkins  Loney,  esq.,  Lieut.  R.N. 

Aged  79,  Mr.  Femeley,  the  animal-painter.  He 
was  originally  a  wheelwright,  but  abandoned 
the  trade  for  painting,  and  his  first  sitter  was 
Mr.  Assheton  Smith,  the  well-known  fox-hunter. 

June  4.  At  the  Manor-house,  Great  Dumford, 
aged  50,  Capt.  WilUam  Wylly  Chambers,  R.N., 
only  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Stunuel  Chambers,  R.N. 

At  Liskeard,  Bernard  Anstis,  esq.,  solicitor. 
Mr.  Anstis  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Reform 
party  in  East  Cornwall ;  he  several  times  filled  the 
office  of  Mayor  of  Liskeard,  and  generally  was 
associated  in  every  local  object  of  interest  to  his 
fellow-townsmen. 

Suddenly,  at  Hastings,  of  paralysis,  aged  62, 
Samuel  Page,  esq.,  of  Lansdowne-road,  South 
Lambeth,  Surrey,  and  Catherine-court,  Tower- 
hill. 

At  Brearley-house,  near  Halifax,  aged  75,  Mrs. 
Riley,  relict  of  John  Riley,  esq.,  J.P. 

At  Barham,  Kent,  aged  64,  Edmund  Lloyd,  esq. 

At  St.  Leonards-on-Sea,  aged  26,  Anne,  wife  of 
James  B.  Gardner,  esq.,  of  Moulmein. 

June  5.  At  Marlborongh-place,  St.  John's- 
wood,  aged  72,  William  J.  C.  Storey,  esq. 

Aged  80,  Joshua  Pedley,  esq.,  of  Forest^gate, 
West  Ham,  Essex. 

At  Forest-gate,  Essex,  aged  48,  Capt.  H.  W. 
Taylor,  many  years  in  the  Calcutta  trade. 

At  his  residence,  Albion-terraoe,  Commercial- 


road  East,  aged  42,  Capt  B.  McDermott,  late  of 
the  P.  and  O.  Company»s  ship  "  Fort  William." 

At  Barton-under-Needwood,  Rebecca,  wife  of 
Sir  Reynold  Alleyne,  hart. 

At  Paris,  aged  32,  the  Hon.  John  Howe  Mon- 
tague Browne,  Capt.  80th  Regt.,  second  son  of 
Lord  Kilmaine. 

At  Flagstaff-cottage,  Landrake,  John  Rogers, 
esq.,  formerly  of  Roselion,  St.  Blazey. 

At  the  Lord  Warden  Hotel,  Dover,  of  bronchitis, 
Major-Gen.  Frederic  Thomas  Buller,  late  of  the 
Coldstream  Guards. 

At  the  Royal  Hospital,  Greenwich,  aged  71, 
John  Whitmarsh,  esq.,  R.N. 

June  6.  In  Little  Smith-street,  Westminster, 
Mr.  Humphrey  Brown,  formerly  M.P.  for 
Tewkesbury. 

At  Abbotsbury,  Newton  Bushel,  aged  38, 
Fanny,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Josias  Baker,  British 
Consul  at  Syracuse. 

At  Updowne,  Sand^oh,  aged  59,  Mary,  reliet 
of  Sir  Thomas  Noel  Harris,  K.C.H. 

At  the  residence  of  his  son.  West  Brook-cottage, 
Dartmouth,  aged  88,  Mr.  Jonas  Coaker. 

At  Malta,  on  board  H.M.S.  "Megflera,"  G.  F. 
C.  Bateman,  esq.,  late  Paymaster  of  H.M.S. 
•♦Neptune." 

At  Buxton,  Derbyshire,  aged  54,  Thos.  Benson 
EUey,  esq.  The  deceased  was  a  magistrate  for 
Staffordshire,  and  filled  the  office  of  mayor  of 
Stafford  for  two  years  in  succession. 

At  Abbotsbury,  Newton  Bushell,  Devon,  aged 
88,  Fanny,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Josias  Baker, 
British  Consul  at  Syracuse. 

At  her  residence,  Southover,  near  Lewes,  aged 
84,  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Barrow,  widow  of  John  Bar- 
row, esq.,  late  of  Davies-st.,  Berkeley-sq. 

Aged  70,  Anne,  widow  of  John  Batcheler,  esq., 
surgeon,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Godf^ 
Heathcote,  of  Southwell,  Notts. 

Suddenly,  at  Portland-terrace,  Hastings,  aged 
64,  William  Thomas  Baxter,  esq.,  late  of  the 
H.E.I.C.S. 

June  7.  At  Ockbrook,  aged  49,  Alicia  Mari- 
anne, second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Oliver,  Rec- 
tor of  Swepstone,  Leicestershire. 

At  Naples,  of  low  fever,  aged  87,  Lewis  John 
Barbar,  esq..  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Consul  for 
the  Island  of  Candia. 

At  the  residence  of  her  sister,  Bishton-hall, 
Stafford,  aged  80,  Lady  Chetwynd. 

At  Highweek,  Newton  Bushel,  Elizabeth,  eld- 
est dan.  of  Samuel  Bramsoombe,  esq. 

Aged  49,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Oamson,  Vicar  of  Normanton-on-Trent. 

At  Snow-hall,  Durham,  aged  8,  Christopher 
Sherwood,  seventh  son  of  W.  Snrtees  Raine,  esq. 

At  Sunderland,  Edward  Backhouse,  esq.,  for- 
merly a  partner  in  the  banking  firm  of  Back- 
house and  Co.  His  remains  were  interred  in 
Bishopwearmouth  cemetery;  the  funeral  was 
attended  by  several  of  the  Sunderland  magis- 
trates, including  the  Mayor,  and  many  well- 
known  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

At  Scarborough,  Sarah,  widow  of  Samuel  C. 
Brandram,  esq.,  formerly  of  Sise-lane. 

June  8.    At  Brighton,  aged  78,  Admiral  Edw. 


1D6 


OaiTUABY. 


[Jaly, 


Hawker.  He  entered  the  Navy  in  1798,  became 
captain  in  IBM,  and  had  received  the  na^ 
medal  with  one  clasp  for  his  senrices. 

Suddenly,  at  Brook-villa,  Leam-terrace,  aged 
119,  Mariana,  widow  of  the  Be  v.  E.  P.  Denniaa. 

At  Holmwood-hoose,  Surrey,  aged  -77,  4he 
Baron  de  Hochepied  Larpent. 

At  Bexhill,  Sussex,  Anna,  widow  of  George 
'Watoon,  esq.,  of  Eastnor,  Herefordshire. 

At  St.  Lecmards,  aged  M,  Edm.  Burrow,  esq., 
of  GranvUle-place,  Blackheath. 

At  Edinburgb,  Capt  Henry  Wood,  lateof  HM.*8 

"Srd  Light  Dragoons. 

Jwm9.  At  Leamington,  aged  96,  Lady  Oamegie. 

At  Yenloe,  of  apoplexy,  aged  t9,  G.  P.  R. 

James,  esq.,  H.M.'s  Consul-General,  the  well- 

'known  novelist. 

At  Addiscombe*vUla8,  Croydon,  aged  73,  Josh. 
Beardmore,  esq. 

At  North  Dalton  Wold-house,  aged  70,  Wm. 
iBinnington,  esq. 

Harriet,  widow  of  Thomas  Milne,  esq.,  of 
'Warley-house,  Yorkshire. 

-In  London,  aged  16,  Bessy,  youngest  surviving 
'  dau.  of  Mr.  Matthew  Patterson,  chief  clerk  of 
lH.M.*s  Customs,  Newcastle. 

June  10.    At  Canterbury,  aged  13,  William 

Piers  Ormerod,  esq.,  F.B.C.S.,  late  one  of  the 

surgeons  of  the  Radciiffe  Infirmary,  Oxford,  and 

lUth  son  of  George  Ormerod,  D.C.L.,  of  Tyldes- 

ley,  Lancashire,  and  Sedbury-paxk,  Gloucester- 

^ahire. 

At  Somerset-pl.,  Stoke,  aged  68,  James  Dawe, 
eeq.,  actuary  of  the  Devonport  Savings'  Bank. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  25,  Godfrey  Thos.  HaUifax, 
'esq.,  only  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  S.  HallifiK,  of  Ed- 
^wardstow-honse,  oo.  Suffolk. 

At  the  residence  of  his  father-in-law,  Douglas, 
near  Cork,  aged  44,  Arthur  Maude,  esq.,  late  of 
Rose-hill,  Rawmarsh,  a  magistrate  of  the  West 
•Biding. 

At  his  residence.  North  Parade,  Pemanoe, 
«ged93,  P.'C.  Veale,  esq. 

June  11.  At  her  residence  in  Piccadilly,  Lady 
Charles  Somerset,  widow  of  Gen.  Lord  Charles 
Somerset,  second  son  of  Henry,  fifth  Duke  of 
Beaufort,  and  sister  to  the  present  Earl  Poulett. 
At  Pimlico,  Mrs.  Heatherly,  widow  of  Henry 
Heatherly,  esq.,  and  sister  of  Mrs.  Richards, 
Paradise-pL,  Stoke. 

At  Osgathorpe,  Charles  Jttmes  Fox,  fifth  son  of 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Tounghusband,  M.A.,  formerly 
of  Saxilby,  Lincolnshire. 
At  Pilton,  Devon,  aged  70,  J.  B.  Davey,  esq. 
At  ThomcliiTe,  Leamington,  Hannah,  wife  of 
John  Walker,  esq.,  late  of  Weaste-hall,  Pen- 
dleton, near  Manchester. 

At  Beverley,  Benjamin  Hind,  esq.,  late  manager 
of  the  MaltoD  Branch  of  the  Union  Bank. 
At  Wirksworth,  aged  71,  Thos.  Poyser,  esq. 
At  Ramsgate,  aged  91,  Benjamin  Nind,  esq., 
late  of  Throgmorton-st.,  London,  and  Leyton- 
stone,  Essex. 

Jun$  12.  Suddenly,  in  Paris,  Maria  Dolores, 
wife  of  Yice-Admiral  Grenfell,  I.B.N.,  Consul- 
General  of  Brazil,  of  Wellesley-terr.,  Lirerpool. 


Juns  13.  At  Old  Charlton,  Kent,  agdl  76,  Eliza- 
betili,  widow  of  Edward  Riddle,  esq.,  of  Greenwich 
Hospital. 

At  his  residence,  Waterloo,  near  Liverpool, 
Joseph  Churton,  esq.,  surgeon. 

In  Oxendon-st.,  Haymarket,  aged  '76,  Capt. 
Richard  Stuart,  R.N. 

-In  Hyde-st.,  Winchester,  aged  52,  Eliza,  wife  of 
Charles  Curry  Biekham. 

At  Brunswick-pl.,  Bath,  of  bronchitis,  Margaret 
Anne,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Andrews,  esq. 
June  14.   At  Allington-castle,  near  Maidstone, 
aged  81,  Mr.  Thomas  Pack. 

At  Upper  Hamilton-terrace,  St  John's-wood, 
aged  56,  John  Parkinson,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  Harriette,  dau.  of  Alexander 
Mangin,  esq. 

In  GreenVrow,  Chelsea,  aged^,  Philip  Da  vies 
Margesson,  Capt.  Royal  Artillery,  F.R.'G.S., 
fourth  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  Margesson. 

At  Paris,  Mary,  widow  of  lieut.-Col.  Delm^. 

June  U.  At  Plumstead,  Kent,  aged-^l.  Dame 
Louisa  Augusta  Perrott,  widow  of  Sir  E.  Bindloss 
Perrott,  bart.,  third  dau.  of  the  late'€ol.  N. 
Bayly,  M.P.,  ftnrmerly  of  the  let  Foot  Guards 
(Grenadiers),  and  the  R.W.M.M. 

At  Tyringfaam,  Bucks,  aged  71,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Capt.  Richard  Hoare,  R.N.,  and  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Praed,  esq. 

AfCringleford,  Norwich,  aged  M,  Mary  Ann, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Davie. 

At  Ashmore,  Dorset,  aged  82,  Anna  Maria, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Adams,  Rector  of  that 
parish. 

JuM  16.  At  the  Royal  Hospital,  Greenwich, 
aged  76,  John  Elliot,  esq.,  steward  of  that  esta- 
blishment. 

June  17.  In  Chesham-pl.,  Elisabeth  Sarah, 
the  wife  of  Abraham  George  Roberts,  esq. 

At  Tbomcombe-house,  near  Taunloo,  Somer- 
set, John  Norris,  esq.,  a  magistrate  and  deputy- 
lieutenant  for  that  county. 

Jume'lB.  At  his  residence,  Mousehold-honse, 
near  Norwich,  aged'74.  General  Sir  R.  J.  Harvey, 
CiB.,  K.T.S.,  Knight  Commander  of  the  Order 
of  St.  Bento  D'Avis,  F.R.S.  and  F.A.S. 

At  Iltsroy-terr.,  Oloceeter-road,  Regent's- 
park,  of  apoplexy,  aged  63,  Capt.  W.  B.  Liot, 
formerly  of  Tottenham,  and  lateOhairman  of  the 
Board  of  Management  of  the  Royal  Mail  Steam 
Packet  Company. 

At  her  residence,  in  Holywell,  Oxford,  aged 
79,  from  the  effecta  of  an  accident,  Sarah  Ann 
Chapman,  younger  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Jooeph  Chap- 
man, D.  D.,  formerly  President  of  Trinity  College, 
in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

In  Campden-grove,  Kensington,  Mi^or-Gen. 
Grantham,  late  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

June  19.  At  Edinburgh,  Andrew  Anderson, 
M.D.,  formerly  Surgeon  in  H.M.'s  9Snd  High- 
landers. 

June  21.  In  London,  of  scarlet  fever,  Caroline, 
widow  of  the  late  Lieut-CoL  Henry  Ellis  Boates, 
of  Rosynalt,  Denbighshire. 

June  24.  At  Paris,  aged  75,  Jerome  Bonaparte, 
ex-King  of  Westphalia. 


I860.] 


107 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  ANI>.  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 

(Frjinn  the  Setums  issued  hy.  the  Jte^tr^ctr- General,) 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


Deaths  in  Districts,  &c.,  in  the  Week 

BrPEBINTElTDENT 

Area 

Popula- 

ending Saturday^ 

• 

in 

tion 

BEGIBTBi^BS' 

Statute 
Acres 

in 
1851. 

DIBTBICTS. 

May 

Jane 

June 

June 

26. 

2, 

9, 

12, 

1860. 

1860. 

1860. 

1860 

*. 
h 

r- 

Mean  Temperature 

59-0 

51-3 

51-9 

l^-^ 

London 

78029 

2362236 

1087 

1004 

969 

1064 

1-6.  West  Districts    . 

10786 

376427 

164 

171 

177 

l&l 

7-11.  North  DistricU  . 

13533 

490396 

236 

195 

177 

228; 

12-19.  Central  Distriots 

1938. 

893256 

132 

136 

184 

141 

20-25.  East  Districts     . 

6230 

485522 

233 

282 

222 

286 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

45542 

616635 

322 

270 

259 

292' 

Deaths  Registered. 

Births  Registered; 

Week  ending- 

20  and 
under  40. 

• 

1^ 
3  Si 

1^ 

3  u 

if 

-i 

1 

•^ 

Satnrdajf; 

5| 

60 
unde 

53 

& 

1 

May      26.    . 

618 

161 

175 

165 

1087 

842 

838 

1680 

June       2    . 

408- 

141 

170' 

168 

82 

1004 

766 

751' 

1617 

»»          "    •. 

457. 

142 

176 

157 

37 

969 

842 

849 

1691 

„       16    . 

524 

171 

184 

154 

29 

1064 

879 

878 

1762 

PRICE  OP  CORN. 

Average  Y  Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

of  Six     >    *.    d. 

e,    d» 

«w    d. 

$,    d. 

t.    d. 

«b    d. 

Weeks,  j    58    8 

86    1 

26    6 

37    0' 

46    2 

40    6 

^^^^«J^^^\  64  11-     1    85    a     1    2611      1    87;   0'     1    44    9     |    40    4. 

PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Juke  21. 
Hay,  3/.  Of.  to  U,  17«.  —  Straw,  If.  7#.  to  11, 14f.  —  Clo^r,  42.  Of.  to  tl.  18f. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-MARKET. 
To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  Slhs. 


Beef 8f .  10<2.  to  4f.    M, 

Mutton 4f.  lOd,  to  5f.  lOd, 

Veal 4f.  lOd,  to  6#.    6rf. 

Pork 4f.    6rf.  to6#.    Od, 

Lamb 6f.    Od,to1s,    Od, 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  JuKB  21. 

Beasts 960 

Sheep  and  Lambs  11,660 

Calves 600 

Pigs 210 


COAL-MARKET,  Jin«  20. 
Best  WaUsend,  per  ton,  15«.  ^.  to  19f .  Od,    Other  sorts,  13f .  Zd.  to  16f.  6(f. 


HBTEOBOLOaiCAL  DIAET.  bt  H.  GOULD,  Ute  W.  CABT,  IBl,  Stbuts. 
Ihjm  Miy  24  to  Jiuu  28,  inehtiee. 


Th^o« 

Pt.pr, 

Uarm». 

Tl^imoniaer 

li 

1-9 

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II. 

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filV 

89.   87 

do,c!y.sl^.m. 

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77 

ddy.  sbrs.  fiut 

DAILY  PEICE  OF  BTOCKS. 


E)5  1 
961  i 
9Bt  I 
Mi  6i 
94)  5 
94i  5 
94}  Gl 
9S  i 
Wi  61 
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2271  9 
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33S1  ao 


229  BO 
229  SO 
239  301 


7. 10  pm. 
7. 10  pm. 
7. 10  pni. 
7.10  pm. 


8. 12  pm. 


par.  6  pm. 

2.  7pni. 

■   par.  2  pm. 

par.  2  pm. 

Sliut. 

ALFBEO  WHITHOBG, 

Stock  and  Share  Broker, 


222141 
222 

222  H 


ShaL 


7.4dis. 

s.  3  aiB. 


IS,  Cluuige  Alls;,  London,  E.C. 


RESTORATION    OF    THt     CHAPTER     HOUSE      WESTMINSTER    ABBEY. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 

AUGUST,  1860. 


CONTENTS.    ' 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Soci«t«  Fran^aisc  d' Arcl)telogie  —  Netley   Abbey— Sir 

Thomas  Walcot,  knt. — Corrigenda ......' HQ 

Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens Ill 

Rutland  Churches 118 

King  Waldere's  Lay   119 

Literature  in  the  Late  Cabinet 122 

A  Fdgrim's  Sonnet    129 

Wright's  Political  Poems  and  Songs 180 

Inventory  of  a  Breton  Manor-house  in  the  Sixteenth  Century 183 

Seats  or  Benches  in  Churches 184 

Hadleigh:  The  Town  ;  the  Church,  &c 135 

The  Guesten  Hall,  Worcester  189 

ORIGINAL  DOCUMENT.— Examination  of  Chriatophcr  Bowman 140 

Boman  Remains  in  Kent 141 

ANTIQUARIAN  AND  LITERARY  INTELLIGENCER.  —  Society  of  AntiquarieB,  142; 
British  Association— British  Archeeolo|;ical  Association,  143 ;  Ecclesiological  Society, 
l4o ;  Numi.smatic  Society,  148 ;  Kilkenny  and  South-East  of  Inland  Archeeological 
Society,  149  ;  Leicestershire  Architectural  and  Archseological  Society,  151 ;  Society  of 
Antinuarics  of  Scotland,  152 ;  Surrey  Archeeolof^cal  Society,  154 ;  Worcester  Ar- 
ch Eooiogical  Club — Discovery  of  a  Boman  Villa  or  Station  in  the  Parish  of  North 

^       WraxhaU,  Wilts,  157 ;  Miscellanea  X59 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Notes  of  Coronations,  160;  Is  it  right  to 
speak  of  **  ArchhiBhop  Beck-et**  t  163;  The  Guildhall,  Chichester,  165;  La  Frfitendue 
D(5couverte  d'un  Autel  Druidique jgQ 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Our  English  Home,  167 ;  Didron's 
Annalcs  Arcb<^oIogiques,  169;  Dr.  Acland's  Remarks  on  the  Oxford  Museum,  170; 
Pidgeon*s  Historical  and  Illustrated  Handbook  of  the  Town  of  Shrewsbury — IJewel- 
lynn  Jewitt's  The  Reliquary,  171  ;  Piccope's  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  Wills  and 
Inventories,  172  ;  Whewell's  Platonic  Dialogues  for  English  Readers,  178  ;  T}t- 
whitt's  Public  Worship,  174;  Huntley's  The  Year  of  the  Church^Reminiscences : 
by  a  Clergyman's  Wife,  176  ;  Tomlinson*s  Illustrations  of  Useful  Arts,  Manufactures, 
and  Trades— Timbs's  Curiosities  of  Science,  178 ;  Bentham's  Handbook  of  the  British 
Hora— Johns'  Flowers  of  the  Field— Francis'  Beach  Rambles,  179;  Mackie's  First 
Traces  of  Life  on  the  Earth— Our  Home  Defences,  180 ;  The  Life  Boat— Wharton'* 
The  Queens  of  Society,  181 ;  Ctimins'  1:1  /"tirciV/U-Trevenan  Court— Alice  of  Fobbing, 
182  ;  Fairton  Village— Fulford's  Hongs  of  Life— Blackie's  Histories  of  England  and 
India— Harry  Birkett^-Smith's  After  many  Days— Steyne's  Grief. 183 

BIRTHS  184 

MARRIAGES 186 

OBITUARY  — Lord  Sandys— Lord  Elphinstone— General  Sir  Robert  John  Harvey,  C.B., 
K.T.S.,  190 ;  John  Narrien,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  193 ;  John  Finlaison,  Esq.,  194 ;  Mr.  Joseph 
Morris,  195  ;  Thomas  Bell,  Esq.— Horace  Hayman  Wilson,  Esq.,  196 ;  George  Payne 
RavnsforJ  James,  Esq.— Peter  John  Martin,  Esq.,  198;  BIr.  George  Roberts— W.  B. 
Bayley,  Esq.,  201;  W.  P.  Ormerod,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.— J.  Whichcord,  Esq.,  203;  The 
Rev.  Badon  Powell,  M. A.,  F.R.S.,  204 ;  Cuthbert  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Hebburn,  205 ; 
General  John  Mackenzie,  206 ;  Jerome  Bonaparte,  207 ;  Lieat.-General  Sir  Joseph 
Thackwell,  G.C.B.  and  K.H 208 

CLERGY  DECEASED    209 

DEATHS  ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER    210 

Registrar-General's  Return  of  Mortality  and  Births  hi  the  Metropolis— Markets,  219 ; 

Meteorological  Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  220 

Bt  SYLVANUS  UEBAN,  Gewt. 


112  Early  Irish  History — the  O'Briens.  [Aug. 

by  the  Tudors,  has  its  members  in  the  Peerage  of  the  present  day — we 

mean  the  O'Briens,  princes  of  Thomond.     The  author,  Mr.  O'Donoghue, 

a  barrister,  gives  the  following  account  of  the  origin  and  the  purpose  of 

his  labours : — 

"  While  perusing  the  productions  of  the  ArchsBological  Society,  from  time  to  time, 
ib  occurred  to  the  author,  that  a  connected  history  of  one  leading^  family  of  the  Celtic 
stock  and  its  fortunes,  would  better  illustrate  the  condition  of  the  country,  and  throw 
a  clearer  light  on  the  weak  and  fitiiil  authority  pretended  to  be  held  by  the  Norman 
colonists  of  Ireland  over  its  people,  down  to  the  commencement  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  than  could  be  obtained  from  the  disjointed  and  unconnected  pieces  of  history 
published  by  the  Society.  Hence  has  arisen  the  present  work.  Among  the  five  bloods 
to  whom  it  was  the  policy  of  Henry  the  Second  to  g^ve  permission  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  laws  of  England  in  their  intercourse  with  the  Norman  immigrants,  {quinqiie 
sanguines  qui  gaudent  lege  Anglicand  quoad  brema  portanda,)  namely,  the  Mac- 
morroghs,  O'Neils,  O'Briens,  O' Conors,  and  (VMelaghlins,  the  O'Briens,  from  the 
prestige  and  character  of  their  progenitor,  the  conqueror  of  Clontarf,  held  then  a 
high  place,  as  they  now  unquestionably  do  the  highest.  In  the  fourteenth  century 
a  chieftain  of  that  stock  was  chosen  to  command  the  Irish  troops  sent  to  co-operate 
with  the  forces  of  the  Pale  in  expelling  Edward  Bruce  from  the  kingdom ;  while  at 
later  periods,  in  the  course  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  the  services  to 
the  crown  of  England  rendered  by  the  Elarls  of  Thomond  and  Inchiquin  are  too  well 
known  to  need  more  than  a  passing  reference  here.  Occupying  snch  a  position  in  the 
history  of  their  country,  the  following  work  has  been  undertaken,  in  accordance  with 
the  views  already  expressed,  to  give  an  account  of  that  race,  and  the  share  it  was  their 
fortune  to  have  had  in  the  events  of  the  kingdom  to  the  present  tim^."— (Preface, 
pp.  viii.,  ix.) 

We  like  the  tone  of  our  author's  introductory  paragraph  : — 

"  It  has  been  the  fortune  of  the  race  whose  story  is  told  in  the  following  pages,  to 
form  an  exception  to  those  instances  in  which  families  once  occupying  a  regal  station 
have,  after  their  declension,  sunk  into  obscurity.  A  reader  of  Irish  history  will  find 
the  names  of  the  O'Briens  so  often  mentioned  in  the  pages  of  its  annals,  that  he 
cannot  hesitate  to  conclude,  that  whether  as  kings  of  the  whole  island,  or  later,  of  the 
southern  half,  or  again,  after  the  arrival  of  the  Anglo-Normans,  ruling  their  restricted 
principality  of  Thomond  with  independent  authority,  as  asserted  by  Sir  John  Davis 
of  them  and  others,  the  descendants  of  Brian  Boroimhe  have  written  their  names  in 
indelible  characters  in  the  history  of  their  country.  In  no  port  of  the  kingdom  can  so 
many  memorials  of  the  energy  and  power  of  the  native  princes  be  found  at  this  day 
as  in  the  territory  of  Thomond,  before  it  was  restricted  to  the  present  county  of 
Clare.  The  erection  of  the  monasteries  of  Manbter-nenagh,  Holycross,  the  cathedral 
of  Limerick,  the  abbey  of  Ennis,  and  many  others  too  numerous  to  mention,  devoted 
to  the  promotion  of  learning  and  piety,  exhibit  to  the  modem  traveller  proofs  of  the 
genius  and  vigour  of  the  descendants  of  Brian.  And  notwithstanding  the  various 
changes  which  the  stat«  of  society  has  for  so  many  ages  undergone,  and  the  downfall 
of  so  many  of  the  ancient  families  of  the  ooantry,  we  find  the  descendants  of  Brian  of 
the  Tributes  still  holding  their  own ;  while  we  may  search  in  vain  even  among  some 
of  the  royal  bouses  on  the  continent  of  Europe  for  a  line  of  greater  antiquity,  or  one 
whose  descent  is  more  clearly  traced  through  the  historic  records  of  their  country, 
than  that  of  which  this  work  purports  to  record  the  history.  To  illustrate  those  pro- 
positions  is  the  purpose  of  these  pages,  but  for  a  correct  treatment  of  the  subject, 
a  sQcdnct  account  of  the  earlier  period  of  the  Irish  monarchy  is  necessary." — (pp.  1,  2.) 

It  is  an  objection  commonly  made  to  histories  of  Ireland,  that  their  writers 


I860.]  Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens.  113 

devote  much  time  and  space  to  events  as  distant  and  as  little  certain  as  the 
particulars  of  the  siege  of  Troy,  and  beside,  that  the  names  of  the  actors  are 
unpronounceable  by  Saxon  organs.  Mr.  0*Donoghue  has  not  quite  removed 
the  latter  objection,  though  we  trust  that  he  will  in  another  edition,  but  we 
must  not  complain  of  him  on  the  first  head.  He  quietly  drops  many  cen- 
turies, yet  considers  that  for  his  purpose  he  has  commenced  at  a  sufficiently 
early  date,  and  we  quite  agree  with  him.  His  work  he  divides  into  two  parts, 
one,  termed  Mediaeval,  extending  from  the  second  to  the  end  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  the  other,  from  the  acccession  of  James  I.  to  the  Union. 
His  starting-point  must  be  allowed  to  be  well  "  within  the  limits  of  au- 
thentic Irish  history,"  when  we  recollect  that  the  "  true  historical  era" 
begins,  according  to  Tighernach,  b.c.  305,  in  the  time  of  Ptolemy  Lagus. 
He,  however,  does  not  think  that  English  readers  would  follow  him  were 
he  to  *'  attempt  to  penetrate  the  darkness  in  which  the  advent  of  the  sons 
of  Milesius,  Heremon,  Heber,  and  Ir  is  involved,"  and  so  he  begins  with 
the  year  166  of  the  Christian  era,  his  first  hero  being  Con  Ceadcatha, 
"  Con  of  the  Hundred  Battles,"  with  whom  Saxons  have  some  acquaintance, 
thanks  to  Moore's  Melodies  ^.  Long  before  that  period  Ireland  had  been 
divided  into  at  least  ^we  kingdoms^,  but  there  was  always  one  of  the 

'  "  Oh !  look  not  on  our  nights, 
Con  of  the  hundred  fights  \" 

<*  Oar  author's  spedfication  of  these  kingdoms,  though  belonging  to  a  later  date, 
may  be  useftd : — 

"  The  kings  of  Munster  were  called  kings  of  Cashel  from  residing  at  that  city,  just 
as  the  kings  of  Ireland  were  styled  kings  of  Tara,  a  mode  of  description  which  con- 
tinued in  use  for  upwards  of  six  centuries,  even  after  Tara  had  been  cursed  by  Rodanus, 
Prior  of  Lorrha,  aud  in  consequence  deserted  as  a  residence.  This  cursing  occurred  in 
554,  and  since  that  time  the  kings  of  Ireland  dwelt  at  their  provincial  residences, 
though  still  occasionally  styled  kiugs  of  Tara.  Thus  the  monarchs  of  the  northern 
Hy-niall  race  dwelt  at  Aileach  in  Inishowen,  near  Derry,  and  were  indifferently  styled 
kings  of  Aileach  (or  Oileach),  or  of  Tara ;  those  of  the  southern  Hy-niall  dwelt  at 
Bunnasgiath,  on  the  shore  of  Lough  Ennell,  near  Mullingar,  or  at  Durrow  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  present  King's  County ;  the  kings  of  Connaught  at  Rathcroghan, 
and  sometimes  at  Dunlo,  now  Ballinasloe,  in  the  county  of  Roscommon ;  those  of  the 
race  of  Brian  Boromha  at  Kincora,  near  Killaloe ;  and  the  kings  of  Leinster  down  to 
the  tenth  century  at  Naas,  and  subsequently  at  Ferns.  See  Four  Masters,  A.D.  554 
and  note  (')."—(??.  454,  465.) 

How  these  kings  commenced  their  reigns,  and  the  inevitable  consequences,  are  that 
stated: — 

"  Mortogh  O'Brien,  second  son  of  Torlogh,  succeeded  his  father  on  the  throne  of 
Thomond,  and  in  his  pretensions  to  that  of  the  entire  kingdom.  The  new  king,  who 
had  occasionally  commanded  his  father's  troops,  lost  no  time  in  notifying  to  his  neigh- 
bours his  accession  to  the  rule  of  his  subjects.  This  was  done  by  marching  an  army 
into  the  territories  of  whichever  of  the  surrounding  princes  was  most  obnoxious  to  his 
resentment,  and  ravaging  them.  In  the  present  instance  the  men  of  Leinster  and 
the  Danes  of  Dublin  were  attacked  and  defeated  at  Rathedair,  near  Uowth.    This 


114  Early  Irish  History — the  (yBriens,  [Aug. 

monarchs  who  was  considered  supreme,  and  who  was  styled  the  King  of 

Ireland,  and  this  coveted  pre-eminence  kept  the  land  in  continual  war. 

At  length  the  two  great  competitors.  Con,  king  of  Connaught,  and  Mogha 

Nuadhat,  king  of  Munster,  came  to  an  agreement,  and  divided  the  land 

into  two  empires,  as  they  may  be  termed.     Con,  who  was  a  descendant  of 

Heremon,  possessed  the  north  of  the  island ;  Mogha,  who  sprang  from 

Heber,  ruled   the  south ;  and  from  them,  and  this  transaction,  "  Leath- 

cuinn'*  (Con's  half),   and    "  Leathmogha**    (Mogha's  half),  are  still   the 

popular  native  names  of  the  north  and  the  south  of  Ireland. 

The  peace  that  followed  this  arrangement  lasted  but   a   single  year. 

Con  Ceadcatha  killed  his  fellow-monarch  in  battle,  and  was  in  a  position 

to  exclaim — 

**  I  am  monarch  of  all  I  survey. 
My  right  there  is  none  to  dispute." 

Perhaps,  however,  he  found  his  imperial  dignity  too  much  for  him,  for  he 
soon  gave  his  daughter  Sadhbh  (Sabia,  or  Sarah)  in  marriage  to  the  son  of 
Mogha,  named  OlioU  Olum,  and  allowed  him  to  retain  his  paternal  kingdom 
of  Munster.  The  marriage  produced  several  sons,  and  to  the  descendants 
of  two  of  them,  Eoghan  and  Cormac  Cas,  OlioU  limited  the  Munster 
crown  in  altema^te  succession.  From  Cormac  Cas  the  O'Briens  are  de- 
scended. 

Passing  over  two  centuries,  during  which  the  descendants  of  the 
mighty  Con  reigned  supreme,  though  not  without  many  hard  battles 
with  their  fellow  kings,  and  particularly  their  kindred  of  Munster,  we 
come  to  the  death  of  Eochy  Moyveon,  in  a.d.  365,  when  the  very 
pecuHar  mode  of  succession  that  had  hitherto  obtained  was  broken 
through,  but  it  was  afterwards  re-established,  and  it  is  justly  regarded  as 
the  key  to  the  weak  and  disorganized  state  of  Ireland,  which  has  brought 
BO  many  evils  on  the  country.  It  so  enfeebled  it,  that  aggression  from 
abroad  was  easily  practicable,  and  it  made  so  many  divided  interests  that 
any  combined  action  against  invaders  was  altogether  impossible.  This 
question  of  succession,  involving  that  of  tanistry,  is  thus  explained  by  our 
author,  and  the  matter  is  well  deserving  of  attention,  it  being  not  uncom- 
monly almost  ludicrously  misunderstood  : — 

**  The  annals  of  Clonmacnoise  at  the  year  10  41  contain  the  following  entry : — 

"  *  The  kings  or  chief  monarchs  of  Ireland  were  reputed  and  reckoned  to  be  absolute 


victory  was  counterbalanced  in  the  next  year,  1088,  by  the  invasion  of  Thomond," 
&c. — (p.  61.) 

"  Every  king  after  his  inauguration  was  expected  to  perform  the  *  creacht  righi,'  or 
regal  depredation.  See  Four  Masters,  year  1265.  And  for  a  chieftain's  expedition. 
Bee  one  by  O'Carroll  against  his  neighbour  Mac-Ibrien  Ara  in  1559 ;  also  one  by  Conor, 
third  earl  of  Thomond,  into  the  territory  of  O'Conor  Kerry,  1562.  The  existence  of 
such  practices  at  bo  late  a  period  may  shew  the  render  the  necessity  there  was  for  a 
thorough  reform  in  the  government  of  Ireland,  the  security  of  life  and  property  being 
inconsistent  with  chieftains'  expeditions." — (p.  466.) 


I860.]  Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens.  115 

xnonarchs  of  Ireland  iu  this  manner :  if  he  were  of  Leith  Con,  or  Con's  half  in  deale» 
and  one  province  in  Leathmogha  or  Moy's  half  in  deale  at  his  command,  he  was 
coumpted  to  he  of  sufficient  power  to  be  king  of  Tara,  or  Ireland ;  but  if  the  party 
were  of  Leathmogha,  if  he  conld  not  command  all  Leathmogha  and  Taragh  with  the 
lordship  thereanto  belonging,  and  the  province  of  Ulster  or  Connanght  (if  not  both), 
he  would  not  be  thought  sufficient  to  be  king  of  all.' 

"  Behold  in  this  one  paragraph  the  source  of  all  the  civil  wars  of  the  native  Irish, 
and  the  key  to  those  numerous  expeditions  undertaken  in  the  lifetime  of  the  reigning 
monarch  and  in  times  of  profound  peace,  with  a  view  to  the  succession.  See  an  instance 
of  the  expedition  undertaken  to  secure  a  throne  not  then  vacant,  the  circuit  of  Muir- 
certagh  mac  Neill,  prince  of  Aileach  in  939,  printed  for  the  Archseol.  Soc.  1841.  With 
such  a  rule  of  succession  for  the  monarchs,  and  the  law  of  tanistry  for  the  inferior 
princes,  no  amount  of  individual  courage  or  patriotism  could  have  maintained  the 
independence  of  Ireland  or  consolidated  its  monarchy." — (pp.  463,  464.) 

"  The  nature  of  the  principles  on  which  the  ancient  Irish  monarchy,  and  the  succes- 
sion to  the  throne  of  the  supreme  monarch  and  subordinate  princes  and  chieftains, 
were  founded,  are  clearly  explained  by  the  learned  O'Flaherty,  the  author  of  the 
Ogygia,  in  his  celebrated  work,  from  which  the  following  passage,  translated  from  the 
original  Latin,  is  submitted  to  the  reader : — 

" '  In  his  reflections  on  the  hereditary  principle  and  right  of  succession  observed  in 
the  election  of  the  monarchs  of  Ireland,  Giraldus  Cambrensis  indulges  in  observations 
not  free  from  the  imputation  of  calumny.  From  the  chief  prince  to  .the  lowest  order 
of  dynasts,  there  was  no  dominion  the  rule  over  which  did  not  appertain  to  some 
certain  family  from  which  the  monarch,  pentarch,  or  subordinate  prince  was  chosen,  who 
to  hereditary  right  united  the  suffrages  of  the  people  in  virtue  of  his  illustrious  deeds. 
In  the  election  of  the  prince,  then,  two  things  were  to  be  taken  into  account,  hereditary 
right,  and  the  choice  of  the  people.  Any  male  relative  of  the  deceased  was  capable  of 
succeeding  to  the  authority  established  by  the  founder  of  whom  he  might  be  a  de- 
scendant, but,  by  the  election,  that  dignity  was  limited  to  the  life  of  the  person  so 
elected.  Yet  it  was  not  allowable  for  the  electors  to  choose  arbitrarily  any  one  among 
the  numerous  descendants  of  the  founder  of  the  dynasty,  their  choice  being  confined  to 
the  uncle,  brother,  eon,  or  other  near  relation  of  the  last  possessor  of  the  dignity,  ac- 
cording to  a  law  universally  observed,  that  the  selection  should  be  made  of  one  who 
was  the  eldest  and  worthiest  of  the  blood  of  the  defunct  prince.' 

"  'On  choosing  the  prince  a  successor  was  at  the  same  time  appointed,  who,  in  case  of 
the  decease  of  the  former,  should  assume  the  sovereignty.  This  person  might  be  either 
the  son,  or  brother,  or  some  other  of  the  worthier  descendants  of  the  family,  and  wad 
styled  the  Tanist  {tainise*)^  a  designation  adopted  from  the  ring  finger,  which,  as  in 

*  **  The  primary  meaning  and  derivation  of  the  term  tainise  is  involved  in  great 
obscurity.  The  reader  will  not  fail  to  remark  that  O'Flaherty  does  not  attempt  an 
explanation  of  it,  and  only  cites  the  authority  of  Sir  John  Davis  and  Sir  James  Ware. 
Skinner  suspects  the  word  to  be  of  Irish  origin,  otherwise,  he  says,  he  would  suppose 
it  to  come  from  Thane,  Spencer,  in  his  view  of  the  state  of  Ireland  (p.  6),  accounting 
for  the  term,  has  the  following  remark :  '  And  so  it  may  well  be  that  from  thence 
(Dania)  the  first  original  of  this  word,  tanist,  and  tanistry,  came,  and  the  custom 
thereof  hath  sithence,  as  many  others  else,  been  continued.'  It  seems  to  corroborate 
this  view,  that  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  Irish  text  of  the  Four  Masters,  the 
writer  of  this  note  has  found  no  trace  of  the  word  until  the  year  846,  when  it  is 
applied  to  Tomhrar,  '  the  tanist  of  the  king  of  Lochlann,'  who,  with  1,200  of  the 
Danes,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Skiath  Nechtain  in  that  year.  Some  scholars  con- 
sider it  cognate  with  the  Persian  *  tan,'  a  country — as  it  were,  the  defender  of  the 
territory." 


116  Early  Irish  History — the  O'Briens.  [Aug. 

length  and  position  it  was  next  to  the  middle,  so  the  tanist  was  next  to  the  prince  in 
position  and  antiiority.  And  from  this  circnmstance  Davis  and  Ware  derive  the  origin 
of  the  law  of  t  tnistry.  Each  of  the  remaining  members  of  the  family  was  styled  Righ- 
damna,  that  is,  the  material  of  a  king,  or  one  who  was  capable  of  being  selected  to 
exercise  the  fnnctions  of  royalty.  In  the  case  of  an  alumnus  of  a  liberal  science  or 
mechanical  art,  he  was  only  styled  adhar,  which  also  implies  material  —  namely, 
one  who  was  capable  of  being  bred  up  or  trained  to  such  and  such  a  pursuit.'" — 
(pp.  ix. — xii.) 

Eochy  Moyveon,  to  whom  it  is  time  to  return,  was,  it  seems,  a 
polygamist.  One  of  his  wives  was  the  fair-tressed  Mongfinn,  the  sister 
of  Crimhthan,  king  of  Munster ;  the  other,  "  a  dark  ladye,*'  Carinna, 
"  daughter  of  the  king  of  Britain."  All  his  children  were  young  when  he 
died,  and  in  consequence,  their  uncle  Crimhthan  reigned  in  their  stead. 
Mongfinn  hore  this  for  thirteen  years,  until  her  eldest  son  Brian  had  become 
a  man,  when  she  resolved  to  place  him  on  the  throne,  coute  qui  coute, 
Crimhthan  was  not  likely  to  resign  the  crown  even  to  please  his  sister,  and 
therefore  the  fair  lady  poisoned  him.  To  disarm  suspicion,  she  drank  of  the 
cup  before  handing  it  to  him,  and  both  died  very  shortly  after — the  place 
of  Crimh thanks  death  was  a  mountain  in  Clare,  still  known  as  the  Mountain 
of  the  Death  of  the  King.  The  crime,  however,  failed  in  its  object,  for  the 
people  chose  as  their  ruler  the  son  of  Carinna.  He  is  renowned  in  history 
as  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages  (implying  that  so  many  states  beside  his 
own  were  dependent  on  him),  and  he  founded  the  dynasty  of  the  Hy- Niall, 
which  for  six  centuries  held  the  supreme  rule  in  Ireland,  until  overthrown 
by  the  most  famous  of  all  the  O'Briens,  Brian,  the  son  of  Cineidi,  known 
even  to  English  historians  as  Brian  Boru. 

Of  Niall  and  his  immediate  successor  we  have  a  brief  account,  which  we 
prefer  giving  in  our  author's  own  words : — 

"  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages  having  been  chosen  to  fill  the  throne  of  Ireland,  not- 
withstanding the  criminal  efibrts  of  Mongfinn,  her  favourite  son,  Brian,  was  obliged  to 
content  himself  with  the  provincial  crown  of  Connaught.  The  military  reputation 
of  Niall,  the  early  dawn  of  which,  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  presume,  contributed 
materially  to  his  election  to  the  sovereignty,  may  be  inferred  from  the  allusions  of 
the  Roman  poet  Claudian,  describing  the  incursions  of  the  Soots  into  Britain  in  the 
folio  iving  terms : — 

'  totam  cum  Scotus  lemen 

Movit  et  infesto  spumavit  remige  Tethys  ;* 

which  can  he  attributed  to  no  other  Sootic  prince  than  Niall,  even  if  the  term  '  lemen' 
were  wanting.  The  annalists  assign  to  this  monarch  a  long  and  prosperous  reign  of 
twenty-seven  years,  and  by  stating  that  he  was,  slain  by  Eochaidh,  son  of  Enna  Cein- 
sellach,  a.d.  405,  at  Muir-n-Icht  (the  Iccian  sea),  between  France  and  England,  they 

prove  the  extent  to  which  the  progress  of  his  arms  had  been  carried 

"  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages  was  succeeded  by  his  nephew  Dathi,  son  of  Fiachra 
(ancestor  of  the  Hy-Fiachra),  king  of  Connaught,  who  was  the  last  of  the  Pagan 
monarchs  of  Ireland,  and  who,  after  a  reign  of  twenty-three  years,  was  killed  by 
a  flash  of  lightning  at  the  foot  of  the  Alps.  His  remains  were  brought  home  to 
Ireland  by  his  faithful  followers,  and  were  deposited,  according  to  Mac  Firbis,  in 
Bathcroghan,  the  burial-place  of  the  kings  of  Connaught,  where  his  grave  was  marked 


I860.]  Early  Irish  History —the  O'Briens.  117 

by  a  red  pillar  stone.     His  death  is  fixed  at  the  year  of  our  Lord  428  by  the  Four 
Masters." — (pp,  7,  8.) 

Forty-two  kings  of  this  race  ruled  in  succession,  and  were  regarded  as 
the  supreme  monarchs  of  Ireland.  Only  one  intruder  on  the  regal  line 
appears  in  the  course  of  the  whole  six  centuries,  but  these  sovereigns  had 
at  all  times  stubborn  opponents  in  the  kings  of  Munster,  particularly  when 
these  last  came  to  be  taken  exclusively  from  the  O'Briens,  the  princes  of 
Thomond.  Thomond  is  a  district  which  is  roughly  represented  by  the 
modern  county  of  Clare ;  its  inhabitants  were  called  the  Dal-gais,  and  a 
succession  of  enterprising'  princes  had  by  the  middle  of  the  tenth  century 
rendered  them  masters  of  the  rest  of  Munster.  Cormac  MacCuillenan,  the 
bishop-king  of  Cashel,  was  succeeded  by  Lorcan,  of  Thomond,  who  was 
the  father  of  Cineidi,  as  Cineidi  was  of  Brian  Borhaime. 

This  renowned  warrior  was,  Mr.  O'Donoghue  maintains,  bom  about  the 
year  941,  and  not  in  926,  as  is  usually  said.  In  976  he  succeeded  to  the 
throne  of  Thomond,  and  speedily  exacted  vengeance  on  the  Irish  prince  of 
Limerick  and  his  Danish  allies  for  the  treacherous  murder  of  his  brother 
Mahon.  The  Danes  were  now  in  great  force  in  Munster,  and  Brian  went 
resolutely  to  work  to  subdue  them.  He  was  so  successful,  that  he  aroused 
the  jealousy  of  the  then  supreme  monarch,  Maelseachlain  ^,  King  of  Meath, 
who  invaded  and  ravaged  Thomond,  and  made  the  quarrel  a  mortal  one 
by  cutting  down  the  spreading  tree  at  Magh-adair,  under  which  the  Tho- 
mond piinces  were  crowned,  and  where  they  sat  to  judge  the  people. 
Brian  soon  broke  into  Meath,  and  in  revenge  burnt  the  royal  residence. 
These  matters  were  wrathfully  remembered  by  both,  but  the  increasing 
strength  of  the  Ostman  kings  induced  them  for  a  while  to  suspend  their 
private  quarrel,  and  unite  against  the  common  enemy.  They  had  great 
success,  and  laid  the  "  armed  foreigners"  under  tribute,  and  when  this  was 
accomplished,  Brian  and  Maelseachlain  went  to  war  again.  The  contest 
endured  for  some  years,  but  at  last,  in  1002,  Brian  compelled  Maelseachlain 
to  surrender  the  coveted  supremacy,  "  but,*'  says  our  author,  '*  allowed  him 

'  A  few  liaes  of  explanation  on  this  and  other  names  we  borrow  ftora  Mr.  O'Don- 
ogbue's  notes : — 

"  The  word  '  mael,' '  maol,'  or  '  moel,'  implies  a  chief,  or  a  tonsured  monk.  Prefixed 
to  a  name  of  a  person  or  stunt,  it  implies  the  servant  of,  as  Maelisa,  servant  of  Jesus. 
Maelmoire,  servant  of  Mary ;  Maelcolm,  servant  of  Columkille ;  Maelseachlain,  ser- 
vant of  Seachnall  or  Secundinos;  Maelbrighde,  servant  of  Bridget,  are  a  few  among 
nmnerons  instances.  When  prefixed  to  a  quality,  it  has  the  signification  of  chief,  as 
Maeldubb,  black  chief,  Maelgarbh,  rough  chief,  and  so  on. 

"  Qiolla  is  another  term  having  two  significations,  youth  and  servant.  Prefixed  to 
the  name  of  a  saint  or  person,  it  has  the  latter  meaning ;  to  a  term  signifying  a  quality, 
it  means  a  youth.  Thus  Qiolla-Fhadraig,  Patrick's  servant,  GioUamocbuda  (whence 
MacGiUicuddy),  Mochuda's  servant,  &c.  But  Gilla-dubh  b  black  youth,  Gillaruadh, 
red,  redbaired  youth,  and  so  forth.  See  notes  (^)  0  to  Four  Masters  at  year  1172." 
—(p.  466.) 


118  Early  Irish  History — Vie  O'Briens,  [Aug. 

to  retain,  as  matter  of  course,  his  hereditary  kingdom  of  Meath."  So  it 
seems  that  the  ancient  Irish,  of  whose  barbarism  we  hear  so  much,  had 
an  abiding  sense  of  the  point  of  honour,  and,  unUke  the  much -praised 
Normans,  they  did  not  inflict  confiscation  on  the  vanquished. 

Want  of  space  compels  us  to  defer  the  remainder  of  our  notice,  but  we 
trust  that  we  have  already  said  enough  to  induce  most  of  our  readers  to 
turn  to  the  "  Historical  Memoir  of  the  O'Briens"  for  themselves. 


RUTLAND  CHITRCHES. 

We  have  always  much  pleasure  in  seconding  the  efforts  of  local  inves- 
tigators of  history  and  antiquities,  being  convinced  that  their  well-applied 
diligence  often  affords  most  important  aid  to  the  writer  of  greater  preten- 
sions. We  have  lately  noticed  in  the  "  Stamford  Mercury"  the  commence- 
ment of  a  series  of  papers  on  the  churches  and  parishes  of  Rutland,  a  dis- 
trict of  at  least  average  interest,  but  which  has  been  little  noticed  in  com- 
parison with  some  others.  They  are,  we  understand,  the  result  of  personal 
investigation  by  Mr.  Thomas  Paradise,  a  gentleman  connected  with  the 
"  Mercury,"  and  we  are  bound  to  say  that  they  are  very  creditable  results 
of  the  brief  leisure  time  which  falls  to  him  between  successive  publications. 
The  first  of  the  series  appeared  on  June  1,  and  gave  a  well-written  account 
of  the  church  and  parish  of  Stoke  Dry,  which,  as  our  readers  will  remem- 
ber,  has  handsome  monuments  of  the  Digbys,  and  some  remains  of  their 
manor-house.  We  have  since  seen  the  notices  of  Seaton,  Manton,  Rid- 
lington,  Preston  and  Wardley.  The  whole  county  is  to  be  visited,  and 
as  there  are  but  about  fifty  parishes,  we  may  expect  the  series  to  be  com- 
pleted in  a  year  or  so,  and  if  carried  out  as  it  has  been  begun,  it  will  really 
be  very  well  worth  reproducing  in  some  more  convenient  form,  with  a  few 
alterations,  such  as  everything  written  for  a  newspaper,  and  then  published 
as  a  book,  is  found  to  need  ;  the  celebrated  letters  from  "  Our  Own  Cor- 
respondent," in  the  Crimea,  or  India,  or  China,  being  no  exception. 


I860.]  119 


KLNQ  WALDERES  LAY*. 

Ik  April  last  we  announced  the  discovery  of  some  fragments  of  an  Old* 
English  epic,  and  their  intended  publication  under  the  care  of  Professor 
Stephens.  The  handsomely  printed  and  well-illustrated  brochure  is  now 
before  as,  and  it  is  deserving  of  the  attention  of  others  beside  professed 
antiquaries.  We  quite  coincide  with  the  editor  as  to  the  value  of  the  frag- 
ments, and  his  plain  speaking  on  the  subject  is  a  pleasant  contrast  to  the 
fulsome  encomiums  so  often  bestowed  on  the  "  Literature  for  the  Million," 
and  its  authors.  He  commends  this  old  Lay  to  all  who  wish  to  see  our 
noble  mother  tongue  rescued  from  the  hands  of  those  who  would  banish 
each  "invaluable  word,  or  phrase,  or  idiom,  racy  and  robust, v fresh  and 
full -breasted,  merry  and  melodious,  simple  and  antique,'*  merely  because 
*'  it  has  fallen  away  from  the  humble  store  of  the  half-educated  mob,  or 
of  the  listless  '  popular  reader,'  or  of  the  circulating-library-fed  lounger, 
or  of  the  silly  sempstress,  and  that  motley  tribe  who  daily  defile  the 
Queen's  English  with  a  flood  of  slang.  Truly,  the  age  of  Queen  Anne, 
worshipped  by  these  people  if  they  worship  anything,  was  but  of  beggarly 
brass,  at  best  French-gilt.  If  we  must  have  a  '  standard,'  let  us  stick  to 
the  mighty  men  and  golden  age  of  Queen  Bess  !*' 

Thus  vigorously  does  our  friend  the  Professor  assail  the  bulk  of  modern 
writers  and  readers,  expecting,  as  he  says,  that  not  one  in  twenty  will 
agree  with  him.  But  nothing  daunted  by  this,  he  has  bestowed  a  world 
of  care  on  his  four  precious  pages;  has  given,  not  only  a  prose  trans- 
lation of  the  fragments,  but  also  an  *'  English  stave-rhyme  version,"  which 
is  "an  attempt  to  reflect,  and  echo,  and  imita'e  the  venerable  lay."  He 
holds,  as  is  manifestly  true,  that  England  has  possessed  Eddie  lays  as  well 
as  Scandinavia,  and  he  indulges  in  the  hope  that  some  of  them  will 
eventually  come  to  light ;  but  he  maintains  that  if  we  do  recover  them, 
we  must  set  about  their  "restoration"  in  the  way  indicated  by  this  "stave- 
rhyme  version."  "  Mere  words,"  he  says,  "  are  not  sufficient.  We  must 
boldly  meet  the  difficulty  another  way.  When  we  cannot  verbally  trans- 
late, we  must  reflect,  and  echo,  and  imitate  in  the  metre  and  spirit  of  the 
original.  Else  it  has  no  chance.  The  poet  and  the  linguist  must  work 
hand  in  hand.     I  am  quite  aware  that  I  am  speaking  as  a  heretic.     Not 

•  "Two  Leaves  of  King  Waldere's  Lay;  from  the  Originals  in  the  Great  National 

Library,  Cheapingbaven,  Denmark.  Now  first  published,  with  Translation,  Comments, 

Word-Roll,  and  four  Phatograpbic  Facsimiles.     By  George  Stephens,  Esq.,  Professor 

of  Old-Eoglish  in  the  University  of  Cheapingbaven."    (London :  Jobn  Russell  Smith.) 

GwTT.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  p  2 


120  King  Waldere's  Lay.  [Aug. 

one  in  twenty  of  my  readers  will  agree  with  me ;  but  I  fancy  it  is  because 
this  whole  field  of  literature  [Northern  verse]  is  almost  uncultivated 
among  us.  It  must  be  studied  and  loved,  in  order  to  be  appreciated.  At 
all  events,  I  may  be  allowed  to  give  my  opinion,  the  fruit  of  long  experi- 
ence and  many  efforts." 

The  variety  of  curious  matter  contained  in  Professor  Stephens'  publi- 
cation, and  expressed  in  a  vigorous  style  which  has  much  of  the  spirit  of 
the  old  Norseman  about  it**,  can  only  be  properly  estimated  by  a  thorough 
perusal^,  and  this  we  hope  it  will  obtain  in  quite  sufficient  extent  to  reim- 
burse him  for  his  labour,  for  he  announces  himself  as  "  a  poor  scholar.'' 

It  is  possible,  nay  probable,  that  some  of  his  "  Comments"  may  be  dis- 
puted, but  we  think  he  will  not  care  for  that  if  a  knowledge  of  his  subject 
is  thereby  advanced.  He  evidently  loves  his  theme,  and  he  writes  in  a 
frank,  hearty  tone,  which  can  hardly  fail  to  carry  his  readers  along  with 
him.  We  gave  last  April  twelve  lines  of  the  original.  We  now  reprint 
them,  accompanied  by  the  stave-rhyme  version,  and  supplemented  by  the 
prose  translation.  A  comparison  of  these  will  enable  our  readers  to  form 
their  own  opinion  as  to  the  success  of  the  Professor's  efforts,  and  whether 
he  needs  the  indulgence  that  he  pleads  for,  on  the  ground  of  haste,  and 
the  '*  weaknesses  of  a  first  attempt." 


*  We  may  mention  particularly  pp.  xii.  and  xiil.  of  the  "  Fore- Word,"  where  he 
indignantly  asks  whether  the  Northmen  were  really  "saTSges"  and  "Barbarians," 
"merely  because  they  had  not  gone  to  a  Sunday  school,  or  been  cowed  or  crammed  to 
meet  some  Mandarin  Examination  Board,"  and  eulog'zes  "that  'Nation  of  Shop- 
keepers' which  works  hard  and  pays  its  debts,  and  prefers  Right  and  Freedom  to 
'  Glory,'  Faith  to  pantheistic  fantasy."  Oor  readers  will  remember  his  spirited  verses, 
"  Rifles  to  the  Van  !*'  which  appeared  in  our  pages  yery  early  in  the  Volunteer  move- 
ment, when  friends  were  not  so  plentiAil  as  at  present.  Gent.  Mao.  Feb.  1860, 
p.  158. 

c  One  section,  which  treats  of  "  Old-English  documents  which  have  been  found  in 
the  Scandinavian  North,"  describes  four  such  documents,  of  which  this  Lay  of  King 
Waldere  is  one.  The  others  are,  a  deed  of  g^ft  and  a  prayer,  and  a  homiletic  fragment. 
The  deed  of  gift  and  the  prayer  are  both  found  in  a  noble  folio.  Liber  purpureus, 
or  Codex  aureus,  "  the  oldest,  most  splendid,  and  most  precious  codex  preserved  in  the 
National  Library,  Stockholm ;"  it  is  an  Evangeliomm,  in  Latin^  "  apparently  of  Italian 
workmanship,  and  executed  not  later  than  the  sixth  century,  or  possibly  the  beginning 
of  the  seventh."  It  appears  to  have  been  purchased  from  a  band  of  vikings,  by  Alfred 
the  Aldorman  (who  is  identified  with  Alfred,  ealdorman  of  Surrey,  in  Kemble,  Codex 
Diplam.,  vol.  ii.  p.  120),  and  presented  by  him  to  Christ  Church,  Canterbury;  it 
would  seem  to  have  been  stripped  of  its  costly  cover  by  the  vikings,  and  provided  with 
another  by  the  monks,  and  their  workmen  have  inscribed  on  its  first  leaf  a  request  for 
the  prayers  of  their  brethren.  "  But  greedy  men  tore  away  this  second  binding  also, 
and  the  present  one  is  modern,  apparently  of  the  seventeenth  century."  The  homiletic 
fragment  fills  up  a  vacant  space  in  a  tenth  century  collection  of  homilies,  treatises, 
forms  of  ecclesiastical  certificates  and  passports,  preserved  in  the  National  Library, 
Cheapioghaven.    The  Lay  of  King  Waldere  is  of  course  described  in  ftill  detail. 


I860.] 


Kinff  fTaldere's  Lay. 


121 


Text. 

"  Walders  malSelode, 
wig^  ellen-rof, 
hsefde  him  on  handa 
hilde-frore, 
gu'S-billa  gripe, 
gyddode  wordunt : — 

'  Hwset !  "Su  huru  wendest, 
wine  BuBOBiTDA, 
^at  me  Ha  gen  an  hand 
hilde  gefremede, 
and  getwsBmde  fe'Se 
wigges  feta !' 


ft 


Stave-ehtme  Version. 

"  Waldebe  answered, 
war-man  glorious ; 
holding  in  his  hand 
Hilde's  ice-spike, 
of  gore'blades  the  grype ; 
the  gallant  chief  said : — 

'  Lo !  didst  look  now, 
Lord  of  the  Bubgundrbs, 
that  the  hand  of  Hagena 
should  help  me  in  combat, 
stay  the  swift  footsteps 
of  truculent  Strife?'" 


80 


84 


88 


Pbosi  Translation. 

'*  Waldebe  mell'd  (spake), 
that-warrior  strength-fam'd, 
had  to-him  in  his-hand 
Hilde's  (Bellona's)  icide, 
of-battle-bills  the-grype  (vulture) ; 
utter'd  in  words  : — 

<  What !  (Lo !)  Thou  scarcely  didst- ween  (think), 
0-friend  (prince)  of-the-Burgundians» 
that  me  Hagena'b  hand 
in-war  should-have-helpt, 
and  should-have-cut-off  the-path 
from-Strife'sfoot!"' 


80 


84 


88 


It  will  be  observed  that  we  have  made  no  attempt  to  offer  any  probable 
sketch  of  the  story  of  King  Waldere's  Lay,  and  that  for  the  very  sufficient 
reason  which  has  deterred  Professor  Stephens — we  have  only  about  one 
hundred  lines  of  a  poem,  which  from  its  epical  breadth  of  treatment  he 
conceives  must  have  been  on  an  extensive  scale;  some  6,000  or  8,000 
lines.  All  that  he  can  say  is,  that  it  belongs  to  the  same  class  as  the 
champion  tales  which  form  the  Theodrics  or  Vilkina  Saga,  *'  a  Northern 
Thoosand-and-One-Nights,  a  delightful  Romance-book  from  the  thirteenth 
century,  unfortunately  not  yet  translated  into  English,  but  well  known  to 
our  Scandinavian  scholars ;"  a  description  that  makes  us  wish  that  he,  or 
tome  one  else  as  competent,  would  give  us  a  specimen. 


Gbht.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


122  [Aug. 


LITEEATURE  IN  THE  LATE  CABINET. 

The  Gentlehan's  Magazine  began  the  year  with  a  cursory  view 
of  the  litei-ary  productions  of  the  then  existing  Cabinet  Ministers,  and  in 
the  **  Minor  Correspondence**  of  the  following  month  of  February  added 
a  few  particulars  to  the  list.  But  even  then  we  had  neglected  an  author, 
no  less  than  a  duke,  and,  before  we  enter  upon  our  second  essay,  beg 
to  apologize  to  his  Grace  of  Argyll  for  the  omission  of  his  name  and 
works,  certainly  not  kept  under  the  Privy  Seal,  but  bravely  given  to 
the  Post  Office  and  the  public.  As  yet  Marquis  of  Lorn,  and  aged 
nineteen,  the  polemical  traits  of  his  ancestry  were  revealed  as  his  in- 
heritance, by  a  "Letter  to  the  Peers  from  a  Peer's  Son,"  in  which  he 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  partisans  of  the  Free  Church  on  the  question 
then  (1843-4)  in  the  glowing  red  heat  of  clerical  controversy;  and  in 
1848  published  his  more  elaborate  "Presbytery  Examined,"  wherein, 
together  with  a  survey  of  the  Ecclesiastical  history  of  the  country,  he 
upheld  the  system  against  all  prelacy,  and  adhered  to  John  Knox  and  his 
traditions  with  a  thorough  Campbell  devotedness.  His  Grace  is  also  well 
known  as  an  ardent  geologist,  and,  generally  speaking,  friendly  towards 
literature  and  science. 

Having  thus  cleared  our  way  retrospectively  to  the  preceding,  or  Derby 
Cabinet,  we  find  that  we  can  neither  place  the  noble  Earl  nor  his  Lord 
High  Chancellor  equally  at  the  top  of  the  literary  list  as  contributors  to 
the  press.  Eminent  in  politics  and  legislation,  a  great  statesman,  and  a 
great  lawyer,  neither  has  sought  the  rank  of  author.  Lord  Chelmsford 
appears  in  no  catalogue  of  books.  The  Earl  of  Derby,  however,  cannot 
be  disowned  among  the  most  memorable  men  of  our  epoch  for  wielding 
the  English  language  with  its  utmost  purity,  force,  and  beauty.  He  is 
a  very  elegant  classical  scholar,  and  bis  Latin  composition  is  said  to  be  ex- 
cellent. Indeed,  the  Latin  of  his  inaugural  speech  as  Chancellor  of  Oxford, 
where  he  had  earned  honours  and  carried  off  prizes  in  his  youth,  was 
greatly  admired  by  the  best  judges;  and  if  we  remember  aright,  the 
"Quarterly  Review"  mentions  with  high  commendation  a  translation  by 
his  Lordship  of  the  Ode  of  Horace,  the  dialogue  between  the  Poet  and 
Lydia.  But  his  more  popular  estimate  arises  from  bis  senatorial  efforts. 
Taken  in  the  two  points  of  view,  as  a  most  eloquent  orator  and  powerful  de- 
bater, many  of  his  speeches  range  in  the  front  rank  of  our  noblest  specimens 
of  parliamentary  vigour  and  elocution.  He  is  indeed  a  dangerous  anta- 
gonist, setting  his  arguments  in  effective  diction,  adorning  them  with  happy 
illustrations,  and  (when  provoked)  leai^ening  them  with  lofty  and  biting  sar- 
casm, which  it  is  no  easy  matter  to  bear  with  philosophic  equanimity.  Of 
his  published  speeches,  that  in  favour  of  the  first  Reform  Bill  in  1831,  that 


I860.]  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet.  123 

on  establishing  National  Education  in  Ireland,  and  that  as  Lord  Rector  of 
the  University  of  Glasgow  (1848),  may  be  referred  to  as  fine  examples  of 
political  energy,  beneficent  legislation,  and  literary  accomplishment.  .  The 
tradition  of  the  Eagle  and  Child  (the  Stanley  crest)  is  no  bad  emblem  of  the 
Earl ;  for  he  soars  high  in  public  life,  and  in  private  displays  all  the  un- 
afifected  playfulness  of  the  child.  It  has  been  stated  as  a  curious  fact  in 
natural  history  that  the  last  eagle  known  to  have  built  its  nest  in  England, 
built  it  in  the  neighbourhood  of,  if  not  upon,  the  Derby  ancestral  domain 
of  Knowsley. 

The  Earl  of  Malmesbury  inherits  a  literary  name  of  modern  note  ;  for 
vre  will  not  venture  to  assert  its  transmission  in  the  line  of  William,  who 
wrote  the  history  of  his  Times  eight  hundred  years  ago.  But  the  de- 
scendant of  the  author  of  *'  Hermes*'  possesses  a  just  title,  and  it  has  been 
confirmed  by  his  own  filial  contribution  to  the  history  of  our  times,  "  The 
Diaries  and  Correspondence  of  his  grandfather  the  first  Earl,"  published  in 
1844.  The  editorship  of  this  work  is  admirable.  There  is  no  parade,  no 
sacrifice  of  eulogy  to  natural  affections,  strict  impartiality  in  the  statements, 
and  a  moderate  tone  throughout  aU,  which  cannot  be  too  much  commended. 
It  is  a  model  for  similar  publications,  for  readers  may  be  assured  that 
whilst  there  is  no  class  of  publication  so  valuable  and  important  towards 
historical  truth  as  the  private  and  confidential  correspondence  of  those 
who  perform  great  parts  in  the  transactions  recorded,  so  there  can  be  no* 
thing  more  poisonous  and  injurious  than  "  cooked  accounts*'  and  one- 
sided partizanship,  whether  contrived  to  promote  the  interests  of  faction,  or, 
more  innocently  addressed,  to  magnify,  con  amore,  the  character  of  the 
individual  theme  which  has  inspired  the  design.  As  they  are  before  us, 
these  volumes  throw  a  lucid  light  upon  the  politics  of  a  period  of  un- 
exampled intricacy  and  peril,  when  the  task  of  the  diplomatist  was  indeed 
an  arduous  one,  and  England  was  seen,  as  negotiations  or  the  tide  of  battle 
turned,  allied  with  struggl'iig  empires,  or  in  arms  against  the  entire  com- 
pelling world.  Lord  Malmesbury  is  also  author  of  a  publication  on  the 
Ghune  Laws,  1848,  and  the  "Official  Correspondence  of  J.  Howard  on  the 
Italian  Question,"  1859. 

Our  next  Secretary  of  State,  Sir  E.  Bulwer  Lytton,  pertains  pre- 
eminently to  the  Guild  of  Literature,  and  ofifers  a  subject  so  various  and  so 
comprehensive,  that  we  lay  down  our  pen  in  absolute  despair  of  doing  any- 
thing adequate  for  it  within  the  limits  of  a  volume,  and  still  more  desperate, 
a  magazine  'article.'  It  may  almost  literally  be  said  of  him  that  he 
"  lisped  in  numbers ;"  and  at  a  very  early  age  got  out  of  the  lisp  to'  sing 
and  speak  in  very  significant  language.  The  Chancellor's  prize  on  "  Sculp- 
ture" cherished  his  poetic  aspirations  at  Cambridge,  and  from  that  day  to 
this,  a  space  of  some  five-and-thirty  years,  his  prolific  genius  has  poured 
forth  composidona  of  extraordinary  diversity,  yet  to  all  of  which  the  lofty 
Cbldsmith  tribute  can  be  justly  assigned,  nullum  quod  non  omamt  tetigit : 


124  literature  in  the  laie  Cabinet.  [^^g* 

political  pamphlets  of  great '  popularity  and  influence,  poetry,  from  the 
higher  order  of  versification,  and  pictures  of  life  and  men,  to  epic  grandeur, 
the  drama,  hoth  sock  and  huskin,  the  acute  ohservation  and  discussion  of 
nationalities,  and  fiction  in  every  successful  form  of  graphic  society,  de« 
scriptive  charm,  pathetic  incident,  deep  philosophy,  and  admirable  con- 
struction. This  is  high  eulogy,  but  could  be  sufficiently  borne  out  by 
reference  and  quotation ;  only  the  whole  superstructure  is  so  vast  and  so 
immediate  to  the  eye,  that  it  is  impossible  to  discriminate  even  its  principal 
features,  and  future  critics  must  examine  the  splendid  composite  at  a  fitter 
distance  and  in  detail,  to  reveal  its  innumerable  beauties,  and  establish  its 
full  right  to  universal  admiration.  Sir  Edward,  we  believe,  first  appeared 
in  type  with  a  small  volume  of  poems  entitled  **  Weeds  and  Wildflowers," 
followed  by  an  Irish  tale.  ''  Falkland,*'  his  earliest  novel,  was  published 
anonymously  when  he  was  about  twenty-two  years  of  age  ;  and  "  Pelham*' 
came  out  with  his  name  the  year  after.  He  had  now  openly  entered  the 
lists,  and  speedily  found  it  was  not  for  a  tournament.  In  our  country  alone, 
of  all  the  civilized  world, — and  we  do  not  offer  the  remark  at  random,  with- 
out directing  attention  to  the  press  throughout  Europe, — in  our  country 
alone  it  has  become  the  common  and  prevalent  practice  to  handle  aspirants 
to  literary  reputation  as  if  they  had  committed  some  criminal  offence.  No- 
where else  is  this  done ;  neither  in  France,  nor  Germany,  nor  Austria,  nor 
Prussia,  nor  Italy,  nor  Russia,  Sweden,  Denmark,  nor  Spain,  can  you  find 
an  instance  of  a  young  writer  being  assailed  with  contempt  or  obloquy  for 
the  mere  effort  at  'ventilating'  his  talent — in  short,  presuming  to  rush  into 
print  !  It  resembles  the  happily  exploded  method  of  treating  the  insane. 
The  moment  the  literary  symptoms  aie  evident,  manacles,  whips,  chains, 
and  the  lowest  diet  evince  the  skill  of  the  periodical  doctors,  and  many 
a  poor  patient,  who  might  have  been  cherished  by  soothing  into  health  and 
strength,  perishes  in  their  hands. 

Sir  E.  Bulwer-Lytton  possessed,  fortunately,  more  stamina  than  to  be  so 
readily  felled  to  the  earth ;  yet  never  was  any  writer  more  bitterly  and  per- 
severingly  persecuted.  That  abuse  he  has  surmounted  and  can  now  laugh 
to  scorn ;  but  several  of  his  writings  shew  how  vexatiously  it  affected  him  at 
the  earlier  time.  True  talent  is  always  sensitive,  and  but  too  often  deficient 
in  resolution  to  pass  unscathed  through  such  ordeal  as  malice  or  envy  or 
the  sheer  pursuit  of  profit  concoct  to  welcome  an  author  and  encourager  les 
autres,  Bulwer  held  on  his  course  with  unswerving  ingratitude  towards 
his  censors.  "  The  Disowned,"  **  Devereux,"  and  "  Paul  Clifford"  followed 
in  rapid  succession ;  and  "  Eugene  Aram*'  demonstrated  (as  the  same 
tragic  story  does  in  Hood*s  touching  poem)  that  even  where  the  circum- 
stances and  catastrophe  are  foreknown,  the  finest  chords  of  the  human  heart 
may  be  made  to  yield  a  sad  and  stirring  strain  of  nature-music  under  the 
Jiands  of  gifted  enchanters.  '*  England  and  the  English,"  an  able  and  dis- 
criminating essay  on  national  characteristics,  appeared  in  1833;  and  ''The 


(C 


I860.]  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet.  125 

Student/'  from  contributions  to  the  "  New  Monthly  Magazine,"  (of  which 
the  author  was  for  a  short  season  editor,)  led  the  way  to  an  entirely  new 
variety,  the  ronnance  of  the  *'  Last  Days  of  Pompeii  /'  and  then  came 
Bienzi,"  and  "  Ernest  Maltravers,"  and  "  Alice,"  and  •*  Athens,"  and 
Leila,"  and  "  Calderon,*'  and  "  Night  and  Morning,"  and  "  Day  and 
Night,"  all  in  about  four  years,  '*  O'  day  and  night,  but  this  (fertility 
and  excellence)  is  wondrous  strange."  And  like  increase  of  appetite,  in- 
crease of  power  did  seem  to  grow  on  what  it  produced,  and  fed  on  ''  The 
Last  of  the  Barons,"  "Zanoni,"  "Harold,"  and  "Lucretia,"  which  last  once 
more  let  loose  the  malignity  that  had  been  repressed  by  general  applause 
and  gagged  by  triumphant  popularity,  and  now  i-ailed  in  vain.  Perhaps, 
however,  we  may  be  partly  indebted  to  it  for  the  change  which  apparently 
came  upon  the  spirit  of  the  writer's  dream,  and  restored  him  to  a  species 
of  fiction,  which  he  had  only  partially  visited  in  "  Pelham"  and  **  Paul 
Clifford,"  the  domestic  novel.  Hence  "  The  Caxtohs,"  "  My  Novel,"  and 
*'  What  will  He  do  with  It?"  a  series  so  different  from  all  that  have  gone 
before,  that  it  seems  to  be  the  emanation  of  another  mind.  Here  the  phi- 
losophical, the  classic,  the  historical,  the  romantic,  the  satirical,  the  poetic 
are  all  set  aside,  and  the  reader  walks  into  social  life  (heightened  by  some 
exceptional  characters)  as  if  he  were  at  home  receiving,  or  abroad  mixing 
with,  acquaintances  and  friends.  It  is  almost  tedious  to  swell  this  cata- 
logue, but  in  sketching  the  literature  of  the  Cabinet  we  ought  not  to  omit 
the  contributions  of  its  most  voluminous  and  celebrated  member,  though 
debarred  from  comment  by  their  diversity  and  extent.  '*  The  Siamese 
Twins,"  "  Eva,"  "  The  New  Timon,"  "  King  Arthur,"  and,  more  recently, 
the  M.P.  portraiture  in  "  Saint  Stephen's,"  bear  witness  to  his  poetic  fruit- 
fulness  and  talent,  while  the  **  Duchess  de  la  Valli^re,"  **  the  Lady  of 
Lyons,"  '*  Richelieu,"  "  Money,"  and  "  Not  so  Bad  as  We  Seem,"  written 
for  the  amateur  performers  in  aid  of  the  Guild  of  Literature,  proclaim 
one  of  the  most  successful  dramatists  of  the  age.  Speeches  in  Parliament, 
(pre-eminently  his  late  speech  on  the  Reform  Bill,  profound,  comprehensive, 
and  constitutional,)  and  orations  at  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  where  honours 
have  been  paid  to  his  genius,  also  range  Sir  Edward  in  the  foremost  rank 
of  that  line;  and  assuredly  in  the  dual  combination  of  statesman  and 
author,  he  is  himself  alone. 

Of  the  third  Secretary,  Mr.  Walpole,  we  have  little  of  a  literary  nature 
to  notice.  Straightforward,  able  debating  has  led  to  the  publication  of 
several  of  his  more  important  addresses,  and  "  Exclusion  no  Intolerance," 
1 856,  is  as  perfect  a  specimen  of  his  masculine  sense  and  legal  acuteness 
as  could  be  adduced  for  public  estimation.  He  is,  however,  well  known  to 
be,  like  Lord  Derby,  an  elegant  classical  scholar. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Mr.  Benjamin  Disraeli,  is  a  star  of 
other  magnitude  :  a  star — ^we  mikht  say  a  comet,  for  he  is  an  extraor- 
dinary phenomenon-^without  a  parallel  in  English  history.     Free  and  open 


126  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet.  [Aug. 

to  all  as  is  the  path  to  the  highest  distinctions,  the  Church  and  the  Bar 
have  BO  monopolised  the  ascent  that  the  rule  is  almost  proved  by  the  ex- 
ceptions, and  these  chiefly  in  the  military  and  naval  professions.     Liberal 
as  we  are,  or  profess  to  be,  the  parvenu  has  a  bad  chance  in  all ;  and  in 
politics,  where  there  are  very  few  gradations  to  elevate  him  by  degrees, 
the  attainment  of  exalted  position  is  little  short  of  a  miracle.     When 
despotic  kings  could  lift  favourites  from  the  lowest  grades,  it  was  alto- 
gether different,  a  breath  could  make  and  unmake  them ;  but  where  the 
ambitious  contest  is  carried  on  in  the  grand  public  arena,  he  who  carries 
off  the  prize  must  be  a  wonderful  being.    The  brilliant  Sheridan,  associate 
of  princes  and  the  proud  Whig  aristocracy,  who  regarded  him  with  sus- 
picion, unfortunately  lapsed  into  the  dissoluteness  which  deformed  social 
life  at  that  period,  and  .never  reached  above  half-way  up  the  ladder. 
Canning,  with  greater  advantages  in  the  start,  and  higher  conduct  in 
the  race,  did  mount  to  the  summit ;  but  he,  too,  was  the  victim  of  that 
jealousy  and  dislike  which  is  sure  to  fall  upon  every  one  who  emerges 
so  powerfully  from  an  inferior  rank,  and  died  of  a  crushed  and  broken 
spirit,  unable  to  bear  the  wrongs  which  assailed  a  man  of  the  middle  class, 
self-elevated  above  the  loftiest  heads  of  those  who  feared  and  hated,  and 
pretended  to  scorn  him.     They  like  tools,  and  may  endure  a  certain  de- 
gree of  equality  in  a  union  of  pursuit,  but  detest  rivals,  and   cannot 
brook  superiors.     Mr.  Gladstone's  time  of  trial  appears  to  be  *'  looming  in 
the  future."     The  glittering  spear  and  Damascus  blade  were  Canning*8 
armour,  and  are  also  weapons  which  Disraeli  knows  well  how  to  wield,  and 
by  which  he  has  won  his  way  against  the  ponderous  battle-axes  and  two- 
handed  swords  of  the  scowling  feudal  phalanx.     We  must  observe,  that 
since  the  full  reports  of  parliamentary  proceedings  have  been  dissemi- 
nated throughout  the  country,  the  influence  of  oratory  and  ready  resources 
in  argument  have  become  paramount  means  for  the  acquisition  of  political 
station  :   more  so,  indeed,  than  is  due  to  their  real  value.     Yet  the  glory 
and  opprobrium  of  the  House  of  Commons  are  manifested  in  its  speeches 
and  discussions.     Setting  aside  the  unavoidable  waste  of  time  by  common- 
place members  spouting  platitudes  for  Bunkum,  there  is  always  a  sufiicient 
display  of  intellect  and  talent  to  thrash  and  winnow  the  grain  out  of  every 
gamer  for  the  public  use.     Some  men  seem  bom  for  that  theatre.     Peel 
and  Disraeli  are  examples.     For  the  former  the  House  was,  for  the  latter 
it  is,  atmosphere  and  life.     Its  cares,  its  nice  management,  its  ceaseless 
and  absorbing  drain  upon  the  mind,  the  perils  of  its  failures  and  the  weight 
of  its  responsibilities,  are  overwhelming ;  and  we  must  believe  that  the  man 
devoted  to  this  dazzling  drudgery  can  have  little  appetite  and  less  time  to 
spare  for  any  other  duties,  however  onerous,  or  enjoyments,  however  seduo* 
tive.     A  leader  of  the  House  of  Commons  needs  no  other  task,  can  take 
no  other  pleasure.     But  before  the  late  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  had 
his  literary  predilections  shaped  in  this  school,— 'Wben  he  began  his  startling 


I860.]  '  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet,  127 

forensic  career,  as  it  were  with  a  Jewish  razor  lacerating  a  cotton-bag, — 
he  had  stirred  the  world  with  numerous  popular  productions  of  the  more 
ordinary  literary  character.  Like  all  youths  of  spirit  or  genius  (not  swayed 
by  some  inherited  motive  of  an  opposite  kind),  he  set  out  as  a  Quixotic  righter 
of  wrongs  and  redresser  of  grievances,  fiulwer  was  an  ardent  reformer ; 
Lord  John  penned  the  romantic  "  Nun  of  Avouca."  It  is  only  experience 
that  can  teach  us  that  the  marvellous  light  a-head  which  bewilders  us  on 
entering  the  arena,  may  be  somewhat  phantasmagorial,  and  that  real  utility 
and  the  welfare  and  happiness  of  mankind  may  lie  in  a  region  between  us 
and  that  ignis  fatuus  of  our  young  presumptuous  ideas  and  baseless  aspira- 
tions. In  such  radical  humour,  when  kings  were  all  tyrants,  and  priests 
hypocrites,  and  Napoleon  was  remembered  as  having  generously  given  unity 
and  freedom  (with  an  Iron  Crown !)  to  Italy,  Disraeli,  1834,  then  about  thirty 
years  of  age,  published  first  one  book,  and  then  other  two,  of  his  "  Revolu- 
tionary Epick/'  which  thoroughly  warranted  its  title.  Even  Savage  Lan- 
dor,  when  he  advertised  his  graduated  scale  of  rewards  for  imperial,  royal, 
and  other  crowned  head  assassinations,  was  but  a  parodist  of  the  poem  in 
which  one  of  the  interlocutors,  the  Liberal  professor  of  liberty  and  equality, 
sang,— 

"  And  blessed  be  the  hand  that  dares  to  wave 
The  regicidal  steel  that  shall  redeem 
A  nation's  sorrow  with  a  tyrant's  blood !  *' 

It  18  a  mercy  that  as  we  age  (not  being  all  Sav-ages)  we  cool  down,  and 
learn  that  it  may  be  wiser  and  better  to  submit  to  authority,  and  calmly 
and  steadily  endeavour  to  improve  what  is  amiss  in  government,  than  to 
tdce  to  knives  and  daggers  and  embrue  our  hands  in  murder !  Eight  or 
ten  years  earlier,  however,  the  author  had  tried  his  force  as  one  of  the 
writers  in  the  "  Representative," — ^a  Tory  morning  paper,  on  which  John 
Murray  threw  away  some  £20,000  in  a  very  short  space, — and  had,  in  the 
interim,  launched  "  The  Psychological  Romance,*'  and  a  series  of  works  of 
fiction  which  attracted  extensive  notoriety,  and  excited  great  resentments. 
A  secret  principle  derived  from  his  Hebrew  ancestry,  and  a  fervid  imagin- 
ation of  almost  **  Monte  Christo"  intensity,  animated  his  earlier  novels,  and 
imparted  to  them  a  sort  of  mysterious  charm.  Their  variety  of  design  and 
inequality  of  execution,  all  however  possessing  striking  proofs  of  original 
conceptions  and  peculiar  developments,  insured  an  immense  circulation ; 
and  "Vivian  Grey,"  1826,  and  Key,  1827,  "Henrietta  Temple,"  1827, 
"Voyage  of  Captain  PopaniUa,"  1828,  '*  The  Young  Duke,"  1831,  "  Con- 
tarini  Fleming,"  1832,  "Wondrous  Tale  of  Alroy,"  1833,  if  they  came 
'^like  shadows,"  did  not  '*so  depart."  It  may  be  remarked  as  a 
very  extraordinary  circumstance,  but  completely  established  by  a  compre- 
hensive analysis  of  these  productions,  that  they  impersonate  the  writer  as 
distinctly  as  ever  Byron  was  identified  with  his  characters,  and  exhibit 
that  fixed  purpose  and  self-reliance  for  its  successful  development  which 


128  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet.  ['^ug. 

launched  him  on  his  fearfully  arduous  career,  and  has  raised  him  to  the 
lofty  position  his  talents  have  achieved.  When  we  ask  what  has  he- 
come  of  all  the  novels — the  multitude — published  within  the  last  five  and 
twenty  years,  we  find  that  some  of  these  still  exist  and  continue  to  be 
read,  whereas  the  million  are  gone,  no  one  can  tell  where,  quite  lost  to 
sight  and  not  to  memory  dear.  Travels  in  the  East,  whence  he  re- 
turned in  1831,  no  doubt  gave  a  tone  to  several  of  Mr.  Disraeli's 
productions;  but  when  keenly  embarked  in  politics,  a  change  ensued, 
and  "Coningsby,"  and  " Anti-Coningsby,"  1844,  "Sybil,"  1845,  and 
"Tancred,"  1847,  ran  in  an  entirely  new  course.  One  cannot  bestow  the 
highest  praise  upon  these  instruments  of  party  warfare.  Their  sarcasm 
and  exposure  of  the  imbecilities  and  "insolence  of  office,  which  patient 
merit  must  from  the  unworthy  take,"  are  racy  and  effective  against  ac- 
knowledged evils;  and  the  single  word  ''Tapists"  is  a  verbal  immortality, 
like  Dickens'  way  "  not  to  do  it"  of  the  "  Circumlocution  Office."  But 
personality  is  beneath  the  dignity  of  literature,  and  whoever  condescends 
to  the  employment  of  that  caricaturist  means  of  offence,  errs  in  the  pro- 
vocation of  hostilities  unworthy  of  gentlemanly  contest.  The  Biography 
of  Lord  G.  Bentinck  is  a  friendly  and  able  offering  to  departed  English 
manliness,  energy,  and  patriotic  purpose ;  and  the  editing  of  the  interest- 
ing works  of  his  father,  Mr.  Isaac  Disraeli,  a  performance  of  filial  reverence 
and  affection  which  does  honour  to  both  *. 

If  we  have  remarked  more  upon  political  and  parliamentary  effects  than 
appears  to  belong  to  a  sketch  of  this  nature,  it  is  because  they  have  been 
so  far  inseparably  connected  with  the  literary  division  of  our  subject.  We 
proceed  now  to  other  personages,  where  there  are  no  comparisons  in  regard 
to  authorship,  or  no  authorship  of  any  description.  Of  the  Marquis  of 
Salisbury  we  have  no  trace  in  the  publishing  world  ;  of  Sir  John  Paking- 
ton  nothing  beyond  magisterial  issues  and  able  speeches  in  the  House. 
Mr.  Estcourt,  the  double  of  Mr.  Walpole,  is  equally  unknown ;  and 
Mr.  Henley,  richly  informed  in  an  extensive  range  of  literature,  and  Lord 
Stanley,  in  the  same  relative  position,  have  given  us,  the  first  a  very  able 
speech  on  moving  the  Education  Bill,  1855,  and  the  last,  several  addresses 
in  favour  of  opening  the  British  Museum  on  the  afternoons  of  Sunday,  at 
the  Association  for  Promoting  Social  Science,  and  on  the  public  health,  &c., 
all  displaying  distinctly  great  statistical  attainments  and  liberal  and  very 
comprehensive  views.  Of  Lord  Hardwicke  we  have  no  record  apart  from 
his  practical  knowledge  of  nautical  afifairs,  and  his  advocacy  for  the  welfare 
of  our  sailors,  in  debate ;  and  General  Peel  stands  in  the  same  relation  to 
the  military  service  and  soldiers ;  and  with  Lord  John  Manners,  therefore, 
with  this  desultory  mention  of  them,  we  must  conclude  our  notice.     His 

*  Besides  these  we  can  only  remember  the  political  Letter,  a  severe  attadc  on  Peel, 
1846,  and  a  pamphlet  on  the  Italian  Question,  1848. 
2 


I860.]  Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet,  129 

Lordship  appeared  as  a  graceful  poet  nearly  twenty  years  ago,  in  a  small 
volume,  1841,  which  procured  for  him  the  title  of  Poet  of  Young  Eng- 
land, and  has  since  combined  the  cultivation  of  his  inherent  literary 
tastes  with  official  and  legislative  training  in  statesmanship, — a  capa- 
bility not  to  be  acquired  per  saltum,  nor  without  great  devotedness  and 
deep  study.  The  Duke  of  Rutland  published  "Travels  in  Great  Britain"  in 
1805;  Lord  John  Manners  "Notes  of  an  Irish  Tour**  in  1849,  as  well  as 
"Sketches and  Notes  of  a  Cruise  in  the  Scotch  Waters'*  the  preceding  year, 
with  nice  illustrations  by  the  veteran  Schetky.  A  volume  of  *'  English 
Ballads,  and  other  Poems,"  came  from  the  press  in  1850,  and  speeches  at 
Athenaeums  and  lectures  at  Institutes  are  the  fruits  of  the  politico-poetic 
union  to  which  we  have  referred  as  a  source  of  many  of  the  compositions 
indicated  in  this  paper. 

Upon  the  whole,  it  is  gratifying  to  witness  men  who,  in  their  youth, 
have  cultivated  Letters,  and  thus  exercised  the  faculties  with  which  they 
are  blessed, — it  matters  little  in  what  way,  even  if  heterogeneous,  so  that 
the  understanding  be  enlarged, — climbing  to  the  highest  places  of  trust  and 
honour,  by  perhaps  a  track  widely  different  from  that  which  seemed  the 
promise  of  their  earlier  years.  People  are  at  last  forced  to  acknowledge, 
though  indeed  they  do  it  grudgingly,  that  a  poet  may  become  a  great 
Prime  or  other  Minister,  and  a  novelist  an  admirable  financier,  a  sage 
counsellor,  or  a  safe  director  of  national  destinies.  Learn  something,  learn 
as  much  as  you  can,  inertness  is  a  worthless  blank ;  and  like  even  the 
smallest  bits  of  articles  in  housekeeping  which  are  put  by  where  they 
may  be  found,  the  time  is  sure  to  come  when  they  may  be  wanted,  and  will 
be  of  infinite  utility.     Verb,  sat. 


A  PILGRIM'S  SONNET. 

Up  !  Up  !    The  dawn  our  slumbering  valley  fills ; 
We  have  no  call  to  linger  here.    Away  ! 
That  we  may  be  well  sped  ere  fiery  day 

Glare  on  our  stony  path.    A  thousand  ills 

May  be  well-shunn'd,  if  now,  with  earnest  wills, 
And  limbs  all  fresh  for  toil,  our  pilgrim  band 
Urge  on  their  march  through  this  wild  thirsty  land, 

And  gain,  ere  noontide,  yonder  distant  hills. 
What  though  our  path  be  rugged,  it  will  He 

*Mid  shadowing  rocks  and  ever-gushing  springs ; 
And  as  we  upwards  toil,  our  gladdening  eye 

Will  catch  the  hues  and  forms  of  fairer  things  ; 
And  ere  the  night  fall,  we  shall  mark  the  road 
That  leads  us  to  our  Pather's  lov'd  abode. 

X. 


Gktt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


130  [Aug. 


WRIGHT'S  POLITICAL  POEMS  AIS^D  SOXGS*. 

If  the  publication  of  the  series  of  "  Chronicles  and  Memorials  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland  during  the  Middle  Ages,  published  by  the  authority  of 
H.  M.  Treasury,  under  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,"  has  con- 
ferred important  advantages  upon  the  students  of  historical  literature,  it 
has  at  the  same  time  imposed  upon  them  corresponding  duties  and  respon- 
sibilities. The  nation  is  beginning  to  discover  that  at  present  it  does  not 
know  so  much  as  it  ought  to  do  about  its  own  history.  The  volumes 
already  issued  in  the  present  series  have  shewn  how  extensive,  how  varied, 
and  at  the  same  time  how  widely-dispersed,  are  the  sources  from  which 
information  is  to  be  derived ;  how  imperfectly  the  subject  has  hitherto 
been  understood ;  and,  as  a  consequence,  how  inadequately  it  has  been 
appreciated.  They  serve  to  warn  the  enquirer  against  believing  that  the 
early  monastic  chronicles  of  England  are  either  its  only  or  its  most  trust- 
worthy historians ;  and  they  encourage  him  to  push  his  investigations  into 
quarters  which  have  never  been  duly  examined,  but  from  which  he  now 
discovers  that  the  most  important  results  may  be  anticipated.  The  public 
is  scarce  yet  fully  aware  of  the  extent  and  the  value  of  its  unpublished  and 
unexplored  records.  Even  of  those  most  generally  known  by  name,  the 
utility  is  limited  by  the  absence  of  available  catalogues  and  indexes,  while 
there  exist  others  of  the  highest  importance  for  historical  purposes  which 
have  been  passed  by  unnoticed  by  nearly  all  enquirers.  It  is  not  too  much 
to  affirm  that  there  is  not  a  single  reign  from  that  of  Henry  II.  to  that  of 
Henry  VIII.  for  the  elucidation  of  which  there  do  not  exist  materials, 
not  only  unpublished  but  also  unexamined ;  and  this  remark  applies  with 
additional  force  to  the  later  and  more  important  portion  of  the  period 
which  we  have  specified.  Truly  we  have  a  long  arrear  of  past  neglect  for 
which  to  atone.  There  is  a  growing  conviction,  we  repeat,  upon  the  minds 
of  all  intelligent  enquirers,  that  there  exists,  somewhere  or  other,  a  trea- 
sure, vast  and  unexplored,  of  materials  necessary  for  the  elucidation  of  the 
history  of  England.  No  one  in  the  present  day  can  expect  to  obtain  a 
hearing  upon  any  question  connected  with  history,  civil  or  ecclesiastical, 
political  or  religious,  topographical  or  genealogical,  who  does  not  exhibit  a 
fair  acquaintance  with  the  sources  of  the  history  of  his  subject.  We  are 
tired  of  reading  Tyrrell  and  Carte  through  the  medium  of  Hume,  Turner, 
and  Lingard.     We  want  new  information ;  in  other  words,  new  material. 

*  "Political  Poems  and  Songs  relnting  to  English  History,  composed  during  the 
period  from  the  Accession  of  Edward  III.  to  that  of  Richtird  III.  Edited  by  Thomas 
Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Hon.  Mem.  R.S.L.,  &c.  (Published  by  authority  of  the 
Lords  Commissioners  of  Her  Majesty's  Treasury,  under  the  direction  of  the  Master 
of  the  RoUs."    (London :  Longmans.) 


I860.]  Wrighfs  Political  Poems  and  Songs.  131 

And  here  lies  the  responsibility  of  the  position  in  which  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls  could  not  hut  find  himself  placed  when  invited  by  Her  Majesty's 
Government  to  direct  the  series  of  publications  for  which  the  Treasury  was 
willing  to  provide  the  necessary  funds.  Not  only  did  this  imply  the  ability 
to  form  a  plan  which  should  unite  rapidity  and  regularity  of  production 
with  accuracy  of  detail,  but  it  implied,  what  is  much  more,  the  possession 
of  a  capacity  yet  higher  and  a  knowledge  yet  more  recondite ;  such  a 
familiarity  with  the  materials  for  the  history  of  England,  and  such  an 
acquaintance  with  historical  bibliography  in  all  its  varied  details,  as  should 
enable  him  to  weigh  the  merits  of  each  several  application  made  by  each 
several  applicant,  to  decide  how  far  each  suggestion  was  in  accordance  with 
the  advanced  requirements  of  our  age,  what  new  sources  of  information 
should  be  opened,  what  new  light  could  be  thrown  upon  the  history  of 
our  nation,  what  blank  could  be  filled  up.  This  was  no  sinecure,  for  a 
long  and  patient  study  must  have  gone  before  it,  and  it  must  be  accom- 
panied by  many  anxieties.  What  was  done  by  Bouquet  and  his  Bene- 
dictines, by  Brial  and  the  members  of  the  Institute  of  France,  by  Pertz 
and  his  dozen  of  sub-editors,  has  been  done,  and  done  successfully,  by 
Sir  John  Rom  illy. 

In  proportion,  however,  to  its  difficulty  is  its  merit,  and  in  proportion  to 
its  merit  is  its  success.  The  nation  has  proved  that  it  appreciates  what 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  is  doing  for  historical  literature  by  the  steady  pur- 
chase of  the  works  which  are  issued  under  the  sanction  of  his  name.  He 
has  proved  himself  master  of  the  position  which  he  has  been  called  upon 
to  occupy.  The  nation  will  not  now  consent  to  the  abandonment,  or  the 
curtailment,  of  a  scheme  which  even,  in  the  third  year  of  its  existence,  has 
produced  at  such  a  small  outlay  works  so  varied,  so  novel,  and,  upon  the 
whole,  so  important. 

We  have  watched  the  progress  of  this  series  since  its  beginning  with  a 
kindly  interest  and  a  hearty  wish  for  its  success.  The  plan  upon  which  it 
is  conducted  is  honest,  simple,  and  intelligible;  and  the  expenditure  is 
surprisingly  moderate  when  compared  with  the  results.  The  selection  of 
the  publications  has,  upon  the  whole,  been  judicious  and  discriminating, 
and  the  editors,  as  a  body,  have  done  their  work  carefully  and  well.  Where 
there  is  so  much  to  praise  it  would  be  invidious  to  do  more  than  hint  that 
a  few  blots  and  blemishes  might  possibly  be  brought  to  light  by  a  criticism 
of  the  several  works  in  detail.  The  undertaking  has  begun  well,  and  it 
will  doubtless  improve  as  it  advances,  for  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  will 
speedily  discover  that  he  possesses  the  confidence  of  the  public,  and  will 
proceed  with  increased  energy. 

One  of  the  works  lately  issued  is  the  first  volume  of  Mr.  Thos.  Wright's 
"  Political  Poems  and  Songs  relating  to  English  History,  composed  during 
the  Period  from  the  Accession  of  Edward  III.  to  that  of  Richard  III." 
Mr.  Wright  has  long  been  familiar  with  this  subject.     It  is,  in  itself,  an 


132  Wrighfs  Political  Poems  and  Songs.  [Aug. 

exceedingly  interesting  one,  and  is  calculated  to  illustrate  the  history  and 
the  politics,  and  the  social,  moral,  and  religious  feelings  of  our  ancestors. 
Such  songs  as  some  of  these  here  printed  constitute  a  species  of  barometer 
which  indicates  with  tolerable  accuracy  the  condition  of  the  mental  atmos- 
phere of  the  period.  We  hailed  the  announcement  of  the  work  with  plea- 
sure, a  feeling  which,  however,  has  been  considerably  modified  upon  an 
examination  of  the  contents  of  this  first  volume.  For  we  discover  in  it  a 
deviation  from  a  most  wholesome  rule  which  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  ap- 
pears hitherto  to  have  laid  down  for  his  own  guidance  and  the  guidance 
of  his  editors;  a  rule  carried  out,  we  believe,  with  only  one  or  two  un- 
important exceptions,  until  the  present  time.  We  proceed  to  explain 
our  meaning. 

With  such  abundant  materials  at  his  disposal,  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
appears  to  have  recognised  the  maxim  that  it  is  better  to  give  the  public 
new  and  unedited  materials  than  improved  editions  of  materials  with  which 
they  are  already  familiar.  He  has  hitherto  conducted  his  series  upon  the 
principle  that  since  so  much  precious  ore  still  lies  hidden  in  the  mine,  to 
bring  this  to  the  surface  is  a  duty  of  primary  obligation.  This  wise 
arrangement,  dictated  by  the  practical  common  sense  of  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  has  been  accepted  and  acted  upon  by  the  editors  in  all  cases  in 
which  the  selection  of  documents  has  been  left  to  their  own  discretion  ; 
and  it  has  carried  with  it  the  approval  of  the  public.  It  will  be  necessary, 
doubtless,  to  depart  from  it  at  some  future  time,  but  that  time  has  not  yet 
arrived ;  and  until  the  necessity  arises,  we  see  no  reason  why  the  rule 
should  be  violated,  as  we  regret  to  say  it  has  been  violated  in  the  present 
volume.  Unless  some  special  exception  has  been  made  in  the  case  of 
Mr.  Wright,  Mr.  Wright  has  made  a  special  exception  for  himself ;  for  of 
the  volume  now  published  one  half  was  in  print  previous  to  its  appearance 
in  the  present  series.  We  have  gone  through  the  volume  in  detail,  and 
speak  from  the  result  of  our  enquiry.  We  sincerely  trust  that,  so  far 
from  forming  a  precedent,  this  will  prove  an  exceptional  case.  It  may  be 
convenient  to  have  before  us  in  a  single  volume  all  the  political  songs  and 
poems  now  scattered  through  several  distinct  publications ;  but  we  maintain 
that  the  time  for  reprints  has  not  yet  arrived.  The  distinguishing  feature 
of  the  series  has  hitherto  been  the  production  of  new  matter,  and  this  has 
constituted  one  of  its  chief  merits.  The  public  has  evidently  sanctioned 
the  sound  discretion  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  in  this  respect,  and  his- 
torical literature  has  been  the  gainer  by  the  arrangement.  There  is  no 
reason  that  we  can  see  why  a  system  which  has  hitherto  worked  so  well, 
and  the  merits  of  which  have  been  so  generally  recognised,  should  be 
superseded  by  one,  the  disadvantages  of  which  are  so  transparent ;  while 
there  are  many  reasons  why  (for  the  present  at  least)  it  should  be  adhered 
to.  We  are  willing  to  believe  that  there  has  been  some  inadvertence,  or 
misapprehension,  upon  the  part  of  the  editor  of  the  present  volume ;  and 


;;• 


I860.]  Inventory  of  a  Breton  Manor-house,  133 

we  entreat  him  to  confinn  this  explanation  by  strictly  limiting  his  second 
volume  to  matter  hitherto  unprinted. 

And  now,  having  recorded  this  our  protest,  we  have  to  add  that  Mr. 
Wright's  volume  contains  much  curious  matter,  that  the  text  upon  the 
whole  is  carefully  edited,  and  that  the  Introduction,  without  exhibiting 
either  e\ tended  research  or  acute  criticism,  furnishes  a  convenient  running 
commentary  upon  the  documents.  The  subject  might  have  been  handled 
more  skilfully,  but  such  as  it  is  we  accept  it  and  are  thankful. 


IFVENTOKY  OF  A  BRETOl^  MAI^OR-HOUSE  IN  THE 

SIXTEENTH  CENTURY. 

The  Revue  de  Bretagne  et  de  Vendee,  for  May  last,  published  a  docu- 
ment which,  if  genuine,  is  of  interest  for  comparison  with  the  inventories 
of  household  stuff  to  be  found  in  such  works  as  Mr.  Parker* s  recently  com- 
pleted "Domestic  Architecture.'*  It  purports  to  have  been  drawn  up  to 
support  a  petition  presented  in  1603  to  Henry  IV.  of  France,  by  Herve  de 
Parcevaux,  a  Breton  seigneur,  claiming  compensation  for  furniture  and 
other  effects  carried  off  or  destroyed  during  the  civil  war  by  Yves  du 
Liscouet,  a  leader  of  the  Huguenots  in  Brittany.  We  confess  that  the 
amount  of  plate  seems  suspiciously  large,  but  we  print  the  document  as  we 
find  it,  as  the  matter  seems  worth  investigation  : — 

"Twenty-six  goblets  or  cnps  of  silver  gilt,  two  large  goblets  of  massive  gold;  a 
water-jag  of  massive  gold,  a  cubit  in  height;  another,  half  a  cubit  high,  of  massive 
gold ;  and  fourteen  others  of  silver  gilt.  Two  gold  chains,  weighing  each  800  crowns, 
and  ornaments  for  the  head  in  gold  and  silver,  precious  stones,  rings  and  jewels,  which 
belonged  to  his  defunct  mother  and  wife,  or  to  his  present  wife,  ^ix  dozens  of  silver 
dinner  plates,  and  six  other  dozens  for  dessert;  twelve  silver  salt-cellars;  four  dozen 
silver  other  plates;  twelve  large  silver  candlesticks;  twelve  silver  vegetable  dishes, 
and  two  dozen  of  silver  spoons.  Four  large  silver  wash-hand  basins,  which  were  so 
heavy  that  one  was  enough  for  a  man  to  carry,  and  six  other  silver  basins  which  were 
1  ghter.  Two  chalices  and  a  crucifix  of  massive  gold,  and  six  complete  sets  of  sacred 
vestments,  ua  cloth  of  gold  and  silver,  for  the  applicant ;  all  the  clothes  both  of  the 
■aid  applicant  and  of  his  defunct  mother  and  wife  and  of  his  present  wife — the  whole 
worth  more  than  10,000  crowns.  The  tapestry  for  ornamenting  and  carpeting  the 
saloons  and  chambers  of  the  manor-houses  of  Mezamou,  Pascouet,  and  La  Pallure,  the 
said  tnpestry  representing  historical  personages  and  incidents.  Thirty  dozen  of  sheets 
of  fine  linen,  and  eleven  dozen  of  other  sheets.  Twenty-six  down  beds,  and  two  pillows 
and  bolsters  for  each.  Two  hundred  and  forty  blankets  of  fine  Spanish  and  English 
wool.  Thirty  dozen  of  linen  table-cloths,  and  sixty  dozen  of  napkins  to  match.  Seven 
casks  of  wine,  six  casks  of  wheat,  twelve  of  rye,  fifteen  of  oats,  four  of  barl-  y  and 
buck-wheat,  with  three  or  four  hundred  capons,  and  Feventy-five  cocks  and  hens* 
Eight  oxen  and  seven  fat  pigs  salted*  Half-a-dozen  large  oxen  for  fattening,  eighteen 
milch  cows,  sixteen  young  bulls  or  heifers,  twenty-eight  lirge  draught  horses,  six  geld- 
ings, eight  mares  with  their  colts,  and  two  fine  stallions.  Moreover,  the  arms,  chests, 
the  kitchen  utensils,  in  tin  (forty  dozen  dishes  and  twt?nty  dozen  plateti)/'  &c. 


134 


[Aug. 


SEATS  OR  BENCHES  IN  CHURCHES. 

This  subject  was  discussed  at  the  recent  annual  meeting  of  the  Eccle- 
siological  Society,  and  a  motion  was  carried,  which  led  to  an  undertaking 
by  the  President  to  draw  up  a  memorial  to  the  Church  Building  Society. 
This  document  and  the  reply  that  it  has  elicited  we  have  been  requested  to 
insert  in  our  pages. 

"  To  the  Committee  of  the  Incorporated  Society  for  Building  and  Bepairing  Churches. 

amoanted  to  about  £80.  Had  I  adopted 
a  still  simpler  form  of  chair,  I  mijiclit  have 
seated  the  church  for  a  still  smaller  sum. 
This  instance  is  sufficient  to  prove  that  in 
discountenancing  chairs  the  Society  may 
frequently  drive  poor  localities  into  heavy 
expences  which  otherwise  might  be  ob> 
viated. 

**  The  committee  of  the  Ecdesiological 
Society  beg  further  to  represent  that  they 
conceive  that  the  Society's  grants  should 
be  given  upon  a  scale  founded  on  the  com- 
puted area  of  each  church,  rather  than 
upon  the  alleged  number  of  sittint^s.  The 
adoption  of  this  system  would  ensure  per- 
fect fairness  in  every  case,  while  according 
to  the  present  system  the  Incorporated 
Society  must  often  be  at  the  mercy  of 
those  persons  who  do  not  scruple  to  dress 
up  plans  with  a  fallacious  show  of  sittings, 
of  inconveniently  cramped  dimensions,  or 
placed  in  corners  of  the  church  where 
seeing  and  hearing  are  impossible. 

"  I  am,  Ac., 

"A.  J.  6.  BSBESFOBD-HOPB. 


**  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, — The  com- 
mittee of  the  Ecclesiological  Society  have 
instruct«^d  me,  as  its  President,  to  convey 
to  you  the  respectful  expression  of  the 
wish  of  that  Society,  as  shown  by  a  unani- 
mous vote  at  its  recent  general  meeting, 
that  you  would  take  into  your  considera- 
tion the  revision  of  your  rules  so  far  as 
they  give  an  advantafre  to  one  method 
rather  than  another  of  seating  churches. 

"A  few  years  ago  the  only  method  of 
seating  churches,  which  was  in  use,  was 
that  of  pews  or  benches,  and  it  was  there- 
fore reasonable  that  your  Society  should 
not  have  made  provision  for  any  other 
system.  But  the  popularity  which  has 
followed  the  introduction  of  chairs  into  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral,  Westminster  Abbey,  and 
other  churches,  has  undoubtedly  esta- 
blished the  fact  that  chairs  may  now  be 
legitimately  considered  as  an  alternative 
method. 

"The  Ecclesiological  Society  does  not 
in  thus  memorializing  the  Incorporated 
Society  desire  to  express  any  opinion  upon 
the  comparative  advantages  of  benches 
and  chairs.  But  it  ventures  to  submit  its 
very  decided  conviction  thnt  the  two  sys- 
tems ought  to  be  placed  on  a  footing  of 
perfect  equality,  and  that  the  assistance 
rendered  should  be  in  respect  of  accommo- 
dation and  not  of  the  form  in  which  that 
accommodation  is  offered— a  question,  as 
it  contends,  which  should  be  left  to  the 
discretion  of  the  church  builders.  At  the 
same  time  it  empowers  me  to  offer  one 
practical  reason  why  in  many  cases  the 
prohibition  of  chairs  would  operate  as  a 
serfous  practical  difsadvantage.  This  rea- 
son is  their  great  cheapness  in  comparison 
with  benches.  I  was  engaged  last  year  in 
seating  a  church  which  contains  about  600 
worshippers.  An  estimate  was  promised  for 
deal  benches  of  a  very  simple  design,  and 
the  amount  proved  to  be  about  £400.  I 
th^n  adopted  chairs  of  the  precise  design 
and  price  of  those  which  have  been  placed 
in   St.  Paul's    Cathedral,  and    the  cost 


"ArJclow  House,  June  16,  1860." 


"7,  Whitehall,  S,W,,  June  19, 1860. 

"  Dear  Mr.  Hope, — I  have  to  inform 
you  that  the  memorial  from  the  Ecclesio- 
logical Society,  with  which  you  favoured 
me  last  week,  wa^  duly  presented  to  this 
committee  at  their  meeting  yesterday. 
There  was  subsequently  much  discussion 
on  the  subject  of  chairs  for  churches,  and 
a  sub-committee  has  been  appointed  'to 
consider  the  expediency  of  making  grants' 
where  they  are  introduced  '  in  lieu  of  fixed 
seats,  and  the  regulations  under  which 
such  grants  shall  be  made.' 
"  Believe  me  to  remain, 

**  Very  faithfully  yours, 

"  Geobob  Ainslie,  Sec. 

"  A.  J.  Beresford-Hope,  Esq., 
"Arklow  House." 


I860.]  135 


HADLEIGH.     THE  TOWN ;  THE  CHURCH,  Ac* 

This  volume  is  highly  creditable  to  the  author,  and  does  not  at  all  re- 
quire the  modest  apology  for  its  publication  which  is  prefixed  to  it.  Al- 
though not  a  regular  antiquary,  Mr.  Pigot  shews  himself  to  be  an  intelligent, 
well-informed  man,  able  to  give  a  good  and  clear  account  of  the  history 
of  the  place  entrusted  to  his  care  :  we  wish  we  could  say  that  our  clergy 
generally  are  equally  well  prepared  to  give  an  account  of  their  parishes. 
We  are  sorry  to  observe  that  Mr.  Pigot  is  curate  only,  and  hope  that  he 
will  soon  be  in  a  position  to  carry  more  weight  in  the  parish,  to  which  his 
good  sense  and  his  diligence  fairly  entitle  him. 

The  work  consists  of  three  parts  :  I.  The  Town  ;  II.  The  Church  ;  III. 
The  Great  Men  ;  and  an  appendix  containing  very  valuable  matter,  arranged 
under  A.  The  Extenta  (or  Survey  of  the  Parish)  in  1305,  the  34th  year  of 
Edward  I.;  B.  Inventories  of  the  Plate,  &c.,  of  the  Church  in  1480,  and 
at  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  accompanied  by  useful  explanatory  notes ; 
C.  A  List  of  the  Painted  Glass  in  the  Church  in  1 794,  a  very  small  part 
of  which  is  now  in  existence ;  D.  A  List  of  the  Deans  of  Booking ;  E. 
The  Rectors  of  Hadleigh,  also  accompanied  by  notes.  Hadleigh  is  a  town 
which  was  formerly  more  important  than  it  is  at  present,  and  its  history, 
drawn  from  authentic  sources,  seems  to  illustrate  that  of  the  county,  and 
indeed  of  the  eastern  part  of  England  generally  ;  and  the  following  extracts 
from  it  will,  we  have  no  doubt,  be  acceptable  to  our  readers  : — 

"The  Town,  then,  lays  claim  to  considerable  antiquity,  and  if  the  supposed 
etymology  of  its  name, — head,  'chief,'  and  ieage,  'place,' — be  correct,  Hadleigh 
would  seem  to  have  been  a  place  of  importance  even  in  Saxon  times.  And  indeed  the 
inference,  which  is  thus  suggested  by  its  name,  is  confirmed  by  historical  evidence  of 
good  authority.  In  the  Annals  of  Asser,  a  monk  of  St.  David's,  the  most  learned  man 
in  the  country  of  his  day, — the  favourite  companion,  moreover,  of  King  Alfred, — it  is 
stated : — 

"'Anno  DCCCXC  obiit  Guthram  Rex  Paganorum,  qui  et  Athelstani  nomen  in  bap- 
tismo  suscepit.  Qui  primus  apud  Orientales  Anglos  reg^avit  post  passionem  sancti 
regis  Edmundi,  ipsamque  regionem  divisit,  coluit  atque  primus  inhabitavit.  Mortuus 
est  itaque  anno  xiv*  postquam  baptismum  suscepit,  mausoleatusque  est  in  villa  regis, 
qu8D  vocatur  Hcadleaga  apud  Orientales  Anglos.' 

"  Outhrum  was  the  great  leader  of  the  Danes  at  that  period,  and  it  was  int )  his  camp 
at  Eddiiigton,  in  Wiltshire,  that  King  Alfred  ventured  in  the  disguise  of  a  harper, 
with  the  view  of  ascertaining  their  number  and  their  discipline.  The  issue  from 
that  visit  is  Well  known :  the  Danes  were  attacked  and  defeated  by  Alfred;  Quthiuin 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  on  condition  that  his  life  was  spared,  consented  to  become 
a  Christian. 

■  "Hadleigh.  The  Town;  the  Church;  and  the  Great  Men  who  have  been  born 
in,  or  connected  with,  the  Parish.  A  Papir  read  before  the  Suffolk  Archaeological 
Institute,  by  the  Rev.  Hugh  Pigot,  M.A.,  Curate  of  Hadleigh.  8vo.,  x.  and  290  pp., 
and  10  plates."    (Lowestoft :  Tymms.) 


136  Iladleigh,     The  Tomn ;  the  Church,  S^c.  [Aug. 

"  It  b  clear  from  the  words  of  Asser  that  Hadleigh  was  once  a  '  royal  town/  iuas- 
much  as  it  was  the  place  where  Outhrum  resided  after  he  had  been  advanced  by  his 
conqueror  to  the  dignity  of  King  of  the  EHst  Angles ;  it  is  clear,  too,  that  it  was  the 
place  of  Guthrum's  death,  and  of  his  burial ;  and  it  would  also  appear,  I  think,  that 
Hadleigh  had  no  existence  as  a  town  before  his  days.     .    .    . 

"  Some  persons  have  gone  so  far  as  to  conjecture  that  at  the  time  of  the  Roman 
Conquest  the  more  civilized  Britons  were  clothed  in  woollen  fabrics ;  but  the  first 
authentic  record  states  that  certain  Flemings,  driven  out  of  their  own  country  by  an 
encroachment  of  the  sea,  came  to  England,  a.d.  1111,  and  were  stationed  by  the  King, 
Henry  the  First,  in  Carlisle,  but,  not  agreeing  with  the  natives,  were  transplanted  into 
Pembrokeshire. 

'*  Henry  the  Second  also  favoured  the  clothiers,  and  in  his  reign  the  manufacture 
extended  throughout  the  kingdom,  so  that  dealers  in  Norwich  as  well  as  other  places 
paid  fines  to  the  King  that  they  might  freely  buy  and  sell  dyed  cloth.  The  wars, 
however,  that  followed  under  John,  Henry  the  Third,  Edward  the  First,  and  Edward 
the  Second,  caused  the  manufacture  to  decline ;  but  still  in  the  meantime  it  had  found 
its  way  to  this  place,  for  the  Extenta  speaks  of  a  mill '  ad  pannum  fullandum,'  and  of 
one  '  Simon  the  Fuller,'  bnd  others  of  the  same  trade ;  which  appears  to  prove  that 
the  cloth  trade  was  e»tablihhed  here  as  early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  the  First. 

"But  the  decaying  trade  was  revived  by  the  policy  and  energy  of  Edward  the 
Third,  who,  a.d.  1331,  persuaded  Flemish  manufacturers  to  settle  largely  in  his 
dominions,  and  succeeded  in  firmly  establishing  an  art  which  has  since  exercised  an 
amazing  influence  on  the  fortunes  of  this  country. 

**  *  Blesstd  be  the  memory  of  King  Edward  the  Third  and  Phillippa  of  Hainault, 
his  Queen,  who  first  invented  clothes,'  says  a  monastic  chronicler,  and  we  may  take  up 
his  thanksgiving ;  not  that  the  people  had  before  gone  naked,  but  that  the  trade, 
which  was  fostered  and  encouraged  by  this  wise  King,  has  given  both  warmth  and 
riches  to  our  nation.  '  Here  they  should  feed  on  beef  and  mutton,'  says  Fuller,  when 
describing  the  inducements  which  were  held  out  by  Edward, — 

*'  *  Till  nothing  but  their  fulness  should  stint  their  stomachs :  yea,  they  should  feed 
on  the  labour  of  their  own  hands,  enjoying  a  proportionable  profit  of  their  pains  to 
themselves,  and  the  richest  yeomen  in  England  would  not  disdain  to  marry  their 
daughters  unto  them,  and  such  the  English  beauties  that  the  most  curious  foreigners 
could  not  but  commend  them.' 

"And  after  having  thus  stated  the  not  very  creditable  ways  by  which  Edward 
cfl*ected  his  object,  he  goes  on  to  say : — 

" '  Happy  the  yeoman's  house  into  which  one  of  these  Dutchmen  did  enter,  bringing 
industry  and  wealth  along  with  them  !  Such  who  came  in  strangpers  within  doors, 
soon  after  went  out  bridegrooms  and  returned  sons-in-law,  having  married  the 
daughters  of  their  landlords,  who  first  entertained  them ;  yea,  those  yeomen  in  whose 
houses  they  harboured,  soon  proceeded  gentlemen,  gaining  great  estates  to  themselves, 
arms  and  worship  to  their  estates.'     .     .    . 

"  And  a  few  years  later  we  find  Hadleigh  described  by  Fox,  in  his  life  of  Rowland 
Tayler,  as  *  a  town  of  cloth  making  and  labouring  people,'  in  which  were  '  rich  cloth 
makers,'  upon  whom  Dr.  Tayler  used  to  call  and  solicit  alms  for  the  poor,  and  to 
interest  them  in  the  welfare  of  their  less  fortunate  neighbours;  and  in  the  greater  part 
of  the  following  century  there  is  evidence  both  from  wills  and  from  the  registers  that 
the  cloth  trade  fiourished  in  the  place.  Numerous  benefactions  were  made  to  cha- 
ritable objects  during  this  period,  which  testify  not  only  to  the  generosity,  but  also  to 
the  prosperity,  of  the  master  clothiers ;  and  the  register  of  baptisms,  where  it  begins 
to  tell  the  occupation  of  the  father,  proves  that  the  trade  of  *  clothier  and  weaver' 
was  the  most  common  trade  of  all.    In  1635  the  kindred  trades  of  clothier,  draper. 


I860.]  Hadkigh.     The  lown;  the  Church,  ^c.  137 

tailor,  shcannan,  cardman,  comber,  and  weaver,  was  47  against  47  of  all  other  trades 
combined.    .    .     . 

"  But  I  will  pass  on  now  to  the  modes  in  which  the  town  was  governed  during  the 
season  of  its  prosperity.  And  it  would  seem  that  the  earliest  mode  in  which  it  was 
governed,  after  the  death,  at  least,  of  Outbrum,  was  by  Guilds.  Guilds  were,  at  all 
events,  of  Saxon  institution,  and  were  voluntary  sodeties,  something  like  our  benefit 
clubs,  only  commonly  of  a  more  religious  character,  in  which  the  associated  members 
pledged  themselves  to  defend  each  other  against  injury,  to  relieve  each  other  in  dis- 
tress,  and  to  secure  the  ofiering  up  of  masses  for  the  souls  of  each  other  after  death. 
They  were  called  Guilds  from  the  Saxon  verb  gUdan,  *  to  pay,'  (that  is,  into  a  common 
fund  for  the  benefit  of  the  society,)  and  'exhibited  the  natural  if  not  the  legal 
character  of  corporations.'  They  possessed  in  some  towns  either  landed  property  of 
their  own,  or  rights  of  superiority  over  that  of  others.  Of  such  Guilds  there  is  evi- 
dence that  there  existed  Jive  in  Hadleigh,  and  their  several  titles  were  the  Guild  of 
Trinity,  Corpus  Christi,  St.  John,  Jesus  Guild,  and  our  Lady's  Guild.  This  was  a 
large  number,  and  sufficient  of  itself  to  shew  the  great  prosperity  of  Hadleigh  at  that 
time ;  but  the  value  of  the  vestments  and  of  the  plate  which  once  belonged  to  them 
(an  inventory  of  which  is  g^ven  in  the  appendix)  is  a  still  more  convindng  evidence 
of  this  fact,  for  while  even  in  Ipswich  the  vessels,  &c.,  belonging  to  the  Guilds 
were  made  of  no  more  costly  substance  than  brass  and  pewter,  here  they  were  chiefly 
made  of  silver." — (pp.  3 — 16.) 

So  far  it  will  be  seen  that  this  history  agrees  with  the  general  history  of 
many  other  towns,  and,  with  little  change,  might  be  applied  to  many  other 
places ;  bat  such  history  is  in  general  little  known  even  among  persons  who 
consider  themselves  woll  educated,  and  Mr.  Pigot  has  done  good  service  in 
bringing  it  forward  in  a  clear  and  readable  manner. 

What  follows  is  more  strictly  of  a  local  character  : — 

**  The  Rectory  tower  was  built  by  the  munificent  rector,  Dr.  I^kenham,  in  the 
year  1495,  and  is  a  beautiful  spedmen  of  the  brickwork  of  that  period,  48  feet  3  inches 
in  height  from  the  g^und  to  the  top  of  the  battlements,  and  fianked  at  the  four  cor- 
ners by  panelled  and  battlemented  turrets,  which  rise  a  few  inches  more  than  9  feet 
above  the  rest  of  the  building.  Two  of  these  turrets,  those  facing  the  east,  rise  from 
the  ground,  and  are  sexagonal ;  the  other  two  spring  from  the  comers,  a  little  below 
the  corbel-table.  The  frx)nt  of  the  tower,  which  is  31  feet  4  inches  wide,  faces  the 
east,  and  on  that  side  is  the  entrance  doorway ;  on  the  first  floor  above  is  a  small  oriel 
window,  the  brick-work  of  which  is  both  battlemented  and  machicolated  at  the  top. 

"  Underneath  was,  as  I  said,  the  passage  to  the  old  Rectory,  having  on  the  left  on 
the  ground  floor  a  small  room,  with  a  roof  of  massive  beams  of  oak,  which  probably 
served  as  the  porter's  lodge;  above  this,  approached  by  a  short  winding  staircase,  is 
another  room,  which  was,  no  doubt,  intended  for  the  night  accommodation  of  the  porter ; 
but  in  neither  room  is  there  any  trace  of  a  fireplace.  Still  precautions  were  taken  fbr 
his  safety,  when  it  was  connected  with  the  safety  of  the  other  inmates,  for  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  staircase  there  was  a  slit  in  the  wall  to  enable  bun  to  see  visitors  before  he 
unbarred  the  entrance-door.  On  the  right  hand,  in  the  comer  turret,  is  another 
winding  staircase,  which  leads  to  two  large  rooms  above,  and,  finally,  to  the  summit 
of  the  tower."— (pp.  26,  26.) 

Then  follows  a  description  of  some  curious  paintings  on  the  walls  of  the 
rooms  in  the  tower,  executed  in  1629  at  the  expense  of  Dr.  Goad,  then 
rector.  Other  pictures  on  the  walls  of  the  same  tower  are  said  to  be  by 
Canaletti,  and  the  description  of  them  seems  to  agree  with  his  style  ;  these 

GxHT.  Mao.  Vol.  OCIX.  b 


138  Hadleiffh.     The  Town ;  the  Church,  fyc.  [Aug. 

are  said  to  have  been  executed  by  him  when  in  England  and  on  a  visit  to 
the  rector,  Dr.  Tanner,  in  1 750.  There  is  a  lithograph  plate  of  this  tower, 
by  J.  S.  Malley,  which  gives  a  tolerable  idea  of  it,  but  as  a  work  of  art  we 
cannot  say  much  for  it.  Such  subjects  are  in  general  better  executed  on 
wood,  the  expense  of  which  is  much  the  same ;  and  it  has  this  additional 
advantage,  that  casts  of  woodcuts  are  available  for  other  archeeological  pub« 
lications.  Our  limits  compel  us  to  pass  over  the  description  of  the  church, 
which  is  a  large  and  fine  one  of  the  usual  Suffolk  style  of  the  fifteenth  cen* 
tury.     But  we  cannot  refrain  from  this  extract : — 

"  On  tbe  right  side  of  the  pulpit  is  a  very  curious  figure  carved  in  wood,  representing 
a  beast  sitting  down  on  its  hind  quarters,  with  folded  wings,  with  the  fore  legs  and 
feet  of  a  man,  wearing  shoes  of  the  period  of  Richard  the  Second,  and  with  the  hind 
feet  (cloven)  of  an  animal.  The  head  is  covered  with  a  hood,  kept  in  its  position  by 
the  liripipe,  or  small  pendent  tail  of  the  hood,  which  is  tied  as  a  fiilet  round  the  brows. 
The  neck  is  encircled  with  a  collar,  resembling  the  ornament  anciently  worn  by  eccle- 
siastics on  their  robes,  and  the  mouth  carries  by  the  hair  the  head  of  a  man.  The 
figure  was  formerly  the  head  of  a  Perpendicular  bench,  and  is  clearly  an  allusion  to 
the  legend  of  St.  Edmund  ^,  though  at  the  same  time  a  caricature  of  the  monks.  Such 
caricatures  were  common  from  the  eleventh  century  to  the  Reformation." — (pp.  50,  51.) 

This  is  accompanied  also  by  a  lithograph  by  W.  B.  Tymms,  from  a 
drawing  by  A.  E.  Sprague,  who,  we  presume,  is  the  architect  at  Colchester, 
for  few  can  draw  like  him ;  and  this  is  beautifully  drawn,  affording  a  strik- 
ing contrast  in  this  respect  to  most  of  the  other  plates.  We  could  have 
wished  it  had  been  engraved  in  some  more  permanent  manner,  but  it  is 
only  justice  to  Mr.  Tymms  to  say  that  he  has  rendered  his  drawing  faith- 
fully and  clearly.  The  palimpsest  brass  of  Rowland  Tayler,  1594,  on  one 
side,  and  a  Flemish  merchant  of  about  a  century  previous  on  the  other, 
is  curious,  and  is  carefully  drawn  by  the  anastatic  process.  As  this  church 
was  in  the  district  devastated  by  the  notorious  "William  Dowsing,  under 
the  authority  of  Parliament,  in  1643,  we  cannot  be  surprised  that  most  of 
the  brasses  and  of  the  painted  glass  have  disappeared. 

The  biographical  portion  of  Mr.  Pigot's  volume  appears  to  be  carefully 
put  together,  but  our  limits  compel  us  to  abstain  from  so  tempting  a  theme. 
The  list  comprises  several  names  of  persons  of  considerable  eminence  in 
their  day,  and  we  commend  it  to  the  attention  of  all  Suffolk  men. 

^  **  The  legend  is,  that  the  Danes  shot  St.  Edmund  with  arrows  in  Hoxne  Wood,  and 
then  cut  off  his  head  and  threw  it  amongst  the  trees ;  that  some  of  his  subjects  came, 
when  the  Danes  had  retired,  and  searched  for  his  body  for  the  purpose  of  burying  it, 
but  could  at  first  only  find  the  trunk ;  that  when  expressing  to  eaeh  other  wonder 
where  the  head  could  be,  they  heard  a  voice  say, '  Here,  here,  here  f  and  that  on 
going  to  the  spot  whence  the  voice  proceeded,  they  found  a  wolf  sUtinff  doum  toith  the 
loMt  head  in  its  mouth,  but  hanging  down  between  hieforelegti  that  the  wolf  politely 
gave  up  the  head ;  that  the  head  when  placed  by  the  trunk  became  miraculously  at- 
tached to  it  again,  as  if  it  had  never  been  separated ;  and  that  the  wolf,  having  quietly 
attended  the  funeral,  retired  to  its  native  woods." 


I860.]  139 


THE  GTJESTEN  HALL,  WORCESTER. 

The  subject  of  the  preservation  of  the  Guesten  Hall  was  mentioned  by 
Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide  in  his  opening  address  at  the  Congress  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  at  Gloucester,  and  at  the  close  of  the  meeting  an 
address  from  the  Institute  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Worcester  was 
agreed  on.  The  matter  thus  stands  at  present ;  but  it  fortunately  is  in  our 
power  to  lay  before  our  readers  an  authoritative  statement  of  the  condition 
of  the  building,  and  the  position  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commission  towards 
it,  with  which,  in  reply  to  our  application,  we  have  been  furnished  by  the 
courtesy  of  their  architect,  Ewan  Christian,  Esq. : — 

Sib, — I  am  sorry  that  I  am  unable  at  this  time  to  prepare"  for  your  pages 
a  paper  respecting  the  Guesten  Hall,  but  I  can,  perhaps,  state  for  your 
guidance  a  useful  fact  or  two. 

First,  The  Ecclesiastical  Ciommissioners  have,  so  far  as  I  know,  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  with  the  building.  It  is  the  property  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  and 
they  only  have  the  power  to  deal  with  it.  At  the  request  of  that  body  I  surveyed 
the  Hall  in  June  last,  and  reported  to  the  Dean  as  to  its  present  condition,  and 
the  probable  cost  of  upholding  it.  The  building  is  in  a  very  mutilated  and  di- 
lapidated state.  Its  interior  is  encumbered  with  numerous  partitions  and  floors, 
erected  in  modem  times,  and  its  roof,  which  is  in  a  sadly  shattered  and  weakened 
state,  can  only  be  seen  by  clambering  up  into  a  filthy  garret. 

Externally,  one  window  only  retains  its  tracery  in  a  fairly  complete,  though 
mouldering  condition ;  fragments  of  tracery  exist  behind  ivy  and  brick-work  in 
two  others,  and  the  remaining  windows  are  wholly  devoid  either  of  tracery  or 
mullions,  and,  except  where  blocked  up  with  masonry  and  modem  sashes,  are 
open  to  the  weather. 

The  cost  of  clearing  the  interior,  repairing  the  walls  and  buttresses,  securing 
the  roof,  restoring  the  tracery  and  mullions  of  the  windows,  together  with  plain 
glazing  and  plain  stone  paving  for  the  floor,  cannot  be  estimated  at  less 
than  £1,760. 

To  restore  the  west  porch,  a  fragment  of  which  still  exists,  would  add  to  this 
amount  probably  £300  ;  and  if  the  wretched  south  front  were  touched,  the  cost 
would  be  still  further  increased.  The  Dean  and  Chapter  have,  as  I  understand, 
no  funds  wherewith  to  meet  this  expenditure,  they  have  no  use  for  the  HaU^ 
and  imless  the  public  come  forward  with  subscriptions  for  its  sustentation  and 
repair,  I  greatly  fear  it  must  of  necessity  ere  long  be  numbered  amongst  the 
things  of  the  past,  a  fate  which  would  by  no  one  be  more  sincerely  lamented 
than  by.  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Ewan  Cbristiak. 

10,  WhitehaU-placey  London, 
July  26t/iy  1860. 


140  [Aug. 


<2^t*t0tnal  Botumttttij* 


The  reader  of  Strype's  "  Annals"  will  remember  the  inscription  on  the 
coffin  of  Roger  Rippon,  one  of  the  Barrowists  who  died  in  Newgate^,  but 
to  save  the  trouble  of  turning  to  the  volume  we  here  insert  it : — 

"  This  is  the  corps  of  Roger  Rippon,  a  servant  of  Christ,  and  her  Majesty's 
faithful  subject.  Who  is  the  last  of  sixteen  or  seventeen,  which  that  great 
enemy  of  God,  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury  [Whitgift],  with  his  high  com- 
missioners, have  murdered  in  Newgate  within  these  five  years,  manifestly  for  the 
testimony  of  Jesus  Christ.  His  soul  is  now  with  the  Lord ;  and  his  blood  crieth 
for  speedy  vengeance  against  that  great  enemy  of  the  saints,  and  against  Mr. 
Richard  Young  [a  justice  of  the  peace  in  London].  Who  in  this,  and  many  the 
like  points,  hath  abused  his  power,  for  the  upholding  of  the  Romish  Antichrist, 
prelacy,  and  priesthood.*' 

Such  bearding  of  authority  as  this  was  little  likely  to  pass  unnoticed  in 
the  days  of  the  Tudors,  and  accordingly  we  find  one  of  the  sect  closely 
examined  on  the  subject,  and,  with  a  contemptuous  disregard  of  what  would 
now  be  considered  merely  decent,  by  the  very  magistrate,  Richard  Young, 
whose  conduct  is  impugned.  We  print  the  examination  of  the  prisoner, 
from  the  original  in  the  State  Paper  Office.  We  know  nothing  about  him, 
except  what  we  learn  from  Strype,  that  he  was  a  prisoner  in  Wood-street 
Counter  in  1592,  when  the  deceased,  Roger  Rippon,  was  confined  in  Bride« 
well,  and  soon  after  the  date  of  this  examination,  he  is,  in  the  confession  of 
Daniel  Buck,  another  Barrowist,  described  as  a  "  deacon"  of  their  sect. 
His  tone,  though  in  bonds,  is  lofty,  and  his  justification  of  himself,  and 
refusal  to  subscribe  his  examination,  point  him  out  as  a  worthy  precursor 
of  the  stubborn  John  Lilburn  : — 

EXAMINATION  OP  CHRISTOPHER  BOWMAN— MARCH  1,  1593. 

COBAH  EICHABDO  T0X7NO,  PRIMO  DIE  ICABTU,  1592. 

Chbistophib  Bowkan,  goldsmith,  aged  32  yeares  or  thereaboutes,  saieth, 
that  hee  was  not  at  Newgate  at  the  time  that  Roger  Rippon  dyed,  but  hee  saieth 
that  the  whole  congregation  was  consentinge  to  the  makinge  of  the  coffine,  and 
this  examinate  was  made  acquainted  with  a  further  purpose,  which  hee  saieth 
hee  disliked  of. 

Beinge  demaunded  who  is  the  congregation  and  what  bee  their  names,  hee 
saieth  he  wiU  not  declare  it,  nor  may  not  disclose  his  brethren's  secretts,  nor  the 
place  of  their  meetinge,  for  hee  remembreth  it  not,  nor  the  time. 

>  8vo.  Edit.  Oxf.  1824^  vol.  iv.  p.  186. 


I860.]  Examination  of  Christopher  Bowman.  141 

Hee  saieth  hee  was  never  consentinge  to  the  libell  or  writinge  fixed  upon  the 
coffine,  neither  doeth  hee  allowe  of  it  if  any  suche  writinge  were  made.  The 
coffine  coste  4s.  8d.,  which  was  gathered  of  the  whole  congregation,  and  paied 
bj  this  examinate. 

Hee  saieth  that  hee  doeth^not  thinke  that  their  secrete  meetinges  and  con- 
venticles are  contrary  to  God*s  lawe  or  the  lawes  of  the  realme.  Hee  saieth  hee 
cannot  take  an  othe  to  answer  to  any  slighte  causes  as  hee  thinketh  these  to  be. 

Hee  saieth  that  hee  doeth  not  remember  that  hee  sawe  Mr.  Penryn  within 
these  4  dayes,  and  will  not  aunswere  directly  thereunto,  althoughe  hee  bee  re- 
quired as  hee  is  a  Christian,  but  hath  sene  him  within  these  fewe  dayes :  how 
many  dayes  hee  knoweth  not. 

Hee  saieth  hee  was  lately  out  of  towne,  but  the  place  where  hee  will  not 
declare,  sayenge  that  unles  hee  were  knowen  to  bee  a  man  of  a  bad  life,  hee  is 
not  to  sett  down  the  places  where  hee  hath  bene. 

Hee  saieth  hee  is  not  persuaded  to  goe  to  his  parish  churche,  or  to  Pauleys 
Crosse,  to  heare  a  sermon,  for  that  hee  seeth  every  man,  how  wicked  soever  hee 
bee,  admitted  to  receive  the  communion,  and  hee  will  not  joyne  in  prayer  with 
that  mynyster  which  geveth  holy  thinges  to  dogges. 

He  denieth  to  subscribe  this  his  examination. 

(Signed)  Byc.  Youko. 

Beference  to  Strype  will  shew  Justice  Young  as  an  active  magistrate  as 
early  as  1582,  and  in  1593  Francis  Johnson,  a  prisoner,  speaks  of  him,  in 
a  letter  to  Lord  Burghley,  as  one  "  who  among  the  rest  of  the  commis- 
sioners that  usually  sit  with  him,  seems  to  carry  matters  as  pleaseth  him." 
He  appears  to  have  been  hated  not  only  by  offenders  of  various  classes, 
bat  also  by  some  of  those  connected  with  carrying  out  the  law.  In  another 
document  that  we  shall  shortly  publish,  we  shall  see  the  wife  of  the  keeper 
of  Newgate  regarding  him  as  the  enemy  of  her  husband,  and  attempting 
to  practise  magic  arts  for  his  destruction. 


ROMAN  REMAINS  IN  KENT. 

Is  excavating  the  foandations  of  the  White  Hart  Inn,  which  stood  by  the  road  side 
at  Cnxton,  near  Strood,  in  Kent,  the  workmen  have  recently  brought  to  light  a  de- 
potit  of  Roman  vessels,  many  of  which  are  of  the  elegant  red  Instrons  ware,  probably 
belonging  to  a  sepulchral  interment.  In  one  of  the  cape  the  potter's  name,  icatbbitvs, 
is  stamped  acroM  the  bottom.  This  potter's  name  is  also  to  be  found  in  the  list  of 
stamps  discovered  in  London.  The  vessels  have  been  sent  to  Lord  Damley's  at 
Cobham  Hall ;  but  it  is  supposed  they  will  ultimately  be  given  to  the  Museum  of  the 
Kent  ArcbsBolQgical  Society,  at  Chillington-house,  Maidstone. 


^ 


142  [Aug. 


ilnttquartait  anU  Hiterarg  iPntelltgeitrer* 


{^Corretpandents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gektlehah'b  Magazikb  containing 
their  Communications  mag  be  forwarded  to  them,"] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

June  14.     JoHir  Bbuce,  Esq.,  V,-P.,  in  the  chair. 

The  DiBEOTOB  announced  that  in  the  event  of  any  suhscription  heing 
initiated  for  the  preservation  of  the  Guesten-hall  at  Worcester,  the  Society 
had  determined  on  contributing  a  grant  of  ten  pounds  out  of  the  very 
limited  funds  at  their  disposal  for  such  purposes. 

'    Mr.  Sheppabd  exhibited  drawings  of  a  torque  and  of  a  vase  found  at 
Canterbury  last  April. 

J.  J.  HowABD,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  the  pedigree  of  the  Calthorpe 
family,  commencing  with  William  Calthorpe,  {femp,  1241,)  and  illustrated 
with  forty-nine  shields.  Mr.  Howard  also  exhibited  a  grant  of  arms  to 
Robert  Lee  of  Quarrenden,  dated  London,  April  18,  1513. 

The  Rev.  T.  Hugo  exhibited  the  handle  of  a  knife  in  morse- ivory. 

Mr.  Edwin  C.  Tbeland  exhibited,  by  permission  of  Sir  Percevall  Hart 
Dyke,  a  very  curious  bowl  found  at  LuUingstone,  Kent,  in  the  month  of 
April  last.  Numerous  ornaments  which  were  formerly  attached  to  the 
bowl  were  also  exhibited,  and  consisted  chiefly  of  pelta-shaped  plates, 
animals,  and  other  objects.  A  cruciform  arrangement  was  discernible, 
and  the  general  character  of  the  ornaments  induced  the  Director  to  assign 
to  it  a  Celtico- Saxon  origin.  The  bowl  was  accompanied  by  remarks  and 
drawings  from  Mr.  Treland. 

J.  J.  Habt,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  document  appointing  Sir  Richard 
Lee  ambassador  at  the  court  of  Russia  in  the  year  1600. 

Mr.  C.  Spence  exhibited  a  German  drinking-glass,  bearing  numerous 
mystical  legends  surrounding  a  figure  of  Paracelsus. 

Mr.  S.  BiBOH,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  paper  impression  of  a  tablet  of 
Thothmes  III.,  recently  found  at  Thebes,  accompanied  by  remarks  in 
illustration  of  its  contents  and  of  the  history  of  that  remarkable  reign. 

The  Rev.  J.  Webb,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  and  read  some  remarks  on  a 
halbert,  supposed  by  him  to  have  belonged  to  Richard  Cromwell.  In  the 
course  of  this  paper  Mr.  Webb  introduced  some  interesting  particulars  on 
the  family  of  R.  Cromwell. 

[We  are  compelled  to  postpone  till  our  next  number  an  account  of  the  Con- 
versazione of  June  21,  one  of  the  most  brilliant  meetings  which  have  for  a 
long  time  been  assembled  within  the  walls  of  the  Antiquarian  Society.] 


I860.] 


British  Arch(Bological  Association. 


143 


BRITISH  ASSOCIATIO]!^. 


June  27 — JuUf  4.  The  nstud  Annual 
Meeting  was  held  at  Oxford,  under  the 
presidency  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Wrot- 
tesley ;  it  was  very  numeronsly  attended. 
No  less  than  281  papers  were  read  in  the 
different  sections,  but  the  only  one  that 
would  require  report  in  the  Gentlehait's 
Magazike,  one  on  the  Wroxeter  Excava- 


tions, by  Mr.  T.  Wright,  has  already  ap- 
peared in  good  part  in  our  pages*,  and 
the  remainder  we  shall  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  putting  on  record  in  our  account 
of  the  Meeting  of  the  British  Arch»o- 
logical  Association,  which  takes  place  at 
Shrewsbury,  in  the  second  week  in  August. 


BRITISH  ARCH^OLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


Maif  30.  T.  J.  PBTTiaBiW,  F.R.S., 
P.S.A.,  V.-P.,  in  the  chair. 

The  Rev.  J.  C.  Macdona,  of  Mossley, 
near  Manchester,  was  elected  an  Associate. 

Mr.  Syer  Cuming  read  some  notes  in 
reference  to  an  ancient  shrine  discovered 
in  Lanarkshire,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Sim.  It 
is  a  portable  feretrum  to  contain  relics, 
composed  of  latten,  and  in  the  form  of 
the  sleeve  of  a  sacerdotal  vest.  The  front 
had  been  furnished  with  crystal,  through 
which  the  holy  objects  were  to  be  viewed. 
It  bore  resemblance  to  the  shrine  of  St. 
Olaf  preserved  in  the  Copenhagen  Mu- 
seum. The  Lanarkshire  specimen  was  found 
on  the  site  of  a  battle,  and  bad  probably 
been  carried  to  that  spot  to  invoke  success 
to  its  poaioBSors. 

Mr.  George  Wright,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a 
fine  specimen  (^silver  lace  (entirely  metal) 
which  had  formed  part  of  a  baptismal 
mantle  or  bearing  cloth,  and  from  1659 
had  been  in  the  possession  of  the  Veseys  of 
Hintlesbam  Priory,  Suffolk. 

Mr.  Elliott  exhibited  a  posey  ring  of  the 
time  of  Elizabeth,  found  in  Fulham  Fields. 
It  was  very  small,  of  gold,  and  had  on  the 
interior  No  Fbtitd  to  Fatth.  He  also 
produced  a  silver  etui  in  the  form  of  a 
fish,  very  elastic  and  with  eyes  of  garnets. 
Also  a  Chinese  chatelain  of  silver,  analo- 
gous to  toilet  instruments  found  in  Teu- 
tonic barrows.  It  was  composed  of  two 
tooth-picks,  an  ear-pick,  a  nail-pick,  a 
tongue -scraper,  and  a  pair  of  tongs  with 
curved  points. 

Mr.  Wills  exhibited  a  small  but  power- 
ful pair  of  iron  nut-crackers,  and  a  brass 
watch  seal  with  the  profile  of  Queen  Anne, 
found  in  the  Thames. 


Mr.  E.  Roberts  exhibited  a  coin  from 
the  Duchy  of  Celle  of  Hanover  found  at 
Boulogne,  and  of  the  date  of  1634. 

Mr.  Wentworth  sent  some  ancient  do- 
cuments for  exhibition,  among  which  were 
two  letters  from  the  Duke  of  Buckingham, 
from  Wallingford  House  and  London, 
dated  1668  and  1672,  and  an  Order  in 
Council  against  Papists  and  Sectaries, 
dated  Feb.  8,  1674-5,  signed  Robert 
Southwell. 

Dr.  Palmer  sent  a  Rector  of  Newbury's 
token— Joseph  Sayer,  1666—1674.  It  re- 
presents a  Bible  in  the  field. 

Mr.  Winkley  sent  a  Nuremberg  jetton 
found  at  Pinner,  Middlesex.  It  bore  the 
name  of  Hans  Krauwinkel,  and  had  a 
motto,  Qottes  Oaben  Sol  Man  Loh, — 
'  God's  fpft  shall  one  praise.' 

Mr.  Vere  Irving  exhibited  further  anti- 
quities from  Lanarkshire.  A  bronze  head 
of  a  veiy  small  javelin,  found  with  calcined 
bones  in  an  earthen  urn.  The  silver  pom- 
mel of  a  dagger,  decorated  with  a  sbield 
charged  with  a  lion  rampant.  It  is  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  A  cascabel  engraved 
with  eight  arches  and  the  initials  R.W. 
In  the  Scottish  Museum  there  are  speci- 
mens with  the  name  of  Wigan  on  them. 

Mr.  Syer  Cuming  read  some  notices  of 
remains  obtained  from  a  Roman  villa  at 
Box  in  Wiltshire,  and  exhibited  specimens 
that  had  been  thrown  out  to  mend  the 
highways ! 

Mr.  Pettigrew  presented  a  Phoenician  in- 
scription found  among  the  papers  of  the  late 
Mr.  Frere  at  Malta.  It  is  in  six  lines,  and 

»  Oemt.  Mao.,  May,  1859,  p.  447,  and  Sept., 
18d9,  p.  219. 


144. 


Antiqiuirian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


Mr.  P.  gave  as  its  interpretation, "  Thyro, 
the  Perfection  of  Beauty — Woman  of 
Women — ^the  Centre  of  Sodety,  as  the 
Heart  is  of  the  Body— All  Superior— Joy 
itself —the  Source  of  Pleasure  and  Delight, 
more  than  language  can  express." 

Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A.,  produced 
two  letters  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Egremont 
and  Dr.  Henry  Johnson,  of  Shropshire, 
detailing  some  recent  discoveries  at  Wrox- 
eter.  The  antiquities  consisted  of  hair- 
pins, some  of  which  are  elegantly  worked 
— a  portion  of  a  large  and  rough  fihula; 
the  head  of  a  hird ;  a  quantity  of  highly 
ornamented  Samian  ware;  a  heautifiil 
bowl  of  the  same,  with  inscriptions  and  the 
representation  of  a  stag  hunt ;  many  coins, 
among  which  there  was  one  of  Allectus ; 
some  specimens  of  mural  painting;  im- 
pression of  a  dog's  foot  on  a  tile,  another 
of  a  sandal,  &c.  There  has  also  been  found 
a  chamber  thirty-two  feet  in  length  of 
masonry,  a  pillar  with  well-formed  base, 
a  furnace  lined  with  vitrified  clay,  &c. 
These  will  be  particularized  in  the  account 
given  by  Mr.  Wright  in  the  several  num- 
bers of  the  Journal  of  the  Association. 

June  18.  Bebiah  Botfield,  Esq., 
M.P.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  President,  in  the 
chair. 

Mrs.  Freake  of  Cromwell-house,  South 
Kensington;  the  Rev.  James  Ridgway, 
M.A.,  of  Oakley -square ;  and  Hillary 
Davies,  Esq.,  of  Shrewsbury,  were  elected 
Associates. 

Dr.  Eendrick  exhibited  an  impression 
of  the  seal  of  Stephen  Payn,  Almoner  to 
King  Henry  V.,  which  is  still  used  as  the 
signet  of  Greatham  Hospital,  Durham. 
Mr.  Black  contributed  some  notes  respect- 
ing Payn,  who  held  his  appointment  from 
2<>  Henry  V.  (1414).  The  letters  patent 
granted  to  him  all  deodands  by  land  or 
water,  and  they  were  collected  either  by 
him  or  his  deputies,  hence  this  seal  was 
required.  Dr.  Kendrick  sent  by  way  of 
comparison  an  impression  of  the  seal  of 
the  present  Lord  High  Almoner. 

Mr.  Baigent  nBot  a  small  circular  fibula 

of  latten  dug  up  near  the  great  mitred 

Abbey  of  Hyde,  Winchester.    It  is  of  the 

middle  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  is 

4 


inscribed  ihc  -f  haza  -J-  EENVS  -f  BEX  -|- 
It  appears  to  have  been  originally  gilt. 

Mr.  George  Wright  exhibited  a  curious 
leaf  in  MS.  from  a  theatrical  manager's 
book  of  the  date  of  1638.  This  was  found 
in  the  Notitia  Dramatica  belonging  to 
Isaac  Reed.  The  plays  performed  as  per 
list  were  "The  Lost  Lady,"  by  Sir  W. 
Barclay;  " Damboyes,"  by  George  Chap- 
man; "Aglaura,"  by  Sir  John  Suckling; 
"The  Unfortunate  Lovers,"  by  Sir  William 
Davenant;  "Ould  Castel,"  (attributed  to 
Shakespeare);  "The  Fox,"  by  Ben  Jonson; 
"The  Passionate  Lover,"  by  Lodowick 
Carlell;  "The  Merry  Devill  of  Edmonton;** 
"CsBsar  and  Pompey,*'  by  Chapman;  "The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,"  by  Shakespeare; 
"The  Chances,"  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
&c.,  &c.  Mr.  Wrighfs  exhibition  was  ac- 
companied by  biographical  notices.  Mr. 
Curie  produced  a  singular  iron  horse-shoe, 
found  in  Hampshire,  having  a  bar  across, 
probably  for  protection  of  the  foot.  Mr. 
Forman  exhibited  a  memento  mori  medal 
of  gilt  silver.  The  obverse  presents  the 
image  of  an  Eastern  queen  with  a  legend, 
Qiks  sim  pott  terga  videbU;  and  the  re- 
verse, a  skeleton  resting  the  elbow  on  a 
tomb,  upon  which  is  an  hour-glass,  and 
the  legend  Sic  nunc  puloherrima  quondam. 

Mr.  Wentworth  sent  some  original  docu- 
ments for  inspection : — "A  Note  of  Moneys 
due  unto  the  Shippers  whose  Ships  were 
taken  up  for  transporting  Men  to  the 
Isle  of  Ree."  This  relates  to  the  expedi- 
tion of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  to  the 
Isle,  also  to  Rochelle.  "  A  Letter  frxnn  the 
Lord  Treasurer  Southampton,"  (1665); 
and  one  from  "  Lord  Huntingdon,  1580." 
Mr. Wentworth  also  sent  "A  Declaration 
of  the  State  of  all  Monies  received  towards 
the  Reparation  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  be- 
fore the  Great  Fire  of  London." 

Mr.  Allom  exhibited  a  beautiful  oil 
painting,  made  by  him  from  sketches  taken 
on  the  spot,  representing  the  castles  of 
Europe  and  Asia  on  the  Bosphorus.  He 
read  some  historical  notes  relating  to  these 
buildings  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

Mr.  Planch^  read  a  paper  on  the  Cap 
of  Estate  anciently  worn  by  the  Sovereigns 
of  England,  which,  with  illustrations,  will 
be  printed. 


I860.] 


Ecclesiological  Society, 


145 


The  President  in  adjourning  the  public 
meetings  over  to  November,  announced 
the  Congress  in  Shropshire  to  commence 
at  Shrewsbury  on  the  6th  of  August,  and 
stated  the  objects  intended  to  be  par- 
ticularly inspected,  the  papers  to  bo  read, 
and  the  invitations  that  had  been  received. 
It  was  also  announced  that  the  Council  of 
the  Association  proposed  to  print,  in  ad- 
dition to  their  quarterly  Journal,  an  oc- 


casional volume  of  Collectanea  ArchaO' 
logica,  consisting  of  the  more  lengthened 
papers  and  those  requiring  extensive  illus- 
tratious  laid  before  the  Society,  a  measure 
which,  from  the  number  already  on  hand 
and  constantly  accumulating,  has  been 
rendered  absolutely  necessary.  Associates 
desiring  to  possess  these  volumes  are  to 
deliver  their  names  in  to  the  Treasurer. 


ECCLESIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


June  11.  At  a  Committee  Meeting  held 
at  Arklow-house, — preseut,  the  President, 
Mr.  BsBSS70BD-HoPE,  in  the  chair,  Mr. 
Gosling,  Bev.  S.  S.  Greatheed,  Kev.  H. 
L.  Jenner,  Mr.  Gambler  Parry,  Rev.  W. 
Scott,  Archdeacon  Thorp,  Mr.  Warburton, 
and  the  Rev.  B.  Webb, — the  following 
gentlemen  were  elected  members: — Ed- 
ward Akroyd,  Esq.,  of  Bank  Field,  Hali- 
fax; the  Rev.  J.  M.  Brackenbury,  of 
Wimbledon,  Surrey ;  J.  R.  Clayton,  Esq., 
of  Cardington- street,  Hampstead-road ; 
the  Rev.  H.  Douglas,  of  Victoria  Docks ; 
and  the  Rev.  John  Jebb,  D.D.,  of  Peter- 
stow  Vicarage,  Herefordshire.  Edward 
Akroyd,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jebb, 
were  added  to  the  Committee. 

The  Annual  Reports  of  the  Society  and 
of  the  Sub-committee  for  Music  were  read 
and  accepted. 

Mr.  Truefitt  met  the  Committee,  and 
laid  before  it  his  designs  for  several  houses 
in  the  Pointed  style  which  have  been  built 
in  the  north  of  London. 

Mr.  Slater  exhibited  a  design  for  a  large 
mosuc  pavement  to  be  executed  in  the 
opus  yllexandrinum  method  for  the  sanc- 
tuary of  Chichester  Cathedral.  He  also 
displayed  the  designs  for  a  new  quad- 
rangle to  be  built  at  Sherborne  for  the 
use  of  the  grammar-school,  and  the  de- 
signs for  the  restoration  of  Rustington 
Church,  Sussex,  and  of  Bringtou  Church, 
Hunts. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Hopkins  of  Worcester  brought 
under  notice  the  meditated  destruction 
of  the  Gueflten-hall,  at  Worcester,  of  which 
he  exhibited  drawings  from  the  work  on 
Domestic  Architecture  by  Messrs.  Dollman 
and  Jobbins,  now  in  course  of  publication. 

Gbkt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


The  President  undertook  to  notice  the 
matter  at  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the 
Society,  and  the  Secretary  was  desired  to 
write  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  and 
the  ArchaK)logical  Institute  to  invite  their 
co-operation  in  an  effort  to  save  the  build- 
ing. Mr.  Hopkins  also  exhibited  his  de- 
signs for  the  restoration  of  the  long  dese- 
crated church  of  Cow  Honeyboume,  Wor- 
cestershire, and  for  the  restoration  of  the 
church  of  White  Ladies,  Aston ;  and  a  large 
number  of  other  sketches. 

Mr.  Withers  exhibited  his  designs  for 
the  restoration  of  Monnington  Church, 
Pembrokeshire,  and  St.  Dogfael,  Meline, 
in  the  same  county.  He  also  brought  an 
embroidered  green  frontal,  which  had  been 
presented  to  his  new  church  at  Little 
Cawthorpe,  Lincolnshire,  by  Miss  Blen- 
cowe  and  her  colleagues  of  the  Ladiea' 
Ecclesiastical  Embroidery  Society. 

Mr.  Pritchard  laid  befbre  the  Com- 
mittee the  drawings,  by  Mr.  Seddon  and 
himself,  for  the  restoration  of  Bonvilstone 
Church,  Glamorganshire ;  for  a  new  Pro- 
bate Registry  at  Llandaff;  for  the  new 
church  of  St.  John,  Maindee,  Newport, 
Monmouthshire;  for  the  new  church  of 
St.  Andrew,  Cardiff;  for  a  sculptured  rere- 
doe  (to  be  executed  by  Mr.  Armsted),  for 
a  church  near  London,  and  for  some  villas 
at  Croydon  and  Tunbridge  Wells. 

Mr.  Lee  exhibited  the  drawings  of  his 
works  at  Meopham  Court,  Kent. 

Mr.  Skidmore  exhibited,  besides  some 
beautiful  photographs  of  his  works  in  the 
new  Oxford  Museum,  the  designs  for  his 
metal  screens  in  the  church  of  All  Souls', 
Halifax,  and  also  the  designs  fur  an  iron 
church  at  Hawksbury,  near  Coventry,  and 

T 


146 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Au 


S- 


for  a  dock -tower  at  Canterbury,  New 
Zealand. 

The  Committee  examined  a  photograph 
of  an  oak  credence-table,  designed  by 
Mr.  Charles  Tamer ;  and  also  the  designs 
by  Mr.  S.  S.  Teulon  for  the  new  church 
of  St.  Jatnes,  Pentonville,  for  the  addition 
of  a  chancel  to  Christ  |  Church,  North 
Croydon,  and  for  the  restoration  of  South 
Carlton  Church,  Lincolnshire.  They  fur- 
ther inspected  Mr.  Buckeridge's  designs 
for  the  restoration  of  All  Saints',  Mears 
Ashby,  Northamptonshire,  and  for  a  new 
parsonage-house  for  the  same  place. 

Mr.  £.  B.  Bobson  presented  to  the 
Society  three  most  interesting  photo- 
g^phs,  representing  portions  of  Durham 
cathedral  which  no  longer  exist,  taken 
fVom  water-colour  drawings  by  Carter, 
made  in' 1795.  The  following  extrast  is 
from  Mr.  Bobson's  letter : — 

"No.  1  shews  the  galilee,  in  which 
nothing  has  been  disturbed,  except  the 
fifteenth- century  altar,  replaced  by  enor- 
mous oak  doors  and  cast-iron  hinges. 

"No.  2  represents  that  end  of  the 
chapter-house  which,  four  years  afler  the 
execution  of  Mr.  Carter's  drawing,  was 
entirely  swept  away. 

"  No.  8  gives  the  opposite  end  of  the 
chapter- house,  which  is  not  'destroyed,' 
(as  Mr.  Carter  mentions,)  but  only  defaced. 
No  vestige  of  the  groining,  or  of  the  small 
side  door,  remains.  Tbe  floor  is  of  wood, 
about  the  same  distance  above  the  cloister 
pavement  which  it  formerly  measured  in 
the  opposite  direction.  ^  The  two-light 
windows  have  the  window- order  walled 
up. 

"The  originals  belonged  to  the  late 
venerable  antiquary,  Dr.  Baine,  whose 
son  has  allowed  the  photographs  to  be 
taken  for  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Dur- 
ham. 

"Thanks  to  the  faithful  work  of  Carter, 
the  chapter-house  oa»  be  restored  to  its 
pristine  glory,  but,  as  Dr.  Baine  forcibly 
asks,  '  Who  can  restore  its  pavement, 
studded  with  the  gravestones  of  the  first 
three  centuries  a(Ut  the  Conquest  ?' ", 

In  the  evening  the  Annual  Meeting 
was  held  in  the  central  gallery  of  the 
Architectural  Exhibition,  Conduit-street, 
Begent-street,  when  there  was  a  very 
numerous  attendance;  Mr.  A.  J.  B.  Be- 
resford-Hope,  the  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  Chairman,  in  opening  the  businesi 


of  the  meeting,  said  the  Society  had  come 
of  age,  that  day  being  its  twenty-first 
anniversary.    As  to  what  had  been  the 
success  of  their  movement,  he  thought 
they  might  only  appeal  to  what  had  been 
done  in  every  town,  if  not  every  parish,  in 
England.    Did  not  churches  built  every- 
where more  or  less  embody  those  princi- 
ples which  were  thought  to  be  enthusiastic 
and  fanatic  when  the  Society  was  first 
founded  in  1849  ?    They  saw  their  cathe- 
drals   and    churches    restored,   and  new 
churches  rising,  not  only  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  but  in  the  colonies  and  every- 
where, in  a  style  for  art  of  a  quality  and 
quantity  unknown  then;   and  they  saw 
sculpture   applied    to    architecture,   em- 
bodied in  an  unfading  and  imperishable 
frame.    They  also  saw  painting  applied  to 
architecture,  and  thus  the  sister  arts  were 
now  combined  with  a  unity  of  system  and 
um  hitherto  unknown.     They  saw  the 
vandalism  that  destroyed  old  buildings  in 
former  times  now  dying  away,  but  he  re- 
gretted to  find  that  the  Guesten  Hall, 
Worcester,  was  doomed  to  destruction  for 
the  most  foolish  of  reasons.    A  case  like 
that  called  for  a  cry  of  reprobation  all 
over  the  country. 

The  Bev.  B.  Webb  then  read  the  Be- 
port,  of  which  the  following  are  the  chief 
points : — 

"  The  principal  new  church  of  the  year  is 
undoubtedly  Mr.  Scott's  noble  building  of 
All  Souls',  Haley  Hill,  Hali&x,  which  was 
consecrated  last  November.  This  fine 
work  has  been  noticed  at  large  in  the 
'  Ecclesiologist,'  and  it  was  pointed  out 
how  important  an  example  it  is  of  the  in- 
troduction of  sculpture  into  church  deco- 
ration. The  same  architect's  chapel  for 
Exeter  College,  Oxford,  has  also  been  con- 
secrated. Mr.  Butter  field's  church  of 
St.  John  Evangelist,  Hammersmith,  has 
been  finished;  his  St.  Alban's,  Baldwin 
Gardens,  is  in  progress.  Mr.  Street's 
church  of  St.  James-the-Less,  Garden- 
street,  Westminster,  is  rising;  and  another, 
by  the  same  architect,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Giles,  Oxford,  has  been  begun.  The  Com- 
mittee observe  with  satisfaction  that  in 
the  chancels  of  these  two  churches,  and  in 
Exeter  College  chapel,  vaulting  has  been 
adopted.  Mr.  B.  Brandon's  church  in 
Great  Windmill-street  will  be  commenced 
in  the  course  of  the  summer.  Mr.  Slater's 
cathedral  at  Kilmore  is  almost  ready  for 


<ft 


I860.] 


Ecclesioloffical  Society. 


147 


consecration ;  and  he  is  about  to  build  a 
mortuary  chapel  of  unusual  scale  and  dig- 
nity at  Sherborne,  as  well  as  a  satisfactory 
church  at  Bray,  near  Dublin.  Another 
work  of  peculiar  interest  is  the  transmu- 
tation, by  Mr.  Butterfield,  of  the  parish 
church  of  St.  Columb,  Cornwall,  in  hope 
of  its  becoming  the  catl>edral  of  the  future 
diocese  of  Cornwall.  The  plans  include 
the  addition  of  a  clerestory  to  the  nave, 
and  the  substitution  of  a  more  dignified 
choir  for  the  existing  chancel.  Mr.  Burges' 
Memorial  Church  at  Constantinople  is  at 
last  really  in  hand. 

"We  are  able  to  mention  this, year, 
with  great  approbation,  several  colonial 
churches.  Foremost  of  these  is  a  very 
original  design  by  Mr.  Burges  for  a  cathe- 
drtd  at  Brisbane,  Australia.  Mr.  Slater 
has  completed  the  very  successful  church 
of  St.  George,  Basseterre,  St.  Kitts ;  and 
Mr.  Bodley  has  designed  a  peculiarly  good 
parish  church  for  the  diocese  of  Qrahams- 
town.  Montreal  Cathedral  was  opened 
for  service  on  Advent  Sunday,  and  the 
cathedral  for  Sydney  is  approaching  com- 
pletion. The  high  roof  recently  added 
to  Calcutta  Cathedral  is  an  improvement 
to  that  unsatisfactory  stnicture. 

"  Of  foreign  churches  we  may  mention 
St.  Lawrence,  Alkmaar,  by  M.  Cuypers; 
the  votive  church  at  Aix-la-Chapelle,  and 
the  cathedral  at  Linz  by  M.  Statz;  and 
the  Lutheran  churches  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew, Berlin,  and  St.  Anscharius,  Ham- 
burg. A  volume  of  designs  for  churches, 
built  or  projected  by  Hcrr  Statz,  testifies 
to  great  ecclesiological  activity  in  Germany. 
Mr.  Scotf  8  church  at  Hamburg  is  nearly 
completed. 

"  The  new  Park  Church  at  Glasgow,  by 
Mr.  Kochead,  may  be  referred  to  as  a  con- 
spicuous example  of  the  now  common  use 
of  the  Pointed  style  among  the  Presby- 
terians of  Scotland. 

"  The  work  of  church  restoration  pro- 
ceeds with  unabated  vigour.  Lichfield  and 
Hereford  and  Peterborough  Cathedrals 
under  Mr.  Scott,  Chichester  Cathedral  un- 
der Mr.  Slater,  and  Worcester  Cathedral, 
are  advancing.  The  restoration  of  the 
octagon  at  Ely,  as  a  memorial  to  the  late 
Dean,  is  soon  to  be  commenced.  Mean- 
while, a  friendly  controversy  has  taken 
place  as  to  the  proper  external  capping  of 
the  lantern.  The  restoration  of  the  tower 
of  Durham  Cathedral  and  the  projected 
works  at  Bristol  Cathedral  must  be  no- 
ticed. That  any  work  in  this  cathedral 
has  been  commenced  is,  we  trust,  an  omen 
that  the  citizens  of  Bristol  will  ere  long 
take  in  hand  the  addition  of  a  nave  to  that 
fragment  of  a  church  which  they  now  pos- 


sess. At  St.  Paul's  we  have  to  chronicle 
with  approbation  the  alteration  of  the 
choir  and  the  renovation  of  the  decorations 
of  the  dome,  soon,  we  trust,  to  be  followed 
by  more  extensive  works,  both  ornamental 
and  ritual,  in  harmony  with  Wren's  ori- 
ginal conception,  but  guided  by  a  more 
correct  ecclesiological  taste. 

"  We  hear  with  extreme  satisfaction 
that  Mr.  Guinness,  a  munificent  citizen 
of  Dublin,  intends  to  restore  the  ill-used 
cathedral  of  St.  Patrick.  Mr.  Slater  has 
nearly  finished  the  works  in  Limerick 
Cathedral. 

"  It  is  a  new  thing  to  hear  of  the  re- 
storation of  the  ruined  English  abbeys. 
But  we  are  informed  that  Brinkburn  Priory 
is  about  to  be  restored  for  divine  worship 
by  Mr.  Wilson,  and  there  are  rumours  that 
Netley  Abbey  will  also  be  restored  for 
worship.  Meanwhile  excavations  and  re- 
pairi  there  are  in  progress.  At  last,  also, 
the  desecrated  church  in  Dover  Castle  is 
to  be  properly  restored  by  Mr.  Scott,  as  a 
military  chapeL 

"  Mr.  Burges  has  completed  a  very  ju- 
dicious restoration  in  Waltham  Abbey 
Church ;  and  we  hear  that  some  improve- 
ments are  contemplated  at  Bridlington. 
At  Cambridge,  the  interior  of  the  Uni- 
versity Church  is  at  last  to  be  re-arranged; 
and  in  the  chapel  of  Queens*  College  Mr. 
Bodlev  has  placed  new  stalls  and  a  rere* 
dos  of  a  very  original  design. 

"  Abroad,  the  restoration  of  Throndlijem 
Cathedral  is  contemplated  by  the  Nor- 
wegian government. 

"  Among  the  secular  Pointed  works  the 
prog^ress  of  the  Oxford  Museum  is  the 
most  important  fact  of  the  year,  seeing 
that  the  matter^of  the  Foreign  Office  is 
still  undecided.  The  selection  of  a  Gothic 
design  for  the  Assize  Courts  at  Manchester 
and  for  the  House  of  Parliament  at  Ottawa 
are  facts  not  to  be  forgotten  as  marking 
the  improvement  of  public  taste.  On  the 
other  hand,  Mr.  Scott*s  beautiful  Pointed 
design  for  a  To^vn•hall  at  Halifax  has  been 
superseded  by  one  of  a  nondescript  style 
by  the  lamented  Sir  C.  Barry,  which  was 
little  worthy  of  the  genius  of  that  eminent 
architect ;  and  for  the  Cambridge  Town- 
hall  a  non-Pointed  design  has  been  chosen. 

"  In  the  matter  of  colour  we  have  to 
chronicle  that  of  eight  competitors  for  the 
ecclesiological  colour  prize  in  connection 
with  the  Architectural  Museum.  The 
first  premium  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Simkin, 
and  the  second  (given  by  the  President) 
to  Mr.  Harrison,  the  first  prizeman  of  last 
year.  For  1860  the  Committee  have 
chosen  a  fraocment  of  the  arch  of  the  Porte 
Rouge  of  Notre  D&me,  Paris,  containing 


i» 


148 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


two  figures,  for  the  sabject  of  the  prize. 
Two  members  of  our  Committee  have 
laboured  hard  in  this  department  of  art 
dnrin^  the  year — Mr.  Le  Strange  in  the 
magnificent  scheme  of  painting  the  ro9f 
of  the  nave  of  Ely,  and  Mr.  Gkmbier  Parry 
in  designing  a  dome  for  the  space  over  the 
chancel-arch  of  the  church  at  Hisrhnam. 
Mr.  Poynter's  painted  ceiling  at  Waltham 
Abbey  must  likewise  be  particularly  men- 
tioned. 

"  The  continued  success  of  the  Ladies' 
Ecclesiastical  Embroidery  Society  must  be 
mentioned.  More  workers,  however,  are 
■till  wanted,  and  pecuniary  aid  is  desired 
towards  the  cost  of  frontals  for  Colombo 
and  Fredericton  cathedrals. 

"  In  recording  tWs  chronicle  of  eccle- 
siological  progress  under  its  several  aspects, 
alike  of  design,  construction,  and  orna- 
ment, and  where  there  is  so  much  subject 
for  congratulation,  the  Committee  cannot 
but  regret  that,  while  so  much  of  taste  and 
expense  have  been  cheerfully  contributed 
both  by  founders  and  artists,  the  archi- 
tectural movement,  now  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  old,  has  not  yet  pro- 
duced a  new  church  completely  groined 
throughout ;  for  without  groining  it  can- 
not be  said  that  a  Pointed  church  possesses 
even  the  elements  of  completeness." 

The  following  gentlemen  were  appointed 
the  Council  of  the  Society  for  the  ensuing 


year : — F.  H.  Dickinson,  Esq.,  Rev.  S.  S. 
Ch*eatheed,  Rev.  T.  Helmore,  Rev.  H.  L. 
Jenner,  Rev.  W.  Scott,  and  Rev.  B.  Webb. 

The  following  gentleloen  were  elected 
auditors  for  the  year : — ^The  Rev.  Sir  H/ 
W.  Baker,  Bart.,  and  Robert  Smith,  Esq. 

A  discussion  took  place  on  the  subject 
of  seating  churches  with  chairs,  and  it  was 
resolved  to  memorialize  the  Church  Build- 
ing Commissioners  on  the  subject.  The 
President  undertook  to  draw  up  the  me- 
morial, which,  with  the  reply  of  the  Se- 
cretary-of  the  Commissioners,  we  print  in 
another  page. 

Instead  of,  as  formerly,  reading  a  paper, 
a  discussion  was  announced  on  "  The  Ten- 
dencies of  pre-Raffaelitism,  and  its  Con- 
nection with  the  Gothic  Movement,"  which 
was  ably  maintained,  especially  by  Messrs. 
Beresford-Hope  and  Burges  on  the  one 
side,  and  by  Messrs.  Street  and  Seddon  on 
the  other.  After  the  examination  of  some 
church  plate  and  decorations,  the  meeting 
broke  up ;  but  a  committee  meeting  was 
subsequently  held,  when,  among  other 
business,  Sjrdney  G.  R.  Strong,  Esq.,  of 
108,  Westboume-terrace,  was  elected  an 
or(]Unary  member. 


NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. 


Jfay  24.  W.  S.  W.  Vafx,  Esq.,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Akerman  exhibited  a  cast  of  a  gold 
coin  lately  found  at  Therficld,  near  Roys- 
ton,  Herts.  It  is  of  Louis  le  Debonnaire, 
the  successor  of  Charlemagne,  or  possibly 
only  a  barbarous  imitation  of  his  coins. 
The  type  of  the  reverse  is  a  cross  within 
a  wreath,  with  the  legend  mvkvs  Dm- 
KTM,  and  on  the  obverse  are  the  head 
and  name  of  Louis,  but  the  legends  on 
both  sides  of  the  coin  are  so  barbarously 
executed  as  to  be  with  difficulty  deci- 
pherable. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith  exhibited,  by  permis- 
sion of  Mr.  Edward  Pretty,  a  penny  of 
Baldred,  King  of  Kent,  and  of  a  type  of 
great  rarity,  but  one  other  specimen  being 
known. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith  also  exhibited  a  cast 
of  the  third-brass  coin  of  Caransius,  with 
the  bust  of  the  goddess  Fortune,  and  the 


legend  fobtyka  atg,  in  the  cabinet  of 
the  hite  W.  H.  Rolfe,  Esq.,  of  Sandwich. 
This  coin  is  remarkable  as  having  given 
rise  to  the  celebrated  error  of  Stukeley, 
who,  misreading  the  legend,  created  an 
empress  of  the  name  of  obitki,  and  gave 
her  in  marriage  to  Carausius. 

Dr.  Bialloblosky  exhibited  some  thin 
square  brass  pieces  with  Hebrew  legends 
stamped  upon  them,  signifying  "  The  visi- 
tation of  the  sick."  These  he  oonndered 
to  be  of  the  nature  of  tokens,  and  given 
to  the  sick  in  Heu  of  money,  where  the 
customs  of  the  Jews  required  an  alms  to 
be  given,  even  though  pecuniary  help  was 
not  needed. 

Mr.  GK)ddard  Johnson  communicated 
some  remarks  on  the  coins  of  the  Con- 
queror, with  the  word  pazs  upon  them, 
which  he  conudered  to  refer  to  a  peace 
with  Scotland ;  and  also  transmitted  some 
extracts  from  the  corporation  accounts  of 


I860.]      Kilkenny  and  South-East  of  Ireland  ArchaoL  Soc.      149 


Norwich  between  the  years  1541  and  1549, 
relating  to  the  currency  of  that  period. 

Mr.  Sims  communicated  an  account  of 
a  discovery  of  coins  in  the  parish  of  Cum- 
mertrees,  in  the  county  of  Dumfries. 
They  were  195  in  number,  and  consisted 
of  pennies  of  the  following  monarchs : — 

Edward  I.  and  II.  of  England  ...^  187 

Alexander  III.  of  Scotland 8 

John  Balliol 1 

Foreign  sterlings  of  John  of  Hain- 

ault  and  Robert  III.  of  Flanders  4 


195 


Mr.  Evans  exhibited  casts  of  a  remark- 
ably fine  and  rare  silver  coin  of  Carausius, 
in  the  possession  of  the  Earl  of  Verulam, 
and  lately  found  upon  the  site  of  the 
ancient  city  of  Verulam.  The  legend  of 
the  reverse  is  conseb.  ayg.,  (Conserva- 
tor Augusti,)  with  the  device  of  Neptune 
seated,  holcUng  in  his  right  hand  au 
anchor,  and  in  his  left  a  trident.  In  re- 
marking upon  the  coin,  Mr.  Evans  ob- 
served that  there  was  something  singu- 
larly appropriate  in  representing  Neptune 
as  the  Conservator  Augusti  on  the  coins 
of  one  who  owed  first  his  elevation  to  the 
rank  of  high  admiral  of  the  Roman  fieet, 
and  next  his  successful  usurpation  of  the 
imperial  power  in  Britain,  entirely  to  his 


naval  skill.  The  exergual  letters  rsb  on 
the  coin,  possibly  point  out  Rutupium  or 
Riohborough  as  the  place  of  the  mintage 
of  this  piece,  which  is  altogether  an  ele- 
gant and  pleasing  specimen  of  the  me- 
dallic  art  of  the  period. 

Oeneral  Meeting,  June  21.  W.  S.  W. 
Vaux,  Esq.,  President,  in  the  chair. 

The  following  officers  and  council  were 
elected  for  the  ensuing  year : — 

FrenderU—W.  S.  W.  Vaux,  Esq.,  M.A., 
F.S.A.,  F.R.A.S. 

Vtce-Presidewts — Edw.  Hawkins,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  F.L.S.;  John  Lee,  Esq.,  LL.D., 
F.R.o. 

IVeasurer — George  H.  Virtue,  Esq., 
F.^.A. 

Secretaries — John  Evans,  Esq.,  F.S.A. ; 
Fred.  W.  Madden,  Esq. 

J^eign  Secretary — John  Yonge  Aker- 
man,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Librarian — John  Williams,  E^q ,  F.S.A. 

Members  of  the  Council — J.  B.  Bergne, 
Esq.,  F.S.A.;  W.  Boyne,  Esq.,  F.S.A.; 
Colonel  Tobin  Bush  ;  F.  W.  Fairholt, 
Esq.,  F.S.A.;  W.  Freudenthal,  Esq.;  Capt. 
Murchison;  J.  Q.  Pfister,  Esq.;  J.  W. 
De  SaUs,  Esq. ;  C.  Roach  Smith,  Esq., 
F.S.A.;  Hon.  J.  Leicester  Warren;  R. 
Whitboum,  Esq..  F.S.A. ;  Edward  Wigan, 
Esq.  r 


KILKENNY  AND  SOUTH-EAST  OF  ICELAND  ARCH^- 

OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


May  9.  At  the  adjourned  May  meet- 
ing, in  the  Society's  apartments,  William- 
street,  the  Rev.  Chablbs  A.  Vigkolbs 
in  the  chair,  the  following  new  members 
were  elected: — Arthur  Nugent,  Esq., 
Cranna,  Portumna;  Beiyamin  W.  Taylor, 
Esq.,  Parsonstown ;  D.  C.  O'Connor,  Esq., 
M.D.,  Camden-place,  Cork ;  George  Wy- 
cherly,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Charlotte  Quay,  Cork ; 
Denis  O'Connell,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Flintfield, 
CO.  Cork ;  John  0*Connell,  Esq.,  Altamont, 
CO.  Cork ;  Thomas  Lane,  Esq.,  Cork ;  and 
Mr.  John  O'Reilly,  jun.,  Kilkenny. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Spratt,  Dublin,  presented 
to  the  museum  the  original  brass  matrix 
of  the  seal  of  the  Very  Rev.  James  Ver- 
schoyle,  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin.    It 


bore  the  Verschoyle  arms  of  a  chevron 
between  three  boars*  heads,  impaling  the 
arms  of  the  Deanery ;  and  the  inscription, 
— Jac.  Vbbschoylb,  LL.D.,  Deo.  ec.  oa. 
8.  Pat.  Dub.  ncs.  mai.  3,  1794 — James 
Verschoyle,  LL.D.,  Dean  of  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  St.  Patrick,  Dublin ;  installed 
May  3,  1794.  This  dignitary  was  aftei^* 
wards  Bishop  of  Killala. 

Maurice  Lenehan,  Esq.,  Liiherick,  ptif-.' 
sented  a  fragment  of  a  cannon  ball,  ap- 
parently a  24-pounder,  dug  up  under  the 
curtain  of  the  Black  Battery  of  Limerick, 
a  relic  of  one  of  the  sieges  of  that  historic 
city.  Mr.  Lenehan  also  sent  for  exhibi- 
tion four  coins,  one  of  them  a  brass  of  the 
Emperor  Galba,  turned  up  by  a  peasant 


•  t 


150 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


whilst  tilling  his  land  in  the  county  of 
Limerick,  which  Mr.  Lenehan  said  opened 
a  question  as  to  how  it  had  got  into  a 
country  where  historians  assert  no  soldier 
of  the  Roman  Empire  had  ever  set  his 
foot.  The  three  other  coins  were  Lime- 
rick tokens. 

The  Rev.  James  Mease  laid  hefore  the 
meeting  two  memorials  of  the  Irish  Re- 
bellion of  1798.  The  first  was  a  gold 
ring,  which  he  wished  to  deposit  in  the 
museum,  although  it  is  not  of  much  anti- 
quarian value.  Its  history  was  this : — ^A 
gentleman  who  had  received  some  assist- 
ance during  that  troubled  period,  made  a 
present  of  rings  of  the  same  kind  to  those 
from  whom  he  considered  he  had  received 
most  support.  The  inscription  on  the 
ring  was  "King  and  Constitution, 
1798."  The  other  memorial  was  the 
oommtsnon  of  Theobald  Wolf  Tone  as  a 
Qeneral  of  Division  in  the  United  Irish- 
men. It  is  signed  by  James  Napper 
Tandy,  and  countersigned  "  E.  Fitzgerald." 
The  letters  are  mostly  copperplate;  the 
blanks  being  filled  up  in  the  writing  of 
Tandy.  It  is  numbered  70,000.  There 
is  an  engraving  of  a  harp  surrounded  by 
oak-leaves,  and  the  words,  "  It  is  now 
strung  and  shall  be  heard ;"  "  Society  of 
United  Irishmen  of  Dublin."  The  history 
of  the  document  as  far  as  was  known  was 
this.  It  was  found  by  the  Rev.  James 
Despard  in  the  pocket-book  of  a  deceased 
brother ;  but  it  is  not  known  how  it  came 
into  the  brother's  hands.  The  family  had 
a  good  deal  of  communication  with  the 
Castle  of  Dublin  during  the  time  of  the 
Rebellion,  but  it  is  very  unlikely  that  this 
parchment  had  ever  been  in  the  possession 
of  any  of  the  Castle  authorities,  as  in  that 
case  it  would  not  be  likely  to  have  been 
parted  with.  It  is  more  probable  that 
■ome  of  the  Despard  family  found  it  with 
some  political  prisoner  and  concealed  it, 
from  motives  of  humanity,  as  the  posses- 
sion of  such  a  document  in  those  days 
would  have  ensured  his  execution.  There 
is  no  date,  but  Mr.  Mease  had  a  faint  re- 
collection that  when  ho  first  saw  it  there 
was  1795  upon  it  or  the  envelope.  Of 
this  he  was  not  quite  certain. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  curious 


parchment  document  presented  by  Mr. 
Mease : — 

"SOOIfiTT  OF  UNITED  ISISHHEN  OF 
DUBLIN. 

"  I  hereby  Certify  that  Theobald  Wolf 
Tone  has  been  duly  elected,  and  having 
taken  the  Test  provided  in  the  Constitu- 
tion has  been  admitted  a  Member  of  this 
Society. 

"James  N.  Tandy,  Secretary. 
"No.  70,000. 

To  be  General  of  Division, 
JS,  Fitzgerald. 


tt 


« 


» 


The  document  had  evidently  been  ori- 
ginally bound  with  other  similar  forms  in 
a  block-book,  and  the  check-mark  bore 
the  initial  letters— S.  of  U.  I.  of  D.  • 

The  Rev.  Samuel  Hayman,  of  Yonghal, 
sent  for  exhibition  two  inedited  merchants' 
'*  tokens"  struck  in  that  town,  viz.,  "  Ro- 
bert Tobens,  Youghal  and  Dungarven, 
1656,"  and  "  Thomas  Cooke,  167 1 ."  The 
latter  had  been  re-stamped  with  the  word 
"farthing"  over  "penni."  Mr.  Hayman 
also  announced  that  there  existed  another 
inedited  Youghal  token  in  the  collection 
of  Captain  Edward  Hoare,  North  Cork 
Rifies,  viz., — a  second  token  of  Peter  Gk)d- 
win — an  eng^ving  of  which  Capt.  Hoare 
intended  to  present  to  the  Journal  of  the 
Society. 

The  papers  submitted  to  the  meeting 
were  the  following : — 

"  On  a  branch  of  the  De  Burgos  (named 
Qall  Burgach  by  the  Irish)  of  Gallstown, 
County  Kilkenny,  ennobled  in  Austria," 
by  John  O' Donovan,  Esq.,  LL.D.  The 
paper  set  out  the  original  Austrian  patent 
of  nobility  and  gprant  of  arms  from  the 
Emperor  to  William  Gall  de  Burgo,  thus 
created  Count  Qall  Von  Bourgkh  of  the 
German  Empire,  in  1655;  that  nobleman 
having  been  the  son  of  Walter  Gall  De 
Burgo,  of  Gallstown,  M.P.  for  the  county 
of  Kilkenny,  a.d.  1560,  and  who  was  a 
descendant  of  the  Red  Earl  of  Ulster. 

"Genealogical  Notes  on  the  O'Shee 
Family,"  by  Mr.  John  CRdlly,  jun.,  being 
a  copy  of  the  record  of  births,  deaths,  and 
marriages  in  her  fkmily  kept  by  the  wife 

*  It  has  since  been  rendered  almoat  certain 
that  this  doeoment  is  a  fabrlcation.->£i>. 


I860.]     Leicestershire  Architectural  and  Arch(Bological  Soc.      151 


of  a  Mr.  William  Shce,  of  Sheepstown, 
county  of  Kilkenny,  in  the  beginning  of 
the  last  century.  Mr.  O'Reilly's  notes  in 
illustration  of  the  documents  were  of  much 
local  interest,  as  tending  to  trace  the  con- 
nexion between  some  distinguished  fami- 
lies in  France  and  the  Shees  of  Sheeps- 
town,  by  descent  from  scions  of  the 
family  who  it  appeared  by  this  record  left 


Ireland  to  join  the  Irish  Brigade  in 
France. 

"  On  Cranoges,  or  ancient  Irish  Defen- 
sive Habitations  on  Stockaded  Islands  in 
Lakes,"  by  £dward  Benn,  Esq. 

"On  the  Plantation  of  Idrone,"  by  J. 
P.  Prendergast,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-law. 

The  Society  adjourned  to  the  first  Wed- 
nesday in  July. 


LEICESTERSHIRE  ARCHITECTTJRAX  AND  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY. 


April  80.    At  the  April  meeting,  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  MooBE  in  the  chair,  among 
other  matters,  Mr.  Qresley  exhibited  two 
compartments,  each  about   17   inches  in 
diameter,  of  a  medallion  window  of  the 
end  of  the  thirteenth  century,  obtained 
last  summer  by  Sir  Thomas  Gresley  at 
Nuremberg.    One  of  them  represents  the 
Resurrection  of  our  Lord.     He  has  put 
aside  the  lid  of  the  tomb,  which  is  ruby 
with  three  trefoil  ornaments  in  blue,  and 
is  stepping  out  of  it,  with  His  right  hand 
uplifted  in  benediction,  and  His  left  hold- 
ing a  cross,  from  which  hangs  a  singular 
pennon,  the  lower  half  of  which  is  di- 
vided, as  usual,  into  three  streamers,  sup- 
posed to  be  emblematic  of  the  Holy  Tri- 
nity.   Around  His  head  is  a  nimbus.    His 
dress  is  of  ruby,  green,  and  yellow.    The 
two  soldiers  wear  hauberks  of  ring,  or 
banded,  mail,  covering  the  body,  arms, 
and  hands.    Coifs  or  hoods  of  mail  cover 
their  heads.    At  the  back  of  the  head  and 
below  the  chin  may  be  seen  a  loose  por- 
tion of  the  hauberk,  which  could  be  drawn 
up  over  the  lower  part  of  the  fiEice,  and 
fixed  by  a  strap  which  encircled  the  fore- 
head.    Silken  surooats,  ruby  and  yellow, 
without  sleeves,  are  worn  over  the  hau* 
berk.     Such  was  the  armour  worn  in  Eng- 
land daring  the  reign  of  King  Henry  III. 
The  other  medallion  appears  to  represent 
the    treacherous  murder   of   Amasa    by 
Joab,  as  recorded  2  Sam.  xx.  8 — 10.    The 
figures  are  not  in  armour.    Joab's  head  is 
uncovered.      His  dress  is  of  blue,  with 
an  ornamented  yellow  border  round  the 
neck;   and  in  his  right  hand  he  holds  a 
short  strong  da^er.      His  left  arm  ap- 
pears to  be  laid  upon  Amasa's  shoulders. 


Amasa  wears  a  yellow  cap,  turned  up  with 
fur.  The  sleeves  of  his  under  vest  are  of 
ruby,  over  which  he  wears  a  long  loose 
yellow  cloak,  with  a  kind  of  cape.  The 
leg^  of  both  figures  have  hosen,  those  of 
Joab  being  white,  and  Amasa's  green. 
The  ruby  which  forms  the  ground  of  this 
medallion  is  remarkably  rich.  These  me- 
dallions exhibit  a  considerable  advance  in 
the  art  of  painting  on  glass  beyond  those 
of  the  early  part  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
The  proportions  of  the  figures  are  better 
preserved,  and  the  draperies  are  treated  in 
a  broader,  more  easy,  and  natural  style. 
An  easy  and  graceful  attitude  is  given  to 
standing  figures,  by  slightly  swaying  the 
body  backwards,  and  resting  its  weight  on 
one  leg,  somewhat  after  the  manner  of  the 
antique.  This  position  was  often  exag- 
gerated to  an  absurd  degree.  The  heads 
of  this  period  are  more  delicate  and  re- 
fined than  previously,  but  do  not  lose  any 
of  their  force  or  vigour  of  character.  The 
features  continue  to  be  strongly  outlined, 
and  a  varied  and  natural  expression  is  im- 
parted to  the  eye  and  eyebrow.  No  at- 
tempt is  made  to  distinguish  the  iris  of 
the  eye  fVom  the  pupil,  the  whole  being 
represented  by  one  black  dot.  The  hair 
and  beard  are  generally  drawn  in  flowing 
locks,  boldly  expressed  by  the  varying 
thickness  of  the  outline.  (See  Winston's 
"Ancient  Glass  Painting.")  Another  piece 
of  glass,  from  Dresden,  has  the  date  IGOl, 
and  representations  of  several  saints. 
One,  with  the  name  of  S.  lACOB  on  it, 
(the  brother  of  John,  '*  slain  with  the 
sword,")  is  remarkable  as  containing  an 
old  painting  of  the  ancient  instrument  of 
decapitation,  which  was  in  use  in  £ng- 


152 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


land,  at  Halifax,  as  late  as  1650,  and  sub- 
sequently obtained  the  name  of  guillotine, 
from  its  having  been  proposed  to  the  Na- 
tional Assembly  of  France  for  adoption, 
early  in  the  Revolution,  by  M.  Guillotin, 
of  Lyons,  a  physician.  The  guillotine  in 
the  glass  exhibited  does  not  appear  to  be 


so  high  as  the  soldiers  who  stand  by  it. 
St.  James  kneels,  and  places  his  neck  upon 
the  block.  The  executioner  is  setting  the 
axe  at  liberty  with  his  left  hand. 

Mr.  Wing  read  a  paper  upon  Church- 
yard Crosses,  of  which  we  shall  give  the 
substance  at  an  early  opportunity. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  SCOTLAND. 


May  21.  At  the  Royal  Institution, 
Pbofessoe  Simpson,  V.-P.,  in  the  chair, 

W.  E.  Hope  Vere,  Esq.,  of  Craigie-hall, 
and  James  Neish,  Esq.,  of  The  Laws  and 
Omachie,  were  admitted  fellows. 

Mr.  Stuart  reported  that  the  Society's 
Circular  to  the  Schoolmasters  of  Scotland, 
regarding  objects  of  historical  interest, 
was  ready  for  distribution,  and  called  at- 
tention to  the  donation  now  announced 
of  a  collection  of  stone  implements  from 
Mr.  Gibb,  schoolmaster  at  Aldbar  in  For- 
farshire, as  an  earnest  of  the  result  which 
might  be  expected  from  the  Society's  ap- 
peal, and  as  an  evidence  of  what  might  be 
accomplished  by  well-directed  efforts.  Mr. 
Gibb  has  for  some  years  collected,  through 
the  instrumentality  of  his  pupils,  any  ac- 
cessible objects  of  antiquity  in  his  own 
neighbourhood,  and  has  now  presented  to 
the  National  Museum  a  selection  made  by 
the  Secretary. 

The  following  communications  were  then 

read: — 

I.  Account  of  Ancient  Remains  on  the 
Summit  of  the  Laws,  Forfarshire.  By 
James  Neish,  Esq.,  of  The  Laws.  With  a 
Plan  and  Drawings.  Communicated  by 
Mr.  Stuart,  Secretary. 

Mr.  Neish  gave  a  minute  account  of  ex- 
cavations made  by  him  in  this  ancient  fort 
or  building,  with  references  to  a  plan  of 
the  ruin.  The  top  of  the  hill  seems  to 
have  been  surrounded  by  a  boundary  wall, 
and  within  this  were  various  subsidiary 
erectionfi,  of  unusual  shape,  and  indeed 
resembling  nothing  yet  discovered.  The 
centre  of  the  hill  was  occupied  by  a  cir- 
cular wall  approached  by  a  narrow  pas- 
sage. The  enclosed  surface  is  paved  with 
flags,  undt*r  which  have  been  found  querns, 
bones,  and  ornaments  of  bronze.  On  the 
east  end  are  various  parallel  walls  of  a 

5 


circular  shape  and  unusual  arrangement. 
All  over  the  summit  of  the  hill,  but  espe- 
cially at  the  bottom  of  the  walls,  were 
found  bones  of  the  ox,  boar,  horse,  deer, 
&c.  In  some  places  human  bones  were 
discovered.  On  the  top  of  the  hill  is  a 
great  quantity  of  black  soil  with  a  slight 
mixture  of  stones  which  have  been  mostly 
subjected  to  the  action  of  fire.  In  some 
places  are  masses  of  vitrified  stones,  and 
in  many  places  the  stones  appear  to  have 
been  in  the  fire.  Masses  of  charred  wheat 
and  barley  were  dug  up,  and  oyster  and 
other  sea  shells.  Mr.  Neish's  paper  was 
illustrated  by  a  ground-plan,  and  by  some 
beautiful  sketches  contributed  by  Mr. 
Chambers. 

Mr.  Stuart  read  notes  on  the  subject 
of  the  paper,  and  pointed  out  some  ana- 
logies of  construction  in  the  objects  dis- 
covered, and  between  the  ruins  in  the 
Laws  and  the  chambered  cairns  at  Kettle- 
bum  in  Caithness,  and  Dowth  in  Ireland. 

II.  Concordia  facta  inter  Anglicot  et 
ScotoSy  3  Jan.  1323;  and  copies  of  three 
Pupal  Bulls  connected  with  Scotland  in 
1347  and  1371.  Communicated  by  Pro- 
fessor Munch  of  Christiana,  hoiL  member 
of  the  Society,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  D. 
Laing,  V.P.S.A.  Scot. 

Mr.  Laing  explained  that  Professor 
Munch  had  been  employed  by  his  own 
government  to  examine  the  archives  in 
the  Vatican  for  materials  to  illustrate  the 
early  history  of  Denmark,  and  in  doing  so 
that  he  had  noted  and  copied  various 
documents  relating  to  interesting  points 
in  the  history  of  SootUnd.  Of  these,  the 
documents  now  submitted  to  the  meeting 
were  a  portion,  which  were  explained  by 
Mr.  Laing,  and  regarded  by  the  meeting 
as  curious  and  interesting. 

From  the  lateness  of  the  hour,  the  re- 


I860.] 


Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 


158 


maining  papers  on  the  list  were  reserved 
to  another  meeting. 

Among  the  donations  to  the  moseum 
were  the  following  from  Mr.  Gihh : — 

1.  Two  stone  hammers,  one  of  them  in 
the  process  of  formation,  found  in  Forfar- 
shire ;  2.  Two  stone  knives,  found  in  Shet- 
land ;  8.  Two  stone  whorles,  one  of  them 
ornamented;  4.  One  flint  arrow-head, 
found  in  Forfarshire. 

June  4.  LoBD  Neayes,  one  of  the  VToe- 
Presidents,  in  the  chair. 

The  following  communications  were  rejid 
hj  the  Secretary : — 

1.  On  the  use  of  Bronze  and  Iron  in 
Ancient  Egypt,  with  reference  to  General 
Archaeology.  By  A.  H.  Rhind,  Esq.,  Hon. 
Mem.  S.A.  Scot. 

Mr.  Rhind  referred  to  the  common  opi- 
nion that  the  absence  of  iron  relics  among 
the  innumerable  spoils  from  the  older 
tombs  of  Egypt  has  to  be  accounted  for 
by  the  natural  tendency  of  that  metal  to 
rapid  decomposition,  likely  also  to  be  hasten- 
ed by  the  nitrous  soil  of  the  country.  That 
this  opinion  was  unfounded  Mr.  Rhind 
shewed  by  referring  to  the  various  articles 
of  iron  found  by  himself  in  an  unrifled 
tomb  at  Thebes,  and  which  after  a  period 
of  two  thousand  years  were  as  lustrous 
and  pliant  as  on  the  day  they  left  the 
forge.  A  discussion  followed  on  the  early 
history  of  iron  and  bronze,  in  which  Pf^- 
fessor  Simpson,  Lord  Neaves,  and  Mr. 
Robertson  took  part. 

2.  Notice  of  Underground  Chambers  re- 
cently excavated  on  the  Hill  of  Cairncon- 
non,  For&rshire.  By  John  Stuart,  Esq., 
Secretary  S.A.  Scot. 

A  circular  house,  with  adjoining  gpal- 
leries  or  passages,  all  under  ground,  has 
been  recently  to  some  extent  excavated 
under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  Jervise 
of  Brechin,  at  the  instance  of  some  gentle- 
men in  the  neighbourhood.  Remains  of  a 
similar  kind  in  other  parts  of  Scotland,  as 
well  as  in  England  and  Ireland,  were  de- 
scribed; but  until  the  chambers  at  Caim- 
oonnon  are  more  thoroughly  cleared  out, 
it  will  be  unpossible  to  classify  them  with 
any  others.  The  value  of  correct  plans 
and  drawings  of  these  early  monuments 
GuTT.  Mie.  Vol.  CCIX« 


was  enlarged  upon,  and  a  hope  expressed 
that  the  small  sum  necessary  to  complete 
the  present  excavations  would  be  contri- 
buted by  the  members. 

8.  On  the  Connection  between  Scot- 
land and  the  Council  of  Constance  in  the 
Fifteenth  Century.  By  John  Small,  Esq., 
A.M.,  Librarian  to  the  University. 

Mr.  Small,  after  alluding  to  the  dis- 
tinguished persons  who  had  been  deputed 
by  the  Church  of  England  to  represent 
that  country  in  the  famous  Council  of 
Constance  in  the  year  1415,  gave  some 
account  of  the  very  singular  controversy 
which  arose  in   Scotland  relative  to  its 
being  represented  also  at  the  same  CounclL 
It  would  appear  from  Fordun  that  the 
Council  of  Constance  sent  the  Abbot  of 
Pontignac    to    Scotland    to    induce    the 
Scottish  Church  to  withdraw  their  allegi- 
anoe  from  Pope  Benedict  XIII.    Accord- 
ingly a  great  assembly  (or,  as  Lord  Hailea 
thinks,  a  Scottish  Parliament)  was  held  at 
Perth  in  1417.    The  Regent  Albany,  who 
at  that  time  governed  Scotland,  espoused 
the  side  of  Benedict,  and  appointed  an 
English  friar — Robert  Harding — to  plead 
the  cause  of  that  Pope,  the  tenour  of 
whose  argument  was,  that  the  Scottish 
Church  should  allow  the  Coundl  of  Con- 
stance, which  he  likened  to  twelve  ele- 
phants, to  bellow  and  shout,   while    it, 
being  as  it  were  the  keystone  of  the  whole, 
would,  by  continuing  to  adhere  to  Bene- 
dict, prevent  the  unanimous  election  of 
Martin  V.,  and  thus  muntain  a  certain 
degree  of  support  for  Benedict.    Harding, 
however,  was  so  much  opposed  by  the  pro- 
fessors of  the  then  newly-instituted  Uni- 
veraity  of  St.  Andrews,  and  by  John  Foggo, 
a  monk  of  Melrose,  afterwards  abbot  of 
that  monastery,  who  proved  him  guilty  of 
misquoting  a  passage  of  Scripture  to  suit 
his  views,  that  the  cause  of  Benedict  was 
lost.    Harding  died  shortly  afterwards  at 
Lanark,  and  an  end  was  thus  put  to  the 
controversy — the  Scotch  withdrew  from 
Benedict,  and  adhered  to  Martin — a  cir- 
cumstance which    Fordun  says  was  de- 
clared by  all  to  be  creditable  to  their 
singular  steadiness  and  constancy.  - 

4.  Notice  respecting  a  Bronze  Tripod 
Vessel  with  an  Insa'iption,  found  at  Hex* 

V 


154 


Antiqtiarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


ham.  Illustrated  by  a  Drawing,  and  Cast 
of  Inscription.  By  William  D.  Fairless, 
M.D.,  Montrose. 

This  curioos  vessel  was  recently  found 
in  draining  a  bog  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Linnels,  near  to  Hexham.  It  is  of  a  com- 
mon shape,  and  has  on  it  an  inscription  as 
follows : — BENB  BEIT  Ki  BEN  BEIT,  mean- 
ing, '  A  blessing  on  him  who  drinks  well.' 
It  is  supposed,  from  the  character  of  the 
writing,  that  the  date  of  the  vessel  may 
be  the  fourteenth  century. 

Mr.  Burton  exhibited  rubbings  of  some 


of  the  beautiful  crosses  of  Argyllshire,  and 
drew  attention  to  the  great  number  of 
them  to  be  found  on  the  west  coast  of 
Scotland.  He  suggested  the  great  value 
of  a  collection  of  drawings  of  these  re- 
mains, and  stated  his  belief  that  many 
points  of  analogy  between  them  and  the 
crosses  on  the  east  coast  would  be  found. 
A  general  interest  in  the  subject  was 
manifested,  and  the  Chairman  expressed 
his  hope  that  it  would  ere  long  be  fol- 
lowed out. 


SURREY  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


JuM  27.  The  seventh  Annual  Meeting 
was  held  at  Reigate,  under  the  presidency 
of  the  Hon.  W.  J.  Monson,  M.P. 

Though  the  weather  was  unfavourable, 
the  company  assembled  in  considerable 
strength  at  the  Merstham  station,  at  11 
o'clock,  and  visited  in  succession  the 
churches  of  Merstham,  Chipstead,  and 
Chitton,  at  each  of  which  lectures  on  its 
history  and  architecture  were  given,  by 
Alfred  Heales,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  the  Rev.  P. 
Aubertin,  and  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Wynter. 
Gatton  church,  as  restored  by  the  late 
Lord  Monson,  was  much  admired.  The 
fittings  of  the  interior  were  mostly  pur- 
chased by  his  lordship  in  Belgium  during 
the  confusion  of  the  revolution  of  1830, 
and  thus  rescued  from  farther  desecration. 
The  painted  glass,  the  wainscoting  of  the 
nave,  and  the  canopies,  it  was  stated,  came 
from  the  monastery  of  Aiirschot,  near 
Louvaine ;  the  communion-table  from  Nu- 
remberg; the  communion- rails  from  Ton- 
gres ;  the  carved  doon  from  Rouen ;  and 
the  stalls  once  belonged  to  a  Benedictine 
monastery  at  Ghent.  The  Gothic  screen 
at  the  west  end  of  the  nave  was  procured 
by  Lord  Monson  from  an  English  church 
after  it  had  been  consigned  by  a  warden 
to  the  flames.  The  pulpit  corresponds  in 
colour  and  in  general  tenour  with  the  rest 
of  the  oak  work.  They  then  repaired  to 
Gatton  Hall,  where,  by  permission  of  Sir 
Hugh  Cairns,  the  present  occupant,  the  bu- 
siness of  the  Society  was  transacted  in  the 
Marble-hall,  erected  a  few  years  ago  by 
the  late  Lord  Konson. 


The  auditors  reported  the  finandal  po- 
sition as  satisfactory.    They  said, — 

**  Your  auditors  have  examined  the  ac- 
counts of  the  Society  from  Jan.  1st,  1859, 
to  Dec.  Slst,  1859,  and  also  up  to  the 
time  of  the  decease  of  the  late  hon.  sec. 
(Mr.  G.  B.  Webb). 

"  They  have  the  melancholy  satis&ction 
of  stating  that  the  several  statements  of 
the  accounts  by  the  late  Mr.  G.  B.  Webb 
are  borne  out  by  the  several  vouchers. 

'<It  appears  that  the  sum  of  £396 
Is.  lOd.  new  3  per  cent,  annuities  is  in- 
vested, equal  to  £380,  and  stands  to  the 
credit  side  of  the  Surrey  Archseological 
Society  in  the  banker's  book,  which  sum  is 
duly  invested  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  Society. 

"  The  stock,  consisting  of  the  library, 
museum,  and  publications,  are  set  down  at, 
we  think,  a  moderate  valuation  of  £125, 
making  a  total  of  £505,  the  liabilities  of 
the  past  year  amounting  to  £130  13s.  8d." 

The  Council  in  their  report  stated  that 
the  number  of  members  was  606,  being 
an  increase  of  82  in  the  last  year. 

"The  Council  fully  expected  to  have 
produced  at  this  meeting  the  Third  Part  of 
the  Society's  Journal,  but  owing  to  the 
decease  of  Mr.  G.  B.  Webb,  whose  loes 
the  Society  deeply  lament,  some  delay  has 
been  occasioned;  they  trust,  however, 
that  the  Transactions  will  be  ready  for 
delivery  to  members  early  in  August. 

"Some  progress,  also,  has  been  made 
with  Part  IV.,  which  will  be  issued  early 
next  year. 

**  The  Council  beg  to  call  particular  at- 
tention to  the  illustration  fund,  and  to 
point  out  that  owing  to  the  liberality  of  a 
few  members  of  the  Society,  k  facsimile  of 
a  most  interesting  document  will  appear 


I860.] 


Surrey  ArchcBoloyical  Society. 


155 


in  Part  III.,  which  otherwise  the  funds  at 
their  disposal  would  not  have  allowed.' 


it 


The  reports  were  adopted,  the  Presi- 
dent, Vice-Presidents,  and  officers  re- 
elected, and  Mr.  H.  W.  Sass  (who  had 
acted  as  Hon.  Sec.  since  the  decease  of 
Mr.  Bish  Webh)  appointed  to  the  secre- 
taryship. Messrs.  Goodfroy  and  Richard- 
son were  named  auditors  for  the  ensuing 
year,  and  after  the  usual  votes  of  thanks, 
including  a  special  one  to  Sir  Hugh 
Cairns,  the  party  quitted  the  Hall,  and 
proceeded  to  Reigate  parish  church.  Here 
W.  Hart,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  gave  a  description 
of  the  edifice,  from  which  we  extract  a 
few  passages : — 

The  church  was  dedicated  to  St.  Mary 
Magdalen,   and  consisted  of  north    and 
south  usles,  and  a  principal,  or  high  chan- 
cel, with  two  side  chancels.     They  had 
no  definite  account  of  the  erection  of  the 
church,  and,  therefore,  they  could  only 
approximate  to  a  probable  date  by  a  com- 
parison of  its  architectural  details.    The 
idea  that  the  church  was  of  the  Perpen- 
dicular period  was  erroneous,  for  it  was 
clear  that  there  were  several  periods  visi- 
ble earlier  than  the  former  period.     The 
oldest  portion  was  evidently  the  nave, 
which  was  of  semi- Norman  work ;  and  he 
should  not  be  far  wrong  in  assigning  the 
erection  of  it  to  a  period  about  1150 — 
1200.    Indeed,  Mr.Palgrave  in  his  Hand- 
book to  Reigate,  just  published,  endea- 
voured to  fix  the  date  still  more  exactly 
by  reducing  the  period  to  1175 — 1200, 
and  he  suggested  that,  from  a  similarity 
in  the  capitals,  this  might  be  the  handi- 
work of  the  architects  superintended  by 
the  Norman,  William  of  Sens,  who  was 
engaged  at  that  time  in  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  choir  of  Canterbury  Cathedral ; 
the  suggestion,   Mr.  Hart  thought,  was 
worthy  of  attention.    The  next  in  date 
was  the  north  aisle,  the  west  window  of 
which,  consisting  of  two  lights  with  sphe- 
rical triangle  above,  denoted  that  it  be- 
longed to  a  late  period  of  the  Early  English 
style.    Next  in  chronological  order  came 
the  chancels,  which  were  of  the  Perpen- 
dicular period,  although  in  the  late  resto- 
rations the  original  features  have  not  been 
preserved.     The  south  porch  and  tower 
were  of  the  same  period.    After  a  further 
description  of  the  principal  chancel,  he 
said,  as  important  a  feature  as  any  in  that 
part  was  the  altar-piece,  or  reredos,  which 
was  discovered  in  pulling  down  the  oak 
panelling  bearing  the  commandments  in 


the  year  1845,  and  which  was  restored  as 
far  as  possible,  with  the  exception  of  the 
colours,  to  its  pristine  condition,  as  tliey 
then  saw  it.  This  altar-piece  was  described 
by  Mr.  Caporn,  at  a  meeting  at  Winchester 
of  the  British  ArchaK)logical  Association. 
In  reft-rring  to  the  alterations  made  in 
the  east  window,  he  said  the  restorations 
had  not  produced  it  in  its  integrity,  as 
should  have  been  done;  and  this  remark 
applied    to    other    windows.      Windows 
should  not  be  altered  from  Perpendicular 
to  Decorated,  or  from  Decorated  to  Early 
English,  in  order  to  please  a  passing  fancy, 
because  thereby  all  trace  of  architectural 
evidence  was   utterly   destroyed,  and  it 
became  a  difficulty  for  one  like  himself, 
without  any  knowledge  of  the  church  be- 
fore its  restoration,  except  from  the  in- 
formation of  others,  to  avoid  misleading 
them.    On  the  north  side  of  the  north 
chancel  was  a  vestry  erected  in  the  year 
1513,  by  John  Kenner,  over  the  door  of 
which  was  a  brass,  containing  a  Latin  in- 
scription to  the  memory  of  that  individual. 
After  mentioning  the  interesting  volumes 
in   a  library  over  this  vestry,  he  stated 
that  the  north  chancel  had  in  all  pro- 
bability an  altar  at  its  upper  end,  but  all 
traces  were  now  lost;   not  so,  however, 
with  the  south  chancel ;  there  was  ample 
evidence  to  shew  that  there  was  formerly 
an  altar,  as  the  credences  still  remained 
in  the  south  wall.  There  was  a  peculiarity 
about  that  niche  which  was  worthy  of  re- 
mark, namely,  that  at  the  four  comers 
were  four  notches  just  in  the  same  posi- 
tion as  they  would  place  hinges  for  a  door, 
but  it  could  scarcely  have  been  the  case 
in  this  instance,  though  he  had  no  doubt 
it  was  some  corresponding  contrivance  in 
reference  to  a  door ;  he,  however,  left  the 
snbject  open  to  conjecture.   It  might  have 
been  a  chantry  altar,  or  it  might  have 
appertained  to  the  priory  hard  by ;  it  was 
not  possible  to  say,  without  diving  deeply 
into  the  records  of  the  old  Court  of  Aug- 
mentations.   The  screen   was  good,  and 
fortunately  had  not  been  mutilated  by 
the  introduction  of  glass,  as  was  too  often 
the  case.    The  oldest  monument  in  the 
church  consisted  of  the  effigies  of  the 
Richard  Elyots,  (father  and  son,)  who  lived 
at  the  mflusion  called  the  Lodge,  and  who 
died  in  1609.  The  mutilated  kneeling  figure 
of  a  lady  beneath  the  arch  in  the  south 
chancel  wall  was  Katherine  Elyot,  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  Eiyot.     She  died  in  1623. 
There  was  also  a  monument  to  Sir  Edward 
Hurland,  a  faithful  servant  of  Charles  I., 
and  an  esteemed  friend  of  Jeremy  Taylor, 
but  this  had  been  swept  away  by  alter- 
ations.    Another    monument    had  been 


156 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Aug. 


taken  away,  but  was  not  destroyed,  as  it 
was  then  lying  in  the  belfry.  It  was  to 
the  memory  of  Lieat.  Bird,  who  "had 
the  misfortune  to  kill  the  waiter  at  a 
tavern,  near  Gk)lden-8qnare,  and  for  this 
he  was  hanged  in  1718."  In  a  large 
yaalt  beneath  the  chancel  was  buried  Lord 
Howard  of  Effingham,  and  the  first  and 
second  Earls  of  Nottingham.  Mr.  Hart 
condaded  his  discourse  by  suggesting  the 
removal  of  a  gallery  on  the  north  aisle  of 
the  church,  which,  as  it  then  was,  spoiled 
the  appearance  of  the  arches;  and  he 
thought  that  if  this  alteration  were  made, 
and  the  organ  gallery  taken  down,  this 
church,  although  in  its  present  state  it 
was  one  of  great  ecclesiastical  correctness, 
would  then  be  a  beautiful  and  fair  speci- 
men amongst  the  fine  old  churches  of  this 
country. 

The  Priory t  the  seat  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Jlarl  Somers,  was  the  next  point.  Notice 
was  particularly  directed  to  a  beautiful 
oak  mantel-piece,  brought  from  Nonsuch, 
and  the  valuable  collection  of  paintings. 

The  Baron^  Cave  was  also  visited,  the 
passages  having  been  lighted  up  for  the 
occasion.  When  the  company  assembled 
in  the  principal  passage,  Mr.  John  Lees 
(of  Reig^te)  made  some  general  remarks. 
He  said  the  history  of  the  castle  was  very 
incomplete.  We  only  knew  that  for  ages 
it  belonged  to  the  Warren  family,  changed 
hands  at  last,  and  in  the  time  of  James  I. 
was  described  as  in  possession  of  Sir  Roger 
James.  It  was  demolished  in  1648  or  49, 
by  order  of  the  Parliament.  The  Barons' 
Cave  is  approached  from  the  portion  known 
as  the  Castle  Keep,  being  the  mound  on 
which  the  keep  once  stood,  where  there 
is  a  small  pyramid,  erected  in  1777,  and 
under  which  access  is  obtained  to  the  cave 
by  a  flight  of  uneven  fione  steps.  The 
cave  consists  of  an  extennvc  chamber  lead- 
ing out  of  a  straight  passage  cut  in  the 
•and  rock,  having  a  pointed-arch  roof  also 
hewn  out  in  the  sand  rock,  and  extending 
to  a  distance  of  235  feet.  The  pointed 
arch  was  considered  by  some  to  denote 
the  age  of  the  cave,  but  inasmuch  as  it 
varied  throughout  the  whole  length,  he 
did  not  attach  much  importance  to  that 
consideration.  Nearly  at  the  foot  of  the 
steps,  in  a  low  vault,  was  a  "  bed-cham- 
ber," (?)  and  at  a  short  distance  beyond 
that  they  came  to  the  Barons*  Cave,  which 


is  123  feet  long,  11  feet  wide,  and  13  feet 
high.  Although  he  of  course  did  not  be- 
lieve the  tradition  that  Magna  Charta  was 
drawn  up  by  the  Barons  in  that  place,  it, 
no  doubt,  in  those  unsettled  times  afibrded 
a  secure  repository  for  stores  and  trea- 
sures, and  might  have  been  used  as  a 
council-chamber.  At  the  end  of  the  pas- 
sage, an  opening  leading  southward,  and 
which  was  then  stopped  up,  was  said  to 
have  formed  the  entrance  to  a  passage 
leading  to  the  Priory,  but  there  was  no 
evidence  that  such  was  the  case,  and  he 
was  inclined  to  think  that  it  might  have 
been  a  sally-port  into  the  moat,  or  it 
might  have  led  to  a  well  to  supply  the 
castle  with  water,  as  it  was  filled  up  with 
earth  foreign  to  the  soil. 

The  dinner  at  the  White  Hart  Hotel 
was  weU  attended,  the  Hon.  Mr.  Monson 
presiding,  but  being  obliged  to  leave  early, 
he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  T.  Hart,  (local 
secretary,)  and  the  proceedings  closed 
with  a  conversazione  at  the  Town-hall, 
where  a  temporary  museum  had  been 
formed.  A  large  and  superb  collection 
of  antique  rings  of  great  value,  exhibited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  Beck,  was  the  gem  of  the 
museum.  There  was  also,  inter  aUa,  a 
bronze  curfew;  a  large  leather  jack  from 
the  collection  of  Henry  Catt,  Esq.,  exhi- 
bited by  the  Rev.  J.  Beck,  who  also  sent 
—Madame  du  Barri's  watch ;  a  royal  As- 
syrian signet  in  chalcedony,  from  Niveveh ; 
a  fine  specimen  of  an  old  ivory  triptych, 
of  French  work;  writing-case  of  Oliver 
Cromwell;  crest  of  a  Roman  soldier's 
helmet,  in  bronze.  Fragments  of  an  an- 
cient Egyptian  calendar  were  furnished 
by  Thomas  Hart,  Esq.,  a  decorative  brick 
with  a  head  probably  of  the  King  of  Spain, 
which  was  found  in  Thames-street.  There 
were  also  many  ''rubbing^"  of  monu- 
mental brasses  of  great  antiquity,  and  a 
vast  number  of  other  things.  During  the 
evening,  lectures  were  delivered  in  the 
Town-hall ;  the  Rev.  Mr.  Mayhew,  of  New- 
degate,  discoursed  on  geology,  &c;  Mr. 
W.  J.  Hart,  on  the  library  at  the  parish 
church,  which  numbers  117  volumes ;  and 
Mp.  Richardson  upon  the  various  stales 
of  binding  books,  tracing  their  history 
from  the  earliest  times. 


I860.] 


Discovery  of  a  Roman  Villa,  8^c. 


157 


WORCESTER  ARCH^OLOGICAL  CLUB. 


At  the  April  meetiDg,  Mr.  J.  Noake 
(of  the  **  Worcester  Herald")  read  a  paper 
(the  ontline  of  an  intended  work)  on  the 
history  of  the  Catholics  of  Worcester  sub- 
sequent to  the  Reformation,  and  that  of 
the  various  Dissenting  denominations  in 
that  city  from  their  origin,  drawn  up  from 
the  local  records,  as  also  the  books  belong- 
ing to  the  Catholics,  Independents,  Qua- 
kers, Baptists,  Countess  of  Huntingdon's 
Society,  and  Wesleyans.  The  history  of 
the  Catholics  included  an  account  of  the 
share  which  some  of  the  Worcestershire 
ones  bore  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  and 
detuls  of  the  execution  of  Father  Old- 
come  at  Worcester,  as  also  the  execution 
of  Father  Wall  in  the  same  city  just  after 
Titus  Oates's  plot.  Some  monstrous  mira- 
cles, said  to  have  been  wrought  at  Wor- 
cester at  the  death  of  these  men,  as  pub- 
lished in  Jesuit  works  at  Rome  and  St. 


Omer's,  were  also  given.  Much  of  the 
history  of  this  Church  is  involved  in  dark- 
ness ;  but  in  reference  to  the  other  deno- 
minations of  Christians,  their  records,  or 
copies  of  them,  appear  to  have  been  well 
preserved.  The  Quakers  especially  seem 
to  have  been  heavily  oppressed.  The 
Baptist  and  Independent  records  abound 
with  interest,  being  associated  with  re- 
miniscences of  Baxter,  Tombs,  and  many 
other  Nonconformists  of  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries. 

At  the  May  meeting  a  paper  was  read 
by  Mr.  E.  Lees  on  '*  The  Localities  where 
Celtic  and  Roman  relics  have  been  found 
in  Worcestershire,**  a  subject  which  was 
treated  with  much  ability.  A  discusnon 
afterwards  took  place  with  reference  to 
the  fate  of  the  Guesten  Hall,  and  the 
Club  then  acyourned  their  meetings  till 
September. 


DISCOVERY  OF  A  ROMAN  VILLA  OR  STATION  IN  THE  PARISH 

OF  NORTH  WRAXHALL,  WILTS. 


A  PIELD  at  the  north-western  extremity 
of  the  parish  of  North  Wraxhall  has  long 
been  known  by  the  residents  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood as  the  site  of  some  buildings  of 
the  Roman  period.  It  bears  the  name  of 
the  "CoflBn  gpround,"  from  the  circum- 
stance of  a  stone  sarcophagus  having  been 
dug  up  there  towards  the  commencement 
of  the  century,  containing  a  skeleton  at 
lull  length. 

In  the  course  of  the  autumn  of  1858, 
the  farm,  which  is  the  property  of  Lord 
Methuen,  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  new 
tenant,  who,  finding  the  stones  in  the 
way  of  his  plough,  employed  labourers  to 
remove  them,  and  thus  brought  to  light 
the  walls  of  several  small  rooms. 

Mr.  Poulett  Scrope,  who  had  watched 
these  proceedings  with  much  interest, 
thereupon  oommumcated  with  Lord  Me- 
thuen, and  was  requested  by  his  Lord- 
ship to  direct  further  excavations.  Four 
men  were  set  to  work,  in  December  last, 
and  have  cleared  the  foundation  walls 
of  one  entire  building,  measuring  about 


130  feet  by  36,  and  containing  more  than 
sixteen  separate  rooms,  passages,  or  courts, 
and  traced  out  several  other  walls  ex- 
tending over  the  area  of  two  or  three  acres 
already  mentioned.  Parts  of  these  be- 
longed probably  to  other  houses,  barracks 
perhaps,  or  farm  buildings,  while  some 
seem  to  have  been  the  enclosures  of  yards 
or  gardens. 

The  principal  building,  already  almost 
entirely  excavated,  was  probably  the  villa, 
or  habitation  of  a  person  of  some  import- 
ance, perhaps  a  landed  proprietor,  or  the 
commanding  officer  of  a  military  station. 
The  length  of  the  building,  as  shewn  by 
the  dimensions  given  above,  greatly  ex- 
ceeds its  breadth.  It  stretches  nearly 
north  and  south.  The  southern  extremity 
is  occupied  by  a  series  of  five  or  six  small 
chambers  communicating  with  one  an- 
other by  doorways,  and  all  having  floors 
**  suspended"  over  Hypocausts,  or  arched 
ranges  of  hot  flues.  Four  of  these  possess 
semicircular  recesses  at  one  end,  one  of 
them  being  occupied  by  a  stone  batb,  the 


158 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Aug. 


front  of  which  is  nnfortmiately  hroken. 
Considerable  interest  attaches  to  this  nest 
of  rooms,  inasmnch  as  their  arrangement 
corresponds  most  accurately  with  that 
usually  practised  in  Roman  themuB,  as  de- 
scribed by  Sir  W.  Gell  in  his  Pompeiana, 
and  as  recommended  by  Vitruvius. 

At  the  opposite  or  northern  extremity 
of  this  range  of  building  are  three  or  four 
chambers  communicating  with  each  other, 
and  which,  from  the  superior  character  of 
their  masonry  to  that  of  the  intermediate 
apartments,  may  be  presumed  to  have 
formed  the  living  or  sleeping-rooms  of  the 
master  of  the  house.  None  of  these  rooms 
have  hypocausts,  nor  were  their  floors 
found  entire ;  but  the  occurrence  of  nume- 
rous squared  tessella  in  the  rubbish  filling 
them  seemed  to  shew  that  they  once  pos- 
sessed tesselated  pavements.  The  walls 
generally  are  well  built  of  ranged  courses 
of  the  stone  of  the  country,  partly  dressed 
and  faced  with  the  axe  or  chiseL  The 
quoins  especially  are  as  well  squared  and 
built  as  the  very  best  modem  masonry  of 
the  neighbourhood.  In  parts  of  the  foun- 
dation walls  extending  over  the  larger 
area,  very  massive  squared  stones  were 
found,  probably  the  bases  either  of  pillars 
or  heavy  stone  door-posts. 

The  buildings  were  formerly  covered 
with  heavy  stone  roofing  tiles  of  fissile, 
reddish-grey  sandstone,  of  the  coal  mea- 
sures, which  must  have  been  brought  from 
the  Bristol  coal-field,  many  miles  distant. 
These  are  all  of  an  elongatedhexagonalform, 
neatly  cut,  shewing  the  nail-hole,  and  in 
many  cases  the  nail  itself,  by  which  they 
were  fastened  to  the  timber  roof.  Great 
numbers  of  such  tile%  whole  or  in  frag- 
ments, are  scattered  through  the  rubbish. 
Numerous  other  objects  of  art  were  found 
in  the  course  of  the  excavations,  mostly  of 
course  in  a  fragmentary  state,  such  as 
pieces  of  pottery,  chiefly  of  the  dark  brown, 
black,  or  blue  sorts ;  in  one  of  the  hypo- 
caust  chambers — that  which  has  been  called 
the  Tepidarium — three  entire  jars  of  black 
earthenware  were  found  resting  against 
the  wall,  upon  or  within  the  hot  flue,  each 
having  a  cover  upon  it,  and  really  convey- 
ing the  impression  that  they  had  contained 
a  portion  of  the  last  meal  prepared  by  the 


inhabitants  of  the  house  before  its  final 
desertion  or  destruction.  Among  other 
articles  met  with,  were  two  small  brace- 
lets, two  bronze  spoons,  some  beads,  bone 
pins,  and  fifteen  bronze  coins ;  one  of  these 
is  a  very  fine  large  brass  of  Tr^'an ;  the 
rest  small  brasses  of  the  Lower  Empire, 
Constantine,  Constantius,  Valens,  &c.  It 
may  be  remarked  that  every  object  that 
has  yet  turned  up  bears  exclusively  a 
Roman  character,  from  which  it  is  to  be 
presumed  that  these  buildings  were  com- 
pletely destroyed  towards  the  close  of  the 
occupation  of  the  district  by  the  Romans, 
and  that  the  site  was  not  subsequently  oc- 
cupied by  any  later  inhabitants.  Probably 
it  was  soon  after  that  date  overgrown  with 
wood,  of  which  it  was,  indeed,  only  cleared 
about  thirty  years  since,  when  the  plough 
was  for  the  first  time  inserted  among  the 
ruins.  Hence  their  comparative  preser- 
vation. There  are,  however,  indications 
of  the  temporary  habitation  of  some  por- 
tions of  the  buildings  after  a  first  epoch  of 
spoliation  and  partial  destruction,  in  the 
walling-up  of  some  doorways  by  inferior 
masonry,  &c.  And  many  parts  of  the 
walls  have  been  broken  up,  probably  in 
very  recent  times,  either  because  they  were 
in  the  way  of  the  cultivator,  or  for  the 
purpose  of  using  the  materials  in  building 
the  field  walls  and  a  neighbouring  bam. 
Indeed,  many  squared  and  faced  stones  of 
Roman  work  may  be  recognised  in  these 
situations.  Among  the  rubbish  within  and 
about  the  buildings,  occur  a  great  number 
of  bones, — mostly  of  swine,  sheep,  oxen, 
deer,  &c.,  but  some  of  them  human.  Several 
deers'  antlers  and  wild  boars'  tusks  were 
met  with;  some  of  the  former  had  been 
fashioned  into  rude  implements.  Oyster- 
shells  also  abound ;  so  that  the  inhabitants 
appear  to  have  lived  well.  The  internal 
walls  of  the  rooms  had  clearly  been  lined 
with  stucco,  and  painted  in  fresco.  The 
patterns  in  the  fragments  remaining  are 
generally  rather  rude  stripes  of  difierent 
colours,  sometimes  crossed  diamond-wise, 
with  a  flower  or  bud  in  the  centre,  or 
attached  to  each  stripe.  No  inscription 
has  yet  been  met  with. 

The  spot  is  inaccessible  by  wheel  car- 
riages, except  from  the  side  of  North 


I860.] 


Miscellanea. 


159 


Wraxhall  village,  where  a  bad  parish 
highway  leads  to  within  a  couple  of  fields 
of  it;.  On  the  Castle  Combe  side  it  can 
only  be  reached  on  foot,  by  crossing  the 
deep  glen  which  bounds  the  station  to  the 
north.  It  may  be  worth  mentioning  that 
on  the  point  of  the  opposite  hill  on  that 
side,  the  labourers,  many  years  back,  when 
digging  up  the  ground  for  the  plant(ition 
now  g^wing  there,  met  with  a  stone  slab 
having  the  figure  of  a  hunter  spearing  a 


stag  sculptured  on  it,  together  with  a  heap 
of  some  hundred  brass  coins,  chiefly  of  the 
Lower  Roman  Empire.  And  on  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  same  hill  towards  Castle 
Combe,  several  spots  shew  vestiges  of 
Roman  occupation,  as  indeed  is  the  case 
on  many  other  points  of  the  range  of 
heights  traversed  by  the  Great  Military 
Foss  road  from  Bath  to  Cirencester,  which 
passes  through  both  the  parishes  of  Castle 
Combe  and  North  Wraxhall. 


MISCELLAISTEA. 


Roman  Remains  in  Feance.— Several 
interesting  discoveries  have  recently  been 
made  in  casual  excavations  for  the  foun- 
dations of  new  buildings.  Thus  the  work- 
men employed  in  digging  the  foundations 
for  a  new  theatre  at  Toulon,  found  the 
walls  of  an  ancient  villa  about  two  metres 
below  the  surface.  A  little  lower,  several 
pieces  of  mosaic  were  discovered,  which 
were  removed  to  the  Toulon  Museum. 
These  objects  of  art  belong  to  a  period 
posterior  to  the  Roman  conquest.  A 
metre  below  the  mosaics  several  tombs 
were  found,  containing  quantities  of  hu- 
man bones;  the  bodies  had  all  been  laid 
to  face  the  east. 

In  the  department  of  the  Alier,  while 
digging  foundations  for  enlarging  the  hos- 
pital at  N^ris-les-Baius,  there  have  been 
discovered  three  fine  caryatides,  evidently 
once  forming  part  of  a  frieze.  One  of 
them  has  the  head  of  Jupiter  Olympus, 
another  that  of  Juno,  and  the  third  is 
an  allegorical  figure  of  Grief,  remarkably 
well  executed.  They  are  all  of  the  coarse 
sandstone  which  abounds  in  the  environs 
ofN^rifl. 

In  addition  to  these  discoveries,  the 
systematic  excavations  which  have  been 
in  progress  for  some  time  past  near  Vienne 
(Is^re)  still  continue,  with  more  than  usual 
success.  Several  bronze  and  iron  relics 
have  recently  been  found.  Among  them 
are  the  flat  end  of  a  stylus,  a  spear-head, 
an  elegant  earthen  vase,  and  a  bronze 
bell ;  but  the  most  curious  and  best  pre- 
served article  is  a  kind  of  hollow  bronze 
ball,  eight  inches  in  circumference,  pre- 
senting thirteen   facettes,  with   a   hole 


in   each,   and    projecting    studs  at    the 
angles. 

Roman  Relics  at  Wobcbstee. — Some 
labourers  digging  for  sand  near  the  site 
of  the  old  bowling-green  at  Diglis,  and 
within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  Severn, 
recently  discovered  a  quantity  of  ancient 
pottery  and  a  copper  coin  of  Domitian,  in 
good  preservation,  as  also  some  bones. 
Much  of  the  pottery  was  broken,  frag- 
ments of  eight  or  nine  vessels  being  picked 
up.  There  was,  however,  a  complete  sau- 
cer, of  red  or  Samian  ware,  and  part  of 
another ;  a  jar,  or  basin,  six  inches  across 
and  six  inches  deep,  of  brown  baked  ware ; 
two  bottles,  or  vases,  of  light  ware,  with 
handles,  small  necks,  and  globular  bodies, 
like  the  sack-bottles  of  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  One  of  these  bottles 
was  nine  inches  high,  and  the  other  six 
inches.  There  is  no  doubt  of  these  re- 
mains being  Roman,  but  being  found  only 
a  yard  beneath  the  surface  of  the  soil,  it 
is  probably  not  a  Roman  deposit,  espe« 
cially  as  other  fragments  of  pottery  of  a 
much  later  date  were  found  with  them. 
The  site  in  question  is  not  many  yards 
from  the  mound  whereon  once  stood  the 
castle  of  Worcester,  commanding  a  ford 
in  the  Severn.  Old  maps  do  not  indicate 
any  house  as  standing  on  the  spot,  but 
remains  of  foundations  shew  that  at  a 
period  not  very  far  distant  a  builcUng  of 
some  kind  stood  there.  The  relics  were 
found  imbedded  in  the  soil  without  any 
space  around  them,  or  any  remains  of 
masonry  or  other  contrivance  for  pre- 
serving them,  nor  do  they  appear  to  have 
been  buried  in  a  regular  order. 


160 


[Aug. 


Cortti^pontintce  of  Sglbantiti  Withnn. 


Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentleman's  M  agazinb  containing 
their  Comnmnications  mag  be  forwarded  to  them,"] 


NOTES  OF  CORONATIONS. 

Mb.  TJbban, — In  the  Library  of  Westminster  Abbey  is  a  collection  of 
forms  of  royal  consecrations,  which  is  a  sealed  volume  to  the  public,  but 
in  the  British  Museum  are  several  MSS.  which  contain  similar  informa- 
tion.    A  summary  of  some  of  these  will,  I  trust,  be  acceptable  to  your 

readers. 

I  am,  &c. 

Mackekzie  Walcott,  M.A. 

COEONATION  OP  STEPHEN. 

On  St.  Stephen's  Day,  1135,  Stephen  of  their  oath  of  allegiance,  saying  that  it 

Blois  was  crowned  king  by  the  Primate  bound  them  only  if  the  Crown  maintained 

and  the  BiBhops  of  Winton  and  Sarum,  the  privileges  of  the  Church  and  their 

hut  both   prelates  and  barons  qualified  order.     "  Pax  Domini"  was  not  g^ven. 

CORONATION  OP  RICHARD  I. 


On  September  11,  1189,  King  Richard 
I.  and  Queen  Eleanor  were  crowned  by 
Baldwin,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  A 
dreadful  portent,  not  to  be  uttered  in  a 
whisper,  occurred :  the  first  peal  was  rung 
at  compline,  by  hands  unseen,  so  that  no 
bells  chimed  for  vespers :  *'  a  presage  of 
portentous  omen,"  gravely  enough  wrote 
Richard  of  Devizes.  Roger  de  Hoveden 
was  better  employed  when  he  painted  the 
brilliant  pageant.  **  First  came  the  bishops 
and  the  abbots,  and  the  clergy  robed  in 
copes  of  silk,  the  acoly  thes,  bearing  tapers 
and  thuribles,  going  before  with  the  cross 
and  holy  water,  even  to  the  door  of  the 
King's  inner  chamber,  and  there  they  re- 
ceived the  Duke  Richard,  who  was  to  be 
crowned,  and  led  him  to  the  church  of 
Wedtminster,  up  to  the  high  altar,  with 
well-ordered  procession,  and  glorious  sing- 
ing ;  and  all  the  way  by  which  they  went 
from  the  door  of  the  King's  chamber 
to  the  high  altar  was  covered  with  Unen 
clothes.  Thb  was  the  order  of  procession : 
6 


there  came  four  barons  bearing  four  golden 
candlesticks ;  then  came  Qodfrey  de  Lucy 
carrying  the  King's  bonnet,  and  John 
Marshall  next  him,  bearing  two  golden 
spurs,  large  and  heavy ;  then  came  William 
Marechal,  Earl  de  Strigueil,  bearing  the 
King's  gold  sceptre,  and  on  the  top  thereof 
was  a  golden  cross  ;  and  William,  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  next  him  bare  a  golden  rod, 
bearing  on  the  top  a  dove  of  gold.  Then 
came  David,  the  Scotch  king's  brother. 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  and  John,  Earl  of 
Morton,  the  Duke's  brother,  and  Robert, 
Earl  of  Leicester,  bearing  three  golden 
swords  taken  from  the  King's  treasury, 
the  scabbards  thereof  being  wrought  about 
from  the  top  with  g^ld ;  and  in  the  midst 
walked  the  Earl  of  Morton.  Then  came 
fax.  earls  and  six  barons,  carrying  upon 
their  shoulders  one  cushion,  exceeding 
large,  and  upon  it  were  laid  the  King's 
ornaments  and  his  robes.  Then  came  Wil- 
liam Mandeville,  Earl  of  Albemarle,  car- 
rying the  great  and  heavy  crown  of  gold. 


I860.] 


Notes  of  Coronations. 


161 


on    every   side    adorned    with    precious 
Btones. 

"Then  came  Richard,  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, and  Hugh  of  Durham  on  his 
right  hand,  and  Reginald,  Bishop  of  Bath, 
went  on  his  left  hand;  and  four  barons 
bare  over  them  a  canopy  of  silk  upon  four 
tall  staves,  and  all  the  multitude  of  the 
earls,  and  barons,  and  knights,  and  others, 
clerks  and  laymen,  followed  into  the  court 
of  the  church,  and,  robed,  went  up  with 
the  Duke  into  the  choir.  When  the  Duke 
came  unto  the  altar  in  the  presence  of  the 
archbishops,  and  bishops,  and  clergy,  and 
people,  kneeling  down  on  his  knees  before 
the  altar,  the  Holy  Gospels  being  laid 
thereon,  and  the  reliques  of  many  Sidnts, 
as  the  custom  is,  he  sware  that  he  would 
bear  peace,  and  honour,  and  reverence  to 
God  and  holy  Church,  and  her  ordinances, 
all  the  days  of  his  life.  Then  ho  sware  to 
administer  true  justice  and  equity  to  the 
people  committed  to  his  charge.  Then  he 
sware  that  he  would  destroy  evil  laws  and 
wicked  customs  whatsoever  which  had 
been  brought  into  the  realm,  and  would 
make  good  laws,  and  keep  them  without 
guile  or  an  evil  mind.  Then  they  disrobed 
him  of  all  save  the  shirt  which  he  had  on 
him,  and  his  drawers  upon  his  legs,  and 
the  shirt  was  unsown  upon  his  shoulders ; 
then  they  shod  him  with  sandals  worked 
with  gold ;  then  Baldwin,  the  Archbishop  of 
\  Canterbury,  pouring  holy  oil  upon  his  head, 
anointed  him  king  in  three  places,  on  the 
head,  and  the  breast,  and  the  arms,  (which 
signifteth  glory,  and  courage,  and  wisdom,) 
with  the  prayers  appointed  for  this  office. 
Then  the  said  Archbishop  did  lay  upon 
his  head  a  hallowed  linen  cloth,  and  the 
bonnet  upon  it  which  Godfrey  de  Lucy 
had  borne.  Then  they  put  upon  him  his 
royal  robes,  the  tunic  first,  and  then  the 
dalmatic ;  then  the  Archbishop  delivered 
unto  him  the  sword  of  the  kingdom  to  re- 
strain the  wrongdoers  against  the  Church ; 
then  two  earls  placed  upon  his  heels  the 
spurs  which  John  Marshall  carried ;  then 


they  put  on  the  mantle,  and  so  he  was 
led  to  the  altar ;  and  there  the  aforesaid 
Archbishop  forbade  him,  on  behalf  of  the 
Almighty  God,  that  he  should  not  take  to 
him  this  honour  unless  he  was  purposed 
in  bis  heart  to  observe  the  aforesaid  oaths 
and  vows,  which  he  had  made,  inviolate; 
and  he  made  answer  for  himstlf, that ' by 
the  help  of  God  so  he  would  keep  them 
without  guile.'  llien  he  took  the  crown 
from  off  the  altar,  and  gave  it  unto  the 
Archbishop,  and  the  Archbishop  delivered 
it  unto  him,  and  set  it  upon  his  head,  and 
two  earls  did  bear  it,  foranmuch  as  it  was 
of  great  weight.  Then  the  Archbishop 
delivered  the  King's  sceptre  into  his  right 
hand,  and  the  King's  rod  into  his  left 
hand ;  and  the  King  thus  crowned  was  \ 
led  to  his  seat  by  the  Bishops  of  Durham  I 
and  Bath,  the  taper-bearers  going  before, 
and  they  who  carried  the  three  swords 
also. 

"  Then  was  begun  the  mass  of  the  Lord, 
and,  when  it  came  to  the  offertory,  the 
aforesaid  Bishops  led  him  unto  the  altar, 
and  he  offered  one  mark  of  the  purest 
gold,  for  such  an  oblation  becometh  a  king 
at  his  coronation,  and  the  Bishops  afore- 
said led  him  back  to  his  chair.  But  when 
the  mass  was  celebrated,  and  all  was 
rightly  done,  the  two  Bishops,  one  on  the 
right  hand  and  the  other  on  the  left,  led 
him  back,  crowned,  and  bearing  his  sceptre 
in  his  right  hand,  and  his  royal  rod  in  his 
left  hand,  from  the  church  unto  his  cham- 
ber, the  procession,  ordered  as  above,  going 
before.  Then  the  procession  returned  back 
into  the  choir,  and  my  Lord  the  King  laid 
aside  his  royal  crown  and  his  royal  robes, 
and  received  a  lighter  crown  and  lighter 
robes ;  and  so  crowned,  he  went  to  dinner, 
and  the  archbishops  and  bishops  sat  with 
him  at  the  table,  each  according  to  his 
order  and  his  dignity.  The  earls  and 
barons  served  in  the  king's  house  accord- 
ing as  their  qualities  demanded.  The 
citizens  of  London  served  at  the  bakery, 
and  the  citizens  of  Winton  in  the  kitchen.'* 


CORONATION  OP  ELIZABETH  OF  YORK. 

Oh  St.  Katharine's  Day,  1487,  was  Eli-  a  lace  before  the  mantle  in  her  hair,  a 

zabeth  apparelled  in  a  kirtle  and  a  mantle  surcoat  of   gold,  richly    g^amished  with 

of  purple  velvety  furred  with  ermines,  ¥rith  pearl  and  precious  stones;  and  bo  being 
Gkht.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  x 


163 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Aug. 


apparelled,  my  Lady  Cecil  bearing  her 
train,  she  went  forth  of  Westminster  Hall, 
and  there  stood  ander  a  cloth  of  estate 
unto  the  time  when  the  procession  was 
ordered,  from  which  place  to  the  pulpit 
in  Westminster  Church  she  went  upon 
new  ray -cloth;  and  all  the  day  from 
thenceforth  the  Barons  of  the  Cinque 
Ports  bare  the  canopy  according  to  their 
privilege,  and  the  order  of  this  procession 
as  ensueth. 

First  esquires  proceed  and  knights  fol- 
lowing them,  and  after  them  went  the 
new  knights,  well  beseen  in  divers  silks, 
every  man  as  him  best  liked  after  his 
degree;  and  after  them  the  barons  and 
other  estates  in  order  as  they  were,  the 
heralds  on  every  side  of  the  procession, 
and    8ergeant9-of-arms   to    make    room; 
then  followed  abbots,  and  next  bishops,  in 
pontificalihus,  to  the  number  of  fifteen 
bishops  besides  [sixteen]  abbots;    where 
the  Bishop  of  \yacaf\  bare  St.  Edward's 
chalice,  the  Bishop  of  Norwich  bare  the 
paten:    before  these   prelates  went  the 
monks  of  Westminster,  all  in  albes,  and 
the  King's  chapel*  following  them;  and 
next  the  Queen,  of  all  the  bishops  went 
the  Archbishop  of  York,  except  the  Bishop 
of  Winchester  and  the   Bishop  of  Ely, 
which  went  on  either  hand  the  Queen 
under  the  canopy  to  sustain  her  Grace ; 
and  after  tbe  Archbishop  of  York  was 
Garter  King  of  Heralds,  and  the  Mayor 
of  London  next  before  the  constable  and 
marshal  before  rebearsed,  and  next  unto 
the  Earl  of  Arundel,  bearing  the  ivory 
virge,  with  a  dove  on  the  top ;  and  after 
him   the   Duke  of  Suffolk,   bearing   the 
sceptre;  then  the  Earl  of  Oxford,  Great 
Chamberlain,  in  his  parliamentary  robes, 
having  in  his  hHuds  the  staff  of  his  office ; 
and  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  bareheaded,  in 
his  robes  of  estate,  bearing  a  rich  crown 
of  gold.     Then  followed  the  Queen,  ap- 
parelled as  is  afore  rehearsed,  and  next 
her  my  Lady  Cecil,  which  bare  her  train, 
and  next  her  following  the    Duchess  of 
Bedford,  and  other  duchesses  and  coun- 
tesses, apparelled  in  mantles  and  surcoats 
of  scarlet,  furred    and  powdered;    the 

*  Le.  the  choir  of  the  Chapel  BoyaL 


duchesses  having  on  their  heads  a  coronal 
of  gold,  richly  g^arnished  with  pearls  and 
precious  stones ;  and  the  countesses  had  on 
their  heads  circlets  of  gold  in  like  manner 
garnished,  as  doth  appear  in  the  book  of 
pictures  thereof  made ;  but  the  more  pity 
there  was  so  great  a  number  of  people 
inordinately  pressing  to  cut  her  ray'cloth, 
that  the  Queen  went  upon,  that  in  the 
press  certain  persons  were  slain,  and  the 
order  of  the  ladies  following  the  Queen 
was  broken  and  disturbed.  ' 

The  Queen's  grace  thus  coming  forth, 
when  she  came  to  the  entry  of  the  west 
door  of  the  church  of  Westminster,  there 
was    said    by    the    [yacaf]    tliis  orison, 
"Omnipotens    Deus,"    &c.;     and    that 
done,  she  proceeded  through  the  choir 
unto    the   pulpit,  wherein  was  a  stage 
royally  dressed  with  cloth  of  gold   and 
cushious  accordingly ;  and  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  there  being  present  and 
ranged  as  appertuneth  to  the  celebration 
of  the  mass,  received  the  Queen,  coming 
from  the  royal  seat,  with  the  lords  bearing 
her  crown,  sceptre,   and    rod,  and    the 
bishops  sustaining  her  as  is  above  said, 
and  the  choir  before  the  high  altar  was 
honourably  dressed  and  arrayed  with  car- 
pets and  cushions  of  estate,  whereupon  the 
Queen  prostrated  herself  before  the  Arch- 
bishop, whilst  he  said  over  her  this  orison, 
"  Deus  soles,"  etc. ;  and  that  done,  she 
arose  and  kueeled,  and  my  Lady  [Cedl  ?] 
took  her  circle  from  her  head,  and  the 
Archbbhop  opened  her  breast  and  anointed 
her  twice ;  first  in  the  former  part  of  her 
Lead,  aud,  secondly,  in  her  breast,  saying 
the  words,   "  In  Nomine    Patris,"  etc. ; 
"  Prosit  tibi  heec  unctio ;"  with  this  orison, 
"  Omnipotens,  sempiterne  Deus ;"  and  that 
done,  the  said  lady  closed  her  breast ;  and 
following  the  said  Archbishop  blessed  her 
ring,  saying  this  orison,  "Creator,"  etc., 
and  cast  holy  water  upon  it,  and  then  put 
this  ring  upon  the  fourth  finger  of  the 
Queen's  right  hand,  saying  these  words, 
Accipe    annulum,"   etc.;  and    he  said, 
Dominus  vobiscum,"  with    this  collect 
Deus,  cijus,"  etc. ;  then  after  the  said 
Archbbhop  blessed   the  Queen's  crown, 
saying,   "Oremus,  Dens  Tuorum,"  etc.; 
and  that  done,  be  set  the  crown  upon  the 


(( 


(4 


(4 


I860.]        Is  it  riffht  to  speak  of  " Archbishop  Becket"  ? 


163 


Queen's  head,  whereupon  was  a  coif  put 
by  my  said  lady,  for  the  consecration  of 
the  holy  unction  which  is  afterwards  to 
be  delivered  unto  the  said  Archbishop, 
saying  these  words,  "  Officium ;"  and  then 
he  delivered  unto  the  Queen  a  sceptre  into 
her  right  hand,  and  a  rod  in  her  left  hand, 
saying  this  orison,  *'  Omnium  Deus,"  etc. 

The  Queen  thus  crowned  was  led  by  the 
above  said  Bishops  up  into  the  seat  of  her 
estate,  and  whilst   the  offertory  was  in 
playing  of  the  organs,  she  was  led  crowned 
from  her  seat  royal  by  the  said  two  Bishops 
unto  the  high  altar,  her  sceptre  and  rod 
of  gold  borne  before  her,  as  it  is  aforesaid ; 
then  the  Archbishop  turned  his  face  to 
the  Queen-ward.    And  after  this,  as  be- 
fore, the  Queen  was  brought  up  again  to 
her  seat  royal  of  estate,  where  she  sat  still 
until  "  Agnus  Dei"  was  begun,  and  after- 
wards "  Per  omnia  ssecula  sseculomm ;"  he 
turned  him  to  the  Queen,  blessing  her 
with  this  orison,  "  Omnipotens  Deus,  cris- 
matnm,"  etc.,  whereunto  the  Queen  an- 
swered, "  Amen."    In  the  time  of  "  Agnus 
Dei"  being  sung,  the  pax  was  brought  to 
the  Queen  by  the  Bishop  of  Worcester, 
who  brought  the  book;  and  when  the 
Queen  had  kissed  it  she  descended  and 
came  to  the  high  altar,  and  had  the  towel 
holden  before  her  by  two  bishops,  and 
there  she  lowly  inclined  herself  to  the 


ground,  saying  her  "  Confiteor,"  etc.,  the 
prelates  saying  **  Misereatur  vestri,"  etc., 
and  the  Archbishop  g^ve  her  absolution ; 
and  then  the  Queen,  somewhat  raising 
herself,  received  the  blessed  sacrament; 
and  this  reverently  accomplished,  the 
Queen  returned  unto  her  seat  royal,  and 
there  abided  until  the  mass  was  done. 

Her  Grace,  accompanied  with  many 
prelates  and  many  nobles,  descended  from 
her  seat  royal  of  estate,  and  went  unto 
the  high  altar,  where  the  said  Archbishop, 
arrayed  in  pontificals  as  he  said  mass 
withal,  the  minister  of  the  altar  before 
him,  went  before  the  altar  of  the  shrine  of 
St.  Edward  the  King ;  and  after  him  fol- 
lowed all  other  prelates  and  lords:  and 
the  QuQien's  Grace  coming  before  the  said 
altar,  the  Archbishop  took  the  crown  from 
her  head,  and  set  it  upon  the  same  altar. 
And  in  the  aforesud  church  was  ordained 
a  goodly  stage,  covered  and  well  beseen 
with  cloths  of  arras,  and  well- latticed, 
wherein  was  the  King's^Grace,  my  lady 
his  mother,  and  a  goodly  sight  of  ladies 
and  gentlewomen  attending  upon  her,  as 
my  Lady  Margaret  Poole,  daughter  to 
the  Duke  of  Clarence,  and  many  others. 
And  when  the  divine  service  was  thus 
solemnly  ended,  and  all  done,  the  Queen 
returned  unto  her  palace,  with  all  her 
goodly  and  royal  company. 


CORONATION  OF  EDWARD  VI. 
At  the  coronation  of  the  young  heir  of     royal  slipper  for  the  first,  and,  happily,  the 
Henry  VIII.,  it  appears  that  kissing  the     last,  time  formed  part  of  the  ceremonial 


rv 


IS  IT  RIGHT  TO  SPEAK  OP 

Mb.  Ubbaw,  —  While  preparing  the 
Life  of  Becket  which  was  reviewed  in 
your  number  for  January,  I  somewhere 
read  a  denial  that  the  person  who  is 
the  subject  of  the  book  had  ever  borne 
the  name  by  which  I  have  called  him.  I 
have  quite  forgotten  where  this  denial 
appeared;  but  at  all  events  it  did  not 
seem  to  me  worth  notice.  Since  the  pub- 
lication of  my  volume,  however,  the  same 
doctrine — or,  at  least,  the  expression  of 
a  strong  doubt  on  the  subject — has  met 
my  eye  successively  in  "The  Saturday 


"ARCHBISHOP  BECKET"! 

Review,"  "  The  Guardian,"  "  The  National 
Review,"  and  "  The  English  Churchman;" 
and,  although  I  suspect  that  in  the  first 
three  of  these  I  have  to  do  with  one  and 
the  same  critical  Cerberus*,  the  number 

•  The  "  Saturday  Review"  article  which  is 
here  alluded  to,— a  notice  of  Mr.  Morris's  "  Life 
of  St  Thomas,"  (vol.  ix.  p.  187,)— is  evidently  by  a 
different  hand  from  the  very  favourable  criticism 
on  my  own  book,  (vol.  viii.  p.  740).  [Since  this 
letter  was  written,  the  critic  whom  I  before 
suspected  of  having  repeated  himielf  in  so  many 
places  has  apparently  broken  out  in  a  fourth, 
namely  the  »*  Edinburgh  Review,"  where  Becket 


164 


Correspondence  of  8ylvanu$  Urban. 


[Aug. 


and  the  very  remarkable  variety  of  the 
organs  through  which  he  has  nttered  his 
opinion  might  impose  on  simple  readers 
almost  as  much  as  the  confidence  of  his 
tone.  And  he  has  found  such  a  reader  in 
"  The  English  Churchman,"  who,  although 
he  writes  of  me  in  a  more  courteous  spirit, 
shews  unmistakeable  traces  of  acquaint- 
ance with  some  part,  at  least,  of  the 
earlier  articles,  and  has  evidently  been 
inspired  by  them  when  he  tells  me  that 
*'  to  persist  in  designating  the  Archbishop" 
by  the  name  of  Becket  is  a  "  defiance  of 
legitimate  history*'."  In  answer  to  this 
charge  I  should  be  glad  to  have  the  op- 
portunity of  saying  something  for  myself 
in  your  pages. 

I.  That  the  Archbishop's  father  was 
sumamed  Becket  appears  from  unques- 
tionable evidence: — *•  Pater  ejus  Gilbertus, 
cog^omento  Beket,"  says  Edward  Grim, 
(S.  Thom.  Cantuar.,  ed.  Migne,  col.  3.)  "  E 
Gilebert  Beket  fu  sis  pere  apelez,"  writes 
the  metrical  biographer  Gamier;  and  so, 
too,  the  Lambeth  "  Anonymus "  styles 
the  finther  "  Gilbertus  quidam  cognomento 
Becchet."  (S.  T.  C,  278.)  The  surname 
appears  to  have  been  not  uncommon ;  for 
Dr.  Lappenberg  has  produced,  from  the 
printed  records  alone,  six  instances  of  per- 
sons who  bore  it  between  1180  and  1214, 
(note  in  Pauli,  Oeseh,  von  England,  iii.  14). 
And  that  it  was  9l  family  name  may  be  in- 
ferred, not  only  from  this  frequent  occur- 
rence, but  more  particularly  from  the  fact 
that  in  one  document  two  Beckets  are 
mentioned  together,  the  one  of  them  being 
surety  for  the  other,  (Rotuli  Litt.  Patent., 
125,  6,  ed.  Hardy,  Lond.  1835).  The  only 
reason  for  doubt  whether  the  Archbishop 
inherited  the  name  appears  to  be  that  we 
do  not  find  it  given  to  him  by  the  old 
biographers  or  chroniclers  except  on  one 
occasion,  viz.  when  his  murderers,  on  en- 
tering the  cathedral  in  pursuit  of  him, 
asked,  "Where  is  the  traitor  Thomas 
Becket  ?"    But  the  non-occurrence  of  the 


is  mentioned  in  an  article  on  Dr.  Vaaghan's 
*»  Revolutions  in  English  History."  Perhaps  I 
eonld  even  name  a  fifth  periodical  in  which 
he  has  tamed  his  reading  on   the  subject  to 

•OCOQBt.] 

k  «  English  Churchman,"  June  28, 1860. 


name  throughout  the  rest  of  his  history  is 
sufficiently  explained  by  the  circumstance 
that,  from  the  time  when  he  became  con- 
spicuous, he  was  known  by  the  official 
titles  of  archdeacon,  chancellor,  or  arch- 
bishop, and  thus  his  surname  was  for  a 
time  superseded.  The  name  of  Becket  was, 
indeed,  chosen  by  the  murderers  with  the 
intention  of  insulting  him,  just  as  Charles  I. 
of  England  and  Louis  XVI.  of  France  in 
their  adversity  were  spoken  of  by  their 
family  names ;  but,  as  in  those  cases,  the 
name  used  by  way  of  derision  was  a  real 
hereditary  surname.  And  with  this  view 
agrees  the  fact  mentioned  by  Mr.  Morris, 
(pp.  386, 387, 442,)  that  two  centuries  after 
the  Archbishop's  time  there  were  Beckets 
in  the  north  of  Italy,  who  claimed  descent 
firom  some  of  his  banished  relations. 

II.  Even  if  it  be  allowed  that  the  Arch- 
bishop's name  was  Becket,  however,  we 
are  told  that  a  modern  writer  ought  not 
to  call  him  by  that  name,  inasmuch  as  his 
own  contemporaries  did  not.  "  The  best 
way,"  says  the  "Saturday"  reviewer, 
'*  would  be  to  call  him  simply  Archbishop 
Thomas,  just  as  we  say  Archbishop  Theo- 
bald ;  or,  if  it  be  liked  better,  historically, 
St.  Thomas."  And  as  "  Thomas"  or  "  St. 
Thomas"  he  figures  accordingly,  not  only 
in  the  "Saturday  Review,"  but  in  the 
high- Anglican  newspaper  and  in  the  scep- 
tical quarterly  periodical,  between  which 
there  is  in  this  case  such  a  striking  re- 
semblance. But  surely  the  doctrine  that 
we  ought  to  be  guided  by  the  practice  of 
contemporaries  in  this  matter,  has  been 
very  inconsiderately  laid  down ;  for  in  the 
case  of  such  other  prelates  as  can  be  dis- 
tinguished by  family  names,  an  opposite 
rule  is  observed.  During  his  tenure  of 
office,  an  archbishop  or  a  bishop  is  rarely 
called  by  his  surname ;  but  if  he  resign  his 
see,  the  surname  becomes  his  legal  desig- 
nation; or  if  he  die,  although  for  a  time 
he  may  be  occasionally  styled  "the  hjde 
Archbishop  or  Bishop  of **  the  sur- 
name soon  comes  to  be  exclusively  used  in 
speaking  of  him.  The  instance  of  Theo- 
bald is  no  parallel  to  that  of  Becket, 
(1),  because  Theobald  is  not  known  to  have 
had  any  family  name;  and  (2),  because 
his  Christian  name,  being  unique  among 


I860.] 


The  Guildhall,  Chichester. 


165 


archbishops  of  Canterbury,  is  anfficient  to 
distinguish  him,  whereas  many  archbishops 
of  Canterbury  have  borne  the  name  of 
Thomas.  Those  who  object  to  our  speak- 
ing of  Becket  by  his  surname  have  not, 
in  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  any  scruple  as 
to  calling  his  opponent,  the  Bishop  of 
London,  Foliot  rather  than  Oilbert,  or  as 
to  styling  any  later  Tliomas  of  Canter- 
bury—  Bradwardine,  Arundel,  Cranmer, 
or  Tenison,  for  example — by  his  family 
name.  Nor  would  there,  probably,  have 
been  any  scruple  in  the  case  of  Becket, 
but  for  the  peculiarity  of  his  history — that 
he  was  first  canonized  by  a  pope,  and  then, 
by  the  authority  of  the  State,  was  violently 


ejected  from  the  English  Calendar.  In 
cases,  indeed,  where  it  is  intended  to  re- 
present the  usage  of  the  Archbishop's  con- 
temporaries, a  modem  writer  ought  to 
style  him  Thomas ;  and  this  I  have  always 
been  careful  to  do.  I  believe,  however, 
that  to  forego  the  use  of  his  family  name, 
when  speaking  in  my  own  person,  would 
not  only  be  a  very  inconvenient  affecta- 
tion, but  would  even  be  incorrect,  because 
against  the  analogy  of  our  usual  practice 
as  to  episcopal  names. — I  am.  Sec,, 

J.  C.  ROBEBTSOK. 

PrecincUt  Canterhuty, 
July,  7, 1860. 


THE  GUILDHALL,  CHICHESTER. 


Mb.  Ubban, — I  daresay  your  attention 
may  have  been  directed  before  to  the  state 
in  which  the  old  building  (now  called  the 
Guildhall)  in  the  Priory  Park  at  Chichester 
is  kept ;  but  I  had  occasion  to  visit  that 
town  for  a  few  days  last  week,  and  among 
other  relics  of  antiquity  visited  this  most 
interesting  piece  of  thirteenth -century 
-work,  and  was  so  surprised  and  indignant 
at  the  abominable  way  in  which  it  is  now 
treated,  that  I  consider  I  can  do  no  harm 
by  attracting  your  notice  to  it  again. 

The  building  stands  in  the  middle  of  a 
spacious  quadrangle,  surrounded  by  walls, 
and  appears  to  have  been  formerly  the 
chapel  of  the  Franciscans,  who  had  a 
priory  here  in  the  thirteenth  century. 
It  is  about  80  feet  long  by  30  feet  wide, 
without  aisles,  and  the  roof  of  timber, 
(now  plastered  over,)  with  moulded  ribs 
occasionally  and  plates.  There  are  five 
windows  on  each,  side,  of  ten  lights,  with 
quatrefoils  in  the  heads  and  drop-arches 
inside.  In  the  exterior,  buttresses  are 
placed  between  the  side  windows.  The 
east  window  is  of  five  lights,  shafted  inside, 
with  floriated  caps.  At  the  opposite  end 
is  a  large  moulded  arch  with  shafts  in  the 
jambs,  now  filled  in,  having  a  door  in  the 
centre,  and  above  it  a  window  similar  to 
the  side  lights;  so  that  it  would  appear 
that  the  building  had  extended  still  further 
at  one  period.  There  are  some  arches  in 
one  of  the  side  walls,  hardly  distinguish- 
able now  among  the  fittings  and  stairs. 


The  east  end  is  partitioned  off  into 
offices  of  the  meanest  kind,  and  the  centre 
taken  up  with  circular  galleries,  tables, 
and  seats,  with  three  principal  places  at 
the  eastern  part  for,  I  suppose,  the  judges 
or  mayors. 

I  find  in  Dallaway's  "History  of  Sussex" 

the  following  account  of  the  btdlding : — 

"  Upon  the  demolition  of  the  castle,  by 
order  of  King  John,  the  site  was  given  to 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  the  Holy  Tbinity 
in  Chichester,  by  William  de  Albini,  the 
third  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Sussex,  with 
the  intention  of  establishing  there  a  hos- 
pital for  poor  and  sick  persons.  This  plan 
was  superseded,  and  another  adopted  by 
the  bishops,  Who  placed  there  Franciscans 

or  Mendicants  about  the  year  1240 

It  is  not  improbable  that  the  chapel,  which 
is  upon  so  capacious  a  plan  as  to  contain 
82  feet  in  length,  31  feet  in  breadth,  and 
42  feet  in  height,  was  erected  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  last  earl  of  the  family  of 
De  Albini .  .  .  Near  the  altar  were  tombs, 
placed  under  arcades.  Nothing  more  is 
known  of  its  history,  during  y"  time  in 
which  it  flourished,  but  at  y*  suppression 
it  fell  into  the  King's  hands,  and  the 
whole  site  of  buildings  was  sold  in  1541  to 
the  mayor  and  burgesses  of  the  city,  which 
was  confirmed  to  them  by  x^yal  patent. 
The  chapel  was  then  used  as  their  Guild- 
hall, for  y*  publick  meetings  of  y«  city, 
and  the  County  Quarter  Sessions.  The 
house,  or  friary,  which  was  large  and  had 
a  cloyster,  perfect  in  the  last  century,  was 
then  leased  out  for  a  certain  term  of  years. 
In  1544  it  was  demised  to  G.  Goryngc, 
Esq.  (at  an  annual  rent  of  £6  138.  4d.) 
In  1736,  it  was  leased  to  W.  P.  Williams, 


166 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Aug. 


Esq.,  y"  celebrated  Law  Reporter,  whose 
8011,  Hatching  Williams,  created  baronet 
in  1747,  purchased  of  y*  Corporation  a 
lease  of  1,000  years  for  dB800,  of  which 
the  sum  of  £600  was  applied  in  discharge 
of  a  mortgage  to  the  mayor  and  approved 
men  of  Guildford.  Upon  the  death  of  Sir 
Booth  Williams  it  passed  by  will  to  his 
relict,  sister  of  Dr.  Fonnereau  of  Ipswich, 
to  whom  it  was  likewise  devised,  and  was 
■old  to  the  present  priprietor.  Vice- Ad- 
miral Henry  Frankland,  who  has  removed 
every  vestige  of  its  antient  form,  and  con- 
verted it  into  a  modem  hoose.  .  .  .  After 
the  siege  (a.d.  1642-3),  Sir  William  WaUer 
made  the  Ch*ey  Friars  his  head  quarters." 

From  what  I  gathered  on  the  spot,  I 
found  that  the  building  was  now  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  and  was 
only  used  at  elections,  where  the  members 
first  meet,  and  then  adjourn  to  the  town. 

Setting  entirely  aside  the  fact  of  the 
present  treatment  of  the  building  being 
a  flagrant  act  of  desecration  and  sacrilege, 
I  feel  certain  that  a  love  and  veneration 
for  the  things  of  the  past  will  rouse  a  just 
indignation  in  the  hearts  of  many  of  your 
readers  when  they  learn  that  this  fine  old 


structure  is  suffered  to  go  to  decay,  and 
consigned  to  such  miserable  and  degrading 
uses:  the  cry  is  very  general  and  very 
urgent  that  there  is  a  great  want  of 
churches  at  the  present  time,  and  clergy- 
men made  this  an  excuse  for  opening 
theatres  and  concert-rooms  on  Sundays; 
but  it  appears  to  me  that  in  Chichester, 
at  all  events,  there  is  a  fine  opportunity  to 
increase  the  church  accommodation  by 
clearing  away  the  rubbish  and  filthy  ac- 
cumulations inside  this  old  chapel,  and  re- 
storing it  to  its  ancient  grandeur.  Surely 
it  is  not  of  so  much  value  to  the  Mayor 
and  Corporation,  that  it  needs  to  be  kept 
in  the  way  it  is,  (perfectly  useless  to  any- 
body,) for  a  meeting  once  in  three  years, 
or  perhaps  more ;  and  they  would  be  con- 
ferring a  benefit  upon  their  fellow- citizens 
if  they  were  to  rescue  this  sacred  edifice 
from  so  abominable  a  condition. 

I  am,  &c., 

Edmund  SBDDnra. 

10,  Carlisle  •street,  Soho-square, 
June  12, 1860. 


LA  PRETENDUE  DECOUVERTE  lyUN  AUTEL  DRUIDIQUE. 


MovsiEUB  LE  DiEECTEUE,— Dans  votre 
Num^ro  du  mois  de  Mai,  1860,  (p.  449,) 
Yous  racontez,  d'apr^s  VEcho  du  Nord,  la 
pr^tendue  decouverte  d'un  autel  druidique 
qui  aurait  eu  lien  aux  environs  de  Lille. 

Un  de  vos  correspondants,  homme  pru- 
dent et  sens^,  a  cru  devoir  ^mettre 
quelques  doutes  k  ce  snjet  dans  le  Num^ro 
du  mois  de  Juin  (p.  639),  et  il  a  eu  la 
bonte  d'en  appeler  &  moi  pour  savoir  si  je 
pourrais  vous  renseigner  sur  un  aussi  in« 
t^ressant  objet. 

Je  n'avais,  je  Tavoue,  attach^  aucune 
importance  k  cette  decouverte,  qui  me 
paraissait  trop  belle  pour  dtre  vraie.  Mais, 
sur  Tappel  que  vous  avez  bien  voulu  m'a- 
dresser,  j'ai  pris  &  Lille  quelques  renseigne- 
ments  qui  edifieront  compUtement  vos 
lecteurs.  Je  me  suis  adresse  i  mon  ami, 
M.  Girardin,  chimiste  dbtingu^,  et  Doyen 
de  la  Faculty  des  Sciences  de  Lille.    Voici 


les  quelques  mots  qu'il  a  bien  voulu  me 
r^pondre  le  6  Juillet  dernier : — 

"Mon  cheb  Abbe  et  ami, — ^Votre  lettre 
m'est  parvenue  alors  que  j'dtais  i  Douai 
pour  assister  aux  stances  du  Conseil  aca- 
d^mique,  dont  j'ai  Thonneur  de  faire  partie, 
en  ma  quality  de  doyen,  avec  Nos  Seig- 
neurs rArchevk[ue  de  Cambrai  et  I'Ev^ne 
d' Arras. 

"A  mon  retour  &  Lille,  il  m'a  fallu 
prendre  des  renseignements  et  les  con- 
tr61er  les  uns  par  les  autres. 

"  Le  resume  de  mes  recherches  au  sujet 
de  Tannonce  de  VEcho  du  Nord,  c*est  que 
c'est  un  poisson  d'Avril  sous  la  forme  d'un 
canard  qn'on  a  servi  aus  antiquaires.  Je 
ne  devine  pas  trop  la  plaisanterie,  mais 
enfin  c'est  un  specimen  de  la  joviality  de 
MM.  les  joumalistes  Lillois.  'Ab  uno 
disce  omnes.' " 

Agr^ez,  Monsieur  le  Directeur, 

Tassurance  de  mon  respect, 

L*Abbb  Cochet. 

Dieppe,  le  10  JuUlet,  1860. 


I860.] 


167 


HISTOEICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Our  English  Home :  its  early  JStstory 
and  Progress.  With  Notes  on  the  Intro- 
duction  of  Domestic  Inventions,  (Oxford 
and  LoDdon:  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.) — 
This  is  a  very  pleasant  little  work,  in 
which  a  vast  variety  of  interesting  mat- 
ters is  brought  together.  The  disco- 
veries of  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare  on  the  Wilt- 
shire downs  are  shewn  to  afford  proof 
that  our  British  ancestors  had  some  of 
the  comforts  of  "home/* — "the  sweetest 
word  in  the  English  language/'  as  our 
author  justly  calls  it;  these  were  im- 
proved on  by  the  Anglo-Saxons,  and  still 
more  by  the  Normans,  who,  however, 
have  usually  the  credit  of  devising  many 
matters,  which  they  only  borrowed  from 
their  predecessors.  Then  came  the  Cru- 
sades, and  numberless  changes,  "a  taste 
for  the  spices,  the  sugars,  the  silken  fa- 
brics, and  the  elegant  luxuries  of  the 
East/'  which  from  age  to  age  spread  more 
widely  until  the  English  home  reached  its 
zenith  of  Gothic  splendour  in  the  age  of 
the  Tudors.  From  that  period  to  the 
present  the  changes  have  been  equally 
great,  but  they  have  been  in  a  different 
direction ;  we  have  less  magnificence,  but 
more  comfort,  and  that,  too,  extending  to 
classes  which  once  had  no  pretension  to 
either. 

The  various  steps  of  these  changes  are 
graphically  traced,  in  the  early  ages  espe- 
cially, by  reference  to  illuminated  MSS. 
and  records,  enlivened  by  many  pleasant 
snatches  from  the  old  romances,  as  the 
Life  of  Alisaundre,  Sir  Bevis,  Richard 
Cceur-de-Lion,  &c.,  &c.,  piquant  extracts 
from  Froissart,  and  gleanings  from  House- 
hold Books,  Wardrobe  Accounts,  Liberate 
liolls,  &c,  &c  Much  of  the  information  has 
already  been  supplied  to  Mr.  Parker's 
"Domestic  Architecture,"  but  even  the 
possessors  of  that  valuable  work  will  be 
glad  to  have  so  convenient  a  resumS  of 
the  household,  as  opposed  to  the  archi- 
tectural portion;  and  those  who  have  it 
not,  will  meet  with  numberless  matters 


that  will  be  new  to  them,  told  in  a  light, 
pleasant  style,  of  which  we  will  offer  a 
few  specimens. 

Though  in  all  ages  the  ladies  seem  to 
have  had  something  like  private  sitting- 
rooms,  it  is  not  until  the  time  of  the 
Tudors  that  the  master  of  the  house  with- 
drew himself  from  the  hall.  The  removal 
was  murmured  at,  as  betokening  a  decay 
of  hospitality,  but  it  was  effected  never- 
theless, and  we  soon  have  the  germs  at 
least  of  a  well-appointed  mansion  of  the 
present  day,  though  the  mingling  of 
kitchen  and  sitting-room  shewn  in  the  pot 
on  the  parlour  fire  and  the  silver  ftying- 
pan  and  gridiron  have  an  odd  effect : — 

"ITie  fixed  stove  is  a  comparatively 
modem  invention,  whilst  the  fender  is  an 
introduction  of  the  sixteenth  century.  We 
find  it  in  Tudor  homes :  among  the  fur- 
niture belonging  to  Henry  YIII.  was  'one 
harthe  of  iron,  being  but  a  forepart,  with 
two  sides  tynned,  and  all  over  wroughte 
in  divers  places  with  iintiqne  worke*;* 
but  they  are  rarely  met  with  in  ancient 
inventories,  and  were  seldom  more  than  a 
mere  band  of  iron.  In  one  of  the  cham- 
bers at  Goodrich  Court  is  a  reredos  and 
dogs  of  iron,  with  a  fender  of  brass  bear- 
ing the  date  1605  •'.  A  set  of  fire-irons 
anciently  consisted  of  a  two- pronged  fork, 
a  pair  of  tongs,  and  a  billet-hook,  the 
'stales'  of  which  were  often  'garnished 
with  copper,  gilt  and  graven  * ;'  to  these 
were  sometimes  added  the  shovel.  The 
poker  is  an  invention  which  superseded 
the  billet- hook  on  the  general  introduc- 
tion of  coal.  As  in  the  olden  time  the 
parlour  fire  was  made  serviceable  to  the 
kitchen,  a  pot-hook  was  almost  invariably 
suspended  over  it,  on  which  to  hang  a 
kettle  of  fish  or  a  mess  of  pottage.  We 
observe  this  in  paintings  intend^  to  re- 
present the  apartments  of  princes  and 
notdes ;  a  fact  that  illustrates  the  domestic 
simplicity  of  our  ancestors,  and  was  per- 
haps the  reason  why  the  pots  and  kettles 


»  "MS.  Harl.,  1,419,  fol.  142.  a.  In  the  Soulage 
Collection  are  fenders  of  Italian  cinque  cento 
work. 

*  "  Meyrick's  Ancient  Furniture,  pi.  Iv. 

•  "  MS.  Harl.  1,419,  fol.  141.  b. 


168 


Miscellaneous  Beviews. 


[Aug. 


were  so  handsomely  decorated,  and  frying- 
pans  and  gridirons  made  of  silver.  The 
kettles  in  the  palace  at  Westminster  were 
copper-gilt,  *  the  ladles  bearing  the  royal 
armes'  of  Henry  VIII.  The  toasting- 
fork,  which  hung  on  a  nail  at  the  chimney 
side,  was  tipped  with  metal  chasing.  The 
bellows  is  not  altogether  a  modem  con- 
trivance: bellows  of  a  large  size,  similar 
to  those  used  in  our  smithies,  are  depicted 
in  mediseval  manuscripts  as  appendages 
to  the  kitchen  furnace,  and  the  bellows- 
blower  appears  in  the  list  of  the  officers  of 
the  household.  The  introduction  of  the 
hand- bellows,  however,  is  usually  attributed 
to  the  Germans  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
but  one  Nicholas  de  Yhonge,  of  Flanders, 
who  became  a  citizen  of  York  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  III.,  introduced  the  hand- 
bellows  into  domestic  use  <*.  John  Baret, 
in  1463,  leaves  to  Janet,  his  niece,  '  a  peyr 
belwys^'*  A  pair  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Parker,  of  Browsholme  Hall,  b  curi- 
ously carved,  with  a  scene  representing 
a  fox  in  a  surplice,  preaching  to  a  congre- 
gation of  birds  and  beasts.  Tradition 
says,  that  this  curious  specimen  of  fireside 
furniture  was  left  by  Henry  VI.,  with  his 
boots,  spurs,  and  glove,  at  Bolton  Hall; 
but  Sir  Samuel  Merrick,  who  has  en- 
graven it  in  his  work  on  '  Ancient  Fur- 
niture',' discredits  the  story,  and  pro- 
nounces it  of  Elizabethan  workmanship. 
It  is  certain  that  during  the  sixteenth 
century,  these  articles  of  domestic  use, 
being  intended  to  hang  by  the  parlour 
fire,  were  highly  decorated;  sometimes 
they  were  gilt  and  painted,  inlaid  with 
mother-of-pearl,  or  damascened  with  sil- 
ver. The  gussets,  fastened  with  trefoil 
bullion-headed  nails,  were  made  of  scarlet 
velvet,  and  the  nozzles  were  quaintly 
chased  and  ornamented  with  musks.  Those 
of  Flemish  or  English  make  were  more 
homely  in  design,  but  they  endeavoured 
to  compensate  for  the  roughness  of  the 
carving  by  inscribing  it  with  mottoes, 
such  as — 

**  As  the  sparks  do  upward  fly, 
Think  that  thou  hast  trouble  nigh." 

or,— 

"  Now  man  to  man  is  so  unjust, 
That  we  cannot  another  trust  f.'* 

d  •*  York  Phil.  Soc.  Proceed.,  p.  10. 

•  **  Wills  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's.  In  the  parlour 
of  the  Drapers'  Company  there  was  **a  payr 
bellus'  as  early  as  1499.  —  {HerberVs  Hist. 
Drapers^  i.  405.) 

'  "  PI.  It. 

«  •*  Nine  pairs  of  bellows  with  •  pypes  of  tynne 
plate'  are  mentioned  among  the  fireside  appur- 
tenances of  Henry  YIII. 

7 


"Nor  was  the  fireside  without  its  ele- 
gancies. It  was  often  adorned  with  screens 
of  French  and  Venetian  work,  or  with 
silken  pictures  set  in  frames  of  dark- 
grained  walnut-tree;  those  with  carved 
and  branched  feet  were  most  fashionable. 
We  read  of  screens  of  purple  tafieta, 
deeply  fringed,  standing  on  *  feet  of  tym- 
bre,'  painted  and  gilt;  others  of  wicker, 
and  smaller  ones  '  of  silke,  to  hold  gainte 
the  fyre »».' 

"  The  Parlour  Window, — From  the  il' 
luminated  manuscripts  of  the  fifteenth 
century  we  may  gain  a  tolerable  idea  of 
the  parlours  of  our  early  home ' ;  and  we 
cannot  fail  to  observe  as  an  important 
feature,  the  capacious  window  recesses, 
which  were  sometimes,  indeed,  little  rooms 
of  themselves,  and  furnished  on  each  side 
with  goodly  benches  of  stone-work.  The 
fenestrels  were  glazed  with  small,  dia- 
mond-shaped panes,  ornamented  with  the 
baron's  arms  in  proper  colours,  and  hung 
with  curtains  of  arras  or  say. 

"  Old  Bay-toifidows. — The  old  bay-win- 
dow, the  introduction  of  which  we  may  refer 
to  the  close  of  the  fourteenth  century,  be- 
came in  Tudorhomes  more  general,  from  an 
increasing  fondness  for  domestic  lite.  They 
formed  pleasant  retreats  on  summer  even- 
ings ;  there  the  damsels  would  ply  their 
distafis,  and  the  young  squires  would  seek 
them  there,  and  with  gaUant  words  make 
love,  or  check-mate  them  in  a  g^me  of 
chess.  Glazt'd  with  white  and  ruby  glass, 
when  other  windows  were  open  to  the  wind; 
curtained,  when  other  windows  were  bare ; 
carpeted,  when  other  floors  were  littered 
with  rushes,  they  became  the  favourite 
nooks  of  home,  in  which  the  sweetest  and 
happiest  moments  of  life  were  spent.  No 
wonder  that  our  forefathers  loved  them, 
and,  in  spite  of  conservative  prejudicis, 
knocking  away  the  dull,  narrow  loop-holes, 
had  *fayre  baye  windowes'  introduced 
into  the  halls  and  parlours  of  their  home''. 

"  The  Parlour  Furniture. — The  charac- 
ter of  the  parlour  furniture  varied  ^iih 
the  taste  and  habits  of  the  owner.  Benches 
or  lockers  were  the  usual  seats, — cumber- 
some pieces  of  rough  carpenter's  work 
that  half  filled  the  room ;  but  in  the  later 
period  of  the  middle  ages,  chairs  and  stools 
were  introduced  into  this  apartment.  John 
Baret  of  Bury  in  1463  left  to  his  niece 

fc  *'M8.  Harl.  1,419,  if.  56,  61,  140;  Gage's 
Hengrave,  p.  27. 

i  *'  See  five  paintings  in  MS.  Cottonian,  Aug., 
A.  V.  ff.  327,  334. 

k  ••  For  notices  of  bay-windows,  see  Wardrobe 
Account  of  Edward  IV.  in  MS.  Harl.,  4,780.  fol. 
20.  a ;  MS.  Additional,  7,099,  fol.  57. 


I860.] 


M.  Didron's  Annates  ArchSologiques. 


169 


a  chair,  and  three  footstools  with  cushions, 
thiit  were  in  his  parlour;  he  had  al-o  a 
roand  tahle,  and  other  articles  of  a  su- 
perior make ',  whijh  prove  that  the  homes 
of  the  middle  classes  were  becoming  fur- 
nished with  new  accessories  to  comfort." 

With  an  account  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
bed  we  must  conclude,  as  we  have,  we 
conceive,  cited  enough  to  induce  our 
readers  to  procure  the  work,  and  peruse 
all  the  rest  for  themselves : — 

"A  pon'lerous  four-post  bedstead  of 
ample  dimensions  was  the  solemn  glory  of 
a  Tudor  chamber.  Its  massive  pillars, 
bnlging  out  in  knobs  of  the  richest  carv- 
ing, sometimes  a  foot  and  a-half  in  dia- 
meter "*,  towered  to  the  ceiling,  and  bore  a 
prodigious  weight  of  selours,  testers,  val- 
lances,  and  hangings,  which  cast  gloom 
and  shadows  thick  upon  the  bed :  the  top 
of  each  post  was  ornamented  wi  h  a  cupid, 
the  arms  o*"  the  owner  in  metal-work,  or 
with  gilded  vanes.  One  can  understand 
how  so  many  hallucinations  arose  in  old 
time  about  haunted  chambers,  when  we 
think  of  the  solemnities  of  fly  bitten  ta- 
pestries and  groti'sque  carving  with  which 
the  occupant  of  the  'great  bed*  was  en- 
compassed. Griffins  and  monsters,  frantic 
knights  and  distressed  damsels  in  needle- 
work, clustered  thick  around  him ;  sntyrs, 
*  anticke  boys,*  and  the  wild  creations  of 
mediseval  fancy,  grinning  hideously,  were 
carved  in  fantastic  confusion  over  the 
head-board,  up  the  pillars,  and  around  the 
deep  cornices  of  the  bedstead.  We  have 
abundant  materials  descriptive  of  the  bed- 
ding in  the  royal  household,  but  of  all  the 
Tudors  none  slept  on  such  sumptuous  bods 
as  the  Virgin  Queen.  A  wardrobe  warrant 
datei  1581,  orders  the  delivery  for  the 
Queen's  use  of  a  bedst«  ad  of  walnut-tree, 
richly  carved,  painted,  and  gilt.  The 
selour,  tester,  and  vallance  were  of  cloth 
of  silver  figured  with  velvet,  lined  with 
changeable  tHffeta,  and  deeply  fringed 
with  Venice  gold,  silver,  and  silk.  The 
curtains  were  of  costly  tapesl^,  curiously 
and  elaborately  worked;  every  seam  and 
every  border  laid  with   gold  and  silver 

'  •'  Wills  and  Invent.,  Bury  St.  Edmand'n ; 
piiblinhed  by  the  Camden  Society.  The  parlour 
of  Sir  I.  Newjwr.e,  a  century  later,  was  alao  fur- 
nished with  two  forms,  two  round  tables,  a 
standing  cupboard,  two  chairs,  four  '  litel  stoles 
wrought  wt  needle worke,'  a  screen,  a  pair  of 
andirons  and  a  pair  of  bellows.— (Jf5.  Addit., 
10,128.) 

"  "MS.  Harl.,  1,419,  ff.  45,  53;  also  Lysons* 
Hag.  Brit.,  Derbyshire,  p.  29. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


lace,  caught  up  with  long  loops  and  but- 
tons of  bullion.  The  head- piece  was  of 
crimson  satin  of  Bruges,  edged  with  a 
passamaync  of  crimson  silk,  and  decorated 
with  six  ample  plumes,  containing  seven 
dozen  ostrich  feathers  of  various  coloan» 
garnished  with  golden  spangles.  The 
counterpoint  was  of  orange -coloured  satin, 
quilted  with  cutwork  of  cloths  of  gold  and 
filver,  of  satins  of  every  imaginable  tint, 
and  embroidered  with  Venice  gold,  silver 
spangles  and  coloured  silks,  fringed  to 
correspond,  and  lined  with  orange  sar- 
cenet.   A  royal  patchwork  indeed  "  V* 


Annates  Archiologiques,  Public  par 
DiDBOK  AiiTE.  Tome  XX.  liv.  1  and  2. 
January  and  April,  1860.  4ito.,  124  pp. 
and  11  plates.  (Paris.)  —  M.  Didron's 
Annates  ArchSotoffiques  are  proceeding 
with  their  usual  spirit,  and  the  two  num- 
bers before  us  are  more  than  usually  in- 
teresting to  English  readers.  The  first 
part  contains  six  papers : — 1.  On  the  Ob« 
jects  of  Art  preserved  in  the  treasury  of 
the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Stephen  at 
Troyes,  by  the  Canon  Coffinet.  This  cata- 
logue is  continued  and  completed  in  the 
second  part;  it  comprises  eighty-seven 
objects,  neatly  and  well  described  by  a 
careful  antiquary,  and  concludes  with  the 
tombs,  the  most  important  of  which  ap- 
pears to  be  the  tomb  of  Henry  I.,  Count 
of  Champagne,  of  bronze  g^lt,  with  orna- 
ments of  silver  and  enamel;  the  date  is 
of  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  of 
this  there  is  a  good  engraving. 

2.  A  review,  by  M.  Felix  de  Vemeilh, 
of  the  valuable  work  of  the  Count  Mel- 
chior  de  Vogne  on  the  churches  of  the 
Holy  Land.  This  is  a  clever  essay  by  a 
roan  well  versed  in  his  subject,  and  does 
justice  to  a  very  valuable  work,  of  which 
we  hope  shortly  to  g^ve  an  account  in  our 
own  pages. 

8.  Iconography  of  the  four  Cardinal 
Virtues,  by  M.  Didron.  This  subject  is  oon- 

•  "  MS.  Addit.,  6,751,  fol.  38.  The  counter- 
points of  the  Tudor  age  were  of  great  variety  in 
their  adornment.  We  read  of  *  counterpoyntea 
of  Scarlett,  furred  w**  fethers.'— (ifSL  Hart., 
1,419,  fol.  396.)  A  counterpoint  *of  fine  d  aper 
of  Adam  and  Eve,  garnished  rounde  about  w**  a 
narrowe  passmayne  of  Venice  gold  and  silver.*— 
{Ibid,,  fol.  175.)" 


170 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


tinued  in  this,  the  first  paper  of  the  second 
part.  As  all  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  subject  of  loonoscraphy  are  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  labours  of  M.  Didron, 
we  need  only  congratulate  them  that  he 
is  at  last  going  on  with  it,  and  these 
papers  will  evidently  form  part  of  the 
second  volume  of  the  valuable  work  of 
which  the  first  volume  appeared  several 
years  since. 

4.  On  a  Mosaic  Pavement  at  Vercelli, 
by  M.  JuUen  Durand,  with  a  plate  copied 
in  facsimile  from  an  ancient  engraving; 
it  is  work  of  the  eleventh  century.  This 
article  is  supplementary  to  a  previous  one 
by  the  same  author  in  vpl.  xv.  of  tlie 
Annates,  and  we  hope  he  will  continue 
the  subject,  and  collect  his  papers  into 
a  volume ;  he  is  evidently  master  of  his 
theme,  and  it  is  one  of  considerable  in- 
terest. 

6.  On  the  Constitution  of  Pope  Pius  IX. 
regulating  the  legacies  of  consecrated  vases 
and  ornaments  by  '*  Cardinals,  Patriarchs, 
Metropolitans,  Bishops,  and  Abb^."  This 
article  is  by  M.  Barbier  de  Montault.  It 
recapitulates  the  enactments  of  previous 
popes,  and  warmly  praises  the  wisdom  of 
those  of  Pius  IX. 

6.  On  La  Contrefaqon  ArchSoloffique, 
by  M.  Didron.  This  is  in  continuation  of 
previous  articles,  and  gives  useful  infor- 
mation as  to  the  seats  and  works  of  the 
principal  furgei-s  of  antiquities  who  have 
established  a  re^lar  trade  in  these  articles. 
They  are  located  chiefly  in  Germany,  near 
the  banks  of  the  Khine,  and  especially  at 
Mayence.  The  dupes  are  found  chiefly  in 
England,  where  these  forged  articles  are 
largely  imported.  The  Society  of  Anti- 
quar  es  of  London  has  several  times  called 
attention  to  this  subject,  but  as  the  forgers 
have  active  agents  in  this  country  who  do 
not  scruple  to  make  use  or  abuse  of  the 
law  of  libel  against  any  one  who  ventures 
publicly  to  expose  them,  and  the  expense 
of  a  law-suit  is  a  serious  consideration,  the 
newspapers  have  been  very  shy  of  report- 
ing any  of  the  statements  made  at  Somer- 
set-house. We  are  the  more  indebted  to 
M.  Didron  for  his  courage  in  continuing 
this  exposure.  These  forgeries  are  so 
ingenious  that  purchasers  cannot  be  too 


much  on  their  guard ;  it  appears  that  the 
authorities  of  the  British  Museum,  the 
Iiouvre,  and  the  Hotel  de  Cluny  have  all 
been  taken  in. 

The  second  part  of  the  Annates  contains 
four  articles,  of  which  two  have  been 
already  mentioned  as  continuations;  the 
third  is  by  M.  Felix  de  Verneilh,  on  the 
Civil  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
comprising  bridges,  canals  for  irrigation, 
wind  mills,  and  water-mills ;  it  is  a  valua- 
ble paper,  as  the  name  of  the  author  led 
us  to  expect,  and  is  illustrated  by  two 
be  lutiful  woodcuta  of  the  bridges  of  the 
thirteenth  century  at  Limoges  and  Cahors. 
These  are  finer  than  any  that  we  have 
remaining  in  England,  but  we  have  many 
more  than  is  commonly  imagined.  The 
late  Dr.  Ingram  read  a  paper  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Medieval  Bridges  to  the  Oxford 
Architectural  Society  nearly  twenty  years 
ago,  which  was  printed  in  their  Reports, 
and  excited  some  little  interest  at  the 
time,  but  hos  long  been  forgotten  and  lost 
to  the  world  from  the  local  nature  of  the 
work  in  which  it  was  printed,  known  only 
to  members  of  the  Society,  and  seldom 
read  by  them.  Many  valuable  papers,  con- 
taining often  the  results  of  great  research, 
are  every  year  buried  alive  in  this  manner 
in  some  local  publication.  The  remaining 
paper  before  us  is  on  an  ivory  book -cover 
of  the  eighth  century,  preserved  in  the 
Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  of  which  a 
facsimile  has  been  published  by  the  Arun- 
del Society,  and  is  here  engraved  from 
a  photogp*aph  and  described  by  M.  Julien 
Durand.  The  subjects  are  a  figure  of 
Christ  and  some  of  the  chief  events  of  His 
life  on  earth,  represented  after  the  quaint 
fashion  of  the  period.  No  description  can 
convey  a  correct  idea  of  this  without  see- 
ing either  the  object  itself  or  some  repre- 
sentation of  it. 


Semarks  on  the  Oxford  Museum.  By 
Dr.  AcLAVD,  F.H.S.,  Regius  Professor  of 
Medicine.  (Oxford:  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.) 
— The  recent  Meeting  of  the  British  As- 
sociation at  Oxford,  at  which  an  examin- 
atiun  of  the  Museum  was  a  g^nd  feature, 
has  induced  a  cheap  republication,  under 
the  above  title,  of  Dr.  Acland's  very  ex- 


I860.] 


Llewellynn  JewitCs  The  Reliquary, 


171 


cellent  "  Remarks  addressed  to  a  Meeting 
of  Architectural  Societies,"  in  which  the 
lofty  aims  of  the  founders  of  the  new  edu- 
cational institute  are  set  forth  in  language 
at  once  pure  and  simple,  energetic  and  no- 
ble, and  every  way  worthy  of  the  theme. 
The  handbook  is  illustrated  with  ground- 
plans,  and  a  sketch  of  ornamental  iron- 
work, and  has  been  so  modified  in  parts  as 
to  make  its  descriptions  correspond  to  the 
pn  sent  state  of  the  building.  To  the  visitor 
to  Oxford  it  is  of  course  indispensable,  and 
even  those  who  may  never  see  the  struc- 
ture to  which  it  relates,  will  yet  find 
muih  to  interest  and  inform  them  in  its 
pagts. 


An  Historical  and  Illustrated  Hand' 
book  for  the  Toum  of  Shrewsbury.  By 
Hex  BY  PiDGEON,  Treasurer  of  the  Cor- 
poration. (Shrewsbury :  Sandford  ) — Mr. 
Pidgeon,  who  is  well  known  as  author  of 
the  *'  Memorials  of  Shrewsbury,"  has  pro- 
duced a  shilling  guide-book  to  his  native 
town,  which  visitors  to  the  approaching 
Archaeological  Congress  there  will  do  well 
to  procure  beforehand.  The  author  has 
not  sacrificed  quality  to  quantity,  as  is 
done  in  too  many  guide-books  of  recent 
date,  but  purchasers  will  see  that  they 
will  have  enough  for  their  money,  even  in 
this  age  of  economy,  when  we  mention 
that  the  book  contains  200  pages  of  really 
well- written  matter,  giving  just  the  in- 
formation that  the  mtelligeut  stranger 
requires,  has  an  excellent  plan  of  the 
town,  and  above  thirty  woodcuts,  the 
frontispiece  being  a  good  representation 
of  the  statue  of  Lord  Clive,  which  now 
stands  in  the  Market-square,  but  was  a 
short  time  since  familiar  to  the  eyes  of 
Londoners  in  Whitehall  Gardens.  The 
Guide  is  rendered  additionally  useful  to 
visitors,  by  concluding  with  a  series  of  Ex- 
cursions extending  to  Haugbmond  Abbey, 
Acton  Burnell,  Boscobel,  Wellington,  the 
Wrekin,  &c ;  in  short,  to  most  of  the  places 
to  be  visited  by  the  Congress,  and  many 
others  beude. 


The  Reliquary,  No.  I.  Edited  by  Llew- 
ELLZvir  Jewitt,  F. S.A.    (London:   J. 


Russell  Smith.  Derby :  W.  Berarose  and 
Sous.) — We  highly  value  local  illustrators, 
and  are  always  glad  to  lend  our  aid  when 
they  come  before  the  public.  The  present 
is  the  first  of  a  quarterly  series  intended 
mainly  to  illustrate  Derbyshire,  and  the 
task  could  hardly  have  been  undertaken 
by  better  hands.  Mr.  Jewitt  is  known  as 
an  authority  on  Derbyshire  topc^aphy, 
and  he  is  a  poet  into  the  bargain.  Hence 
we  have  an  Anthology,  and  also  several 
original  poems ;  and  though  there  is 
enough  of  legitimate  antiquarian  lore  to 
satisfy  the  archeeologi^t,  there  are  also 
several  lighter  sketches.  Among  the  first 
we  may  name  an  illustrated  Catalogue  of 
Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman  coins  minted  at 
Derby ;  a  description  of  the  Wall  Paint- 
ings at  Melbourne  Church;  Original  Docu- 
ments, and  Reprints  of  Rare  Tracts;  in 
the  second,  where  the  poetic  element  pre- 
dominates, we  have  a  most  giaceful  paper 
on  the  beautiful  old  custom,  familiar  to 
the  reader  of  Shakespeare,  of  carrying 
garlands  at  the  funeral  of  unmarried 
females;  and  another  on  the  Superstitions 
connected  with  the  Fern  Plant,  which  are 
both  from  the  pen  of  the  Editor,  and  the 
latter  one  supplements  a  more  business- 
like article  on  the  Physiology  of  Ferns, 
with  a  list  of  Derbyshire  specimens,  by 
Dr.  Goode,  which  will  be  acceptable  to 
the  botanist.  An  old  Derbyshire  mansion 
(now  a  ruin),  King's  Newton  Hall,  and  a 
sketch  of  a  local  celebrity,  John  Gratton, 
an  early  Quaker,  will  please  the  historian 
and  the  biographer ;  and  among  the 
Original  Documents  is  one  that  settles 
a  disputed  point  in  the  family  history 
of  Anthony  Babington,  the  Derbyshire 
gentleman  who  attempted  to  rescue  Mhtj 
Queen  of  Scots.  Rarities  in  natural  his- 
tory, aim  several  curious  Notes,  Queries 
and  Gleanings,  complete  the  first  instal- 
ment of  the  ••  Reliquary, "  which  well 
justifies  the  rest  of  its  title,  "A  Depository 
for  precious  relics,  legendary,  biographical, 
and  historical,  illustrative  of  the  habits, 
customs  and  pursuits  of  our  forefathers." 
The  number  is  illustrated  by  five  plates 
and  about  a  dozen  wood  engravings ;  and 
if  the  succeeding  parts  are  as  good  as  the 
first,  the  work  will  certainly  deserve,  and 


173 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


we  hope  will  reoeive,  the  patronage  of  all 
who  are  interested  in  the  romantic  region 
to  which  it  is  mainly  devoted. 


Lancashire  and  Cheshire  Wills  and  In* 
ventories  from  the  Ecclesiastical  Court, 
Chester,  The  Second  Portion.  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  O.  J.  Piocope,  M.A.,  Curate  of 
Brindle.  (Printed  for  the  Chetham  So- 
ciety.)— This  is  the  second  volume  of  the 
series  devoted  to  the  selection  of  testa- 
ment iEiry  documents  from  the  Consistory 
Court  at  Chester,  and  we  are  informed 
that  a  concluding  volume  is  in  the  press 
With  a  general  index  to  the  whole.  The 
present  volume  contains  105  wills  and  iu- 
ventdries  of  individuals  who  lived  be- 
tween the  years  1483  and  1589,  and  the 
(dditor  has  not  limited  his  selection  to  any 
particular  class  of  testators,  but  includes 
the  wills  of  ecclesiastical  dignitoriis, 
knights,  squires,  yeomen,  and  widows. 
Many  of  these  wills  and  inventories  contain 
curious  domestic  particulars,  and  we  are 
struck  not  only  with  the  fervent  piety  of 
many  of  the  testators,  but  also  the  gener- 
ous concern  they  shew  for  their  intimate 
friends  and  family  domestics.  An  old, 
yet  amiable,  widow  dying,  will  leave  a  snug 
corner  in  her  will  for  some  aged  servant 
of  her  household,  perhaps  a  little  leg^y  in 
tile  shape  of  money,  or  a  piece  of  furniture 
as  a  heirloom.  A  mistress  Isabel  Typ- 
pinge,  of  Manchester,  widow,  leaves  "  unto 
the  poore  ffolckes  twenty  powndes,  to  be 
bestowed  at  the  discretion  of  my  executor : 
unto  my  doughter  in  lawe,  Mary  Typ- 
pinge,  my  b^t  peece  of  plate,  and  my  best 
gloves;"  a  prebendary  of  Chester  be- 
queaths to  a  fellow  dignitary  his  hat  and 
velvet  bag,  with  his  "best  jackedd  and 
doublett,"  whether  for  future  use  or  a 
pious  in  memoriam,  is  left,  we  suppose,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  legatee ;  another  tes- 
tator, mindful  of  the  faithful  services  of 
her  servant-maid,  leaves  as  a  suitable  be- 
quest "one  brasse  potte  which  was  her 
iTathers,  lyinge  to  me  in  pawne  for  tenne 
shillings;"  but  the  inventory  of  Dame 
Cicely  Delves  presents  a  formidable  cata- 
logue of  household  effects,  shewing  how 
a  domestic  establishment  of  the  sixteenth 
century  could  not  well  be  conducted  with- 


out the  culinary  aid  of  "potts,  pannes,  skel- 
lets,  and  chaffers."  The  will  of  Sir  Henry 
Turton,  Fellow  of  the  Collegiate  Church 
at  Manchester,  leaves  2d.  to  the  bellman, 
and  5s.  for  the  relief  of  poor  people,  all 
his  pricksong  books  of  masses  and  anthems 
to  the  College,  and  to  Sir  John  Bexw>  ke 
two  pairs  of  spectacles,  with  the  charitable 
request  that  his  "portews  be  gyven  to 
sume  poore  pryst  new  mayde,  to  pmy 
for  me." 

Many  of  these  wills  throw  consider- 
able light  on  the  antiquity  of  some  of  the 
old  Lancashire  families;  one  in  particular, 
that  of  Robert  Entwysle,  of  the  Foxholes, 
will  so  inttrfere  with  the  family  pedigree 
recorded  in  the  College  of  Arms,  by  Mr. 
Lodge,  in  1807,  as  to  "  render  the  upper 
part  of  that  pedii^ree  of  more  than  ques- 
tionable authenticity."  Amongst  the  wills 
we  find  one  of  Robert  Holt,  of  Stubly, 
Esq.,  bearing  date  Dec.  18,  1554,  and  iu 
a  note  we  are  told  the  testator  ''bought 
abbey  lands,  rebuilt  his  house  of  Stubly 
(circa  1528),  conformed  to  the  Reforma- 
tion, promoted  its  extension  in  the  par'sh 
of  Rochdale,  and  was  an  influential  justice 
of  the  peace."  The  family  of  Holt  was  at 
one  time  the  most  influential  in  the  parish 
of  Rochdale,  some  of  the  family  fought 
with  distinction  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and 
a  Thomas  Holt  wus  knighted  by  Edward, 
Earl  of  Hertford,  and  the  manor  of  Spot- 
land  bestowed  upon  him  by  Henry  VI If. 
in  coDsideratiou  of  his  services.  We  find 
them  fighting  as  staunch  royalists  under 
the  royal  standards  at  Edgehill  and  Mars- 
ton  Moor,  and  following  the  fortunes  of 
Charles  on  other  disastrous  battle-fields. 
A  James  Holt  died  on  Flodden  Field,  and 
oHe  of  the  Holts  of  Sale  was  a  judge  in  cri- 
tical and  disastrous  times.  The  Rochdale 
Holts  were  the  principal  landowners  in 
the  pnrish,  holding  large  estates  in  Stubly, 
Chesholm,  Naden,  Honorsfelde,  Spotlande, 
Bury,  Myddleton,  Butterworthe,  and  Cas- 
tleton,  as  appears  from  the  will  of  another 
liobert  Holt,  who  inherited  the  estates  on 
the  death  of  his  uncle  mentioned  above. 
A  third  Robert,  who  died  In  1561,  after 
requesting  that  his  body  be  buried  in  "  ye 
chaunsell  within  the  perocho  churche  at 
RAchdale,  or  elsewhere  it  shall  please  Qod 


I860.]      WheweJVs  Platonic  Dialogues  for  English  Readers.      173 


>» 


ft 


to  dispose,"  leaves  Gs.  8d.  towards  the  re- 
pairs of  the  said  parish  church,  to  his  son 
Charles  all  his  carts,  harness  and  timber, 
&C.,  "  trustyug  that  he  wilbe  good  to  his 
mother,  and  to  his  brother,  and  sisters, 
thtn  to  "  ye  servyoe  at  Litelbroughe  viij*., 
and  afterwards  provides  fur  his  daughters, 
Margerie  and  £lyn,  whether  they  be  mar- 
ried or  not.  We  beUtve  this  ancient  family 
of  the  Holts  is  now  extinct  in  the  male 
line,  and  that  uotliing  is  left  of  the  Holts 
of  Grisleburst,  Castleton,  and  Stubly,  but 
their  ancient  halls,  where  healths  ten 
fathoms  deep  were  drunk  to  the  King 
across  the  water,  and  perdi  ion  to  the  var- 
lets  who  hoisted  the  standard  of  the  Pro- 
tector. The  arms  of  the  Holts  are  to  be 
seen  in  the  east  window  of  Littleborough 
Church,  and  read,  Ar.,  on  a  bend  engrailed 
sa.  three  fleur-de-lis  of  the  flrst.  Crest,  a 
spear-head  ppr.  Motto>  Ut  sanem  vulnera. 
Of  these  "  Wills  and  Inventories"  so  judi- 
ciously collected  by  the  Messrs.  Piccope, 
father  and  sop,  we  have  only  to  regret  the 
great  scarcity  of  editorial  notes.  Antiqua- 
rian documents  are  at  best  but  musty 
deeds,  and  to  the  uninitiated  cabalistic 
bits  of  parchment,  unless  the  antiquary  by 
his  learning  and  research  invests  them  with 
an  historical  charm.  We  have  known 
"  daubs"  found  iu  lumber  rooms,  after  un- 
dergoing a  skilful  cleaning  process,  turn 
out  to  be  wonderful  Titians  or  irreproach- 
able Giottos;  and  old  documents  by  the 
critical  light  thrown  upon  them,  so  as  to 
penetrate  the  umbra  antiqtus,  have  proved 
invaluable  records.  These  wills  furnish  so 
many  tempting  opportunities  for  annota- 
tions on  persons,  household  goods,  and 
chattels  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries,  that  we  must  confess  to  a  dis- 
appointment in  not  meeting  more  fre- 
quently with  them. 


Platonic  Dialogues/or  English  Readers. 
By  William  Wuewell,  D.D.  Vol.  II. 
Antisophist  Dialogues.  (Cambridge  and 
London:  Macmillan  and  Co.) — We  no- 
ticed with  much  satisfaction  the  appear- 
ance of  the  first  volume  of  this  most 
praiseworthy  attempt  to  render  the  Pla- 
tonic Dialogues  really  intelligible  by  the 
mere  English  reader,  and  we  arc  glad  to 


find  that  it  has  been  received  with  such 
favour  by  the  public  as  to  induce  the 
learned  translator  to  carry  on  the  work. 
We  should  be  still  better  pleased  if  we 
might  indulge  the  hope  of  receiving  at 
least  the  *'  Republic"  Irom  him  in  a  similar 
form.  As  before,  the  best  thing  that  we 
can  do  to  give  an  idea  of  the  object  of 
Dr.  Whewell's  labours  and  his  mode  of 
carrying  them  out,  will  be  to  quo.e  a 
portion  of  his  Preface  : — 

"  The  Dialogues  I  now  publish  I  term 
'the  Antisophist  Dialogues,' iuasmuch  as 
they  are  muinly  occupied  with  ciscussiona 
in  which  persons  who  have  been  called 
*  Sophists'  by  Plato  and  by  his  commenta- 
tors, are  representeii  as  refuted,  perplexed, 
or  silenc^.  Of  such  persons  there  will 
be  found  in  the  following  pages,  Protago- 
ras, Prodicus,  Hippias,  Gorg'as,  Polus, 
Callicles,  Ion,  Euthydemu:*,  Dionysiodo- 
rus,  and  Thra  ymachus,  who  is,  however, 
much  more  prominent  in  the  First  Book 
of  the  Republic.  But  though  these  per- 
sons are  all  included  by  home  of  Plato's 
admirers  under  the  term  iSophists, — are 
all  involved  by  many  commentators  in  that 
charge  of  false  rea«oniug  and  sinister  pur-^ 
pose  which  toe  imply  by  that  term, — and 
are  looked  upon  by  many  persons  as  a  sect 
or  party  who  made  common  cause,  cor- 
rupted the  moral  principles  of  the  Athe- 
niansi  and  were  unmasked  and  put  down 
by  Plato;  they  were,  in  truth,  most  di- 
verse in  their  teuets,  characters,  position, 
mode  of  discussion,  and  objects ;  and  were, 
several  of  them,  as  strenuous  inculcators 
of  virtue  and  as  subtle  reasoners  as  Plato 
himself.  This  results  from  what  we  know^ 
of  them  from  all  quarters,  and  indeed  from 
Plato's  own  representations.  That  this  is 
really  the  case  with  the  so-called  Sophitits, 
is  a  proposition  which  has  been  proved 
and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Grote,  in  a  manner 
which  combines  the  startling  effect  arising 
from  great  novelty  with  the  solid  convic- 
tion arising  from  plain  good  sense; — a 
very  remarkable  combination  to  fiud  in- 
troduced, in  owr  own  day,  into  one  of  the 
most  familiar  periods  of  ancient  history. 
I  think  that  the  reader  of  the  following 
pages  will  find  in  the  Dialogues  them- 
selves, and  in  the  Remarks  upon  them, 
sufficient  evidence  of  the  general  truth  of 
this  position.  I  wuuld,  however,  refer  the 
reader  for  a  fuller  confirmation  and  illus- 
tration of  it  to  the  eighth  volume  of  Mr. 
Grote's  JSistary  of  Greece. 

"  Undoubtedly  some  of  the  interlocutors 
in  the  following  Dialogued  are  represented 


174 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


as  engfiged  in  mere  quibbling,  as  Eutby- 
deums  and  bis  brother,  in  the  Dialoj^ue  uf 
that  name ;  and  others  are  maile  ridicalous 
by  vanity,  as  Ion  and  Hi[ipias.  But  tho 
quibbling  in  the  Euthydemus  hardly 
reaches  the  dignity  of  sophistry;  and 
nothing  appears  to  me  a  more  wonderful 
proof  of  the  sweeping  prejudices  of  the 
commentators  than  this, — that  some  of 
them  see  no  difference  between  this  quib- 
bling and  the  calm  consistent  moral  dis- 
sertations of  Protagoras.  Yet  so  it  is. 
The  'argumentum'  of  the  Protagoras  in 
Bek  leer's  edition  of  Plato,  for  instance, 
begins  thus : — 

*' '  Hi^jus  disputationis  idem  est  cum 
Euthydemo  scopus  et  argumentum :  nempe 
est  inanes  Sophistarum  speculationes  de- 
tegantur  conspectoqae  fastu  et  vauitate 
contemnantur  et  procul  rejidantur.' 

"The  reader  of  the  following  pages 
may  judge  for  himself  whether  the  scope 
and  ailment  of  the  Protagoras  and  the 
Euthydemus  are  the  same,  or  are  at  all 
alike;  and  whether  in  the  Euthydemus 
there  be  any  speculations ;  and  whether 
in  the  Protagoras  the  speculations  of  that 
philosopher  are  proved  to  be  empty. 

"  Mr.  Grote  has  •  further  shewn  very 
clearly  that  if  Plato  argued  as  some  of 
the  commentators  represent  him  as  argu- 
ing (in  the  peraon  ot  Socrates),  he  would 
really  be  guilty  of  the  duplicity  and  un- 
fairness with  which  they  charge  his  oppo- 
nents. This,  however,  is  not  really  the 
case.  Plato  is  in  search  of  a  Theory  of 
Ethics  solidly  and  scientifically  founded 
upon  Ideas  and  Definitions,  and  is  always 
ready  to  prove  that  the  doctrines  of  his 
0|iponents  are  worthless,  because  they  can- 
not be  made  to  supply  such  a  theory. 
Protagoras,  Prodicus,  Hippias,  Gorgias 
and  the  rest,  are  to  him  Sophistt  in  the 
disparaging  sense,  because  they  cannot 
meet  his  demands  for  such  a  system ;  just 
as  Jeremy  Bentham  might  have  called 
Butler,  Price,  and  Clarke,  Sophists ;  or  as 
Coleridge  might  have  called  Locke,  Con- 
dilUc,  and  D'Alembert,  Sophists. 

*'  In  the  Dialogues  contained  in  the  pre- 
sent volume,  Plato,  though  he  ngects  the 
doctrines  of  hb  opponents,  does  not  esta- 
blish u  system  of  his  own.  The  Republic 
does  contain  such  a  system,  and  may  be 
regarded  as  the  point  towards  which  these 
Dialogues  converge :  although,  indeed,  the 
first  Book  of  the  Kepublic  is  really  a  Dia- 
logue of  the  Antisophist  class,  and  might 
very  fitly  be  entitled  '  Thrasymachus,'  and 
included  in  that  class,  if  it  had  not  been 
mndesirable  to  dismember  the  Republic" 

The  result  of  the  publication  of  these 


Dialogues,  if  we  mistake  not,  will  be  a 
considerable  amendment  of  the  ordinary 
estimate  of  the  Sophists;  and  new  judg-> 
ments  will  probably  be  formed  on  many 
other  points  of  ancient  history,  when  the 
plain  common  sense  of  mere  English  read- 
ers is  assisted  by  men  who,  like  Dr.  Whe- 
well,  have  the  happy  talent  of  conveying 
the  result  of  learning  to  less  exalted 
minds  without  any  of  the  affectation  and 
mystery  of  the  old  Classic  Professors,  who 
could  never  condescend  to  turn  Greek,  or 
Latin,  or  Hebrew  into  a  living  language; 
fortunately  we  have  now  those  who  un- 
derstand all  these  tongues,  and  half  a 
dozen  more,  and  yet  are  not  ashamed  of 
their  own. 


Our  Public  Worship,  Three  Sermons 
preached  at  St.  Mary  Magdalen  Church, 
Oxford.  By  the  Rev.  R.  St.  John  Tyb- 
WHITT,  Vicar.  (Oxford  and  London : 
J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.) — Of  these  dis- 
courses the  first  is  devoted  to  the  question 
of  "Improving  the  Service;'*  the  two 
others  to  the  theme  of  "  Preachers  and 
Hearers."  One  of  the  complaints  of  the 
would- be- revisers  of  our  Liturgy  is  that 
the  services  of  the  Church  are  not  "in- 
teresting," and  they  conceive  that  they 
may  be  made  so  by  alteration,  and  short- 
ening, and  particularly  by  suppression  of 
repetitions.    Mr.  Tyrwhitt  replies, — 

"  Whose  fault  is  it  if  God*s  worship  is 
tedious  and  dull,  if  the  prayers  of  the 
Church  are  dull  prayers,  as  we  hear  it 
said?  They  are  not  dull  to  those  who 
want  to  have  them  granted ;  they  are  not 
tedious  to  any  who  ask  in  faith  and  hope 
to  obtain.  '  But  they  are  full  of  repeti- 
tions.' Of  course  those  repetitions  are 
irksome  to  those  whose  thoughts  are  in 
their  pleasure  or  their  merchandize,  and 
whose  real  feeling  about  the  service  of 

God  is  how  to  get  it  over 

There  are  several  questions  which  one  may 
very  fairly  ask  those  who  neglect  our 
public  service,  and  those  who  wish  it  to  be 
altered  in  order  that  they  may  be  atten- 
tive to  it,  instead  of  inattentive.  But  it 
is  impossible  practically  to  ask  them,  as 
the  answers  are  difficult  and  compromis- 
ing; a  clear  answer  can  never  be  got. 
However,  one  of  them  is.  Do  you  ever 
pray  in  private,  really  asking  for  some- 
thing yon  wish  for,  and  really  hoping  to 


I860.] 


TyrwhiWs  Public  Worship. 


175 


gain  it  ?  .  .♦  .  .  .  If  public  prayer 
is  anything,  it  is  an  intensely  serious  and 
important  matter,  of  its  own  nature  in- 
volving great  interests  of  ours,  whether 
we  choose  or  not  to  call  it  interesting. 
And  this  point  is  worth  dwelling  upon,, 
that  public  prayer  is  also  private  prayer, 
if  it  is  prayer  at  all.  Each  must  cry  out 
of  the  depths  of  his  own  heart  in  all  the 
prayers  said  here.  No  one  comes  here  to 
have  prayer  said  for  him,  so  much  as  to 
pray  for  himself  and  others.  Here  we 
are,  indeed,  specially  pres^^nt  before  God  ; 
they  who  believe  this  will  be  slow  to  cri- 
ticise those  time-honoured  prayers,  many 
of  which  have  been  used  from  time  imme- 
morial by  saints  and  martyrs,  such  as  also, 
even  in  after  time,  were  many  of  those 
reformers  who  transbited  and  c  mpiled 
them  for  us.  This  call  for  our  service  to 
be  made  interesting  is  fatal  indeed,  because 
want  of  interest  in  God's  service  is  a  fatal 
sign.  It  is  not  that  inattention  or  wan- 
dering thoughts  are  fatal,  but  that  the  en- 
deavour to  find  some  service  of  God  which 
shall  be  interesting  to  worldly  men  shews 
a  fatal  ignoranc  -  of  Him  and  the  service 
He  will  accept.  Something  pleasing,  some- 
thing striking,  something  dramatic,  some- 
thing to  do  us  good  in  spite  of  ourselves, 
something  which  shall  serve  God  and  Mam- 
mon at  the  same  time,  something  to  make 
the  strait  gate  broad  and  the  nanow  way 
wide;  something  to  get  us  to  heaven 
without  our  really  belitving  in  it ;  some 
way  of  spending  two  hours  plea<mntly  and 
ea<«ily,  those  two  hours  out  of  all  the  week 
which  the  British  nation  seem  to  consider 
really  too  much  to  set  apart  for  the  wor- 
ship of  Him  who  made  broad  Britain.** — 
(pp.  13—16.) 

In  treating  on  preachers  and  hearers, 
while  expressing  a  well-considered  opinion 
that  "  sermons  are  not,  and  never  have 
been,  or  will  be,  the  most  important  part 
of  our  public  service,*'  Mr.  Tyrwhitt 
touches  thus  on  one  of  the  main  reasons 
(in  his  opinion)  why  modem  preaching 
faila  of  efficacy  : — 

"People  in  general  like  to  hear  what 
they  believe  confirmed  by  the  determined 
adherence  and  clear  statements  of  the  man 
who  speaks;  and  so  far  it  is  well.  But 
it  is  not  well  when  they  begin  to  suspect 
danger  in  him  whenever  he  digresxes  in^o 
something  they  do  not  know  ;  it  is  not  well 
when  a  man  is  quarrelled  with  for  putting 
truth  in  a  new  light,  or  for  going  into  a 
new  train  of  thought.  And  fear  of  this, 
and  habitual  over-care  about  this  matter, 


is  a  thing  which  stands  greatly  in  the  way 
of  njany  who  preach  God*s  word.  What 
terror  I  have  known  good  and  worthy 
servants  of  the  Lord  live  in  of  going  off 
a  beat<'n  track,  of  suggesting  strange 
thoughts  to  mcn*s  minds,  of  not  being  un- 
derstood,  of  saying  unsafe  things,  and  the 
like.  And  this  timidity  of  theirs  was  not 
all  their  fault,  indeed :  it  was  in  part  their 
hearers'.  And  then  their  hearers,  and 
perhaps  they  themselves,  wonder  that 
some  eccentric  genius  out  of  the  Church, 
trained  to  oratory,  full  of  energy  and  con- 
fidence, nowise  hampered  by  knowledge 
of  truths  against  him,  using  all  kinds  of 
humour,  high  and  low,  to  aid  him  in  bring- 
ing out  the  thought  that  is  in  him,  is 
more  attractive  and  interesting.  Of  course 
he  is.  And  if  Gotl's  worship  on  His  Sab- 
bath consist  entirely  of  being  attracted 
and  interested,  let  us  go  anywhere  in 
search  of  the  greatest  attraction,  and 
wherever  there  is  most  interest:  very 
many  do.  If  there  be  a  truth  of  God  our 
Father,  Redeemer,  and  Sanctifier;  if  there 
be  a  Church  of  His  faithful  people  who 
have  p-issed  down  that  truth  from  age  to 
age,  let  us  hold  by  His  Truth  and  His 
Church.  Verily,  truth  is  worth  more  to 
us  than  oratory. 

"  But  only  consider,  if  nine  out  of  ten 
of  those  who  weekly  strive  to  preach  Goit's 
word  rightly  and  truly  gave  full  loose  to 
their  imagination,  feeling,  humour,  and 
energy, — that  is  what  they  are  told  to  do 
in  all  manner  of  newspapers,  novels,  criti- 
cism', and  conversations, — how  would  it 
be  received  ?  Is  it  to  be  required  of  every 
man,  is  it  God*s  pleasure  that  every 
preacher  should  have  the  gift  of  sharp 
utterance,  and  dry  humour,  and  heat  of 
heart,  and  contagious  sympathy  P  Require 
it  if  you  please  :  you  cannot  have  twenty 
thousand  men  in  the  land  all  so  gifted,  or 
have  them  educated  to  it.  And  if  all 
were  so — I  say  it  again — in  the  present 
temper  of  some  of  the  best  people  among 
us,  their  preaching  would  be  unsatisfac- 
tory: no  one  wotild  know  what  to  rest 
upon.  Who  ever  heard  of  a  clergy  all 
orators  ?  Who  ever  heard  of  an  army  of 
nothing  but  drummers  ?  Who  ever  heard 
of  a  city  lit  for  a  long  winter  with  nothing 
but  fireworks  ?  And  who  ever  knew  any 
good  whatever  come  of  a  congregation  all 
excitement  ?  Indeed  I  never  did." — 
(pp.  38—40.) 

The  fact  is,  that 

"  There  is  much  brick-making  without 
straw  required  of  the  English  priesthood. 
Those  listeners  who  know  all  already  must 
be  content  to  hear  what  they  knew  before ; 


176 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


those  who  do  not  think  they  know  all 
must  he  content  to  he  instructed,  to  he 
quick  to  hear  and  slow  to  speak,  in  short, 

to  be  more  patient There 

is  nothing  new  under  the  sun,  strictly 
speaking ;  nor  can  any  man  always  speak 
in  a  manner  new  or  interesting  to  the 
more  experienced  or  hetter-in^rmed  part 
of  his  hearers,  hecause  he  often  has  to  go 
over  well-trodden  ground  for  the  benefit 
of  others.  Let  all,  then,  be  patient  with 
strangeness,  and  patient  with  trite  and 
well-known  knowledge." — (44,  46.) 


The  Year  of  the  Church,  A  Course  of 
Sermons  by  the  late  Rev.  R.  W.  Huntley. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  Sir  George  Pbetost. 
(Oxford  and  London :  J.  H.  and  Jas. 
Parker.) — These  sermons  were  delivered 
to  the  population  of  an  agricultnral  parish 
in  Gloucestershire,  (Boxwell-cum-Lcigh- 
terton,  on  the  Cotswolds,)  and  accordingly 
"  they  enter  into  no  controversies,  except 
on  points  which  are  actually  controverted 
among  such  a  class,  or  with  respect  to 
which  at  least  they  stand  in  immediate 
need  of  instruction  and  warning,  e.g.  the 
question  of  faith  and  works.  Still  less  do 
they  contain  any  display  of  strong  reli- 
gious feeling,  for  the  author  was  one  to 
whom  it  was  natural  to  veil  to  a  great 
degree  his  strongest  and  deepest  eroo* 
tions."  Such  is  the  testimony  of  the 
Kditor,  which  an  examination  of  the 
volume  fully  hears  out.  Sir  George  Pre- 
vost  has  prefixed  a  pleasing  memoir  of  Mr. 
Huntley,  a  man  of  most  amiable  character, 
who  did  good  in  his  generation  by  taking 
a  very  active  part  in  preventing  the  ex- 
tinction of  the  see  of  St.  Asaph  for  the 
purpose  of  endowing  that  of  Manchester. 


Reminiscences :  by  a  Clergyman's  Wife, 
Edited  by  the  Dean  of  Canterbury. 
(Rivingtons.) — The  scenes  and  incidents 
described  in  these  pages  have  mostly  come 
under  the  Editor's  own  knowledge.  "They 
are  recorded,**  he  says,  "  not  because  there 
is  an^rthing  in  them  exciting  or  extra- 
ordinary, but  that  they  may  be  the  means 
of  stimulating  those  who  read  them  to 
take  advantage  of  their  opportunities  of 
doing  good;  that  they  may  shew  the 
power  of  kindness  in  winning  those  whom 
we  sometimes  deem  inaccessible;  that 
8 


they  may  relate  in  a  pqpnanent  form 
some  remarkable  examples  of  simple  god- 
liness, and  of  deep  unswerving  attach- 
ment." The  book  bears  in  every  page 
evidence  alike  of  the  shrewd  common 
sense  and  the  kindly  feeling  of  its  author, 
and  we  trust  that  it  will  reach  those  who 
have  the  means  as  well  as  the  will  to 
second  her  benevolent  views. 

The  work  is  divided  into  chapters, 
treating  of  the  London  Poor,  and  the 
Country  Poor,  which  abound  in  traits  and 
sketches  that  give  us  a  most  favourable 
idea  of  both  the  head  and  the  heart  of  the 
writer.  A  Mixed  Chapter  contains  other 
sketches,  both  at  home  and  abroad;  and 
the  concluding  one,  called  "Friends  at 
Rest,"  offers  many  deeply  interesting  par- 
ticulars of  the  Rev.  Charles  Hodge,  who 
was  lost  in  the  **  Royal  Charter"  in  Oc- 
tober last.  But  we  own  to  have  been  most 
affected  by  the  pictures  of  the  London 
poor ;  not  the  idle,  clamorous  mendicants, 
but  the  quiet,  honest  creatures,  who  work 
and  starve  uncomplainingly,  and  who  need 
many  such  energetic  friends  as  the  Cler- 
gyman's Wife  to  find  them  out,  and  bring 
relief  and  comfort.  Therefore  we  prefer 
to  quote,  instead  of  anything  else,  a  few 
of  her  experiences  of  them,  the  scene  of 
which,  we  believe,  lies  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood  of  Quehec-street  Chapel : — 

"Many  of  the  Ijondon  poor  live  in 
alleys  and  courts,  quite  close  to  fashion- 
able streets  and  squares;  and  are  sup- 
ported by  the  employment  their  rich 
neighbours  give  them.  They  occupy  some- 
times single  rooms  in  good  houses,  over  or 
under  shops.  Tliey  live  often  in  great 
discomfort  and  dirt,  large  honseholds 
crowded  into  one  room,  and  twenty  fami- 
lies sometimes  in  one  house.  Many  of 
them  live  in  the  mews;  and  here  they 
are  often  stowed  away  in  strange  places. 
I  have  been  told  than  in  case  of  sudden 
illness  great  inconvenience  and  even  danger 
has  been  occasioned  by  this  circumstance. 
One  poor  woman  told  me  she  was  tiken 
in  Itbour  when  quite  alone,  and  could 
make  no  one  hear.  During  the  whole  of 
this  trying  period  she  had  no  one  with 
her;  and  it  was  not  till  after  her  child 
had  been  bom  for  more  than  an  hour, 
that  her  husband  came  home  to  tea, 
only  just  in  time,  she  said,  to  save  two 
lives  "—(pp.  5.  6.) 

"  On  my  first  acquaintance  with  old  S. 


I860.] 


Reminiscences :  by  a  CltnujymaiC s  JVife, 


177 


and  bis  wife,  their  dialect  at  once  betrayed 
them  to  me  as  being  West-country  people. 
They  occupied  one  small  room,  and  in  it 
they  were  carrying  on  both  their  employ- 
ments together — he  .at  his  last,  she  with 
her  ironing.  .  .  . 

"  He  lived  in  a  close,  noisy,  dirty  mews ; 
what  a  contrnst  to  the  rocky  glens  and 
fresh  sea-breezes  of  the  bome  of  his  child- 
hood! But  the  old  man  seemed  quite 
contented.  Ho  was  always  very  busy, 
saying,  *  Now  all  the  grand  folks  are 
come  up,  I  have  plenty  to  do;  for  they 
bring  lots  of  servants,  and  many  of  them 
employ  ine:  and  my  wife  gets  up  their 
shirts  and  neckcloths ;  for  thfy  dress  like 
gentlemen,  not  like  our  country  folk ;  but 
we  must  not  find  fault,  as  this  fashion 
gives  us  employment.  Down  in  the  West 
there  they  are  so  poor,  I  am  sure  I  could 
not  get  a  living  there ;  bat  I  should  like 
to  see  those  hills  once  again.' 

"  As  the  old  man  was  one  day  running 
on  in  this  strain,  I  stopped  him  by  asking 
who  lived  in  tlie  next  room,  for  I  had 
often  heard  a  low,  murmuring  souud,  as 
of  a  child  reading. 

•*  *  Mrs.  H.,'  was  the  answer.  *  Don't 
you  know  her  ?  She  is  the  best  laundress 
in  the  mews,  and  the  most  industrious 
woman  too ;  for  she  strives  night  and  day 
at  her  work,  and  she  has  cause;  for  she  is 
a  poor,  lone  widow,  away  from  her  coun- 
try, with  one  only  son  left  of  all  her  family, 
and  he  is  dying  of  consumption.  He  is 
the  best  lad  that  ever  lived,  and  spends 
all  the  time  he  has  free  from  pain  in  read- 
ing the  Bible  to  his  mother,  and  praying 
for  her.  On  Sunday,  when  she  is  not 
working,  we  often  go  in  to  he*r  him  read 
and  pray;  and  it  docs  me  good  to  hear 
such  words  from  one  so  young  and  sickly. 
I,  who  am  old  and  strong,  could  not  say 
half  such  good  things."— (pp.  7—10.) 

The  poor  lad  is  visited : — 

" '  How  long  have  you  been  so  ill,  my 
poor  boy  ?'  said  1 ;  *  do  you  suflfer  much  ?' 

"The  boy  was  too  shy  or  weak  to 
answer  my  questions;  and  something 
seemed  to  have  affected  him,  though  ho 
strove  very  hard  to  hide  his  feelings. 

•*  I  saw  some  tears  roll  down  his  pallid 
cheeks,  and  fall  on  his  Bible,  which  lay  on 
his  lap ;  and  he  turned  his  large,  clear, 
bright  eyes  on  his  mother,  as  if  he  wished 
her  to  speak  for  him. 

"During  this  pause  I  had  time  to 
glance  round  the  room,  which  was  soon  to 
bo  the  chamber  of  death ;  and  it  now  held 
a  spirit  ripening  for  glory.  It  was  a  very 
low,  mean  room,  with  bare  bUjJ| 
walls.  The  large  ironing-board 
Oekt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


occupied  it,  except  one  recess,  where  lay 
the  poor  lad  on  a  sort  of  half-easy-chnir, 
half-bed.  From  every  part  of  the  ceiling 
hung  the  clothes  which  had  been  ironed, 
consisting  of  beautiful  linen  shirts,  and 
articles  of  ladies'  clothing,  which  had  evi- 
dently been  got  up  in  the  bfst  style. 

"  Airs.  II.  was  ironing  most  vi;;orouHly. 
By  her  side  was  a  large  stove,  which 
heated  her  irons,  and  dried  her  linen,  but 
which  made  the  room  most  uncomfortably 
hot  and  clo^e  fur  the  poor  boy,  who  seemed 
almost  fainting  with  heat. . . 

"I  never  found  him  alone.  She  was 
always  ironing;  he  read  ng  his  Bible.  I 
once  suggested  the  ho-pital  to  his  mother, 
observing  how  much  he  was  tried  by  the 
steam  of  the  hot  room,  but  the  idea  of 
a  separation  would  not  be  listened  to  for 
a  moment. 

"  *  I  cannot  part  with  h'm,  even  if  he 
will  go.     Will  you  leave  me,  Billy  d«»ar  ?' 

"  The  poor  lad  was  too  much  afTectt'd  tq 
speak;  but  the  intense  love  with  which 
he  gazed  on  his  mother  F.pok<;  his  hrart. 
Ihis  was  one  of  my  last  visits.  I  was 
obliged  to  leave  town  for  a  few  dnys;  and 
when  I  returned,  I  heard  that  a  sudden 
change,  added  to  the  extreme  heat  of 
that  Julv,  had  removed  this  cherished 
child  to  his  heavonlv  home." — (pp.  10 — 
It).) 

The  wMow  was  visit o*!  after  her  be- 
reavement, and  wc  hato  road  few  things 
more  touching  than  her  statement  to  the 
benovolcMit  Inily :  — 

"MIo  wiMit.  iiff  like  a  lan:b.  I  feared 
and  dn*»dcd  diMith  ilruggle*  kztd  cjn- 
vulitiouH ;  for  I  had  hoeu  szch  d^-ktli 
amongst  my  di-ar  cliildrt^n.  My  firs:  bk.:ti.- 
was  a  whole  day  dyi-  g  in  iinr^  c.i-- 
vulsionn ;  and  U)y  dear  husKind  aa j  kll  of 
them  died  vi-ry  hard ;  but  God,  ia  luercT, 
saved  me  this  trial  the  last  time. 

"  '  When  he  was  gone  I  pra>  ed  lo  hard 
that  I  might  die  too;  but  that  wm  not 
right,  perhaps  for  I  am  not  >et  fit  to  fo : 

I  have  not  the  gentle  ChriAian  apm  of 

that  dear  stunted  child. 

" '  He  lies  in  Rennl  Gnen 

I  knew  ho  would  like  to  lie 

his  father,  and  brotben.  and  mIbi.    £« 

feared  I  should  not  be  aUe  to  afind  t^ 

bury  him  there ;  so  he 

word  about  it.   Bat  I 

God !  and  nearly  peid  tm  jt 

shirts  will  do  it,  aai  aH 

skirts  belonging  te , 

Whenlheaid 

week,  I  WM  •  ^^    j 

diately,  I  lUl  i^  teit  j,  *    . 

things,  arf  1    -  - 


178 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Au 


S 


them  to  pay  for  my  dear  child's  last 
earthly  resting-place.  And  as  for  my 
own  mourning,  my  grief  is  too  sincere  to 
want  any  show.  I  know  he  would  much 
rather  I  should  pay  for  his  burial,  and  get 
mourning  when  I  can  afford  it ;  and  so  I 
shall  act  as  I  know  he  would  have  liked 
best.'  "—(pp.  24,  25.) 

What  a  noble  spirit  must  this  poor 
woman  have  been  gifted  with!  who  can 
think  of  her  unmoved  ?  and  who  would 
not  wish  to  possess  the  book  that  relates 
so  touchingly 

**  The  short  and  simple  annals  of  the  poor  T" 


Illustrations  of  Useful  Arts,  Manufac^ 
tures,  and  Trades,    By  Chables  Tom- 
LI  If  BON,  £sq.,  Lecturer  on  Natural  Science, 
King's  College  School,  London.    (Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge.) — 
This  is  really  an  excellent  work  to  put 
into  the  hands  of  an  intelligent  youth,  and 
if  done  justice  to,  by  the  recipient  bestow- 
ing only  a  very  moderate  share  of  atten- 
tion, it  will  do  more  to  furnish  a  know- 
ledge of  "  common  things"  than  any  book 
that  has  as  yet  fallen  under  our  notice. 
The  price  is  wonderfully  moderate  (8s.) 
for  a  4to.  of  230  well-printed  pages,  illus- 
trated as  they  are  by  nearly  1,400  wood- 
cuts, which  give  the  principal  tools  and 
implements    employed   in    some  seventy 
miinufactures  and  trades.    The  author  is 
evidently  well  practised   in  the   art   of 
explaining  such  matters,   and  any   one, 
young  or  old,  may  turn  to  his  pages  with 
the  certainty  of  gaining  useful  informa- 
tion, whatever  may  be  the  subject  of  in- 
quiry.   The  mysteries  of  cotton-spinning, 
of  weaving,  of  brick-making,  glass-making, 
and  metal -working,  are  all  laid  open  in 
sufficient  detail  to  enable  any  one  to  un- 
derstand what  they  may  hear  mentioned, 
or  themselves  observe  regarding  them ; 
io  with  a  large  variety  of  other  subjects, 
from  needles,  crockery- ware,  and  gas,  to 
houses,  ships,  and  railways.     Agricultural 
operations,  too,  are  noticed,  and  the  town 
lad  may  learn  to  cast  an  intelligent  glance 
at  the  labour  of  the  farmer,  the  shepherd, 
or  the  miller,  whilst  the  country  youth 
may  g^in  a  fair  insight  into  the  trades 
that  are  more  particularly  carried  on  in 
dties  or  in  factories ;  and  the  opportunity 


is  taken  to  throw  in  here  and  there  a  few 
sensible,  well-meant  hints  on  the  mutual 
dependence  of  the  town  and  country  popu- 
lations, which  may  give  a  very  desirable 
turn  of  thought  to  young  persons,  who 
are  but  too  apt  to  consider  that  everything 
worth  knowing  is  confined  to  their  own 
section  of  the  community. 

We  should  be  glad  to  see  advantage 
taken  of  a  new  edition,  to  add  an  Index, 
at  least  of  technical  terms.  Hundreds  of 
these,  of  course,  occur,  and  many  are  illus- 
trated by  engpravings,  and  it  would  greatly 
add  to  the  utility  of  the  work  if  there  was 
this  ready  means  of  reference  to  them. 


Curiosities  of  Science.  Second  Series. 
By  John  Timbs.  P.S.A.  (Kent  and  Co.) 
— This  is  the  sixth  and  concluding  volume 
of  "Things  not  generally  Known  fami- 
liarly Explained,"  and  it  is  devoted  to 
chemistry.  The  alchemists  pass  in  array 
before  us ;  the  nature  of  moderm  chemis- 
try is  exhibited  with  sufficient  Ailness, 
and  also  sufficient  exactness  for  ordinary 
readers ;  chemical  manufactures  are  made 
to  furnish  many  readable  brief  passages ; 
but  the  nature  of  the  work  will  be  best 
seen  from  a  brief  extract  or  two : — 

"Within  the  last  ten  years  has  been 
printed  in  London  a  volume  of  consider- 
able extent,  entitled  'A  Suggestive  In- 
quiry into  the  Hermetic  Mysterv,*  1850. 
This  work, '  a  learned  and  valnable  book/ 
is  by  a  lady  (anonymous),  and  has  been 
suppressed  by  the  author.  By  this  cir- 
cumstance we  are  reminded  of  a  conceal- 
ment of  alchemical  practices  and  opinions^ 
some  thirty  years  since,  when  it  came  to 
our  knowledge  that  a  man  of  wealth  and 
position  in  the  metropolis,  an  ad^pt  of 
alchemy,  was  held  in  terrorem  by  an  un- 
principled person,  who  extorted  from  him 
considerable  sums  of  money  under  a  threat 
of  exposure.  Nevertheless,  alchemy  has, 
in  the  present  day,  its  prophetic  advo- 
cates, who  predict  what  may  be  considered 
a  return  to  its  strangest  beUef.  The  nine- 
teenth century  has  not  yet  passed  away ; 
and  Dr.  Christopher  Girtanner,  an  eminent 
profess  r  of  Qottingen,  has  prophesied,  in 
a  memoir  on  Azote,  in  the  Annates  de 
Chimie,  No.  100,  that  it'  will  give  birth 
to  the  'Transmutation  of  Metals!'  'In 
the  nineteenth  century,'  says  the  Pro- 
fessor, 'the  transmutation  of  metals  will 
be  generally  known  and  practised.    Every 


I860.] 


Francis's  Beach  Rambles. 


179 


chemist  and  every  artist  will  make  gold  : 
kitchen  utensils  will  b^  of  silver,  and  even 
gold,  which  will  contribute  more  than  any 
thing  else  to  prolong  life,  poisoned  at  pre- 
sent by  the  oxides  of  copper,  lead,  and 
iron,  which  we  daily  swallow  with  our 
food.' " 

The  following  shews  that  it  is  only  the 
bad  workman  who  quarrels  with  his  tools ; 
the  really  clever  man  finds,  or  makes, 
what  he  requires : — 

"  Dr.  Wollaston  was  accustomed  to  carry 
on  his  experiments  in  the  greatest  seclu- 
sion, and  with  very  few  instruments.  His 
laboratory  was  sealed  to  even  his  most 
intimate  friends.  Dr.  Paris  relates  that 
a  foreigner  once  called  on  Wollaston  with 
letters  of  introduction,  and  expressed  an 
anxious  desire  to  see  his  laboratory.  *  Cer- 
tainly,' he  replied,  and  immediately  pro- 
duced a  small  tray  containing  some  glass 
tubes,  a  blow-pipe,  two  or  three  watch- 
glasses,  a  slip  of  platinum,  and  a  few  test- 
tubes.  Upon  another  occasion,  after  in- 
specting Mr.  Children's  grand  galvanic 
l»ttery,  Wollaston,  within  a  tailor^s  thim- 
ble, completed  a  galvanic  arrangement  by 
means  of  which  he  heated  a  platinum  wire 
to  a  white  heat." 


HandhooJc  of  the  British  Flora}  for 
the  use  of  Beginners  and  Amateurs,  By 
Geobge  Bentham,  P.L.S.  (Lovell  Reeve.) 

Flowers  of  the  Field,  By  the  Rev, 
C.  A.  Johns,  B.A.,  F.L  S.  (Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge.) 

We  noticed  a  short  time  since**  two 
works  that  we  thought  well  fitted  to  call 
attention  to  the  beauties  that  deck  our 
fields  and  hedgerows,  but  are  too  often 
passed  by  with  indifference.  These  both 
aimed  at  popularity,  and  to  that  end  kept 
in  the  background  the  scientific  nomen- 
clature and  arrangement  that  mnst  be 
mastered  if  any  satbfactory  knowledge  of 
botany  is  to  be  obtained.  The  works  now 
before  us  take  higher  ground,  and  are 
admirably  fitted  to  arrange  and  systema- 
tize in  the  closet  the  rudimentary  infor- 
mation that  may  have  been  gained  in  the 
fields,  in  company  with  the  former. 

Mr.  Bentham's  is  really  a  most  valuable 
book.  He  is  a  practised  writer  on  other 
subjects  beside  botany,  and  every  page  of 

*  GxKT.  Mao.,  June,  1860,  p.  613. 


his  work  bears  witness  to  the  fact.  He 
describes  all  the  flowering  plants  and  ferns 
indigenous  to,  or  naturalized  in,  the  British 
Isles,  and  whilst  he  does  this  with  a  scien- 
tific accuracy  that  the  most  profound 
botanist  will  admire,  his  pages  are  readily 
comprehended  by  the  merest  tyro.  This 
union  of  accuracy  and  simplicity  could 
only  be  effected  by  an  acute  observer  and 
a  logical  thinker,  and  it  is  gratifying  to 
see  such  a  man  engaged  in  a  work,  cheap, 
handsome,  and  (as  far  as  possible)  untech- 
nical,  and  which  therefore  makes  no  heavy 
demand  of  any  kind  on  its  readers. 

Mr.  Johns'  book  is  a  smaller  one  than 
Mr.  Bentham's,  and  perhaps  not  quite 
so  logical  in  arrangement,  but  being 
furnished  with  a  large  number  of  well- 
executed  figures  of  plants,  it  is  calcu- 
lated to  be  very  useful.  The  Introduc- 
tion is  well  written,  and  the  importance 
of  mastering  the  details  there  given  is 
properly  dwelt  on.  It  is  remarked  that 
without  this  preliminary  study  the  rest 
of  the  work  will  be  of  very  little  use, 
but  it  is  made  quite  as  easy  by  Mr.  Johns' 
method  of  treatment,  as  anything  that  is 
meant  to  be  fixed  in  the  mind,  and  to  be 
permanently  useful,  can  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected to  be. 

These  two  books  are  not  in  any  sense 
rivals;  they  would  be  most  advantageously 
studied  together,  and  we  hesitate  not  to 
say  that  those  who  wish  to  note  habitually 
the  flowers  of  the  garden  or  of  the  field, 
and  thus  have  agpreeable  occupation  for  all 
seasons,  cannot  do  better  than  possess  them- 
selves of  both  these  attractive  volumes. 


Beach  Bamhles  in  Search  of  Sea-side 
Fehhles  and  Crystals,  By  J.  G.  Pbakcis, 
B.A.  (Routledges.)  We  learnt  long  ago 
that  there  were  "  sermons  in  stones,"  and 
we  have  read  with  edification  Dr.  Mantell's 
'*  Thoughts  on  a  Pebble."  Here  we  have  an 
amplification  of  the  theme,  and  the  writer 
is  so  enthusiastic  in  his  admiration  of 
*'  beaches,"  and  has  so  many  curious  things 
to  tell  about  them,  that  it  seems  we  ought 
to  confess  we  have  hitherto  wandered  on 
them  with  our  eyes  but  half  open;  we 
used  to  think  the  tall  chalk-cliffs  of  Kent, 
here  gaunt  and  white,  there  relieved  by 


180 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Aug. 


festoons  of  herbage,  more  attractive  than 
the  shingle  that  made  ns  footsore,  but  he 
has  almost  persuaded  us  that  we  were  in 
the  wrong.  He  shews  that  we  may  find 
exercise  for  all  our  knowledge  in  the  dae 
consideration  of  "a  pebble  from  the  sea- 
shore, which  the  passing  schoolboy  can 
pick  up  if  he  pleases,  and  without  looking 
at  it  for  a  moment,  can  fiing  it  at  the 
head  of  a  gull,  or  dash  it  to  atoms  against 
a  larger  stone."  ..."  It  is  a  microcosm  in 
itself;  and  if  it  lead  us  on  to  further  in- 
quiry and  patient  thought,  it  will  amply 
repay  our  trouble,  though  we  have  loitered 
away  many  a  summer  morn  or  nn  autumn 
evening  among  the  pebbles  of  the  beach." 
Whether  they  eventually  become  pebble- 
hunters  or  not,  the  following  passage  is 
one  that  our  readers  may  like  to  see,  as  a 
good  specimen  of  the  author's  style : — 

"  The  terraces  of  Margate  and  Uamsgate 
are  invaluable  to  the  tired  nrtizans  of 
London  seeking  their  well-earned  recrea- 
tion ;  but  no  poet  could  venture  to  affirm 
of  them  what  Scott  said  of  'Brignall 
banks.'  that  they  are  'wild  and  fair.' 
But  quit  these  populous  thoroughfares, 
and  get  away  to  pearly  Beachey  Head,  or 
roam  the  lone  strands  of  Yorkshire  or 
D^von,  or  go  and  lose  yourself  among 
shadowy  nooks  and  gleaming  bays  in  the 
sweetest  of  all  islands,  (Wiuht,)  and  you 
will  then  possess  the  genuine  colour,  and 
scent,  and  music,  and  mystery  of  the  sea, 
as  the  Creator  has  framed  and  blended 
that  wondrous  element. 

"  You  need  not  look  for  pebbles  unless 
you  like;  sometimes  it  were  better  not. 
But  saunter  down  to  the  water's  crinkled 
ed^e,  and  inhale  that  iudescribtible  odtiur 
from  old  rock,  slippery  now  with  dulse 
and  ribbon  weed, — Piesse  and  Lubin  distil 
nothing  to  equal  it, — and  con  the  page  in 
Nature's  volume  which  lies  open  before 
you ;  it  will  never  give  you  a  head-ache, 
nor  a  heart -ache  either." 

We  must  not  forget  to  mention  that 
Mr.  Francis'  volume  is  handsomely  got  up 
in  green  and  gold,  and  is  adorned  with 
near  a  score  coloured  engravings,  termed 
''chromo-plates,"  representing  the  polished 
surfaces  of  pebbles,  which  if  not  univer- 
sally allowed  td  be  beautiful,  may  at  least 
be  said  to  be  exceedingly  curious.  Alto- 
gether the  work  is  a  welcome  addition  to 
our  store  of  field-books,  and  may  render 
a  fea-side  stroll  more  pleasant  than  ever. 


First  Traces  of  Life  on  the  Earth;  or  the 
Fossils  of  the  Bottom-Hocks,  By  S.  J. 
Mackie,  P.G.S.,  P.S.A.,  Ac.,  Editor  of 
the  "  Geologist  Magazine."  (Qroombridge 
and  Sons.)  If  we  cannot  trust  a  Fellow 
of  two  learned  Societies,  and  an  editor  to 
boot,  to  whom  are  we  to  look  for  the  **  First 
Traces  of  Life  on  the  Earth  ?"  We  trust, 
therefore,  that  we  are  on  sure  ground 
with  Mr.  Mackie.  From  his  summary  of 
the  researches  of  Professor  Oldham,  Mr. 
Salter,  and  others,  among  the  bottom- 
rocks,  we  learn  that — 

**  If  our  first  traces  of  it  are  to  be  de- 
pended upon,  organic  life  has  not  begun 
with  the  lowest  grades,  nor  with  the 
highest.  In  the  sediments  of  those  first 
sea-washed  shores,  it  is  not  the  shapeless 
sponge,  which,  without  locomotive  capa- 
city, lazily  imbibed  the  briny  fluid  by  one 
set  of  pores  to  drive  it  out  in  streams  from 
others,  nor  the  simple  foraminifer,  whose 
traces  of  existence  we  find;  nor  was  it 
man,  of  highest  organization,  who  has  left 
his  footprints  upon  those  flrst  silent  shores. 
The  ancient  lug-worm,  formed  of  rings, 
and  not  abhorrent,  like  the  earth-worm, 
in  its  red  and  unctuous  look,  but  radiant 
with  gay  colours,  and  beautiful  to  look  at, 
like  the  sea- worms  and  nereides  of  our 
shores ;  and,  from  their  food  consisting  of 
decaying  vegetable  and  animal  matter, 
indicating  therefore  the  existence  then  of 
sea-weeds,  or  of  the  minuter  forms  of 
animal  life — the  Sertulian  zoophytes,  ever 
and  anon  protruding  their  beautiful  circles 
of  hyaline  and  feathery  tentacles,  grasp- 
ing their  tiny,  almost  microscopic  prey, 
and  the  crustaceous  Trilobite,  all  well  de- 
veloped and  by  no  means  simple  forms  of 
animal  construction.  These,  and  simple 
but  largish  sea-weeds,  are  the  flrst  fossils 
the  most  searching  inquiries  have  as  yet 
discovered,  and,  as  far  as  we  yet  know, 
these  were  all  that  lived  or  g^w  on  those 
primeval  shores,  on  which  nor  waves  nor 
ripples  landed  the  glittering  fish ;  for,  as 
far  as  we  yet  know,  the  wide  expanse  of 
ocean  waters  was  then  untenanted  by  the 
scaly  tribe."— (pp.  152—155.) 

This  is  rather  a  favourable  specimen  of 
Mr.  Mackie's  style;  it  is  in  general  far 
more  magniloquent,  and  sometimes  hardly 
comprehensible. 


Our  Home  Defences,  (Rivingtons.)— We 
do  not  believe  that  Great  Britain  lies  at 
the  mercy  of  even  the  world  in  arms, — 


I860.] 


Wharton's  The  Queens  of  Society. 


181 


she  has  withstood  too  much  already  to 
allow  the  idea, — hat  as  a  strong  defensive 
armament  is  now  very  properly  the  order 
of  the  day,  it  does  seem  strange  that 
London,  of  all  places,  should  he  left  to 
any  risk  that  can  he  avoided.  The  writer 
of  this  pamphlet  strongly  urges  the  plan 
of  surrounding  the  metropolis  with  a  chain 
of  redouhts,  and  gives  high  military  autho- 
rity to  prove  that  the  expense  would  not 
he  so  great  as  has  heen  anticipated ;  nothing 
in  comparison  to  the  cost  of  even  a  brief 
foreign  occupation,  an  argument  that  is 
worth  the  consideration  of  the  cosmo- 
politan philosopher,  to  whom  national 
honour  is  so  empty  a  name,  that  he  has 
asked,  "After  all,  is  the  loss  of  the  Capital 
so  really  vital  ?" 


meters  for  life-boat  stations,  a  tabular 
statement  of  112  lives  saved  in  the  first 
six  months  of  the  year,  and  detuled  par- 
ticulars of  a  few  of  the  most  remarkable 
cases, — we  abstain  from  copying  these,  as 
we  would  not  wish  to  deprive  our  readers 
of  the  pleasure  of  perusing  them  in  '*  The 
Life-boat,"  (which  costs  but  two-pence,) 
and  thereby  contributing  something  to 
the  funds  of  the  Institution. 


The  Life-hoat,  (Office,  14,  John-street^ 
Adelphi.)  This  is  the  title  of  the  little  quar- 
terly journal  issued  by  the  Royal  National 
Life-boat  Institution,  to  whose  claims  on 
the  public,  for  services  actually  rendered, 
we  called  attention  a  short  time  since. 
We  see  that  the  Institution  has  added 
another  life-boat  to  its  fleet  since  then, 
making  in  all  103,  which  cost  from  £300 
to  £400  a-piece,  and  require  an  annual 
expenditure  of  about  £30  each  to  keep 
them  in  serviceable  order.  We  trust  that 
these  strenuous  exertions  in  the  cause  of 
humanity  will  be  appreciated  as  they  de- 
serve, and  we  are  glad  to  see  that  the 
Press  is  quite  ready  to  lend  a  helping 
hand.  The  proprietors  of  "Macmillan's 
Magazine"  have  kindly  allowed  the  repub- 
lication of  a  very  graphic  and  truthful 
sketch,  ''The  Ramsgate  Life-boat,"  and 
"Once  a  Week"  in  like  manner  con- 
tributes a  touching  poem,  "  God  help  our 
Men  at  Sea !"  Railway  and  steam-packet 
companies  are  mentioned  as  having  in 
several  instances  given  free  conveyance 
to  the  life-boats  and  their  stores,  and 
foreign  Governments  have  shewn  their 
sense  of  the  worth  of  the  Institution, 
some  by  commissioning  it  to  procure 
them  life -boats,  and  others  by  trans- 
lating the  valuable  "  Hints  for  the  Ma- 
nagement of  Boats"  into  their  own  lan- 
guages. Discussions  on  the  Harbours  of 
Refuge  Report,  letters  on  providing  baro- 


The  Queens  of  Sodety.  By  Grace  and 
Philip  Whabton.  (James  Hogg  and 
Son.) — Here  are  two  volumes  of  arrant 
gossip,  and  that  too  about  people  of  whom 
we  have  long  ago  heard  all  that  anybody 
can  want  to  know.  Six  blue-stockings, 
six  letter-writers,  and  a  like  number  of 
"eminent  political  leaders"  are  thrown 
together  at  random,  as  "  for  certain  rea- 
sons a  chronological  arrangement  has  not 
been  followed,"  and  the  reader  is  hurried 
on  from  Sarah,  duchess  of  Marlborough, 
to  Madame  Roland,  from  Madame  Roland 
to  Mary  Wortley  Montagu,  from  her  to 
Georgiana,  duchess  of  Devonshire,  then  to 
L.  E.  L.,  to  Madame  de  Slvig^^  ^  Lady 
Morgan,  and  to  Jane,  duchess  of  Gordon. 
These  fill  out  the  first  volume,  and  the 
second  is  dis-arranged  in  the  same  style. 
There  we  have  Madame  Recamier,  Lady 
Hervey,  Madame  do  Stael,  Mrs.  Thrale- 
Piozzi,  Lady  Caroline  Lamb,  Mrs.  Darner, 
la  Marquise  du  Deffand,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Montagu,  Mary,  Countess  of  Pembroke, 
and  la  Marquise  de  Maintenon. 

Of  course  it  is  impossible  to  throw  to- 
gether particulars  of  so  many  persons 
without  here  and  there  reproducing  some 
amusing  passages ;  but  the  whole  work  it 
in  very  bad  taste,  and  mixes  up  high-flown 
sentimentalism  and  scandal  in  the  style  of 
a  May&ir  novel.  The  Queens  presented 
to  us  are  very  few  of  them  to  our  taste. 
We  have  no  wish  to  speak  depreciatingly 
of  the  departed,  but  we  must  consider  it 
mere  moonshine  to  attribute  any  great 
influence  over  even  a  limited  Society — a 
Society  much  too  small  to  demand  a 
Queen — to  such  women  as  Mrs.  Thrale,  or 
L.  £.  L.,  or  Lady  Caroline  Lamb,  or  Mrs. 
Damer.  By  reading  Fashion  instead  of 
Society,  we  may  tolerate  the  duchesses  of 


182 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Au 


g- 


Devonshire  and  Gordon,  bat  we  see  no 
reason  for  including  Madame  Muntenon 
that  would  not  equally  apply  to  Nell 
Gwynne ;  while  the  countess  of  Pembroke 
and  Mrs.  Montagu  might  very  properly 
give  place  to  Hannah  More  and  Mrs. 
Trimmer.  It  is,  we  allow,  difficult  to  draw 
up  a  list  of  notable  women  (or  men  either), 
upon  which  there  will  be  anything  like 
general  agreement,  but  we  do  think  the 
present  selection  about  the  worst  that 
could  be  made.  The  work  is  one  of  the 
most  palpable  instances  of  book-making 
that  we  have  seen  for  some  time — ^things 
absolutely  unconnected  with  the  professed 
theme  being  every  here  and  there  brought 
in  to  make  up  the  required  quantity  (e.  g. 
the  duchess  of  Gordon  was  absent  from 
London  in  1780,  and  there/ore  we  have  a 
full  account  of  the  No  Popery  riots  of 
that  year),  and  such  has  been  the  research 
of  the  writers,  that  they  gravely  assure  us 
Sir  Philip  Sidney  "  served  in  a  campaign 
with  the  young  and  brave  Prince  Maurice, 
the  son  of  Elizabeth  of  Boliemia."  Other 
slight  lapses,  like  supposing  Dr.  Donne's 
monument  to  be  still  to  be  seen  "  in  our 
grand  national  cathedral  of  St.  Paul's," 
and  making  Mickleham  and  Norbury  Park 
•*  near  Richmond  in  Surrey,"  are  only  what 
may  be  expected  in  a  book  of  gossip ;  but 
the  worst  is,  that  we  are  threatened  with 
**  another  volume  now  in  preparation,"  in 
which  the  buffoon  Scarron  is  to  be  ex- 
hibited,  we  presume  as  one  of  the  Kings 
of  Society. 


El  FureidU,  By  Mabia  S.  Cuinws, 
Author  of  "  The  Lamplighter"  and  "Mabel 
Vaughan."  (Sampson  Low  and  Co.)— The 
object  of  the  book  with  this  odd-looking 
name,  which  we  are  told  means  "  Para- 
dise," is  to  advocate  the  introduction  of 
English  capital  to  Lebanon  —  to  throw 
down  the  cedars  and  elevate  the  chimney- 
shaft  ;  rather  an  unpromising  affair  just  at 
present.  A  certain  fat  little  Frenchman, 
called  M.  Trefoil,  has  established  a  silk 
factory  in  a  mountain  village,  **  El  Furei- 
dis,"  and  this  he  is  enabled  to  fit  up  with 
a  steam-engine  through  a  loan  from  Mr. 
Meredith,  an  English  traveller,  who  of 


course  falls  in  love  with  the  manufacturer's 
daughter,  Havilah  Trefoil.  '*  Father  La- 
pierre"  is  a  missionary  (of  what  denomina- 
tion is  not  very  apparent)  of  wonderful 
acquirements;  Mustapha,  a  Turk,  is  one 
of  his  converts;  Abdoul,  a  Bedouin,  has 
been  converted  two  or  three  times  over, 
but  through  jealousy  he  somewhat  belies 
his  profession  by  trying  to  murder  Mere- 
dith ;  this  gentleman  is  saved  by  Havilah, 
marries  her,  and  sails  for  Europe,  ac^m- 
panied  by  papa,  who  is  about  to  extend 
his  connexion  with  the  silk-buyers  of  Spi- 
talfields,  and  Father  L.  adds  to  his  "  paro- 
chial duties'*^  the  superintendence  of  the 
factory.  These,  with  a  handfiil  of  Maronite 
monks,  a  Druse  or  two,  and  the  Greek 
mama  of  Miss  Havilah,  make  up  the 
dramatis  persofUB  of  this  out-of-the-way 
story. 


l^evenan  Court,  A  Tale.  By  E.  A.  B. 
(Masters.) — We  have  perused  this  book 
with  regret,  for  we  see  in  it  much  graceful 
writing  and  deep  religious  feeling  brought 
to  supportaconclusion  that  is  quite  opposed 
to  our  notion  of  "the  eternal  fitness  of 
things."  We  can  admire  Walter  Trevenan 
for  selling  his  birthright  in  order  to  re- 
lieve his  father's  difficulties,  though  they 
are  caused  by  gaming,  but  we  do  not 
admire  his  sacrificing  the  means  to  repur- 
chase Trevenan  Court  after  he  has  toiled 
for  long  years  at  the  bar  with  that  object, 
merely  to  benefit  a  selfish,  idle,  dissipated 
brother-in-law.  Such  weak  and  worthless 
characters  as  Robert  Granville  should  not 
be  allowed  to  ruin  better  people.  We 
hope  that  in  her  next  production  the 
authoress  will  take  a  sounder  view  of  life, 
not  only  as  it  is,  but  as  it  ought  to  be. 


Alice  of  Fobbing ;  or.  The  Times  of 
Jack  Straw  and  Wat  Tyler,  (J.  H.  and 
Jas.  Parker.) — ^This,  one  of  the  most  re- 
cent of  the  Historical  Tales  of  which  we 
spoke  a  short  time  since  p,  is  in  every  way 
one  of  the  best.  It  sketches  the  great 
convulsions  of  the  time  of  Richard  II.  in 
a  way  that  makes  our  received  "histo- 
id Gssrr.  Mao.,  June,  1860,  p.  M9. 


I860.] 


Fulford's  Songs  of  Life. 


183 


rians,"  from  Hume  to  Pinnock,  read  very 
tamely;  gives  a  lively  insight  into  the 
grievances  of  the  people,  which  lay  deeper 
than  the  outrage  of  the  tax-collector  at 
Dartford ;  paints  John  Wyclifie  as  he  was, 
and  not  as  he  is  commonly  represented; 
and  has,  heside,  the  recommendation  of  ex- 
hibiting pure  and  graceful  characters  alike 
in  the  castle  and  the  cottage. 


Fairton  Villages  Marion;  Margaret 
of  Conway ;  The  Two  Widows;  Mary 
Mertony  (J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker)  are 
some  further  reprints  from  the  Penny 
Post  (8d.  to  2d.)  as  cheap,  and  as  interest- 
ing  as  those  recently  noticed ;  and  equally 
well  fitted  for  wide  distribution. 


Songs  of  Life.  By  Wimiam  FuirOBD, 
M.A.,  Pembroke  ColL,  Oxford.  (Heylin.) 
— On  what  principle  except  Mors  janua 
vitcB  these  verses  are  to  be  called  "  Songs 
of  Life"  we  cannot  conceive — the  bulk 
have  such  lively  titles  as  "In  Youth  I 
died"— "On  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington" —  "  Youth  and  Death"  — 
"Dead"— "To  my  Love  in  Heaven"— 
"The  Cities  of  the  Dead"— "Doubly  Dead" 
—"The  Riddle  of  Death"— "The  Shadow 
of  Death"  and  "  The  Spirit  World."  These 
are  all  mostly  rhymeless,  and  all  reasonless 
productions;  we  will  not  be  so  uncharit- 
able as  to  quote  any  of  them;  but  we 
must  give  a  brief  specimen  of  the  wonder- 
ful effects  produced  by  love  for  "  truthful 
Madeline"  (made  to  rhyme  to  "mine"); 
this  said  love,  Mr.  P.  tells  us, — 

"  Added  softness  to  the  moonrise,  gave  new 

shapes  and  tints  to  flowers  ; 
Painted  clouds  with  myriad  colours,  made 

more  awful  thunder- showers. 
Opened  with  as  wondrous  magic  ears  that 

had  so  long  been  dull. 
Ears  that  now  in  music  caught  the  essence 

of  the  beautiful. " 

Rhyme,  it  will  be  seen,  is  not  our 
author's  forte.  He  offers  us  as  such 
"God"  and  "wood,"  "bliss"  and  "hap- 
piness," "stood"  and  "  blood.' 


tt 


— These  well-known  works  are  steadily 
progressing.  The  first  brings  the  history  of 
England  (and  incidentally  that  of  France) 
down  from  the  close  of  the  American  war 
to  the  Peace  of  Amiens ;  the  second  em- 
braces the  period  from  the  grant  of  Bengal 
to  the  Company  to  the  Battle  of  Sholingur 
in  1781.  Both  are,  as  usual,  well  illus- 
trated. 


BUuski^s  Comprehensive  Sistory  of 
England,  Pftrte  XXVIL  to  XXX.;  JStt- 
iory  of  India,  Parti  XXUL  "     ''^^ 


Harry  BirJcett ;  the  Story  of  a  Man 
who  Helped  Himself  By  the  Author  of 
"  Town  Life,"  &c. 

After  Many  Days ;  a  Tale  of  Social 
Reform,    By  Senbca  Smith. 

Steyn^s  Chrief;  or.  Losing,  Seeking, 
and  Finding,  By  the  Author  of  "  Bow 
Garretts,"  Ac.    (Tweedie.) 

These  three  books  all  belong  to  that 
very  peculiar  kind  of  literature  termed 
"  Temperance  Tales."  We  willingly  leave 
the  pleasure  and  the  profit  of  analysing 
the  various  stories  to  those  who  have  idle 
hours  at  their  disposal.  Our  opiuion  of 
them  is,  that  by  ridiculously  overstating 
the  case,  they  are  likely  to  do  much  more 
harm  than  good.  Their  writers  betray  a 
very  unenviable  acquaintance  with  vice  in 
its  grossest  forms,  and  who  can  be  ex- 
pected to  listen  to  such  teachers?  We 
were  told  long  ago,  "  Wine  is  a  mocker, 
strong  drink  is  raging,"  and  if  people  will 
not  believe  the  inspired  writer,  they  will 
hardly  be  led  to  see  the  error  of  their 
ways  by  such  efforts  as  these.  Some  of 
"  drink's  doings,"  as  one  of  these  authors 
aff'ectedly  calls  it,  are  bad  enough,  no 
doubt,  but  to  say  that  every  man,  woman 
and  child  who  tastes  "  alcohol,"  even  once 
in  their  lives,  is  ruined  for  ever,  unless 
recourse  is  had  to  the  "  gpreat  Temperance 
advocate,"  (to  whom  one  of  the  books  is 
dedicated,)  is  simply  to  venture  on  a  state- 
ment that  is  contradicted  by  the  common 
sense  and  experience  of  mankind.  One 
noticeable  feature  in  these  tales  is,  that 
the  hero  of  each  has  a  taste  for  only  these 
things — hard  work,  "  pure  and  wholesome 
water,"  and  "the  excellent  publications 
of  John  CasscU" — sufficient  substitutes, 
apparently,  for  the  faith,  hope,  and  charity 
of  less  enlightened  individuals. 


184 


[Aug. 


BIRTHS. 

July  24.     At  Berlin,  H.R.H.  the  Princess  Frederick  William,  of  a  daughter. 


March  19.  Mrs.  Spencer  A.  Perceval,  Chriat- 
church,  New  Zealand,  a  dan. 

May  9.  At  Umballah,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
C.  H.  Blunt,  C.B.,  Bengal  Artillery,  a  eon. 

June  2.  At  Dhurmsala,  the  wife  of  T.  D. 
Forsyth,  Esq.,  C.B.,  Commissioner  of  Lahore, 
a  dau. 

June  3.  At  Poona,  the  wife  of  Capt.  W.  F. 
Marriott,  a  dau. 

June  15.  At  Weymouth,  the  wife  of  E.  Bayly, 
esq.,  Dorchester  Bank,  a  son. 

June  16.  The  Uon.  Mrs.  Oowran  Vernon, 
Montagu-sq.,  a  dan. 

In  Cleveland-sq.,  Uyde-park,  the  wife  of  Major 
A.  Bunny,  Bengal  Artillery,  a  son. 

June  18.  At  Stoke  St.  Mary's,  near  Taunton, 
the  wife  of  Octavius  Moulton  Barrett,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Wimbledon,  the  wife  of  Wm.  David  Erans, 
esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister-at-law,  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  Rev.  J.  Manley  Lowe,  the  Vicarage, 
Abbots  Bromley,  a  son. 

June  21.  At  Headfort-house,  Lady  John  Tay- 
lour,  a  son. 

June  22.  At  Heavitree-house,  near  Exeter,  the 
wife  of  Col.  Little,  C.B.,  9th  Lancers,  a  son. 

In  Devonshire-st.,  the  wife  of  H.  Chetwynd- 
Stapylton,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Barking  Vicarage,  Essex,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  F.  H.  Seymour,  a  dau. 

June  23.  At  Great  Yarmouth,  the  wife  of  Jas. 
Hargrave  Harrison,  esq.,  prematurely,  a  son  and 
heir. 

At  Clifton,  the  wife  of  Henry  David  Ricardo, 
esq.,  a  son. 

At  Fulham  Palace,  the  wife  of  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  London,  a  dau. 

At  Uckfleld,  Sussex,  the  wife  of  Frederick 
Brodie,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Sutton  Waldron,  Dorsetshire, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  S.  Penrose  Downing,  a  dau. 

June  24.  At  Aikenhead-house,  Lanarkshire, 
Lady  Isabella  Gordon,  a  son. 

At  Faversham,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Lewis  W. 
Lewis,  a  dau. 

At  the  Grange,  Raheny,  near  Dublin,  the  wife 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Luke  White,  a  son. 

June  25.  At  Langham-pl.,  Lady  Mancaster, 
a  dau. 

At  Dawlisb,  the  wife  of  J.  A.  Locke,  esq.,  of 
Northmoor,  near  Dulverton,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Stanley-place,  Chester,  Mrs.  W.  Wynne 
Ffoulkes,  a  dau. 

At  Cbiswick-lodge,  Chiswick,  the  wife  of  Tarver 
Richard  Feamside,  esq.,  a  dau. 

June  26.  At  Bath-bouse,  Piccadilly,  the  Right 
Hon.  Lady  Ashburton,  a  dau. 

At  Ford-park,  Mutley,  the  wife  of  Mr.  C.  J. 
Bennett,  a  son. 

9 


At  Fermoy,  the  wife  of  Major  J.  M.  Cuppage, 
89th  Regt.,  a  son. 

June  27.  At  Worplesdon-lodge,  near  Guild- 
ford, the  wife  of  Wm.  Bovill,  esq.,  M.P.,  a  son. 

At  Palgrave  Priory,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  tho 
Rev.  Cliarles  J.  Martyn,  a  dau. 

Juru  28.  At  Kingsbridge,  the  wife  of  Captain 
Majendie,  R.N.,  a  dau. 

At  the  Craven  Hotel,  London,  the  wife  of 
Major  H.  R.  Phillott,  25th  Regt.  Madras  Infan- 
try, a  son. 

The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Horatio  Walmisley,  Vicar 
of  St.  Brivels,  Gloucestershire,  a  dau. 

At  St.  Helier*s,  Jersey,  the  wife  of  Mi^or-Gea. 
Savage,  R  E.,  a  dau. 

At  £sher-pl.,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Hugh  Clutter* 
buck,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Eastbourne,  the  wife  of  Edward  G.  Lowe, 
esq.,  a  son. 

June  29.  At  Croydon,  the  wifie  of  E.  Hodges, 
esq.,  of  Edgmond,  near  Newport,  Salop,  a  son. 

At  the  Rookery,  Dorking,  the  wife  of  G.  A. 
Fuller,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Claremont-ter.,  Mount  Radford,  the  wife 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Edwards,  a  dan. 

At  Choi8i-ter.,  Guernsey,  the  wife  of  Major 
Lennox,  R.A.,  a  dau. 

At  Guildford,  the  wife  of  R.  E.  Qeaoh,  esq.,  a 
son. 

In  Blandford-square,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Llewellyn  Davies,  of  a  son. 

At  the  Rectory,  Sutton  Veney,  Wilts,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  George  F.  S.  Powell,  of  a  ton. 

June  80.  In  Hjde-park-gardena,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Edmund  Hollond,  a  son. 

The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Langford,  Rector 
of  Oxhill,  Warwickshire,  a  son. 

July  I.  At  Weymouth,  the  wif(B  of  Edward  L. 
Kindersley,  a  son. 

At  Hampstead,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Maurice  Dram- 
mond,  a  dau. 

July  2.  In  Lyall-st.,  Belgrave-sq.,  Lady  Skip- 
with,  a  son. 

At  Upper  Hyde-park-gardens,  Lady  Stephen- 
son, a  son,  stillborn. 

At  Fetcham,  near  Leatherhead,  the  wife  of 
Edward  Budd,  esq.,  of  Westboume-terr.,  Hyde- 
park,  a  son. 

At  High  Elms,  Farnborough,  the  wife  of  J<^a 
Lubbock,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  3.    Lady  Robert  Cecil,  a  dao. 

At  Whartons,  Sussex,  the  residence  of  R.  C. 
Arnold,  esq.,  the  wife  of  Edwin  Arnold,  esq., 
M.A.,  a  son. 

At  Garth-y-Don,  Angleeea,  the  wife  of  Major 
W.  D.  Hague,  a  dau. 

At  Purbech-terrace,  Sonthsea,  the  wife  of 
Lt-Col.  Payn,  C.B.,  9Srd  Regt.,  a  dan. 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


185 


July  4.  At  the  Rectory,  Nettlestead,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  W.  F.  Ck)bb,  Jan.,  a  dau. 

At  Aldershott,  the  wife  of  Capt  J.  H.  Smith, 
R.E.,  of  a  son. 

At  29,  Chester-st.,  Belgrare-eq.,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Macdonald,  a  dau. 

July  5.  At  Torquay,  the  wife  of  Hercules 
Scott,  esq.,  of  Brotherton,  Kincardinesh.,  a  son. 

At  Aldershott,  the  wife  of  Ck>l.  Philpotts,  Royal 
Horse  Artillery,  a  dan. 

In  West-st.,  Brighton,  Madame  d' Arras,  a  son. 

July  6.  At  Norton-house,  Stockton-on-Tees, 
the  wife  of  John  Hogg,  esq.,  a  son  and  heir. 

July  7.  At  the  Maisonette,  Broadstairs,  Kent, 
the  wife  of  Capt.  George  Swaby,  a  dan. 

July  8.  At  Stubbing-court,  Derbyshire,  the 
wife  of  T.  H.  Pedley,  a  son. 

July  9.  At  Kensington,  the  wife  of  John  CMd- 
land,  esq.,  formerly  of  Prospect-house,  £ast- 
hothly,  a  dau. 

July  10.  Mrs.  Caldecott,  of  Richmond-place, 
Chester,  a  son  and  dau. 

July  11.  At  South-hall,  Guildford,  the  wife 
of  C.  F.  Smyrk,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Brixton,  the  wife  of  Spencer  Dally,  esq., 
a  dau. 

July  12.  At  Dromoland,  the  Lady  Inchiquin, 
of  twin  daus. 

At  Torquay,  the  wife  of  J.  R.  Henry,  esq.,  late 
Capt.  4th  Dragoon  Guards,  a  son. 

At  Ash  Grange,  near  Famborough,  the  wife  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Carmichael,  C.B.,  S2nd  Light  In- 
fantry, a  son. 

July  18.  At  Porthpean,  Cornwall,  the  wife  of 
De  Castro  F.  Lyne,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  a  dau. 

July  14.  At  Banks  of  Clouden,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire, the  wife  of  Major  Walker,  of  Crawfordton, 
DumfUesshire,  a  dau. 

At  Lazey-glen,  Isle  of  Man,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  M.  A.  Pierpoint,  a  son. 

At  Chase-house,  Lavender-hill,  Surrey,  the 
wife  of  William  Paton  Sutherland,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  Cavendish-sq.,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  F. 
L'Estrange  Astley,  a  son. 

At  Byfleet  Rectory,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Newton  Spioer,  a  son. 

At  Castle  Rising  Rectory,  Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Bagot,  a  son. 


July  15.  In  Chester-square,  the  Lady  Rose 
LoveU,  a  dau. 

July  16.  At  Hum-cottage,  Beverley,  the  wife 
of  Lieut.-Col.  B.  Granvile  Layard,  a  dau. 

At  Sandgate,  the  wife  of  Major  Hoste,  C.B., 
Royal  Artillery,  a  son. 

At  Knapp-house,  Northam,  the  wife  of  W.  D. 
Braginton,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  Cambridge-terrace,  Hyde-park,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Richard  Atkinson,  of  Cockerham  Vicar- 
age, Lancashire,  a  son. 

July  17.  At  South  Crescent-villa,  Filey,  the 
wife  of  MaJ.  Briggs,  late  King's  Dragoon  Guards, 
a  dau. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Fremington,  near  Barnstaple, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Pigot,  a  dau. 

J%Uy  18.  In  Upper  Hyde-Park-st,  the  wife  of 
Robt.  Dimsdale,  esq.,  a  son. 

July  19.  At  Anglesey,  near  Gosport,  the  wife 
of  Major  William  Cookson,  Durham  Militia  Ar- 
tillery, a  son. 

At  Woolston,  Devon,  the  wife  of  the  late  Rev. 
Chas.  Osmond,  a  son. 

July  20.  In  Upper  Grosvenor-street,  the  Vis- 
countess Stormont,  a  son. 

In  Portland-pl.,  Lady  Harriet  Vernon,  a  son. 

July  21.  In  Grosvenor-sq.,  the  Lady  Charlotte 
Watson-Taylor,  a  dau. 

At  the  Vale,  Ramsgate,  the  wife  of  George 
Burgess,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  King's-road,  Clapham-park,  the  wife  of 
Chas.  Hill  Devey,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  Cambridge-sq.,  Hyde-park,  Mrs.  George 
Hooper,  a  son. 

In  Adelaide-road-north,  St.  John's-wood,  the 
wife  of  Joseph  Grieves,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  22.  At  Hackney,  the  wife  of  Edward  D. 
Hacon,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Watton-house,  Eastry,  Ken^  the  wife  of 
James  Rae,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  the  Victoria-hotel,  Euston-square,  the  Hem. 
Mrs.  Frederick  Holland,  a  dau. 

At  Lansdowne-Toad,  Notting-hill,  the  wife  of 
£.  M.  Ward,  esq.,  R.A.,  a  dau. 

July  2d.  At  the  Grange,  Famham,  Surrey, 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Henry  Clifford,  a  dau. 

At  Hill-side,  Wimbledon,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Chas.  J.  Wynne,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 


March  15.  At  Christchurch,  Bong  Bong,  New 
South  Wales,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Wolseley  Campbell, 
M.A.,  Chaplain  of  H.M.S.  **  Iris,'*  to  Elizabeth 
Broughton,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Chas.  Throsby, 
esq.,  of  Throeby-park,  Berrima. 

May  8.  At  Calcutta,  Thomas  Frank  Bignold, 
esq.,  B.A.,  late  Scholar  of  Gonville  and  Caius 
College.  Cambridge,  deputy  magistrate  of  the 
city  of  Patna,  Bengal,  second  son  of  Thoe.  Big- 
nold,  esq.,  of  Lakenham,  to  Sophia  Mary,  eldest 
dau.  of  Capt.  H.  Howe,  Secretary  of  Marine, 
Fort  William,  Calcutu. 

OvsT,  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


June  12.  At  Kensington,  the  Hon.  James  Fitz- 
walter  Butler,  eldest  son  of  Lord  Dunboyne,  to 
Miss  Marion  Clifford,  only  dau.  of  Col.  Morgan 
Clifford,  M.P. 

June  18.  At  Aberdeen,  Charles  Murray  Bar- 
stow,  esq.,  to  Elizabeth  Carr,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  Alexander  Ramsay,  hart.,  of  Balmain. 

At  Clifton,  Major  W.  Goode,  64th  Regt.,  son 
of  Henry  Goode,  esq.,  of  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight, 
barrister-at-law,  to  Sarah,  only  child  of  G.  B. 
Leacock,  esq.,  and  granddau.  of  Henry  Sealy, 
esq.,  of  Berkeley-sq.,  Clifton. 

▲  a 


186 


Marriages. 


[Aug. 


At  Yeovil,  the  Her.  John  Williams,  M.A.,  In- 
cumbent of  Aberdovey,  Merionethshire,  to  Kathe- 
rine,  second  dan.  of  John  Ryall  Mayo,  esq.,  of 
Yeovil. 

Jwne  14.  At  Worksop,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Pod- 
more,  Curate  of  Eddlesborongh,  Bucks,  to  Maria 
Marshall,  second  dau.  of  the  late  John  Philip 
Forrest,  esq.,  of  Barborough,  Derbyshire. 

At  Bloxworth,  William  Henry  Clark,  esq.,  of 
Mansfield-st.,  Cavendish-sq.,  to  Frances  Amelia, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  George  Pickard-Cambridge,  of 
Bloxworth-honre,  Dorset. 

June  16.  At  Dorking,  James  Lererton  Wylie, 
esq.,  to  Jessie  Annie,  widow  of  A.  Sudlow,  esq., 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Oeerge  Laarie,  esq.,  formerly 
of  Reading. 

June  19.  At  Woolley,  Capt.  Withington,  7th 
Dragoon  Guards,  second  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Ellames  Withington,  esq.,  of  Culcheth-hall,  War- 
rington, to  Catherine  Mary,  youngest  dan.  of 
Godfrey  Wentworth,  esq.,  of  WooUey-park,  near 
Wakefield. 

At  Nympsfield,  Gloucestershire,  Wm.  Henry, 
eldest  son  of  Peter  Playne  Smith,  esq.,  of  the 
Chestnuts,  Minchinhampton,  to  Jane  Emily, 
second  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Hayward,  M.A., 
Rector  of  Nympsfield. 

At  Pembury,  Kent,  Sir  John  Charles  Kenward 
Shaw,  hart.,  to  Maria,  only  child  of  the  late  Hen. 
Sparkes,  esq.,  of  Summerberry,  near  Guildford. 

At  St  Peter's,  Bournemouth,  the  Rev.  William 
Urquhart,  Reetor  of  West  Knighton  with  Broad- 
mayne,  Dorsetshire,  to  Amelia,  only  child  of 
the  late  George  Waddell,  esq.,  of  the  H.E.I.C. 
Bombay  Civil  Service. 

At  Pljrmouth,  John  Stewart  Tnlloh,  Capt  Ben- 
gal Artillery,  to  Mary  Yawden,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  and  sister  of  the  present  W.  Tremaine,  esq., 
of  Baocamore. 

At  Coventry,  John  Rotherham,  Jun.,  esq.,  to 
Margaret,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Joseph  Howe, 
esq.,  all  of  Coventry. 

At  Shidfleld,  Johii,  second  son  of  the  late  Joseph 
Carter,  esq.,  of  Forton-house,  Alverstoke,  Hants, 
to  Agnes,  sixth  dau.  of  the  late  J.  J.  J.  Sudlow, 
esq.,  of  Heath-lodge,  Weybridge,  Surrey. 
.  At  Clifton,  Warrington,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  T.  G.  W.  Carew,  esq.,  of  Crowcombe-court, 
Somerset,  to  Mary  Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  Geo. 
Aglen,  esq.,  of  Sbepton  Mallet,  Somerset. 

June  20.  At  Durham,  the  Rev.  Henry  Walter, 
youngest  son  of  WlUiam  Walter,  esq.,  of  Surbi- 
ton-hill,  Surrey,  to  Ann  Bllen,  only  dau.  of  Anth. 
Wilkinson,  esq.,  of  Old  Elvet,  Durham. 

At  Leamington,  William  Henry,  eldest  snr- 
Yiving  son  of  the  Ute  William  Alnsworth,  esq., 
of  Southport  to  Caroline,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
Ute  John  Wilkinson,  esq.,  of  Ridgwood,  Chorley, 
Lancashire,  and  of  Thiekthom,  Kenilworth. 

At  St  James's,  Paddington,  the  Rev.  R.  J. 
Boddicom.  Rector  of  Smethcote,  Salop,  to  Ann 
Bandars,  of  Morton-honse,  Lincolnshire,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Sandars,  esq.,  of  Gains- 
borough. 

June  21.  At  Sturmlnster  Newton,  the  Rev.  C. 
H.  Collyns,  M.A.,  formerly  Student  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  eldest  ton  of  the  Rev.  C.  H. 


Collyns,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Farrlngdon,  Devon,  to 
Mary  Bishop,  only  surviving  ohUd  of  the  late 
Thomas  Arnold,  esq.,  of  Poole. 

At  Wyke  Regis,  Dorsetshire,  Horatio  Beau^ 
man  Young,  Capt.  R.N.,  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Sir  Samuel  Young,  hart.,  to  Elisabeth,  only  dau. 
of  S.  Pretor,  esq.,  of  Wyke-house,  Donet 

At  Clifton,  Thomas  Cupples  Ellis,  esq.,  of  Dun- 
ran,  Wicklow,  Ireland,  son  of  the  late  Henry 
Ellis,  esq.,  of  Dublin,  to  Augusta  Catherine, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Borne  Lan- 
caster, Rector  of  Grittleton,  Wilts. 

At  East  Woodhay,  Marmaduke  Walter  Yava- 
sour,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Marmaduke 
Yavasour,  Yicar  of  Ashby-de-la-Zoneh,  to  Sybil 
Catherine,  only  child  of  Richard  Holdsworth, 
esq.,  of  the  Elms,  Hants. 

At  Caversham,  Thos.  Davison  Bland,  esq.,  of 
Eippax-park,  to  Susannah  Emily,  youngest  dau. 
of  H.  C.  Waddington,  esq.,  of  Caversham-hall, 
Suffolk. 

At  Great  Finborough,  James  Lambert,  esq.,  of 
the  Lodge,  Mendlesham,  to  Martha  Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  Frederick  Charles  Boper,  esq.,  of 
Boyton-hall,  Stowmarket 

At  Hartest,  John  Ely  Wright,  esq..  Manor- 
house,  Preston,  to  Kate,  youngest  dan.  of  John 
Dickerson,  esq.,  of  Hartest. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  CoL  MacDougall,  Com- 
mandant Staff  College,  Sandhurst,  and  only  son 
of  Sir  D.  MacDougall.  K.C.F.,  to  Adelaide, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  P.  J.  Miles,  esq.,  Leigh- 
court  Somerset,  and  King's  Weston,  Gloucester. 

At  Christchurch,  Paddington,  Capt.  George  H. 
Pering,  of  the  21st  Royal  North  British  FusiUen, 
to  Emily  Caroline,  youngest  dau.  of  John  R. 
Thomson,  esq.,  of  Sussex-square,  Hyde-park, 
and  of  Blackstones,  Surrey. 

At  Hove,  Henry  Fawcett,  esq.,  late  Capt 
H.M.'s  Srd  (or  King's  Own)  Light  Dragoons,  of 
Broadfleld,  Yorkshire,  to  Mary,  yoonger  dau. 
of  the  late  Alfred  G.  Gilliat,  esq.,  formerly  of 
Mickleham-hall,  Surrey,  and  of  Lewea-eresoent, 
Brighton. 

At  Radipole,  Weymouth,  Ci^t  Edward  Hen- 
derson Starr,  Royal  Marine  Artillery,  K.L.H., 
youngest  son  of  George  Starr,  esq.,  R.N.,  to 
Elisabeth  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  W.  Thompson, 
esq.,  of  Weymouth. 

At  Startforth,  Yorkshire,  William  Watson, 
Jun.,  esq.,  solicitor,  Barnard  Castle,  to  Mary, 
only  surviving  child  of  the  late  Rev.  George 
Bowness,  Rector  of  Rokeby. 

At  Alston,  Cumberland,  James  Dunderdale,  of 
Crumpsale  Castle,  near  Manchester,  to  Alice 
Ann,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Potter  Heath, 
esq.,  of  Newcastle. 

At  Llanfechain,  Montgomeryshire,  Sydney 
Frederick  Arthur  Townsend,  esq.,  of  Doctors* 
Commons,  son  of  the  late  Richard  E.  A.  Townsi 
end,  esq.,  of  Springfield,  Norwood,  to  Judith 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  R.  M.  Bonnor  Maurice,  esq., 
of  Bodynfol,  Montgomeryshire. 

June  2S.  At  St  Alban's  Abbey  Church,  the 
Rev.  James  Hatchard  Bennett,  M.A.,  to  Mary 
Jane,  only  dau.  of  Thomas  Casey,  M.D. 

▲t  St.  Panoras,  Edward  Ward  Lower,  of  Ooild- 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


187 


ford,  to  Mary  Montague  Fairhead,  widow  of  the 
BcT.  F.  J.  Fairhead,  Head  Master  of  the  Royal 
Grammar-school,  Guildford. 

At  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Hartland- 
road,  Middlesex,  Robert  Conway  Hurly,  esq., 
Deputy-Iieut.,  Glenduffe,  Tralee,  co.  Kerry,  to 
Annie,  dau.  of  William  Comins,  esq.,  formerly 
of  Withcridge,  Nort^  Devon. 

At  Bath,  Arthur  Osmond,  esq.,  of  the  Penin- 
snlar  and  Oriental  Company's  service,  to  Matilda, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Bmjamin  Bartrum, 
esq.,  of  Bath. 

June  25.  At  St.  Peter's,  Fimlico,  Col.  Fred. 
Wm.  Hamilton,  C.B.,  of  the  Grenadier  Guards, 
to  Louisa,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Alexander 
Anstrutber,  of  Thirdpart,  Fife. 

June  26.  At  Exeter,  Arch.  Edwardes  Camp- 
bell, esq.,  H.M.'b  Slst  Regt.  B.L.I.  eldest  son 
of  Major-Gen.  John  Campbell,  of  Woodside,  Ply- 
mouth, to  Lucy,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Henry  Cardew,  R.E.,  of  Mount  Radford,  Exeter. 

At  Fishlake,  the  Rev.  J.  W.  M*Kinlay  MUman, 
Incumbent  of  Sykehouse,  to  Ad61e  Josephine  Jus- 
tine, eldest  dau.  of  Fran9oi8  Jean  de  Bake,  esq., 
Lille,  France. 

At  Cloyne,  W.  F.  Chambers  S.  Eraser,  esq.,  of 
St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford,  only  son  of  the  late  J.  W. 
Fraser,  esq.,  of  St.  Katherine's  Hermitage,  Bath, 
to  Clementina,  youngest  dau.  of  F.  Daly,  esq.,  of 
Cloyne,  co.  Cork. 

At  Nassington,  Mr.  Edwin  Charles  Cosway, 
Notting-hill-ter.,  Kensington,  to  Eleanor  Maria, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Hewett  Linton,  M.A., 
Vicar  of  Nassington  and  Turwell,  Northants. 

At  St.  Paul's,  Belgravia,  Capt.  C.  B.  Wynne, 
90th  Regt.,  to  Emily  F.  G.  Gore  Booth,  eldest 
dau.  of  Sir  R.  Ctore,  bart.,  M.P. 

At  Hove,  Brighton,  Henry  Charles  Fuldier, 
esq.,  of  Mindng^ane,  to  Anna  Elizabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  John  Paget,  R.N. 

At  Reigate,  the  Rev.  James  Cardwell  Gardner, 
M.A.,  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge,  third  son 
of  Richard  Cardwell  Gardner,  esq.,  Newsham- 
house,  near  Liverpool,  to  Sarah  Ann,  only  dau. 
of  David  Waddington,  esq.,  South  Bank,  Red- 
hill,  Surrey. 

At  Helhoughton,  Charles  George,  third  son  of 
R.  Dewing,  esq.,  of  Bumham  Overy,  to  ElLsa 
Maria,  second  dau.  of  the  late  R.  8.  Butcher, 
esq.,  of  Painswick-house,  Norfolk. 

At  St.  Pancras,  Middlesex,  Henry,  eldest  son 
of  the  late  H.  Harden,  esq.,  of  Wrington,  Somer- 
set, to  Anna  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  tiie  late  Lieut. 
Edw.  T.  Harris,  R.N.,  of  St.  Mawes,  Cornwall. 

At  Walcot,  Bath,  the  Rev.  Horace  Mann 
Blakiston,  Vicar  of  Blenhall,  Suffolk,  second  son 
of  Sir  Matthew  Blakiston,  bart.,  to  Charlotte, 
second  dan.  of  the  Rev.  W.  H.  G.  Mann,  late 
Vicar  of  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 

At  Twerton,  near  Bath,  Alexander  Allen,  esq., 
of  Bishport-house,  near  Bristol,  eldest  son  of 
Alexander  AUen,  esq.,  of  Ballyobigan,  co.  Down, 
to  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Morgan,  esq. 
of  Woodlands,  Twerton. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Chard,  Edward  John  Oppen- 
heim,  eflq.,of  Bifron*8-viIla,  Caversham,  Reading, 
eldest  son  of  Edward  Oppenheim,  esq.,  Faring- 


don,  Berks,  to  Henrietta   Susannah,  youngest 
dau.  of  Mr.  James  Budd,  Chard. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt.  Daniel 
Peploe  Webb,  of  the  4th  Dragoon  Guards,  to 
Eliza  Theophila,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
Theophilus  Metcalfe,  bart. 

June  27.  At  Lanheme,  Thomas  Robert  War- 
ren, esq.,  R.N.,  of  H.M.'s  gunnery  ship  •*  Cam- 
bridge," youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Tlunnas 
Warren,  of  Prospect-villa,  Coventry,  Cork,  and 
nephew  of  the  late  Sir  Augustus  Warren,  bart., 
Warren's-court,  in  the  same  county,  to  Mary 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  G.  Borlase  Kempthome, 
esq.,  late  senior  capt.  of  H.M.I.  Navy,  and  eldest 
granddaughter  of  George  Pye,  esq.,  Boconnoc* 
house,  near  Bodmin. 

At  Bedford,  Dr.  Herman  Steinmetz,  son  of  the 
Right  Rev.  C.  Steinmetz,  D.D.,  Superintendent 
Lutheran  Bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Edorin,  West* 
phalia,  to^  Ellen  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  William 
Samler,  esq.,  of  Bedford. 

At  Bromborough,  Cheshire,  the  Rev.  A.  W. 
Bailey,  M.A.,  Curate  of  St.  George's,  Everton,  to 
Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Milton, 
esq.,  of  Oakley,  Bromborough. 

At  Aylsham,  William,  third  son  of  Thos.  Paree^ 
esq.,  of  Hopwell-haU,  Derbyshire,  to  Helen, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Henry  Scott,  esq.,  of 
Aylsham,  Norfolk. 

At  St.  James's,  Paddington,  Douglas  Parry 
Crooke,  esq.,  of  Mount-st.,  Grosvenor-eq.,  to 
Emily  Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  Robert  Sayer» 
esq.,  of  Gloucester-terrace,  Hyde-park,  and 
formerly  of  Sibton^ark,  Suffolk. 

At  Hampstead,  Robert,  second  son  of  George 
J.  Morant,  esq.,  of  the  Elms,  Hendon,  to  Helen 
Maria  Eliza,  only  dau.  of  thje  Rev.  Henry  Lee 
Berry,  M.A.,  of  Hampstead. 

At  Pytchley,  R.  Domenichetti,  esq.,  M.D., 
Surgeon  75th  Regt.,  eldest  son  of  W.  L.  Domeni- 
chetti, esq.,  late  95th  Regt.,  of  Nmth  Collingham, 
Notts,  to  Dorothy,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  Heyeock, 
of  Pytchley-house,  Northamptonshire. 

June  28.  At  Salisbury,  John  Emilius  Elwes, 
esq.,  late  of  the  7th  Royal  Fusiliers,  eldest  s<m  of 
the  late  John  Elwes,  esq.,  of  Bossington,  Hants, 
to  Emily  Wilhelmina,  youngest  dau.  of  the  lat« 
Rev.  G.  P.  Richards,  Rector  of  Sampford  Cour'> 
tenay. 

At  Littleham,  Exmouth,  E.  A.  8e]rmonr  Mig« 
non,  esq.,  of  H.M.  Indian  Navy,  third  son  of  the 
late  Lieut -Colonel  Mignon,  of  the  Boabay  Fn- 
siliers,  to  Margaret  Bridget,  second  dau.  of  th» 
late  John  Charles  Campbell,  Capt«H.M.  9th  Foot, 
and  granddau.  of  Richard  Daunt,  esq.,  of  Knoek- 
ahowlea,  co.  Cork. 

At  Castle  Bromwioh,  Warwickshire,  the  Rer. 
Wm.  Wilberforce  Gedge,  M.A.,  Head  Master 
of  the  Preparatory  College,  Chdtenham,  to 
Frances  Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edwin 
Kempson,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Castle  Bromwich. 

At  Feiring,  Sussex,  George  C.  Joad,  esq.,  of 
the  Cottage,  Patching,  to  Laura  Catherine,  elder 
dau.  of  Edwin  Henty,  esq.,  of  Ferring. 

At  Edmonton,  John  James  Nason,  esq.,  M.B., 
tA  Stratford-upon-Avon,  to  Mary  W.,  seoond 
dau.  of  Henry  Biddle,  esq.,  surgeoo,  Edmonton. 


188 


Marriagei. 


[Aug. 


Also,  at  the  same  time  and  place,  Frederick 
Booker,  esq.,  of  Edmonton,  to  Thormnthis  R. 
Biddle,  youngest  dau.  of  the  above. 

At  Shillingford,  near  Exeter,  Henry  Turner, 
esq.,  Capt.  70th  Regt.,  only  son  of  George  Tunier, 
esq.,  late  of  Everton,  Lancashire,  to  Frances 
Oeare,  dau.  of  George  Turner,  esq.,  of  Barton. 

At  Lewisham,  the  Rer.  Henry  Carr  Archdale 
Tayler,  Rector  of  Orwell,  Cambridgeshire,  to 
Lydia  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Rer.  Hugh 
Arthur  Bishop,  Rector  of  Cley-next-the-Sea, 
Norfolk. 

At  Fleet,  near  Weymouth,  Charles  Edward 
Naime,  esq.,  Bengal  Artillery,  third  son  of  Capt. 
Alexander  Naime,  H.C.S.,  to  Sophia  Bishop, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rer.  John  DuprA  Addison, 
M.A.,  Vicar  of  Fleet. 

At  Swindon,  near  Cheltenham,  William  La 
Terriere,  esq.,  to  Elizabeth  Sarah,  second  dan. 
of  Wm.  Guniey,  esq.,  of  Alstone,  Gloucestershire. 

At  Leeds,  William  Atkinson,  esq.,  of  Bristol, 
to  Anna  Sophia,  younger  datu  of  the  late  Samuel 
JewittBirohall,  esq.,  of  Springfield-house,  Leeds. 

At  Cheltenham,  James  A.  Crowther,  esq.,  to 
Selina,  second  dau.  of  the  late  G.  B.  Lea,  esq., 
the  Larches,  Worcestershire. 

June  SO.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Col. 
George  Campbell,  C.B.,  late  of  the  52nd  Regt,  to 
Emma,  widow  of  Evan  Hamilton  Baillie,  esq., 
•nd  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Sir  W. 
Douglas,  K.C.B.,  of  Timpendean,  Roxburghshire. 

At  York,  F.  G.  B.  Trevor,  esq.,  of  the  India 
House,  London,  to  Rose,  third  dau.  of  William 
Hudson,  esq.,  of  Ouse  Cliff. 

At  Waloot,  Bath,  Augustus  Purefroy  Lock- 
wood,  esq.,  surgeon,  Scots  Greys,  Knight  of  the 
Legion  of  Honour,  to  Mary  Eliza,  only  child  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Simmonds,  late  of  the  Gist  Regt.,  and 
widow  of  Lleut-Col.  W.  F.  Hoey,  Wth  Regt. 

July  8.  At  Clifton,  Joseph  Clifton,  youngest 
■on  of  Mrs.  Mary  Bingham  of  Bristol,  to  Matilda 
Jane,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  Mrs.  Pleydell, 
Richmond-house,  Sydenham-road,  Montpelier, 
Bristol. 

At  St.  Edmund's,  Somerset,  the  Rev.  Geo.  A. 
Mahon,  Ineumbent  of  Leigh-upon-Mendip,  and 
of  8L  Edmund's,  to  Rosalie  Anne,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Robert  A^man  Green,  esq.,  of 
Flint-house,  Holcombe. 

At  Hampstead,  Edwin  Walter  Lulham  of 
Norwich,  third  son  of  Mr.  Thomas  Lulham  of 
Brighton,  to  Elizabeth  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  W.  ECabberton,  esq.,  of  Norwich. 

At  St  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Charles  Edward 
Badclyffe,  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Edward 
Raddyffe  of  South  Sydenham,  to  Constance 
Albuera,  dau.  of  Col.  and  Lady  Maria  Saun- 
derson,  of  Clarges-st.,  London,  and  Northbrook- 
house,  Hampshire. 

At  Christ  Church,  Forest-hill,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Biehardson,  incumbent  of  St.  Matthew's,  Pell- 
et., and  lecturer  of  the  parish  of  St.  George's-in- 
the-East,  to  Anna  Sophia,  only  dau.  of  Thomas 
H.  Burrell,  esq.,  Perry-hill,  Sydenham,  Kent. 

At  Penshurst,  Kent,  John  Unthank,  esq.,  a 
MMter  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  to  Mary, 
iUb.  of  the  late  Lient-CoL  Mooier  Williams. 


At  St.  Feock,  Herbert  Prodgers,  esq.,  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  Edwin  Prodgers,  Rector  of  Ayott 
St.  Peters,  Herts,  to  Emily  Sibella,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Phillpotts,  of  Porthgwidden, 
Vicar  of  St.  Feock. 

July  4.  At  Rockferry,  Cheshire,  Thos.  Gerard, 
«sq.,  of  Liverpool,  to  Augusta  Ruth  Cannon, 
youngest  dau.  of  Henry  Fox,  esq.,  Rockferry. 

At  Pljrmouth,  Chapman  Alex.  Marshall,  esq., 
fourth  surviving  son  of  Major-Gen.  Marshall, 
R.E.,  of  Lipson-ter.,  to  Eliza,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Henry  Greenway,  esq.,  of  Plymouth. 

At  Gloucester,  T.  M.  Ward,  esq.,  of  Exmouth, 
to  Mary,  second  dau.  of  the  late  John  Lov^rove, 
esq.,  of  Gloucester. 

At  Studley,  Trowbridge,  Robert,  second  son 
of  Thomas  Aked,  esq.,  the  Grange,  Shipley, 
Yorkshire,  to  Henrietta,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Wm.  Henry  Hill,  esq.,  of  H.M.'s  Customs, 
and  nieoe  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Robinson. 

At  Caldeoote,  Warwickshire,  Perdval  Spearr 
man  Wilkinson,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  P.  8. 
Wilkinson,  of  Mount  Oswald,  Durham,  to  Adela 
Julia  Kirkby,  eldest  dau.  of  Kirkby  Fenton,  esq., 
ofCaldeoote-hall. 

At  Beckenham,  Kent,  William  H.  Purdon, 
esq.,  C.E.,  H.M.'s  Indian  Service,  to  Matilda 
Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Von  Reinhardt. 

At  Birmingham,  Henry  John,  son  of  John 
Ball,  esq.,  Stroud,  Gloucestershire,  to  Caroline, 
eldest  dau.  of  WilUam  Rayner,  esq..  Crescent, 
Birmingham. 

At  Teston,  Lieut.-Col.  Blckerstafl;  late  Cara* 
bineers,  to  Grace  Locke  Elizabeth,  youngest  dao. 
of  Charles  G.  Whittaker,  esq.,  Barming,  Kent 

July  5.  At  Plumstead,  the  Rev.  Lewis  Stan- 
hope Kenny,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Kirby  Knowle, 
second  son  of  M.  S.  Kenny,  M.D.,  Halifkx,  to 
Arabella  Elisabeth  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  lient.- 
Col.  Walker,  of  WeUesley-house,  Kent 

At  Leamington,  Frederic  James  Orford,  esq., 
surgeon,  of  Wellesbonme,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  J. 
Orford  of  Ipswich,  to  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of 
Robert  Gardner,  esq.,  of  Leamington. 

At  Famham,  Yorkshire,  the  Rev.  ¥^lliam 
Collins,  M.A.,  eldest  son  of  William  Collins,  esq., 
of  Kirkman  Bank,  to  Jane,  fifth  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Collins,  B.D.,  of  Knaresborough. 

At  St.  Ann's,  Lewes,  William  Joseph,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Joseph  Crabb,  esq.,  surgeon,  of 
Ware,  Herts,  and  formerly  of  Christohuroh, 
Hants,  to  Mary  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  lato 
Gabriel  Grover,  esq.,  of  Lewes. 

At  St  John's-snb-Castro,  Lewes,  the  Rot. 
George  Leopold  Longland,  of  Powis-sq.,  Brighton, 
to  Emily,  second  dau.  of  Frauds  Harding  Gell, 
esq.,  of  Lewes. 

At  nford,  Wm.  G.  Bartleet,  esq.,  of  Pinners*, 
hall,  Broad-st,  London,  and  Brentwood,  Essex, 
to  Frances,  second  dau.  of  Abraham  Tozer,  esq., 
of  Cranbrook-cottage,  Ilford,  and  Mark-lane, 
London. 

At  Heavitree,  Henry,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev. 

Robert  Earle,  of  Wateringbury,  Kent,  and  Vicar 

of  Minster  Lovell,  Oxon,  to  Frances  Anne,  eldest 

dau.  of  John  Spark,  esq.,  of  Heavitree,  Devon. 

At  Lee,  Blackheath,  John  Dawson,  Jun.,  esq.. 


I860.] 


Marriages, 


189 


Gronant,  Rhyl,  to  Mary,  third  daa.  of  the  late 
Roger  Dawson,  esq.,  Tottenham,  Middlesex. 

At  St.  Mary's-in-the-Castle,  Hastings,  the  Rer. 
Edmund  Waters,  C.B.,  to  Isabella,  dan.  of  the 
late  Major  Close,  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Stonehouse,  Plymouth,  Walter  Hedger, 
esq.,  Lieut.  10th  Foot,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
William  Hedger,  esq.,  of  Surrey,  to  Charlotte 
Orantley,  dau.  of  Capt.  R.  B.  Beechey,  R.N., 
gnmddau.  of  the  late  Sir  W.  Beechey,  R.A. 

At  Dublin,  P.  Howard  Monypenny,  esq.,  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  J.  I.  Monypenny,  Vicar  of  Had- 
low,  Kent,  to  Emma  Melasina,  fourth  dau.  of 
John  McMunn,  esq.,  M.D.,  of  Rutland-sq.  East, 
Dublin. 

At  St.  John's,  South  Hackney,  A.  Crossfield, 
esq.,  solicitor,  of  Hackney-rd.,  to  Miranda  Eliza, 
youngest  surviTing  dau.  of  Dr.  King,  of  King 
Edward's-road,  South  Hackney. 

July  7.  At  Dublin,  Col.  Humphrey  Lyons, 
H.M.'s  Indian  Army,  to  the  Hon.  Adelaide  Ma- 
tilda Telrerton,  second  dau.  of  Viscount  Atou- 
more. 

July  10.  At  St.  Saviour's,  Paddington,  Daniel, 
only  son  of  Daniel  Dallen,  esq.,  of  Cobbam, 
Surrey,  to  Ann,  third  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Alderton,  esq.,  of  Paddington -green. 

At  Winchester,  Captain  Francis  Tayler,  of  the 
Royal  Military  College,  Sandhurst,  to  Eliza, 
second  dau.  of  Dr.  Heale,  Winchester. 

July  11.  At  St.  Thomas's,  Portman-sq.,  Geo. 
C.  Bompas,  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Mr* 
Sergeant  Bompas,  to  Mary  Ann  Scott,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  William  Buckland, 
D.D.,  Dean  of  Westminster. 

At  York,  the  Rev.  Wm.  A.  V^htman,  M.A., 
Minor  Canon  of  York,  to  Emily,  dau.  of  the  late 
William  Oldfield,  esq.,  all  of  York. 

July  12.  The  Rev.  C.  H.  Marriott,  Vicar  of 
Rendbam,  Suffolk,  to  Mary  Ann  Palmer,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Bruce,  esq.,  formerly  of 
Framlingham  and  of  the  Orange,  Rendham. 

At  Boroughbridge,  Wm.  Thompson,  esq.,  of 
King's-road,  Bedford-row,  London,  to  Sophia, 
youngest  dau.  of  W.  Hirst,  esq.,  Boroughbridge. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  the  Rev.  B.  R.  Theed, 
M.A.,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  and 
Rector  of  Sampford  Courtenay,  Devon,  to  Su- 
sanna Stewart,  dau.  of  the  late  Alexander  Scott 
Abbott,  esq.,  of  Cambridge. 

At  Brampton,  William  Henry  Peach,  esq.,  of 
WaingTOve's-hall,  to  Catherine,  dau.  of  John 
Dixon,  esq.,  of  Brampton. 

At  St.  Marylebone,  Philip  Palmer,  esq.,  of 
Park-crescent,  Brighton,  to  Clara,  fourth  dau. 
of  the  late  Edward  Tilbury,  esq.,  of  Patriot- 
place,  Brighton. 

At  Great  Marylebone  Church,  the  Hon.  Ralph 
Pelham  Nevill,  second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Aber- 
gavenny, to  Louisa  Marianne,  second  dau.  of 
Sir  Charles  Fitzroy  Maclean,  bart. 

July  14.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-eq.,  fltz- 
warrine  Chichester,  esq.,  second  son  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Lord  Edward  Chichester,  and  nephew  to 
the  Marquess  of  Donegal!,  to  Elizabeth  Julia, 


only  child  and  heiress  of  S.  A.  Seveme,  esq.,  of 
Poslingford,  Suffolk. 

At  Feltham,  George  Goodwin  Norris,  esq., 
Lieut,  in  the  2nd  Warwick  Regt.,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Thomas  Norris,  esq.,  to  Mary,  only  child 
of  Thomas  Pavier,  esq.,  of  Hammerwieh-hall, 
near  Lichfield,  Staffordshire,  and  the  Hollies, 
Feltham,  Middlesex. 

July  17.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Henry 
Vere  Cbolmondeley,  esq.,  son  of  Lord  Henry  Chol- 
mondeley,  to  Frances  Isabella  Catherine,  second 
dau. ;  and,  at  the  same  time  and  place,  the  Hon. 
Charles  Murray  Hay  Forbes,  of  Brux,  Aberdeen- 
shire, second  son  of  Lord  Forbes,  to  Caroline 
Louisa  Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  the 
Hon.  George  A.  Spencer. 

At  Wateringbury,  Charles,  son  of  Randolph 
Payne,  esq.,  of  Norfolk-ter.,  Brighton,  to  Eliza- 
beth Tyrrell,  youngest  dau.  of  Col.  Gibson,  of 
Wateringbury,  Kent. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  the  Princess  Vic- 
toria Gooramma,  dau.  of  the  late  ex-Rajah  of 
Coorg,  to  Lieut.-Col.  John  Campbell,  of  Her 
Majesty's  Indian  Army. 

July  18.  At  Plymouth,  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Bart- 
lett,  chaplain  of  St.  Michael's  Mount,  and  of 
Ludbrook,  to  Charlotte,  only  dau.  of  Major-Gen. 
Phillips,  late  Commandant  of  Marine  Artillery  at 
Portsmouth. 

At  Ottery  St.  Mary,  Timothy  Edward,  third 
son  of  Timothy  Rhodes  Cobb,  Esq.,  of  Banbury, 
and  Cambridge-sq.,  Hyde-park,  to  Ellen,  second 
dau.  of  Thomas  CordeU  Newberry,  esq.,  of  Ot- 
tery St.  Mary. 

At  Mitcham,  George  Watson,  third  son  of  Hy. 
Haines,  esq.,  of  the  Firs,  Beulah-hill,  Norwood, 
to  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Beebe,  esq.,  of 
Wandle-grove,  Mitcham. 

At  Blofield,  Harry  Marshall,  Capt.  »th  Queen's 
Royal  Lancers,  youngest  son  of  the  late  George 
Marshall,  esq.,  of  Broadwater,  Surrey,  to  Alice 
Heath,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Heath  Jary, 
esq.,  of  Blofield-lodge,  Norfolk. 

July  19.  At  Rockbeare,  Devon,  Col.  Hodge^ 
C.B.,  late  commanding  the  4th  Royal  Irish  Dra- 
goon Guards,  only  son  of  Major  Hodge,  late  of 
the  7th  Hussars,  to  Lucy  Anne,  second  dau.  of 
tbe  late  James  Rimington,  esq.,  of  Broomhead- 
hall,  Yorkshire. 

At  Streatham,  Chaa.  E.  Fuller,  esq.,  of  Basing- 
hall-st.,  London,  to  Abigail  Catherine,  second 
dau.  of  F.  R.  Funneby,  esq.,  Gnildersfleld,  Lower 
Streatham,  Surrey. 

At  Edinburgh,  Thomas  James,  eldest  son  of 
Edward  Monk,  esq.,  of  Lewes,  Sussex,  to  Annie 
Church,  second  dau.  of  Alex.  Brodie,  esq. 

July  31.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Michael 
Edensor  Heathcote,  of  H.M.'s  22ud  Regt.,  only 
brother  of  John  Edensor  Heathcote,  esq.,  of  Ape- 
dale,  and  Longton  Halls,  Staffordshire,  and  Oren- 
Tille-st.,  London,  to  Maud,  third  dau.  of  James 
Lang,  Esq.,  of  Greenford,  Middlesex. 

July  24.  At  St.  Paul's,  Knightsbridge,  Henry 
Bingham  Mildmay,  to  Georgiana  Frances  Bultecl. 


190 


[Aug. 


^^bUoarg, 


{Belatives  of  Friends  supplying  Memoirs  are  Requested  to  append  their  Addreeeet,  in 
order  that  a  Copy  of  the  Gentleilin's  Maoazinb  containing  their  Communication 
mag  be  forwarded  to  them."] 


LoBD  Sandys. 

July  17.  At  Ombersley  Court,  Worces- 
tershire, aged  68,  the  Right  Hon.  Arthur 
Moyses  William  Hill,  Lord  Sandys  of 
Ombersley. 

The  deceased,  who  was  bom  Jan.  10, 
1792,  was  second  son  of  Arthur,  second 
Marquis  of  Downshire,  by  Mary,  Baroness 
Sandys,  only  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Martin 
Sandys,  and  niece  and  heir  of  Edwin,  se- 
cond Lord  Sandys.  He  entered  the  army 
as  comet,  in  the  10th  Hussars,  in  July, 
1809 ;  and  in  1812,  then  a  lieutenant,  he 
accompanied  that  gallant  regiment  to  the 
Peninsula,  saw  much  active  service,  and 
was  present  at  the  action  of  Morales,  and 
the  battles  of  Vittoria  and  Pampeluna. 
While  on  half-pay  he  was  on  the  staff  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  during  the  cam- 
paign of  1816,  as  extra  aide-de-camp  to 
the  great  Duke,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Waterloo.  Subsequently  he  was 
appointed  to  the  2nd  Dragoons,  which  he 
commanded  as  lieut.-colonel  from  the 
spring  of  1832  to  Dec.  1887.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  barony  in  1836,  was  ap- 
oppointed  colonel  of  the  7th  (the  Princess 
Royal's  Regiment  of  Dragoon  Guards)  in 
March,  1853,  and  in  August,  1858,  was 
removed  to  his  old  regiment,  the  2nd 
Dragoons.  The  deceased  was  unmarried, 
and  the  title  and  entailed  estates  devolve 
on  Lord  Arthur  Marcus  C.  Hill,  his  younger 
brother. 


LOBD  ELPinirSTOKE. 

July  19.  In  King-street,  St.  James's, 
aged  53,  the  Right  Hon.  John,  Lord  El- 
phinstone,  G.C.B.  and  G.C.H. 

The  deceased,  who  was  thirteenth  Baron 
Elpbinstone,  in  the  peerage  of  Scotland, 
was  bom  June  23, 1807,  and  succeeded  his 
father  in  1813.    Ho  entered  the  army  as 


a  comet  and  sub-lieutenant  in  the  Royal 
Regiment  of  Horse  Guards,  and  in  1832 
was  gazetted  as  captain.  A  few  years  later 
be  relinquished  the  profession  of  arms, 
and  received  the  appointment  of  (Jovemor 
of  Madras.  He  held  that  office  from  1837 
to  1842,  when  he  returned  to  England ; 
but  shortly  after  he  again  visited  India 
In  a  private  capacity,  and  travelled  much 
through  our  possessions  in  Hindostan  as 
well  as  in  Cashmere.  Having  again  re- 
turned to  England,  he  was  a  Lord  in 
Waiting  to  the  Queen  from  1847  to  Feb- 
ruary, 1852,  and  from  January  to  Octo* 
her,  1853,  when  he  was  appointed  Go- 
vernor of  Bombay.  It  was  during  the 
latter  part  of  his  tenure  of  this  office,  on 
the  occasion  of  the  outbreak  of  the  Indian 
mutiny,  that  Lord  Elpbinstone  displayed 
an  amount  of  tact  and  resolution  which 
secured  him  the  hearty  goodwill  of  all 
parties.  On  the  suppression  of  that  out- 
break, he  received  the  thanks  of  Parlia- 
ment for  his  great  services,  was  made  a 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath,  and  also  created 
a  baron  in  the  peerage  of  the  United 
Kingdom.  For  some  years  ho  had  sat  in 
the  House  of  Lords  as  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative Peers  for  ScotUind.  His  lordship 
had  only  recently  returned  to  England, 
having  prolonged  his  stay  in  India  at  the 
express  request  of  the  Government. 

His  lordship  was  unmarried,  and  by  his 
death  the  Scottish  barony  descends  to  his 
cousin,  Mr.  John  Elphinstone  Fleeming, 
eldest  son  of  the  kte  Admiral  the  Hon. 
Charles  Elphiuktone  Fleeming,  son  of  the 
eleventh  baron,  bom  1819,  and  formerly 
Captain  in  the  17th  Lancers. 


GSNSBAL  SlB  ROBSBT  JOHN  HaBYSY, 

C.B.,  K.T.S. 
June  18.    At  Moosehold  House,  near 
Norwich,    aged  75,    General  Sir  R.  J. 


I860.]       General  Sir  Robert  John  Harvey,  C.B.,  KT.S.  191 


Harvey,  a  very  distinguished  Peninsula): 
officer. 

The  deceased  was  born  at  Thorpe,  near 
Norwich,  on  the  2l8t  of  February,  1786. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  Harvey, 
Esq.,  of  Thorpe  Lodge,  the  representative 
of  an  old  and  respected  family,  whom  his- 
torical records  of  the  county  first  place  at 
Beachamwell,  Norfolk,  about  the  year 
1500.  His  mother  was  Frances,  daughter 
of  Sir  Roger  Kerrison  of  Brooke. 

When  very  young  he  was  sent  abroad, 
and  studied  successively  at  Marbui^,  Leip- 
sic,  Hesse  Cassel,  and  Valenciennes;  at 
these  places  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
languages  and  general  information  as  to 
the  habits  and  customs  of  continental 
nations,  which  stood  him  in  good  stead  in 
his  subsequent  career.  Shortly  after  his 
return  to  England  he  obtained  a  com- 
mission in  the  53rd  (or  Shropshire)  Regi- 
ment, to  which  he  was  g^etted  as  an 
ensign  on  the  8th  of  October,  1803.  In 
1807,  when  he  had  gained  the  rank  of 
captain,  he  obtained  permission  to  enter 
himself  for  a  professional  education  in  the 
military  college  then  situated  at  High 
Wycombe.  But  his  studies  were  soon 
disturbed.  During  his  regimental  service 
he  had  obtained  the  good  opinion  of  Col. 
Lightbume,  commanding  officer  of  the 
53rd,  who,  on  being  appointed  a  Brig^ier- 
Qeneral,  with  the  command  of  a  division 
in  Ireland,  offered  Capt.  Harvey  a  position 
as  his  aide-de-camp.  He  accepted  the 
offer,  but  soon  found  the  post  uncon- 
genial, and  after  a  month,  chiefly  spent  in 
the  lively  society  of  Dublin,  he  returned 
to  Wycombe,  and  resumed  his  studies^ 
which  he  prosecuted  until  March,  1809, 
when  he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Fermoy, 
in  the  county  of  Cork,  on  its  being  ordered 
on  foreign  service  as  part  of  the  expedition, 
composed  of  some  6,000  men,  under  the 
command  of  Major-General  (afterwards 
Lord)  Hill.  The  53rd  landed  at  Lisbon 
early  in  April,  and  in  the  month  of  June, 
1809,  Capt.  Harvey  was  appointed  to  a 
particular  service,  of  assisting  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Portuguese  levies,  for 
which  he  was  particularly  fitted  by  his 
well-known  ability  as  a  linguist.  His 
early  studies,  beside  a  perfect  knowledge 


of  French  and  German,  had  given  him  a 
remarkable  facility  for  acquiring  lan- 
guages, so  that  very  soon  after  his  arrival 
in  the  Peninsula  he  had  made  himself 
familiar  with  those  of  Portugal  and  Spain. 

In  September  of  the  same  year  he  was 
made  a  Major  and  Assistant  Qnarter- 
Master-Qeneral  in  the  Portuguese  army, 
and  very  shortly  afterwards  he  was  em- 
ployed in  organising  corps  of  Portuguese 
guerillas  in  the  province  of  Beira.  '  At 
the  head  of  these  corps  he  was  employed, 
in  the  summer  of  1810,  to  intercept  con- 
voys and  harass  foraging  parties,  during 
the  enemies'  sieges  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo  and 
Almeida.  On  one  of  these  occasions,  with 
the  aid  of  the  armed  peasantry  alone,  he 
was  fortunate  enough  to  capture  and  carry 
off  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Penamacor 
a  heavy  convoy  which  was  under  a  g^i&'d 
of  about  150  French  regulars,  cavalry  and 
infantry.  What  added  to  the  gallantrj 
of  this  affair  was  that  the  place  at  which 
it  occurred  was  within  four  miles  of  a 
division  of  French  troops.  The  convoy 
consisted  of  lead  for  bullets,  and  tobacco 
for  the  French  soldiers;  and  Major  Harvey 
loaded  fifty-three  country  cars  with  the 
spoiL  For  this  and  similar  exploits,  thir- 
teen of  the  commandants  of  the  gaerilla 
forces  (who  were,  for  the  most  part,  priests) 
presented  him  with  a  testimonial  sword, 
bearing  their  names,  Ac,  engraven  on  the 
blade. 

On  the  27th  of  September,  1810,  Migor 
Harvey  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  was 
present  with  it  two  days  afterwards  at  the 
battle  of  Busaco.  In  the  month  of  Oc- 
tober he  was  sent  to  the  south  bank  of  the 
Tagus  to  take  command  of  the  "Orde- 
nenza,"  or  armed  peasantry  of  the  coun- 
try, and  to  prevent  any  passage  of  the 
river  by  the  French  troops,  which  service 
he  efficiently  performed ;  but  being  badly 
attacked  by  the  fever  of  the  country, 
brought  on  by  hard  work,  exposure,  and 
anuety,  he  was  sent  on  a  litter  to  Lisbon, 
and  from  thence  conveyed  to  England  for 
the  recovery  of  his  health. 

Early  in  June,  1811,  he  returned  to  the 
army.  He  was  present  at  the  second  siege 
of  Badajoz,  and  was  charged  with  the  re- 
moval of  the  sick  and  wounded,  4;,000  of 


192 


General  Sir  Robert  John  Harvey,  C.B.,  K.T.S.       [Aug. 


whom  he  transported  to  the  rear.  He 
established  hospitals  all  along  the  line  of 
march  from  Portugal  to  Spain,  and  not 
only  regulated  all  the  movements  of  the 
sick  and  wounded,  but  directed  the  march 
of  convalescents  and  recruits  to  join  the 
army  in  the  field. 

In  the  autumn  of  1811  he  was  appointed 
to  act  as  the  organ  of  communication  be- 
tween the  two  forces,  English  and  Por- 
tuguese, in  the  field,  and  as  chief  of  the 
staff  of  the  Portuguese  army  when  the 
Marshal  might  be  absent.  In  this  capa- 
city Major  Harvey  remained  attached  to 
the  staff  until  the  war  was  brought  to  a 
close,  receiving  daily  the  commands  of 
Lord  Wellington,  and  accompanying  him 
on  almost  all  occasions  in  the  field. 

In  1813  he  was  present  at  an  affair  near 
Salamanca,  and  also  at  the  battle  of  Vit- 
toria,  where  he  had  two  horses  shot  under 
him.  In  June  he  was  present  at  the  battle 
of  the  Pyrenees,  and  was  slightly  wounded 
in  the  thigh  by  a  musket  shot.  Early  in 
the  year  1814  he  was  temporarily  with- 
drawn from  the  Marquis  of  Wellington's 
head-quarters  to  act  as  Quarter-Master- 
General  to  Major  Beresford's  corps,  which 
formed  the  left  wing  of  the  allied  army. 
In  that  capacity  he  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Orthes,  where  the  left  wing  bore 
the  great  brunt  of  the  battle,  and  Col. 
Harvey  whs  thanked  by  name  in  the  public 
orders  of  the  Portuguese  army  for  his 
services  on  that  occasion.  At  a  later 
period  of  the  year  he  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Toulouse,  and  was  again  thanked 
ity  name  in  public  orders. 

At  the  close  of  1814  Col.  Harvey  was  in 
attendance  on  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, who  was  then  British  Ambassador 
at  Paris.  The  Duke  having  occasion  at 
that  time  to  forward  despatches  to  Lord 
Beresford,  at  Lisbon,  entrusted  them  to 
Col.  Harvey,  who  performed  the  journey 
of  nearly  1,400  miles,  from  Paris  to  Lisbon, 
on  horseback,  in  fourteen  days,  a  feat 
rarely  accomplished  by  any  equestrian, 
and  one  which  may  be  truly  considered  of 
an  extraordiuary  character,  considering 
the  season  of  the  year,  the  nature  of  the 
country  to  be  passed,  and  the  dangers  to 
which  he  was  exposed.   In  passing  through 

10 


Spain,  Col.  Harvey  was  stopped  by  banditti, 
(who  after  the  war  iufested  every  portion 
of  the  country,)  who  robbed  him  of  every- 
thing but  his  despatches,  and  a  few  pieces 
of  silver  which  he  managed  to  save  from 
them  by  pleading  that  he  "had  fought  for 
their  country." 

On  his  return  to  England,  after  the 
close  of  the  war.  Col.  Harvey  married  his 
distant  relative,  Charlotte,  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Robert  Harvey,  Esq.,  of  Watton, 
a  lady  of  very  considerable  possessions;  and 
being  placed  on  half-pay,  he  settled  down 
to  live  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Norwich, 
with  the  interests  of  which  city  he  be- 
came closely  connected  in  various  ways. 
Norwich  was  indebted  to  his  energy  for 
many  improvements,  as  the  early  intro- 
duction of  gtis  lighting  and  railways,  as 
well  as  for  much  care  bestowed  on  the 
formation  or  support  of  various  useful  in- 
stitutions. He  became  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Society,  also  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries and  the  Botanic  Society,  and  was 
also  an  original  member  of  the  United 
Service  Club. 

In  1817  Col.  Harvey  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood  fVom  the  Prince  Regent, 
and  in  1831  he  was  made  a  Companion  of 
the  Bath.  These,  it  must  be  allowed,  were 
but  limited  rewards  for  such  professional 
services  as  his.  The  natural  course  of 
events  raised  him  to  the  highest  grade  of 
his  profession,  but  no  less  than  fifteen 
years  elapsed  after  the  Peninsular  war  be- 
fore he  obtained  another  step.  He  became 
a  Colonel  in  July,  1830 ;  a  Miyor-General 
in  1841 ;  Colonel  of  the  2nd  West  India 
Regiment  in  1848;  Lieut -General  in  1851; 
and  a  General  only  in  1859,  when  at  the 
very  close  of  his  long,  laborious,  and  use- 
ful life.  The  decorations  he  received 
were — The  Badge  of  Knight  of  the  Por- 
tuguese Order  of  the  Tower  and  Sword ; 
the  Gold  Medal  for  the  battle  of  Orthes; 
the  Badge  of  a  Knight  of  the  Bath ;  a 
Medal  from  the  King  of  Portugal,  for 
serving  in  six  campaigns  in  the  Portuguese 
service;  the  Badge  and  Star  of  Knight 
Commander  of  St.  Bento  d'Avis  of  Por- 
tugal, for  military  services  in  the  Penin- 
sular war;  and  the  Silver  War  Medal, 
with  nine  clasps. 


I860.] 


Obituary. — John  Narrien,  Esq.,  F.R.S. 


193 


At  more  than  one  period  of  his  life  Sir 
Robert  Harvey  was  honoured  with  the 
offer  of  a  haronetcy ;  he  declined  to  avail 
himself  of  such  a  distinction,  preferring  to 
remain  content  with  the  laurels  he  had 
acquired  by  his  military  achievements. 

Sir  Robert  John  Harvey  had  three  sous 
and  three  daughters,  of  whom  five  sur- 
vive him.  He  is  succeeded  in  his  estates 
by  his  eldest  son,  Robert  John  Harvey 
Harvey,  Esq.,  who  was  bom  in  1816,  and 
who  married  in  August,  1845,  Lady  Hen- 
rietta Augusta  Lambart,  granddaughter 
of  Richard,  Earl  of  Cavan,  by  whom  he 
has  a  youthful  family. 


JoHir  Nabkiek,  Esq.,  F.R.S. 

March  30.  At  Kensington,  aged  77, 
John  Narrien,  Esq.,  late  Professor  of 
Mathematics  at  the  Royal  Military  Col- 
lege, Sandhurst. 

The  deceased,  who  owed  his  rise  in  life 
entirely  to  his  own  abilities  and  good  con- 
duct, when  a  young  man  kept  an  opti- 
cian's shop  in  St.  James's-street,  on  a  part 
of  the  site  where  the  Conservative  Club 
now  stands,  and  he  shewed  much  talent 
and  aptitude  in  constructing  delicate  in- 
struments, which  men  of  more  repute  de- 
clined to  have  anything  to  do  with.  "  As 
far  back  as  1811,"  snys  a  distinguished 
naval  officer,  "  I  prevailed  on  him  to  con- 
struct for  me  a  scale  of  chords  extending 
to  120°,  which  had  been  flinched  at  by 
others"  He  thus  gained  friends,  who, 
seeing  his  great  ability,  exerted  themselves 
to  bring  him  forward,  and  in  1814  they 
procured  him  a  suitable  appointment  in 
the  Royal  Military  College. 

Mr.  Narrien  was  well  qualified  to  be  a 
teacher,  for  he  was  accomplished,  amiable, 
and  happy  in  his  mode  of  communi- 
cating knowledge.  In  1820  he  became 
Mathematical  Professor  at  the  Senior  De- 
partment, and  he  was  long  the  virtual 
head  of  the  establishment ;  his  official 
superior  pronounced  him  "the  most  use- 
ful and  talented  person  at  the  College," 
and  such  was  the  versatility  of  his  talent 
that  every  branch  of  study  except  military 
surveying  was  taught  by  him.  Though 
his  favourite  studies  were  pure  mathema- 
tics and  astronomy,  he  taught  thoroughly 
Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


fortification  and  castrametation,  gunnery 
and  tactics,  as  welL  In  the  course  of  bis 
forty-one  years'  service  he  had  under  his 
charge  many  of  the  leading  military  men 
of  the  present  day,  and  he  so  conciliated 
all  with  whom  he  was  thus  connected,  that 
on  three  occasions  he  was  presented  with 
very  handsome  testimonials  from  his  pupilsi 
accompanied  by  addresses  of  the  most  flat- 
tering description.  One  of  these  instances 
was  in  1841-2,  when  upwards  of  eighty 
officers,  including  both  army  and  navy, 
who  had  benefited  by  his  instructions, 
subscribed  for  his  portrait.  Sir  Edward 
Paget  and  Sir  George  Murray,  ex-Gover- 
nors of  the  College,  joined  them  in  th^ 
testimonial,  and  among  the  names  were 
those  of  Col.  Chesney,  of  the  Euphrates 
expedition,  and  Lieut.  Fitz-James,  who 
perished  with  Franklin  and  Crozier. 

A  general  officer,  who  was  one  of  hii 
pupils  in  1836-7,  says, — 

"  My  old  friend  Narrien  was  the  most 
able  as  well  (is  the  most  talented  man  that 
I  ever  knew.  If  be  had  a  single  fault,  it 
was  that  of  being  too  much  devoted  to  his 
favourite  science,  the  highest  branches  of 
mathematics,  which  led  him  to  make  his 
military  pupils  study  spherical  trigono- 
metry, astronomy,  Gregory,  La  Place,  .and 
Poisson,  when  they  might  have  been  ud- 
vantagcously  employed  in  a  more  practical 
manner  as  far  as  their  future  profession 
was  concerned ;  he  forgot,  perhaps,  that  he 
had  to  deal  with  the  Line,  and  not  with 
Engineers  or  Artillery." 

A  very  similar  picture  is  drawn  of  the 
good  Professor  in  a  work  published  a  few 
years  ago,  where  the  writer  is  treating  of 
residence  at  Sandhurst : — 

"The  Hall  [at  Sandhurst]  is  appro- 
priated exclusively  to  the  Senior  Depart- 
ment, and  at  its  head  was  then  one  of  the 
best,  most  amiable,  most  talented  of  men. 
Long  may  John  Narrien  live!  and  long 
may  he  continue  to  implant  the  love  of 
science  in  the  British  officer's  breast ;  long 
may  he  live  to  enlighten  the  embryo 
generals  of  a  future  £ij ;  to  infuse,  with 
his  patient  and  gentle  system  of  instruc- 
tion, military  knowledge  into  their  minds  ; 
and  also  to  benefit  the  world  by  the  pro- 
ductions of  his  pen  *." 


•  (« The  linesman,"  by  Colonel  £len  Napier. 
1856. 

Bb 


194 


Obitvasy. — John  HnlaUon,  Esq. 


[Au 


g- 


In  one  instance,  at  least,  this  sdentific 
instmction  has  benefited  both  the  public 
and  the  individual,  for  Sir  George  Grey, 
now  Governor  of  the  Cape,  has  publicly 
acknowledged  that  he  owed  the  being  able 
to  conduct  his  first  Australian  expedition 
as  far  as  Perth  entirely  to  the  knowledge 
that  he  gained  at  the  College  from  Mr. 
Narrien. 

Mr.Narrien  was  the  author  of  several 
valuable  works  on  scientific  subjects,  and 
his  "History  of  Astronomy"  has  been 
pronounced  by  high  authority  as,  taken 
altogether,  about  the  best  of  its  kind.  His 
favourite  field  of  study  was  pure  science, 
but  his  active  mind  was  readily  thrown 
upon  any  other  as  the  occasion  arose;  and 
a  friend  says, — 

"  There  was  hardly  a  work,  of  however 
profound  or  light  a  nature,  that  he  was 
not  acquainted  with.  As  a  proof  how 
readily  he  could  take  up  any  subject,  I 
may  mention  that  on  one  occasion,  as  a 
kind  of  test,  I  asked  his  opinion  of  a  geo- 
logical  work,  in  Portuguese,  a  language 
of  which  he  knew  notlung.  He  applied 
himself  to  it,  however,  and  in  less  than  a 
fortnight  he  mastered  enough  to  g^ve  me 
a  verv  fur  translation  of  a  passage  or  two, 
on  which  he  had  founded  a  sound  judg- 
ment." 


John  Finlaisok,  Esq. 

April  13.  At  Lansdowne-crescent,  Not- 
ting-hill,  aged  76,  John  Finlaison,  Esq. 

Mr.  Finlaison  was  bom  at  Thurso,  in 
Caithness,  N.B.,  on  Aug.  27,  1783.  As 
he  reached  manhood  he  made  many  friends, 
and  by  their  help  qualified  himself  for 
practice  at  the  Scottish  bar.  Visiting 
London,  however,  on  legal  business  about 
the  year  1804,  he  was  induced  to  change 
his  views ;  and  soon  after,  probably  in  the 
early  part  of  the  year  1806,  he  entered 
the  Admiralty,  where  he  di«tingpiished 
himself  by  entirely  reorganizing  the  sys- 
tem under  which  the  vast  correspondence 
of  the  department  was  then  Imperfectly 
carried  on. 

The  Navy  List  was  first  compiled  in  its 
present  semi-official  form  by  him,  and  was 
published  monthly  under  his  superintend- 
ence. A  scheme  for  the  establishment  of 
a  Widows'  Fund  in  the  Civil  Service,  and 


also  a  similar  plan,  afterwards  carried  out, 
on  behalf  of  the  Naval  Medical  Officers' 
Widows,  drew  Mr.  Finlaison's  attention  in 
1817  to  the  study  of  vital  statistics.  In- 
formation of  this  description  was  at  that 
time  extremely  meagre  and  unsatisfac- 
tory ;  but  resorting  to  the  official  records 
of  the  Exchequer,  where  certain  classes  of 
life  annuities,  chiefiy  tontines,  had  long 
been  payable,  Mr.  Finlaison  established 
from  authentic  data  those  deductions 
which  enabled  him  to  point  out  with  suc- 
cess the  unfitness  of  the  tables  then  made 
use  of  by  the  Government  for  the  sale  of 
life  annuities.  Mr.  Vansittart  (at  that  time 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer)  saw  the  way 
by  the  new  lights  thus  acquired  to  the 
adoption  of  a  sounder  system,  which  ulti- 
mately was  carried  out,  and  was  attended 
with  an  immense  pecuniary  saving  to  the 
country.  So  distinct  and  decided  were 
Mr.  Finlaison's  general  services  on  this 
question,  that  he  was  appointed  in  1821  to 
the  office  of  Government  Actuary. 

Henceforth  his  counsel  and  calculative 
powers  were  sought  where  any  of  the  pub- 
lic measures  involved  considerations  of  po- 
litical arithmetic:  the  negotiation  with 
the  Bank  of  England  for  its  acceptance 
of  the  charge  for  Public  Pensions  in  con- 
sideration of  the  'Dead  Weight'  an- 
nuity; the  investigations  in  1825  and 
1827,  by  select  committees  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  of  the  general  condition  of 
Friendly  Societies;  the  preparation  of 
his  Report  in  1829,  on  the  evidence  and 
elementary  facts  on  which  his  New  Tablet 
of  Life  Annuities  were  founded.  This  im- 
portant document  contained  twenty-one 
New  Observations  of  the  Law  of  Mortality, 
and  one  observation  of  the  Ijsw  of  Sick- 
ness prevailing  among  the  labouring  classes 
in  London.  It  was  printed,  and  20  years 
afterwards  reprinted,  by  order  of  the  House 
of  Commons.  Vast  computations  were  aUo 
made  by  Mr.  Finlaison,  of  the  duration  of 
slave  and  Creole  life,  vrith  reference  to  the 
emancipation  of  the  slaves  in  1834;  and  to 
the  West  India  loan  raised  for  that  pur- 
pose. Mr.  Finlaison's  Report  on  the  late 
Mr.  Hume's  resolutions  concerning  the 
loan,  is  a  parliamentary  paper  well  worth 
perusal.    In  the  preparation  of  the  mea* 


I860.] 


Obituary. — Mr.  Joseph  Morris. 


195 


surcs  emanating  from  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commission  in  1836  and  1836,  in  the 
steps  leading  to  the  fi*aming  of  the  '  Ap- 
propriation Clause/  and  in  the  prelimi- 
naries to  the  discussion  of  the  Church-rate 
question  in  1837,  Mr.  Finlaison  was  more 
largely  consulted,  and  his  resources  of  cal- 
eolation  more  greatly  called  out,  than  is 
commonly  known  to  the  puhlic  He  was 
also  referred  to  on  certain  points  con- 
nected with  the  establishment  in  1837,  of 
the  registration  of  births,  deaths,  and 
marriages.  The  closeness  of  his  estimate 
of  the  deaths  which  probably  would  be 
registered  in  the  first  jear,  attracted  much 
notice,  when  found  to  be  only  14  in  ex- 
cess of  335,956  actually  recorded. 

After  labour  so  engrossing,  it  may  be 
readily  understood  that  an  interval  of 
repose  was  necessary.  However,  from  time 
to  time,  his  evidence  was  required  by  royal 
commissions  and  select  committees  of  both 
Houses  of  Parliament ;  until  he  finally  re- 
tired in  August,  1851,  from  his  position  as 
Actuary  of  the  National  Debt  and  Go- 
vernment Calculator.  In  1846  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  Institute  of  Ac- 
tuaries, an  honour  which  he  prized  most 
highly.  For  the  last  nine  years  of  his  life, 
his  studies  were  chiefly  directed  to  two 
subjects.  These  were  the  chronology  and 
internal  evidence  of  the  truth  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  the  universal  relationship  of 
ancient  and  modem  weights  and  mea- 
sures. His  researches,  which  were  exceed- 
ingly profound  on  the  last-mentioned  topic, 
led  him  to  form  opinions  decidedly  adverse 
to  the  introduction  into  this  country  of  a 
decimal  system  of  coinage  and  metrology. 
The  last  few  years  of  his  Ufe  were  passed  in 
comparative  ease  and  tranquillity,  until  he 
was  suddenly  attacked  by  congestion  of 
the  lungs  on  Good  Friday,  April  6,  and  he 
passed  away  on  the  following  13th,  in  his 
77th  year. 

The  above  notes  relate  to  Mr.FinUuson's 
public  services  only ;  and  from  the  record 
of  his  official  career  the  youth  of  the  pre- 
sent day  may  learn  that  merit  will  usually 
secure  patrons,  even  when  unaccompanied 
by  interest  or  official  influence.  There 
were  many  incidents  growing  out  of  his 
official  career,  however,  that  were  both 


interesting  and  instructive,  but  for  which 
there  is  no  room  within  the  limits  of  this 
brief  memoir. 


Mb.  Joseph  Mossis. 

AprH  19.  At  his  residence,  St.  John's 
Hill,  Shrewsbury,  aged  68,  Mr.  Joseph 
Morris. 

He  was  bom  in  Shrewsbury,  April  24, 
1792,  and  was  apprenticed  to  Messrs. 
Eddowes,  proprietors  of  the  "Salopian 
Journal,*'  with  whom  he  was  connected 
for  upwards  of  thirty  years;  for  a  consi- 
derable part  of  that  time  he  was  the  man- 
ager of  their  printing  business,  and  also 
for  twenty  years  editor  of  the  Journal. 

In  1839  Mr.  Morris  resigned  this  oc- 
cupation, and  became  the  cashier  of  Mr. 
Loxdale  and  Mr.  Peele,  at  the  Guildhall, 
Shrewsbury,  and  conducted  the  finance 
business  of  the  County  Treasurer,  where 
he  remained  until  the  1st  of  January  last, 
when  he  was  seized  with  illness,  which  at 
length  terminated  his  useful  and  valuable 
life,  which  from  earliest  youth  was  emi- 
nently characteristic  of  a  truly  honest 
man,  ever  willing  as  weU  as  able  to  be 
serviceable.  Indeed,  few  persons  in  his 
position  have  secured  more  efibctnally  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  their  friends,  or 
the  respect  of  those  who  differed  from  them 
on  questions  of  local  or  public  interest. 

Notwithstanding  the  daily  duties  of  bu- 
siness which  he  indefatigably  discharged, 
Mr.  Morris  most  efficiently  acted  for  many 
years  as  the  Assessor  on  the  Conservative 
interest  of  the  Municipal  Revision  Court, 
as  Chairman  of  the  Directors  of  the 
Shrewsbury  Poor  Incorporation,  and  for 
the  last  four  years  as  Churchwarden  of 
the  extensive  parish  of  St.  Chad,  and  in 
the  management  of  the  numerous  chari- 
ties connected  therewith. 

Mr.  Morris  was  endowed  with  a  mind 
singularly  clear  and  accurate,  as  well  as 
firm  and  judicious.  He  possessed  consider- 
able natural  abilities,  and  his  energy  and 
untiring  perseverance  were  remarkable. 
He  was  a  loyal  subject,  an  earnest  sup- 
porter of  the  Church  of  England  in  her 
rights  and  privileges,  a  humble  admirer  of 
her  doctrines  and  practice  in  their  ilm* 


196       Thomas  Bell,  Esq, — Horace  Hayman  Wilson,  Esq,      [Aug. 


plicity  and  tmth,  and  a  zealous  friend  of 
the  educational  improvement  of  the  hum- 
ble classes. 

Mr.  Morris  devoted  his  leisure  hours  to 
the  collection  of  historical  and  genealo- 
gical information  relating  to  most  of  the 
families  in  Shropshire  and  North^  Wales, 
which  he  executed  with  extraordinary  care 
and  accuracy.  He  has  left  numerous  folio 
manuscript  volumes  written  and  compiled 
by  himself,  which  are  valuable  and  lasting 
memorials  of  his  knowledge  and  industry, 
and  which,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  be 
placed  in  some  public  depository,  inas- 
much  as  they  record  information  and  de- 
scents of  families  which  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible elsewhere  now  to  obtain.  Mr.  Morris 
was  well  skilled  in  the  ancient  British 
langpiage,  and  particularly  so  in  the  deci- 
phering and  translating  of  ancient  deeds 
and  documents,  and  he  had  numer- 
ous correspondents  in,  and  applications 
from,  various  quarters,  as  well  abroad  as 
in  this  country,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
researches,  all  which  he  promptly  and 
gratuitously  replied  to  with  courtesy  and 
talent.  Hence,  whilst  his  death  was  gene- 
rally deplored  by  his  fellow-townsmen,  a 
similar  feeling  will  also  be  fully  shared 
by  many  of  the  noblemen  and  gentry  of 
Shropshire,  by  whom  he  was  well  known 
and  duly  estimated. 

He  married  February  12th,  1815,  Miss 
Elizabeth  Abbot,  by  whom  he  had  one  son, 
John,  who  died  March  25th,  1825,  aged  9 
years. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  Morris  were  in- 
terred in  the  General  Cemetery,  Shrews- 
bury, April  23rd,  near  those  of  his  brother, 
Mr.  George  Morris,  of  whom  a  memoir 
was  inserted  in  the  Gentleman's  Maoa- 
ZT^'R  for  September,  1859. 


Thomas  Bell,  Esq. 

April  30.  At  his  residence,  in  Cum- 
berland-row, Newcastle-on-Tyne,  aged  74, 
Thomas  Bell,  Esq.,  land  valuer  and  sur- 
veyor, and  a  diligent  antiquary. 

In  his  profession  Mr.  Bell  was  a  man 
of  conspicuous  ability,  and  his  experience 
and  connections  were  so  considerable  that 
the  greater  portion  of  the  land  in  the 
northern  counties  had  passed  ondelr  his 


professional  notice.  On  the  death  of  his 
father  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  sur- 
veyors and  land-valuers  of  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland.  He  was  also  commis- 
sioner, valuer,  or  surveyor  on  the  division 
of  most  of  the  common  lands  in  the  dis- 
trict that  have  been  enclosed,  and  was 
arbitrator  for  the  settlement  of  the  pur- 
chase money  of  the  land  abstracted  by  the 
formation  of  the  various  railways  in  the 
northern  district  during  the  last  half 
centary. 

Although  Mr.  Bell  has  not  left  behind 
him  any  published  works,  his  library  was 
gpreatly  enriched  by  his  manuscript  genea- 
logical and  antiquarian  compilations,  and 
we  find  that  the  authors  of  most  of  the 
topographical  and  antiquarian  works  of 
local  interest  acknowledge  his  aid  in  their 
undertakings;  in  particular,  he  gpreatly 
assisted  his  late  friend,  the  Rev.  John 
Hodgson,  in  his  "  Hbtory  of  Northumber- 
land." A  collector  from  his  youth,  Mr. 
Bell  brought  together  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  valuable  collections  of  books, 
papers,  and  engravings  ever  formed  in 
the  north  of  England,  particularly  in 
matters  of  local  interest.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
of  Newcastle,  and,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  one  of  its  council.  The  rise  and 
early  progress  of  the  Literary  and  Philo- 
sophical Society  of  Newcastle  was  much 
indebted  to  his  exertions,  and  his  mem- 
bership continued  to  his  death.  With 
many  of  the  charitable  and  religious  asso- 
ciations of  the  district  Mr.  Bell  was  offi- 
cially connected,  and  otherwise  throughout 
his  long  life  he  pursued  an  even  and  con- 
sistent course  as  an  honourable  man  and 
a  worthy  and  useM  citizen,  and  now 
passes  from  among  his  fellow-townsmen 
lamented  and  beloved  by  all  with  whom 
he  was  connected.  The  fdneral  took  place 
on  Friday  the  4th  inst.,  his  remidns  being 
interred  in  the  family  vault  at  Jesmond 
cemetery. 


HoBACE  Hayxak  Wilson,  Esq. 

May  8.  In  Upper  Wimpole- street,  aged 
74,  H.  H.  Wilson,  Esq.,  Boden  Professor 
of  Sanscrit  in  the  Univeruty  of  Oxford. 


I860.]  Obituary. — Horace  Hayman  Wilson,  Esq. 


197 


This  distinguished  Orientalist  went  to 
India  in  September,  1808,  as  an  Assistant- 
Surgeon  on  the  Bengal  Establishment.  As 
he  had  qualified  himself  by  a  knowledge 
of  chemistry  and  of  the  practical  analy- 
sis  of  metals  for  the  duties  of  assay,  his 
services  were  withdrawn  from  the  usual 
career  of  medical  men  in  India,  and  he 
was  at  once  attached  to  the  Mint  at  Cal- 
cutta, in  association  with  Dr.  Leyden. 
Upon  the  decease»of  Dr.  Hunter  in  1811- 
12,  H.  H.  Wilson,  who  was  already  known 
as  a  proficient  in  Sanscrit  literature,  was 
appointed,  upon  H.  T.  Colebrooke's  recom- 
mendation, to  be  the  Secretary  of  the 
Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  In  1813  he 
published  a  poetical  translation  of  the 
Megha  Duta,  an  epic  poem  of  Kalidas, 
which  obtained  a  world-wide  reputation ; 
and  he  undertook  the  laborious  work  of 
preparing  for  the  press,  ftrom  materials 
collected  by  Colebrooke,  a  dictionary  of 
the  Sanscrit  language,  with  English  inter- 
pretations. This  was  completed  in  1819, 
and  a  second  edition  was  published  in 
1832.  It  has  been  the  key  by  which 
mainly  the  learned  of  Europe  have  ob- 
tained access  to  this  branch  of  literature ; 
and  the  lexicographer  to  whom  all  acknow- 
ledged such  obligations  took  at  once  a  high 
position  among  the  scholars  of  the  age. 

But  the  literary  labours  of  H.  H.  Wilson 
were  by  no  means  confined  to  Sanscrit. 
In  association  with  Dr.  Atkinson,  he  esta- 
blished a  periodical,  which  was  not,  how- 
ever, very  long  continued.  He  also  com- 
piled, in  1827,  a  history  of  the  first  Bur- 
mese war ;  and  was  employed  by  the  Qo- 
vemment  of  India  in  preparing  a  catalogue 
of  the  manuscripts  collected  by  Colonel 
Colin  Mackenzie  in  the  south  of  India. 
In  1834  he  published  separately,  under 
the  title  of  the  "Hindu  Theatre,"  a  transla- 
tion into  English,  with  a  preliminary  essay, 
of  four  Sanscrit  dramas  of  antiquity.  The 
work  was  received  with  much  astonish- 
ment, and  with  very  general  favour;  for 
the  dramas  were  found  to  possess  much 
artistic  merit  in  the  combination  of  inci- 
dents and  in  the  exhibition  of  character ; 
one  especially,  the  MrichchakaH,  or  Clay 
Go-cart,  was  of  peculiar  interest,  as  a  re- 
presentation of  the  manners,  and  habits 


of  thought,  and  condition  of  society  in 
Central  India  at  a  very  remote  period. 
These  four  dramas,  with  the  Sdhdntala, 
previously  translated  by  Sir  William  Jones, 
are  among  the  most  curious  relics  of  In- 
dian antiquity  that  have  yet  been  dis- 
covered and  laid  before  the  world. 

The  above  and  other  fruits  of  Wilson's 
literary  labour  were  the  produce  of  lei- 
sure hours,  not  exacted  by  the  conscien- 
tious discharge  of  efficient  duties.  The 
Government  of  India  had  frequent  occa- 
sion to  acknowledge  its  obligation  to  ita 
learned  Assay  Master  and  Mint  Secretary 
for  reforms  introduced  into  the  coinage, 
and  for  other  departmental  services  of 
eminent  public  merit.  But  neither  offi- 
cial duties  nor  literary  pursuits,  nor  both 
these  combined,  were  sufficient  for  the 
active  mind  of  Mr.  Wilson  at  this  period 
of  his  life.  As  a  member  of  society,  he 
joined  with  ardour  in  every  scheme  of 
public  amusement;  and  was,  besides,  the 
originator  and  promoter  of  many  mea- 
sures for  the  permanent  improvement  of 
the  people  among  whom  his  lot  was  cast. 
The  Theatre  of  Chowringhee  owed  for 
many  years  its  succe;fs  to  his  management 
and  histrionic  talents;  while  his  muacal 
skill  and  proficiency  gave  him  a  place  in 
every  concert.  But  his  name  will  live 
in  India,  and  especially  in  Bengal,  for 
the  part  he  took  in  promoting  usefyd 
instruction ;  H.  H.  Wilson  was  the  first 
person  who  introduced  the  study  of  Euro- 
pean science  and  EngUsh  literature  into 
the  education  of  the  native  population, 
whose  knowledge  of  English  had  hitherto 
been  confined  to  qualification  for  the  situa- 
tion of  an  office  clerk.  For  many  conse- 
cutive years  Wilson  was  the  Secretary  to 
the  Committee  of  Public  Instruction  at 
Calcutta,  and  he  devoted  himself  especially 
to  directing  the  studies  of  the  Hindu  Col- 
lege, from  the  date  of  its  establishment ; 
and  it  was  here  first  that  the  native  youth 
of  India  were  trained  to  pass  examinations 
that  would  not  have  discredited  first-cbiss 
seminaries  of  England. 

In  1833,  the  University  of  Oxford  hay- 
ing, through  the  magnificent  bequest  of 
Colonel  Boden,  established  a  Professorship 
of  Sanscrit,  Mr.  Wilson,  who  was  ttill  in 


198 


George  Payne  Raymford  James,  Esq. 


[Aug. 


India,  was  selected  unsolicited,  but  not 
without  competition,  for  that  liberally  en- 
dowed situation,  as  a  tribute  to  the  repu- 
tation won  by  his  literary  works  and  the 
eminent  position  he  occupied  among  Ori- 
ental scholars.  He  returned  soon  after  to 
England,  and  was  appointed  also  to  the 
office  of  Librarian  to  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, in  succession  to  Dr.  Wilkins. 

Thus  placed  in  England,  in  a  position 
of  pecuniary  independence,  with  every 
motive  and  all  the  advantages  he  could 
desire,  he  freely  devoted  his  powerful 
mind  to  the  favourite  pursuit*  of  his  life ; 
and  his  ready  aid  in  promoting  every  use- 
ful object,  and  means  of  extending  in- 
formation upon  Oriental  subjects,  will  live 
in  the  recollection  of  every  one  who  has 
enjoyed  the  felicity  of  association  in  such 
labours. 

It  was  the  distinguishing  characteristic 
of  his  mind  that  he  considered  nothing 
unworthy  of  his  labour  that  was  calculated 
to  be  useful;  and  was  never  influenced 
in  his  undertakings  by  the  mere  desire 
of  acquiring  distinction  or  increasing  his 
fame.  Many  of  these  works  exhibit  powers 
of  illustration  and  close  reasoning  which 
will  place  their  author  in  a  high  position 
among  the  literary  men  of  the  age.  But 
it  is  as  a  man  of  deep  research,  and  as  a 
Sanscrit  scholar  and  Orientalist,  as  the 
successor  of  Sir  William  Jones  and  H.  T. 
Colebrooke,  the  worthy  wearer  of  their 
mantles,  and  the  inheritor  of  the  pre- 
eminence they  enjoyed  in  this  particular 
department  of  literature,  that  his  name 
will  especially  live  among  the  eminent 
men  of  learning  of  his  age  and  country. 

A  list  of  Professor  Wilson's  publications, 
drawn  up  by  himself  very  shortly  before 
his  decease,  contains  fifteen  original  works, 
and  seven  others  edited,  with  introductions, 
copious  notes,  &c.,  and  forty- two  contri- 
butions (usually  of  elaborate  character)  to 
the  Transactions,  Journals,  &c.  of  various 
literary  societies,  and  the  enumeration  is 
known  not  to  be  complete.  Many  of  these 
papers  appeared  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Asiatic  Society,  of  which  the  de- 
ceased was  for  many  years  Director. — 
Summarixed  from  a  Memoir  hy  JT.  T. 
Primep,  Esq. 


Geobge  Payne  Kayi^sfobd  James,  Esq. 

May  9.     At  Venice,  aged  59,  G.  P. 
R.  James,  Esq.,  British  Consul-General. 

The  deceased  was  born  in  London  in 
1801.  His  father's  family  was  origi- 
nally from  Staffordshire,  and  his  mother 
was  a  Scotchwoman.  He  very  early 
evinced  literary  tastes,  and  frt)m  time  to 
time  he  wrote  small  pieces,  which  were 
sent  anonymously  to  the  journals  and  re- 
views. He  also  wrote  a  number  of  short 
tales  for  the  amusement  of  himself  and 
friends,  which  were  never  published.  Mr. 
Washington  Irving,  however,  having  seen 
one  of  them,  strongly  advised  the  author 
to  attempt  something  more  important. 
The  result  of  this  encouragement  was  the 
novel  of  "Richelieu,"  which  was  com- 
pleted in  the  year  1825.  The  manuscript 
of  "  Richelieu"  was  shewn  to  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  and  met  with  the  approbation  of 
the  great  novelist  and  poet,  who  strongly 
advised  the  publication  of  the  work.  It 
appeared  accordingly  abont  1828,  and  met 
with  great  success.  This  decided  Mr. 
James'  literary  career,  and  he  has  written 
a  great  number  of  novels  which,  though 
of  little  real  merit,  have  attained  to  a 
high  degree  of  popularity  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  He  was  undoubtedly  the 
most  voluminous  novel-writer  of  the  day, 
or  perhaps  of  any  day ;  and  he  also  pro- 
duct d  several  historical  works,  but  these 
are  confessedly  of  small  value,  yet  having 
"friends  at  Court,"  he  was  rewarded  by 
William  IV.  with  the  honorary  post  of 
historiographer.  About  the  year  1850  he 
was  appointed  British  Consul  for  the  State 
of  Massachusetts,  whither  he  removed 
with  his  family;  and  in  1856  he  was 
transferred  to  the  more  dignified  post  of 
consul-general  for  the  Austrian  ports  in 
the  Adriatic.  His  death  was  the  result 
of  an  apoplectic  seizure. 


Peteb  John  Mabtin,  Esq. 

May  13.  At  Pulborongh,  Sussex,  aged 
74,  Peter  John  Martin,  MR.C.S.  and 
F.G.S. 

Mr.  Martin,  the  son  of  Peter  Patrick 
Martin  and  Mary  Backshell  his  wife,  was 
descended  from  a  Scottish  family  of  good 


I860.] 


Obituaky. — Peter  John  Martin,  Esq. 


199 


extraction.  His  father,  migrating  from 
Scotland,  established  himself  in  practice  as 
a  surgeon  at  Pulboroagh  in  the  year  1774, 
and  after  a  long  and  successful  career 
finished  his  days  in  literary  retirement  at 
Paris,  having  attained  at  his  death  the 
good  age  of  90. 

Mr.  Peter  John  Martin  was  horn  at 
Pulborough  in  the  year  1786,  and  thus 
was  a  few  years  junior  to  Leigh  Hunt. 
Mr.  Martin  as  a  boy  was  in  the  habit  of 
competing  with  that  remarkable  man  in 
the  production  of  short  essays,  of  which 
honourable  mention  was  frequently  made 
in  the  pages  of  a  well-known  periodical  of 
their  time,  "  The  Preceptor."  The  facility 
for  correct  writing  thus  early  engendered, 
Mr.  Martin  afterwards  fostered  and  con- 
firmed  through  a  careful  and  extended 
study  of  the  best  models,  and  it  contri- 
buted, in  no  small  measure,  to  the  forma- 
tion of  that  pure  and  nervous  style  which 
distinguished  his  later  productions. 

After  receiving  the  elements  of  a  general 
education  at  Pulborough,  chiefiy  at  the 
hands  of  his  father,  who  was  himself  a 
man  of  great  and  varied  information,  he 
profited  not  a  little  by  the  opportunities 
considerately  afforded  him  by  his  elder 
brother  (Thomas  Martin,  who  still  survives 
him  at  Reigate,)  for  the  acquisition  of  a 
more  extended  knowledge  of  the  classics, 
and  the  other  branches  of  an  education 
more  liberal  than  could  be  secured  to  him 
at  Pulborough.  After  leaving  Reigate, 
Mr.  Martin  became  a  zealous  student  of 
medicine  at  the  then  united  hospitals  of 
Guy's  and  St.  Thomas's. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  able  Pro- 
fessors of  that  day,  Cline,  Cooper,  For- 
dyce,  Babington,  Haighton,  and  others, 
he  laid  a  sure  foundation  of  professional 
knowledge,  to  which  was  afterwards  added 
the  finished  superstructure  which  a  resi- 
dence at  Edinburgh  (at  that  time  the  first 
medical  school)  enabled  him  to  complete. 
Profiting  by  the  instruction  there  im- 
parted by  such  celebrated  men  as  Qregory, 
Monro,  Hope,  the  Duncans,  and  Jamieson, 
and  no  less  by  the  advantages  derived 
from  an  intimate  intercourse  with  these 
and  other  more  strictly  literary  celebrities 
in  private  life,  (advantages  which  were  se- 


cured to  him  through  his  Scottish  extrac- 
tion,) he  returned  finally  to  join  his  father 
at  Pulborough  in  general  practice,  confi- 
dent in  the  possession  of  much  sound  pro- 
fessional learning,  and  imbued  with  tastes 
superior  to  most  men  of  his  calling  at  that 
day.   Following  up  a  line  of  study  towards 
which  he  had  been  early  bent  in  Edin- 
burgh, he  devoted  much  of  his  spare  time 
to  geology,  and  especially  to  the  elucida- 
tion of  the  question  of  the  Weald  denuda- 
tion.    His  first  publication  on  this  subject 
appeared  in  1828,  in  the  shape  of  a  quarto 
volume,  entitled  "  A  Geological  Memoir 
on  a  part  of  Western  Sussex."    In  this 
memoir  Mr.  Martin  advanced  some  new 
views  on  the  subject  of  the  peculiar  stra- 
tification of  the  Weald  of  Sussex;  and 
especially  contended  for  the  agency  of 
sudden  forces,  aqueous  and  terrestrial,  aa 
necessary  to  the  production  of  such  pecu- 
liar stratification.    As  with  every  enquirer 
who  breaks  new  ground,  Mr.  Martin  in 
his  later  years  had  much  to  give  up  and 
much  to  modify  of  the  opinions  he  first 
advanced;  but  still  to  the  last  he  adhered 
to  the  broad  features  of  his  earliest  doc- 
trine, and  still  was  ready  to  defend  his 
chief  positions.      In  various  papers  read 
before  the  Geological  Society,  and  in  me- 
moirs contributed  to  the  "  Philosophical 
Magazine"  in  the  years  1829,  '40,  '51,  '54, 
and  '57,  he  continued  to  work  out  this 
subject,  and  (as  it  will  not  be  without 
interest  to  the  readers  of  the  Gbntlb- 
man'b  Magazine  to  learn)  even  on  his 
death-bed  he  dictated  a  letter  to  one  of 
his  geological  friends,  calling  his  attention 
to  some  recently  discovered  facts  tending 
to  confirm  his  earliest  views^  but  of  which 
facts,  as  he  himself  expressed  it,  "I  shall 
never  be  able  to  avail  myself." 

Nor  was  geology  by  any  means  his  sole 
scientific  pursuit.  Brought  much  into 
contact  in  early  life  with  the  historian- 
antiquaries  of  Sussex,  Cartwright  and 
Dalliiway,  he  became  a  fellow-worker  with 
them,  and  turned  his  attention  especially 
to  the  archsBology  of  his  district — a  dis- 
trict rich  in  remuns  of  gpreat  interest  to 
the  followers  of  that  engrossing  study.  In 
a  paper  read  before  the  Philosophical  and 
Literary  Society  of  Chichester,  in  the 


r 


200 


Obituaky. — Teter  John  Martin,  Esq. 


[Aug. 


year  1834,  Mr.  Martin  g^ve  a  description 
of  a  "  British  Settlement  and  Walled  Tu- 
mulus near  Pulborough/'  and  reprinted 
his  account,  with  some  additions,  in  the 
ninth  volume  of  the  Sussex  Archsolog^cal 
Transactions  for  the  year  1857.  A  few 
months  only  before  his  death,  and  when 
still  confined  to  his  bed  after  a  severe  ill- 
ness, he  wrote  for  publication  in  the  last 
volume  of  the  Transactions  of  the  same 
Society  a  paper  "  On  the  Roman  Roads  of 
Sussex,"  for  the  complete  tracing  out  of 
which  he  had  been  collecting  materials 
during  the  previous  summer.  In  this  very 
remarkable  production,  remarkable  not 
less  for  the  variety  of  information  it  con- 
tained than  for  the  forcible  and  nervous 
style  in  which,  under  circumstances  of 
great  difficulty,  it  was  composed,  Mr. 
Martin  brought  to  bear,  for  the  better 
elucidation  of  his  subject,  his  knowledge 
of  geology,  of  numismatics,  and  of  history, 
all  as  ancillary  to  his  acquaintance  with 
the  proper  archeeology  of  the  line  of  country 
discussed  ^.  With  the  exception  of  these 
two  papers,  however,  he  published  nothing 
worthy  of  particular  notice  on  this  branch 
of  science;  but  many  an  enquirer  after 
the  truth  on  points  connected  with  it  will 
be  ready  to  admit  the  liberal  and  courte- 
ous manner  in  which  he  has  been  often 
assisted  by  Mr.  Martin's  contributions  to 
his  aid. 

So  much  for  his  knowledge  of  the  science 
of  the  past,  and  of  things  inanimate.  But 
it  was  not  exclusively  with  these  that  Mr. 
Martin  occupied  himself — bis  was  a  wider 
range.  As  a  scientific  and  practical  gar- 
dener he  was  a  great  proficient ;  and  to 
the  pages  of  Professor  Llndley's  Journal, 
"  The  Gardener's  Chronicle,"  he  was  a  fre- 
quent contributor  of  fugitive  articles  on 
horticulture,  these  articles  being  signed 
usually  P.P.,  and  mostly  written  in  the 
years  1841  to  1845.  In  polite  literature, 
finally,  he  was  deeply  read ;  and,  himself 
a  musician,  his  taste  in  music  was  perfect, 
and  his  appreciation  of  the  best  models  of 
art  was  keen  and  just.  In  the  years  1833 
and  1834,  again  before  the  Philosophical 
and  Literary  Society  of  Chichester,  he  de- 


^  Gkmt.  Mao.,  Feb.  1860,  p.  119. 


livered  three  lectures,  which  have  since 
been  published,  illustrative  of  a  "  Parallel 
of  Shakespeare  and  Scott,  and  on  the 
Kindred  Nature  of  their  Genius," — ^lec- 
tures displaying  an  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  writings  of  those  wonderful  men, 
and  replete  with  views  of  broad,  deep,  and 
comprehensive  character.  These  were  only 
some  of  the  subjects  with  which  Mr.  Martin 
filled  up  the  intervals  of  business.  But  a 
range  of  observation  and  enquiry  so  wide 
as  that  of  which  some  of  the  results  have 
been  here  enumerated,  could  only  be  com- 
passed by  a  mind  of  no  ordinary  power. 
To  meet  the  requirements  of  a  mdely- 
extended  country  practice,  and  to  super- 
intend the  education  of  a  family,  would 
have  been  sufficient  to  engross  the  whole 
attention  of  most  men,  and  to  tax  to  the 
utmost  their  powers  of  endurance  both 
mental  and  physical;  but  add  to  these 
the  study  of  those  branches  of  sdence  in 
which  the  subject  of  our  notice  was  an 
author,  and  a  moment's  consideration  will 
suggest  an  idea  of  the  breadth  of  grasp 
which  could  comprehend  the  whole. 

As  a  medical  man,  Mr.  Martin  was  much 
sought  after  in  his  own  vicinity ;  and  in 
places  comparatively  far  remote  he  was 
called  often  into  consultation  upon  cases 
which  offered  peculiar  difficulty.  Nor  was 
the  influence  which  he  exercised  over  the 
minds  of  all  who  knew  him  well  the  result 
merely  of  the  confidence  he  inspired  by 
the  soundness  of  his  professional  opinion, 
but  was  gained  in  no  small  measure  by 
the  reliance  placed  on  his  strong  common - 
sense  views  of  every  difficulty  laid  before 
him  by  his  trusting  friends,  imparted  as 
these  views  were  with  his  own  considerate 
and  gentle  courtesy.  The  lot  of  a  man 
gifted  as  was  Mr.  Martin  might  seem  in- 
deed to  have  been  cast  in  a  hard  ground ; 
and  many  may  be  inclined  to  lament  that 
he  had  not  been  bom  to  ornament  and  to 
render  useftil  service  in  a  wider  sphere. 
But  this  was  not  so ;  simple  in  his  tastes 
and  devoted  to  tbe  contemplation  of  all 
that  was  beautiful  in  God's  works,  the 
country  was  essentially  his  home,  and  the 
lines  of  urban  drawing  would  have  been 
for  him  too  rigid,  the  code  of  cities  too 
artificial  and  too  nice. 


II 


I860.]  Mr,  George  Roberts. —  W.  B.  Bayley,  Esq. 


201 


Mr.  Martin  was  married  in  1821  to  his 
cousin  Mary,  daughter  of  Adam  and  Eliza 
Watson  of  Dunbar,  and  left  three  daugh- 
ters, the  eldest  of  whom  is  married  to  the 
Rev.  Henry  James  (Jore,  Rector  of  Rusper 
in  Sussex,  and  one  son,  who  is  attached  to 
St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital  as  one  of  the 
Junior  Physicians. 


Mb.  Qboboe  Robebts. 

ilfay  27.  At  Dover,  from  an  attack  of 
inflammation  of  the  lung^,  Mr.  Qeorge 
Roberts,  of  Lyme  Regis. 

By  the  decease  of  this  gentleman  the 
students  of  English  history  have  lost  a 
valuable  auxiliary.  He  for  many  years  en- 
joyed the  firiendly  regard  of  Lord  Macau- 
lay,  who  occasionally  conferred  with  him 
on  the  original  documents  which  he  had 
collected,  and  who  did  him  the  honour  of 
quoting  him  as  an  authority  on  the  events 
connected  with  Monmouth's  invasion. 
Living  in  the  immediate  locality  of  these 
events,  and  with  official  access  to  the 
curious  archives  of  the  corporation  of 
Lyme  Regis,  and  spending  many  weeks 
yearly  in  the  inspection  of  records  else- 
where, Mr.  Roberts  had  accumulated  ma- 
terials of  considerable  value.  Of  part  of 
these  he  availed  himself  in  his  own  pub- 
lished works,  of  which  the  most  important 
were  "  The  Life,  Progress,  and  Rebellion 
of  James,  Duke  of  Monmouth,"  2  vols.« 
1844  and  "The  Social  History  of  the 
People  of  the  Southern  Counties  of  Eng- 
land," 1  voL,  1866,  which  was  favourably 
mentioned  in  our  pages  soon  after  its  ap- 
pearance*. He  also  published  a  very  use- 
ful "Geological  Dictionary ;"  and  edited 
for  the  Camden  Society  the  "  Diaries  of 
Walter  Tonge,  Esq.,  of  Colyton  and  Ax- 
minster." 

Mr.  Roberts  had  been  Mayor  of  Lyme 
Regis,  but  had  latterly  resided  at  Dover, 
where  he  was  engaged  upon  other  works 
when  he  died.  In  private  life  he  was 
much  esteemed. 


W.  B.  Batlet,  Esq. 
May  29.    At  St.  Leonard's  -  on  •  Sea, 
William  Butterworth  Bayley,  Esq. 

e  See  OcMT.  Mao.,  Feb.  1867,  p.  192. 

Gbwt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


The  deceased,  who  was  the  younger  son 
of  a  Lancashire  gentleman  of  high  cha- 
racter and  position,  was  educated  at  Eton, 
where  he  acquired  a  large  stock  of  classi- 
cal learning,  subsequently  augmented  by 
a  brief  residence  at  Cambridge.  These 
studies,  in  which  he  dearly  delighted, 
were  broken  in  upon  by  the  announce- 
ment of  an  appointment  to  the  Indiun 
Civil  Service,  at  a  time  when  such  ap- 
pointments were  of  substantial  value;  and 
a  few  weeks  before  the  close  of  the  last 
century  he  entered  upon  his  career  of 
Indian  service  at  Calcutta.  Lord  Welles- 
ley  was  at  that  time  incubating  his  dar- 
ling project  of  the  College  of  Fort  William, 
and  in  the  course  of  the  following  year 
the  institution  was  established.  Toung 
Bayley  was  one  of  its  earliest  and  most 
distinguished  alumni.  He  passed  out  with 
great  honour,  and  was  one  of  the  "  boys" 
selected  by  the  Qovernor-General  for  the 
confidential  duties  of  his  own  office,  in 
one  of  the  most  momentous  epochs  of  our 
Indian  history.  He  did  not,  however,  in 
that  situation,  though  brought  face  to  face 
with  the  stirring  incidents  of  a  gpreat  poli- 
tical crisis,  desiro  to  take  part  in  diplo- 
macy, but  chose  the  judicial  line  of  the 
public  service,  and  adhered  to  it  through- 
out all  the  earlier  part  of  his  career.  In 
1814  he  was  appointed  to  officiate  as 
Secretary  in^the  Revenue  and  Judicial  De- 
partments, and  in  1819  he  was  nominated 
Chief  Secretary  to  the  Supreme  Govern- 
ment of  India.  In  1822,  a  temporary 
vacancy  occurring  in  the  Supreme  Coun- 
cil, he  was  appointed  to  fill  it,  and  in 
1825  he  was  permanently  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Gk)vemmMit.  Lord  Am- 
herst was  then  Governor- General  of  India. 
In  March,  1828,  that  nobleman  embarked 
for  England.  Lord  William  Bentinck  had 
been  appointed  his  successor,  but  had  not 
yet  arrived,  so  Mr.  Bayley,  as  semor  mem- 
ber of  Council,  succeeded  to  the  highest 
place  in  the  Government  of  India.  Ho 
filled  the  office  of  Governor-General  for 
some  months,  and  then  resumed  his  seat 
as  a  member  of  Council.  In  the  antumn 
of  1830  Lord  William  Bentinck  quitted 
the  Presidency  on  a  tour  to  the  Upper 
Provinces,  and  then  Mr.  Bayley  became 

00 


202 


Obituary,-:- W^.  B.  Bayley,  Esq. 


[Aug. 


President  of  the  Council  and  Depnty- 
Govemor  of  Bengal.  But  his  five  yean 
in  Conncil  had  now  nearly  expired,  and 
on  the  11th  of  November  he  ceased  to  be 
a  member  of  the  (Government.  In  the 
course  of  the  following  month  he  took 
ship  and  sailed  for  England. 

His  career  in  India  had  been  a  dis- 
ting^hed  and  a  most  useful,  but  it  had 
not  been  an  eventful  one.  He  had  not 
been  the  hero  of  any  of  those  exciting 
historical  episodes  which  have  surrounded 
with  an  atmosphere  of  romance  the  lives 
of  Elphinstone  and  Metcalfe.  His  work 
was  not  in  the  camp  or  at  the  durbar ;  it 
was  almost  exclusively  in  the  bureau  or 
the  cutcherry.  His  service  was  admi- 
nistrative  service  of  the  most  valuable 
kind,  but  not  such  as  affords  materials  to 
the  biographer;  and  when  he  returned 
to  England,  after  thirty  years  of  this  ser- 
vice, still  in  the  prime  of  life,  with  an 
nnbroken  constitution  and  an  unimpaired 
capacity  for  fwork,  his  ambition  sought 
nothing  higher  than  a  seat  in  the  Council 
of  that  "  Company  of  Merchants  trading 
to  the  East  Indies "  which  he  had  served 
with  so  much  fidelity  and  zeal. 

He  became  a  Director  two  years  after 
his  return  from  India,  and  applied  him- 
self assiduously  to  the  duties  of  his  office, 
gaining  a  high  reputation  in  the  Leaden- 
hall -street  Council,  as  a  man  of  large 
general  experience  in  Indian  affidrs,  a  re- 
markably sound  judgment,  and  of  a  tem- 
per which  was  seldom  disturbed.  Among 
his  colleagues  he  was  always  peculiarly 
popular,  and  thoagh  neither  frequent  nor 
fluent  in  debate,  a  few  weighty,  well- 
directed  words  from  him  often  determined 
a  long-protracted  contest.  In  1839  he 
was  Deputy-Chairman,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  Chairman  of  the  Company ;  and 
it  is  believed  that  at  more  than  one  sub- 
sequent period  the  chair  was  offered  to 
him  and  declined,  for  he  was  essentially 
of  an  unambitious  nature,  and  he  shrank 
iVom  public  displays.  He  continued,  how- 
ever, to  take  an  active  part  in  the  admi- 
nistration ;  and  when,  in  1854^  it  was  de- 
creed that  the  Court  of  Directors  should 
■elect  their  worthiest  members  for  con- 
iinuanoe  in  office,  and  ooiyectaral  lists  of 


those  members  were  made  in  anticipation 
of  the  event,  the  name  of  Mr.  Bay  ley  was 
uniformly  to  be  found  at  the  head  of  them 
as  that  of  the  man  whom  every  one  of  his 
colleagues  was  certain  to  select.  But 
when,  four  years  afterwards,  the  East 
India  Company  were  deprived  of  their 
political  powers,  and  another  act  of  self- 
election  was  decreed,  Mr.  Bay  ley  intimated 
his  intention  of  withdrawing  altogether 
from  public  life.  It  was  time,  indeed, 
for  him  to  retire,  after  sixty  years  of  good 
service.  The  great  Indian  mutiny  had 
been  a  severe  blow  to  him,  and  his  health 
had  sensibly  declined  from  the  time  of  its 
first  outbreak.  He  looked  with  ^strust 
upon  the  new  form  of  government,  and 
still  more  so  upon  the  new-school  opinions 
which  were  making  their  way,  and  said 
that  it  was  time  for  him  to  be  gone.  Hia 
great  natural  vigour,  however,  was  not 
easily  subdued,  and  he  Ungered  some 
months  longer,  retaining  his  intellectual 
faculties,  and  the  sweetness  of  disposition 
for  which  he  was  so  distinguished,  to  the 
last. 

Mr.  Butterworth  Bayley  was  a  model 
of  a  "Company's  servant,"  as  Company's 
servants  were  in  their  best  days.  In  that 
sense  he  was  a  "  representative  man,"  and 
there  are  few  of  his  class  not  proud  to  be 
so  represented;  not  because  his  name  ia 
associated  with  any  lustrous  exploits,  but 
because  he  was  a  useful  public  servant,  an 
honourable  gentleman,  and  altogether  a 
fine  specimen  of  manhood.  Had  he  been 
of  a  more  ambitious  temper,  he  might 
have  done  more  for  himself,  but  probably 
in  that  case  he  would  have  done  less  for 
India ;  for  it  is  not  by  individual  efibrta 
of  wisdom  or  heroism  that  England  haa 
reared  the  great  fabric  of  her  Indian  em- 
pire, and  must  hope  to  maintain  it,  but 
by  sending  forth  a  constant  succession  of 
high-principled  English  gentlemen,  con* 
tent  to. labour  quietly  and  obscurely,  and 
to  contribute  their  unappreciated  share  to 
the  great  sum  total  of  good  government. 
The  **  Company's  service  "  is  now  extinct ; 
a  new  system  is  on  its  trial ;  but  whatever 
may  be  the  result  of  the  experiment,  what- 
ever  the  character  and  career  of  the  new 
race  of  Indian  statesmen,  history  will  not 


I860.]     jr.  F.  Ormerod,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.—J.  Whichcord,  Esq.    203^ 


refuse  to  honour  the  memory  of  those 
public  servants,  the  growth  of  an  exclu- 
sive  system,  who  sought  no  higher  dis- 
tinction  than  that  of  being  accounted 
worthy  exemplars,  in  their  generation,  of 
the  genuine  "  Eampani-ka-nuokur. 


>f 


William  Pibbs  Obmebod,  Esq.,  F.R.CS. 

June  10.      At  Canterbury,   aged  42, 
W.  P.  Ormerod,  Esq. 

The  deceased,  the  fifth  son  of  George 
Ormerod,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  and  of  Sarah, 
daughter  of  John  Latham,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 
was  bom  in  London  on  May  14, 1818,  and 
educated  at  Rugby.  From  the  tutelage 
of  Dr.  Amord  he  went,  in  1835,  to  St. 
Bartholomew's  Hospital,  where  he  was 
articled  to  Mr.  Stanley ;  and  he  soon  be- 
gan in  earnest  the  work  of  his  life  under 
the  eye  of  his  uncle.  Dr.  P.  M.  Latham, 
and  with  the  guiding  friendship  of  Mr. 
Paget.  In  1839  he  was  most  highly  dis- 
tinguished  at  the  annual  examination  for 
prizes.  In  1840  he  di^harged  the  du- 
ties of  house-surgeon  under  Mr.  Lawrence, 
and  an  essay  embodying  some  of  the  re- 
sults of  his  observations  during  this  period 
was  honoured  with  the  Jacksonian  prize  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  in  1842, 
and  in  that  year  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  demonstrators  of  anatomy. 

His  incessant  labours  in  the  wards  and 
the  dissecting-rooms  began  alter  a  while 
to  tell  injuriously  on  his  health,  and  he 
was  compelled  in  1844  to  resign  his  ap- 
pointment and  retire  into  the  country. 
The  first  results  of  his  returning  health 
appeared  in  1846,  when  he  published  a 
volume  of  Clinical  Surgery  which  he  had 
found  leisure  to  arrange ;  and  in  the  sum- 
mer of  the  same  year  he  established  him- 
self in  practice  at  Oxford,  where  he  was 
shortly  afterwards  elected  surgeon  to  the 
Radclifie  Infirmary. 

For  about  two  years  he  filled  this  situ- 
ation most  honourably  and  happily  in  the 
friendship  of  his  colleagues.  Dr.  Greenhill 
and  Dr.  Acland,  when,  in  December,  1848, 
after  a  period  of  great  hurry  and  anxiety, 
he  was  seized  with  an  epileptic  fit ;  and, 
the  fits  continuing,  he  was  compelled  to 
resign  this  appointment  also,  and  to  retire 


from  practice  altogether.  The  last  ten 
years  of  his  life  were  spent  at  Canterbury, 
where  he  lived  with  his  friends,  Mr.  Reid 
and  Mr.  Andrews;  and  he  died  at  the 
house  of  the  latter,  the  immediate  cause 
of  his  death  being  haemorrhage  from  lace- 
ration of  a  branch  of  the  middle  meningeal 
artery;  the  skull  having  been  fractured 
by  a  fall  at  the  banning  of  an  epilep- 
tic fit. 

Though  he  had  been  shut  out  from  the 
course  of  life  for  which  he  had  so  very 
zealously  prepared  himself,  yet  his  energy  « 
and  industry  never  flagged,  and  he  bad 
always  a  bright  prospect  before  him  of 
some  useful  purpose  to  which  his  know- 
ledge might  be  applied — a  cherished  hope 
that  he  might  serve  his  Savour  on  earth 
as  a  medical  missionary.  But  his  bright 
future  was  not  to  be  here.  Unconscious 
himself  of  the  gradual  fiiilure  of  his  mind 
and  memory,  he  lived  cheerfully  on  till  he 
was  suddenly  and  painlessly  removed  after 
a  few  hours  of  insensibility. 

Besides  the  *' Clinical  Collections  in 
Surgery "  already  noticed,  Mr.  Ormerod 
was  the  author  of  "  Questions  in  Anatomy 
for  the  Use  of  the  Students  of  St.  Bartho- 
lomew's Hospital,"  of  a  paper  **  On  the 
Sanitary  Condition  of  Oxford,"  published 
by  the  Ashmolean  Society,  of  "A  Few 
Plain  Words  on  Cholera,"  and  of  several 
articles  in  the  "  British  and  Foreign  Me- 
dical Review."  He  was  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  and  of  the 
Medico- Chirurgical  Sodety.  - 


John  Whiohcobd,  Esq. 

June  10.  At  Maidstone,  aged  70,  John 
Whichcord,  sen.,  Esq.,  Architect 

Mr.  Whichcord  was  a  native  of  Devizes, 
where  his  father  practised  as  a  sorveyor. 
Having  lost  his  father  when  quite  in  his 
youth,  he  was  articled  in  1806  to  Mr. 
C.  Harcourt  Masters,  architect,  of  Bath ; 
and  on  the  expiration  of  his  pupilage  he 
entered  the  drawing-office  of  Mr.  D.  Alex- 
ander. Under  that  eminent  engineer  and 
architect  he  was  engaged  on  the  great 
works  at  the  London  Docks,  and  sub- 
sequently on  that  larg^  and  original  boild- 
ing,  the  g^acd   at    Maidstone.     On  Mr. 


S04 


2%«  Bev.  Baden  Powell,  M.A.,  F.B.S. 


[Aug. 


Alexander's  retirement,  he  succeeded  him 
hi  all  his  husiness  for  the  connty  of  Kent, 
and  to  a  very  hirge  practice,  hoth  public 
and  private.  His  principal  works  were 
the  County  Lunatic  Asylum,  the  churches 
of  the  Holy  Trinity  and  St.  Philip  at 
Maidstone,  the  Com  Exchange,  the  Kent 
Fire  Office,  and  many  other  important 
buildings  in  the  same  town.  He  erected 
no  fewer  than  fifteen  union  poor-houses, 
and  is  said  to  have  built  more  parsonage- 
houses  than  any  other  man  in  England. 
His  cool  judgment,  talent,  and  integrity 
secured  him  the  confidence  of  the  clergy, 
and  g^ve  him  a  very  large  share  of  refer- 
ence business.  As  surveyor  to  the  Medway 
Navigation  Company,  he  executed  on  that 
river  several  hydraulic  works,  particularly 
some  difficult  tidal-locks;  and  he  con- 
structed throughout  the  county  a  great 
number  of  bridges. 

Not  only  as  a  professional  man,  but  as 
an  active  mag^rate  and  as  a  private 
friend,  few  men  have  acquired  a  larger 
share  of  respect,  or  more  widely  conciliated 
the  esteem  of  all  classes. 

He  has  left  a  son  of  his  own  name,  who 
pursues  the  same  profession,  and  is  a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 


Thb  Rby.  Badbn  Powell,  M.A.,  F.R.S. 

Juns  11.  In  Stanhope-street,  Hyde- 
park-gardens,  aged  63,  the  Rev.  Baden 
Powell,  .^avilian  Professor  of  Geometry 
in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

The  deceased  was  the  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Baden  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Langton, 
Kent,  and  Stamford  Hill.  He  was  bom 
at  the  latter  place  in  the  year  1796,  gra- 
duated (first  class)  at  Oxford  in  1817,  and 
in  1827  was  elected  Savilian  Professor  of 
Geometry  in  that  University,  an  appoint- 
ment which  he  held  until  the  time  of  his 
decease.  He  was  also  in  1850  nominated 
a  member  of  the  Oxford  University  Com- 
mission. Of  his  life  we  have  not  many 
events  to  reeord,  the  greater  part  of  it 
having  been  spent  in  studious  retirement 
in  Oxford,  where  he  principally  resided, 
imtil  his  removal  to  London  about  six 
years  ago. 

Although  in  holy  orders,  he  held  no 


« 


« 


living,  but  was  always  ready  to  oblige  his 
friends  by  temporarily  undertaking  pa- 
rochial duties,  or  by  occasional  sermons. 
In  this  way  the  congregations  of  several 
of  the  cburches  in  London  had  frequent 
opportunities  of  hearing  his  discourses, 
which  were  remarkable  for  the  masterly 
manner  in  which  important  Christian 
truths  were  enunciated  with  the  deamess 
and  precision  of  a  mathematical  demon- 
stration. He  also  occasionally  appeared 
as  a  lecturer  at  the  Royal  and  other 
scientific  institutions.  But  it  is  by  his 
writings  that  Professor  Powell  was  chiefly 
known  to  the  world.  These  may  be  divided 
into  two  distinct  classes, — 1.  Those  of  a 
purely  scientific  character;  27  Those  which 
treat  of  the  relations  of  science  to  the- 
ology. 

A  list  of  some  of  the  more  important  of 
these  will  best  give  an  idea  of  the  sub- 
jects to  which  he  particularly  directed  his 
attention.    To  the  first  class  belong  the 

History  of  Natural  Philosophy,"  1834; 

A  General  and  Elementary  View  of  the 
Unduktory  Theory  of  Light,"  1841;  "Re- 
ports  on  Luminous  Meteors,"  Brit.  Assoc 
Reports;  "On  the  Repulsive  Power  of 
Heat,"  PhiL  Trans.  1834;  "On  the  Dis- 
persion of  Light,"  ibid.  1836;  "On  El- 
liptic  Polarization  of  Light,"  ibid.  1845 ; 
"Anew  case  of  the  Interference  of  Light,** 
ibid.  1848;  "On  Irradiation,"  ibid.  1849, 
and  numerous  other  papers  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  various  scientific  societies. 

Among  those  of  the  second  division  may 
be  mentioned,  "  Tbe  Connection  of  Natu- 
ral and  Divine  Troth,"  1838;  "Essays 
on  the  Spirit  of  the  Inductive  Philosophy, 
the  Unity  of  Worlds,  and  the  Philosophy 
of  Creation,"  1855 ;  "  Christianity  with- 
out  Judaism,"  1857;  "The  Order  of  Na- 
ture  Considered  with  Reference  to  the 
Ckims  of  Revelation,"  1859;  "On  the 
Study  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity," 
m  "Essays  and  Reviews,"  1860. 

The  principal  aims  of  the  last-named 
works,  to  which  Professor  Powell  devoted 
so  large  a  portion  of  his  gpreat  intellectual 
powers,  were  to  define  the  limits  between 
the  objects  of  fiiith  and  of  knowledge,  and 
to  shew  that  the  progress  of  modern  sci- 
entific discovery,  although   necessitaUng' 


I860.]      Obituary. — Cuthbert  Ellison,  Esq,,  of  Hebbum.         203 


modifications  in  many  of  the  still  prevail- 
ing ideas  with  which  the  Christian  reli- 
gion became  encrusted  in  the  times  of 
ignorance  and  superstition,  is  in  no  way 
incompatible  with  a  sincere  and  practic^ 
acceptance  of  its  great  and  fiindamental 
truths.  The  ability  and  boldness  with 
which  these  views  were  advocated  was 
only  excelled  by  another  quality,  unfor- 
tunately rare  in  theological  discussions, 
the  calm  and  temperate  spirit,  and  just 
allowance  for  the  feelings  and  opinions  of 
others,  which  pervades  them. 

Although  his  published  works  afibrd 
abundant  evidence  of  unusual  powers  of 
reasoning  and  originality  of  thought,  as 
well  as  a  most  extensive  and  profound 
acquaintance  with  the  writings  of  his  pre- 
decessors, only  those  who  had  the  privi- 
lege of  Professor  Powell's  private  friend- 
ship could  appreciate  his  extraordinary 
talents  and  accomplishments  in  nearly 
every  branch  of  science  and  art,  which, 
combined  with  his  extreme  good-nature 
and  gentleness  of  disposition,  made  him 
beloved  by  all  those  who  had  the  best 
opportunities  of  estimating  his  character. 

He  leaves  behind  him  a  widow  (daughter 
of  Vice-Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth,  D.C.L., 
F.R.S.)  and  a  numerous  family. 


Ctjthbebt  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Hebbubn. 

June  13.  At  his  town  residence,  White- 
hall-g^dens,  aged  76,  Cuthbert  Ellison, 
Esq.,  of  Hebbum,  formerly  M.P.  for  New- 
castle. 

'-  Mr.  Ellison's  family,  like  those  of  the 
great  majority  of  our  local  aristocracy,  had 
its  founder  among  the  successful  merchants 
of  Newcastle,  his  ancestor  and  namesake, 
Cuthbert  Ellison,  having  filled  the  office 
of  sheriff  of  that  town  in  1544,  and  that 
of  chief  magistrate  in  1549  and  1554. 
The  Hebbum  estate,  formerly  the  pro- 
perty and  residence  of  the  Hodgsons, 
passed  by  purchase,  a  little  more  than  two 
centuries  ago,  to  the  Ellisons ;  and  the 
ancient  and  somewhat  fortaliced  mansion- 
bouse  gave  place  in  1790  to  the  present 
spacious  and  handsome  halL 

"The  Ellisons  became  more  intimately 
connected  with  this  borough  by  the  mar- 
riage of  the  deceased's  g^ndfather,  Henry 
Ellison,  Esq.,  with  Hannah,  daoghter  of 
William  Coatsworth,  esq.      It  was  this 


Mr.  Coatsworth  who  built  Park  House. 
He  was  an  opulent  merchant,  carrying 
on  his  trade  in  the  Bottle-bank  of  this 
borough.  He  obtained  a  tweuty-one  years' 
lease  from  the  Bishop  (Lord  Crewe)  of  the 
manors  of  Whickbam  and  Qateshead  (ex- 
cept the  Bishop's  portion  of  Tyne  Bridge, 
the  tolls,  and  the  presentation  to  the 
livings,  with  the  manor  courts,  &c.),  at 
a  rent  of  £235  lis.  4d. 

**  The  manor  of  Whickbam  passed  into 
other  hands,  but  that  of  Gateshead  re- 
mained in  the  Ellison  family  (the  twenty- 
one  years'  lease  having  been  renewed,  we 
believe,  annually,  by  the  lessee,)  until 
1856,  when  the  deceased  Mr.  Ellison,  by 
agreement  with  the  Ecclesiastical  Com« 
missioners,  surrendered  it  to  that  body  for 
the  sum  of  £50,000,  taking  care,  how- 
ever, at  the  same  time  to  stipulate  (which 
he  was  not  legally  bound  to  do)  that  his 
sub-lessees  should  be  undisturbed  in  the 
long  leases  (conditional  on  his  own  being 
renewed)  which  he  had  granted  them,  and 
several  of  which  will  not  expire  for  many 
years  yet  to  come. 

"  Mr.  Ellison's  father  married,  in  1779, 
Henrietta,  daughter  of  John  Isaacson, 
Esq.,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons: — 
Henry,  the  eldest,  who  died  in  1795; 
Cuthbert,  the  deceased ;  and  Gen.  Robert 
Ellison,  the  youngest,  who  died  in  1843, 
and  to  whose  memory  a  handsome  tablet 
was  erected  a  few  years  ago  in  Trinity 
Chapel  in  this  borough,  by  his  brother. 

**  At  the  death  of  his  father  Mr.  Ellison 
was  only  fifteen  years  of  age.  He  reached 
his  majority  in  1804,  and  about  that  time 
married  Isabella  Grace,  daughter  and  co- 
heir of  Henry  Ibbetson,  Esq.,  of  St.  An- 
thony's, near  Newcastle,  who  died  on  the 
16th  of  February  last,  aged  75,  and  was 
interred  in  the  family  vacdt  at  Kingsbury, 
Middlesex ;  so  that,  at  his  own  decease, 
he  had  not  only  been  in  actual  possession 
of  his  family  estates  for  the  unusually  long 
period  of  six  and  fifty  years,  but  had  been 
blessed  with  the  society  of  an  affectionate 
wife  for  nearly  the  same  length  of  time. 

"  The  deceased  was  Commanding  Oflicer 
until  1814  (when  the  corps  was  disbanded) 
of  the  Gateshead  Volunteers,  and  their 
colours  were  presented  by  him,  in  person, 
to  the  Town  Council  of  this  borough  in 
1854,  and  are  by  them  preserved  in  our 
Townhall. 

"In  1807  he  contested  the  representa- 
tion of  the  county  of  Durham,  but,  after 
a  poll  of  three  days,  retired  in  favour  of 
Sir  Ralph  Milbanke  and  Sir  H.  Yane 
Tempest.  He  was  member  for  Newcastle 
in  several  Parliaments : — first,  on  the  re- 
signation of  Mr.  C.  J.  Brandling  in  1812; 


206 


OBiTtTAaY, — General  John  Mackenzie. 


[Aug. 


next,  in  1818 ;  again,  in  1820,  when  he 
was  elected  during  his  absence  in  Italy, 
and  was  represented  by  his  brother,  then  ' 
Major  Ellison,  after  a  contest  in  which 
Mr.  William  Scott,  Lord  Stowell*s  only 
son,  was  defeated;  and  a  fourth  time  in 
1826 :  and  it  is  worthy  of  note,  that  on 
all  these  occasions  he  had  the  late  Sir  M. 
W.  Ridley,  Bart.,  for  a  colleajrae.  One  of 
his  ancestors  (Mr.  Robert  Ellison)  served 
as  a  burgess  of  Newcastle  for  one  year  in 
the  Long  Parliament ;  and  not  having  re- 
ceived any  allowance  for  his  services,  was 
paid  by  the  Corporation,  in  1660,  the  sum 
of  £182  10s.,  being  at  the  rate  of  lOs.  per 
day.  On  the  passing  of  the  Reform  Bill, 
which  conferred  on  this  borough  the  right 
of  sending  a  member  to  parliament,  Mr. 
Ellison  was  solicited,  by  a  considerable 
number  of  respectable  inhabitants  of  Oates- 
head  of  all  political  parties,  to  become  a 
candidate  for  its  representation;  but  he 
had  retired  from  Parliamentary  life,  and 
he  declined  to  resume  it. 

"  He  filled  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of 
the  county  of  Northumberland  in  1808, 
and  of  the  county  of  Durham  in  1827. 
The  latter  office  had  been  filled  by  Robert 
Ellison,  of  Hebburn,  in  1659. 

"Of  the  Qateshcad  Dispensary  he  was 
a  President,  and  of  the  Newcastle  Infir- 
mary a  Vice-President,  and  a  munificent 
supporter  of  both  charities,  in  common 
with,  we  dare  say,  every  other  philanthro- 
pic institution  at  either  end  of  Tyne 
Bridge.  He  made  a  present  of  Trinity 
chapel,  as  a  place  of  worship,  to  Oates- 
head ;  he  gave  a  site  to  the  Ellison  School ; 
he  largely  assisted  in  the  repairs  of  St. 
Mary's  and  in  the  building  of  St.  Cnth- 
bert's  Church,  in  the  erection  of  the  Lady 
Vernon  Schools,  (so  called  after  one  of  his 
daughters,)  of  the  National  School,  the 
Parochial  Library,  and  various  other  in- 
stitutions. Indeed,  whenever  a  good  ob- 
ject was  properly  explained  to  him,  he  was 
never  appealed  to  in  vain. 

"Mr.  Ellison,  who  had  no  son,  had 
several  daughters,  of  whom  Isabella  Caro- 
line was  married  in  1824  to  the  Hon. 
George  John  Venables  Vernon,  afterwards 
Lord  Vernon;  Henrietta,  in  the  same 
year,  to  William  Henry  Lambton,  Esq. ; 
Louisa,  in  1829,  to  Lord  Stormont,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Mansfield;  Laura  Jane,  in 
1833,  to  the  Hon.  Capt.  William  Ed- 
wardes,  afterwards  Lord  Kensington  ;  and 
Anne,  to  Sir  Walter  James.  Mrs.  Lamb- 
ton  and  Lady  James  (his  only  surviving 
children)  had  the  melancholy  satisfaction 
of  being  with  him  when  he  died. 

"In  the  estate  of  Hebburn,  which  is 
entailed,  the  deceased  is  succeeded  by  his 


nephew,  Lieut.-Colonel  Cuthbert  George 
Ellison,  (Grenadier  Guards,)  son  of  the 
late  General  Ellison,  whose  death  is  re- 
corded on  the  tablet  in  Trinity  chapel. 
The  disposition  of  the  other  estates,  in 
Gateshead  and  the  adjoining  parishes, 
and  at  Newton,  Garth,  Nether  Houses, 
Kellybum,  Juniper  Hill,  &c.,  and  of  the 
large  personal  property  of  the  deceased,  is 
as  yet  unknown." —  Gateshead  Observer. 


Gbitxbal  John  Mackbi^zis. 

June  14.  At  Inverness,  aged  96,  General 
John  Mackenzie,  the  oldest  officer  in  the 
British  army. 

The  deceased  was  bom  December  19, 
1763.  He  was  the  second  son  of  Sir  Alex- 
ander Mackenzie  of  Gairloch,  Bart.,  who 
succeeded  to  the  title  and  estates  in  1766, 
and  died  in  1770,  having  been  killed  by 
a  fall  from  his  horse.  The  deceased  Gene- 
ral entered  the  army  in  his  fifteenth  year 
as  Lieutenant  in  the  73rd  Foot,  and  in 
1782  rose  to  be  Captain.  On  the  forma- 
tion of  the  78th  Highlanders,  or  Ross- 
Bhire  Buffs,  in  1793,  he  obtained  the  ap- 
pointment of  Captain,  and  in  two  more 
years  rose  to  be  Major  and  Lieutenant- 
ColoneL  He  served  in  the  campaigns  on 
the  Continent,  including  the  several  actions 
on  the  Waal  and  the  Rhine  in  1794  and 
1795.  He  afterwards  served  in  Sicily, 
Egypt,  India,  and  Spain.  In  1802  he 
attuned  the  rank  of  Brevet- Colonel ;  in 
1809  that  of  Major-General;  and  in  1814 
Lieutenant-Gcneral ;  in  1837  he  became 
General.  The  deceased  married  Lilias, 
daughter  of  The  Chisholm,  by  whom  he 
had  one  son,  Mr.  Alistair  Mackenzie,  who 
died  a  few  years  ago  as  Receiver-Gooeral 
at  Melbourne  in  Australia. 

General  Mackenzie  was  a  brave  im- 
petuous soldier,  and  was  known  among 
his  companions-in-arms  by  the  soubriquet 
of  'fighting  Jack.'  In  his  latter  years 
ho  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  science 
and  literature,  and  was  greatly  esteemed 
for  his  private  worth  and  accomplishments. 
He  retained  his  faculties  to  the  close  of 
his  long  life,  and  continued  to  take  a 
warm  interest  in  passing  events.  In  Oc- 
tober last*  when  the  78th  Reg^ent 
was  publicly  received  at  Inverness,  and 
was  marching  through  the  town,  General 


I860.] 


Obituary. — Jerome  Bonaparte, 


207 


Mackenzie  stood  at  his  door  to  congratu- 
late the  men,  and,  hy  command  of  Colonel 
Macintyre,  the  regiment  gave  three  hearty 
cheers  for  their  venerable  brother-soldier. 
The  remains  of  General  Mackenzie  were 
interred  in  the  Gairloch  tomb  at  Beauly 
Priory. — Inverness  Courier, 


Jebohe  Bonafabte. 

June  24.  At  Villegenis,  near  Paris, 
aged  75,  Jerome  Bonaparte,  ex-King  of 
Westphalia,  and  Governor  of  the  Hotel 
des  Invalides. 

Of  the  thirteen  children  of  Carlo  Bona- 
parte, the  Corsican  advocate,  eight  lived 
to  rise  with  the  "star"  of  Napoleon. 
Of  these  children  five  were  sons,  of 
whom  Jerome  was  the  youngest.  He 
was  bom  at  Ajaccio  on  the  15th  of  De- 
cember, 1784,  only  a  year  before  the  se- 
cond son.  Napoleon,  having  finished  his 
education  at  the  military  school  at  Brienne 
and  the  military  college  of  Paris,  was  ap- 
pointed sub-lieutenant  of  artillery.  Be- 
fore Jerome  was  fifteen.  Napoleon  had 
been  named  First  Consul.  The  navy 
was  selected  for  the  career  of  the  cadet 
of  the  house,  and  in  the  French  marine, 
as  it  existed  in  the  interval  between 
Aboukir  and  Trafalgar,  Jerome  served 
through  the  years  of  the  Consulate.  In 
1801,  when  in  his  seventeenth  year,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  cor- 
vette "  L'Epervier,"  in  the  expedition  to 
St.  Domingo  under  General  Le  Clerc, 
whence  young  Jerome  brought  the  de- 
spatches; he  then  soon  after  sailed  for 
Martinique.  After  a  cruise  of  several 
months  he  put  into  New  York.  He 
visited  Philadelphia,  and,  December  24^ 
1803,  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Patter- 
son, the  daughter  of  a  merchant  of  Bal- 
timore, descended  from  a  Scotch  family 
settled  in  the  north  of  Ireland.  Napoleon 
was  proclaimed  Emperor  in  1804,  and  at 
the  date  of  his  brother's  marriage  was 
calculating  alliances  with  the  royal  and 
princely  families  of  Europe  as  part  of  his 
policy.  Jerome's  marriage  was  therefore 
a  check  to  that  plan,  and  was  deeply  re- 
sented by  the  new-made  sovereign,  who 
eagerly  claimed  from  all  members  of  his 


family  implicit  obedience  to  the  "head 
of  the  house." 

After  a  year  passed  in  the  United  States, 
Jerome  was  compelled  by  his  brother  to 
return  to  Europe ;  he  landed  with  his  wife 
at  Lisbon  in  May,  1805.  Jerome  left  for 
Paris,  and  the  lady  went  on  in  the  ship  to 
Amsterdam ;  on  arriving  in  the  Texel,  an 
order  had  been  received  forbidding  her  to 
land.  She  accordingly  came  to  England, 
and  resided  at  Camberwell,  near  London. 
On  July  7th  her  son,  Jerome  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  was  bom.  Still  the  Emperor 
Napoleon  would  not  recognise  the  marriage, 
nor  was  Madame  Jerome  Bonaparte  per- 
mitted to  enter  France.  In  the  March 
previously  the  marriage  had  been,  by  a  spe- 
cial decree  of  the  Conncil  of  State,  declared 
null  and  void,  but,  though  gre&tlj  urged, 
the  Pope  refused  his  sanction.  Jerome  tem- 
porized, for  he  seems  to  have  been  really  at- 
tached to  his  wife,  though  overawed  by  his 
unscrupulous  brother.  Whilst  the  matter 
was  pending,  he  was  sent  on  a  mission  to 
Algiers,  whence  he  returned  with  250 
Genoese  captives,  whom  he  landed  at 
Genoa,  where  he  was  received  with  great 
honour  as  the  "young  Napoleon  of  the 
sea."  He  next  commanded  the  "V^t^ran'* 
line-of-battle  ship,  one  of  Willaumez's 
squadron  in  the  West  Indies ;  whence  Je- 
rome, separating  irom  the  rest,  hurried 
back  to  France.  On  his  passage  he  had  the 
good  luck  to  capture  six  English  merchant- 
men ;  but  when  near  the  coast  of  France 
he  fell  in  with  the  English  cruisers,  and 
only  escaped  them  by  running  his  vessel 
into  Concameau.  On  reaching  Paris, 
however,  on  the  strength  of  the  prizes  that 
he  had  made,  some  of  which  had  reached 
French  ports,  he  received  the  cordon  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour,  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Admiral,  created  a  P*rince  of 
the  Empire,  and  changed  from  the  sea  to 
the  land  service :  which  last  was  almost  a 
necessity,  for  after  the  decisive  battle  of 
Trafalgar  his  occupation  as  an  admiral 
might  be  considered  as  gone. 

Jerome  now  yielded  to  the  wishes  of 
Napoleon,  abandoned  his  wife,  and  entered 
into  an  alliance  with  the  Princess  Frederica 
Caroline,  daughter  of  the  King  of  Wur- 
temberg ;  immediately  after  the  marriage 


208 


Sir  Joseph  Thackwell,  O.  C.B.  and  K.H. 


[Au 


g- 


he  was  proclaimed  King  of  Westphalia. 
In  1812  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  a  corps  d*armee  formed  of  German 
troops,  and  served  at  the  battles  of  Kowno 
and  Mohilew.  In  October,  1813,  he  was 
compelled  to  retire  before  the  Russians, 
and  at  the  head  of  some  French  detach- 
ments he  returned  to  Westphalia,  which 
he  afterwards  left  precipitately  on  hearing 
of  the  issue  of  the  battle  of  Leipsic.  In 
1814  he  rejoined  his  wife  at  Munich,  and 
after  residing  at  Trieste  and  Naples,  re- 
turned to  Paris  in  April,  1815.  During 
the  hundred  days  he  was  present  at  the 
oeremony  of  the  Champ  de  Mai,  as  well  as 
at  the  sittings  of  the  Chamber  of  Peers, 
yrhere  he  had  a  seat  as  a  French  prince. 
He  had  a  command  in  the  campaign  in 
Belgium,  was  wounded  at  Hongomont, 
and  after  the  defeat  at  Waterloo  returned 
with  Napoleon  to  Paris. 

At  the  time  of  the  second  abdication, 
Jerome  quitted  the  capital  on  the  27th  of 
June.  After  wandering  about  for  some 
time  in  France  and  Switzerland,  he  re- 
joined his  wife  in  Wurtemberg,  where  the 
allied  powers  permitted  him  to  reside,  pro- 
vided he  remained  in  privacy  and  had  none 
of  his  countrymen  in  his  service.  In  1816 
his  father-in-law  conferred  on  him  the  title 
of  Prince  de  Montfort,  and  for  thirty  years 
he  resided  by  turns  at  the  Chateau  of 
Bamberg,  near  Vienna,  Trieste,  and  Flo- 
rence. 

About  the  year  1846  Jerome,  in  his  own 
name,  opened  negotiations  with  the  6o- 
vemment  of  Louis  Philippe,  and  was  per- 
mitted to  return  temporarily  to  Paris  in 
1847.  After  the  revolution  of  1848,  and 
the  election  of  his  nephew  as  President  of 
the  Republic,  Jerome  was  made  Governor- 
General  of  the  Invalides,  and  soon  after 
raised  to  the  rank  of  Marshal  of  France. 
After  the  coup  d'etat  of  1851,  he  was 
made  President  of  the  Senate,  reinstated 
in  his  title  of  French  Prince,  and  pro- 
vided with  a  military  household,  a  civil 
list,  and  a  national  residence.  In  the 
absence  of  the  £mperor,  he,  on  several 
occasions,  presided  at  the  Council  of  Mi- 
nisters. The  deceased  was  always  remarked 
for  what,  when  contrasted  with  the  views 
9f  his  brother  and  his  nephew,  may  pass 
12 


as  liberal  opinions,  and  both  have  tolerated 
an  opposition  that,  from  the  mediocrity  of 
Jerome's  talents,  could  never  be  embar- 
rassing to  them.  Some  administrative 
ability  has,  however,  been  claimed  for  him, 
and  his  correspondence  with  Napoleon  was 
published  in  1854  by  Captiun  du  Casse,  as 
an  appendix  to  a  two-volume  "  Journal  of 
the  Military  Operations  of  King  Jerome 
in  Silesia."  It  is  asserted  that  he  has  left 
Memoirs,  and  has  left  directions  as  to  their 
publication.  In  compliance  with  the  ex- 
press wish  of  the  deceased,  testified  by  a 
codicil  added  to  his  will  a  week  before  his 
death,  the  ex-king  was  interred  in  the 
chapel  of  the  Invalides,  beside  his  brother. 
By  his  first  marriage  (with  Miss  Patter- 
son) Jerome  had  only  one  son,  who  was 
born  in  1806,  and  who  lived  at  Baltimore, 
where  be  afterwards  married  au  American 
lady.  Miss  Susan  May.  He  never  sought 
to  render  himself  conspicuous,  but  passed 
his  life  tranquilly  in  rural  pursuits,  and 
died  a  few  years  ago.  One  of  his  sons, 
Jerome  Napoleon,  bom  in  1832,  arrived 
in  France  since  the  re- establishment  of 
the  Empire;  and,  after  being  appointed 
sub-lieutenant  in  the  army,  was  decorated 
during  the  war  in  the  Crimea.  Ever  since 
1855  he  has  been  officer  of  the  staff  in  the 
1st  Chasseurs  d'Afrique.  By  his  marriage 
with  the  Princess  Frederika  of  Wurtem- 
berg, Jerome  had  two  sons — Jerome,  Count 
de  Montfort,  who  was  bom  in  1814,  and 
died  in  1847  at  Florence,  and  Napoleon 
Joseph  Charles  Paul;  also  a  daughter, 
Mathilde  Letitia  Wilhelmine,  Countess 
Demidoff,  well  known  as  the  Princess 
Mathilde. 


Lieut.-Gek.  Sib  Joseph  Thaokwsll, 
G.C.B.  and  K.H. 

Wb  have  been  requested  by  the  family 
of  the  deceased  General  to  insert  the  fol- 
lowing Memoir,  supplied  by  them  to  the 
"Annual  Register"  for  1859,  as  it  contuns 
a  more  complete  statement  of  his  career 
than  that  which  appeared  in  our  pages  in 
May,  1859. 

"  April  8, 1859.  At  Aghada-hall,  county 
Cork,  aged  78,  Lieutenant-General  Sir 
Joseph  Thackwell,  G.C.B. and  K.H.,Colonel 
of  the  Sixteenth  Lancers.  He  was  bom  in 


I860.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


209 


1781,  and  was  fourth  son  of  the  late  John 
Thackwell,  Esq.,  of  Morton-court  and  Rye- 
court,  Worcestershire,  the  direct  descend- 
ant of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Thackwell,  Vicar 
of  Waterperry,  Oxfordshire,  in  1607.    He 
obtained  a  commission  in  the  Worcester- 
shire Mounted  Fencibles  at  a  very  early 
age,  and  served  in  Ireland  during  the  Re- 
bellion.    He  entered  the  15th  Hussars  as 
a  Comet  in  1800,  in  which  regiment  he 
served  for  more  than  thirty  years.     He 
served  under  Sir  John  Moore  in  Spain  in 
1808-9,  and    was    present   at  Corunna; 
shared  in  the  campaigns  of  1813-14  in  the 
Peninsula,  including  the  battles  of  Vit- 
toria,  the  Pyrenees,  in  front  of  Pampeluna, 
27th,  28th,  29th,  and  30th  July;  blockade 
of  Pampeluna  from  the  18th  to  the  3l8t 
October,  when  it  surrendered;   battle  of 
Orthes,  affair  at  Tarbes,  and  battle  of 
Toulouse,  besides  many  affi^rs  of  advanced 
guards,   outposts,  &c.      At   Granada    he 
boldly  attacked  and  forced  back  upwards 
of  two  hundred  French  Dragoons  with 
fifty  of  the   Fifteenth   Hussars,  making 
several  prisoners,  for  which  he  was  recom- 
mended for  the  rank  of  Brevet-Major  by 
Lord  Combermere.     Served  also  the  cam- 
paign of  1815,  including  the  action  of 
Quatre  Bras,  the  retreat  on  the  following 
day,  and  battle  of  Waterloo.     He  was 
gazetted  Miyor  in  1815,  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Fifteenth  in  1820.    He  was 
engaged  in  suppressing    many  riots,  at 
Nottingham,  Birmingham,  &c.    At  Bir- 
mingham, in  1816,  ho  received  an  almost 
fatal  injury  on  the  head  from  a  brickbat. 
He  became  a  local  Major-General  in  India 
in    1838,    and  commanded  the  Cavalry 
Division    in    the    Affghan    campaign    of 
1838-9,  and  was  present  at  Ghuznee,  for 
which  services  he  received  the  K.C.B.  He 
commanded  the  Cavalry  Division  in  the 
battle  of  Maharajpore  in  1843,  was  chief  of 
the  Cavalry  throughout  the  Sutlej  war  in 
1846,  and  was  present  at  Sobraon,  where 
he  led  the  Srd  Light  Dragoons  in  single 
file  into  the  intrenchments  during  the 
heat  of  the  battle.     He  also  commanded 
the  Cavalry  in  the  Punjaub  campaign  in 
1848-9,  during  which  he  repulsed    the 
Sikh  army  under  Shere  Sing,  at  Sadoola- 
pore,  with  a  small   British  detachment. 
He  was  contused  on  the  right  shoulder  at 

Gbitt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Vittoria,  and  twice  severely  wounded  at 
Waterloo  (left  arm  amputated  close  to  the 
shoulder)  in  charging  sqaares  of  Infantry, 
also  having  two  horses  shot  under  him. 
He  was  gazetted  a  G.C.B.  in  1849,  and 
had  the  order  of  the  second  class  of  the 
Dooranee  Empire.  Sir  Joseph  received  the 
thanks  of  the  House  of  Commons  on  three 
separate  occasions.  His  conduct  at  Waters 
loo  has  been  thus  described  :— 

**  *  Sir  Joseph  was  wounded  in  what  the 
doctors  call  the  fore-arm  of  his  left  arm. 
This,  one  would  think,  would  stop  most 
men ;  but  no,  he  instantly  seized  his  bridle 
with  his  right  hand,  in  which  was  his 
sword,  and  still  dashed  on  at  the  head  of 
his  regiment — ^tho  command  of  the  15th 
having  devolved  upon  him — to  charge  the 
enemy.  Another  shot  took  effect,  luckily  on 
the  same  arm  already  wounded,  about  ten 
inches  higher  up.  The  arm  was  amputated 
very  near  the  shoulder  joint,  but  such  was 
the  gallant  fellow's  desire  to  be  on  duty, 
that  he  actually  joined  us  again  in  France 
within  a  few  weeks,  with  his  stump  un^ 
healed.* 

"Sir  Joseph  married  Maria  Audriah, 
eldest  daughter  of  Francis  Roche,  Esq.,  of 
Rochemount,  Cork  County,  and  grand 
uncle  of  Lord  Fermoy.  He  survived  his 
three  brothers— John  Thackwell,  ef  Wil- 
ton-place, Deputy-Lieutenant  and  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  Gloucestershire;  William 
Thackwell,  of  Morton-court,  an  officer  in 
the  Yeomanry  Cavalry ;  and  the  Rev. 
Stephen  Thackwell,  Rector  of  Birtsmorton, 
Worcestershire.  His  commissions  in  the 
army  were  dated, — Comet,  1800;  Lieu- 
tenant, 1801;  Captain,  1807;  MHJor,1815; 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  1817;  Colonel,  1837; 
M^or-General,  1846 ;  Lieutcnant-General, 
1854;  Colonel  of  the  16th  Lancers,  No- 
vember  10, 1849." 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

ApHl  21.  At  Melbourne,  the  Rev.  Thomat 
Chute  Ellis  Wareup,  Chaplain  of  H.M.8.  "  Pe- 
lonu,"  only  Son  of  William  Mark  Warcup, 
M.D.,  of  Seaming,  Norfolk,  and  grandson  of  the 
late  William  Warcup,  Staff-Surgeon  in  the 
Island  of  St  Vincent. 

May  28.  At  Beyrout,  Syria,  of  typhoid  fever, 
aged  46,  the  Rev.  Richard  Peace  Baker,  M.A., 
many  years  Incumbent  of  St.  Botolph-without- 
Aldgate,  in  the  city  of  London. 

June  17.  In  Lower  Mount-st.,  Dublin,  (the 
residence  of  his  son,  Edward  Johnstone,  esq.,) 
aged  66,  the  Rev.  J.  Bereqford  Johnstone,  Rector 
of  Jallow,  CO.  Carlow. 

June  18.    At  Bedford-pl.,  Reading,  aged  85, 
the    Rev.  John  Macaulay,  A.M.,  formerly   of 
Broad-tt. 

C  C» 


210 


Obituary. 


[Aug. 


June  20.  At  Radnor-pl.,  Mount  Badford,  aged 
69,  the  Hey,  John  Peiherick. 

June  21.  At  the  residence  of  his  sister,  (Lady 
Dnnalley's,  Monkstown,  Dablin,)  aged  68,  the 
Hon.  and  Bev.  J,  C.  Maude,  Rector  of  Ennis- 
killen. 

June  25.  At  the  Vicarage,  St  Mary-Church, 
aged  55,  the  Rev.  Henry  Oarrett  Newland,  Vicar 
of  St.  Mary-Church,  Rector  of  Westhoume,  and 
Chaplain  to  the  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

Aged  66,  the  Rev.  Edward  Bowlby,  M.A., 
Rector  of  Little  Thurrock,  Essex,  and  fourth  son 
of  the  Rev.  T.  Bowlby.  Mr.  Bowlby  was  for- 
merly an  officer  in  H.M.  King's  Own  or  4th  Regt., 
with  which  corps  he  served  throughout  the 
Peninsular  campaigns  and  at  the  battle  of  Wa- 
terloo. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Wold  Newton,  after  a  long 
illness,  aged  59,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Skelton,  Vicar  of 
Wold  Newton,  formerly  Curate  of  Scarborough, 
and  Perpetual  Curate  of  Wykeham. 

June  27.  At  Adstock,  Bucks,  aged  76,  the  Rev. 
Adam  Baynes,  Rector  of  that  parish. 

July  1.  At  Hoi  well  Parsonage,  Oxfordshire, 
aged  40,  the  Bev.  C.  Boothhy. 

July  5.  At  Bampton,  the  Rev.  J.  SUide,  M.A., 
lately  Curate  of  Minster  Lovell. 

At  Brompton,  aged  67,  the  Bev.  J,  Gray, 
Rector  of  Dioden,  Hants. 

July  7.  At  the  Vicarage-house,  Salehurst,  Sus- 
sex, aged  09,  the  Bev.  Jacob  George  Wrench, 
D.C.L.,  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  Vicar  of 
the  above  parish,  in  the  thirty-fourth  year  of 
bis  incumbency.  He  was  formerly  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London. 

At  his  residence,  the  Chapel-house,  St.  Os- 
wald's Hospital,  Worcester,  the  Bev.  William 
Bill,  for  fourteen  years  Chaplain  of  the  said  hos- 
I>ital,  and  upwards  of  twenty  years  chaplain  to 
the  Worcester  Infirmary. 

JuJy  8.  Aged  60,  the  Bev.  Wm.  Bucknall,  late 
Vicar  of  Youlgrave. 

July  11.  At  Walworth,  Londonderry,  aged 
64,  the  Bev.  George  Vaughan  Sampson,  Bector 
of  Tamlaght-Fiiilagan. 

July  13.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  51,  the  Bev. 
Thomae  Frederick  Ilenney^  M.A.,  Prebendary 
of  liincoln,  and  Examining  Chaplain  to  the 
Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

At  Glyn  Pedr,  Crickhowell,  Breconshire,  aged 
61,  the  Bev.  Edward  Lewis,  Bector  of  Llanbedr, 
with  Patrishow,  Brecon. 

DEATHS. 

ABBANOED  IN  CHBONOLOGIOAL  OBDEB. 

Supposed  to  have  perished  on  board  the  "  Bur- 
mah,"  in  November  last,  aged  23,  Boger,  fourth 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Cave-Brown-Cave,  evq., 
of  Bepton-lodge,  Derbyshire,  and  grandtton  of 
the  laic  Sir  William  Cave-Brown-Cave,  hart.,  of 
6tretton-en  -le-Field. 

April  2.  At  sea,  on  board  the  ship  "  Surrey," 
aged  81,  Lieut.  Fitx-Thomas  Ooldsvrorthy,  late 
of  the  72nd  Begt.  Bengal  N.L,  and  Brigade 
Major  at  Luoknow. 


April  7.  At  Port  Dover,  Canada  West,  Alex- 
ander, son  of  Alexander  Innes,  of  Bridgend, 
Livat,  Glenlivat.  The  deceased  emigrated  to 
America  nearly  twenty  years  ago,  where  he  suc- 
ceeded, after  a  few  years  of  hard  labour  and  in- 
dustry, in  taking  the  principal  hotel  in  Port 
Dover,  and  latterly  became  the  proprietor  of  that 
establishment,  when  he  proved  a  most  kind  and 
valuable  friend  to  any  native  of  Banffshire  who 
might  have  occasion  to  visit  that  town,  either  on 
business  or  with  the  view  of  procuring  employ- 
ment. In  many  cases  the  deceased  would  keep 
his  countrymen  at  his  house,  free  of  all  expense, 
until  they  might  be  able  to  obtain  a  situation, 
and  in  such  cases  he  would  accept  of  no  subse- 
quent remuneration.  Every  Banffshire  man  who 
visited  Port  Dover  invaribly  called  on  Sandy 
Innes,  when  he  was  sure  to  be  warmly  received 
and  hospitably  treated.  Mr.  Innes  has  left  a 
widow  and  three  young  children  to  lament  hia 
early  death. — Banffshire  Journal. 

Lately.  Colonel  Menche  de  Loisne,  a  veteran  of 
the  first  Empire.  The  deceased,  bom  in  1768, 
was  appointed  a  cadet  in  the  Walloon  Guard,  in 
the  service  of  the  King  of  Spain,  in  1783,  and  was 
present  at  the  blockade  of  Gibraltar.  He  rose  to 
the  command  of  a  company  of  the  Walloon 
Guards,  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  When  Napo- 
leon entered  Spain  in  1808,  he  joined  the  banner 
of  France,  and  was  charged  by  him  with  organi- 
ssing  a  regiment  of  Spaniards.  He  took  part  in 
most  of  the  battles  in  Spain  between  1808  and 
1814.  During  the  Hundred  Days  he  was  en- 
trusted with  the  command  of  Calais,  and  he  re- 
tired from  the  service  shortly  zf^jcr.—Galignani. 

At  Portsea,  aged  89,  Nelly  Giles.  She  was  on 
board  H.M.S.  ••  Bellerophon,"  Capt.  H.  Darby,  at 
the  Nile,  and  in  all  subsequent  engagements  under 
Nelfton,  and  was  a  most  useful  nurse  to  the  aiek 
and  wounded.  Three  days  after  the  battle  of  the 
Nile  Nelly  gave  birth  to  a  son.  The  Government 
awarded  her  a  pension  of  £17  per  annum  for 
life. 

Mr.  J.  Stewart,  who  was  for  many  years  M.P. 
for  Lymington.  He  was  first  elected  for  Lymlng- 
ton  in  the  Conservative  interest  in  1832,  when 
he  was  the  colleague  of  the  late  Sir  Harry  Bur- 
rard  Neale,  hart.,  of  Walhampton.  He  was  re- 
elected, together  with  Mr.  Mackinnon,  in  1835, 
1837,  and  1841.  At  the  dissolution  in  1847  he 
lost  his  election,  being  defeated  by  the  present 
Earl  of  Albemarle,  on  which  occasion  he  retired 
from  public  life.  Mr.  Stewart  lent  his  support 
to  the  free-trade  measures  of  the  late  Sir  Robert 
Peel. 

At  Staplefleld-common,  aged  73,  Mr.  Isaae 
Bechely,  of  Aliens-farm.  The  family  of  Bechely, 
it  has  been  asserted,  were  established  as  rilleins, 
or  copyholders,  with  oath  of  suit  and  serviee  to 
the  Earl  Warren,  in  the  very  farm  where  Mr. 
Bechely  lived  and  died,  and  which,  for  a  period 
of  nearly  800  years,  has  been  in  their  poMeaaion. 

May  7.  At  Kaira,  Hugh  Bamctt  Lockett,  of 
the  Bombay  Civil  Service ;  and,  on  the  19th  fol- 
lowing, at  Ahmedabad,  Mary  Jane,  bis  widow — 
both  of  cholera. 

May  9.    At  Secunderabad,  India,    aged  25, 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


2H 


Lieut.  John  Shad  well,  18th  Royal  Irish  Regt., 
third  son  of  James  Theobald,  esq.,  of  Winchester. 

May  16.  At  Capetown,  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
aged  66,  Major-Gen.  D.  Bolton,  Royal  Engineers. 

May  22.  On  board  the  P.  and  0.  steamer 
<*  Nemesis,"  aged  20,  Rose  Frances,  wife  of  0. 
W.  Moore,  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  and 
second  dau.  of  Col.  Sir  Samuel  Falkiner,  bart. 

May  25.  At  Yarmouth,  aged  86,  W.  Ilankes, 
esq.,  formerly  of  Norwich.  He  served  the  office 
of  sheriff  in  1811,  and  of  mayor  in  1816. 

May  26.  At  Quebec,  the  Hon.  Francis  W. 
Primrose,  only  brother  to  the  Earl  of  Rosebery. 

May  31,  Of  yellow  fever,  at  Barbados,  aged 
20,  Howard  Plestow  Cox,  Ensign  of  H.M.'s  21st 
Fusiliers,  youngest  son  of  G.  H.  Richardson 
Cox,  esq.,  Ashbourn-road,  Derby. 

June  2.  Suddenly,  in  the  house  of  Adm.  Hamil- 
ton, in  Wimpole-st.,  Major  Leopold  von  Orlich,  of 
the  Prussian  Guards,  a  knight  of  several  orders. 
The  deceased  was  the  son  of  the  officer  whose 
desperate  defence  of  Konigsberg  against  Marshal 
Ney  is  matter  of  history.  He  was  not  only  dis- 
tinguished  in  the  Prussian  service,  but  took  an 
active  part  in  the  operations  of  the  British  army 
in  India,  where  he  was  sent  on  a  military  mission 
by  the  King  of  Prussia  after  our  disasters  in 
AffghanLstan.  The  British  rule  in  India  deeply 
interested  his  intelligence  and  his  sympathies, 
and  he  not  only  published,  in  German  and  in 
JEnglish,  two  interesting  volumes  of  his  personal 
experiences,  but  he  was  engaged  during  the  latter 
years  of  bis  life  in  a  laborious  and  conscientious 
study  of  the  '*  History  of  British  India."  Of  this 
work  two  volumes  have  already  appeared  in  Ger- 
many, and  have  won  attention  and  approbation. 
The  Major  leaves  behind  him  large  materials  for 
the  completion  of  his  work,  which  it  is  hoped  will 
fall  into  worthy  hands.  Among  the  crowd  of 
jwmphlcts  on  the  causes  of  the  mutiny  in  India, 
Major  von  Orlich's  was  distinguished  by  the  good 
sense  and  freedom  from  exaggeration  which,  at 
such  a  moment,  few  Englishmen  could  command. 
His  other  most  noted  works  are  the  *'  Life  of  the 
Great  Elector  "  and  the  •'  War  in  Silesia,"  which 
rank  high  among  the  military  histories  of  his 
country.  He  married  the  only  daughter  of  Mr. 
George  Matthew,  of  Fowler's-hall,  Kent,  and 
sister  of  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  Legation  in 
Mexico. 

June  3.  Suddenly,  Henry  Howes,  esq.,  of  St. 
Augustine's-road,  Camden  New-town,  and  of 
King's  Cliffe,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Nursingpore,  India,  aged  24,  William  James 
Bullock,  esq.,  C.E.,  G.  L  P.  Railway,  fourth  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Bullock,  Rector  of 
Castle  Eaton,  and  Vioar  of  Chiseldon. 

June  8.  At  Woodpark,  Neston,  Cheshire, 
aged  70,  Com.  Wm.  Snell,  R.N.,  aged  70.  The 
deceased  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar. 

At  her  residence,  Wilton-road,  Salisbury, 
Charlotte  Aubrey,  widow  of  Capt.  Beverley 
Robinson,  R.A.,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Peyto  Shrubb,  esq.,  of  Stoke,  Guildford. 

June  9.  At  St.  Mildred*s-court,  aged  65,  Geo. 
Frew  Kennedy,  esq.,  late  managing  clerk  in  the 
bank  of  Sir  J.  W.  Lubbock,  Forster,  and  Co.,  in 

Q£NT.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


whose  employment  he  had  nearly  oompleted  his 
fiftieth  year. 

June  10.  At  Swanage,  Richard  Ledgard,  esq., 
a  member  of  the  long-known  bankiug  firm  of 
Ledgard  and  Sons,  in  Poole  and  the  neighbour- 
ing town  of  Ringwood.  He  was  the  younger  son 
of  the  late  George  Welch  Ledgard,  esq.,  for  many 
years  a  banker  in  Poole,  in  which  the  grand- 
father of  the  deceased  also  resided,  and  who 
married  Miss  Welch,  a  niece  of  George  Welch, 
esq.,  of  London,  the  founder  of  the  bank  of 
Welch,  Rogers,  Olding  and  Rogers,  afterwards 
known  as  Rogers,  Towgood  and  Co.,  and  since 
the  death  of  the  poet  Rogers,  as  Olding,  Sharp, 
and  Co.  The  deceased  and  his  father  both  filled 
the  office  of  Mayor  of  their  native  town  no  less 
than  five  times. 

June  11.  At  Pen-Craig-court,  Herefordshire, 
aged  62,  Sarah  Anne,  relict  of  the  late  Thomas 
Brook,  esq. 

June  12.  At  Ovington-sq.,  Brompton,  aged 
50,  Catherine,  wife  of  William  Hazlitt,  esq. 

At  Paris,  aged  61,  Admiral  Parseval  Desch^nrs. 
The  deceased,  bom  at  Paris  in  1790,  entered  the 
navy  in  1804,  was  in  thcf  **  Bucentaure"  at  the 
battle  of  Trafalgar,  and  escaped  by  miracle  in 
tbe  destruction  of  that  vessel.  In  1827  he  became 
captain  dtfrigatet  and  in  1830  commanded  the 
<'  Euryale"  in  the  capture  of  Algiers.  In  1833 
he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  captain  de  vaiS" 
ieau^  and  figured  in  the  expedition  against  Rosas, 
in  the  occupation  of  the  Isle  of  Martin  Garcia, 
and  in  the  siege  of  Saint  Juan  d'Ulloa.  He  ob^ 
tained  the  grade  of  Rear- Admiral  in  1840,  and  in 
1841  was  appointed  Maritime  Prefect  at  Cher- 
bourg. In  1846  he  was  made  Vice- Admiral,  and 
afterwards  held  the  office  of  Inspector-General 
of  crews  for  the  ports  of  Brest,  Lorient,  and 
Cherbourg.  In  1851  he  was  made  a  member  of 
the  Council  of  tbe  Admiralty.  In  1854  the  com- 
mand of  the  squadron  of  the  Baltic  was  confided 
to  him,  and  be  flgrured  on  board  the  **  Inflexible** 
in  the  attack  on  Bomarsund.  In  December  of 
that  year  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Admi- 
ral, and  in  virtue  of  that  grade  became  a  Senator. 
He  was  Orand  Officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honour. 
After  a  religious  ceremony  at  the  Hotel  des  In- 
valides,  the  remains  of  the  Admiral  were  interred 
in  the  cemetery  at  Montmame.  The  Emperor 
has  ordered  a  statue  of  the  deceased  to  be  placed 
in  the  museum  at  Versailles. — Oaiignani, 

June  13.  Aged  74,  Charles  Lomaz,  esq.,  sur- 
geon, Weobly,  Herefordshire. 

June  14.  At  the  Park,  Harrow,  aged  36,  Robt. 
Robinson  Harris,  Capt  67th  B.N. I.,  and  canton- 
ment joint  magistrate  at  Cawnpore. 

At  Stevenson,  Haddington,  Anne  Elizabeth, 
eldest  dan.  of  Vioe-Admiral  Sir  John  Gordon  Sin- 
clair, bart. 

At  Government-house,  Madras,  aged  25,  Jane 
Theophila,  wife  of  D.  F.  Carmichael,  esq..  Civil 
Service,  Private  Secretary  to  His  Excellency  Sir 
C.  E.  Trevelyan,  K.C.B. 

At  Dane-bank,  near  Congleton,  (the  residenee 
of  Ms  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  John  P.  Firmin,  In- 
cumbent of  Christ  Church,  Eaton,)  aged  93,  Wm. 
Fauldes,  esq. 

Dd 


212 


Obituaky. 


[Aug. 


At  Slebech-park,  Pembrokeshire,  the  Baroness 
de  Rutzen,  wife  of  the  Baron  de  Ratzen,  and 
sister  of  the  Countess  Dowager  of  Lichfield. 

At  Worthing,  very  suddenly,  aged  61,  Mr. 
James  Mitchell.  For  a  period  of  upwards  of 
twenty  years  Mr.  Mitchell  was  a  well-known 
coach  proprietor,  and  the  driver  of  the  "  Accom- 
modation" coach  from  Worthing  to  London, 
which  he  discontinued  on  the  opening  of  the 
London  and  South  Coast  Railway  to  Worthing ; 
at  which  time  a  service  of  plate,  of  the  value  of 
one  hundred  guineas,  was  presented  to  him  by 
subscriptions  limited  to  half-a-guinea  each,  from 
the  nobility  and  gentry  usually  travelling  with 
him.  The  patronage  and  encouragement  he  re- 
ceived whilst  in  business,  induced  no  less  by  his 
personal  deportment  than  by  his  skill,  enabled 
him  to  lay  by  enough  to  live  genteelly  on  his  re- 
tiring from  it.  He  has  since  resided  in  Worthing. 
He  was  spending  the  evening  with  a  few  friends, 
when  in  a  moment  his  head  was  seen  to  drop 
and  his  death  occurred.  It  was  known  to  him- 
self that  his  heart  was  organically  affected,  and 
he  had  on  several  occasions  within  the  last  few 
years  expressed  himsialf  to  his  most  intimate 
friends  that  his  death  would  be  sudden. 

June  15.  At  Cringleford,  Norwich,  aged  35, 
Mary  Ann,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  William  Cufaude 
Davie.  1 

At  his  residence,  Claughton-park,  aged  45, 
Thomas  Andrew,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
George  Andrew,  esq..  Green-hill,  Compstall, 
Cheshire. 

At  Ottery  St.  Mary,  aged  42,  Aima  Maria,  wife 
of  Henry  John  Greenstrcet,  esq. 

At  Brompton,  Chatham,  Kent,  aged  85,  Major 
James  Macdonald,  late  Paymaster  of  East  India 
Depots. 

June  16.  At  Seaton,  aged  67,  Sarah,  relict  of 
H.  F.  Bidgood,  esq.,  of  Rockbeare-court. 

Aged  20,  Wm.  Welfit,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
W.  B.  Harrison,  Rector  of  Gayton,  Lincolnshire. 

Suddenly,  from  angina  pectoris,  aged  60,  John 
Loseby,  esq.,  of  Knigh ton-hall,  Leicestershire. 

In  High-st,  Guildford,  aged  30,  Mr.  Frederick 
Samuel  Baker,  late  librarian  and  collector  to  the 
Guildford  Institute. 

At  Hanover-cottage,  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged 
62,  Jane,  youngest  daughter  and  last  surviving 
child  of  Richard  Legh,  esq.,  of  Adlington-hall, 
Cheshire,  and  Shaw-hill,  Lancashire. 

At  the  Printing  Oflice  of  Messrs.  Taylor  and 
Francis,  Shoe-lane,  City,  Mr.  Southgate,  the 
joverseer  of  the  machine  department.  When  ad- 
justing the  strap  of  one  of  the  machines  he  was 
caught  by  the  sleeve  of  his  jacket,  and  before 
Assistance  could  reach  him  was  dragged  with 
fearful  velocity  round  the  shaft.  He  was  dread- 
fully injured,  and  died  in  a  few  minutes.  He 
had  been  for  forty  years  in  the  employ  of  the 
firm. 

.    June  17.    At  Beckenham,  aged  67,  Francis 
Glass,  esq. 

At  Hexham,  Anne  Walrond,  second  dau.  of 
Theodore  Wood,  esq. 

.    At  Holland-ter.y  Maidstone,  aged  87,  Eliza, 
widow  of  John  Warde,  esq.,  of  Boughton  Mon- 


Chelsea,  and  eldest  sister  of  Demetrius  Grevis 
James,  esq.,  of  Ightham-court,  Kent. 

Aged  22,  Kate,  widow  of  William  0.  TJorris, 
and  dau. -in-law  of  Capt.  Joseph  Norris,  R.N. 

Mr.  Serjeant  Murphy,  late  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  Insolvent  Debtors*  Court. 
The  learned  gentleman  was  called  to  the  English 
bar  in  1833,  and  represented  the  county  of  Cork 
in  Parliament  for  upwards  of  sixteen  years,  his 
connexion  with  the  House  of  Commons  only 
ceajiing  in  September,  1853,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Commissioner  of  the  Court  upon  the 
decease  of  the  late  Chief  Commissioner,  Mr.  H. 
R.  Reynolds. 

June  18.  At  Leamington,  suddenly,  Alexander 
Begbic,  esq.,  one  of  the  county  magistrates. 

At  Leamington,  Eliza  Colmer,  widow  of  Wm. 
Lucas,  esq.,  of  Castle  Carey,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Silvester  Rawkins,  of  East  Pennard,  Somer- 
set, and  grand-dau.  of  the  late  Alexander  Hill 
Osbaldeston,  esq.,  of  Wandsworth,  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Westhill,  aged  78,  Robert 
Tanner,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  for 
many  years  an  inhabitant  of  Ban  well. 

At  Southhill,  Stoke,  Devonport,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  the  wife  of  Rear-Adm.  Hillyar,  and 
sister  of  the  late  James  Dawe,  esq. 

At  Dublin,  aged  20,  William  Henry  Smith,  of 
Eden -quay,  son  of  Benjamin  Smith,  esq.,  of 
Higher  Brixham,  Devon. 

June  10.  Charles  Umphelby,  esq.,  of  Denton- 
house,  Norfolk. 

At  Ahmedabad,  of  cholera,  aged  23,  Bulkley  J. 
Mackworth  Praed,  of  the  Bombay  Civil  Service, 
second  son  of  Bulkley  J.  Mackworth  Praed, 
esq.,  of  4,  Bryanston-sq.,  London. 

At  Cockaimy-house,  by  Abcrdour,  Fife,  aged 
72,  Laura,  widow  of  Sir  Robert  Mowbray,  of 
Cockaimy,  K.H. 

At  Clifton,  aged  40,  John  Compton  Hanford, 
esq.,  of  Woollas-hall,  Worcestershire. 

Susanna,  wife  of  John  Hawra,  esq.,  of  Botolph* 
street,  Colchester. 

Suddenly,  F.  A.  Frost,  esq.,  of  Chester,  father 
of  the  Mayor  of  Chester. 

June  20.  At  Burnett,  near  Bath,  aged  74,  Lady 
Wilson,  relict  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  J.  Wilson,  K.C.B. 

At  Marine-mansion,  Brighton,  aged  86,  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  Joseph  Smart,  esq. 

In  Eaton-sq.,  Mary  Anne,  wife  of  Edward 
Buller,  esq.,  of  Dilhorn-hall,  Staffordshire. 

In  Charles-st.,  Kennington,  London,  aged  81, 
Capt.  William  Edmund  Drake,  R.N. 

At  Tunbridge,  aged  84,  Harriet,  relict  of  Thos. 
Allnutt,  esq.,  of  the  Thorns,  Alconbury,  Hunts. 

At  Leicester,  Mr.  John  Litchfield,  lately  wool- 
comber  and  publican,  of  Royal  East-street,  who 
was  bom  on  the  25th  of  December,  1760,  and 
consequently  had  nearly  completed  his  hundredth 
year.  He  was  descended  fh>m  a  stock  noted  for 
their  longevity,  his  father  having  died  a  few 
months  older  than  he  was,  his  grandfather  at  the 
age  of  105,  and  his  grandmother  at  the  age  of 
111.  He  retained  the  use  of  his  mental  faculties 
tmimpaired  to  the  last  hour.  He  leaves  two  sons 
and  three  daughters,  the  youngest  being  fifty- 
eight  years  of  age. 


I860.] 


Obituart. 


213 


At  St.  Gennain-en-Laye,  aged  74,  M.  Jubelin, 
formerly  Under-secretarj'  of  State  for  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Marine  and  Colonies  under  the 
ministry  of  Baron  de  Mackan  and  the  Duke  de 
Montebella  For  fifteen  years  he  served  the  State 
as  Governor,  in  succession,  of  three  several 
French  colonies.  He  had  been  a  Commissary- 
general  of  Marine,  and  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Admiralty. 

At  the  Rue  Pomme  du  Pin,  in  Lyons,  where 
he  had  resided  since  his  retirement  from  the 
stage,  M.  Lureau.  lie  had  an  extraordinary  hal- 
lucination of  mind,  which  led  him  to  imagine  he 
had  committed  some  crime,  and  he  implored  his 
friends  to  testify  to  his  innocence.  On  hearing 
the  cathedral  bell  ringing  for  the  Te  Deum^  he 
exclaimed,  *' Ah!  that  is  my  pardon,"  sat  down 
and  wrote  to  the  Jesuits  in  the  Rue  Sala,  stating 
that  heaven  had  put  an  end  to  his  disquietude ; 
but  in  a  day  or  two  after,  while  three  friends 
were  conversing  with  him,  he  became  suddenly 
excited,  and  threw  himself  out  of  the  window, 
which  is  on  the  fomrth  floor,  and  was  killed 
instantly. 

June  21.  In  Upper  Berkeley-st.,  aged  78, 
Lieut.-Gen.  Dynelcy,  C.B.,  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Clifton,  George  Pleydell  Tuke,  esq.,  of  the 
Madras  Public  Works  Department,  and  of  Daw- 
lish,  Devon. 

At  Stowmarket,  aged  90,  Martha  Diggon  Mar- 
riott, younger  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Bate- 
man,  many  years  Rector  of  Igburgh  and  Lang- 
ford,  Norfolk,  and  widow  of  John  Marriott,  esq., 
formerly  of  Thomey-hall,  Stowupland,  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  for  Suffolk. 

At  Geneva,  suddenly,  aged  76,  George  de  Win- 
ton,  esq.,  late  of  Hcywood-hall,  8t.  George's, 
Somersetshire. 

At  Cheltenham,  agred  78,  Ann,  widow  of  John 
"Wood,  esq.,  of  Worthing. 

At  Cheltenham,  Vice-Adm.  Rowland  Money, 
C.B.,  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Money,  esq.,  of 
liomme-house,  Herefordshire,  and  brother  of 
the  late  Gen.  Sir  James  Kyrle  Money,  Bart. 

Suddenly,  Anne  Eliza,  widow  of  CapC.  Pon- 
sonby,  of  Springfield,  Cumberland,  and  dau.  of 
the  late  Capt  Jones  Skelton,  formerly  of  the 
Royal  Artillery. 

At  his  residence,  Beresford-lodge,  Peel-ter., 
Brighton,  aged  8G,  Luke  Thomas  Flood,  esq., 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  conniics  of  Sussex 
and  Herts.,  also  Middlesex,  of  which  be  was  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant. 

Wm.  Simms,  esq.,  F.R.S.,  of  Carshalton,  Sur- 
rey, jtnd  of  Fleet-street 

At  his  residence,  Town  MalUng,  Kent,  aged  87, 
Peter  Sutton,  esq. 

At  Florence,  Samuel  Reginald  Routh,  esq.,  of 
Farley-park,  Hunts. 

June  22.  At  Famborough-pl.,  Hants,  aged  39, 
George  Farquhar  Leslie,  esq.,  of  Rutland-gate, 
London,  fourth  son  of  the  late  William  Leslie, 
esq.,  of  Warthill,  Aberdeenshire. 

At  the  residence  of  her  nephew,  the  Rev.  Pro- 
fcsHor  Kclland,  at  Edinburgh,  aged  81,  Miss 
Jane  Fifih,  sister-in-law  to  the  late  Rev.  Philip 
Kellaud,  Rector  of  Landcross,  near  BiUefotd. 


At  Guildford,  aged  61,  John  Henry  Chancellor, 
esq.,  of  Barnes,  Surrey. 

At  Woodleigh  Rectory,  aged  88,  Robert  Daw- 
son, esq. 

Suddenly,  at  Burley  Vicarage,  Rutland,  aged 
40,  William  Henry  Bui  net,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Jones,  Vicar  of  the  parish. 

June  23.  At  Hastings,  aged  22,  Emily,  eldest 
dau.  of  Robert  Ingram,  esq.,  of  Moor-hall,  Rajua- 
ham,  Essex. 

At  Forth  End-house,  Great  Waltham,  Essex* 
aged  61,  Thos.  Wm.  Leppingwell,  esq. 

At  St.  Helier*s,  Jersey,  aged  31,  Joachim  Otte, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  Walter  Otte,  esq. 

At  Preston-house,  Ellingham,  aged  75,  MiM 
Frances  Isabel  Craster,  only  dau.  of  the  late 
Shafto  Craster,  esq.,  of  Craster-tower. 

June  24.  Aged  79,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Scales, 
author  of  *'  The  Principles  of  Dissent."  He  left 
his  home,  at  Gomersal,  on  the  preceding  after- 
noon, in  order  to  preach  the  Itmeral  sermon  of 
the  Rev.  J.  Paul,  of  Wilsey,  but  he  was  taken  ill 
at  the  Low  Moor  station,  was  removed  to  a 
neighbouring  hotel,  and  expired  in  the  morning. 
The  deceased  was  minister  of  Queen-street  Inde- 
pendent chapel  at  Leeds  for  a  period  of  thirty 
years. 

At  the  Gloucester  Union,  aged  100,  Ann  Wren, 
widow  of  Sergeant  Wren,  of  the  Grenadier  Com- 
pany of  the  Gloucester  Militia. 

At  WoodviUe,  Lucan,  Dublin,  aged  87,  Gen. 
Sir  Hopton  Stafford  Scott,  late  of  the  E.I.C.S. 
The  deceased  General  was  chosen  to  represent 
the  E.I.C.S.  at  the  funeral  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Wellington. 

At  the  Lawn,  Belper,  aged  79,  Martha,  relict 
of  the  late  John  Harrison,  esq. 

At  Lee,  Kent,  Marion  Moffat,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  B.  HonnywOl. 

At  Shaftesbury,  aged  67,  James  Lnsh  Buck- 
land,  esq. 

At  Toulouse,  aged  73,  M.  le  Vioomtc  de  Panat. 
Since  1824  he  had  been  the  main  support  of  the 
Socidt^  dcs  jeux-floraux,  for  which  Toulouse  is  so 
celebrated,  and  was  elected  secretary  to  it  after 
M.  Malaret's  decease.  The  manner  and  style  in 
which  their  annual  reports  were  drawn  up  by 
him  did  much  credit  to  his  scholarship  and  powers 
of  analysis. 

At  Paris,  M.  A.  Lacordaire,  former  Inspeetor- 
Oencrul  des  ponts  et  chaustiet^  and  formerly 
deputy  for  the  Haute-Mame.  In  making  exca- 
vations at  Pouilly  for  the  canal  de  Bourgogne, 
he  made  the  discovery  of  the  Roman  cement  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  Pouilly. 

June  25.  At  his  residence,  Pittville-lawn,  Chelt- 
enham, aged  69,  Major  Hagh  Morgan,  late  of 
the  Royal  Artillery. 

In  Fitzroy-sq.,  Archibald  Campbell  Barclay, 
esq. 

At  Staten  Island,  near  New  York,  James  Wm. 
Maitland,  esq.,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Dundrennan. 

At  Thome,  aged  69,  Jane,  wife  of  Wm.  Thorpe, 
esq.,  solicitor. 

At  Tolgulla,  Cornwall,  aged  63,  Charlotte, 
wife  of  £.  H.  Hawke,  esq. 


Hi 


Obituary. 


{Aug. 


At  Worthing,  saddenly,  of  disease  of  the 
heart,  Mary,  wife  of  Lieat.-Oen.  Charles  Orene 
'Ellioombe,  C.B. 

At  Crediton,  aged  80,  Sasanna  Hugo,  relict  of 
John  T.  Franois,  esq.,  and  subsequently  of  Ste- 
phen Hugo,  esq.,  surgeon,  both  of  Crediton. 

At  Florence,  aged  91,  Wm.  Somerrille,  M.D., 
formerly  one  of  the  principal  Inspectors  of  the 
Army  Medical  Board,  and  Physician  to  the  Royal 
Hospital,  Chelsea. 

•■  At  Rouge,  near  Paris,  Gen.  Count  de  Rumigny, 
for  many  years  one  of  the  aides-de-camp  of  King 
Louis  Philippe. 

June  26.  At  Manchester,  aged  32,  Mr.  R.  B. 
Brough,  a  well-known  writer  of  burlesque  dramas, 
fto.  Mr.  Brough  was  bom  in  London  in  1828, 
but  passed  bis  early  years  in  Monmouthshire, 
and  his  school-days  at  Newport,  near  which  his 
father  conducted  a  brewing  establishment. 
Family  reverses  led  to  his  being  employed  first 
on  a  publication  at  Liverpool,  and  afterwards,  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Angus  B.  Reach,  on  a 
comic  periodical  in  London.  His  dramatic  pieces, 
if  not  of  very  lofty  pretensions,  were  sufficiently 
BuccessAil  to  stamp  his  reputation  with  managers, 
and  ensure  ftill  employment  for  his  pen. 

In  Wellington-st.,  Stoke,  Devonport,  aged  80, 
Miss  Lang,  sister  of  the  late  Oliver  Lang,  esq., 
master  shipwright  H.M.'s  Dockyard,  Woolwich. 

Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Jervis,  late  of 
Stoke  Golding,  Leicestershire. 

At  Bath,  aged  62,  Augustus  Blatch  Beevor, 
esq.,  formerly  of  Corpus  Christ!  College,  Cam- 
bridge, and  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Augustus 
Beevor,  Rector  of  Burghapton,  Norfolk. 

In  Walpole-st.,  Chelsea,  aged  12,  Sophia  Eliza- 
beth, third  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  J.  B.  Bonham, 
late  50th  Regt. 

At  Moor-hall,  Eye,  aged  74,  Charles  Bealea, 
esq.,  Capt.  R.N. 

At  Yarmouth,  aged  65,  Anna,  wife  of  Septimus 
Dowson,  esq. 

At  Bungay,  aged  80,  Georgia,  relict  of  Pearse 
Walker,  esq. 

June  27.  At  his  residence.  Southland,  Isle  of 
Wight,  aged  74,  Sir  Henry  Allen  Johnson,  bart. 

At  Campden-hill-road,  Kensington,  aged  59, 
Col.  George  James  Muat  MacDowell,  C.B.,  late 
commnnding  16th  Lancers. 

At  Park-cres.,  Portland-pl.,  aged  71,  William 
Parry  Richards,  esq.,  second  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Richard  Richards,  formerly  Lord  Chief  Baron  of 
the  Exchequer. 

At  Long-lodge,  Merton,  Surrey,  aged  60,  Sarah 
Jane,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  James  Robert  Cole- 
brooke,  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Tun  bridge  Wells,  aged  62,  John  Roberts, 
esq.,  late  of  Borzell,  Ticehurst.  Sussex. 

At  Darlington,  aged  57,  Arihur  Strother,  esq., 
surgeon. 

At  Rhyl,  Flintshire,  aged  64,  Catherine,  widow 
o  the  Rev.  John  Hanmer,  M.  A.,  and  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  Thomas  Whichcote,  bart.,  of  Aswarby, 
Lincolnshire. 

At  Paris,  aged  70,  Gen.  the  Marquis  de  Lauris- 
ton,  grand  officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honour, 
&c.,  formerly  Col.  of  the  Tenth  Legion  of  the 


National  Guard,  and  a  Gentleman  of  the  King's 
Chamber.  This  nobleman,  Augustus  John  Alex- 
ander Law,  bom  at  Laf&re  Oct.  10,  1790,  was  the 
son  of  the  celebrated  Marshal  Law  de  Lauriston, 
one  of  Napoleon's  generals,  and  bearer  of  the 
treaty  of  peace  of  Amiens  to  London,  and  was 
the  gnreat-great  nephew  of  the  famous  John  Law, 
of  the  Mississippi  scheme. 

June  28.  At  his  residence.  Ivy-house,  Rich- 
mond, Surrey,  aged  79,  Isaac  Ward,  esq. 

At  the  Westminster  Hospital,  in  consequence 
of  injuries  received  by  being  thrown  from  bis 
horse  on  his  return  from  the  volunteer  review 
on  the  23rd,  being  one  of  the  First  Surrey 
Mounted  Rifles,  aged  40,  Mr.  Dudley  Wells,  a 
wholesale  stationer  in  Aldermanbury.  He  haa 
left  a  veife  and  four  children,  the  youngest  of 
whom  has  been  bom  since  the  melancholy  acci- 
dent. 

June  29.  At  his  house,  Hill-st,  Berkeley-sq., 
Vice-Admiral  Sir  George  R.  Brooke  Pechell, 
M.P.  for  Brighton.  The  gallant  baronet  was  the 
second  son  of  Major-General  Sir  T.  B.  Pechell, 
and  was  born  in  1789.  He  entered  the  navy  in 
1803,  and  was  midshipman  of  the  "  Medusa"  at 
the  capture  of  the  Spanish  treasure  ships  in 
1804  ;  and  of  the  "  Revenge**  at  the  capture 
of  four  French  Arigates  in  1806;  also  of  the 
"Venus"  at  the  defence  of  Vigo.  When  lieu- 
tenant of  the  "Macedonian**  he  brought  out 
with  her  boats  a  lugger  from  under  the  batteries 
of  the  He  d'Aix  in  1812  ;  was  commander  of 
the  "  Colibri"  and  "  Recruit*'  off  New  York  and 
Charlestown  in  1814,  and  of  the  "  Tamar"  on  the 
North  American  station.  On  obtaining  his  post 
rank  he  retired  upon  half-pay.  His  commissions 
bore  date  as  follows  :— lieutenant,  June  25tli, 
1810 ;  commander.  May  30tb,  1814 ;  captain, 
Dec.  26th,  1822  ;  rear-admiral,  Dec.  17th,  1852 ; 
and  vice-admiral  Jan.  5th,  1858.  In  July, 
1880,  the  late  baronet  was  nominated  Gentle- 
man Usher  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  and  in  April 
of  the  following  year  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Equerries  of  Queen  Adelaide,  and  was  named  a 
Groom  in  Waiting  to  the  Queen,  but  declined 
that  honour  from  the  position  he  held  in  the 
Dowager  Queen's  household.  He  had  repre- 
sented Brighton  in  Parliament  for  25  years,  har- 
ing  been  first  returned  in  1835.  During  his 
Parliamentary  eareer  he  had  uniformly  sup- 
ported the  Whig  administration.  On  all  occa- 
sions while  in  Parliament  he  displayed  a  strong 
and  most  natural  interest  in  the  efficiency  of  the 
navy.  The  deceased  admiral  married,  in  August, 
1826,  the  Hon.  Katherine  Annabella  Bishopp, 
dau.  of  the  late  Lord  De  La  Zouche,  and  coheir- 
ess with  her  sister,  the  present  Baroness  De  La 
Zouche.  He  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  elder  brother.  Sir  John  R.  Pechell,  in 
1849.  The  baronetcy,  in  default  of  survivin«r  male 
issue,  devolves  on  his  cousin,  George  Samuel, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Captain  Samuel  G.  Pechell, 
R.N.,  bom  in  1812,  and  married  in  1842  to  Miss 
Brenner,  dau.  of  Col.  Brenner  of  the  Madras 
army.  He  has  served  in  the  47th  Madras  Native 
Infantry,  and  is  now  a  captain  in  the  Shropshire 
MiUtia. 


I860.] 


Objccary. 


219 


At  Brigrhton,  aged  72,  Thomas  Addison,  M.D., 
of  Berkclcy-sq.,  late  Consulting  Physician  and 
Lecturer  in  Physic  to  Guy*s  Hospital.  The  un- 
fortunate grentleman  had  been  of  late  aflUcted  by 
melancholia,  and  while  thus  suffering  had  made 
several  attempts  to  commit  suicide,  and  two  per- 
sons had  been  engaged  to  look  after  him.  Two 
days  before  his  death  they  were  walking  with 
him  in  the  garden,  and  were  about  to  enter  the 
bouse,  when  he  suddenly  sprang  over  a  dwarf 
wall  into  the  area  beneath,  falling  a  depth  of 
about  nine  feet,  by  which  he  received  a  f^*acture 
of  the  ftontal  bone  of  the  skull,  and  he  died  tram 
the  injuries  thus  sustained.  No  blame  was  at- 
tributed to  the  attendants,  and  a  verdict  of 
**  Temporary  insanity"  was  returned.  The  de- 
ceased, who  was  author  of  several  popular  medi- 
cal works,  beeame  an  M.D.  at  Edinburgh  in 
1R15.  He  was  President  of  the  Royal  Medical 
Chirurgical  ^^ociety  of  London ;  consulting  phy- 
sician of  the  South  London  Dispensary ;  was  for- 
merly house  surgeon  to  the  Lock  Hospital,  and 
physician  to  the  infirmary  for  children,  and  to 
the  public  dispensary,  Carey-street. 

At  Crowcombe-cottage,  near  Taunton,  aged 
60,  John  Francis  Carew,  esq.,  a  magistrate  for 
Somerset. 

At  Hyires,  in  the  south  of  France,  of  pulmonary 
consumption,  aged  23,  Joseph  Mullings,  esq.,  of 
Eastcourt-house,  Wilts,  and  of  Exeter  College, 
Oxford,  eldest  son  of  the  late  J.  R.  Mullingfs, 
esq.,  M.P.  for  Cirencester. 

At  his  residence,  Dorset-sq.,  aged  79,  R.  E. 
Bronghton,  esq.,  F.R.8.,  who  held  for  many 
years  the  office  of  one  of  the  metropolitan  magis- 
trates. Mr.  Broughton  was  for  some  years  one 
of  the  magistrates  of  Worship-sU  Police<conrt, 
and  upon  tbe  death  of  Mr.  Rawlinson  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  Marylebone  Court,  where  he  remained 
up  to  about  a  month  ago;  when  he  resigned  his 
office  upon  a  pension. 

At  Cedar-house,  Cobham,  the  residence  of  her 
son-in-law,  John  Miller,  esq.,  aged  91,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  West,  relict  of  J.  West,  esq.,  solicitor. 

At  his  residence,  Montpellier-cres.,  Brighton, 
aged  56,  Richard  Tibbits,  esq.,  late  of  Oundle. 

At  Bath,  suddenly,  aged  45,  Robert  Manners 
Croft,  esq.,  late  of  the  1st  Royal  Dragoons,  and 
eldest  son  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury. 

At  Barnstaple,  of  consumption,  aged  55,  Thoe. 
Berry  Torr,  esq.,  snrgeon,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Torr,  Vicar  of  Westleigh. 

June  30.  At  Kennington,  aged  64,  James  Forbes 
Young,  M.D.,  a  Magistrate  and  Deputy-Lieut,  of 
the  county  of  Surrey. 

At  London,  aged  51,  Lieut.-Col.  S.  H.  Part- 
ridge, of  the  Indian  Army,  second  son  of  the  late 
Arthur  Partridge,  esq.,  of  Epping. 

Aged  75,  John  Davis,  esq.,  of  Fisherton  Dela- 
mere,  Wilts. 

At  Parkstone,  near  Poole,  Dorsetshire,  aged 
25,  Mary  Lantear,  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Russell 
Ooulty,  of  Saffiron  Walden. 

At  Bubwith,  aged  83,  Mary  Ann,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  W.  Schoolcroft,  esq.,  of  Hovingham. 

At  Leamington,  John  Stokes,  esq.,  late  of 
Laughton,  Leicestershire. 


Sarah  Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Scott 
Bonning,  Curate  of  Sculcoates,  Hull,  and  eldest 
dau.  of  Wm.  Simons,  esq.,  of  Ullesthori)e. 

At  Warminster,  aged  22,  John,  only  son  of 
the  late  Jonathan  Phillips,  esq.,  of  Monckton 
Deverill. 

Very  suddenly,  at  Holkham,  aged  one  year, 
John,  son  of  the  Earl  and  Countess  of  Leicester. 

Lately.  John  Swanston,  late  forester  and 
gamekeeper  at  Abbotsford,  an  old  servant  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  John  entered  the  service  of  Sir 
Walter  some  forty-three  years  ago,  became  a 
great  favourite  of  his  employer,  and  was,  at  the 
death  of  the  celebrated  Tom  Purdie,  appointed  to 
the  duties  of  forester  and  gamekeeper.  John  was 
retained  at  Abbotsford  until  about  a  year  ago, 
when  he  retired.  He  was  the  last  survivor  in 
this  district  of  the  respected  servants  to  whom 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  warmly  attached ;  and  his 
portrait  may  be  seen  at  Abbotsford,  in  the  lobby 
between  the  dining-room  and  the  library.  — 
OalashieU  Record. 

At  Paris,  aged  97,  M.  de  la  Berge.  Oalignani 
records  respecting  this  gentleman  that  he  was 
one  of  the  last  links  which  connect  these  modem 
days  with  the  ancient  rigime.  When  a  child« 
seven  years  of  age,  he  was  on  the  SOth  May,  1770, 
taken  by  his  tutor  to  see  the  fireworks  in  the 
Champs-Elys^es,  on  the  occasion  of  the  marriage 
of  the  Dauphin  (afterwards  Louis  XVI.)  and 
Marie  Antoinette.  It  is  known  that  a  sudden 
panic  having  seized  the  crowd,  a  scene  of  fearful 
confusion  ensued,  and  that  thirty  persons  were 
killed.  One  of  them  was  young  De  la  Berge's 
tutor,  who  perished  in  trying  to  save  the  child 
when  knocked  down.  The  boy  was  picked  up  by 
a  workman,  who  placed  him  on  his  shoulders 
and  carried  him  Arom  the  crowd.  The  De  la 
Berge  family  recompensed  the  man,  and  be, 
having  commenced  business  on  his  own  account, 
in  the  end  made  a  large  fortune.  They,  more- 
over, made  a  rule  of  giving  every  year  a  certain 
sum,  in  the  name  of  the  child,  to  the  poor  of 
their  parish,  and  when  M.  de  la  Berge  grew  to 
man's  estate,  he  made  the  donation  himself,  and 
continued  it  religiously  every  SOth  May  until 
his  death. 

At  St.  Servan,  in  France,  Rear-Adm.  Bonvet. 
He  retired  from  the  French  naval  service  in  1815. 

At  Lyons,  M.  Bonnefond,  an  artist  of  some 
note,  and  Director  of  the  School  of  Painting  in 
that  city. 

At  Madrid,  M.  de  Rivera.  He  was  Director  of 
the  Museum  of  Painting,  and  of  the  Upper  School 
of  Sculpture,  Painting,  and  Engraving  in  that 
capital. 

At  Landemean,  Dr.  Lemarohand,  formerly 
surgeon  in  the  French  navy.  His  death  was  oc- 
casioned by  his  having  pricked  himself  with  a 
needle  which  had  been  used  in  an  operation  for 
removing  a  cancerous  tumour. 

At  Combradet,  France,  aged  111  and  6  m<mths, 
Jean  Panis,  agricultural  labourer.  The  Echo  of 
Aveyron  records  of  him  that  he  has  died  from  no 
malady,  and  that  he  retained  to  the  last  all  his 
intellectual  ard  much  of  his  phynicial  power. 

Near  Rouen,  aged  71,  M.  Charles  Gruel  d*  In- 


216 


Obituary. 


[Aug, 


dreville,  of  Nesle,  Normandy.  The  deceased,  who 
was  the  tallest  man  in  France,  had  founded, 
and  for  many  years  carried  on,  some  very  exten- 
sive glassworks  at  that  place.  His  stature  was 
nearly  7  feet  6  inches  (English),  and  his  body  was 
stout  in  proportion.  In  early  life  he  entered  the 
Imperial  army  as  a  private  soldier,  but  soon 
gained  the  rank  of  sub-Ueutenant.  He  was  pre- 
sent  at  the  battles  of  Wagram  and  Moscow.  At 
one  time  he  was  prisoner  of  war,  and  having 
fallen  ill,  was  sent  to  the  hospital  of  Kconigsberg. 
This  hospital  was  sacked  by  the  Russians,  and 
M.  Gruel  was  thrown  out  into  the  street,  and  he 
passed  a  whole  night  in  the  snow  with  scarcely 
any  covering.  He,  however,  recovered,  and  re- 
turned to  France.  His  glassworks  were  of  such 
importance  that  King  Louis  Philippe  several 
times  visited  them.  M.  Gruel  d'Indreville  was 
a  member  of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  and  had 
filled  several  local  offices.—  Oalignani. 

At  his  residence,  the  Grove,  Haverfordwest,  of 
disease  of  the  heart,  aged  66,  Rear-Adm.  George 
Lloyd. 

Aged  88,  J.  Birks,  esq.,  of  Hemingfield,  known 
in  bis  district  as  the  **  Honest  Lawyer,"  a  name 
acquired,  it  is  said,  through  an  act  of  uprightness 
and  generosity  not  often  equalled.  A  client  dis- 
inherited his  daughter,  and  left  the  whole  of  his 
large  fortune  to  Mr.  Birks  and  another  gentle- 
man, when  Mr.  Birks  at  ouce  made  over  his  share 
to  the  lady. 

At  Attleburgh,  aged.  89,  John  Riches,  an  out- 
pensioner  of  Chelsea  Hospital,  late  a  private 
soldier  of  "The  Duke's  Own  Regiment,"  the  33rd 
Foot.  Riches  was  present  at  the  storming  and 
capture  of  Seringapatam,  and  also  at  the  battles 
of  Ligny,  Quatre  Bras,  and  Waterloo. 

Mr.  Joseph  Mayer,  of  Hanley,  Staffordshire. 
His  nearest  relatives  are  cousins,  and  out  of  his 
large  fortune,  estimated  at  £200,000,  he  has  left 
handsome  legacies  to  several  public  institutions, 
viz.,  to  the  British  and  Foreigrn  Bible  Society, 
£5,000;  to  the  London  Missionary  and  Church 
Missionary  Societies,  £2,500  each ;  to  Gray's  Inn- 
lane  Free  Hospit4il.  £1,000  ;  to  the  Brompton 
Hospital  for  the  Cure  of  Consumption,  £500;  and 
to  the  North  Staffordshire  Infirmary,  £1,000. 

July  1.  At  Bridport,  Dorsetshire,  Stephen 
Whetham,  esq.,  J. P.,  formerly  senior  partner  of 
the  firm  of  S.  Whetham  and  Sons,  Bridport  and 
London. 

In  Guernsey,  aged  95,  Frances  Jane,  widow  of 
P.  Martin  Carey,  esq.,  and  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
James  Stafford,  of  Pcnkridge,  Staffordshire. 

At  Little  Gonerby,  aged  74,  Charlotte,  widow 
of  Jonas  Kcwney,  esq.,  banker. 

At  Cardiff,  Glamorganshire,  aged  29,  Mary 
Ann,  wife  of  Charles  Harrison  Page,  esq.,  and 
dau.  of  Edward  Bilton,  CHq.,  of  Newcastle. 

At  Normanton-terrace,  Derby,  of  pulmonary 
consumption,  aged  30,  Sarah,  wife  of  Dr.  Spencer 
T.  Hall. 

At  Jordan-bank,  Edinburgh,  Jnne  Eleanor, 
third  dau.  of  G.  L.  Cox,  esq.,  of  Springbank, 
Liverpool,  and  wife  of  W.  B.  HcKlgson,  LL.D. 

At  Trcvol,  Ann  Florence,  irife  of  Erasmus 
Coryton  Roberts,  esq. 


At  her  residence.  Rocky-bill,  Maidstone,  aged 
86,  Lydia,  widow  of  the  late  Edward  Chamber* 
lajme,  esq. 

At  Souihsea,  of  disease  of  the  heart,  aged  51, 
Thomas  Eastman,  esq.,  R.N. 

At  Dresden,  Sir  George  Bowyer,  of  Denham- 
court,  Bucks.  He  succeeded  on  the  death  of  his 
father.  Admiral  Sir  George  Bowyer,  to  two  tiile% 
—one  conferred  on  Sir  William  Bowyer,  of  Den- 
ham-court,  Bucks,  in  )1660,  for  services  during 
the  civil  war  and  at  the  Restoration ;  and  the 
other  granted  to  Admiral  Bowyer,  after  Lord 
Howe's  victory  on  the  1st  of  June,  1794,  in  which 
engagement  he  was  severely  wounded.  The  do- 
ceased  baronet,  who  was  bom  in  1783,  and  in 
1808  married  Anne,  dau.  of  Sir  A.  S.  Douglas, 
R.N.,  (she  died  1844,)  formerly  represented  the 
boroughs  of  Malmesbury  and  Abingdon,  and  was 
a  friend  and  supporter  of  Pitt  and  Canning.  He 
leaves  three  sons  and  two  daughters.  He  is  suc- 
ceeded in  his  titles  and  estates  by  his  eldest  son, 
the  member  for  Dundalk,  of  Radley-park,  Berks. 

At  Southfield,  near  StirUng,  Capt.  J.  N.  For- 
rester, of  Craigannet.  He  was  lineally  descended 
from  John  Baron  Napier,  the  inventor  of  loga- 
rithms ;  through  which  line  he  inherited  the  pro- 
perty of  Craigannet,  originally  left  by  Baron 
Napier  to  his  fourth  son.  His  mother  was  a  Miss 
Hamilton  of  Do  wan.  He  left  his  native  country 
in  1804  to^nter  the  Company's  service  in  India, 
after  having  passed  through  the  educational  cur- 
riculum at  Woolwich  Academy.  He  joined  the 
Bengal  Artillery,  2nd  Battalion,  with  which  be 
served  for  fourteen  years.  The  deceased  officiated 
as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Stir- 
ling for  nearly  forty  years,  and  the  manner  in 
which  he  conducted  the  proceedings  in  that 
Court  was  characterised  by  sound  judgment  and 
by  tact  and  facility  in  reconciling  parties  who 
were  brought  before  him. 

July  2.  At  bis  residence,  Streatham-hill, 
Surrey,  aged  82,  Charles  Few,  esq. 

At  Hanover,  aged  46,  George  Hausmann,  the 
well-known  violoncellist. 

July  3.  At  Sherborne,  aged  83,  Maria,  fifth 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  F.  C.  Parsons,  Vicar  of 
Yeovil. 

At  Hastings,  aged  70,  Jonathan  Barrett,  esq., 
of  Croydon. 

At  the  Pigeon-house  Fort  Barracks,  near  Dub- 
lin, Lieut. -Col.  Collingwood  Fen  wick,  of  the 
76th  Regt.,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Christopher 
Fenwick,  esq.,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

At  the  residence  of  her  father.  Sir  Joshoa 
Walmsley,  Wolverton-pk.,  Hants,  aged  43,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  Charles  Binns,  esq.,  of  Claycross, 
Derbyshire. 

At  Bilston,  Staffordshire,  aged  78,  William 
Taylor,  esq.,  formerly  M.P.  for  Barnstaple,  lately 
residing  at  Titley-cottage,  Herefordshire. 

At  Florence-pl.,  Falmouth,  aged  81,  Robert 
Condtantine  Pender,  esq. 

July  4.  In  Albert-sq.,  Clapham-road,  Edward 
Russell,  esq.,  late  Assistant  Inspector-General  of 
Inland  Revenue. 

At  St.  Jean  d' Acre-terrace,  Stoke,  suddenly, 
aged  35,  the  wife  of  James  G.  Dymond,  esq. 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


217 


At  AlwjTic-road,  Islington,  John  Carthcw, 
esq.,  of  Liskeard. 

July  5.  At  her  residence,  St.  John's-court, 
Chester,  aged  83,  Dorothy,  widow  of  the  Ven. 
Archdeacon  Wrangham.  She  was  dan.  of  the 
Rev.  Digby  Cayley,  Rector  of  Thormanby,  and 
niece  and  co-heiress  of  the  Rev.  John  Robinson, 
of  Welbum  and  Thornton  Risbrcugh. 

At  Shecmess,  aged  51,  Capt.  Rundle  Surges 
Watson,  R.N.,  C.B.,  and  Naval  Aide-de-Camp  to 
the  Queen,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Joshua 
R.  Watson,  R.N. 

Aged  38,  Peter  Pett  Rolt,  esq.,  eldest  son  of 
Peter  Rolt,  esq.,  of  Cork-st.,  Burlington-gardens. 

At  Keymer,  Sussex,  Annie  Sophia,  wife  of 
William  Henry  Herrich,  esq.,  late  Capt.  61st 
Light  Infantry,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Arch- 
deacon Corcor,  of  Cor  Castle,  co.  Cork. 

At  Bath,  of  bronchitis,  Mrs.  Southcomb,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Southcomb,  of  Minehead,  Somerset. 

At  Queen's-road,  Peckham,  aged  72,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Edward  Kingsley,  late  of  the  58th  Regt. 

At  Bclmont-lodge,  Guernsey,  aged  72,  Lieut.* 
Gen.  Sir  George  J.  Harding,  K.C.B.,  late  Go- 
vernor of  the  Island.  The  deceased  saw  much 
service  on  the  Continent  from  1812  to  1818,  at 
first  in  Sicily  and  the  east  coast  of  Spain,  and 
afterwards  with  the  Prussian  army. 

July  6.  At  Clifton,  aged  29,  Mariana  Frances, 
wife  of  Capt.  Le  Gallais,  of  H.M.'s  In^Uan  Army, 
and  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  Brouncker,  esq.,  of 
Boveridge,  Dorset. 

At  his  residence,  Northgate,  Warwick,  aged 
42,  Thomas  Nicks,  esq.,  solicitor.  Mr.  Nicks  was 
admitted  an  attorney  and  solicitor  in  1845.  In 
addition  to  being  Registrar  of  the  County  Court, 
he  held  several  public  and  private  appointments 
much  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  clients. 

At  the  Grove,  Ventnor,  Isle  of  Wight,  after  a 
few  hours*  illness,  Elizabeth  Woolhouse,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Charles  Levingston,  Rector  of  St.  Law- 
rence. 

At  the  Oaks,  Leamington,  aged  45,  Colonel 
Walter  Unett,  late  of  the  3d  Light  Dragoons. 
The  deceased,  who  was  the  brother  of  Col.  Thos. 
Unett,  who  fell  while  leading  the  storming  party 
at  the  Redan  of  Sebastopol,  had  seen  good  service 
in  India.  He  received  a  medal  after  the  Affghan- 
istan,  and  a  medal  and  two  clasps  after  the  Pun- 
jaub,  campaign.  He  had  also  a  "  distinguished 
service"  pension  granted  to  him,  and  was  ap- 
pointed to  carry  a  banner  at  the  funeral  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington. 

After  a  few  days'  illness,  aged  69,  Lieut.  Ed- 
ward Wilde,  R.N.,  Adjutant  of  the  Royal  Hos- 
pital, Greenwich. 

At  the  Esplanade,  Plymouth,  Anne  Laetitia, 
eldest  and  last  surviving  child  of  the  late  Rev. 
Sir  Harry  .Trelawny,  bart.,  of  Trelawny,  Corn- 
wall. 

At  Bradston  Brook-house,  near  Guildford, 
Surrey,  aged  79,  George  John  Gibson,  esq.,  of 
Sandgate-lodge,  Steyning,  Sussex. 

At  Silverton,  aged  73,  Mary,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Joseph  Philip  Spry,  esq.,  of  that  place. 

At  Weston  Cliff,  Derbyshire,  aged  96,  Mrs. 
Mary  Plant, 


July  7.  At  the  residence  of  Miss  Tait,  Jennyn- 
st.,  St.  James's,  agedCl,  Lady  Qcedes  Mackensde, 
of  Avoch,  N.B. 

At  Ashwell,  Herts,  Henry  William  Morice, 
esq.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Morice,  Vicar  of 
Ashwell,  and  Canon  of  Lincoln. 

At  his  residence,  Portland-pl.,  aged  69,  Major 
John  Arthur  Moore. 

At  Hull,  aged  94,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Captain 
John  Dewear. 

At  Dartmouth,  aged  41,  ArUiur  G.  Thomas, 
esq.,  R.N. 

At  his  residence.  Friar-gate,  Derby,  William 
Watson,  esq.,  formerly  of  Daybrook,  near  Not- 
tingham. 

July  8.  In  Cavendish-square,  Cecil  Frances, 
Countess  of  Wicklow.  The  late  Countess  was 
the  only  dau.  of  the  late  Marquis  of  Abercom, 
grandfather  of  the  present  Marquis,  by  his  se- 
cond nxarriage  with  Lady  Cecil,  eighth  dau-  of 
the  late  Hon.  and  Rev.  George  Hamilton,  of 
Abercom,  which  marriage  was  dissolved  by  act 
of  Parliament,  in  April,  1799.  The  deceased 
Countess,  who  was  bom  July  19,  1795,  married 
Feb.  16, 1816,  the  Earl  of  Wicklow,  by  whom  her 
ladyship  had  a  family  of  six  daughters,  three  of 
whom  are  living,  namely.  Lady  Frances,  married 
to  Col.  the  Hon.  Colin  Lindsay ;  Lady  Anne  Jane, 
widow  of  Lord  Milford;  and  Lady  Katherine, 
married  to  the  Hon.  Arthur  Petre. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  25,  Emma  Minna,  the  third 
dau.  of  Major  F.  R.  Moore,  late  H.E.I.C.S. 

At  Wistow  Rectory,  Hunts,  aged  49,  Ellen, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  Woodruff. 

In  Plowdon-buildings,  Temple,  John  Jervis, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir  John  Jervis,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas. 

At  the  residence  of  his;  son,  (Donglas,  Isle  of 
Man,  where  he  was  on  a  visit  for  the  benefit  of 
his  health,)  the  Rev  Enoch  Darke,  United  Metho- 
dist Free  Church  minister,  Sunderland. 

At  Doncaster,  aged  52,  Miss  Wyatt,  a  lady  of 
independent  means.  She  had  been  writing  a 
letter,  and  for  the  purpose  of  sealing  the  en- 
velope, had  a  lighted  taper  placed  upon  the  table. 
Her  sister  accidentally  knocked  the  taper  off  the 
table,  and  it  fell  upon  the  muslin  dress  of  the 
deceased,  when  both  of  them  lost  their  presence 
of  mind,  and  ran  out  of  the  room  crying  for  help. 
A  man  who  was  passing  at  the  time,  and  other 
persons  at  once  rendered  assistance,  but  the  lady 
received  such  injuries  as  caused  her  death.  She 
had  on  a  steel  crinoline,  which  in  a  great  mea- 
sure hindered  the  putting  out  of  the  flames. 

July  9.  In  London,  Louisa,  the  Dowager  Lady 
St.  John,  of  Bletsoe,  and  relict  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Mr.  Justice  Vaughan. 

At  Manor-villas,  South  Hackney,  aged  02, 
Jane,  wife  of  W.  £.  Flaherty,  Esq. 

At  Langley-park,  Derby,  aged  13,  Eleanor 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  May- 
nell,  Esq. 

July  10.  At  Ladbroke-sq.,  Notting-bill,  aged 
76,  Major-Gen.  Wavell,  K.F.,  K.C.S.,  F.R.S. 

In  London,  Major-Gen.  G.  C.  Mundy,  Lieut.- 
Oovemor  of  Jersey,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Gen. 
and  the  Hon.  Sarah  Mondy. 


218 


Obituary. 


[Aug. 


At  the  Rectory,  Earnley,  aged  19,  Seth, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  George  Cornwall. 

At  St.  Hildu's-terracc,  Whitby,  aged  93,  Wm. 
Usherwood,  Esq. 

July  11.  At  Sandy  Rectory,  Bedfordshire, 
aged  32,  Ellen,  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Richard- 
son. 

At  Sun  Roque,  Torquay,  aged  57,  Elisabeth, 
wife  of  James  Hodgen,  Esq. 

July  12.  At  Richmond,  aged  86,  Mrs.  Ann 
Thompson,  mother  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Thompson, 
chaplain  of  York  Castle. 

A^gcd  27,  Robert  Greville,  fourth  son  of  the 
Rev.  Ucnry  R.  Crewe,  Rector  of  Breadsall. 

At  Exeter,  of  consumption,  aged  8,  George 
"Willford,  only  son  of  Capt  T.  8.  Warden,  of 
H.M.'s  4th  Bombay  Rifles,  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Colonel  Mignon,  of  the  Bombay  Fusiliers. 

Aged  G9,  George  Soane,  A.B.,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Sir  John  Soane,  knt. 

July  13.  At  Monkstown,  Sydney,  the  relict  of 
the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Arthur  Vesey. 

At  Ilford,  Essex,  aged  26,  Jane,  wife  of  Dr.  F. 
Bo  wen,  late  surgeon  to  the  Royal  Hibernian 
Military  School,  Dublin. 

Suddenly,  at  the  house  of  her  relative,  (Mrs. 
Rebecca  Pine,)  Eurl-street,  Maidstone,  aged  63, 
Hannah,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Jaa.  Skinner, 
of  Cranbrook. 

At  Liskeard,  aged  82,  Richard  Hingston,  esq., 
sen.,  surgeon. 

At  Margate,  aged  26,  Louisa  King  Wells,  niece 
of  the  late  James  Edw.  Wright,  esq.,  solicitor. 

Aged  35,  Christopher  Edward  Jf^ifferson,  esq., 
of  Bcxhill,  Sussex. 

At  Donaghadu,  co.  Down,  Florence  Charlotte 
Hester,  el  test  dau.  of  the  late  Nathaniel  Alexan- 
der, enq.,  of  Portelenone,  co.  Antrim,  and  formerly 
M.P.  for  that  county. 

In  Upper  Uarley-st.,  aged  86,  Sir  Wm.  Home, 
who  was  Solicitor-Gen.  from  1830  to  1832,  and 
Attorney-Gen.  from  1832  to  1834.  He  resigned 
the  last-named  of&ce  on  being  offered  the  place 
of  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  but  almost  immcdi- 
diately  afterwards  declined  to  accept  tbe  ap- 
pointment. He  was  one  of  the  first  members  for 
Mar)  lebone. 

July  14.  At  Redcar,  aged  77,  Anne  Margaret, 
wife  of  Charles  Oxley.  esq.,  of  Hipon  and  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  Robert  Darley  Waddi- 
love.  Dean  of  Uipon. 

At  Norton,  near  Malton,  aged  50,  Geo.  BartUff, 
esq.,  surgeon. 


July  15.  At  Parkfleld-house,  Marldon,  aged 
76,  Francis  Oarratt,  esq. 

At  the  Little  Priory,  Totnes,  Anne,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Bramhall  Dyson,  esq.,  Bokeby,  York- 
shire. 

In  Tavistock-sq.,  Elisabeth,  wife  of  J.  J.  Mil- 
ford,  esq.,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Edw.  Budd,  esq. 

At  London,  aged  44,  William  Sowton,  esq., 
barrister,  eldest  son  of  W.  Sowton,  esq.,  solicitor, 
Chichester. 

In  Portland-pl.,  Georgiana,  fifth  dan.  of  the 
Hon.  Sir  Thomas  J.  Piatt. 

July  16.  In  Westboume-terr.,  Hyde-park, 
aged  76,  John  Cotton,  esq.,  late  Director  of  the 
East  India  Company. 

July  17.  At  his  seat,  Ombersley-eourt,  Worces- 
tershire, aged  68,  Lieut.-Gen.  the  Lord  Sandys, 
Colonel  of  the  Royal  Scots  Greys. 

At  Exeter,  the  residence  of  her  father.  Dr. 
Land,  Margaretta  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  T.  Collyna 
Land,  of  Rosamondford-house,  Aylesbeare. 

At  Devonport,  aged  68,  Ann,  widow  of  Lieut. 
Came,  K.N. 

In  Dorset-sq.,  Capt.  Harry  Eyres,  C.B.,  of 
Knockwood-park,  Tenterden,  Kent. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother,  Bramley  Sur- 
rey, aged  28,  Heury,  youngest  son  of  Ambrose 
Weston,  cq.,  of  Lincoln*s-inn,  barris'er-at-law, 
and  formerly  of  Hamilton-tcr.,  St.  John's-wood. 

July  18.  Aged  42,  Jane  Mary,  wife  of  Kenelm 
Henry  Digby,  esq., 

At  Paris,  aged  47,  Wihnot  Seton,  esq.,  of  the 
Treasury,  and  Somers-place.  Hyde-park. 

At  Middleham,  aged  76,  Harriet,  relict  of  Wm. 
Sadleir  Bruere,  esq. 

Aged  72,  Jno.  Sumpner,e8q.,of  Park-st.,York. 

July  19.  In  King-st.,  St.  James's,  aged  5S, 
the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Elphinstone,  G.C.B.  and 
O.C.H. 

At  Mayfield,  Sussex,  aged  70,  Robt.  Fry,  esq., 
formerly  of  Hodges,  in  that  parish. 

July  20.  At  her  residence,  St.  David's-hill, 
Exeter,  aged  76,  Miss  Martha  Somers  Oard. 

July  21.  At  the  Victoria-hotel,  Euston-eq., 
aged  45,  Capt.  Frederick  Holland,  R.N.,  of  Ash- 
boume-hall,  Derbyshire. 

Aged  67,  James  Barton,  esq.,  late  of  the 
Treasury,  Bank  of  England,  and  Greenwich. 

July  23.  In  Orosvenor-pL,  aged  56,  Lady 
Mary  Pelham. 

At  LimpHfield,  Surrey,  aged  95,  Richard  Lane, 
esq.,  late  of  Brighton. 


13 


I860.] 


219 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  AND  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 

(JFVom  the  Eetums  issued  hy  the  Registrar' Oeneral,) 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


SXTPEEnrrElTDKNT 
BBGISTBABS' 

Area 
in 

Statute 
Acres 

Popula- 
tion 
in 
1851 

Deaths  in  Districts,  &c.,  in  the  Week 
ending  Saturday, 

DISTSICTS. 

June 

23. 

1860. 

June 

30. 

1860. 

July 

7. 
1860. 

July 

14, 

1860. 

Mean  Temperature 

56-6 

o 

571 
1001 

58-6 

67-4 

London  

78029 

2362236 

965 

919 

1016 

1-6.  West  Districts    . 

7-11.  North  Districts  . 

12-19.  Central  Districts 

20-25.  East  Districts     . 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

10786 

13533 

1938 

6230 

45542 

376427 
490396 
393256 
485522 
616635 

160 
199 
142 
210 
254 

169 
186 
141 
210 
295 

165 
190 
131 
201 
232 

158 
243 
124 
202 
288 

Deaths  Registered 

• 

Births  Registered. 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 
20  years 
of  Age. 

20  and 
under  40. 

40  and 
under  60. 

60  and 
under  80. 

• 

_   a 

|| 

22 
41 
33 
27 

1 

1 

• 

1 

June      23    . 

30    . 

July        7    . 

,,        14     . 

448 
473 
435 
512 

146 
147 
157 
174 

176 
165 
146 
148 

165 
172 
144 
154 

965 
1001 

919 
1015 

837 
859 
879 
936 

851 
872 
788 
819 

1688 
1731 
1667 
1754 

PRICE  OP  CORN. 


Average  ^    Wheat, 
of  Six     >    *.    d. 
Weeks.  J    66    7 


Barley. 
a.    d, 
34    2 


Oats. 
s,  d, 
26    7 


Rye. 
s,  d, 
89    8 


Beans. 
s,    d. 
46    4 


Peas. 

s.    d. 
41    6 


Week  endingl   57    7     i    33     5 
July  14.    / 


I    26    8      I    41    3      I    46    6      |    43    7 


PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Jitlt  19. 
Hay,  2L  16*.  to  5Z.  6*.  —  Straw,  IL  16*.  to  21.  2s,  —  Clover,  3L  16*.  to  SL  6*. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-MARKET. 
To  sink  the  Ofial — per  stone  of  Slhs. 


Beef 4*.    Sd.toSs.    Sd. 

Mutton 4*.  lOd.  to  5*.  lOd. 

Veal 4*.    8<i.  to6*.    6d. 

Pork 4*.    6rf.  to5*.    Od, 

Lamh 5*.    6(2.  to  6*.    Sd, 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  July  19. 

Beasts 889 

Sheep  and  Lamhs  12,100 

Calves 681 

Pigs 100 


COAL-MARKET,  July  23. 
Best  Wallsend,  per  ton,  16*.  6d,  to  19*.  Od,    Other  sorts,  13*.  6d,  to  16*.  3<f. 


HETEOROLOQICAL  DIART,  ST  H.  GOULD,  late  W.  CART,  181,  StBUD. 

JVom  Jhm  24  to  Jufy  23,  iaciwiw. 

UBrom 

ThermOT 

rtpr 

BaroiQ 

II 

i 

!i 

Weather. 

If 

1 

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14 

Weather. 

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0 

0 

in. 

yits. 

July 

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pte. 

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an. 

cldj.fair.cWj. 

fifi 

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70 

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DAILY  PEICE  OF  STOCKS. 


JUD. 

July 

coS». 

rT 

£ 

stock. 

£1,1100.' 

r^. 

Bor-d". 
£1,000. 

Indlo 

25 
26 

27 
28 
20 
80 
J.  2 
8 
4 
G 
6 
7 
9 
10 
11 

Shut. 

92i  31 

921  3 

92[  3 

92i  3 

93 

93 

931 

931 

931 

931 

fA 

931 

931 

93 

93 

93 

93 

93 

93 

93 

93 

93      1 

93 

92!  3 
93 

¥ 

931 
931 

SI 

931 
93} 
S3| 
931 
931 
93 
931 
931 
93i 
931 
93) 
93  ( 
931 
931 
931 
931 

par.ipm. 
2dis.2'pni. 

Shut. 

Bdis, 

Shut. 

229 

229 

229  301 

7dU. 

par. 
par.  3  pn.. 

4pin. 
par.  8  pm. 
par.  2  pm. 
par.  3  pm. 

C. 

par.  3  pm. 

12.7  di>. 
10. 7  dl». 

2291  30 

7  die. 
9.  4  dia, 

2301 

93 

as 

93 

93 

93i 
98) 
931 
931 

93» 
S3i 
931 

as 

93 
03 

10*1    t 
lOH    4 

104        i 
1041     I 
10*1     1 
10*1      ( 

10*1    4 

10*1      1 
10*1      t 
1041      t 
1041      1 
1041      1 
1041      1 

230 

218  20 
219 

219  201 
219  21 
219J  21 

229 
229 
229 

3dia. 
7di^ 

2di^lpm. 
2  di.,  par. 

1  dii. 
par.2pn.. 

par.  8  pm. 

18 
14 
16 

Sdij.. 

231 

229  sot 
229  304 

2281  230 

7.  3  dia. 

5.  3  dU. 
6di<. 

6.  6  di». 
6dii. 
7di». 

7.  3  di«. 

18 

2171219 

1.    2  pm. 

20 

21 
23 

218  220 
218  19 

ai9 

1.   4pin. 
L  4  pm. 

228)  30 

104i     k 

ALFRED  WHITMOBE, 

Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

19,  Change  Alley,  London,  E.C. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL   EEVIEW. 

SEPTEMBER,  1860. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOB 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.- Congress  of  French  Antiquaries  at  Cherbourg— St.  Mary 

in  the  Caatle,  DoTer—Ronuui  Well  at  York  222 

Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary  223 

Hingeston's  Royal  and  Historical  Letters - 233 

A  VUit  to  Sheppey  237 

Archajology  in  Algeria 245 

Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones   246 

Heraldry  founded  on  Facts  ». 252 


L.  —  \)ciety  of 
tcr,  Tie ;  Kent 


ANTIQUARIAN  AND  LITERARY  INTELLIGENCER.  — I  xjiety  of  Antiquaries,  258; 
Congress  of  the  Archseological  Institute  at  Gloucester,  tLb  ;  Kent  ArchSBologlcal  So* 
ciety,  289 ;  Lincoln  Diocesan  Architectural  Society,  289;  Society  of  Antiquaries,  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, 291 ;  Surtecs  Society 292 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANDS  XJRBAN.  — A  Westminster  Fabric  Roll  of  1258, 

p.  293 ;  Thomas  Becket  or  Thomas  of  London!  300;  Notes  on  Coronations  805 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Bhall  the  New  Foreign  Office  be 
Gothic  or  Classic  T  306 ;  Photographic  Illustrations  of  Worksop,  Steetley,  and  Boche 
Abbey,  308;  Brazil:  its  History,  People,  &c 810 

BIRTHS  812 

MARRIAGES ^ 814 

OBITUARY— H.I.H.  the  <  Tand  Duchess  Anne  of  Russia^Thomas  Poyser,  Esq.,  819; 

James  Forbes  Young,  Esq.— David  Irving,  LL.D < 820 

CLERGY  DECEASED    ^       821 

DEATHS  ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER    822 

Registrar-General's  Return  of  Mortality  and  Births  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  881 ; 

Meteoiological  Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  832 


By  STLVANUS  TJEBAN,  Grar, 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


CONGRESS  OP  FRENCH  ANTL 
QUARIES  A^  CHERBOURG. 

This  Congress  will  commence  on  the 
2nd  of  September,  under  the  presidency 
of  M.  de  Caumont,  and  promises  to  be 
one  of  nnnsnal  interest.  The  peninsula 
of  Cotentin  is  full  of  antiquities,  and 
these  will  be  well  explored  by  the  lead- 
ing antiquaries  of  France.  Excursions 
will  be  made  to  Tourlaville,  where  there 
is  a  medisDval  castle,  and  also  Druidical 
stones,  and  to  Biville,  with  its  celebrated 
reliques.  A  small  volume  for  the  use  of 
the  members  and  visitorfl  has  been  issued 
by  M.  de  Caumont. 

ST.  MARY'S  IN  THE  CASTLE, 
DOVER. 

Mb.  Ubbak, — I  have  mentioned  in  my 
*«  South  Coast  of  England,"  pp.  67,  290, 
the  facts  that  the  peal  of  five  bells  for- 
merly in  this  interesting  church  were  re- 
moved by  Sir  George  Rooke,  with  the  per- 
nussion  of  Prince  George  of  Denmark, 
to  St.  Thomas's  Church,  Portsmouth,  and 
that  the  chalice  and  paten  were  merely 
made  a  loan  to  the  parish  of  St.  James's, 
Wardcndown,  until  the  restoration  of  St. 
Mary's  in  the  Castle  (p.  74).  I  think  that 
as  St.  Mary's  is  now,  happily,  in  course  of 
restoration,  and  St.  James's  is  being  re- 
built on  another  site  in  East  Brook -street, 
it  may  be  of  importance  to  verify  those 
statements,  and  g^ve  my  authorities,  and 
I  therefore  beg  permission  to  do  so  in 
your  pages. 

Darell,  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  de- 
Bcribes  the  pharos  as  "turris  quse  mu- 
niUonl  potius  esse,  quam  campanarum 
ctiai  iisOTvire  poesit,  cum  in  eo  erigendo 
Bomanom  in  arcibns  sedificandi  consiietu- 
dinem  Lucius  sit  imitatns." 

«Five  of  these  bells  [at  St.  Thomas's, 
Portsmoath]  were  given  by  Prince  George 
of  Denmark,  who,  at  the  requ€«t  of  Sir 
George  Rook,  had  them  removed  from  an 
old   pharos  within  the  fortifications   of 


Dover  Castle,"  [c.  1703].— ^^e»'*  Por^- 
mouth,  London,  1817,  p.  133.  See  also 
H<>m*8  Dover,  1817,  p.  32. 

"  This  building  [the  pharos]  was  mado 
use  of  as  a  steeple,  aud  had  a  pleasing  ring 
of  bells,  which  Sir  Qeoi^e  Rooke  procured 
to  be  carried  away  to  Portsmouth." — De 
Foe's  Travels,  8th  Edition,  i.  p.  149. 

In  1711,  "  the  humble  petition  of  the 
miiiister  and  churchwardens  of  St.  James, 
Dover,  set  forth  that  the  inhabitants  and 
officers  of  the  Castle  resorted  to  their 
parish  church  since  the  disuse  of  the 
chapel  in  Dover  Castle,  and  prayed  that 
the  use  of  a  gilt  chalice  and  paten,  for- 
merly belonging  to  that  chapel,  might  be 
given  to  them  imtil  divine  service  shall  be 
celebrated  in  the  chapel  of  the  castle." 

"The  Earl  of  Dorset's  order  to  Mr. 
Lamb  upon  ihe  petition  of  the  minister 
and  churchwardens  of  St.  James,  Dover, 
dated  Sept.  6, 1711,  runs  thus : — *  Deliver 
the  chalice  and  paten,  etc.,  and  take  a  re- 
ceipt for  it  in  your  book,  to  be  returned 
when  required,  and  see  the  same  be  en- 
tered in  the  parish  book.'  The  following 
receipt  was  given  to  Mr.  Lamb : — *  Re- 
ceived this  7th  day  of  September,  17II9 
of  Mr.  Lamb,  a  gilt  chalice  and  paten 
within  mentioned  for  the  use  of  the  pa- 
rishioners of  St.  James,  Dover,  which  was 
promised  for  ourselves  and  successon,  to 
deliver  unto  the  Lord  Warden  or  his  suc- 
cessors, when  thereunto  lawfully  required." 
— Batchellei^a  Dover,  1845,  p.  71. 

I  am,  &C., 
Maoilekzib  Waloott,  M.A. 

ROMAN  WELL  AT  YORK. 
Mb.  Ubbav, — On  August  the  2nd  was 
discovered  in  Goodramgate,  near  to  Mdhk 
Bar,  York,  on  the  right  hand  side  of  the 
street,  in  digging  the  foundation  of  a 
home,  a  Roman  well  of  very  good  masonry. 
Tliere  were  found  near  it  several  hanum 

bones. — 1  am,  kc^ 

W.  H.  Clabkb. 

ERRATUM. 

p.  218,  col  1,  1.  40, /or  ''Sir  Wm. 
Home,"  read  "  Sir  Wm.  Home." 


THE 


AND 

HISTORICAL    REVIEW, 


A]^CIEi;rT  AKMOUE  AKD  WEAPONS— SUPPLEMENTARY ». 

OuB  readers  will  doubtless  remember  that  during  the  whole  of  the  year 
1858  and  a  portion  of  1859,  a  part  of  our  space  was  regularly  devoted  to 
the  topic  which  stands  at  the  head  of  this  article.  For  reasons  on  which 
we  need  not  here  entef,  the  mode  of  production  was  changed  when  the 
fourteenth  century  had  been  completed,  but  the  author  has  continued  his 
labours,  and  in  a  Supplement  has  brought  down  his  work  to  the  close 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  a  period  beyond  which  the  term  Ancient 
Weapons  and  Armour  would  appear  quite  inapplicable,  but  which  affords 
many  links  connecting  even  the  volunteer  rifleman  of  the  present  day  with 
his  predecessors,  the  *'  citizens  of  London  practised  in  arms,"  of  the  time  of 
Queen  Elizabetii. 

After  the  ample  specimen  that  we  have  given,  it  must  be  quite  unneces- 
sary for  us  to  enter  into  any  particulars  of  the  scope  and  purpose  of  Mr. 
Hewitt's  work.  We  need  only  say  that  the  Supplementary  volume,  with 
which  alone  we  are  now  concerned,  is  quite  equal  to  the  former  ones  in 
evidence  of  laborious  research  and  in  completeness  and  beauty  of  illustration. 
It  treats  of  the  weapons  and  armour  of  the  fifteenth,  sixteenth,  and  seven- 
teenth centuries,  and  for  each  period  it  has  many  matters  to  interest  the 
general  reader  as  well  as  the  antiquary.  Even  in  the  fifteenth  century  we 
find  something  like  modern  fire-arms  in  use,  a  much  earlier  date  than  that 
usually  assigned,  and  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  we  have  many  close 
approximations  to  the  rifled  guns  and  revolvers,  the  dragoons  and  volunteer 
corps  of  the  present  day.  Now  that  public  attention  is  at  length  directed 
to  the  question  of  national  defence,  such  early  notices  as  these  cannot  fail 
to  be  interesting.     In  cases  like  this,  an  appeal  should  be  made  to  the  eye 


a   (( 


Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons  in  Europe :  from  the  Iron  Period  of  the  Northern 
Nations  to  the  end  of  the  Seventeenth  Centnry :  with  Illustrations  from  Cotemporary 
Monuments.  By  John  Hewitt,  Member  of  the  Arcbffiological  Institute  of  Great 
Britain.  Supplement,  comprising  the  15tb,  16th,  and  17th  Centuries."  (Oxford  and 
London  :  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.) 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  d  d 


224  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary,       [Sept. 

as  well  as  to  the  understanding,  and  therefore  we  borrow  illustrations  of  al 
these  matters  from  our  author,  as  well  as  descriptive  matter  in  a  condensed 
form  ;  our  task  is  only  to  supply  such  a  running  comment  as  appears 
necessary  to  link  our  extracts  together. 

I.  Eably  Hand-guns. 

In  his  second  volume  Mr.  Hewitt  has  shewn  how  *'  villanous  ealtpetre" 
had  begun  to  make  inroads  on  the  established  art  of  war.  At  first  it  was 
only  employed  for  "  great  ordnance,"  but  from  a  document  that  he  prints 
in  that  volume  there  appears  good  reason  for  believing  that  hand-guns  were 
in  use  in  England  at  least  as  early  as  1375.  We  have  abundant  evidence 
of  their  employment  in  the  fifteenth  centuiy,  and  an  example  which  he 
engraves,  though  apparently  cumbrous,  bears  a  considerable  resemblance 
to  a  favourite  weapon  of  the  present  day.  The  passages  we  are  about  to 
quote  are  of  the  date  of  about  1470,  and  they  are  taken  from  the  letter- 
press to  Plate  88  :  — 

"  The  first  hand-gunner  here  fignred  is  from  Bumey  MS.,  No.  169,  fol.  127.  The 
manuscript  is  '  Des  fais  du  grant  Alexandre,  translate  du  latin  en  franoois  par  venerable 
personne  Yasque  de  Luce,  ne  portugalois,  en  Ian  de  grace  mil  quatrecent  soixante  huit,' 
&c.  The  Latin  is  that  of  Quintus  Curtius.  The  transcript  appears  to  have  been  made 
about  1470-74.  The  volume  contains  many  miniatures  interesting  to  the  student  of 
military  antiquities.  Knights  mounted  and  on  foot,  archers,  Greek-fire,  cannon,  hand- 
gunners,  combats  and  jousts  are  among  the  subjects  represented.  The  fig^ure  here  given 
furnishes  an  early  example  of  the  hand-gun,  and  from  the  colouring  of  the  miniature 
we  learn  that  the  material  of  the  arm  was  iron.  The  hand-gun  of  this  time  differed 
in  nothing  but  its  size  from  the  small  cannon  of  the  day :  it  consisted  of  a  metal  tube 
fixed  in  a  straight  stock  of  wood ;  the  vent  was  at  the  top  of  the  barrel ;  there  was  no 
lock  of  any  kind.  The  barrel  was  of  iron  or  brass,  and  these  barrels  were  occasionally 
furnished  with  moveable  chambers.  The  example  found  in  the  old  castle  of  Tannen- 
berg  (noticed  at  p.  299^)  is  of  brass 

**  It  is  not  till  the  second  half  of  the  fifteenth  century  that  any  pictorial  example  of 
the  hand-gun  is  found.  The  miniature  before  us  is  one  of  the  earliest.  The  arm  again 
appears  in  the  second  illustration,  from  Boy.  MS.,  18,  E,  v.,  fol.  34^<*.,  written  in  1473 ; 
in  the  woodcuts  of  Valturius,  De  re  militari,  cap.  x.,  printed  in  1472 ;  and  in  De  Vigne's 
Vade-mecum,  vol.  ii..  Appendix.  All  these  very  closely  resemble  each  other,  both  in 
the  simplicity  of  their  form  and  the  mode  of  discharge.  It  is  not  unprofitable  U>  com- 
pare this  primitive  arm  with  its  modem  successor,  the  telescope  rifle,  sighted  to  kill  at 
900  yards.  In  the  example  from  Roy.  MS.,  18,  £,  v.,  the  barrel  appears  from  its 
colouring  to  be  of  brass." 

Soon  afler  the  date  of  these  illustrations  an  adaptation  of  the  band-gun 
appears,  which  gives  us  the  rude  beginning  of  a  corps  of  dragoons.  In 
Plate  104,  Mr.  Hewitt  represents  the  mounted  harquebusier,  whose  em- 
ployment in  Italy  in  the  time  of  Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples  is  noted  by 
Paolo  Giovio : — 

^  "  In  the  excavations  of  the  Castle  of  Tannenberg,  dismantled  in  1399,  there  was 
found  a  hand-gun  of  brass,  with  part  of  the  wooden  stock  remaining,  and  the  iron 
rammer  belonging  to  it.  The  whole  of  these  curious  reUcs  are  engraved  in  Dr.  Hef- 
ner's volume,  Die  Burg  Tannenberg  und  ihre  Ausgrahungen,** , 


I860.]       Ancient  Armour  and  Weapon* — SuppleTnentary. 


226 


Andeni  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary.      [Sept. 


"The  fashion  soon  Bpmd :  in  IJilO,  the  Swiss  nctiog  in  lUljbad  fivehnndred  bi^se- 
men,  of  which  half  carried  Sre-amu.  (S«e  OnicciBtdini,  lib.  ii.)  It  was  not,  however, 
till  the  second  half  of  the  siiteentb  century  that  baud  fire-Brms  made  any  serious  pro- 
gress as  an  armameut  far  the  field  of  battle. 


"  The  miniatnre  i»  from  a  mannacript  in  the  Bihliothiqat  lU  Bourgog»e  (at  Brosaels), 
engraved  in  De  Vigne's  Vade-meeutn  da  peintrt,  vol.  ii.,  Appendix,  Anaet  A  feu.  6a 
oompaiinfi:  tlie  weapon  witli  that  figured  on  our  plate  88,  and  with  tlic  earlier  eiunple 
in  Hefner'a  Tannenbcrg  volume,  it  will  bo  seen  that  tbe  form  is  in  all  nearly  identic&I 
This  differs  chiefly  in  being  piovlded  with  a  ring  for  suspension.  I'hc  licst  also  has  a 
ring,  and  it  is  clear  that  when  the  fire  has  been  given,  tbe  '  gannc'  would  bo  let  fall 
with  its  muzzle  downwards  at  the  nde  or  back  of  the  soldier,  while  the  rest  would  at 
tbe  same  time  fall  upon  tho  horse's  slioDlder  in  front  of  the  saddle.  In  hii  hand  the 
horseman  holds  the  lighted  match-cord  for  exploding  his  piece.  Tbe  gonne,  it  will  be 
obserred,  is  still  without  lock." 

The  cumbrous  hand-gun  just  represented  was  in  great  measure  super- 
aeded,  as  far  aa  horsemen  were  concerned,  by  tbe  wheel-lock  pistol,  an  in- 
ventioa  of  the  Nurembergers,  which  became  the  characterietic  weapoa  of 
the  German  Belters,  id  the  second  quarter  of  the  aixteenth  century.     It 


was  sometimes  double-barreled  j  No,  J]  of  the  Tower  collection  is  a  good 
example,  the  barrels  being  placed  vertically.     Towards  the  close  of  the 


I860.]      Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary.  227 

century  the  flint  lock  (Schnapphahn)  begins  to  appear.  The  earliest  notice 
of  this  invention  observed  by  Mr.  Hewitt  is  that  printed  in  the  first  volume 
of  the  "  Norfolk  Archaeology "  (p.  16),  the  record  of  a  payment  by  the 
Chamberlain  of  Norwich  in  1588  *'  to  Henry  Radoe,  smyth,  for  making  one 
of  the  old  pistolls  with  a  snapphance  and  a  new  stock  for  it."  The  wei^on 
is  here  shewn  (p.  226)  in  its  early  form,  from  an  example  in  the  Tower. 
It  is  of  German  manufacture  and  has  the  Nuremberg  stamp  on  the  barrel. 
It  will  be  observed  that  the  steel  does  not  cover  the  pan,  but  with  its 
furrowed  face  stands  ready  to  throw  down  its  shower  of  sparks  into  the 
open  pan,  when  struck  by  the  flint. 

II.   DiSUSK  OF  THE  PiKE  :    REVOLVERS  AND  BbEECH-LOADINO  AbmS. 

The  arquebus,  throughout  the  sixteenth  century,'  continued  to  gain 
ground  on  all  other  weapons,  and  came  g^dually  almost  to  supersede  the 
pike,  tb  the  extreme  displeasure  of  "  ancient  captains,"  one  of  whom,  Sir 
William  Waad,  the  well-known  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  manfully  stands 
up  for  the  pike,  yet  shews  a  due  appreciation  of  what  may  be  done  by 
**  the  shot,"  if  properly  handled : — 

**  Now,  to  say  somewhat  by  the  way  touching  your  armed  Hkers ;  the  only  body, 
strength,  and  bulwark  in  the  field ;  it  is  not  a  little  to  be  lamented  to  see  them  so 
generally  decayed  in  this  land,  giving  oorselves  so  much  to  that  French  order  of  shot, 
whereby  we  have  so  wonderfiilly  weakened  ourselves,  as  it  b  high  time  to  look  to  the 
restoring  of  them  again.  And  yet,  touching  the  use  of  shot,  as  it  is  a  singnlar  weapon, 
being  put  into  the  hands  of  the  skilful  and  exercised  soldier  (being  the  jnllars  and 
upholders  of  the  pikes,  and  without  which  there  is  no  perfect  body),  so  no  doubt,  on 
the  contrary  part,  committed  to  a  coward,  or  an  unskilful  man's  handling,  it  is  the 
previest  thief  in  the  field ;  for  he  robbeth  pay,  oonsumeth  victuals,  and  slayeth  his  own 
fellows  in  discharging  behind  their  hacks.  And  one  thing  even  is  as  ill  as  this,  he  con- 
ianually  wasteth  powder,  the  most  precious  jewel  of  a  prince.  Whereof  I  would  wish 
captuns  not  only  to  reject  such  as  are  altogether  unapt,  but  also  greatly  to  commend 
of  them  that  discharge  but  few  shot,  and  bestow  them  well ;  for  it  is  more  worthy  of 
praise  to  ^scharge  fair  and  leisurely,  than  fast  and  unadvisedly,  the  one  taking  ad* 
vantage  by  wariness  and  foresight,  whereas  the  other  loseth  all  with  rashness  and 
hastV 

The  pike  was,  however,  gradually  abandoned,  though  attempts  were 
made  to  place  it  on  an  equality  with  the  rival  weapon,  sometimes  by  pro- 
posing to  add  a  bow  to  the  pikeman's  equipment^  for  ''questionless,'' 
observes  Ward,  in  his  "Animadversions  of  Warre"  (1639),  "in  the  time 
of  stormie  wet  weather,  these  Bowes  would  doe  great  service,  when  the 
Musquet  cannot  be  discharged  for  wet." 

Another  combination  with  the  pike  recommended  at  this  time  was  the 
"  revolver."  This  is  very  clearly  described  by  Ward ;  it  is  to  be  a  pike 
with  three  petronel  barrels  and  one  lock,  *'  the  touch-holes  of  these  Barrels 

«  <<  Written  in  1596.  It  is  contained  in  a  tract  among  the  Birch  MSS.  hi  the  Britaah 
Museum,  No.  4,122 :  '  Concerning  the  Defence  of  the  kingdom  against  invaaionfl.' 
Printed  in  Arc^uBologiOy  voL  xiii.  p.  169.'' 


228  Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons— SuppleineiUary.         Sept. 


I860.]      Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary,  229 

to  turne  to  the  locke  one  after  another."  Indeed,  we  learn  from  Mr. 
Hewitt's  "  Catalogue  of  the  Tower  Armories*^,"  that  not  only  revolvers,  but 
breech-loading  arms,  are  in  existence  of  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  in  one  piece  particularly,  popularly  known  as  Henry  VIII. *8 
fowling  piece,  ''  the  moveable  chamber  which  carries  the  cartridge  has  ex- 
actly the  form  of  that  in  vogue  at  the  present  day."  Rifling  the  barrels 
does  not  appear  to  have  a  claim  to  so  much  antiquity.  Our  author  can 
carry  it  no  higher  than  the  commencement  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
The  earliest  patent  in  the  Patent  Office  of  London  is  dated  24  June,  1635. 
TliQ  gunsmith  undertakes  *'  to  rifle,  cutt  out,  and  screwe  barrels,  as  wide 
or  as  close,  or  as  deepe  or  as  shallowe,  as  shalbe  required,  and  with 
great  ease." 

III.  The  Volunteebs  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth. 

We  have  seen  that  some  of  our  most  valued  weapons  at  the  present  day 
existed,  at  least  in  a  rude  form,  in  the  time  of  the  Tudors,  if  not  before — 
not  a  bad  illustration  of  the  adage  that  there  is  nothing  so  new  as  what  has 
been  forgotten.  We  see  also  from  our  author  that  in  the  da3rs  of  Elizabeth 
there  existed  in  London  (and  no  doubt  elsewhere)  considerable  bodies  of 
"  citizens  practised  in  arms,"  the  worthy  precursors  of  the  Rifle  Corps  of 
the  present  day,  and  he  gives  us  pictures  of  them  which  we  imagine  cannot 
fail  to  interest  our  readers.  We  therefore  transfer  them  to  our  pages,  with 
some  little  explanatory  matter. 

Stowe*s  Chronicle  furnishes  a  full  account  of  the  pompons  funeral  ac- 
corded in  St.  Paul's  to  Sir  Philip  Sydney,  in  February,  1587,  in  which  the 
volunteers  of  London  make  a  conspicuous  flgure.  He  8a3r8,  "  Citizens  of 
London  practised  in  arms,  300,  marched  three  and  three  in  the  foreward, 
the  captain,  lieutenant  and  three  targets,  musqueteers  four  ranks,  drums 
and  fife,  small  shot  twenty  ranks,  pikes  twenty  ranks,  halberds  four  ranks, 
chief  officers  of  the  field,  drums,  fife  and  ensign.  In  the  rearward,  hal- 
berdiers three  ranks,  pikes  fifteen  ranks,  drums  and  fife,  small  shot  fifteen 
ranks,  musqueteers  fifteen  ranks,  &c.  And  when  his  corpse  was  thus  con- 
veyed into  Paul's  church,  where  he  was  honourably  interred,  they  honoured 
him  with  a  double  volley  of  shot,  and  so  departed." 

A  Roll  of  this  grand  ceremony  was  prepared  by  Thomas  Lant,  and  copies 
of  it  are  preserved  in  the  Heralds'  College,  and  also  in  the  British  Museum. 
It  gives  representations  of  the  chief  figures  in  the  procession,  and  Mr.  Hewitt 
has  engraved  four  of  them,  which  we  borrow.  Two  of  these,  the  pikeman 
and  the  targeteer,  are  now  quite  out  of  date,  and  their  equipment  therefore 
calls  for  but  little  remark.  The  pikeman  wears  a  curat,  that  is,  an  armour 
comprising  only  back  and  breastplates,  the  latter  piece  being  of  the  peas- 
cod  form  common  at  the  period.     The  targeteer  is  unprovided  with  body 

.  *  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1860,  p.  601. 


Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary,  [Sept. 


I860.]      Ancient  Armour  and  Weapons — Supplementary.  231 

armour,  but  he  carries  a  handsome  target,  specimens  of  which  may  be  seen 
in  the  Tower  Armory,  Rich  targets  appear  to  have  been  occasionally 
used  in  action,  though  probably,  for  the  most  part,  employed  on  ceremo- 
nial occasions.  At  the  siege  of  Ostend  in  1601,  the  troops  of  Sir  Francis 
Vere,  after  a  contest  with  the  Spaniards,  '*  brought  in  gold  chains,  Spanish 
pistols,  buff  jerkins,  Spanish  cassocks,  blades,  swords,  and  targets  ;  among 
the  rest,  one  wherein  was  enamelled  in  gold  the  Seven  Worthies,  worth 
seven  or  eight  hundred  gilders*." 

The  other  two  figures,  the  '*  small  shot*'  and  musqueteer,  may  be  ad- 
vantageously noticed  more  at  length.  Mr.  Hewitt,  in  describing  Plates  132 
and  133,  says, — 

"  The  '  arquebusery'  of  the  second  half  of  the  sixteeuth  century  diff«red  bat  little 
from  that  of  the  earlier  period.  There  were  still  two  kinds  of  hand-guns  used  for 
military  purposes ;  but  the  smaller  was  now  commonly  called  the  Calivor  or  arqttehtue 
de  calibre,  because  the  hore  of  the  arm,  hitherto  under  no  general  regnlation,  but  lefb 
to  the  caprice  of  each  captain  of  a  band',  was  of  a  determinate  size,  so  that  the  com- 
mon stock  of  bullets  might  fit  every  piece  in  a  regiment.  .  ...  It  would  appear 
from  Brantome  that  it  was  the  Spaniards  who  origpinated  this  great  unprovement  in 
the  hand  fire-arm. 

"  In  the  Tower  collection  are  two  harquebuses  of  this  period  (about  1595),  the  one 
a  caliver,  the  other  a  musquet,  which  shew  us  exactly  what  these  afms  were.  They 
were  procured  from  Pensburst  Place,  Kent,  where  they  formed  part  of  a  considerable 
number  of  similar  fashion,  some  of  which  are  engraved  with  the  date,  1595.  The 
length  of  the  caliver  is  4  ft.  10  in.,  that  of  the  musquet  5  ft.  5i  in.  Both  are  figured 
in  the  Archseological  Journal,  vol.  x.  p.  67.  Their  numbers  in  the  Tower  Catalogue 
are  fj  and  -1^.  The  caliver  appears  to  have  had  a  further  recommendation,  that  it  oould 
be  discharged  much  more  rapidly  than  the  musquet.  Sir  Roger  WiUiams,  in  his  enco- 
mium of  the  latter  arm,  does  not  deny  the  quicker  fire  of  the  former.  'The  calivers 
may  say  they  will  discharge  two  shot  for  one,  but  cannot  denie  that  one  musket  shot 
doth  more  hurt  than  two  calivers'  shot  ^' 

*'The  figure  from  the  Sydney  roll  (132)  is  named  a  '  Hargibusdre,'  and  he  carries 
the  smaller  harquebus,  or  caliver.  It  will  be  observed  that,  while  the  '  Muskater*  in 
the  same  procession  wears  the  Collar  of  BandiHers,  the  harquebusier  carries  the  Flask 
only. 

"The  much-curved  stock  seen  in  our  example,  No.  132,  appears  to  have  been  'the 
French  fashion,'  while  the  straight  stock  was  the  Spanish  mode.  Sir  Roger  WiUiams 
(speaking  of  musquets)  says : — '  For  the  recoyling,  thers  is  no  hurt,  if  they  be  streight 
stocked,  after  the  Spanish  manner :  were  they  stocked  crooked,  after  the  French  man- 
ner, to  be  discharged  on  the  breast,  fewe  or  none  could  abide  their  reooyhng ;  but 
being  discharged  from  the  shoulder,  after  the  Spanish  manner,  there  is  neither  danger 
nor  hurte.'  Brantome  mentions  with  more  approval  the  curved  stocks,  and  even  an- 
nounces himself  the  inventor  of  them.    '  Davantage,  sans  un  honneste  Qentil-homme, 

•  "  Commentaries  of  Sir  Francis  Vere,  p.  174. 

'  "  At  sea,  the  disorder  appears  to  have  been  still  greater,  for  Sir  Richard  Hawkins, 
in  his  *  Voyage  to  the  South  Sea,*  in  1593,  writes : — *  In  the  warres  of  Fraunce,  in  the 
time  of  Queen  Mary,  and  in  other  warres,  as  I  have  heard  of  many  aundent  captaines, 
the  companie  had  but  the  fourth  port  (of  prizes),  and  every  man  bound  to  hring  with 
him  tJie  armes  with  which  hee  would  fight*  (p.  1G4,  ed«  1847.) 

«  "  Brief  Discourse  of  War,  1590. 
Ge«t.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  d  d  2 


232  Ancient  Armour  and  Jfeapons — Supplementary.       [Sept. 

que  je  ne  nommeray  point,  de  pear  de  me  glorifier,  qai  troava  la  fJEi^n  &  ooucher  contre 
rcstomac,  et  non  oontre  respaule,  oomme  estoit  la  coustame  alors/  &c.  {Eloge  de 
Strozzif  vol.  vii.  p.  429.) 

"The  musquet  of  this  time  is  very  distinctly  represented  in  the  Sydney  figure. 
No.  133,  with  its  serpentine  overhanging  the  pnming-pan,  and  its  great  trigger,  to  bo 
pressed  by  the  whole  hand.  In  some  instances,  the  barrel  has  a  sight  in  the  form  of  a 
short  tube.  Our  '  Muskater,'  it  will  be  seen,  has  two  flasks  besides  his  bandiliers.  The 
'  great  moskett  flask'  is  to  keep  the  reserve  store  of  loading  powder,  the  smaller  one  in 
front  is  for  the  priming  powder.  Of  the  former,  there  are  several  in  the  Tower  collec- 
tion.   The  latter  are  very  rare :  there  is  one  in  the  Lichfield  Mnsenm. The 

match-cord,  in  both  oar  prints,  is  carried  at  the  girdle.  Occasionally  it  was  fastened 
round  the  arm,  as  in  the  figure  on  fol.  74  of  the  Helvetia  Descriptio  (Add.  MS.,  18,285)  ; 
and  it  was  sometimes  wound  round  the  hat." 

IV.     Thb  Bayonet. 

The  pike,  as  we  have  seen,  fell  into  disfavour  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  in  the  seventeenth  it  was  entirely  superseded  by  the  bayonet : — 

**  Of  the  bayonet  itself,  the  varieties  have  become  very  numerous,  but  our  captains 
are  by  no  means  yet  agreed  as  to  the  best  form  to  be  g^ven  to  this  instrument.  Re- 
cently, in  the  plains  of  Lombardy,  that  ancient  battle-field  of  Europe,  where  every  step 
of  the  traveller  is  upon  the  grave  of  a  soldier,  a  new  character  has  been  conferred  on 
the  bayonet-fight,  and  warm  advocates  have  arisen  for  the  cut-and-thrust  weapon  aa 
opposed  to  the  old  thrusting  arm.  2iealoQs  friends,  however,  still  raise  their  voices  in 
favour  of  the  more  ancient  implement ;  and  that  this  contention  may  long  be  limited 
to  the  '  voices*  and  to  the  pens  of  the  disputants,  is  the  hearty  prayer  of  the  writer,  as 
it  will  be  that  of  every  reader  through  the  whole  length  and  breadth  of  Mga-KTu 
England." 

Cordially  agreeing  in  this  sentiment,  we  beg  to  commend  Mr.  Hewitt's 
admirable  work  to  the  notice  of  all  who,  desiring  peace,  are  convinced  that 
the  best  way  to  secure  its  blessings  is  never  to  be  found  unprepared  for 
war.     One  sword  drawn  keeps  two  in  their  scabbards. 


Early  form  of  the  Bayonet  (c.  1680). 


I860.]  233 


HINGESTON'S  ROYAL  AND  HISTORICAL  LETTERS*. 

"Wb  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  for  the  contribu- 
tions which  he  has  made,  and  is  making,  to  the  cause  of  historical  litera- 
ture. Each  succeeding  work  which  is  issued  under  his  auspices  (and  the 
series  now  forms  a  goodly  array  of  handsome  octavos)  is  a  new  proof  of 
how  deeply  he  has  the  subject  at  heart.  Where  there  is  so  much  to  praise 
it  is  irksome  to  blame.  It  is  with  corresponding  regret,  therefore,  that  we 
find  ourselves  compelled  to  notice  defects  in  the  execution  of  the  design  ; 
defects,  consequently,  for  which  the  Editor  alone  is  responsible.  In  the 
work  under  consideration  these  defects  are  so  numerous  and  so  startling 
that  they  demand  a  special  consideration. 

It  will  be  readily  conceded  that  such  a  work  as  that  here  promised  by 
Mr.  Hingeston  ought  to  be  an  important  contribution  to  the  sources  of  our 
history,  provided  that  the  documents  of  which  it  is  composed  be  selected 
with  due  discrimination,  printed  with  due  accuracy,  and  translated  (where 
translations  are  required)  with  the  due  amount  of  scholarship.  But  we 
affirm  that  these  Letters  are  not  judiciously  selected,  that  they  are  carelessly 
edited,  and  that  in  his  translations  of  them  the  Editor  betrays  an  unpar- 
donable amount  of  ignorance. 

We  proceed  to  establish  these  three  positions. 

I.  Mr.  Hingeston  tells  us  (Preface,  p.  xii.)  that ''  the  present  collection 
will  consist  of  all  letters  of  general  or  particular  interest  which  the  Editor 
has  been  able  to  discover,  and  which  have  not  been  already  published  by 
Rymer,  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  or  Sir  Harris  Nicolas."  Accepting  this  theory,  we 
dispute  its  application.  Many  of  the  documents  contained  in  this  volume 
are  not  letters,  and  do  not  claim  to  be  such ;  they  are  official  writs,  man- 
dates, or  commissions,  drawn  up  in  the  usual  technical  form  of  such  instru- 
ments. They  have  nothing  in  common  with  letters,  and  ought  never  to 
have  been  mistaken  for  such.  Such,  for  example,  is  the  appointment  of 
Peter  de  Courtenay  to  be  governor  of  Calais,  (p.  7,)  and  very  many 
others  of  the  same  character.  They  might  be  admitted  into  the  dull  pages 
of  dull  Rymer ;  but  in  such  a  collection  as  the  present  professes  to  be,  they 
are  singularly  out  of  place.     And  of  the  letters  themselves,  a  large  propor- 


■  "  Royal  and  Historical  Letters  daring  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Fourth,  King  of 
England  and  of  France,  and  Lord  of  Lreland;  edited  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Hingeston, 
M.A.,  of  £xeter  College,  Oxford,  Incumbent  of  Hampton  Gay,  and  Domestic  Chaplain 
to  Viscoantess  Falmouth,  Baroness  Le  Despencer.  Pnblished  by  the  authority  of  the 
Lords  Commissioners  of  H.M.  Treasury,  under  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 
Vol.  I.,  A.i>.  1399—1404.  8vo."    (Longmans.) 

Qekt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  b  e 


284  Singeston^s  Royal  and  Historical  Letters.  [Sept# 

tion  establishes  no  new  fact,  and  is  of  no  "  general  or  particular  interest." 
In  this  point,  the  perception  of  what  is  worthless  and  what  is  precious,  Mr. 
Hingeston  has  shewn  great  want  of  discrimination.  Provided  the  letter 
be  unprinted,  and  fall  within  the  chronological  period  which  this  volume 
professes  to  illustrate,  its  intrinsic  value  appears  to  be  of  secondary  con- 
sideration. 

Now  assuming  that  this  theory  is  carried  out  by  Mr.  Hingeston  accord- 
ing to  his  own  interpretation  of  it,  let  us  see  what  will  be  the  result.  The 
£ditor  undertakes  to  compile  "A  Collection  of  Boyal  and  Historical 
Letters  during  the  reigns  of  Henry  IV.,  Henry  V.,  and  Henry  VI.,"  a 
period  of  sixty  years.  The  present  volume,  the  first  of  the  series,  includes 
six  years.  It  appears,  then,  that  Mr.  Hingeston  calculates  upon  supplying 
us  with  ten  volumes,  each  of  550  or  600  pages.  We  tremble  at  the  pros- 
pect ;  we  make  a  rough  calculation  of  the  probable  outlay ;  and  we  invoke 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  to  save  the  public  purse  from  such  an  outlay,  and 
historical  literature  from  such  a  calamity. 

II.  We  next  enquire  into  the  accuracy  with  which  Mr.  Hingeston  has 
printed  the  documents  of  which  his  volume  is  composed.  In  proof  that  he 
has  been  careless  in  this  respect,  we  cite  the  following  instances  from  among 
very  many  others  that  might  be  adduced. 

At  p.  21  Mr.  Hingeston  prints  a  document  which,  as  he  reads  the  MS., 
speaks  of  ''  Le  due  Aubers  de  Baytme  ;"  and  he  perpetuates  and  magnifies 
the  blunder  by  translating  it  ''  the  Duke  Albert  of  Bayonne."  The  true 
reading  is  Bayviere,  that  is,  Bavaria  ^. 

In  an  account  of  a  skirmish  with  the  French,  who  had  landed  upon  the 
English  coast,  (p.  273,)  occurs  this  passagCi — ''  Le  dit  Antony  Johan  fuist 
a  le  prendre  a  lejurons  de  Blakepolle."  Mr.  Hingeston  translates  it,  *'  the 
said  Anthony  John  was  at  his  taking  before  the  jurors  of  Blackpool." 
Who  were  these  jurors  ?  The  correct  reading  is  doubtless  la  jumee,  which 
Cotgrave  renders, ''  a  day  of  battle,  or  the  battle  itself."  On  the  previous 
pag^  mention  is  made  of  "  le  scof\fiture  de  BlackpoUe." 

P.  218.  In  a  passage  mentioning  the  misdeeds  of  a  certain  disobedient 
lord,  occurs  this  clause,  "  a  quoy  il  ne  voulut  oveques  obeier."  We  should 
here  read  otwques,  an  adverb  of  time — '  never.' 

Upon  the  same  page  occurs  a  passage  yet  more  extraordinary.  It  speaks 
of  certain  piracies  committed  by  the  men  of  Harfleur,  which  the  writer  cal- 
culates to  have  amounted  to  £100,000,  "par  dessus  les  rautions  des  mar- 
chans  et  maroiners  par  eulx  amesnes  au  dit  lieu  de  Harfleu."  This  passage 
is  misread  and  mistranslated  with  singular  perversity  by  Mr.  Hing^eston, 
**  over  and  above  the  allowaneei  of  the  merchants  and  mariners  brought  by 
them  to  the  said  place  Jrom  Harfleur."  Ordinary  penetration  would  have 
discovered  that  the  meaning  of  the  clause  is,  that  the  loss  was  calculated 

^  The  history  of  this  individoal  may  be  seen  in  L^Jrt  d*  vSrtf,  let  Datet,  xiii«  S75. 


I860.]  Hingenton^s  Royal  and  Historical  Letten.  236 

exclusive  of  the  ransoms  of  the  merchants  and  mariners  conveyed  by  the 
men  of  Harfleur  to  Harfleur, — not  from  it. 

P.  221.  Complaint  is  made  that  the  Count  de  St.  Pol  *'  has  caused  to 
give  chace  to,  sink  and  upset  divers  vessels,  and  caused  the  crews  to  fly»^ 
The  original,  as  given  by  Kr.  Hingeston,  has  ^'  et  les  gens  fiedt  voier.'* 
Bead  noier,  '  to  drown.' 

Upon  the  same  page  it  is  said  of  the  same  individual,  that  "  with  a  great 
number  of  vessels,  and  force  of  armed  men,  he  sails  against  the  realm  of 
England  :*' — ''  a  grant  nombre  de  veaselx,  et  poair  de  gens  d'armes  ennaie 
le  roialme  d'Engleterre."     Read  envaie,  '  invades.' 

P.  224.  Certain  arrangements  are  recommended,  **  the  which/'  says  the 
writer,  as  interpreted  by  Mr.  Hingeston,  "  I  desire  that  they  may  greatly 
avail  to  the  common  good  of  the  two  realms."  ''Lesqueillesy^  avide  que/' 
&c.  is  the  text  This  is  a  blunder :  the  word  which  is  thus  misread  and 
mistranslated  is  cuide — '  I  believe  that  they  will  greatly  avail.'  The  verb 
cuider  is  a  stumblingblock  to  Mr.  Hingeston  throughout  the  whole  of  his 
volume.  In  the  very  last  letter  which  he  has  printed  (p.  447)  this  unlucky 
verb  occurs  again:  "Et  aucuns  evident  et  doubtent"  that  the  Count  of 
Foiz  would  play  the  traitor, ^^i^u^n^,  evidently;  but  the  Editor  bungles 
and  guesses  as  usual,  and  thus  renders  the  clause:  ''and  some  persons  there 
are  who  perceive  and  fear,"  &c. 

III.  The  last  charge  that  we  have  to  advance  against  the  volume  is 
that  the  translations  of  the  French  documents  are  carelessly  executed,  and 
betray  an  amount  of  ignorance  and  inattention  which  is  almost  unpre- 
cedented. Here,  however,  we  must  economize  our  space,  as  several  in- 
stances have  already  occurred.  We  will  mention  a  few«  giving  only  the 
text  and  translation  as  they  stand  in  the  volume,  and  adding  the  corrected 
rendering. 

P.  4.  **5entftf<?^Zd'Angleterre,"  "<?cww^a5Z^  of  England."  "R^dA^stevoard 
of  England.'    The  same  mistake  occurs  at  pp.  6,  8,  11,  &c. 

P.  19.  "Comme  ge  vouldraie  pour  «»{jy,"  "As  I  could  wish  forgot*." 
Head, '  As  I  could  wish  for  myself.' 

P.  59.  ''lEXcombienr  "andAoii;."  Read,  'and  althougV  This  mis- 
translation perverts  the  drift  of  the  letter;  ajud  the  confusion  is  still  further 
increased  by  the  division  of  one  sentence  into  two  at  p.  60.  Oombi^n  is 
again  misunderstood  at  p.  72. 

P.  65.  "  Marsdy:'  "  Thursday."  Read  Tuesday. 

P.  141.  "  Vendresdy;'  "  Wednesday."     Read  Friday. 

P.  146.  **  Devant  €^Q  nous  avoions  resceux  vostre  lettre,"  *^  Since  we 
received  your  letter."     Read, '  Before  we  received  your  letter.' 

Instead,  however,  of  continuing  this  irksome  list,  let  us  see  how  Mr. 
Hingeston  discharges  his  duty  as  an  editor  in  other  respects.  He  may 
possibly  fail  in  some  qualifications,  while  possibly  he  may  succeed  in  others. 
Let  us  see  how  he  illustrates  the  geography  of  his  documents. 


236  HingestorCs  Royal  and  Historical  Letters.  [Sept. 

At  p.  326  occurs  a  passage  in  a  Erench  document  which,  according  to 
the  translation  given  by  the  Editor,  speaks  of  **  the  marches  of  the  country 
of  Artois,  of  Boulogne,  of  Toumois,  and  of  Besors,  and  places  included  in 
the  same."  Where  is  Resors  ?  Resors  is  nowhere ;  it  is  not  a  proper 
name,  though  the  Editor  has  dignified  it  with  a  capital  letter.  The  passage 
is  an  easy  one ;  it  simply  means,  '  the  country  of  Artois,  &c.,  and  thejuris' 
dictions  and  places  included  in  the  same.'  Cotgrave  ^  affords  ample  illustra- 
tion ;  and  the  term  ressort  is  still  in  common  use. 

Again,  a  letter  printed  at  p.  268  discusses  arrangements  for  a  meeting 
"aulieu  de  Rodelinghem,  empres  Campaignes;"  which,  according  to  the 
Editor,  means  "  at  the  place  of  Rodelinghem,  near  Champagne.^  To  speak 
of  a  place  called  Greenwich,  near  Yorkshire,  would  be  about  as  explanatory, 
and  would  argue  a  corresponding  amount  of  information.  The  locality  is 
Rodelinghen,  near  the  village  of  Campagne,  within  an  easy  distance  of 
Calais,  where  the  English  ambassadors  were  then  resident^.  Everyone 
but  Mr.  Hingeston  must  be  aware  that  the  nearest  point  of  Champagne  is 
many  a  league  distant. 

We  have  no  wish  to  press  hard  upon  an  editor,  or  to  carp  at  minor 
faults,  where  the  bulk  of  a  work  is  honestly  and  fairly  executed :  but  we 
find  ourselves  called  upon  to  protest  against  such  wholesale  incapacity  and 
carelessness  as  are  here  exhibited.  Mr.  Hingeston  does  not  profit  by  ex- 
perience, nor  is  he  warned  by  past  failures.  He  blunders  where  there  is  no 
excuse  for  blundering.  He  blunders  in  his  readings  of  the  text  where  the 
MS.  is  plain  and  the  context  obvious.  He  blunders  in  his  Latin,  his  French, 
and  his  English.  He  blunders  in  his  geography,  his  history,  and  his  chro- 
nology. He  blunders  where  reference  to  a  dictionary  or  a  map  would  have 
saved  him  from  blundering.  Several  of  the  letters  which  he  has  printed 
are  valuable,  but  these  are  so  overlaid  with  what  is  worthless,  so  misread 
and  mistranslated,  that  the  whole  is  a  disappointment  to  the  reader,  and  a 
discredit  to  the  Editor. 


*  He  explains  it  thus : — "  The  authority,  prerogative,  or  jurisdictiou  of  a  (sovereign) 
court ;  also,  the  extent  or  circuit  of  a  country,  wherein  it  hath  jurisdiction,  or  whose 
inhabitants  may  repair  or  appeal  unto  it." 

<*  In  a  corresponding  passage,  p.  295,  we  find  the  misreading  "  Eynes"  for  the  well- 
known  Quynes. 


I860.]  237 


A  VISIT  TO  SHEPPEY. 

Thottgh  Sheppey  is  by  no  means  an  unimportant  part  of  the  county  of 
Kent,  and  might  therefore  ^e  fairly  presumed  not  to  be  destitute  of  objects 
of  interest  or  unconnected  with  history,  it  has,  as  far  as  we  are  aware, 
received  but  scant  notice  from  either  the  mere  casual  visitor  or  the  anti- 
quary. This  we  conceive  has  in  some  measure  arisen  from  its  being,  up 
to  the  middle  of  this  year,  only  approachable  by  water,  but  more  from  the 
fact  that  Sheerness,  the  port  usually  arrived  at,  is  little  calculated  to  impress 
any  one  in  its  favour.  A  railway  has,  however,  at  last  linked  the  isle  to 
the  mainland,  and  it  will  now  no  doubt  be  much  more  freely  visited.  The  i 
first  station  is  at  Queenborough,  on  the  site  of  the  celebrated  castle  built  by 
William  of  Wykeham,  and  the  whole  district  thus  opened  up  will  be  found 
to  sustain  a  comparison,  both  in  scenery  and  historic  associations,  with 
many  better  known  regions.  We  visited  the  isle  some  years  ago,  as  well 
as  very  recently,  and  conceive  that  a  brief  account  of  what  we  know 
respecting  it  will  be  no  unsuitable  pendant  to  '*  Strolls  on  the  Kentish 
Coast,"  which  we  formerly  oflfered  to  our  readers  * ;  we  should  be  glad  if  it 
induced  some  of  them  at  least  to  visit  a  district  that  was  so  much  a  terra 
incognita  to  Macaulay,  in  the  year  1849,  if  not  later,  that  he  actually  was 
ignorant  of  its  name  ^. 

Sheppey  lies  at  the  junction  of  the  Thames  and  the  Med  way ;  the  former 
stream,  there  just  opening  into  the  sea,  washes  its  northern,  and  the  latter 
bathes  its  western  shore.  On  the  south  and  east  it  is  divided  from  the 
mainland,  by  an  arm  of  the  sea,  called  the  Swale,  in  which,  as  our  earliest 
fact,  we  may  mention  that  Augustine  baptized  ten  thousand  converts  on 
Christmas-day,  in  the  year  597,  and  over  which  a  vast  iron  girder  bridge, 
supported  on  massive  brick  piers  in  seven  fathom  water,  now  carries  the 
Sittingbourne  and  Sheerness  Railway.  Maps  usually  exhibit  two  isles.  Elm- 
ley  and  Harty,  as  adjoining  Sheppey  on  the  south,  but  they  are  now,  what- 
ever they  may  have  been  formerly,  peninsulas,  and  integral  parts  of  the  isle. 
The  length  of  the  whole,  from  north-west  to  south-east  (the  Sheerness  and 
SheUness  which  my  Lord  Macaulay  and  those  who  take  history  from  him 
have  confounded  <^),  is  about  ten^  miles,  and  the  breadth,  from  north  to 
south,  is  about  four ;  the  whole  has  an  area  of  above  18,000  acres,  and 
a  population  exceeding  13,000.  There  are  seven  parishes,  of  which  Min- 
ster (including  Sheerness  and  its  suburbs)  occupies  the  north-west  and 
central  part  of  the  isle ;  Queenborough,  the  south-west ;  Eastchurch  lies 

•  Gbitt.  Mag.,  July,  1856;  Sept.  1866;  July,  1857. 

^  See  his  History  of  England,  vol.  ii.  p.  569  (ed.  1849),  where  he  speaks  of  *'  Emley 
ferry,  near  the  island  of  Sheerness,"  meaning  Sheppey. 
<"  Gent.  Mao.,  Jan.  1859,  p.  49,  and  Feb.  1859,  p.  184. 


238  A  Visit  to  Sheppey.  [Sept. 

east  of  Minster,  and  Warden  east  of  Eastchiirch,  reaching  in  that  direction 
to  the  extremity  of  the  isle,  so  that  its  once  hold,  hut  crumhling  cliffy 
Warden  Point,  is  often  called  the  Land's  End  of  Sheppey.  Returning 
westward,  Leysdown  stretches  south  and  west,  overlooking  the  sand-hank 
called  Whitstahle  Flats,  and  ending  southward  in  the  point  of  Shellness, 
where  in  1688  the  flight  of  James  II.  was  aprested.  Harty  lies  west  of 
Leysdown,  and  Elmley  west  of  Harty,  and  joining  Queenhorough,  com- 
pletes the  circuit. 

Ptolemy  is  supposed  to  mention  Sheppey  under  the  name  of  Toliapis, 
(or  perhaps  Counos,)  hut  no  certain  traces  of  Boman  occupation  have  as 
yet  been  discovered.  Early  in  the  days  of  the  Heptarchy  the  pious  Queen 
Sexhurga  of  Kent  founded  a  minster,  which  is  mentioned  by  Asser,  and 
which  still  gives  name  to  the  most  important  district  of  the  isle,  and  accord- 
ing to  a  doubtful  tradition  OAb  of  Mercia,  returning  from  Rome,  breathed 
his  last  there.  Next  came  the  Norsemen,  who  ravaged  the  isle  in  832, 
but  did  not  winter  in  it  until  855,  and  to  them  are  ascribed  the  numerous 
tumuli,  popularly  called  Cotei*ells,  which  form  a  remarkable  feature  in  its 
landscape.  William  I.  restored  the  ruined  Minster,  and  ecclesiastics  began 
to  prosper  again,  so  that  in  the  time  of  Ekiward  II.  the  greater  part  of 
the  island  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Feversham;  the  Templars  also  had 
possessions  there,  as  the  manors  of  Hacking,  Radymersh  and  Ryde,  which 
came  into  the  hands  of  the  Hospitallers ;  and  at  the  great  readjustment  of 
such  property  under  Henry  VIII.  the  lion's  share  seems  to  have  fallen  to 
Sir  Thomas  Cheyney,  who  was  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  Governor  of 
Queenborough  Castle,  and  the  holder  of  other  great  offices ;  from  his  family 
many  manors  passed  to  that  of  Sir  Michael  Livesay,  one  of  the  regicides, 
and  on  his  attainder,  in  1661,  they  fell  to  the  Crown,  which  is  now  the 
great  landowner  in, Sheppey. 

The  history  of  the  island  is  almost  confined  to  Queenborough  and  Sheer- 
ness.  The  castle  at  the  first  place  was  built  by  Edward  HI.,  repaired  by 
Henry  IV.,  with  whom  it  was  sometimes  a  royal  residence,  and  again  by 
Henry  VIII.  In  1650  it  was  condemned  as  useless,  and  pulled  down,  and 
a  few  years  after  Charles  II.  began  to  replace  it  by  a  small  work  at  Sheer* 
ness,  which  being  unfinished  proved  too  weak  to  resist  the  Dutch  under  De 
Ruyter;  the  disgrace  thus  brought  on  England  seems  more  properly  to 
rest  with  the  vaunted  Republicans,  who  destroyed  Wykeham's  castle, 
than  with  Charles,  who  laid  the  foundation  of  the  present  noble  dockyard 
and  forts*. 

A  ridge  of  high  land  runs  along  the  northern  part  of  Sheppey  from  a  little 
east  of  Sheemess,  and  terminates  in  Warden  Point,  offering  in  several 


^  For  an  interesting  notice  of  Charles's  visit  to  Sbeemess,  and  bis  feelings  on  this 
matter,  see  the  Diary  of  General  Patrick  Gordon,  cited  in  Gent.  MAa.,  July,  1860, 
p.  16. 


I860.]  A  Visit  to  Skeppey.  239 

places  views  of  considerable  extent  and  variety.  Northward,  a  table-land 
stretches  to  the  cliffs,  and  is  well  cultivated,  chiefly  as  market  gardens ; 
handsome  groups  of  timber  occur  every  here  and  there  on  the  high  ground, 
and  southward  the  land  slopes  rapidly  into  rich  pastures  ;  these,  it  is  true, 
are  below  the  sea  level,  and  only  saved  from  inundation  by  stout  sea  walls ; 
but  they  abound  with  fat  cattle,  are  dotted  all  over  with  substantial  farm- 
houses, and  shew  every  here  and  there  the  remarkable  mounds,  called  the 
Coterells,  which,  thanks  to  local  tradition,  call  to  mind  Hasting  and  the 
Northmen  ;  a  tradition  highly  probable,  but,  as  far  as  we  know,  still  to  be 
tested  by  opening  some  of  them.  The  sea  walls,  which  form  the  barriers 
of  the  isle  on  three  of  its  sides,  will  not  be  expected  to  present  anything 
remarkable,  unless  the  visitor  knows  enough  of  the  difficulty  of  such  works 
to  appreciate  the  great  expense  and  unceasing  diligence  that  their  preser- 
vation in  good  order  demands ;  but  the  natural  barrier,  the  cliffs  on  the 
north  shore,  are  very  picturesque  in  their  outline.  Their  height  is  not  more 
than  from  80  to  100  feet,  but  being  of  the  London  clay,  they  crumble  away 
daily,  and  fall  back  every  here  and  there  in  crater-like  recesses,  where  the 
dull  colour  of  the  cliff  is  enlivened  by  myriads  of  crystals  of  selenite  which 
sparkle  in  the  sunshine.  The  falls  of  cliff  of  course  encumber  the  beach,  and 
form  rough  mounds  which  on  one  side  are  washed  by  the  sea,  leaving  small 
space  for  the  tourist  or  geological  wanderer,  but  the  inner  face  of  these  hills 
is  turned  to  account,  and  diligently  cultivated  in  potato  patches.  It  is  easy 
enough  (indeed,  sometimes  almost  too  easy)  to  descend  to  the  shore,  but  as 
you  attempt  to  return  the  soil  crumbles  away  beneath  your  feet,  and  the 
stranger  can  hardly  comprehend  how  the  Sheppey  people  manage  to  ascend 
the  cliffs  with  sacks  of  the  potatoes  from  below.  Yet  they  do  it  by 
patiently  zig-zag-ing  up,  planting  the  feet  firmly  on  the  clusters  of  coarse 
herbage,  which  no  animal  ventures  to  touch,  and  often  pausing  to  rest. 

The  royal  dockyard  of  Sheerness,  with  its  cut  stone  walls,  and  its  fortifi- 
cations, formidable-looking  enough  to  the  eye  of  the  civilian,  but  soon  to  be 
still  farther  strengthened,  occupy,  as  we  have  said,  the  north-west  point  of 
the  isle,  and  a  pier  of  the  '*  wearisome  but  needful  length"  of  3,000  feet, 
introduces  the  visitor  at  once  to  the  choice  quarter,  known  as  Blue  Town, 
one  of  the  numerous  divisions  of  Sheerness,  others  being  Mile  Town,  which 
reaches  to  the  fortifications  on  the  land  side  on  the  road  to  Minster, 
and  Banks*  Town  and  Marina,  which  stretch  along  the  north  shore,  oppo- 
site the  famous  oyster-beds  that  supply  the  "real  natives,"  these  latter,  like 
Epping  sausages,  Durham  mustard,  &c.,  not  coming,  in  a  twentieth  of 
their  number,  from  Milton,  their  reputed  habitat.  Here  the  houses  are 
good,  particularly  a  terrace,  called  in  remembrance  of  the  late  war,  the 
Crimea;  hotels  and  public  gardens  are  found,  and  the  beach  will  bear 
a  comparison  with  that  of  places  that  have  been  longer  established  as 
"  health  resorts."  Beyond  Marina  the  cliffs  appear,  and  the  geologist  who 
does  not  fear  a  somewhat  rough  and  disagreeable  walk,  may  ramble  under 


240  A  Visit  to  Sheppey.  [Sept. 

them,  and  find  more  fossils  in  a  few  hours  than  he  would  care  to  carry 
any  great  distance.  But  he  must  select  a  falling  tide,  for,  as  we  have  said, 
the  beach  is  a  mere  strip,  while  ascent  of  the  cliffs  is  by  no  means  an  easy 
task,  and  would  certainly  oblige  him  to  cast  off  all  impedimenta,  in  the 
shape  of  his  new-found  treasures,  and  very  probably  his  geological  hammer 
and  chisel  as  well. 

There  is  but  one  break  in  the  north  shore  after  the  cliffs  are  reached 
going  eastward,  and  the  little  valley  is  duly  guarded  by  a  party  of  the 
Coast  Guard.  Beyond  Warden,  the  coast  sinks,  and  has  soon  to  be  pro- 
tected by  sea  walls,  and  thus  it  continues,  fringed  by  sand-banks,  which  in 
the  proper  season  seem  almost  alive  with .  men  pursuing  the  oyster  fishery, 
through,  first  the  East  and  then  the  West  Swale  of  the  Med  way,  and  so 
round  to  Sheerness.  In  these  accessible  quarters  Coast  Guard  stations  are 
plentiful,  and  the  trim  row-boats  of  the  force  are  very  familiar  if  not  very 
agreeable  objects  to  the  eye  of  the  Sheppey  man.  Several  creeks  run  far 
into  the  interior,  and  in  the  sunshine  their  broad  placid  sheets  of  water 
form  pleasant  objects  in  the  view  from  the  high  grounds.  Muswell  creek 
on  the  east,  and  Capel  creek  on  the  west,  nearly  insulate  Harty ;  Crog 
deep  does  the  same  with  Elmley,  and  spreads  into  a  reservoir  of  consider* 
able  size  ;  and  Queenborough  creek  gives  a  double  portion  of  water  frontage 
to  that  once  important,  but  now  decayed  town. 

Communication  with  the  mainland  has  from  time  immemorial  been  main- 
tained by  means  of  public  ferries,  of  which  there  are  four, — viz.  from  Shell- 
ness  to  Paversham  road ;  from  Harty  to  Oare ;  from  Elmley  to  Tong ;  and 
lastly,  King's  Ferry,  which  has  just  been  superseded  by  the  railway.  The 
others  were,  and  are  subject  to  tolls,  but  King's  Ferry  has,  "  from  time 
whereof  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  contrary,"  been  free  for 
horse  and  man,  except  on  Sundays,  though  its  tolls  were  rather  heavy  for 
carriages.  The  free  ferry  was  managed  by  a  corporation,  and  was  a  most 
useful  institution,  though  its  arrangements  until  the  very  last  day  of  its 
existence,  in  April  of  the  present  year,  were  of  rather  primitive  description, 
and  when  seen  for  the  first  time  by  a  stranger  appeared  remarkable  enough. 
On  the  opposite  shores  of  the  Swale  stand  two  brick-built  ferry-houses, 
serving  of  course  as  public-houses  also,  and  in  the  one  on  the  Sheppey  side 
still  resides  the  ancient  ferry-master.  Just  beside  each  house  are  seen  two 
stumps  of  trees  firmly  rooted  in  the  ground,  and  round  them  are  still  coiled 
•  stout  cables.  In  the  stream,  opposite  the  railway  bridge,  lie  the  now  die* 
used  ferry-boats ;  they  are  of  large  size,  open  for  the  most  part,  but  with 
a  small  covered  recess  at  one  end,  where  two  or  three  persons  may  find 
shelter  from  the  weather.  Their  bulk  prevented  the  boats  coming  very 
close  to  the  low  shore,  and  therefore  a  large  aperture  was  cut  in  one  side, 
beside  which  floated  a  platform,  which  formed  a  sufiicient  bridge  for  horses 
and  carriages  to  enter,  but  pedestrians  were  assisted  by  the  ferry-men. 
These  tough-looking  fellows  were  clad  in  Guernsey  shirts  and  stout 
2 


I860.]  A  nsit  to  Sheppey.  241 

trousers,  and  were  encased  up  to  their  hips  in  huge  sea  boots.  They  bent 
their  backs,  and  the  passengers  clapping  a  hand  on  their  shoulder  and 
seating  themselves  on  their  hip,  we  have  seen  carried,  though  full-grown 
men,  two  at  a  time,  into  the  boat.  Women  and  children  were  carried  in 
the  arms  as  tenderly  as  babies.  When  the  boat  was  thus  filled,  the  ferry 
men  hauled  on  the  cables  fixed  to  the  opposite  shore,  and  in  about  five 
minutes  you  were  on  terra  firma  again.  This  ride  for  nothing  is  now  a 
thing  of  the  past ;  for  the  present  you  are  at  liberty  to  walk,  or  ride,  over 
the  eastern  half  of  the  railway  bridge  without  payment,  but  the  ferry  is 
the  property  of  the  company,  and  we  believe  that  a  toll  on  both  horse  and 
foot  will  be  imposed  ere  long. 

The  general  aspect  of  Sheppey,  to  our  eyes  at  least,  is  a  very  pleasant 
one.  The  ridge  of  high  land,  as  we  have  remarked,  commands  views  from 
sea  to  sea.  Its  highest  point  is  crowned  by  a  church,  the  mutilated  re- 
mains of  Sexburga's  Minster,  which  is  seen  from  almost  every  part  of  the 
island,  carrying  the  mind  back  to  the  times  of  the  Heptarchy,  whilst  in  the 
low  grounds  may  be  seen  the  numerous  smooth  green  elevations,  the  co- 
terells,  where  probably  repose  many  of  its  Northman  destroyers.  A  double 
one,  of  much  larger  size  than  the  rest,  close  to  the  gate  that  divides  East- 
church  from  Harty,  is  a  remarkable  object  from  many  points.  Bright  inlets 
of  the  sea,  here  termed  fleets,  bring  hoys  and  other  small  sailing  vessels  far 
into  the  southern  parts,  and  a  wharf  is  no  uncommon  appendage  to  the  farm- 
yard. Well  cultivated  fields,  with  handsome  timber  in  the  hedges,  forming 
oflen  shady  lanes  that  would  delight  the  painter,  are  the  characteristic  of 
the  north  of  the  island.  Much  of  the  land  is  occupied  as  market  gardens, 
or  for  growing  to  contract  valuable  crops  (as  canary  or  mustard)  for  the 
London  seedsmen.  Indeed,  Sheppey,  wherever  arable  land  is  found,  is 
emphatically  the  region  of  high  farming,  and  do  one  but  a  wealthy  tenant 
can  long  hold  land  there.  Consequently  the  farms  are  yearly  getting 
larger  and  larger,  and  holdings  of  1,000  acres  are  not  uncommon.  As  a 
natural  result,  the  hedges  and  water-courses  are  all  kept  in  the  best  order, 
the  fields  are  clean,  and  every  farm  office  testifies  to  the  well-to-do  condi- 
tion of  the  agriculturist.  Steam  machinery  appears  every  here  and  there ; 
the  fences  and  gates  and  vehicles  are  kept  so  freshly  painted  as  to  seem 
always  new,  and  the  well-fed  horses  are  ordinarily  decorated  with  coloured 
fringes  to  their  harness.  But  better  than  this,  the  cottages  of  the  labourers 
look  much  more  comfortable  than  is  always  the  case  in  high-farmed  dis- 
tricts. Some  modem  ones  are  of  brick,  but  the  generality  are  of  wood, 
which  is  the  common  material  even  of  substantial  farm-houses.  Many  of 
these  have  a  foundation  and  a  few  feet  of  lower  wall  of  brick,  but  the  upper 
part  is  of  wood,  often  painted  black  on  one  face  and  white  on  the  other. 
Several  of  the  farm-houses  occupy  the  site  and  retain  the  name  of  ancient 
manor-houses ;  as  Neats  Court,  near  Queenborough,  once  a  portion  of  the 
dower  lands  of  Henrietta  Maria ;  Dandeley,  which  belonged  to  the  Ad*- 

Q£iix.  l^Q.  Vol.  CCIX.  i  f 


242  A  Visit  to  Sheppey.  [Sept. 

miral.  Lord  Thomas  Seymour ;  Shurland,  near  Eastchurch,  the  stronghold 
of  Sir  Robert  Shurland,  warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.,  whose  remarkable  tomb  is  at  Minster  ;  and  a  fine  old  mansion, 
also  near  Eastchurch,  which  belonged  to  Livesay,  the  regicide,  who  was 
twice  sheriff  of  Kent  under  the  Commonwealth. 

Farming  and  fishing  are  the  chief  occupations  in  Sheppey,  but  one  of  its 
old  manufactures,  that  of  copperas,  which  was  noticed  at  Queenborough 
Castle  by  Lambarde  nearly  three  centuries  ago,  is  still  continued,  on  a 
limited  scale.  Lime-burning  is  pursued  at  Queenborough  to  supply  the 
agriculturists  with  the  needful  dressing  for  their  heavy  clay  soil,  and  Roman 
cement  is  manufactured  extensively  from  the  septaria,  or  masses  of  indurated 
clay,  that  supply  the  well-known  post-pliocene  fossils  of  the  island. 

It  is  time  to  take  a  very  brief  survey  of  the  island,  parish  by  parish. 
While  the  approach  to  Sheppey  was  mainly  by  water,  Sheerness  pier  was 
the  place  usually  first  arrived  at,  and  the  run  down  the  Medway  by  steam- 
boat, with  Upnor  Castle,  not  famous  for  beauty,  on  the  one  hand,  and  by- 
and-by  Stangate  Creek,  with  its  glaring-looking  quarantine  hulks,  on  the 
other,  was  a  pleasant  one,  taking  one  as  it  did  among  the  old  three-deckers 
that  lie  in  ordinary,  and  which  are  still  noble  objects,  though  this  utilitainan 
age  has  run  brick  chimneys  up  from  their  portholes.  But  the  iron  band  of 
the  railway  now  brings  you  into  the  isle  at  King's  Ferry,  from  Sittingboume^ 
leaving  Milton,  the  stronghold  of  Hasting,  and  Tong  Castle,  the  scene  of 
traditions  of  Hengist  and  Rowena  and  Vortigern,  on  the  right ;  you  see 
that  the  central  part  of  the  bridge  is  a  drawbridge  worked  by  huge  cranks 
attached  to  four  towers  of  open  iron- work,  and  soon  after  you  come  to  a 
halt  at  the  Queenborough  Station,  a  rather  handsome  structure  of  yellow 
and  red  brick,  which  stands  on  a  part  of  the  site  of  the  castle.  The  railway 
proceeds,  nearly  parallel  with  the  sea  wall,  to  Sheerness,  and  crossing  the 
moat  and  entering  one  of  the  forts  within  a  very  few  feet  of  a  heavy  gun, 
you  find  yourself  at  the  station,  which  is  of  the  same  character  as  that  at 
Queenborough,  but  much  larger. 

Of  Sheerness  we  already  have  said  as  much  as  is  necessary.  Queen- 
borough, then,  consists  mainly  of  one  street,  which  bears  painful  evidence 
of  decay.  It  may,  in  time,  be  revivified  by  the  railway,  but  at  present,  many 
of  the  houses  are  empty,  though  there  are  a  few  new  ones ;  the  town -hall  is 
shut  up,  and  the  public  clock  persists  in  indicating  8.35  at  all  hours  of  the  day. 
The  church,  which  is  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  has  a  low  tower  at  the 
west  end  supposed  to  be  Norman ;  its  outward  appearance  is  deplorable, 
with  a  few  miserable  casement  windows  let  into  the  roof,  and  we  have  never 
felt  tempted  to  apply  for  the  keys,  as  we  believe  there  is  nothing  to  repay 
the  trouble  of  inspecting  the  interior.  The  castle,  as  before  said,  has  dis- 
appeared, but  its  moat  and  its  well  remain,  the  latter  a  truly  valuable 
matter,  as  good  water  is  scarce  in  Sheppey,  and  is  only  obtained  by  boring 
through  two  or  three  hundred  feet  of  the  stiff  London  clay.     This  want  of 


I860.]  A  r%8it  to  Sheppey.  243 

water  is  the  great  drawback  of  the  island,  but  where  so  many  other  things 
have  been  recently  improved,  it  is  not  probable  that  such  will  much  longer 
continue  to  be  the  case. 

Minster,  the  next  parish,  which  includes  Sheemess,  contains  a  church 
(SS,  Mary  and  Sexburga)  that  no  antiquary  will  neglect  to  visit.  It 
is  almost  the  sole  remnant  of  the  foundation  of  Sexburga,  which  was  sub- 
verted by  the  Northmen,  restored  by  their  descendants  the  JN'ormans,  and 
at  the  dissolution  was  granted  to  the  potent  Sir  Thomas  Cheyney.  Here 
are  the  beautiful  Northwood  brasses  so  well  known  from  Messrs.  Waller's 
work,  a  remarkable  effigy  of  a  knight  dug  up  in  the  churchyard  in  1833, 
and  the  tomb  of  Sir  Robert  Shurland,  on  which  is  a  figure  in  armour,  and 
a  horse's  head  projects  from  the  wall  above.  The  animal  appears  to  be 
swimming,  the  waves  almost  touching  its  nostrils,  and  the  explanation  given 
is,  that  the  figure  commemorates  a  singular  event  in  the  career  of  Sir  Robert. 
He  is  said  to  have  come  to  the  churchyard  of  Minster  one  day,  and  seen  a 
crowd  gathered  around  a  priest  beside  an  open  grave.  Inquiring  the  cause* 
he  was  told  that  the  priest  refused  to  perform  his  office  without  payment, 
on  which  the  knight  drew  his  sword,  at  one  sweep  took  off  the  priest's 
head,  and  tumbled  him  into  the  grave.  Whether  service  was  performed 
over  the  two  corpses,  we  are  not  informed,  but  it  seems  the  knight  retired 
to  his  stronghold  in  Eastchurch,  and  thus  kept  out  of  harm's  way  for  a 
while  until  he  heard  that  the  king  was  sailing  by  the  island,  when  he  deter- 
mined to  venture  out  and  solicit  pardon.  He  mounted  his  favourite  horse, 
galloped  down  the  clifiFs,  where  no  one  dared  to  follow  him,  and  spurring 
his  charger  into  the  sea,  swam  off  to  the  king,  who  readily  promised  his 
pardon  on  condition  of  his  swimming  back  again.  He  reached  the  shore  in 
safety,  and  was  patting  his  horse,  when  a  witch  approached  and  told  him 
that  the  animal  which  had  that  day  saved  his  life,  would  yet  cause  his  death. 
The  knight,  as  we  have  seen,  was  prompt  in  resolve,  and  to  defeat  the  pro- 
phecy he  killed  his  horse  on  the  spot.  Some  time  after,  he  was  walking 
on  the  beach,  when  he  kicked  against  what  he  took  to  be  a  stone,  but  it 
was  the  skull  of  his  ill-requited  charger ;  he  had  broken  it  by  the  blow,  a 
piece  of  the  bone  pierced  his  foot,  and  he  died,  only  living  time  enough  to 
direct  that  his  steed  should  share  his  monument  with  him.  The  story  is 
old,  but  it  was  related,  a  very  short  time  ago,  with  every  appearance  oi 
belief,  by  the  person  who  shewed  the  church. 

Eastchurch  consists  mainly  of  one  street,  at  the  west  end  of  which 
stands  the  church  (All  Saints),  a  handsome  structure  recently  restored, 
but  still  girt  by  a  row  of  neatly- painted  water-butts,  as  mentioned  by 
Hasted,  to  catch  the  precious  rain  water.  It  contains  a  stately  tomb  to  the 
memory  of  Gabriel  Livesay  and  his  wife,  the  parents  of  the  regicide.  It 
once  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Dunes,  but  was  transferred  to  Boxley,  as 
a  recompence  for  entertaining  visitors  to  England  of  the  Cistercian  order. 
Much  of  this  parish  is  marsh  land,  and  it  contains  several  coterells. 


244  A  Visit  to  Sheppey.  [Sept. 

Warden  is  approached  from  Eastchurch  by  a  pleasant  wooded  lane,  at 
the  very  end  of  which  stands,  for  the  present,  the  church,  dedicated  to 
St.  James,  a  small  edifice,  that  within  the  last  thirty  years  has  been  almost 
rebuilt  with  stone  from  Old  London  bridge,  as  an  inscription  over  the  door 
testifies.  It  stands,  however,  in  a  most  dangerous  position,  the  cliff 
crumbling  away  rapidly,  and  unless  some  effectual  measures  are  taken. 
Warden  will  soon  be  a  second  Reculver.  We  visited  it  three  years  ago, 
when  there  was  a  road,  and  a  field  with  a  brick  house  on  it  (which,  how- 
ever, had  been  abandoned  as  unsafe),  between  the  church  and  the  cliff.  In 
the  spring  of  this  year  a  portion  of  the  cUff  gave  way,'  carrying  off  the 
field,  the  road,  and  one  corner  of  the  churchyard,  including  several  elms. 
Some  of  these  were  shattered  by  the  fall,  but  others  we  saw  quite  recently 
standing  upright,  and  in  full  health  apparently,  though  they  had  slipped  at 
least  100  feet  from  their  original  position.  The  Sheppey  men,  however, 
have  made  the  best  of  the  accident,  as  they  ordinarily  do  in  such  cases, 
and  good  root  crops  are  now  growing  on  the  displaced  soil;  the  scene 
altogether  is  a  striking  one. 

Leysdown  is  almost  as  small  a  village  as  Warden,  and  has  a  church 
(St.  Clement)  which  is  in  a  very  poor  condition,  standing  almost  as  much 
exposed,  but  a  substantial- looking  parsonage-house  is  between  it  and  the 
verge  of  the  cliff.  The  cliffs  soon  after  disappear,  and  Shellness  is  only 
a  low  sandy  point,  where  James  II.  was  seized,  in  sight  of  a  lofty  artificial 
mound,  which  was  doubtless  meant  to  hold  in  eternal  remembrance  some 
eminent  warrior,  but  has  failed  in  its  purpose. 

Harty  has  no  village ;  it  is  merely  a  collection  of  large  farms,  one  of 
which  is  close  to  the  church.  The  church  (St.  Thomas)  is  a  very  poor 
edifice ;  it  once  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Feversham,  and  at  the  dissolu- 
tion came  into  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas  Cheyney. 

Elmley  is  the  busiest-looking  part  of  the  district,  of  course  excepting 
Sheerness.  It  is  mainly  grazing  land,  but  of  late  years  an  extensive  brick 
and  tile  factory  has  been  established,  the  population  is  three  times  more 
numerous  than  it  was  twenty  years  ago,  the  church  has  been  rebuilt  in 
good  taste,  and  its  taper  spire  is  a  marked  feature  'all  along  the  Swale, 
liather  extensive  plantations  have  also  been  made  in  the  island,  as  has  been 
done  in  Harty,  but,  judging  from  former  experiments,  it  is  asserted  that 
they  will  not  thrive ;  it  is  certain  that  very  few  trees  of  any  age  are  to  be 
seen  in  either  of  the  islands  of  Harty  or  Elmley,  though  they  are  plentiful 
enough  in  the  north  part  of  Sheppey. 

At  the  time  that  Harris  published  his  History  of  Kent  (1719),  ecclesias- 
tical afiairs  appear  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  in  Sheppey.  He  speaks 
of  the  church  of  Harty  having  service  performed  in  it  only  once  a  month ; 
at  Elmley,  the  church  was  a  ruin,  and  there  were  but  two  houses  in  the 
parish,  "so  that  the  patrons  (All  Souls',  Oxford)  make  it  a  kind  of  sinecure," 
service  being  read  only  once  by  each  new  incumbent,  on  taking  possession* 


I860.]  ArcJuBology  in  Algeria,  245 

At  Leysdown,  the  body  of  the  church  had  fallen,  "  and  only  a  shed  built 
up  for  the  present  celebration  of  the  divine  offices."^  Of  Warden,  he  says, — 

"What  saint  this  poor  church  was  dedicated  to  I  cannot  find;  quisquU  Jmt  tile 
deorum ;  he  seems  quite  to  have  deserted  this  little  shrine :  for  in  my  peramhulation 
hither  I  found  the  door  standing  open,  the  church  all  out  of  repair,  a  poor  ragged 
rending-desk,  and  hut  half  a  pulpit." — (p.  327.) 

Happily  this  disg^ceful  state  of  things  exists  no  longer,  and  dirine 
service  is  performed  at  all  customary  times  in  every  church  in  the  island. 

Now  that  Queenborough  can  be  reached  in  a  couple  of  hours  from 
London,  we  hope  we  have  shewn  sufficient  ground  to  induce  many  to  pay 
Sheppey  a  visit.  If  their  views  are  at  all  like  our  own,  they  will  not  con- 
sider the  time  ill  spent. 


ARCHAEOLOGY  IN  ALGERIA. 


AacH^OLoaiCAL  discoveries  continue  to  be  made  at  Constantino,  in  Algeria. 
The  town  architect,  whilst  having  some  plaster  removed  from  the  eastern  side 
of  the  minaret  of  the  principal  mosque,  built  about  seven  centuries  back,  in  the 
time  of  the  Hafsifte  dynasty,  recently  found  stones  containing  two  Latin  in- 
scriptions which  had  been  built  into  the  minaret  at  a  height  of  about  50  feet. 
This  discovery  affords  a  presumption  that  the  building  had  been  constructed  at 
least  in  part  of  materials  coming  from  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  momunents  of 
Cirta.  The  inscription  on  one  of  the  stones  is  much  mutilated.  On  the  second,  the 
first  line  is  wanting ;  in  the  next  line  is  the  word  Ratiomalis,  supposed  to  be 
given  as  the  title  of  some  high  functionary  of  Numidia ;  the  same  designation 
has  been  found  in  another  inscription,  but  authorities  differ  as  to  its  precise 
meaning.  The  words  nvmid  (ise)  and  mavbit  (anise),  and  the  name  yettiys 
FLOBENTizrvs,  are  legible.    The  stones  are  each  24  inches  by  19. 

In  some  excavations  in  the  rue  de  la  Tour  at  the  comer  of  the  rue  Belisaire, 
Constantine,  there  has  been  discovered  a  sphynx  in  white  marble,  sixty  centi- 
metres high  and  of  equal  width.  Unfortunately  it  is  not  in  a  very  good  state 
of  preservation,  the  head  and  the  end  of  the  paws  having  been  broken.  It  is 
of  Greek  type,  and  of  beautiful  execution. 

At  ChercheU  also,  in  some  excavations  in  the  midst  of  the  remains  of  some 
large  temple,  or  palace,  of  marble,  (of  Juba,  himself,  perhaps,)  four  heads  of 
very  good  style  have  been  dug  up,  which  would  seem  from  their  size  to  have 
originally  occupied  a  lofty  position,  as  crowning  the  fii9ade  of  some  gigantic 
edifice. — Jkhbar  o/ Algiers, 


246  [Sept. 


ROKiN  INSCRIBED  AND  SCULPTURED  STONES*. 

In  the  July  number  of  this  Magazine  reference  was  made  to  the  Cata- 
loo^ue  of  the  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones  of  the  Roman  Period  in  the 
possession  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Notices 
of  some  of  these  monuments  have,  from  time  to  time,  appeared  in  our  former 
volumes;  but  the  entire  collection  is  so  important  and  so  inadequately 
known,  that  it  becomes  a  duty  in  a  periodical  which  aims  at  recording  the 
state  and  progress  of  our  national  archaeology  to  draw  closer  attention  to  it. 
The  study  of  general  primeval  antiquities  must  necessarily  be  often  more  or 
less  speculative ;  but  when  the  mind  of  civilised  man  expresses  its  thoughts 
and  sentiments  in  a  written  language,  we  leave  the  perplexing  maze  of  con- 
jecture, tread  with  confidence  the  firm  paths  of  history,  and  enter  upon 
beaten  roads  with  guideposts  and  milestones  which  encourage  our  foot- 
steps and  cheer  our  labours.  The  stone  was  lettered  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  conveying  information ;  and  every  writer  of  the  words  to  be  incised 
is,  to  a  certain  extent,  an  historian,  compelled  by  the  scanty  and  stubborn 
depository  of  his  thoughts  to  be  brief  and  energetic,  and  often  to  compress 
words  of  several  syllables  into  one,  to  ligature  letters,  invent  monograms 
and  characters,  and  make  single  letters  represent  words.  Like  coins,  in- 
scriptions come  down  to  us  fresh  from  the  hands  of  the  makers ;  and 
although  not  individually  so  numerous  as  to  admit  of  abraded  words  being 
read  by  means  of  better  preserved  examples,  yet  their  interpretation  is 
often  assisted  by  known  formulae  and  by  comparison. 

The  value  of  these  monuments  to  the  historian  cannot  be  estimated  too 
highly.  They  often  correct  or  explain,  and  verify  the  statements  of  ancient 
writers.  Where  written  history  is  silent  they  frequently  contribute  informa- 
tion obtainable  from  no  other  source ;  and  when  they  cease,  and  the  light 
they  shed  upon  the  obscurity  of  the  past  is  withdrawn,  the  historian  is  again 
surrounded  with  the  darkness  of  primeval  antiquity.  Camden,  Horsley, 
Hodgson,  and  a  few  others,  including  the  author  of  **  The  Roman  "Wall," 
(the  compiler  of  the  Catalogue  under  notice,)  have  rendered  justice  to  these 
memorials ;  but  most  of  the  writers  on  the  early  histoiy  of  this  country 
prove  they  either  have  been  ignorant  of  their  existence,  or  have  under- 
valued them  as  historical  materials,  the  former  of  the  two  suppositions 
being  by  far  the  more  likely  to  be  correct.  The  material  remains  of 
the  Romans  which  are  yet  extant  in  England  and  Scotland  form  a  mass 
of  facts  capable  of  being  moulded  into  matter  for  an  unwritten  chapter  in 

• 

•  "  An  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones 
of  the  Roman  Period  belonging  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.'* 
8vo.,  1857. 


I860.]  Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones.  247 

the  history  of  our  native  land  ;  and  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, and  to  Dr.  Bruce,  great  credit  is  due  for  gathering  to- 
gether and  publishing  in  so  useful  a  form  this  valuable  class  of  the  monu- 
ments of  their  district. 

The  sculptures  and  inscriptions  to  which  their  Catalogue  is  a  guide  have 
been  brought  to  light  at  various  times  along  the  line  of  the  great  Roman 
Wall  which  extended  from  Wallsend  on  the  Tyne,  to  Bowness  on  the 
Solway,  a  distance  estimated  at  about  sixty-eight  miles.  They  have  been 
procured  chiefly  from  the  great  stations  {castra)  which  flanked  it  on  the 
southern  side,  and  from  the  smaller  intervening  posts,  the  castella  and 
watch-towers.  Some  have  come  from  the  few  stations  on  the  northern  side 
of  the  Wall.  Almost  in  every  instance  the  exact  spots  on  which  they  were 
found  are  recorded.  On  this  veiification  of  their  respective  discoveries  and 
of  the  circumstances  under  which  they  were  found  depends  much,  if  not  all, 
of  their  interest ;  and  in  this  respect  the  collection  contrasts  most  favour- 
ably with  those  assemblages  of  similar  monuments  the  modern  parentage  of 
which  is  unknown.  If,  for  example,  the  stones  with  dedications  to  Hadrian 
had  been  transported  to  the  south  of  England,  across  the  Channel,  or 
indeed  to  any  place  of  custody,  and  separated  from  their  credentials,  their 
evidence  for  historical  purposes  would  be  worthless.  But  in  the  Newcastle 
museum,  with  authentic  vouchers  for  their  having  been  taken  from  the 
walled  stations  or  forts  annexed  to  the  Wall,  they  become  of  the  highest  im- 
portance in  the  discussion  of  the  question  **  who  built  the  Wall,"  an  inquiry 
not  a  little  perplexing  from  the  conflicting  accounts  which  ancient  historians 
have  given.  Their  statements  are  so  much  at  variance  one  with  the  other, 
that  they  are  only  to  be  reconciled  or  explained  by  these  lapidary  docu- 
ments, which  speak  a  language  intelligible  to  all,  and  come  into  court  as 
witnesses  free  from  suspicion,  and  whose  evidence  is  decisive.  These  stones, 
being  dedications  to  Hadrian,  had  been  inserted  into  the  masonry  of  the 
castella,  and  they  thus  prove  that  Hadrian  built  them ;  and  being  joined  to 
and  engrafted  into  the  great  Wall  itself,  these  castella  also  seem  to  shew 
that  to  Hadrian  must  be  assigned  the  honour  of  the  construction  of  the 
entire  fortification.  In  the  upper  barrier,  called  the  Antonine  Wall,  which 
it  is  certain  was  thrown  up  by  Antoninus  Pius,  similar  inscriptions  abound 
referring  to  this  emperor,  and  not  to  Hadrian.  If  Severus,  as  has  been 
usually  considered,  built  the  great  stone  wall  of  the  lower  barrier,  we 
should  not  have  found  dedications  to  Hadrian  in  the  castella,  which  it  is 
evident  were  contemporaneous  with  the  Wall,  and  which  could  not  have 
stood  without  it. 

For  the  further  consideration  of  this  interesting  question  the  numerous 
inscriptions. of  the  time  of  Severus  and  Caracalla  must  be  examined.  They 
extend  over  the  entire  chain  of  the  Wall  and  its  outworks.  But  while  those 
of  Hadrian  mention  no  re-edifications,  the  memorials  of  the  later  emperors 
constantly  refer  to  reparations  and  reconstructions,  such  as — **The  first 


248  Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones.  [Sept. 

cohort  of  the  Yangiones  restored,  from  the  ground,  this  gate  with  the  walls, 
dilapidated  through  age  ;*'  "  The  second  cohort  of  the  Astures  restored, 
from  the  ground,  the  granary  (of  the  station  -ZEsica),  which,  owing  to  age, 
had  fallen  down."  There  are  many  others,  of  a  very  different  kind,  both  of 
the  time  of  Hadrian  and  of  that  of  Severus,  which  are  also  of  consequence 
to  the  settlement  of  this  disputed  point ;  but  their  testimony  would  have 
been  invalidated  or  weakened  had  not  the  particulars  of  their  discovery 
been  detailed  and  authenticated. 

By  the  same  careful  localisation  of  the  inscriptions  we  are  enabled  to 
identify  the  names  of  the  stations  with  those  assigned  them  in  the  Notitia  ; 
and  know  at  certain  periods  the  names  of  the  troops  by  which  they  were 
garrisoned,  and  some  of  the  public  works  they  constructed :  their  arsenals, 
storehouses,  baths,  and  temples  are  revealed  to  us,  the  remains  of  many  of 
which  may  yet  be  traced  by  those  who  have  had  opportunity  and  taste  to 
study  these  attractive  monuments  where  alone  they  can  be  properly  studied, 
in  their  own  wild  and  romantic  birthplace  and  home.  At  Segedunum,  now 
Wallsend,  we  meet  with  a  cohort  of  the  Lingones,  a  people  of  Gaul  men- 
tioned by  Caesar,  Tacitus,  and  other  ancient  writers.  Other  cohorts  were 
distributed  in  stations  on  the  north  and  south  of  the  Wall.  In  one  instance 
they  are  associated  with  LoUius  Urbicus,  the  legate  of  Antoninus  Pius, 
under  whose  superintendence,  we  learn  from  Capitolinus,  the  upper  barrier, 
or  wall  of  Antonine,  was  constructed.  At  Benwell  and  at  Great  Chesters 
(Condercum  and  -^sica)  we  find  the  Astures,  from  Spain,  precisely  as  they 
are  located  in  the  Notitia,  A  little  further  on,  at  Cilurnum,  (Chesters,) 
an  ala  of  the  same  foreigners  leaves  a  memorial  of  its  having  restored  a 
temple  in  the  reign  of  Elagabalus.  As  it  expressly  states  the  building  had 
become  dilapidated  through  age,  it  must  have  been  built  long  anterior  to 
the  reign  of  Severus.  Here  also  a  tribune  of  the  first  cohort  of  the  Van- 
giones,  from  Belgic  Gaul,  together  with  his  wife,  erected  a  sepulchral  stone 
to  their  daughter ;  and  here,  for  the  first  time,  a  record  of  the  Aquitani 
has  lately  been  discovered.  We  may  here  step  aside  and  refer  to  one  of 
the  very  many  inscriptions  alluded  to  by  Dr.  Bruce  not  in  the  possession  of 
the  antiquaries  of  Newcastle,  but  in  safe  custody,  close  at  hand,  and  acces- 
sible. It  affords  a  striking  illustration  of  their  historical  value,  of  the  im- 
portance  of  preserving  those  discovered,  and  of  the  prospect  of  increasing 
the  collection  by  well-directed  researches ;  while  at  the  same  time  it  proves 
that  the  archaeologist  should  not  restrict  himself  to  the  narrow  home-field 
of  exploration,  but  should  seek  for  and  welcome  information  wherever  it 
may  present  itself. 

Some  years  since  a  long  and  interesting  inscription  was  found  at  Vieux 
in  Normandy,  once  the  capital  of  the  Viducasses.  It  includes  a  copy  of 
a  letter  from  Claudius  Paulinus,  imperial  legate  and  propraetor  of  Britain. 
Now,  until  lately,  no  record  had  been  found  in  England  of  any  propraetor 
of  this  name.  But  the  excavations  made  at  High  Rochester,  on  the  site  of 
3 


I860.]  Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones.  249 

the  station  Bremenium,  disclosed  among  others  an  inscription  record* 
ing  the  dedication  to  Elagabalus  of  a  hallistariumy  by  a  cohort  of  the 
Varduli,  during  the  proprsetorship  of  Tiberius  Claudius  Paulinus,  unques- 
tionably the  same  person  who  is  mentioned  so  conspicuously  in  the  Yieux 
monument  *. 

At  Procolitia  the  Batavi  who  acted  so  important  a  part  in  Britain  under 
Agricola  have  lefl  their  name,  in  the  reign  of  Maximinus ;  and  there  we  find 
them  when  the  Notitia  was  compiled,  tUtra  Arcadii  Honoriique  tempora. 
More  numerous  are  the  inscriptions  relating  to  their  colleagues  the  Tungri, 
at  Housesteads,  which  Dr.  Stukely  called  "  the  Tadmor  of  Britain."  At 
the  next  station.  Little  Chesters,  a  close  correspondence  continues  between 
the  garrisons  mentioned  in  inscriptions  and  their  names  as  placed  in  the 
Notitia.  But  further  on,  at  Caervoran,  (Magna,)  we  observe  the  Hamii, 
archers,  who  are  not  mentioned,  or  at  least  not  so  designated,  by  ancient 
writers.  They  set  up  an  altar  to  Fortune  for  the  health  of  Lucius  iElius, 
the  adopted  son  of  Hadrian.  Hodgson  very  rationally  considered  they 
were  from  Apameia,  in  Syria.  This  city  in  the  middle  ages  was  called 
Fdmieh,  which  is  an  approach  to  what  we  may  well  believe  the  popular 
pronunciation  of  the  word  by  the  Roman  auxiliaries.  Hodgson's  conjecture 
is  further  supported  by  the  mention  in  the  Notitia  of  the  first  cohort  of  the 
Apameni,  which  was  quartered  in  Egypt.  The  next  great  station,  Am- 
boglanna,  has  furnished  no  less  than  between  thirty  and  forty  inscriptions 
commemorative  of  the  Dacians  sumamed  iEIian  from  Hadrian ;  and  Tetri- 
cian  from  Tetricus,  who  was  invested  with  the  imperial  attributes  and 
power  by  the  army  in  Gaul  and  Britain.  In  the  stations  further  to  the 
west  are  found  Yarduli,  Nervii,  Gauls,  Spaniards,  and  other  auxiliaries  to 
the  regular  British  legions,  shewing  a  vast  numerical  strength  maintained 
in  full  force  over  the  entire  period  of  the  Roman  domination  in  Britain  to 
protect  the  province  against  the  barbarians  of  the  North.  The  expence  of 
this  permanent  military  occupation  must  have  been  enormous ;  and  from  it 
we  can  form  an  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  yearly  exports  to  Rome  which 
compensated  the  imperial  government  for  such  gigantic  exertions  and  sacri- 
fices. The  native  British  states  to  the  south  of  the  Wall,  it  must  be  under- 
stood, were,  however,  in  a  state  of  voluntary  subjection  or  alliance ;  and  we 
find  some  of  them,  on  the  authority  of  the  same  lapidary  evidence,  con- 
tributing their  share  in  the  labour  of  building  the  great  mural  barrier. 

The  religious  feelings  of  a  population  composed  of  elements  so  widely 
different,  but  amalgamated  and  kept  in  harmony  by  Roman  discipline, 
may  naturally  be  expected  to  take  a  motley  hue;  and  as  the  Roman 
governors  tolerated  all  forms  of  worship,  we  find  the  widest  latitude  pre- 
vailed.    Every  nation  or  people  worshipped  its  favourable  deity;   every 


^  Collectanea  Antiqaa,  vol.  iL  p.  92 ;  and  Archseologia  ^liana,  new  series,  vol.  i. 
p.  78. 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  g  g 


250  Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones.  [Sept. 

individual  was  free  to  make  his  own  selection ;  and,  accordingly,  every- 
where the  inscriptions  reflect  a  luxuriant  development  of  religious  senti- 
ment in  the  most  capricious  and  diversified  forms.  A  military  tribune  ex- 
presses his  creed  in  iambics  which  are  rendered  as  follows : — 

"  The  Virgin  in  her  celestial  seat  overhangs  the  Lion, 
Producer  of  com,  Inventress  of  night.  Foundress  of  cities; 
By  which  functions  it  has  been  our  good  fortune  to  know  the  deities. 
Therefore  the  same  Virgin  is  the  mother  of  the  gods,  is  Peace,  is  Virtue,  is  Ceres. 
Is  the  Syrian  goddess,  poising  life  and  laws  in  a  balance. 
The  constellation  beheld  in  the  sky  hath  Syria  sent  forth 
To  Lybia  to  be  worshipped ;  thenoe  have  all  of  us  learnt  it: 
Thus  hath  understood,  overspread  by  thy  protecting  influence, 
Marcus  Cs^cilius  Donatinus,  a  war-faring 
Tribune  in  the  office  q/"  prefect,  by  the  bounty  of  the  emperor." 

This  was  discovered  at  the  station  where  the  Hamii  from  Syria  were 
quartered,  and  where  an  inscription  to  the  goddess  Hamia  was  found,  which 
was  communicated  to  our  Magazine  above  a  century  ago°.  If  we  admit  that 
the  Hamii  were  from  Apameia,  it  is  easy  to  understand  the  name  of  this 
Syrian  divinity,  and  why  her  altar  was  set  up  at  Magna.  The  worship  of 
another  Eastern  deity,  Mithras,  had  also  become  popular  in  the  north  of 
Britain,  as  numerous  inscriptions  testify,  as  well  as  the  remains  of  temples 
and  sculptured  representations  of  the  symbols  and  personifications  under 
which  the  mysteries  of  the  deity  were  placed  before  the  eye  of  the  multi- 
tude. Still  more  popular  was  the  worship  of  the  mother  goddesses  {JDece 
matrea)  under  a  variety  of  forms,  sometimes  sumamed  from  places  and 
countries,  and  not  unfrequently  addressed  as  the  Domestic  Mothers ;  nor 
must  we  lose  sight  of  the  remarkable  altar  (in  the  cellar  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries)  inscribed  lamiis  tribvs,  **  to  the  three  Lamiae,"  found  at 
Benwell.  It  is  curious,  also,  to  see  that  while  the  higher  divinities  are 
recognised,  they  are  associated  with  a  host  of  subordinate  gods  and  god- 
desses named  obviously  from  localities,  but  some  of  which  it  is  dificult  to 
identify  or  appropriate. 

No  traveller  who  journeys  to  Italy  through  France,  and  in  his  road 
examines  the  monuments  of  antiquity,  can  fail  to  observe  the  gradual 
increase  of  inscriptions  and  sculptures  shewing  the  progressive  spread  of 
Christianity  towards  the  north  of  Europe.  But  he  will  only  detect  these 
peculiar  evidences  after  he  has  crossed  the  Channel.  Dr.  Bruce  remarks 
that ''  we  are  surprised  to  find  no  trace  of  Christianity  in  the  lapidarian 
treasure-house  of  the  castle  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Many  of  the  altars, 
judging  from  the  rudeness  of  their  style  and  the  character  of  their  lettering, 
belong  to  the  latest  period  of  Roman  occupation.  Judging  from  the  evi- 
dence before  us,  it  would  appear  that,  although  Christianity  may  have  been 
introduced  into  this  island  in  the  apostolic  age,  or  very  soon  after,  it  was 
long  before  the  whole  mass  of  the  people,  at  least  in  these  Northern  parts, 

<  See  Gsirx.  Mag.,  March,  1752,  p.  108. 


I860.]  Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones.  251 

were  leavened  with  the  vitalizing  principles  of  the  Gospel.  The  struggle 
between  light  and  darkness  prevailed  long  before  it  was  fully  day." 

The  inscribed  and  sculptured  Homan  stones  already  collected  in  the 
museum  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  amount  to  162.  But  it  must  not  be 
supposed  that  they  comprise  all  which  are  yet  extant  from  the  line  of  the 
great  Wall.  Very  many  more  are  preserved  in  private  custody  in  North- 
umberland and  in  the  adjoining  counties,  while  some  have  been  transported 
to  distant  places ;  and  not  a  few,  it  is  feared,  in  times  past  have  been  dis- 
sociated from  the  locality  and  from  all  record  of  their  discovery.  Although 
those  in  existence  and  accessible  with  some  little  trouble  must  amount  to 
some  hundreds,  they  can  be  but  a  small  portion  of  the  original  number. 
The  work  of  their  destruction  began  at  an  early  period,  and  for  many 
centuries  they  shared  the  fate  of  the  Wall  itself,  and  were  broken  up  to 
help  build  churches  and  houses,  and  to  serve  the  various  purposes  for 
which  hewn  stone  is  useful.  Even  almost  down  to  the  present  day  these 
last  strongholds  of  Roman  power  in  Britain  were  resorted  to  as  convenient 
quarries  by  the  village  mason,  and  by  farmers  for  draining  and  walling. 
We  read  of  inscribed  mile-stones  cut  in  two  to  form  gate-posts,  of  altars 
cut  in  halves  to  form  stepping-stones^  of  dedications  degraded  to  the  ser- 
vice of  the  farm-house,  and  imperial  memorials  doing  a  debased  duty  in 
pig-styes.  The  wonder  is,  indeed,  that  so  many  have  survived  through  so 
many  centuries,  so  many  sources  of  mutilation  and  destruction.  Something 
is  due  to  the  material  itself,  which  was  selected  with  judgment  and  a  per- 
fect knowledge  of  its  capacity  for  duration ;  not  indiscriminately,  as  in 
after  ages. 

But  the  historical  student,  and  all  those  who  can  properly  estimate  the 
extrinsic  value  of  these  stones,  have  yet  much  to  hope  for.  They  may  be 
assured  that  others,  and  many  others,  remain  yet  entombed  in  and 
around  the  stations  which  have  remained  desolate,  and  the  ruins  of  which 
have  been  concealed  by  the  accumulated  earth  of  ages  from  the  eye  and 
hand  of  man.  The  excavations  made  at  High  Bochester  by  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland,  at  Chesters  and  at  Housesteads  by  Mr.  John  Clayton, 
and  at  Birdoswald  by  Mr.  Potter,  have  led  to  the  discovery  of  some  of  the 
most  perfect  and  most  valuable  inscriptions  and  sculptures,  and  justify  the 
conviction  that  in  many  of  the  unexplored  stations  similar  remains  lie 
buried  to  reward  (may  it  be  at  no  distant  day)  the  patriotic  exertions  of 
some  zealous  and  intelligent  investigator.  The  entire  district  of  the  Wall, 
from  sea  to  sea,  is  fertile  in  subterranean  antiquities.  It  is  the  very  ground 
upon  which  the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  with  the  best  of  feeling,  invited 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  to  place  itself  at  the  head  of  researches  the  ex- 
pense of  which  was  to  be  defrayed  by  his  Grace.  This  munificent  offer 
never  even  reached  the  body  of  the  Society ;  it  expired  abortive  in  the 
Council-room.  But  far  better,  in  such  cases,  is  individual  action,  when 
directed  by  intelligence  as  well  as  by  perseverance  and  enthusiasm :  in  the 


253  Heraldry  founded  on  Facts.  [Sept. 

many,  too,  are  conflicting  interests,  opposing  opinions,  and  the  deadweight 
of  apathy  dragging  upon  the  quick  spirit  of  action  which  prompts  the 
unshackled  mind  and  keeps  it  steadily  to  its  purpose. 

We  cannot  take  leave  of  this  unpretending  Catalogue  of  fifty  pages 
without  commending  the  pains  hestowed  upon  it  hy  its  learned  editor,  who 
has  so  well  qualified  himself  for  the  task.  It  is  with  mubh  pleasure  we 
are  given  to  understand  that  a  more  extensive  list  is  heing  compiled  by 
him,  including  the  whole  of  the  inscriptions  discovered  in  the  Wall  district, 
some  of  which  have  never  yet  been  pubHshed. 


HERALDRY  FOUiraED  ON  FACTS ». 

Some  nine  years  ago  Mr.  Planch^,  then  a  Pursuivant  of  Arms  of  his 
own  creation,  as  he  frankly  owned,  published  an  amusing  if  not  useful 
book,  in  which  he  endeavoured  to  establish  as  facts,  (1.)  "  that  Heraldry 
appears  as  a  science  at  the  commencement  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and 
that  though  armorial  bearings  had  been  in  existence  undoubtedly  for  some 
time  previous,  no  precise  date  has  yet  been  discovered  for  their  first  as- 
sumption ;"  (2.)  *'  that  in  their  assumption  the  object  of  the  assumers  was, 
not,  as  it  has  been  so  generally  asserted  and  believed,  to  record  any 
achievement  or  to  symbolize  any  virtue  or  qualification,  but  simply  to  dis- 
tinguish their  persons  and  properties ;  to  display  their  pretensions  to  certain 
honours  or  estates;  attest  their  aUiances  or  acknowledge  their  feudal 
tenures ;"  (3)  that  legends  giving  the  origin  of  certain  coats  of  arms  are 
inventions  of  a  late  period ;  and  (4)  that  the  real  value  of  heraldry  is 
confined  to  its  use  as  a  help  to  genealogical  investigations.  He  has 
since  become  a  member  of  Heralds'  College,  and  though  his  theory  has 
not  the  sanction  of  the  head  of  the  Corporation,  nor  much  acceptance 
elsewhere,  he  adheres  to  it,  in  all  its  branches.  He  has  lately  issued  a 
new  edition  of  his  work,  in  which  he  has  availed  himself  of  the  hints  of  a 
**  courteous  critic"  in  the  "  Journal  of  the  Archseological  Institute"  for 
March,  1852,  to  supply  some  deficiencies,  as  well  as  to  add  such  informa- 
tion as  his  own  inquiries  have  since  supplied  him  with.  The  work,  too, 
has  a  showy  coloured  frontispiece  representing  the  Garter  plate  of  John, 
duke  of  Somerset,  from  St.  George's,  Windsor,  which  strikes  us  as  more 
trim  and  shapely  than  the  original,  but  we  speak  under  coirection,  from 
memory  only. 

Among  the  additions,  we  notice  remarks  on  Tinctures,  exculpating  Tenni 
from  the  charge  of  being  a  mark  of  shame ;  a  dissertation  on  Marks  of 
Cadency;  an  expression  of  opinion  on  the  origin  of  Quartering;  and  a 
defence  of  his  heresy,  as  we  conceive,  regarding  Richard,  earl  of  Cornwall 
and  Poitou.  We  have  described  the  arms  of  this  prince  as  consisting 
of  the  bezants  of  Cornwall  borne  as  a  border  to  Poitou  ^,  in  accordance 
with  the  view  of  Sandford,  and  we  are  not  shaken  in  our  faith  by  being 
again  told  that  the  "  bezants'*  were  not  bezants  at  all,  but  peas,  (poix,)  the 
arms  of  PoictoM. 

•  "The  Pursuivant  of  Arms;  or  Heraldry  founded  on  Facts.     By  J.  R.  Planch #, 
Roui^e  Croix.    New  edition,  with  Additions  and  Corrections."    (London  :  Hardwick.) 
^  GsKT.  AUG.,  Jan.  1860,  p.  12. 


I860.]  253 


^nttquartan  anti  Hiteratj)  J^ntelltjacnrer* 


[^OorretpondeiUs  ctre  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  hut  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Qentlbman's  Magazikb  containing 
their  Communications  mag  beforuxirded  to  them.^ 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

June  21.     Eabl  Stanhope,  President,  in  the  chair. 

Through  the  courtesy,  on  the  one  hand,  of  the  various  city  companies 
and  aldermen  hereafter  enumerated,  and  through  the  exertions  on  the 
other  hand  of  the  Director,  and  of  Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.  M.P.,  W.  S. 
Walford,  Esq.  and  J.  J.  Howard,  Esq.  Fellows  of  the  Society,  the 
apartments  of  the  Society  presented  this  evening  a  spectacle  of  unusual 
brilliancy,  and  an  assemblage  of  unusual  magnitude.  According  to  notice 
previously  given,  the  exhibition  made  this  evening  was  to  consist  of  **  Plate, 
and  other  objects  of  interest*'  belonging  to  various  city  companies,  and  to 
the  wards  of  the  city  of  London.  The  companies  which  responded  to  the 
appeal  made  to  them  on  behalf  of  the  Society  were  the  Worshipful  Com- 
panics  of  Armourers  and  Braziers,  of  Carpenters,  of  Plasterers,  and  of  Wax- 
chandlers.  The  exhibition  made  by  each  and  all  of  these  companies  would 
have  been  of  little  interest,  and  of  less  use,  if  it  had  not  been  illustrated  by 
the  very  valuable  remarks  of  Mr.  Octavius  Morgan,  M.P.,  F.S.A.,  which 
gave  as  complete  a  running  commentary  on  the  objects  exhibited  as  was 
compatible  with  the  narrow  limits  of  time  and  the  wide  range  of  subjects 
at  Mr.  Morgan's  disposal.  The  Worshipful  Company  of  Armourers  would 
seem,  as  Mr.  Morgan  remarked,  to  have  buckled  on  their  armour  to  some 
purpose,  possessing  as  they  do  an  unusually  large  quantity  of  plate  anterior 
to  the  Restoration,  a  fact  of  rare  occurrence.  Among  the  more  interesting 
articles  sent  by  them  to  Somerset  House  may  be  mentioned  a  mazer-bowl 
given  to  the  Company  between  the  years  1460  and  1483  by  Evererd  Frere. 
The  bowl  bore  inscriptions  round  the  edge,  the  foot,  the  four  lateral  bands, 
and  in  the  interior. 

In  the  course  of  some  remarks  on  the  use  of  wooden  bowls  generally, 
Mr.  MoBGAN  stated  that  the  word  mazer  meant  **  speckled,"  (from  the  fact 
of  such  bowls  being  generally  made  of  the  speckled  knots  of  maple-wood,) 
and  was  etymologically  the  same  word  as  "  measles/'  so-called  from  the 


254  Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer.  [Sept. 

at)pearance  presented  by  the  skin.     Another  curious  cup  and  cover,  given 

by  John  Richmond  about  1560,  bore  the  following  inscription : — 

i|i  pra  for  John  Richmond  Jentylman  Cetisn  and 

Armerar  of  London  and  Erne  and  Jesabel  hb  wyves. 

Other  cups  bore  the  dates  of  "before  1560,"  1574,  "before  1581," 
1581,  1598,  "before  1598,"  1604,  1608,  1621,  1622,  1626,  1631,  1633, 
1648,  1665,  1673,  1698.  They  were  composed  of  a  mazer-bowl  (as 
named  above),  three  tankards,  eleven  cups  and  covers,  seventeen  miscel- 
laneous cups,  one  nut,  one  owl-pot,  and  one  pot  parcel-gilt.  Along  with 
these  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Armourers  exhibited  one  salt  and  cover  of 
extreme  beauty,  twenty-five  ancient  spoons,  one  head  of  beadle's  staff,  the 
forbidden  gauntlet  (temp.  Henry  VIIL),  a  grant  of  arms  and  nine  ancient 
deeds,  of  which  four  dated  from  Edward  III.,  one  from  Richard  II.,  one 
from  Henry  V.,  two  from  Edward  IV.,  and  one  from  Henry  YII. 

The  Worshipful  Company  of  Carpenters  exhibited  four  beautiful  silver-gilt 
cups  and  covers  given  to  that  Company  by  sundry  masters  and  wardens  in 
the  years  1611,  1612,  and  1628.  Some  amusement  was  excited  by  the 
exhibition  of  a  posset-cup  belonging  to  the  same  Company,  the  purposes 
for  which  such  a  cup  could  have  been  intended  not  being  readily  apparent. 
From  the  same  quarter  came  four  of  the  caps  technically  called  *'  garlands," 
which  were  worn  by  the  masters  and  wardens,  and  which  bore  the  date  of 
1561.  A  grant  of  arms  by  William  Hawkeslowe  Clarencieux,  dated  Nov* 
24,  6  Edw.  IV. ;  a  court  book,  commencing  in  the  year  1533 ;  a  head  of 
beadle's  staff,  dated  1725,  and  an  ancient  oak  carving,  with  date  1579  and 
the  name  and  device  of  Thomas  Harper,  Master  in  that  year,  completed 
the  list  of  objects  exhibited  by  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Carpenters* 

The  Worshipful  Company  of  Ironmongers  contributed,  as  their  share  of 
the  exhibition,  a  pair  of  reversed  hour-glass  salt-cellars  of  the  early  part 
of  the  sixteenth  century;  a  silver-gilt  tankard;  a  loving  cup,  bearing  the 
arms  of  Lane ;  a  flat  saucer-shaped  mazer-bowl,  with  a  silver-gilt  rim 
bearing  an  inscription  in  honour  of  the  Blessed  Virgin ;  a  cocoa-nut  cup 
fitted  as  a  hanap;  the  state-pall,  or  herse-cloth  of  the  company;  the 
master's  garland,  with  the  arms  and  crest  of  the  company  beautifully 
enamelled  ;  and  a  collection  of  old  deeds,  among  which  was  a  charter  from 
Edward  IV.  Along  with  these  objects  of  older  date  was  exhibited  a  work 
of  by  no  means  inferior  interest, — to  wit,  the  first  and  third  volumes  of  the 
manuscript  of  the  History  of  the  Company,  by  John  Nicholl,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
It  is  of  this  MS.  that  the  published  volume  is  an  epitome  ;  the  latter,  how- 
ever, gives  but  a  very  feeble  idea  of  the  extraordinary  industry  and  taste 
which  its  author  has  displayed. 

The  Worshipful  Company  of  Plasterers  submitted  for  exhibition  a  silver 
cup  with  two  handles,  the  Company's  arms  embossed  thereon ;  another 
silver  cup,  the  gift  of  the  lute  Alderman  Kelly ;  a  silver  pint  mug ;  a  small 
silver  bowl;  a  silver  bell  dated  1647;  two  ancient  dessert  spoons;  the 


I860.]  Society  of  Antiquaries.  255 

arms  of  the  Company  in  silver,  surmounted  by  the  Holy  Virgin  and  Child ; 
and  a  grant  of  arms,  dated  1546. 

The  Worshipful  Company  of  Waxchandlers  exhibited  a  charter  dated 
1483,  1st  Richard  III. ;  a  grant  of  arms  dated  February,  1484;  another 
grant  of  arms  dated  1536;  a  silver  spoon  dated  1653;  and  a  grace-cup 
and  cover  presented  to  the  Company  in  1683. 

Numerous  as  are  the  objects  which  have  been  named  above,  they  do  not 
complete  the  list  of  treasures  displayed  this  evening  at  the  Society's  apart- 
ments. With  one  or  two  exceptions  all  the  aldermen  of  the  twenty-six 
wards  of  the  city  of  London  favoured  the  Society  with  the  loan  of  the 
maces  belonging  to  their  respective  wards.  It  was  probably  the  first  time 
these  maces  had  found  themselves  lying  together  on  the  same  table,  and 
for  aught  we  know  it  may  be  the  last.  Nor  was  this  all :  with  a  courtesy 
which  every  Fellow  of  the  Society  could  not  fail  to  appreciate,  the  Lord 
Mayor  kindly  allowed  the  corporation  mace — a  very  giant  among  pigmies 
— to  be  exhibited  along  with  the  mace  belonging  to  his  own  individual 
ward.  The  mayoralty  mace,  of  the  time  of  George  XL,  now  about  120 
years  old,  received  special  commendation :  Mr.  Morgan  referred  to  it  as 
perhaps  the  finest  example  of  the  kind  either  in  ancient  or  modern  plate 
existing  at  the  present  day.  The  Carpenters'  mace  he  also  noticed  as  a 
fine  work  of  art.  Several  of  the  City  Ward  maces  he  stated  were  the  work 
of  Paul  Lemere,  a  celebrated  goldsmith.  The  most  ancient  in  fashion  were 
those  with  a  simple  coronal  without  a  raised  crown  at  the  top,  but  this  is 
not  an  infallible  test,  as  at  the  Restoration,  when  the  arched  crown  was 
first  used,  several  of  the  old  City  maces  received  that  addition.  The 
Aldersgate  mace  was  singular  in  its  construction,  as  it  unscrewed,  and 
formed  a  loving  cup  on  festive  occasions.  We  should  not  omit  stating 
that  the  wards  of  Aldersgate  and  of  Bassishaw  exhibited  each  of  them 
a  cup  of  exquisite  beauty. 

We  regret  that  we  are  unable  to  give  more  than  this  hasty  enumeration. 
Mr.  Morgan's  remarks,  having  been  delivered  on  the  spur  of  the  moment, 
needed  the  pen  of  a  short-hand  writer  for  their  preservation.  We  can  but 
say  they  were  well  worth  preserving.  It  only  remains  to  add  that  special 
thanks  were  returned  by  the  Society  for  the  kind  courtesy  with  which 
these  Companies  and  Aldermen  of  the  city  of  London  had  responded  to  the 
appeal*     The  session  could  not  have  closed  under  more  brilliant  auspices. 


256 


[Sept. 


CONGRESS  OF  THE  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE 

AT  GLOUCESTER. 

July  11  to  24. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Institute  was  held  this  year  at  Gloucester, 
under  the  presidency  of  Lord  Talbot  db  Malahide.  The  patrons  were 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Gloucestersliire  (Earl  Ducie)  and  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Gloucester  and  Bristol.  The  Rev.  C.  Y.  Crawley  acted  as  Secretary  to 
the  Local  Committee,  of  which  the  Mayor  of  Gloucester  was  Chairman. 

A  temporary  Museum  was  formed  in  the  College  School,  under  the  care 
of  Mr.  A.  W.  Franks,  and  gave  much  satisfaction  to  all  visitors. 

On  the  walls  of  the  chapter-house  of  the  cathedral  up\^ards  "of  100 
ruhhings  of  monumental  hrasses,  illustrative  of  the  changes  of  costume* 
&c.,  of  the  middle  ages,  were  exhibited  by  the  Rev.  H.  Haines.  One  side 
of  the  room  was  devoted  to  examples  from  Gloucestershire. 

The  attendance  on  the  Congress  was  good,  particularly  of  archaeologists 
from  somewhat  distant  quarters,  but  it  comprised  hardly  so  many  of  the 
local  clergy  and  gentry  as  had  been  expected. 


Tuesday t  July  17.    OpEwnro  Meeting. 

The  President  took  the  chair  at  the 
Com  Exchange,  where  the  Institute  was 
cordially  welcomed  by  the  Mayor  and 
Corporation,  the  Lord  Bishop,  and  the 
High  Sheriff;  Captain  Guise,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Cotteswold  Naturalists*  Field 
Club,  invited  them  to  join  the  body  over 
which  he  presided  in  an  excursion  to 
Chepstow  and  its  vicinity,  and  Mr.  Gam- 
bier  Parry  requested  them  to  meet  hig 
guest  the  Bishop  at  Highnam  Court. 

The  noble  Chairman,  after  acknowledg- 
ing the  congratulations  which  had  been 
given,  said  it  was  clear  if  persons  wished 
to  have  any  but  a  superficial  knowledge 
of  our  history  and  the  manners  of  the 
past,  they  must  to  some  degpree  be  archo)- 
ologists.  Old  coins  bad  often  afforded 
most  important  evidence,  and  subjects  of 
chronology  and  history  had  often  been 
verified  by  tbeir  means,  though  at  one 
time  it  was  the  fashion  to  ridicule  them 
and  treat  them  with  contempt.  The 
High  Sheriff  and  other  gentlemen  had 
referred  to  the  richness  of  this  county 
and  city  in  objects  of  archaoologicul  in- 

4 


terest ;  and  it  required  only  a  inperficial 
knowledge  of  local  antiquities  to  be  aware 
that  no  county  possessed  more  interesting 
remains,  whether  of  the  Roman  oceapa- 
tion  or  of  the  works  of  our  medisBval 
ancestors.  The  county  of  Gloucester  was 
also  connected  with  many  most  interest- 
ing  families  in  our  feudal  records;  and  he 
hoped  some  interesting  papers  would  be 
read  illustrating  the  domestic  manners  of 
those  times.  Reference  bad  been  made  to 
the  restorations  going  on  at  the  cathe- 
dral ;  and  the  labours  of  the  arcbsologist 
were  no  doubt  of  the  greatest  possible 
value  in  guiding  the  hand  of  the  artist  in 
restoring  those  parts  of  an  ancient  build- 
ing which  time  or  neglect  had  brought  to 
ruin,  and  he  trusted  this  assistance  would 
be  given  to  the  fullest  extent  in  carrying 
out  the  restorations.  From  what  be  had 
seen  they  appeared  to  have  been  done 
most  judiciously.  There  was  the  greatest 
necessity  for  care  in  what  were  called  re- 
storations, many  of  which  he  feared  were 
done  so  recklessly  as  to  destroy  all  evi- 
dence of  ancient  art,  and  to  mingle  the 
modem  with  the  ancient  in  such  a  man- 
ner, that  the  building  became  little  more 


I860.] 


Archaeological  Ittttitute,  Qloucesteri 


257 


than  a  modem  one.  He  trusted,  how- 
ever, a  better  spirit  was  now  come  over 
ns.  He  next  referred  to  the  project  which 
it  was  said  the  chapter  of  Worcester  en- 
tertained of  removing  the  Ouesten  Hall, 
one  of  the  most  venerable  buildings  at- 
tached to  the  cathedral  of  that  city,  which 
he  denonnoed,  and  expressed  a  hope  that 
the  hand  of  the  vandal  would  be  stayed. 

Mr.  Freeman  then  made  some  remarks 
on  the  architectural  antiquities  of  Glouces- 
ter and  Qloucestershire,  preparatory  to  an 
examination  of  the  smaller  buildings  of 
the  city.  The  county,  he  said,  speaking 
more  particularly  of  the  parts  south  of 
Qloucester,  as  best  known  to  himself,  is 
remarkable  for  the  great  variety  to  be 
found  in  its  buildings.  There  is  not,  as 
in  some  districts,  any  one  prevalent  style, 
but  there  is  abundance  of  gfood  work  of 
all  dates.  The  excursions  of  the  Institute 
would  doubtless  give  the  members  an  op- 
portunity of  seeing  some  of  the  most  re- 
markable examples,  such  as  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  Church  at  Deerhurst,  unique  as  a 
dated  and,  he  believed,  undisputed  exam- 
ple of  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Confessor, 
the  small  Norman  conventual  Church  of 
Leonard  Stanley,  the  beautiful  series  of 
Early  English  capitals  at  Berkeley  and 
Slymbridge,  and  the  Decorated  work  in 
the  castle  at  Beverston.  The  Transitional 
and  Early  English  work  in  this  county  is 
often  of  a  peculiar  character  common  to 
Gloucestershire  with  the  neighbouring  dis- 
tricts of  Somersetshire  and  South  Wales. 
This  can  nowhere  be  better  studied  than 
at  Slymbridge,  a  visit  to  which  place  might 
almost  serve  as  a  substitute  for  a  visit  to 
Llandaff.  Decorated  work  is  common,  and 
is  often  of  a  rich  sort  adorned  with  ball- 
flower,  as  in  the  south  aisle  of  Gloucester 
Cathedral.  In  the  southern  part  of  the 
county  the  Perpendicular  often  approaches 
to  the  character  of  the  variety  usual  in 
Somersetshire,  but  it  seldom  fully  equfds 
the  best  examples  in  that  county.  In  the 
dty  of  Gloucester  the  Perpendicular  is  of 
another  kind  and  is  very  inferior.  The 
speaker  then  went  on  to  his  more  imme- 
diate subject,  the  smaller  ecclesiastical 
remains  in  the  city. 

Gekt.  Mao.  Yok.  CCIX. 


The  city  of  Gloucester  was  rich  in  mo-' 
nastic  establishments.  Besides  the  great 
mitred  abbey  of  St.  Peter,  which  would 
be  folly  explained  by  Professor  Willis, 
there  was  the  Priory  of  St.  Oswald,  of 
which  he  believed  no  traces  remained,  in 
the  city,  and  the  Priory  of  Llanthony  in 
its  immediate  neighbourhood.  The  pro- 
gramme which  had  been  put  forth  spoke 
of  the  "  picturesque  ruins"  of  Llanthony 
Priory.  In  this  he  could  not  hdp  think- 
ing there  was  some  little  confusion  be* 
tween  the  Gloucester  Llanthony  and  the 
original  Llanthony  in  Monmouthstlure.  Of 
the  latter  indeed  most  truly  "  picturesque 
ruins"  remain,  but,  placed  as  they  are  in  a 
deep  gorg^  of  the  Black  Mountain,  they 
hardly  come  within  the  scope  of  a  Glouces- 
ter meeting,  though  they  ought  to  fbrm 
a  prindpal  object  in  one  held  at  Aberga* 
venny  or  Hereford.  But  at  the  Glouces- 
ter Llanthony  there  was  really  nothing 
amotmting  to  "picturesque  ruins;"  all 
traces  of  the  church  and  the  other  prindpal 
buildings  had  vanished;  there  were  merely 
a  fragment  of  a  gateway  and  the  ruins  of 
an  ancient  bam,  well  worthy  of  study  by 
any  who  are  particularly  interested  in 
bams,  but  to  which  he  should  not  propose 
to  lead  the  whole  of  the  company.  The 
history  of  Llanthony  is  very  singular. 
The  original  house  in  the  Marches  of 
Wales  was  founded  in  1108  ;  but  the 
brethren  disliked  their  solitary  and  deso- 
late position,  exposed  to  the  inroads  of  the 
wild  Welshmen,  and  in  1136  the  Glouces- 
ter Llanthony  was  founded,  to  which  the 
original  house  in  Monmouthshire  became 
subordinate,  and  was  at  last  altogether 
united  to  it  in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  • 

Of  the  existing  minor  remains  at  Glou- 
cester by  fkr  the  most  important  are  the 
portions  still  remaining  of  the  monasteries 
of  the  Grey  and  Black  Friars.  The  churches 
of  the  mendicant  orders  form  a  class  by 
themselves,  widely  differing  both  from 
paroclual  churches  and  fVom  those  of  the 
elder  monasteries.  These  orders  arose  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  and  were  perhaps 
the  most  important  instance  of  that  power 
of  **  rejuvenescence,"  as  it  has  been  oalledf 


*  See  ArehtBoloffia  Cktmbrenns,  1855,  p.  108. 

Hh 


258 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


in  the  monastic  system,  which,  whenever 
existing  orders  were  becoming  rich,  idle, 
and  useless,  was  sore  to  produce  new  ones, 
in  the  fervour  of  youth,  to  do  the  work 
which  they  were  beginning  to  neglect. 
Such  a  movement  produced  the  Cister- 
cians in  the  twelfth  century,  the  Jesuits 
in  the  sixteenth,  and  the  Franciscans  and 
Dominicans  in  the  thirteenth.  They  pro- 
fessed, and  in  their  first  stage  they  prac- 
tised, a  far  more  rigid  and  mortified  life 
than  the  elder  monks,  including  entire 
abnegation  of  all  property  for  the  corpora- 
tion as  well  as  for  the  individual,  and 
especial  devotion  to  the  duty  of  preaching. 
Their  houses  and  churches,  as  might  be 
expected,  difibr  widely  in  their  architec- 
tural character  from  those  of  the  elder 
orders.  The  arrangement  of  the  monastic 
buildings  is  different,  and  the  churches 
follow  a  totally  different  type.  The  sub- 
ject is  a  very  curious  one,  which  Mr. 
Freeman  sud  he  had  never  seen  treated 
elsewhere,  but  to  which  he  had  given  a 
good  deal  of  attention  for  several  years. 
He  had  seen  several  instances  both  in 
England  and  Aquitaine,  but  the  great 
country  for  Friars'  churches  was  Ireland, 
where  a  very  large  number  remain,  as 
also  a  very  large  number  of  snuUl  monas- 
tic churches  of  other  orders  to  contrast 
with  them.  With  a  very  little  attention, 
Mr.  Freeman  said,  the  observer  might 
learn  to  say,  "  This  church  is  Benedictine 
or  Cistercian,"  and  "that  is  Franciscan 
or  Dominican  ;*'  and  he  hoped  that,  with 
farther  study,  he  might  learn  to  do,  what 
as  yet  he  could  not  do,  distinguish  a  Bene- 
dictine church  from  a  Cistercian  and  a 
Franciscan  from  a  Dominican.  As  yet,  he 
must  take  the  elder  and  younger  orders 
respectively  as  two  wholes.  The  churches 
of  the  elder  orders,  he  continued,  though 
differing  infinitely  in  date,  size,  and  rich- 
ness, have  still  much  in  common  among 
themselves.  To  go  no  further,  the  vast 
m^ority  of  them,  great  and  small,  are, 
in  England  and  Ireland  at  least,  cross 
churches  with  central  towers.  There  is  at 
least  thus  much  of  resemblance  between 
the  mitred  abbey  of  Qloucester  and  its 
humble  dependency  at  Leonard  Stanley. 
When  of  any  size,  they  coomionly  have 


regular  aisles  and  clerestory  in  the  nave, 
and,  in  bxuldings  admitting  it,  a  trifo- 
rium;  they  have  also  commonly  regu- 
lar aisles,  sometimes  a  collection  of 
chapels,  about  the  choir.  A  certain 
character  of  dignity  and  massiveness 
commonly  pervades  the  whole  building. 
The  Friars'  churches  are  something  very 
different.  They  are  often  large  and  hand- 
some, but  in  g^und-plan  and  charac- 
ter they  are  utterly  unlike  those  of  the 
elder  houses.  The  church  is  long  and 
narrow;  the  regular  cross  form  does  not 
occur;  the  desecrated  church  called  St. 
Andrew's  Hall,  at  Norwich,  was  the  only 
example  Mr.  Freeman  had  yet  seen  with 
regular  aisles  and  clerestory  to  the  nave, 
and  a  triforium  he  had  never  seen  at  alL 
But  a  single  aisle  or  a  single  transept  is 
very  common,  and  sometimes  the  single 
transept  is  very  large,  especially  in  a  Friary 
at  Kilkenny,  where  the  south  transept, 
now  used  as  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  is 
much  larger  than  the  nave.  The  choir 
seems  to  be  always  without  aisles ;  in  Ire- 
land, as  far  as  Mr.  Freeman  knew,  it  was 
always,  and  in  England  commonly,  flat- 
ended,  but  the  ruined  one  at  Winchelsea 
has  an  apse.  The  original  churches  of  the 
thirteenth  century  were  without  towers, 
and  had  long  unbroken  ranges  of  lancets 
along  both  nave  and  choir.  In  the  four- 
teenth and  fifteenth  centuries  tall,  narrow, 
slender  towers  were  very  commonly  in- 
serted between  the  nave  and  the  choir, 
and  new  churches  were  built  after  the 
same  type,  as  at  Kilconnel,  co.  Galway.  In 
England  the  tower  sometimes  had  a  hex- 
agonal top,  as  the  one  now  standing  soli- 
tary at  King's  Lynn.  At  Norwich  the  ^ 
tower  has  fallen  down,  but  by  putting 
together  the  choir  and  nave  at  Norwich 
and  the  tower  at  Lynn,  the  whole  building 
may  be  recovered.  There  are  other  good 
EngUsh  examples  in  a  desecrated  choir  at 
Chichester,  and  the  present  church  of 
Christ's  College,  Brecon,  but  in  Ireland 
they  are  thick  upon  the  g^round.  Those 
which  Mr.  Freeman  had  seen  in  the  soath 
of  France  resembled  the  English  and  Irish 
examples  in  their  unbroken  length  and  the 
absence  of  reg^ular  aisles  and  transepts,  but 
in  that  country  those  characteristioi  were 


I860.] 


Arclueological  Inttituie,  Gloucester. 


259 


not  distinctive  of  Friars'  churches,  being 
found  also  in  many  cathedral,  parochial, 
and  elder  monastic  boildings.  The  Aqni- 
tauian  examples  also  had,  like  the  other 
French  chorches,  apses  and  yanlted  roofis, 
features  so  rare  in  England,  and  in  Ire* 
land,  it  would  seem,  altogether  unknown. 

The  perambulation  of  the  dty  then  be- 
gan with  a  vint  to  St.  Mary  de  Crypt, 
where  Mr.  Parker  made  some  remarks  on 
the  schoolhouse  attached  to  the  church. 
This  is  of  the  time  of  Henry  Ylir.,  and 
though  not  TOry  remarkable,  is  a  fair  ex- 
ample of  that  period,  and  Mr.  Parker 
said  it  was  too  good  to  be  destroyed,  as 
¥ras  threatened. 

Mr.  Freeman  then  made  some  brief  re- 
marks on  the  church.  It  is  a  cross  church 
of  various  dates,  the  earliest  part  a  Nor- 
man doorway  in  the  west  front,  agreeing 
very  well  with  the  statement  that  it  was 
founded  by  Robert  Chichester,  Bishop  of 
Exeter  from  1128  to  1150.  The  church 
is  remarkable,  as  shewing  how  the  com- 
plete cruciform  effect  maybe  produced, 
where  the  transepts  have  hardly  any  pro- 
jection on  the  ground-plan.  There  is, 
however,  an  unpleasant  want  of  repose 
about  the  building  as  a  whole,  and  the 
tower  especially  seems,  in  the  general 
view  of  the  city,  to  thrust  itself  into  a 
sort  of  vain  rivalry  with  that  of  the  cathe- 
dral. The  arcades  of  the  choir  are  very 
singular,  the  eastern  arch  on  each  side 
being  blank,  and  the  pier  between  the 
other  two  dividing  in  a  strange  way,  (like 
a  T  turned  upside  down,)  to  allow  of  a 
doorway  in  the  stone  screen  on  each  side. 
Something  analogous  may  be  seen  among 
the  various  shifts  by  which  the  vault  is 
introduced  in  the  choir  and  transepts  of 
the  cathedral.  The  mark  of  a  cannon- 
ball  which  struck  the  east  end  of  the 
church  during  the  siege  in  1648,  was 
shewn  by  some  of  the  party,  and  many 
members  expressed  a  wish  to  get  rid  of 
the  monstrous  stove  under  the  central 
tower,  with  which  the  church  is  at  pre- 
sent disfigored. 

The  next  point  was  the  Grey  Friars, 
or  Franciscan  church,  just  east  of  St. 
Mary  de  Crypt.  This  house  was  founded 
by  Thomas^  Lord  Berkeley,  before  the  year 


1268,  but  the  existing  portions  are  all  of 
Perpendicular  date,  and  the  church  and 
other  buildhigs  are  spoken  of  as  having 
been  '*  new  builded"  at  the  time  of  the 
suppression.  Mr.  Freeman  here  shewed 
how  completely  the  building  agreed  with 
the  common  type  of  the  Friars'  churches^ 
and  how  completely  different  it  is  from 
either  a  parish  church  or  a  Benedictine  ab- 
bey. The  nave  and  north  aisle  still  remain, 
though  desecrated,  and  fi^ghtfully  disfi- 
g^ed  by  being  cut  up  into  several  houses. 
They  form  two  perfectly  equal  bodies^ 
with  separate  gables,  of  seven  bays,  with 
large  Perpendicular  windows  between  but- 
tresses, which  must  have  formed  a  most 
noble  rang^.  East  of  the  nave  is  a  very 
small  fragment,  most  probably  part  of  a 
slender  central  tower  between  the  nave 
and  the  chour.  It  could  not  well  be  part 
of  the  choir  itself,  because  it  contains  the 
jamb  of  ,a  window  whose  head  must  have 
gone  far  higher  than  the  walls  of  the 
nave,  and  so  could  hardly  have  been  any- 
where but  in  a  tower.  Also,  just  east  of 
the  arch  into  the  nave,  are  signs  of  a  door- 
way, which  looks  much  more  like  a  tower 
than  a  choir.  The  tower  seems  to  have 
been  vaulted.  Inside  the  houses,  parts  of 
the  old  roof  ^dth  queen-posts,  and  of  the 
arcade,  can  be  made  out,  bnt  they  offer 
nothing  remarkable.  The  cloister  roof 
can  be  traced  on  the  south  side  of  the 
nave,  and  some  of  the  domestic  buildings 
running  parallel  to  the  church  were  re- 
moved only  a  few  years  back. 

Mr.  Freeman  then  led  the  party  to  the 
Black  Friars,  or  Dominican  monastery,  to 
the  west  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt.  Here^ 
though  the  whole  is  sadly  desecrated  and 
mutilated,  the  whole  arrangements  can 
easily  be  made  out,  the'buildings  remain- 
ing on  all  four  sides  of  the  cloister  square. 
The  monastery  was  founded  by  King 
Henry  III.  and  Sir  Stephen  de  Hemes- 
hull,  about  1239,  and  enlarged  in  1290, 
and  work  of  both  dates  remains.  Mr. 
Freeman  said  that  the  church,  which  oc- 
cupies the  north  side  of  the  square,  had 
so  completely  lost  all  ecclesiastical  cha- 
racter, that  be  had  found  several  people 
unwiUing  to  believe  that  it  ever  had  been 
a  church  at  alL   The  building  on  the  west 


060 


Antiquarian  oM  Literary  Intelligencer. 


£Sept, 


side  of  the  square  was  ofken  thought  to 
have  heen  the  church,  bat  it  seemed  rather 
to  have  been  the  refectory.  The  beaatifnl 
triplet  at  the  south  end  had  probably  been 
taken  for  the  east  window.  The  building 
on  the  Boath  side  seemed  to  have  been  the 
dormitory.  These  were  not  the  positions 
which  these  several  buildings  would  have 
in  a  Benedictine  house,  but  probably  the 
Friars  differed  from  the  elder  orders  as 
much  in  the  arrangement  of  their  domes* 
tic  buildings  as  in  the  architecture  of  their 
churches.  That  the  northern  building 
was  the  church  was  evident,  1st,  from  its 
direction  east  and  west ;  2ndly,  from  an 
arch  still  to  be  seen  on  the  south  side* 
evidently  part  of  an  internal .  arcade,  and 
with  the  corbels  of  the  aisle  roof  above  it; 
8rdly,  from  a  piscina  which  might  be  seen 
inside,  seemingly  in  a  small  chapel  formed 
in  the  aisle.  The  present  appearance  of 
the  building  was  owing  to  a  certain  Sir 
Thomas  Bell,  who  obtained  a  grant  of  the 
monasteiy  at  the  Dissolution.  He  im- 
mediately built  himself  a  mansion,  and 
set  up  a  larg^e  factory,  in  which  he  em- 
ployed many  hands.  It  was  clear  that 
Sir  Thomas  formed  his  mansion  out  of  the 
church,  which  he  shortened  at  both  ends, 
and  so  altered  it  in  detail  as  to  give  it  the 
look  of  a  specimen  of  the  domestic  archi- 
tecture of  the  sixteenth  century,  instead 
of  the  ecclesiastical  architecture  of  the 
thirteenth.  A  few  details,  however,  still 
survived,  as  the  original  corbel-table  on 
the  north  side,  and  the  marks  on  the 
south  of  a  window  set  in  a  dormer-gable 
over  the  cloister  roof,  like  those  at  Malmes« 
bury,  Leominster,  and  Brecon. 

Mr.  Parker  then  explained  the  domestic 
buildings,  of  which  we  hope  to  give  some 
account  in  our  next  number;  want  of 
space  compels  us  to  defer  it  for  the  pre- 
sent. 

A  number  of  the  members  were  then 
admitted  by  the  occupant  of  the  church 
into  the  cellar,  which  Mr.  Freeman  had 
not  before  visited,  and  where  further  proof 
of  its  ecclesiastical  character  was  at  once 
found.  The  bases  of  the  pillars  exist  in 
many  places;  but,  unlike  its  Franciscan 
neighbour,  with  its  single  lusle  as  large  as 
the  nave,  it  appears  that  the  Dominican 


church  had  a  narrow  usle  on  each  side* 
It  may  therefore  very  likely  have  had  a 
clerestory,like  St.  Andrew's  Hall,  Norwich. 
The  party  then  went  to  St.  Nicholas 
parish  church,  where  some  remarks  were 
made  by  Mr.  Freeman.  There  is  a  tra- 
dition mentioned  by  Fosbroke,  that  the 
church  was  built  by  King  John.  Part  of  it» 
viz.,  the  south  doorway  and  the  Norman 
pier-arches  in  thtf  western  part,  must  be 
older  than  his  time,  but  the  greater  part 
of  the  building  might  very  weXL  be  work 
of  his  reign;  so  that,  whatever  may  be 
the  evidence  for  the  tradition,  there  Is  at 
least  nothing  mtrinncally  absurd  in  it. 
The  south  aisle  has  a  row  of  Perpen* 
dicular  windows  inserted  in  Early  English 
openings.  Probably  the  original  windows 
were  couplets,  and  the  two  arches  have 
been  thrown  into  one,  using  np  the  old 
moulded  stones,  and  leaving  the  outer 
jamb  on  each  side  untouched.  There  are 
also  some  g^ood  floriated  capitals  of  the 
same  date,  two  very  large  squints  to  the 
high  altar,  and  an  early  western  gallery. 
The  western  tower  has  an  imperfect  spire. 
This  is  not  uncommon  in  Qloucestershire 
and  Somersetshire,  as  at  Minchinhamptmiy 
Tatton,  Shepton-Mallet,  and  St.  Mary 
KedcUffe,  while  Mr.  Freeman  said  he 
knew  of  only  one  example  elsewhere* 
namely,  that  of  Naseby  in  Northampton- 
shire. Sometimes  the  spire  seems  to  have 
been  left  imperfect,  and  sometimes  to 
have  had  the  top  destroyed.  The  latter 
seems  to  have  been  the  case  at  St. 
Nicholas. 

EVEKIKa  MEETIVa. 

This  was  held  in  the  Tolsey,  under  the 
presidency  of  A.  W.  Fsakks,  Esq.  The 
Rev.  W.  C.  Ijukis,  F.S.A.,  read  a  paper  on 
the  Bell-founders  of  Gloucester.  The  Glon- 
eester  bell-foundry,  he  said,  was  in  exist- 
ence so  early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  11., 
and  was  conducted  by  a  master-founder* 
whose  reputation  spread  fiir  and  wide. 
The  monks  of  Ely,  in  the  I9th  Edward 
III.,  sent  for  "  Master  John  of  Glouces- 
ter," to  make  for  them  a  peal  of  four 
monster  bells,  for  the  octagon  lantern, 
then  a  new  feature  in  church  architecture. 
The  tower  in  which  they  were  placed  was 


I860.] 


ArchtBoloffical  Institute,  Gloucester. 


261 


the  work  of  Alan  de  WalsinghaTn,  then 
sacrist,  afterwards  prior.  The  largest  of 
these  bells  weighed  no  less  than  8 
tons  66  lbs.  They  were  cast  by  Mas- 
ter John  at  Ely.  The  collection  fh>m 
long  distances  of  so  large  a  quantity  of 
metal  over  the  bad  roads  of  that  period 
musk  have  been  a  work  of  immense  diffi- 
oolty.  With  aU  oar  grand  ideas  about 
Big  BeaoM,  and  all  the  appliances  of  mo- 
dem days»  we  have  to  sit  at  the  feet  of 
Bueh  a  skilled  master  as  John  of  Gloa- 
oester. 

John  Sandre  succeeded  John  of  Glou- 
cester, and  Mr.  Lukis  said  he  had  little 
doubt  but  that  the  second  bell  of  the 
present  peal  at  the  cathedral,  by  the  in- 
scription which  it  bore,  was  the  work  of 
John  Saodre.  A  seal  bearing  his  name, 
and  a  token  of  his  craft  in  the  shape  of  a 
laver  pot,  surmounted  with  a  bell,  was, 
he  believed,  found  in  the  Thames  some 
years  since.  Mr.  Albert  Way  fixed  its 
date  at  about  1400. 

.  The  next  bell-founder  in  Gloucester  of 
whom  we  had  any  record  was  William 
Henshaw;  and  although  he  had  left  the 
portraitures  of  his  two  wives  in  brass  at 
St.  Michael's  Church,  campanologists  were 
disappointed  at  not  finding  any  effigy  of 
himself. 

A  further  gap  occurred  between  Hen- 
shaw  and  Abraham  Budhall,  whose  fiunily 
for  several  generations  carried  on  the 
business  of  the  foundry.  They  were 
founders  from  about  1626  to  1828,— at 
least  we  met  with  the  initials  A.  K.  in 
1626  and  1640.  About  1828  the  bell- 
founding  ceased  in  that  family,  when  Mr. 
Mears  took  up  the  Gloucester  business. 
l£  the  inscriptions  upon  bells  afford  a 
correct  exponent  of  master-founders'  prin- 
ciples, Gloucester  may  be  proud  of  such 
citizens  as  the  Budhalls,  for  they  appeared 
to  be  well-wishers  of  their  Church,  sove- 
reign, and  country,  and  lovers  of  peace 
and  order.  From  the  inscription  on  the 
first  or  treble  bell  of  8t.  Mary  le  Crypt, 
he  found  that  in  1749  Abraham  Rudhall 
was  the  churchwarden  of  that  parish,  in 
which  year  he  cast  that,  as  well  as  the 
second  bell.  The  paper  concluded  by 
some  remarks  on  the  characteristics  of 


the  age  in  which  our  early  bells  were 
cast,  and  the  loyalty  and  devotion  of  the 
founders.  « 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  paper,  tiie 
Chairman  said  the  seal  of  Sandre  of  Glou- 
cester was  most  probably  of  an  earlier 
date  than  1400,  and  might  indeed  belong 
to  1330,  and  therefore  it  was  not  at  aU 
improbable  that  John  of  Gloucester  and 
John  Sandre  were  the  same  individual. 

There  wore  also  read  papers  by  the 
Hev.  Samuel  Lysons,  on  the  history  of 
]EUchard  Whittington,  in  which  the  re- 
nowned Mayor  of  London  was  ■winfained 
to  have  been  a  Gloucestershire  man,  and 
his  history  as  usually  told  was  said  to  be 
"true  in  its  main  points,  cat  and  all." 
A  third  paper,  by  J.  J.  Powell,  Esq.,  was 
on  the  Ancient  Commerce  of  Gbucester. 
It  gave  much  prominence  to  the  fact  that 
in  Domesday-book  Gloucester  is  styled  a 
dty,  while  London  is  only  called  a  burg, 
and  traced  the  introduction,  increase,  and 
eventual  decline  of  various  branches  of 
commerce  and  manufactories, — various 
quarrels  with  Bristol,  to  which  city  Glou- 
fsester  was  long  considered  subordinate, — 
and  the  great  increase  of  the  trade  of  the 
city  that  had  resulted  from  the  formation 
of  the  Gloucester  and  Berkeley  Canal^ 
which  was  opened  in  1827. 

Wednesday,  July  18. 

The  morning  was  occupied  at  the  Tolsey 
in  reading  papers.  The  first  was  one  by 
the  Bev.  J.  L.  Petit,  on 

Tewkssbubt  Abbby  Chitboh. 

This  fine  old  building,  which  might 
worthily  rank  among  our  English  cat^e« 
drals,  has  some  unique  points  of  archi- 
tectural interest.  Though  it  received 
important  alterations  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  it  presents  little  change  from 
the  primitive  Norman  arrangpement.  It 
has  much  in  common  with  Gloucester 
Cathedral.  At  no  period  daring  the  pre- 
valence of  medisBval  architecture  were  the 
proportions  and  composition  of  important 
churches  finer  than  when  the  early  Nor- 
man style  fiourished  in  England,  and  the 
stiU  earlier  Bomanesque  on  the  Continent. 


262 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


The  central  tower  of  Tewkesbury  is  per- 
haps one  of  the  grandest  ever  designed  in 
the  Romanesque  period.  There  is  greater 
variety  of  form  in  the  towers  found  on 
the  Continent  than  in  those  of  England, 
the  octagon  being  frequently  used,  and 
often  crowned  with  a  spire  of  stone. 
Wooden  spires  are  also  common,  and  one 
is  known  to  have  belonged  to  the  tower 
of  Tewkesbury,  till  it  was  blown  down  by 
a  storm  in  the  sixteenth  century.  The 
present  pinnacles  are  not  original,  having 
been  added  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
Though  not  in  character  with  the  archi- 
tecture, they  do  not  on  the  whole  mate- 
rially disfigure  the  building.  The  paper, 
after  describing  the  tower  in  some  detail, 
referred  to  the  difficulty  of  sketching  it, 
owing  to  its  peculiar  combination  of 
height  with  massiveness.  The  restora- 
tion of  the  roofs  would  not,  in  Mr.  Petit's 
opinion,  be  an  improvement,  as  it  would 
take  from  the  dignity  of  the  tower,  and 
still  more  from  the  effect  of  the  two 
beautiful  turrets  that  flank  the  west  end. 
The  character  of  the  church  is  breadth 
rather  than  height.  The  west  front,  he 
believed,  is  unique  in  its  composition. 
The  decorated  work  of  the  choir  is  ex- 
tremely beautiful,  and  the  tracery  of  the 
vaulting  unequalled  in  delicacy  and  in- 
tricacy. It  has  more  design  in  it  than 
that  of  Gloucester,  and  g^vos  expression 
to  the  width,  which  so  pre-eminently  cha- 
racterises this  church.  The  architectural 
history  of  the  church  is  rather  to  be  in- 
ferred from  details  of  style  than  derived 
from  authentic  records.  A  Benedictine 
monastery  was  founded  hero  early  in  the 
eighth  century,  but  probably  no  part  re- 
mains of  an  earlier  date  than  the  church, 
which  was  built  by  Robert  Fitzhamon, 
near  the  commencement  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  I.,  being  begun  in  1102.  The 
arches  opening  into  the  choir  idsles  are 
probably  the  oldest  architectural  features 
in  the  church.  The  great  alteration  took 
place  in  the  fourteenth  century,  probably 
very  little,  if  at  all,  before  the  work  at 
Gloucester,  though  the  one  is  Decorated 
and  the  other  Perpendicular.  The  Per- 
pendicular work  of  the  church  appears 
only  on  the  south  side,  which  must  have 


been  of  great  richneo^  and  in  tombs  and 
screens. 

With  respect  to  Glonceiter  Cathedral, 
he  wished  to  say  that  Mr.  Winston  la  of 
opinion  that  the  white  glass  in  the  head 
of  the  east  window  of  the  cathedral  is 
original,  and  comprehended  in  the  design 
of  the  window.  It  was  evidently  intro- 
duced to  form  a  division  between  the  rich 
colouring  of  the  rest  of  the  window,  and 
the  colouring,  no  doubt  equally  rich,  of 
the  vaulted  roof.  He  had  often  doabted 
whether  opaque  colour  and  transparent 
colour  could  be  seen  to  advantage  in  the 
same  building,  and  he  was  sure  they  oonld 
not  in  actual  juxtaposition,  but  the  de- 
cided break  made  by  the  white  glass  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  the  effect  of  the 
design.  Even  in  the  present  colourless 
state  of  the  roof,  the  fine  cool  tone  of  this 
white  glass  (which  no  modem  material 
could  equal)  g^ves  wonderful  value  to  the 
painted  glass,  and  by  replacing  it  with 
colour,  we  might  chance  to  destroy  one  of 
the  greatest  beauties  of  this  very  remark- 
able window.  • 

The  excursions  for  some  of  the  fidlow- 
ing  days  having  been  announced,  Mr.  Free- 
man reg^tted  that  so  many  of  the  best  an- 
tiquities in  Gloucestershire  appeared  to  be 
so  completely  passed  by  ^.  The  Institute 
visited  Bath,  and  came  away  without  seeing 
the  chambered  tumulus  at  Wellow,  the  best 
English  example  of  its  class,  and  without 
any  publicly  recognised  excursion  to  the 
Anglo-Saxon  church  at  Bradford.  It  would 
be  a  pity  indeed  if  the  same  error  were 
committed  at  Gloucester,  and  if  the  Insti- 
tute went  away  without  seeing  the  cham- 
bered tumulus  at  Uleybury  and  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  church  at  Deerhurst.  The  proposed 
Herefordshire  excursion  might  be  in  itself 
fully  equal  to  any  that  could  be  made  in 
Gloucestershire ;  Goodrich  Castle  undoubt- 
edly was  one  of  the  best  monuments  of  its 
kind,  but  it  had  no  natural  connexion  with 
Gloucester,  and  would  fall  much  more 
properly  within  the  scope  of  a  meeting  at 

**  Mr.  Freeman  should  consider  the  impoMt* 
bility  of  Rocing  OTerything  in  a  week,  and  that 
an  excursion  may  be  easy  for  a  small  party,  which 
is  wholly  impracticable  for  a  large  one.— En. 


I860.] 


Areheological  Institute,  Gloucester. 


263 


Hereford  or  Monmoath.  On  tbe  other 
hand,  Gloucestershire  itself  contained  a 
series  of  antiqnities  of  the  highest  value 
which  could  be  seen  nowhere  so  well  as 
from  Gloucester.  The  proposed  Berkeley 
excursion  ought  to  take  in  the  beautiful 
Early  English  church  at  Slymbridge,  of 
whose  poration  those  who  drew  up  the 
programmes  seemed  to  have  no  notion, 
but  which  was  as  natural  a  companion  to 
Berkeley  geographically  as  it  was  archi- 
tecturally. Instead  of  the  distant  excur- 
sion to  Goodrich,  he  should  propose  one 
to  the  numerous  and  varied  antiquities  on 
and  about  the  Cotswold  Hills.  It  should 
embrace  the  whole,  or  as  many  as  possible, 
of  the  following  objects, — the  ancient  barn 
at  Frooester,  the  Norman  church  and  mo- 
nastic buildings  at  Leonard  Stanley,  the 
chambered  tumulus  and  magnificent  camp 
at  Uleybury,  the  barn  at  Calcott  with  its 
remarkable  sculpture  and  inscription,  the 
castle  of  Beverston,  and  the  church  and 
small  domestic  antiquities  at  Dursley. 
Such  a  day's  work  would  be  almost  un- 
paralleled elsewhere,  and  yet  not  one  of 
these  objects  was  put  down  on  the  list  of 
excursions.  The  excursion  he  proposed 
would  not  be  wholly  primeeval,  nor  wholly 
architectural,  nor  wholly  any  one  thing; 
it  would  contain  something  for  antiquaries 
of  all  tastes.  It  would  also  embrace  about 
the  finest  view  in  all  England,  looking 
down  on  the  whole  range  of  country  whose 
history  was  about  to  be  illustrated  by  Dr. 
Guest,  and  would  carry  those  who  made  it 
along  the  line  of  Earl  Godwine's  march 
from  Beverston  to  Gloucester. 

The  next  paper  was  a  very  elaborate 
one,  by  the  Bev.  C.  H.  Hartshome,  on 

Thb  Fasijaicekts  of  Glouobstes. 

It  commenced  with  an  account  of  the 
Witan  that  assembled  there  in  1048,  in 
consequence  of  the  affray  between  Eustace 
of  Boulogne  and  the  men  of  Dover,  for 
which  Earl  (Godwin  was  held  responsible ; 
detailed  the  numerous  meetings  there 
under  the  Norman  kings,  those  under 
Henry  II.  and  III.,  Edward  I.,  Edward 
III.,  and  Richard  II.,  down  to  the  last 
Parliament  held  at  Gloucester,  that  in 
the  9th  year  of  Henry  IV.  (1407),  which 


ha?  an  important  bearing  on  a  question 
of  parliamentary  usage  that  has  been  of 
late  warmly  discussed. 

The  dispute  which  had  commenced  in 
1378  regarding  the  privileges  and  juris- 
diction claimed  by  each  House  was  still 
fiirther  extended  in  the  last  Parliament 
that  sat  at  Gloucester. 

When  it  met  here  in  the  9th  of  Henry 
IV.,  1407,  the  Commons  besought  the 
King  to  assign  certain  lords,  whom  they 
named,  to  commune  with  them  on  the 
business  of  the  meeting, — a  request  that 
had  been  made  and  granted  on  former 
occasions;  but  in  addition  to  this,  the 
Lords  now  evinced  the  desire  of  obtun- 
ing  peculiar  privileges,  more  particularly 
striving  to  control  all  the  pecuniary 
grants  to  the  Crown.  The  Lords  being 
assembled  in  the  royal  presence,  were 
desired  to  state  what  aid  they  deemed 
necessary  for  the  public  service,  and  hav- 
ing replied  that  it  would  require  a  tenth 
and  a-half  from  the  cities,  and  a  fifteenth 
and  a-half  from  other  laymen,  besides  a 
subsidy  of  wool  and  other  duties  for  two 
years,  the  King  then  sent  this  message  to 
the  Commons.  The  Commons,  however, 
did  not  feel  disposed,  on  their  part,  so 
readily  to  entertain  the  Lords'  proposi- 
tion: for  the  King  having  commanded 
them  to  send  to  himself  and  the  Lords  a 
certain  number  from  their  body  to  hear 
and  report  what  he  shonld  ordain,  and 
the  Commons  having  received  the  com- 
munication, they  were  greatly  disturbed, 
and  unanimously  declared  the  proceedings 
were  to  the  great  prejudice  and  deroga- 
tion of  their  liberties.  Thus  distinctly 
claiming  as  the  representatives  of  the  peo- 
ple that  all  grants  for  aids  must  originate 
with  their  branch  of  the  legislature,  and 
not  with  the  Upper  House. 

Whether  this  assumption  of  power  was 
consistent  with  previous  forms,  whether  it 
agreed  with  that  clause  in  Magna  Charta 
that  decreed  that  no  scutage  or  aid  should 
be  g^ven  excepting  by  the  common  coun- 
cil of  the  kingdom,  (the  clause  was 
omitted  in  the  two  subsequent  confirma- 
tions— ParL  Hist.,  vol.  ii.  p.  110;  Ste- 
phens, vol.  i.  p.  186,)  whether  it  was  a 
departure  from  the  provisions  established 


264 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


XSept. 


at  the  Parliament  of  Oxford  in  1258,  will 
now  be  matter  of  little  consequence,  as 
the  authority  of  the  Commons,  either  in 
making  or  in  sanctioning  pecuniary  grants, 
was  by  this  transaction  henceforward  fully 
established. 

This  collision  between  the  Lords  and 
the  Commons  also  gave  rise  to  the  ordin- 
ance that  in  all  future  Parliaments  the 
Lords  should  have  full  freedom  of  debate 
amongst  themselves;  in  an  equal  way 
also,  that  the  Commons  should  discuss  all 
matters  relating  to  the  realm  without 
disclosing  them  to  the  King  before  they 
had  arrived  at  a  mutual  decision,  and  that 
that  decision  should  only  be  made  known 
to  the  King  through  the  voice  of  the 
Speaker. 

A  recent  Report  on  Privileges  has,  after 
a  lapse  of  four  centuries  and  a  half,  in- 
vested this  last  Parliament  that  sat  for 
six  weeks  at  Gloucester  with  fresh  value. 
It  has  been  appealed  to  as  the  chief 
authority  for  passing  Bills  of  Supply,  and 
upon  its  practice  have  been  founded  a 
series  of  resolutions  marked  equally  by 
their  dignity  and  independence,  which 
have  asserted  the  authority  of  the  House 
of  Commons  to  impose  and  remit  taxation. 

Dr.  Guest  read  a  paper — 

Ok  tfb  English   Conquest  of  the 
Seybbn  Valley  in  the  Sixth  Cen- 

TUEY, 

of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract : — 

Before  the  great  battle  fought  at  Dyr- 
ham  in  this  county,  a.d.  577*  the  whole 
of  the  Severn  valley  and  a  large  portion 
of  the  Cotswold  were  in  the  possession  of 
the  Welsh,  Cirencester  being  their  great 
fortress  to  the  eastward.  In  the  year 
577,  Ceaulin,  King  of  Wessex,  advanced 
along  the  Roman  road  leading  from  Win- 
chester to  this  city,  and  then  turned  to 
his  left  and  reached  the  Fosse.  Down 
this  highway  he  proceeded,  devastating 
the  country  as  he  advanced,  till,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Dyrham,  the  Welshmen 
met  him,  and  sustained  the  defeat  com- 
memorated in  the  Chronicle.  Gloucester, 
Cirencester,  and  Bath  surrendered,  and 
the  loss  of  these  three  great  cities  must 
necessarily  have  carried  with  it  the  loss 
5 


of  the  whole  vale  of  the  Severn  fh>m  Bath 
to  the  forests  of  Worcestershire. 

In  the  year  584  Ceaulin  made  another 
inroad,  and  fought  a  battle  at  a  plaos 
called  Fethan  ledh.  He  is  said  to  have 
taken  **  many  towns  and  countless  booty •** 
All  our  modem  historians  identify  Fethan 
leah  with  Frethem,  near  Gloucester  ;  bat 
no  philologist  would  venture  to  maintaia 
the  identity  of  the  two  names,  Frethem 
and  Fethan ;  and  it  is  clear  that  the  whole 
neighbourhood  of  Gloucester  most  have 
changed  its  masters  when  that  city  be- 
came English  in  the  year  577.  Now,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Vale  Royal  of  Cheshire 
is  a  village  called  Faddeley.  This  phu» 
satisfies  all  the  requirements  both  of  phi- 
lology and  of  history.  Ceaulin  must  have 
advanced  thither  through  the  heart  of 
Shropshire,  and  up  the  valley  of  the  Tenu 
This  rich  district  no  doubt  furnished  the 
<*many  towns  and  countless  booty"  men- 
tioned in  the  Clmmicle. 

An  dd  Welsh  poet,  named  Llywarch 
Hen,  describes  the  devastation  of  the 
valley  of  the  Tern  by  the  men  of  Lloegyr 
(England),  during  the  reign  of  Brocli« 
mael.  King  of  Powis.  Brodmiael  lost  hie 
grandson  Selyo,  or  Solomon,  at  the  hattla 
of  Chester,  ▲.».  613.  He  most  at  that 
time  have  been  an  aged  man,  and  may 
therefore  very  well  have  been  reigning 
over  Powis  when  Ceaulin  made  his  inroad, 
AJ>.  584.  There  can  be  little  donbt  that 
it  was  this  inroad  which  occasioned  all  the 
misery  and  ruin  so  vividly  brought  before 
us  in  the  Elegy  of  Llywarch  Hen,  and 
which  led  to  the  destruction  of  Urioo* 
nium.  We  have  no  occauon  to  bring  oyer 
an  "army  of  Bretons"  for  the  pnrpose, — 
like  some  of  our  modem  antiquaries.  That 
hapless  town  was  no  doubt  destroyed  hy 
our  own  ancestors  in  the  year  584^  and  by 
command  of  Ceaulin,  King  of  Westex. 

Mr.  Freeman  wbhed  the  Institute  woold 
unanimously  petition  Dr.  Guest  to  oarry 
out  a  suggestion  made  in  the  last  nnmbeor 
of  the  "  Edinburgh  Review,"  and  to  work 
together  all  his  scattered  lectures  and 
essays  into  one  gpreat  *' History  of  the 
English  Conquest  in  Britain."  Such  a 
work  would  be  the  most  valuable  o(m* 
tribution  ever  made  to  the  early  historjp 


I860.] 


ArchmologiccU  Institute,  Gloucester. 


265 


of  our  country.  Dr.  Gaest,  a»  the  one 
man  who  had  at  once  read  everything  and 
been  everywhere,  had  done  more  for  the 
lustory  of  the  Teutonic  settlements  in 
Britain  than  any  other  man.  He  would 
indeed  have  earned  the  lasting  gratitude 
of  every  historical  student  had  he  never 
done  anything  else  hut  venture  to  call 
our  ancestors  by  their  real  historical  name 
of  Biglishmen  from  their  very  first  ap- 
pearance in  the  island.  It  is  wonderful 
how  much  utter  misconception  has  arisen 
from  the  vulgar  habit  of  calling  all  Eng- 
lishmen before  1066  "Saxons."  People 
really  do  not  realize  that  these  "  Saxons" 
are  simply  ourselves,  our  own  forefathers, 
speaking  an  early  form  of  our  own  lan- 
guage and  governed  by  an  early  form  oi 
our  own  laws.  "  The  Britons*'  and  "  the 
Saxons"  become  two  great,  distant,  indis- 
tinct masses,  and  all  trace  of  chronology, 
all  trace  of  personality  is  lost.  Call  them, 
with  Dr.  Guest,  "  English,"  as  they  called 
themselves^  not  "Saxons,"  which,  as 
a  national  appellation,  is  the  mere  nick- 
name of  their  enemies ; — call  those  enemies 
**  the  Welsh,"  and  the  connexion  between 
the  days  of  Ceawlin  and  our  own  times  at 
once  becomes  visible.  An  Englishman,  a 
thousand  years  back,  called  himself  an 
EngliBhman,  as  he  does  now;  Welshmen 
and  Highlanders  called  him  a  Saxon,  as 
they  do  stilL  This  confiised  way  of  jum- 
bling together  six  centuries  of  our  national 
history  under  the  vague  name  of  "the 
Saxons"  spreads  its  evil  influence  every- 
where :  people  fancy  that  all "  the  Saxons" 
lived  at  one  time,  that  Hengest  and  Harold 
were  just  the  same  sort  of  people,  and 
might  perhaps  have  sat  down  to  dinner 
together.  He  would  take  an  example 
from  a  question  which  Dr.  Guest  had,  as 
far  as  he  knew,  said  nothing  about,  and 
very  likely  might  never  have  thought 
about,  the  disputed  date  of  the  Minster 
at  Waltham.  He  firmly  believed  that 
this  hazy  way  of  thinking  and  talking 
about  "the  Saxons"  had  really  a  good 
deal  to  do  with  the  unwillingness  of  some 
antiquaries  to  believe  that  any  part  of 
the  existing  building  is  really  the  work  of 
King  Harold.  A  church  consecrated  in 
1060  is  a  church  built  by  "the  Saxons;" 
Gbkt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


a  church  built  by  "the  Saxons"  must 
have  been  small,  mean,  rude,  and  perhaps 
of  timber.  When  he  asked  for  the  proof 
that  the  Englbh  architecture  of  the  mid- 
dle of  the  eleventh  centuiy  was  necessarily 
of  so  poor  a  kind,  he  was  sent  to  accounts 
in  Venerable  Bede  of  timber  churches  in 
the  seventh  and  eighth  centuries,  separated 
from  the  days  of  Harold  by  an  interval  as 
long  as  the  whole  duration  of  Gothic  ar- 
chitecture. This  sort  of  confusion,  acting 
for  the  most  part  quite  unconsciously, 
ought  to  be  at  once  got  rid  of  by  using 
the  clear  and  accurate  nomenclature  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Guest.  He  would  conclude 
by  shewing  the  practical  character  of  Dr. 
Guest's  researches,  as  helping  to  explain 
small  local  and  personal  matters  in  our 
own  time.  He  had  lately  bought  a  small 
estate  in  Somersetshire,  near  the  city  of 
Wells.  On  taking  possession  he  was  sur- 
prised to  find  himself  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Cuthberht's  at  Wells,  nearly  two  miles  ofi^, 
though  the  parish  church  of  Wookey  was 
almost  within  a  stone's  throw  of  his  house. 
A  glance  at  Dr.  GuesfiB  map  at  once  ex- 
plained the  anomaly.  The  great  campaign 
of  Ceawlin  in  577  carried  the  English  con- 
quests as  far  as  the  Axe;  that  river  was 
for  a  considerable  time  the  frontier  of 
England  and  of  West- Wales.  But  that 
same  river  was,  fbr  a  good  part  of  its 
course,  the  boundary  of  the  parishes  of 
Wells  and  Wookey,  and  actually  divided 
his  own  land  from  that  of  his  next  neigh- 
bour. That  is  to  say,  Ceawlin  conquered 
Wookey  and  did  not  conquer  Wells;  he 
conquered  the  lands  of  his  next  neighbour, 
but  did  not  conquer  his  (Mr.  Freeman's) 
lands.  He  thought  there  could  hardly  be 
any  more  speaking  witn^s  to  the  value  of 
Dr.  Guest's  researches  than  the  fact  that 
a  great  national  boundaiy,  which  he  was 
the  first  to  discover  by  a  totally  different 
line  of  reasoning,  should  be  found  actually 
to  remain,  after  thirteen  hundred  years, 
as  the  boundary  of  looal  cUvisions  and  of 
private  property. 

The  Earl  of  Ducie  described  a  Boman 
villa  recently  discovered  at  Tortworth; 
after  which  a  large  party  proceeded  to 
Tewkesbury,  and  visited  the  Abbey  church, 

li 


266 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Sept. 


&c,  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Petit,  and 
a  portion  of  tbem  took  Deerharst  Church 
on  their  way ;  this  smaller  party  was  led 
by  Mr.  Parker,  who  considered  the  tower 
as  the  only  part  remaining  of  the  church 
built  in  1032.  The  inscription  recording 
this  date  is  preserved  at  Oxford,  and  a 
rubbing  of  it  was  exhibited  in  the  Museum 
during  the  Meeting. 

In  the  evening,  agreeably  to  invitation, 
a  large  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
repaired  to  a  Conversazione  at  Highnam 
Court,  the  seat  of  Mr.  Gambier  Parry, 
where  they  were  most  hospitably  received, 
and  the  noble  collection  of  pictures,  as 
well  as  many  treasures  of  medisBval  art, 
was  thrown  open  for  their  inspection. 

Thursday,  July  19.    Excursion  to 

ClBBNCESTEB  AND  FaIBFOBD. 

This  day  was  devoted  to  an  excursion 
to  Cirencester,  and  about  100  ladies  and 
grentlemen  formed  the  party.  On  arriving 
at  Cirencester  the  party  were  received  by 
the  Rev.  Canon  Powell,  Professor  Buck- 
man,  the  Rev.  Pripcipal  Constable,  and 
others,  by  whom  they  were  escorted  to 
the  Market'place.  Here  the  Rev.  Canon 
Powell  delivered  a  short  address  on  the 
archa)ology  of  the  fine  old  parish  church. 
The  exterior  of  the  building  having  been 
examined,  the  party  entered  it,  and  the 
Rev.  Canon  resumed  his  descriptive  and 
explanatory  remarks.  Mr.  J.  H.  Parker 
f\illy  confirmed  the  accuracy  of  Mr. 
Powell's  statements,  and  Lord  Talbot  de 
Malahide  expressed  the  thanks  of  the  As- 
sociation to  the  rev.  gentleman  for  his 
very  interesting  and  able  address. 

Mr.  Parker  took  the  opportunity  of 
calling  attention  to  the  squints,  or  hagio- 
scopes, which  are  common  in  this  county, 
but  are  always  walled  up:  he  thought 
they  might  be  re-opened  with  advantage. 
Their  peculiar  form,  being  wide  at  the 
west  end  and  narrow  at  the  east,  enabled 
persons  in  the  transepts  or  aisles  both  to 
see  and  hear  the  service  at  the  altar  dis- 
tinctly. He  had  recently  observed  in  a 
neighbouring  church  an  instance  where 
a  small  Norman  chancel-arch  had  a  larg^ 
iquint  on  each  side  of  it,  part  of  the 


original  dengn  to  enable  the  people  to 
see  and  hear.  These  sqmnts  had  been 
walled  up,  and  now  the  chancel-arch  is 
pronounced  by  the  modem  architect  to 
inconveniently  small  that  it  must  be  de- 
stroyed and  replaced  by  a  new  large  one. 
He  was  sorry  to  say  that  this  was  a  com* 
mon  case,  and  in  this  manner  all  Yeatigee 
of  antiquity  were  being  rajndly  deetrof  ed. 

The  party  then  proceeded  through  the 
Abbey  grounds  to  inspect  the  gateway, 
a  remnant  of  the  old  Abbey,  and  which, 
as  the  'Spital-gate,  still  gives  a  name  to 
the  locality. 

The  party  afterwards  cUvided.    About 
thirty  proceeded  to  Fairford,  and,  with  J. 
D.  Niblett,  Esq.,  as  cicerone,  viewed  the 
beautiful  windows  for  which  the  parish 
church  is  famed.     They  considered  the 
greater  part  of  the  glass  as  English,  and 
made  for  the  windows  in  which    it  is 
placed;  the  small  figures  in  the  tracery 
light  of  the  heads  of  the  Perpendiciilar 
windows  could  not  possibly  fit  any  foragn 
windows,  as  the  Perpendicular  style  does 
not  exist  out  of  England.    But  lome  of 
the  larger  figures  in   the  lower  lights, 
and  especially  those  in  the  windows  of 
Old  Testament  characters,  appear  to  be 
foreign  glass ;  and  the  small  portion  of  the 
painted  glass  being  foreign,  has  probably 
given  rise  to  the  legend  that  it  was  all 
taken  from  a  foreign  vessel,  and  that  the 
present  church  was  built  for  the   glass. 
This  party  was  also  accompanied  by  Mr. 
J.  H.  Parker,  who  briefly  explaincMl  the 
architectural  features  of  the  church,  a 
very  fine  example  of  the  Perpendicolar 
style,  with  a  central  tower,  the  interior 
of  which  forms  a  lantern  open  to  the 
church,  a  very  rare  feature  in  a  parish 
church.    On  their  return  they  stopped 
to    examine    M^ysey  Hampton  Church, 
a  fine  cruciform  building  chiefiy  of  the 
Early  English  style,  with  several  interest- 
ing features,  and  a  portion  of  Decorated 
work.    Also  at  Ampney  8t.  Mary,  a  soiall 
church  with  a  good  bell-cot,  a  curious  Nor- 
man doorway,  and  an  east  window  with 
tracery  of  fiamboyant  pattern. 

The  rest  of  the  party  walked  to  the  Bar- 
ton, and  inspected  the  beautiful  Roman 
pavement  at  Cirencester,  returning  to  Earl 


I860.] 


Archaoloffical  Institute,  Gloucetter. 


267 


Bathurst's  mansion,  where  the  portrait  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  hy  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence,  and  other  objects  of  interest 
came  nnder  notice.  A  few  steps  brought 
them  to  the  Mnsenm  of  Roman  Antiqni- 
ties,  and  here  Professor  Buckman  dis- 
coursed most  agreeably  and  eloquently  on 
the  beautiful  remains  collected  together. 

In  the  evening  the  members  again  as- 
sembled at  the  Tolsey,  when  the  following 
papers  were  read : — "  Glevum,  or  Soman 
Gloucester,"  by  the  Bev.  Samuel  Lysons ; 
*'  Coverdile's  Bible,"  by  the  Rev.  James 
Lee  Warner;  and  "Some  Fragments  of 
Anglo-Saxon  Manuscripts  discovered  in 
the  Chapter  Library,"  by  the  Rev.  John 
Earle. 

GLiYim,  OB  Roman  Gloucestbb. 

No  one  of  the  places  in  which  the 
Archaeological  Institute  had  assembled, 
said  Mr.  Lysons,  has  greater  claim  to 
antiquity  than  the  city  of  Gloucester. 
Yet,  when  we  consider  the  mode  of  life 
and  the  nature  of  the  dwellings  of  our 
British  ancestors,  coupled  with  the  way 
in  which  they  were  overrun  at  various 
periods,  it  is  not  surprising  that  few,  if 
any,  vestiges  remain  of  Old  Caer  Glou,  al- 
though the  British  origin  of  this  city  is 
attested  by  tradition  and  the  early  his- 
torians. Moreover,  a  very  interesting 
gold  bracelet  of  British  make  was  re* 
cently  dug  up  in  the  line  of  Ermine-street 
(London-road),  and  has  been  purchased 
by  Mr.  Albert  Way  for  Lord  Braybrooke's 
collection.  History  states  that  Gloucester 
was  one  of  the  first  cities  in  the  kingdom 
occupied  by  the  Romans;  yet  so  little  in- 
terest has  been  excited  that  it  is  only 
sixty  years  since  that  Gloucester  has  been 
positively  identified  with  the  scraps  of 
history  marking  it  as  a  Roman  station. 
Glevum  appears  to  have  been  the  first 
place  in  the  vicinity  of  which  Aulus  Plaa- 
tius,  the  general  of  the  Emperor  Claudius^ 
received  a  check  from  the  aborigines  of 
the  island,  and  here  it  was  that  he  esta- 
blished his  frontier  agunst  the  enemy, 
strongly  entrenching  himself  with  the 
Severn  in  his  front;  and  historical  tra- 
dition on  the  subject  is  corroborated  by 
the  remarkable  fact  that  a  larger  number 


of  the  coins  of  Claudius  have  been  found 
here  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  king- 
dom. There  is  another  circumstance 
which  singularly  confirms  history  —  the 
discovery  of  a  large  number  of  rude  imi- 
tations of  the  coinage  of  Claudius,  evi- 
dently issued  at  the  time,  shewing  that 
a  mint  was  estabUshed  on  the  spat ;  and 
there  was  still  further  confirmation  in  the 
discovery  of  an  unusual  number  of  staterss^ 
or  steelyards  for  weighing  coin,  and  a 
cradble  for  melting  metal,  dug  up  at 
Norton,  near  the  city.  The  probability 
is  that  the  money  was  used  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  soldiers,  and  we  may  safely 
conclude  that  there  was  a  military  occu- 
pation of  Gloucester  at  as  early  a  date  as 
that  of  Claudius ;  and,  if  so,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  it  was  during  the  pro* 
prsetorship  of  Aulus  Flautius,  who  re- 
tained for  several  years  his  governorship 
among  the  Dobuni  until  he  was  succeeded 
by  Ostorius  Scapula.  Two  horse-shoes^ 
supposed  at  first  to  have  been  silver,  have 
been  found  in  the  streets,  and  these  mark 
a  period  antecedent  to  the  decline  of  the 
arts.  If  this  date  be  conceded  to  these 
shoes,  it  may  help  us  in  tracing  the  march 
of  Claudius's  army  across  Britain ;  a  part 
of  it  is  said  to  have  landed  at  Southampton 
or  Porchester,  and  made  its  way  directly 
through  the  island  to  join  the  forces  of 
Aulus  Flautius  in  the  country  of  the 
Dobuni,  Silbury-hill  not  only  bdng  in 
their  line  of  march,  but  also  the  point  to 
which  the  Romans  would  naturally  make 
as  one  of  the  strong  places  of  the  Britons. 
Again,  the  form  of  the  town  itself,  built 
upon  the  site  of  the  original  camp,  and 
still  as  nearly  retaining  its  character  at 
modem  improvements  will  allow,  may 
lead  us  to  form  an  estimate  of  its  g^reat 
antiquity.  The  shape  of  the  town  is  that 
of  the  most  perfect  Roman  camp  —  an 
oblong  parallelogram,  the  prindpal  streets 
intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  aspect  was  to  the  north,  south,  east, 
and  west,  standing  on  a  gentle  slope  to« 
wards  the  Severn,  which  formed  th« 
western  defence  against  the  Silures.  The 
river  has  evidently  shifted  its  bed.  We 
may  still  trace  all  the  important  pnblio 
boildings  of  a  Roman  camp;  the  walk 


268 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


appeared  to  have  remuned  in  th^  ori- 
ginal state  antil  their  destruction  after 
the  Civil  Wars.  The  only  remains  exist- 
ing is  a  small  portion  near  the  site  of  the 
Bouth  gate.  At  a  later  period  of  the 
Boman  oocnpation  the  walls  to  the  north 
appear  to  have  heen  extended  so  as  to 
take  in  the  area  now  occupied  hy  Lower 
Korthgate-street  and  Hare-lane.  Might 
not  this  have  been  the  Via  ArsB,  or  Altar- 
stieet?  It  has  been  usual  to  attribute 
a  Saxon  origin  to  the  name  of  thb  street 
— Hier-lane,  or  Army-street;  but  there  is 
reason  for  concluding  that  our  streets  re- 
ceived distinctive  names  before  the  Saxon 
period.  If  (as  it  is  not  improbable  from 
its  position)  it  was  the  street  of  the 
tombs,  or  the  burial-place  just  outside  the 
camp,  such  as  we  find  at  Pompeii,  then 
the  name  Via  ArsB  would  be  most  appro- 
priate. Among  the  deeds  of  the  cor- 
poration are  some  leases  of  corporate  pro- 
perty as  far  back  as  Henry  IIL  and 
£dward  I.,  in  which  the  street  now  called 
Longsmith-street  is  mentioned  under  the 
name  of  Via  Fabrorum ;  and  as  it  is  known 
that  the  Romans  had  their  Collegium  Fa- 
brorum, or  smithy,  in  every  camp  of  con- 
sequence, it  points  out,  without  much 
room  for  doubt,  the  position  of  that  esta- 
blishment at  Glevura. 

Gloucester  has  always  been  fi&mous  for 
its  smithies ;  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
Confessor  it  was  taxed  at  36  icres  of  iron, 
and  100  iron  rods  for  nails  for  the  king's 
ships ;  and  at  a  later  period,  as  appears  on 
its  seal  of  the  time  of  Fdward  I.,  the  town 
adopted  two  horse-shoes  and  six  mdls  for 
its  armorial  bearings.  A  considerable 
Roman  building,  with  scorie  of  iron,  was 
found  in  this  street  in  excavating  for  the 
sewerag^.  Roman  pavements  have  been 
discovered  in  all  the  principal  streets  of 
the  town,  shewing  the  sites  of  the  chief 
public  buildings;  and  various  relics  ex- 
hibiting the  mode  of  life  of  the  inhabit- 
ants continue  to  be  found  daily,  and 
amongst  them  coins  varying  from  nearly 
the  earliest  down  to  the  latest  period  of 
the  Roman  occupation.  An  inscription 
found  at  Bath  proves  that  Qlevum  was 
honoured  at  a  very  early  date  with  the 
dignity  of  a  Roman  colony,  and  there  are 


many  traces  of  the  worship  of  Eseolapiiis, 
the  introduction  of  which  Tacitus  asugm 
to  Claudius.  After  a  reference  to  Kings- 
holm,  supposed  to  have  been  the  palace  of 
the  British  kings,  and,  fh>m  the  relici 
found  there,  the  villa  of  the  Romans,  Mr. 
LysoDS  alluded  to  tiieuRoman  camp  lately 
discovered  by  himself  near  his  residence  at 
Hempstead,  which  had  hitherto  gone  by 
the  name  of  King  Charles's  Camp,  though 
without  any  sufficient  reason.  This  camp 
had  escaped  the  attention  of  antiqoariea^ 
who  probably  remained  satisfied  with  the 
popular  notion,  and  enquired  no  farther. 
Mr.  Lysons  added  that  the  owner  of  the 
property,  Mr.  Hig^ord  Burr,  was  not  in- 
disposed to  permit  an  investigation  be- 
neath the  surf)Eu:e,  but  the  land  being 
valuable  upland  meadow  the  expense  would 
be  considerable,  and  therefore  the  relics 
discovered  might  be  possibly  purchased 
at  a  great  cost ;  we  must  therefbre  tmst 
that  accident  may  favour  us  as  it  has 
done  hitherto,  and  that  time  may  bring 
to  light  more  of  those  vestiges  which  are 
so  important  in  unfolding  to  us  the  early 
history  of  our  own  country. 

Mr.  Lee- Warner  described  a  copy  of 

Coysbdale's  Bible  in  Glouobstib 

CATHSDBAL  LlBBABY. 

This  work  shares  with  a  copy  in  the 
possession  of  the  Earl  of  Jersey  the  honour 
of  being  perfect  in  all  its  parts,  with  the 
title-page  of  1536,  which  we  shall  call 
the  second  title.  It  is  dedicated  to 
King  Henry  VIII.  and  his  "  dearest  jnst 
Wife  and  most  vertuous  Princeese  Queen 
Anne;"  and  at  the  end  of  the  volume  we 
find  this  notice : — "  Printed  in  1635,  and 
finished  the  fourth  day  of  October,"  i.e., 
nearly  six  months  at  least  (as  the  title, 
shews)  before  this  copy  was  issued.  But 
we  are  enabled  to  shew  that  the  title  of 
1536  was  not  the  orig^inal  title  of  the  book 
as  it  came  from  the  press ;  for  the  copy  in 
the  British  Museum,  identical  with  oars 
in  every  other  respect,  is  dated  a  year 
earlier,  and  purports  to  have  been  trans- 
lated out  of  "  Douch  and  Latin,^  which 
words  are  wanting  in  the  title  now  ex- 
hibited. 

The  opening  paragraph  of  the  Dedicsi* 


I860.] 


ArcJuBological  Institute,  Oloucester. 


269 


tion  saffices  to  explain  to  us  the  motive  of 
this  seeming  incongruity.  It  is  addressed, 
as  we  have  seen,  not  only  to  Henry  VIII., 
but  to  his  dearest  just  wife,  Queen  Anne. 
The  book  was  all  in  type,  and  not  only  so, 
but  issued,  when  the  ill-fated  Queen  was 
in  the  zenith  of  her  prosperity.  Great 
things  were  expected  from  her  influence 
and  patronage.  But  in  a  few  short  months 
the  scene  changes,  and  the  name  of  Anne 
Boleyn,  so  far  from  being  a  passport  to 
the  capricious  monarch's  favour,  would 
damage  any  cause  with  which  it  might  be 
\  connected.  What  then  was  to  be  done  to 
m3et  the  altered  circumstances?  The 
Dedication  (it  is  true)  might  altogether 
have  been  cancelled,  but  these  were  the 
days  of  dedications,  and  the  whole  suc- 
cess of  the  edition  depended  on  the  Royal 
fiat,  and  the  sole  motive  of  the  Dedica- 
tion hangs  on  the  remarkable  words,  "  I 
thought  it  my  duty  not  only  to  dedicate 
this  translation  unto  your  Highness,  but 
wholly  to  commit  it  unto  the  same,  to  the 
intent  that  it  may  stand  in  your  Grace's 
bands,  to  correct  it,  to  amend  it,  to  im- 
prove it,  yea,  and  clean  to  reject  it,  if 
your  godly  wisdom  shall  think  it  neces- 
sary." Words  like  these  ought  never  to 
have  been  written ;  but  once  deliberately 
published,  they  could  not  be  withdrawn. 

But  the  King^s  third  marriage,  in  a 
very  short  time,  suggested  a  solution  of 
the  difficulty.  The  sunset  of  Anne's  es- 
pousals had  indeed  been  dark  and  dismal; 
but  the  morning  of  Queen  Jane's  corona- 
tion had  dawned  at  least  with  promise,  so 
the  alteration  of  two  letters  was  deemed 
sufficient  to  meet  the  case.  For  Anne 
was  substituted  Jane ;  and  the  type,  thus 
amended,  is  found  in  existing  copies, 
among  which  those  at  Sion  College  and 
at  Lambeth  may  be  cited  as  the  most 
accessible. 

But  did  this  alteration  dispose  of 
every  difficulty?  Obviously  far  from 
it.  A  date  upon  the  title  page  is  usually 
understood  to  mark  the  completion  of  the 
volume.  Here,  then,  was  a  Bible  com- 
pleted in  1535,  but  dedicated  to  a  Queen 
whose  new-bom  royalty  dated  only  from 
the  year  following  its  issue.  This  contra- 
diction, therefore,  could  only  be  obviated 


by  the  printing  of  a  new  title-page,  in 
which  35  was  changed  to  36.  And  seeing 
that  these  changes  were  all  forced  upon 
the  publishers  after  the  commencement  of 
the  issue,  we  need  not  feel  surprise  that 
spme  confusion  has  arisen  among  the  two 
title-pages,  the  two  dedications,  and  the 
main  body  of  the  work,  appended  indif- 
ferently to  each,  perchance  by  the  negli- 
gence of  the  binder. 

Our  glance  at  these  Bibles  may  very 
profitably  be  extended  to  illustrate  two 
malpractices,  which  we  cannot  too  strongly 
reprobate,  whether  of  restoration  or  de- 
struction. Take,  for  example,  the  Cover- 
dale  in  Sion  College  Library.  We  find 
that  in  1772  it  was  borrowed  by  the 
British  Museum,  in  order  to  supply  mutu- 
ally-exbting  difects  in  each.  Accordingly, 
it  came  back  with  the  wood-cuts  of  its 
title-page  supplied  by  "  an  ingenious  pen- 
man," the  style  and  execution  of  which  we 
will  not  severely  criticise,  seeing  them  to 
be  the  performance  of  probably  a  clever 
school- boy.  But  the  ground  of  our  objec- 
tion is,  that  the  title  thus  inserted  is  the 
title  of  1535,  which  we  hold  to  be  im- 
properly prefixed  to  a  dedication  inscribed 
to  Queen  Jane,  as  it  involves  nothing 
less  than  a  manifest  anachronism.  And, 
speaking  as  archseologists,  we  cannot  too 
strongly  deprecate  that  sort  of  restoration 
to  which  Coverdale  has  been  subjected. 
Nine-tenths  of  the  Coverdales  which  the 
wreck  of  time  has  spared  came  down  to  us 
without  titles.  Their  possessors,  in  many 
instances,  have  wished  to  do  them  honour, 
after  their  own  fashion,  by  making  good 
the  deficiency;  but  the  power,  rather 
than  the  will,  was  wanting.  Till  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Holkham  Bible,  no  perfect 
title  of  1535  was  accessible.  The  British 
Museum  copy  had  lost  all  the  woodcuts 
of  its  outer  side  completely;  but,  as  a 
similar  pattern  had  been  used  in  Mat- 
thew's Bible  of  1539,  it  was  thought 
that  a  skilful  amalgamation  would  well 
serve  the  purpose.  However,  after  all,  it 
was  but  the  junction  of  the  humanum 
caput  and  the  cervix  equinuSf  for  Matthew 
had  adopted  Latin  texts  to  illustrate  his 
woodcuts,  but  Coverdale's  were  all  in 
English.    To  make  the  matter  worse,  a 


270 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligeneer. 


[Sept. 


late  eminent  bookseller  prepared  at  some 
expense  a  wood-block,  to  perpetuate  the 
pretended  fac-simile,  which  has  thus  found 
its  way  into  many  libraries.  Thus  much 
for  restorations  injudiciously  carried  out. 
And,  if  we  would  see  destruction,  we  have 
only  to  call  for  the  copy  in  the  British 
Museum.  Tbdre  we  shall  see  "  specimens 
of  the  initial  and  capital  letters  used  in 
the  work  cut  from  another  copy,  and 
pasted  on  a  separate  leaf !" 

Anglo- Saxon  Manttsceipts. 

Mr.  Earle  mentioned  some  fragments  of 
an  Anglo-Saxon  manuscript  discovered  in 
the  Chapter  Library.  These  fragments 
consisted  of  an  ancient  homily  and  me- 
moir of  St.  Swithin.  Mr.  Earle,  whilst 
describing  the  contents,  observed  that  our 
English  ancestors  were  especially  anxious 
to  obtain  English  saints,  because  they 
previously  hnd  been  indebted  to  foreign 
climes  for  relics.  Mr.  Dunkin,  in  conver- 
sation afterwards,  confirmed  this,  by  sta- 
ting that  in  the  Chronicles  of  Ralph  of 
Coggeshall,  was  an  illustrative  anecdote. 
Ralph  had  lived  during  the  reign  of  King 
John,  and,  whilst  abbot,  visited  the  Holy 
Land,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  eye 
by  an  arrow.  The  point  of  the  arrow  re* 
mained  unextmcted  till  the  day  of  his 
death ;  in  fact,  he  brought  it  home  with 
him  as  a  "pilgrim's  token.''  During  his 
abbacy  some  serfs  discovered,  about  two 
miles  from  Coggeshall,  a  Roman  urn  filled 
with  bones.  When  the  monks  heard  this, 
they  felt  convinced  the  bones  were  those 
of  some  holy  man,  and  with  great  cere- 
mony they  proceeded  to  translate  them 
into  their  own  guardianship.  Singing 
hymns  and  censing  the  old  pagan's  bones, 
they  laid  them  in  a  fair  linen  cloth,  and 
brought  them  in  procession  to  the  foot  of 
the  high  altar  with  the  most  devotioiud 
ceremonies.  But,  continued  Mr.  Dunkin, 
that  was  not  all,  for  Weever,  who  wrote 
in  the  days  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  mentioned 
that  a  potter's  mark,  "  Coo,"  was  also 
discovered,  and  that  actually  formed  the 
etymology  of  Coggeshall. 

Friday,  July  20. 

This  was  the  great  day  of  the  meeting, 
Mid  the  Tolsey  was  completely  filled  from 


the  commencement  to  the  dose  of  the  pro- 
ceedings. The  papers  read  were : — *'  Some 
Historical  Associations  connected  with  tb« 
County  of  Gloucester,"  by  the  Rev.  John 
Earle,  M.A.,  late  Professor  of  Anglo-Saxon 
in  the  University  of  Oxford;  "History  of 
the  Iron  Trade  of  the  Forest  of  Dean,"  by 
theRev.H.G.Nicholls;  *<  Medieval  Sculp- 
ture illustrated  by  Examples  in  Gloucester 
Cathedral,"  by  Richard  Westmacott,  R.A. ; 
"Architectural  History  of  Gloucester  Ca- 
thedral," by  Professor  Willis.  Our  limits 
oblige  us  for  the  present  to  confine  onr 
notice  to  this  last  paper. 

HiSTOBY  OF  Gloucsstsb  Cathbd&au 

Professor  Willis  said  he  was  about  to 
give  the  company  a  sketch  of  the  history 
of  Gloucester  Cathedral.  They  were  pro* 
bably  acquainted  with  its  general  appear- 
ance, and  therefore  he  should  assume  that 
they  were  acquainted  with  many  things 
he  was  about  to  say.  As  for  hia  flriendi 
the  archffiolog^sts,  he  assumed  that  they 
had  rushed  off  to  the  cathedral  immedi- 
ately on  reaching  the  city;  but  if  they 
had  not  done  so  they  ought  to  have  done 
80,  and  therefore  he  should  not  trouble 
himself  about  them.  If  we  are  to  see  the 
cathedral  in  an  historical  light»  we  must 
ascertain  the  different  dates  at  which 
changes  took  place.  Now  all  history  of 
ancient  buildings  partakes  of  these  defects  ; 
it  happens  that  the  best  examples  of  the 
style  of  oonstroction  have  often  no  his- 
tory ;  or  the  best  history  has  no  buildings 
corresponding  with  it;  and  therefore  the 
archsBologist  is  left  in  the  dark.  All  he 
can  do  is  to  group  together  some  build- 
ings of  the  same  style,  such  as  those  called 
Norman,  Early  English,  Decorated,  and 
Perpendicular,  and  then,  if  possible,  find 
some  good  history  of  one  or  more  examples 
of  each  gproup,  and  should  he  be  so  fortn- 
nate,  say  to  what  style  they  all  belong. 
Now  it  happens  that  we  have  all  these 
advantages  combined  in  Gloucester  Ca- 
thedral;  glorious  examples  of  Normsx^ 


1860.] 


Archaological  Institute,  Gloucester. 


271 


Decorated,  and  Perpendicular  architec- 
tore,  and  also  a  complete  history  of  the 
boildiog  in  the  Chronicle  of  Abhot  Fro- 
cester,  which  gives  every  particular  of  the 
erection  of  the  building  short  of  the  actual 
building  accounts,  and  thus  enables  us  to 
date  the  particular  parts  of  it  more  accn- 
rately  than  can  be  done  with  most  other 
sncient  edifiees.  The  building  is  also  very 
beantiful  and  interesting  irrespective  of 
history,  and  by  its  aid  he  hoped  to  throw 
some  light  on  dispnted  points  of  architec- 
tural history. 

The  general  character  which  Gloucester 
Cathedral  presents  is  that  of  a  Norman 
cathedral  complete  nearly  from  one  end 
to  the  other,  but  subjected  to  various  al- 
terations in  consequence  of  repairs  and 
fkults  of  construction.  Most  of  the  writers 
on  the  cathedral  describe  the  south  aisle 
af  Decorated,  and  the  choir,  or  presbytery 
af  it  was  called  by  Abbot  Frocester,  as 
Perpendicular,  but  its  features  are  only 
cemented  against  the  Norman  wall.  The 
whole  transept  and  choir  present  one  of 
the  moet  glorious  examples  of  architecture 
he  had  ever  seen.  Bearing  in  mind  that 
beneath  the  edifice  tliere  is  a  beautiful 
crypt,  he  would  give  passages  from  Fro- 
cester's  Chronicle,  which  fixes  the  dates 
to  the  particular  parts.  The  Chronicle 
said,  in  1058  Aldred  the  Norman  bishop 
built  the  church  from  the  foundation, 
(this  was  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor,) and  dedicated  it  to  St.  Peter.  It 
was,  then,  either  a  Saxon  or  early  Norman 
church  in  the  style  prevalent  at  the  time 
of  Edward  the  Confessor.  Now  arch»- 
ologists  have  ascertuned  that  the  Norman 
style  was  brought  in  during  the  reign  of 
Edward  the  Confessor,  and  the  work  was 
very  rudely  executed,  judging  from  the  ex- 
amples of  it  in  Westminster  Abbey.  In 
1087,  said  the  Chronicle,  the  cathedral  was 
burnt  down,  and  in  1069,  that  is,  after  the 
Norman  ooaquest,  on  the  feast  of  the  apo« 


sties  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  the  foundation 
of  the  present  church  was  laid  by  Robert, 
Bishop  of  Hereford,  at  the  request  of 
Serlo,  the  abbot.  As  it  was  consecrated 
in  1100,  it  was  certainly  completed  suf- 
ficiently for  the  performance  of  service^ 
and  probably  the  nave  was  also  finished. 
In  1163,  or  between  1163  and  1180,  the 
north-west  tower  fell,  owing  to  a  bad 
foundation.  In  1222  the  north-west  tower 
was  rebuilt  by  Hclias,  the  sacrist,  but 
that  tower  has  now  ^sappeared,  and  he 
need  not  treat  of  it,  nor  of  the  chapel  of 
the  Blessed  Virgin,  because  that  also  cUd 
not  now  exist.  In  1242,  the  Chronicle 
said,  the  vault  of  the  nave  was  completed 
by  the  monks  themselves;  they  did  not 
employ  common  workmen,  and  therefore 
he  might  suppose  that  the  monks  con- 
sidered they  would  do  the  work  better 
than  common  workmen.  It  is  an  Early 
English  vault. 

The  Chronicle  next  brought  him  to 
Tbokey,  a  very  important  person  in  the 
building.  Thokey  gave  Edward  II.  honour- 
able burial  in  the  church,  and  thus  at- 
tracted to  the  church  a  multitude  of  visi- 
tors ;  all  classes  began  to  regard  the  mur« 
dered  king  as  a  martyr  and  sunt;  and 
the  offerings  on  his  tomb  amounted  to 
such  a  prodigious  sum  that  the  monastery 
was  supplied  with  the  means  of  building 
the  church.  That  was,  in  fact,  the  great 
era  of  the  church.  Now  Thokey,  before 
that  period,  says  the  Chronicle,  had  con* 
structed  the  south  aisle  of  the  nave  at 
great  expense ;  and  we  may  see  that  this 
aisle  has  received  an  outer  case ;  whereat 
before  it  was  a  Norman  nave  with  a  Nor- 
man vault,  it  now  presents  a  Decorated 
vault  with  Decorated  ribs,  and  the  out- 
side also  appears  to  be  Decorated.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiftd  examples  of  the 
style;  and  it  has  this  great  advantage 
which  other  altered  buildings  do  not  pos- 
sess; in  other  buildings  the  proportions 


272 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


very  often  constrain  the  design  in  the 
new  work,  and  give  it  a  mixed  character, 
spoiling  bothy  giving,  for  example,  heavi- 
ness to  the  Norman  and  flimsiness  to  the 
Decorated.  But  this  is  not  the  case  at 
Gloucester;  the  south  aisle  is  externally 
a  good  example  of  the  Decorated.  The 
windows  resemble  one  of  those  in  Merton 
College  Chapel,  Oxford ;  there  is  a  variety 
of  windows  there,  but  this  pattern  occurs 
twice.  The  connection  between  Gloucester 
and  Oxford  was  very  curious.  The  college 
was  founded  in  1264;  and  the  windows 
were  of  that  period.  Merton  College  was 
one  of  the  first  established  in  England, 
and  the  monks  of  Gloucester  soon  esta- 
blished a  college  for  their  student  monks 
at  Oxford,  which  afterwards  became  Glou- 
cester College.  Merton  Chapel  was  founded 
about  1280,  Gloucester  College  in  1283 ; 
Thokey  began  the  south  aisle  in  1307,  so 
that  it  is  probable  that  he  derived  the  pat- 
tern of  the  window  from  Gloucester  Col- 
lege, Oxford.  Professor  Willis  knew  no 
other  example  of  it,  except  some  manift^st 
copies  in  and  near  Gloucester.  This  shews 
that  windows  were  continually  copied; 
indeed,  there  are  contracts  still  in  exist- 
ence stipulating  that  windows  and  other 
features  shall  be  copied  from  those  in 
other  buildings  enumerated. 

In  1329  Thokey  was  succeeded  by  Wig- 
more,  who  seems  to  have  made  a  tabula, 
or  frontal,  for  the  prior's  altar,  and  he 
was  well  skilled,  for  the  images  were 
worked  with  his  own  hands.  In  Wig- 
more's  time  began  the  offerings  on  Ed- 
ward's tomb,  which  enabled  him  to  con- 
struct the  aisle  of  St.  Andrew  as  it  now 
appears.  The  next  abbot  was  Staunton : 
in  his  time  was  constructed  the  great  vault 
of  the  choir  and  the  stalls  of  the  choir  on 
the  prior's  side,  and  these  were  built  with 
the  oblations  of  the  faithrul.  Indeed,  the 
mouks,  it  is  said,  grumbled  about  the  ex- 
pense, because  it  was  so  high:  they  de- 
6 


dared  more  money  was  spent  in  ornament 
than  would  have  rebuilt  the  whole  churcby 
if  it  had  been  properly  employed.  The 
next  abbot  concerned  was  Thomas  de  Hor- 
ton,  and  in  his  time  the  Chronicle  states 
the  high  altar  with  the  choir  and  the  new 
stalls  on  the  abbot's  side  were  begun  and 
finished,  and  also  the  aisle  of  St.  PauL 
The  work  was  commenced  in  1368,  and 
completed  in  1373. 

Nothing  more  was  told  of  the  history 
of  the  church  till  they  came  to  the  time 
of  Walter  Frocester,  who  wrote  the  Chro- 
nicle which  supplies  the  facts  which  he 
(Professor  Willis)  had  stated.  A  com- 
mentator on  the  Chronicle  after  his  death 
tells  us  that  among  other  things  which 
Frocester  built  was  the  cloister  of  the 
monastery,  which  had  been  b^rnn  in  the 
time  of  Horton,  and  completed  to  the  door 
of  the  chapter-house,  and  remsdned  imper- 
fect. Frocester  was  a  great  builder,  and 
he  took  up  this  work  and  completed  it. 
For  the  rest  of  the  history  of  the  cathe- 
dral, strange  to  say,  there  is  nothing  elee 
to  depend  upon  than  a  passage  in  Leland's 
Itinerary,  containing,  as  he  said,  "  notable 
things  following  I  learned  of  an  ould  man 
made  lately  a  monk  at  Gloucester." 

Leland  gives  the  facts  all  of  a  jumble^ 
without  any  regard  to  chronology;  bat 
by  comparing  the  "  ould  man's"  statement 
that  Horton  made  the  north  transept,  or 
**  cross  aile,"  and  that  the  south  transept 
and  presbytery  vault  were  made  by  the 
oblations  at  the  king's  tomb,  with  the 
corresponding  statements  in  the  Chronicle 
that  Horton  made  the  aisle  of  St.  Paul, 
and  that  the  aisle  of  St.  Andrew  and  g^reat 
vault  were  made  by  the  oblations,  the 
Professor  shewed  that  the  north  transept 
was  St.  Paul's  aisle  and  the  south  transept 
St.  Andrew's  aisle,  contrary  to  the  re- 
ceived opinion  that  the  latter  term  was 
applied  to  the  north  transept.  Leland's 
informant  also  said  that  Abbot  Seabroke 


I860.] 


Archaoloffical  Institute,  Gloucester. 


273 


built  a  great  part  of  the  tower,  which  was 
"  a  pharos  to  all  parts  of  the  hills."  It  is 
so  still,  at  least  by  daylight,  for  a  light  is 
not  put  up  at  night.  Then  Leland  saya 
that  Morwent  erected  the  stately  porch 
and  two  pillars  at  the  west  end  of  the 
nave,  being  minded  to  make  the  whole 
alike.  We  most  be  glad  that  he  did  not 
live  to  spoil  the  Norman  by  his  poor  Per- 
pendicular. It  was  worth  remarking  that 
these  important  facts,  together  with  the 
building  of  the  Lady-chapel  by  Abbots 
Hanley  and  Farley  between  1450  and 
1470,  have  been  preserved  to  ns  solely  by 
Leland's  conversation  with  the  old  monk. 

The  Professor  had  now  done  with  his- 
tory, and  would  shew  what  use  could  be 
made  of  it  in  fixing  the  dates  of  the  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  cathedral.  First  we 
have  got  the  date  of  the  crypt.  The  men- 
tion in  the  Chronicle  of  a  Saxon  foundation 
has  led  many  antiquaries  to  believe  that  the 
Saxons  commenced  the  present  church  and 
the  Normans  completed  it.  But  there  are 
alterations  in  the  crypt  of  a  very  curious 
character;  and  tins  is  a  very  important 
point  for  consideration.  One  carious  point 
— he  had  only  discovered  it  the  day  bef(»*e 
— is,  that  in  the  crypt  the  chapels  which 
radiate  from  the  choir  instead  of  being 
polygonal  are  circular,  for  on  examining, 
by  digging,  some  of  the  outer  walls  now 
covered  with  grass,  he  found  that  they 
were  arcs  of  circles.  It  was  clear  to  him 
that  when  the  foundations  of  the  cathedral 
were  laid,  the  crypt  was  planned  to  re- 
ceive the  existing  superstructure,  and  no 
other.  Indeed,  in  its  design  it  is  far  too 
complicated  fur  a  Saxon  church.  He  rested 
his  opinion  on  this  great  complexity  of  the 
plan.  The  building  it  in  conception  a  Nor- 
man church  from  bottom  to  top.  It  is, 
however,  a  very  early  instance  of  Norman 
polygonal  chapels;  and  indeed  every  ex- 
ample of  other  styles  is  early  at  Gloucester. 
We  find  the  arches  of  the  crypt  ribbed 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


rudely,  but  in  parts  of  the  superstructure 
they  are  not  ribbed,  but  groined.  Now  all 
the  buildings  before  the  Conquest  had  not 
such  vaults;  and  he  thought  some  of  the 
first  of  that  construction  might  be  churned 
for  the  nave  of  Gloucester. 

The  statement  of  the  Chronicle  that  the 
tower  fell  down  is  confirmed  by  the  state 
of  the  walls,  which  shews  that  the  founda- 
tion of  the  building  was  faulty.  It  ap- 
pears to  have  settled,  and  become  in  a 
dangerous  state;  and  an  examination  of 
the  ribbed  vault  of  the  crypt  shews  an- 
other curious  fact ;  it  is  found  that  origi- 
nally they  were  groined,  so  that  the  vault 
is  not  a  real  ribbed  vault.  These  ribs 
have,  indeed,  been  inserted  under  a  pre- 
vious groined  vault,  to  prop  it  up.  The 
builders  saw  the  building  settling  in  a 
dangerous  way,  and  the  Norman  rib-vault 
having  been  already  employed  in  the  side 
aisles  of  the  nave,  they  applied  it  in  this 
ingenious  way.  They  also  at  the  same 
time  cased  the  small  columns  in  the  aisles 
of  the  crypt,  so  as  to  increase  their  di- 
ameter to  enable  them  to  support  these 
additional  ribs. 

At  first  sight  the  south  and  north 
transepts,  as  well  as  the  choir,  appear  to 
be  in  the  Perpendicular  style,  and  they 
were  so  characterised  by  Rickman;  and, 
indeed,  this  is  true  for  the  north  tran- 
sept and  choir,  but  the  south  transept  is 
of  mixed  or  transitional  character,  still 
retuning  flowing  lines  in  the  tracery. 
Now,  as  regards  the  way  in  which  this  ia 
done;  all  this  beautifnl  tracery  is  cemented 
against  the  Norman  wall  behind.  Parts 
of  the  choir  are  nothing  but  the  ancient 
Norman  work  cut  down  and  shaped ;  this 
shews  the  skill  and  economy  of  the 
builders. 

Professor  Willis  was  inclined  to  think 
the  Perpendicular  style  might  have  com- 
menced in  this  district;  it  must  have 
begun  somewhere ;    in   some  place    the 

Kk 


274 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Sept. 


muUion  most  have  been  carried  up  for 
the  first  time;  and  he  knew  no  place  so 
likely  as  Gloucester  to  have  produced  the 
change  of  style.  There  are  no  dates  so 
early.  The  earliest  is  the  great  west 
window  of  Winchester,  built  in  1350  or 
1360,  in  which  the  style  is  complete. 
But  at  Gloucester  we  have  a  Perpen- 
dicular design,  essentially  the  same,  in 
the  south  transept,  north  transept,  presby- 
tery, and  Lady-chapel.  But  retaining  in 
the  first  example  in  1330  many  Decorated 
characters,  it  becomes  more  perfectly  Per- 
pendicular in  the  succeeding  examples. 

The  lines  of  the  complex  vault  are 
peculiar  to  England,  the  ribs  run  like  a 
spider's  web,  and  are  most  difficult  to 
work  out.  There  are  earlier  examples 
elsewhere  than  the  vault  of  the  south 
transept,  which  is  the  earliest  in  this 
cathedral;  but  very  few  bmldings  have 
such  magnificent  examples  as  the  vaults 
of  Gloucester.  But  there  is  this  pecu- 
liarity in  this  kind  of  vault,  that  it  de- 
mands great  skill  in  the  art  of  stone  cut- 
ting, so  that  the  joints  may  lie  truly  toge- 
ther, without  which  all  would  fall  to  the 
ground.  That  shews  that  the  builders  of 
the  cathedral  were  most  skilful  masons. 
This  led  to  fan-vaulting,  a  noble  example 
of  which  is  seen  in  the  cloisters.  The  fan 
is  not  much  like  a  lady's  fan,  but  more 
like  an  umbrella  turned  inside  out,  be- 
cause the  curvature  of  the  ribs  is  all 
the  same.  This  style  of  vaulting  is  en- 
tirely peculiar  to  England;  there  is  no 
specimen  of  it  on  the  Continent,  that  he 
had  ever  seen,  and  all  foreigners  he  had 
consulted  say  they  had  nothing  like  it; 
besides,  they  do  not  like  it ;  it  is  uncon- 
genial to  their  eyes,  and  they  say  it  looks 
like  a  thing  turned  inside  out.  This  vault- 
ing at  Gloucester  is  clearly  dated  1360, 
and  there  is  nothing  like  it  till  long  after, 
the  examples  being  generally  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII. ;  therefore  we  may  assume 


that  this  school  of  masons  produced  fan- 
vaulting.  He  was  not  saying  this  to  pay 
a  compliment  to  Gloucester ;  for  he  might 
add  he  had  put  this  opinion  in  print  many 
years  ago. 

Tbe  whole  building,  indeed,  is  fnll  of 
peculiar  and  ingenious  fancies.  What  ia 
more  peculiar  than  the  slender  arch  below 
the  great  arch  of  the  tower,  looking  like 
a  piece  of  carpentry  in  stone,  and  ap- 
parently holding  up  the  vault?  It  is  a 
deception,  because  that  really  rests  securely 
on  the  wall  behind.  But  the  object  is  not 
to  deceive,  it  is  built  for  a  good  lesthetic 
reason.    Unless  some  resting  point  was 

provided,  the  builders  must  have  allowed 
the  capital  to  hang  down  to  a  level  with 
the  others  without  anything  to  support 
it,  or  altered  the  arch  above,  and  thus 
have  disturbed  the  curvature  of  the  vault. 
He  believed  that  this  flying  arch  was  con- 
trived to  get  rid  of  these  defects.  All 
this  appears  to  be  characteristic  of  a  school 
of  masons  who  were  extremely  skilful,  and 
glad  of  an  opportunity  of  shewing  their 
skill,  as  a  modem  engineer  likes  to  carry 
his  railway  through  a  chain  of  mountains 
when  he  has  a  plain  valley  before  him, 
merely  to  shew  his  skill.  The  original 
south  aisle  ran  completely  round  the  east 
end  of  the  choir.  Abbot  Horton  was  de- 
termined to  extend  it^  and  in  so  doing 
contrived  to  solve  the  problem  of  getting 
an  east  window  wider  than  the  side  walls 
which  contained  it  Professor  Willis  then 
described,  by  reference  to  the  plans,  how 
the  builders  contrived  to  sustain  the  side 
walls  so  as  to  relieve  the  old  walls  of  the 
weight  of  the  new  superstructure.  He 
admired  the  ingenuity  of  the  middle 
ages,  but  whatever  may  be  said  of  their 
science  as  shewn  in  their  masonry,  he 
believed  they  had  none.  Tbey  were  per- 
fectly practical  and  most  ingenious  men ; 
they  worked  experimentally;  if  their 
buildings  were  strong  enough,  there  they 
stood ;  if  they  were  too  strong,  they  also 
stood ;  but  if  they  were  too  weak,  they 
gave  way,  and  they  put  props  and  built 
the  next  stronger.  That  was  their  science, 
and  very  good  practical  science  it  was,  bnt 


I860.] 


Arc/ueologieal  Institute,  Gloucester. 


275 


in  many  cases  they  imperilled  their  work 
and  gave  trouble  to  fntare  restorers.  The 
learned  Professor  oondnded  amidst  much 
applause,  and  received  a  hearty  vote  of 
thanks. 

In  the  afternoon  Professor  Willia  led  a 
very  nnmerons  company  through  the  ca- 
thedral, pansing  at  smtable  places  to  give 
ladd  explanations  of  the  scene  around. 
The  tour  commenced  at  the  Lady-chapel, 
where  he  pointed  out  the.  exuberance  of 
fancy  displayed  by  the  architect,  especially 
in  two  flying  anchee,  one  <m  each  side, 
contrived  for  the  purpose  of  preserving 
the  screen-like  character  whidi  is  the  pre- 
vailing style  of  the  catbedraL  Then  pro- 
ceeding to  the  doorway  of  the  chapel,  be 
called  attention  to  the  great  window  and 
its  peculiar  feature^  it  being  wider  than 
the  width  of  the  nde  walls. .  He  pdnted 
out  that  the  nde  usles,  which  endrde  the 
choir  in  the  original  edifice,  ran  round  the 
end  of  the  building;  that  the  cathedral 
was  then  enlarged  by  the  length  of  the 
two  pier-ardies  in  the  present  choir,  and 
that  the  window  was  made  wider  than 
the  width  of  the  mde  walls.  He  made 
this  clear  to  the  audience  by  pointing  out 
details  of  construction  whidi  cannot  be 
reproduced  in  a  written  account. 

Frooecding  into  the  choir,  or  presbytery, 
as  this  part  of  a  building  was  originally 
called,  he  remarked  that  the  dedgn  had 
been  aptly  compared  to  a  veil  thrown  over 
the  fiuce  of  the  original  edifice.  In  all 
cathedrals,  he  observed,  a  screen,  about 
the  hdght  of  the  present  altar-screen, 
separated  the  didr  firom  the  nde  «sles 
and  transepts^  but  in  this  cathedral  the 
screen  is  carried  to  the  roof,  and  the 
result  was  a  beanUftd  if  not  unique  dioir. 
The  screen  of  tracery  which  formed  the 
sides  was,  in  truth,  merdy  plastered  on 
the  Korman  wall;  in  some  instances  the 
new  mulUons  had  been  built  up,  but  in 
others  the  original  Norman  columns  had 
been  chipped  down  until  they  harmoniBed 
with  the  general  design.  He  called  at- 
tention to  the  flying  ardies  between  the 
piers  supporting  the  tower  already  men- 
tioned. He  directed  attention  to  the 
spider-Uke  vaulting  of  the  roof,  on  whidi 
so  much  money  had  been  qpent.  But. com- 


plicated  as  the  ornamentation  appeared, 
throwing  out  lines  in  every  direction, 
whidi  interpenetrated  in  glorious  confii- 
non  but  with  rich  efl^,  the  comi^cation 
was  really  the  efi^ect  of  perspective,  fbr 
when  reduced  to  drawing  the  lines  formed 
a  simple  geometrical  #gure.  He  made  ft 
cursory  allunon  to  the  tomb  of  Bdward  II., 
whose  ashes  were  reposing  dose  to  himi 
to  him  th^  owed  the  glorious  fhbrio  in 
which  they  stood,  for  it  was  reared  with 
the  offerings  made  on  his  tomb  by  i^ 
grims  who  regarded  him  as  a  mar^. 

From  the  chdr  Professor  Willis  pro- 
ceeded to  its  south  a&de^  and  pointed  oui 
the  evidence  that  the  beautifhl  traoeiy  of 
the  interior  of  the  choir  was  BoUnng  but 
a  vdl  or  screen  plastered  <ni  the  fhce  of 
the  Norman  walL  There  was  a  marvel* 
lous  contrast,  he  said,  between  the  soU^ty 
of  the  Norman  piers  of  the  original  struc- 
ture and  the  eoLtxyoie  thinness  of  the  pier 
of  that  part  of  the  dioir  added  by  re- 
moving the  aisle  which  originally  swept 
round  the  end  of  it.  He  pointed  out 
where  the  drenlar  work  was  cut  ofl^  and 
the  addition  began,  and  also  the  ardi  con- 
trived to  relieve  the  slight  pier  of  the 
weight  of  the  superstructure^  which  it 
was  not  strong  enough  to  bear.  Hm 
new  pier  is  only,  as  it  were*  one  bri(^ 
thick,  and  one  ardi  looks  like  a  piece  of 
pasteboard.  He  called  attention  to  the 
distortion  of  the  Norman  ardies  of  the 
vault»  which  he  described  as  broken- 
backed,  in  a  manner  which  dearly  aroee 
ftx>m  the  sinking  of  the  fbundal^ons  of 
the  edifice. 

IVofessor  Willis  then  prooeeded  into  the 
south  transept^  wludi  he  had  identified 
with  whit  in  Abbot  Frocester's  Qhroi^d* 
is  called  Si.  Andrew's  aide.  Other  arciisd- 
dogists  thought  the  north  transept  wis 
St.  Andrew's^  because  St.  Andrew's  chapd 
was  on  that  sid^  but  this  point  he  sdd  was 
dearly  settled,  as  he  had  stated,  by  a  com- 
parison of  the  Chnmide  with  Leland's  ao- 
eount.  He  ^fireeted  attention  to*tbe  screen- 
like design  of  the  east  and  west  walk; 
thi%  he  said,  generally  was  considered  to 
be  in  the  Perpendicular  styles  but  it  was 
wanting  in  its  diief  characteristic,  as  th0 
mullioiis  were  not  carried  straight  up  ta 


276 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


the  head  of  the  arch ;  before  reaching  it 
they  branched  off  into  arches,  and  the 
tracery  of  the  windows  completely  nega- 
tived the  idea  that  the  style  was  com- 
plete Perpendicular. 

The  vaalt  of  the  transept,  he  said,  was 
fine,  and  one  of  the  earliest  specimens  of 
this  complex  class  of  rib-yaulting.  Owing 
to  the  difference  of  the  angles  of  the  ribs, 
such  a  vault  was  very  dif&cult  of  construc- 
tion ;  most  skilful  workmanship  was  neces- 
sary to  make  the  ribs  join  at  the  inter- 
sections, and  this  led  to  the  use  of  bosses, 
which,  while  they  concealed  defective 
work,  greatly  enriched  the  roof.  But 
in  this  example  there  were  no  bosses; 
the  ribs  joined  perfectly,  and  it  appeared 
as  if  the  masons  desired  that  the  skilful- 
ness  of  their  work  should  be  shewn. 

He  directed  attention  to  the  manner  in 
which  the  architect,  having  two  Norman 
shafts  on  the  &ce  of  the  piers  of  the 
towers,  but  being  discordant  to  the  gene- 
ral design,  had  made  them  run  into  one  at 
the  top,  like  as  they  sometimes  saw  water- 
pipes,  but,  said  the  learned  Professor,  it 
was  an  escape  from  a  difficulty  which  he 
could  not  commend.     The  transept,   he 
said,  also  shewed  the  daring  with  which 
the  builders  allowed  the  lines  to  cut  each 
other;  for  the  line  of  the  flying  buttress 
supporting  the  wall  of  the  choir  was  car- 
ried through  the  panelling  of  the  transept. 
Professor  Willis  then  led  the  company  to 
the  triforium,  or  gallery  above  the  choir 
aisle  on  the  south  side ;  and  again  enlarged 
on  the  proofs  that  the  tracery  of  the  in- 
terior walls  of  the  choir  is  simply  a  face 
cemented    upon  the   Norman    structure. 
Leading  the  company  to  three  flying  but- 
tresses which  spring  from  the  outer  walls 
of  the  cathedral  at  the  bend  of  the  apse, 
and  meet  in  a  point  behind  the  wall  of 
the  choir,   something  in  the  form   of  a 
three-legged  stool,  and  to  the  discharging 
arches  in  the  walls,  he  said  these  were  in- 
stances of  the  ingenuity  and  skill  of  the 
ancient  masons.    They  now  saw  how  it 
was  that  they  had  been  able  to  make  the 
pier  of  the  new  part  of  the  choir  so  slight ; 
these  flying  buttresses  really  sustained  the 
weight  of  that  part  of  the  buttress  above 
the  triforium,  so  that  the  pier  below  really 


sustained  a  very  small  share  of  the  weight. 
He  here  remarked  on  the  economy  of  ma- 
terials practised  by  the  ancient  masons; 
they  never  threw  away  a  Norman  pier 
when  they  could  work  it  up;  and  there 
were  several  instances  of  it  in  different 
parts  of  the  building. 

After  a  cursory  inspection  of  the  Abbot's 
Chapel,  looking  into  the  Lady-chapel, 
Professor  Willis  passed  through  the  whis- 
pering gallery  into  the  south  triforium,  or 
gallery  of  the  choir,  directing  attention  by 
the  way  to  a  very  beautiful  piscina,  and 
then  descended  into  the  north  transept. 
This,  he  said,  had  been  copied  from  the 
south  transept,  having  been  built  forty 
years  later,  and  the  Perpendicular  cha- 
racter was  more  positive,  for  while  in  the 
south  transept  the  muUions  branched  off 
into  arches  before  reaching  the  roof,  here 
they  were  continued  up  to  the  roof.  This, 
then,  was  the  complete  characteristic  of 
Perpendicular  as  laid  down  by  Bickman. 
But  Rickman's  dates  of  the  styles,  he 
remarked,  had  been  adopted  without 
mnch  enquiry,  and  were  not  altogether 
supported  by  the  researches  of  more 
modern  archseologists.  Bickman  was 
not  a  learned  person ; ,  he  had  fixed  the 
characters  of  the  styles  by  observing 
them,  but  of  the  history  of  the  buildings 
he  took  small  account. 

There  were  two  other  features  of  the 
north  transept  which  Professor  Willis 
said  are  highly  interesting.  One,  the 
Norman  chapel  on  the  east  side,  in 
which  the  groin  edges  of  the  vault 
are  carried  down  the  piers  in  a  man- 
ner quite  unique;  the  other,  the  early 
English  screen,  under  the  north  window, 
(erected,  he  knew  not  for  what  purpose^ 
perhaps  to  form  a  reliquary,)  a  very  beau- 
tiful piece  of  workmanship.  The  audience 
now  followed  Professor  Willis  into  the 
noble  Norman  nave,  which  was  bathed  ia 
the  hues  streaming  fkt)m  the  great  punted 
western  window.  He  dilated  on  the  noble 
columns  standing  like  giants  g^oarding  the 
dead;  and  pointed  out  the  alterations 
which  had  been  made  in  the  original  de- 
sign. The  north  aisle,  he  said,  is  of  pore 
Norman  work,  having  a  ribbed  vaults  the 
windows  being  raised  hig)i  in  order  to 


I860.] 


Arehaohgical  ItutUute,  Gtoucetter. 


277 


clear  the  roof  of  the  cloisters  oatside. 
Then,  taming  to  the  south  aisle,  he  pcnnted 
oat  that  it  was  a  ribhed  roof,  erected  by 
Abbot  Thokey,  and  that  the  work  was 
badly  done.  The  ribs  fell  npon  Norman 
piers,  which  were  palpably  too  large. 
A  tower  orig^ally  stood  at  the  sooth- 
west  angle  of  the  nav^  bnt  had  fidlen 
down,  and  the  walls  were  twisted  and 
^Ustorted  by  the  sinking  of  the  founda- 
tion, and  had  been  partly  rebnilt.  The 
south  porch  was  then  usefal  as  a  battress 
to  the  wall. 

The  windows  on  this  side  were  very 
rare ;  there  were  some  in  Merton  College, 
Oxford,  as  already  stated,  one  at  Badge- 
worth,  and  one  in  St.  Michael's,  in  this 
city.  Professor  Willis  drew  attention  to 
the  very  beautiM  triforium  and  its  dus- 
ters of  marble  pillars,  with  capitals  rest- 
ing in  rather  an  odd  way  on  other  pillars; 
the  vault  of  the  nave  was  built  by  the 
monks,  not  by  oommon  workmen,  and 
this  arrangement  might  have  been  one  of 
the  consequences  of  amateur  workman- 
ship. He  enlarged  on  the  contrast  between 
noble  Norman  piers  and  the  two  paltry 
Perpendicular  piers  erected  by  Abbot  Mor- 
went  at  the  west  end  of  the  nave,  in  con- 
tinuation of  it;  much  would  the  edifice 
have  suffered  if  he  bad  lived  to  carry  out 
his  desigpi  of  converting  the  whole  c^  the 
nave  into  the  same  style. 

Professor  Willis  then  descended  into 
the  Crypt — dark,  and  dose,  and  damp; 
but  he  was  fbllowed  even  by  the  ladies,  so 
great  was  the  interest  exdted  by  his  lucid 
explanations.  The  cathedral,  he  said,  was 
built  on  a  quidnand,  and  there  was  fbr- 
merly  much  water  in  tlie  crypt,  but  it 
had  since  been  drained.  He  diewed  how 
the  Norman  arches  had  been  torn  and 
twisted  by  the  dnking  of  the  piers,  and 
supported  by  additional  ribs.  Certain  ar- 
chflBologists  were  of  opinion  that  it  was 
a  Norman  building  on  a  Saxon  structure, 
the  idea  being  based  on  the  rudenen  of 
the  piers.  But  it  so  happened  that  a  Nor- 
man pier  had  been  discovered  encased  in 
the  clumsy  masonry,  so  that  if  they  were 
right,  the  ancient  masons^  finding  the 
Saxon  piers  were  not  strong  enough  to 
sustun   the  snperstmeture,   must   have 


somehow  strengthened  this  by  putting 
a  Norman  piUar  in  the  heart  of  it. 

Betummg  to  daylight^  Professor  Willis 
proceeded  into  the  doisters.  He  repeated 
that  the  ftn-traoery  of  the  roof  was  the 
earliest  spedmen  esEtant.  The  monks  used 
the  doisters  for  meditation,  exercise,  and 
study,  and  the  recesses  or  <*  carols'*  in  the 
wall  were  really  studies  in  whidi  the 
monks  sat  and  rmd.  Some  of  the  windows 
still  exist,  and  Professor  Willis  sat  down 
in  one  of  them  to  shew  that  there  was 
room  for  a  monk  and  a  desk  before  him. 
Then  proceeding  to  the  end  of  the  west 
doister,  he  pdnted  out  the  door  of  the 
refectory,  and,  passing  onward,  the  lava- 
tory on  one  side,  an  unusually  large  one^ 
and  the  sudatory,  or  place  for  towds, 
on  the  other.  He  then  proceeded  to 
the  restored  Chapter-room,  the  walls 
of  whidi  were  covered  with  rubbings  of 
brasses,  which  were  exhiUted  and  ex- 
pkined  by  the  Rev.  H.  Haines.  The 
eastern  end  is  later  work  than  the  rest, 
and  Plrafossor  WilUs  supposed  fVom  oer- 
tHin  features  that  it  had  been  gradually 
intended  to  dumge  the  style  of  the  whoto 
room. 

The  little  doister  outside  the  walls 
was  then  visited.  Professor  WlOis  sdd 
the  traceried  wall  remaimng  was  the  inner 
wall  of  the  doister;  the  outer  wall  has 
disappeared,  and  he  expUuned  that  the 
arches  standing  there  are  not  part  of  a 
dinrch,  but  part  of  the  Infirmary  of  the 
monastery,  which  was  always  built  in  the 
form  of  a  church.  He  then  called  atten- 
tion to  the  ingenuity  with  whidi  the 
Lady-chapd  was  connected  with  the 
dunr;  pointed  out  the  gallery  thrown 
ftom  one  to  the  other ;  the-  lightness  of 
the  buttress  supporting  the  great  window, 
and  pierced,  not  to  obstruct  the  light; 
the  polygonal  shape  of  the  radiating 
diapds^  which  are  exceedingly  rare  in 
Norman  architecture,  and  tiie  circular 
foundations  below  which  he  had  uncovered, 
and  explained  that  the  opening  and  path, 
way  under  the  Lady-chapd  was  not  a 
caprice,  but  was  necessary,  as  onginaUy  a 
wall  prevented  a  passage  round  the  end  of 
it.  Professor  Willis  reachhig  the  College 
Qveen,  mounted  his  ehair  for  the  last  time^ 


278 


Aniiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


and,  having  pointed  out  how  the  Norman 
work  had  heen  made  use  of,  took  his  leave, 
amid  the  warm  thanks  of  his  auditors. 

Later  in  the  evening  there  was  a  con- 
versa^one  in  the  Corn  Exchange,  at  which 
the  Mayor  presided,  and  where  Dr.  Col- 
ling wood  Bruce,  the  historian  of  the  Roman 
Wall,  gave  a  very  interesting  discourse, 
pointing  out  in  detail  hoth  the  contrasts 
and  the  resemblances  between  the  Roman 
settlements  in  the  North  and  in  the  South 
of  Britain,  influenced  as  these  were  by  the 
one  district  having  early  sunk  into  subjec- 
tion, and  being  thus  at  peace,  and  the 
other  in  reality  never  being  fully  subdued; 
the  settlements  in  the  South  are  cities — in 
the  North  they  are  camps. 

Saturday,  July  21.  Visit  to  Wanswell 
CouBT,  Bebeeley  and  Thobnbuby 
Castles. 

In  spite  of  very  bad  weather,  a  large 
party,  including  many  ladies,  proceedid 
by  the  train  to  Berkeley-road  Station,  and 
thence  in  vehicles  to  the  house  and  castle. 

Wanswell  Court  is  a  remarkably  perfect 
house,  of  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  was  explained  by  Mr.  Parker, 
in  whose  work  on  the  "  Domestic  Archi- 
tecture of  the  Middle  Ages"  it  is  fully 
described  and  engraved. 

Arriving  at  Berkeley  Castle,  they  soon 
commenced  the  Lusiness  of  inspection, 
going  through  the  hall,  drawing-room, 
music-room,  chapel,  kitchens,  &c.,  and 
finally  into  King  Edward's  room,  Mr. 
Parker  making  a  few  explanatory  and 
descriptive  remarks  during  the  progress. 
Some  interest  was  excited  by  the  curious 
"Berkeley  arch,**  which  is  peculiar  to 
some  parts  of  this  castle,  and  to  some 
churches  and  tombs  in  Bristol.  With  re- 
spect to  King  Edward*s  room,  Mr.  Parker 
considered  it  still  a  doubtful  point  whe- 
ther this  was  the  room  in  which  the 
murder  of  that  King  was  committed. 
The  bedstead,  which  is  known  not  to  be 
very  ancient,  he  said  was  an  old  Jacobean 
one,  while  the  rapier  is  one  of  about  the 
time  of  James. 

From  the  Castle  the  party  went  to  the 
Church,  whose  leading  characteristics  were 
commented  on  by  Mr.  Freeman.  He  espe- 


cially pointed  out  the  beautiful  series  of 
flowered  capitals  and  deeply  regretted  that 
his  audience  had  not  been  allowed  the  oppor- 
tunity of  comparing  them  with  the  series 
at  Slymbridge,  equally  beautiful,  but  of 
quite  another  kind.  Mr.  Freeman's  re- 
marks were,  for  the  most  part,  an  abstract 
of  the  minute  account  of  Berkeley  Church 
communicated  by  him  to  the  "Eodesio- 
logist,*'  vol.  XV.  (1859,)  p.  73. 

The  party  then  entered  tbeir  yebides, 
and  proceeded  to  Thornbury  Church,  being 
favoured  on  their  journey  with  only  an  occa- 
sional shower.  The  Rev.  M.  F.  Stephens 
Townsend,  the  vicar,  received  the  party  on 
arriving  at  the  church,  and  conducted 
them  over  it.  He  stated  that  it  was  re- 
stored a  few  years  ago  at  a  cost  of  £3,000, 
and  pointed  out  some  of  the  noteworthy 
portions  of  the  building.  Mr.  Parker  ex- 
plained that  the  chancel  was  a  restoration 
of  the  original  one,  which  was  built  late 
in  the  thirteenth  century ;  it  was  restored 
a  few  years  ago,  when  the  art  of  restora- 
tion was  not  so  well  understood  at  now. 
The  font,  which  is  a  good  specimen  of 
Early  English  work,  was  examined,  as 
was  the  brass  plate  in  the  floor  of  the 
chancel  over  the  tomb  of  Thomas  Tyndell, 
bearing  date  1571,  together  with  the  curi- 
ous monuments  to  Sir  John  Stafford,  Roger 
Fowke,  &c.  The  registers  of  the  church 
were  next  inspected.  The  oldest  bore  date 
1538,  and  consisted  of  a  series  of  sheets  of 
paper  fastened  together,  and  was  much 
stained  and  torn;  the  later  ones  were 
bound  into  books.  The  entries  in  the 
various  registers  appeared  to  have  been 
most  carefully  made.  An  old  stone  corbel, 
representing  the  head  of  a  female,  with 
other  remains,  were  shewn,  as  portions  of 
the  old  edifice  before  its  restoration,  and 
they  were  pronounced  to  be  of  the  same 
date  as  the  original  church. 

The  party  next  visited  the  Castl^  now 
belonging  to  U.  Howard,  Esq.  The  in- 
scription over  the  gate,  *'  W^iSk  ®at(  IMS 
lErecun  in  t^e  vcar  of  our  Xorlf  (SoU 
1511,  in  tbe  seconTi  Qcar  of  tl^e  reign  oC 
lEting  '^enrp  'Fill.,  be  me  lEHtnarTi  9aiu 
of  Idttcking^am,  lEarl  of  1|ereforTi,  Staf- 
ford, anil  i^orti)ampton,**  attracted  notice ; 
and  the  beautifiilly  moulded  brick  chim- 


I860.] 


Archaological  Institute,  Gloucester. 


279 


neys  were  much  admired,  Mr.  Parker  re- 
marking that  they  were  some  of  the  finest 
brick  chimneys  in  England.  The  party 
were  then  shewn  over  a  portion  of  the 
castle  which  has  been  restored  and  is  osed 
as  a  residence,  while  a  few  years  ago  bats 
and  owls  were  its  only  occupants.  Mr. 
Parker  explained  that  the  castle  had  never 
been  finished,  on  account  of  the  fall  of  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham.  According  to  the 
walls  and  the  proportions  of  the  existing 
parts,  these  latter  were  only  a  sixth  part 
of  the  entire  building  if  it  had  been  com- 
pleted. Having  assembled  on  the  lawn, 
pointing  to  the  building  he  said  it  was  a 
fine  specimen  of  the  much-despised  Per- 
pendicular style ;  but  looking  at  the  beau- 
tiful bay  windows,  he  thought  hardly  any 
one  would  ventjore  to  say  it  was  a  style 
that  ought  to  be  universally  despised.  The 
party  next  inspected  the  site  of  the  ancient 
kitchens  and  other  portions  of  the  building, 
until  the  rain  drove  them  to  seek  shelter ; 
and  finally  most  of  them  mounted  the 
tower,  from  which  a  splendid  panorama  of 
the  surrounding  country  was  visible,  in- 
cluding the  Severn,  portions  of  the  Wye, 
the  Wyndclifie,  Fiercefield,  and  the  dis- 
tant hills. 

After  luncheon,  the  party  returned  to 
Gloucester. 

Monday,  July  23.    Excttbsion  to  Ross 

AND  GOODBIOH  CaSTLB. 

At  the  morning  meeting  the  Rev.  H.  G. 
Nichols  read  a  paper  on 

The  Iron  Wobks  of  thb  Fobest  of 
Dean. 

He  described  the  cavities  in  the  iron- 
mine  limestone  rocks,  which  testify  to  the 
labours  of  the  early  miners,  specified  the 
nature  and  position  of  the  metallic  cinders 
yet  found  in  and  about  this  mining  dis- 
trict, and  gave  an  account  of  the  history  of 
the  Dean  Forest  iron- works  from  the  ear- 
liest to  the  present  age.  "  With  regard 
to  the  character  of  the  old  mine  holes, 
they  either  resemble  deep  and  tortuous 
stone  quarries,  open  to  the  sky  (as  at 
Bream),  or  spacious  caverns  penetrating 
under  ground  for  long  distances,  and  of 
most  capacious  and  uncertain   direction 


and  shape.    Thus,  sometimes  after  pro- 
ceeding a  considerable  distance,  perhaps 
not  more  than  a  yard  or  more  in  height 
or  width,  they  open  out  into  spacious 
vaults,  fifteen  feet  across,  the  site,  pro- 
bably, of  some  valuable  *  pocket*  or  *  chum' 
of  ore,  and  then,  again,  where  the  supply 
was  less  abundant,  narrowing  into  a  width 
hardly  sufficient  to  admit  the  human  body. 
Occasionally  the  passage  divides  and  unites 
again,  or  abruptly  stops,  turning  ofi^  at  a 
sharp  angle  or  changing  its  level,  where 
rude  steps  cut  in  the  rock  shew  the  mode 
by  which  the  old  miners  ascended  or  de- 
scended ;  whilst  sometimes  the  woodwork 
of  step-ladders  have  been  found  semi-car- 
bonized by  age.  These  excavations  abound 
on  every  side  of  the  forest,  wherever,  in 
short,  the  iron  ore  makes  its  appearance, 
giving  the  name  of  '  meand,'  or  mine,  to 
such  places.      It  may  also  be  observed, 
that  in  the  time  of  the  Great  Rebellion, 
the  terrified  inhabitants  of  the  neighbour- 
hood are  said  to  have  fled  to  these  sub- 
terranean passages  for  safety  when  pur- 
sued by  the  hostile  soldiery  of  either  party 
who  frequented  these  parts.    The  fact  of 
these  underground  workings  presenting 
no  trace  of  the  use  of  any  kind  of  ma- 
chinery, either  for  raising  the  ore  or  water, 
or  for  their  artificial  ventilation,  or  of  the 
employment  of  gunpowder,  or,  in  short, 
the  display  of  any  mining  skill,  afibrds  a 
further  confirmation  of  their  remote  ori- 
gin."     A  great    many  Roman  remains 
found  in  them  proved  that  the  Romans 
worked  these  places.  Mr.  NichoUs  noticed 
the  ancestors  of  the  present  "  Free  Miners 
of  the  Forest  of  Dean,"  who  must  have 
been,  as  their  descendants  still  are,  a  most 
peculiar   people.      The    origin    of  their 
liberty  has  not  been  clearly  discovered, 
but  it  seems  to  have  been  granted  them 
as  a  recognition  of  their  services  to  the 
English  Crown  at  the  sieges  of  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed,  in  the  reigns  of  the  first 
three  Edwards.     The  worthy  poetess  of 
the  Forest,   Kitty  Drew,  has  expressed 

the  tradition  thus : — 

"  I  am  told  that  many  ages  back 
A  foreign  army  did  our  land  invade, 
And  blood  and  carnage  then  ixras  all  the  trade ; 
They  pitched  their  tents,  and  then  without  delay 
They  waited  anxious  for  the  bloody  fray. 


280 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelliffencer. 


[Sept. 


Bat  our  bold  miners  underneath  did  get, 
And  many  tons  of  powder  there  did  set; 
Lo !  up  they  blew  the  unsuspecting  foe, 
Their  shattered  limbs  came  rattling  down  below. 
Our  land  thus  cleared,  our  liberty  thus  saved. 
Our  noble  miners  dug  the  caitiffs'  grave. 
The  King  with  honour  did  them  so  regard. 
Made  them  Free  Miners  as  a  just  reward ; 
The  Forest  Charter  to  them  granted  was, 
And  firm  and  sure  were  made  the  Forest  laws." 

The  book  of  the  miners'  laws  and  pri- 
vileges, which   they  call  ''Dennis,'*  and 
consider  as  their  "Magna  Charta,"  seems  to 
belong  to  the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  is  indeed  a  curious  composi- 
tion.  Every  man  who  possessed  the  liberty 
of  the  Forest  might,  with  the  approval  of 
the  king's  gaveller,  dig  for  iron  ore  or 
coal  where  he  pleased,  and  have  right  of 
way  for  the  carrying  of  it,  although  in 
certain  cases  "forbids"  to  sell  might  be 
declared.    A  third  part  of  the  profits  of 
the  undertaking  belonged  to  the  king, 
whose  gaveller  called  at  the  works  every 
Tuesday  between  matins  and   mass,  and 
received  one  penny  from  each  miner,  the 
fellowship  supplying  the  forges  with  twelve 
charges  of  ore  per  week  at  12d.,  or  three 
charges  of  coal  at  Id.  Timber  was  allowed 
for  the  use  of  the  works  above  and  below 
ground.     Only  such  persons  as  had  been 
bom  and  were  abiding  in  the  forest  were 
to  "visit"  the  mines,  in  working  which 
the  distance  of  a  stone's  throw  was  always 
to  be  observed,  and  property  in  them  might 
be  bequeathed.   Although  with  the  change 
of  circumstances  the  free  miner's  exclusive 
position  is  qualified,  yet  even    now  all 
workings  are  commenced  under  his  aus- 
pices, and  he  continues  to  receive  prelimi- 
nary possession  as  follows: — The  gaveller 
goes  to  the  spot  selected  for  the  new  un- 
dertaking with  the  free  miner  making  the 
application,  and  gives  him  possession  with 
the  following  ceremonies.     The  gaveller 
cuts  a  stick,  and  asking  the  party  how 
many  verns  or  partners  he  has,  cuts  a 
notch  for  every  partner,  and  one  for  the 
king.    A  turf  is  then  cut,  and  the  stick 
forked  down  by  two  other  sticks,  the  turf 
put  over  it,  and  the  party  galing  the  work 
is  then  considered  to  be  put  in  full  pos- 
session. 

Mr.  Nicbolls  described  the  change  in 
the  mode  of  working  the  iron,  and  oon- 

7 


eluded  by  giving  an  account  of  the  present 
condition  of  the  iron  trade  in  Dean  Forest. 
Eight  blast  furnaces  are  now  at  work  in 
the  Forest,  and  are  making  upwards  of 
25,000  tons  of  the  best  iron  annually. 
Much  of  this  is  sent  ofi"  to  most  parts  of 
the  kingdom  to  be  mixed  with  other  makes; 
in  fact,  most  iron  foundries  keep  «  stock 
of  pig-iron  from  this  forest,  since  it  pro- 
duces a  most  beneficial  effect  when  mixed 
with  other  metal.    Much,  too,  is  used  in 
the  neighbourhood  itself  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  wire  and  tin-plate.  The  iron  mines 
of  the  district  exceed  fifty  in  number. 
The  use  of  the  blast  furnace  (at  one  time 
fed  entirely  with  charcoal,  but  for  the  last 
sixty  years  with  coke)  has  resulted  in  the 
growing  development  of  the  Dean  Forest 
iron-works,  and  the  increasing  demand  for 
its  coal,  and  to  a  corresponding  preserva- 
tion of  its  timber.    The  good  people  of 
this  forest  are  doing  well,  and  expect  to 
be  doing  better    every   day.    They  are 
surely  prospering,  and  becoming  more  ac- 
quainted  with  the    appliances,  conveni- 
ences, and  civilisations  of  life. 

George  Ormerod,  Esq.,  D.C.L.,  thmi 
read  a  memoir  on 

The  Bohan  Remains  beobntlt  Disco- 

YEBED  AT  SeDBUBY,  NEAB  TiDENHAM. 

The  exact  site  was  marked  in  the  illus- 
trative plan  laid  before  the  Congress,  and 
also  in  a  plan  drawn  with  reference  to 
other  objects  of  antiquity,  and  contained 
in  vol.  xxix.  of  the  Archaologia,  (1840,) 
pi.  II.  p.  16.  It  lies  between  the  tumulus 
there  indicated,  which  has  been  a  fire- 
beacon,  and' the  Sedbury  Cliffs. 

The  cliffs,  which  form  the  barrier  be- 
tween this  high  platform  and  the  Severn, 
rise  to  the  height  of  nearly  two  hundred 
feet  above  its  low  water  mark,  and  consist 
of  new  red  sandstone  overlaid  with  lias 
and  transported  red  marl  and  gravel. 
These  beds  are  nearly  horizontal,  and 
being  almost  unbroken  by  faults  in  the 
part  described,  the  lias  clays  formed  a 
natural  reservoir  and  impounded  the 
water,  previous  to  that  recent  drainage 
which  led  to  the  discovery  of  the  remains 
described.    A  few  years  ago  the  acyoining 


I860.] 


Archaoloffical  Institute,  Gloucester. 


281 


fields,  on  the  northerly  side,  were  almost 
impassable  after  heavy  rains,  and  in  earlier 
days  must  have  formed  an  absolute  marsh, 
affording  a  defence  on  the  land  side,  as 
the  lofty  precipices  would  give  defence 
towards  the  estuary.  The  oblong  pa- 
rallelogram, thus  defended,  would  be  di- 
vided from  this  former  marsh  by  two 
small  brooks  which  run  northwards  and 
southwards,  or  nearly  so,  to  deep  dingles 
at  those  extremities,  and  would  complete 
the  defence  of  an  elevated  platform  of 
about  twenty-six  acres. 

It  could  not  be  supposed  that  a  con- 
spicuous site,  thus  girt  with  communica- 
tions, commanding  a  view  of  the  greater 
elevations  from  Bromsgrove  to  the  Quan- 
tock  Hills,  of  the  sesfcivan  camps  on  the 
Cotswold  range  in  front,  and  of  a  vale 
rich  in  the  Roman  settlements  delineated 
in  Lysons'  Woodchester  Map,  and  of 
every  possible  traject  of  the  Severn  es- 
tuary, could  be  left  unoccupied  by  the 
neighbouring  garrisons.  It  was  therefore 
no  surprise,  a  few  years  ago,  to  discover 
the  remains  of  a  kiln,  between  the  tumu- 
lus or  beacon  before  mentioned  and  the 
Sedbury  cliffs,  with  its  dilapidated  walls 
and  fractured  grinding  stones,  and  very 
numerous  fragments  of  Roman  pottery 
lying  near  the  general  surface,  or  in  the 
excavated  claypits  marked  in  the  plan 
exhibited.  But  it  was  reserved  for  the 
last  autumn  to  make  greater  discoveries. 

On  opening  drains  to  the  depth  of  four 
feet,  in  the  grounds  near  the  Clifb,  to  the 
south  of  the  tumulus  before  mentioned, 
Roman  pottery  was  discovered  in  each 
successive  cutting,  in  the  lines  marked  on 
the  illustrative  plan,  at  the  points  where 
the  excavations  of  recent  drains  crossed 
the  deeper  ancient  lines.  The  pottery, 
hitherto  found  in  these  later  excavations, 
contains  some  cinerary  vases,  one  of  which 
coincides  with  an  engraved  Cirencester 
vase,  but  the  greater  part  consists  of  am- 
phonc,  lagena),  ollse,  and  mortaria  in  or- 
dinary Roman  ware,  more  or  less  frac- 
tured, and  also  glazed  red  Samian  with 
the  stamps  of  the  makers.  There  are  also 
remains  of  lead,  of  ware  repaired  with 
lead,  coal,  cinders  of  coal  and  of  wood, 
and  glass.  One  square,  defined  by  exca- 
Qbjtt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


vated  lines  seventy  yards  in  length  on 
each  side,  and  exhibiting  choicer  remains 
in  its  excavations,  seems  to  have  been  an 
inclosure  set  apart  for  superior  occupants. 

Various  tiles  have  been  found,  accord- 
ing  exactly  with  those  of  Caerwent  in 
patterns,  curves,  and  indentations,  but  as 
no  mortared  foundations  have  been  dis- 
covered, it  is  conjectured  that  the  soldiers 
occupying  the  position,  either  occasionally 
guarding  the  beacon  and  the  look-out  over 
the  passages,  or  using  it,  as  is  highly  pro- 
bable, for  the  purposes  of  Centra  JEstiva 
connected  with  Caerwent  and  its  Legio 
Augusta  Secunda,  had  tents  only.  Such 
temporary  occupation  for  the  purpose  of 
summer  camps  is  well  explained  in  Whita- 
ker*8  "  Manchester." 

It  may  be  better  to  recapitulate  that 
the  defences  of  the  area  are  the  cliffs 
towards  the  Severn,  a  former  morass  on 
the  land  side,  and  steep  slopes  at  each  end. 
On  the  summit  of  the  southerly  slope  are 
remains  of  a  mound,  which  may  either 
have  been  an  ancient  territorial  limit,  or 
relics  of  an  earlier  military  one.  The 
northerly  slope  has  been  made  much 
steeper  by  artificial  escarpments. 

Examination  may  possibly  be  resumed 
hereafter,  the  late  shallow  diggings  having 
been  limited  to  the  requirements  of  agri- 
cultural improvements,  but  the  results 
may  be  one  step  towards  commencing  in- 
vestigations on  the  Silurian  side  of  the 
sestuary,  in  extension  of  those  which  Mr. 
Baker  so  successfully  completed  among 
the  opposite  outposts  of  Britannia  Prima. 

The  paper  was  illustrated,  in  addition 
to  the  plan  referred  to,  by  two  water- 
colour  drawings  of  the  Roman  pottery 
which  had  been  discovered. 

After  the  reading  of  the  papers,  a  large 
party  started  to  vi^t  Goodrich  Castle. 
At  Ross  the  party  was  divided  into  two, 
one  half  proceeding  to  Gkx>drich  in  boats 
down  the  Wye,  notwithstanding  the  un- 
favourable weather,  the  other  half  in  car- 
riages. All  met  at  Goodrich  Court,  and 
spent  an  hour  or  two  very  agreeably  in 
examining  the  fine  collection  of  ancient 
armour  in  the  museum  of  the  late  Sir 
Samuel  Meyrick.    By  the  time  they  had 

Ll 


382 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


finished  at  tbe  Court,  the  weather  had 
cleared  up,  and  they  were  able  to  walk  to 
the  ruins  of  the  old  castle,  about  a  mile 
from  the  court.    These  are  very  fine ;  the 
walls  are  nearly  perfect,  tbougli  the  roofs 
and  floors  are  gone.    There  is  a  grnnd 
Norman  keep  surrounded  by  tbe  buildings 
of  the  Edwardian  castle,  which  enclose  a 
courtyard  and  the    usual  arrangements. 
The  entrance  gatehouse  is  nearly  perfect, 
with  the  grooves  for  three  portcullises  in 
succession,  and  with  the  foundations  of  the 
barbican  in  front  of  it.     Tbe  chapel  is  in 
a  tower  near  the  gatehouse.    There  are 
two  halls,  one  for  the  baron,  the  other  for 
the  garrison,  as  in  Chepstow,  Conway,  and 
other  instances.    Also  the  prison  tower 
distinct  from  the  keep,  being  one  of  the 
Edwardian  towers.      These   various  fea- 
tures were  explained  by  Mr.  Parker,  and 
some  historical  notes  by  the  Rev.  C.  H. 
Hartshome   were  read  by  the   Rev.    B. 
Hill,  the  manager  of  the  excursion.    This 
gentleman  deserves  more  credit  and  thanks 
than  he  usually  receives.    To  arrange  for 
conveying  a  hundred  people  on  an  excur- 
sion of  this  kind,  by  rail,  by  boats,  and 
carriages,  and  to  keep  them  in  order  and 
to  their  time  for  the  trains,  is  no  easy 
matter.    The  party  returned  to  Ross  in 
time  to  dine  at  the  hotel  there,  which  is 
80  well  known  and  celebrated  for  its  fine 
situation   and  splendid  view:    the  after- 
noon being  fine  and  clear,  they  were  able 
to  enjoy  this  in  perfection. 

Tuesday^  July  24.    Visit  to  Sudsley 
Cabtlb. 

In  the  morning  a  paper  was  read,  on 
the  progress  of  the  Excavations  at  Wrox- 
eter,  by  the  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth,  a  subject 
which  will  be  found  fully  detailed  in  our 
pages.  The  Rev.  J.  Bathurst  Deane  had 
aldo  prepared  papers  on  various  members  of 
the  Deane  Family,  but  the  time  permitted 
only  one  of  them  to  be  read,  that  on — 

Henbt  Deitb,  Pbiob  op  Llanthont, 

Abohbishop  op  Cantbbbuby,  &c 

1461—1603. 

According  to  Bacon,  among  the  able 
men  who  served  Henry  VI L  was  the  Prior 
of  Llanthony.  This  prior  whs  Henry 
Dcno,  who  saccessively  became  Bishop  of 


Bangor,    Chancellor    and    Justiciary    of 
Ireland,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  Lord  High 
Chancellor  of  England,  and  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.     The   mirit  which   elevated 
hiin   to  such   high  dignities   must   have 
been  great,  for  we  do  not  find  ihat  either 
by  birth  or  connexion  he  enjoyed   the 
usual  advantages  of  family  interest.     He 
was  not  only  an  able,  but  a  benevolent  num. 
He  was  said  to  have  been  bom  near  Qlou- 
cester.     A  century  after  his  '  death   Sir 
Richard  Deane,  Lord  Mayor  of  London^ 
used  (with  the  sanction  of  the  Heralds' 
College)  the  same  arms  as  those  borne  by 
the  Prior  of  Llanthony,  and  was  therefore 
probably  one  of  the  same  family.     Sir 
Richard  Deane,  and  his  con«n  Admiral 
Deane,  the  regicide,   who  accepted  the 
same  coat  of  arms,  were  also  Gloucester- 
shire  men,  from  the  parish  of  Guiting 
Power.      There  was  an  ancient  family. 
Dene,  of  Dene  in  the  Forest  of  Dene^ 
settled  at  St.  Briavel's    Castle   and   its 
vicinity  from  the  time  of  Henry   I.  to 
Edward  III.,  when  the  last  member  came 
to  an  untimely  end  by  being  involved  in 
the  fate  of  the  Despensers.    The  arms  of 
the  Prior  of  Llanthony  are  still  standing 
at  Llanthony,  and  those  of  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  are  impaled  with 
the  see  of  Canterbury  in  the  flooring  of 
the  Lady -chapel  in  the  cathedral,  and  in 
1740  in  the  chambers  of  the  Black  Friars 
and  St.  Mary  de  Lode.    After  tracing  the 
origin  of  these  arms,  and  referring  to 
some  other  families  of  similar  names  to 
the  Deanes,  the  paper  proceeded  to  detail 
the  origin  and  history  of  the  Deane  fsmily. 
It  then  detailed  the  career  of  the  Prior  of 
Llanthony,  interesting  extracts  from  an- 
cient documents  being  quoted  in  illustra- 
tion, and  several  historical  fificts  adverted 
to  and  expliiined,  the  various  nppointments 
held  by  Henry  Dene,  and  the  dream* 
stances  which  led  to  his  occupation  of 
them  being  fully  gone  into;   and  con- 
cluded by  giving  some  particulars  of  his 
rather  remarkable  will. 

At  the  concluding  meeting  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Institute  held  this  morning  for 
election  of  memberi*,  and  the  tranaaction 
of  matters  connected  with  tbe  arrange- 
ments  of  the  society,  Peterborough  was 


I860.] 


Archaeological  Itutitute,  Gloucester. 


283 


decided  upon  as  the  place  of  meeting  in 
the  ensuing  year;  invitations  had  been 
received  from  various  other  localities,  as 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  Aylesbury,  Rochester, 
Hereford,  &c.    A  connderable  number  of 
new   members  have   joined    the    society 
during  the  recent  meeting,  and  were  for- 
mally elected  on  this  day;  among  these 
may  be  mentioned  the   Mayor  of  Glou- 
c»  ster,  Thomas  Gambler  Parry,  Esq.,  the 
Rev.  S.  Lysons,  Mrs.  Wright  Daniel,  Lord 
Henry   Scott,   Hubert    Hutchmgs,   Esq., 
Richard  Helps,  Esq.,  K.  H.  Fryer,  Esq., 
Philip  Davies  Cooke,  Esq,  &c    At  the 
close  of  the  proceedings,  Mr.  J.  H.  Parker 
brought  before  the  meeting  the  proposed 
demolition  of  the  ancient  chapel  of  St. 
Mary  Magdalen,    Gloucester,    now  in  a 
dilapidated  condition,  and  he  advocated 
its    preservation    as  a  relic  of  interest, 
which  might  be  rescued  from  decay  by  a 
few  judicious  repairs,  at  no  serious  ex- 
pense.   A  resolution  was  passed  unani- 
mously in  favour  of  the  preservation  of 
this  relic,  connected  as  it  is  with  one  of 
the  ancient  charitable  institutions  of  Glou- 
cester in  the  middle  ages.    A  similar  reso- 
lution was  also  carried  in  regard  to  the 
ancient  Guestcn  Hall  at  Worcester,  an 
interesting  portion  of  the  conventual  ar- 
rangements, of  which  the  demolition  has 
been  proposed,  as  we  have  before  men- 
tioned %  an  act  of  Vandalism  which  the 
Institute  were  very  desirous  to  prevent. 

When  the  reading  of  the  papers  was 
concluded,  a  party  of  upwards  of  100 
started,  on  the  invitation  of  J.  C.  Dent, 
Esq.,  to  visit  Sudeley  Castle.  Twelve 
carriages  were  provided  at  Cheltenham 
for  the  conveyance  of  the  party,  which, 
on  the  way  to  Sudeley,  stopped  to  examine 
the  very  interesting  church  at  Bishop's 
Clccve.  The  arches  of  the  nave  are  seg- 
mental and  very  wide,  with  Norman 
mouldings,  and  rest  on  plain  round  piers 
with  late  Norman  capitals.  Mr.  Pnrker 
thought  these  arches  so  unusually  wide 
for  the  style,  that  it  was  prob.ible  two 
small  arches  had  been  thrown  into  one, 
a  process  which  he  had  frequently  seen 
had  been  executed  in  other  places.     Pro- 


•  Oeht.  Mao.,  July,  1860,  p.  64;  Aug.,  p.  189. 


fessor  Willis  observed  that  had  he  seen 
them  a  week  earlier,  he  should  probably 
have  agreed  in  the  Eame  opinion,  but  that 
within  the  last  three  days,  he  had  seen 
wide  segmental  arches  in  the  crypt  of  Glou- 
cester Cathedral,  in  undoubted  Norman 
work,  and  as  he  could  not  see  any  marks 
in  the  masonry  to  indicate  such  an  altera- 
tion,  he  thought  that  the  use  of  segmental 
arches  at  that  period  might  be  a  pro- 
vinciali9m,  though  it  was   certainly  not 
usual  elsewhere.    Mr.  Parker  called  espe- 
cial attention  to  the  chamber  over  the 
porch,  which  he  said  was  a  very  peculiar 
specimen  of  the  residence  of  a  recluse. 
He  must  have  been,  he  thought,  a  recluso 
of  some  importance,  otherwise  the  expense 
of  making  a  way  to  his  chamber  would 
not  have  been  incurred.    This  passage  is 
made  from  the  west  end  of  the  church 
over  part  of  the  south  aisle,  and  has  fan- 
tracery  vaulting  under  it.   Mr.  Parker  also 
called  attention  to  a  very  beautifhl  corbel- 
table,  and  an  old  elm  chest  with  three- 
locks,  hewn  out  of  the  solid  wood.    The 
south  door  and  west  doorway  were  well 
worthy  of  notice,  the  ornamentation  of 
them  being  of  the  transition-Norman  style. 
On  a  subsequent  inspection  of  the  hand- 
some church  of  Winchoomb,  Mr.  Parker 
stated  that  it  was  rebuilt  during  the  time 
of  Henry  VII.  or  VIII.     The  clergyman 
took  exception  to  this,  maintainiug  the 
building  to  be  two   or  three  centuries 
earlier.    Mr.  Parker,  however,  repUed  that 
he  had  examined  the  history  of  so  many 
churches  that  he  could  not  well  be  mis- 
taken in  this  date,  and  he  felt  assured 
his  statement  was  correct.      The   mem- 
bers   then    examined  the    fragment  of 
a  pall  manufactured  from  some  priests* 
copes,  and  also  a  very  beautiful  piscina, 
Mr.  Parker  also  pointed  out  what  he  con- 
sidered to  be  a  reliquary,  apparently  to 
contain  a  heart,  but  some  of  the  party 
difiercd  fr>om  this  opinion,  considering  it 
merely  an  ornament  which  had  once  be- 
longed to  the  original  church. 

The  examination  of  Sudeley  Castle 
proved  a  source  of  great  interest  to  the 
party,  and  their  ei\]oyment  was  greatly 
enhanced  by  the  hospitality  of  Mr.  Dentg 
who  provided  them  with  a  collation. 


284> 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


ExciTESiON  TO  Chepstow  jlkd  Tintben. 

Wednesday,  July  25.  This  was  con- 
sidered an  extra,  or  "ladies'  day/'  and, 
by  invitation  from  the  Cott^wold  Natu- 
ralists' Field  Clab,  many  members  of  the 
Institute  associated  themselves  with  them 
in  an  excursion  to  Chepstow,  Tintern,  and 
other  places  of  interest  in  that  neighbour- 
hood. Chepstow  castle  was  first  visited, 
where  Mr.  Parker  explained  the  more 
noticeable  features  of  that  grand  old  ex- 
ample of  the  fortified  mansions  of  the 
middle  ages.  He  especially  drew  atten- 
tion to  the  vaulted  apartment  which 
was  formerly  used  as  the  storehouse 
of  the  castle,  pointing  out  the  means 
of  communication  with  the  water  below, 
where  a  small  creek  or  inlet  for  boats 
afforded  easy  access  for  the  heavy  pack- 
ages, which  were  thus  readily  hoisted 
up.  A  staple  still  in  its  place  in  the  floor 
shewed  where  the  ropes  for  that  purpose 
were  attached.  Mr.  Parker  took  advantage 
of  the  occasion  to  make  reference  to  a 
similar  vaulted  apartment  under  the  Fleece 
Inn,  in  Gloucester,  which  has  hitherto  been 
considered  by  local  antiquaries  to  have  been 
the  crypt  of  St.  Mary  de  Grace  Church, 
supposed  formerly  to  have  stood  upon  that 
spot.  This,  he  believed,  was  a  mistake,  the 
vaulted  apartment  in  question,  which  dates 
from  the  twelfth  century,  being  in  fact  an 
ancient  cellar  or  store  attached  to  a  mer- 
chant's house.  Similar  subterranean  apart- 
ments, vaulted  after  the  same  fashion,  were, 
he  said,  in  common  use  in  former  days,  of 
which  he  instanced  examples  as  existing 
still  at  Bristol,  Chester,  and  elsewhere. 

The  peculiarities  of  construction  and  ar- 
rangement in  the  hall  and  chapel  of  the 
castle  gave  rise  to  an  animated  discussion, 
drawing  forth  many  interesting  and  in- 
structive remarks. 

The  next  point  visited  was  the  very  re- 
markable and  perplexing  remains  at  Coed 
Ithel,  in  the  village  of  Liandogo,  situated 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  beyond  Tintern. 
Tliese  singular  vestiges  are  apparently  of 
very  ancient  construction,  and  consist  of  a 
smelting  furnace,  which,  with  its  platform, 
is  still  in  a  state  of  wonderful  preservation. 
This  is  connected  with  massive  walls,  trace- 
able  for  three  or  four  hundre'l  yards,  pierced 
by  an  entrance,  to  which  acces*  is  given  by 


a  paved  way.  At  right  angles  to  this  line 
of  wall  runs  another  of  extraordinary 
strength  and  solidity,  formed  of  blocks  of 
masonry,  rudely  squared,  but  admirably 
fitted  together,  and  bearing  altogether, 
from  its  massiveness  and  Cyclopean  cha- 
racter, the  impress  rather  of  Roman  work, 
than  of  that  of  a  later  period.  This  wall 
attracted  great  attention,  and  many  and 
various  were  the  opinions  respecting  its 
date  and  purpose — some  attributing  to  it 
a  Roman,  some  a  British,  and  some  a  Me* 
diseval  origin.  The  latter  impression, 
however,  appeared  ultimately  to  prevail, 
though  for  what  purpose  these  perplexing 
walls  were  erected  remained  to  the  last 
inexplicable.  This  locality,  which  was  first 
brought  into  notice  a  few  months  since  by 
a  member  of  the  Cotteswold  Club,  is  de- 
serving of  more  prolonged  study  than 
casual  visitants  could  bestow,  and  would 
repay  careful  investigation. 

Tintern  was  next  visited,  afler  which 
the  party  dined  together  at  the  George 
Hotel,  Chepstow,  Captain  Guise,  President 
of  the  Cotteswold  Club,  in  the  chair. 

On  Thursday,  July  26,  the  greater  part 
of  the  members  had  quitted  Gloucester, 
but  a  party  was  formed  of  those  still  re- 
maining, and  an  expedition,  accompanied 
by  the  Rev.  S.  Lysons,  the  Rev.  C.  Y. 
Crawley,  and  other  gentlemen  connected 
with  Gloucester,  was  made  to  the  excava- 
tions at  Wroxeter.  On  reaching  Shrews- 
bury, the  visitors  were  warmly  welcomed 
by  Dr.  Henry  Johnson,  secretary  to  the 
Excavations  Committee  in  that  town ;  and 
they  proceeded  forthwith  to  the  British 
Pompeii  to  examine  the  results  of  the  re- 
cent explorations,  carried  oat  so  success- 
fully under  the  able  directions  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Wright  and  Dr.  Johnson.  The 
curious  market-place,  the  extensive  esta- 
blishment of  baths,  the  singular  furnace 
lately  found,  supposed  to  have  been  the 
workshop  of  an  enameller,  or  worker  in 
metal,  wore  examined  with  much  interest* 
but  we  shall  speak  next  month  of  all 
these  matters  in  our  report  of  the  more 
recent  visit  of  the  British  ArchsBological 
Association  to  the  same  spot,  and  may 
therefore  here  close  our  narrative  of  the 
Gloucester  Congress. 


I860.] 


285 


KENT  ARCHiEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


Aug,  1,  2.  The  annual  meeting  was 
held  at  Dover,  under  the  presidency  of 
the  Mabqu£S8  Camden,  K.G.  The  attend- 
ance was  large,  including  very  many 
ladies,  and  comprised,  among  others,  the 
noble  President,  and  the  Ladies  Pratt,  the 
Rev.  Jermyn  Pratt,  the  Earl  Stanhope, 
Sir  Walter  and  Lady  Caroline  Stirling, 
Hon.  J.  M.  O.  Byng,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Plump- 
tre  (Master  of  University  College,  Oxford), 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Cardwell  (Principal  of  St. 
Alban's  Hall,  Oxford),  Mr.  and  Miss  Card- 
well,  Sir  Walter  James,  Bart.,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Devereux  and  Miss  Annesley,  Edward 
Husscy,  Esq.,  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Husseyt 
Sir  Charles  Locock,  Bart.,  Lady  and  the 
Misses  Mansel,  J.  C.Ottaway,  Esq.  (Mayor 
of  Dover),  and  Mrs.  Ottaway,  Major-Gen. 
Craufurd,  Colonel  Cuppage,  R.A.,  Colonel 
Stotherd,  R.E.,  Colonel  Bingham,  C.B., 
and  Mrs.  Bingham,  Colonel  Cator,  Colonel 
Hammond,  Captain  Simmons,  R.N.,  Cap- 
tain Belfield,  Charles  Wykeham  Martin, 
Esq.,  James  'Espinasse,  Esq.,  G.  Warde 
Norman,  Esq.,  Canon  Stone,  Canon  Robert- 
son; the  Revs.  W.  M.  Smith-Marriott, 
James  Eveleigh,  R.  P.  Coates,  Lambert 
Larking,  John  Puckle,  C.  Hawley,  R. 
Drake,  Ed.  Boys,  D.  Winham,  W.  J. 
Edge ;  Edward  Foss,  A.  Poynter,  W.  Clay- 
ton, H.  B.  Mackeson,  and  Coles  Child, 
Esqrs.;  Captain  Cox,  &c 

On  the  first  day,  the  business  was 
opened  at  the  Apollonian  HalL  After 
some  letters  apologizing  for  absence,  the 
report  was  read  by  the  hon.  secretary,  the 
Rev.  Lambert  B.  Larking,  which  stated 
that  since  the  meeting  last  year  the  num- 
ber of  members  elected  had  increased  from 
660  to  819.  At  the  bankers  the  Society 
had  a  balance  of  £264,  and  stock  amount- 
ing to  £252  had  been  purchased  in  the 
Three  per  Cents.  Unavoidable  delays,  for 
which  neither  contributors  of  papers  nor 
the  editorial  committee  were  responsible, 
had  prevented  the  issue  of  the  second 
volume  of  the  Society,  but  they  were  pro- 
mised that  in  another  month  it  would  be 
in  the  hands  of  the  members.  A  feeling 
allusion  was  made  to  the  death  of  W. 
Rolfe,  Esq.,  of  Sandwich. 


Mr.  Savage  and  Mr.  Dudlow  were  re- 
elected auditors.  Six  members  of  the 
council  were  selected  for  retirement,  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  of  the  Society,  and 
three  new  members,  viz.,  J.  Brent,  Esq., 
jun.,  Stacey  Grimaldi,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev. 
E.  H.  Lee,  were  elected.  Of  the  retiring 
members,  E.  Hussey,  Esq.,  Sir  Walter 
James,  Bart.,  and  Charles  Mercer,  Esq., 
were  re-elected. 

Twenty -three  new  members  were  then 
added  to  the  society,  and  the  meeting 
broke  up,  some  visiting  the  Castle,  while 
another  party  proceeded  to  the  remains 
of  St.  Martin's  Priory. 

DoYEB  Castle. 

The  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's  gave  an  out- 
line of  the  antiquarian  interest  of  the  spot, 
in  a  lecture  that  may  be  thus  briefly 
summed  up : — Taking  it  in  order  of  time, 
the  pharos,  the  most  ancient  relic,  was 
simply  a  matter  for  ocular  inspection ;  the 
rough  massive  tower,  up  to  the  (Tudor)  oc- 
tagon built  upon  it, — the  blocks  of  tu&,  of 
which  abundance  yet  lies  in  the  valley  be- 
low,— the  distinctive  Roman  tile,  kneaded, 
baked,  and  grooved  for  horizontal  bond- 
ing, and  rising  in  measured  courses, — all 
telling  their  own  tale.  It  had  been  sup- 
posed to  have  been  once  a  much  larger 
work,  and  the  edifice  in  which  they  stood 
to  have  been  built  of  the  displaced  mate- 
rial; but  a  better  acquaintance  with  the 
actual  materials  gave  evidence  against 
such  theory.  Next  of  the  ancient  church. 
Its  foundations,  well  examined,  clearly 
argued  a  fabric  antecedent  to  the  exist- 
ing one;  carrying  our  thoughts  back  to 
a  British  church,  as  first  possessor  of  the 
spot.  Then  came  its  Anglo-Saxon  days, 
of  which  there  were  many  primitive  fea- 
tures, in  their  manifest  identity,  laid  open 
to  their  eyes ;  the  south  door  of  the  nave, 
the  jambs  of  a  low  but  exactly  similar 
doorway  in  the  north  transept,  and  certun 
windows  both  in  the  south  transept  and 
chancel,  pointing  satisfactorily  not  only  to 
portions,  but  to  the  whole,  of  that  im- 
pressive fabric  as  the  work  of  Eadbald 
the  Saxon.    Over  these  ag^ain,  the  shafts 


286 


Antiquarian  and  literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept, 


and  groin-springings  in  the  tower,  the 
altered  lancet  windows,  sedile  and  pis- 
cina in  the  chancel,  shewed  what  had  heen 
done  in  the  beautiful  Early  English  period 
of  Henry  III. ;  while  an  otherwise  unac- 
countable opening  in  the  west  wall  con- 
nected itself  curiously  with  the  castle 
statutes  of  Sir  Stephen  de  Pencestre ;  and 
the  very  exceptionally  placed  altar  ap- 
pendages at  the  south-east  angle  of  the 
nave  as  remarkably  illustrating  the  mili- 
tary services  as  celebrated  in  that  place 
by  the  canons,  llien  followed  the  ancient 
lines  of  the  Saxon  fortress ;  its  defences, 
canons'  court,  original  (Colton's)  gate,  and 
Earl  Godwin's  tower.  Next,  the  vastly 
augmented  sweep  of  the  Norman  defences, 
the  three  curious  guard-towers  before  the 
church  mound,  (late  victims  of  modem  en- 
gineering) ;  then  the  whole  array  of  the 
towers  of  the  confederate  knights,  with 
memorials  of  the  repulsed  siege  of  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  in  the  last  days  of 
King  John ;  and  spots  associated  with  the 
old  customs  and  statutes  of  the  castle. 
Lastly,  there  was  the  inner  circle  of  de- 
fences, offices,  hall,  and  king's  gate,  ga- 
thered round  the  lofty  mass  of  the  keep 
itself,  which  was  compared  in  structure 
and  members  with  the  stately  remains  of 
Bishop  Gundulph's  work  at  Rochester; 
and,  after  a  conjecture  at  the  probable 
truth  about  the  beautiful  Norman  relic 
on  the  great  stairs,  popularly  called  King 
John's  chapel,  there  remained  only  to 
notice  the  leading  historical  memories  of 
that  keep,  from  the  visit  of  Henry  II.  on 
his  way  to  Nantes,  down  to  the  ill-fated 
reception  there  by  Charles  I.  of  Henrietta 
Maria  of  France.  It  was  then  intimated 
that  this  outline,  more  especially  as  re- 
garded the  Anj^lo-Saxon  rhnrch  of  St. 
Mary-in-the-Castk*,  would  by-and-bye  be 
expanded  into  a  more  carefully  onsidered 
and  illustrated  document,  for  this  use  of 
the  Society,  an^l  the  public  who  might  be 
interedted  therein. 

St.  Martin's  Puiory. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Plumptrc,  who  ncted  ns 
guide,  stated  that  he  first  became  ac- 
quainted with  these  remains  in  the  year 
1S45.    Ue  had  devoted  much  attention 


to  the  subject,  and  had  sncceeded  in  mak- 
ing a  correct  plan,  not  only  of  the  charch, 
but  of  the  refectory  and  other  build- 
ings. The  walls  of  the  church  were  evi* 
dently  constructed  of  rubble  and  Kent- 
ish rag,  together  with  finely  wrought 
Caen  stone;  the  edifice  itself  was  28& 
feet  long,  and  consisted  of  a  nave,  two 
side  aisles,  and  a  chancel,  with  a  transept 
crossing  the  nave  and  aisles  at  about  146 
feet  from  the  western  entrance;  there 
were  also  two  small  round  chapels  at  the 
entrance  to  the  chancel;  at  the  north 
extremity  of  the  transept  there  had  been 
a  chapter-house,  54  feet  long  by  20  wide. 
Nine  arches,  each  15  feet  wide,  on  pillars, 
had  divided  the  aisles  from  the  nave,  (33 
feet  wide) ;  the  bases  of  these  pillars  were 
about  5  feet  square,  and  in  digging  about 
the  foundations  to  ascertain  these  mea* 
surements,  a  great  number  of  stones  were 
found,  which,  when  put  together,  formed 
the  segment  of  a  circle  corresponding  with 
a  base  of  about  5  feet.  At  the  upper 
extremity  of  the  nave  he  found  a  chancel 
or  choir  40  feet  long  and  about  29  feet 
wide.  It  was  true  that  the  former  use 
of  many  of  the  places  to  which  he  was 
directing  attention  could  only  be  gathered 
from  analogy,  but  he  felt  no  hesitation  in 
declaring  that  they  stood  in  the  largest 
and  most  perfect  refectory  hall  in  Eng- 
land; it  was  100  feet  long,  and  thej 
would  observe  in  its  walls  that  the  Caen 
stone  was  used  in  common  with  the  other 
materials  he  had  mentioned.  It  was 
doubtless  of  the  Anglo-Norman  period; 
and  what  he  had  at  the  first  been  in- 
duced to  regard  as  red  brick  he  had  since 
determined  must  have  been  the  result  of 
a  fire,  similar  traces  existing  in  Can- 
terbury Cathedral  and  Gloncester  Cathe- 
dral, which  they  were  well  aware  had 
been  burnt;  indeed,  there  was  an  entry 
in  the  Monasticon  which  proved  that 
these  ravages  were  the  work  of  an  in- 
cendiary. Archbishop  Corboil,  in  1132, 
obtained  a  grant  from  Henry  I.  of  the 
revenues  of  the  monastery  of  St.  Martin's- 
Ic-Orand  at  Dover,  and  ertcted  no  doubt 
tlie  monastery  or  priory,  on  the  site  of 
which  they  stood.  Traces  of  paintiug^s 
had  been  d'scovercd  on  the  waUs^  and 


J  860.] 


JTen^  Archaohgical  Society. 


287 


beneath  the  windows  might  bo  distin- 
guished the  outlines  of  several  beads, 
each  head  being  surrounded  by  a  nimbus, 
but  the  subject  of  the  painting  bo  had 
failed  to  discover. 

Tliere  was  another  building,  which  ho 
inferred  had  been  the  bakehouse  or  brew- 
house,  but  it  was  possible  that  it  might 
have  been  the  guest-house,  built  apart 
from  the  dwelling  of  the  monks.  When 
he  first  saw  it,  horses,  straw,  and  farm 
implements  and  produce  occupied  its  space, 
but  it  had  been  sufficiently  cleared  out 
for  their  reception  that  day.  Here  the 
Early  EngUsh  st^le  was  apparent;  and 
at  one  end  was  an  immense  fireplace,  now 
bricked  up. 

Some  of  the  party  then  proceeded  to 
the  Maison  Dieu,  where  it  had  been 
intended  that  the  meeting  should  be  held, 
but  the  building  is  still  under  repair,  and 
in  the  absence  of  the  architect  (Mr.  Bar- 
ges) through  illness,  who  had  promised  a 
lecture,  there  was  little  to  detain  them. 
•  It  was  seen  with  satisfaction  that  the  work 
is  being  carried  on  with  vigour,  and  in 
correct  taste. 

The  dinner  was  held  at  the  Wellington 
Hall,  the  Marquess  Camden  in  the  chair. 
The  usual  loyal  and  complimentary  toasts 
were  given  and  duly  honoured,  but  call 
for  no  particular  remark,  except  in  one 
instance.  Earl  Stanhope,  in  proposing 
the  health  of  the  noble  Chairman,  made  a 
remarkable  statement,  which  we  repro- 
duce.    His  lordship  said : — 

"  If  they  looked  at  the  study  of  archsB- 
ology  they  would,  he  thought,  be  struck 
with  the  fact  of  how  many  studies  and 
sciences  are  apparently  not  at  all  con- 
nected with  it,  and  may  yet  be  brought  to 
promote  its  object.  Thus  photography  is 
chiefly  known  as  giving  us  representations 
either  of  the  human  countenance,  and  of 
such  blooming  specimens  of  it  as  he  had 
the  pleasure  to  see  around  him,  or  of 
some  venerable  church  or  castle,  such  as 
those  they  had  been  visiting  that  day. 
But  it  was  not  known  how  much  photo- 
graphy could  efiect  for  archaeological  dis- 
covery, and  of  this  he  felt  inclined  to 
relate  in  detail  a  carious  instance  con- 
nected, as  it  proved,  with  our  own  English 
history.  The  noble  Earl  then  alluded  to  a 
gigantic  statue  of  a  lion,  which  in  early 
ages  stood  in  a  prominent  place  in  the 


Pirajus,  which  was  called,  from  it,  Porto 
Leone,   but   which    the    Venetians;,   who 
conquered  Attica,  afterwards  removed  to 
Venice,  iu  1687.      On  the  sides  of  this 
ancient  piece  of  sculpture  was  a  Runic  in- 
scription in  Norwegian  characters,  which 
had  of  late  years  excited  the  cariosity  of 
antiquaries.     Many  of  the  letters,  how- 
ever,  were  so  worn  by  the  lapse  of  time, 
or  from  rough  usage  in  the  removal  of  the 
figure,   that  it   was  found  impossible  to 
make  out  the  meaning  of  the  inscription. 
At  this  critical  juncture  a  Danish  pro- 
fessor of  high  reputation.  Professor  Rain, 
bethought  him  that  he  woald  call  in  the 
aid  of  a  skilfxd  photographer,  and  he  em- 
ployed him  to  take  the  obliterated  letters 
at  difierent  hours  of  the  day,  when  the 
shadows  cast   by  the  sun  indicated  the 
direction  which  the  original  letters  had 
taken.    This  singular  experiment  was  con- 
tinued for  several  weeks,  and  with  the  most 
triumphant  success,  for,  according  to  the 
volume  which  had  reached  him  from  Co- 
penhagen, the  old  Norwegian  characters 
on    the  lion  appeared  to  be  completely 
re-established.    Now  we  derived  from  this 
discovery  an  extraordinary  fiict,  that  con- 
trary   to    any   preconceived   idea,   these 
characters  bore  an  indirect  relationship  to 
English  history.     His  lordship  proceeded 
to  explain  how  this  came  about,  by  Re- 
marking that  it  ajtpeared  that  the  charac- 
ters had  been  engraved  by  order  of  Harold, 
sumamed   the  Tall.    This  Harold  in  his 
youth  had  served    in  the  Northern    or 
Varangian  Guard  of  the  Emperor  of  Con- 
stantinople, and  had  been  sent  to  Attica 
to  quell  a  disturbance.     It  was  in  allusion 
to  this    visit  that    the    iucription    was 
engraved.     But  thirty  years  later  Harold 
the  Tall  invaded  England,  and  was  com- 
pletely defeated  at  Stanford   Bridge,  on 
the  Derwent.    Harold  having  asked  what 
lan<fi  in  England  W(/uId  be  ceded  to  him 
if  he  made  peace,  was  met  by  the  sig- 
nificant reply  that  he  should  have  seven 
feet  of  EngUsh  larth,  or  perhaps,  as  he 
was  a  giant,  might  receive  a  few  inches 
more.    He  (the  noble  Earl)  asked  whether 
that  was  not  an  interesting  recdi-d  of  the 
value  of  archoBological  discoveries,  and  of 
the  assistance  which  the  arts  and  sciences 
were  capable  of  aflfording  it.     In  conclu- 
sion,  he  said  he  thought   he  could  not 
better  respond  to  this  toast  than  by  giving 
expression   not  merely  to  a  few  general 
thoughts  upon  the  advantages  that  science 
may  afford,  but  by  placing  before  them 
an  exact  account  of  the  discovery  which 
an  eminent  man  of  Denmark  had  lately 
achieved,  and  which    in    a    most  unex- 
pected manner  had  tended  to  give  elucl- 


^88 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


dation  to  matters  connected  with  one 
of  the  moet  interesting  epochs  of  our 
history." 

In  the  evening,  a  Conversazione  was 
held  in  the  Apollonian  Hall,  when  the 
Rev.  W.  J.  Edge,  Vicar  of  Benenden,  read 
a  paper  furnished  hy  Mr.  Elphee,  of  Rol- 
venden,  on  the  discovery  by  him  of  a 
.supposed  Danish  vessel  in  the  original 
channel  of  the  Rother,  in  the  year  1820; 
the  paper  was  accompanied  by  a  lithogra- 
phic representation  of  the  vessel  and  its 
various  antiquities.  It  is  believed  that  a 
second  vessel  is  still  imbedded  near  the 
same  spot,  and  the  sum  of  £5  was  at  once 
subscribed  in  the  hall  for  the  purpose  of 
an  investigation : — 

"The  length  of  the  vessel  found  was 
63  ft.  8  in. ;  her  width  over  the  main-beam 
14  ft.  3  in.  She  was  a  decked  vessel 
with  bulwarks,  and  *  tide-pegs*  in  'wash- 
streaks,'  as  though  oars  were  occasionally 
used.  On  the  deck  two  human  skulls 
were  found;  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
vessel  were  afterwards  discovered  several 
human  bones,  and  the  remains  of  animals, 
pipnounced  to  be  the  bones  of  a  goat,  a 
dog,  and  a  bear.  Two  years  afterwards, 
on  removing  part  of  the  river-wall,  another 
skeleton  was  found.  On  the  afler-deck 
was  a  wiiidlass,  and  under  the  windlass  a 
pair  of  sandals ;  in  the  cabin  was  a  coil  of 
rope,  apparently  in  such  good  preservation, 
that,  on  first  touching  it,  the  tar  stuck  to 
my  hands,  but,  on  exposure  to  the  air,  as 
it  dried  it  crumbled  to  dust.  In  the  cabin 
was  a  fireplace,  with  small  figured  paving- 
tiles  at  the  bottom,  with  an  iron  grate  and 
a  gridiron  by  the  side  of  it :  the  grate  re- 
sembled those  still  in  use  on  board  vessels, 
and  the  gridiron  was  precisely  like  those 
of  the  present  day.  An  iron  lock  was 
found  in  the  hold,  and  a  stone  jug  in  the 
cabin ;  a  piece  of  brass  tap  was  also  dis- 
covered; in  the  cabin  was  a  steel  for 
striking  a  light,  a  piece  of  flint  lying  be- 
side it.  A  leaden  octangular  plummet,  a 
leathern  ink  horn,  a  pair  of  *cAnhooks,* 
two  earthenware  pots  or  vessels,  apparently 
used  for  cooking,  (the  soot  coming  off  when 
I  touched  them,)  were  also  found.  On  the 
same  shelf  we  found  a  sword-handle  and 
an  hour-glass;  and  on  the  sand  at  the 
bottom  of  the  cabin  were  very  plain  im- 
pressions of  bed-clothes,  which  were  quite 
destroyed  by  time.  The  vessel,  when  dis- 
covered, lay  obliquely  across  the  bed  of  the 
river,  her  bows  on  the  Sussex  and  her  stem 
on  the  Kentish  side." 

8 


This  paper  was  followed  by  one  by  the 
Rev.  Lambert  B.  Larking,  on  Precaatioiui 
against  Invasion  taken  in  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth,  which  was  made  to  bear  on  the 
Volunteer  movement,  and  was  very  favour- 
ably received. 

The  walls  of  the  hall  were  covered  with 
rubbings  of  brasses  (mostly  Kentish), 
designs  for  painted  windows  for  the 
Maison  Dieu,  plans  illustrative  of  the 
remains  of  St.  Martin's,  &c.;  but  the 
chief  attractions  were  found  in  the 
a(\joining  room,  which  was  fitted  up 
as  a  museum,  and  exhibited  a  sing^arly 
rich  and  various  collection  of  antiquities. 
Roman  and  Saxon  pottery  and  glass,  gold 
omamenta  and  weapons  of  every  age, 
Charles  I.'s  gold  tooth-pick  and  case,  and 
the  ribbon  of  his  George,  which  he  gave 
to  Col.  Tomlinson  on  the  scaffold,  a  snuff'- 
box  presented  by  the  same  monarch  to 
Judge  Twisden,  the  regalia  of  the  Dover 
corporation  (given  to  them  by  Charles 
II.),  the  original  charters  of  the  Maiaon 
Dieu  (from  the  Surrenden  collection),  a 
fine  collection  of  the  seals  of  the  Cinque 
Ports  and  their  limbs  **,  and,  not  the  least 
curious,  a  great  number  of  ancient  dice, 
formed  of  horses'  teeth  ground  down  into 
rough  cubes,  found  near  Faversham  and 
other  haunts  of  the  Norsemen,  and  bear- 
ing a  striking  testimony  to  the  love  of 
gaming  usually  attributed  to  them.  Such 
were  some  of  the  treasures  that  the  inde- 
fatigable Local  Committee  had  collected. 

Aug,  2.  The  Marquess  Camden  took  the 
chair  at  the  Apollonian  Hall,  at  ten,  and 
Dr.  Plumptre  read  a  paper  and  t-xhibitcd 
sketches  relating  to  St.  Martin's;  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Cardwell  had  prepared  a  paper 
on  the  place  of  Caesar's  landing,  but  de- 
clined to  read  it  lest  it  should  interfere 
with  the  various  excursions  proposed  for 
the  rest  of  the  day.  Accordingly  the 
meeting  broke  up,  after  warm  expressions 

^  These  were  exhibited  by  George  T.  Thomp» 
■on,  £^.,  Coroner  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  the  tm- 
fortunate  gentleman  who  lost  his  life  Just  a  week 
after,  by  the  bursting  of  a  gun  at  the  ArebcUiT 
Fort.  lie  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Dover  Volunteer 
Artillery  Corps.  We  trusi  to  be  enabled  shortly 
to  lay  a  memoir  of  the  Umented  deceased  before 
our  readers. 


I860.] 


Lincoln  Diocesan  Architectural  Society. 


289 


of  thanks  to  the  noble  Chairman,  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  the  exhibitors,  &c,  and,  being 
favoured  by  the  weather,  parties  were  soon 
on  their  way  to  the  spots  selected.  Some 
went  to  St.  Badegnnd's  Abbey  and  Alk- 
ham,  with  Dr.  Plumptre,  others  to  the 
church  of  St.  Margaret-at-Cliffe  ;  bat  the 


larger  number  proceeded  to  Barfreston 
and  Coldred;  the  Eev.  F.  T.  Scott,  of  Sib- 
bertswold,  acted  as  their  guide,  and  in 
passing  over  Sibbertswold  down,  he  paused 
to  give  a  brief  lecture  on  the  discoveries 
formerly  made  ther^  and  recorded  in 
Bryan  Faussett's  Inventorium  Sepulchrale* 


LINCOLN  DIOCESAN  ARCHITECTUKAL  SOCIETY. 


June  7  and  8.  The  annual  meeting  was 
held  at  Worksop,  under  the  presidency  of 
the  Right  Hon.  C.  Tennyson  D'Eyncourt, 
and  was  very  well  attended.    The  pro- 
ceedings commenced  with  a  public  break- 
fast at  the  Lion  Hotel  at  eight  a.m.  on 
June  7,  after  which  there  was  divine  ser- 
vice in  the  Abbey  Church.     At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  prayers,  the  history  and 
features  of  the  Priory  Church  and  Gate- 
house were  most  ably  given  by  the  Bev. 
E.  Trollope,  M.A.,  F.S.A.    The  company 
then  proceeded  in  vehicles  on  an  excursion 
to  Bolsover,  passing  in  their  way  Steetley 
aud  Whit  well,  which  were  ably  described 
by  the  Secretary,  (Rev.  E.  Trollope).    The 
Norman  chapel  at  Steetley,  Mr.  Trollope 
said,  would  serve  as  an  excellent  model  for 
arcbitects  who  wished  to  erect  a  church 
of  the  same  size  and  style,  as  a  better  does 
not  exist  in  England.    The  date  of  this 
beautiful  gem  he  fixed  at  from  1120  to 
1130.    It  originally  belonged  to  the  Va- 
vasours, afterwards  to  the  fiunily  of  Fresh- 
ville,  but  it  eventually  became  part  of  the 
Worksop  estate.     It  belonged  many  years 
to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  but  was  now  the 
property  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle.  There 
had  been  a  burying-ground  as  well  as  a 
chapel,  but  the  latter  had  been  disused 
since  1370.   At  the  east  end  was  a  beauti- 
ful vaulted  apse,  in  the  boss  of  which  is  a 
pretty  little  medallion  of  the  Holy  Lamb. 
There  are  traces  of  painting  on  the  arch, 
which  at  one  time  fell  in,  and  was  rebuilt 
precisely  as  it  existed  before.    On  the 
capitals  of  the  pillars  are  the  signs  of  the 
zodiac,  St.  George  and  the  Dragon,  and 
other  early  work,  which  was  more  common 
in  France  than  in  England.    Of  St.  Law- 
rence's  Church,  Whitwell,   Mr.  Trollope 
said  that  several  parts  belonged  to  the 
first  quarter  of  the  twelfth  century.    It 

Gent.  Mas.  Voi..  CCIX. 


contuns,  however,  several  Norman  traces, 
such  as  the  doorway  and  corbel-table  with- 
out and  the  chancel-arch  within.  He 
directed  attention  to  the  founder's  tomb^ 
and  to  that  of  Sir  Boger  Manners,  whose 
virtues  are  thus  quaintly  rehearsed  i—- 

"  A  living  academic  was  this  knight^ 
Divinity,  the  arts,  the  toimgs,  what  might 
In  learned  schools  exactly  be  profest. 
Took  np  their  lodginge  in  his  noble  breste ; 
Till  death,  like  church  despoflers,  did  puU  downe 
Manners'  true  fabrique  of  the  arts  renoone." 

Becently  a  fragment  (^the  Norman  church 
tympanum,  a  very  singular  relic,  has  been 
dug  up,  and  was  exhibited  to  the  exour* 
sionists. 

The  party  was  received  at  Bolsover 
by  the  Bev.  John  Hamilton  Gray,  who 
occupies  the  fine  old  Norman  keep  *.  The 
scenery  around  the  castle  i»  surpassingly 
beautiful,  comprising  an  extensive  range 
of  Derbybhire  hills,  skirting  the  vale  of 
Scarsdale;  but  owing  to  the  unfavourable 
weather,  it  was  seen  to  great  disadvan* 
tage,  and  very  few  ventured  upon  the 
roof.  The  riding-house,  so  well  known 
from  the  Duke  of  Newcastle's  work  on 
horsemanship,  was  an  object  of  great  in* 
terest.  The  splendid  room,  called  the  Star* 
chamber,  the  vaulted  rooms»  and  cellar 
kitchens  underneath,  were  successively  ex- 
plored, and  the  store  of  curiosities,  with 
which  every  room  was  crowded,  were  ex? 
amined  with  as  much  interest  and  atten* 
tion  as  the  limited  time  would  allow  of. 
After  spending  an  hour  and  a-half  in  in- 
jecting the  castle,  the  pt^rty  proceeded 
to  Bolsover  Church,  and  from  thence,  by 
Scarcliff  and  Cuckney  to  Welbeck  Abbey, 
where  they  saw  the  magnificent  works 

*  Upon  this  point  see  notice  of  White's  Pho- 
tographic Handbook  to  the  Antiquities  of  Work* 
sop  and  its  Neighbourhood,  Gx^cr.  Mao.,  Sept. 
1860,  p.  308. 

Hm 


290 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


now  in  progress  by  his  Qrace  the  Doke  of 
Portland.  They  returned  to  their  head- 
qoarters  at  Worksop  to  dinner.  At  eight 
o'clock  the  party  assembled  in  the  Com 
Exchange^  the  g^eat  room  of  which  was 
fitted  up  as  a  temporary  museum,  which 
was  crowded  with  curious  and  costly  arti- 
cles of  antiquity  and  vertu,  supplied  by 
the  members  of  the  Association,  and  by 
the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Worksop.  Besides  the  members 
of  the  Diocesan  Architectural  Association, 
the  evening  meeting  was  attended  by  a 
large  concourse  of  the  principal  families 
in  and  near  Worksop,  so  that  there  were 
about  four  hundred  persons  assembled. 
The  Right  Hon.  Mr.  Tennyson  D*Eyn- 
oourt  was  requested  to  take  the  chair.  A 
deputation  of  the  principal  inhabitants  of 
Worksop  was  introduced,  headed  by  Mr. 
Hemming,  agent  to  the  Duke  of  New- 
castle, who  presented  an  address  of  wel- 
come to  the  Association,  which  was  duly 
responded  to  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Trollope, 
the  Secretary.  The  Chairman  then  called 
upon  the  Rev.  John  Hamilton  Gray,  who 
read  an  essay  on  the  History  of  Bolsover 
Castle  from  the  Conquest  down  to  the 
Present  Time,  which  was  received  with 
much  approbation.  The  Rev.  E.  TroUope 
was  next  called  upon,  who  read  an  essay 
on  Monastic  (Gatehouses  and  on  the  Right 
of  Sanctuary,  which  was  equally  well  re- 
ceived. The  subjects  of  these  two  treatises 
were  peculiarly  appropriate;  the  one  re- 
lating to  the  remarkable  feudal  fastness 
which  had  been  the  principal  object  of 
that  day's  tour,  and  the  other  calling  at- 
tention to  some  curious  particulars  of  the 
ancient  monastic  system,  and  more  espe- 
cially to  the  very  perfect  specimen  of  a 
monastic  gatehouse  preserved  in  Worksop. 
The  meeting  broke  up  about  ten  o'clock. 

June  8.  The  members  and  their  friends 
visited  Thorpe  Salvin,  St.  John's,  and 
Laughton  churches,  and  Roche  Abbey, 
which  were  all  described  by  Mr.  TroUope. 

Thorpe  Salvin  he  stated  to  be  a  Norman 
fabric,  the  doorway  being  of  the  date  of 
1140.  The  pointed  arch  in  the  tower  was 
said  to  be  well  worthy  of  observation. 
The  south  side  of  the  nave  was  of  the 


fifteenth  century.  The  font  in  the  chancel 
was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in  Eng- 
land, and  many  different  interpretations 
of  its  rich  sculptures  had  been  hazarded. 
One  compartment  represented  the  sacra- 
ment of  baptism,  and  in  other  parts  were 
emblems  of  the  four  seasons,  pointing  also 
to  the  difisrent  periods  of  human  life ;  but 
there  was  greater  difficulty  in  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  remaining  devices,  one  of 
which  was  emblematical  of  the  Holy 
Trinity,  others  set  forth  the  occupations 
of  the  various  months,  and  bore  the  signs 
of  the  zodiac. 

The  melancholy  con<Ution  of  the  small* 
ancient,  and  dilapidated  church  of  St. 
John  was  freely  commented  upon.  The 
chief  architectural  features  were  a  good 
Norman  doorway  and  porch,  and  the 
chancel  and  aisle,  which  were  of  Early 
English  work,  the  remainder  of  the  fabric 
being  Perpendicular.  There  were  several 
sepulchral  memorials,  one  an  extraordinary 
specimen,  dated  about  1280.  The  pews 
were  of  the  most  clumsy  kind  imagin- 
able, black,  dirty,  insect-eaten,  and  almost 
tumbling  to  pieces,  while  the  fioor  was 
composed  of  mother  earth;  but  all  this 
was  an  improvement  upon  the  aspect  of 
the  interior  about  two  years  previously. 
Then  it  was  far  more  unclean,  and  bore 
the  appearance  of  a  neglected  hovel;  fowls 
had  free  access  then,  broken  eggs  and 
other  refuse  bearing  evidence  of  the  sort 
of  care  bestowed  upon  the  house  of  God, 
in  which  service  is  now  performed  once  a 
month  in  summer !  Mr.  TroUope  said  he 
was  glad  to  announce  that,  from  a  conver- 
sation he  had  recently  been  fiivoured  with, 
arrangements  would  shortly  be  made  to 
put  the  church  into  a  state  of  proper 
repair. 

Laughten-en-le-Morthen  (i.e.  Lightning- 
in-the-Moming)  is  a  church  of  very  fine 
proportions,  and  it  is  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence from  which  an  uneqnaUed  prospect 
of  the  Yorkshire  and  Derbyshire  hills  is 
obtained.  It  is  one  of  the  few  Yorkshire 
churches  which  is  graced  by  a  spire.  The 
doorway  and  north-western  end  is  all  that 
remains  of  the  original  structure,  which 
belonged  to  the  Saxon  period.  The  greater 
part  of  the  bmlding  belonged  to  the  late 


I860.]        Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 


291 


decorative  period,  (probably  about  1380,) 
of  which  the  north  aisle  and  the  arches 
of  the  sonthem  arcade  were  good  speci- 
mens. There  was  formerly  a  chantry  at 
the  eastern  extremity  of  the  north  aisle, 
which  would  account  for  the  great  height 
of  the  east  window.  After  visiting  a  re- 
markable earthwork  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  church,  the  party  proceeded  to 
Koche  Abbey,  where  Dr.  Aveling  of  Shef- 
field read  a  paper  on  excavations  lately 


made  there,  and  Mr.  Trollope  described 
the  Ghitehouse. 

In  the  evening  the  public  dinner  of  the 
Association  took  place  in  the  Com  Ex- 
change, after  which  the  party  adjourned 
to  the  Museum,  the  contents  of  which 
formed  the  subject  of  an  able  and  interest- 
ing lecture  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Trollope ; 
and  the  proceedings  closed  with  the  cus- 
tomary votes  of  thanks. 


SOCIETY  OF  AKTIQUAEIES,  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 


July  4  At  the  monthly  meeting  in  the 
Castle,  John  Hoi>asoN  Hindb,  Esq.,  V.-P., 
in  the  chair,  Mr.  White  read  the  following 
notes  on  the  Catrail : — 

"  Being  in  Scotland  about  a  week  ago, 
I  called  on  Mr.  Fisher,  the  able  editor  of 
the  'Border  Advertiser,'  and  he  accom- 
panied me  to  the  Catrail,  where  its  remains 
are  best  seen  on  the  farm  of  Rink,  lying 
between  the  river  Tweed  and  the  stream 
of  Gala  in  Selkirkshire.    Where  that  an^ 
cient  barrier  has  passed  along  the  brow  of 
a  hill,  it  is  scarcely  visible ;  but,  when  con- 
tinned  up  or  down  an  eminence,  it  is  still 
shewn   very  clearly.    Unfortunately,  the 
portion  we  saw  in  one  place  had  a  stone 
wall  upon  it,  and  was  partly  filled  with 
rubbish ;  while  the  other  portion  had  been 
subjected  for  some  time  to  the  action  of 
the  plough  and  harrow.     It  appears  to 
have  consisted  of  a  fosse  or  ditch,  nearly 
twenty-four  feet  wide,  by  about  ten  feet 
deep;  and  the  earth  thrown  out  at  each 
side  was  formed  into  ramparts  of  defence. 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  when  hunting,  in  his 
early  days,  once  caused  his  horse  to  leap 
the  old  line,  which  strained  and  shook  the 
poet  very  severely.    From  its  position,  it 
had  been  made  to  defend  the  {feople  living 
on  its  western  side  against  the  attacks  of 
their  eastern  enemies,  in  the  same  way  as 
our  Roman  Wall  was  erected  to  ward  off 
the  ancient  Britons  of  the  North.     Near 
to  it — chiefly  on  the  west — are  the  traces 
of  a  number  of  camps,  which  are  still 
visible  by  large  quantities  of  stones,  strewn 
in  circles  of  various  sizes.   Of  these,  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  crowns  the  summit 
of  a  small  hill,  in  view  of  the  lands  of  Ab- 
botsford.    A  large  ditch,  even  more  deep 
and  wide  than  that  of  the  Catrail,  sur- 
rounds it,  and,  being  circular,  it  is  nearly 
one  hundred  yards  in  diameter.    On  the 
inner  edge  of  this  fosse,  a  stone  wall,  ten 
or  twelve  feet  wide,  and  of  considerable 


height,  bad  been  built  all  around.  No 
lime  appears  to  have  been  used,  but  the 
stones  partly  fallen  into  the  ditch  are  lying 
there  in  the  same  position,  and  in  such 
profusion  as  if  they  had  never  been  dis- 
turbed since  the  fortress  was  thrown  down. 
Traces  of  buildings  are  seen  everywhere  in 
the  centre,  which  is  nearly  level,  save  that 
it  slopes  slightly  to  the  east,  llie  entrance, 
like  that  of  the  other  camps  near  the  place, 
is  also  on  the  eastern  side,  through  which 
those  within  could  see  their  enemies  more 
readily,  and  advance  directly  upon  them. 
Fortunately  for  the  preservation  of  this 
interesting  relic  of  antiquity,  it  has  been 
planted  over  with  trees,  an^  as  these  are 
now  g^wing  to  a  goodly  taxe,  a  long  period 
may  probably  elapse  before  it  be  broken 
up  and  subjected  to  the  levelling  processes 
of  agriculture.  For  many  miles  around, 
especially  to  the  south-east,  and  even  on 
Eildon  Hills,—  the  Tri  Montem  of  the 
Romans, — extensive  works  of  defence  have 
been  constructed,  the  mounds  of  which  are 
still  perceptible ;  but  this  is  the  most  per- 
fect of  any  I  ever  beheld." 

Mr.  Cla}  ton  exhibited  a  plan  by  Mr. 
CouIbou  of  the  Roman  bridge  at  Cilnrnum 
as  far  as  the  recent  excavations  already 
justify.  Mr.  Coulson  plans  the  bridge  as 
presenting  an  angle  to  the  road,  but  as  in 
a  line  with  the  wall,  and  at  right  angles 
with  the  stream,  the  wall  touching  the 
abutment  in  its  slanted  portion,  and  being 
in  a  line  with  the  points  of  the  piers.  The 
river  has  receded  westward;  and  on  the 
east  the  foundations  of  another  pier  hav^ 
been  found,  on  the  present  water-lines,  ai 
well  as  those  of  the  eastern  abutment,  which 
is  now  in  a  plantation.  This  eastern  abut- 
ment presents  a  smaller  one  inside  of  it^ 
like  an  earlier  structure ;  but  this  is  doubt- 
ful, as  it  has  an  inclination  from  north  to 


292 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Sept. 


south,  similar  to  that  of  the  larger  one. 
This  joint  abutment  also  dips  from  east  to 
west.  Mr.  Coulson  supposes  that  these 
dips  were  intentional,  to  cause  the  lead  to 
run,  which  appears  in  grooves,  following 
the  margin.  There  is  a  small  chamber  in 
this  abutment,  with  three  distinct  layers 
of  black  ashes.  The  vallum  near  the  river 
-has  been  filled  with  stones,  at  what  period 
is  uncertain.  An  unsatisfactory  fragment 
of  an  inscription,  and  a  few  poor  coins, 
have  turned  up.  The  excavations  are  not 
complete. 

Mr.  Longstaffe  exhibited  a  bird's-eye 
view  of  Pontefract  Castle,  the  "Key  of 
the  North,"  in  its  former  state,  with  the 
Parliamentary  line  of  beueging  works  in 
J.648.  The  view  belongs  to  Lord  Galway, 
and  has  been  entrusted  to  the  Surtees 
Society  to  be  engraved  as  aa  illustration 


of  Drake's  diary  of  the  siege  of  1645.  Mr. 
Longstaffe  made  some  comparisons  with 
the  present  appearance  of  the  vast  fortress, 
and  stated  bis  interest  on  observing  among^ 
the  remains  the  sculptured  arms  of  the  un- 
fortunate owner,  the  Eari  of  Lancaster,  who 
fell  in  his  opposition  to  Edward  IL 

Dr.  Charlton  presented  a  truly  curious 
spearhead  of  iron,  found  about  two  feet  un- 
derground at  Borrowton,  in  North  North- 
umberland. The  exterior  of  the  circular 
socket  is  richly  inlaid  with  silver  filagpree 
work,  in  vertical  compartments,  of  a  de- 
sign in  which  lozenges  filled  with  smaller 
lozenges  by  diagonally  crossing  lines,  and 
a  sort  of  scroll-work,  predominate. 

The  Chairman  said  he  would  venture  to 
speak  heresy,  and  rejoice  that  a  few  relics 
were  sometimes  found  in  his  county  which 
were  not  Roman. 


SURTEES  SOCIETY. 


June  18.  The  annual  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Castle  of  Durham,  the  Yen.  Aboh- 
PBACON  Thorpe  in  the  chair. 

The  accounts  of  the  year  were  in  a  most 
satisfactory  state,  it  appearing  that,  after 
all  obligations  had  been  discharged,  £160 
would  remain  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer, 
llie  secretary,  the  Rev.  James  Rune,  re- 
ported that  a  volume  of  Miscellanies  was 
nearly  ready  for  issue.  A  second  volume 
of  "Durham  Wills"  was  also  in  prepa- 
ration. Mr.  Raine  stated  that  he  had 
looked  into  the  Depositions  of  the  North - 
em  Counties,  which  were  preserved  at 
York,  and  found  them  highly  interesting. 
They  did  not  go  further  back  than  the 
times  of  the  Commonwealth;  but  they 
contained  all  the  various  depositions  taken 
before  the  county  magistrates  in  cases  of 
importance.  Many  of  the  events  thus 
elucidated  were  highly  romantic,  and  g^ve 
a  very  striking  picture  of  life  upon  the 
Borders  down  to  a  comparatively  recent 
period*    It  was  resolved,  if  access  to  the 


documents  was  permitted,  of  which  no 
doubt  was  entertained,  that  a  volume  of 
extracts  fi'om  them  be  printed,  and  that 
Mr.  Raine  be  requested  to  undertake  the 
editorship.  The  subject  of  the  Lindisfkme 
Gospels  was  next  discussed.  This  is  a 
MS.  containing  the  Gospels  in  Saxon, 
as  they  were  used  by  the  ancient  Church 
in  Holy  Island.  The  eminent  Saxon  scho- 
lar. Dr.  Bosworth,  has  been  communicated 
with,  and  he  had  expressed  his  willingness 
to  edit  the  publication  of  at  least  one  of 
the  Gospels,  as  soon  as  his  other  engage- 
ments would  allow.  This,  it  is  expected, 
will  form  one  of  the  publications  of  next 
year.  A  variety  of  documents  respecting 
Fountains  Abbey,  now  preserved  at  Ripon 
and  other  places,  will  also  be  prepared  for 
publication  at  no  distant  date.  In  con- 
sequence of  the  decease  of  the  late  patron 
of  the  Society,  Bishop  Maltby,  it  was  una- 
nimously resolved  to  request  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland  to  accept  of  the  vacant 
office. 


.I860.]  298 


C0ries(jpontrntce  oi  ^elbantttl  sarlban. 


^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  offreeahle,  for 
publication,  hut  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazhtb  containing 
their  Communications  may  he  forwarded  to  themJ] 

A  WESTMINSTER  FABRIC  ROLL  OF   1253. 

Mr.  Urban, — Among  the  records  deposited  in  the  Public  Record  Office, 
one  has  been  lately  discovered  by  Mr.  Burtt,  entitled  "  A  Roll  of  Payments 
of  Wages,  and  of  Purchases  for  the  Works  at  Westminster,  37  Henry  IIL," 
which,  by  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  G.  G.  Scott*,  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of 
examining.  It  is  so  perfect  a  specimen  of  this  class  of  documents  that 
I  venture  to  hope  that  the  following  account  of  its  contents  may  interest 
your  readers. 

It  contains  the  entire  accounts  of  the  building  works  during  thirty- 
two  continuous  weeks,  beginning  with  the  first  week  after  Easter,  which 
in  that  year,  1253,  fell  on  April  20;  consequently  the  works  in  question 
began  on  Monday,  April  28,  and  the  last  week  of  the  roll  ended  with  Satur- 
day, December  6.  The  account  for  each  week  is  complete  in  itself,  but  no 
day  of  the  month  is  mentioned,  neither  are  the  weeks  numbered  continu- 
ously, although  for  convenience  I  shall  designate  them  as  if  they  had  been. 

The  first  six  weeks  are  indicated  as  first,  second,  &c.,  after  Easter  (Ebd' 
prima  post  Pasch'  .  .  .)  The  seventh  week  was  Whitsun  week,  and 
was  evidently  kept  as  a  holiday,  but  is  not  mentioned  in  the  roll;  the 
week  next  following  the  sixth  after  Easter,  being  termed  the  first  after 
Pentecost,  is  thus  actuaUy  the  eighth  week  from  the  beginning  of  the 
account  roll.  This  enumeration  continues  to  the  fifteenth  week,  which  is 
termed  the  eighth  after  Pentecost.  The  sixteenth  week  begins  a  new 
series,  termed  the  first,  second,  &c.,  '*  after  the  agreement  for  wages  for 
eight  weeks,"  (Ebd*  prima  post  pacacione^  stipendior'  pro  viii*°  Ebd'.) 
This  enumeration  continues  through  twelve  weeks,  and  carries  us  to  the 
end  of  the  twenty-seventh  week  of  the  roll.  The  twenty-eighth  is  termed 
the  first  week  after  the  feast  of  All  Saints,  and  the  succeeding  the  second, 
third,  &c.,  concluding  with  the  "  Ebdomada  v**,"  or  thirty-second  week 
of  the  whole,  which  closes  the  account. 

At  the  head  of  each  week  one  or  more  saints'  days  are  sometimes  men- 
tioned in  a  peculiar  manner.  Thus,  to  begin,  the  complete  title  of  the  first 
week  is, — 

"  Ebd'  prima  post  Pasch'  continente  festum  Apostol.  Philip'  et  Jaoobi  p'  die*  Jovis 
quod  est  d'ni  Regis  et  festa'  Inventionis  S^'  Crucis  p'  die  SaV  quod  est  cem'tar*." 


•  See  Qbkt.  Mag.,  Jane,  1860,  p.  584^  and  July,  p.  38. 
^  Pacatio  ....  pactam,  conventio. — Ducange, 


294  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban;  [Sept. 

'  First  week  after  Easter,  containing  the  feast  of  the  Apostles  Philip  and 
James  on  Thursday,  which  belongs  to  the  King,  and  the  feast  of  the  Inven- 
tion of  the  Cross  on  Saturday,  which  belongs  to  the  masons.'  The  second 
week  is  similarly  said  to  "  contain  the  feast  of  St.  John  ante  portam  La- 
tinam  on  Tuesday,  which  belongs  to  the  King ;"  and  the  third  week  is 
"sine  festo."  Thus  throughout  the  roll  feasts  occur,  sometimes  two  in 
a  week,  but  generally  only  one.  Fourteen  of  the  weeks  have  none. 
Whatever  feasts  are  mentioned,  however,  are  assigned  alternately  to  the 
King  and  to  the  masons.  The  only  intermission  of  this  rule  is  in  the 
twenty-seventh  week,  where  the  feast  of  SS.  Simon  and  Jude  ought  to 
have  been  given  to  the  masons,  but  is  assigned  to  the  King,  apparently 
because  of  the  fact  stated  in  the  title  of  the  week,  that  it  is  the  first  day 
of  his  regnal  year  ®. 

It  may  be  presumed,  therefore,  that  the  feast-days  thus  assigned  to  the 
masons  were  kept  as  a  holiday,  and  that  they  worked  on  the  feasts  assigned 
to  the  King,  who  in  this  roll  is  the  employer  of  the  masons. 

I  am  not  aware  that  this  curious  custom  has  been  noticed  by  any  previous 
writer.  I  have  set  down  in  the  note  below  the  list  of  the  saints*  days 
selected  ^.  It  is  probable  that  in  other  years  some  other  principal  saints 
would  have  been  also  included  which  happen  in  this  year  to  fall  on  a 
Sunday. 

Having  now  discussed  the  titles  to  shew  the  mode  of  designating  the 
weeks,  we  may  examine  the  accounts  themselves.  They  are  placed,  for 
every  week,  under  two  heads,  the  wages  and  the  purchases,  or  emptiones. 
The  sum  of  each  of  these  is  separately  stated,  as  well  as  the  total.  The 
nature  of  these  payments  will  be  best  understood  by  giving  a  translation  of 
one  week  complete ;  for,  generally  speaking,  the  workmen,  the  materials, 
and  other  items  recur  nearly  in  the  same  order  in  every  week.  There  is 
a  great  advantage  in  this  ;  for  as  the  same  terms  are  repeated,  it  happens 
that  in  some  cases  they  are  written  more  at  length  than  in  others,  or  spelled 
in  a  more  intelligible  manner,  and  thus  the  collation  of  so  many  examples 
of  4he  same  word  greatly  assists  the  interpretation  of  the  unusual  or  tech- 
nical expressions. 

"  Second  week  after  Easter,  containing  on  Tuesday  the  feast  of  St.  John  ante  portam 
Latioam,  which  belongs  to  the  King  * : — 

«  This  is  the  title  of  the  twenty-seventh  week : — "  Ebd'  3^j»  contin*  festu'  Apostolor» 
Sim'  et  Jade  quod  est  dni'  Regis  anno  Regni  Keg^  Henr*  xxxviy^<>  incipiente  et  fetta' 
o'iura  S'cor*  p'die  Sab'  quod  est  cem't.     .    .     ." 

'  List  of  the  feast-days  assigned  alternately  to  the  King  and  the  masons,  and  marked 
B  and  C  accordingly : — "Philip  and  James,  R;  Inven.  S.  Crucis,  C;  John  ad  port. 
Lat,  R;  Ascension,  C;  John  Bapt.,  R;  Thom.  Mart.,  C;  Magdalen,  B;  James,  C; 
Pet.  ad  vine,  B;  Assumpt.,  C;  DeooUatio,  B;  Nativ.  B.  M.,  C;  Michael,  B;  Trans, 
b.  Edw.,  C ;  Luke,  B;  Sim.  and  Jude,  B;  Omn.  S'co'm,  C;  Martin,  B;  Edmund,  C; 
Katerina,  B ;  Nicholas,  C." 

Ebd'  ij*  post  Pasch'  contin'  festu  hi'  Johls  an'  porta  Latina  p'  die  martis  quod  est 


e    tt 


I860.]  A  Westminster  Fabric  Roll  of  1253.  295 

"  To  wa^  of  39  cotters  of  white  stone,  15  marblers,  26  stonelayers,  82  carpenters 
with  John  and  his  partner  at  St.  Albans,  two  painters  with  an  assistant,  13  polishers, 
19  smiths,  14  glaziers  with  four  plumbers,  16"  10"  1«*.  [This  will  give  an  average  of 
\s,  lOd.  per  week.] 

*'  To  wages  of  176  inferior  workmen  with  overseers  and  clerks,  and  two  two-horse 
carts  daily,  9*  11*  2«*.  [About  M,  a  week.] 
"  Sum  of  wages,  25^  7"  3«>. 

"  Emptions. — To  Master  Albericus  for  arrears  o(  form-pieoe*  ....  66* ;  53  feet  of 
parpents,  4**  per  foot ;  59  feet  of  voussoirs  with  fillets  at  S^  per  foot;  1221 4  feet  at  3<i 
per  foot;  ....  50  assises  at  5*^  each  assise;  42  chamberandsj  22  feet  of  maignans ; 
243  feet  cerches ;  9  feet  of  bosses  ;  and  seven  steps,  cut  by  taskwork,  7^  13*  1^. 

"  Item,  for  9  capitals,  68  feet  of  escus,  1,591  feet  of  cerches,  54"  4**. 

"  Item,  for  25  hundred  and  a-half  quartern  of  chalk  for  the  vaults,  8*  7^.** 

"  Item,  for  22  hundred  and  3  quarterns  of  freestone,  6Z.  16«.  6(2.  To  Roger  of  Rey- 
gate  for  8  hundred  and  a  quartern  of  freestone,  53«.  7\d,  To  Richard  the  lime- 
burner  for  3  hundred  of  lime,  15«.  To  Agnes  for  two  hundred  and  a  half  of  lime, 
12s,  Qd.  To  Richard  of  Eastcheap  for  2  dozen  hurdles  or  crates'  with  poles,  9«.  7d, 
To  Richard  Oggel  for  5  dozen  hurdles  with  poles,  12s,  6d,  To  Henry  of  the  bridge 
for  iron  nails  and  whetstones^,  19s.  Sd,  To  Benedict  for  carriage,  porterage,  and 
weighing  of  23  cartloads  of  lead,  9^.  4d.    To  Richard  for  litter  \  ISd, 

*♦  Sum  total  of  emptions,  27Z.  12*.  10\d, 

"  Sum  total  of  the  week,  532.  and  lid," 

This  week  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  specimen  of  the  whole.    The  first  part 

d'ni  Regis  in  stipend'  xxxix.  albor*  ciss'  xv.  marm'  xxvi.  cubitor'  xxxij.  carpenf  cu 
I.  et  socio  suo  ap'd  Scm  Alban'  Duobz  Rctor*  cu  s'viente  xiij.  poll*  xix.  fab©',  xiiij. 
vitJar*  cu  iiij<"  plubator*,  xv"  x*  d'.  In  stipend'  clxxvi.  op'ar'  cu  custodib^  clericis  cu 
ij.  big*  diumis,  ixM  xvij«  ij**. 

"  Sm*  stipend',  xxv"  vij«  iij**. 

"  Emptiones.  Mag'ro  AlWco  p*  arreagiis  formar'  et  .  .  .  .  Ixvj",  p*  liy.  ped*  de  p'pen* 
p'  ped*  iiij«»,  lix.  ped'  de  folsur*  cu  fil*  p*  ped*  iij**,  m»  cc.  et  xxj.  ped*  et  d'i  p'  ped*  iij** . . 
1.  assisis  p'  assise  v**,  xlij.  chamberand',  xxij.  ped*  maignanz,  ccxliij.  ped'  cerches,  ix.  ped' 
de  bosseus,  et  vij.  passib^  cissis  ad  tasch*,  vij**  xiij'  j**.  It*  p'  ix.  capitell*,  Ixviij.  ped'  de 
escus,  m.  vc  iiij*«  xj.  ped'  de  cerch',  liiij«  et  iiij*.  It'  p'  mm.  v*  d'm  q*rt'  pendent*  crete, 
viij*  vij**.  It'  p'  mm.  cc  et  iij.  q*r  france  petre,  vj**  xvj«  vj**.  Rogero  de  Rey  gate  p* 
viij<^  q*rt  franc*  petre,  liij"  vij«*  ob*.  Ricard'  Calfon'  p*  ccc.  calc*,  xv*.  Agnes  p'  cc.  d'm 
calc*,  xij*  vj**.  It*  Ricard*  de  Estchep  p'  ij.  duoden'  craticl'ar*  cu  virgfis,  Ix"  vy*.  Ricard* 
^ggcl  p'  V.  duoden*  craticl'ar*  cu  vii^j*,  xij*  vj**.  Henr'  de  Ponte  p*  clavis  ferri  et  gressiis 
xix».  viijd.  Bened'co  p*  vect'a,  portag*,  et  pesg,  xxiij.  chafr  plumb',  ix*  iiy*.  Richo*  p* 
litia,  xviij«». 

"  Sm*  total*  emp'conu*,  xxvij"  xy'  x*  ob*. 
"  Sm*  total'  Ebd*,  liyu  et  d*  ob*.*' 

'  In  the  Westminster  RoUs  (printed  by  Smith,  Antiq.  of  Westminster,  p.  182,  and 
Brayley  and  Britton,  Hist,  of  Houses  of  Parliament,  pp.  151,  153),  "  Hurdles  for  the 
scaffolds  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel*'  occur  4  Ed.  III.,  &c.,  with  beams,  and  poles,  and 
"  leather  thongs  to  tie  the  said  beams  and  hurdles  together."  The  original  Latin  is  not 
generally  given  in  these  publications,  but  in  one  case  Smith  (or  rather  Hawkins),  p.  184, 
has  "  twenty-four  hurdles  ^o  viis  super  dictam  scaffbttam,"  which  explains  the  use  of 
the  hurdles  to  serve  in  lieu  of  the  planks  we  now  employ. 

«  " Henr'  de  Ponte  p'  clavis  ferri  et  gressiis"  xix*.  But  in  the  previous  week  we 
have  "Henr*  de  Ponte  p*  grese  ad  Martella  acuenda."  Ducange  gives  "gbessius 
Silex.  gall,  gres,"  (i.  e.  sandstone  or  grit).  The  grese  for  sharpening  the  picks  or  stone- 
hammers  is  therefore,  not  the  Englisb  word  grease,  as  it  might  appear,  but  a  whetstone, 

*»  •«  LiTBElA,  stramentum." — Ducange, 


296  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [Sept* 

informs  us  of  the  number  of  workmen  of  each  kind  that  were  employed  in 
daily  labour;  the  second  part  gives  the  materials  and  their  carriage. 
The  number  of  white  stone  cutters  was  gradually  increased  from  39  in 
the  first  three  weeks  to  78  in  the  fifteenth  week,  and  diminished  again  to 
thirty-five  in  the  last  weeks.  The  marblers,  about  16  in  the  first  eight 
weeks,  were  suddenly  increased  to  49  in  the  ninth  week,  who  remained 
at  work  till  the  eighteenth  week,  and  then  were  suddenly  reduced  to  31, 
and  went  on  diminishing  to  seven.  The  stonelayers  vary  from  85  to  4. 
The  32  carpenters  working  in  the  first  seven  weeks  are  then  reduced 
gradually  to  nine  only.  The  polishers  are  about  15,  and  the  smiths  18 
throughout ;  but  about  fourteen  glaziers  employed  in  the  first  ten  weeks 
are  suddenly  reduced  to  6  for  a  month,  and  then  to  2  for  the  remainder 
of  the  time.  The  inferior  workmen  vary  from  220  to  87.  The  gross 
amounts  are :  Stipends,  696Z.  8^.  ld\  Emptions,  891/.  9^.  b^d, ;  giving  a 
total  of  1,587/.  18*.  Q\d, 

From  these  particulars  the  nature  of  the  work  may  be  surmised;  but, 
unfortunately,  there  are  very  few  exact  indications  of  the  actual  buildings 
upon  which  the  workmen  were  employed.  The  only  evidences  of  this  kind 
that  I  have  detected  are  the  following,  numbered  to  correspond  with  the 
weeks  in  which  they  occur :  (1),  tables  or  planks  for  the  chambebs  of  the 
king  and  queen  ;  (7),  panels  for  the  king's  bed,  and  for  a  table  in  the 
scaccai-ium;  (3),  100  tiles  provided  for  the  kii7G*8  chapel;  (15),  task- 
work  at  entrance  of  the  ohapteb-house,  (It.,  p*  tasch'  int**it"  capituH 
1.  s.).  From  the  19th  to  the  26th  and  31st  weeks,  charges  occur  in  nearly 
every  week  for  nails  for  the  chtjboh  and  belfby  ;  and  in  the  25th  week 
Roger  the  Plumber  is  paid  10/.  and  5Z.  13«.  Ad,  for  task- work  at  the 
belfry  (berefridam).  This  was  probably  the  detached  belfry  of  the  Abbey 
church,  which  is  known  to  have  stood  on  the  north  side,  upon  the  site  of 
the  existing  Sessions-house. 

Stukeley  gave  drawings  of  it  in  the  ArcJitdologiay  vol.  i.  p.  39,  under 
the  name  of  the  Sanctuary^  but  states  that  it  was  still  called  the  Beffty. 
Stow  relates  that  Edward  III.,  about  1347,  built  to  the  use  of  St.  Stephen's 
chapel,  in  the  little  sanctuary  a  '*  chlochard"  of  stone  and  timber  covered 
with  lead,  &c.  "Widmore  (History  of  Westminster  Abbey,  p.  11)  found  it 
mentioned  for  the  first  time  in  a  charter  of  Edward  I.  (1290):  '*It  was  then 
called  the  bellfrey  and  continued  to  be  used  as  such,  or  at  least  to  go  by 
that  name  till  the  present  towers  of  the  church  were  built  by  Abbot  Islip." 
The  roll  we  are  now  examining  shews  that  it  was  in  course  of  construction 
and  apparently  covered  with  lead  in  37  Hen.  III.  The  building  represented 
by  Stukeley  is  of  stone  and  in  two  stories,  of  a  form  well  adapted  to  serve 
as  the  substructure  of  a  lofty  timber-framed  tower,  similar  to  that  of  Salis- 
bury, destroyed  by  Wyatt,  but  preserved  to  us  in  the  drawings  of  Pnce. 
The  wooden,  tower  had  disappeared  long  before  the  time  of  Stow,  and 
the  stone  substructure  was  pulled  down  in  1750  to  make  way  for  a  new 
market-house.  It  had  been  for  a  long  while  occupied  as  a  cellar  for  the 
9 


I860.]  A  JTestmimter  Fabric  Roll  of  1253.  297 

Quakers'  Tavern  in  Thieving-lane.  The  market-house  was  in  turn  pulled 
down  about  1770,  and  the  present  Guildhall  built  as  nearly  as  possible 
upon  the  site  of  the  old  belfry. 

In  the  second  week  Magister  Albericus  is  paid  for  task-work  of  the 
form-pieceSi  ("pro  tascha  formarum,")  that  is,  for  window  traoery^  pro- 
bably of  the  Abbey  church,  and  also  6Z.  0«.  10 J.  in  the  twenty-fifth*  On 
the  back  of  the  roll  it  is  recorded  that  on  Tuesday  of  the  fourth  week  after 
Pentecost^,  on  the  morrow  of  the  blessed  Thomas  the  Martyr,  Master 
Albericus  with  three  associates  began  the  task-work  of  three  windows. 
Also  that  on  the  Monday  after  "  ad  viocula  S^  Petri,"  (that  is  to  say,  in 
the  fifteenth  week  of  the  roll,)  two  parcels  of  coloured  glass,  valued  at 
1 2«.  2d,  a  parcel,  and  two  of  white  glass  at  6«.  each  parcel,  were  delivered 
to  Master  Henry  to  be  employed  in  the  task-work  of  the  windows,  charg- 
ing per  foot  wrought  of  coloured  glass  8J.,  and  of  white  glass  4(2. 

Another  memorandum  records  that  on  Monday,  the  morrow  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  (August  25,)  the  work  in  the  king's  quarry  began. 

Attached  to  the  roll  in  the  sixth  week  is  a  letter  from  Robert  de 
Bremele  to  Master  John  de  Oxoniai,  informing  him  that  he  has  despatched 
a  boat-load  of  marble  by  William  Justice,  to  whom  five  marcs  and  a-half 
and  ten  shillings  are  to  be  paid  for  freight.  He  also  promises  to  send 
another  boat-load  before  Pentecost,  and  a  third  if  he  can  find  a  vessel  to 
convey  it.  Similar  letters  are  attached  to  the  second  week  and  to  the 
twenty-second. 

The  JEmptiom  in  each  week's  account  include,  in  the  first  place,  pieces  of 
freestone  cut  by  task-work  into  various  shapes  required  for  doors,  windows* 
arches,  vaults,  or  other  portions  of  the  structure,  and  made  ready  for  setting. 
These  are  sometimes  separately  enumerated  by  name,  as  in  the  second  week 
above,  and  furnish  very  curious  illustrations  of  medieval  nomenclature.  But 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  roll  such  pieces  are  all  entered  in  the  general  form, 
"  In  diversis  modis  france  petre  ad  tascham  cisse,"  '  to  various  shapes  of 
free-stone  cut  by  task- work,'  and  similarly  for  marble.  Next  occur  stones 
from  the  quarries,  probably  in  a  rough  state,  or  at  least  only  fit  for  plain 
walling.  These  are  "  Came  stone"  (Caen  stone) ;  "  Reygate  stone," 
generally  from  Roger  de  Reygate,  and  sometimes  described  as  free-stone, 
"  franca  petra,"  e.g.  (8),  "  Rog<»  de  Reygate  p'  v^'  and  di  f^nce  pet®,  xxxvtf. 
\xd. ;"  Grey  stone,  "  petra  grisea,"  (6),  "  pro  ii.  navatis  grise  pet,"  and 
chalk  for  the  jpendentia, — **  creta  ad  pendentia*"  the  latter  being  the  term 
universally  employed  in  mediaeval  documents  for  the  vaults  that  rest  upon 
the  ribs.  In  (24)  we  have  "  p'  marmore  apud  Cerne  xviij^  xix"."  Beside 
these,  other  materials  for  building  occur,  as  (1),  "mmcccc.  ferri  tenacis  de 
glovernia,  iiii^^  ziij%"  iron  from  Glocestershire,  and  as  in  the  specimen  week 

*  Le.  the  eleventh  week  of  the  RoU. 

i  John  of  Oxford  oocors  ia  the  Westminster  Bolls  published  by  Smith,  p.  184^ 
5  Edw.  III. 

Gbki.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  m  n 


208  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [Sept. 

inserted  above.  In  some  of  these  entries  we  obtain  named  of  trades  which 
are  of  unusual  occurrence.  Thus  (6),  (21),  and  (12),  "Ade  Merenemio  pro 
bordis  et  lateis/'  i.e.  Merenemius,  a  timber  merchant,  from  lieremium* 
lUcardus  Oalfonarius  the  lime-burner  (from  Calcifurnium  or  the  French 
Chaufournier)  occurs  throughout.  In  (4),  (13),  (25),  Ricardus  Cupar ius\ 
or  CuvariuSj  the  cooper,  from  Oupa  and  Ouva;  in  (1),  Jacob  Jimctor^  the 
joiner,  for  tables;  and  in  (7),  '' Jacobo  Junur  p'  panell'  ad  lectu  dP^  Regis 
jungendis,"  &c. 

The  masons'  terms  for  shaped  stones  are  for  the  most  part  the  same  that 
I  have  discussed  in  my  '^  Architectural  Nomenclature  V  ^^  the  fifth  edition 
of  the  *'  Oxford  Glossary,"  1850,  and  elsewhere,  but  they  furnish  a  variety 
of  spellings  which  are  often  instructive.  I  subjoin  a  list  of  those  which 
appear  to  require  explanation.  They  are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order, 
and  the  numbers  in  brackets  prefixed  to  each  word  indicate  the  weeks  of 
the  roll  in  which  it  occurs  : — 

(1,  3,  &c.,  &c.)  AsselerSf  or  ashlar  stones. 

(3)  (2).  ''  1.  assists  p'  assise  v.d."  . . .  (5).  xxi.  Ussicis, — stones  prepared 
for  coursed  masonry,  from  the  French  assise, 

(2)  (3)  (5). "  ix.  ped  de  hosseus . . .  xxxiiij.  ped  de  hoseus,^^ — the  carved 
stones  placed  at  the  intersection  of  the  ribs  of  vaults,  which  are  still  called 
bosses,  (vide  "Arch.  Nom.,"  p.  43,  and  "Glossary").  They  were  some- 
times termed  keys,  or  claves,  of  which  the  present  roll  has  an  example  in 
(6),  "ii.  Clavibus  et  viij.  Capitrel." 

(4).  «...  x\i.  buseeir,  p' buseell  iii^r  (7).  "  p' xi.  '  5ii#<?V,  xix«. 
Will.  Jacobo  p'  cc  and  q»rt°n  'busch%  v".  vij*.  ob."  (16).  "...  q»rtn 
busch\  ix^."  The  first  entry  is  in  a  list  of  stones  shaped  by  task-work, 
and  I  know  no  other  instance  of  this  use  of  the  word. 

But  in  another  list  of  stones  (3)  we  find  "  xvi.  ped  et  di  et  di'  q^rt'n. 
de  grossis  rotundis,**  which  seem,  for  want  of  a  technical  name,  to  be  simply 
chWed  great  round  stones ;  and  in  (2)  "xxij.  ped  maignanz,^*  which  ap- 
pear to  be  merely  large  stones  {magnums),  from  the  old  French  maigne. 
It  may  be  supposed  in  the  same  way  that  the  "  bushel  stones*'  above  were 
round  stones,  suitable  for  a  column,  which  were  so  distinguished  for  the 
moment  because  they  happened  to  be  about  the  size  and  shape  of  a  bushel 
measure,  (about  eighteen  inches  across  and  eight  inches  thick). 

The  other  two  examples  of  the  word  bushel  are  at  the  end  of  the  Emp- 
tions,  amongst  hurdles,  "  bokettes,"  &c.,  and  are  probably  bushel  baskets, 
or  bushel  measures  of  some  article  not  mentioned. 

(3).  ''  xi.  ped  de  ChapemH  bowe**  occurs  but  once,  with  nothing  to  indi- 
cate its  meaning. 

(2).  "xlij.  cJiamberand':'  (3).  "cxyj.  cham*and\''  also  (4)  (5).  I  have 
found  this  word  repeatedly  in  the  accounts  of  King's  Hall,  Cambridge.  Thus 
in  6  Edward  IV.  in  the  form  chamberh'nt,  and  in  6  Henry  VI.  as  "  xix.  ped 

^  This  Ib  given  by  Dacange. 

1  Vide  "  Pablications  of  the  Cambridge  Antiquarian  Sodety,  vol  L,  1844." 


I860.]  A  Westmintter  FtOric  RoU  of  1258.  299 

de  chameranU  pro  magna  porta  i^  and  soon  after,  *'  xsiiij.  ped  dejamheB** 
In  4  Henrj  V.,  "lapid*  vocat  ekampys^*  and  in  5  Henry  V.  J,*. .  .jamby$^^ 
I  have  also  found  it  in  other  account  rolls,  and  in  my  *'  Nomenclature/*  art 
81,  have  given  another  form  apparently  of  the  same  word,  namely  eJum* 
meres^  which  I  supposed  to  be  jawfner$t  or  stones  for  the  jamb»  oi  doors 
or  windows.  The  spelling  of  the  above  examples  appears  to  shew  that  this 
word  is  the  same  as  the  French  ckamiranle,  the  ornamental  border  or  s^ 
of  moldings  about  a  door,  window,  or  chimney,  and-  in  these  early  ezam;- 
ples  was  used  for  the  molded  stones  of  the  jambs,  if  not  also  for  the  arch* 
molds,  or  at  least  for  the  hoodmolds. 

(2).  **  cczliij.  ped  eerehe$J**  (9).  **cclxviij.  ped  de  $6reheiJ*  Okerei^ 
and  serche  are  old  French  words  for  drcuhur  arcs,  and  are  used  by  warkr 
men  for  convex  or  curved  pieces.  In  this  place  they  may  mean  convex 
stones  such  as  would  be  employed  in  building  cylindrical  piers. 

(2).  "Ixviij.  ped  de  escut:'  (3)  also  (9).  "iiij"  et  x.  et  di  ped'  de 
scutis,'*  (5)  ''xvij.  ped  de  escum't"  These  are  8kwh9ione$t  i.e.  stonett 
cut  with  a  bevel  edge.  Similar  terms  occur  frequently  in  masons'  accountn. 
(Vide  Skew,  Skew-table,  &c.  m  ^  Arch.  Norn."  and  ''  Glossary.") 

(2)  (3)  (9).  «« Folsuris  cum  filo."  (4).  **Sotundie,  folsoris  emmfiHetr 
i.e.  voussoirs  with  a  filleted  molding. 

(4)  (5)  (3).  **  Rotundis  folsuris,"  i.e.  voussoirs  with  round  moldings. 

(9).  ^'iiii^.y.  folsuree  chanferete,**  Le.  chamfered  roussoirs.  Ohaiv^flram 
means  also  channeled  or  furrowed,  and  therefore  we  may  include  Toussoirs 
with  moldings  under  this  expression.  All  these  are  Toussoirs  for  molded 
arches  or  ribs,  and  as  they  occur  in  company  with  **  chalk  for  the  vaults 
and  bosses,"  {ereta  ad  p&mdenHaj)  are  intended  for  their  ribs. 

(5).  ForimeUe.  (3).  XbrmeUde.  The  same  as  '*  form-pieces,'*  namely, 
the  stones  cut  for  tracery.     {**  Arch.  Nom.,"  p.  48,  and  "  Glossary.") 

(6).  Lothengee^  stones  cut  into  the  form  of  the  heraldic  loz&fige,  perhaps 
for  paving. 

(6).  ''  It'  Rogo.  de  T^  pro  iiij.  orlnUmi  xxxiij.  sol.'*  This  word  only 
occurs  in  this  example,  and  here  in  small  number.  Wt  may  guess  the 
thing  to  be  a  carved  boss  or  bracket  of  a  globular  form ;  or,  as  or&tZs  is 
the  rim  of  a  wheel,  they  may  be  stones  in  a  ring  form  for  tracery. 

(2)  (3).  . .  .  perpeniy  parpens,  or  through  stones. — (\1de  Perpeni-eione 
in  «  Glossary.") 

(4).  Seention^  or  seenhonJ  This  is  a  word  which  firequently  oocurs, 
with  varied  spelling,  in  masonic  documents.  (Yide  BeuUtheon  in  **  Arch. 
Nom.,"  p.  37,  and  **  Glossary.")  It  is  always  used  for  stones  with  an  ob- 
tuse external  angle. 

(3).  ''c.  et  ii]j»  ped.  de  fa52MiMi/^,''-HBtringcour8efl.    (''Arch.  Nom./' 

p.  25,  and  ''  Glossary,"  art.  Table.) 

Rob.  Wixiis. 


800  [Sept. 


THOMAS  BECKET  OR  THOMAS  OF  LONDON? 

Mr.  Urban, — The  question  raised  by  Canon  Robertson  in  your  last 
number  is  not  a  very  great  one,  but  the  way  in  which  he  has  treated  it 
seems  to  require  some  answer.  Mr.  Robertson  begins  by  saying  that  he 
has  seen  several  reviews  of  his  "  Becket ;  a  Biography,"  which  doubt  or 
deny  that  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury  was  ever  known  in  his  own  age  as 
Thomas  Becket.  He  finds  this  doubt  or  denial  in  four  different  periodicals ; 
he  suspects  that  three  of  them  were  written  by  the  same  person  and  that 
the  fourth  was  written  under  the  influence  of  the  other  three;  he  also 
suspects  that  another  article  in  another  review,  which  contains  nothing 
about  the  matter,  and  yet  another — he  does  not  say  where  or  what  about 
—were  also  written  by  the  author  of  the  first  three.  By  dint  of  all  this, 
he  contrives  to  say  a  good  deal  about  a  very  small  matter.  It  is  certainly 
no  small  implied  compliment  on  Mr.  Robertson's  part  to  his  reviewer  or 
reviewers  that,  of  all  they  had  to  say  about  him,  this  small  point  is  the  only 
one  on  which  he  thinks  he  has  anything  to  say  in  reply. 

I  am  not  going  to  gratify  Mr.  Robertson's  curiosity  as  to  the  identity  or 
diversity  of  any  of  his  critics,  or  even  to  tell  him  whether  I  have  the  means 
of  gratifying  it  or  not.  It  is  a  good  rule  to  give  no  infoi*mation  on  such 
pomts.  Whether  I  have  or  have  not  ever  written  anything  in  any  periodical 
beside  the  "  National  Review"  is  no  affair  of  Mr.  Robertson's.  He  thinks 
that  I  have  written  in  the  "Saturday  Review,"  the  "Guardian,"  the  "Edin- 
burgh  Review,"  and  some  nameless  place;  he  thinks  that  I  have  not 
written,  but  that  I  have  "  inspired,"  an  article  in  the  "  English  Churchman." 
I  am  not  going  to  tell  him  whether  any  of  these  surmises  are  true;  the 
only  question  for  him  is  whether  the  criticism  is  true  or  false,  not 
whether  the  critics  are  few  or  many.  I  have  known  such  guesses  be- 
fore: I  have  sometimes  known  them  right;  I  have  more  commonly 
known  them  wrong.  You,  Mb.  Ubbajs^,  probably  remember  a  very 
amusing  case  in  your  own  pages.  Two  antiquaries,  excellent  personal 
friends,  but  better  known  to  the  world  for  their  differences  than  for  their 
agreements,  chanced  to  express  about  the  same  time,  in  two  different 
quarters,  the  same  opinion  as  to  the  architecture  of  Aquitaine  and  of  Italy 
and  its  practical  bearing  on  modern  English  design.  An  architect,  who 
chose  to  fancy  himself  aggrieved,  but  whom  I  believe  neither  writer  was 
thinking  of,  wrote  an  answer  in  which  he  clearly  thought  it  a  wonderfully 
clever  hit  to  assume  that  his  two  antagonists  were  one  and  the  same,  to 
the  intense  private  amusement  of  both  the  two  gentlemen  so  strangely 
rolled  into  one.  Let  Mr.  Robertson  take  care.  He  may  be  right.  He 
may  be  wrong.  But  whether  his  critics  be  one,  two,  three,  or  four,  it 
makes  no  difference  as  to  the  value  of  the  criticism. 


I860.]  ThomoB  Becket  or  Thomas  of  London  ?  801 

Mr.  Bobertson  first  quotes  the  "  Saturday  Review*' — ^I  should  not  say  he 
"  quotes"  it,  as  he  prefers  the  parliamentary  and  newspaper  vulgarism  of 
''  alluding  to"  it.  He  says  that  there  was  a  favourable  review  of  him  in 
one  number  and  another  article  on  Mr.  Morris's  boolc  in  another  number. 
I  remember  both  articles  very  well.  Mr.  Robertson  assumes  that  they  were 
by  different  writers,  and  that  the  writer  of  that  on  Mr.  Morris  wrote  tw« 
on  Mr.  Robertson  elsewhere.  He  may  be  right  or  he  may  be  wrong.  But  I 
certainly  remember  no  contradiction  between  the  two  articles.  The  review 
of  Mr.  Robertson  did  not  criticise  Mr.  Morris;  the  review  of  Mr.  ^orris  did 
not  criticise  Mr.  Robertson.  The  review  of  Mr.  Robertson  was,  as  ha 
allows,  decidedly  favourable ;  but  it  seems  that  Mr.  Robertson's  Protestant 
zeal  is  so  great  that  favourable  criticism  of  himself  is  of  no  value  without 
unfavourable  criticism  of  his  Catholic  rival. 

The  article  in  the  ''  Guardian"  I  also  remember,  though  of  that,  as  well 
as  of  those  in  the  "  Saturday  Review,**  I  can  only  speak  firom  memory.  I 
believe,  however,  that  it  did  express  the  opinion  of  which  Mr.  Robertson 
complains,  as  to  the  name  of  the  Archlnshop.  I  believe  also  that  it  pdnted 
out  two  or  three  mistakes  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Robertson^— not  very  great 
ones  certainly,  but  still  mistakes — about  which  Mr.  Robertson  finds  it  more 
prudent  to  hold  his  peace. 

These  two  articles,  with  one,  of  course  much  longer,  in  the  *'  National 
Review,"  make  up  what  Mr.  Robertson  is  pleased  to  call  tiie  "  eritieal 
Cerberus."  Mr.  Robertson  says  that  "the  very  remarkable  variety  of  the 
organs  through  which  he  has  uttered  his  opinion  might  impose  on  simple 
readers  almost  as  much  as  the  confidence  of  his  tone."-  There  ia  at  least 
no  confidence  in  the  tone  of  the  ''National  Review."  The  passage 
there  ii 


"  It  is  d(mb^^  whether  hit  own  age  even  called  him  Thomis  Becket,  much  less 
Thomas  ^  Becket  or  Becket  alone.  King  Henry  the  Eighth's  proclamation  has  con- 
verted his  historical  title  of  'St. Thomas  of  Canteibary*  into  a  badge  of  party. 
Otherwise  we  might  probably  have  called  him  Saint  Thomas  with  no  nM»e  offimos 
than  is  inemred  by  speaking  historically  of  Samt  Dominie  or  Saint  DunstaBk  By  «My 
of  being  9itfet  we  mean  to  call  him,  as  his  contemporaries  called  him»  Thomas^  wA^A  w§ 
hope  will  noi  commU  U9  to  euHftldng  eUher  way,  Thomas  of  London,  Thomas  of  Oanter- 
bury,  Thomas  the  Archdeacon,  the  Chancellor,  the  Archlnshop,  and  finally  the  Martyr, 
are  the  only  descriptions  by  winch  he  was  ooffMaoii^  known  in  bis  own  day .'^— (p.  SS^) 

Surely  here  is  the  very  opposite  to  '*  confidence  of  tone."  A  doubt 
is  professed  on  a  point,  and  a  particular  course  is  chalked  out  to  secura 
the  doubter  himself  from  error  any  way,  but  there  is  no  censure  whatever 
pronounced  on  Uiose  who  may  choose  a  bolder  path.  It  is  not  certain 
that  the  Archbishop  was  called  Becket;  it  is  certain  that  he  was  called 
Thomas ;  the  writer  therefore,  in  a  spirit  of  timidity  rather  than  of  **  con- 
fidence," chooses  the  mode  of  speech  in  which  he  is  at  least  not  wrong. 

Mr.  Robertson  then  goes  on  to  say  that  a  certain  article  in  the  '*  English 


802  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [Sept. 

Churchman"  was  not  indeed  written  by  "  the  critical  Cerberus,"  but  "  evi- 
dently inspired"  by  his  writings.  I  wonder  whether  Mr.  lEtobertson's  theory 
of  "  inspiration"  is  as  orthodox  as  becomes  a  Canon  of  Canterbury.  A 
writer  in  "  a  sceptical  quarterly  periodical"  may  be  allowed  to  wonder  at 
the  inspired  medium  speaking  in  a  remarkably  different  way  from  the 
inspiring  spirit.     The  words  of  the  "  English  Churchman"  are — 

"  <  Becket,'  (as  Mr.  Robert-son  in  defiance  of  legitimate  history  persists  in  designating 
the  Archbishop)." 

The  "  National  Review"  was  merely  "  sceptical"  as  to  Thomas  being  ever 
called  Becket ;  but  the  "  English  Churchman"  assumes,  with  great  **  con- 
fidence of  tone,"  that  it  is  a  "  defiance  of  legitimate  history"  to  call  him 
so.  The  "  National"  Reviewer  said  not  a  word  about  Mr.  Robertson's  way 
of  calling  the  Archbishop,  but  spoke  only  of  the  way  in  which,  for  safety's 
sake,  he  thought  good  to  call  him  himself.  The  "  English  Churchman" 
charges  Mr.  Robertson  personally  with  "  persisting  in  defiance  of  legiti- 
mate history."  Yet  Mr.  Robertson  thinks  that  the  "  English  Churchman" 
writes  in  the  "  more  courteous  spirit"  of  the  two.  Mr.  Robertson's  notions 
of  courtesy  must  be  as  odd  as  his  notions  of  inspiration ;  for  it  must  be 
remembered  that,  according  to  his  theory  of  '*  the  critical  Cerberus,"  this 
same  less  *'  courteous  spirit"  is  also  shewn  in  a  "  Saturday  Review"  article 
which  did  not,  as  far  as  I  remember,  mention  him  at  all.  But  perhaps, 
afler  all,  that  same  not  mentioning  him  was  the  unkindest  cut  of  all. 
And  I  wonder  if  Mr.  Robertson  thinks  that  he  himself  has  been  the 
very  mirror  of  courtesy  towards  Dr.  Giles,  Mr.  Morris,  M.  Buss,  and 
St.  Thomas  himself. 

Mr.  Robertson  goes  on  to  say  that  '*  the  critical  Cerberus"  has  also,  in  his 
own  elegant  language,  "broken  out  in  a  fourth"  place,  "namely,  the  'Edin« 
burgh  Review,'  where  Becket  is  mentioned  in  an  article  on  Dr.  Vaughan's 
'Revolutions  in  English  History.' "  Because  "Becket  is  mentioned,"  there- 
fore, apparently,  the  writer  must  be  the  same.  Mr.  Robertson  thinks  that 
anybody  who  so  much  as  mentions  "  Becket"  anywhere,  with  or  without  any 
mention  of  Mr.  Robertson,  must  necessarily  be  his  anonymous  and  ubiqui- 
tous persecutor,  or,  at  all  events,  some  one  inspired  by  him.  Did  Mr.  Robert* 
son  fancy  that  he  was  the  only  person  who  knew  anything  about "  Becket"  ? 
Is  he  somewhat  troubled  at  finding  that  there  is  at  least  one  such  persoa 
beside  himself,  but  still  hopes  at  least  to  avoid  the  horrible  possibility  of 
there  being  four  or  &ve  ?  For  observe  that  it  is  the  mere  "  mention"  of 
"Becket"  in  the  "Edinburgh"  at  which  the  worthy  Canon  starts.  For  most 
certainly  the  article  in  the  "Edinburgh"  does  not  contain  the  slightest 
mention,  good  or  bad,  of  Mr.  Robertson  himself.  Moreover,  it  does  not 
contain  one  word  about  the  point  of  issue  between  Mr.  Robertson  and  his 
critics,  and  it  actually  in  two  places  (p.  141  and  p.  158)  speaks  of  the 
Archbishop  by  the  disputed  name  of  Becket. 

As  for  the  "  fifth  periodical  in  which  he  [Cerberus]  has  turned  his  reful- 


I860.]  Thomas  Becket  or  Thomas  of  London  ?  808 

ing  on  the  subject  to  account,"  I  can  say  nothing  whatever  about  it  till 
Mr.  Robertson  at  least  mentions  its  name. 

On  this  head  I  will  say  no  more,  except  that,  while  to  a  writer  like 
Mr,  Robertson,  who  sees  everything  through  a  distorted  party  medium, 
it  may  seem  strange  that  a  "  high- Anglican  newspaper"  and  what  he  is 
pleased  to  call  a  ''  sceptical  quarterly  periodical"  should  agree  even  in  a 
small  matter  of  antiquarian  detail,  men  of  more  enlarged  minds  will  under- 
stand that  wide  differences  in  politics  or  theology  need  in  no  way  hinder 
the  common  search  after  truth,  and  that  they  are  quite  consistent  with 
common  admiration  for  an  illustrious  man  of  past  times. 

To  come  to  the  matter  itself,  Mr.  Robertson  takes  some  unnecessary 
pains  to  prove  that  the  Archbishop's  father  was  called  Becket.  Nobody 
ever  denied  it.  On  this  point  indeed  the  '*  National  Review"  does  not 
doubt,  but  speaks  in  a  tone  of  perfect  confidence.  "  His  father,"  says  the 
note  in  p.  323,  "  was  undoubtedly  called  Gilbert  Becket."  Whether  it 
was,  in  Gilbert's  case,  a  mere  nickname  or  a  hereditary  surname,  it  would 
be  hard  to  decide.  He  lived  just  at  the  time  when  personal  surnames  were 
beginning  to  become  hereditary.  We  do  not  know  whether  Gilbert's 
father  was  called  Becket,  and  we  cannot  tell  whether  the  name  would 
have  become  hereditary  among  his  own  descendants,  seeing  he  had  no 
male  offspring  but  Thomas  himself.  The  instances  of  Italian  Beckets  some 
two  centuries  after  claiming  kindred  with  the  martyr  prove  extremely  little. 
Does  not  Mr.  Robertson  know  how  utterly  worthless  all  family  traditions 
are  when  unsupported  by  real  historical  evidence  } 

Where  Mr.  Robertson's  argument  fails  is  in  this.  It  is  certain  that  the 
Archbishop's  father  was  called  Gilbert  Becket ;  it  is  possible  that  Becket 
may  have  been  in  his  case  strictly  a  family  name.  Mr.  Robertson's  mis- 
take lies  in  thinking  that  it  necessarily  follows  from  this  that  Thomas  was 
called  Becket  as  well  as  his  father.  Now  surely  it  was  a  common  practice, 
then  and  long  after,  for  a  churchman  to  bear  some  name  quite  different 
from  that  of  his  father,  most  commonly  that  of  his  birthplace.  William  of 
Wykeham  and  William  of  Waynflete  were  not  the  sons  of  Mr.  Wykeham 
and  Mr.  Waynflete  senior.  Glastonbury  Abbey,  just  before  its  suppression, 
was,  as  the  list  of  signatures  to  the  acknowledgement  of  the  king's  supre- 
macy testifies,  full  of  monks  with  the  most  wonderful  set  of  surnames, 
which  it  is  utterly  impossible  to  believe  that  they  inherited  from  their 
fathers.  About  the  same  time  there  were  at  least  two  Bishops  with  aliases. 
Kitchen  alias  Dunstan,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  and  Voysey  alias  Harman, 
Bishop  of  Exeter.  Hence,  to  my  mind,  it  follows  that  it  is  to  be  proved, 
and  not  merely  to  be  assumed,  that  the  son  of  Gilbert  Becket  was  called 
Thomas  Becket.  Now  the  case  is  simply  this ;  as  far  as  my  reading  goes, 
he  is  only  twice  spoken  of  with  anything  like  a  surname.  Gervase  intro- 
duces him  rather  formally  as  "Thomas  Londoniensis ;"  the  murderers, 
according  to  Edward  Grim,  call  out,  ''  Ubi  est  Thomas  Beketh  ?"     Cer- 


804  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  .  [Sept. 

tainly  it  seems  to  me  that  the  former  passage  tells  more  strongly  in  favour 
of  his  real  description  being  Thomas  of  London  than  the  latter  does  in. 
favour  of  its  being  Thomas  Becket.  Doubtless,  as  Mr.  Bobertson  says, 
he  was  not  likely  to  be  called  either  very  long.  Mr.  Robertson  agrees 
with  me  that,  in  the  one  contemporary  instance  of  his  being  called  Becket,. 
he  was  called  so  by  way  of  insult,  but  he  is  not  lucky  in  one  at  least  of  the 
cases  he  quotes  as  analogous.  Lewis  the  Sixteenth  was  called  Lewis 
Capet  at  his  trial,  but  Mr.  Robertscm  is  surely  utterly  mistaken  in  sup- 
posing that  Capet  was  a  real  surname  of  the  Kings  of  France.  They 
had  no  surname,  because  they  needed  none ;  if  the  later  kings  had  anything 
the  least  approaching  t6  one,  it  surely  was  Bourbon  and  not  Capet  Hugh, 
elected  King  of  the  French  in  987,  is  called  Hugh  Capet  in  the  common 
histories;  I  do  not  know  of  any  contemporary  authority  for  the  name, 
though,  as  I  have  not  gone  into  the  matter  quite  so  minutely  as  I  have  into 
the  history  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  I  cannot  dogmatically  assert  that 
there  is  none.  But,  any  how,  the  name  was  purely  personal.  The  dynasty 
founded  by  Hugh  is  commonly  called  the  Capetian  as  a  matter  of  con- 
venience, but  most  assuredly  no  member  of  his  house  ever  bore  the  name 
of  Capet  as  a  hereditary  surname.  Of  course,  in  the  other  case,  Charles 
Stuart  was  the  real  name  of  Charles  the  First,  supposing  him  shorn  of 
his  royalty.  But  most  certainly  he  had  never  been  called  Charles  Stuart 
before,  and  it  is  very  likely  that  Thomas,  when  the  knights  cried  out 
"  Ubi  est  Thomas  Beketh?"  had  never  heard  himself  called  '*  Thomas 
Beketh"  before. 

But  supposing  that  he  was  called  Thomas  Becket,  just  like  Gilbert 
Foliot,  I  still  think  that  it  is  better  to  call  him  Thomas  than  Becket,  just 
as  I  should,  though  Mr.  Robertson  thinks  I  should  not,  call  his  adversary 
Gilbert  and  not  Foliot.  That  is,  1  should  introduce  them  as  Thomas  Becket 
and  Gilbert  Foliot,  but  go  on  speaking  of  them  as  Thomas  and  Gilbert. 
The  article  in  the  "  National  Review"  says  nothing  about  the  matter,  but 
it  acts  consistently  on  this  principle.  This  was  the  contemporary  use,  and 
for  an  obvious  reason.  When  Mr.  Robertson  says  that  we  should  talk  of 
Becket  and  Foliot,  because  we  talk  of  Cranmer  and  Tenison,  he  forgets 
that  the  relation  between  Christian  name  and  surname  had  completely 
changed  in  the  interval.  In  the  twelfth  century  a  man  was  commonly 
spoken  of  by  his  Christian  name ;  his  surname,  if  he  had  any,  was  used 
only  when  it  was  wanted  to  distinguish  him  from  other  men  of  the  same 
Christian  name.  By  the  sixteenth  century  this  was  quite  changed ;  then, 
as  now,  a  man  was  commonly  called  by  his  surname,  and  his  Christiaa 
name  was  used  only  when  it  was  wanted  to  distinguish  him  from  other 
men  of  the  same  surname.  If  I  had  occasion  to  speak  of  Gilbert,  Bishop 
of  London,  and  of  a  later  Gilbert,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  I  should,  on  first  in- 
troducing them,  say,  "  Gilbert-  Foliot"  and  "  Gilbert  Burnet"  respectively, 
but  in  the  one  case  I  should  go  on  talking  of  *'  Gilbert"  and  in  the  other 
10 


I860.] 


Notes  on  Coronations. 


805 


case  of  "  Burnet."  I  should  do  this  simply  because  it  is  of  some  con- 
sequence to  the  real  life  of  history  to  attend  to  these  little  minutiae  of 
different  ages.  And  I  may  add  that  I  am  speaking  chiefly  of  writings, 
like  Mr.  Robertson's  book  or  my  article,  dealing  specially  with  the  par- 
ticular age  in  question.  To  say  Foliot  or  Langton — or  Becket,  if  he  was 
Becket — ^in  an  incidental  mention  or  allusion  while  treating  of  something 
else  is  quite  another  matter,  though  even  then  I  should  think  it  better; 
if  possible,  to  say  Gilbert  Foliot,  Stephen  Langton,  and,  if  so  it  is  to  be, 
Thomas  Becket. 

Some  parts  of  Mr.  Robertson's  letter  I  do  not  quite  understand ;  some 
have  highly  amused  me.  "  Nor  would  there,"  he  says,  *'  probably  have 
been  any  scruple  in  the  case  of  Becket,  but  for  the  peculiarity  of  his  history 
— that  he  was  first  canonized  by  a  pope,  and  then,  by  the  authority  of  the 
State,  was  violently  ejected  from  the  English  Calendar."  Mr.  Robertson  will 
perhaps  hardly  believe  that  there  are  people  who  love  truth  for  its  own  sake, 
and  who  like  to  be  accurate  in  all  matters  great  and  small,  whether  Popes 
or  Kings  are  profited  or  damaged  thereby.  But  Mr.  Robertson  writes  from 
a  peculiar  spot  and  on  a  peculiar  day.  It  must  be  a  triumphant  thing  for 
an  English  Reviewer  to  date  from  the  "  Precincts,  Canterbury,"  on  "  July 
7th."  Who  was  it  that  turned  Christ  Church  Priory  into  mere  "Pre- 
cincts," and  the  Feast  of  the  Translation  of  St.  Thomas  into  a  mere 
"  July  7th"  ?  Mr.  Robertson,  a  Canon  on  the  foundation  of  King  Henry 
the  Eighth,  knows  his  duty  to  his  founder.  '*  No  more  Saint,  but  Bishop 
Becket"  are  the  words  of  that  founder's  proclamation.  Mr.  Robertson, 
loyal  subject  and  thankful  bedesman,  as  in  duty  bound,  humbly  obeys. 

I  am,  &c., 
The  Wbitbe  ik  the  "  National  Rbvibw." 


NOTES  ON  CORONATIONS. 


Mb.  Ubban, — May  I  yentnre  to  ask 
Mr.  Mackenzie  Waloott  from  whence  he 
derived  the  description  of  the  coronation 
of  Richard  I.  published  in  yoor  Magazine 
of  last  month,  as  according  to  that  ac- 
count the  ceremony  took  place  on  the 
eleventh  of  September,  which  is  contrary 
to  all  the  old  aathorities  on  the  sabject  I 
have  yet  met  with  ? 

Gervase  of  Canterbnry  mentions  the 
second  of  September,  but  Fabyan,  Qrafton, 
Holinshed,  Milles^  Carte,  Baker,  Tyrrell^ 


Kennet,  Taylor  (in  his  "Glory  of  Re- 
gality"), &c,  are  all  agreed  that  Richard 
was  crowned  upon  the  tlurd,  Fetet  Lang- 
toft  says : — 

'*  In  a  moneth  mirie 
September  begynnyng, 
Baudwyn  of  Canterbirie 
Com  to  ooroone  y*  kyng." 

May  I  also  ask  who  is  meant  by  the 
Queen  "  Eleanor"  crowned  with  him  ? 

I  am,  &c., 

EsMUin)  SEDDnra. 


Gbht.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


00 


806 


[Sept. 


HISTORICAL  AKD  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Shall  the  Ifew  Foreign  Office  be  Qothie 
or  Classic?    A  Plea  for  thefonner:  ad- 
dressed to  the  Members  of  the  House  of 
Commons.    By  Sir  Fbancis  E.  Scott, 
Barti  Chairman  of  the  Government  School 
of  Art,  Birmingham.    (London :  Bell  and 
Daldy.) — If  Lord    Palmertton    and   the 
pseudo-Classical  school  were  not  deaf  to 
all  argument  however  able,  and  so  blinded 
by  prejudice  that  they  cannot  see  truth 
however  plainly  it  may  be  put    before 
them,  we  should  expect  this  clever  pam- 
phlet to  produce  comnderable  effect.    As 
it  is,  we  fear  the  matter  has  all  been 
snugly  arranged  aub  rosa,  and  the  pledge 
to  Parliament  will  be  evaded.    The  real 
decision  will  be  made  by  the  red-tapists, 
and  the  public  will  have  no  voice  in  the 
matter.    Whether  Sir  Francis  Scott  is 
listened  to  or  not,  his  pamphlet  is  highly 
creditable  to  him,  and  shews  a  thorough 
tbastery  of  his  subject.    It  contains  in  a 
few  pages  an  excellent  summary  of  the 
history  of  architecture,  and  proves  that 
his  opinion  in  favour  of  Gothic  is  no  hasty 
fancy,  but  is  deliberately  and  carefully 
formed  from  study  and  observation.    It  is 
so  thoroughly  sound  and  sensible,  and  at 
the  same  time  sprightly  and    amusing, 
that  it  is  quite  a  credit  to  his  order,  and 
it  strikes  us  as  a  good  answer  to  the  sneers 
of  those  vulgar  Cockney  penny-a-liners 
who  are  so  continually  reviling  the  "  bloat- 
ed and  pampered  aristocracy,"  and  talking 
of  the  ignorance  of  the  upper  classes  as 
if  they  thereby  exalted  themselves.    We 
believe,  on  the  contrary,  that  the  upper 
classes  are  generally,  as  they  ought  to  be, 
the  best-informed  classes,  and  that  they 
do  commonly  make  use  of  their  better  op- 
portunities, as  they  ought  to  do.    Sir  F. 
Scott  shews  that  he  has  not  travelled  with 
his  eyes  shut,  and  has  not  forgotten  his 
University  education.     He  is  able  and 
willing  to  render  full  justice  to  the  real 
Classical  styles  in  their  proper  places,  and 
for  the  purposes  for  which  they  were  in- 


tended ;  and  this  makes  his  testimony  in 
fiftvour  of  our  own  English  national  style  all 
the  more  weighty  and  important^  as  the 
deliberate,  well-considered  judgment  of  a 
remarkably  well-informed  man,  who  has 
had  the  best  opportunities  for  formii^g  a 
correct  judgment^  by  sedng  all  the  stylei 
iii  their  own  respective  countries. 

As  many  of  our  readers  will  probably 
not  have  the  opportunity  of  reading  this 
really  valuable  essay,  we  subjoin  a  few  ex- 
tracts of  those  passages  which  have  mosl 
attracted  our  attention : — 

"  I  advocate  hnilding  on  Qoihie  prin^ 
ciples  to  get  rid  of  the  depressing  uni- 
formity and  monotony  of  ugliness  with 
which  the  mechanical  employment  of  an 
exotic  style,  in  the  ordinary  architectnre 
of  the  day,  afflicts  our  streets,  and  makes 
London  a  byword  among  capitals.  And 
I  say  that  it  is  provable,  from  past  his* 
tory  and  present  inspection,  that  both  in 
theory  and  in  practice,  and  in  every  con- 
ceivable situation,  the  abeoUUe  Uberhf  and 
eensible  principles  of  Chthic  construction 
have  made,  and  do  make,  the  style  avail- 
able for  any  kind  of  edifice  whatsoever^ 
and  far  more  safe  and  commodious  for  the 
factory  and  warehouse,  for  public  and 
private  dwellings,  than  any  adaptation  of 
the  Classic  stylo. 

*'  I  repudiate  as  ridiculous  the  exdunve 
application  to  Gothic  architecture  of  the 
terms  'Christian'  on  tVe  part  of  its 
friends,  and  'ecclesiastical'  on  the  part 
of  its  foes. 

"Itis  as  the  chosen  stifle  of  free  and 
popular  communities  that  I  have  studied 
and  admired  it,  and  as  such  I  venture  to 
recommend  it.    •    .    . 

"  Any  man  of  observation,  who  has  the 
gfood  fortune  to  live  much  in  the  company 
of  pictures,  can  hardly  help  acquiring,  un- 
consciously to  himself  some  knowle^g;e  of 
form,  outline,  and  colour. 

"  In  the  same  way  it  is  imposnble  that 
the  buildings  we  live  amongst,  md  daily 
pass  in  our  walks  and  rides  ^  businen  and 
pleasure,  should  not  exercise  an  onper- 
oeived  influence  on  our  tastes,  for  good  or 
for  ill,  for  our  improvement  or  the  re- 
verse. 

"  There  cannot  be  a  queftion  more  nni- 


I860.]     Shall  the  New  Foreign  Office  be  Gothic  or  Classic  ?      807 


versal  in  its  bearing,  or  of  more  import- 
ance to  every  one  to  know  something 
about,  than  that  of  Architecture;  and 
yet  there  is  scarcely  a  subject  one  can 
mention  that  is  more  unpopular,  and — as 
to  its  history  and  details — ^less  understood^ 
in  general  society. 

"  At  the  same  time  I  suppose  there  is 
not  a  man  in  England  who  keeps  a  horse 
but  can  describe  (or  imagines  he  can)  all 
his  animal's  good  points,  takes  a  pride  in 
doing  so,  and  feels  ashamed  of  himself  if 
he  cannot. 

"  Now  a  horse  is  a  luxury,  and  lasts  ten 
years  at  most ;  a  house  is  a  necessity,  and 
—even  in  London — lasts  a  hundred ;  it  is 
a  tiling  that  must  be  looked  at,  panted, 
repaired,  lived  in ;  and  that  shoiUd  be  in 
detail  as  much  the  type  of  its  possessor,  as 
its  general  style  should  be  that  of  its  age. 

"  VVhy,  then,  should  we  not  take  a  per- 
sonal interest  in  the  style  of  our  houses  as 
well  as  our  horses  ? 

"Why  should  our  public  schools  con- 
tinue to  ignore  Art-teaching,  and  the 
study  of  Architecture,  as  well  as  the  useful 
and  elevating  pursuit  of  learning  and  ap- 
preciating the  beauty  of  form  and  colour  ? 

"  Why  do  they  only  surfeit  our  memo- 
ries with  a  ten  years'  struggle  against 
*  toujours  Orec  et  Latin  V 

"  And  why  are  our  next  ten  years  occu- 
pied (and  successfully !)  in  rejecting  the 
same,  and  taking  refuge  in  horseflesh  ? 

"We  who  at  Eton  and  Oxford  have 
been  fed  upon  Classical  traditions  have  to 
find  our  way  to  Gothic  and  National  Art 
through  Latin,  Greek,  and  the  Five 
Orders,  and  that,  I  apprehend,  is  why 
numbCTs  never  care  to  get  beyond  Virg^ 
and  Corinthian. 

"But  in  our  great  provincial  capitals, 
more  especially  at  Birmingham,  where 
Shakespeare  (vi  his  native  county)  is 
better  known  and  loved  than  all  the  poets 
of  the  world  together,  the  unprejudiced 
study  of  early  English  literature  seems  to 
lead  men  more  directly  to  English  art; 
and  this  explains  what  I  presume  to  be  an 
unquestioned  fact,  that  it  is  there,  rather 
than  in  \he  metropolis,  that  the  principles 
upon  which  the  F^-Kaflaelite  school  was 
founded  and  Gothic  practice  has  always 
worked,  are  admitted  to  be  true  and  ap- 
preciated as  they  deserve. 

"  Gothic— of  which  style,  in  its  culmi- 
nating period,  the  pointed  arch  to  vaults 
and  openings  is  perhaps  the  most  essential 
and  vital,  as  it  certainly  is  the  most 
striking,  characteristic — is  National  by 
right  of  birth,  parentage,  and  possession. 

"  Lineally  descended,  through  the  Tran- 
sition style,  from  Anglo-Norman,  without 


a  break  in  the  succession,  its  forms  and 
details,  with  endless  freedom  of  local  vari- 
f^tion,  being  progressively  developed  as  it 
grows, — with  every  constructive  and  de- 
corative feature  dictated  by  convenience 
and  not  caprice, — ^we  find  it  in  the  thir- 
teenth, fourteenth,  and  fifteenth  centuries 
not  merely  paramount  in  the  land,  bat 
sole  in  occupation,  and  reigning  withoujb 
a  rivaL 

"From  the  priory  to  the  prison,  from 
the  castle  to  the  cottage,  in  every  rank 
and  every  class,  in  crowded  town  and  se- 
cluded country,  English  architecture  had 
then  but  one  voice,  and  that  voice  was 
Gothic. 

"  And  so  well  and  truly  did  Gothic  ar- 
chitecture fulfil  its  mission,  that  to  this 
day  we  see  how  its  sensible,  oonvenient, 
flexible  character  adapts  itself  to  all  re- 
quirements and  situations,  and  to  all  the 
exigencies  of  our  varying  climate;  and 
who  can  wonder  then  that  the  love  of  it 
and  the  care  for  it  struck  root  so  deeply 
in  the  hearts  of  the  earnest  men  of  old, 
and  so  tenderly  twined  about  the  fancies 
of  poets  and  pilgrims,  of  the  monk  in  the 
valley,  and  the  workman  in  the  dty; 
just  as  the  ivy  and  woodbine  do  interlace 
its  ruins  with  their  guardian  tendrils, 
that  have  preserved  the  lofty  tower  and 
the  tottering  wall,  through  the  indiffer- 
ence and  neglect  of  an  artificial  age,  to 
the  study  and  admiration  of  these  more 
natural  and  appreciative  days !    .    .    • 

"  The  Uneoffe  of  our  DomeaUo  Oothio 
is  cUso  purely  national.    You  may  trace 
it  up  to  the  wooden  erections  of  the  Saxon  ; 
but  you  won't  find  about  it  a  scrap  of- 
Classic  precedent  or  tradition. 

"  Mr.  Parker  has  ably  shewn  how  the 
English  manor-house  is  a  slow  and  gradual 
developement  of  the  Norman  keep;  and 
we  know  that,  when  the  Bomanized 
Britons  were  swept  before  the  Saxons 
into  Cornwall  and  Wales,  every  vestige  of 
Boman  Domestic  architecture  was  de- 
stroyed by  those  fiiir-baircd  barbarians, 
together  with  the  effeminate  civilization 
of  which  it  was  the  accompaniment. 

"In  oonolusion,  let  me  remark,  that 
while  I  have  never  been  able  to  make  out 
how,  either  in  an  archsoolog^cal  or  ritual- 
istic sense,  the  application  of  the  term 
'  Christian  architecture*  could  be  restricted 
to  Gothic  alone,  I  advocate  consistently 
the  demgnation  of  Gothic  alone  as  *our 
National  architecture.' 

"  I  do  think  that  a  style  of  national 
extraction,  with  distinct  national  pecu- 
liarities of  outline,  detail,  and  ground- 
plans,  widely  different  from  contemporary 
continental  examples,  a   style  that  has 


d08 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Sept. 


never  acknowledged  a  foreign  soorce, 
— ^that  exclusively  prevailed  in  this  coun- 
try for  360  years, — that,  when  young, 
saw  Saxon,  Dane,  and  Norman  fused  into 
the  Englishman,  and  that,  when  old,  knew 
the  civil  and  religious  Uherties  of  England 
to  be  inalienably  established, — the  first  and 
last  style  of  universal  English  application, 
is  fairly  and  in  justice,  is  in  theory  and 
practice,  entitled  to  be  called  'The  Na- 
tional Style.'    .... 

"It  may  be  that  Gothic — a  style  of 
freedom  in  conception  and  execution — in 
bringing  out  the  special  and  distinctive 
properties  of  each  material  it  employs, 
and  thereby  compelling  the  workman  to 
think  for  himself  and  not  to  drudge  as  a 
mere  machine,  runs  counter  to  official  doc- 
trines of  precedent  and  routine ! 

'*0r  it  may  be  that  the  variety  and 
vigour  of  expression,  the  spontaneity,  the 
liberty  of  treatment,  and  the  modem 
spirit  (the  distinguishing  characteristics, 
in  short)  of  the  Gk)thic  of  our  time,  and 
of  every  time,  are  utterly  at  variance  with 
the  decorous  dulness  which  Lord  Palmer- 
ston  lays  it  down  the  architecture  of  the 
State  should  alone  express. 

"  But  this  personal  distaste,  fonnded 
upon  pure  caprice,  can  hardly  justify  his 
lordship's]  uncalled-for  and  vexatious  in- 
terference with  the  settlement  of  a  ques- 
tion that  had  already  received  the  implied 
sanction  of  the  House  of  Commons.  It  is 
an  admitted  fact  that,  bad  it  not  been  for 
the  noble  lord  and  his  suite  of  jealous  and 
expectant  pseudo-Classic  architects,  the 
G)thic  Foreign  Office  would  be  now  a 
re  ility ! 

"  And  that  it  may  shortly  be  so  I  ear- 
nestly and  confidently  hope :  for  the  de- 
cision of  the  question  is  fortunately  lefb 
to  the  judgment  of  the  House,  and  not  to 
the  whims  and  fantasies  of  the  Prime 
Minister  for  the  time." — (pp.  3 — 70.) 

We  observe,  however,  with  regret  that 
Sir  Francis  Scott  is  no  exception  to  the 
general  rule  that  Englishmen  know  more 
of  other  countries  than  of  their  own.  He 
is  evidently  better  acquainted  with  the 
mcdioival  architecture  of  Italy  than  with 
that  of  England,  and  has  more  liking  for 
Italian  Gothic  detail  than  he  would  have 
if  he  had  compared  it  with  that  of  his 
own  country,  which  is  very  superior  to  it. 
The  usual  answer  to  this  is  that  it  is  in 
Italy  chiefly  that  we  have  any  street  ar- 
chitecture of  the  middle  ages  now  remain- 
ing, and  there  is  some  truth  in  this,  but 
it  is  not  the  whole  truth.    Englishmen 


do  not  like  travelling  and  sight-seeing  in 
their  own  country,  and  those  beautifiil 
remiuns  which  we  still  have  are  neglected 
by  those  who  ought  to  cherish  them,  and 
are  daily  destroyed  before  our  eyes.  How 
few  Englishmen  have  ever  seen  one-half 
of  the  medisBval  English  houses  engraved 
in  Mr.  Parker's  work  on  the  subject,  and 
it  is  this  neglect  of  them  by  the  higher 
classes  that  causes  their  destruction.  A 
tenant  who  knew  that  his  landlord  set  a 
high  value  on  any  remains  of  antiquity 
would  be  careful  not  to  destroy  them. 


WlM^s  Photographic  Rcmdhooh  to  the 
Antiquities  of  Worksop  and  Us  Neighbour' 
hood.  Crown  8vo.  48  pages,  with  eight 
small  photographs.  Price  28.  €d.  (Work- 
sop: R.  White.) 

Steetleff  Church,  Derbyshire,  Phoiogrtp' 
phicaUg  illustrated,  with  Plans  and  Sec* 
tion9.  By  James  Contencin  and  Theophi- 
lus  Smith.  Eight  photog^phic  and  six 
lithographic  plates.  Imperial  4to.  Price 
IL  lis.  6d.    (Worksop:  E.  White.) 

Photographic  UlustraUons  of  tke  South 
Transept  Chapel,  commonly  called  tke 
Lady -chapel,  Worksop  Priory  CkureK 
Eight  photographic  and  six  lithographic 
plates.  Imperial  4to.,  1^.  lis.  6d.  In  tke 
Press, 

Photographie  lUustrationt  of  Moeke 
Abbey,  Yorkshire,  14  photographic  plates. 
Imperial  4to.  1^.  lls.6d.(  Worksop:  White). 
In  the  Press. 

Tub  above  are  the  first  examples  we 
have  seen  of  the  applicaMon  of  photo* 
graphy  to  the  illustration  of  topog^phi« 
cal  works  and  the  details  of  Gothic  archi- 
tecture. We  are  all  familiar  with  the  ad« 
mirable  photographs  issued  by  the  Archi- 
tectural Photog^phic  Society,  and  we 
know  how  invaluable  they  are  to  the 
antiquary,  the  architect,  and  the  student. 
But  these  have  been  very  much  confined 
to  general  views  or  striking  features^  and 
the  Society  has  not  attempted  to  work 
out  the  details  of  any  one  building  in 
photography.  This  is  the  task  undertaken 
by  Mr.  Theophilus  Smith,  and  very  credit- 
ably executed,  so  far  as  he  has  gone.  The 
only  works  yet  completed  are  the  "Hand- 
book" and  "Stoetley  Church,"  and  it  it 


.I860.]  Photographic  Handbook  of  Worksop,  ifc. 


809 


because  we  consider  the  work  as  well  de- 
serving of  encouragement  that  we  call  the 
attention  of  our  readers  to  it.    The  photo> 
graphs  of  Roche  Abbey  and  of  the  Lady- 
chapel  of  Worksop  have  also  been  kindly 
forwarded  to  us,  but  are  stated  to  be  not 
yet  ready  for  publication.     The  "Hand- 
book" we  can  conUally  recommend,  not 
only  to  the  numerous  visitors  to  Worksop 
and  "  the  Dukeries,"  but  to  all  lovers  of 
medieval  architecture,   for  Worksop  and 
its  neighbourhood  happen  to  be  particu- 
larly rich  in    interesting  remains.    The 
Pnory  Church  is  a  remarkably  fine  ex- 
ample of  late  Norman  work,  and  the  pho- 
tographs of  the  exterior  and  the  west  door 
are  as  good  as  we  could  desire.    The  ruins 
of  the  Early  English  side  chapel,  called 
the  Lady- chapel,  are  also  admirably  well 
shewn ;  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  the 
front  of  the  Priory  gatehouse,  a  fine  ex- 
ample of  the  Decorated  style.     It  may  ap- 
pear unreasonable,  but  in  all  these  cases 
we  should  have  been  glad  to  have  seen  in- 
teriors also,  especially  the  wooden  ceiling 
of  the  fourteenth  century  under  the  gate- 
house;   perhaps    this  would  require  the 
profiles  of  the  Decorated  mouldings  to  be 
drawn  separately,  in  order  to  make  it 
clearly  understood,  but  it  was  certainly 
wortliy  of  more  notice  than  to  be  merely 
mentioned  as  **  an  interesting  specimen  of 
carpenters*  work  of  a  by -gone  period,"  al- 
though this  is  perfectly  true  as  far  as  it 
goes.    The  Norman  doorway  of  Steetley 
Chapel  was  perhaps  as  much  as  is  necessary, 
and  the  general  view  of  the  very  curious 
Jacobean  imitation  of  a  Normnn  keep  at 
Bolsover  was    perhaps  as    much  as   we 
could  expect,  though  we  should  have  been, 
glad  to  see  more;  and  the  account  of 
these    very   interesting  and  mag^ficent 
ruins  of  the  ducal  palace  of  the  time  of 
James  I.  and  Charles  I.  is  very  meagre 
and  incorrect ;  the  author  appears  to  con- 
sider the  present  keep,  which  is  a  very 
curious  example  of  the  copy  of  a  Norman 
keep  by  order  of  "  Bess  of  Hardwick  **  in 
the  time  of  James  I.,  as  the  original  Nor- 
man keep  of  the  time  of  William  the  Con- 
queror, and  the  ruins  as  a  rebuilding  after 
the  restoration  of  Charles  IL;   which  is 
also  a  mistake.    The  Saxon  doorway  of 


Laughton-en-le-Morthen  is  all  that  we 
could  wish  for,  and  the  specimen  of  Roche 
Abbey  is  excellent.  We  have  indeed  here 
much  more  than  we  could  expect  in  a  local 
guide-book. 

As  to  the  larger  works,  they  are  worthy 
of  all  praise :  nothing  can  be  more  complete 
and  satisfactory  than  the  series  of  illustra- 
tions of  Steetley  Church,  or  rather  Chapel ; 
the  plan  and  sections  given  in  lithography 
supply  all  that  was  wanting  in  the  pho« 
tographs. 

The  only  possible  doubt  is  whether  the 
subject  is  of  sufficient  importance  to  be 
worth  the  labour  bestowed  upon  it  and 
whether  a  sufficient  number  of  purchasers 
can  be  found  for  such  a  work;  whether 
many  persons  will  be  willing  to  g^ve  a 
guinea  and  a-half  for  a  set  of  illustrations 
of  a  small  Norman  chapel  not  more  re- 
markable than  scores  of  others,  excepting 
that  it  happens  to  have  lost  its  roof,  and 
to  have  been  made  more  picturesque  by 
the  quantity  of  ivy  which  covers  it.  Pro- 
bably the  engraving  of  it  in  Lysons  and 
the  numerous  woodcuts  of  it  will  be 
thought  sufficient  for  the  purpose  by  the 
public  in  general.  If  any  one  has  occa- 
sion to  reproduce  Steetley  Chapel  in  Aus- 
tralia, or  the  backwoods  of  Canada,  we 
commend  this  work  to  his  attention  as 
supplying  all  that  he  requires ;  but  we  fear 
that  the  number  of  such  persons  is  not 
very  large,  and  the  public  are  apt  to  com- 
pare the  cost  of  such  works  with  others  to 
which  they  are  accustomed ;  for  instance, 
in  Parker's  "  Glossary"  they  get  about  fifty 
of  Jewitt's  beautiful  woodcuts  for  a  shil- 
ling, whereas  these  photographs  cost  more 
than  a  shilling  each.  This  is  not  a  fair 
comparison  certainly;  these  photog^phs 
should  rather  be  looked  upon  as  original 
drawings,  as  accurate  and  perfect  as  po8« 
sible,  but  the  public  are  apt  not  to  con* 
nder  such  points,  and  to  say, '  We  do  not 
want  a  set  of  original  drawings  of  every  old 
church  in  England ;  there  would  be  no  end 
to  it.'  These  remarks  apply  still  more 
forcibly  to  the  beautiful  ruins  of  the  Early 
English  chapel ;  the  same  number  of  pic- 
tures or  plates  would  have  sufficiently 
illustrated  the  whole  church  inside  as  well 
as  outside,  and  plates  of  half  the  size  would 


810 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[Sept 


answer  every  purpose  quite  as  well :  a  good 
magnifying  glass  will  supply  all  the  details 
in  a  photograph  if  required.  We  should 
be  glad  to  see  a  medium  between  the 
small  and  very  pretty  pictures  in  the 
Guide-book  and  the  imperial  quarto  plates 
of  details.  The  same  objection  does  not 
apply  to  Roche  Abbey.  There  is  a  field 
worthy  of  Mr.  Smith's  skill  and  taste»  and 
we  trust  be  will  do  justice  to  it.  We 
would  suggest  to  him  to  follow  it  up  with 
other  Yorkshire  abbeys,  and  to  try  the 
octavo  size  in  preference  to  the  large 
quarto.  A  series  of  photographs  of  Bol- 
sover  Castle,  keep  and  ruins,  would  also 
be  something  new,  and  the  works  of  Inigo 
Jones  are  not  to  be  despised.  A  few  of 
the  Jacobean  fireplaces  in  the  keep,  with 
their  hoods  in  imitation  of  Norman,  wouM 
be  likely  to  prove  attractive  from  thdr 
very  novelty.  The  church  of  Bolsover 
with  its  early  broach  spire  is  also  worthy 
of  more  notice  than  the  very  summary 
way  in  which  it  is  dismissed  in  the  Guide. 
If  Mr.  Smith  will  be  a  little  less  ambi- 
tious, and  g^ve  us  a  series  of  photographs 
of  the  numerous  old  buildings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Worksop  of  a  moderate 
size  and  cost  in  proportion,  he  will  render 
good  service  to  the  cause  of  archsBology, 
in  which  he  evidently  feels  a  real  interest. 


Brazil:  its  History,  People,  Natural 
Productions,  ifc,  (Religious  Tract  So- 
ciety.)—This  is  a  very  well  put  together 
little  volume,  relating  to  a  country  that 
seems  to  have  a  noble  course  before  it. 
Except  in  one  grand  particular,  in  which 
we  conceive  the  matter  is  overstated,  we 
SCO  Brazil  represented  as  with  all,  or  more 
than  all,  of  the  advantages  of  the  United 
States,  and  very  few  of  their  drawbacks. 
Its  soil  and  climate,  and  natural  produc- 
tions leave  nothing  to  be  desired;  it  has 
an  established  constitutional  monarchy, 
and  a  clever,  enterprising,  kind-hearted 
people.  Its  two  great  drawbacks  are  the 
asserted  general  indifierence  to  religion, 
and  the  existence  of  slavery.  The  state- 
ments as  to  the  former  come  mainly  from 
American  Protestant  missionaries,  and 
must,  therefore,  be  taken  cum  grano  salis, 
and  the  latter  is,  even  on  American  shew- 


ing, a  very  modified  form  of  the  "domestie 
institution."  The  following  passage  will 
be  found  interesting : — 

"  The  slaves  in  Brazil  are  generally  of  a 
superior  class  to  those  in  North  America. 
There  is  one  rather  celebrated  race,  the 
cofiee-carriers  of  Rio.  They  usually  work 
in  gangs  of  from  ten  to  twenty :  they  are 
generally  the  most  powerful  men  that  can 
be  found:  indeed  the  labour  soon  wears 
them  out,  and  would  speedily  destroy  men 
of  feebler  frames.  Great  part  of  the  por- 
terage of  Rio  is  performed  by  them.  Under 
their  captain,  the  largest  and  strongest 
man  among  them,  a  troop  will  hoist,  each 
of  them,  a  bag  of  coffee  weighing  160 
poimds  on  his  head,  and,  unincumbered 
by  any  clothing  other  than  a  pair  of  short 
trowsers,  start  off  at  a  trot  that  soon  be« 
comes  a  rapid  run.  One  hand  steadies  the 
load,  and  the  other  carries  and  shakes  a 
sort  of  child's  rattle.  In  this  manner, 
shouting  some  nasal  ditty  in  an  unknown 
tongue,  they  plunge  round  the  eorners 
and  up  the  sta'eets,  to  the  astomshmeni 
and  sometimes  discomposure  of  the  stiuo- 
ger,  who  is  naturally  startled  at  being 
charged  by  a  dozen  half-naked  black  giants, 
roaring  at  the  top  of  their  voices.  Any 
one  who  will  try  to  steady  a  half-hun- 
dred weight  on  his  head  for  one  minote^ 
may  judge  what  labour  these  negroes  go 
through,  in  carrying  all  day  long  nearly 
three  times  the  weight  at  a  sharp  ran. 

"The  noise  they  made  was  so  great, 
that  a  few  years  ago  an  attempt  was  made 
to  stop  them.  They  were  forbidden  to 
sing.  The  immediate  result  was  tiiat 
they  did  no  work  —  hot  in  the  way  of 
strike,  but  of  positive  depression,  and  in- 
ability to  go  on  without  the  old  chant; 
just  as  the  dray-horse  will  stop  if  the 
bells  are  taken  off  his  collar,  or  a  file  of 
camels  lie  down,  and  be  beaten  to  death 
rather  than  rise,  if  the  jingling  iron  pot 
is  taken  off  the  leader's  neck.  The  pro- 
'hibition  was  perforce  repealed,  and  the 
work  and  the  noise  beg^  agaiOf  nnd  go 
on  to  this  day. 

"The  coffee-carriers  and  most  of  the 
half-independent  open-air  slaves  in  Brasil 
— those  who  pay  a  sort  of  '  obrok'  (as  a 
Russian  serf  would  call  it)  to  their  masters 
in  lieu  of  their  personal  service— are  of 
the  Mina  tribe,  from  the  coast  of  Benin. 
They  are  a  sing^ularly  powerful  and  inde- 
pendent race.  The  coffee-carriers  have  a 
system  of  subscribing  to  buy  the  freedom 
of  their  best  man.  Mr.  Fletcher  tells  of 
a  huge  black  porter  in  Rio,  who  was  called 
'  the  prince^'  being  of  royal  race  in  his 
own  land.     His  subjects  in  Rio  bought 


I860.] 


Brazil :  its  History,  People,  ^c. 


311 


freedom  once,  and  he  returned  to  Africa. 
Unmindful  of  his  past  experience,  he  en- 
gaged in  war,  waa  again  captured,  and 
again  sold  and  shipped  to  Rio,  where  he 
is  now,  a  porter  as  before,  and  in  no  way 
depressed  by  the  remembrance  of  his  twice- 
lost  throne.  This  man  carried  a  case  be- 
longing to  a  friend  of  Mr.  Fletcher's  two 
miles  and  a  half  on  his  head.  In  Phila- 
delphia, he  says,  four  American  negroes 
had  been  unable  to  manage  it,  until  half 
emptied. 

"  Mr.  Fletcher  thinks  that  the  whole  of 
the  Brazilian  negroes  are  of  a  superior 
race  to  the  Americans.  The  Minas,  par- 
ticularly, are  almost  useless  as  house-ser- 
vants, and  will  not,  or  cannot,  live  exoept 
in  the  open  air.  They  are  all  Mohamme- 
dans,  and  speak  a  language  unknown  to 
the  Brazilians,  or  even  the  other  negroes. 
They  are  also  far  more  turbulent  and  im- 
patient than  the  common  negro.  In  1858, 
the  disturbances  in  Bahia  were  partly 
caused,  and  rendered  tenfold  more  sangui- 
nary, by  the  Mohammedan  Minas,  who 
abound  in  that  city.  They  buy  their  free- 
dom in  great  numbers  occasionally.  In 
1851,  sixty  of  them  purchased  themselves 
of  their  masters,  and  then  sailed  in  a  body 
for  Benin,  paying  down  4000  dollars  pas- 
sage money." — (pp.  166 — 167.) 

The  following  is  a  curious  passage  to 
find  in  a  book  issued  by  a  Tract  Society ; 
the  authority  is  an  American  viutor  to 
Brazil: 

"The  great  employment  of  nearly  all 
classes  is  music  The  richer  classes  are 
all  excellent  performers  on  the  harp  and 
piano,  while  the  guitar  and  its  negro 
counterpart  the  marimbas,  more  popu- 
larly known  as  the  banjo,  are  the  universal 
companions  of  the  poor,  or  rather  poorer, 
for  there  are  hardly  any  paupers  in  this 
happy  land.  Over  the  length  and  breadth 
of  the  country  are  spread  those  ulnquitous 
ditties  known  among  us  as  'neg^o  melo- 
dies.' They  really  must  appeal  to  some 
sympathetic  feeling  of  our  fallen  nature. 
The  corruption  of  some  Italian  lay,  com- 
posed by  a  negro  on  a  South  Carolina 
estate  from  hearing  his  mistress  trying 
over  the  original,  wanders  to  New  Or- 


leans, then  to   New  York  and  Boston : 
thence  it  finds  its  way  to  England,  is  sung 
in  chorus  by  our  black-faced  street  bands, 
set  upon  barrel  organs,  whistled  by  our 
street«boys,  and  sold  by  thousands  in  our 
music  shops :  next  it  traverses  the  whole 
Continent,  sometimes  in  native  simplicity, 
and  sometimes  in  the  guise  of  unsp^ably 
ludicrous  translations.      In  the  furthest 
colonies,  among  the  sheep-farms  and  gold- 
beds  of  Australia,  in  the  warehouses  of 
Chinese  merchants,  under  the  shadow  of 
ruined  Mohammedan  mosques  and  Hindoo 
temples,  in  the  forts  of  fur-hunters  north 
of  the  Great  Lakes,  in  the  cuttings  of  the 
Panama  railway,  and  in  the  sunny  streets 
and  squares  of  Brazilian  towns  and  vil- 
lages, the  sorrows  and  joys  of  Rosa,  My 
Mary  Anne,  Buffalo  Girls,  and  Uncle  Ned 
are  whistled,  sxmg,  and  shouted  with  un- 
impaired interest,  in  every  tone  and  every 
dialect.    In  Brazil  they  are  as  popular 
as  in  the  Minories.    'Rosa  d'  Alabama,' 
and  <  Senhoritas  de  Bufi^o,'  in  the  polite 
and  sonorous  Portuguese  tongue,  are  made, 
regardless  of  prosody  or  metre,  to  fit  the 
old  accustomed  melodies.    Mr.  Fletcher 
expatiates  with  pardonable  pride  on  this 
universal  popularity  of  his  nation's  most 
national  product.    At  one  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  from  the  top  of  a  Charing  Cross 
omnibus,  he  heard  'Susannah  don't  yon 
cry'  from  the  lusty  throats  of  a  dozen 
young  Britons;  passing  over  the  Gloria 
Hill  behind  Rio  de  Janeiro,  the  same  wel- 
come notes  greeted  his  ear  from  a  Brazilian 
cottage;  and  sitting  at  midnight  among 
the  ruins  of  Terracina,  the  ancient  Auxar 
[Anxur  ?],  meditating  on  the  past  glories 
of  the  Etruscan  and  Roman  empires,  and 
on  the  great  apostle  who  1800  years  be- 
fore   had    lodged   at    the    neighbouring 
'  Three  Taverns,'  the  sorrowful  and  affect- 
ing legend  of  '  Uncle  Ned,'  who  '  had  no 
wool  on  the  top  of  his  head,'  awoke  the 
stillness  of  the  night  with  bsrely  appro- 
priate patho6."~(pp.  210,  211.) 

We  may  remark  that  the  book  haa 
several  neat  wood  eng^vings,  and  a  good 
coloured  map  of  Etenzil,  together  with 
plans  of  the  cities  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and 
Fcrnambuco. 


812 


[Sept. 


BIRTHS. 


May  3.  Mrs.  Jas.  Ony  Thonuon,  Bonbnrj, 
Western  Australia,  a  son. 

May  25.  At  the  residence  of  her  father,  the 
Bight  Hon.  James  Wilson,  Calcutta,  the  wife  of 
William  Sterling  Halsey,  esq.,  B.C.S.,  a  dau. 

Juneli,  At  Calcutta,  the  wife  of  J.  B.  B. 
Elliott,  esq.,  late  Captain  iSrd  light  Infantry, 
a  son. 

June  SO.  The  wife  of  Anthony  Lefroy,  esq., 
Goderich,  Canada  West,  a  son. 

July  1.  At  his  mother's  house,  Tork-terrace, 
Leamington,  the  wife  of  Edward  Westby  Nunn, 
esq.,  of  Hill  Castle,  co.  Wexford,  and  Wilbary- 
park,  Wilts,  a  dau. 

July  5.  At  Edinburgh,  Lady  Frances  Tre- 
mayne,  a  dau. 

July  9.  At  Horfield  Rectory,  near  Bristol,  the 
wife  of  Edward  O.  Richards,  esq.,  of  Langford- 
house,  Somerset,  a  dau. 

At  Leamington,  the  Hon.  Krs.  St.  John  Me- 
ihuen,  a  dau. 

July  12.  At  Hitcham  Rectory,  the  wife  of 
Hi^oi^  Barnard,  a  dau. 

July  15.  The  Hon.  Mrs.  F.  Webb,  Donning- 
ton-hall,  Herefordshire,  a  son,  which  suryiyed 
but  a  short  time. 

July  16.  At  the  Lawn,  Warwick,  the  wife  of 
George  H.  Nelson,  esq.,  a  son. 

July  17.  At  the  Parsonage,  Oswaldtwistle,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  B.  Haslewood,  a  son  and  dau. 

July  18.  Lady  Cuningham  Fairlie,  Kelso,  N.B., 
a  son. 

The  wife  of  Lieut-CoL  Cooper,  Grenadier 
Guards,  Hertford-st.,  Mayfair,  a  son. 

At  Brasted,  Sevenoaks,  the  Lady  Affleck,  a  son. 

At  the  Rectory,  Heddington,  Wilts,  the  wife 
of  the  Rey.  F.  Houssemayne  Du  Boulay,  a  dau. 

July  19.  At  Alyerstoke,  near  Goeport,  the  wife 
of  Mi^or  Cookson,  Durham  Militia  Artillery,  a 
son. 

July  20.  At  East  Cowes-park,  Isle  of  Wight, 
the  wife  of  H.  C.  Ross  Johnson,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Hardenhuish,  Wilts,  the  wife  of  E.  L.  Out- 
terbuck,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  22.  At  Cleyedon,  Somersetshire,  the  wife 
of  W.  J.  M.  Pocock,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Famham,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Henry  Rob- 
aon,  esq.,  Capt.  12th  Regt,  a  son. 

July2Z,  At  Bridport,  Dorsetshire,  Mrs.  Geo. 
B.  Ewens,  a  son. 

At  Bedford-house,  Sidmouth,  Deyon,  the  wife 
of  H.  Somhoe,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  24.  At  Laurel-lodge,  The  Waldrons,  Croy« 
don,  Mrs.  Henry  Layer,  a  son. 

The  wife  of  the  Rey.  H.  M.  Sims,  Rector  of 
Hinderwell,  Yorkshire,  a  son. 

At  Scarbro*,  the  wife  of  the  Rey.  Charles  N. 
Paulet,  Incumbent  of  Kirk  Hammerton,  a  son. 

At  Ardmore,  the  wife  of  Thos.  FitsGerald,  esq., 
of  Ballinaparka,  High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of 
Waterford,  a  soia. 

11 


July  25.  At  Burley,  near  Leeds,  the  Hon* 
Mrs.  W.  B.  Denison,  a  dau. 

July  26.  At  Chapel-st.,  Grosyenor-aq.,  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Seymour  Dawson  Damer,  a  dau. 

At  Sandrock,  near  Famham,  the  wife  of  Mi^or 
George  Waldegraye  Bligh,  late  60th  Royal  Rifles, 
a  dau. 

At  Spenithome-hall,  Bedale,  the  wife  of  Regi- 
nald Henry  Sykes,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Whitburn,  the  wife  of  Thoe.  B.  Harrison, 
esq.,  a  dau. 

July  27.  At  Toronto,  Canada,  the  wife  of 
Alfred  Wyndham,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  New  Bams,  West  Mailing,  Kent,  the  wife 
of  John  Gordon,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  the  residence  of  her  father.  Quarry-house, 
Shrewsbury,  the  wife  of  R.  Banner  Oakeley,  esq.^ 
a  son. 

July  28.  In  the  Turl,  Oxford,  the  wife  of 
Mr.  James  Parker,  a  son. 

At  Aller  Rectory,  Somerset,  the  wife  of  the 
Rey.  J.  Y.  Nicholson,  a  son. 

At  Bedford-park,  Croydon,  Surrey,  the  wiib  of 
James  Skinner,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  29.  At  WUlow-cresoent,  Mrs.  Baillie 
Cochrane,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Spring-cottage,  Great  Grimsby,  (late  of 
Grainsby  Manor-house,)  the  wife  of  Thoa.  Sands, 
esq.,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Forton-house,  near  Chard,  the  wife  of 
Samuel  Forward,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Road,  Mrs.  Sayill  Kent,  a  son,  prematurely. 

July  80.  At  Parkhurst-barraoks,  Isle  of  ^Hght, 
the  wife  of  Mi^or  Frederick  Biscoe  Tritton,  5th 
Depot  Battalion,  a  son. 

At  Athennum-terrace,  Plymouth,  the  wifSe  of 
Capt.  Widdicombe,  Tth  Regt.  Bombay  Natiye 
Infantry,  a  dau. 

At  Lariggan,  near  Penzance,  the  wife  of  Wal- 
ter Borlase,  esq.,  a  dau. 

July  31.  At  Elemore-hall,  the  wife  of  Henry 
John  Baker  Baker,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  1.  At  Montague-pl.,  Worthing;  the  wilb 
of  Charles  Bridger,  esq..  Royal  Sussex  Light  In- 
fantry, a  dau. 

At  Sion-cottage,  Carisbrook,  Isle  of  Wight,  the 
wife  of  the  Rey.  Henry  Brooks,  a  son. 

At  the  Groye,  Isle  of  Portland,  the  wife  of 
WUliam  Edward  Buller,  esq.,  late  of  the  14th 
(King's)  Light  Dragoons,  a  dau. 

At  Hoo  Mcayy,  near  Tayistock,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  George  Parker,  R.N.,  a  son. 

At  Acomb-hall,  near  York,  Mrs.  Robert  Swann, 
a  dau. 

At  Kimbeiley,  Falmouth,  the  wife  of  Walter 
Elliott  Browne,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Malaga,  the  wife  of  the  Rey.  Matthew  Pow- 
ley.  Chaplain  of  the  British  Episcopal  Chnreh, 
a  son. 

Aug.  S.  At  High  '^^^ekham,  HastiagB,  the  wifie 
of  Charles  North  Wlntour,  etq.,*a  da«« 


I860.] 


Births. 


313 


At  Corsham,  Wilts,  the  wife  of  Martin  Folkes 
Bush,  esq.,  surgeon,  a  dan. 

At  Westbourne-creseent,  Hyde-park,  the  wife 
of  George  Salmon,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  3.  In  Invemess-ter.,  Kensington-gar- 
dens, the  wife  of  George  £.  Adams,  esq.,  bar- 
rister-at-law,  a  son. 

At  Rutland-gate,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Lonis  Hope, 
adau. 

At  Amcliife-hall,  Northallerton,  the  wife  of 
Douglas  Brown,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  a  dan. 

Aug.  4.  At  Winton-villa,  Leamington,  the 
wife  of  Col.  "W.  H.  Vicars,  a  son. 

Aug,  5.  In  Berkeley-sq.,  the  wife  of  George 
Petro,  esq.,  Secretary  to  H.M.'s  Legation  at  Han- 
over, a  son. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Hounslow,  'the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  East,  a  son. 

At  Brightwell  Rectory,  Wallingford,  Berks, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  N.  Milford,  a  dan. 

At  UuUand-hall,  Derbyshire,  the  wife  of  John 
K.  Fitzherbert,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  St.  Paul's-sq.,  York,  the  wife  of  Richard 
Perkins,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  the  Lodge,  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cam- 
bridge, the  wife  of  the  Rev.  James  Pulling,  D.D., 
a  son. 

At  the  Cathedral-close,  Lichfield,  the  wife  of 
Chas.  Grcsley,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Stone,  near  Berkeley,  Gloucestershire,  the 
wife  of  Capt.  J.  M.  Cripps,  ILM.'s  Bengal  Army, 
a  dau. 

At  Kensington,  the  wife  of  J.  Colboome,  esq., 
a  son. 

At  Tower- villa,  Weston-super-Mare,  the  wife 
of  Col.  H.  Shuckburgh,  a  son. 

Aug.  6.  At  Talacre,  Flintshire,  the  Hon.  Lady 
Mostyn,  a  son. 

At  Lcyboume  Rectory,  Kent,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  II.  Charles  Hawley,  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  F.  Perkins,  esq..  Mayor  of  South- 
ampton, a  dau. 

At  Naish-house,  Somersetshire,  the  wife  of 
Cnpt.  Pilgrrim,  a  dau. 

At  Radcliffe-on-Trent,  the  wife  of  J.  B.  Taylor, 
esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  7.  At  East  wick-park,  Surrey,  the  wife  of 
Hedworth  D.  Barclay,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  the  Green,  Bridlington,  Mrs.  M.  Richard- 
son, a  son. 

At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Chas.  Wyndham 
Lamotte,  a  dau. 

At  Morley-hall,  Barrow,  Mrs.  J.  Grice,  a  son. 

Aug.  8.  At  Windsor,  the  Hon.  Mrs,  Henry 
Campbell,  a  dau. 

At  More-pl.,  Bctchworth,  the  widow  of  the 
Rev.  W.  Wilson,  late  Vicar  of  Banbury,  Ozon, 
a  dau. 

At  Claughton,  Cheshire,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Brougham, 
a  dau. 

At  Heathficld-park,  co.  Donegal,  the  wife  of 
G.  £.  L.  Bissett,  esq.,  late  Capt.  19th  Rcgt.,  a  dau. 


Aug.  9.  At  Mariston,  Plymouth,  the  Hon.  Lady 
Lopes,  a  dau. 

Aug.  10.  At  Lower  Baggot-st.,  Dublin,  the 
wife  of  Lieut. -Col.  Hawley,  60th  Rifles,  a  son. 

At  Nottingham,  the  wife  of  B.  F.  Popham, 
esq.,  M.D.,  a  son. 

Aug.  II.  At  Cottisford-rectory,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  C.  S.  Harrison,  a  son. 

At  the  Ness,  Shaldon,  Devon,  the  Lady  Cliffbrd, 
adau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Charlton  Musgrore,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  C.  M.  Leir,  a  son. 

At  Southsea,  Hants,  the  wife  of  Col.  Pierrepont 
Munday,  Royal  Artillery,  a  son. 

At  Ribston-hall,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of  John 
Dent  Dent,  esq.,  M.P.,  a  son. 

At  Pleasley-vale,  Derbyshire,  the  wife  of  Wm. 
Hollins,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Spring-hill,  Bromley,  Kent,  the  wife  of 
Clement  Satterthwaite,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  12.  At  Shugborough,  the  Countess  of 
Lichfield,  a  dau. 

At  Firby-hall,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of  Robt  H. 
Bower,  esq.,  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Forest-hill,  Kent,  the  wife  of  Julias  Cnsar, 
esq.,  a  son. 

At  Dundee,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Sherlock,  74th 
Highlanders,  a  son. 

Aug.  13.  At  Crow-hill,  Nottinghamshire,  the 
wife  of  Capt.  Buckle,  H.M.'s  40th  Regt.,  a  son. 

At  Langley-villa,  Clifton-hill,  Brighton,  the 
wife  of  Lieut. -Col.  F.  A.  Oose,  a  son. 

At  St.  Austell,  the  wife  of  W.  T.  Plowman, 
esq.,  M.D.,  a  son. 

Aug.  14.  In  Lowndes-sq.,  the  wife  of  Henry 
Calloy,  esq.,  of  Burderop-park,  Wilts,  a  son. 

At  Banstead,  the  wife  of  Capt.  L.  Flower,  3rd 
Royal  Regt.  Surrey  Militia,  a  dau. 

Aug.  15.  At  the  Palace,  Salisbury,  the  wife 
of  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  a  dau. 

In  the  Minster-yard,  Lincoln,  Mrs.  R.  Trotter, 
adau. 

At  Belmont-hill,  Lee,  Kent,  the  wife  of  John 
Paterson,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Sandgatc,  the  wife  of  the  Rer.  H.  C.  Heil- 
bronn,  a  son. 

At  Steyne-house,  Bognor,  Sussex,  the  wife  of 
Alfred  Stevens  Erwin,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  16.  At  Kingston,  Notts,  Lady  Belper, 
adau. 

At  Springwells,  Steyning,  the  wife  of  G.  Gates, 
Jun.,  esq.,  a  dau. 

In  Brunswick-sq..  Brighton,  the  wife  of  C,  G. 
Mansel,  esq.,  a  dau. 

AtCamdcn-park,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Mrs.  Fred, 
Parker,  a  son. 

Aug.  17.  At  Haes-house,  near  Petworth,  Sus- 
sex, the  wife  of  Richard  Goatcher,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Swainston,  Isle  of  Wight,  Lady  Simeon, 
a  dau. 

Aug.  20.  At  Sion  College-gardens,  the  wifo 
of  the  Rev.  Lewis  Borrett  White,  a  son. 


Qent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


pp 


814 


[Sept. 


MARRIAGES. 


Junt  12.  At  Capetown,  Nicholas  Loftos  Gray, 
esq.,  L.R.G.S.I.,  13th  Light  Infantry,  third  son 
of  N.  Gray,  esq., '  Tenessy-park,  Kilkenny,  to 
Mary  Ethol,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  John 
ICant,  esq.,  of  Bath,  and  Shrub-hill-house,  Box, 
Wilts. 

July  3.  At  Avening,  Gloucestershire,  the  Bev. 
Christopher  Cookson,  B.D.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
St.  John's  Coll.,  Oxford,  to  Harriet  Charlotte, 
dau.  of  Robert  Onebye  Walker,  esq.,  of  Avening- 
court. 

At  Clifford  Chambers,  Gloucestershire,  Edward 
Henry,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Watts,  Vicar 
of  Bicester,  to  Frances  Elizabeth,  only  child  of 
the  late  Rev.  Arthur  Mogg. 

July  5.  At  Hawick,  the  Rev.  Dixon  Brown, 
of  Unthank-hall,  Northumberland,  to  Georgi- 
ana  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Col.  Fcrrars  Loftus,  and 
grand-dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  and  Lady  Elizabeth 
Loftus. 

At  the  Abbey  Church,  Great  Malvern,  the  Rev. 
ConoUy  McCausland,  M.A.,  Curate  of  Wrockwar- 
dine,  Shropshire,  to  Philadelphia  Mary,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  G.  Blackden,  Rector  of 
Thorpe,  Derbyshire. 

At  St.  Thomas's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
Broadway,  New  York,  Abel,  youngest  son  of 
George  Easton,  esq.,  of  Strathfiuldtiaye,  Hants, 
to  Louisa,  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  William  Thorn,  of 
Tumbam-green,  Middlesex. 

July  10.  At.  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  Col.  Leith 
Hay,  C.B.,  93rd  Highlanders,  to  Christina  Grace 
Agnes,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  C.  Hamilton, 
esq.,  of  Craiglaw,  Wigtonshire. 

At  Sotterley,  Mr.  L.  D.  Cundall,  to  Elizabeth, 
Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  S.  S.  Warmoll, 
Rector  of  Sotterley. 

July  11.  At  Edgbaston,  William  Henry  Max- 
well, son  of  William  Slews,  esq.,  of  Spring-hill- 
house,  Birmingham,  to  Frances,  second  dau.  of 
J.  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Wellington-road,  Edgbaston. 

At  Camberwell,  the  Rev.  G.  Gyles,  B.A., 
Christ's  Coll.,  Cambridge,  to  Maria,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  C.  Bromley,  esq..  Stone,  Stafford- 
shire. 

At  Trowbridge,  Wilts,  Mr.  Walter  Newth,  to 
Anna  Maria,  third  dau.  of  Thomas  Gerrish,  esq., 
of  Trowbridge. 

At  Cowbridge,  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Gwyn,  to  Laura 
Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  J.  Thomas,  esq.,  of  Caer- 
cady. 

July  12.  At  Leamington  Priors,  Edward, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Robert  Waller 
Otway,  hart.,  G.C.B.,  and  late  Capt.  Scots  Fusi- 
lier Guards,  to  Adelaide,  dau.  of  Robert  Hassal 
Straffield,  esq.,  of  West  Down-lodge,  Dorset- 
shire. 

At  St.  James's,  Paddlngton,  William  Orlando, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  William  Stoton,  esq.,  for- 
merly of  Wimbledon,  Surrey,  to  Elizabeth  Anne, 


eldest  dau.  of  Alf.  W.  F.  Jeston,  esq.,  of  Malme»< 
bury,  Wilts. 

At  Steeple  Bumpstead,  near  Haverhill,  Essex, 
Capt.  E.  O'Callaghan,  16th  Regt,  to  Frances 
Isabella,  widow  of  Capt.  N.  B.  Walton,  17th 
Regt. 

At  Theydon  Gernon,  W.  B.  Persse,  esq.,  Adja- 
tant  Royal  Wiltshire  Militia,  only  son  of  the 
late  CoL  Persse,  C.B.,  to  Anne  Jane,  third  daa. 
of  John  C.  Whiteman,  esq.,  of  Theydon-grove, 
Essex. 

At  Walcot,  Edmund  Rogers  Shaw,  Mq.,  of 
Springflcld-pl.,  Lansdown-rd.,  Bath,  to  Rosetta 
Adele,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Benjamin 
Mairet,  of  Neufcbatel,  Switzerland. 

July  13.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Sir 
Brydges  Henniker,  of  Newton-hall,  Essex,  to 
Louisa,  third  dau.  of  Mr.  Hughan,  of  Airds,  N.B., 
and  the  late  Lady  Louisa  Hughan. 

At  Clapham,  Surrey,  William  Dew6  Piers, 
esq.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Octavius  Piers,  Vicar  of 
Preston,  Dorset,  to  Harriott,  dau.  of  the  lata 
John  Sowerby,  esq.,  of  Hackney,  Middlesex,  and 
Terrington,  Yorkshire. 

Ju^y  17.  At  Littleham-cum-Exmonth,  Edgar 
Musgrave,  esq.,  only  surviving  soil  of  the  Rct. 
G.  Musgrave,  of  Sbillington-manor,  Bedfordshire, 
to  Henrietta  Maria,  youngrat  surviving  dau.  of 
John  Teschemaker,  esq.,  D.C.L.,  of  Exmoath, 
formerly  of  Amersford,  Demerara. 

At  Mortlake,  Surrey,  Frederick  Walter  Gan- 
dry,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  Bowden  Oundry,  esq.,  of 
Bridport,  to  Mary,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Ber.  P. 
Denniss. 

At  Anmer,  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Lucas,  Beotor  of 
Edith-Wcston,  Rutlandshire,  to  Lucy  Harriet, 
second  dau.  of  H.  W.  Coldham,  esq.,  of  Annxer- 
haU,  Norfolk. 

L.  Levison,  esq.,  Vice-consul  to  H.M.  the  King 
of  Denmark,  and  Consul  for  the  Republic  of 
Chili,  to  Harriette  Constantia,  second  dau.  of 
Edwd.  A.  Applewhaite,  esq.,  of  Rickenham-hall, 
Swafiham. 

At  Banbury,  the  Rev.  J.  D.  ^h,  M.A.,  to 
Henrietta  Barnes,  youngest  dau«  of  S.  Chester- 
man,  esq.,  of  that  town. 

July  18.  At  Hampstead,  Thomas  Geo.  Tebsy, 
M.D.,  of  Warwick-ter.,  Belgrave-rd.,  to  Charw 
lotte,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Waylen, 
esq.,  of  Devizes. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  Edward  Chapman, 
eldest  son  of  Clayton  Clayton,  esq.,  of  Bradford 
Abbas,  Dorset,  to  Charlotte  Diana,  daa.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Tyrwhltt  Drake,  esq.,  of  Shardeloes, 
Amersham. 

At  Hurstpierpoint,  Sussex,  Hector  Helsham,        « 
M.D.,  of  Yarmouth,  Ij»le  of  Wight,  to  Amelia,   ^s. 
fourth  dau.  of  John  Clark,  esq.,  R.N.,  of  Hurst-    !r* 
pierpoint,  lately  of  Yarmouth.  r.     ■• 

At  Long  Ashton,  Somenet,  Joseph  Oio^»' 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


315 


jun.,  esq.,  of  Bristol,  to  Maria,  elder  surviving 
dau.  of  W.  B.  Tibbits,  epq.,  of  Bower  Ashton, 
formerly  of  Braunston,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Pennington,  Hants,  Thomas  Farquhar,  esq., 
M.D.,  n.M.'s  Bengal  Army,  to  Charlotte,  dau. 
of  the  late  Capt.  A.  S.  Fisher,  H.M.'8  72nd  High- 
landers. 

July  19.  At  Knareshro*,  Capt.  Leslie,  of  the 
Boyal  Horse  Guards,  to  Emma  Louisa  Catherine, 
dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Slingshy,  esq.,  of  Loftus- 
hill,  and  sister  of  Sir  Charles  Slingsby,  bart.,  of 
Scriven-park,  Knareshro*. 

At  Westminster  Abbey,  John  Gilbert  Talbot, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Hon.  John  Chetwynd 
Talbot,  and  nephew  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury 
and  Talbot,  to  the  Hon.  Muriel  Sarah  Lyttelton, 
eldest  dau.  of  Lord  Lyttelton. 

At  Cheltenham,  James  A.  M.  Biggs,  Lieut. 
II.M.'s  Bengal  Army,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Major-Gen.  J.  A.  Biggs,  Bengal  Artillery,  to 
Augusta  Katherine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rer. 
James  T.  C.  Saunders,  of  Cheltenham. 

At  Bromsgrove,  Benjamin  Lawrence  Sanders, 
esq.,  of  Stoke-grange,  Worcestershire,  and 
Street-court,  Herefordshire,  to  Annie,  only  dau. 
of  F.  Watt,  esq.,  of  the  Forlands,  Bromsgrovc. 

At  Gormanston-castlc,  John  Arthur  Farrell, 
esq.,  of  Moynolty,  co.  Meath,  to  Lucretia,  second 
dau.  of  the  llight  Hon.  Viscount  GormansUMi. 

At  Chetton,  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Purton,  B.D.,  Pre- 
sident and  Tutor  of  St.  Catherine's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, to  Caroline  Hester,  only  dan.  of  T.  P. 
Purton,  esq.,  of  Faintree-hall,  near  Bridgrnorth. 

At  llathmolyon,  James  E.  Dashwood,  esq., 
son  of  Vicc-Adm.  Dashwood,  to  Annie  Mildred, 
dau.  of  Robert  Fowler,  esq.,  of  Rahinston-house, 
CO.  Mrath. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  Carteret  J.  H.  Fletcher, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  John  Fletcher,  esq.,  of  Bough- 
ton-hall,  to  Agnes  Wheler,  second  dan.  of  Rob. 
Smith,  esq.,  of  Richmond. 

At  Tettenhall,  near  Wolverhampton,  Richard 
Cliarles,  son  of  John  Braithwaite,  esq.,  C.E.,  to 
Lucy  Louisa,  dau.  of  John  WcUer,  esq. 

July  23.  At  St.  Martin's,  Leicester,  N.  Milne, 
esq.,  manager  of  the  National  Provincial  Bank 
in  that  town,  to  Maria  Vye,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  T.  Burbidge,  esq.,  solicitor,  of  the  same 
place. 

Jxtly  24.  At  Durham,  the  Rev.  T.  E.  Lord, 
Rector  of  Howdon,  to  Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  George  Bowness,  of  Chester-le- 
Strect. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  H.  Lyon,  esq., 
of  Appleton-hall,  Cheshire,  to  Yanda,  third  dau. 
of  Col.  Wilson  Patten,  M.P. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Henry,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Frederick  Langford  Tonge, 
Great  Torrington,  to  Annie  Mortimer  Denzil, 
only  dau.  of  William  Cole  Long,  esq.  Park-lane, 
Hyde-park. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanovcr-sq.,  Capt  Lenox 
Prcndergast,  Scots  Greys,  to  Marion,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Neill  Malcolm,  esq.,  of  Poltalloch. 

At  Perth,  Lieut.-Col.  James  Hunter,  H.M.'s 
Indian  Array,  to  Alexa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
lUsv.  John  Dodgson,  of  Comely-bauk,  Perth. 


At  Kirkleatham,  John  Macrobin,  esq.,  M.D., 
Professor  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Aber- 
deen, to  Eleanor  Isabella,  dau.  of  the  late  Mr. 
Christopher  Cattle,  of  Easing  wold. 

At  Seaton  Carew,  Durham,  William  Crawford, 
esq.,  of  Leeds,  barrister-at-law,  to  Caroline  Mar- 
garette,  oldest  dau.  of  William  Blanshard,  esq.. 
Recorder  of  Doncaster. 

As  St.  Mark's,  Albert-road,  Henry  Blathwajt 
Festing,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  Capt.  Posting,  K.H., 
R.N.,  of  Fern-cottage,  Exeter,  to  Mary  Eliza, 
eldest  dau.  of  R.  J.  S.  Todd,  esq.,  of  Gloucester- 
road,  Regrent's-park. 

At  Heavitree,  the  Rev.  W.  Kermode,  Incum- 
bent of  Ramsey,  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  to  Margaret, 
youngest  dan.  of  the  late  J.  R.  Pizey,  esq.,  of 
Buenos  Ayres. 

At  St.  James's,  Pieeadilly,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Braithwaite  Batty,  M.A.,  elder  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  Batty,  of  the  Grenadier  Guards,  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Sir  John  Barrow,  hart.,  to 
Beatrice,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Stebbing, 
D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's,  Upper  Thames-st. 

July  25.  At  St.  James's,  Dover,  WUliam  James 
Smith-Neill,  esq..  Royal  Artillery,  of  Bamweill 
and  Swindridge-Muir,  Ayrshire,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Brigadier-Oen.  Nelll,  C.B.,  U.E.I.C.8., 
to  Jessie  Gideon,  youngest  dau.  of  George  L, 
Wood,  esq. 

At  Leeds,  William  Frederick  Dixon,  esq.,  of 
Birley-house,  near  Sheffield,  only  son  of  W.  F, 
Dixon,  esq.,  J.P.,  of  Page-hall,  to  Frances  Mary, 
only  dau.  of  J.  W.  Leather,  esq.,  of  Newton- 
green,  near  Leeds. 

At  Sulhamstcad  Banister,  the  Rev.  John 
Browne,  B.A.,  late  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
to  Harriot  Caroline  Brutton,  second  dan.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Wells,  R.N. 

At  Croydon,  St.  George  Tucker,  esq.,  Bengal 
Civil  Service,  to  Frances  Margaret,  only  dau.  of 
Major-Gen.  Sir  Frederick  Abbott,  C.B.,  Lieut- 
Governor  of  the  Royal  Indian  Military  College, 
Addiscombe. 

At  Brighton,  Thomas  Aislabie,  only  son  of  A. 
Vigne,  esq.,  of  Pembridge-pl.,  Bayswater,  to 
Julia  Maria,  younger  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Geou 
Vigne,  Vicar  of  Tillingham,  Essex. 

At  Stepney,  John,  eldest  son  of  the  late  J. 
Sadd,  esq.,  of  Maldon,  Essex,  to  Mary  Ann, 
eldest  dau.  of  H.  Price,  esq. 

At  Southgate,  Richard  Dickinson,  esq.,  son  of 
John  D.  Dickinson,  esq.,  of  Purley-lodge,  near 
Croydon,  to  Amelia  Jane,  eldest  surviving  dan. 
of  J.  Thornton,  esq.,  of  Bearer-hall,  Southgate. 

At  Chester,  William  Gibson,  esq.,  of  Norton, 
to  Minnie,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  White, 
esq.,  of  Sutton-hall,  Cheshire. 

July  26.  At  Aghada,  co.  Cork,  the  Rev.  T.  P. 
Little,  Incumbent  of  Pauntley  and  Oxenhall, 
Gloucestershire,  to  Anne  Esther  Maria,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Joseph  Thack- 
well,  G.C.B.,  16th  Lancers,  late  Inspecting  Gene- 
ral of  Cavalry,  &c. 

At  Petersfield,  the  Rev.  Henry  John  Wickham, 
M.  A.,  Fellow  of  New  College,  and  Tutor  of  Win- 
chester, to  Mary  Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  Wil- 
liam Mitchell,  esq. 


816 


Marriages. 


[Sept. 


At  Tideswell,  Derbyihire,  J.  J.  Wallis,  esq.,  to 
Barah  Ann,  only  dan.  of  the  late  Bernard  Kaine, 
esq.,  of  Market  Bosworth. 

At  Woolwich,  Wm.  Boyer,  esq.,  of  Skeflingrton- 
yale,  to  Enuna  Matthews,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  John  Hopkins,  esq.,  of  the  Old  Kent  Road, 
and  sister  to  Col.  Hopkins,  C.B.,  Royal  Marines 
(Light  Infantry),  A.D.C.  to  her  Majesty. 

At  Rotherfield,  Geo.  B.  M'Nair,  esq.,  youngest 
■on  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gol.  M*Nair,  K.H.,  of 
Greenfield,  Lanarkshire,  to  Frances  Dorothy, 
third  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Dixon,  Yicar  of 
Garton,  Yorkshire. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  John  Honchen,  esq.,  of 
Thctford,  Norfolk,  to  Harriet,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  George  Jarris,  B.D.,  of  Buxton,  and  Yicar 
of  Tuttington,  Norfolk. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Archibald  Gunn, 
esq.,  of  Taunton,  Somerset,  to  Elizabeth,  only 
dau.  of  Henry  King,  esq.,  of  Albemarle-street, 
FiccadUly. 

At  St.  George's,  Llandudno,  Mr.  R.  Robinson, 
of  Drayton-lodge,  Leicestcrsh.,  to  Olivia  Emma, 
second  dau.  of  T.  Hollick,  esq.,  of  Nimeaton. 

At  Killingholme,  George  Gale,  esq.,  solicitor,  of 
Hull,  to  Amelia  Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Jas.  David  Glover,  M.A.,  formerly  Yicar  of 
East  Halton,  Lincolnshire. 

At  Chilbolton,  Hants,  Henry  Chas.  Lane,  esq., 
bf  Middleton,  Sussex,  late  of  the  2nd  Life  Guards, 
to  Catherine,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Anthony 
L.  Lambert,  Rector  of  Chilbolton. 

At  Kensington,  the  Rev.  R.  O.  T.  Thorpe,  M.  A., 
Fellow  of  Christ's  College,  Yicar  of  St.  Clement's, 
Cambridge,  to  Emilie  Munday,  of  Pembridge- 
house,  Westbourne-grove. 

At  Bruton,  Somerset,  Francis  Chas.  Hingeston, 
Rector  of  Ringmore,  Devon,  to  Martha  Jane,  only 
child  of  the  Rev.  Herbert  Randolph,  of  Tolbury- 
bouse,  Bruton. 

At  Wardle,  Lancashire,  Charles  Baker,  esq.,  of 
St.  Petersburgh-pl.,  Bayswater,  son  of  William 
Baker,  esq.,  of  Derby,  to  Frances,  dau.  of  James 
Cross,  esq.,  of  Rochdale. 

At  Chelsea,  Isaac  Campbell  Rutter,  esq.,  of 
Glebelands,  Mitcham,  to  Alice  Agar,  youngest 
dau.  of  Robert  Ellis,  esq.,  of  Walton-place. 

At  Christ  Church,  Forest-hill,  Thos.  Meeking, 
of  Rock-pk.,  Rock  Ferry,  Cheshire,  eldest  son  of 
Thos.  Meeking,  esq.,  of  Bulmer,  Esi^ex,  to  Isa- 
bella, eldest  dau.  of  Arthur  Steains,  esq.,  of 
Forest-hill,  Kent. 

July  27.  At  Kingston,  Hants,  Charles  John, 
younger  son  of  Peter  Gold,  esq.,  of  Lower  Clap- 
ton, to  Cleer,  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Reed,  esq., 
of  Portsea,  Hants. 

July  28.  At  Walton-on-Thames,  James  Cotter 
Morrison,  esq.,  to  Frances  Adelaide,  eldest  dau. 
of  George  Yirtue,  esq.,  Oatlands-pk.,  Surrey. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanovcr-sq.,  Francis  Robert, 
eldest  son  of  Augustus  Newton,  esq.,  of  Curzon- 
fltreet,  Mayfair,  grandson  of  the  late  Adm.  Robert 
J.  Rickctts,  and  nephew  of  Sir  Com  wallis  Ricketta, 
bart.,  of  Beaumont  Leys,  and  Grosvcnor-place,  to 
Ann,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Claypole,  esq.,  mer- 
chant, of  Liverpool. 

July  30.    At  Truro,  Donald  Madcod  Smith, 


esq.,  barrister,  of  Edinburgh,  to  Christina,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  G.  Gunn,  esq.,  of  Rhines,  buther- 
land,  N.B. 

July  31.  At  St.  Mary's  Scottish  Episcopal 
Church,  Glasgow,  Mr.  Wm.  Lawson,  third  master 
of  Durham  Training  School,  to  Flora,  fourth  dan. 
of  Richard  Watson,  esq.,  steward  of  the  Fossil 
Estate,  Lanarkshire. 

At  Shortflatt-tower,  Lord  Decies,  to  Catherine 
Anne,  second  dau.  of  Wm.  Dent  Dent,  esq.,  of 
Shortflatt-tower,  Northumberland. 

At  Castle  Donington,  Thomas  Fielden  Uttley, 
esq.,  of  Water-side,  Todmorden,  Yorkshire,  to 
Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  P.  Hyatt, 
esq.,  of  the  former  place. 

At  St.  Andrew's,  Halstead,  Philip  M.  Wilmot, 
esq.,  M.D.,  of  Southampton,  to  Emma,  second 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Sturgeon  Nunn  Brew- 
ster, esq.,  of  White  Notley-hall. 

At  Tottington,  Norfolk,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Trough- 
ton,  to  Isabella  Henrietta,  youngest  dau.  of  Col. 
C.  Shaw,  R.A.,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  6«i.  A. 
Shaw,  Governor  of  the  Isle  of  Man. 

At  Cambridge,  R.  B.  Hayward,  esq.,  M.A.,  late 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Assistant-Master  in 
Harrow  School,  to  Marianne,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Henry  Francis  Rowc,  esq.,  Cambridge. 

Aug,  1.  At  St.  Leonard's,  Exeter,  the  Rev. 
Fred.  Wm.  Farrer,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  to  Lucy  Mary,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  Frederick  Cardew,  of  the  H.E.I.  Company's 
Bengal  Civil  Service. 

At  St.  Luke's,  Leeds,  Fretwell  William  Hoyle, 
esq.,  F.G.H.S.,  solicitor,  Rotherham,  eldest  wm 
of  Wm.  Fretwell  Hoyle,  esq.,  of  Ferham-house« 
Yorkshire,  to  Rosa,  third  dau.  of  Albert  Davy, 
esq.,  of  Leeds,  Consul  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

At  Sandal  Magna,  Richard  Dugdale,  second 
son  of  Richard  Kay,  esq.,  of  Limefield,  Bury, 
Lancashire,  to  Yictoria  Mary  Luis,  youngest  dan. 
of  Joze  Luis  Femandes,  esq.,  of  Sandal-honse, 
near  Wakefield. 

At  Notting-hill,  William,  second  son  of  Thos. 
Jaoomb,  esq.,  of  Lansdowne-terrace,  Kenrington- 
park,  to  Eliza  Marion,  eldest  dau.  of  Isaac  Hay- 
ton,  esq.,  Kensingrton  Park-gardens,  formerly  of 
Ashbridge-house,  near  Tunbridge. 

At  Prcstbury,  Chas.  D.  F.  Phillips,  esq.,  M.D., 
son  of  the  late  Capt.  Robert  Phillips,  40th 
Regt.,  to  Martha  Ann,  second  dau.  .of  ThonuM 
Brocklehurst,  esq.,  of  the  Fenoehouse,  Macclce- 
fleld. 

At  Rainhill,  Lancashire,  Dr.  Sheridan  Mus- 
pratt,  professor  of  chymistry,  Liverpool,  to  Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Neale,  esq.,  of  the 
same  place. 

At  Bumfoot,  Hawick,  the  Rev.  David  Fother- 
ingham,  of  Glanton,  Northumberland,  to  Sybellji» 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Anderson,  esq., 
of  Bumfoot. 

At  Frant,  near  Tunbridge  Wells,  Jeffery  Mor- 
phew,  esq.,  of  Brixton,  Surrey,  to  Agnes^  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Mark  Lamb,  esq. 

Aug.  2.  At  York,  John  Charles,  second  son  of 
Sir  Jos.  Radcliffe,  bart,  of  Milner  Bxidge-honse, 
and  Rudding-hall,   Yorkshire,  to   Clementina 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


817 


Maria,  second  dan.  of  the  late  Anthony  G.  "Wright 
Biddulph,  esq.,  of  Burton-park,  Sussex,  and  Nor- 
ton-hall, Norfolk. 

At  Symondsbury,  Dorset,  John  Grove  Johnson, 
of  Tottenham,  to  Elizabeth,  third  dau.,  and 
Charles  Stanton  Breese,  of  Acock's-greon,  Bir- 
mingham, to  Sarah  Jane,  youngest  dan.  of  John 
Barnicott,  esq.,  of  Bridport,  Dorset 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  F.  G.  M.  Boileau, 
esq.,  second  son  of  Sir  J.  Boileau,  of  Kettering- 
ham,  to  Lucy  Henrietta,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Geo. 
Nugent,  of  West  Harling. 

At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  George,  second  son 
of  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Morrable,  to  Theresa 
Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Nichols,  esq.,  of 
8avillc-row,  Burlington-gardens. 

At  Marlborough,  Wilts,  the  Rev.  Franek  Shum, 
only  son  of  James  Shum,  esq.,  of  Kirby-le-Soken, 
Essex,  to  Sarah  Jane,  only  child  of  the  late 
Thomas  Seoger  Gundry,  esq.,  of  Marlborough. 

At  St.  Marylebone,  Charles  Doxat,  esq.,  of 
Glouccster-sq.,  to  Rosalie  Sydney,  only  dau.  of 
Vice- Admiral  Rattray. 

At  Much  Iladham,  Herts,  Charles  Bagot,  son 
of  the  late  Joseph  Fhillimore,  esq.,  D.C.L.,  to 
Caroline  Sophia,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thos. 
Randolph. 

At  Bruham,  Capt.  C.  R.  Fraser,  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty's Indian  Army,  to  Julia  Josephine  Marga- 
ret, fourth  dau.  of  W.  A.  Bethune,  esq.,  of  Dim- 
robin,  Tasmania,  now  of  Colinshays-house,  So- 
merset. 

At  the  Abbey  Church,  Great  Malvern,  Arch. 
White,  esq.,  M.D.,  H.M.I.  Service,  Bengal,  to 
Mary  Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  Rich.  Booker,  esq., 
of  Liverpool. 

At  Plympton  St.  Mary,  G.  O.  Clark,  47th  Regt, 
third  eon  of  the  late  W.  J.  Clark,  esq.,  of  Buck- 
land  Tout  Suints,  to  Katharine,  fourth  dan.  of  the 
late  T.  J.  Phillipps,  esq.,  of  Sandue,  Cornwall. 

At  St.  John's  Church,  West  Croydon,  F.  H. 
Phipps,  esq.,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  youngest 
son  of  Wm.  8.  Phipps,  esq.,  of  Newington-pl., 
Kennington-park,  to  Laura  Charlotte  Lewis, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  H.  Cross,  esq.,  of 
Barnes,  Surrey. 

Aug.  4.  At  Trinity  Church,  St.  Marylebone, 
n.  W.  Elphinstone,  esq.,  only  son  of  Sir  Howard 
PUphinstonc,  hart.,  to  Constance  Mary  Alexan- 
der, third  dau.  of- John  A.  Uankey,  esq.,  of  Bal- 
combe-pl.,  Sussex. 

Aug.  5.  At  St.  James's,  Westbonmc-ter., 
Hyde-park,  H.  Clarke,  esq.,  Assistant-Commis- 
sary-Gencral,  to  Eliza,  third  dau.  of  Comm.  C. 
K.  Scott,  R.N.,  of  Bursledon-house,  Brighton. 

Aug.  6.  At  St.  Paul's,  Knightebridge,  Lieut.- 
Col.  H.  G.  Wilkinson,  Scots  Fusilier  Guards,  to 
the  Hon.  Louisa  Catherine  Batcman  Hanbury, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  and  sister  of  the  pre- 
sent Lord  Batcman. 

Aug.  7.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt. 
the  Hon.  William  E.  8.  West,  Grenadier  Guards, 
youngest  son  of  the  Earl  and  Countess  Delawarr, 
to  Georgina,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  G.  Dod- 
wcll,  esq.,  of  Kcvinsfort,  co.  Sligo,  Ireland. 

At  St.  Mark's,  Myddleton-sq.,  Pentonville, 
John,  eldest  eon  of  Mr.  W.  N.  Waldram,  of  Iligh- 


st.,  Leicester,  to  Louisa  Jane,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Malyon,  esq.,  of  Wilmington-sq., 
Clerkenwell,  andMontpelicr-road,  Peckhom  Rye, 
Surrey. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  Capt.  Godfrey,  Slst 
Regrt.  H.M.I.A.,  to  Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Thos.  FitzHugh,  esq.,  of  Pl&s  Power,  Den- 
bighshire. 

At  Barham,  near  Canterbury,  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
Buter,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  All  Saints',  Mile-end 
New-town,  to  Amelia  Damaris,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Thos.  Harrison,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Wo- 
menswold,  Kent. 

At  Lower  Norwood,  Samuel  Edwin,  son  of 
John  Collingwood,  esq.,  of  Brighton,  to  Mary 
Fanny,  dau.  of  Henry  James,  esq.,  R.N.,  alao 
of  Brighton. 

At  Milton-next-Gravesend,  Charles  Bush  Cla- 
bon,  esq.,  of  StockwoU,  Surrey,  to  Emily  Simp- 
son, dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  James  Colville,  M.A., 
of  Worcester. 

At  Becking,  Essex,  Edward  Taylor,  esq.,  ar- 
chitect, to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Gosling,  esq. 

Aiig.  8.  At  Yapham,  Richard  Porter,  second 
son  of  John  Bulmer,  esq.,  of  Prospect-grove, 
Pocklington,  to  Caroline,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Wm.  Forstcr,  esq.,  of  Runcorn,  Cheshire. 

At  Daving^on,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
Haes,  esq.,  of  the  Priory,  Wondsworth-rd.,  to 
Julio,  dau.  of  Isaac  Wildash,  esq.,  of  Daviugton- 
hall,  Kent. 

At  Bonchurch,  Isle  of  Wight,  Hugh  Barklie 
Blundell,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  McCal- 
mont,  of  Ilighfleld,  Southampton,  to  Edith  Flo- 
rence* second  dau.  of  Martin  Blackmore,  esq.,  of 
Ro<«enheim,  Bonchurch. 

At  Prestbury,  Cheshire,  Henry  Critchly  Brod- 
rick,  M.D.,  1st  Corps  Mayne's  Horse,  to  Ellen, 
second  dau.  of  Jasper  Hulley,  esq.,  The  One 
House,  near  Macclesfield. 

At  Spcen,  Berks,  Joseph  Henry  Dyas,  Capt.  in 
H.M.'s  Bengal  Engineers,  to  Catherine  Louisa 
Spry,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Bailey, 
solicitor,  Chester. 

At  Chester,  J.  W.  Hopkins,  esq.,  of  Leaming- 
ton, to  Esther,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  E.  M. 
Burton,  esq.,  of  Parkfield,  Middlcton. 

A  ug.  9.  At  Southampton,  J.  P.  Lichfield,  esq., 
of  Stokeville,  Staffordshire,  second  son  of  the  late 
William  Lichfield,  esq.,  of  Nursling,  Hants,  to 
Clara,  second  dau.  of  J.  R.  Ware,  esq.,  of  South- 
ampton. 

At  St.  Mark's,  City  Road,  Charles  Lovegrovo, 
esq.,  surgeon,  Sevenoaks,  to  Catherine,  only 
child  of  R.  E.  Adams,  esq.,  surgeon,  of  the  same 
place. 

At  Cheltenham,  John  Atkins  Mark,  H.B.M.'s 
Yice-Consul  at  Malaga,  to  Elizabeth  Josephine, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thos.  Leach  Tovey, 
of  Newnham,  Gloucester. 

At  Eton  College  Chapel,  the  Rev.  Henry  Pren- 
tice, Curate  of  Bumham,  Bucks,  to  Fanny 
Catherine,  elder  dau. ;  and  at  the  same  time  and 
place,  the  Rev.  George  R.  Dupuis,  Fellow  of 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  to  Annette  Letitia, 
younger  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  John  Kyffin  Lloyd, 
of  H.M.'s  14th  Regt. 


818 


Marriages. 


[Sept 


At  Torquay,  James  Bomctt,  esq.,  late  U.M.'s 
Consul  in  the  Brazils,  to  Susan  Margaret,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  W.  Brock,  esq.,  M.D.,  late  of 
Clifton,  and  formerly  of  the  island  of  Jamaica. 

At  Brompton,  the  Rev.  Francis  St.  John 
Thackeray,  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford, 
to  Louisa  Kathcrine,  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  An- 
drew Irvine,  of  St.  Margaret's,  Leicester. 

At  Scarborough,  the  Rev.  George  Hogarth, 
M.A.,  Vicar  of  Barton-upon^Hmnber,  Lincoln- 
shire, son  of  the  late  Rev.  D.  Hogarth,  of  Maker- 
ston,  Roxburghshire,  to  Jane  Elizabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  Uppleby,  esq.,  of  Scarborough. 

At  Southwold,  Suffolk,  Charles  £.  Stewart, 
esq.,  fifth  son  of  the  late  Hon.  T.  A.  Stewart, 
of  Douro,  Canada  West,  to  Charlotte  Mary  Jane, 
second  dan.  of  the  late  Capt.  F.  W.  Ellis,  R.N., 
of  Southwold. 

At  Wavertrce,  Nathaniel  Pcarce,  eldest  son  of 
Mark  Sharman,  esq.,  of  Wellingborough,  to 
Maria,  eldest  dan.  of  Wm,  Lassell,  esq.,  F.R.3., 
of  Liverpool. 

Aug.  11 .  At  the  Chapel  of  the  British  Embassy 
in  Paris,  Arthur  Duke  Coleridge,  Fellow  of 
Kingr*s  College,  Cambridge,  and  younge>t  son  of 
the  late  Francis  George  Coleridge,  esq.,  of  Ottcry 
8t.  Mary,  to  Mary  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  bito 
James  Jameson,  esq.,  of  Montrose,  co.  Dublin. 

At  Regcnt*s-sq.  Church,  St.  Panoras,  Thoma8> 
son  of  the  late  J.  Clark,  esq.,  of  Aldborough,  to 
Henrietta,  dau.  of  C.  Cradock,  esq.,  late  of  Pater- 
noster-row. 

Aiig,  12.  At  St.  Mary's,  Islington,  Charles 
James,  third  son  of  the  Rev.  B.  Richardson,  of 
Glazedale  Parsonage,  near  Whitby,  Yorkshire, 
to  Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Wood, 
of  I^wes. 

Aug.  14.  At  Brooke,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Rcnwick,  Rector  of  Mottistone,  and 
Vicar  of  Shorwell,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rear- 
Admiral  Renwick,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Chas. 
Secly,  esq.,  of  Brooke-house,  Isle  of  Wight,  and 
Hoighingtun,  lincolns.,  High  Sheriff  of  Hants. 

At  Itowington,  Warwickshire,  Daniel  Pitt, 
second  surviving  son  of  the  late  George  Skipton, 
esq.,  Supci'intcnding  Surgeon  H.E.I.C.S.,  to 
Mary  Gcorgina,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Scott  Hadow,  esq. 

At  Doddington,  Kent,  William,  second  son  of 
the  late  Sir  W.  Majoribanks,  hart,,  of  Lees,  Ber- 
wickshire, to  Frances  Anne,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Baldwin  Duppa  Duppa^  esq.,  of  Holling- 
boumc-housc,  Kent. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Lord  Conyers, 
to  Mary,  elder  dau.  of  the  late  Reginald  Curtcis, 
esq.,  and  stepdau.  of  Lt.-Col.  Fitxroy  Campbell. 

At  St.  Lconar(i's-on-Sea,  Capt.  Hen.  Hamilton 
Pratt,  late  of  the  94th  Regt.,  only  surviving  son 
of  the  late  J.  Pratt,  esq.,  to  Annie  Blanche,  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  John  Bonham,  of  Ballintaggart, 
CO.  Kildare. 

At  Tynemouth,  William  Henry  Ransom,  M.D., 
of  Nottingham,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
William  Bramwell,  esq.,  of  Dockwray-sq.,  Tyne- 
mouth. 


At  St.  Matthew's,  Nottingham,  the  Rev.  Sam* 
Cavan,  late  Curate  of  St.  Peter's,  to  Mary  Ann^ 
eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Wm.  Knight,  of  Regent-6t., 
Nottingham. 

At  Rugby,  the  Rev.  A.  Pownall,  Rector  of 
South  Kilworth,  to  Mary  St.  Clair,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  J.  R.  Farness,  Vicar  of  Dinning- 
ton,  Northumberland. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Monmouth,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Heycock,  M.A.,  son  of  John  Hippisley  Hey  cock, 
esq..  East  Norton,  Leicestershire,  to  Mary  Anna, 
youngest  surviving  dau.  of  the  Ute  Jas.  Powles, 
esq.,  Monmouth. 

Avg.  16.  At  Halifax,  Mr.  Wm.  Hirst,  of  Dean 
Mills,  near  Halifax,  to  Mary,  younger  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Fawcett,  esq.,  of  Green-field, 
Sowcrby. 

At  Lyminster,  Col.  St.  George,  C.B.,  Royal 
Artillery,  to  Elizabeth  Marianne,  youngest  dau.. 
of  Thos.  Evans,  esq.,  Lyminster-hoose,  Arundel, 
Sussex. 

At  Leeds,  George  Yatchel,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Jonas  Ridout,  esq.,  of  Moortown-housc, 
Whitchurch,  Devon,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  tho 
late  Mr.  Wm.  Bulmer,  ot  Buplingthorpe. 

Aug.  16.  At  St.  Paul's,  Knightsbridge,  Lord 
Skelmcrsdale,  of  Chatham  -  house,  Ormskirk, 
Lancashire,  Deputy-Lieut,  for  Lancaster,  to  the 
Hon.  Lady  Alice  Villiers,  second  dau.  of  the  Earl 
of  Clarendon. 

At  Stoke,  P.  S.  Perkins,  esq.,  son  of  the  late 
Capt.  Thomas  Steele  Perkins,  R.M.,  to  Sarab 
Story,  dau.  of  the  late  James  Hansard,  esq.,  of 
Daren  t-vUla,  Westerham,  Kent. 

At  Lindflcld,  Sussex,  the  Rev.  Marmaduke 
Lawrence  Sharpe,  of  Lindfield,  to  Julia  Senior, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Lewis  Goodin  Husey- 
Hunt,  esq.,  of  Compton  Pauncefoot,  Somerset. 

At  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  We«t- 
boume-terr.,  Wm.  Sandwith,  esq.,  Bombay  Civil 
Service,  to  Jeminui  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Sebastian  Jas.  Gambler,  Incumbent  of 
Sandgatc,  Kent. 

At  Blytbe,  Notts,  John  Holmes,  esq.,  of  Lom- 
bard-st.,  and  Sydenham-road,  Croydon,  to  Mar- 
garet, only  dau.  of  John  Camm,  esq.,  of  Auater- 
field,  near  Bawtry,  Yorkshire. 

At  St.  John's  Church,  Paddlngton,  Clarmont 
J.  Daniell,  esq.,  Bengal  Civil  Service,  to  Fanny 
Louisa,  youngest  dau.  of  WilHam  Prinsep,  esq., 
Weston-house,  Albury,  Guildford. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Islington,  Thos.  Hore  Graham, 
esq.,  surgeon,  of  Lamberhurst,  Kent,  to  Char- 
lotte, eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Wm.  Elliott,  esq.,  of 
H.M.'s  Inland  Revenue  Office,  Soooerset-houae. 

Aug.  17.  At  St.  Margaret's,  Lee,  Kent,  Albert 
Gordon  Langley,  esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
barrister-at-law,  eldest  son  of  Charles  Langley, 
esq.,  of  Chudlcigh,  Devonshire,  to  Emma,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Jacomb  Hood,  esq.,  of 
Bardon-park,  Leicestershire. 

Aug.  18.  At  Bimham,  Hcrwald  Crauford  Wake, 
C.B.,  fourth  son  of  Sir  Charles  Wake,  bart.,  of 
Coustcen-hall,  to  Lucy,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 
Sir  George  Sitwell,  bart.,  of  Renishav. 


I860.] 


319 


^bituaiK. 


\_Relatives  or  Friends  supplying  Memoirs  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses^  i% 
order  that  a  Copy  of  the  Gentleman's  Maqazinb  containing  their  Communicationt 
ff^g  be  forwarded  to  them,^ 


H.I.H.  THE  Geanb  Duohess  Akne  of 

Russia. 

August  15.  At  Elfessan,  near  Basle, 
Switzerland,  aged  79,  H.I.H.  the  Grand 
Dachess  Anne  Feodorowna  of  Rossia,  nee 
Dachess  Julienne  Henrietta  of  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha,  sister  of  the  King  of  the 
Belgians  and  the  Dachess  of  Kent,  and 
aunt  of  Her  Majesty. 

Tlie  deceased  Dachess  was  born  in  1781, 
and  married  in  1796  the  Grand  Duke 
Constantine  of  Russia,  elder  brother  of 
the  late  Emperor  Nicholas.  The  marriage 
proved  anhappy,  the  Grand  Duke,  whose 
whole  life  shewed  him  to  be  little  better 
than  a  lunatic,  treating  his  young  wife 
from  the  very  first  with  contemptuous 
indi  Terence,  which  was  soon  succeeded  by 
positive  cruelty  and  outrage.  The  Grand 
Duchess  at  last  retired  to  her  father's 
court,  and  positively  refused  to  return  to 
Russia;  and  several  years  later  her  hus- 
band procured  a  dissolution  of  their  mar- 
riage, he  having  fixed  his  afiections  on  a 
Polish  lady,  Johanna  Gradziuska,  after- 
wards Princess  Loviez.  His  brother,  the 
Emperor  Alexander,  gave  his  consent  on 
condition  of  Constantine  resigning  his 
right  to  the  imperial  succession,  which 
the  latter  was  quite  ready  to  do.  The 
Grand  Duchess,  on  returning  to  Germany, 
for  more  than  forty  years  lived  a  life  of 
strict  retirement,  seldom  mingling  even 
with  her  own  family,  but  occupying  her- 
self in  works  of  piety  and  charity,  and  her 
death  has  been  the  cause  of  great  grief  to 
many  poor  persons  who  depended  on  her 
bounty  for  subsistence. 


Thomas  Poyseb,  Esq. 
June  11.     At  Wirksworth,   aged  70, 
Thomas  Poyser,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S. 


At  an  early  age  Mr.  Poyser  succeeded 
Dr.  Goodwin  in  the  leading  practice  of 
Wirksworth  and  its  district,  which  ha 
retained  for  nearly  fifty  years;  and  no 
more  touching  testimony  to  the  re^>ect 
in  which  he  was  held  could  be  afforded 
than  the  general  closing  of  the  shops 
throughout  the  town  on  the  day  of  his 
funeral.  As  a  benefactor  to  his  county 
Mr.  Poyser  is  deserving  of  honourable 
mention  in  connection  with  the  magni- 
ficent County  Lunatic  Asylum  at  Mickle* 
over:  it  was  mainly  through  his  un- 
wearied efforts  that  public  attention  was 
drawn  to  the  miserable  condition  of  the 
pauper  lunatics,  and  the  importance  of 
the  subject  becoming  recognised,  meetings 
were  held,  happily  resulting  in  the  erec- 
tion of  that  noble  Asylum. 

In  later  years  Mr.  Poyser  made  the 
most  active  exertions  in  Derbyshire  and 
elsewhere  towards  the  building  and  en- 
dowment of  the  Medical  Benevolent  Col- 
lege at  Epsom. 

It  was  in  the  pursuits  of  literature  that 
Mr.  Poyser  found  relief  from  the  cares  of 
his  extensive  and  laborious  practice;  the 
pages  of  this  Magazine  bear  testimony  to 
the  graceful  facility  of  his  pen  and  the 
ample  stores  of  his  mind.  His  contribu- 
tions included  a  succession  of  papers  on 
"The  authors  of  Articles  in  the  'Quarterly 
Review,'  *'  together  with  memoirs  of  Gene- 
ral William  Bush,  and  the  celebrated 
millionnaire,  Richard  Arkwright,  Esq., 
with  whom  Mr.  Poyser  was  for  many 
years  on  terms  of  intimacy,  breakfasting 
with  him  at  Willersly  regularly  every 
Thursday  morning.  The  last  review  which 
emanated  from  Mr.  Peyser's  pen  was  a 
notice  of  Miss  Nightingale's  "Notes  on 
Nursing."    For  many  years  he  had  been 


320        J.  F.  Young ^  Esq.,  M.D. — David  Irving,  LL.D.       [Sept. 


intimately  acquainted  with  Miss  Nightin- 
gale, having  given  her  her  first  hints  in 
nursing  and  in  medicine,  when  as  a  g^rl 
she  used  to  attend  the  sick  poor  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  her  father's  residence : 
to  the  last  he  maintained  a  correspon- 
dence with  that  lady. 

In  whatever  position  Mr.  Poyser  might 
have  been  placed,  he  could  not  have 
failed  to  attain  distinction.  His  mind 
was  deeply  embued  with  religious  feeling, 
and  he  was  emphatically  a  comforter  in 
those  scenes  of  sorrow  with  which  his 
profession  rendered  him  familiar;  his 
memory  was  retentive,  his  reading  ex- 
tensive, and  he  possessed  the  gift  of  bring- 
ing his  varied  stores  of  knowledge  to  bear 
on  whatever  subject  was  under  discussion ; 
this  rendered  him  a  delightful  companion 
and  caused  his  society  to  be  much  sought. 

Besides  the  writings  we  have  already 
mentioned,  Mr.  Poyser  contributed  several 
articles  to  the  "  Medico-Chirurgical  Re- 
view," and  was  the  author  of  two  papers 
which  attracted  some  attention :  they  were 
entitled,  "Illustrations  of  the  Difficulties 
which  beset  some  Cases  of  Disease,"  and 
*'  Cases  and  Dissections  chiefly  in  reference 
to  the  Uncertainty  of  Diagnosis." 


James  Fobbes  Youkg,  Ebq.,  M.D. 

June  30.  At  Kennington,  Surrey,  aged 
64,  James  Forbes  Young,  Esq.,  M.D.,  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant,  and  in  the  Commis- 
sion of  the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Surrey. 

The  deceased  was  the  second  son  of 
Jonathan  Young,  Esq.,  of  Lambeth,  many 
years  resident  of  that  parish,  a  surgeon, 
and  an  eminent  general  practitioner  in 
medicine,  whose  decease  is  noticed  in  our 
obituary  of  the  year  1825.  Dr.  Young 
was  well  known  for  his  general  love  of 
scientific  pursuits.  He  has  left  a  large 
herbarium,  and  a  very  select  collection  of 
fossils.  His  collection  of  ferns  and  hot- 
house plants,  extremely  choice  in  their 
several  varieties,  was  dispersed  by  auction 
on  the  14th  of  August,  and  attracted  a 
very  largj  concourse  of  visitors,  at  his 
late  residence  at  Kensington. 


David  Ibvino,  LL.D. 
Wb  gave  in  our  number  for  Jnne,  p. 
645,  a  brief  notice  of  the  life  of  Df .  Irving. 
We  now  borrow  some  interesting  par- 
ticulars respecting  him  from  a  memoir 
furnislied  by  one  who  knew  him  well,  to 
the  "  Witness,"  Edinburgh  paper  :— 

"The  task  that  we  allotted  to  ourselves 
in  this  notice — that,  namely,  of  presenting 
our  readers  with  an  historic  sketch  of  Dr. 
Irving's  published  writings — has  now  been 
hastily  and  imperfectly  executed.  We  have 
left  ourselves  no  space  to  speak  generally 
of  his  talents  and  acquirements.  It  is 
pre-eminently  as  a  scholar  that  he  daiini 
distinction  in  our  eyes,  and  it  cannot  be 
doubted  that  ho  was  one  of  the  most 
finished,  accurate,  and  erudite  scholars 
that  Scotland  in  his  generation  could 
boast  of. 

"  His  knowledge  of  books,  his  memory 
for  all  about  them,  the  dates  and  places, 
shapes  and  forms,  of  their  editions,  was 
marvellous.  His  passion  for  books  was 
intense.  He  loved  them  all  with  a  bro- 
therly afi*ection.  He  watched  over  those 
he  liked  best  with  almost  a  miser's  care. 
Mother  never  touched  or  handled  more 
gently  a  cherished  infant  than  he  touched 
and  handled  one  of  his  cherished  books. 
It  was  with  difficulty  he  could  be  per- 
suaded to  put  it  into  ruder  hands,  and 
any  rough  usage  that  he  saw  it  getting^ 
he  resented  as  a  personal  affront.  His 
thoughts — we  had  almost  sud  his  hearts 
was  centred  in  his  library.  In  the  Advo- 
cates' Library  there  was  a  private  room 
which  he  occupied,  and  where,  in  the 
course  of  years,  he  had  gathered  around 
the  chair  he  sat  on  some  choice  bookish 
treasures.  In  1849,  after  29  years'  service, 
he  had  to  retire  from  public  duty  in  the 
library;  but  how  could  he  tear  himself 
from  that  chair,  and  from  those  treasures  ? 
The  day  upon  which  he  should  have  re- 
signed his  place  to  his  successor  came,  but 
there  were  some  little  things  that  he  had 
still  to  do  there,  and  he  remained.  Day 
after  day,  week  after  week  went  past; 
there  still  was  something  to  be  aone; 
each  day  saw  him  ensconced,  as  of  old, 
within  his  den.  Once  and  again  he  was 
reminded  that  his  term  of  public  service 
had  expired.  He  would  not — coald  not 
move.  At  last  he  was  induced  to  fix  on 
mid-day  of  the  following  Monday  as  the 
hour  for  the  bursting  of  the  tie.  It  came, 
— the  day,  the  hour, — but  there  was  no 
sign  of  movement  in  that  room.  Foor 
o'clock  arrived,  and  the  other  public  of- 
ficers of  the  institution  retired,  but  ha 


12 


I860.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


92; 


had  not  stirred.  The  shadows  of  a  long 
June  evening  were  gathering  round  the 
dusky  building ;  a  light,  kindled  in  that 
room,  streamed  out  of  its  window.  He 
still  was  there;  nor  was  it  till  the  mid- 
night hour  was  on  the  stroke  that  he  rose 
and  went  away — ^never  to  return. 

"  That  attachment  which  had  here  suf- 
fered such  a  violence  now  transferred 
itself  with  all  its  force  to  its  own  private 
library,  which  he  now  nursed  with  double 
care.  It  grew  beneath  that  care.  He 
has  left  about  7^000  volumes,  all  in  the 
most  perfect  order,  many  of  them  rare 
and  viUuable, — altogether,  one  of  the  best 
private  collections  that  our  city  contains. 
It  was  among  these  books  he  lived,  and  it 
was  actually  among  them  that  he  died. 
Every  upper  room  in  his  house  was  clothed 
with  book-shelves, — his  own  among  the 
rest.  He  lay  upon  his  death^bed  sur- 
rounded with  them.  Within  a  few  hours 
of  his  decease,  his  eye  chanced  to  rest 
upon  a  new  edition  of  'Whiston's  Jose- 
phus'  that  he  bad  lately  added  to  his 
stores.  He  asked  his  daughter,  who  acted 
as  his  librarian,  to  hand  him  one  of  the 
volumes.  He  took  it  tenderly  into  his 
hands,  turned  it  over  and  over  again,  re- 
garding it  with  a  placid  and  benignant 
look.  He  tried  to  open  and  to  read  it, 
but  the  feeble  hands  and  eyes  refused  the 
ofhee.  It  fell  out  of  his  hands  upon  the 
bed.  His  daughter  took  it  up,  to  replace 
it  on  the  shelf.  His  quick  eye  followed 
her,  and  noticed  that,  in  her  haste,  she 
had  pushed  it  in  too  far.  With  something 
like  impatience,  he  directed  her  to  draw  it 
out,  and  place  it  level  with  the  rest.  It 
was  done  as  he  directed,  and  be  was 
pleased.     It  was  his  last  earthly  act. 

"  Like  so  many  book -minded  men.  Dr. 
Irving  mixed  but  little  with  general  so- 
ciety. He  had  too  strong  convictions,  too 
decided  tastes,  too  fixed  habits,  to  have 
much  facility  in  accommodating  himself  to 
the  opinions,  tastes,  and  habits  of  others, 
especially  when  these  were  such  as  he 
strongly  disliked  or  disapproved.  In  such 
cases  he  was  too  honest  not  to  say  all  he 
thought,  and  show  all  he  felt.  The  out- 
ward roughnesses  that  he  sometimes  thus 
exposed  to  others  he  was  at  no  pains  to 
soften  or  conceal;  but  those  who  knew 
bim  best,  —  who  knew  him  within  the 
inner  circle  of  home  and  friendship, — 
know  what  a  true,  kind,  loving  heart 
he  had." 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

July  6.  At  the  Parsonage,  aged  46,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Anderson^  -B.A.,  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Scathwaitc,  Lancashire. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


July  23.  At  Nympsfield  Rectory,  Gloucester- 
shire, aged  62,  the  Rev.  George  Christopher 
ffaywardt  M.A.,  for  twenty-seven  years  Rector 
of  the  parish. 

July  24.  At  the  Mcarage,  Doncaster.aged  69, 
the  Rev.  John  Sharpe,  D.D.,  for  forty-three  years 
Vicar  of  that  place,  and  Canon  of  York. 

July  25.  Aged  77,  the  Yen.  Wm.  Wray  Maun- 
telly  Archdeacon  of  Limerick. 

July  26.  At  Portland-place,  London,  aged  72, 
the  Rev.  Leveson  Vernon  Harcourtj  Chancellor 
of  York,  son  of  the  late  Edward  Harooort,  Arch- 
bishop of  York. 

July  27.  At  Cowes,  aged  60,  the  Rev.  Maxi- 
milian Oeneste^  for  twenty-eight  years  Incum- 
bent of  Holy  Trinity,  West  Cowes. 

July  30.  At  Woodbury,  aged  60,  the  Rev. 
Edward  Hay,  A.M.,  Vicar  of  Broughton  Craven, 
Yorkshire. 

At  Trip-hill,  Fittleworth,  aged  51,  the  Rev. 
Jamfs  Rutherford^  Rector  of  Egdean. 

Aug.  2.  At  the  Vicarage,  Haslingfield,  Cam- 
bridgeshire, aged  83,  the  Rev.  William  Clark^ 
for  fifty-four  years  Curate  of  the  above  pariah. 

At^.  5.  At  Peatling-hall,  ag«d  56,  the  Rev. 
Charles  Longhurst^  for  many  years  Curate  of 
Amesby  and  Bruntingthorpe,  Leicestershire. 

Aug.  6.  At  St.  Leonards-on-Sea,  aged  78,  the 
Rev.  Edward  Repton,  Canon  of  Westminster. 

Aged  59,  the  Hev.  David  Laing^  Rector  of  St. 
01ave*s,  Hart-street,  Crutchcd-ft-iars.  Mr.  Laing 
gra  luated  at  Cambridge  in  1824,  and  was  ordain- 
ed in  the  same  year.  Fur  a  long  time  he  was 
chaplain  to  the  Middlesex  Hospital ;  and  in  1847, 
when  the  parish  of  St.  Pancras  was  subdiTided, 
he  was  appointed  to  the  incumbency  of  Holy 
Trinity  Chnrch,  Haverstock-hiU,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1857.  At  this  time  one  of  the  richest 
livings  in  the  city  of  London,  that  of  St.  Olave, 
Hart-street,  became  vacant  by  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  D.  Letts.  This  living  was  worth  JB2,000 
a  year,  and  in  the  gift  of  trustees,  who  on  the 
occasion  of  the  last  vacancy  were  unable  to  agree 
upon  the  presentation  of  a  clergyman,  there 
being  three  candidates,  among  whom  their  votes 
were  divided.  The  living  in  consequence  lapsed 
to  the  Bishop  of  London,  who  reduced  it  to 
£1,000  a  year,  and  made  over  the  remainder  to 
the  augmentation  of  the  adjacent  benefice  of  St. 
Botolph*s,  Aldgate,  and  some  still  smaller  incum- 
bencies in  the  diocese:  the  patronage  now  re- 
verts to  the  trustees.  Mr.  Laing  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Oovemesses*  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion, in  whose  welfare  he  always  took  a  great 
interest,  as  he  did  also  in  many  other  metropoli- 
tan charities. 

Aug.  8.  Aged  88,  the  Rev.  Charles  Wolff  Eyrs^ 
Rector  of  Hooton  Roberts,  near  Rotheram. 

Aug.  12.  At  Yelling  Rectory,  Huntingdon, 
aged  46,  Thomas  William  Leventhorpe. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  83,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Knox, 
Curate  of  St.  Gabriel's,  and  St  Margaret  Paten*, 
Rood-lane,  City,  and  Chaplain  to  the  Hon.  Artil- 
lery Company. 

Aug.  21.  The  Rev.  W.  11,  Shore,  LL.B.,  In- 
cumbent of  AU  Sainto',  ChUd's-hUU 


Pp 


S22 


Obituary. 


[.Sept. 


DEATHS. 

MSRAS&SD  IK  OHBONOLOaiCiX  OBDBS. 

April  23.  At  Dobling,  near  Vienna,  a^ed  67, 
Oovnt  8.  Sseeheyni.  He  had  been  long  ago  called 
**  the  father  of  the  country/^  and  the  benefits  he 
oonferred  on  Hungary  were  of  an  enduring  cha- 
racter. The  son  of  a  noble  Magyar  who  had 
founded  the  Pesth  Museum,  he  was  bom  in  1792, 
and  served  in  the  Hungarian  army  at  Wagram. 
He  opened  to  steam  traffic  the  whole  line  of  the 
Danube;  founded  the  Casino  or  Athenaeum  of 
noble  Hungarians  in  the  capital ;  and  carried  a 
motion  in  the  Diet  for  the  substitution  of  the 
native  Magyar  tongue  in  debates  where  Latin 
was  hitherto  required,  and  was  the  life  and  soul 
of  every  amelioration.  He  was  imprisoned  with 
Kossuth  in  1848,  and  the  insight  he  thus  got 
into  that  politician's  projects  made  bo  favourable 
impression  on  him.  The  events  of  1848  shat- 
tered the  intellect  of  this  eminent  patriot.  This 
Magyar  magnate  was  a  most  ardent  admirer  of 
England.  In  his  early  manhood  he  spent  six 
years  in  England,  studying  its  political  and  social 
manners,  and  he  returned  to  Hungary  with  a 
strong  desire  to  make  Hungarians  as  much  like 
Englishmen  as  possible.  To  those  of  his  own 
order  he  preached  incessantly,  that  if  they  wished 
to  retain  anything  like  influence,  they  must  not 
live  apart,  with  exclusive  privileges,  but,  like  the 
aristocracy  of  Great  Britian,  take  the  lead  in 
public  affairs  and  in  every  useful  undertaking. 
To  the  middle  and  lower  classes  he  taught  the 
advantage  of  liberty  and  of  commercial  and 
agricultural  enterprise. 

May  6.  At  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  aged  48, 
Charles  Thompson,  esq.,  second  son  of  the  late 
Dr.  Thompson  of  Rochester,  Kent. 

May  19.  At  Bangalore,  aged  21,  Perdval  F. 
Bedwell,  Lieut.  14th  M.N.I.,  third  son  of  the  late 
F.  R.  Bedwell,  esq.,  formerly  of  Walthamstow, 
Essex. 

May  21.  At  Barrackpore,  Bengal,  East  Indies, 
Capt.  Allan  McDonald,  Paymaster  1st  Battalion 
H.M.'s  6th  Foot. 

At  Old  Calabar,  West  Coast  of  Africa,  aged  37, 
John  Steane  Morgan,  esq.,  late  of  Whitby,  York- 
shire, second  son  of  the  late  William  Hoekyns 
Morgan,  surgeon  R.N.,  of  Hereford. 

May  24.  At  Singapore,  Major  Littlewood,  of 
the  Bombay  Army,  only  son  of  the  late  John 
Littlewood,  esq.,  of  Huddersfield. 

May  26.  At  Delhi,  Major  Francis  Stuart  Pa- 
teraon,  of  the  late  64th  Regt.  Bengal  N.I.,  eldest 
fK>n  of  the  late  Capt.  Wm.  Paterson,  R.N.,  C.B. 

May  28.  At  Shenval  of  Glenlivat,  aged  73,  Joaie 
Watt,  a  wandering  musician  and  poet.  The  de- 
ecnsed  was  quite  a  character  in  his  way.  For  up- 
wards of  half  a  century  he  has  b<  en  resident  in 
the  parish  of  Inveraven.  He  twice  enlisted  in  the 
army,  and  on  both  occasions  was  discharged  on 
account  of  defective  eyesight.  He  considered  he 
had  seen  a  good  deal  of  the  world  when  thus 
"  wearing  the  red  coat,"  a  id,  accordingly,  re- 
feired  to  it  often  in  conversation,  speaking  also  in 
his  songs  of  being  in  **  Jersey,  near  to  France." 
*  Joflie'  bad  no  mean  talent  for  music,  and  was  an 


adept  on  the  fife  and  flute.  Latterly,  when  his 
lungs  were  failing,  he  was  reduced  to  the  whistle. 
*  Josic*  wrote  not  a  few  songs,  and,  as  they  were 
mostly  of  a  local  nature,  and  abounding  in  the 
sort  of  clever  sayings  for  which  *  Josie*  was  not- 
able, they  were  much  relished  by  all  who  enjoyed 
a  laugh  at  the  expense  of  their  neighboura. 
Among  his  poetical  compositions,  well  known  to 
those  acquainted  with '  Josie,*  may  be  mentioned, 
"  The  Lads  that  were  Lost  on  the  Hill,"  **  Bonnie 
Annie  Meldrum,"  "M*Oregor*8  Overthrow, »» 
"The  Non-Intrusion  Rant,"  &o.  These,  and 
many  others  of  his  own  production  he  was  al- 
ways ready,  wben  in  good  humour,  to  sing  and 
explain  in  his  own  very  peculiar  way.  When 
singing,  the  snuff-box  was  alwaya  in  his  hand. 
Continually  he  was  putting  it  to  his  eye,  and 
peeping  into  it,  and  he  took  a  hearty  pinch  now 
and  again  between  verses.  So  long  as  he  son^, 
he  patted  with  his  right  hand  on  his  knee,  on  the 
table,  or  whatever  was  near  him,  quite  in  a  de- 
monstrative style,  but  every  now  and  then,  per- 
haps at  every  line,  and  sometimes  in  the  middle 
of  a  line,  he  would  stop  short  in  his  music  and 
motions,  and  interpolate  the  explanations  or  com- 
ments he  considered  necessary,  which,  as  well  as 
the  singing,  were  all  the  more  amusing  in  conse- 
quence of  an  intense  '  burr*  in  his  speech  and  the 
oddity  of  Josie*s  figure.  Poverty,  "the  poet's 
curse,"  pressed  hard  on  Josie  aU  his  life,  and, 
until  relieved  by  the  Parochial  Board,  b«  em- 
ployed himself  in  making  sculls  and  creels,  and 
even  when  all  but  blind,  could  oolleot  the  mate- 
rials bimself,  groping  his  way  through  the  thickets 
and  taking  especial  care  to  avoid  his  gre&i  enemy 
the  bramble,  or  the  'brummel'  as  he  always 
called  it.  The  sculls  and  creels  which  he  manu- 
factured he  carried  through  the  country  and  sold. 
A  feature  in  Josie's  character  was  an  extraor- 
dinary memory.  He  was  able,  for  instance,  to 
tell  the  year  and  day  of  the  month  on  which 
nearly  every  one  in  the  parish  for  the  last  fifty 
years  was  bom,  and  also  almost  every  text  trom. 
which  he  had  heard  a  sermon  preached  in  the  Es- 
tabUshed  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  stout  sup- 
porter. In  Disruption  days,  non-intrusion  was  a 
continual  butt  for  his  sarcasm.  With  all  his  pecu- 
liarities, however,  he  was  a  man  of  sterling 
honesty,  and  could  have  been  trusted  with  un- 
told gold.  He  and  his  sayings  and  doingB  will 
long  be  remembered  in  the  district,  where  he  was 
a  terror  to  some,  but  a  favourite  with  many.— 
Banffshire  Journal. 

June  3.  At  the  house  of  her  son-tn-law,  Mr. 
Isaac  Horsfall,  Swine-market,  Halifax,  aged  95, 
Mrs.  Nancy  Smith.  She  lived  to  see  the  fifth 
generation,  and  was  mother  of  ten  children, 
grandmother  of  77,  great-grandmother  of  lOS, 
and  great-great-grandmother  of  four ;  total  199, 
she  herself  making  the  200th. 

June  7.  While  leading  on  his  men  in  an  attack 
upon  the  rebels  at  Bagoogurh,  near  Goonah, 
Central  India,  aged  22,  W.  H.  J.  Jennings,  Lieut, 
in  H.M.'s  2nd  E.B.L.  Cavalry,  and  attached  to 
Mayne*s  Hor^e,  elder  son  of  the  late  Rev.  M.  J. 
Jennings,  M.A.,  Chaplain  of  Delhi,  and  of  Sirs. 
Jennings  of  Weybread. 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


823 


June  12.  At  JuUandar,  Emma  Augusta,  wife 
of  Capt.  H.  W.  Sibley,  Paymaster  of  H.M.'s  46th 
Rcgt.,  and  dan.  of  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Coolcher,  In- 
cumbent of  Bradninch,  Devon. 

June  15.  At  Allahabad,  aged  24,  Henry  Wm. 
Quekett,  C.E.,  only  son  of  the  Bey.  W.  Quekett, 
Rector  of  Warrington,  Lancashire. 

June  20.  At  Mercara,  Madras  Presidency,  aged 
45,  Brevet-MaJ.  Frank  Vardon,  25th  Regt  Ma- 
dras Infantry,  third  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Samuel  Arthur  Vardon,  esq.,  formerly  of  Oxford- 
ter.,  Hyde-park. 

June  24.  At  Bombay,  of  cholera,  aged  S6, 
Major  B.  K.  Finnimore,  H.M.'s  Bombay  Ar- 
jllery. 

June  28.  At  the  Island  of  St.  Thomas.  West 
Indies,  on  his  passage  home,  aged  25,  William 
Henry  Towle,  esq.,  surgeon,  of  Nuneaton. 

June  29.  At  Worcester,  aged  72,  Joseph, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Edward  Oilhun,  esq., 
banker,  of  Cambridg^e. 

At  Point  de  Galle,  Ceylon,  while  on  sick  leave, 
Philip  Wm.  Le  Geyt,  esq.,  member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  of  India,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Philip  Le  Geyt,  of  Marden,  Kent. 

July  I.  At  New  York,  aged  59,  Mr.  Charles 
Goodyear,  the  inventor  of  the  art  of  rulcanizing 
india-rubber. 

July  2.  At  Bayswater,  aged  69,  Maria,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  Charles  Hare,  D.D.  and  Senior  Fel- 
low of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

July  3.  At  Clough-foot,  near  Todmorden,  Lan- 
cashire, aged  61,  Grace,  relict  of  Mr.  James  Ed- 
wards, of  Batheaston,  and  mother  of  the  Rev.  E. 
Edwards,  of  Frome. 

July  4.  Suddenly,  at  Lawford-hall,  Essex, 
Mary  Anne,  wife  of  Charles  Studd,  esq. 

At  Lyons,  M.  Saint-Jean,  a  celebrated  flower 
painter. 

July  5.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  62,  Major-Oen. 
Frederic  Blundell,  C.B.,  Madras  Artillery. 

July  6.  At  Eaton,  aged  54,  Sophia,  last  sur- 
viving dau.  of  the  late  R.  Lubbock,  esq.,  M.D. 

At  Plumstead,  Norfolk,  aged  28,  Emily,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  A.  Langton,  Rector  of  Matlaake 
and  Plumstead. 

At  St.  Mary's  Vale,  Chatham,  (the  residence  of 
her  brother-in-law,  Capt.  Folliott  Powell,)  Ma- 
rian Frances,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Jno. 
Douglas  Cooper,  esq.,  of  Holme-oott.,  Ashboom. 

At  Notton,  George,  ninth  surviving  son  of  Sir 
John  Awdry. 

At  his  residence.  Stanhope-street,  Hyde-park- 
gardens,  aged  66,  Alfred  Lapworth,  esq.,  of 
Wilton. 

July  7.  At  Battersea,  aged  62,  Robert  Story, 
the  poet.  Few  men  (says  the  Leedt  Mercury) 
were  better  known  in  the  North  of  England  than 
Mr.  Story,  whose  productions  were  very  popular, 
and  often  appeared  in  the  local  newspapers.  He 
was  born  in  Northumberland,  about  the  year 
1797,  and  when  about  twenty-five  years  of  ago 
came  as  a  schoolmaster  to  Oargrave,  where  he 
resided  many  years,  and  where  his  choicest  works 
were  written.  In  1843,  the  late  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
for  his  poetical  merits,  appointed  him  to  a  situa- 
tion in  the  Audit-office,  Someraet^bouse,  which 

Gbkt.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX 


he  held  until  his  death.  His  works  have  passed 
through  many  editions,  and  about  two  years  since 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  at  the  expense  of 
several  hundred  pounds,  enabled  him  to  bring 
out  a  splendid  illustrated  edition,  which  was  ra- 
pidly disposed  of.  His  wife  was  a  native  of  Cra- 
ven, of  the  name  of  Ellison :  she  and  three  chil- 
dren survive  him. 

At  the  residence  of  his  father,  KilHaey-house, 
CO.  Dublin,  aged  35,  Henry  Droz  Gaynor,  esq., 
Capt.  of  the  Durham  regiment  of  Milida. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  62,  John  Roberts, 
esq.,  late  of  Borzell,  Tioehurst,  Sussex ;  and  on 
the  9th  inst.,  aged  56,  Sarah,  his  wife. 

July  8.  At  Oran,  Algeria,  aged,  according  Ui 
the  civil  register,  113,  AIssa-Mohamed,  of  that 
province. 

July  9.  At  Rickling,  Essex,  aged  79,  Frances, 
relict  of  John  Phillipps  Judd,  esq. 

July  10.  At  New-cross,  aged  78,  John  Curtis, 
esq.,  late  of  Fox-grove,  Kingsclere,  Hants. 

At  Corctorphine-lodge,  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight, 
aged  69,  James  Player  Lind,  esq.,  M.D.,  late  of 
Wadham  College,  Oxford,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  the  county  of  Hants,  and  many  years  Chair- 
man of  the  Bench  of  Magistrates  at  Ryde. 

At  Castleton,  Sherborne,  aged  77,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Richard  Worsley,  esq.,  of  Blandford. 

July  11.  At  Charlcombe-rectory,  near  Bath, 
Eliza  Lucilla,  wife  of  Capt.  Michell  H.  Fagan, 
late  of  H.M.'s  64th  Regt 

At  Carlsruhe,  Duchy  of  Baden,  from  an  aod- 
dent,  aged  20,  Herbert  Edward,  second  son  of 
Frederick  VuUiamy,  esq.,  of  Ipswich. 

Aged  70,  John  Toone,  esq.,  surgeon,  for  forty- 
six  years  a  resident  in  Salisbury. 

July  12.  At  Clevedon,  Somerset,  Jane,  widoi^ 
of  the  Rev.  John  Francis  Edwards,  late  Rector  of 
Holme,  Norfolk. 

Aged  69,  Richard  Newman  esq.,  of  the  Priory, 
Kersey,  for  many  years  Chairman  of  the  Cosford 
Board  of  Guardians. 

At  Lyons,  M.  Chervannes,  an  artist  whose 
works  have  attracted  much  attention  at  the  ex- 
hibitions in  that  city. 

Juiy  18.  At  Bath,  aged  64,  Catherine,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Daniel  Trollope, 
Rector  of  Frome  Vanohurch,  Dorset. 

At  Horkstow,  aged  96,  Ann,  widow  of  Col. 
Tuftiell,  and  previously  relict  of  the  late  Admiral 
the  Hon.  T.  Shirley. 

July  14.  At  the  Bound-wood,  Ipswich,  aged 
76,  William  Frederick  Sefarelber,  esq. 

July  15.  At  Mount-house,  Sberfield,  Hanti, 
aged  67,  Frances  Caroline,  dau.  of  the  late  Thos. 
Harnett,  esq.,  of  Thrognall,  near  Sittiagbonme, 
Kent,  and  wife  of  Edward  Phillips,  of  Kingston- 
upon-Thames,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Phillips,  Incumbent  of  East  Tytherley, 
Hants. 

Aged  19,  Eliza  Ingleden,  wife  of  Edward  Tem- 
ple, esq.,  of  Worsall,  only  dau.  of  the  Ute  Henry 
Chapman,  esq.,  of  Neisham-hill,  Darlington,  and 
Miokleover. 

At  Byng-pl.,  Gordon-sq.,  aged  42,  Emily,  wifs 
of  J.  C.  D.  Bevan,  esq. 

At  FreemMitle-TUliii  Horten,  near  Dminster, 


824 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


Somerset,  aged  73,  Miss  Smith,  dan.  of  the  late 
Freeman  Smith,  esq.,  of  Bristol. 

Aged  84,  George  Gregory,  esq.,  of  Harlaxton, 
Lincolnshire,  and  Willesborough,  Kent. 

At  Bideford,  aged  21,  Fanny  Turner,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Cole,  esq.,  of  Gammaton, 
Bideford. 

At  Cintra,  Fanny  Anne,  the  wife  of  B.  Briscoe 
Frend,  esq.,  of  Dononghmore  and  Eathurd,  co. 
Limerick. 

At  Norrkoping,  Sweden,  aged  69,  Mary  Inglis 
Hamilton  Payne,  wife  of  the  Hon.  F.  W.  von 
Stierneman. 

July  16.  At  Upper  Norwood,  aged  50,  the  Rev. 
John  Sortain,  minister  of  North-street  Chapel, 
Brighton.  Mr.  Sortain  was  a  very  remarkable 
man,  and  overcame  in  a  very  striking  way  the 
defect  of  a  very  weak  and  unmusical  voice.  He 
had  great  powers  of  description  and  command  of 
language,  and  although,  like  Robert  Hall,  he 
appeared  somewhat  cold  and  commonplace  at 
the  commencement  of  his  discourse,  as  he  ad- 
vanced he  riveted  the  attention,  engaged  the 
mind,  and  affected  the  heart  in  a  most  remark- 
able degree.  He  was  also  a  good  mathematician, 
a  modern  linguist,  and  a  fair  Hebrew  scholar. 

At  his  residence,  Green-park,  Bath,  aged  84, 
Benjamin  Gray,  esq. 

At  Halifax,  the  Hon.  Brenton  Halliburton, 
Chief  Justice  of  Nova  Scotia. 

July  17.  At  his  residence,  Anderton,  near  De« 
vonport,  aged  67,  Rear-Adm.  William  F.  Lapidge. 
He  entered  the  navy  Nov.  10, 1803,  as  first-class 
volunteer,  on  board  the  "  Plantagenet,"  74, 
Capt.  Hon.  Michael  De  Courcy,  and  served  on 
the  Channel  station  until  July,  1807.  He  was  in 
the  expeditions  to  Copenhagen  and  Walcheren, 
and  was  on  board  the  "  Impdrieuse"  at  the  de- 
struction, June  27,  1812,  of  a  French  convoy 
under  the  batteries  of  Languelia  and  Alassio; 
and  he  was  in  her  on  the  17  th  of  the  ensuing 
iugu^t,  in  a  spirited  skirmish  with  a  Neapolitan 
squadron  in  the  Bay  of  Naples.  In  1833,  Captain 
Lapidge  obtained  command  of  the  "  Ringdove," 
16.  The  services  performed  by  him  in  that  vessel 
on  the  north  coast  of  Spain,  particularly  at  the 
defence  of  Portugalete  and  the  siege  of  Bilbao  in 
November  and  December,  1836,  were  acknow- 
ledged by  the  Queen  Regent,  who  created  him  a 
Commander  of  Isabella  la  Catolica,  and  pre- 
sented him  with  the  second  class  of  San  Fernando. 
He  attained  post-rank  Jan.  6,  1837,  but  did  not 
leave  the  "  Ringdove"  until  the  following  April. 
His  last  appointment  was,  Nov.  23,  1843,  to  the 
<*  Cyclops"  steam-frigate,  in  which  be  was  em- 
ployed on  particular  service,  and  on  the  south- 
east coast  of  America  and  Channel  stations,  until 
paid  off  at  the  commencement  of  1847. 

Aged  67,  William  F.  Morgan,  esq.,  of  Wood- 
lands, Twerton. 

Aged  105,  James  Coyle,  a  patient  at  St.  Pa- 
trick's (Swift's)  Hospital,  Dublin.  He  was  ad- 
mitted May  28,  1802,  in  hiy  forty-eighth  year, 
and  was  for  upwards  of  fifty-eight  years  an  in- 
mate of  the  institution. 

Suddenly,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  T.  Scoons,  esq., 
of  Key-8t.,  near  Bittingboome,  and  second  dau. 


of  Capt.  S.  Hilton,  R.A.,  Trafalgar-house,  Sel- 
ling. 

At  Dinan,  aged  100,  Marie  Anne  Fran9ol8e, 
relict  of  Franfoise  Geffelot,  Count  de  Marigny, 
and  sister  of  Chateaubriand.  Her  hundredth 
birthday  had  just  been  celebrated  by  her  friends, 
when  she  was  in  good  health,  but  she  experi- 
enced a  sudden  attack  of  influenza  shortly  after, 
which  proved  fatal.  Madame  de  Marigny  pos- 
sessed much  of  the  varied  talents  of  her  illustri- 
ous brother,  but  was  even  more  distinguished  for 
her  piety  and  charity.  For  twelve  years  she  had 
had  her  own  tomb  ready  prepared  for  herself,  in 
granite ;  and,  when  her  funeral  took  place,  most 
of  the  inhabitants  joined  the  members  of  her 
family  on  the  occasion,  and  the  clergy  of  the 
town  and  the  religious  orders  and  charitable 
societies  of  the  neighbourhood  were  in  fUll  at- 
tendance. 

July  18.  At  Upper  Camden-placc,  Bath,  after 
a  lingering  illness,  aged  25,  Wm.  Augustus  Fry, 
of  Weston-road,  late  of  the  11th  Hussars.  The 
deceased  went  through  the  Crimean  campaign, 
(where  he  contracted  the  illness  from  which  he 
never  recovered,)  for  which  he  received  a  medal 
and  four  clasps,  and  was  one  of  the  fortunate  few 
who  survived  the  gallant  charge  at  Balaklava, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded. 

At  Eynsbami,  Oxon,  aged  71,  Mr.  Samuel  Druce, 
an  eminent  agriculturist,  for  many  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Coimcil  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  So- 
ciety of  England,  from  the  direction  of  which  he 
only  withdrew  at  the  last  general  meeting  in 
May,  when  his  son  was  elected  to  take  his  place. 
At  Eaft  Southernhay,  Exeter,  Eugene  Browne^ 
esq.,  H.P.  91st  Regt. 

At  Freshford,  near  Bath,  aged  75,  Margaret, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Romer,  esq.,  of 
Ber  wick-upon-T  weed. 

At  Crosby-green,  West  Derby,  Liverpool,  aged 
32,  Caroline,  wife  of  William  Poulsom,  and  dan. 
of  the  late  Bfr.  Samuel  Helps  of  Bath. 

Aged  66,  G.  C.  Heath,  esq,,  Senior  Fellow  of 
King's  College,  Cambridge. 

J%Uy  19.  At  Yerderonne  on  the  Gise,  aged  81, 
Gen.  Count  Felix  d'Andlau. 

At  his  residence.  Green-park,  Bath,  Lieat.- 
Gen.  Wemyss,  C.B.,  Col.  of  H.M.'s  17th  Regt.  of 
Foot.  The  deceased  had  nearly  completed  his 
60th  year  of  service  in  the  army,  his  commiasiofn 
as  ensign  being  dated  in  October,  1800.  He  ac- 
companied the  Walcheren  expedition  in  1809, 
and  the  following  year  proceeded  to  the  Penin- 
sula as  major  of  brigade  to  the  brigade  under 
Lord  Howard,  composed  of  the  50th.  7  lit,  and 
92nd  Regiments,  with  which  he  served  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war  until  its  final  em- 
barkation at  Bordeaux  in  1814 ;  and  was  wounded 
at  Donna  Maria,  and  at  St.  Pierre.  Subsequently 
he  served  with  his  regiment,  the  99th,  in  India, 
In  1838  he  was  made  a  Companion  of  the  Order 
of  the  Bath,  and  had  received  the  silver  war- 
medal  and  seven  clasps  for  Fuentes  d'Onor,  Vit- 
toria,  Pyrenees,  Nivclle,  Nivc,  Orthes  and  Toa- 
louse.  In  May,  1854,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  17th  Regt.  of  Foot.  His  oommissionfl  bore 
date,— ensign,  Oct.  1800}  lieutenant,  Marok  1, 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


325 


1804;  captain,  Nov.  30,  1806;  major,  June  21, 
1813  ;  licut.-col.,  Jan.  21,  1819 ;  colonel,  Jan.  10, 
1837  ;  major-gen.,  Nov.  9,  1846;  and  lieut.-gen., 
June  20,  1854. 

At  Dilham,  aged  70,  William  Mattison,  esq. 

At  Yarmouth,  aged  69,  Geo.  Wells  Holt,  esq., 
solicitor. 

In  Rascn-lane,  Newport,  near  Lincoln,  aged 
77,  Miss  Nelson,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Nelson, 
Vicar  of  Owersby,  and  niece  to  the  late  John  Nel- 
son, a  minor  canon  of  Lincoln  Cathedral. 

At  sea,  on  board  H.M.S.  "Doris,"  aged  24, 
Lieut.  J.  W.  Leslie  Oakcs,  second  son  of  the  late 
J.  C.  T.  Oakcs,  esq.,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev. 
James  Oakes,  of  Tostock. 

At  Newport,  Barnstaple,  aged  44,  Howard  R. 
Bank»,  esq.,  late  surgeon  of  H.M.S.  "  Cumber- 
land," Sheemess. 

At  Alton  Pancras-vicarage,  Dorset,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Handley. 

At  Brussels,  aged  72,  Edward  H.  Lloyd  Wil- 
liams, esq.,  of  Government-park,  Cardiganshire, 
Deputy- Lieut,  of  the  county  of  Stafford. 

At  Lamberhurst,  aged  68,  Maria,  relict  of  £.  J. 
Whittle,  esq.,  M.D. 

July  20.  At  Spa,  Belgium,  aged  44,  Philip 
Frederick,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Sir  John  Courte- 
nay  Ilonywood,  hart.,  of  Evington,  Kent. 

At  Lofthouse-hall,  near  Wakefield,  aged  67, 
Catherine,  wife  of  Parsons  Ramskill,  esq. 

Aged  84,  John  Walmesley,  esq.,  of  Dewlish- 
house,  Dorchester. 

At  Green  Royd,  Ripon,  Sarah  Bradney,  wife  of 
Capt.  Wm.  Slaptcr  Smith,  Adjutant  of  the  York- 
shire Hussars,  and  formerly  of  the  13th  Light 
Dragoons  and  10th  Hussars. 

At  Bridge  of  Allan,  aged  40,  George  C.  Balfour, 
esq.,  of  IXc^ombe,  Advocate.  Mr.  Balfour  was 
born  at  Cliffdale,  in  the  island  of  Shapinsay,  in 
1819 ;  he  studied  law  in  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  passed  as  an  advocate  in  the  year 
1853.  Mr.  Balfour  was  proprietor  of  Hescombe 
and  Holland,  in  the  island  of  Stronsay,  and  was  a 
most  liberal  and  excellent  landlord.  Mr.  Bal- 
four had  a  fine  literary  taste,  and  was  a  contribu- 
tor to  "  Blackwood's  Magazine,"  his  last  article  in 
which  appeared  only  a  few  months  ago. — Orkney 
Herald. 

July  21.  At  the  residence  of  his  mother,  South- 
sea,  aged  22,  Henry  Fitzwilliam  Halifax,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Brigadier  Halifax,  formerly  Lieut.- 
Col.  cooimanding  H.M.'s  75th  Foot. 

At  her  residence,  Oxford-road,  Reading,  aged 
72,  Apphia  Brough  Stiff,  the  last  dau.  of  the  late 
ThoB.  Stiff,  esq.,  surviving  her  sister  only  eight 
weeks. 

At  the  Parsonage-house,  Chilton-Polden,  So- 
merset, Cecilia,  wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  C.  H.  Haw- 
kins, Incumbent  of  that  parish,  and  fourth  dau. 
of  the  late  Denis  More,  esq.,  M.D. 

At  Woodhill,  near  Olterboume,  aged  63,  Han- 
nah, widow  of  the  late  Wm.  Potts  Hedley,  esq.. 

At  his  residence.  Parade,  Northampton,  aged 
70,  George  Barry,  esq.,  J.P. 

At  Penzance,  aged  34,  Augustus  F.  Spry,  esq. 

At  Hartington -vicarage,  ag^cd  71,  Anne,  widow 
of  Thos.  Pearson,  esq.,  of  Sonthwingficld. 


In  London,  aged  82,  Edward  Degge  Sitwell^ 
esq.,  of  Stainsby-housc,  co.  Derby. 

At  his  residence,  Colleton-crescent,  William 
Hobson  Furlong,  esq. 

July  22.  At  St.  Helier's,  Jersey,  of  consump- 
tion, aged  38,  Emily  Anne,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
S.  B.  Brasher,  Incumbent  of  St  Stephen's,  South 
Shields. 

At  Rathmines-road,  Dublin,  Florence,  young- 
est dau.  of  Lieut. -Col.  Harris,  Staff  Officer  of 
Pensioners,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  George 
Howell,  esq.,  of  Dublin. 

At  Bridlington-quay,  aged  68,  George  Look- 
ing, esq.,  secretary  to  the  Hull  and  Selby  Rail- 
way Company. 

In  Victoria-st.,  Westminster,  aged  37,  Mary 
Ann,  wife  of  Henry  Decimus  Ilderton,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  the  comer  of  Chancery-lane, 
Fleet-st.,  Mr.  Joseph  Ede,  the  well-known  robe- 
maker  to  the  Queen  and  Royal  Family.  Mr. 
Ede,  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  court  robe- 
maker,  was  ft-equcntly  in  attendance  upon  the 
Sovereign  on  occasions  of  public  investiture; 
a  Chapter  of  the  Most  Honourable  Order  of  the 
Grarter  or  of  the  Bath  could  not  be  said  to  be 
complete  without  his  portly  form,  engaged  in 
his  duties  of  apparelling  tiie  knights.  But 
though  used  to  occasions  of  state  and  ceremony, 
he  was  in  his  nature  and  disposition  but  a  plain 
man  himself,  free  from  any  pretence  and  osten- 
tation ;  and  when  his  friends  nominated  him  for 
the  o^ce  of  Common  Councilman,  he  declined, 
contenting  himself  with  the  more  lucrative  one, 
we  may  suppose,  of  robe-maker  to  the  Corpora- 
tion of  London.  Those  who  best  knew  the  late 
Mr.  Ede  were  those  who  could  the  fullest  appre- 
ciate his  many  sterling  qualities  and  private  vir- 
tues.— City  Press, 

July  23.  At  Ringwood,  Hants,  Marianne,  only 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Geo.  Reade,  esq.,  of 
Alderholt-park,  Dorset. 

At  Cambridge,  aged  21,  Walter  Campbell,  esq., 
scholar  of  Trinity  College,  eldest  son  of  C.  Camp- 
bell, esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister-at-law. 

Aged  36,  John  Mair  Lawaon,  esq.,  of  Anstin 
Friars,  solicitor. 

At  Poyle  College,  near  Stanwell,  Middlesex, 
aged  53,  Maria,  wife  of  Joseph  Bland,  esq.,  and 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  S.  Hemming,  D.D.,  of 
Hampton,  Middlesex. 

July  24.  In  Yictoria-park-road,  South  Hack- 
ney, aged  80,  Robert  Bratton,  esq. 

At  Islington,  J.  B.  Silver,  esq.,  surgeon,  late  of 
the  Bombay  Army,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
S.  Silver,  Vicar  of  All  Saints',  Fulboum,  Camba. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  80,  Mary,  widow  of  Thos. 
Pycroft,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  of  Gro«venor-pL, 
Bath. 

At  Grove-lodge,  Hayes,  Middlesex,  aged  64, 
Ann,  wife  of  James  Oliver,  esq.,  and  second  dan. 
of  the  late  Joseph  Reed,  esq.,  of  Humshaugh , 
Northumberland. 

At  Brighton,  aged  SO,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Silvertop. 
The  deceased  lady,  third  dan.  of  Lord  Camoys, 
was  married  in  August,  1852,  to  Henry  Charles 
Silvertop,  esq.,  of  Minster  Acres,  Northumber- 
land.   By  her  decease  the  noble  Catholic  fiuni- 


326 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


li«8  of  Stonor,  Towneley,  Biddalph,  Blount,  fto., 
are  placed  in  mourning. 

Aged  78,  lieut-Col.  Horton,  of  Leamington, 
and  of  Moseley-ball,  Staffordahire,  a  Deputy- 
Lieutenant  of  the  eounty. 

At  St.  Helier'g,  Jeraey,  John  Strangeways 
Donaldson  Selby,  esq.,  formerly  of  Chiswick, 
Northumberland. 

At  Worthing,  aged  8S,  Edmund  K.  0.  Bacon, 
esq..  Commander  R.N. 

Quite  suddenly,  at  Epinal,  whither  he  had  re- 
tired, M.  Henry,  formerly  prefect  of  Ille  and 
YUaine. 

July  25.  At  the  R.N.  Hospital,  Plymouth, 
aged  24,  Catherine  Isabella,  second  dau.  of  Capt. 
Henry  Lister,  Superintendent  of  the  R.  W.  Yio- 
tualling-yard,  Plymouth. 

At  Bathampton,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Mary  Morriee, 
of  Pulteney-st,  Bath,  widow  of  John  Morrioe, 
esq. 

Aged  80,  Hannah,  wife  of  Ely  Bates,  esq.,  J.P., 
of  West-hill,  Halifax,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rer. 
J.  Cockin,  of  the  same  place. 

July  26.  At  Paignton,  the  residence  of  her 
father,  Richard  Adams,  esq.,  Margaret,  wife  of 
T.  Rutland,  esq.,  of  Diptford-coort,  near  Totnes. 

From  paralysis,  Marianne,  wife  of  Robert  Fox, 
esq.,  of  Faleonhurst,  Cowden,  Kent. 

At  Cleethorpes,  of  paraljraia,  aged  59,  Wm. 
Stow,  esq.,  late  of  Paris. 

At  Clifton,  (at  the  residenoe  of  his  sister,  Mrs. 
Christy,)  aged  65,  John  Tate,  esq.,  late  of  South- 
tea,  Portsmouth. 

At  Clifton,  near  York,  aged  68,  James  Richard- 
son, esq.,  solicitor,  of  Yoric.  The  deceased  waa 
the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rer.  J.  Rkbardson, 
anb-chanter  of  York  Minster.  During  his  life- 
time he  was  a  city  commissioner,  councillor, 
alderman,  and  finally  Lord  Mayor  of  York,  in 
1848,  when  he  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  the 
Prince  Consort  daring  his  visit  to  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society's  meeting.  He  was  a  go- 
yemor  of  the  County  Asylum,  a  director  of  the 
York  Dispensary,  a  manager  and  trustee  of  the 
York  Savings*  Bank,  and  in  various  other  ci^- 
dties  he  aided  numerous  local  institutions.  The 
erection  of  the  De  Grey  Rooms,  and  the  advan- 
tages resulting  therefrom,  were  mainly  secured 
through  his  perseverance  and  influence.  He 
also  took  an  active  part  in  promoting  the  resto- 
ration of  the  dty  walls.  His  last  efforts  were 
directed  to  the  contemplated  improved  approach 
to  the  cathedral,  in  connexion  with  the  bridge 
ovCT  the  Ouse  at  Lendal ;  he  cordially  co-operat- 
ed with  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  York  in  the 
furtherance  of  that  project.  Mr.  Richardson  was 
a  Conservative,  and  was  election-agent  for  Sir  J. 
H.  Lowther  during  his  representation  of  the  city 
of  York,  and  of  the  Hon.  Ool.  Duncombe,  who 
lately  sat  for  the  North  Riding.  —  ForJb«A»r« 
Oauette, 

July  27.  At  Weymouth,  aged  54,  Mi^or  William 
Penry  Simpson,  C.B. 

At  Little  Efford,   Devon,  aged  53,  Franoee 
Goddard,  wife  of  George  WilUam  Soltau,  esq., 
and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thos.  Culme, 
Tot^mi,  near  Plymouth. 


At  the  Moseley  Arms  Hotel,  Manchester,  after 
a  short  illness,  aged  80,  Alfred  L.  Dickens,  esq., 
C.E.,  of  the  General  Board  of  Health,  Whitehall. 

At  Abbey-ter.,  Whitby,  aged  80,  Garlics  Croaby 
Maitland,  esq. 

In  King's>road,  Brighton,  aged  29,  Captain 
Edward  V\  iUonghby,  of  H.M.'s  Bengal  Artillery, 
from  the  effiects  of  wounds  received  June  28« 
1857,  at  the  stormiog  of  Balabeta,  Central  India. 

At  Bath,  Philippa,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Alex. 
Bassett,  of  Great  Cheverlll-house,  Wilts. 

At  Norwich,  aged  93,  Ann,  widow  of  Capt. 
John  Annison,  Great  Yarmouth. 

July  28.  At  Lansdowne-crescent,  Cheltenhani, 
(the  residence  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.Wylde,)  aged 
85,  Frances  Maria,  widow  of  Lieut.-Col.  John 
Macdonald,  of  Summerlands,  Exeter,  and  dan. 
of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Chambers,  formerly  Chief 
Justice  of  Bengal. 

At  Hessle,  aged  40,  Mary,  wife  of  Thos.  Wm. 
Morley,  esq.,  of  Hull. 

At  Shrewton,  Frances  Anne,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  Matthews,  Viear  of  that  place. 

At  Bath,  aged  78,  Elisabeth,  relict  of  the  Rer. 
Edward  Jones,  of  Hay-hill,  and  Nasa-houae, 
Gloucentershire. 

At  his  residence,  Portway,  Warminster,  aged 
77,  Mr.  WUUam  Daniell. 

At  Washington,  aged  74,  Mr.  Joseph  Gales,  a 
celebrated  printer.  He  was  a  native  of  Sheflield, 
which  place  the  family  left  in  his  yoath,  in  eon- 
sequence  of  his  father  being  prosecuted  for  ihm 
publication  of  "  Jacobinical  opinions''  during  the 
first  French  revolution.  At  first  they  settled  in 
Philadelphia,  but  afterwards  they  removed  to 
Washington,  where  the  deceased,  with  his  part- 
ner, under  the  firm  of  Gales  and  Beaton,  were 
tiie  national  printers,  employed  by  Oovemment 
and  the  Congress.— ^m^riean  Paptr. 

At  Paris,  aged  47,  M.  Alphonae  Lanvray,  who 
for  several  years  had  the  managnnent  of  the 
financial  and  commercial  articles  in  La  FresM. 

July  29.  At  Bfiddleham,  aged  88,  Mr.  John 
Morgan,  sen.,  farmer,  a  tenant  under  the  late 
Col.  Wood  sixty-eight  years  for  land  at  Middle- 
ham.  He  was  Inspector  of  weights  and  measures 
for  the  Division  of  Hang  West,  in  the  North 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  for  upwards  of  forty-ei^ 
years. 

At  her  resldenee  In  Brooklyn,  New  York,  agei 
43,  Madame  Emllie  Zulavaky  Kossuth,  abter  o 
Louis  Kossuth.    She  eame  to  America  with  her 
brother  in  1851. 

At  Landport- house,  Pcntsea,  Mary  Anne,  wifb 
of  Bftaj.-Gen.  Foster,  commanding  Royal  Engi- 
neers in  the  south-western  district,  and  eUeat 
dau.  of  the  Ute  Blohard  Brtton,  esq.,  of  Great 
Berwick,  Salop. 

At  Osbome-villaa,  Stoke,  EUaabeth,  wife  of 
Capt.  Addis,  R.N. 

At  Newton,  aged  92,  Miss  Gaye. 

At  Llanberiis,  Wales,  aged  58,  B.  Hartley,  esq., 
of  Allangate,  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 

At  his  residence  at  Wimbledon,  Gen.  the  Hoe. 
Sir  Henry  Murray,  K.G.B.,  Colonel  of  the  14th 
Light  Dxagoona.  He  waa  one  of  the  few  aar- 
viving  Waterloo  offioeia,  and  had  been  lixty 


I860.] 


Obitdary. 


827 


years  in  the  army,  his  comxnissicHi  as  comet 
dating  as  far  hack  as  May,  1800. 

July  30.  At  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb,  St.  Leonard's,  Exeter,  aged  17,  Walter, 
eldest  son  of  Dr.  Scott. 

In  Alfrcd-st.,  Plymouth,  aged  60,  Malcolm 
McLennan,  esq.,  late  of  Adelaide,  South  Aus- 
tralia. 

At  Bareppa-house,  Mawnan,  aged  37,  E.  J.  B. 
Rogers,  esq.,  solicitor,  Penryn,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  £.  Rogers,  Vicar  of  Constantine,  for 
many  years  Town  Clerk  of  Penryn. 

Aged  58,  Frederick  Augustus  Carrington,  esq., 
F.A.S.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn-fields,  and  Ogboume  St. 
George,  Wilts,  barrister  of  the  Oxford  Circuit, 
Recorder  of  Wokingham,  D.L.  for  Berks,  and 
J.P.  foi-  Wilts. 

At  Money-hill,  Hertfordshire,  after  years  of 
severe  illness,  Maria,  wife  of  Thomas  Edward 
Fielder,  esq.,  late  of  Kyre,  Worcestershire,  and 
Uartham-park,  Wilts. 

John  Uaminill,  esq.,  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the 
Marylebone  police-court,  who  only  received  his 
appointment  in  January  last,  upon  the  retirement 
of  Mr.  Long.  The  deceased,  who  was  evidently 
unwell,  and  complained  of  a  pain  in  the  side 
when  he  came  to  business  in  the  morning,  dis- 
posed of  several  night  charges,  and  did  duty  up 
to  twelve  o'clock,  when  be  was  unable  to  proceed 
further,  and  went  home  in  a  cab.  At  half-past 
six  in  the  evening  he  ceased  to  exist.  Mr.  Ham- 
mill,  who  formerly  presided  at  the  Worship-st. 
Police-court,  was  an  excellent  magistrate  and  a 
kind-hearted  man. 

In  Euston-road,  Wm.  Rendall,  esq.  He  was 
surgeon  in  the  army  in  the  Peninsula  under  the 
Duke  of  Wellington ;  he  also  served  in  the  Wal- 
cheren  Expedition,  and  in  Canada. 

July  31.  At  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  (Mr. 
R.  W.  Anderson,  St.  Martin's,  Coney-st.,  Yoik,) 
aged  87,  Mr.  Jos.  Williams,  formerly  of  London. 

At  his  residence,  Rore- villa,  Exeter,  aged  55, 
Alfred  Lester,  esq.,  solicitor. 

At  the  Marine-hotel,  Worthing,  in  his  second 
year,  Lord  Burghersh,  elder  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Westmoreland. 

Aged  38,  Mrs.  Spooner,  wife  of  Chas.  Spooner, 
esq.,  of  Porthmadoc. 

At  Clent-grove,  aged  81,  Mary,  last  surviving 
sisti-r  of  the  late  Thos.  Liell,  esq. 

Aged  74,  John  Flatten,  esq.,  of  Lynn.  He  was 
in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the  borough, 
and  served  the  office  of  Mayor  three  times. 

In  Uenrietta-st.,  Bdth,  aged 58,  Col.  J.  Cooper, 
of  the  7th  Bombay  Native  Infantry. 

At  Codford  St.  Peter,  aged  45,  Margaretta, 
wife  of  Isaac  Flower,  esq.,  surgeon,  and  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Cooper,  esq.,  solicitor,  of 
Salisbury. 

At  Clay-hill-cottage,  Beckenbam,  aged  62,  L. 
Schillio,  esq. 

Lately.  A  Milanese  nobleman  named  Calde- 
rara,  leaving  his  whole  fortune,  amounting  to 
C,000,000f.,  to  the  principal  hospital  of  Milan. 
His  sole  food  had  fur  years  consisted  of  half- 
starved  rabbits,  and  about  a  hundred  of  these 
animals  were  discovered  running  wild  about  the 


house  in  which  he  died.  A  few  weeks  before 
his  death  this  Italian  Elwes,  who  lived  in  the 
most  perfect  seclusion,  and  in  a  state  of  misery 
and  filth  which  defies  description,  was  visitrd  by 
a  deputation  charged  with  the  office  of  collecting 
subscriptions  for  Garibaldi  and  the  Sicilian 
cause.  At  this  application  he  opened  his  eyes 
very  wide,  and  protested  that  he  had  never 
heard  either  of  the  cause  or  of  the  man.  **  It  is 
only  lately,"  he  added,  **  and  by  a  mere  accident, 
that  he  had  been  informed  that  the  Austrians 
were  no  longer  in  Milan." 

At  the  Hotel  Dieu,  St.  Qucntin,  aged  100, 
Joseph  Lallement,  a  native  of  Hungary,  who  was 
made  a  prisoner  of  war  under  the  first  Republic, 
and  afterwards  settled  in  France. 

At  Havannah,  aged  106,  Donna  Maria-Trinidad- 
Garrido,  widow  of  an  officer  in  the  Spanish  navy. 

At  Amsterdam,  aged  39,  Pietro  Boccomini,  a 
Roman  tragic  actor,  who  formed  part  of  the 
Ristori  company.  In  1849  he  received  two  stabi 
with  a  dagger  a  little  below  the  heart,  and  at  his 
cries  the  murderer  ran  away,  exclaiming,  **  My 
God !  I  have  mistaken  my  man."  Boccomiid 
never  completely  recovered  from  the  effects  of 
his  wounds,  the  author  of  which  could  never  be 
found. 

At  Frankfort,  Count  de  Jun-et-Enyphansen* 
the  Hanoverian  Minister  at  Berlin. 

At  Toul  (Meurthe),  Baron  Firmin  Gouvion, 
the  last  representative  of  one  of  the  oldest  fami- 
lies in  that  district.  The  Moniteur  de  la  Meurthe 
mentions  that  he  has  bequeathed  the  whole  of 
his  property  to  the  poor  of  Toul,  amounting, 
after  the  payment  of  several  legacies,  to  450,000f. 

Rear-Adm.  Sir  John  Hindmarsh.  He  entered 
the  navy  in  1793,  served  in  the  *' Bellerophon" 
in  Lord  Howe's  action,  June  1,  1794,  in  Com- 
wallis'  retreat,  and  at  the  battle  of  the  Nile.  For 
his  conduct  in  this  last  action  he  received  the 
esppcial  thanks  of  Lord  Nelson,  and  was  pre- 
sented with  a  sword  by  the  officers  of  his  own 
ship.  He  served  under  Sir  James  Saumarez  in 
the  battles  of  Algesiras  and  the  Straits  of  Gibral- 
tar, and  as  lieutenant  at  Trafalgar.  He  served 
at  Flushing,  and  at  the  capture  of  several  of  the 
West  India  Islands,  as  well  as  under  Lord  Coch- 
rane in  the  Basque  Roads.  Sir  John  was  the 
first  governor  of  the  colony  of  South  Australia, 
and  had  received  a  medal  and  seven  clasps. 

Aug  1.  At  his  residence  near  Southampton, 
aged  79,  General  Gustavus  Nicolls,  Colonel  Com- 
mandant, R.E.  He  had  seen  much  active  serriot 
in  early  life,  having  gone  out  with  several 
regiments  as  reinforcements  to  Gibraltar  on  the 
war  breaking  out  with  Spain  in  1796,  and  re- 
mained blockaded  in  that  fortress  two  years  and 
a  half.  In  1799  he  proceeded  to  the  West  Indies. 
In  1808  he  accompanied  Sir  George  Prevost  to 
Nova  Scotia  as  commanding  engineer,  under  ex- 
pectations of  hostilities  with  America,  and  re- 
mained thereuntil  the  war  broke  out  in  1812,  when 
he  was  actively  employed  in  the  protection  of  the 
frontiers  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick. 
He  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Morse  Island, 
Castine,  and  Belfast. 

At  the  Orange,  Leemington,  aged  65,  Lieut.- 


328 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


Col.  Pratt,  late  17th  Lancen,  second  son  of  the 
late  £.  R.  Pratt,  esq.,  of  Rjston-house. 

Aged  41,  Alfred  Back,  esq.,  of  Stratford-mills, 
Stratford  St.  Mary. 

At  Heighington,  aged  80,  Jane,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  James  Robson,  Vicar  of  Aycliffe. 

At  Brotherton,  Eleanor  Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
W,  Bulmer,  Vicar  of  Ferry  Fryston. 

At  Fountains-hall,  near  Ripon,  Mary,  wife  of 
Wm.  Mason,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  12,  Elizabeth  Gertrude,  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Dennis. 

At  Perigueux,  after  a  long  illness,  Fran9oi8- 
Odon  de  Froidcfond  de  Boulazac,  consul  of 
France  at  Adrianople. 

At  the  Grange,  Leamington,  aged  65,  Lt.-Col. 
Pratt,  late  17  th  Lancers. 

At  Oxford,  aged  75,  W.  Holiday,  esq. 

At  Glasgow,  aged  23,  Mary,  wife  of  John  E. 
Higginbotham,  esq.,  and  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Eccles,  esq.,  of  Lower  Darwen. 

Aged  41,  Miss  Vandenhoff,  after  a  sudden  but 
very  severe  attack  of  inflammation  of  the  brain. 
Though  best  known  to  the  public  by  her  maiden 
name,  this  lady  had  been  for  some  few  years 
married  to  a  Mr.  Swinboume,  a  performer  of  con- 
siderable provincial  celebrity.  Miss  Vandenhoff 
was  bom  in  the  year  1818,  and  made  her  first 
appearance  at  Drury-lane  Theatre  as  Juliet, 
April  11,  1836.  Her  histrionic  success  at  this 
theatre,  Ck)vent-grarden,  and  the  Haymarket,  was 
very  marked,  and  in  February,  1852,  she  ap- 
peared to  advantage  as  an  authoress,  her  original 
and  elegantly-written  play  of"  Woman's  Heart" 
obtaining  much  success  on  the  boards  of  the 
latter  theatre. 

Aug.  2.  At  Cockermouth-castle,  aged  70,  Gen. 
Sir  H.  Wyndbam,  second  son  of  the  third  Earl  of 
Egrcmont.  The  title  became  extinct  on  the 
death  of  tbe  fourth  Earl  in  1845 ;  but  Gen.  W>'nd- 
ham  succeeded  to  the  lordship  of  the  barony  of 
Egremont  and  the  honour  of  Cockcrmouth,  and 
other  estates.  He  was  one  of  the  surviving  Water- 
loo veterans.  On  that  memorable  field  he  distin- 
guished himself  by  an  attempt  which,  though  un- 
successful, won  him  high  fame.  He  was  a  field 
officer,  and,  seeing  the  carriage  of  Jerome  Bona- 
parte in  the  wake  of  the  general  retreat,  he  made 
a  dashing  attempt  to  capture  the  Emperor's 
brother.  But  Jerome  was  on  the  alert,  and  leaped 
out  by  one  door  while  young  Wyndbam  opened 
the  uther.  The  deceased  was  a  Conservative 
in  politics,  but  his  character  as  a  good  landlord, 
a  **  fine  old  English  gentleman,"  and  a  Waterloo 
hero,  won  him  the  respect  of  those  who  differed 
f^om  bim  in  politics.  He  was  member  for  West 
Cumberland  and  Colonel  of  the  11th  Hussars. 

Aged  73,  John  Alexander  Brand,  esq.,  of 
Lloyd-sq.,  London,  and  formerly  of  Richmond, 
Surrey. 

Aged  71,  Robert  Brewin,  esq.,  of  Birstall-hall, 
Leicestershire. 

Aged  55,  Mr.  Edward  Wolff  Chadwick,  a  soli- 
citor  in  extensive  practice  at  Long  Ashton.  The 
deceased,  who  held  the  office  of  clerk  to  the 
magistrates,  was  thrown  from  his  horse  and 
killed  as  he  was  returning  firom  Bristol. 


At  Hays-farm,  Barcombe,  aged  81,  Mr.  Wm. 
Reed.  He  had  been  churchwarden  in  Chaiiej 
and  Barcombe  nearly  fifty  years. 

At  Hastings,  aged  73,  Louisa,  widow  of  Lieat. 
Arthur  Shakespear,  R.N. 

At  Loughborough,  aged  89,  Edw.  Foebrooke, 
esq.,  surgeon,  Leicester-rd. 

Aug.  3.  At  Holme,  the  Hon.  Philip  Stourton. 
The  deceased,  who  was  bom  January  14,  1796, 
was  youngest  son  of  Charles  Philip,  sixteenth 
Baron  Stourton.  The  hon.  gentleman  married, 
July  28,  1829,  Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Howard,  by  whom  he  leaves  a  family. 

At  Oswaldwistle-parsonage,  Lancashire,  aged 
23,  Clarissa,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Boulby  Haslewood, 
M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Oswaldwistle,  and  only  sur- 
viving  child  of  the  late  Capt.  Dickens  M.  Haale> 
wood,  of  H.M.'s  14th  Regt 

At  the  agricultiiral  colony  of  Gabididre,  near 
Montmorillon,  of  which  he  was  the  founder,  the 
Abb^  Fleurimond. 

At  Devizes,  aged  25,  Mary  Louisa,  youngnt 
and  last  surviving  dau.  of  tbe  late  Jas.  Levander, 
esq.,  of  Southemhay,  Exeter. 

At  Kirkcudbright,  Margaret  Scott,  wife  of  Geo. 
Hamilton,  esq.,  and  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mail- 
land,  of  Kells. 

At  Torquay,  Anne,  wife  of  Capt  Oldmizon, 
R.N.,  and  widow  of  the  late  John  Lyon,  eeq.,  of 
Hetton-house,  co.  Durham. 

Aug.  4.  At  Bui  well,  aged  71,  C.  Allcock,  esq. 

At  Kcmpsey,  Malvern,  Martha  Jean,  youngMt 
dau.  of  the  late  Evan  Maclaurin  Smith,  M.D.,  of 
Demerara. 

At  the  residence  of  his  mother,  Marine-sq., 
Brighton,  aged  26,  Charles  George,  only  son  of 
the  late  Charles  F.  Phillips,  esq.,  of  H.M.'8  40th 
Regt. 

At  Fareham,  Hants,  aged  74,  Major-General 
Husscll  R.  Moor,  R.A. 

Aged  84,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Inglis,  D.D.,  of 
Lochrutton.  Dr.  Inglis  was  a  native  of  Loch- 
maben,  his  father  having  been  provost  of  that 
burgh.  He  was  ordained  in  1806,  and  had  thus 
for  more  tiian  half  a  century  been  a  minister  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland. 

At  Emsworth,  aged  88,  Frances,  dan.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Joseph  Holloway. 

In  Oxford-sq.,  Hyde-park,  aged  77,  Mary  Lady 
Smith,  widow  of  Sir  David  William  Smith,  hart., 
of  Alnwick. 

M.  Scipion  Mourgue,  formerly  Secretary-Oen. 
to  the  Ministry  of  the  Interior. 

At  Beyrout,  the  Rev.  Father  Leroy,  apostolic 
prefect  of  the  Lazarists  in  Egypt  and  Syria, 
and  founder  of  several  charitable  InstitutionB 
in  Alexandria,  Damascus,  and  Beyrout.  He 
was  at  Damascus  at  the  outbreak  of  the  late 
massacre,  and  was  obliged  to  seek  refUge,  with 
others  of  the  Lazarists  and  several  sisters  of 
charity,  in  the  residence  of  the  Emir  Abd-el- 
Kader,  but  fell  a  victim  to  the  fatigues  and  the 
terrible  emotions  which  he  underwent  on  this 
sad  occasion,  having  in  a  few  hours  witnessed 
the  destmction  by  fire  of  the  hospital,  the  eon- 
vent,  and  church  which  he  had  mainly  helped  in 
erecting  at  Damascus. 


I860.] 


Obitoaky. 


329 


At  his  residence,  Upper  Brook-8t.,  Grosvenor- 
sq.,  aj?cd  77,  William  Kerry,  esq. 

At  Kenpin^rton,  aged  81,  Ann,  widow  of  the 
late  James  Gillinan,  e»q.,  of  Highgate. 

In  Clarendon-rd.,  Kensington-park,  aged  37, 
Archibald  Wm.  Dickson,  late  Capt.  H.M.'s  17th 
Foot. 

Aged  42,  Baron  Dickinson  Webster,  esq.,  of 
Pcnns,  Sutton  Coldficld.  He  was  present  at  the 
review  of  the  Volunteers  in  Calthorpc-park  in 
July  last  as  one  of  the  staff  of  Lord  Leigh.  On 
that  day  he  rode  over  ftom  Penns  in  a  drenching 
storm  of  rain,  got  thoroughly  soaked,  and,  as 
was  not  unusual,  for  he  had  a  sportsman's  disre- 
gard of  personal  care,  allowed  his  clothes  to  dry 
upon  him.  A  few  days  afterwards  inflammation 
of  the  lungs  began,  and  for  nearly  a  week  previ- 
ous to  his  decease  the  fatal  result  of  the  attack 
waH  scarcely  doubtful.  He  was  a  magistrate,  and 
his  troop  of  yeomanry  was  a  model  of  good  or- 
ganization and  good  fellowship. 

At  Piddletrenthide,  Joseph  Davis,  esq. 

At  her  residence,  Emsworth,  Hants,  aged  83, 
Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Joseph 
Holloway,  of  that  place,  and  aunt  of  Mrs.  Watts, 
or  Chariot te-st,  Bath. 

At  Birkenhead,  Frederica,  relict  of  John 
Lodge,  esq.,  and  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Archibald  H.  Cathcart,  Rector  of  Kinax,  York- 
shire. 

At  Montpelier-villas,  Brighton,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Henry  Hopkins,  esq. 

Aug.  5.  At  Drayton-house,  Norfolk,  aged  75, 
Francis  Green  Bradshaw,  esq.,  a  magistrate  of 
the  CO.  of  Norfolk,  and  formerly  of  the  52nd  Foot. 
The  deceased  entered  the  army  in  January,  1805, 
and  served  with  the  6th  Dragoon  Guards  in  the 
Peninsula,  including  the  battles  of  Yittoria  and 
Toulouse,  for  which  he  received  the  war-medal 
with  two  clasps. 

Aged  58,  James  Campbell,  esq.,  of  Colet-pl., 
Commercial-rd.-east. 

At  Champs  £lys6e8,  Paris,  Count  Eugene  le 
Hon,  who  has  been  long  known  as  one  of  the  most 
zealous  patrons  of  the  turf  in  France. 

At  Bristol,  under  circimistances  of  extra- 
ordinary and  painful  interest,  Mr.  Hinchcliff, 
coroner  of  Dudley.  He  arrived  at  the  Queen's 
Hotel  on  Aug.  1  with  his  bride,  on  his 
marriage-tour.  At  night  be  betrayed  signs  of 
erratic  conduct,  left  his  wife,  and  proceeded  alone 
to  another  inn  at  the  Quayside.  Next  day  he 
sont  a  cab  for  his  baggage.  The  cabman  was 
detained,  and  Mrs.  Hinchcliff's  brother  pro- 
ceeiled  in  search  of  the  missing  bridegroom  with 
a  view  to  effect  a  reconciliation.  He  was  per- 
suaded to  return  to  the  Queen's  Hotel,  where  he 
remained  that  day  with  his  wife  and  friends. 
At  night  be  again  disappeared,  and  next  day  he 
h;ul  his  luggage  removed.  On  Saturday  night 
(Aug.  4)  he  obtained  a  lodging  at  a  house  in 
Thames-street,  Bristol,  but  early  the  next  morn- 
ing threw  himself  out  of  the  window  and  was 
killed.  In  the  dtceased's  clothes  (he  was  un- 
dresiicd  when  he  conunitted  the  fatal  act)  were 
found  £17  in  gold,  £10  in  notes,  and  some  silver 
and  copper. 


Aged  77,  Richard  Saunders,  esq..  West  Derby- 
road,  Liverpool. 

At  her  house,  Seymour-grove,  Old  Trafford, 
Manchester,  aged  76,  Frances,  widow  of  Charles 
Rickards,  of  Salford. 

At  Reading,  Isabella,  wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  E. 
Howse,  formerly  of  Lincombe-villa. 

At  Wimbledon,  General  the  Hon.  Sir  Henry 
Murray,  K.C.B.,  after  a  service  of  sixty  years. 
The  deceased  had  served  in  Italy,  Egypt,  Wal- 
chercn,  the  latter  part  of  the  Peninsular  war, 
and  Waterloo.  He  was  a  grandson  of  the  great 
Lord  Man»fleld,  and  lost  a  son,  a  captain  in  the 
Rifle  Brigade,  in  the  Cafl^  war  of  1848. 

At  Uphavcn,  Wilts,  aged  76,  Mrs.  Compton, 
wife  of  Mr.  Compton  of  Fisherton. 

In  Queen-sq.,  Bath,  aged  69,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Major  George  Pigot,  of  H.M.'s  9th  Light 
Dragoons. 

Aug.  6.  At  White  Bams,  Herts,  aged  82, 
Thomas  Hoblyn,  esq.,  F.R.S.,  of  liskeard,  Corn- 
wall, and  late  Chief  Clerk  in  H.M.'s  Treasury. 

At  Harrogate,  aged  51,  John  Mc  Kay,  esq.,  of 
Alderley  Edge,  Cheshire. 

At  his  residence,  Bloomsbury-pl.,  Brighton, 
John  King  Dingle,  esq. 

At  Leamington,  Miss  Ariana  Maria  Pensam,  of 
Gordon-st.,  Gordon-sq. 

At  the  residence  of  his  daughter,  Clevedon-at., 
Toxteth-park,  aged  78,  John  Parrott,  esq. 

At  Terally,  Kirkmaiden,  Dr.  Robert  Wilson, 
after  a  short  but  severe  attack  of  Jaundice.  Dr. 
WUson  was  formerly  in  the  7th  Hussars,  a  regi- 
ment which  he  left  to  volunteer  for  the  Crimea, 
and  he  there  put  his  name  conspicuously  and 
imperishably  on  the  page  of  history,  by  his  gal- 
lant achievement  at  the  awful  crisis  of  Inker- 
mann,  when,  by  a  daring  yet  jadicious  effort, 
he  saved  his  Royal  Highness  the  Doke  of  Cam- 
bridge from  imminent  peril. —  Wigtotctuhire  Fres 
Press. 

Aug.  7.  At  the  residence  of  her  father,  (W. 
Hawtrey,  esq.,  Frimley,  Surrey,)  of  consumption, 
aged  25,  Ann,  wife  of  Mr.  James  W.  Blackburn, 
of  Cheapside. 

At  Brompton-barracks,  Chatham,  Major  Stop- 
ford,  Adjutant  of  the  Royal  Engineers,  son  of 
Yice-Adm.  Sir  Montague  Stopford,  K.C.B.  He 
served  during  the  whole  of  the  Crimean  cam- 
paign, including  the  battles  of  Alma,  Balaklava, 
Inkermann,  and  Sebastopol,  where  he  served  as 
aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Sir  John  Burgoyne.  He 
also  superintended  the  laying  down  the  field 
elect!  ic  telegraph  in  the  Crimea.  Major  Stopford 
was  12  years  in  the  corps  of  Royal  Engineers,  his 
commissions  bearing  date,— second  lieut.,  Octo- 
ber 1, 1847;  first  lieut,  July  15,  1851;  captain, 
February  23,  1856 ;  and  major,  September  22, 
1858.  In  addition  to  the  Crimean  medal  he  was 
also  decorated  with  the  4th  class  of  the  Medjidie, 
the  Sardinian  medal,  and  the  Turkish  medal. 

Aug.  8.  At  East  Wickham,  Kent,  aged  66, 
Chevalier  Samson  Cahlmann,  of  Austin-ftiars, 
Consul-General  for  Saxe- Weimar. 

At  Shrewton,  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Matthews,  Vicar  of  that  place. 

At  Stratton,  Cornwall,  John  Dicker  Inglett, 


330 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


only  child  of  the  late  Inglett  Fortesoue,  of  Buck- 
land  Filleigh  and  Dawlisb,  Devon,  and  the  last 
male  representative  of  the  Buckland  Filleigh 
branch  of  the  Fortescue  family. 

At  Oak-grove-terr.,  Anerley,  aged  60,  William 
Bomham  Blackwell,  esq.,  formerly  of  Ashover, 
Derbyshire. 

Aged  61,  Sarah,  wife  of  J.  W.  Gowring,  esq., 
of  Aldeby-hall,  Norfolk. 

Aug.  9.  Mr.  Lucius  Brutus  Blackner,  eldest 
son  of  John  Blackner,  the  author  of  "  The  History 
of  Nottingham,"  &o.,  committed  suicide  by  hang- 
ing himself.  The  deceased  was  of  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  had  been  on  the  day  previous  to 
witness  the  execution  of  Fen  ton,  the  Walkcring- 
ham  murderer.  This  it  appears  weighed  heavily 
on  his  spirits,  and  the  next  morning  he  was  found 
hanging  by  the  neck  in  his  own  room.  He  was 
cut  down,  but  life  was  extinct. 

John  Dalbiao  Luard,  esq.,  second  son  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Luard. 

At  Winchelsea,  aged  70,  Mr.  Charles  Hill.  De- 
ceased was  governor  of  Winchelsea  gaol  for  thirty- 
seven  years. 

Aged  34,  Rosabella  Louisa  Morris,  eldest  dau. 
of  Mr.  W.  Rose,  Church-st.,  Warwick. 

At  Botesdale,  aged  94,  Ann,  wife  of  the  late 
Robt.  Flowerdew,  esq.,  of  Wortham-hall. 

At  Corbetts  Tey,  Essex,  aged  77,  T.  Price,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Toddington  -  manor,  Beds, 
aged  78,  Wm.  Dodge  Cooper  Cooper,  esq.,  Deputy- 
Lieut,  for  the  CO.  of  Bedford  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  oo.  of  Bedford  and  Middlesex  and 
the  Cinque  Ports. 

Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  William  Belt,  of  Bruns- 
wick-sq. 

Atiff.  10.  At  Totton,  near  Southampton,  aged 
38,  William  O.  S.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Gilly. 

In  London,  aged  59,  Mr.  Chas.  May,  C.E., 
F.R.S.,  F.R.A.8.,  formerly  of  Ipswich. 

At  Scirbro',  Judith  Puttering,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Basil  Beridge,  Rector  of  Algarkirke-cnm-Fosdike, 
Lincolnshire. 

At  Gloccbter-terrace,  Hyde-park,  (the residence 
of  her  brother-in-law,  J.  Thompson,  esq.,)  Mar- 
*  garet  Holmes,  wife  of  William  Clement,  esq.,  of 
Alton,  Hants. 

At  Dorset-gardens,  Brighton,  aged  58,  Eliza, 
relict  of  John  Watson,  esq.,  formerly  of  Bental- 
villa.  Lower  Clapton. 

Aug.  11.  Aged  76,  Mrs.  Webster,  Bank-hall, 
Chapel-en-le-Frith,  relict  of  O.  Webster,  esq. 

At  Uckfleld,  aged  81,  Philadelphia  Albinia 
Woodward,  only  surviving  daa.  of  the  Jate 
Rev.  George  Woodward,  Rector  of  Muresfleld. 

At  Surbiton,  Surrey,  aged  40,  Mary  Caroline, 
wife  of  Matthew  T.  Coleman,  esq. 

At  the  house  of  his  sister.  Vale-lodge,  Sutton, 
Surrey,  aged  52,  Tbeophilus  Thompson,  M.D., 
F.R.8.,  of  Upper  George-st.,  Portman-sq. 

Aug.  12.  InHeniietta-st.,  Bath,  Fanny  Louisa, 
relict  of  Capt.  Henry  Hollings,  of  the  66th  Ben- 
gal N.I. 

At  Camberwell-grcen,  Surrey,  aged  77,  Lucy 
Wale  Basnctt,  twin  with  the  late  Nathaniel  Wale 


Basnett,  and  dan.  of  the  late  Nathaniel  Bamett, 
of  the  East  India-house. 

At  the  parsonage,  Wilberfoss,  Maiy,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Holmes. 

At  Clifton,  Charlotte,  the  eldest  surviving  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Rose,  Rector  of  Beckenham, 
Kent,  and  Carshalton,  Surrey. 

At  St.  Leonnrds-on-Sea,  Miss  Catharine  Matilda 
Greatrex,  of  Park-end,  Sydenham,  second  dan.  of 
the  late  John  Greatrex,  esq.,  of  Tichfleld-house, 
Regent's-park. 

At  Bedford-pl.,  Brighton,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  J. 
Angas,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Kingston-on-Thames,  aged  76, 
Francis  Garner,  esq. 

Aug.  18.  At  the  Rectory,  Ordfall,  near  Ret- 
ford, (the  residence  of  her  brother,  the  Key. 
Thos.  King,)  aged  85,  Catherine,  dau.  of  The*. 
King,  esq.,  late  of  Sileby,  Leioestershfre. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  of  grastric  fever,  aged 
14,  the  Hon.  Gerald  John  Lambart,  son  of  tb» 
Earl  of  Cavan. 

At  Brent  Pelham-hall,  Herts,  aged  77,  Mary 
Frances  Howley,  widow  of  William,  lat^  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury. 

Aged  34,  James  Shaw,  esq.,  of  Oakhurst,  near 
Leeds,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Jas.  Shaw,  esq.,  of 
Stubbin,  Holmflrth. 

In  Brunswick-sq.,  Brighton,  aged  48,  Metcalfe 
Larken,  esq.,  late  of  the  Bombay  Civil  Service. 

Aug.  14.  At  his  residenee,  Marygate,  George 
Lawton,  jun.,  esq,,  proctor,  eldest  son  of  Georg« 
Lawton,  esq.,  of  Nunthorpe. 

At  Freshford,  aged  79,  Alice  Susanna,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  C.  Baker,  of  Freshford,  and  Reet<nr  of 
Tellisford. 

At  Brockhill,  near  Hythe,  Frances  Anne,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Allen,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  William  Toumay,  Rector  of  Denton, 
Kent. 

Aged  8,  Rokeby  James  Thomas,  eldest  son  of 
Capt.  R.  S.  W.  Jones,  2nd  W.I.  Regt. 

At  Berlin,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  firom  his 
horse,  M.  de  Beaulaincourt,  an  officer  of  cavalry, 
military  attach^  of  the  Embassy  at  that  coort 
from  France. 

Aug.  15.  AtHoniton,  aged  65,  Robert  Henry 
Aberdein,  esq.,  coroner  for  East  Devon.  The  de- 
ceased was  registrar  of  the  County  Court,  which 
office  he  held  for  many  years.  He  was  also  for 
many  years  coroner  for  the  district  of  Honiton, 
and  had  filled  the  civic  chair  in  the  years  1849, 
1855,  and  1859. 

At  Appleby,  aged  75,  John  Moore,  esq. 

At  Warminster,  aged  81,  Jane  Flower,  relict  of 
John  Hoare,  esq.,  surgeon. 

Aug.  16.  At  Paris,  whither  he  had  repaired 
for  his  health,  on  leave  of  absence,  M.  G^rardy- 
Saintine,  French  Consul  at  Erzeroum. 

At  St.  Heller's,  Jersey,  Vice-Adm.  Isaao  Haw- 
Idns  Morrison. 

Aug.  17.  At  Wootton-hall,  Warwiokshlre, 
aged  70,  the  Dowager  Lady  Smythe. 

Aug.  20.  At  Bfargate,  Henry  William  Tanered. 
esq.,  Q.C.,  Bencher  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  for 
nearly  thirty  years  M.P.  for  Banbury. 


13 


I860.] 


331 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  AND  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 

{From  the  Setumt  issued  hy  the  Registrar- General^ 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


STTPKSnrTElTDSKT 
BBOISTBABS' 

Area 

in 

Statute 

Acres 

Popula- 
tion 
in 
1851. 

Deaths  in  Districts,  &c.,  in  the  Week 
ending  Saturday, 

DI8TBICTS. 

July 

21, 

1860. 

July 

28. 

1860. 

Aug. 

4, 
1860. 

Aug. 

11, 
1860. 

Aug. 

18, 

1860. 

Mean  Temperature        •        • 

59-0 

55^ 

58-2 

56-3 

67-8 

London 

78029 

2362236 

975 

975 

1047       999 

1029 

1-6.  West  Districts   . 

7-11.  North  Districts  . 

1219.  Central  Dbtricts 

20-25.  East  Districts     . 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

10786 

13583 

1938 

6230 

45542 

876427 
490396 
893256 
485522 
616635 

168 
203 
143 
218 
243 

172 
198 
141 
211 
253 

168 
210 
169 
245 
255 

160 
190 
149 
219 
281 

147 
222 
158 
237 
265 

Deaths  Registered. 

Births  Registered. 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 

20  years 

of  Age. 

20  and 
under  40. 

40  and 
under  60. 

60  and 
under  80. 

28 
24 
33 
45 
30 

• 

1 

1 
1 

S 

1 

July       21    . 
,.        28     . 

Aug        4    . 

..        11     . 
„        18     . 

478 
527 
548 
541 
574 

136 
135 
136 
131 
136 

176 
140 
164 
134 
143 

138 
149 
159 
148 
146 

975 
975 

1047 
999 

1029 

809 
917 
921 
857 
829 

827 
868 
831 
799 
856 

16S6 
1785 
1752 
1656 
1685 

PRICE  OP  CORN. 


Average  ^    Wheat, 
of  Six     >    #.    d. 
Weeks.  J    57  10 


Barley. 
#.    d. 
33    4 


Oats. 

#.    d. 

.26    2 

1 


Rye. 
s.  d, 
41  10 


Beans. 
#.    d, 

46    4 


Peas. 
#.  d. 
41    8 


Week  ending!  59    61    34    0     1261      1449      1466      1410 
Aug.  18.   /  • 

PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Auo.  20. 
Hay,  8/.  0#.  to  hi,  6*.  —  Straw.  IL  10*.  to  \l,  18#.  —  Oover,  4?.  0#.  to  6/.  0*. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-MARKET. 
To  sink  the  Ofial — per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef 8#. 

Mutton 4ff. 

Veal 4». 


8<;.to5#.  4d. 
Od,tohs,  6d, 
2d,to^,    \d. 


Pork 3*.    8rf.  to  4ff.  lOd. 

Lamb hs,    6(2.  to  6«.    4d, 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Ana.  20. 

Beasts 4,870 

Sheep  and  Lambs  27,500 

Calves 229 

Pigs 270 


COAL-MARKET,  AUQ.  20. 
Best  WaUsend,  per  ton,  17#.  Qd.  to  I81.  0(2.    Other  sorts,  16#.  Od.  to  16#.  6J. 


HETEOROLOaiCAL  DIART,  bt  H.OOULD,  UteW.  CART,  181,  SiHiSD. 
Ihm  Juig  24  to  Aitgiut  23,  wKlitme. 


Uannu. 

TlmrmuiuHlcr 

ISm'Om. 

•54 

il 

. 

l-d 

^4 

"!.£ 

. 

^i 

■i  £ 

g 

b^ 

Weather. 

^% 

Weather. 

fi'l 

^^= 

K 

y 

li 

^ 

^ 

0 

~°~ 

~^ 

n.  pta. 

lug. 

~ 

~^ 

u.  pt.. 

21 

56 

66 

29. 

94 

fr.cJj.rfgLm. 

8 

55 

58 

66 

29.   67 

hvy.  m.  cidy. 

S5 

fie 

61 

66 

29. 

93 

do.  do. 

S 

67 

63 

hZ 

29.   6* 

fiur.ddy.rain 

26 

58 

68 

66 

29. 

37 

do.do.iilt.ni.d. 

10 

67 

67 

57 

29.   53 

do.  do. 

27 

68 

SS 

29. 

66 

pain,  cloudy 

n 

hi 

6S 

68 

29.   61 

E8 

67 

613 

65 

29. 

81 

oIJi.rn.th.lt.ri 

12 

68 

67 

56 

29.   79 

cidy.  lair.  r>ia 

29 

5y 

55 

30. 

08 

[lo.fr.cLhy.rii. 

13 

60 

69 

56 

29.   71 

do.do.algt.m. 

th.  11.  d. 

14 

60 

65 

65 

29.   69 

do.  do.  hvj.nu 

60 

fl4 

S7 

39. 

98 

Jo.da.m.cHy. 

15 

60 

70 

66 

29.   67 

do.  do.  do. 

31 

57 

65 

57 

88 

do. 

16 

61 

69 

ht 

29.   86 

rair,cly-hT.rQ. 

A.1 

58 

6i 

57 

39! 

80 

do.fr.m.oldj. 

17 

58 

67 

57 

29.   63 

cldj.rr.Bl^t.rn. 

2 

58 

66 

57 

29. 

70 

dojlgt.riuo!y. 

18 

55 

57 

66 

39.   67 

ooMtirot  min 

S 

60 

68 

58 

29. 

66 

do.  rem 

19 

m 

65 

60 

29.   83 

fi.ir.old,.™m 

4 

C3 

SS 

29. 

65 

rtiiD,  cMy.  fair 

20 

67 

59 

29.   81 

cloudy,  liur 

5 

67 

67 

66 

29. 

67 

fdiC 

21 

59 

69 

59 

29.   82 

do.  do. 

6 

55 

67 

55 

39. 

39 

raiu,  fkir 

11 

57 

63 

67 

29.   47 

7 

5G 

G5 

64 

29. 

78 

fine,  cloudy 

23 

65 

63  1  55 

29.   83 

rr.ddy.lij.m. 

I 

AILT  PRICE  OP  STO 

CKS. 

July 

C^l. 

cf^l 

Itank 

Ei.  Bill.. 

iBdU 

smoit. 

£1,1)00. 

'K' 

2-1 

03       1 

93|1 

93      1 

2281 

1.  3  pm. 

218 

3>lu. 

1041     1 

25 

93i 

2281 

1.  3  pm. 

218 

7du. 

1041     1 

1*3        1 

93i 

93      J 

1.   4  pio. 

217  219 

1041      1 

27 

93i     1 

93i 

93      i 

2281229 

217  2171 

7dU. 

104i 

28 

fla     I 

93i 

93      i 

2291 

1.  4  pro! 

2181 

6  din. 

ion    1 

S3)     1 

931 

93       1 

830 

1.  4  pm. 

2174 

10*1    i 

93       { 

931 

93       i 

2281 

7dii. 

104i      i 

A.1 

93      i 

93i  4 

D3     41 

3381  30 

3.  6  pm.' 

2181 

2 

i)3      i 

9-1       1 

93     4i 

217  181 

6d«i. 

1041      i 

3 

M3       1 

93i4 

93     4 

230 

S.  6  pm! 

317  181 

IMl 

«3       k 

m 

T)3       1 

229    30 

8.  6  pm. 

1041 

G 

113        I 

931 

93 

S.  6  pm. 

217 

7du. 

1041 

7 

931 

93 

229 

Spui. 

219 

1041 

8 

93       i 

93       J 

931 
931 

S3 
B34 

230 

2181  19 
318 

!S1I 

S 

229(  30 

_ 

7  din. 

10 

9a   31 

93i 

93      i 

230  311 

8.  6  pm. 

2171  10 

8.4  dis. 

103    4 

11 

93      i 

93i 

93       i 

2811     2 

3.  6  pm. 

103 

13 

93      i 

93j 

93       i 

8.  6  pm. 

21819 

4di<. 

103       ) 

14 

93      k 

93i 

93       i 

230i 

8.  6  pm. 

217  19 

4du. 

103     41 

16 

92    31 

931 

93       i 

232 

2.   6  pm. 

217  18i 

103     4 

16 

92       i 

93 

93      1 

231 

2  pm. 

216J 

4dl». 

103     4 

17 

92    3 

93 

93      1 

2301     2 

2.    4p«.. 

E16i  181 

4di8. 

103        1 

92      ) 
92       i 

93i 
931 

»»1    1 
931     i 

103 
103        f 

233 

1.  4  pm. 
ipm.  ' 

SI 

93      i 

931 

931     1 

2311    3 

2161 

103        f 

22 

92     3 

931 

931     i 

2311 

i.  4  pm: 

103        1 

23 

92    3 

931 

931     i 

233 

2171 

8.4di9, 

ALFRED  WHITMORE, 

Stock  and  8hat«  Broker, 

19, 

Ctu 

IDJ 

IB  All 

ley 

London, 

B.C. 

THE 

GENTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE 

ANI> 

HISTORICAL   REYIEW. 

OCTOBER,  1860. 


i'  ■  I  ^^tmmmmmmm-^tm^tt*^ 


CONTENTS. 

»ACtt 
MINOR  CORRESPONDENCS.^Si)p  ThOBMM  ^alcott,  Knt-^The  Liv1iig8toiie»-Able  and 

Ibl»— Srratam :  Rcmdoei  Benutins  at  Senary  .^ 834 

Medieval  Hooees  of  Gknieefltersfaire 885 

La  Guienne  Anglaise 855 

Church-yard  Crosses ,..,, 861 

Church  History  of  Scotland    862 

The  Syrian  Relief  Fund   87» 

Early  Irish  History — the  O'Briens  (concluded)    874 

ORIGINAL  DOCUMENTS.— Magical  Practioes    ^ 880' 

Treasure  Trove  385 

ANTIQUARIAN  AND  LITERARY  INTELLIGENCER.— British  ArchflBotogical  AsBocia- 
tion,  386  ;  Ecclesiologfoal  Society,  394 ;  Bucks.  Architectural  and  Arehsological 
Society,  395 ;  Kilkenny  and  South-Eaat  of  Ireland  Archs»oIogical  Sodety,  887 ;  Leioes* 
tershire  Architectural  and  Archttological  Sodety  —  Iiverpo(d  Architectural  and 
Archeeologrical  Society,  398;  Society  of  Antiquanea,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  809; 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  402 ;  Sussex  Arohceological  Society,  408 ;  Miscellanea       406 

CORRESPONDENCE  OP  STLVANU8  URBAN.— A  Tisitation  of  Anns  in  the  University 
and  Town  of  Cambridge,  407 ;  Becket  or .  St.  Thomas  T  409;  The  "  Guardian"  News- 
paper and  the  "  National  Review,"  410 ;  Domettio  Architecture  in  MedicBval  London, 
412;  Genealogical  Table  of  the  Descent  of  the  St.  Barbe  Family    414 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— The  Poem  of  the  Bode  of  Job>  419; 
Collectanea  Antiqua— Canterbury  in  the  Olden  Time— Madras  and  Cuddalore  im  the 
last  Century,  420  ;  Cronhelm's  Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  the  Belief  in  Predestinatton 
—Squaring  the  Circle  ^Encydopndia  Britannica,  Yd.  xx.,  421;  Footprints  on  the 
Sands  of  Time— Lucia's  Marriage— Addresses  to  Candidates  for  Ordination — Compre- 
hensive History  of  India— Schaible*s  .Practical  Elementary  Exercises  in  ttie  Art  of 
Thinking  422 

BIRTHS  423 

MARRIAGES 424 

OBITUARY.— H.R.H.  the  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelits,  480 ;  Earl  of  Lauderdale— 
Countess  Manvers,  431 ;  Sir  Henry  Geo.  Ward— Rt  Hon.  Jas.  Wilson— G.  T.  Thomp- 
son, Esq.,  432  ;  M.  Dum^iil,  433 ;  Mr.  Edw.  David  Evans— Joseph  Locke,  Esq.,  484; 
Rev.  D.  Laing 436 

CLERGY  DECEASED    437 

DEATHS  ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER    438 

Registrar-General's  Return  of  Mortality  and  Births  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  447 ; 

Meteorological  Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  448 


Bx  STLVANUS  TJEBAN,  Qmra. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


SIR  THOMAS  WALCOTT,  KNT. 

Mb.  Ueban, — Through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  Courthope,  of  the  College  of  Arms,  I 
have  been  able  to  identify  the  judge  above- 
named,  concerning  whom  I  made  inquiry 
recently  in  your  pages*,  with  Thomas 
Walcott,  of  Bitterley  Court,  who  occurs 
in  the  family  pedigree.  Having  received 
permission  to  consult  the  books  under  his 
care,  I  have  collected  the  following  &ustB, 
which  are  borne  out  by  the  parish  regis- 
ters of  Bitterly  and  Lydbury,  the  latter 
being  the  nearest  church  to  Walcott  Park, 
which  was  then  held  by  the  family.  He 
was  baptized  at  Lydbury  Aug.  6th,  1629, 
and  was  the  son  of  Humphrey  Walcott,  of 
Walcott  and  of  the  Middle  Temple,  who, 
being  a  Royalist,  made  great  sacrifices  for 
Charles  I.  (Visitation  of  Salop,  1663.) 
He  entered  at  the  Middle  Temple,  be- 
came serjennt-at-law,  and  was  knighted  at 
Wliitehall,  (Dugdale,  Visit,  pp.  38,  39; 
Le  Neve's  Knights,  Heralds*  College,  281) ; 
was  M.P.  for  Ludlow  1679—1681;  re- 
corder of  Bewdley,  1671,  (Nash.,  Wore, 
ii.  279) ;  and  appointed  puisne  judge  of 
King's  Bench  Oct.  22,  1683.  He  married 
at  Bitterley,  December  10th,  1663,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Sir  Adam  Lyttelton,  of  Stoke 
Milburgh,  Bart.,  and  her  name  frequently 
occurs  in  the  family  correspondence  as 
Lady  Walcott,  after  her  husband's  de- 
cease in  1685.  Bitterley  Court,  Salop,  was 
sold  by  his  grandson  in  1765,  and  is  now 
held  by  the  elder  branch  of  the  family. 
Colonel  Thomas  Walcott,  who  was  said 
to  be  implicated  in  the  Rye-house  plot, 
and  was  actually  executed  on  a  charge 
of  high  treason,  was  a  near  relative  of 
the  judge.  I  am,  &c., 

Mackenzie  WAiiCorr,  MJL 

Knightshridge, 

•  Gknt.  Mao.,  Aug.  I860,  p.  110. 


THE  LIVINGSTONES. 

Mb.XTbbak, — I  should  be  obliged  by 
any  correspondent  giving  the  names  of  the 
wives  and  their  arms  in  the  instances  men- 
tioned as  follows  from  the  Livingstone 
pedigree,  Burke's  "  Peerage  and  Baronet- 
age," 1853.  p.  620  :— 

1.  Alexander,  created  in  1600  Earl  of 
Linlithgow,  heir  of  William,  sixth  Lord 
Livingstone,  succeeded  by  his  fourth  son 

2.  The  Hon.  George  Livingstone,  of 
Ogleface,  co.  Linlithgow,  created  a  Baronet 
of  Nova  Scotia  30th  May,  1625.  Sac- 
ceeded  by  his  son 

3.  Sir  William,  who  was  saooeeded  bj 
his  son 

4.  Sir  Alexander. — I  am,  Ac 

W.  H.  Clabkb. 


ABLE  AND  IBLE. 

Mb.  Ubbak, — Can  any  of  yoar  readers 
who  take  an  interest  in  orthog^phy  in- 
form me  whether  there  be  any  general 
rule  which  will  apply  to  the  correct  spell- 
ing of  words  compounded  with  able  J 
E.g.,  we  write  intelligible  and  commend- 
able.— I  am,  &c  A.  B. 


ERRATUM— ROMAN  REMAINS  AT 
SEDBURY. 

Ik  p.  281,  col.  1,  1.  18,  for  "atft'ooji 
camps  on  the  Cotswold  range  in  front," 
read  "  Ostorian." 

The  camps  alluded  to  form  a  range  of 
twenty-five,  described  by  Mr.  Baker  in 
Afchaoloffia,  voL  xix.  pp.  161—176,  and 
referred  by  him  to  the  operations  of  Osto- 
rius,  for  which  see  the  Annals  of  Tacitus, 
lib.  xii.  cap.  18. 


THE 


/ 


(^tnilmnn'a  MMHnm 


(W) 


ANB 

HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 


MEDIEVAL  HOUSES  OF  GLOTICESTERSKtRE. 

A  Paper  head  at  the  M£etik&  op  the  AscHiBOLOGicAL  Institittb, 
JuLT,  1860,  BY  John  Bjsst&y  Paeieb,  F.S.A. 

I  have  been  requested  to  give  you  some  account  of  the  bouses  of  tbe 
Middle  Ages  still  remaining  in  Gloucestershire.  They  are  more  numerous 
than  is  commonly  imagined.  This  county  is  rich  in  .antiquities  of  various 
kinds,  owing  partly  to  the  excellent  quality  of  the  building  stone,  as  may 
be  seen  by  the  most  casual  observer  in  many  parts  of  the  county.  I  will 
not  detain  you  with  any  preliminary  remarks  on  the  great  value  and  interest 
of  such  examples,  of  the  light  which  they  throw  on  the  manners  and  cus- 
toms of  our  ancestors,  or  how  closely  they  are  connected  with  the  history 
of  our  country,  of  which,  indeed,  they  form  an  important  though  a  neglected 
portion.  But  I  am  addressing  those  who  are  better  able  to  instruct  me 
than  I  am  to  inform  them  on  these  general  topics.  All  that  I  can  pretend 
to  as  an  excuse  for  addressing  you  at  all  is  that  I  have  taken  some  pains  to 
ascertain  what  remains  may  still  be  found,  and  to  what  periods  they  belong. 
I  will  therefore  endeavour  to  give  you  a  short  account  of  each,  and  as  nearly 
as  I  can  in  chronological  order.  Those  which  I  have  either  myself  seen, 
or  have  obtained  notice  of  from  persons  on  whom  I  can  rely,  amount  to 
about  thirty  in  number,  and  range  in  date  from  the  twelfth  century  to  the 
sixteenth.     I  have  little  doubt  that  there  are  others  at  present  unknown. 

Op  the  twelfth  centubt  we  have  several  domestic  buildings  still  re- 
maining in  this  county.  In  the  city  of  Gloucester  the  present  deanery  is 
the  abbot's  house  of  the  Norman  period,  and  though  much  altered  by  many 
succeeding  generations,  still  retains  the  original  chapel  perfect;  it  is  an 
oblong  apartment,  with  a  barrel-vault,  supported  by  arch-ribs  only,  with 
the  usual  Norman  mouldings  and  details:  the  floor  is  paved  with  a  rich 
set  of  heraldic  tiles  of  the  fifteenth  century,  with  the  arms  of  Beauchamp 
impaling  Despencer,  and  the  initials  W.  S.  ofk  repeated;  their  arrange- 
ment is  not  original.    Under  this  is  a  similar  apartment,  vaulted  in  the 


336  Medieval  Honses  of  Gloucestershire.  [Oct. 

same  manner;  a  door  at  the  east  end  of  this  chamber  opens  into  the 
cloister,  close  to  the  north-west  door  from  the  cathedral  into  the  cloisters. 

Under  a  building  at  the  back  of  the  Fleece  Inn  is  a  large  vaulted  chamber 
of  the  Norman  style,  popularly  considered  as  the  crypt  of  an  ancient  church, 
but  which  appears  to  me  to  be  only  one  of  the  usual  vaulted  chambers  or 
cellars,  or  fire- proof  warehouseSy  which  we  commonly  find  under  merchants' 
houses  throughout  the  Middle  Ages,  and  very  often  under  other  bouses, 
castles,  and  monastic  buildings.  This  vault  is  of  the  horse-shoe  form,  that 
is,  the  walls  slope  or  lean  outwards,  and  are  wider  apart  at  the  capitals  or 
springing  of  the  vault  than  they  are  at  the  bases,  or  on  the  floor  line. 
These  walls  were  evidently  built  in  this  manner,  and  I  have  met  with  other 
instances  of  this  mode  of  building  walls  both  in  houses  and  churches  ■. 

The  circular  keep  and  some  other  portions  of  the  magnificent  castle  of 
Berkeley  are  of  this  century,  much  altered  at  subsequent  periods. 

At  HoRTON  a  house  of  the  twelfth  century  has  been  preserved,  and 
forms  one  wing  of  the  present  mansion,  close  to  the  church.  The  tAd  hocise 
is  of  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  and  being  probably  intended  only  for  the  resi- 
dence of  a  single  priest,  was  small.  It  was  on  the  usual  plan  of  the  period, 
a  lofty  hall  occupying  about  two-thirds  of  the  house,  the  remaining  third 
being  divided  into  two  stories,  the  cellar  or  parlour  below,  and  the  solar 
or  bedroom,  or  the  lord*s  chamber,  above,  under  part  of  which  was  the 
usual  passage  behind  a  screen.  At  each  end  of  this  passage  is  a  doorway, 
one  of  which  was  the  chief  entrance  from  the  court,  the  other  the  back  door 
to  the  churchyard ;  both  of  these  doorways  are  perfect,  and  in  good  pre- 
sei'vation,  ornamented  with  the  late  zig-zag  moulding  so  characteristic  of 
the  period ;  the  shafts  are  pear-shaped  in  section,  and  their  capitals  remain 
uninjured.  Two  of  the  Norman  windows  also  remain  high  in  the  wall,  now 
blocked  up,  and  a  small  newel  staircase  to  the  upper  chamber,  with  a  transi- 
tion Norman  doorway.  The  floor  is  now  continued  the  whole  length  of  the 
building,  and  the  upper  room  has  been  fitted  up  as  a  Roman  Catholic 
chapel  by  the  Faston  family  in  the  seventeenth  century ;  it  was  evidentlj 
concealed  with  caution,  and  might  easily  be  overlooked.  Behind  the  altar 
is  a  recess,  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  hiding  the  priest  in  case  of 
need.     That  the  original  hall  occupied  only  two-thirds  of  the  building  ap« 

'  One  very  cnrioas  example  remaiDed  until  within  the  last  year  in  the  remarkable 
little  chancel  of  West  well  Church,  Oxfordshire,  and  had  the  original  painting  of 
the  thirteenth  century  upon  it.  The  inner  arches  of  the  windows  were  built  upright, 
conseqnently  they  stood  out  from  the  face  of  the  receding  wall;  and  this  pnrjecttng 
part  was  also  painted  on  the  top  as  well  as  in  front,  a  clear  proof  that  it  was  part  of 
the  original  design.  But  I  am  informed  that  a  conceited  modem  architect  has  lately 
destroyed  this  curious  vestige  of  antiquity,  alleging  that  because  the  wall  was  not 
straight  within,  the  foundations  must  have  given  way,  although  the  outer  surface  of 
the  wall  was  straight.  It  may  also  be  interesting  to  record  the  ancient  chancel  of  East 
Hendred  Church,  Berks.,  lately  demolished,  the  walls  of  which  battered  considerably  oa 
the  inside,  while  the  pier  of  the  ro«d-k)£b  was  verticaL 


I860.]  Medieval  Mmues  of  Gloucesterthire. 


Gbkt.  Mas.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


[Oct. 


peara  to  mc  clear,  from  ttie  circumatance  that  (lie  original  windows  extend 
no  further ;  they  five  liigli  in  the  wall,  and  had  there  been  a  floor  there 
would  have  been  no  light  to  the  lower  chamber ;  they  do  not  extend  be- 
yond the  doors  or  passage,  and  the  two  amall  chambers  were  probably 
lighted  by  ^vijidows  in  the  neat  end,  now  concealed  by  roughcact  and 
ivy  on  the  outside,  and  papered  over  on  the  inside.  There  is  a  tar^ 
fireplace  at  the  east  end  of  the  lower  room,  but  it  is  modem.  Buttresses 
have  been  added  in  the  Perpendicular  period,  and  a  shield  of  arms  intro- 
duced over  the  north  doorway. 


For  a  knowledge  of  this  interesting  old  house,  one  of  the  earliest  in  Eng- 
land, I  am  indebted  to  my  lamented  friend  the  late  Rev.  R.  W.  Huntley, 
who  took  me  lo  see  it  a  few  yenra  since,  and  I  have  lately  reiisiled  it. 

Of  tub  TniKTKENTH  CEunjHY  there  are  also  some  portions  remaining  in 
Berkeley  Castlk,  but  so  much  mixed  up  with  later  work  that  the  original 
plan  of  the  house  of  that  period  can  hardly  be  made  out,  and  there  is  little 
information  to  be  gleaned  from  them.  The  room  in  which  Edward  11.  is 
traditionally  said  to  have  been  murdered  is  built  over  the  Norman  staircase 
to  the  ketp.  and  may  possibly  be  of  this  period,  but  if  so  it  has  subsequently 
been  much  altered. 

St.  £biat£l's  Castle  is  to  a  greet  extent  a  house  of  the  early  part  of 
the  thirteenth  century.    The  hall  has  unfortunately  been  destroyed,  bat  the 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


I860.] 

solar,  or  lord's  chamber,  at  the  upper  end  of  it  remains,  and  is  now  uRed  as 
a  schooltoom ;  it  coutains  a  fioe  fireplace  of  this  period,  over  which  is  the 
well-known  chimney  with  the  bugle-horn  for  a  crest  upon  the  top  of  it. 
On  ench  of  the  faces  of  the  octagonal  shaft  is  a  small  laDCet  opening  trefoil- 
headed,  with  a  crocketed  canopy  over  it,  and  from  the  junction  of  these 
canopies  rises  the  small  spire  surmounted  by  the  crest.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  chimney-tops  in  England. 

At  the  lower  end  of  the  hall  some  of  the  servants'  apartments  remain, 
though  mutilated,  and  these  are  connected  with  one  of  the  towers  of  the 
gatehouse,  which  is  nearly  perfect,  and  contains  several  small  chambers  of 
this  period,  each  with  ils  fireplace  and  chimney.  This  is  in  direct  contradic- 
tion to  the  popular  error  that  chimneys  were  not  known  before  the  fifteenth 
century,  an  error  originating  in  the  custom  of  having  no  chimney  to  the 
hnU  in  the  earlier  houses,  the  fire  in  the  hall  having  been  usually  in  the 
centre  of  the  room  upon  a  brasier  or  reredos,  and  the  smoke  escaping  fiom 
the  open  louvre  in  the  roof.  But  this  arrangement  was  obviously  imprac- 
ticable in  the  smaller  chambers  in  lowers  of  several  stories,  and  in  these 
we  accordingly  find  fireplaces  and  chimneys  at  sU  periods,  from  the  twelfth 
century  downwards.  St.  Briavel's  Caetle  is  popularly  attributed  to  King 
John,  but  I  believe  without  any  foundation;  and  it  is  remarkable  that 
King  John  has  the  credit  by  popular  tradition  of  nearly  all  the  old  houses 
in  England,  a  tradition  for  which  it  is  difficult  to  account,  and  which  is  fre- 
quently quite  groundless.  As,  however,  the  Early  English  style  was  tolerably 
well  established  by  his  time,  a  portion  of  St.  Briavel's  may  possibly  belong 
to  his  reign.  The  buildings  have  been  much  more  extensive,  and  prohably 
covered  nearly  the  whole  space  within  the  walla,  where  b  now  a  garden. 
The  outer  walls  and  the  moat  are  perfect. 


The  domestic  portions  of  the  buildings  of  thb  Siack  Fbiabs  in  Glou- 
cester may  fairly  be  considered  as  belonging  to  my  subject.  This  bouse 
was  founded  about  a.o.  1239,  by  King  Henry  III,  and  Sir  Stephen  de 


310 


Me^eval  Houses  of  Gloucesterihire. 


[Oct. 


Herneshull.  The  buildings  remain  od  all  the  four  sides  of  the  cloister  court, 
or  the  square ;  on  the  north  side  is  the  church,  which  was  a  large  cnicifonn 
church  of  the  thirteenth  century,  converted  into  a  dwelling-houee  imme- 
diately after  the  dissolution,  by  Thomas  Bell,  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  as 
described  by  Leland''.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  court,  or  square,  was  the 
dormitory,  also  of  the  thirteenth  century,  nhich  remaine  unusually  perfect, 
though  divided  by  a  modem  floor,  and  now  used  as  a  warehouse.  It  b  on 
the  first  floor,  having  a  number  of  smaller  apartments  under  it.  The  plain 
open  timber  roof  remuns,  but  concealed  by  the  modem  upper  floor ;  on  each 
side  is  a  row  of  small  original  square-beaded  vrindows,  quite  plain  on  the 
exterior,  but  on  the  inside  the  rear  arch  of  each  window  has  good 
Early  English  mouldings ;  these  arches  rest  upon,  and  are  separated  by, 
upright  stone  slabs,  each  of  which  formed  a  partition  between  two  cells; 


this  partition  was  carried  out  considerably  farther  in  wood,  and  in  the 
ends  of  the  alone  partitions  are  the  mortices  for  the  wood-work.     The  roof 

'  Itin.,  vol.  iv.  p.  7S,     Fuller  aaitli  that  he  converted  it  into  k  beaatifol  home  for 
hiroaeir,  and  bard  by  erectud  an  aluuhoiue  aiul  endowed  it.    VaUer**  WiHtbk*,  p.  8^. 


I860.] 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


341 

is  similar  to  that  of  a  hall,  and  equally  lofty  in  the  centre,  over  the  space 
of  the  central  passage,  but  coming  down  at  the  eaves  to  about  eight  feet 
from  the  floor.  There  were  places  for  eighteen  cells  on  each  side,  giving 
room  for  six -and- thirty  friars;  but  from  these  probably  two  must  be 
deducted  for  the  entrance,  which  was  from  the  side  by  an  external  stair. 


Adjoining  to  the  west  end  of  the  dormitory  is  a  triple  lancet  window, 
which  has  detached  shafts  of  Purbeck  marble  within,  and  formed  the  south 
end  of  the  refectory ;  one  of  the  aide  windows  is  also  perfect,  a  single 
l.-incet  light  with  good  shafts,  arch -mouldings  and  foliaged  capitals  well 
carved.  This  is  now  a  stable  and  hay-loft,  and  formed  a  small  part  only  of 
the  refectory  ;  the  other  part  has  been  turned  into  dwelling-houaes,  but  the 
outline  of  the  old  roof  of  the  refectory  can  be  seen  externally,  as  is  also  the 


342 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


[Oct. 


case  nith  the  church.  The  refectory  occupied  nearly  the  whole  of  the  west 
side  of  the  cloieter,  as  shewn  in  the  bird'e-eye  view  from  b  sketch  bj 
Stukeley,  preserved  in  Cough's  Collection  in  the  Bodleian.  The  doorway 
of  it  is  tolerably  perfect,  with  a  fine  euite  of  Early  English  mouldings  in 


|^$i^Sfe>i'w,^r.,  ',^'1, 


the  soulh-west  corner  of  the  court,  and  near  to  it  are  remains  of  the  Ura- 
tory.  On  the  east  side  of  the  court  was  the  chapter-house,  which  had 
been  rebuilt  in  the  fifteenth  century,  and  a  fine  piece  of  rich  Perpendicular 
stone  panelling  remains  on  the  exterior,  or  eastern  face  of  the  house,  now 
almost  hidden  by  modern  buildings,  but  it  can  still  be  seen  in  a  narrow 
passage  about  four  feet  wide. 


^ 


I860.] 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


Of  the  end  of  the  thirteenth,  or  beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century,  we 
liave  in  llie  city  of  Gloucester  the  Tanners'  H.u.l,  a  highly  intereating 
remain,  though  in  a  aadly  neglected  and  mutilated  state ;  it  is  of  the  time 
of  Edward  I.,  and  it  ia  not  improbable  that  it  was  built  for  the  halt  of  the 
Tanners'  Guild  at  that  period,  as  the  guilds  were  then  of  considerable  im- 
portance. The  walla  are  tolerably  perrect,  and  one  of  the  windows  of  the 
hall  on  the  first  floor  has  the  tracery  perfect,  the  otljers  are  more  mutilated. 
The  cellar  under  it  has  eingle-light  windows,  rather  wide  lancets.  The 
entrance  to  the  hall  was  from  bd  external  staircase,  under  the  landing- 
place  of  which  was  the  entrance  to  the  cellar.  The  date  may  be  rather 
earlier  than  1  have  assigned  to  it.  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
history  of  it. 

In  1291,  or  the  ISth  year  of  Edward  I.,  a  licence  to  fortify  his  house  at 


844  Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire.  [Oct. 

Little  Compton  was  granted  to  John  Bomaine,  Archbishop  of  York,  but 
I  am  not  aware  of  any  remains  of  it. 

Op  the  foitrteenth  centuky  we  have  the  following  licences  to  crenel- 
late  or  fortify  houses  : — 

In  1301  a  licence  was  granted  to  John  of  Wylington  to  fortify  his  house 
at  Yate,  near  Chipping  Sodbury,  in  this  county.  The  gatehouse  remains, 
and  is  an  interesting  ruin  of  the  time  of  Edward  I.  The  upper  part  has 
been  mutilated,  but  the  lower  part  is  perfect,  with  the  outer  and  inner  arch- 
ways, a  small  doorway  on  each  side,  with  an  ogee  head,  and  a  good  fire- 
place in  the  first-floor  room  over  the  passage  :  this  has  a  fine  mantelpiece, 
with  a  row  of  four-leaved  flowers.  There  are  also  some  ruins  of  the  house, 
but  these  are  of  considerably  later  date,  and  a  farm-house  has  been  built 
on  part  of  the  site  and  of  fragments  of  the  old  buildings,  some  windows 
and  a  doorway  being  used  again :  this  is  a  common  practice  which  often 
misleads  young  antiquaries. 

In  1307  a  licence  was  granted  to  Alexander  of  Bicknor,  clerk,  to  fortify 
his  house  at  Ruardean ;  and  a  few  fragments  of  this  house  are,  I  believe, 
still  standing. 

In  the  same  year  a  licence  was  granted  to  William  le  Wanton  to  fortify 
his  chamber  within  his  mansion  at  Crumhale,  or  Cromhall,  near  Wickwar, 
but  nothing  remains  of  this. 

In  1318,  Henry  of  Wylington  obtained  a  licence  to  fortify  his  honae  at 
Culverden. 

In  1348,  21st  Edw.  III.,  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford,  had 
a  licence  to  fortify  his  house  at  Whitenhurst,  or  Wheatenhurst,  (about 
seven  miles  from  Gloucester). 

In  1374,  47th  Edw.  III.,  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Winchcombe  had 
a  licence  to  fortify  their  abbey  and  their  houses,  granted  at  the  request  of 
Master  John  of  Branktre,  chaplain  to  the  king ;  and  there  are  some  alight 
remains  of  the  abbey  buildings  in  a  meadow  near  the  church. 

Of  this  century  we  have  also  considerable  parts  of  Berkeley  and  of 
Beverstone  Castles,  both  very  remarkable  examples,  of  which  I  have  gi^en 
a  description  in  my  work  on  the  "  Domestic  Architecture  of  the  Middle 
Ages<^."  The  following  extracts  will  probably  suffice  for  the  present 
object : — 

''  Bebkelkt  Castli. — The  hall  retains  a  late  Norman  wall  on  one  side,  but  on  the 
other  are  some  good  and  rather  peculiar  square-headed  windows  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  The  screen  and  gallery  have  been  destroyed.  The  doorways  of  the  porch 
and  of  the  hall  itself  are  of  the  peculiar  form  which  occurs  over  tombs  in  Bristol 
Cathedral.  At  the  end  of  the  hall  are  the  doorways  ac^oining  and  leading  to  the 
kitchen  and  other  offices.  The  centre  one,  which  is  the  largest,  and  is  now  blocked 
up,  led  directly  to  the  principal  door  of  the  kitchen,  but  the  present  entrance  is  by 
the  door  on  the  north. 


^  See  vol.  ill  pp.  256— 25a 


iOJ 


Medieval  Nouses  of  Gloucestershire. 


"  The  kitchen,  the  north  wall  of  which  forms  part  of  the  line  of  wall  of  the  conrt- 
yard,  U  of  an  iirFgolor  hexagonal  form,  three  of  iU  wdes  being  longer  than  the  otbera. 
Thia  and  the  other  offices  belong  also  to  the  fourteenth  century,  and  are  worthy  of 
careful  examination." — (p.  2S4.) 

The  chapel  of  Berkeley  is  as  excellent  example  of  an  arraDgement  which 
was  not  uncommon  in  the  larger  houses  of  the  Middle  Ag^ee,  but  nhicli  has 
not  been  generally  understood.  The  eastern  part,  or  sacrarium,  where  the 
altar  stands,  is  lofty,  of  the  height  of  two  stories:  the  western  part  is 
divided  by  a  floor  into  two  chambers,  one  over  the  other,  each  with  a  fire- 
place ia  it,  and  with  separate  entrances, — the  lower  one  from  the  hall  for 
the  servants,  the  upper  one  from  the  dining-room  or  lord's  chamber  for 
the  use  of  the  family  and  their  quests.  This  upper  chamber  was  also  called 
THB  ORiBL,  and  its  use  was  by  no  means  confined  to  attending  the  service 
in  the  chapel,  but  it  was  used  for  variooa  other  purposes.    In  place  of  a  wall 


on  the  eastern  side  of  this  room  was  a  screen  of  open  timber-work,  eilend- 
ing  from  the  floor  to  the  ceiling,  over  which  tapestry  was  hung,  so  that 
on  ordinary  occasions  this  room  had  the  same  appearance  as  any  other 
chamber.  When  the  service  was  performed  in  the  cbapel  o 
Qbht.  Uao.  Vol.  CX;ix.  s  ■ 


846  Medieval  Souses  of  Gloucestershire.  [Oct. 

the  tapestry  was  drawn  aside,  and  the  family  BBgembled  id  this  oriel  or 
upper  chamber  could  join  in  it,  and  see  the  elevation  of  the  Host,  This 
screen  remains  nearly  perfect,  only  a  modern  opening  has  been  made  in  the 
centre,  giving  the  appearance  of  a  gallery  with  a  family  pew  in  it.  The 
screen  in  front  of  the  lower  room  has  been  removed.  There  is  a  curious 
passage  from  the  altar  platform  to  the  lower  western  chamber  made  in  the 
thickness  of  the  Norman  outer  wall,  but  in  the  fourteenth  century,  and 
with  Decorated  arches  opening  to  the  chapel. 

"  BsTSBBTom  Castlb  U  the  pictoreaquo  rain  of  ■  ftno  honae  of  the  Gmrteenth  oen- 
toTj,  wilb  an  ElizabvthsD  hoase  bailt  on  part  of  the  rite,  and  a  more  modem  horwe 
added.  The  Ehzabethao  hoose  stands  on  the  site  of  the  original  ball,  the  vaulted 
cellars  of  nhicb  remain,  together  with  the  towers  at  each  end.  One  of  these  ii  larger 
and  seems  to  have  heen  a  sort  of  Icoep  ;  it  contains  two  chapels,  one  nearly  over  the 
other,  but  not  eiaetlj.  The  lowor  or  principal  chapel,  on  the  first  floor,  is  a  verj  good 
specimen  of  a  domestic  chapel  of  the  Decorated  stjle,  and  most  have  been  intended 
to  contain  the  whole  household,  never  a  very  Urge  one,  from  the  amall  siie  of  the 
castle ;  there  is  no  other  room  commnnicating  with  it,  and  there  is  a  aeparatt  divisioo 
for  the  sacrariniD,  with  the  piacina  and  two  sedilia,  vrtth  ccocheted  ogee  canopy,  finial 
and  'pinnacles,  and  shaita ;  the  piscina  has  the  baan  perfect.  Tho  whole  chapel  haa 
a  good  gndned  vault,  with  ribs  and  boaaee. 


A  Oratory.       B  Prial't  Soam.       C  Iflrif  j  Bcd-elk»mter.       DO  Hh  Sfalnb.       B  AUar. 

"The  upper  chapel,  or  oratory,  is  quite  small,  it  retain*  a  piidna  in  the  angle,  with 
a  Decorated  <^^  taaopj  and  flnial,  the  basin  and  shelf;  the  east  window  ha«  been 
altered  in  ElizaheUum  work.    On  each  sido  of  this  diapd  are  sqninti^  or  hagiosoqiei^ 


« 


I860.]  Medieval  Souses  of  Gloucestershire.  847 

through  the  walls  from  the  chambers  on  either  side ;  the  roof  is  not  vaulted,  and  the 
size  of  this  whole  chapel  is  not  larger  than  the  sacrarium  of  the  principal  one.  The 
chamber  on  the  south  side  appears  to  have  been  the  solar,  or  a  dweUing-room  of  some 
importance  and  considerable  size,  but  has  been  much  altered,  and  an  Elizabethan 
window  introduced.  The  other  chamber  on  the  north  side  is  much  smaller,  and  on 
rather  a  higher  level,  even  with  the  oratory,  which  is  two  steps  above  the  solar;  this 

was  probably  the  priest's  chamber 

Leland  gives  the  following  account  of  this  castle : — 

'  Thomas  Lord  Berkeley  was  taken  prisoner  in  Fraunce,  and  after  recovering  his 
losses  with  French  prisoners  and  at  the  batul  of  Poytiers,  builded  after  the  castelle  of 
Beverstone  thoroughly,  a  pile  at  that  time  very  preaty.'"— (pp.  256 — 258.) 

At  Standish,  a  house  adjoining  to  the  churchyard  is  of  the  e^rly  part  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  though  much  altered  at  subsequent  periods. 

The  Grange,  a  farm-house  in  the  parish  of  Tetbury,  has  the  dairy  formed 
out  of  the  lower  part  of  the  chapel  of  a  house  of  this  century ;  but  the 
upper  part  of  the  chapel  is  entirely  destroyed,  and  the  rest  of  the  house  is 
of  the  time  of  Charles  II.     One  fireplace  has  the  date  of  1663. 

At  CA.LCOT  is  a  fine  bam  of  the  Decorated  style,  with  good  gables  having 
finials,  and  buttresses,  and  transepts  in  the  form  of  low  square  towers.  The 
following  inscription  records  the  date  of  its  erection, — '  Anno  mccc.  Hen- 

RICI  ABBATIS  XXIX.  FUIT  DOMUS  HJSC    iBDIFlCATA.*       This  is  CUt   On    a   StOUC 

in  the  wall  of  one  of  the  doorways.  Another  inscription  records  a  rebuild- 
ing after  a  fire  in  1729,  but  this  evidently  refers  only  to  the  roof  and  a  part 
of  one  side. 

At  Deebhubst  there  are  some  remains  of  the  Priory  joining  on  to  the 
church,  with  a  singular  window,  long  and  square-headed,  with  Decorated 
tracery ;  it  has  been  restored  and  lengthened,  but  is  still  worthy  of  notice. 

Stanley  Pontlaboe,  near  Winchcombe.  A  licence  to  crenellate  his 
manor-house  was  granted  to  "  John  le  Rouse  de  Raggeley,"  in  the  15th 
Richard  II.,  and  a  pardon  was  granted  at  the  same  time  for  his  having 
fortified  a  part  of  the  said  house  without  a  licence.  A  part  of  this  house 
was  standing  in  1830.  A  very  good  window  from  it  is  engraved  from 
a  drawing  of  Mr.  Petit  in  the  "Archaeological  Journal,*'  vol.  vi.  p.  41,  but 
it  has  been  recently  destroyed.  In  this  village  there  is  a  small  house,  or 
cottage,  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  very  perfect,  with  the  two  gable  ends 
and  their  coping;  the  windows  and  doorways  are  of  the  usual  late  Per- 
pendicular style;  the  chimney  is  at  one  end,  with  a  square  shaft  and  a 
plain  fireplace ;  and  there  is  an  original  dormer  window  in  the  roof.  Cot- 
tages of  this  type  abound  in  the  county,  and  are  well  worthy  of  imitation 
in  these  days  of  cottage  building.  There  is  another  very  good  example 
in  the  adjoining  village  of  Bishop's  Cleeve. 

Of  the  fifteenth  centuky,  the  first  house  to  be  noticed  is  Wanswell 
CouBT,  a  small  manor-house  of  about  the  middle  of  the  century,  which  is 
unusually  perfect,  although  many  of  the  details  are  mutilated,  and  one  wing 
has  been  added  in  the  Elizabethan  period.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  large 


Medieval  Houses  qf  Gloueeaterthire. 


[Oct. 


F  4  O  Firrplacri. 
n  Fi^ch  lo  Hall. 

HaWELL  COURT,  OLOOCESTERSBIRE. 


I860.] 


Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire, 


849 


and  wide  moat,  which  encIoBes  not  only  the  house,  but  the  farm-yard, 
garden,  and  orchard  also.  Of  this  house  I  have  given  a  full  deBcriptiou 
in  my  work  ',  from  which  the  following  extract  will  be  sufficient  here : — 

"  WxirswBirL  CoDBT.  The  original  groQiid-plan  of  the  bidding;  ecndrt*  of  a  hall, 
which  ia  entered  by  a  porch,  and  has  a  room  at  each  end,  a  cellar,  and  a  hitchen.  Hie 
hall  occopiea  the  whole  height  of  the  building,  and  is  almost  iqnare,  meamring  about 
25  feet  by  22.  It  la  lighted  b;  two  windowa  on  the  lonth  side,  which  are  eqoare- 
headed,  of  too  lights,  and  tramomed,  tbe  one  at  the  upper  end  of  the  hall  having  the 
uBual  stone  seats.  Between  tbeae  windowa  i*  the  fireplace.  It  it  large,  and  has  very 
good  details ;  the  npper  part  ia  panelled,  and  it  has  a  bold  eoTDice.  The  arrangement 
of  the  mouldings  on  tbe  jambs  is  ungnlar.  Then>ofconaiBts<tffonT  bays,  one  of  which 
is  cut  off  trom  the  hall  by  a  modem  partition ;  it  is  a  collar-beam  roof,  with  arched 
bracea  apringing  from  wooden  shalU,  which  rest  on  carved  atone  corbels ;  it  baa  two 
purlins,  and  three  pairs  of  arched  braces  in  each  bay. 

"  This  ball  ia  intereating  from  ita  marking  mother  step  in  the  march  of  reflnemeot. 
lliere  is  no  dua,  plunly  shewing  that  the  master  of  the  maniion  no  longer  dined  with 
bis  retainers  in  the  hall,  bat  b  its  place  ia  a  room  cut  ont  of  the  hall  bj  a  wall  carried 
half  way  np,  and  finished  with  an  embattled  wooden  cornice,  and  covered  with  a  flat 
cdling  supported  by  moulded  beams,  the  space  above  being  originally  open  to  tbe  hall 
roof,  though  at  present  cut  off  by  a  modem  latb-and-plaster  partition.  Thia  room  waa 
the  '  privee  parlor'  mentioned  iu  I^era  Ftownum,  where  tbe  lord  and  lady  dined,  for  in 
tbehaU 

"The  lord  ue  the  lady  Ijketh  not  to  iytte. 
Now  hath  eehe  lyche  a  rule  to  eaten  by  himsdfe 
In  a  privee  parlour  . .  •  and  leave  the  chief  haL" 
This  parlour,  wbich  is  about  26  ft.  by  91,  waa  filniiihed  with  a  firepUce,  now  broken 
and  mutilated,  and  baa  a  double  window  of  four  lights  occupying  nearly  tbe  whole 
south  end  of  the  room.  Near  this  window  was 
doubtless  the  place  where  tbe  master  uaually 
sat,  for  on  each  aide  of  the  window  ia  a  small 
opening,  like  a  miniature  window,  which  baa 
evidently  served  aa  a  look-ont,  one  of  tbem 
commanding  tbe  open  window  of  the  porcb  and 
the  other  (he  eastern  entrance  over  tbe  moat, 
go  that  no  one  could  pais  in  or  oat  either  way 
without  being  seen.  The  parlour  communicates 
with  the  hall  by  a  door  at  tbe  nortb-eaat  angle, 
close  to  wbich  ia  the  door  into  the  cellar,  which 
is  on  tbe  samo  level,  and  is  a  large  room,  which 
bus  been  lighted  by  very  narrow  windowa, 
thoogb  larger  ones  have  since  been  inserted. 
At  tbe  nortb.weat  angle  ia  the  stone  staircase 
lining  to  the  upper  roonu^  and  near  it  the 
entraoce  to  what  appears  to  have  been  ori|p- 
nally  tbe  kitchen  before  the  addition  at  the 
west  end  waa  made,  aa  it  still  retains  a  mass  of 
masonry,  which  includes  the  fireplace,  &c.  At 
the  west  end  of  tbe  ball  is  a  small  room,  to 
which  a  bay  .window  has  been  added,  and  which 


'  Sea  Domeatic  Arcliitoctore,  vol  iii.  pp.  267 — 26 


350  Medieval  Homes  of  Gloucestershire.  [Oct. 

IB  now  used  as  a  parlour,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  passage  is  a  small  larder. 
The  porch,  which  is  not  vaulted,  has  an  open  vdndow  on  each  side  and  a  room  over;  it 
still  retains  the  original  hall  door,  with  its  ironwork.  In  one  of  the  upper  rooms  is 
a  fireplace  with  a  cornice  of  excellent  grape  and  vine-leaf  foliage.  The  seventeenth- 
century  addition  to  the  house  connsts  of  only  two  rooms,  a  dairy  and  a  kitchen, 
with  a  small  porch."— (pp.  267,  268.) 

At  AsHELWoBTH  is  a  very  perfect  manor-house  of  the  middle  or  latter 
half  of  the  fifteenth  century ;  the  interior  is  modernized,  and  the  hall 
divided  into  small  rooms,  hut  the  whole  of  the  roofs  and  walls  are  perfect, 
and  most  of  the  windows,  with  their  dripstones  and  tracery,  and  the  usnal 
seats  inside  the  windows. 

Campden,  or  Chippino  Cahpden,  contains  several  ancient  houses ;  the 
street  is  nearly  a  mile  long  and  of  a  fair  width,  in  the  middle  of  which 
stands  the  Market-house,  huilt  in  1624,  and  the  Court-house,  part  of  which 
is  of  the  fourteenth  century,  with  panelled  buttresses. 

Here  are  also  two  houses  of  the  fifteenth  century  nearly  opposite  to 
each  other,  one  of  which  is  a  "  capital  mansion,  supposed  to  have  been  the 
residence  of  the  wealthy  family  of  Gl-revil,  great  wool-staplers,  who  rebuilt 
the  church."  It  has  a  good  panelled  bay-window  of  two  stories,  which 
agrees  in  style  with  the  tower  of  the  church.  The  other  house  had  a  fine 
oriel  window,  the  exterior  has  been  mutilated,  but  within  there  is  a  fine  arch 
and  a  piece  of  groining,  with  part  of  the  roof  and  a  fireplace. 

At  DuBSLEY  there  is  a  small  house  of  the  Perpendicular  style,  about  the 
middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  ;  the  walls  are  washed  by  a  spring  of  water 
called  the  Broad  Well ;  it  has  a  tolerably  good  doorway  and  windows,  and 
a  small  chimney  on  the  point  of  the  gable ;  the  interior  is  modernized. 
The  Post-office  is  also  of  the  fifteenth  century,  but  much  altered. 

Gloucesteb.  There  is  a  timber- house  of  the  fifteenth  century,  called 
the  New  Inn,  with  a  very  rich  corner  post  (engraved  in  "  Domestic  Archi- 
tecture") ;  the  end  of  the  house  is  modernized;  it  stands  at  the  comer  of 
Northgate-street.  In  the  same  street  is  a  magnificent  gateway  of  oak, 
with  carved  spandrels  and  brackets.  The  castle  has  been  entirely  destroyed 
to  make  room  for  the  County  Gaol.  There  are  several  other  timber- 
houses  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.  One  has  particularly 
good  barge-boards,  which  look  like  fourteenth,  but  are  really  of  the 
fifteenth. 

The  ruins  of  Llantont  Abbet  consist  only  of  part  of  the  gatehouse,  the 
walls  of  a  fine  large  Perpendicular  barn,  cruciform,  with  good  buttresses, 
and  long  narrow  slits  for  windows ;  a  stable,  also  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
with  some  other  offices  joining  on  to  it,  the  lower  part  of  stone,  with  plain 
doors  and  windows  of  the  Perpendicular  style,  the  upper  part  of  wood,  in 
which  is  a  timber  hall  of  plain  work.  They  appear  to  have  been  only  farm 
buildings,  but  may  have  been  of  more  importance,  and  the  hall  possibly  the 


I860.]  Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire. 


gueste'  hall.  A  small  modem  house  has  been  built  in  the  ruins,  and  joins 
on  to  these  offices. 

Icons :  an  extensive  and  picturesque  pile  of  atone,  of  the  time  of 
Henry  VI. 

Leckhampton  Uanor-honee  is  partly  of  the  time  of  Hen.  VII.,  with  four 
chimneys  and  the  hall  windows  remuning,  bnt  the  rest  of  the  house  is 
modernized. 

Newbnt  :  m  this  small  border-town  a  house  is,  or  lately  was,  standing, 
called  the  Bootball,  which,  Leland  says,  was  originally  called  the  New  Inn. 
and  built  when  a  communication  was  first  opened  by  this  road  to  Wales. 
There  was  a  priory  here,  of  which  the  gatehouse  and  some  other  fragments 
are  still  in  existence. 

At  KiBLET,  near  the  church,  is  a  small  house,  probably  that  of  a  chantry- 
priest,  now  a  school-house.  It  was  reitored  in  1853,  with  new  windows 
and  doorways  in  the  Perpendicular  style.  Two  of  the  original  fireplaces 
remun,  but  both  altered ;  one  was  in  the  hall,  the  other  in  the  solar ;  the 
latter  has  a  rich  mantelpiece  of  panelled  work.  The  walls  are  old,  with 
remains  of  the  strings  and  buttresses. 

BoDUABTOK  Manor-house  is  in  part  of  the  fifteenth  and  uxteenth  centu- 
ries.    A  view  of  it  is  published  in  Lysons'  "  Gloucestershire  Antiquities." 

RiTABSEAii :  a  licence  was  granted  in  the  4th  Ednard  IV.  to  Alexander 
de  Bykenore,  clerk,  to  crenellate  his  mansion  here.  A  few  fragments  of  it 
are  still  standing. 

Stboud.  The  Town-ball  is  probably  of  the  fifteenth  century,  but  much 
modernized. 

SuDKLET  Casde  is  more  fully  described  by  Leland  than  usual : — 

"  The  Castle  of  Snddey  ia  abont  a  mile  from  Wmehecombe.     .    .    .    Boteler  Lord 


852  Medieval  Houses  of  Gloucestershire.  [Oct. 

Sndeley  made  this  castle  a  J^mdamentis,  and  when  it  was  made  it  had  the  prize  of  all 
the  bnUdings  in  those  dayes.  .  .  .  The  Lord  Sndeley  that  bnilded  the  castle  was 
a  famous  man  of  warre  in  K.  H.  5.  and  K.  H.  6.  dayes,  and  was  an  admirall  (as  I  have 
heard)  on  sea ;  whereupon  it  was  supposed  and  spoken,  that  it  was  partly  bnilded  ex 
tpoliis  Gallorum ;  and  some  speake  of  a  towre  in  it  called  Potmare's  Tower,  that  it 
should  be  made  of  a  ransome  of  his.  One  thing  was  to  be  noted  in  this  castle,  that 
part  of  the  windowes  of  it  were  glazed  with  berall.  There  had  been  a  manor-place  at 
Sndeley  before  the  building  of  the  castle,  and  the  plot  is  yet  seene  in  Sudeley  Parke 
where  it  stoode.  E.  £.  4.  bore  no  good  will  to  the  Lord  Sudeley,  as  a  man  suspected 
to  be  in  heart  K.  H.  6.  his  man :  whereupon  by  complaints  he  was  attached,  and  going 
up  to  London  he  looked  from  the  hill  to  Sudeley,  and  sayd,  Sudeley  Castle,  thou  art 
a  traytor,  not  /.  After  he  made  an  honest  declaration  and  sold  his  castle  of  Sudeley 
to  K.  E.  4.  Afterwards  E.  H.  7.  gave  this  castle  to  his  uncle,  Jasper  Duke  of  Bedford, 
or  permitted  him  to  have  the  use  of  it.    Now  it  goeth  to  mine,  more  pittye  *.*' 

Queen  Catherine  Parr  afterwards  resided  here  with  Sir  Thomas  Seymour, 
and  part  of  the  house  was  restored  at  that  time,  and  is  still  inhabited,  bav. 
ing  been  again  restored  at  great  expense  within  the  last  few  years ;  the 
remainder  is  still  a  picturesque  and  interesting  ruin,  probably  much  the 
same  as  it  was  in  Leland*s  days.  One  tower  of  the  castle  of  the  fourteenth 
century  has  been  preserved  between  the  ruins  of  the  hall  of  the  fifteenth 
and  the  present  Elizabethan  house ;  many  fragments  of  the  old  chapel  of 
the  house  of  the  fourteenth  have  also  been  dug  up,  and  are  carefully  pre- 
served ;  they  are  erroneously  supposed  to  have  been  brought  from  Winch- 
combe  Abbey.  The  walls  of  the  chapel  are  perfect,  with  a  very  good 
and  remarkable  tower  bell-cot.  The  roof,  and  fittings,  and  painted  glass 
have  been  very  handsomely  restored  by  the  present  proprietor,  Mr.  Dent, 
who  keeps  up  the  old  place  and  preserves  all  that  belonged  to  it  in  re- 
markably good  taste. 

CiBENCESTEB.  There  is  a  singular  building  over  the  south  porch  of  the 
church,  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII. ;  it  has  three  good  oriel  windows  of 
two  stories,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  intended  as  the  house  for  the 
chantry  priests,  but  perhaps  was  hardly  finished  before  the  Reformation, 
and  it  was  then  applied  to  other  purposes ;  there  are  also  two  gatehouses 
and  a  large  bam  belonging  to  the  abbey  buildings. 

CoALEY  is  an  ancient  mansion  of  stone,  with  wooden  windows,  and  framed 
and  panelled  partitions  on  both  floors,  of  the  latter  end  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Down  Amney  House  was  erected  by  Sir  Antony  Hungerford,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  but  has  been  so  much  modernized  that  very  little 
ancient  character  remains.  The  gateway,  flanked  by  embattled  towers, 
has  crocketed  gables  and  domed  turrets. 

Gloucestek.  The  Crypt  Grammar-school  House  is  a  plain  building  of 
late  Perpendicular  work,  the  walls  perfect,  with  the  doors  and  windows, 
but  the  interior  and  roof  are  modem. 


Itin.,  vol.  iv.  pt.  ii.  fol.  170  a. 


:ired 

were 

.:ture. 

!i,  and 

vies  of 

or  pro- 

II  great 

ve  go  in 

it  one  in 

so  closely 

objects  of 

)c  cordially 

ry)  of  well- 

. .  where  be  is 

devoted  more 

us  the  results. 

urhood  of  Bor- 

'r^t  closely  con- 

:-  for  the  longest 

-..en  afflicted  ever 

■d  to  preserve  the 

)^t  other  districts, 

■  cinain  to  a  great 

.  csent  work.     The 

:vely  unimportant: 

.o»t  other  cities,  and 

Ik  dominion;  but  the 

•  sqiie  buildings,  ap- 

vith  England.    There 

-   Hazas  and  Uzeste. 

itr  staple  of  the  work, 

1.,  to  which  some  at- 

i 'inker  in  his  work  on 

:\  de  Vemeilh  in  the 


."s  fortifi^  ForteresBCB  et 
.'liiise.  Par  L^  Drouyn.'* 


854  Medieval  Souses  of  Gloucestershire,  [Oct. 

have  of  the  period,  with  details,  machicolations,  and  chimneys  of  moulded 
brick. 

Leland  thus  describes  it : — 

"  Edward  late  Duke  of  Bokkyngbam  likeynge  the  soyle  aboate  and  the  site  of  the 
bowse,  pulled  doune  a  greate  part  of  the  old  bowse,  and  sette  up  magnificently  in  g^ood 
squared  stone  the  sontbe  syde  of  it,  and  accomplished  the  west  parte  also  with  a  right 
comely  gate-bowse  to  the  first  soyle :  and  so  it  standeth  yet  with  a  hafe  forced  for 
a  time.    This  inscription  on  the  front  of  the  gate  bowse : — 

*^))is  gate  bias  begon  in  t^e  pere  of  ottr  XoxXi  ®otr  1511,  i^t  2  vere  of  t|^e 
reigne  of  IKtinge  l^entp  t^e  VMSi.  be  me  lElrbiarTi  Bake  of  ISakk^ngf^am,  '£rlc  of 
1|erefonr,  Stafortr,  anu  i^ortl^ampton/ 

The  Duke's  motto  Dorene  Savant  (Dorenavant.)  The  foundacions  of  a  very  spadons 
base  courte  was  then  begun,  and  certayne  gates,  and  towyres  in  the  castell  lyke.  It 
is  of  iiii.  or  v.  yerdes  bighe,  and  so  remaynetb  a  token  of  a  noble  piece  of  worke  purr 
poeid.  There  was  a  gallery  of  tymbre  in  the  bake  syde  of  the  bowse  joinynge  to  the 
north  syde  of  the  paroche  churche  f ." 

A  very  full  and  accurate  survey  of  this  castle,  made  in  the  fifth  year  of 
the  reign  of  Queen  ^Elizabeth,  a.d.  1582,  is  printed  in  Leland*s  Collectanea, 
vol.  ii.  p.  658,  and  reprinted  in  firitton*8  •*  Architectural  Antiquities," 
vol.  iv.  p.  127. 

Another  survey,  made  immediately  after  the  execution  of  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  has  been  recently  found  in  the  Public  Records,  and  a  tran- 
script of  it,  kindly  supplied  by  T.  D.  Hardy,  Esq.,  the  Assistant  Keeper  of 
the  Records,  is  printed  in  my  work,  (vol.  iii.  p.  263). 

There  was  a  private  chapel,  and  the  following  extract  illustrates  what 
has  been  said  as  to  the  double  chapel,  with  a  single  sacrarium : — 

**  The  utter  part  of  the  cbappel  is  a  fair  room  for  people  to  stand  in  at  service  time, 
and  over  the  same  are  two  rooms  or  petitions  with  each  of  them  a  chimney,  where  the 
Duke  and  Dutchess  used  to  sit  and  hear  service  in  the  cbappelL" 

A  beautiful  series  of  engravings  of  the  details  of  the  castle  is  published 
in  the  second  series  of  Pugin's  "  Examples." 

There  are  considerable  remains  of  the  kitchen  and  ofiices ;  and  the  very 
extensive  outer  court,  which  was  the  farm-yard  surrounded  by  farm  build- 
ings and  stables,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  Middle  Ages,  still  continued 
in  the  time  of  Henry  YIII.  This  practice  of  having  one  of  the  principal 
entrances  through  the  farm -yard  may  be  seen  in  a  great  number  of  in- 
stances in  castles,  houses,  and  abbeys.. 

'  Itin.,  vol.  vii.  p.  75  a. 


I860.]  355 


LA  GUIEl^NE  ANGLAISE^ 

La  Guienne  Anglaise  is  a  title  which  ought  at  once  to  arrest  the  atten- 
tion of  an  English  antiquary  or  student  of  history.  For  three  hundred 
years  Guienne  was  an  English  province^  and  those  three  centuries  were 
precisely  the  period  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the  study  of  architecture. 
From  1150  to  1450  this  province  was  attached  to  the  English  crown,  and 
this  is  precisely  the  period  during  which  the  great  changes  in  the  styles  of 
architecture  took  place.  Yet  there  is  perhaps  hardly  any  country  or  pro- 
vince of  which  Englishmen  in  general  are  so  ignorant.  We  know  a  great 
deal  more  about  Ceylon,  (thanks  to  Sir  Emerson  Tennant,)  and  we  go  in 
shoals  "  up  the  Rhine"  and  through  Belgium  every  year,  but  not  one  in 
a  thousand  of  English  travellers  ever  thinks  of  visiting  a  district  so  closely 
connected  with  the  history  of  our  own  country,  and  so  full  of  objects  of 
interest.  Such  a  work  as  the  one  before  us  can  hardly  fail  to  be  cordially 
welcomed  in  England.  The  author  is  an  artist  (and  antiquary)  of  well- 
established  and  well-deserved  reputation ;  a  native  of  Bordeaux,  where  he  is 
one  of  the  Professors  in  the  Grovemment  College,  and  he  has  devoted  more 
than  twenty  years  to  the  researches  of  which  he  here  gives  us  the  results. 
The  department  of  the  Gironde,  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  Bor- 
deaux, is  precisely  that  part  of  France  which  was  the  most  closely  con- 
nected with  England,  and  which  remained  faithful  to  her  for  the  longest 
period ;  and  the  poverty  with  which  the  country  has  been  afflicted  ever 
since  it  lost  the  English  market  for  its  produce  has  tended  to  preserve  the 
buildings  of  that  period  in  a  more  perfect  state  than  in  most  other  districts. 
The  medieval  fortifications  of  the  towns  and  castles  remain  to  a  great 
extent  intact,  and  these  form  the  chief  subject  of  the  present  work.  The 
churches  are  not  overlooked,  but  they  are  comparatively  unimportant: 
those  of  Bordeaux  itself  are  indeed  equal  to  those  of  most  other  cities,  and 
belong  for  the  most  part  to  the  period  of  the  English  dominion ;  but  the 
country  churches  are  generally  small  early  Romanesque  buildings,  ap- 
parently belonging  to  the  time  previous  to  the  anion  with  England.  There 
are,  however,  some  remarkable  exceptions,  such  as  Bazas  and  Uzeste. 
The  castles  and  fortified  towns  will,  however,  form  the  staple  of  the  work, 
and  these  will  include  the  bastides  built  by  Ekiward  1.,  to  which  some  at- 
tention has  been  called  of  late  in  England  by  Mr.  Parker  in  his  work  on 
Domestic  Architecture,  and  in  France  by  M,  Felix  de  Vemeilh  in  the 
Annales  Archeologiques, 

*■  **  La  Guienne  Anglaise.  Histoire  et  Description  dee  Vilies  fortifi^,  ForteresBes  et 
Oiateaux  construit  dans  la  Gironde  pendant  la  domination  Anglaise.  Far  Leo  Drouyn." 
(Bordeaox.    4to.,  Livraisons  1,  2,  8.) 


356  La  Guienne  Anglaise,  [Oct. 

The  English  sovereigns  evidently  took  a  deep  interest  in  this  province, 
and  always  encouraged  the  fortification  of  the  towns  and  the  erection  of 
castles  for  the  greater  security  of  the  country,  and  to  check  the  bands 
of  brigands  who  infested  the  whole  of  France  during  the  greater  part  of 
that  period.  When  there  was  no  standing  army  nor  police  capable  of  con- 
tending with  these  "free  companies"  of  robbers,  whom  the  government 
both  of  Erance  and  England  in  vain  endeavoured  to  suppress,  the  lords  and 
the  people  were  obliged  to  rely  chiefly  on  their  fortifications  to  guard  them 
against  the  sudden  surprises  which  were  the  usual  tactics  of  the  "free 
companies."  Of  the  more  peaceful  monuments  of  that  period  of  perpetual 
disturbance,  a  few  of  the  bridges  and  the  corn-mills  are  all  that  remain  to 
us.  In  the  present  state  of  prosperity,  which  has  been  brought  about  by 
the  strong  government  of  Louis  Napoleon,  and  which  is  likely  to  increase 
rapidly  under  the  effects  of  the  new  treaty  of  commerce,  these  monuments  of 
the  Middle  Ages  are  rapidly  disappearing.  Every  year  witnesses  the  destruc- 
tion of  some  of  them  ;  the  towns  find  their  old  limits  too  small,  and  their 
walls  are  like  a  straight-jacket,  which  must  be  removed  to  give  them  room 
to  expand.  M,  L^o  Drouyn's  work  is  thus  just  in  time  to  preserve  a  faithful 
record  of  historical  monuments,  many  of  which  have  already  disappeared 
since  he  made  his  drawings  and  plans  of  them.  It  is  true  that  in  France 
much  more  attention  is  given  to  the  preservation  of  historical  monuments 
than  in  England;  the  more  important  buildings  are  all  enumerated  and 
marked  as  public  property,  and  no  one  is  allowed  to  destroy  them  or  injure 
them  without  permission  from  the  Government,  who  send  a  competent 
architect  to  examine  the  matter  before  such  consent  is  given.  But  this  ap- 
plies chiefly  to  the  cathedrals  and  important  buildings.  There  remains 
a  large  class  which  is  at  the  mercy  of  small  and  ignorant  proprietors,  and 
which  no  government  influence  can  preserve.  There  is,  therefore,  great 
need  of  such  a  work  as  M.  Leo  Drouyn  has  undertaken,  and  the  care  with 
which  he  appears  to  be  carrying  it  out  is  deserving  of  all  praise.  The  whole 
of  the  plates  are  drawn  and  engraved  by  his  own  hands,  with  the  help  of 
his  son  only,  so  that  there  is  no  chance  of  the  engraver  mistaking  and  mis- 
representing the  drawing,  as  sometimes  happens. 

f       An  interesting  question  arises  naturally  from  looking  at  this  work.  Was 
*  the  architecture  of  Guienne  influenced  by  that  of  England  ?  or  was  the 

m  architecture  of  England  influenced  by  the  close  intercourse  with  Guienne  ? 

I  That  there  is  a  connection  between  the  two  is  evident,  as  the  first  glance  at 
the  plates  of  this  work  shews.  The  excellent  views  and  details  of  the  castle 
of  Roquetaillade,  for  instance,  might  almost  pass  for  those  of  Conway  or 
Carnarvon.  Whether  they  are  of  earlier  or  of  later  date  is  a  question  to 
be  decided  by  the  researches  of  M.  L^o  Drouyn.  We  know  that  both 
Richard  Coeur-de-Lion  and  Edward  I.  were  great  builders  of  castles,  and 
well  acquainted  with  the  best  modes  of  defence  in  their  time ;  in  fact,  they 
were  both  great  military  architects.     The  **  Chateau  Gaillard"  was  in  ad- 


La  Guienne  Anglaise. 


358  La  Guienne  Anglaise,  [Oct. 

/  vance  of  any  castle  in  Europe  of  its  day,  and  the  castles  of  Edward  I.  were 
L  equally  so.  Richard  had  profited  by  his  experience  in  Palestine,  and 
I  Edward  by  his  wars  in  this  very  province  of  Guienne  in  his  youth,  but  as 
we  have  records  of  his  sending  to  London  for  skilled  men  {prudhommes) 
to  lay  out  the  plans  of  his  towns,  it  remains  an  open  question  whether  he 
acquired  the  improved  art  of  fortification  in  France  or  imported  it  from 
England. 

Our  author  has  prefixed  to  his  work  an  able  sketch  of  the  early  history 
of  the  province,  and  an  account  of  the  fortresses  erected  before  it  came 
under  the  English  dominion,  beginning  with  the  primitive  habitations  in 
caves,  and  going  on  with  the  earthworks  of  the  Celts  or  other  early  in- 
habitants. One  of  the  most  remarkable  of  these  is  Boqubpoet,  supposed 
to  have  been  a  fortress  of  the  Celts  or  the  Gauls«  It  occupies  the  summit 
of  a  triangular  promontory,  or  tongue  of  land,  of  considerable  extent,  the 
length  from  the  point  of  the  promontory  to  the  vallum,  A  A,  which  cut  off 
the  connection  with  the  table-land,  being  about  800  feet.  This  vallum  is 
about  8  feet  high,  upwards  of  60  feet  wide,  and  nearly  700  feet  long ;  on 
the  outer  edge  of  this  embankment  was  a  wall  of  rough  stone  without  mor- 
tar, about  8  feet  thick,  but  of  which  the  original  height  could  not  be  Ascer- 
tained.  The  sides  of  the  hill  are  very  abrupt,  and  covered  with  loose  stones, 
apparently  thrown  down  from  the  top,  and  along  the  edge  of  the  promontory 
is  an  artificial  platform,  or  turf  road  (chemin  vert)*  Within  this  large  en- 
closure quantities  of  broken  pottery  have  been  found  of  the  black  and  coarse 
kind,  also  quantities  of  cut  flints,  arrow-heads,  knives,  and  hatchets,  but  all 
broken  by  the  plough,  as  the  land  is  fertile  and  has  been  long  under  cultiva- 
tion. All  these  flints  must  have  been  brought  there,  as  they  are  not  the 
natural  product  of  the  soil.  A  spring  at  B  furnishes  an  abundant  supply 
of  water.  A  castle  of  the  thirteenth  century  has  been  built  at  the  extreme 
point  of  the  promontory,  now  replaced  by  a  modern  house,  not  on  the  same 
site,  and  leaving  the  old  walls  standing. 

The  camp  of  Charlemagne  at  Cabara  is  another  very  remarkable  earth- 
work, which  tradition  says  is  the  site  of  a  very  sanguinary  battle.  A  is  an 
elevated  square  platform  on  a  promontory  in  the  valley  of  the  Bordog^e ; 
B  B  B  are  the  ditches,  20  feet  wide,  of  which  the  original  depth  cannot 
now  be  ascertained  ;  C  a  terrace  on  the  level  with  the  bottom  of  the  ditch 
on  one  side,  but  overlooking  the  steep  slope  H  ;  at  D  there  is  a  dump  of 
trees,  here  the  depth  of  the  ditch  is  about  25  feet ;  E  F  is  a  narrow  terrace 
between  the  ditch  and  the  slope  of  the  hill ;  I  K  a  perpendicular  bank 
12  feet  high  between  the  two  terraces  C  and  H;  below  this  the  hill  is 
extremely  steep. 

At  Puynormand  there  are  some  slight  remains  also  of  a  castle  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  but  evidently  on  the  site  of  an  earUer  earthwork  belonging  in 
character  to  the  northern  tribes.  It  occupies  the  summit  of  an  isolated 
hill,  all  round  the  base  of  which  the  soil  has  been  cut  away  to  a  perpendi- 


I860.]  la  Guientie  Anglaise.  359 

cukr  cliff  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  feet  high,  so  that  the  ascent  is  impracticable 
except  at  points  left  for  the  purpose.     This  first  obstacle  s 


next  meet  on  the  slope  of  the  hill  with  the  bank,  or  vallum,  D,  which  was 
further  protected  by  palisades ;  this  is  followed  by  a  wide  and  deep  ditch, 
and  another  vallum,  C,  with  a  barbican,  A,  to  protect  the  entrance.  Within 
these  entrenchments  were  the  walls  of  the  castle,  forming  a  lar^  parallelo- 
grnm  vnth  the  corners  rounded  off;  this  incloses  a  space  of  aboat  280  feet 
long  by  180  vride.  The  close  resemblance  between  these  works  and  the 
Celtic  works  in  Ireland  and  in  Britain  is  too  obvious  to  require  pointing 
out  in  detail. 

These  extracts  suffice  to  shew  the  careful  manner  in  which  the  author 
proceeds,  and  how  thoroughly  he  clears  the  way  before  him.  We  hope 
hereafter  to  return  to  this  interesting  work  and  give  some  notices  of  the 
English  castles  and  towns.  The  magnificent  Edwardian  castle  of  Roque- 
tailkde,  and  the  curions  old  town  of  Rions,  are  all  that  have  yet  appeared. 

We  wish  to  direct  attention  to  another  publication'',  which  forms  an 

^  "Archivea  Hiitoriqoei  da  MpaTtsmsiit  de  la  Oinmde.  4to.,  1869,"  (Bordnai; 
GoiinouilhoD.     Paria:  Aubry.) 


360  La  Guienne  Anglaise,  [Oct. 

indispensable  supplement  to  La  Guienne  Anglaise,  The  one  is  an 
archseological  work  with  artistic  illustrations,  the  other  a  collection  of 
historical  documents  relating  to  the  same  country  or  district — Bordeaux 
and  its  immediate  neighbourhood.  Both  belong  as  much  to  the  history 
of  England  as  to  the  history  of  France :  during  the  period  to  which  the 
greater  part  of  these  documents  belong  Bordeaux  was  an  English  city, 
and  the  adjoining  country  an  English  province.  These  documents  are 
published  by  a  society  recently  established  for  the  purpose,  entitled 
**  Society  des  Archives  Historiques  du  D6partement  de  la  Gironde.**  It 
comprises  many  of  the  principal  inhabitants  of  the  city,  and  is  closely 
connected  with  the  municipality,  for  it  is  provided  by  the  rules  that,  in 
case  of  the  Society  coming  to  an  end,  the  whole  of  the  property  is  to  be 
transferred  to  the  corporation  of  the  city  of  Bordeaux.  The  subscription 
is  20  francs  a-year  for  residents,  and  12  francs  for  non-residents,  and  each 
member  is  entitled  to  a  copy  of  the  publications  of  the  Society.  As  no 
more  are  printed  than  what  are  required  for  the  supply  of  the  members, 
the  works  are  likely  hereafter  to  rise  in  the  market  rather  than  otherwise. 

The  source  from  which  these  documents  are  taken  is  chiefly  the  ar- 
chives of  the  city  of  Bordeaux  itself,  which  are  very  voluminous ;  but 
the  managers  of  the  Society  are  perfectly  aware  that  there  exists  an  im- 
mense number  of  documents  relating  to  the  history  of  Bordeaux  in  London* 
Paris,  and  in  many  other  places,  and  they  hope  from  time  to  time  to  add 
documents  of  interest  and  importance  from  these  sources.  The  publication 
is  directed  and  superintended  by  a  committee  of  competent  persons,  divided 
into  four  sections,  each  of  which  takes  charge  of  some  one  part  of  the  work. 
The  documents  are  not  arranged  in  any  particular  order,  it  was  found 
impracticable  to  do  this,  but  full  indexes,  dates  of  arrangement  and  of 
chronology  are  promised.  The  first  document  in  the  collection  is  of  the 
date  of  1101,  a  confirmation  by  the  Bishop  of  Bordeaux  of  a  donation  of 
his  predecessor  to  the  church  of  St.  Vivien.  The  second  is  of  1252,  the 
oath  of  allegiance  of  the  mayor  and  commune  of  St.  Emilion  to  Simon  de 
Montfort,  as  Duke  of  Gascony,  and  representative  of  the  king,  Henry  III. 
The  third  of  1254,  the  oath  of  allegiance  of  Pierre  Bertrand  de  Blanque- 
fort  to  the  King  of  England.  Blanquefort  was  the  strongest  castle  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  Bordeaux.  Passing  over  several  deeds  re- 
lating the  wars  of  Keligion  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  other  subjects 
not  connected  with  England,  we  come  to  a  series  of  petitions  to  Ed- 
ward I.,  which  afford  a  valuable  insight  into  the  state  of  the  coimtry 
and  the  manners  of  the  period.  Several  petition  for  the  restitution  of 
property  in  Gascony  lost  during  the  wars,  and  are  gpiinted  half  of  the 
value  stated ;  one  is  from  a  citizen  of  Bordeaux  for  the  restoration  of 
his  wife,  who  had  been  taken  from  him  by  force;  another  for  per- 
mission  to  bear  arms;  another,  from  a  Gascon  lord  employed  in  Scot* 
land,  to  be  indemnified  for  the  loss  of  his  lands  in  Gascony ;  another, 
3 


J  8  60.]  Church-yard  Crosses.  361 

from  the  chaplain  of  the  castle  of  Bordeaux  for  payment  of  his  wages, 
{gages,)  which  is  ordered.  In  the  fourteenth  century  are  several  deeds  for 
the  enfranchisement  of  serfs.  Some  of  the  documents  are  in  Latin,  others 
in  French,  and  others  in  the  patois  of  the  country.  To.  each  is  prefixed 
a  short  abstract,  and  the  particulars  of  where  the  original  is  preserved. 
The  whole  seems  to-be  done  with  care  and  judgment;  but  there  appears 
to  us  rather  too  great  a  preponderance  of  documents  of  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries.  The  work  is,  however,  on  the  whole,  one  of  that 
authentic  and  valuable  character  that  is  very  creditable  to  the  Society  which 
has  produced  it,  and  which  ought  to  be  placed  in  all  good  libraries  in; 
England. 


CHUECH-YAED  CROSSES. 

At  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Leicestershire  Architectural  and  Archsed- 
logical  Society,  Mr.  Wing  made  some  interesting  remarks  on  Church-- 
yard  Ci-osses,  chiefly  in  reference  to  those  in  that  county : — 

"  Very  many  relics  of  antiquity  of  this     gelists;  and  from  the  centre  of  the  taber- 
class,"   he  said,   *' are  still  in  existence,     nade  rises  the  cross.   The  cross  at  Steving* 
One  of  the  most  ancient  in  this  district  is     ton,  Bedfordshire,  will  exemplify  this :  in. 
to  be  seen  at  Rothle j ;  it  has  been  a«cribed .    it  the  head  is  chiefly  a  restoration ;  the 
to  the  Saxon  period,  but  itk  date  is  pro-     lower  part  of  the  niches,  with  all  below, 
bably  soon  after  the  Conquest.    Not  a  few     is  ancient.   The  feet  of  the  figures  remain,, 
have    eridently  possessed  great    beauty,     but  the  figures  themselves  have  not  been 
though    the  eunstruction    of  these    has     restored.    In  many  places  where  this  ele* 
usually  been  of  so  fragile   a  character,     gant  structure  has  been  destrayed,,^  rem* 
that  only  fragments  remain  to  tell  their  nant  of  the  tabernacle  part  is  still  in  ex- 
pristine  merit.    Some  have  been  rich  in  isteuce,  lying  about  in  the  cburch-yar^ 
sculpture.    The  shaft  at  Higham  Ferrers  puzzling  every  one,  it  may  be^  to«tell  what 
is  an  exquisite  piece  of  work.    The  cruci-  it  has  pertained  to. .  Tha  head  is  oftf n 
fixion  was  not  unfrequently  portrayed  on  much  larger  in  proportibnr  than  the  bead 
the  front,  and  on  the  back  the  patron  of  that  of  Stevington,  and  when  the  block 
saint.     In  the  remains  of  the  church-yard  only  remains  which,  has:  ^)een  the  base  of 
cross  at  Sherborne,  in.  Yorkshire,  we  have  such  a  cross,  its  previous- existence  in  that 
a  fine  example.     Sometimes  the  foot  of  form  may,  with  some  probability,  be  in* 
the   cross  was  carved  with  figures  and  ferred  from  a  hole  in  the  north  ^and  south 
devices.     The  shaft  was  not  uncommonly  sides,  about  two  inches  square,  and  some- 
surmounted    with    tabernacle   work;    in  times  on  each  of  the  four  side»:  this,  it 
some  instances,  containing  a  figure  of  the  may  be  presumed,  would  receive  >a  hold- 
Saviour  on  one  side,  and  the  Virgin  Mary  fiist  for  the  iron  rod,^  which  wopld  be 
on  the  other,  but  more  frequently  having  necessary    to    support    the    upper    part. 
four  sides,  with  the  four  Evangelists,  or  Where  the  shaft  is  complete,  as;  at.  Eirby 
the  Evangelistic  symbols..    Others,  again,  Bellars,  for  example,  there  is  to  be  seen 
were  built  for  a  preacher  to  stand  in,  as  on  each  side,  near  the  top  of  it,  the  phice 
the  one  at  Iron  Acton,  in  Qloucestershire.  where  the  iron-work  connected  with  thd> 
"  '1  here  is  one  form  which  demands  our  rod  was  fastened.    There  has  been  a  very 
more  special  consideration,  as  it  is  fbund  handsome  one  at  Thorpe  Arnold,    near 
to  be  more  or  less  a  type  of  many  in  Melton.    At  Kirby,  the  head  of  the  cross 
various  and  distant  parts  of  the  country,  has  been  equally  elaborate^  and  ha^i  been 
It  may  be  described  thus : — There  is  the  carried  up  to  such  a.  height  as  to  require 
calvary  or  base  divided  into  three  or  more  much  external  support.    The  remains  of 
stages;  this  is  surmoxmted  by  a  shaft;  at  it  are  now  in  the  church«yard  wall,  and 
the  top  of  the  shaft  is  a  sculptured  piece  they  shew  that  the  iron  has  been  at- 
of  stonework,    having    four    sides,  with  tached  in  many  places,  and  even  above 


»>. 


canopies,  and  figures  of  the  four  Evan-    the  canopies.' 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  v  u 


862  [Oct. 


CHTJECH  HISTORY  OF  SCOTLAIO)*. 

We  think  that  Mr.  Cuningham  has  supplied  a  decided  desideratum,  and 
has,  moreover,  done  so  in  a  very  able  and  sufficient  fiuhion.  Scotland  is 
famous  for  historians,  and  Scottish  history  is  in  very  great  measure  a  history 
of  the  Scottish  Church ;  yet  it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  hitherto  there 
has  scarcely  been  a  Church  History  of  Scotland.  Stephen's  History  is  a 
very  full  and  laborious  work,  but  unfortunately  it  only  dates  from,  the  He- 
formation  ;  Mr.  Hetherington's  History  is  eloquent  and  picturesque,  bat  it 
is  not  very  much  better  than  an  angry  and  one-sided  account  of  the  Disrup- 
tion. In  addition  to  these,  we  have  the  Episcopalian  work  of  Spottiswood» 
and  the  Presbyterian  work  of  Calderwood.  Mr.  Cuningham  is  diligent  and 
accurate ;  his  style  is  also  clear,  manly,  and  sensible.  He  possesses  the 
virtues,  perhaps  rather  rare  among  the  theologians  of  his  country,  of  toler- 
ance and  impartiality.  It  is  something  gratifying  to  find  a  Scottish  clergy- 
man who  can  employ  the  language  of  censure  in  reference  to  Knox,  and 
the  language  of  sympathy  in  reference  to  the  Regent,  Mary  of  Ghiise. 

The  work  certainly  partakes  a  little  too  much  of  the  character  of  a  com- 
pilation. The  author  is  somewhat  deficient  in  breadth  of  view.  A  nation's 
Church  history  is  necessarily  only  a  chapter  in  the  history  of  religion.  Such 
a  history  is  surrounded  and  intersected  by  secular  history.  Mr.  Cuning- 
ham fails  to  grasp  his  subject  in  all  its  manifold  relations.  Fifty  pages  in 
these  two  bulky  volumes  would  make  the  reader  familiar  with  a  very  neces- 
sary amount  of  additional  political  information.  Fifty  pages  mare  would 
have  given  us  a  general  view  of  that  great  religious  history  to  which  this 
only  stands  in  the  relation  of  a  part  to  a  whole.  That  this  may  be  done  is 
clear  from  the  terse. and  luminous  wisdom  with  which  Mr.  Hallam  at  the 
close  of  his  *'  Constitutional  History*'  has  written  his  concluding  chapter  on 
Scotland.  We  do  not,  then,' think  that  Mr.  Cuningham  possesses  the  quali- 
ties of  a  great  historian ;  but  he  certainly  possesses  qualities  in  which  great 
historians  have  been  lamentably  deficient.  From  the  time  of  Eusebius 
downwards  great  charges  have  been  brought  against  Church  historians  of 
onesidedness  and  a  want  of  literary  integrity.  As  we  have  intimated, 
Mr.  Cuningham  is  remarkably  free  from  any  imputation  of  this  description. 
Although  he  would  doubtless  be  superseded  by  a  really  great  ecclesiastical 
historian,  such  men  are  rare  enough,  and  for  the  present  thb  History  will 
become  a  standard  work  for  safe  information  and  easy  reference.  We  may 
safely  congratulate  the  author.     It  is  something  to  have  filled  up  an  im- 

•  **  The  Church  History  of  Scotland,  from  the  commencement  of  the  Christian  Era 
to  the  present  Century.  By  the  Bey.  John  Cuningham,  Minister  of  Criefll"  (Edin- 
burgh :  Adam  and  Charles  Black.) 


I860.]  Church  History  of  Scotland.  363 

portant  gap  in  historical  literature  in  a  manner  not  unworthy  of  its  high 
requirements.  It  is  something,  too,  to  have  produced  an  Ecclesiastical 
History  where  religious  topics  are  treated  with  historic  accuracy,  and  histo- 
rical details  are  told  with  religious  candour. 

Mr.  Cuningham  belongs  to  the  Macaulay  school  of  writers,  and  the  in- 
fluence of  Lord  Macaulay  upon  his  style  and  mode  of  thought  is  evident 
and  is  great.  We  are  not  surprised,  therefore,  that  the  historical  dement  far 
predominates  over  the  theological.  Mr.  Cuningham  is,  perhaps,  a  little  too 
much  inclined  to  take  popular  views  of  things.  For  instance,  he  tells  us  that 
*'  Charles  the  First  ascended  the  throne  of  Great  Britain  amid  the  general 
acclamations  of  a  people  ever  inclined  to  think  highly  of  their  hereditary 
kings."  Nearly  all  the  histories  of  Charles  I.  begin  this  way.  It  is  a  sort 
of  rhetorical  trick  to  heighten  the  effect  of  the  tragic  close  of  the  reign. 
There  were  no  general  acclamations  at  all,  Mr.  Hallam  states  the  case 
much  more  truly  when  he  says,  "  It  does  not  appear  that  Charles  ever  en- 
joyed the  first  transient  sunshine  of  his  subjects'  affections."  Mr.  Cuningham 
is  very  fond  of  a  curious  word,  'concuss.'  "In  1633  the  king  had  con- 
cussed his  nobles  into  joining  in  the  Episcopal  service.  They  now  paid 
him  back  by  concussing  him  to  take  a  part  in  the  Presbyterian  one.  After 
all,  it  was  better  that  the  many  should  concuss  the  one,  than  that  the  on^ 
should  concuss  the  many.''  Again,  he  tells  us  that  Charles  the  Second 
"  seemed  to  be  sent  by  Providence  to  teach  them  the  folly  of  concussing  the 
conscience."  Some  of  Mr.  Cuningham's  quotations  are  made  with  great 
simplicity.  He  tells  us  of  some  modem  king  who  died,  and  was,  of  course^ 
succeeded  by  another  king.  Mr.  Cuningham  considers  it  necessary  to 
prove  his  point  by  multiplied  references  to  the  Histories.  Now,  unless 
some  substratum  of  fact  is  allowed,  nearly  every  page  of  history  would 
abound  in  quotations.  If  Mr.  Cuningham  wanted  to  tell  us  that  George 
the  Fourth  succeeded  George  the  Third,  we  suppose  he  would  support  his 
assertion  by  copious  extracts  from  the  Parliamentary  Histories,  the  Annual 
Register,  the  "  Times"  newspaper,  and  various  Histories  of  England. 

Let  us  select  a  few  salient  points  from  the  very  many  which  these 
crowded  volumes  present.  It  has  sometimes  happened  that  a  higher  cha- 
racter has  been  assigned  to  the  Scottish  Reformation  than  to  our  own.  It 
is  customary  to  dwell  upon  the  leading  features  of  the  English  Reformation ; 
that  it  was  political  rather  than  religious ;  that  it  originated  in  the  despotic 
will  of  the  King;  that  its  primary  objects  were  intensely  personal  and 
selfish, — the  riddance  of  a  disagreeable  wife,  the  abolition  of  a  foreign 
jurisdiction,  the  enjoyment  of  confiscated  property.  With  this  is  contrasted 
the  Reformation  in  Scotland,  so  genuinely  religious,  wrought  by  the  fool- 
ishness of  preaching,  the  spontaneous  work  of  a  convinced  people.  Mr.  Cun* 
ingham,  with  rare  candour,  points  out  that  this  statement  needs  consider- 
able modification.  It  would  be  more  correct  to  say,  that  while  the  Re- 
formation in  England  was  monarchical,  the  Reformation  in  Scotland  wap 


864  Church  History  of  Scotland.  [Oct. 

baronial.  The  last  was  far  from  being  the  popular  movement  it  is  gene* 
rally  supposed  to  be.  The  influence  of  the  English  nobility  was  perhaps 
at  the  lowest  ebb  it  has  ever  reached  before  or  since.  The  wars  of  the 
Roses  had  indefinitely  thinned  their  numbers,  the  iron  Tudor  will  effec* 
tually  curbed  their  spirit.  Moreover,  Henry  possessed  all  engines  of  terror, 
all  engines  of  attraction :  the  axe  in  the  Tower  was  thirsting  for  new  blood'; 
the  abbey  lands,  lying  by  pleasant  streams  and  upon  England's  richest  soil, 
screened  by  low  hills  and  overhanging  woods,  were  awaiting  new  lords. 
But  in  the  neighbour  land  of  Scotland,  the  iiarons,  always  a  fair  match  for 
the  stoutest  kings,  reigned  supreme  during  the  feebleness  of  a  long  mino- 
rity. Without  them,  Knox  might  have  preached  and  Wishart  have  been 
burned  in  vain.  The  lords  of  the  Congregation,  as  feudal  barons,  deter- 
mined the  faith  of  their  tenantry.  The  western  counties  became  Protestant 
according  to  the  Protestantism  of  Glencaim  and  Argyle.  Glasgow  and 
Paisley  vacillated  with  the  vacillation  of  the  g^eat  house  of  Hamilton.  But 
on  the  lands  where  the  Catholic  Huntley  was  lord,  Roman  Catholicism, 
strangely  contrasted  with  the  surrounding  Presbyterianism,  has  Kngered  on 
even  till  the  present  day. 

It  is  very  remarkable,  also,  how  foreign  politics  tinged  the  religion  of  the 
country,  and  determined  the  destinies  of  its  sovereigns.  These  influences 
were  centred  at  Leith  in  a  decisive  struggle,  during  the  famous  siege. 
The  town  was  held  by  a  French  garrison,  and  besieged  by  an  English 
army.  The  French  were  hereditary  allies,  but  the  English  were  the 
nearest  neighbours.  The  unpleasant  memories  of  Flodden  and  l^kie  still 
rankled  ai^ong  the  Scotch.  But  Elizabeth  had  discovered  that  gold  was 
a  safer  weapon  than  steel.  The  hardy  nobles  of  the  North  might  oppose 
to  her  their  impervious  vsdour,  but  money  must  be  necessarily  invincible 
among  a  noblesse  of  unlimited  pretensions  and  unlimited  poverty.  English 
coin  and  English  principles  grew  popular  among  the  nobles,  and  conse- 
quently among  the  people.  The  alliance  of  the  nation  with  England  made 
the  country  Protestant ;  the  alliance  of  the  Queen  with  France  made  the 
throne  Catholic.  It  was  not  difficult  either  to  foresee  that  a  struggle  was 
impending,  or  to  predict  in  what  way  such  a  struggle  would  terminate. 

Knox  was  certainly  the  great  preacher  of  Scotland,  and  has  to  an  indefi- 
nite extent  impressed  his  own  character  on  the  Reformation.  A  man  of 
his  intense  individuality  and  marvellous  history  could  scarcely  do  otherwise. 
He  commenced  his  pulpit  career  under  strong  outward  influences,  and  with 
a  strong  internal  struggle.  A  galley-slave  in  France,  he  meditated  over 
his  mission  while  nineteen  months  at  the  oar.  His  residence  at  Gkneva 
was,  so  to  speak,  another  great  educational  influence  upon  him.  There  he 
imbibed  a  close  personal  acquaintance  with  the  teachings  of  Calvin,  with 
the  teachings  also  of  the  vast  lonely  solitudes  of  lake  and  mountain.  His 
theological  tenets  were  shaped  into  severer  dogmatism ;  the  rigid  lines  of 
his  severe  character  were  still  more  sternly  hardened.    Among  the  little 


I860.]  Church  History  of  Scotland.  865 

congregation  of  the  faithful  at  Francfort  his  fierce  character  produced  fierce 
dissensions.  The  refugees  became  divided,  a  serious  scandal,  into  the  par- 
ties of  Knoxians  and  Coxians.  When  he  returned  to  Scotland,  his  zeal, 
eloquence,  and  influence  made  him  a  great  party  in  the  State.  Mr.  Cun- 
ingham,  however,  considers  that  the  preacher  was  rather  an  instrument  in 
the  hands  of  the  barons  than  that  the  barons  were  instruments  in  the  hands 
of  the  preacher.  Altar  and  image  fell  prostrate  at  his  dictation ;  the  rooks 
were  scattered  and  the  rookeries  pulled  down.  AH- powerful  when  he 
acted  with  the  nobility,  Knox  became  utterly  powerless  when  he  separated 
himself  from  them.  The  "  Book  of  Doctrine''  was  received  with  enthusiasm, 
but  the  "  Book  of  Discipline"  met  with  a  very  different  reception.  A  confes- 
sion of  faith  was  a  comparatively  easy  matter,  but  there  were  insuperable 
objections  to  justice,  judgment,  and  mercy.  When  Knox  intemperately  at- 
tacked the  beautiful  and  weeping  girl  whose  only  crime  was  her  religion, 
the  nobles  could  support  him  in  his  disloyal  and  unmanly  insolence ;  but 
when  he  laid  his  little  finger  upon  the  possessions  of  the  Church,  which  the 
rapacity  of  the  nobles  had  destined  for  themselves,  he  became  a  scorn  and 
reproach,  and  his  influence  resolved  itself  into  a  vanishing  fraction. 

No  chapter  is  more  conspicuous  in  Scottish  ecclesiastical  history  than 
the  era  of  the  Covenanters,  and  among  the  Covenanters  no  name  is  better 
known  than  the  common  and  unambitious  one  of  John  Brown.  His  death 
has  left  a  deep  stain  upon  the  high  courage  and  statesmanlike  qualities  of 
Dundee.  There  is  a  vast  amount  of  traditional  horror  connected  with  the 
name  of  Claverhouse  in  the  Lowlands,  which  in  itself  is  no  slight  evidence 
of  his  atrocities.  Lord  Macaulay,  in  his  usual  pictorial  and  somewhat  ex* 
aggerated  manner,  has  given  the  common  account  and  the  popular  view. 
Professor  Aytoun,  with  all  a  poet's  enthusiasm,  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
great  Jacobite  and  Cavalier,  and  in  a  note  to  his  ''  Lays  of  the  Scottish 
Cavaliers"  threw  discredit  upon  Macaulay,  and  upon  Macaulay's  authority, 
Wodrow.  In  the  last  number  of  "  Blackwood''  another  raid  is  made 
upon  Lord  Macaulay  and  in  favour  of  Dundee,  and  the  case  is  argued  with 
great  ability  and  entire  onesidedness.  Mr.  Cuningham  discusses  the 
matter  in  an  able  and  temperate  note,  and  gives  a  common-sense  adverse 
vote  against  Dundee.  Great  stress  has  been  laid  by  the  writer  in  "  Black- 
wood" on  Graham's  original  despatch  relating  to  the  event,  which  Mr. 
Mark  Napier  recently  published  in  his  *'  Memorials  and  Letters  Illustrative 
of  the  Life  and  Times  of  John  Grahame  of  Claverhouse,  Viscount  Dundee.'* 
The  writer  in  "Blackwood"  poetically  remarks, — "One  might  also  fancy 
that  the  spirit  of  the  hero  had  been  awakened  from  its  slumbers  by  the 
sound  of  the  only  voice  whose  slanders  he  deigned  to  answer,"  (i.  e.  Lord 
Macaulay's).  It  is  with  reluctance  and  diffidence  that  we  dissent  from  so 
esteemed  a  contemporary  as  Maga,  but  we  reaUy  do  not  see  that  this  letter 
disproves  Wodrow's  statement,  which  Macaulay  followed.  This  statement, 
it  will  be  recollected,  was,  that  Claverhouse  himself  blew  out  John  Brown's 


866  Church  History  of  Scotland.  [Oct. 

brains  while  he  was  praying.     The  following  is  the  essential  passage  of  the 
letter : — 

"  Ghrahame  of  Claverhouse  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  Queensherry,  9rd  May,  1685. 

*'  May  it  fleasb  youb  Gbaoe, — On  Friday  last,  Rinongst  the  hills  betwixt  Douglas 
and  the  Plonghlands,  we  pursued  two  fellows  a  great  way  through  the  mosses,  and  in  the 
end  seized  them.  They  had  no  arms  about  them,  and  denied  that  they  had  any.  Bat 
being  asked  if  they  would  take  the  abjuration,  the  eldest  of  the  two,  called  John  Brown, 
refused  it :  nor  would  he  swear  not  to  rise  in  arms  against  the  Mng,  but  said  '  he  knew 
no  king.'  Upon  which,  and  there  being  found  bullets  and  match  in  his  house,  and 
treasonable  papers,  I  caused  shoot  him  dead;  which  he  suffered  very  unconcernedly." 


Now  we  agree  with  Mr.  Cuningham  that  WodroVs  narrative  and  this 
letter  of  Claverhouse's  are  by  no  means  inconsistent  with  each  other.  If 
our  readers  will  consult  Wodrow,  they  will  see  that  up  to  a  certain  point 
the  details  are  in  perfect  harmony.  The  divergence  is  supposed  to  begin 
when  Wodrow  mentions  that  Brown's  wife  and  children  stood  by  him 
when  he  was  shot.  But  this  divergence  is  by  no  means  a  real  one,  for 
Claverhouse  was  not  in  the  least  called  upon  to  mention  the  fact,  neither 
was  he  a  man  who  would  attach  any  importance  to  the  circumstance. 
Neither,  when  we  come  to  examine  the  point,  is  there  much  difference 
between  the  expression,  **  I  caused  shoot  him  dead,**  and  Wodrow's  asaer- 
tion  that  Claverhouse  himself  shot  Brown.  For  Claverhouse,  having  simply 
to  state  the  fact  of  the  execution,  would  not  think  it  necessary  to  enter 
into  details  which  would  place  him  in  no  favourable  light  even  with  such 
a  man  as  Queensberry.  We  must  decline  to  accept  the  mere  ipse  dixii  of 
the  accused,  especially  when  it  is  of  such  a  very  negative  character*  It  is 
worth  while  to  consider  for  a  moment  the  other  matters  mentioned  in  Gra* 
ham's  dispatch.  We  own  that  we  do  not  assign  any  importance  to  the 
bullets  and  match.  The  '*  treasonable  papers,"  Mr.  Cuningham  plausibly 
suggests,  were  something  like  the  '^  Westminster  Confession,"  or  Ruther- 
ford's "  Letters,"  or  Guthrie's  "  Causes  of  God's  Wrath."  Certainly  if 
they  were  anything  of  importance,  the  contents  would  either  have  been 
mentioned,  or  they  would  have  been  forwarded  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  for 
perusal.  The  refusal  to  acknowledge  the  king  was  what  all  Cameronians 
would  concur  in  doing,  for  they  held  that  only  a  covenanted  king  could 
rule  in  a  covenanted  land :  an  opinion  retained  to  this  day  by  the  Eeformed 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland.  Li  reference  to  Brown's  refusal  to 
swear,  whether  rightly  or  wrongly,  it  has  been  the  theory  of  the  English 
constitution,  since  the  Revolution,  that  subjects  under  certain  circumstances 
may  lawfully  take  arms  against  their  sovereign.  Certainly  tyranny  had 
been  pushed  to  the  utmost  extent  against  the  Covenanters.  It  is  not  <m 
grounds  like  these  that  human  life  should  be  barbarously  and  wantonly 
sacrificed.     Mr.  Cuningham  truly  says, — 

"  There  is  a  cold-bloodiness  in  the  tone  of  the  letter  which  1  do  not  like,  and  which 
few  men  will  like.    What  horrid  work  it  was  which  this  Claverhouse  had  to  do^  and 


1860.]  Church  History  of  Scotland.  367 

which  he  seems  to  have  had  a  pleasure  in  doing — knocking  down  his  poor  conntrymen 
and  cotmtrywomen,  and  butchering  them  in  cold  blood  at  their  cabin-doors." 

This  period  of  its  history  was  the  saddest  time  which  Scotland  ever 
knew.  Our  author,  in  dispassionately  setting  down  all  leading  facts,  is 
obliged  to  tell  much  which  such  writers  as  Mr.  Aytoun  think  best  to 
ignore.  Military  executions,  tortures  and  chains,  old  women  and  young 
children  left  to  the  tide  at  low-water  mark,  are  scarcely  poetical  facts  that 
rhetoric  can  place  in  a  roseate  point  of  view. 

The  Revolution  brought  some  degree  of  calm  and  quiet  to  the  troubled 
land.     Hitherto  there  had  been  the  wildness  of  a  storm  on  which  would 
break  no  pause,  the  darkness  of  a  night  on  which  would  shine  no  morning. 
In  however  objectionahle  a  mode,  some  adjustment  was  made  of  the  g^eat 
ecclesiastical  questions  which  agitated  the  country.     After  the  departure  of 
the  Stuarts  the  rabbling  process  was  carried  on  in  Scotland^     The  Presby- 
terians resolved  to  purify  the  temple,  and  purge  the  country  of  the  pre- 
latical  clergy.     Christmas-day,  as  heing  the  severest  season  of  the  year, 
seemed  highly  appropriate  for  casting  the  Established  clergy  loose  upon  the 
world.     The  process  of  rabbling  was  simple  and  decisive.     The  moh  tore 
his  gown  off  the  clergyman,  burnt  his  Prayer-book  hefore  his  eyes,  sent  his 
family  out  of  doors  and  his  furniture  out  of  window,  took  possession  of  the 
keys  both  of  manse  and  church,  and  forbad  the  pastor  ever  to  shew  his  face 
again  in  the  parish.     The  situation  of  Scotland  was  one  of  the  earliest  sub- 
jects which  demanded  William's  attention.     The  question  to  the  king's 
mind  seems  to  have  been  simply  whether  the  Presbyterians  or  Episcopalians 
could  render  him  the  greatest  service.     William  seems  to  have  thought 
that  the  substance  and  rank  of  the  country  mainly  belonged  to  the  Episco- 
palians.    He  made  the  Scottish  bishops  an  offer  to  take  them  by  the  hand 
and  support  their  order  against  the  Presbyterians,  if  they  would  undertake 
to  serve  him  in  return ;  but  when  the  Bishop  of  Edinburgh  told  him, — 
"  Sir,  I  will  serve  yon  so  far  as  law,  reason,  and  conscience  will  allow  me," 
William  was  not  slow  to  detect  the  purport  of  the  answer,  and  turned  round 
and  went  back  to  his  courtiers.    William  soon  found  that  the  Episcopalians 
clung  tenaciously  to  the  exiled  line.     When  he  resolved  to  leave  the  ques- 
tion to  a  majority  of  the  Scottish  parliament,  the  future  ecclesiastical  system 
of  Scotland  was  virtually  decided. 

From  this  point  the  history  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  flows  onward  with 
comparative  calmness.  The  strong  devil  of  bigotry  and  intolerance,  so  long 
predominant  in  Presb3rterian  annals,  becomes  curbed  by  the  arm  of  the  law 
and  the  increased  amenities  of  social  life.  At  the  very  time,  however,  of 
the  Bevolution,  the  use  of  torture  in  Scotland,  to  be  employed  in  occasional 
cases,  was  tacitly  vindicated  and  retained.  At  the  very  time  of  the  Bills  of 
Toleration  and  Comprehension,  the  lad  Aikman  was  put  to  death  at  Edin- 
burgh, chiefly  by  the  exertions  of  the  ministers,  because  with  boyish  scep- 
ticism he  had  talked  some  absurd  infidelity.    A  great  outcry  was  raised  by 


S68  Church  History  of  Scotland.  [Oct 

the  Scottish  clergy  some  years  ago  when  Lord  Macaalay*8  vivid  narrative 
reproduced  the  story,  but  Mr.  Cuningham  admits  its  substantial  truth. 
The  doctrine  of  toleration  has  indeed  been  the  tardiest  growth  of  modern 
religious  thought  and  feeling.  We  think  that  the  merit  both  of  the  distinct 
enunciation  of  the  doctrine  and  also  of  practice  may  be  fairly  assigned  to 
the  Anglican  Church.     The  Independents  have  put  in  a  claim,  to  which 
more  weight  might  be  allowed  had  they  been  actuated  by  less  exclusively 
political  considerations.     The  Chancellor  L'Hopit^  had  proclaimed  the 
doctrine  in  France,  and  Sir  Thomas  More  had  given  it  dogmatic  shape 
in  his  "  Utopia."     But  French  history  is  but  a  poor  comment  on  French 
toleration,  and  we  all  know  how  Raphael's  noble  princi[des  possessed  little 
beyond  a  speculative  value  to  their  author.     The  doctrine  of  toleration 
may  not  be  unfairly  deduced  from  the  ''Ecclesiastical  Polity;'*  it  was  ex- 
pressly endorsed  by  that  great  son  of  the  English  Church,  Lord  Bacon ;  it 
was  distinctly  answered  in  the  life  and  writings  of  ChiUingworth,  and  re- 
ceived a  clear  culmination  in  Jeremy  Taylor's  "  Liberty  of  Prophesying." 
The  radical  mistake  that  underlies  all  intolerance  is  the  mistake  of  con- 
founding the  visible  with  the  invisible  Church.     The  question  of  toleration 
and  intolerance  has,  perhaps,  been  never  more  fully  argued  out  and  exem- 
plified than  in  the  history  of  the  Donatist  schism  of  the  fourth  century. 
St.  Augustine,  whose  practice,  however,  exhibited  some  painful  incon- 
sistencies, laid   down  the  true  rule,  "  ubi  agnovimus  Christum  ibi  et 
ecclesiam  agnoscimus." 

The  union  between  Scotland  and  England  was  in  a  great  measure  accom- 
plished by  the  mediation  of  the  Church  of  Scotland.  The  popular  feeling 
was  very  strong  against  the  proposed  union  of  the  crowns,  but  the  influence 
of  Carstairs  deservedly  stood  at  the  highest  point  with  the  Church,  and  the 
influence  of  Carstairs  was  entirely  in  favour  of  the  union.  An  act  was 
passed  to  secure  the  Presbyterian  Church  government,  and  it  was  provided 
that  this  act  should  stand  part  and  parcel  of  the  treaty  of  luion.  As  in  the 
case  of  the  Irish  union,  management  and  money  had  something  to  do  with 
the  passing  of  the  measure,  but  the  Scotch  sagacity  of  many  detected  aU 
the  advantages  of  the  proposal,  and  that  it  was  true  patriotism  to  support 
it.  When  the  Scotch  Parliament  ceased  to  exist,  the  General  Assembly 
was  the  only  legislative  body  that  remained  in  the  country.  The  result, 
however,  was  no  accession  of  strength,  but  a  decided  diminution.  The 
ecclesiastical  influence  had  been  very  great  in  the  Privy  Council  and  Par- 
liament at  Edinburgh,  but  found  itself  unable  to  act  at  the  remote  distance 
of  the  English  metropolis.  The  rising  in  Scotland  took  place  about  the 
time  of  the  death  of  Carstairs,  but  the  Presbyterian  clergy  were  feuthful  to 
his  memory  and  to  the  Protestant  settlement. 

The  Erskines  invited  Whitfield  to  visit  Scotland.     We  believe,  however, 
that  the  great  preacher's  eloquence  was  considered  ineffective,  as  would 
naturally  be  the  case  with  Calvinists  who  felt  assured  of  their  salvation, 
4 


I860.]  Church  History  of  Scotland.  369 

The  history  of  his  Scottish  sojourn  is  highly  curious  and  characteristic. 
The  seceders  told  him  that  he  must  sign  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant 
immediately  he  had  received  more  light,  but  that  in  the  meantime  he  must 
confine  his  preaching  to  them.     **  Why  confine  my  preaching  to  you  ?*' 
asked  Whitfield,     "Because  we  are  the  Lord^s  people,"  was  the  reply. 
Whitfield  replied  by  asking  if  they  alone  were  the  Lord's  people,  and  inti- 
mated that  there  was  a  still  greater  call  to  preach  to  the  devil's  people. 
The  utmost  that  they  could  extort  from  Whitfield  was  that  he  had  been 
ordained  by  a  bishop  in  the  time  of  his  ignorance,  and  that  if  he  were  to  be 
ordained  again  it  would  not  be  by  a  bishop.     Whitfield's  version  of  one  of 
their  sermons  was,  that  the  preacher  so  spent  himself  on  prelacy,  surplices, 
and  Prayer-book,  that  his  breath  went  out  and  he  had  little  to  say  of 
Jesus.     An  old  Quaker  saluted  Whitfield  one  day,  when  he  had  been 
preaching  in  the  grounds  of  the  Orphan  Hospital  at  Edinburgh  : — "  Friend 
George,"  said  he,  "  I  am  as  thou  art.     I  am  for  bringing  all  to  the  hfe  and 
power  of  the  ever-living  God,  and  therefore  if  thou  wilt  not  quarrel  with 
me  about  my  hat,  I  will  not  quarrel  with  thee  about  thy  gown."    Whitfield 
declined  to  identify  himself  with  any  form  of  Church,  and  travelled  about 
only  as  an  itinerant  preacher.     Circumstances  were  curiously  similar  when 
Rowland   Hill  visited   Edinburgh,  where  on  one  occasion   he  addressed 
twenty  thousand  people  on  Calton-hill.     His  eloquence,  manifest  earnest- 
ness, rollicking  manner,  and  racy  anecdotes  excited  an  unbounded  sensation, 
and  some  scandal.     On  one  occasion  he  prayed  for  his  horse,  which  had 
fallen  lame,  in  the  house  of  a  grave  seceder.     Rowland  Hill  was  very  far 
from  being  favourably  affected  by  the  state  of  religion  in  Scotland.     He 
declared  that  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was  more  persecuting  than 
the  Act  of  Uniformity.     He  charged  the  Established  Church  of  Scotland, 
and  all  the  Churches  that  had  sprung  from  it,  with  bigotry  and  intolerance. 
The  General  Assembly  retaliated  by  forbidding  the  clergy  either  to  suffer 
other  than  the  hcentiates  and  ministers  of  the  Church  to  preach  in  their 
pulpits,  or  to  hold  communion  with  any  such  persons.     This  seemed  more 
especially  aimed  at  Rowland  Hill  and  the  Haldanes.     In  a  second  visit  to 
Scotland,  Rowland  Hill  opened  a  fierce  crusade  against  all  the  Scottish 
clergy.     It  was  at  the  invitation  of  the  Haldanes,  and  with  true  Christian 
charity  the  Episcopalians  and  Presbyterians  heartily  coalesced.     To  the 
Haldanes  Mr.  Cuningham  assigns  the  honoured  niche  which  they  so  well 
deserve  in  any  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Scotland,  and  does  honour  to  the 
spirit  that  led  them  away  from  their  pleasant  Perthshire  home  by  the 
Bridge  of  Allan  to  encounter  so  much  obloquy  and  toil. 

In  a  History  extending  over  so  many  centuries  we  have  only  been  able, 
almost  at  random,  to  single  out  a  few  subjects  for  remark.  Mr.  Cuning- 
ham's  account  of  the  controversy  respecting  miracles  between  Hume  and 
Campbell  strikes  us  as  being  particularly  good.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
us  to  trace  the  modifications  which  the  stubborn  Presbyterian  spirit  has 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  x  x 


870  Church  History  of  Scotland.  [Oct. 

undergone  from  its  contact  with  Southern  influence.  The  bones  of  the  old 
Covenanters  may  almost  shake  in  their  graves !  The  abomination  of  a  writ- 
ten sermon  is  of  common  occurrence ;  the  principle  of  a  liturgy  has  received 
a  large  degree  of  acquiescence ;  painted  windows  su£Puse  their  sacred  gloom 
in  architecturally  beautiful  churches ;  and  Glasgow  Cathedral  has  actually 
been  restored !  It  would  almost  be  instructive  to  point  out  how  strangely 
commingled  good  has  ever  been  with  evil :  how,  for  instance,  1637,  which 
saw  the  commencement  of  the  greatest  troubles,  was  the  year  of  that  paro- 
chial scheme  of  education  to  which  Scotland  is  so  largely  indebted.  Mr. 
Cuningham  speaks  forcibly  on  all  social  questions;  admits  the  profane 
swearing  and  drunkenness  of  ordinary  society  in  former  times ;  admits  also 
that  at  the  present  day  Scotland  is  one  of  the  most  immoral  and  one  of 
the  most  intemperate  of  nations.  This  is  a  fact  which  should  go  far  to- 
wards abating  the  unhappy  arrogance  of  the  national  religious  character. 

One  very  large  section  of  this  work  we  have  been  obliged  almost  entirely 
to  ignore, — we  mean  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  Scotland  before  the  Re- 
formation. Many  people  appear  to  think  that  the  Church  of  Scotland  did 
not  come  into  existence  before  the  sixteenth  century ;  that  era  marks  the 
flammcmtia  mosnia  mundi;  all  below  that  is  void  or  limbo.  Mr.  Cuningham 
pertinently  points  out  that  the  Church,  though  Roman  in  its  architecture, 
was  Scottish  in  its  soil ;  that  the  Scottish  character  was  moulded  even  in 
those  days ;  that  the  Reformation  created  no  new  race  of  people ;  that  the 
present  Protestantism  can  only  be  understood  by  the  past  Papistry.  In 
reference,  however,  to  the  very  earliest  history,  Mr.  Cuningham  would  have 
done  well  to  have  collated  the  rival  works  of  Dr.  Lingard  and  Mr.  Soames. 
At  the  period  of  the  Disruption  we  lose  our  frank  and  pleasant  companion. « 
He  says,  in  language  which  does  him  honour, — **  We  now  approach  the 
region  of  living  men,  where  character  is  sacred  and  passion  is  strong,  and 
therefore  we  reverently  turn  aside." 

It  will  be  seen  that  we  recommend  Mr.  Cuningham^s  book  as  catholic, 
able,  charitable,  and  learned.   We  add  some  slight  specimens  of  its  style : — 

ChARLIS  II.  AMOKa  THE  COYSNAKTEBS. 

"  Charles  was  now  amongst  Covenanters  of  the  strictest  sect,  and  it  was  necesBary 
he  should  conform  to  their  ways.  '  He  wrought  himself,'  says  Burnet,  'into  as  gmve 
a  deportment  as  he  could ;  he  heard  many  prayers  and  sermons,  some  of  great  length. 
I  remember  in  one  fast-day  there  were  six  sermons  preached  without  intermission, 
I  was  there  myself,'  says  the  Bishop,  '  and  not  a  little  weary  of  so  tedious  a  serrioe.' 
We  shall  not  wonder  that  the  King  was  weary  too,  when  we  hear  that  the  blood- 
guiltiness  of  his  father  and  the  idolatry  of  his  mother  sometimes  formed  the  principal 
subjects  of  discourse.  Charles  would  have  liked  a  quiet  walk  on  the  Sunday  afternoon^ 
but  this  was  forbidden ;  he  would  have  enjoyed  a  dance  or  a  game  at  cards,  for  he  had 
been  accustomed  to  these  things  when  an  exile ;  but  he  could  not  have  them  when  he 
was  king.  Every  morning  and  every  evening,  throughout  the  whole  week,  there  was 
a  lecture,  and  we  may  be  sure  that  the  monarch  was  not  often  allowed  to  be  absent. 

"  But  the  worst  was  coming.  The  King  was  asked  to  sign  a  declaration,  in  which 
he  professed  liimself  to  be  deeply  humbled  in  the  sight  of  God  for  his  father's  (^>pou- 


I860.]  Church  History  of  Scotland.  371 

tion  to  tho  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  by  which  so  much  of  the  blood  of  the  Lord's 
people  had  been  shed,  and  for  the  idolatry  of  his  mother,  and  its  toleration  in  the 
King's  house ;  and  that  he  himself  had  subscribed  the  Covenant  sincerely,  aud  not  from 
any  sinister  intention  or  crooked  design.  This  document  had  been  drawn  up  by  the 
commission  of  the  Church,  and  ratified  by  the  Committee  of  Estates ;  and  when  pre- 
sented to  the  King  for  his  signature,  he  was  shocked  at  the  words  which  it  put  into 
his  mouth.  He  was  plainly  told,  however,  that  unless  he  subscribed  they  would  not 
espouse  his  quarreL  Charles  11.  was  a  different  man  from  Charles  I.  The  father's 
conscience  perpetually  came  in  the  way  of  compromise ;  the  son  had  no  conscience  at 
all,  when  concessions,  however  base,  promised  to  secure  some  important  end.  At  Dun- 
fermlino,  on  the  16th  of  August,  he  put  his  name  to  the  paper.  Was  it  not  too  bad 
that  the  ministers  of  religion  should  compel  the  unprincipled  youth  to  brea]£  the  first 
commandment  with  promise,  by  casting  public  dishonour  on  his  father  and  mothec. 
They  knew  he  was  not  sincere.  They  had  blamed  the  sire  for  yielding  nothing,  they 
had  now  got  a  son  who  would  yield  everything.  He  seemed  to  be  sent  by  Providence 
to  teach  them  the  folly  of  concussing  the  conscience." — (vol.  ii.  p.  161.) 

Ok  the  Chtjbch  op  Scotland. 

**  The  Church  of  Scotland  allows  little  latitude  of  belief  within  her  pale.  Her  creed 
descends  to  the  minutest  particulars ;  and  the  deviation  from  it  infers  deposition.  The 
Church  of  Rome  has  cherished  in  her  bosom  children  of  different  forms  and  different 
features, — the  Scotists  and  Thomists,  the  Jansenists  and  Molinists — such  men  as  Con- 
tarini,  and  such  as  Tetzel.  The  Church  of  England  has  been  almost  as  catholic  It 
has  been  said  of  her  that  she  has  a  Calvinistic  creed,  a  Romish  liturgy,  aud  an  Armi- 
nian  clergy.  Her  maxim  seems  to  be  that  the  basis  must  be  wide  if  the  building  would 
be  high.  Accordingly,  among  the  divines  who  have  eaten  at  her  table,  and  been  hon- 
oured with  her  smiles,  there  are  some  who,  with  popish  names,  would  pass  for  popish 
priests ;  others  who  have  written  in  defence  of  Arianism ;  others  who  have  held  a  creed 
purely  negative.  But  not  so  with  the  Church  of  Scotland.  All  her  ministers  speak 
precisely  the  same  things.  The  mind  of  each  one  presents  a  perfect  impression  of  the 
Westminster  divines.  Notwithstanding  the  free  scope  of  its  metaphysics,  the  region 
of  theology  has  been  carefully  avoided.  Notwithstanding  the  schisms  which  have 
taken  place,  heresy  has  never  been  able  to  lift  up  her  head.  Every  Scotsman  you  meet 
with,  in  whatever  corner  of  the  globe  it  may  be,  is  sure  to  be  rigidly  orthodox.  Amid 
all  the  winds  of  doctrine  which  have  blown  since  the  Reformation,  the  Church  has  been 
kept  steadily  at  her  moorings  by  the  weight  of  her  anchorage." 

Though  Scotland  presents  but  a  narrow  field,  yet  the  ecclesiastical  ele- 
ment has  there  had  a  fuller  and  freer  development  than  in  any  other  country. 
What  Egypt  is  to  the  man  who  would  ransack  ancient  temples  and  tombs, 
Scotland  is  to  the  man  who  would  study  the  manifestations  of  ecclesiastical 
life.  The  Church  of  Scotland,  from  its  republican  constitution  and  repre- 
sentative courts,  has  a  well  marked  and  peculiarly  instructive  history  of  its 
own,  distinct  from  the  biographies  of  its  individual  ministers,  distinct  from 
the  political  history  of  the  State.  But  besides  this,  peculiar  circumstances 
in  the  history  of  the  country  gave  to  the  ecclesiastical  element  peculiar 
vigour.  The  weakness  of  the  monarchy  till  the  union  of  the  crowns  allowed 
the  free  expansion  of  ideas  which  have  never  been  tolerated  in  countries 
where  the  monarchy  is  strong ;  and  during  the  civil  wars,  when  the  throne 
was  laid  low,  they  attained  to  a  fuller  expansion  still.  For  a  season  the 
Church  was  left  to  wield  its  own  powers,  and  to  work  out  what  it  conceived 


872  The  Syrian  Belief  Fund.  '  [Oct* 

to  be  its  own  ends,  free  from  all  pressure  from  without.  Accordingly, 
during  that  period  ecclesiasticism  is  to  be  found  in  its  purest  form.  In 
truth,  the  Church  of  Scotland  has  had  within  Scotland  a  history  similar  to 
what  the  Church  of  Rome  has  had  within  Christendom.  We  see  the  same 
laws  in  operation,  though  on  a  smaller  scale  and  under  modifying  circum- 
stances. In  the  career  of  the  one  we  can  discern  the  blessings  which  flow 
from  a  pure  creed  and  simple  worship,  and  in  that  of  the  other  the  blighting 
effects  of  a  baneful  superstition ;  but  with  both  there  has  been  the  same 
union  and  energy  of  action,  the  same  assumption  of  spiritual  supremacy, 
the  same  defiance  of  law-courts,  parliaments,  and  kings.  The  history  of 
either  can  be  traced  with  equal  precision,  sometimes  blending  with  civil 
history,  but  at  other  times  diverging  highly  from  it.  We  know  only  three 
Churches  whose  histories  stand  thus  prominently  out, — the  Jewish,  the 
Roman,  and  the  Scottish. 


THE  SYRIAN  RELIEF  FXJin). 

Syltanits  Ubbajt  does  not  often  invite  the  attention  of  his  readers  to 
the  events  of  the  day,  as  he  conceives  them  in  general  to  be  more  suitably 
left  to  other  publications.  But  now  and  then  he  feels  constrained  to  de- 
part from  his  usual  practice.  Thus  he  has  lately  alluded  more  than  once 
to  the  question  of  national  defence,  and  as  it  is  one  that  he  may  have 
to  recur  to,  he  has  just  visited  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  has  had  sites  pointed 
out,  and  apparently  sound  reasons  given,  for  the  erection  of  much  more 
extensive  works  there  than  have  been  recently  recommended  by  the  Com- 
missioners for  National  Defences.  This  is  a  subject  that  unhappily  is  not 
likely  to  lose  its  interest,  as  doubtless  the  period  is  still  far  remote  when 
nations  shall  learn  war  no  more.  But  still  it  is  an  encouraging  sign  to 
find  those  who  have  borne  arms  in  many  lands  with  distinction,  among  the 
most  forward  to  devote  themselves  to  the  alleviation  of  one  of  the  greatest 
of  the  horrors  of  war — such  sufferings  as  the  helpless  women  and  children 
of  Syria  are  now  enduring,  and  which  they  can  in  no  sense  be  said  to  have 
brought  on  themselves. 

We  were  led  into  this  train  of  thought  by  observing  on  the  beach  at 
Shanklin,  that  one  of  the  bathing  establishments  was  turned  for  the  time 
into  a  Fine  Arts  Gallery  on  a  limited  scale.  Around  the  walls  were  hung 
a  number  of  spirited  sketches  and  many  finished  oil-paintings,  which  a 
modest  written  placard  announced  were  for  sale  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Syrian  Relief  Fund.  On  examination  we  saw  with  pleasure  that  they  were 
really  good  as  works  of  art,  and  not  mere  Fancy  Fair  appeals  to  sym- 
pathy ;  a  fact  that  was  evident,  from  the  severe  test  to  which  the  artist 
had  ventured  to  expose  them,  for  we  had  but  to  step  to  the  door,  and 
some  of  the  subjects — as  Culver  Cliffs,  and  Shanklin  Chine,  and  Dannose, 


1 860.]  The  Syrian  Belief  Fund.  373 

— were  before  us,  so  that  the  comparison  of  the  original  and  the  picture 
could  be  effected  at  a  glance ;  this  test  they  stood  well. 

On  inquiry  we  learnt  that  much  the  greater  part  of  the  collection  was 
from  the  pencil  of  a  soldier  en  retraite,  Major-General  E.  Napier,  who 
now  resides  in  the  neighbourhood  that  he  sketches  so  well,  and  who  has 
a  deep  personal  interest  in  the  Syrians  of  all  classes.  In  a  lengthened 
course  of  service  he  has  been  much  among  them,  and  knows  them 
thoroughly,  and  now  that  thousands  of  their  number  depend  for  daily 
bread  on  English  charity,  he  has  come  forward  to  help  them  in  a  way 
that  we  hope  may  find  ample  encouragement. 

The  General,  we  learnt,  commanded  a  body  of  irregulars  in  the  Syrian 
Campaign  of  1840;  with  them  he  literally  traversed  the  land  from  Dan 
to  Beersheba,  ventured  to  try  conclusions  with  the  redoubted  Ibrahim 
Pasha,  and  narrowly  escaped  capture  and  too  probable  decapitation.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  peace  negotiated  with  Mehemet  Ali  by  Admiral 
Napier,  the  General  (then  a  Major  only)  was  employed  by  the  British 
Government  to  rescue  from  their  truly  Egyptian  bondage  some  10,000 
Syrian  conscripts  carried  off  by  Ibrahim  in  his  retreat.  These  men,  the 
main  body  Syrian  agriculturists,  but  some  of  them  Druse  and  Maronite 
chieftains,  were  restored  to  their  homes  by  the  spirited  manner  in  which 
the  Major  carried  out  his  instructions ;  and  now,  his  warlike  and  diplomatic 
functions  being  in  abeyance,  he  has  devoted  himself  with  much  skill  to  do 
something  to  help  another  portion  of  the  Syrian  community,  poor  creatures 
whose  sufferings  every  one  must  be  willing  to  alleviate,  even  though  opin- 
ions may  differ,  as  they  certainly  do,  about  the  origin  of  the  massacres. 

"We  mention  this  devotion  of  time  and  talents  to  the  cause  of  pure  phil- 
anthropy on  the  part  of  a  gallant  gentleman,  because  it  seems  to  us  well 
worthy  of  being  imitated,  either  for  this  or  similar  purposes.  We  heartily 
wish  the  General  success  in  his  benevolent  project,  and  have  little  doubt 
that  he  will  achieve  it.  He  has,  we  know,  had  some  practice  in  this  way 
already,  for  in  the  course  of  the  Crimean  war  he  raised  a  subscription  of 
£1,000  or  more  in  the  county  of  Hants,  for  the  relief  of  our  troops  before 
Sebastopol,  and  also  collected  a  considerable  sum  for  the  benefit  of  their 
widows  and  orphans,  by  an  exhibition  very  similar  to  the  present  one. 


374  [Oct. 


EARLY  IBISH  HISTOEY— THE  O'BEIENS. 

{Concluded  from  p,  118.) 

We  return  to  the  subject  of  Mr.  O'Donoghue's  work*,  which,  if  it  should 
attract  the  attention  that  it  deserves,  ought  to  go  far  to  remove  a  more 
important  "  historical  misconception"  than  that  which  has  taxed  the  apolo- 
getic powers  of  a  well-known  writer  of  our  day — for  we  venture  to  think 
that  whole  nations  may  have  been  misunderstood  as  well  as  individuals.  On 
our  author's  showing,  on  good  authority,  the  contests  among  the  Irish 
kings  seem  rather  to  have  been  for  the  supremacy,  the  point  of  honour, 
than  for  territorial  aggrandisement,  or  conquest  in  the  modern  sense,  and 
surely  this  ought  to  qualify  our  belief  of  the  unmitigated  barbarism  usually 
ascribed  to  the  period.  If  the  ancient  Irish  were  indeed  **  savages,"  as  is 
often  so  freely  asserted,  it  is  clear  that  they  had  at  least  some  noble 
qualities.  The  same  will  no  doubt  in  time  be  allowed  with  regard  to 
other  races,  now  that  we  have  ourselves  got  over  the  real  barbarism  of 
judging  all  civilization  by  a*  Greek  or  Roman  standard. 

By  the  conquest  of  his  chief  rival  Brian  only  became  what  the  Irish 
annalists  term  ^'  king  of  Ireland  with  opposition,'*  for  the  other  kings  re- 
fused to  be  bound  by  the  act  of  Maelseachlain ;  nine  years  more  of  war 
was  needed  to  bring  them  all  to  submission,  and  Maelseachlain  loyally  lent 
his  aid.  In  1011,  the  last  contumacious  chief,  who  belonged  to  the  present 
county  of  Sligo,  was  captured,  and  sent  as  a  prisoner  to  the  royal  seat  of 
Kincora,  in  Thomond,  and  Brian  had  completed  the  task  he  had  set  him- 
self to  accomplish  thirty  years  before. 

His  enjoyment  of  his  triumph  was,  however,  but  short.  The  king  of 
Leinster,  Maelmordha,  leagued  himself  with  the  Danes,  and  Brian's  here- 
ditary kingdom  of  Munster  was  attacked.  The  assailants  were  repulsed, 
but  they  next  attacked  Meath,  and  ravaged  the  land  even  more  mercilessly 
than  usual.  A  pacification  then  followed,  but  it  was  soon  broken,  and  the 
deaths  of  Brian,  his  son,  and  his  grandson,  brought  about  by  the  fact  of 
Brian's  queen  being  a  lady  with  ''  a  soul  above  buttons."  This  is  the  story, 
as  related  by  our  author,  from  the  annalists : — 

"Brian,  having  occasion  to  build  some  ships,  sent  to  his  tributary,  the  king  of 
licinster,  a  requisition  for  three  masts  from  the  forests  of  that  province.  In  conveying 
these  masts  to  their  destination,  Maelmordha  himself,  to  encourage  the  bearers,  lent 
his  assistance,  and  in  so  doing,  lost  the  fibula  or  button  by  which  his  robe  was  fiistened. 
Bequestiog  his  sister,  Qormlaith,  Brian's  queen,  to  replace  the  button,  that  prinoeoB 

■  "  Historical  Memoir  of  the  O'Briens.  With  Notes,  Appendix,  and  a  Genealogical 
Table  of  their  several  Branches.  Compiled  from  the  Irish  Annalists.  By  John 
0*Dono  hue,  A.M.,  Barrister- at-Law."    (Dublin :  Hodges,  Smith,  and  Co.) 


I860.]  Earhj  Irish  Eisiory—the  (yBriens,  375 

reproached  hira  for  his  mean  spirit  and  degeneracy,  in  stooping  so  low  as  to  put  his 
shoulders  to  the  mast,  a  subserviency  which  none  of  his  ancestors,  she  observed,  would 
have  been  guilty  of.  Stung  by  these  reproaches,  the  next  day,  when  Morrogh,  son  of 
Brian,  was  playing  at  chess  with  Conaing,  son  of  Donchuan,  the  king  of  Leinster  sug- 
gested to  the  latter  to  make  a  certain  point  or  move  in  his  table,  which  caused  Morrogh 
to  lose  the  game.  In  resentment  for  this  interference,  Morrogh  remarked,  that  if  he 
(Maclmordha)  had  given  equally  good  advice  to  the  Danes  at  the  battle  of  Glenmama, 
they  would  not  have  to  deplore  the  defeat  which  they  had  to  attribute  to  his  counsels. 
The  king  of  Leinster,  nettled  in  his  turn  by  the  remark,  observed,  that  he  would  take 
care  the  next  time  that  no  such  mistake  as  Morrogh  alluded  to  should  occur,  jand  that 
he  would  endeavour  to  put  them  in  a  condition  to  retrieve  their  losses,  and  have 
revenge  on  both  himself  and  his  father,  Brian.  Departing  from  Kincora,  he  devoted 
himself,  heart  and  soul,  to  encourage  the  Danes  to  make  another  and  a  final  effort  to 
regain  their  lost  ground,  and  to  obtain  the  upper  hand  in  Ireland." — (pp.  27,  28.) 

The  battle  of  Clontarf  was  the  result,  where  Maelmordha  was  slain,  and 
bis  Ostman  allies  almost  entirely  cut  to  pieces.  Brian,  his  son  Morrogh, 
and  his  grandson  Torlogb,  all  lost  their  lives,  the  latter  a  youth  of  15, 
who  was  found  drowned  near  the  fishing  weir  of  Clontarf,  "  with  both  his 
hands  fast  bound  in  the  hair  of  a  Dane's  head."  The  power  of  the  Ostmen 
was  irretrievably  broken  by  this  defeat,  and  though  they  in  the  meantime 
gained  undisputed  possession  of  England,  they  never  more  succeeded  in 
establishing  themselves  in  Ireland.  Brian  is  Aill  the  hero  of  Ireland,  but 
he  has  other  claims  on  our  attention,  and  Mr.  0*Donoghue  does  not  scruple 
to  liken  him  to  Alfred  the  Great ^  : — 

"  It  would  be  unjust  to  the  character  of  Brian  to  consider  it  in  a  military  point  of 
view  alone.  Numerous  and  brilliant  as  were  his  achievements  in  war  against  contem- 
porary princes  before  his  accession  to  the  supreme  power,  as  well  as  against  the  com- 
mon enemies  of  his  country  afterwards,  on  his  civil  administration  of  its  affairs  will  be 
founded  his  chief  claim  to  the  praise  of  the  philosopher.  According  to  Keatinge,  the 
twelve  years  of  his  reign  over  Ireland  were  distinguished  by  several  improvements  in 

— — —   — r    —      1 1 ■  -  ■      -^-■■MiB    ■  H  M^ 

^  Among  other  points  of  resemblance  we  learn  that  he  was  a  poet.  Our  author 
borrows  the  following  from  an  Irish  MS.,  "  The  Wars  of  the  Irish  with  the  Danes :"  it 
recounts  the  murder  of  his  brother  Mahon,  and  then  proceeds  :— 

"  When  the  news  of  it  reached  Brian  and  the  Dal-gcais,  they  were  overwhelmed 
with  grief,  and  Brian  vented  his  grief  and  rage  in  a  short  elegy,  in  which  he  expressed 
his  deep  regret  that  his  brother  had  not  fallen  in  a  battle  behind  the  shelter  of  his 
shield,  before  he  had  relied  on  the  treacherous  word  of  Donovan,  who  delivered  him  up 
to  the  infamous  Molloy  to  be  butchered  in  cold  blood.  He  then  recounts  Mabon's 
vi(!toric8  over  the  Danes  at  Aine,  at  Sulaigh  in  Tradree,  at  Machaire-Buidhe,  and  at 
Limerick,  and  concludes  thus : — 

*  My  heart  shall  burst  within  my  breast. 
Unless  I  avenge  this  great  king ; 
They  shall  forfeit  life  for  this  foul  deed, 
Or  I  shall  perish  by  a  violent  death.' " — (p.  14.) 

"  The  sceptre  of  Brian  is  preserved  in  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  It  was  presented 
by  the  Marchioness  of  Thomond  on  the  decease  of  her  husband,  the  last  of  the  descend- 
ants of  the  eldest  son  of  Morrough  the  Tanidt.  The  donation  bears  date  24th  June, 
1857."— (p.  464.) 


876  Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens.  [Oct 

the  arts  of  dv'ilized  life.  To  him  has  been  ascribed  the  invention  of  samamea,  or  at 
least  their  introduction  into  general  use  in  thig  kingdom.  Instead  of  one  appellative;, 
by  which  the  line  of  descent  might  be  instantly  known,  and  families  distinguished  one 
from  the  other,  there  had  been  osed  before  the  eleventh  century  a  series  of  names  of 
baptism  of  the  parents,  to  sometimes  an  inconvenient  extent,  stopping  generally  with 
that  of  some  ancestor  distinguished  by  some  peculiar  quality,  or  for  the  performance  of 
some  exploit.  To  remedy  these  inconveniences,  Brian  ordained  that  some  ancestor 
should  be  chosen  as  the  terminal  point  to  which  families  should  for  the  future  trace  np 
their  descent.  The  prefix  *  ua'  (in  English  '  O')  for  the  singular,  the  plural  being 
'  uibh'  (anglicised  '  Hy'),  set  to  the  ancestral  name,  formed  the  surnames  of  the  various 
Irish  families.  Thus  ua-Briain  (O'Brien),  ua-Neil  (CVNeil),  and  so  forth.  But  it  is 
material  to  add  that  the  plural,  '  Uibh,'  or  '  Ui,'  or  *  Hy,'  was  as  frequently  applied  to 
the  territory  occupied  by  the  &mily,  as  to  the  inhabitants  themselves. 

"  To  facilitate  the  advance  of  troops,  no  less  than  for  the  purposes  of  commerce,  the 
building  of  bridges,  and  the  construction  of  the  public  highways,  occupied  Brian's 
attention.  Keatinge  furnishes  a  long  list  of  places  erected  or  strengthened  by  this 
monarch,  to  curb  the  ravages  of  the  Danes.  Although  some  of  these  places  are  un- 
known at  this  distance  of  time,  yet  we  recognise  in  their  equivalents  the  names  of  Caher, 
Cashel,  Roscrea,  and  other  places  in  the  county  of  Tipperary ;  Lough  GKir,  Bmree^ 
Duntryleague  and  Knockany,  in  the  county  of  Limerick,  besides  the  royal  residence, 
Eincora,  in  Thomond,  which  he  secured  by  a  stone  fort.  The  tributes  or  revenues  of 
Brian,  paid  by  the  several  provincial  princes,  according  to  Keatinge,  shew  that  a  con- 
siderable import  and  export  trade  existed  in  Ireland  at  this  early  period,  and  that  the 
wines  of  France  and  Spain  were  imported  to  a  considerable  extent  into  this  country  '. 
The  iron  in  which  the  kingdom  abounds  at  present,  was,  it  b  to  be  presumed,  manu* 
factured,  to  enable  the  tribute  in  this  particular  article  to  be  paid." — (pp.  35,  86.) 

Maelseachlain  had  fought  bravely  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf ;  be  took  the 
command  on  the  death  of  Brian,  and  secured  the  victory.  His  ancient 
supremacy  was  again  acknowledged,  and  he  held  it  unquestioned  until  his 
death  in  the  year  1022.  The  surviving  sons  of  Brian  sunk  to  the  rank  of 
princes  of  Thomond,  quarrelled  among  themselves,  and  in  two  years  after 
the  death  of  their  father  they  saw  his  royal  seat  of  Kincora  plundered  and 
burnt  by  the  king  of  Connaught.  Dorrogh  murdered  Teige,  his  eldest 
brother,  and  after  the  death  of  Maelseachlain,  made  himself  king  of  the 
south  of  Ireland  (Leathmogha),  but  after  a  long  struggle  he  was  driven 
out,  and  died  at  Rome.  Torlogh,  the  son  of  Teige,  succeeded  him,  and 
revenged  the  destruction  of  Kincora  by  ravaging  Connaught ;  be  revived 
the  glory  of  the  O'Briens,  and  became  *'  king  of  Ireland  with  opposition." 
His  son  Mortogh  More,  after  many  difficulties  and  defeats,  at  last  marched 
through  Connaught  into  the  north  of  Ireland,  destroyed  the  royal  seat  of 
Irishowen,  and  then  made  a  triumphant  circuit  of  the  whole  kingdom,  after 
which  he  granted  his  own  palace  of  Cashel  "  to  the  religious  of  Ireland  in 
general,  free  from  all  secular  control  or  payment."  His  supremacy,  oi 
course,  was  only  to  be  maintained  by  the  sword,  and  as  he  fell  into  sicknesi 


*  ^'The  Danes  of  Dublin  were  bound  to  supply  one  hundred  and  fiHy  pipes  or  hogt* 
heads  of  wine,  and  those  of  Limerick  three  hundred  and  sLsty-£ve  pipes  of  red  win^ 
^very  year/' 

5 


I860.]  Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens.  877 

in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  he  saw  his  own  country  of  Thomond  ravaged 
by  his  nominal  subjects ;  his  palace  of  Kincora  Avas  pulled  down,  and  the 
materials  cast  into  the  river;  and  when  he  died  in  1119,  all  pretence  to 
the  supreme  monarchy  of  Ireland  on  the  part  of  the  O'Briens  died  with 
him.  The  superiority  passed  to  Connaught,  and  Conor-na-Cathrach,  the 
nephew  and  successor  of  Morrough,  became  a  tributary  to  Dermot  Macroor« 
rogh»  the  king  of  Leinster,  the  prince  who  introduced  the  Anglo-Normans 
into  Ireland.  The  story  of  Dermot  and  Dervorghal  is  thus  told  by  Mr. 
O'Donoghue,  from  the  Four  Masters : — 

"  In  this  year  also  occurred  the  elopement  of  Dervorghal,  the  wife  of  Teman 
O'Ruarc,  which  has  been  generally,  although  erroneously,  considered  the  cause  of  the 
advent  of  the  Anglo-Normans,  an  event  which  took  place  twenty  years  later.  The 
husband  had  been  attacked,  defeated,  and  stript  of  Conmhaicne  (Longford),  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  his  territories,  by  Mortogh  Macloughlin  and  Torlogh  O'Conor,  who 
affected  to  parcel  out  the  adjoining  provinces,  before  the  wife  had  been  carried  away 
by  Dermot  Macmorrogh,  king  of  Leinster;  and  it  is  distinctly  stated  by  the  annalists, 
that  be,  Dermot,  '  took  with  her  according  to  the  advice  of  her  brother  Maeleachlin/ 
The  Four  Masters  state  that  she  returned  to  her  husband  in  the  next  year,  but  it  is 
more  likely  that  she  retired  into  the  abbey  of  Mellifont,  where  she  died  at  the  ad- 
vanced ago  of  eighty-five  years,  in  1193.  Four  years  before  the  occurrence  of  the 
event  to  which  her  elopement  is  so  romantically  considered  to  have  led,  (VBuarc 
agreed  to  receive  one  hundred  ounces  of  gold,  a  sum  equivalent  to  nearly  four  thousand 
pounds  of  the  modern  currency,  as  ' eineach*  compensation,  or,  in  modem  language, 
damages,  for  his  supposed  wrong,  from  Dermot  Macmorrogh." — (p.  72.) 

The  ease  with  which  Ireland  was  subjugated  by  a  handful  of  Anglo- 
Norman  knights  and  some  Welsh  archers,  is  a  received  point  with  ordinary 
readers  of  history.  Our  author  gives  a  very  different  aspect  to  the  matter, 
which  "justice  to  Ireland"  obliges  us  to  quote  ; — 

**  The  year  1169  saw  the  arrival  in  Ireland  of  the  advanced  guard  of  the  Anglo- 
Norman  invaders,  who  were  destined  to  overturn  the  Milesian  dynasty  of  the  kingdom. 
The  first  draft  of  these  strangers  is  thus  described  by  the  Four  Masters : — '  The  fleet 
of  the  Flemings  came  from  England  with  the  army  of  Dermod  Macmorrogh,  to  con- 
tend for  the  kingdom  of  Leinster  for  him ;  they  were  sixty  heroes,  chid  in  armour.' 
The  annalists  continue  to  relate  that  Roderick,  the  monarch,  at  the  head  of  an  armyj^ 
with  O'Kuarc,  (yMelaghliD,  and  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  advanced  to  meet  the  invaders, 
that  they  '  thought  nothing  of  the  Flemings,'  and  that  Dermod  Macmorrogh  gave  his 
sou  to  O'Conor,  as  an  hostage  for  the  maintenance  of  peace. 

*'  This  narrative  bears  on  the  face  of  it  a  great  likeness  to  truth.  It  is  not  probable 
that  the  Irish  princes  ever  entertained  the  least  idea  of  the  objects  contemplated  by 
Henry  the  Second,  or  considered  the  facility  with  which  a  descent  might  be  made,  and 
a  position  secured  in  the  country,  matters  of  any  real  moment.  The  seaports  were  for 
a  long  time  in  the  possession  of  foreigners,  from  whom  they  had  nothing  to  fear,  who8« 
powers  had  been  for  a  centui'y  and  a  half  on  the  decline,  and  which  could  not,  they 
thought,  be  materially  increased  by  the  advent  of  a  few  ships  with  their  crews,  and  a 
handful  of  soldiers.  Besides,  tbe  Irish  monarch,  with  his  provincials,  had,  only  two 
years  before,  encountered  and  defeated  an  invasion  of  foreigners,  with  the  loss  to  them 
of  the  royal  heir  of  the  Welsh  prince,  Ap- Griffith,  and  had  received  hostage  and 
obligations  of  fidelity  from  Dermod.  And  it  appears  not  unnatural  that  Roderick 
should,  on  tho  present  occasion,  be  satisfied  with  the  additional  security  given  by 
G£^'T.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  T  y 


378  Early  Irish  History — the  O'Briens,  [Oct. 

Dermod,  in  handing  over  his  only  son  to  the  keeping  of  the  former  in  proof  of  the 
sincerity  of  his  conduct,  and  of  his  pacific  intentions. 

"  If  Roderick  had  any  ideas  such  as  we  are  describing,  they  were  spee^ly  dissipated 
by  the  arrival  of  Richard,  son  of  Gilbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  Strigul,  commonly 
nicknamed  Strongbow,  or  De  arcu  fort),  who  came  '  with  m^ny  knights  and  archers' 
to  restore  Dermot,  and  re-establish  him  on  the  throne  of  Leinster.  The  progress  of 
the  invaders  was  rapid  and  successful.  The  Four  Masters  state,  that  they  took  Loch- 
garman  (Wexford),  and  entered  Portlairge  (Waterford)  by  storm.  The  officer  in  com- 
mand of  the  tower,  Gillemaire,  a  Dane,  Ua-Faelain  (OThelan),  lord  of  the  Decies,  and 
his  son,  were  put  to  the  sword,  with  seven  hundred  men.  The  victorious  Normans 
next  proceeded  to  Dublin  and  compelled  the  Danish  occupants  of  that  city  to  submit ; 
and  being  thus  beforehand  with  Roderick,  that  prince,  who  had,  on  hearing  of  the 
arrival  of  the  strangers,  levied  a  force  in  conjunction  with  O'Ruarc  and  O'Carroll,  and 
marched  into  the  Danish  territory,  was  obliged,  after  a  siege  of  three  days,  to  retire  from 
Dublin.  The  Danish  ruler  of  that  city,  Asgall,  as  he  is  called  by  the  Irish  annalists, 
or  Asculphus,  as  Cambrensis  terms  him,  was  deposed  by  Dermot,  who  assumed  aatho- 
rity  over  the  foreigners." — (pp.  75 — 77.) 

The  common  danger  did  not  induce  the  native  chiefs  to  unite.  The  king 
of  Connaught  put  to  death  the  hostages  of  Dermot,  but  he  also  made  war 
on  the  O'Briens,  and  they  readily  submitted  to  the  invaders.  Quarrels 
with  these  also  soon  occurred,  and  after  various  alternations  of  success  and 
defeat,  which  it  does  not  enter  into  our  place  to  follow,  the  descendapts  of 
Brian  were  restricted  to  Thomond,  where  Conor,  in  reality  the  last  sove- 
reign, and  the  sixteenth  in  descent  from  the  victor  of  Clontarf,  died  in  1539. 
H  is  brother  Morrogh,  the  Tanist,  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  succeeded  him. 
The  native  chiefs  in  general  had  been  awed  by  the  vigour  of  Henry's  pro- 
ceedings against  the  earls  of  Kildare,  and,  in  common  with  the  northern 
descendants  of  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  Morogh  abandoned  all  claim 
to  royalty,  and  received  an  Irish  peerage  as  Earl  of  Thomond  and  Baron  of 
"  Insykwyne"  (Inchiquin),  at  Greenwich  on  the  1st  of  July,  1643.  Whilst 
he  lived,  the  change  that  had  been  thus  effected  was  not  apparent,  but  on 
Jiis  death  in  1551  a  "  war  more  than  civil,"  as  their  historian  terms  it,  broke 
out  among  the  O'Briens.  The  English  king*s  patent  was  set  at  nought ; 
Donogh,  the  nephew  of  Morrogh,  who  succeeded  under  it,  was  killed  by  his 
half  brothers,  whose  ancient  rights  were  disregarded.  One  of  them,  Donald, 
was  tumultuously  installed  as  sovereign,  according  to  the  old  rule  of  suc- 
cession, and  he  maintained  himself  in  possession  until  1558,  when  the  Earl 
of  Sussex,  the  lord  deputy,  entered  Thomond  with  a  strong  force,  captured 
the  towns  and  castles,  expelled  Donald  and  his  sons,  and  put  Conor,  the 
son  of  Doiiogh,  in  his  place.  In  token  of  his  gratitude,  Conor  then  solemnly 
renounced  the  name  of  O'Brien  as  an  appellation  or  title,  and  the  free- 
holders of  Thomond  also  engaged  to  oppose  any  one  who  should  assume  it. 
Notwithstanding  this,  Donald  again  made  his  appearance  more  than  once, 
and  it  was  not  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1578,  that  the  English- 
made  ruler  could  be  considered  firmly  established. 

From  that  time  to  the  present  the  history  of  the  O'Briens  offers  many 


I860.]  Early  Irish  History— the  O'Briens.  379 

remarkable  events,  and  embraces  the  names  of  such  men  as  Lord  Inchiquin, 
the  resolute  upholder  of  the  cause  of  Charles  I. ;  Lord  Clare,  who  incurred 
forfeiture  for  James  II.,  and  who  is  identified  with  the  renowned  Irish 
Brigade,  and  his  grandson,  styled  Le  Marechal  Count  de  Thomond,  who 
served  with  it  at  Fontenoy ;  and  Sir  Lucius  O'Brien,  an  eloquent  speaker 
in  the  Irish  Parliament.  Our  notice  being  confined  to  the  early  history  of 
Ireland,  cannot  of  course  embrace  them,  and  we  need  only  remark  that 
Lucius  O'Brien,  thirteenth  Lord  Inchiquin,  is  the  present  head  of  the  family, 
and  is  the  tenth  in  descent  from  Morrogh  the  Tanist. 

Before  we  conclude  we  must  mention  that  Mr.  O'Donoghue's  book  is 
handsomely  printed,  and  appears  appropriately  in  g^eeu  and  gold,  with  the 
arms  of  the  extinct  marquiisate  of  Thomond  on  the  cover ;  it  has  a  series  of 
genealogical  tables,  but,  we  regret  to  say,  no  index.  We  hope  that  this 
defect  may  be  remedied,  and  that  in  consideration  to  English  readers  the 
author  will  do  something  in  his  next  edition  to  make  the  proper  names 
comprehensible.  A  brief  glossary  would  be  very  acceptable,  as  enabling 
them  to  appreciate  the  poetic  idea  that  is  often  buried  (so  far  as  they  are 
concerned)  under  a  repulsive-looking  word.  We  are  quite  aware  that 
striking  dififerences  exist  even  in  our  own  language  between  orthography 
and  pronunciation,  but  in  Irish,  as  commonly  printed,  these  differences 
seem  much  greater  than  we  believe  they  ai*e  in  reality,  and  they  create 
an  undesirable  feeling  of  difficulty,  which  is  a  hindrance  to  the  read- 
ing  of  many  works  that  well  deserve  perusal,  and  would  repay  it.  We 
have,  for  instance,  in  this  book,  "  Eochaidh  Muighmheadhoin,"  and 
"  Teamhair,''  which  we  learn  incidentally  are  ''  not  half  so  shocking," 
but  are  to  be  pronounced  "Eochy  Moyveon"  and  "Tara;"  but  Mr.  0*D. 
gives  no  further  explanation  than  that  ''It  may  be  advisable  to  state 
that  the  aspirate  h  following  the  letters  d  and  g  has  the  effect  of  trans- 
forming them  into  y,  and  h  and  m  into  v,  the  Irish  alphabet  not  con- 
taining either  v  or  y.  In  recent  manuscripts  this  effect  is  produced  by  a 
point  over  the  above  consonants.'*  We  see  likewise  that  "  Muircertach," 
"Murtach,"  and  "Mortogh"  are  the  same,  and  that "  Conor"  is  a  contrac- 
tion of ''  Conchovar,"  &c.,  &c.,  but  as  the  book  and  the  genealogical  tables 
are  commonly  at  variance  on  such  points,  many  an  unnecessary  puzzle  is 
created.  We  make  these  remarks  in  no  unfriendly  spirit,  and  only  desire 
to  call  the  attention  of  the  author  to  them,  that  he  may,  as  he  easily  can^ 
remove  these  drawbacks  to  the  interest  of  his  really  valuable  work. 


380  [Oct. 


(j^rtgtnal   Botumtnt^. 


The  following  documents  from  the  State  Paper  Office*  belonging  to  the 
Domestic  Series,  temp,  Elizabeth,  are  curiously  illustrative  of  a  baneful 
superstition,  viz.,  that  a  little  waxen  figure,  formed  to  represent  some 
particular  person,  might  be  rendered  capable  by  magical  enchantments  of 
entering  into  such  intimate  sympathy  with  the  person  represented,  that  any 
torture  inflicted  on  the  symbol  would  affect  the  being  symbolized.  This 
was  a  very  ancient  as  well  as  a  widely  spread  fancy.  Plato,  Ovid,  and 
others  are  quoted  as  authorities  for  its  existence  in  the  times  of  classical 
antiquity,  whilst  Charlevoix  vouches  for  its  prevalence  among  the  Indians 
of  Illinois.  An  opinion  at  once  so  ancient  and  so  widely  spread  may  be 
presumed  to  have  had  its  foundation  in  principles  which  are  common  to 
all  unenlightened  minds ;  principles  which,  in  one  shape  or  another,  will 
always  be  found  to  manifest  themselves  in  action  in  times  of  popular  ex- 
citement. Our  burning  in  effigy  is  a  remnant  of  the  same  feeling,  and 
many  extraordinary  practices  of  idolatry,  as  well  as  of  superstition,  are  pro- 
bably traceable  to  a  similar  source.  The  progress  of  the  Beformation 
called  forth  a  good  deal  of  this  kind  of  adverse  action,  so  much  so  that  in 
the  5th  of  Elizabeth  it  was  thought  necessary  to  revive  a  law,  that  if  any 
person  used  any  invocation  or  conjuration  of  evil  and  wicked  spirits,  or 
practised  any  witchcraft,  enchantment,  charm,  or  sorcery,  whereby  any  one 
should  happen  to  be  killed  or  destroyed,  it  should  be  felony  without  clergy ; 
and  if  any  one  should  be  thereby  wasted,  consumed,  or  lamed  in  body  or 
member,  or  any  of  his  goods  be  destroyed  or  impaired,  the  oflender  should 
be  imprisoned  for  a  year,  and  should  stand  in  the  pillory  once  a  quarter 
during  that  time  for  six  hours,  and  for  a  second  offence  be  treated  as 
a  felon  without  benefit  of  clergy  (Stat.  5  Eliz.  c.  16).  The  papers  which 
we  now  print  exhibit  the  kind  of  persons  against  whom,  and  the  practices 
against  which,  this  statute  was  aimed.  The  principal  parties  to  the  trans- 
action here  revealed  were  one  Robert  Birch,  a  reputed  conjurer,  and  Mrs. 
Dewse,  of  whose  station  in  life  nothing  appears,  but  who  was  evidently  the 
wife  of  a  man  well  to  do  in  the  world. 

The  name  Dewse,  or  Dewes,  is  by  no  means  a  common  one,  and  it  is 
therefore  possible,  and  perhaps  even  not  unlikely,  that  the  Mrs.  Dewes 
here  mentioned  was  the  wife  of  Gerard  Dewes,  printer,  in  St-  Paulas 
Churchyard,  London,  whose  shop  was  distinguished  by  the  sign  of  the 
Swan  (Herbert's  Ames,  i.  940).     Several  things  are  worthy  of  notice  re- 


I860.]  Magical  Practices.  881 

specting  this  Gerard  Dewes.  He  was  usually  known  by  the  name  of 
*'  Garret  Dewes,*'  and  he  used  as  a  trade  device,  or  printer's  mark,  a  pun- 
ning rebus,  as  it  was  termed,  upon  his  name,  which  is  celebrated  by  Cam- 
den in  his  "  Remains*'  as  '*  the  most  remarkable"  of  '*  the  witty  inventions  of 
some  Londoners."  It  represented  two  persons  in  a  garret  casting  dewes, 
or  deuce,  at  dice.  This  device  may  be  seen  among  those  represented  in 
the  frontispiece  to  Herbert's  Ames.  Another  thing  memorable  about 
Garret  Dewes  is  that  he  was  the  grandfather  of  the  well-known  antiquary. 
Sir  Simonds  Dewes.  In  his  autobiography.  Sir  Simonds  makes  no  men- 
tion of  his  grandfather's  specific  trade,  or  of  his  vulgar  punning  device,  but 
grieves  very  much  in  an  underbred  manner  over  the  blemish  to  his  family 
honours  arising  out  of  his  near  connexion  with  one  who  **  sometimes  dwelt 
in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,"  although  he  asserts  that  he  left  the  City,  and 
seated  himself,  some  years  before  his  death,  at  Gains,  near  Upminster,  in 
the  county  of  Essex.    (Dewes,  Autobiog.,  ed.  Halliwell,  i.  9.) 

Garret  Dewes  was  twice  married  (Weever's  Fun.  Mon.  407,  ed.  1767). 
His  first  wife  was  Grace  Hynde,  whom  Sir  Simonds  strives  to  connect  with 
the  distinguished  family  of  that  name  in  Cambridgeshire.  Ames  repeats 
the  assertion,  but  bluntly  adds,  with  greater  probability,  that  she  was 
*'  a  Dutchwoman,"  and  that  she  died  in  1583,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Faith's 
under  St.  Paul's.  Garret's  second  wife  is  altogether  given  up  by  Sir  Si- 
monds. Probably,  like  her  predecessor,  she  was  some  very  inferior  person, 
suited  in  education  to  the  owner  of  the  Garret  rebus.  If  she  was  the  Mrs. 
Dewes  to  whom  the  present  papers  relate,  certainly  Sir  Simonds  had  no 
reason  for  being  proud  of  her  relationship. 

But  to  the  story.  A  man  named  Atkinson  being  prisoner  in  Newgate, 
was  desirous  to  consult  Mr.  Conjuror  Birch,  and  sent  for  him  "  to  have  his 
advice."  By  some  means  which  are  not  explained,  Atkinson's  conference 
with  Birch  became  known  to  Mrs.  Dewes,  who  seems  to  have  been  also 
confined  in  Newgate,  and  she  prevailed  upon  Atkinson  to  introduce  her  to 
Birch's  acquaintance.  Birch  invited  her  the  day  following,  and  Mrs.  Dewes 
at  once  explained  her  desire  in  consulting  with  him.  *'  Oh,  sir,"  she  said, 
"  you  are  heartily  welcome ;"  and  then  proceeded  to  inform  him  that  her 
husband  and  herself  were  in  some  trouble  about  the  threatened  loss  of  an 
office,  occasioned  by  those  knaves,  Rowland  Heyward,  the  Lord  Mayor, 
and  Justice  Young,  and  the  Sheriffs,  but  especially  by  that  thief  Young, 
*'  who  lived  by  robbing  papists."  These  persons  had  so  misrepresented 
the  case  of  the  Dewses  to  the  Lord  Chamberlain  [Lord  Hunsdon],  that  he 
would  not  read  her  husband's  petitions ;  even  the  Lord  Chancellor  [Sir 
Christopher  Hatton],  who  had  ever  been  her  husband's  friend,  would  do 
nothing  for  her ;  and  Mr.  Recorder  [Fleetwood],  who  she  thought  would 
not  have  been  her  enemy,  he  likewise  now  took  the  part  of  him  who  "  should 
have  her  husband's  office."  She  then  explained  to  her  friend  the  conjuror 
what  she  wished  to  have  done.    Her  desire  was  to  have  "  all  their  pictures, 


382  Original  Documents.  [Oct. 

and  prick  them  with  pins,  that  they  might  think  it  was  God's  doing.  .  .  . 
She  meant  to  prick  them  all  at  the  heart,  and  if  they  died,  all  except  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  it  was  no  matter.*'  The  conjuror  being  no  doubt  well- 
read  in  the  statute  of  the  5th  Eliz.,  spied  danger  in  the  suggested  business, 
and  at  once  went  to  Justice  Toung  and  laid  an  information  against  his 
vehement  client.  Under  the  Justice's  direction  he  thenceforth  played  the 
spy,  assisted  her  in  making  three  of  the  fatal  images,  and  saw  her  thrust 
a  pin  in  the  heart  of  each  of  those  intended  for  Young  and  Sir  Rowland 
Heyward,  with  an  additional  one  under  Heyward's  ribs,  and  two  pins  into 
the  eyes  of  the  image  intended  for  a  person  termed  Pye. 

Although  she  had  thus  far  gratified  her  malice,  she  had  but  incomplete 
faith  in  the  result.     She  watched  her  figures  with  an  interest  compounded 
of  curiosity  and  hope,  and  in  subsequent  interviews  with  the  cunning  man 
assured  him  that  some  of  them  "  did  work  well,  and  so  she  hoped  would  all 
the  rest."     Still  she  looked  forward  to  the  possibility  of  failure,  and  in  that 
case  her  unsated  malice  sought  help  from  the  presumed  science  of  the 
knowing  Birch.   She  curried  favour  with  him  by  gifts  of  lemons,  a  sugar-loaf, 
and  a  capon,  and  held  before  him  a  promise  of  a  far  handsomer  fee,  if  in  case 
the  images  failed.  Birch  would  stand  so  much  her  "  good  friend/*  as  "  to 
do  something  hy  <vrt  to  destroy  all  her  husband's  enemies."    She  had  heard 
of  a  terrible  incident  which  occurred  at  Oxford  in  1577.     The  assizes  were 
held  there  early  in  the  month  of  July.     There  was  a  case  against  one 
Rowland  Jenks,  a  bookseller,  for  sedition,  which  attracted  unusual  atten- 
tion; the  court  was  crowded.     It  was  held  **in  the  Town-hall,  a  close 
place,"  and  probably  in  near  proximity  to  the  gaol.     Stow  gives  the  popular 
belief  as  to  what  ensued.     "  There  arose  amidst  the  people  9%ich  a  damp 
that  almost  all  were  smothered,"     The  whole  auditory  was  seized  with 
gaol  fever.     The  presiding  Judge,  Lord  Chief  Baron  Bell,  the  Sheriff,  the 
jury,  most  of  the  principal  persons  present,  and  many  of  the  mere  auditors, 
to  the  number  of  nearly  five  hundred,  died  within  a  few  weeks,  and  the 
event,  which  occasioned  general  distress  and  panic,  has  ever  since  been 
known  as  the  Oxford  Black  Assize.     This  fearful  "  Black  Assize"  dwelt 
in  the  wicked  memory  of  Mrs.  Dewes.     Building  perhaps  upon  the  name 
of  "  Black  Assize,"  she  evidently  attributed  the  dreadful  result  to  tbe 
Black  Art,  and  tempted  Birch  with  a  promise  of  £40,  which  she  got  her 
husband  to  guarantee,  if  he  would  cut  off  their  enemies  "  in  a  damp." 

Birch  knew  the  resources  of  his  art  too  well  to  be  entrapped  into  any 
such  attempt.  He  does  not  even  seem  to  have  endeavoured  to  secure 
a  part  of  the  £40.  The  diabolical  offer  was  dropped  into  the  open  ears  of 
Justice  Young,  who  in  return  sent  the  Sheriff  to  search  Mrs.  Dewes' 
apartment  in  Newgate.  Two  of  her  "  pictures"  were  found  in  a  cupboard, 
stowed  away  in  a  secret  place,  but  having  the  pins  still  sticking  in  them. 
The  third  figure  had  been  destroyed  by  accident. 

Our  papers  do  not  state  what  became  of  Mrs.  Dewes,  bat,  after  these 


I860.]  Magical  Practices.  883 

introductory  remarks,  our  readers  will  be  fully  able  to  appreciate  whatever 
of  curiosity  and  interest  they  contain. 


INFORMATION  AGAINST  DEWSE'S  WIFE,  JANUARY,  1589—90. 

One  Atkinson  being  prisoner  in  Newgate,  and  being  acquainted  with  one 
Robert  Birche,  who  as  hee  heard  was  kuowen  and  well  thoughte  of  by  Sir 
Edward  Hobby,  did  sende  for  the  said  Birche  to  come  to  him  to  have  his  advise 
in  his  affaires  ;  and  at  his  comminge  Frauncis  Norton  beinge  also  prisoner  there, 
said  that  the  said  Birche  was  a  conjnrer  and  coulde  doe  many  thinges ;  which 
being  heard  of  Mrs.  Lewse,  she  desired  Atkinson  to  be  a  roeane  that  shee  mighte 
speake  with  Birche. 

At  his  cominge  to  her  she  told  him  that  shee  had  heard  of  him  and  longe 
soughte  for  him,  and  that  the  cause  why  she  desired  to  speake  with  him  was,  that 
by  his  counsell  and  aide  she  mighte  be  revenged  of  her  enemies,  wherein  she  said 
he  should  greatly  please  God,  for  one  of  them  was  that  thiefe  Younge  who  lived 
by  robbinge  papistes,  thother  was  Sir  Rowland  Heyward,  Qunston,  and  Sye,  whose 
pictures  she  said  she  would  have  made  and  then  pricke  them  to  the  harte,  or  els 
that  by  his  arte  they  mighte  all  dye,  as  they  did  at  the  Assises  at  Oxford. 

Birche  aunswered  her  that  lier  practise  was  perilous  and  daungerous,  but  he 
woulde  thiuke  on  the  matter  and  tell  her  his  opynion,  and  ymediately  he  imparted 
the  matter  to  Mr.  Younge,  who  wished  him  to  see  what  she  had  done,  but  to  be* 
ware  that  he  did  nothing  himselfe ;  and  oominge  to  her  afterwardes,  she  bad  pre- 
pared waxe  requestinge  him  to  make  the  pictures,  which  hee  said  hee  oould  not 
doe  for  that  hee  was  lame,  and  that  hee  was  lothe  to  geve  his  consente  without  the 
consente  of  her  husbande,  and  shee  said  that  her  husband  was  afrayd  to  come  in 
daunger,  but  hee  would  allowe  her  to  geve  as  much  as  hee  would,  but  yet  he 
should  come  to  him. 

The  next  day  Dewse  came  to  Birche  and  said  that  he  knew  the  cause  of  his 
comynge,  by  his  wyfe,  and  did  saye  that  he  would  performe  what  shee  had  pro- 
mised, and  would  geve  him  £4:0  more ;  and  Birche  said  that  hee  had  forgotten 
their  names,  and  Dewse  wrote  them  with  his  owne  hande ;  and  then  he  said  he 
would  thinke  of  the  matter,  and  Dewse  willed  him  to  come  home  as  scone  as  hee 
coulde. 

Within  two  daies  after  Birche  came  to  Mrs.  Dewse,  and  shee  said  shee  was 
fully  resolved  to  make  the  pictures  of  those  villaynes,  and  praied  him  because  he 
could  not  doe  them,  yet  to  stande  by  her  and  to  tell  her  if  shee  did  amisse.  Then 
sliee  made  three  pictures :  one  for  Mr.  Younge,  and  put  a  pynne  into  his  harte ; 
another  for  Sir  Rowland  Heyward,  and  putt  a  pynne  to  his  harte,  and  another 
under  his  ribbes ;  and  the  third  picture  for  Sye,  and  put  two  pynnes  in  his  eyes  : 
and  shortly  after  Dewse  came  to  Birche  and  told  him  that  hee  feared  Norton 
would  betray  them. 

Mrs.  Dewse  hath  sent  for  Birche  dyvers  tymes  since,  and  sent  him  a  sugar  loafe 
and  lemans,  and  told  him  that  shee  thanked  God  some  of  her  pictures  did  worke 
well,  and  so  she  hoped  would  all  the  reste,  and  desired  him  to  come  often  to 
see  them. 

Upon  searche  made  in  Newgate,  two  pictures  were  founde  in  her  oubord  by  the 
Slieriffe,  in  a  secrete  place,  with  pynnes  sticked  in  them  as  is  aforesaid  ;  and  she 
told  Birche  that  the  third  was  broken^  and  that  she  would  make  more.    And  the 


384  Original  Documents.  [Oct, 

said  two  pictures  remaine  in  the  custodie  of  Mr.  Sebrighte,  Town  Gierke   of 
London,  by  commandment  of  the  Lord  Mayor  and  the  Benche. 

(Indorsed)        "  Januarie,  1589. 

"  Laformation  against  Dewses  wief." 


MR.  BIRCHE'S  REPORT  OF  MRS.  DEWSE'S  WORDS,  JAN.  1590. 

A  true  reporte  of  Mrs.  Dewse  her  wordes  conceminge  her  meaninge  and  dealinge 
towardes  the  Lord  Chauncelor,  the  Lord  Chamberleyne,  Mr.  Recorder,  and 
others,  whereof  I  remember  no  more  of  their  names  but  the  Sheriffes. 

FiRSTE  she  said,  0  Sir,  you  are  hartely  wellcome ;  I  sente  for  you  yesterdaye  to 
thende  to  praye  you  that  if  all  my  frendes  deceyve  me,  and  that  if  neither  mj 
pictures  nor  any  thioge  I  can  doe  eb  will  destroye  myne  enemies,  that  then  you 
will  stande  so  muche  my  good  frende  to  doe  somethinge  by  arte  to  destroye  all 
those  that  are  my  husbandes  enemies  in  a  dampe,  as  I  heard  some  were  at  Oxford 
Assises,  which  are  allmost  all  the  Benche,  by  that  yilleyne  Rowland  Heyward  and 
Younges  meanes,  who  havci  since  you  were  with  me,  sent  the  knaves  Sheriffes  to 
searche  my  house,  who  have  geven  me  such  abhominable  wordes,  and  sent  mj 
maide  to  the  Compter,  and  so  uphelde  Gunstone  that  murtherer  in  all  his  doinges, 
that  noe  woman  is  able  to  endure  the  same.  For  they  had  not  onely  done  her 
those  injuries  and  soughte  to  make  her  husband  lose  his  office  which  woulde  bee 
both  her  and  her  childrens  undoinges,  but  they  had  allso  made  the  Lord  Chamber- 
leyn  that  hee  would  not  reade  her  husbandes  petitions,  and  the  Lord  Chauncelor 
who  was  ever  her  husbandes  frend  woulde  doe  nothinge  for  her,  and  Mr.  Recorder 
whom  she  thought  would  not  have  bene  her  enemie,  he  likewise  did  now  (aa 
shee  heard)  take  his  parte  that  should  have  her  husbandes  office ;  and  all  was 
through  the  knaves  Rowland  Heyward  and  Justice  Younge,  and  the  Sheriffes 
meanes ;  and  therefore  as  shee  was  mynded,  she  would  make  all  their  pictures  and 
pricke  them  with  pynnes  that  they  mighte  thinke  it  was  Gods  doinge,  because 
they  would  suffer  theeves  to  overthrowe  her  husband  without  any  cause;  and 
that  if  I  woulde  come  to  her  againe  within  two  dayes  after,  I  should  see  how  shee 
had  done  them  and  in  what  order,  for  she  mente  to  pricke  them  all  at  the  harte, 
and  if  they  died  all,  excepte  the  Lord  Chauncelor,  it  was  no  matter,  saying,  *'  How 
say  you,  is  it  not  a  good  meanes  to  worke  against  my  enemies  ?  they  tell  me  and 
I  have  often  heard  it  is.'*  Birche  aunswered  that  it  was  a  daungeious  meanes,  and 
that  shee  were  beste  to  take  good  heede  how  shee  dealte,  and  whom  she  trusted  in 
suche  matters,  and  that  the  best  meanes  was  to  pray  to  God  that  Hee  would  tume 
her  enemies  hartes,  and  that  for  his  parte  hee  would  bee  glad  hereafter  if  he  oould 
by  any  good  meanes  doe  her  pleasure.  She  aunswered,  "  I  thank  you,  good  Sire, 
and  if  I  doe  not  prevaile  by  makinge  my  pictures,  if  then  you  will  doe  that  for 
mee  which  was  done  at  Oxford  Assises,  my  husband  will  geve  you  £40  for  your 
paynes."  Birch  aunswered  hee  woulde  doe  any  thinge  hee  could,  with  his  owne 
and  her  safetie,  to  doe  her  good,  but  hee  woulde  doe  it  for  curtesie  and  not  for 
money.  Then  said  she,  "  I  pray  you  of  all  curtesie  as  ever  you  will  doe  any  thinge 
for  me,  take  5s.  of  me  to  buy  a  great  Christall  for  me,  and  when  you  come  againe 
you  shall  see  what  I  will  doe  withall,  and  I  will  crave  your  opynion  howe  you  like 
my  frendes  counsell  about  the  same."  Birche  said,  "  I  will  buy  it  for  you  with, 
a  good  will,  and  I  pray  God  sende  you  good  counseU  f  and  thereupon  she  gave 
6 


I860.]  Treasure  Trove.  885 

him  5s.,  saying  she  would  fayne  have  him  stay  longer,  but  that  she  was  afrayed 
to  have  him  or  any  straunger  sene  with  her,  by  one  Norton,  who  was  a  prisoner, 
who  would  bewraye  all  that  hee  coulde  mistruste  of  her ;  and  so  she  geving  him 
thankes  for  his  paynes,  and  hee  geving  her  thankes  for  her  giftes,  which  were  two 
lemons,  a  sugar  lofe,  and  a  capon,  they  parted  at  that  time. 
These  speeches  she  uttered  the  same  day  she  was  apprehended. 

(Signed)         Robt.  Biachs. 
(Indorsed)         "  Birche  his  last  conference  with  Mrs.  Dewse." 


TKEASTJRE  TROVE. 

The  intention  recently  announced  by  Her  Majesty's  Qoyemment  of  claiming 
possession  of  all  antiquities  henceforth  to  be  discovered,  upon  payment  of  the 
actual  value  to  the  finders,  though  no  doubt  well  meant,  has  given  rise  to  much 
dissatisfaction.  It  is  considered  that  its  effect  must  be  extremely  detrimental, 
as  rendering  the  formation  of  Local  Museums  impracticable,  although  many 
objects  of  antiquity  lose  much  of  their  value  when  &r  removed  from  the  places 
where  they  were  discovered.  There  can  be  no  question  that  the  collection  of 
Roman  Inscribed  and  Sculptured  Stones  belonging  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  recently  noticed  in  our  pages',  would  thus  suffer  if 
removed  from  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  Roman  Wall ;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  the  treasures  of  the  Saxon  sepulchres  in  Kent,  which,  being  often 
of  gold  or  silver,  would  clearly  fall  within  the  scope  of  the  circular  from  the  Home 
Office,  though  that  Department  might  not  desire  to  possess  itself  of  the  former 
class  of  antiquities. 

A  municipal  body  has  been  the  first,  we  believe,  to  move  in  this  matter. 

On  Monday,  Sept.  17,  at  the  monthly  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  City  of 
York,  the  Town  Clerk  read  the  following  letter,  which  had  been  received  from 
the  Secretary  of  State  :— 

"  Whitehall,  Aug.  27, 1860. 

"  SiE, — I  am  directed  by  Secretary  Sir  George  Lewis  to  inform  you  that  the  Lords 
Commissioners  of  the  Treasury  have  been  pleased  to  anthorise  the  payment  to  finders 
of  ancient  coins,  gold  or  silver  ornaments,  or  other  relics  of  antiquity,  in  England  or 
Wales,  of  the  actual  value  of  the  articles,  on  the  same  being  delivered  up  for  behoof  of 
the  Crown ;  and  I  am  to  request  that  you  wiU  instruct  the  police  officers  of  your  borough 
to  give  notice  of  the  intentions  of  Her  Majesty's  Government,  and  to  inform  all  persons 
who  shall  hereafter  make  discoveries  of  any  such  articles,  that  on  their  delivering  them 
to  the  sheriff,  they  will  receive  from  the  Treasury  rewards  equal  in  amount  to  the  full 
intrinsic  value  of  the  articles.  In  all  cases  where  it  shall  come  to  the  knowledge  of 
the  police  that  such  articles  have  been  found,  and  that  the  persons  having  found  them 
refuse  or  neglect  to  deliver  them  up.  Sir  George  Lewis  desires  that  measures  may  be 
taken  for  their  recovery,  and  that  information  may  be  forwarded  to  him. 

"  I  am.  Sir, 

"  Tour  obedient  servant^ 
The  Chairman  of  the  Watoh  Committee,  York,  «GBOBai  Clite." 

Mr.  Wilkinson,  a  councillor,  said  he  thought  this  was  a  very  unjustifiable  pro- 
ceeding, and  one  that  would  tend  to  injure  local  collections.  He  moved  that 
a  copy  of  the  letter  be  forwarded  to  the  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical 
Society.  Mr.  Weatherley  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried.  Mr.  Har- 
grove said  that  when  this  letter  was  read  before  the  Watch  Committee,  it  was 
thought  that  it  would  be  very  unwise  to  adopt  the  suggestion,  and  that  it  would 
be  better  for  old  coins,  &c.,  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  city  to  be  de- 
posited in  the  Museum,  rather  than  that  they  should  be  sent  to  London. 

•  Gknt.  Mag.,  Sept.  1860,  p.  246. 
Geitt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  t  z 


386  [Oct. 


atntiquanan  anti  Hfterarg  ^nteniflciifer. 


[^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentlema.n'8  MAGAZDnt  containing 
their  Communications  may  be  forwarded  to  them.'] 

BRITISH  AECH^OLOGICAX  ASSOCIATION. 

The  members  of  this  Association  held  a  very  successful  meeting,  their 
annual  congress,  at  Shrewsbury  in  the  week  commencing  on  Monday, 
August  6.  Notwithstanding  that  the  Institute  had  met  at  the  same  place 
some  years  previously,  Shropshire  is  so  rich  in  antiquarian  objects  of  at- 
traction, while  the  newly  opened  glories  of  Uriconium  comprised  in  them- 
selves nearly  sufficient  induce'ments  for  the  choice  of  the  locality,  that  no 
apology  was  needed  for  the  selection  of  Shrewsbury.  A  dozen  weekly 
meetings  would  still  leave  something  of  interest  for  the  consideration  of 
another. 

The  opening  meeting  was  held  at  the  ^marks  on  the  chief  objects  of  interest 

Town-hall  at  3  p.m.  on  Monday,  Beriah  ^*^«^  ^^^^y  were  intending  to  vint  during 

BoTPiELD,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  Pre-  *^®  congress.   In  the  course  of  the  address, 

sident  of  the  Association,  in  the  chair;  ^^""^^  "  ^*'  too  long  to  be  quoted  at 

and,  notwithstanding  the  exceedingly  un-  ^«°«*^  ^«''®'  especially  as  it  will  appear 

favourable  state  of  the  weather,  was  well  ^^ereafter  in  its  full  proportions  elsewhere, 

attended.    After  the  presentation  of  an  ^''-  ^^^^^^  "^«ie  some  valuable  obsenra- 

address  from  the  Mayor  and  Cori^ration.  **^°^  °°  *^^®  dialectical  pecuharities  of  the 

which  was  gracefully  acknowledged  by  the  ^^"^^y*  '^^^ch  we  extract  :— 

President,  the  latter  (Mr.  Botfield)  pro-  .    "  ^^  "f.  °°^*^  It^  remaAable  featoro 

,,.  IV.--  iji  in  the  dialect  of  Shropshire  that  it  should 

ceeded  to  read  his  maugural  address,  a  ^^^  borrowed  scarcely  any  word  directly 

long  and  well-written  composition,  which  from  the  contiguous  territory  of  Wales ; 

was  frequently  interrupted  by  loud  and  and  Mr.  Hartshome  thinks  this  fact  may 

well-merited  applause.    This  address  will  serve  to  prove  that  the  English  language, 

be  printed  at  length  by  the  Association.  ??  ^P?^^".  ^^  Salopians  in  an  agricultural 

T„  4.1  ^    r  •*  u      11  J  1  1.  1  district,  IS  marked  by  extreme  aocuracy 

In  the  course  of  it  he  alluded  to  nearly  _„j   «„'•*.„      wt  ^^        ^    *.^  x.  ^ 

.  f  and  punty.     Wales  seems  to  have  pre- 

every  feature  of  interest  m  connexion  with  sented  an  insurmountable  barrier.   Totally 

the  history  of  antiquities  of  Shropshire,  dissimilar  in  all  its  forms  of  speech^  and  in 

Mr.  Botfield  observed,  that  he  appeared  its  terminations,  the  Welsh  has  never  in- 

before  the  meeting  in  a  double  character,  cooperated  itself  in  the  least  degree  with 

-one  as  the  elected  President  of  the  Ar-  ?^"  provindaiUms.     Even  in  that  part  of 

,      1     .    I  A        -  *-         *.  1.1-  u  J-    lo.o  ***®  country  round  Oswestry,  where  our 

chaBologioalAssociation,e8tablishedinl843  intercourse  with  the  Prindpality  is  the 

for  the  encouragement  and  prosecution  of  greatest,  and  there  is  no  natural  line  of 

researches  into  the  arts  and  monuments  demarcation  to  cut  off  the  admixture  of 

of  the  early  and  middle  ages ;  the  other,  ^^®  *^^  hmguages,  they  have  in  no  way 

as  a  native  of  Shropshire,  welcoming  the  ?5fl^..  ^^y.-''''  iT^^^    S^if^Ifl- 

A        •  *•       i.      ov        i_             J    X      .1^  There  is  nothing  like  a  Cambro-British 

Association  to    Shrewsbury  and   to    the  patois,  or  an  Ai^lo- Welsh  idiom,  obeerv- 

county,  and  offering  to  the  members  some  ser?able.    The  English  here  is  quite  m 


]860.] 


British  Archcsological  Association, 


387 


free  from  Welsh  expression  as  it  is  in  the 
centre  of  the  kingdom.  There  is,  however, 
a  \\'elsh  accent  peculiar  to  the  borders  of 
Wales,  whose  further  diffusion  was  pro- 
bably checked  by  the  Severn.  So  great 
are  the  diversities  in  pronunciation  in 
Shropshire,  that  Mr.  Hartshorne  has  enu- 
merated no  less  than  five  dialects  as  spoken 
on  the  English  side  of  the  same  river.  A 
similar  peculiarity  may  be  remarked  in 
Pembrokeshire,  that '  Little  England  be- 
yond Wales,'  as  its  maritime  district  is 
frequently  termed.  Speaking  generally,  a 
line  drawn  through  the  centre,  from  east 
to  west,  would  divide  the  country  into 
two  districts.  To  the  north  of  this  line 
we  encounter  a  people  speaking  the  Welsh 
language,  and  having  the  well-defined  fea- 
tures of  the  Celtic  race.  On  the  south  of 
the  same  line  there  is  a  sensible  difference. 
The  inhabitants  use  the  English  language 
alone,  whilst  their  physiognomy,  wholly 
distinct  from  their  neighbours  of  the  hill 
country,  proclaims  them  to  be  of  a  differ- 
ent race  —  descendants,  in  fact,  of  the 
Flemish  colonists  who  occupied  the  rich 
country  between  Milford  and  Tenby  in  the 
time  of  Henry  I.  Professor  Earle  has 
remarked  how  purely  and  grammatically 
the  English  language  is  spoken  along  the 
eastern  side  of  Radnorshire,  and  on  the 
western  side  of  Herefordshire,  very  much 
better  than  in  those  parts  where  the  Eng- 
lish had  been  longer  planted.  A  parallel 
case  is  found  in  Cornwall,  the  pure  un- 
Celtic  English  of  which  county  had  cre- 
ated some  Httle  wonder." 

After  a  great  variety  of  other  observa- 
tions on  the  history  and  antiquities  of 
Shropshire,  Mr.  Botfield  resumed  his  seat 
amidst  loud  and  prolonged  applause. 

Mr.  Slaney,  M.P.,  proposed,  and  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  G.  Bridgeman  seconded, 
a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  President  for  his 
able  address,  after  which  Mr.  Petti  grew 
announced  the  order  of  proceedings  for 
the  rest  of  the  day.  At  the  abbey  church, 
Mr.  C.  E.  Davis,  F.S.A.,  made  some  obser- 
vations on  the  general  character  of  the 
building.  Proceeding  down  the  south 
aisle,  Mr.  Planchd  offered  some  remarks 
upon  the  monuments ;  and  Mr.  Pettigrew 
read  a  short  paper  on  a  very  ancient  stone 
monument  or  sepulchral  slab  at  the  lower 
end  of  the  aisle,  in  which  he  stated  that  it 
was  an  example  of  a  very  rare  kind,  if  not 
indeed  unique.  It  was  a  slab  which  had 
been  placed  over  the  tomb  of  a  clerk  in 
minor  orders,  and  its  date  might  be  as- 


signed to  the  thirteenth  century.  The 
effigy  was  habited  in  an  alb,  and  four  sym- 
bols appeared, — viz.,  a  bell;  the  second, 
what  seemed  to  be  a  chalice,  but  which 
had  been  conjectured  upon  good  authority 
to  be  a  holy  water  vat ;  the  third,  a  book  ; 
and  the  fourth  a  lighted  taper.  Some 
other  places  in  the  town  were  then  visited, 
the  most  interesting  of  which  was  the 
abbey  pulpit,  so  well  known  to  all  intel- 
ligent visitors  to  Shrewsbury. 

After  an  agreeable  tahh  d^hdte,  at  the 
evening  meeting  Mr.  Planch^  read  a 
learned  and  important  antiquarian  paper 
on  the  Norman  earls  of  Shrewsbury,  in- 
cluding a  large  amount  of  interesting  in- 
formation on  ancient  armour,  effigies,  &c 
Then  followed  a  paper  by  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  G.  Bridgeman  on  the  Princes  of 
Upper  Powys;  and  lastly,  one  by  Mr. 
Gordon  Hills  on  Buildwas  Abbey,  a  paper 
distinguished  by  careful  research,  and 
illustrated  by  drawings  which  were  the 
result  of  actual  measurement  and  personal 
examination. 

On  Tuesday  the  members  of  the  Asso- 
ciation visited  Buildwas  Abbey,  a  fine 
ruin,  still  magnificent  in  its  decay,  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  Severn.  Here  Mr. 
Gordon  Hills  described  the  main  features 
of  this  interesting  building.  From  this 
place  the  party  proceeded  to  visit  the 
encaustic  tile  manufactory  of  Messrs.  Mavr 
and  Co.,  where  the  processes  were  well 
explained  by  Mr.  George  Maw,  who  after- 
wards received  the  members  of  the  Sodety 
at  a  handsome  hmeheon  at  their  residence 
at  Benthall-hall,  a  fine  Elizabethan  man- 
sion erected  in  1573.  In  the  entrance 
hall  were  appropriately  laid  out  numerous 
books  of  rare  drawings  and  engravings, 
plans  of  the  tesselated  pavements  found 
at  Wroxeter,  a  collection  of  old  tobacco- 
pipes  of  the  original  Broseley  manufacture, 
sent  by  Mr.  Thersfield,  and  several  other 
objects  of  interest.  Leaving  Benthall,  the 
party  proceeded  to  Wenlock  Abbey,  one  of 
the  most  interesting  ruins  in  the  kingdom, 
which  was  commented  upon  by  Mr.  £. 
Roberts.  They  then  visited  the  chm*ch, 
and  the  fine  old  rooms  in  the  Town  Hall, 
the  carved  oak  in  the  latter  place  exciting 
much  attention. 


888 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct. 


At  the  evening  meeting  Mr.  Pettigrew 
read  a  very  important  paper  by  the  Bev. 
E.  W.  Eyton,  F.S.A.,  on  the  castlea  of 
Shropshire.  This  valuable  oommunication 
will  doubtlessly  be  printed  by  the  Assoda- 
tion,  and  it  is  not  one  an  abstract  of  which 
is  easily  given. 

On  Wednesday  an  excursion  was  made 
to  Tong  Church,  where  Mr.  Planch^  com- 
mented upon  the  numerous  beautiful  efS- 
gies  and  monuments  in  the  church,  which 
were  in  a  better  state  of  preservation  than 
any  of  a  similar  kind  in  the  kingdom.  The 
party  then  ^proceeded  to  Decker-hill,  the 
residence  of  the  President,  who  received 
them  with  g^reat  hospitality  and  kind  at- 
tention. After  this,  Shiffhal  Church  was 
visited  and  briefly  commented  upon  by 
the  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit.  Another  party  of 
the  excursionists  proceeded  to  Lilleshali 
Abbey,  the  remarkably  fine  ruins  of  which 
were  described  by  Mr.  Roberts.  He  stated 
that  the  date  of  the  foundation  was  in  the 
reign  of  Stephen,  and  belonged  to  the  col- 
lege of  St.  Alkmund,  Shrewsbury.  There 
was  a  charter  of  the  first  year  of  the  reign 
of  King  John.  It  was  said  to  have  been 
inhabited  by  the  canons  of  St.  Augustine. 
Mr.  Roberts  highly  eulogised  Mr.  Eyton's 
account  of  the  abbey,  which  he  confirmed 
from  personal  survey  and  enquiry. 

At  the  evening  meeting  the  Rev.  C.  H. 
Hartshome  read  a  highly  interesting  and 
able  paper  on  Powis  Land  and  Powis 
Castle.  This  will  no  doubt  be  one  of  the 
communications  selected  for  publication 
by  the  Society.  It  was  followed  by  two 
other  papers,  one  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dodd, 
on  Boscobel,  White  Ladies,  and  the  Royal 
Oak;  the  other,  an  interesting  one  by 
Mr.  Levien,  of  the  British  Museum,  on  the 
manuscript  known  as  the  Shrewsbury  Boq)L. 
This  book  is  so  called  because  it  was  exe- 
cuted by  order  of  John  Talbot,  Esq.,  of 
Shrewsbury,  as  a  wedding  present  for 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Rend,  Duke  of 
Anjou  and  Maind;  and  titular  King  of 
Sicily,  Naples,  and  Jerusalem,  upon  the 
occasion  of  her  marriage  with  Henry  VI., 
King  of  England  and  France,  in  April, 
1445.  The  volume,  therefore,  is  no  less 
interesting  as  an  example  of  the  state  of 
arts  at  the  period  when  it  was  executed. 


than  it  is  on  aoooxmt  of  the  historical 
associations  which  it  calls  up,  and  the 
illustrious  persons  by  and  to  whom  it  was 
presented.  The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  who 
was  the  donor  of  this  noble  book,  was  that 
"  martial  and  warlike  Talbot"  whose  cha- 
racter Shakespeare  had  so  well  drawn. 
Margaret  of  Anjou  was  an  artist  of  no 
ordinary  degree  of  merit.  The  book  is  a 
large  folio,  1  ft.  7  in.  in  length,  by  1  ft. 
1  in.  in  width,  and  4  in.  thick,  nnmbered 
15  E.  VI.  in  that  noble  library  (in  the 
British  Museum)  presented  by  (George  II. 
to  the  nation  in  1757,  which  is  now  known 
as  the  "  Royal  Collection ;"  it  is  written 
in  French,  on  vellum,  in  double  columns  ; 
and  it  is  profusely  illustrated  thronghont 
with  illuminated  letters,  borders,  and  mi- 
niatures in  blue,  gold,  and  other  rich 
colours  used  by  illuminators  of  that  period. 
Mr.  Levien  then  proceeded  to  describe  the 
book  in  detail,  and  shewed  that  it  was  a 
surpassingly  beautiful  production  of  art, 
which  he  strongly  advised  his  hearers  to 
examine  for  themselves. 

On  Thursday  the  Assodation  visited  the 
now  well-known  and  interesting  mins  of 
Stokesay  Castle,  the  license  to  crenellate 
which  was  dated  in  129L  These  rains 
were  ably  commented  upon  by  Mr.  C.  £. 
Davis,  F.SJl.  From  this  place  the  ex- 
cursionists proceeded  by  special  tnun  to 
Ludlow,  where  the  magpufioent  choich 
was  commented  upon  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  At  the  castle  the 
party  was  again  indebted  to  Mr.  Wright 
for  an  extempore  address  on  the  history 
of  that  noble  ruin.  After  the  condnncm 
of  his  address,  Mr.  Wright  conducted  the 
party  through  the  keep  tower  and  Norman 
parts  of  the  castle,  then  through  the 
stately  buildings  of  Roger  de  Mortimer, 
and  so  over  the  whole  of  the  castle,  point- 
ing out  and  explaining  to  them  the  dif- 
ferent characteristics  and  purposes  of  the 
various  parts  of  the  buildings,  and  the 
different  alterations  they  had  undergone 
at  various  periods  of  history.  He  after- 
wards led  them  round  the  exterior  of  the 
castle,  and  thence  across  Dinham  bridge 
over  Whitclifi^e,  where  they  were  delighted 
with  the  beauty  of  the  town  and  river* 
and  the  magnificence  of  the  view;  tod  so 


I860.] 


British  Archmological  Association. 


^89 


over  Ludford  bridge,  throngh  the  Broad- 
gate, —  the  only  remaining  gate  of  the 
town, — to  the  antique  Feathers  Inn,  in 
the  quaint  old  apartments  of  which  a 
sumptuous  dejeuner  was  liberally  provided 
for  the  Society  by  Sir  Charles  B.Boughton, 
Bart.,  High  Sheriff  of  the  county. 

At  the  evening  meeting  an  interesting 
paper  was  read  by  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit, 
F.S.A.,  on  Shiffnal  Church,  illustrated  by 
a  very  numerous  collection  of  beautifully 
executed  drawings,  photographs  and 
sketches,  of  both  the  interior  and  exterior 
of  the  church.  The  Rev.  author  entered 
minutely  into  the  peculiar  architectural 
features  presented  by  that  venerable  build- 
ing. This  important  contribution  will, 
we  understand,  be  printed  entire  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Association. 

The  next  paper  was  a  most  amusing 
and  interesting  one,  on  the  local  legends 
of  Shropshire,  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq., 
M.A.,  F.S.A.  Some  of  the  stories  ob- 
tained by  Mr.  Wright  from  oral  tradition 
were  of  the  most  singular  character,  and 
he  explained  them  by  tracing  the  history 
of  such  legends  from  the  primitive  mytho- 
logy of  our  Teutonic  ancestors.  This  paper 
also  will  be  printed. 

Friday, 

The  excursion  this  day  was  to  Shelve 
and  Linley-hall.  Arrived  at  the  Shelve- 
hill,  where  the  Gravels  lead  mine  is  in 
active  and  prosperous  operation,  the  party 
alighted,  and  assembled  in  the  yard  of 
the  new  mine,  where  Mr.  T.  Wright  ad- 
dressed them.  He  said  that  Shelve-hill 
was  full  of  lead  ore,  of  which  there  were 
about  nine  veins  running  nearly  perpen- 
dicular. When  the  Romans  came  here, 
they  found  these  cropping  out  at  the  sur- 
face, and  they  followed  them  to  as  great 
a  depth  as  they  could,  or  until  they  found 
no  more  ore.  There  was  a  passage  in 
Pliny  relating  to  the  lead  found  in  Britain, 
which  probably  referred  to  this  very  spot. 
PHny  says  that  in  Britain  they  found  the 
lead  on  the  surface  of  the  earth, — ^if  he 
remembered  right,  the  author's  words  were 
summo  corio,  or  the  outer  skin, — and  in 
such  abundance,  that  it  was  considered 
prudent  to  forbid  more  than  a  certain 


amount  to  be  taken  in  a  year.  PHny  lived 
in  the  middle  and  latter  half  of  the  first 
century,  and  it  is  curious  that  the  Roman 
pigs  of  lead  found  in  this  neighbourhood, 
and  evidently  obt^ned  from  these  mines, 
all  bore  the  name  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian, 
who  flourished  early  in  the  second  century. 
This  shews  us  at  what  an  early  period 
these  mines  were  worked.  Mr.  Wright 
observed  also  that  it  was  very  remarkable 
that  it  was  in  this  latter  reign  Ptolemy 
the  geographer  mentions  for  the  first  time 
the  town  of  Viroconium  or  Uriconium,  as 
the  chief  place  in  this  part  of  the  country, 
and  he  could  not  but  think  that  our 
Uriconium  derived  much  of  its  importance 
from  its  proximity  to  these  Roman  mining 
districts.  Before  leading  the  visitors  up 
the  hill  to  view  the  remains  of  the  Roman 
mines,  he  pointed  out  to  them  some  of  the 
objects  of  interest  in  the  landscape  around, 
such  as  the  mountain  of  Comdon,  with  its 
summit  covered  with  tumuli ;  the  circle  of 
stone  at  its  foot  called  Mitchel's-fold,  of 
which  he  had  told  them  the  story  in  his 
paper  on  local  legends  the  previous  even- 
ing ;  another  circle  called  the  Hoar- 
stones, &c 

The  view  from  the  Shelve-hill  was  ex- 
ceedingly grand,  altliough  considerably 
obscured  by  distant  nun.  The  route  to 
Linley-hall  was  full  of  picturesque  beauty. 
Arrived  at  the  Hall,  the  party  were  courte- 
ously received  by  the  Rev.  T.  P.  More, 
Miss  More,  and  Mr.  Jasper  More;  and, 
after  viewing  some  of  the  curiosities  near 
the  mansion,  and  the  books  and  pictures 
in  the  rooms,  at  two  o'clock  luncheon  was 
announced.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  dining- 
room,  and  was  of  a  most  sumptuous  de- 
scription. After  luncheon,  Mr.  Botfield 
proposed  the  thanks  of  the  Association  be 
given  to  the  Rev.  T.  F.  More  for  the 
sumptuous  hospitality  they  had  that  day 
received.  He  alluded  to  the  beautiful  site 
of  Mr.  More's  fine  mansion,  one  of  the 
finest  of  the  Palladium  style  in  the  king- 
dom, and  to  the  magnificent  scenery  by 
which  it  was  surrounded.  He  had  per- 
sonally to  thank  Mr.  More  for  his  hearty 
reception  of  him  upon  all  occasions,  and 
the  way  in  which  he  had  received  so 
numerous  a  company  on  the  preseut  oc« 


890 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct. 


casion  spoke  well  for  his  kindness  and 
generosity.  The  Rev.  T.  F.  More  returned 
thanks,  remarking  that  the  untoward  state 
of  the  weather  had  prevented  the  party 
from  realising  the  heauties  of  the  country 
through  which  they  passed.  He  felt  sin- 
cere pleasure  in  meeting  the  archssologists 
and  their  friends,  and  wished  they  had 
more  worthy  of  their  notice.  He  proposed 
prosperity  to  the  British  Archaeological 
Association.  Mr.  Botfield  replied,  and  in 
doing  so  he  alluded  to  the  value  of 
archaeological  and  antiquarian  research, 
and  to  the  amount  of  good  their  Society 
and  kindred  Societies  were  doing.  He 
concluded  by  hoping  that  they  would 
always  be  well  supported ;  and  would 
gay,  "Esto  perclara,"  and  "Esto  perpetua." 

The  visitors  then  proceeded  to  view  the 
interesting  collection  of  antiquities,  in- 
cluding the  Roman  wooden  spades  and 
some  Roman  pottery  found  in  the  locality, 
together  with  the  pig  of  lead  found  at 
Shelve  mine,  proving  that  it  had  been 
worked  by  the  Romans.  Afterwards,  when 
the  party  returned  to  partake  of  coffee 
and  refreshments,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hum- 
phreys read  a  curious  paper  upon  the 
etymology  of  the  names  of  the  neighbour- 
ing villages,  hamlets,  hills,  valleys,  resi- 
dences, books,  and  so  forth.  The  Rev.  T. 
F.  More  also  gave  a  brief  description  of 
the  hall.  The  large  Roman  villa,  with 
the  remains  of  hypocausts,  were  also  visited 
and  commented  upon. 

Shortly  after  half-past  four  the  party 
left  Linley-hall,  and  returned  to  Shrews- 
bury over  the  Cothercote-hill,  and  by  way 
of  Pulverbatch  and  Longden. 

The  Eveniko  Meeting 
took  place  at  half -past  eight  o'clock,  in 
the  Town-hall,  soon  after  the  return  of 
the  excursionists. 

Tlie  President  having  taken  his  seat, 
Mr.  Maw,   of   Benthall-hall,   read  bis 
paper  on^ 

The  Tesselated  PAVEMBirrs  discotbred 

AT  WaOXBTEB  LAST  YeAR. 

He  gave  a  minute  and  elaborate  account 
of  the  various  tesselated  pavements  which 
had  been  found,  and  which  he  had  illus- 


trated by  a  series  of  beaatifally-execnted 
diagrams,  giving  thereby  a  much  better 
idea  of  his  subject  than  a  dozen  readings 
could  possibly  have  done.  Portions  of  the 
pavements  (iVom  the  Museum)  were  also 
placed  upon  the  table,  and  gave  additional 
interest  to  the  lecture.  Mr.  Maw  also 
briefly  described  a  simple  yet  ingenious 
method  of  his  own  invention,  for  raising 
and  transporting  in  their  entirety  portions 
of  pavement  of  this  nature.  At  the  con- 
clusion a  vote  of  thanks  was,  on  the  mo- 
tion of  the  President,  voted  to  Mr.  Maw 
for  his  interesting  paper. 

The  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth  next  gave  a 
paper  descriptive  of 

WaoxETia  Church  and  its  Monu- 
ments. 

He  commenced  by  stating  that  a  chnrch 
existed  at  Wroxeter  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesday  survey,  when  four  priests  were 
attached  thereto.  It  was  probably  located 
on  the  site  of  the  present  church,  altbongh 
no  remains  are  known  to  exist,  unless  the 
font  be,  as  he  conjectures,  identical  with 
the  one  used  in  the  Saxon  church.  This 
font  consists  of  a  portion  of  an  anient 
Roman  column,  adapted  to  its  present 
purpose  by  being  partially  hollowed  oat, 
and  must  have  existed  previous  to  the 
Saxon  occupation.  He  afterwards  en- 
tered into  a  minute  description  of  the 
several  interesting  monuments  which  the 
church  possesses,  amongst  which  were  those 
of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Bromley,  '*one  of 
the  executors  to  the  King  of  most  fiunoos 
memory,  Henry  VIII.,  the  which  deceased 
XV  day  of  May,  1555,"  and  of  Sur  Richard 
Newport,  the  ancestor  of  the  E^^ls  of 
Bradford,  who  died  in  1570,  and  several 
others  pertaining  to  the  same  noble  fiimily, 
whose  genealogy  he  traced  to  its  source. 
He  then  alluded  to  the  pious  fonnder  of 
Donnington  school  (Thomas  Alcock,  yeo- 
man), who  in  1627  left  "  20  merks  yearly 
towards  the  maintenance  of  a  free  Gram- 
mer  Schoole  for  the  instruction  of  the 
youth  of  Wroxcester  and  Upping^n/'  at 
which  school  Richard  Baxter  received  the 
rudiments  of  education.  A  military  gemns 
of  the  present  day  (Sir  Herbert  Edwardes) 
also  had  elementary  instmction  at  tlus 


I860.] 


British  Archceological  Association, 


391 


school.  Mr.  Scarth  concluded  amidst  ap- 
plause, and  received  a  vote  of  thanks  for 
the  paper. 

Flint  Implements. 

Mr.  Wright  exhibited  a  large  and  very 
extraordinary  collection  of  flint  imple- 
ments, consisting  of  axes,  spears,  arrow- 
heads, knives,  fishhooks,  Faws,  &c.,  &c,  the 
property  of  Mr.  Edward  Tindall,  of  Brid- 
lington, Yorkshire,  in  which  neighbour- 
hoo<l  chiefly  they  were  found.  Mr.  Wright 
pointed  out  briefly  the  interest  which 
those  objects  presented  at  the  present  mo- 
ment, but  he  said  that  the  subject  was 
rather  large,  and  involved  so  many  ques- 
tions that  he  thought  it  would  be  advis- 
able, instead  of  entering  upon  it  at  this 
time,  to  adjourn  the  consideration  of  it  to 
one  of  the  public  meetings  of  the  Archaeo- 
logical Association  in  London.  He  would 
make  a  few  remarks,  however,  on  three 
questions  connected  with  it,  which  on 
such  an  occasion  should  not  perhaps  be 
passed  over  silently.  In  the  first  place,  as 
to  their  antiquity,  he  gave  facts  to  shew 
that  this  was  not  necessarily  so  great  as 
some  people  were  inclined  to  suppose,  but 
that  it  was  the  practice  at  all  periods, 
among  people  not  highly  civilized,  to  use 
stone  for  such  purposes  when  metal  could 
not  lie  procured,  while  it  was  evident  that 
a  good  number  of  those  flint  implements 
had  been  made  in  imitation  of  implements 
of  metal.  The  third  question  to  which  he 
would  allude  was  the  discovery  of  such 
implements  in  the  drift  which  had  been 
lately  discussed  so  much,  and  in  regard  to 
which  he  thought  that  further  discovery 
and  discussion  would  lead  in  the  end  to 
the  discovery  that  the  geologists  were  la- 
bouring under  a  delusion.  In  the  third 
place,  Mr.  Wright  gave  a  curious  account 
of  forgeries  of  flint  implements,  of  which 
he  exhibited  a  considerable  number,  manu- 
factured by  some  men  who  lived  on  the 
coast  of  Yorkshire.  He  said,  in  refer- 
ring to  this  part  of  his  subject,  that  it  be- 
longed rather  to  police  than  archaeology. 
It  was,  however,  a  fact  that  within  the 
last  eight  or  ten  years  there  had  risen 
up  forgers  of  these  flint  instruments — a 
very  inconvenient  thing,  for  the  material 


changed  in  appearance  by  age  less  than 
any  metal,  and  the  forgery  was  conse- 
quently most  difficult  to  detect.  He  ex- 
hibited a  number  of  these  forgeries,  and 
explained  how  they  had  been  detected 
through  the  ignorance  of  the  forgers.  The 
principal  of  these  forgers  was  one  Wilson, 
a  man  with  many  aliases,  who  was  now 
dead.  Finally,  he  repeated  his  earnest 
desire  that  the  Archssological  Association 
should  meet  in  London  to  discuss  the  sub- 
ject thoroughly. 

Mr.  Pettigrew,  F.R.S.,  F.S. A.,  cordially 
joined  in  this  recommendation*. 

Mr.  Gould  mentioned  the  fact  that  a 
number  of  these  flint  instruments  had 
been  discovered  in  Jerusalem  by  an  Eng- 
lish traveller,  but  that  the  search  for  them 
had  been  stopped  by  the  Turkish  authori- 
ties. It  was  also  observed  that  some  of 
the  larger  implements  on  the  table,  adzes, 
&c.,  were  of  granite,  such  as  were  seen  in 
the  South  Sea  Islands. 

After  the  announcement  of  the  pro- 
ceedings for  the  next  day,  the  meeting  was 
adjourned  about  half- past  ten  o'clock. 

On  Saturday  the  excursions  were  to 
Battlefield,  Haughmond  Abbey,  and 
Wroxeter.  On  the  first  two,  appropriate 
observations  were  made  by  Mr.  Roberts. 
The  last  was  of  course  the  great  object  of 
the  day ;  and  here,  at  Uriconium,  which 
Mr.  Wright  has  made  so  completely  his 
own,  that  distinguished  archseologist 
kindly  undertook  the  office  of  conductor, 
and  with  great  pains  described  the  whole 
of  the  uncovered  parts  of  the  interesting 
ruins  of  this  once  large  city. 

He  received  the  excursionists  at  the 
entrance  to  the  portion  of  land  in  pos- 
session of  the  excavations  committee,  and 
led  them  first  to  the  apartment  supposed, 
fVom  the  furnaces  and  other  erections 
within  it,  to  have  been  the  atelier  of  a 
worker  in  metals,  perhaps  of  an  enameller. 
This  room,  which  abutted  on  the  street  of 
the  forum,  is  just  opposite  the  entrance 
gate.  A  short  distance  beyond  it  begin 
the  hypocausts  of  the  public  baths,  which 
stretch  along  to  the  far   side  of  the  in- 

•  Since  the  concern  it  has  been  determined  to 
hold  a  special  meeting  to  thoroughly  diacoss  this 
curious  and  obscure  subject. 


892 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Oct. 


closure.      Mr.  Wright   led   the    ymtors 
through  these  and  the  adjoining  build- 
ings and  courts,  explaining  the  different 
objects  of  interest  in  the  order  in  which 
they  presented  themselves,  and  at  the  end 
of  them  conducted  the  party,  which  was 
a  very  numerous  one,  to  the  top  of  the 
great  mound  formed  by  the  earth  and 
rubbish  taken  out  of  the  excavations,  from 
which  they  obtained  a  bird*s-eye  view  of 
the  uncovered  ruins,  and  a  magnificent 
prospect  of  the  country  around.     They 
descended  hence  to  the  southern  side  of 
the  excavations,  and  proceeded  westward 
along  the  uncovered  Roman  street,  ex- 
amining the  remains  of  buildings  on  each 
side,  till  they  came  to  its  extremity  where 
it  entered  the  forum.     Mr.  Wright  here 
pointed  out  the  gutter,  or  water-course, 
in  a  remarkably  perfect  state,  which  ran 
along   the  side  of  another  street,  in  a 
direction  southward  from  the  forum,  and 
after  they  had  examined  the  buildings 
bordering  upon  this  street,  they  accom- 
panied him  to  the  interesting  mass  of 
buildings  which  has  been  supposed  to  be 
a  market-place    with    its    accompanying 
storehouses.    Here  Mr.  Wright  concluded 
his  remarks,  and  a  large  party  of  the  ex- 
cursionists proceeded  to  the  church.    The 
Rev.   E.   Egremont  received   the   party. 
Mr.  Roberts  described  the  building.     On 
entering  the  edi6ce,  he  expressed  a  hope 
that  the   churchwardens  would  improve 
upon  the  works  of  their  predecessors.     He 
suggested   that   a    large    square    canopy 
above  one  of  the  pews,  which  he  face- 
tiously termed  a  bedstead,  should  have  its 
top  cut  off,  and  be  made  so  as  not  to  in- 
tercept the  view  of  those  who  sat  in  the 
church   behind  it.     He  understood  also 
that  there  was  a  beautiful  oak  ceiling 
which  was  covered  over  with  plaster.     If 
that  was  the  case,  he  hoped  that  the  old 
and  better   workmanship  would   be  laid 
bare.     The  monuments  were  referred  to 
by  several  gentlemen  as  being  in  a  state 
of  preservation  so  good  as  to  astonish 
thein.      Ascending  the   organ-loft,   Mr. 
Roberts  examined  the  columns  forming 
the  sides  of  the  archway,  and  regretted 
that  they  should  have  been  cut  away  so 
ruthlessly  to  provide  for  the  choir. 

7 


The  party  then  left  Wroxeter  Church, 
and  a  number  of  persons  accompanied 
Mr.  Wright  to  the  cemetery  of  Uri- 
conium,  and  had  pointed  out  to  them 
where  the  deformed  skulls  were  found. 

Progress  was  then  made  on  the  journey 
in  the  direction  of  Shrewsbury. 

Atcham  Chubch 

having  been  reached,  the  Rev.  H.  Barton, 
rural  dean,  and  some  of  his  friends,  re- 
ceived the  Association  with  courtesy,  and 
afforded  them  facilities  for  the  inspection 
of  that  edifice.  The  gpreatest  curiomty  at- 
tending the  visit  to  this  place  was  disco- 
vered in  the  churchyard,  in  the  shape  of 
a  stone  over  a  grave  which  had  a  croes 
cut  upon  it,  the  top  portion  being  encir- 
cled, and  on  either  side  two  animaU  with 
their  feet  resting  on  the  perpendicular, 
the  various  parts  of  which  were  distinctly 
traceable.  It  was  the  desire  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Association  that  a  drawing  of 
this  stone  should  be  taken.  The  moes 
was  scrubbed  off,  and  the  water  sponged 
out  of  the  hollows,  but  the  dampness  pre- 
cluded Mr.  Faulkner  taking  a  rubbing  on 
paper.  Mr.  Roberts  accordingly  took  a 
pencil  sketch.  This  concluded  the  day's 
round ;  and  the  party  having  taken  a  fare- 
well of  Atcham  Church,  partially  covered 
with  ivy,  and  looking  interesting  and  at- 
tractive in  its  snug  situation  in  a  nook  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  Severn,  Shrewsbury 
was  again  resorted  to. 

The  EvEKiNa  MEETiira, 

in  the  Shire-hall.  Many  members  had 
taken  their  departure  during  the  day,  and 
the  number  of  persons  who  were  present 
on  the  last  occasion  was  not  so  large  as 
usual.  Notwithstanding,  the  interest  re- 
mained unabated,  and  the  business  was 
entered  upon  with  zest,  which  indicated 
that  the  subject  was  by  no  means  worn 
out  or  the  interest  of  the  visit  eihaosted. 

The  President  having  opened  the  pro* 
ceedings, 

Mr.  Pettigrew  read  a  paper  which  he 
had  received  fh)m  Dr.  Wright,  on  "  the 
Distorted  Skulls  of  Wroxeter,"  which 
created  a  lively  discuanon. 

Mr.  Levien  next  read  a  p^p^*  in  com* 


I860.] 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


393 


pliance  with  the  wish  of  Mr.  Salt,  con- 
corning  the  towns  of  Churchstoke,  Aston, 
and  Mellington,  from  the  "  Hereford  Re- 
gister." 

Mr.  Pettigrew  then  rose  and  said :  "We 
have  now  an-ived  at  that  period  of  our 
proceedings  when  it  becomes  us  to  return 
our  thanks  to  those  individuals  who  have 
assisted  us  in  bringing  our  Congress  to  a 
useful  conclusion.  The  first  duty  we  have 
to  perform  is  to  return  our  thanks  to  the 
patrons  of  our  Association ;  and  perhaps 
it  would  not  be  unbecoming  of  me  to  pro- 
pose that,  as  it  has  been  my  lot  especially 
to  know  of  the  patronage  extended  to  this 
Association  by  those  illustrious  individuals. 
I  need  not  tell  you  how  much  the  success 
of  the  efibrts  of  this  Association  depends 
on  the  patronage  we  find,  and  particularly 
so  on  our  visit  to  this  county.  Perhaps 
on  no  occasion  have  we  been  honoured 
with  so  numerous  a  list  of  patrons  as  that 
which  has  distinguished  our  Congress  in 
Shropshire.  I  may  add  that  the  way  in 
which  that  patronage  has  been  afforded 
has  considerably  enhanced  the  importance 
of  it.  When  we  look  at  the  list  of  our 
patrons — the  Lord  Viscount  Hill  (lord- 
lieutenant  of  Salop),  his  Grace  the  Duke 
of  Cleveland,  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Suther- 
land, the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  and  Talbot, 
the  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  and  the  Right 
Kev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  the  Diocese — 
yuu  will  see  that  there  is  abundant  cause 
for  the  expression  of  our  gratitude.  I 
will  not  detain  you  by  making  any  further 
observations  at  this  late  hour,  fiirther  than 
to  assure  you  that  what  I  have  received 
from  them  has  been  an  anxious  desire  to 
assist  this  congress,  and  some  of  them 
have  expressed  it  in  contributions.  I  beg, 
therefore,  to  propose  that  the  thanks  of 
this  Association  be  given  to  the  patrons." 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried 
with  cordiality. 

!Mr.  Gould  then  proposed  that  the  thanks 
of  the  meeting  be  given  to  Sir  Baldwin 
Leigh  ton  and  the  county  magistrates  for 
the  use  of  the  hall  in  which  the  meetings 
had  been  held.     Carried. 


Other  votes  of  thanks  were  then  carried. 

Mr.  Thomas  Wiight  proposed  a  vote 
of  thanks  to  the  Mayor  and  Corpora- 
tion and  the  Local  Committee,  who  h  id 
shewn  great  zeal  and  desire  to  promote 
the  success  of  the  congress  of  the  Associa- 
tion in  the  town  of  Shrewsbury. 

Mr.  Levien  proposed  the  thanks  of  the 
Association  to  Mr.  Pettigrew  and  the  offi- 
cers, which  the  Treasurer  acknowledged. 

Mr.  Roberts  proposed  a  special  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  Local  Committee. 

Mr.  Previte  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks 
to  the  gentlemen  who  had  entertained 
the  members  during  their  excursions. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Bayley  moved  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  which  was 
seconded  by  Mr.  Edward  Haycock,  and 
carried.  Mr.  Wright  acknowledged  the 
compliment. 

Mr.  Pettigrew  next  moved  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  President  for  his  conduct 
in  the  chair,  and  referred  to  his  able  ad- 
dress and  the  attention  which  he  bad 
shewn  to  the  interests  of  the  Association 
by  accompanying  them  on  their  excur- 
sions. He  had  also  honoured  them  by 
the  presence  of  his  lady  to  cheer  them; 
and  speaking  of  the  ladies,  he  o'iserved 
that  they  had  heard  of  the  pluck  of 
Englishmen,  but  the  pluck  of  English- 
women he  thought  they  would  consider 
far  greater  when  they  recollected  how 
that  sex  had  accompanied  them  on  the 
excursions  and  taken  part  in  their  re- 
searches. 

The  President  replied  at  length  to  the 
vote  of  thanks,  his  speech  being  an  able 
resume  of  the  week's  proceedings. 

Thus  closed  one  of  the  most  instructive 
and  successful  meetings  ever  held  by  the 
Archajological  Association.  Nor  will  the 
results  be  disappointing,  for  we  under- 
stand that  in  a  new  quarto  publication 
to  be  commenced  by  the  Society  in 
January  next,  in  addition  to  the  quar- 
terly Journal,  all  the  papers  of  value  read 
before  the  congress  will  be  printed  and 
illustrated,  a  circumstance  of  great  im- 
pdrtance,  and  one  not  often  accomplished. 


Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


3a 


394 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct, 


ECCLESIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 


Auff,  1,  At  a  cominittoe  meeting,  lield 
at  Arklow-house,  the  Hev.  S.  S.  Gbbat- 
HEED,  Treasurer,  in  the  chuir,  Mr.  Slater 
met  the  committee,  and  exhibited  his  de- 
signs for  the  restoration  and  re-arrange- 
ment of  Bridgnorth  Church,  Shropshire, 
and  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  chancel  of 
Kibworth  Church,  Leicestershire. 

Mr.  Burges  met  the  committee,  and  laid 
before  it  his  designs  for  a  small  brick 
church  to  be  built  at  Fleet,  in  Surrey.  He 
also  described  the  original  purpose  of  the 
MaLson  Dieu  at  Dover,  and  the  history  of 
the  building,  which,  after  many  alterations 
and  mutilations^  has  been  lately  repaired, 
and  to  some  extent  restored,  after  the 
designs  of  Mr.  Poynter  assisted  by  Mr. 
Bulges.  Referring  also  to  the  Liberate 
Rolls  of  Henry  III.,  Mr.  Burges  discussed 
several  questions  connected  with  medisBval 
domestic  architecture,  and  in  particular 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  although 
pine  timber  was  often  used  in  the  Middle 
Ages,  no  works  in  that  material  of  that 
date  remained,  whence  he  inferred  that 
our  present  use  of  pine  instead  of  oak  and 
chesuut  in  church  roofs  was  a  mistake,  in- 
asmuch as  it  was  not  likely  to  last  for 
many  years. 

The  committee  examined  Mr.  S.  S.  Teu- 
lon's  designs  for  the  church,  school,  and 
parsonage  which  he  is  about  to  build  at 
St.  Thomas,  Agar  Town,  St.  Pancras ;  an 
unsuccessful  competition  design  for  re- 
building Holy  Trinity  Chapel,  Knights- 
bridge;  the  designs  for  the  transforma- 
tion of  the  nondescript  tower  of  Sunbury 
Church,  Middlesex;  for  a  new  school  at 
£lm,  Cambridgeshire ;  and  for  two  drink- 
ing-fountains,  one  in  metal  work,  to  be 
placed  by  the  Board  of  Works  in  Battersea- 
park,  the  other  in  stone  and  marble,  in- 
tended to  be  placed  in  Bryanstone- square. 
The  committee  also  inspected  several  plans 
and  designs  by  Mr.  Norton  for  the  re- 
storation  of  Magor  Church,  near  Newport, 
Monmouthshire;  for  a  new  chapel  in 
Rheola  Park,  Glamorganshire;  designs 
for  a  new  memorial  altur-table  for  the 
church  of  St.  John's,  Paddington ;  for  a 
new  school  at  Disserth,  near  Builth,  Rad- 


norshire ;  for  a  new  school  at  St.  Luke's, 
Bedminster,  Bristol,  and  for  some  cottages 
at  Nutfield,  Surrey. 

The  coomiittee  having  considered  the 
following  extract  from  Mr.  Robson's  letter, 
agreed  that  it  was  impossible  to  lay  down 
a  general  rule  for  such  cases,  but  that  it 
was  a  right  principle  to  preserve  as  far  as 
possible  what  was  good  in  itself,  or  hia- 
torically  valuable,  or  not  plainly  incon- 
gruous with  the  rest  of  a  building.  Tlie 
particular  case  at  Durham  might  depend 
on  the  nature  of  the  inserted  tracery,  and 
on  the  extent  to  which  the  restoration  of 
the  other  windows  had  already  proceeded. 


« 


I  wish  to  consult  yon  upon  the  ques- 
tion of  restoring  First  or  Second  Pointed 
tracery  when  inserted  in  Norman  win- 
dows. In  Durham  Cathedral,  all  the 
windows  on  the  north  and  south  sides  of 
the  nave  have  had  the  tracery  which  for- 
merly filled  them  removed  before  I  had 
any  connection  with  the  building.  There 
are,  however,  yet  remaining  two  or  three 
windows  in  which  the  tracery  (placed 
there  by  the  architects  of  the  end  of  the 
thirteenth  and  beginning  of  the  fourteenth 
century)  has  escaped,  but  has  recently  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter,  who  propose  to  take  it  out  as  in- 
harmonious. 

"I  have  given  it  as  my  opinion  that 
preservation,  not  'restoration,'  should  be 
our  object,  and  that  there  is  at  present 
no  ground  for  destroying  the  tracery. 

"  But  I  should  very  much  like  to  know 
your  views  on  the  question  in  general,  for 
it  is  one  of  no  little  difficulty.  Did  the 
mediooval  architects  insert  it  to  g^ive  a 
lichness  to  the  otherwise  bare  Norman 
window?  or  did  they  do  so  for  con- 
structional or  glazing  purposes  ?  I  think 
the  former,  and  that  we,  so  far  from  strain- 
ing after  a  *  purity  of  style,*  which  thej 
despised  to  some  extent,  should  even  re- 
store First  and  Second  Pointed  tracery  in 
Norman  windows." 

The  committee  inspected  a  carious  piece 
of  alabaster  panel  sculpture,  which  had 
evidently  been  left  unfinished.  It  was 
discovered  face  downwards,  during  the 
restoration  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Thanet, 
by  Mr.  Clarke,  who  was  conducting  the 
works.  The  subject  is  the  Crucifixio.4, 
and  there  is  much  power  in  the  dedgn 


I860.]       Bucks  Architectural  and  Archoiological  Society, 


395 


and  draperies,  so  far  as  they  have  been 
carved. 

Mr.  Clarke  having  described  the  present 
state  of  the  proposed  fund  for  endowing  a 
Travelling  Studentship  in  memory  of  Au- 
gustus Pugin,  it  was  agreed,  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  Mr.  Beresford-Hope,  that  the 
small   balance  (of  £3  3s.  6d.)  remaining 


from  the  Carpenter  ^lemorial  Fund  might 
most  properly  be  devoted  to  the  Pagin 
Fund. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Hopkins,  of  Worcester,  wrote 
to  say  that  there  was  now  every  hope  of 
the  preservation  of  the  Gueston-hall,  but 
that  funds  were  urgently  needed  for  itf 
substantial  repair. 


BUCKS  AECHITECTUEAL  AOT)  ARCH^OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


July  17.  The  annual  meeting  was  held 
in  the  Assembly-rooms  of  the  Swan  Hotel, 
Newport  Pagnell,  on  this  and  the  two  fol- 
lowing days.  An  active  local  committee 
had  been  formed,  and  by  their  exertions 
a  temporary  museum  was  got  together, 
which  contained,  beside  presentations,  and 
the  Society's  usual  articles  of  exhibition, 
a  large  collection  of  brass  rubbings  and 
inscriptions,  fifty-two  in  number;  some 
good  drawings  of  frescoes  in  Lathbury  and 
Broughton  churches ;  several  books  of  an 
early  date,  amongst  them  five  missals  of 
the  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and  fifteenth 
ceuturles,  contributed  from  the  collection 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Welton,  to  whom  the  So- 
ciety is  indebted  for  the  loan  of  many 
valuable  antiquities;  a  manuscript  Bible, 
given  to  the  chancel  of  Buckingham  Church 
in  1171,  and  a  Latin  Bible  of  the  same 
version,  printed  at  Venice  in  1494 ;  a  very 
large  collection  of  ancient  coins  in  gold, 
silver,  and  copper,  in  a  good  state  of  pre- 
servation; many  fine  specimens  of  pot- 
tery; a  magnificent  cabinet  collection  of 
British  butterflies,  all  captured  in  Eng- 
land, exhibited  by  the  Rev.  H.  Bumey ; 
many  ancient  relics  dug  up  in  various 
parts  of  the  county ;  fossils,  stuffed  birds, 
&c.,  &c. ;  a  Roman  cameo,  Venetian  chain 
works,  Egyptian  font,  (representing  the 
baptism  of  John,  in  Limoges  enamel,  Mal- 
tese work,)  two  Roman  aes,  Roman  cameo, 
Egyptian  lamp,  Persian  inkhom,  speci- 
men of  Indian  inlaid  work,  (exhibited  by 
the  Rev.  W.  L.  Lawson);  tiles  from  the 
Old  House  at  Weston,  and  a  curious  old 
lock  made  at  Birmingham,  probably  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  (all 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Shepherd);  Bedouin 
household  gods  brought  from  Egypt  by  Sir 


Sir  R.  Bickerton,  (exhibited  by  Mrs.  Duns- 
ford). 

The  chair  was  taken  by  C.  G.  DiJ  Pub, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  Society,  who  congratulated  the  So- 
ciety on  the  state  of  its  funds  and  the  in- 
crease of  its  members.  He  was  glad  also 
that  the  Society  had  assumed  somewhat  of 
a  peripatetic  character.  If  they  should 
come  into  his  own  neighbourhood,  (Bea- 
consfield,)  they  would  find  the  tombs  of 
the  Wallers  and  the  Burkes,  and  there 
were  certain  circumstances  connected  with 
the  burial  of  the  last-named  great  states- 
man, which,  if  not  taken  up  by  a  Society 
like  the  present,  might  perhaps  soon  pass 
into  oblivion.  That  great  statesman  was 
80  imbued  with  a  dread  of  revolution  and 
revolutionists,  that  he  entertained  a  fear 
his  bones  should  be  taken  up  by  some  of 
them ;  he  refused  to  be  buried  in  a  leaden 
cofiin,  and  the  rector,  on  examining  the 
locality  lately,  found  the  ground  broken 
up,  and  the  bones  scattered  about  the 
grave.  Should  the  Society  visit  Beacons- 
field,  they  would  perhaps  agree  with  him 
that  the  church  which  had  been  built  in 
the  neighbourhood  at  an  expense  of  some- 
thing like  £10,000  is  a  most  serious  retro- 
grade step  in  ecclesiastical  architecture, 
viz.,  the  new  church  at  Gerrard*s  Cross, 
It  is  in  a  pseudo-Byzantine  style,  and  if 
half  the  cost  had  been  expended  on  a 
building  on  the  true  Gothic  prindples, 
which  had  recently  become  so  fully  recog- 
nised, a  result  still  more  in  keeping  with 
the  spirit  of  the  age  and  the  require- 
ments of  the  village  church  would  have 
been  produced. 

The  name  of  J.  C.  Hubbard,  Esq.,  waa, 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  Committee, 


896 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct. 


added  to  the  list  of  vice-presidents,  and 
the  officers  and  committee  were  re-elected 
pro  forma. 

The  Secretary  (Rev.  C.  Lowndes)  then 
read  a  list  of  sixty-one  new  members,  who 
were  unanimously  elected.  He  also  read 
the  report  of  the  auditors  for  the  previous 
year,  by  which  it  appeared  that  the  total 
receipts  amounted  to  £52  Is.  14d.,  and 
the  expenditure  to  £52  68.  Od. ;  and  the 
list  of  articles  recently  presented  to  the 
Society. 

The  Rev.  C.  Lowndes  then  read  a  letter 
from  Vice-Admiral  Smyth,  on  "  A  Double- 
faced  Brass  in  Stone  Church :  with  a  few 
General  Remarks  on  the  Desecration  and 
Robberies  of  Churches."  The  brass  in  ques- 
tion is  remarkable   as   bearing  an  effip:y 
and  inscription  on  both  sides — one  to  the 
memory  of  Christopher  Thorp,  who  died 
September  28th,  1614,   the  other  of  T. 
Gorncy,   who  died  May  8th,  1520.     The 
intervening  time  was  too  short  to  render 
it  probable  that  the  brass  could  have  been 
stolen ;  probably,  therefore,  in  the  earlier 
instance  it  must  have  been  engraved  and 
remained  in  the  shop  of  the  workman,  un- 
paid for,  through  the  failure  of  the  surviv- 
ing relatives  in  those  troublous  times,  and 
the  brass  was  made  available  for  a  subse- 
quent customer.     The  writer  then  spoke 
in  considerable  detail  on  the  robberies  of 
cliurches   which  had   prevailed   in   many 
places,  especially  in  the  parishes  of  Essex. 
In  some  places  heads  had  been  taken  off 
the   monuments,  and  the   parish  church 
had  been  robbed  of  its  muniments,  as  in 
the  mural  tablet  of  Admiral  Haddock,  a 
brass  which  had  been  used  as  a  mortar- 
board, and  was  broken  to  pieces.     In  an- 
oihcr  place  the  brass  mural  tablet  of  the 
late   rector   had    been    melted  down   by 
the  churchwardens,  and  converted  into  a 
church  chandelier,  at  that  time  much  re- 
quired.    He  thought   that  a  greater  re- 
sponsibility   ought    to    be    placed    upon 
parish  officers  to  prevent  such   shameful 
desecration,  and  to  compel  them  to  hand 
down   to  their    successors  all    sculpture, 
tablets,  record",  &c.,  as  a  charge  to  bo  sur- 
veyed on  taking  stock  of  tlie  church  just 
the  game  as  any  other  parochial  property 
connected   with   the  church.     The   dese- 


cration of  Quarrendon  Chapel  in  Bucks. 
shewed   that  they  were  no  less  lax  than 
any    other  county.      But  not  only  was 
there  desecration  and  neglect  to  be  com- 
plained of,  but  positive  robberies  had  been 
committed  upon  parish  churches,  the  pro- 
ceeds of  which,  such  as  old  arms,  armour^ 
spear-heads,  &c.,  had  been  found  in  the 
workshops  of  the    blacksmith.      In   the 
parish  church  of  Stone  a  number  of  brasses 
were  piled  up  against  the   wall  in   the 
vestry    during    the    restoration    of   the 
church,   but  the  clerk  never  saw   them 
after  the  sacred  edifice  had  been  roofed. 
A  clergyman  in  one  place  took  a  number 
of  gravestones  and  had  his  kitchen  flagged 
with  them.     In  another  place  these  stones 
had  been  sold  by  the  clergy  at  2s.  a-piece. 
Indeed,  he  had  seen  an  old  tombstone  in 
the  yard  of  a  mason  at  Aylesbury  which 
had    been    taken   from    a    neighbouring 
churchyard,  and  which  bore  an  inscription 
to  the  effect  that  one  Jacob  Dell  died  in 
1617*    It  was  of  the  utmost  importance 
that  these  monumental  records  should  not 
be  destroyed,  as  in  various  cases,  and  par- 
ticularly in  the  great   Shrewsbury  case, 
they  had  proved  themselves  to  be  the  best 
evidence  of  the  descent   and  identity  of 
several  parties  deeply  interested   in   tl.e 
issue    of    the  trial,   notwithstanding    at- 
tempts were  made   to  alter,  deface,  and 
then   paint  over  the  material  portion  of 
the  inscription  to  which  he  alluded,  and 
which  was  contained  on  a  mural  tablet  in 
Bromsgrove  churchyard. 

The  Rev.  C.  G.  Hulton  then  read  a  paper 
on  Lavendon,  from  the  first  institut  ion  of 
the  abbey,  which  was  of  the  Premonstra- 
tensian  Order,  in  the  time  of  Henry  IL, 
down  to  the  present  time;  also  a  paper 
on  Tick  ford,  which  was  a  monastery  of 
the  Cluniac  Order,  founded  in  the  time  of 
William  the  Conqueror. 

On  Wednesday,  at  noon,  the  Museum 
was  re-opened,  and  the  room  not  being 
over-crowded,  as  on  the  previous  day, 
ample  opportunity  was  afforded  for  in- 
specting the  articles  exhibited. 

In  the  evening,  before  the  time  an- 
nounced for  the  reading  of  the  papers,  a 
large  audience  was  present  in  the  Museum, 
and  after  the  chair  liad  been  taken  by  the 


I860.]     Kilkenny  and  South-East  of  Ireland  ArchceoL  Soc.         397 


Vicar  of  Newport,  the  Rev.  G.  Moiley, 
Mr.  Grindon  read  a  paper  written  by  Mr. 
Storer,  on  Olney.  The  Rev.  C.  Q.  Hulton, 
Rector  of  Emberton,  then  read  an  interest- 
ing paper,  wTitten  by  the  Rev.  W.  H. 
Kelke,  on  Filgrave  Church,  Votes  of 
thanks  wore  awarded  to  the  writers  of 
each  paper. 


On  Thursday  the  Museum  was  again 
opened  in  the  morning,  and  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Society's  visit  to  Newport  were 
concluded  by  the  reading  of  a  paper  on 
the  Newport  Garrison  in  the  civil  wars, 
by  the  Rev.  H.  Roundell,  the  same 
evening. 


KILKEI^NY  AJSTD  SOUTH-EAST  OF  IRELAKD  ARCH^- 

OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


Juli/  4.  At  the  July  meeting,  the 
Very  Rev.  the  Dban  op  Ossoby,  President 
of  the  Society,  in  the  chair,  the  following 
new  members  were  elected : — 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Carew,  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  County  of  Wexford,  &c., 
Castleborougb,  Enniscorthy;  Sir  James 
Power,  Bart,  D.L.,  J. P.,  Edermine,  En- 
niscorthy; the  Rev.  Nicholas  Devereux, 
D.I).,  Ballyrankyn-house,  Ferns;  John 
Richards,  Esq.,  J. P.,  Mackmine  Castle, 
Enniscorthy;  W.  K.  Farmer,  Esq.,  J. P., 
Bloonifield,  Enniscorthy;  John  Cullen, 
Esq.,  Enniscorthy ;  Hercules  Ellis,  Esq., 
Barrister-at-Law,  15,  Gr.mby-row,  Dub- 
lin; John  C.  Deane,  Esq.,  Sydn<'y-place, 
Onslow-square,  Brompton,  London ;  Rich- 
ard Creed,  Esq.,  Cloyne-house,  Cloyne, 
CO.  Cork;  and  Patrick  Tobin,  Esq.,  17, 
Merchant* 8- quaj',  Dublin. 

Many  publications  of  kindred  Societies, 
prc>ented  to  the  library,  were  laid  on  the 
tabic. 

The  Secretary  announced  that  steps  had 
been  taken  by  the  committee  for  the  re- 
moval of  a  wall  that  had  blocked  up  the 
nave  of  Jerpoint  Abbey.  This  wall  had 
formed  part  of  an  alteration  in  the  struc- 
ture, made  with  the  object  of  converting 
the  abbey  into  a  private  dwelling  house, 
afler  its  suppression  as  a  monastic  institu- 
tion. Although  it  thus  illustrated  the 
comparatively  modern  history  of  the 
abbey,  and  as  such  had  been  spared  when 
the  Society  were  repairing  the  ancient 
building  some  years  since,  still,  as  it  ob- 
structed the  view  of  the  architectural 
beauties  of  the  nave  so  much,  it  was 
deemed  proper  now  to  take  it  down.  Mr. 
Blake,  of  Ballinamona,  a  member  of  the 
committee,  had  kindly  undertaken  to 
superintend  the  carrying  out  of  the  work. 


The  Rev.  James  Graves  made  a  com- 
munication regarding  the  lately  much 
dilapidated  tomb  of  the  Fitzpatrick 
family  in  the  old  Abbey  of  Fertagh.  This 
tomb,  erected  to  John  Fitzpatrick,  and  his 
son  Bernard,  first  Baron  of  Upper  Ossory, 
temp.  Henry  VIII.,  bore  the  eflBgies  of  a 
knight  in  armour,  and  of  a  lady  wearing 
the  horned  headdress  and  long  kirtle  usual 
on  Irish  monuments  of  that  period.  It 
had  been  much  dilapidated  within  a  re- 
cent period,  and  from  the  uninclosed  state 
of  the  ruins  was  subject  to  daily  injury. 
However,  during  the  past  spring,  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  rector  of  the  parish, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Uniacke  Townsend, 
fiinds  were  supplied  by  the  munificence  of 
John  Wilson  Fitzpatrick,  Esq.,  and  not 
only  was  the  monument  restored  as  far 
as  possible,  but  the  ruins  were  also  en- 
closed, and  an  iron  gate  erected,  to  ex- 
clude mischievous  intruders. 

Dr.  R.  R.  Madden,  to  whom,  by  permis- 
sion of  the  Rev.  James  Meas'^,  the  curious 
document  relating  to  Theobald  Wolfe 
Tone,  presented  by  the  latter  gentleman 
at  the  May  meeting  of  the  Society,  had 
been  submitted  for  his  opinion  as  to  its 
authenticity,  contributed  a  paper  giving 
elaborate  reasons  for  supposing  it  to  be  a 
forgery.  Dr.  Madden,  although  vouching 
for  the  authenticity  of  the  copper-plate 
form  of  the  certificate,  adduced  cogent 
reasons  for  supposing  that  the  signatures 
of  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  and  Napper 
Tandy  were  forgeries ;  sending  fac-similes 
of  their  genuine  signatures,  which  strongly 
supported  his  arguments,  the  most  forcible 
of  which  was  that  the  three  parties  con- 
cerned in  the  document  seemed  never  to 
have  met. 

Major  Elliott,  Ratlicnrby,  presented  to 


398 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct. 


the  Society  copies  of  two  curious  original 
documents.  One  was  a  petition  presented 
by  the  Roman  Catholic  inhabitants  of 
Watcrford  to  the  corporation  of  that 
city,  about  150  years  ago,  with  a  view  of 
removing  a  prejudicxj  excited  by  the  re- 
erection  of  one  of  the  six  Roman  Catholic 
chapels  there  which  had  been  suppressed 
after  the  defeat  of  the  Jacobite  party  in 
IGOO.    The  other  document  was  an  Irish 


elegy  on  Robert  Elliott,  t'  e  great  grand* 
uncle  of  the  presenter,  and  which  he  sent 
as  he  considered  it  desirable  to  preserve 
the  compositions  of  the  later  Irish  poets 
of  Iverk.  The  music,  which  was  on  the 
original  manuscript,  was  also  copied  for 
the  Society  by  Major  Elliott.  It  was  a 
simple,  plaintive  air. 

An  adjournment  to  the  first  Wednesday 
in  September  then  took  place. 


LEICESTEllSHIRE  ARCHITECTURAL  AND  ARCH^OLOGICAL 

SOCIETY. 


June  25.  At  the  Town-hall,  the  Rev. 
G.  E.  GiLLETT  in  the  chair. 

Among  various  interesting  matters  exhi- 
bited were  water-colour  drawings  of  the 
interior  of  the  Round  Church,  Cambridge, 
by  the  late  Mr.  Pugin,  previously  to  its 
restoration  by  the  Cambridge  Camden 
Society,  and  another  of  the  colonnade 
under  the  library  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  by  Westall ;  a  copy  of  a  por- 
trait of  Archbishop  Laud  inserted  in  the 
register  of  South  Kilworth,  Leicestershire, 
given  him  by  the  Rev.  A.  Pownall,  rector 
of  that  parish.  Over  it  is  written  in  an 
old  hand, "  Willmus  Laud,  1638.  Vandyke 
del."  Mr.  Pownall  has,  however,  discovered 
that  it  was  drawn  about  sixty  years  ago  by 
Dr.  Griffith,  sometime  Master  of  Univer- 
sity College,  Oxford,  and  cousin  to  the 
Rev.  Charles  Chambers,  then  rector  of 
South  Kilworth.  Dr.  Griffith  was  some- 
what noted  as  a  draughtsman ;  and  over 
the  altar  in  the  chapel  of  his  college  is  a 
singularly  curious  copy  by  him  of  the  Sal- 
vator  Mundi  by  Carlo  Dolci,  biwnt  in  wood. 
The  drawing  does  not  much  resemble  the 
ordinary  prints  of  the  Archbishop,  the  face 
being  here  more  elongated  j  and  he  wears 
merely  a  skull-cap,  whereas  the  Archbishop 


is  usually  represented  with  a  square  one. 
His  name  written  over  it  appears  to  be  a 
magnified  copy  of  Laud's  autograph  sig- 
nature. 

The  Secretary  exhibited  several  coins, 
&c.,  and  read  as  follows  respecting  them 
from  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  J.  Sankey,  of 
Stoney  Stanton : — 

"Inclosed  is  a  coin  of  Sabina,  wife  of 
Hadrian,  (found  near  Soar  Mill,)  which  I 
suppose  is  not  very  common :  at  least  out 
of  l,14i  Roman  coins  found  at  Richborongh 
some  years  ago,  there  was  only  one  of  Ha- 
driana  Augusta,  (Wright's  '  The  Celt,  the 
Roman,  and  the  Saxon,*  p.  371).  I  inclose 
also  a  medal  of  the  celebrated  John  Lil- 
burne,  struck  after  his  trial,  on  which  he 
gives  the  name  of  the  jury,  who,  he  snys, 
*are  judges  of  law  as  of  fact.'  Also*  a 
medal  on  the  failure  of  Admiral  Vernon's 
expedition  against  Cartbai^ena,  sarcasti- 
cally terming  Vernon  'Brave  Admiral,' 
&c.  I  send  also  a  small  coin,  of  which  I 
have  forgotten  what  a  friend  told  me  some 
years  ago."  [This,  the  Secretary  stated, 
was  a  penny  of  King  Eadgar,  sole  monarch 
of  England  from  959  to  975,  whose  coinage 
was  very  extensive.  The  legend  is  badoab 
BEX:  reverse,  ieboeb  ho  (netarins),  the 
letters  n  being  here  turned  upside  down. 
The  name  of  this  moneyer  does  not  occur 
in  Ruding*s  list,  '*  Annals  of  the  Coinage," 
&c.,  vol.  i.  p.  132.] 


LIYEErOOL  ARCHITECTURAL  AND  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY, 


July  9.  The  annual  excursion  was  this 
year  to  Furness  Abbey.  The  abbey  is 
well  known  for  the  scope  it  presents  to 
the  labours  of  the  archaiologist,  whilst  at 
the  same  time  it  is  replete  with  a  variety 
of  points  of  high  interest  to  the  architect. 


In  A.D.  1127,  Stephen,  then  Earl  of  More- 
taign  and  Boulogne,  and  afterwards  King 
of  England,  erected  the  abbey  on  the  banks 
of  a  rivulet  near  Dalton,  in  Furness,  as  a 
place  of  refuge  for  Cistercian  monks  who 
had  removed  here  from  Tulketb,  in  Amoun- 


I860.]        Society  of  Antiquaries ,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 


399 


derness,  but  originally  from  Savigny,  in 
France.  The  ruins  of  the  abbey  are  of 
Norman  and  Early  English  architecture; 
the  whole  length  of  the  church  is  said  to 
be  287  ft.,  the  nave  70  ft.  broad,  whilst 
the  walls  are  in  some  places  54  ft.  high 
and  5  ft.  thick,  the  windows  and  arches 
being  unusually  lofty.  There  are  also  the 
remains  of  the  chapter-house  and  cloisters, 
and  of  the  school-house,  a  large  building 
detached  from  all  the  rest.  The  immediate 
precincts  of  the  abbey,  which  comprehend 
a  large  space,  are  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall, 
covered  by  the  ruins  of  numerous  small 


buildings,  and  in  one  part  is  an  arched 
gateway.  The  stone  employed  in  the  build- 
ing was  originally  of  a  pale  red  colour,  but 
from  the  action  of  time  and  weather  it 
has  now  assumed  a  dusky-brown  tint.  In 
the  visit  to  the  abbey  the  party  received 
valuable  aid  from  Mr.  Paley,  architect,  of 
Lancaster,  and  a  member  of  the  Liverpool 
Society. 

After  dinner  at  the  Fumess  Abbey 
Hotel,  many  beautiful  photographs,  shew- 
ing various  portions  of  the  ancient  abbey, 
were  exhibited.  They  were  taken  by  Mr. 
Keith,  photographer,  of  LiverpooL 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES,  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 


Aug  1.  The  monthly  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Castle ;  John  Clayton,  Esq.,  V.-P., 
took  the  chair.  As  usually  is  the  case  in 
the  summer  months,  the  attendance  was 
not  large. 

Some  donations  of  books  were  announced, 
particularly  one,  a  bequest  of  the  late  Mr. 
George  Garbutt  of  Sunderland, — his  His- 
tory of  Sunderland,  1819,  with  additional 
plates,  and  a  photographic  portrait  of  him- 
self, over  his  autograph,  dated  June  21, 
1859. 

Arrangements  were  made  to  inspect,  on 
the  15th  of  August,  Hexham  Priory,  the 
Roman  remains  near  Warden,  the  camp 
on  Warden -hill,  the  Roman  road  called 
Stonogate,  the  recently  excavated  Roman 
bridge  over  the  North  Tyne,  the  station 
of  Cilumum  (Chesters),  and  the  antiqui- 
ties preserved  at  the  Chairman's  residence 
there. 

A  conversation  took  place  as  to  numer- 
ous arrears  of  subscriptions;  and  after 
transacting  some  further  business,  the 
meeting  adjourned  until  the  first  Wed- 
nesday in  September. 

Aug.  15.  Tlie  Society  held  its  country 
meetingr,  visiting  Hexham  and  its  neigh- 
bourhood, and  they  were  fortunately  fa- 
voured by  the  weather. 

Among  the  gentlemen  present  d'lring 
the  day  were  the  Rev.  Dr.  Besley,  the 
Rev.  Walker  Featherstonhaugh,  the  Rev. 
E.  U.  Adamson,  the  Rev.  James  Everett, 
the   Rev.  Dr.  Bruce,  Dr.  Charlton,   Dr. 


Gregson,  and  Messrs.  Robert  Ingham, 
M.P.,  W.  H.  D.  LongstafTo,  Armstrong, 
Fairless,  Read,  &c. 

At  Hexham,  Mr.  Fairless,  the  genius 
loci,  and  Mr.  Longstaffe,  who,  as  editor  of 
the  Society's  Transactions,  had  proceeded 
by  an  eai'lier  train,  met  the  party  to  con- 
duct them  over  the  old  abbey  church.  On 
their  way  thither,  the  two  towers  of  the 
franchise  of  Hexham  were  noticed,  with 
their  Roman  stones.  Mr.  Dobson's  ne^ 
east  end  of  the  church,  rather  more  ad- 
vanced in  style  than  its  venerable  neigh- 
bour, was  glanced  at,  and  the  party  en- 
tered by  the  quaint,  incongruous  door, 
erected  by  the  Mercers'  Company,  in  the 
north  transept. 

About  674,  Bishop  Wilfrid  built  the 
church  of  St.  Andrew,  and  it  was  added 
to  and  adorned  by  Bishop  Acca,  who  suc- 
ceeded him  in  709.  In  length,  breadth, 
beauty,  this  Saxon  church  was  esteemed 
the  most  glorious  temple  on  this  side  of 
the  Alps.  In  plan  it  was  probably  cruci- 
form, like  the  present  building.  It  was 
surrounded  by  porches  and  aisles.  Relics 
were  placed  on  altars,  divided  by  arches 
in  the  walls  of  the  church,  and  in  the 
porches.  In  an  inner  porch  of  the  south 
porch  (or  transept)  was  the  altar  of  St. 
MichaeL  There  were  gates  to  the  choir. 
The  arch  (apse)  of  the  sanctuary  con- 
tained the  high  altar,  which  is  also  de- 
scribed as  within  the  canceUi  of  the 
church.  To  the  right  of  the  altar  were 
brought  the  relics  of  Bishop  Acca,  to  the 


400 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Inteltigencer. 


[Oct. 


left  those  of  Bishop  Alkmund.  Near  the 
altar  was  also  the  fridstool,  or  chair  of 
peace  of  the  fugitives  to  the  sanctuary. 
Ill  a  chapel  or  porch  of  stone  on  the  south 
of  the  sanctuary  were  the  relics  of  Bishop 
Katu.  Behind  the  great  altar  was  an 
eastern  member  of  the  church,  called  St. 
Peter's  porch;  and  in  the  churchyard 
eastward  of  the  church  were  buried 
Bishops  Acca  and  Alkmund  before  their 
translation.  At  the  head  and  foot  of 
Acca's  grave  were  crosses,  described  as  of 
exquisite  carving  On  that  at  the  head 
was  an  inscription  stating  his  burial. 
These  saints  were  afterwards  transported 
near  the  altar,  as  above  mentioned ;  and 
in  or  about  the  twelfth  century  were  ar- 
ranged differently,  for  behind  the  altar  a 
chest  contained  the  relics  of  Bishops  Frid- 
bert  and  Tilbert,  on  the  north  of  them 
was  a  tomb  containing  those  of  Acca  and 
Alkmund,  and  on  the  south  were  those  of 
Eata.  Of  the  place  of  two  other  burials 
in  the  church,  those  of  King  Elfwald  (mur- 
dered in  788)  and  Bishop  Ethelbert,  we 
know  nothing. 

The  Saxon  church  had  crypts  and  walls 
of  three  stories,  supported  by  columns 
with  coloured  capitals.  Sculptures  and 
paintings  also  adorned  the  arch  of  the 
simctuary  and  the  walls.  There  were 
spires  and  towers ;  and  galleries  of  compli- 
cated plttns  and  secret  oratories  occupied 
every  part,  so  that  crowds  co  ild  stand 
around  unseen  by  those  in  the  body  of  the 
church. 

The  early  bishops  ceased.  The  Danes 
overran  everything.  A  race  of  hereditary 
priests  succeeded,  for  the  clergy  were 
married  in  those  days  (even  Wilfrid  had  a 
son),  and  great  was  the  outcry  when  a 
conpulsory  celibacy  was  commanded.  An 
end  came  to  the  family  of  parish  priests, 
and  in  1113  Hexham  became  the  residence 
of  a  prior  and  monks.  Only  part  of  Wil- 
frid's minster  existed  some  years  after- 
wards, an  I  extensive  reparations  and  re- 
buildings  must  have  taken  place,  at  what 
time  we  know  not.  The  existing  tran- 
septs, tower,  and  choir  bear  evidence  of 
erection  about  1200  or  1210,  the  north 
transept  or  its  aisle  being  perhaps  a  little 
later  than  the  rest.  In  1296  the  church 
8 


and  a  schoolhouse  were  burnt.  It  is  sap- 
posed  that  after  this  event  the  nave  was 
never  again  put  in  order.  The  "  Old 
School"  (recently  called  the  Lady-chapel, 
not  upon  any  evidence)  was  a  Decorated 
building  (a  sort  of  eastern  transept)  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  and  the  east  end  of 
the  choir  against  which  it  abutted  was  of 
a  similar  date. 

Latterly,  the  church  was  cruciform.  It 
has  a  central  tower.  There  is  the  site  of 
a  nave  and  ^sles  used  as  a  churchyard, 
and  covering  a  crypt  of  several  partsi,  and 
greatly  resembling  the  crypt  of  Ripon, 
also  of  Wilfrid's  foundation.  The  two 
transepts  have  an  eastern  aisle.  That  of 
the  north  transept  is  divided  into  three 
chapels.  A  passage  at  the  east  end  of  the 
south  transept  has  an  eastern  door,  and 
supports  a  gallery  reached  from  the  inte- 
rior by  a  massive  flight  of  stone  steps,  out 
of  which  gallery  are  doors  leading  into  a 
small  chamber  above  the  doorway,  and  into 
a  room  above  the  chapter-house,  which  ad- 
joined this  transept  on  the  south.  The 
little  roam  above  the  doorway,  with  its 
scanty  lights,  can  hardly  be  other  than 
a  chamber  for  those  who  admitted  fugi- 
tives, like  similar  chambers  above  the  nave 
doors  of  Durham  and  Beverley  sanctuary- 
churches.  The  choir  has  two  aisles.  l*o 
that  at  the  south  was  a  small  porch  or 
chapel  (still  remembered)  approached  from 
the  church  by  an  extant  doorway,  near  to 
which  on  the  west  is  a  small  piscina. 
Near  to  the  altar  stood  the  fridstool,  and 
in  the  grades  of  punishment  no  fine  could 
assoil  the  offender  who  violated  the  sanc- 
tuary by  seizing  a  fugitive  seated  in  that 
chair  or  at  the  relics  behind  the  altar. 
Between  two  pillars  on  the  north  was  a 
most  perfect  little  chantry  chapel  of  a 
prior  Richard,  whose  monogram,  composed 
of  R  L,  are  scattered  over  the  buildings. 
Between  two  other  pillars  on  the  south 
was  the  monumental  slab  of  Robert  Ogle» 
who  died  in  1410,  covered  by  a  wooden 
canopy  or  shrine,  the  roof  of  which  was 
covered  with  crescents,  not  red  on  white, 
as  one  might  expect  from  the  family  of 
Ogle  having  red  crescents  as  arms  and 
badge,  bat  white  on  red.  At  the  west  of 
the  choir  was  and  is  an  elaborate  rood- 


I860.]         Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle-vpori'Tyne, 


401 


screen  in  its  proper  place,  with  paintings 
of  patrons  and  saints,  and  of  the  Dance  of 
Death,  erected  by  a  prior  Thomas  S. ;  his 
surname  is  unknown.  Against  the  interior 
of  the  screen  were  the  usual  miserere  seats 
turning  eastward  between  the  columns. 
To  the  east  of  the  choir,  as  already  no- 
ticed, was  the  Old  School,  with  an  altar 
against  its  cast  wall,  on  the  front  of  which 
was  the  monogram  of  Prior  Richard. 

Very  considerable  alterations  have  re- 
cently been  made.  The  Old  School  has 
been  pulled  down,  and  the  Decorated  east 
end  of  the  church,  which  had  already  seen 
changes,  has  given  way  to  an  Early  Eng- 
lish one.  The  stone  marked  with  Prior 
Richard's  monogram  which  occupied  the 
centre  of  the  Old  School  now  serves  the 
masons  to  work  on.  It  will,  we  presume, 
be  preserved ;  and  the  fridstool,  which  is 
removed,  will  doubtless  find  its  way  back 
to  its  interesting  place  of  sanctity.  Prior 
Richard's  shrine  is  removed  to  the  south 
transept  aisle.  The  Ogle  shrine  and  its 
interesting  paintings  have  disappeared, 
and  its  slab  been  placed  in  the  aisle.  The 
miserere  seats  are  removed  to  the  east 
end  of  the  church,  and  placed  along  the 
side  walls.  Several  minor  details  have 
been  freshly  cut,  and  some  added. 

Mr.  Fairless,  whose  presence  at  Hexham 
is  truly  valuable,  has  fortunately  been 
able  to  preserve  some  portions  of  the 
Ogle  slirine;  of  screen -work  marked 
with  an  eagle  alternately  with  a  horn 
between  three  Ws  on  a  shield;  of  Saxon 
stringwork,  composed  of  balusters  with 
diagonal  and  horizontal  cables  and  lines 
between,  and,  most  important  of  all,  a 
large  portion  of  a  rich  Saxon  cross,  deli- 
cately knotted  with  grapes.  This  last 
feature  turned  up  under  the  Old  School, 
and  can  scarcely  be  other  than  one  of  the 
crosses  of  Acca's  grave. 

The  chapter-house  of  Hexham  presents 
some  interesting  features.  Amongst  them 
are  bases  of  arcade  shafts  underneath 
windows,  without  apparent  junction  of 
any  springers  from  them  in  connection 
with  the  outer  members  of  the  window 
mouldings.  Westward  of  the  chapter- 
house and  south  of  the  nave  is  the  side  of 
the  cloister.  At  the  west  end  of  it  is  a 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


very  rich  arcade  of  early  Decorated  pedi- 
ments, the  central  compartment  being  the 
largest  and  highest. 

Most  of  these  features  were  pointed  out 
to  the  visitors,  and  in  addition  may  be 
mentioned  three  effigies,  one  of  an  Ayden, 
another  of  a  lady  with  a  wimple,  and  a 
third  of  an  Umfreville,  corresponding  in 
date  with  the  lawless  baron  who  died  in 
1307.  Besides  these  were  seen  lying  in 
the  north  transept  part  of  a  Saxon  coped 
and  tiled  tomb,  and  the  head  of  a  knotted 
cross,  the  latter  discovered  under  the  Old 
School. 

Outside,  several  early  slabs  were  ex- 
amined, with  an  arcaded  Saxon  stone  like 
the  top  of  a  rude  canopy.  Wilfrid's  crypt, 
fnll  of  ornamental  Roman  stones,  was  de- 
scended, and  thereupon  Dr.  Bruce  read  a 
paper,  claiming  Roman  origin  for  Hexham, 
founded  on,  1.  The  early  greatness  of 
Hexham,  and  the  custom  of  the  Saxons 
to  settle  on  Roman  sites  and  to  work  up 
Roman  materials;  2.  The  truly  Roman 
character  of  the  site  chosen;  3.  The  for- 
mation of  the  crypt  out  of  Roman  mate- 
rials, and  the  occurrence  of  other  Romau 
fragments  at  and  near  the  town,  it  being 
very  improbable  that,  with  good  quarries 
in  the  immediate  vicinity,  these  stones 
would  be  laboriously  brought  a  distance 
of  four  miles  from  Corbridge ;  4.  The  dis- 
covery of  a  connected  chain  of  Roman 
earthenware  water-pipes  in  situ  near  the 
Manor  Office;  5.  The  probable  antiquity 
of  the  roads  branching  from  Hexham. 

After  also  inspecting  Errington's  grave, 
where  the  great  Hexham  find  of  styca^ 
occurred,  and  passing  the  abbey  gateway 
and  Sir  Reynold  Caruaby's  insignia  dated 
1539,  the  party  crossed  the  beautiful "  Seal" 
to  the  house  of  Mr.  Fairless,  who  played  a 
tune  on  the  real  old  unimpaired  Northum- 
brian pipes  while  his  store  of  relics  was 
examined.  In  addition  to  items  before 
enumerated,  and  many  others,  there  was  a 
fine  but  stiffly  carved  Saxon  cross  from 
the  remains  of  St.  Mary's,  another  of  Wil- 
frid's chnrcbes,  and  formerly  a  parochial 
structure.  The  district  is  rich  in  such 
objects.  Dilston  and  Spital  also  yield 
specimens;  and  Prior  Richard,  in  pre- 
paring  his    shrine,  has   evidently    bcea 

8b 


402 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Oct. 


imitating    Saxon    knotwork    and    rude 
figures. 

At  Warden,  the  vicar  (the  Rev.  Mr, 
Shield)  shewed  a  most  remarkable  early 
monument  in  his  churchyard,  a  kind  of 
Saxon  headstone,  copied  as  to  form  from 
the  front  of  a  Roman  altar,  bearing  an 
upright  figure  derived  from  a  Roman 
funereal  stone,  and  furnished  with  a  little 
loose  knotting,  just  enough  to  filch  it  from 
all-devouring  Rome.  Dr.  Bruce  had  re- 
cently observed,  in  the  walls  of  Wroxeter 
Church,  Saxon  copies  of  the  23rd  legion's 
boar,  and  of  the  Dece  Matres. 

Some  delay  now  took  place  with  one 
section  of  the  party  in  consequence  of 
Mr.  Fairless's  sudden  indisposition,  which 
obliged  him  most  reluctantly  to  abandon 
further  progress.  Both  parties,  en  routes 
climbed  the  grand  old  camp  of  Warden- 
hill,  rudely  ramparted  with  loose  stones, 
and  covered  with  circular  evidences  of 
semi-civilized  dwellings.  At  Walwick 
Grange,  Mrs.  Colbeck  invited  the  anti- 
quaries to  view  an  imposing  old  chest, 
richly  dight  with  "Abraham's  Sacrifice" 
and  quaint  renaissance  work.  There  did 
not  seem  to  be  any  good  grounds  for  the 
tradition  that  it  was  the  parish  chest  of 
Hexham. 

After  a  charming  walk  by  the  banks  of 
North  Tyne,  the  boating  hands  of  some  of 
the  savans  were  employed  in  ferrying  their 
comrades  across  to  the  great  attraction  of 
the  day,  the  lately  excavated  abutment  of 
the  Roman  bridge  at  Cilurnum.  The  work 
was  found  on  examination  to  exceed  all 
reasonable  expectation.     It  is  vast  and 


wonderful.  Mr.  Cail,  to  whom  the  Sodety 
has  before  been  indebted  for  bringing 
practical  experience  to  bear  on  questions 
of  masonry,  instantly  detected  a  water 
pier  imbedded  in  what  was  afterwards  an 
abutment,  and  decided  distinctions  of 
masonry.  The  ground,  then,  was  proba- 
bly undergoing  rapid  change  in  the  time 
of  the  Romans.  The  pier  was  very  near 
the  termination  of  the  Roman  Wall,  and 
both  bridges  were  probably  only  of  plank 
on  piers.  Dr.  Bruce  was  of  opinion  that 
the  bridge  was  altered  by  Severns,  and 
that  to  him  are  to  be  ascribed  the  decora- 
tive building-stones  found  in  Hexham 
crypt,  and  in  several  other  places  in  the 
Wall  district.  It  should  be  mentioned 
that  a  chamber  occurs  in  the  original  work, 
just  such  as  builders  use  for  lightness  and 
economy.  In  this  case,  a  covered  passage 
was  seen  striking  diagonally  across  the 
empty  space.  The  abutment  on  the  other 
side  was  also  inspected.  It  is  principally 
under  water. 

Following  the  wall  up  the  hill,  the  sta- 
tion of  Cilurnum  was  reached,  now  a  rich 
levelled  pasture,  but  formerly  shewing 
strong  indications  of  narrow  streets  and 
buildings.  Some  of  these  have  been  ex- 
cavated, but  a  great  field  exists  all  arour.d 
for  systematic  and  extensive  additions  to 
the  interest  attached  to  the  spot. 

The  exploration  was  brought  to  an  end 
by  a  visit  to  Mr.  Clayton's  mansion  at 
Chesters,  where  many  relics  of  antiquity 
are  collected ;  and  after  refireshments  there, 
the  party  returned  to  Newcastle. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  SCOTLAKD. 


July  2.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the 
session.  Professor  J.  Y.  Simpson,  one  of 
the  Vice-Presidents,  in  the  chair,  on  a 
ballot,  the  Rev.  Cosmo  Reid  Gordon  was 
admitted  a  Fellow. 

From  a  statement  read  by  the  Secretary, 
it  appeared  that,  since  the  removal  of  the 
Museum  to  the  Royal  Institution  last 
year,  there  had  been  presented  by  82 
donors  387  separate  articles,  consisting  of 
miscellaneous  articles  of  antiquity,  books, 
and  coins;  that  23  new  members  had 


been  admitted  to  the  Society  during  the 
session  now  closed;  and  that  since  the 
1st  of  January  last  there  had  been  36,412 
visitors  to  the  Museum. 

The  following  communications  were 
read: — 

I. — 1.  Notice  of  a  Cist  opened  on  the 
Land  of  Roseisle,  Morayshire,  in  May  last ; 

2.  Notice  of  Photo-Zincography  as  appli- 
cable to  Representation  of  Manuscripts, 
Seals,  and  other  Objects  of  Antiquity; 

3.  Of  some  Early  Notices  of  Wheel  Car- 


I860.] 


Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland. 


403 


riages  used  in  the  Streets  of  Edinburgh. 
By  Cosmo  Innes,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  Scot. 

In  the  first  of  these  papers,  Mr.  Innes 
gave  an  account  of  the  cist  at  Boseisle, 
which  had  been  opened  in  his  presence. 
It  contained  an  urn  and  bones,  and  was 
not  marked  by  any  unusual  features;  but 
it  is  so  important  to  add  to  our  store  of 
authentic  facts  regarding  early  modes  of 
burial,  that  every  minute  account  of  an 
opened  cist  is  desirable  for  the  purposes  of 
the  Society. 

In  the  second  paper,  Mr.  Innes  noticed 
the  process  followed  by  Colonel  James  in 
the  reduction  of  the  Ordnance  maps,  and 
read  a  letter  from  that  gentleman  as  to  its 
applicability  in  the  representation  of  seals 
aiul  MSS. 

In  the  third  paper,  Mr.  Innes  gave  some 
curious  notices  of  the  sleds  and  wheel  car- 
riages used  in  Edinburgh  in  the  early  part 
and  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

II.  On  tbe  Thule  of  the  Ancients.  By 
W.  H.  Fotheringham,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  Scot. 

Mr.  Stuart  stated  that  the  writer  of 
this  learned  paper  had  given  a  resume  of 
the  statements  on  the  subject  of  the  Thule 
of  the  ancients  as  they  appeared  in  clas- 
sical, media3val,  and  modern  authorities, 
and  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  Shet- 
land was  the  land  referred  to.  He  read 
a  curious  passage  given  by  Mr.  Fother- 
ingham from  the  works  of  Dicuil,  an  Irish 
monk  of  the  ninth  century,  and  added  that 
the  subject  would  be  better  understood 
when  the  paper  appeared  as  a  whole  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  Society. 

III.  Notice  of  several  coffins  (formed  of 
stone  slabs)  found  on  the  farm  of  Milton, 
Haddingtonshire.  By  Mr.  W.  T.  M'Cul- 
loch.  Keeper  of  the  Museum. 

It  appeared  that  in  recently  removing 


sand  for  building  purposes  from  the  "burial 
knowe"  several  stone  coffins  were  found. 
This  led  to  father  investigation  by  Mr. 
M'Culloch  personally,  when  he  disinterred 
other  three  coffins.  They  were  formed  of 
slabs  of  stone,  and  the  bodies  were  found 
laid  out  at  full  length,  but  neither  arms 
nor  ornaments  were  found. 

Several  donations  were  announced,  as, 
a  rare  and  valuable  collection,  consisting 
of — 1.  Twenty  silver  Scottish  coins;  2. 
Five  gold  Scottish  coins ;  3.  Thirteen  silver 
medals;  4.  Twenty-one  bronze  medals; 
5.  Five  gold  rings;  6.  One  silver  ring; 
7.  Three  silver  brooches;  8.  One  bronze 
brooch.  Bequeathed  to  tbe  museum,  with 
MS.  detailed  description,  by  the  late  W. 
W.  Hay  Newton,  Esq.,  of  Newton,  for- 
merly one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the 
Society. — Charter  chest  of  the  family  of 
Lundin  Auchtermairnie.  By  James  Lundin 
Brown,  Esq.,  M.D.,  of  Auchtermairnie, 
through  James  Brown,  Esq.,  accountant. 
— 1.  Quaich  of  ebony  and  ivory,  silver 
mounted,  given  by  Prince  Charles  Ed- 
ward to  a  gentleman  in  Forfarshire,  by 
whom  it  was  presented  to  the  late  Mr. 
David  Deuchar,  Momingside ;  2.  Embos- 
sed ivory  snuff-box,  silver  mounted,  pre- 
sented by  the  Count  d'Artois,  while  living 
m  Holyrood  in  1796,  to  Mr.  David  Deu- 
char; 3.  Palm  leaf  with  inscription,  brought 
from  Burmah  by  Major  Deuchar.  By  Cap- 
tain Deuchar,  R.N. — 1.  Stone  urn  con- 
taining burnt  bones,  found  in  the  island 
of  Rousay,  Orkney;  2.  Round  stone  im- 
plement, found  at  the  Girth-house  of 
Orphir,  Orkney;  3.  Round  stone  resem- 
bling a  small  grin  ding-stone,  found  in  an 
undergroimd  chamber  near  the  Girth- 
house,  Orphir,  Orkney.  By  David  Bal- 
four, Esq.,  of  Balfour,  F.S.A.  Scot.,  Ac. 


SUSSEX  ARCHJEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


Aut;.  8.  The  annual  meeting  was  held 
at  Pevensey,  the  Lobd  BisnoF  of  Chi- 
chester presiding. 

The  extremely  unfavourable  weather 
did  not  prevent  the  intended  visits  to 
Westbam  Church  and  llerstmonceux 
Ciustlo,  though  it  may  fairly  be  questioned 
whether  either  place  received  as  much  at- 


tention as  it  would  have  done  in  other 
circumstances.  The  dinner  was  held  in  a 
marquee  in  Pevensey  Castle,  and  after  the 
cloth  had  been  removed,  the  business  of 
the  day  was  transacted. 

Among  the  company  were — The  Lord 
Bishop  of  Chichester  (in  the  chair) ;  Rev. 
Edward    Turner,    Maresfield;     Rev.    H. 


404, 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Oct 


Browne,  Bailiff  of  Pevensey;  W.  D. 
Cooper,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  London;  H.  Catt, 
Esq.,  Brighton;  TliomRS  Ross,  Esq.,  Has- 
tings ;  W.  H.  Blaauw,  Esq ,  F.S.A., 
Beechland;  W.  D.  L.  Shadwell,  Esq., 
Hastings;  Rev.  G.  M.  Cooper,  Wilming- 
ton; M.  A.  Lower,  Esq.,  F.S.A.;  Sir 
Walter  Stirling,  Bart.;  J.  G.  Dodson, 
Esq.,  M.P. ;  J.  G.  Blencowe,  Esq.,  M.P.; 
R.  W.  Blencowe,  Esq. ;  the  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon Otter;  Rev.  Thomas  Cooke, 
Brighton;  H.  W.  Diamond,  Esq.,  M.D., 
Twickenham-house ;  Col.  Paine,  Patcham ; 
J.  A.  Hunkey,  Esq.,  together  with  many 
ladies. 

The  Hon.  Secretary  (R.  W.  Blencowe, 
Esq.)  read  the  report,  which  gave  a  very 
favourable  view  of  the  state  of  the  Society ; 
announced  that  the  tweUth  volume  of  the 
Transactions  was  ready,  and  proposed 
nearly  twenty  new  members,  who  were 
elected. 

Of  Hcr&tmonceux  Castle  the  following 

account  has  been  published  in  vol.  iv.  of 

the  Archajological    Collections  issued  by 

the  Society : — 

"  This  building  was  erected  in  the  year 
11 W),  by  Sir  Roger  de  Fynes,  at  a  cost  of 
£3,800.  A  munor-housc  had  previously 
occupied  the  site,  and  had  been  the  seat, 
successively,  of  the  De  Hersts,  the  De 
Monceuxs,  and  the  Fyneses,  from  the  time 
of  the  Conquest.  To  the  park  which  had 
pieviously  existed,  Sir  Roger  added  600 
acres  of  land.  His  son  Richard  Fynts, 
slicrilV  of  Surrey  and  Sussex  in  1452,  mar- 
ried Joan,  heiress  of  Thos.  Lord  Dacre, 
and  was  in  her  right  summoned  to  Parlia- 
ment, and  declared  Baron  Dacre  of  the 
South  in  1 158.  Thomas,  the  second  Lord 
D.icre,  distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier, 
and  was  constable  of  Calais.  He  died  in 
1534,  and  was  buried  under  a  magnificent 
altar-tomb  in  Ilerstmonceux  Chirch.  His 
grandson  and  suciessor,  Thos.  Lord  Dacre, 
associates  this  place  with  a  very  tragical 
event.  Eni^aging  in  the  foolish  and  un- 
lawful frolic  of  huntiu,:  de*r  in  the  park 
of  his  nt'ij^hbour.  Sir  Nicholas  Pelham,  at 
Ikllingly,  a  fnjy  took  ])lace  between  his 
companions  and  tlie  Knight's  gamekeepers, 
which  resulted  in  the  death  of  one  of  the 
latter.  For  this  Lord  Dacre  was  held 
resp(msible,  and  he,  together  with  three 
of  his  gentlemen,  Mantel,  Fro^vds,  and 
Koidon,  were  executed  at  St.  Thomas  Wa- 
terings, 29th  June,  1541.  This  event  has 
been  dramatized   by   Mrs.  Gore,   in   her 


'Dacre  of  the  South;'  and  it  is  the 
subject  of  a  ballad  in  Mr.  Lower's  *  Con- 
tributions to  Literature.'  Gregory,  sod 
of  this  unfortunate  baron,  succeeded  to 
the  title,  but  died  unmarried.  His  sister 
Margaret  espoused  Sampson  Lennard,  Esq., 
and  was  recognised  as  Baroness  Dacre. 
They  resided  much  at  the  Castle,  aud 
added  much  to  its  internal  decorations. 

"  Tlie  castle  aud  estate  remained  in  the 
Lennard  family  until  the  time  of  Thomas 
Lord  Dacre,  created  Earl  of  Sussex  by 
Charles  II.  He  improved  the  castle  by  the 
addition  of  sash  windows  on  the  east  side  ; 
but  losing  a  great  part  of  his  estate  by 
extravagance  and  gambling,  was  obliged 
to  sell  Herstmonceux,  the  seat  of  his  an- 
cestors from  the  Conquest. 

'*  In  1708  the  estate  became  the  pro- 
perty of  George  Naylor,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  who  married  a  sister  of  Thos.  Pelham, 
Duke  of  Newcastle.  His  successor  was 
his  kinsman.  Dr.  Francis  Hare,  Bishop  of 
Chichester,  and  the  latter  left  the  castle 
to  his  son,  Francis  Naylor.  In  1775  it 
devolved  upon  his  half-brother,  the  Ker. 
Robert  Hare,  but  was  then  considered  to 
be  so  dilapidated  as  to  be  past  repair. 
The  interior  was  therefore  demolished, 
and  the  materials  were  employed  in  add- 
iug  to  the  mansion  called  Herstmonceuz- 
place.  From  F.  Hare  Naylor,  Esq.,  in 
1807  the  estate  passed  by  sale  to  Thomas 
Read  Kemp,  Esq.  In  1819  it  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Gillon  family.  In  1846 
Jno.  Gillon,  Esq.,  M.P.,  sold  it  to  H.  B. 
Curteis,  Esq.,  M.P.,  father  of  Herbert 
Mascali  Curteis,  Esq.,  the  present  owner. 
The  castle  is  accounted  one  of  the  earliest 
brick  buildings  in  England  It  is  also 
among  the  latest  specimens  of  a  castle, 
I^roperly  so  called;  possessing  much  of 
the  grandeur,  with  little  of  the  strength, 
of  the  feudal  fortress  of  earlier  times. 
When  in  full  repair  it  was  considered  the 
largest  house  in  England  belonging  to  a 
subject.  Addison's  comedy,  *  The  Drum- 
mer, or  Tlie  Haunted  House,'  is  said  to  be 
based  u])on  a  tradition  connected  with 
this  mansion.  The  room  immediately  over 
the  porter's-loilge  was  known  as  Drum- 
mer's-hall,  from  the  loud  'spirit-rapping^ 
formerly  carried  on  there." 

In  connexion  with  Pevensey,  Mr.  Dur- 
rant  Cooper  read  an  unpublished  letter 
from  the  State  Paper  OiBce.  It  was  the 
production  of  a  Sussex  notability,  Andrew 
Borde  (the  original  Merry  Andrew),  and 
was  addressed  to  Lord  Cromwell : — 

"  After  humble  salutation, — With  dne 
reverence  I  certify  your  lordship  that  I 


18G0.] 


Sussex  ArchcBological  Society. 


405 


am  now  in  Scotland,  in  a  little  university 
or  study,  named  Glasgow,  where  I  study 
and  practice  physic,  as  I  have  done  in 
divers  rej:ions,  providing  for  the  sustenta- 
tion  of  my  being  j  assuring  you  that  in 
these  parts  tliat  I  am  in,  the  king's  grace 
hath  many  enemies,  and  in  manner  all 
manner  of  persons  (except  some  scholas- 
tical  men),  that  be  his  adversaries  and 
ppeaketh  pernicious  wo^ds.  I  resort  to 
the  Scottish  king's  house,  and  the  Earl  of 
Aryn,  named  Hamilton,  and  to  the  Lord 
Ovyndale,  named  Stuart,  and  to  many 
lords  and  ladies,  as  well  spiritual  as  tem- 
poral, and  truly  I  know  their  minds,  for 
they  taketh  me  for  a  Scottish  man's  son, 
f(iY  I  name  mvself  Carre,  and  so  the  Carres 
eiiUoth  me  cousin,  through  the  which  I 
am  in  the  more  favour.  Shortly  to  con- 
clude, trust  you  no  Scot,  (for  they  will 
use  tlattering  words,  and  all  is  falsehood). 

"  I  suppose,  verily,  that  you  have  in  Eng- 
land by  three  or  four  thousand  Scots  and 
innumerable  other  aliens,  which  doth  (spe- 
cially the  Scots)  much  harm  to  the  king's 
liege  men  through  their  evil  words;  for  as* 
I  went  through  England  I  met,  and  was 
in  company  of,  rural  folks.  Englishmen 
that  love  not  our  gracious  king.  Would 
to  Jesus  that  some  were  punished  to  give 
others  example ;  would  to  Jesus  also  that 
you  had  not  an  alien  in  your  realm,  spe- 
cially Scots,  for  I  never  knew  alien  good 
to  England,  and  except  they  knew  profit, 
and  it  were  of  gold  to  them.  In  all  the 
places  of  Christendom  where  I  have  tra- 
velled in  I  kuow  not  five  Englishmen 
inhabitants,  except  only  Scots  for  lucre. 
I  pray  to  Jesus  that  aliens  do  in  England 
no  more  harm  to  England.  If  I  might 
do  England  any  service,  specially  to  my 
sovereign  lord  the  king,  or  to  you,  I  would 
do  it,  to  si)end  and  put  my  life  in  danger 
and  jeopardy  of,  as  far  as  any  man,  God 
be  my  judge.  You  have  my  heart,  and 
shall  be  sure  of  the  utmost  of  my  poor 
power,  for  I  am  never  able  to  make  you 
amends  for  when  I  was  in  gi*eat  thraldom, 
both  bodily  and  ghostly,  you  of  your  gen- 
tleness set  me  at  liberty  and  clearness  of 
conscience.  Also  I  thank  your  mastership 
for  your  great  kindness,  that  you  shewed 
nic  at  Bishop's  Waltham,  and  that  you 
gave  me  lic(  use  to  come  to  you  once  in  a 
quarter.  As  soon  as  I  come  home  I  intend 
to  come  to  you  to  submit  myself  to  you  to 
do  with  me  what  you  will.  For  lack  of 
wit,  peradventure  I  mny  in  that  writing 
sa\ ,  what  shall  not  content  you,  but  God 
be  my  judge  I  mean  truly  both  to  my 
sovereign  lord  the  king  and  to  you. 
When  1  was  kept  in  thraldom  in  the 
Cliarter  House,  and  knew  nought  of  the 


king's  majesty's  acts,  nor  yours,  they  stul- 
tifyingly  threw  sinestrall  works  and  I  did 
as  many  of  the  others  doth,  but,  after  that 
I  was  at  liberty,  manifestly  I  observed  the 
ignorance  and  blindness  that  they  and  I 
was  in ;  for  I  could  now  know  nothing  of 
no  manner  of  matter,  but  only  by  them, 
and  they  would  cause  me  write  full  in- 
cipiently  to  the  Prior  of  London*,  when 
he  was  in  the  Tower  before  he  was  put  to 
execution,  for  the  which  I  trust  your  mas- 
tership hath  pardoned  me,  for  God  know- 
eth  I  was  kept  in  prison  straightly,  and 
glad  I  was  to  write  at  their  request,  but  I 
wrote  nothing  that  I  thought  should  be 
against  my  prince,  nor  you,  nor  no  other 
man.  I  pray  God  that  you  may  provide  a 
good  prior  for  that  place  at  London,  for 
truly  there  be  many  wilful  and  obstinate 
young  men  that  standeth  too  much  on  their 
own  conceit,  and  will  not  be  reformed,  but 
playeth  the  children,  and  a  good  prior 
would  so  serve  them  like  children.  News 
I  have  none  to  write  to  you,  but  I  pretend 
to  be  with  you  shortly,  for  I  am  half  weary 
of  this  barren  country,  as  Jesus  Christ 
knoweth,  who  did  keep  you  in  health  and 
good.  From  Leith  a  mUe  from  Edinbro*, 
the  first  day  of  April,  by  the  hand  of  your 
poor  scholar  and  servant, 

"Andhbw  Boobde,  Pries!-." 

The  letter  was  listened  to  with  much 
interest,  and  \  at  its  close  the  Rev.  H. 
Browne,  Rector  (and  Bailiflf)  of  Pevensey, 
jocularly  remarked  that  Andrew  must 
have  had  some  grudge  against  the  cor- 
poration of  Pevensey,  or  he  would  not 
have  written  what  he  did.     It  was  clear 


•  The  allusion  to  the  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
prior  of  the  Charterhouse  enables  us  to  fix  as 
the  date  of  the  letter  the  summer  of  1535.  The 
viHitation  of  the  Charterhouse  began  in  April 
1534,  the  inmates  refUsed  to  take  the  oath  of 
supremacy,  whereupon  John  Howgton,  the 
prior,  and  Iluraphrey  Midylmore,  the  pro- 
curator, were  imprisoned  in  the  Tower.  After 
a  month's  confinement  they  took  the  oath,  and 
on  the  29th  of  May  a  certificate  of  conformity 
was  given.  On  the  6th  of  June,  Andrew  Boorde, 
one  of  the  presb^lers  (with  others),  also  con- 
formed. A  year  afterwards  (29th  April.  1535), 
the  same  prior  with  two  other  Carthusian  priors, 
a  monk  of  Sion,  and  the  Vicar  of  Islewortb,  were 
convicted  of  high  treason;  and  on  the  4tb  of 
May  drawn,  hanged,  and  quartered.  In  the  next 
month,  Humphrey  Midylmore,  the  procurator, 
and  two  monks,  William  Exmcw  and  Sebastian 
Newdigate,  were  also  apprehended,  condemned, 
and  executed.— J?'/6<T<  Smythe'a  Historical  Ac* 
count  of  the  Charterhouse. 


406 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer 


[Oct 


that  some  of  his  tales  of  the  wise  men 
of  Gotham  had  reference  to  the  local 
usages  of  Pevensey,  especially  the  capital 
punishment  intended  to  have  been  inflicted 
by  "drowning  the  eel;"  the  freemen 
felons  of  that  as  well  as  other  Cinque 
Ports  being  by  the  Custumal  to  be 
drowned,  whilst  strangers  were  to  be 
hung.     It  had  been  supposed  that  the 


''Merry  Tales  of  Gotham"  was  the  only 
exclosiyely  facetious  work  of  Boorde ;  but 
Uearne  {Reliq,  ed.  Bliss,  p.  822)  thought 
that  he  also  wrote  the  **  History  of  Tom 
Thumb." 

The  weather  cleared  up  in  the  evemng^ 
and  a  pleasant  walk  through  the  grounds 
of  the  castle  brought  the  proceedings  to 
a  dose. 


MISCELLANEA. 


French  Mohfmbnts. — A  few  months 
since  the  section  of  archoology  of  the 
Committee  of  Historical  Works  charged 
some  of  its  members  with  the  mission  of 
studying  the  question  as  to  the  origin  and 
importance  of  a  coUecticm  of  drawings 
known  by  the  name  of  the  "Gagni^res 
Collection,"  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at 
Oxford.  A  report  has  been  made  by  M. 
Dauban,  in  the  name  of  the  Commission, 
to  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  re- 
commending that  the  Imperial  Library 
should  complete  the  collection  it  already 
possesses  by  making  copies  of  those  at 
Oxf«>rd.  The  collection  of  Gagni^res,  who 
was  tutor  to  the  sons  of  the  Grand  Dau- 
phin, was  given  in  1711  by  that  savant  to 
King  Louis  XIV.  It  was  composed  of  a 
number  of  drawings  of  the  tombs  of  the 
lloyal  family,  and  other  great  houses  of 
France,  arranged  in  provinces,  and  was 
placed  in  the  lioyal,  now  the  Imperial, 
Library,  but  a  part  filling  twenty -five 
volumes  disappeared  from  that  establish- 
ment between  the  years  1785  and  1801. 
By  comparing  the  list  of  the  drawings 
now  in  the  library  at  Oxford  with  the  de- 
tailed catalogue  of  the  Gagnidres  Collec- 
tion, as  drawn  up  in  1815  by  Clairambault, 
no  doubt  can  exist  but  that  those  now  in 
the  Oxford  library  belonged  to  the  lost 
portion.  At  the  recommendation  of  the 
commission,  the  Minister  charged  M.  Jules 
Frappaz,  an  experienced  artist,  to  make 
copies  of  the  complete  collection  at  Ox- 
ford, which  is  composed  of  about  3,000 
subjects.  Some  of  them  have  been  already 
finisluKl,  and  the  execution  has  been  much 
admired.  The  curators  of  the  l^xUeian 
Library,  aud  the  chief  librarian,  Dr.  Ban- 


dinel,  received  M.  Frappaz  in  the  kindest 
manner,  and  have  given  him  erery  imcility 
for  the  accomplishment  of  his  work. — 
Galignani. 

MbDIJSYAL  M0NU3fENTS  IK  FSANCX. — 

There  has  lately  been  discovered  behind 
the  altar  of  the  church  of  Dauheaf,  (in  the 
Eure,)  a  tomb  of  the  13th  century  hitherto 
unnoticed.  The  slab  is  sculptured  in  relief, 
and  represents  a  knight  in  armour,  lying 
on  his  back,  with  his  head  resting  on  a 
cushion.  His  sword  is  attached  to  a  belt 
round  his  waist,  and  on  his  knees  lies  a 
shield.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  tomb  of 
Odo  IV.,  lord  of  Ham  and  Daubeof,  who 
joined  the  fourth  crusade,  ▲.D.  1200,  was 
present  at  the  taking  of  Constantinople 
in  1202,  and  who  died  in  1230. 

In  another  quarter  an  interesting  mona* 
ment  has  by  timely  interference  been  saved 
from  impending  destruction  : — "When  the 
hamlet  of  Louvicamp  (Seine-Infi^ricnre) 
was  incorporated  with  the  parish  of  Mesnil- 
Mauger  In  1832,  the  old  church  being  no 
longi-r  required,  was  sold  and  pulled  down. 
For  six  centuries  there  bad  lain   in  its 
chancel  a  stone  sepulchral  statue,  larger 
than  life,  and  supposed  to  he  that  of  the 
Lady  of  Louvicamp,  the  foundress  of  the 
church.     The  inhabitants  requested  the 
purchaser  of  the  church  to  let  them  retain 
it.     He  consented,  and  the  statue  was  re* 
moved  to  the  church  of  Mesnil -Mauger, 
where  it  remained  outside  the  entrance, 
exposed  to  all  weathers,  until  recently, 
when  it  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
Abb^  Cochet,  who  applied  to  the  prefect^ 
and  in  cousetjuence  the  statue  is  now  placed 
inside  the  church." — Oalignani, 


I860.] 


407 


Correclpontience  of  ^elbantis;  Bvhm, 


[^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeahle,  for 
publication,  hut  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentlemait's  Maqazike  containing 
their  Communications  may  heforvxM'ded  to  themJ] 


A  VISITATION  OF  ARMS  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  AND  TOWN  OF 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Paet  I.     No.  II. 

ABMS  ON  MONUMENTS  AND  IK  STAINED  GLASS  IK  THE  TOWK  CH17BCHSS. 


St.  Andrew  the  Less. 
On  a  monument  to  Jacob  Butler,  Esq,, 
1765,   (formerly   standing  on  the   north 
wall  of  the  chancel,  but  lately  removed  to 
the  churchyard,)  two  shields,  each — 
f  1,  4.  Butler,  Az.,  a  chevron  between  3 
covered  cups  or. 

2.  Aglionby,  Arg.,  2  bars,  and  in  chief 
3  martlets  sab. 

3.  Ferrahy,  Arg.,  a  star  of  8  rays  gu., 
on  chief  az.,  3  water-bougets  or. 

Crest,  a  horse's  head  erased  arg. 

St.  Benedict, 

1.  On  a  monument  to  John  Peirse,  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  son  of  John 
Peirse  of  Bedale,  co.  York,  1652.  Az., 
a  ducal  coronet  between  3  crosslets 
fitchee  or. 

Crest,   a  crosslet  fitchee  or,  sur- 
mounted by  a  mural  crown. 

2.  On  a  monumeut  to  Henry  Oostliny, 
B.D.,  1674.  Gu.,  a  chevron  between 
3  crescents  erm. 

3.  On  a  monument  to  Sandys  Peyton, 
Oent.,  1682,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Peyton, 
of  Isleham,  Bart.  Sab.,  a  cross  eng. 
or.,  in  first  quarter  a  mullet  arg. 

4.  On  a  monument  to  Francis  Wood- 
ward, of  Cambridge,  Oent.,  1750. 
Sab.,  3  bars  and  canton  or. 

5.  On  a  monument  to  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Newton,  Oent.,  1724.  Sab., 
2  shank  bones  in  saltire  arg. 

St.  Botolph. 

1.  On  a  monument  to  Thomas  Plaifer, 
D.D.,  1609.     Gu.,  a  fleur-de-lys  or. 

2.  On  a  monument  to  Wm.  Lillie,  Oent., 
1737.    Gu.,  3  lilies  slipt  arg.,  2, 1. 


St.  Clement. 

1.  On  a  flat  stone  to  Roger  Thompson, 
Esq.,  1750.  On  a  chevron  between 
3  roundles,  each  charged  with  a  mart- 
let,  3  escallops,  impaling  a  lion  ramp, 
and  border  eng. 

2.  On  a  flat  stone  to  Matthew  Wildhore, 
Oent.,  1689,  and  WilUam  Pedder, 
Oent.,  1683,  three  shields  in  one, 
one  in  chief,  the  others  per  pale  in 
base : — 

^.  BracJcenhury,    In   chief,   arg.,    3 
chevrons  braced  in  base  az. 

2.  Wildbore,   In    dexter  base,   arg., 
a  fess  between  2  boars  passant  sab. 

3.  Pedder,  In  sinister  base,  3  eagles 
displayed,  2,  1. 

Crest,  a  lion  oouchant  under  a  tree. 

3.  On  a  flat  stone  to  Daniel  Lowe, 
alderman,  1707.  Arg.,  3  bars  gu.,  in 
chief  3  lions*  heads  erased  of  the  last ; 
impaling  a  bend  eng.  between  2  lions' 
heads  erased. 

Crest,  a  lion's  head  erased. 

Cole  mentions  the  following  atchieve- 
ment : — 

1.  6.  Oill,  Arg.,  2  chevrons  az.,  on  each 
3  mullets  arg.,  on  canton  gu.  a  lion 
pass,  guard,  or. 

2.  CUll,  Lozengy  arg.  az.,  a  lion  ramp.  or. 

3.  Canon,  Arg.  on  fess  between  3  crosses 
pat^e  gu.  3  martlets  or. 

4.  Arg.,  3  bars  gu.,  in  chief  3 

mullets  az. 

5.  Sudeley,  Or,  2  bendlets  gu. 
Crest,  a  demi-eagle  displayed  az., 

winged  or. 


408 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Oct 


St.  Edwabd. 
In  stained  glass  in  the  east  ^dndow  four 
shields : — 

1.  Trinity  Hall,  Sab.,  a  crescent  and 
border  eng.  erm. 

2.  Mortlock,  Erm.,  a  fret,  sab.,  on  chief 
az.  3  fleurs-dc-lys  arg. 

3.  Trinity  Hall  imp.  Balling,  Erm.,  on 
bend  sab.  3  acorns  or. 

4.  Hohson,  Or,  on  fess  between  2  chev- 
rons sab.  3  billets  arg. 

Arms  on  the  monuments : — 

1.  Thomas  Lomhe,  solicitor,  1789.  Vert, 
a  crescent  between  2  combs  in  fess ; 
in  chief  a  spear  fessways,  in  base  a 
weaver's  shuttle,  all  arg. 

2.  John  Mortlock,  merchant,  1754. 
Mortlock  as  above. 

8.  Otoen  Mayfield,  alderman  and  mayor, 
d.  1685.  Ga.,  a  cross  eng.  erm.,  in 
the  two  upper  quarters  a  sprig  of 
may  blossoming  or. 

4.  Elizaheth,  wife  of  Cornelius  Hatton, 
of  Harborough,  co.  Leicester,  1732. 
Az.,  a  chevron  between  3  g&rbs  or. 

5.  Charles  Buxton,  B.A,,  Fellow  of 
Clare  Hall,  1682,  son  of  Robert  Bux- 
ton, ^Esq.y  of  Tibenham,  co.  Norfolk. 

^  1,  4.  Buxton,  Or,  a  lion  ramp,  sab., 
V     tail  turned  over  the  head. 

1  2,  3. Or,  2  stags  couchant  in 

V.     pale  gu. 

6.  Lydia  Qillam,  1793.  Sab.,  a  horse's 
head  erased  between  3  sinister  hands 
coupcd  arg.,  border  or. 

7.  Samuel  Blythe,  D.D.,  of  Doncaster, 
CO.  York,  Master  of  Clare  Hall,  1690. 
Arg.,  a  chevron  gu.  between  3  lions 
ramp.  sab. ;  in  chief  the  arms  of 
Clare  Hall 

8.  IVances,  widow  of  Edmund  Half- 
hyde,  apothecary,  1727.  Arg.,  2  chev- 
rons braced  in  fess  sab. ;  in  chief  az. 
3  cinqucfoils  or. 

9.  Judith,  wife  of  Thomas  Craske,  M.D.,o 
of  St.  John's  College,  16 — .  Arg.,  a 
chevron  between  3  fleurs-de-lys  sab.j 
in  chief  gu.  3  loeenges  or. 

10.  John  Griffith,  M.A.,  1686.  Gu.,  a 
chevron  erm.  between  3  human  heads 
in  profile  couped  at  the  neck  pp'. 

11.  Thomas  Buck,  Esq.,  1669.  Vert,  a 
bend  between  2  bucks  trippant  eiin« 

9 


12.  William  Beche,  Esq,,  1614.  Gu., 
on  a  cross  moline  arg.  5  mullets  sab. 

Cole  mentions  the  following  coat  of 
arms  on  the  altar-cloth  in  his  time: 
Or,  a  chevron  nebuly  arg.  az.  between  3 
Cornish  coughs  pp'. 

St.  Giles. 

1.  On  a  brass  inscription,  gone,  2  shields^ 
each  a  fess,  and  in  chief  3  cocks. 

2.  On  a  monument  to  Nicholas  Carre, 
Regius  Professor  of  Cfreek,  1569. 
2  shields :— • 

1.  Begius  Professorship  of  Cfreek, 
Per  chevron  arg.  sab.,  in  chief  the 
letters  alpha  aud  omeg^  in  base  a 
grasshopper,  all  counterchanged ; 
on  a  chief  gu.  a  lion  pass,  goard.  or, 
on  his  shoulder  a  text  ®  sab. ;  imp. 
Per  chevron  ...  3  unicorns'  heads 
erased  counterchanged,  Carre, 

2.  Carre,  Imp.  on  a  chevron  8  molleti^ 
in  chief  as  many  fleurs-de-lys. 

Crest,  a  unicorn's  head  erased. 

St.  Petes. 

1.  On  a  monument  to  Boheri  Wynnes 
1745.  Gu.,  a  Saracen's  head  affront^ 
erased  pp%  wreathed  round  the  tem- 
ples arg. 

2  On  a  flat- stone  to  Thomat  Tbipat- 
hend,  1714.  Az.,  a  chevron  erm.  be- 
tween 3  escallops  arg. 

The  Holy  Sbfulchsb. 
1.  On  a  monument  to  John  JBrtMm^ 
Gent,    Gu.,  a  fess  cheeky  arg.  az.  be- 
tween 3  lozenges  or,  on  each  a  martlet 
sab. 
Crest,  on  a  whale's  head  erect  and 
erased  az.,  between  2  sprigs  vert, 
flowered  az.,  3  besants  in  bend 
cottized  or. 

Before  the  late  restoration  of  the  chmtjh 
the  following  shields  were  on  the  roof  oi 
the  chancel. 

1.  East  Anglia,  Az.,  3  ducal  coronets 
or,  2,  1. 

2.  CW^<>/<f,  Quarterly,  arg.  sab.,  on  each 
quarter  a  hand  or  foot  counterchanged, 
in  fess  a  heart  gu. 

3. Arg.,  a  cross  eng.  between  4 

martlets  gu. 

4. on  a  cross  9  escallops. 

John  H.  Spssudtq. 

Wicken  Bectory,  Bishop  Stor(fordf 
Aug.,  1860. 


I860.]  409 


BECKET  OR  ST.  THOMAS  ? 

Mr.  Ukban, — I  do  not  think  Mr.  Robertson's  letter  at  all  conclusive  on 
the  point  in  dispute, — was  Archbishop  Thomas  of  Canterbury  known  to 
his  contemporaries  as  Becket  so  certainly  as  to  waiTant  us  in  calling  him 
so  in  an  accurate  historical  investigation  ? 

It  is  plain  that  his  father  was  called  Becket,  and  plain  also  that  his  mur- 
derers and  King  Henry  VIII.,  by  way  of  derision,  applied  to  him  the  same 
surname.  Such  a  use  of  it  cannot  touch  the  real  question.  St.  Thomas 
lived  at  a  time  when  surnames  were  coming  into  use,  but  when  the  use  of 
them  was  anything  but  general.  Of  all  the  bishops  of  the  century,  down 
to  1162,  only  Henry  Murdac,  Archbishop  of  York,  and  Walter  Durdent, 
Bishop  of  Lichfield,  have  names  similar  to  Becket.  All  the  rest,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Peches  and  Ffolliotts,  bore  either  patronymics,  territorial 
names,  or  nicknames,  like  Seffrid  Pelochin,  Herv^  Cruste,  and  Ralph  Luffa. 
Peche  is,  however,  on  the  roll  of  Battle  Abbey ;  Ffolliott  is  also  a  Con- 
quest family ;  Murdac  appears  under  the  form  of  Filius  Murdac  on  another 
ancient  roll  of  the  Conqueror's  followers. 

Is  it  more  likely  that  Becket  was  an  exception  to  an  almost  general 
usage  among  ecclesiastics,  or  that  at  a  late  date  when  surnames  were 
common,  and  it  became  necessary  to  find  one  for  him,  the  name  which  his 
father  had  borne,  and  perhaps  his  relations  as  well,  should  come  con- 
veniently to  hand?  Certainly,  in  his  time,  seisin  was  required  for  the 
ownership  of  a  name  as  well  as  for  that  of  a  fief. 

I  am  not  ignorant  that,  even  after  surnames  were  common^  ecclesiastics 
denied  themselves  the  use  of  them  in  a  way  most  puzzling  and  incon* 
venient  to  historians  and  genealogists ;  for  example,  William  of  Wykeham 
and  the  innumerable  aliases  of  the  sixteenth  century.  But  this  seems  to 
be  a  continuation  of  the  earlier  custom.  The  truest  parallel  case  with 
St.  Thomas  is  St.  Edmund.  Both  were  archbishops  of  Canterbury ;  both 
have  had  successors  of  the  same  Christian  name  ;  both  were  canonized  by 
Rome ;  both  were  ejected  from  the  Calendar  by  King  Henry  VIII.,  yet 
no  one  ever  talks  or  writes  of  Archbishop  Rich. 

Of  course,  if  it  be  an  inconvenient  affectation  to  call  a  man  by  the  name 
he  bore  among  his  contemporaries,  no  further  discussion  is  needed ;  but 
historians  would  do  well  to  remember  the  absurd  mistakes  into  which  the 
practice  of  modernizing  surnames  has  led  able  writers.  When  shall  we 
have  heard  for  the  last  time  of  Archbishop  Roger  of  Bishopsbridge, 
i.e.  Pont  I'Eveque ;  or  of  Bishop  Sawbridge,  i.e.  John  of  Pontoise,  Latinej 
Pontiserra  or  Pontisara  ?  The  learned  Richardson,  editor  of  Godwin,  quotes 
an  annotator  who,  anxious  to  find  a  surname  for  Bishop  Savaric  of  Wells, 
calls  him  Barlowinwac,  consolidating  him  with  Baldwin  Wake,  whose  name 
follows  his  in  a  passage  in  Hoveden.    Much  earlier  still,  Herbert  de 

Qbvt.  MAa.  Yoii.  CCIX  8  o 


410  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban,  [Oct. 

Losinga  (i.e.  of  Lorraine)  is  construed  to  have  received  that  name  from 
his  propensity  to  leasing  or  glozing.  On  the  same  principle,  Ralph  Flam- 
bard's  name  was  explained;  and  a  well-informed  German  historian  de- 
scribes the  conqueror  of  CuUoden  as  called  Duke  of  Cumberland  from  his 
extreme  corpulency. 

I  am,  &c.  "W.  S.  N. 


THE  "  GUARDIAN"  NEWSPAPER  AND  THE  « NATIONAL 

REVIEW." 

Mr.  Ukban, — In  so  far  as  the  letter  which  you  have  printed  from 
**  The  Writer  in  the  '  National  Review'  "  relates  to  the  question  of  Arch- 
bishop Becket's  name,  I  am  content  to  rest  my  case  on  what  I  have  already 
written.  Nor  shall  I  attempt  to  reply  to  the  many  smart  things  which 
your  correspondent  has  said  against  me  ;  he  is  welcome  to  enjoy  them  as 
long  as  he  can,  and  to  find  believers  and  admirers  for  them  if  he  can. 
Perhaps,  however,  he  may  by-and-bye  come  to  think  (as  I  have  long 
thought)  that  the  practice  of  writing  smartly  is  not  safe  for  any  man  who 
wishes  to  avoid  the  sins  of  falsehood  and  injustice,  and  that  such  writings 
however  clever  it  may  be,  is  after  all  considerably  more  silly  than  clever. 

I  should  not,  there  ft  re,  now  address  you,  except  for  the  sake  of  protest- 
ing against  your  correspondent's  doctrine,  that  it  is  "  no  affair  of*  mine 
whether  the  articles  to  which  I  have  referred,  in  the  **  Saturday  Review," 
the  **  Guardian,"  and  the  "  National  Review,"  be  or  be  not  the  work  of 
the  same  writer — that  "  the  only  question  for"  me  "  is,  whether  the  criticism 
is  true  or  false,  not  whether  the  critics  are  few  or  many." 

To  me,  Sir,  it  appears  that  when  an  opinion  (whether  a  critical  opinion 
or  any  other)  is  open  to  dispute,  I  am  entitled  to  ask  whether  a  number  of 
articles  in  different  publications,  which  all  agree  in  maintaining  that  opinion* 
be  the  productions  of  so  many  different  writers,  or  all  come  from  the  same 
pen.  It  appears  to  mc  that  I  should  be  entitled  to  ask  this,  not  only  if 
I  had  myself  put  forth  an  opposite  opinion,  but  merely  as  one  of  the  public. 
For  I  think  it  unfair  that  a  man  should  impose  his  own  particular  crotchet 
on  the  world  as  if  it  were  a  conclusion  at  which  several  men,  each  carry- 
ing with  him  the  authority  of  some  periodical,  had  arrived  by  independent 
study,  or  which,  at  least,  they  had  sanctioned  by  their  unanimous  judg- 
ment. And  the  unfairness  is  surely  the  greater  if  this  imposture  be  carried 
on  under  mai<ks  so  very  various  as  those  which  I  suppose  your  correspon- 
dent to  have  assumed.  It  may  be  true,  as  "  The  Writer  in  the  *  National 
Review* "  says,  that  "  whether  the  critics  be  one,  two,  three,  or  four,  it 
makes  no  difference  to  the  value  of  the  criticism  ;**  but  it  makes  a  great 
difference  as  to  the  weight  which  an  opinion  will  carry  with  it  if  we  know 
that  its  anonymous  advocates  in  three  or  four  discordant  journals  are 


I860.]       '^  Guardian!^  Newspaper  and  "  National  Review."       41 1 

really  one  and  the  same  person.  For  instance,  a  writer  in  the  **  Quarterly 
Review"  some  years  ago  argued  that  Thomas  Lord  Lyttelton  was  "  Junius." 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  theory  would  have  been  more  likely  to 
meet  with  general  acceptance  if  it  had  also  been  maintained  in  the  '*  Edin- 
burgh Review,'*  and  still  more,  if  to  the  authority  of  these  two  reviews  had 
been  added  that  of  the  "  Westminster'*  and  the  "  Dublin."  And  the  effect 
of  such  a  consent  would  have  been  very  much  increased  if  the  subject  had 
been  one  as  to  which  the  difference  in  general  principles  between  the  four 
might  have  been  expected  to  produce  a  disagreement.  But  what  would 
a  plain  man  have  thought  if,  in  the  supposed  case,  he  had  been  informed 
that  the  essays  which,  in  his  uncritical  simplicity,  he  had  perhaps  been 
attributing  to  Mr.  Croker,  Lord  Macaulay,  Mr.  Stuart  Mill,  and  Cardinal 
Wiseman  respectively,  were  all  the  work  of  one  man,  and  that  the 
opinion  which  he  had  been  disposed  to  believe  on  the  united  authority 
of  the  Conservative,  the  Whig,  the  "  Philosophical-radical,"  and  the 
Romanist  organs  had,  after  all,  but  a  single  champion  ? 

I  do  not  believe  that,  if  the  law  of  this  country  required  that  contribu- 
tions to  periodical  literature  should  be  signed  with  the  names  of  their 
authors,  any  writer  would  have  ventured  on  the  iteration  (to  speak  of 
nothing  worse)  which  is  to  be  found  in  the  articles  in  question.  And, 
while  I  should  myself  be  sorry  to  see  our  law  altered  in  this  respect,  it 
seems  to  me  that,  if  your  correspondent  has  done  what  I  believe  him  to 
have  done,  it  is  such  an  abuse  of  the  privilege  of  anonymous  publication 
as  would  furnish  the  advocates  of  the  French  system  with  a  strong  argu- 
ment for  the  introduction  of  that  system  among  ourselves. 

As  your  correspondent  asks  for  the  name  of  the  "  fifth  periodical"  in 
which  I  suppose  him  to  have  "  turned  his  reading  on  the  subject  to 
account,"  I  am  quite  willing  to  tell  him  that  it  is  your  own  venerable 
Magazine,  and  that  the  reference  is  to  a  letter  in  the  number  for  April, 
which  bears  the  signature  of  "  Edward  A.  Freeman."  If  I  am  mistaken 
in  supposing  Mr.  Freeman  (with  whom  it  may  be  well  to  say  that  I  have 
never  before  had  any  quarrel,  or  indeed  any  communication  whatever,) 
to  be  the  author  of  the  articles  in  the  "  Guardian"  and  in  the  '*  National 
Review,"  I  heartily  beg  his  forgiveness  for  the  wrong  which  I  have  in 
that  case  done  him. 

Whoever  the  author  may  be,  I  have  no  doubt  whatever  that  the  two 
criticisms  which  I  have  just  mentioned  are  by  the  same  hand.  Your  cor- 
respondent seems  to  be  angry  with  me  for  saying  so  ;  but  really  the  fault  is 
altogether  his  own,  and,  if  he  did  not  wish  to  be  recognised  as  the  writer 
who  had  reviewed  the  same  books  in  the  "  Guardian,"  he  ought  to  have 
made  his  articles  more  unlike  each  other.  For  in  order  to  disguise  his 
identity  effectually,  it  is  not  enough  to  express  in  the  "  National  Review" 
a  suspicion  that  the  credit  of  the  Four  Gospels  would  break  down  under 
the  test  of  such  illustration  as  might  be  thrown  on  them  by  a  comparison 


412  Correspondence  of  Syhanus  Urban:  [Oct. 

with  the  contemporary  Lives  of  Becket — a  suspicion  of  which  I  need  not 
say  that  no  hint  is  given  in  the  "  Guardian." 

Your  correspondent  has  spoken  of  me  as  a  person  who  "  would  perhaps 
hardly  believe  that  there  are  people  who  love  truth  for  its  own  sake,"  and, 
both  in  your  pages  and  elsewhere,  has  used  a  great  deal  more  of  contemp- 
tuous and  insulting  language  towards  me.  As  I  have  allowed  all  this  to 
pass  without  any  answer,  I  trust  that  your  readers  will  not  misunderstand 
my  reasons  for  leaving  unnoticed  anything  that  he  may  say  hereafter,  even 
if  it  should  be  still  more  outrageous  than  the  worst  things  that  he  has 
already  said  of  me.  I  am,  &c., 

Precincts y  Canterhwy,  Sept,  7,  1860.  J.  C.  Robebtsok. 

P.S.  The  Lives  of  Becket  by  Mr.  Morris  and  myself  are  not  the  only 
books  which  "  The  "Writer  in  the  *  National  Review' "  appears  to  have 
reviewed  in  more  places  than  one.  For  instance,  the  '*  Saturday  Review" 
of  September  15th  contains  a  notice  of  Mr.  Russell's  "  History  of  the 
Norfolk  Rebellion,"  which,  if  I  may  trust  my  memory,  has  so  much  in 
common  with  the  '*  Guardian's"  notice  of  the  same  book,  that  I  can  have 
no  doubt  of  their  common  authorship  ;  and  there  are  marks  which  lead  me 
to  attribute  them  both  to  your  correspondent.  I  need  not  say  anything 
more  as  to  the  unfairness  of  such  practices  towards  the  public,  nor  need  I 
dwell  on  the  injustice  which  is  committed  towards  the  author  of  a  book 
when  a  critic  multiplies  his  single  unfavourable  opinion  of  it  by  reviewing 
it  in  more  than  one  periodical;  but  I  must  remark  that  proprietors, 
editors,  and  readers  have  just  cause  of  complaint  against  a  writer  who 
supplies  to  two  periodicals  an  article  which  is  substantially  the  same. 


DOMESTIC  ARCHITECTURE  IN  MEDLSTVAL  LONDON. 

Mb.  Urban, — I  send  you  an  extended  copy  of  a  small  deed  illustrative 
of  this  subject.  It  is  an  agreement  entered  into  between  John  de  Lanfar', 
clerk,  and  William  de  Auverne,  citizen,  respecting  the  wall  of  a  house  in 
the  city,  which  had  been  rendered  unsafe  by  the  removal  of  earth  from  its 
base  in  the  garden  of  one  of  the  parties.  By  the  agreement  the  owner  of 
the  garden  agrees  to  build  three  stone  buttresses,  so  as  to  ensure  the  safety 
of  the  building,  and  to  keep  them  in  repair ;  he  agrees  to  receive  the  drain* 
age  from  the  roof  of  the  house,  and  recognises  the  right  of  its  owner  to 
have  two  windows  looking  upon  the  garden.  The  view  from  these  win- 
dows is  never  to  be  interfered  with,  but  they  are  to  be  so  barred  that  he 
himself,  or  his  property  in  the  garden,  shall  incur  no  harm  therefrom. 

In  this  latter  respect  the  deed  is  a  good  illustration  of  the  operation  of 
the  well-known  Assize  of  1189  (Domestic  Architecture,  i.  pp.  18  e*  «^.), 
which  provided— 

"  And  if  any  one  shall  have  windows  looking  towards  the  land  of  a  nelghhoinv  and 


I860.]         Domestic  Architecture  in  Mediceval  London,  413 

although  ho  and  his  predecessors  have  heen  long  possessed  of  the  view  of  the  aforesaid 
windows,  nevertheless  his  neighbour  may  lawfully  obstruct  the  view  of  those  windows, 
by  building  opposite  to  them  on  his  own  ground,  as  he  shall  consider  most  expedient ; 
except  he  who  hath  the  windows  can  shew  any  writing  whereby  his  neighbour  may 
not  obstruct  the  view  of  those  windows." 

It  is  evident  that  the  clerk  had  the  best  of  the  difference  in  every  respect, 
as  his  title  to  all  the  rights  of  property  is  fully  recognised  by  the  citizen, — 
wlio  may  only  have  lately  come  into  occupation. 

Probably  the  deed  itself,  and  others  of  a  similar  nature,  which  are  of 
rare  occurrence,  owed  its  origin  to  this  early  legislative  act  of  the  citizens. 
The  preamble  of  the  "Assize**  sets  out  how  it  was  called  into  being  by  the 
disputes  relating  to  such  matters,  and  (Domestic  Architecture,  i.  pp.  275, 
&CC.)  shews  the  mode  of  proceeding  in  the  cases  to  which  it  would  apply. 

The  expression  that  the  wall  was  "  in  fronte  solarii"  is  singular,  but  it 
can  have  no  other  meaning  than  that  it  supported  that  upper  chamber, 
which  was  generally  built  of  wood  and  carried  upon  corbels  inserted  in 
or  projecting  over  the  wall,  the  number  of  which  was  often  a  matter  of 
special  agreement. 

The  date  of  the  deed  is  a.d.  1249-50. 

Noverint  universi  hoc  scriptum  visuri  vol  audituri  quod  hec  est  concordia 
facta  inter  Johannem  de  Lanfar'  clericum  ex  una  parte  et  Willielmum  de 
Auveme  civem  London'  ex  altera,  pro  quadam  contentione  inter  eosdem  jnota  ; 
CO  quod  idem  Willielmus  amoverat  terram  in  gardino  bug  juxta  quemdam 
murum  lapideum  in  fronte  solarii  ejusdem  Johannis  versus  occidentem  sine 
assensu  ejusdem  Johannis ;  videlicet  quod  idem  Willielmus  sumptibus  suis  con- 
struet  tres  butericeos  lapideos  ad  sustentandum  murum  predictum.  Et  concessit 
pro  se  et  heredibus  suis  et  suis  assignatis  quod  ipse  et  heredes  sui  et  assignati 
sui  predictos  tres  butericeos  ad  custxun  suum  sustentabunt  imperpetuum,  ita 
quod  idem  mums  sit  sine  periculo.  Aquam  vero  descendentem  et  stillant^m  de 
predicto  solario  sine  impedimento  idem  Willielmus  et  heredes  sui  et  assignati 
sui  in  gardino  suo  recipient  imperpetuum.  Concessit  etiam  idem  Willielmus 
pro  se  ct  heredibus  suis  et  assignatis  suis  eidem  Johanni,'  quod  ipse  et  assignati 
sui  qui  domos  suas  ibidem  possidebunt  habeant  duas  fenestras  versus  gardinum 
predictum  apertas.  Ita  tamen  quod  taliter  ferro  barrentur  quod  dictus  Willielmus 
et  heredes  sui  et  assignati  sui  per  aperturas  illas  dampnum  futuris  temporibus 
non  incurrant.  Et  sciendum  est  quod  non  licebit  eidem  Willielmo  vel  heredibus 
suis  vel  assignatis  suis  aliquod  edificium  edificare  juxta  predictum  murum  per 
quod  visus  dictarum  fenestrarum  aliquo  tempore  obturetiur.  In  cujus  rei  testi- 
monium huic  scripto  cyrographato  videlicet  alter  alterius  parti  sigillum  suum 
apposuit.  Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Rogero  filio  Rogeri  tunc  Majore  London' 
Johanne  de  Tolesan'  et  Radulpho  Hardel'  tunc  Yicecomitibus  London',  Ada  de 
Basinges,  Stephano  Bukerett,  Michaelo  Toony,  Johanne  Normann',  Thoma  de 
Dunolm',  Laurencio  de  Frowik',  Nicholao  Batt,  Roberto  de  Comhuir,  Roberto 
Harder,  Nicholao  filio  Jocelini,  Thoma  filio  Thome,  Alexandre  le  Ferun, 
Radulpho  Sperlong',  Willielmo  filio  Ricardi,  Johanne  Adrian,  Willielmo  Viel, 
Willielmo  Aswy,  Qervasio  le  Cordewaner',  Johanne  le  Minor',  Ricardo  de 
Uadestoke  tunc  Aldermannis  et  aliis. 

I  am,  &c.  J.  B. 


414  Correspondence  of  Sylvanm  Urban.  [Oc 


GENEALOGICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  DESCEIH?  OF  THE 

ST.  BAEBE  FAMILY. 

Me.  XJeban, — ^The  accompanying  genealogical  table  is  based  upon 
pedigree  of  the  St.  Barbe  family,  drawn  up  in  1588  by  Thomas  Glove 
Somerset  Herald,  and  has  never  before  been  published.  Besides  beir 
a  curious  instance  (though  by  no  means  a  solitary  one)  of  the  descei 
of  a  private  family  in  more  than  one  line  from  royal  houses,  it  contaii 
some  points  of  general  interest.  To  the  unpractised  reader  such  a  tab 
may  appear  no  more  than  an  array  of  names,  wearisome  to  the  eye  ai 
profitless  to  the  mind ;  but  there  are  probably  some  by  whom  it  will  1 
regarded  as  a  suggestive  fragment.  Any  pedigree  will  naturally  rec 
to  those  acquainted  with  the  past  fortunes  of  the  particular  family  ; 
various  struggles  and  vicissitudes,  implied  in  the  very  name  of  the  repi 
sentative  of  each  succeeding  generation ;  and  when  thus  viewed  as  t 
footprints  of  one's  forefathers,  a  mere  pedigree  is  an  interesting  memori 
And  when  several  of  them  are  brought  together  in  one  view,  and  the  i 
dividuals  enumerated  filled  high  stations,  and  were  some  of  them  the  gj\ 
men  of  their  age  in  dififerent  countries,  the  whole  becomes  a  record  of  cc 
temporary  history,  and  is  valuable  to  the  general  reader. 

Before  noticing  other  names  in  this  table,  it  will  be  proper  to  say  a  f 
words  respecting  the  family  of  St.  Barbe.  The  name  of  its  founder 
inscribed  in  the  roll  of  Battle  Abbey  as  one  of  the  companions-in-arms 
William  the  Conqueror  present  at  the  battle  of  Hastings.  Eventually, 
fixed  his  residence  at  South  Brent,  in  Somersetshire,  a  place  known  in  c 
own  day  from  its  connection  with  theological  controversy.  The  fam 
remained  at  this  its  original  home  for  about  300  years,  but  is  found  ea 
in  the  fifteenth  century  at  Ashington,  in  the  south  of  the  same  coun 
And  after  a  residence  of  200  years  it  removed  thence  to  Broadlands,  ni 
the  seat  of  Lord  Palmerston.  John  St.  Barbe  of  Broadlands  represent 
Hampshire  in  Parliament  in  1634;  and  his  son,  who  was  the  last  repi 
sentative  of  the  elder  line,  died  a  baronet  without  issue  in  1723.  T 
name  of  St.  Barbe  occurs  several  times  in  the  lists  of  sherifis,  shewing^  tl 
the  family  ranked  with  the  county  gentry.  But  with  the  exception  ol 
Bishop  of  Durham  of  some  celebrity  in  the  twelfth  century,  who  is  beliei; 
to  have  been  a  member  of  the  family,  no  one  of  any  particular  eminence 
recorded.  The  second  wife  of  Sir  Francis  Walsingham,  K.G.,  Qac 
Elizabeth's  minister,  was  the  child  of  Henry  St.  Barbe  of  Ashington,  ti 
died  in  1567,  and  she  became  the  mother  of  two  daughters,  one  of  whi 
(to  quote  the  words  of  Mr.  Lodge  in  his  memoir  of  the  statesman,  1 
father)  "  was  thrice  splendidly  wedded :  first,  to  the  memorable  Sir  Phi 


).]  The  Descent  of  the  St.  Barbe  Family.  415 

ey;  secondly,  to  Robert  Devereux,  Earl  of  Essex;  and  thirdly,  to 
ard  de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Clanricarde ;  by  each  of  whom  she  left  issue.*' 
anecdote,  which  is  related  of  Archbishop  Wake,  may  be  mentioned 
,  on  account  of  its  connection  with  the  St.  Barbes.  The  Archbishop 
succeeded  to  some  property  of  his  father  (a  royalist  cavalier  in  the 
t  Rebellion)  in  the  village  of  Shapwick,  Dorsetshire;  and  being  on 
.it  to  it,  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  the  house  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
ctt,  Vicar  of  the  parish,  who,  while  thus  honoured,  chanced  to  have 
snth  child,  a  girl,  born  to  him.  When  the  intelligence  was  communi- 
.,  the  guest  immediately  rose  and  claimed  the  child  as  his  just  tithe, 
proposed  to  stand  godfather,  on  condition  of  her  being  named  after 
wn  wife,  Etheldred.  The  little  girl  subsequently  became  Mrs.  St. 
e,  and  left  her  Christian  name  an  heir-loom  in  the  family.  Arch- 
p  Wake  appears  to  have  had  a  partiality  to  the  name,  and  he  is  said 
ve  been  the  means  of  introducing  it  into  some  other  families — that  of 

for  instance,  of  which  Earl  Brownlow  is  the  representative. 

inspection  of  the  table  will  shew  that  the  descent  of  the  St.  Barbes 

the  royal  houses  was  brought  about  by  two  marriages,  which  took 

respectively,   in  the   fifteenth   and   following   century.      The   first 

»ge  was   between   Richard  St.  Barbe  of  Ashington,   and   Margery 

great-granddaughter  of  Reginald,  third  Baron  de  Grey  and  Ruthyn. 
second  was  between  Henry  St.  Barbe,  Richard's  great-grandson,  and 

Rogers,  a  descendant  in  the  fifth  generation  of  Catherine  Courtenay, 
Fvas  the  wife  of  Sergeant  Rogers,  and  great-granddaughter  of  Sir  Philip 
tenay.  Justice  of  Ireland  in  1383,  a  son  of  Hugh  Courtenay,  second 
of  Devon,  and  son-in-law  of  Sir  Thomas  Wake,  of  BHsworth,  North- 
:on8hire,  an  ancestor  of  the  Archbishop.  The  issue  of  the  first  of  these 
marriages  could  trace  descent,  through  the  Barons  Grey  de  Ruthyn, 

the  Earls  of  Pembroke  and  Chester;   through  the  former  of  these 

from  the  Capetian  kings  of  France,  the  first  Christian  Grand-Duke 
ussia,  and  some  of  the  Eastern  emperors ;  and  through  the  Earls  of 
ter,  from  the  earlier  kings  of  Scotland  and  the  Saxon  dynasties  in 
land  and  Germany :  while  the  issue  of  the  second  marriage  were 
mdants  of  the  Plantagenet  and  Norman  kings  of  England,  and  through 
ast,  of  the  Counts  of  Flanders,  the  Emperor  Charlemagne,  and  his 
ic  grandfather,  Charles  Martel,  besides  the  Capetian  kings  and  the 
•  royal  families  mentioned  under  the  former  marriage.  We  have  thus 
lied  by  both  lines  of  ascent  from  the  seventeenth  century  to  the 
h,  and  now  we  may  cast  our  eye  down  the  table  in  descent  and 
particulars.  The  true  successors  of  Charlemagne  in  vigour  of  mind 
^ody  were  found  not  in  his  own  heirs  male,  but  in  some  of  his  de- 
ants  in  the  female  line,  such  as  Baldwin  the  Iron-handed,  father 
Idwin  II.  and  founder  of  the  dynasty  in  Flanders,  and  Henry  the 
r,  standing  at  the  head  of  the  Saxon  emperors  of  Germany,  who 


416  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [Oct 

had  in  him  a  common  ancestor.  These  two  were  able  men,  and  thej 
began  a  policy  in  their  respective  dominions  which  led  to  power  and 
prosperity.  The  successors  of  Baldwin  I.  maintained  their  independence 
of  France  and  Germany;  and  Belgium  carried  on,  under  their  protec- 
tion, a  flourishing  maritime  commerce.  Henry  I.»  Duke  of  Saxony,  is 
said  to  have  acquired  his  surname  of  Fowler,  from  the  circumstance  that 
when  the  news  of  his  elevation  to  the  empire  was  brought  to  hiniy  he 
was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  birds.  His  own  reign  over  Germany  has 
been  accounted  one  of  the  most  useful  and  splendid  in  history ;  and  hu 
son,  Otho  the  Great,  deposed  Berenger  II.,  the  last  king  of  Italy,  and 
added  that  country  to  his  empire.  We  see  in  the  table  two  sovereigns  of 
Constantinople,  Constantine,  named  from  his  birth  in  the  royal  porphyry- 
chamber,  **Porphyrogenitus,"  the  grandson  of  Basil,  founder  of  the  dynasty, 
and  Romanus  II.,  Constantine's  son ;  who,  together  with  their  successors, 
owed  their  stability  on  the  throne  to  the  renown  of  their  ancestor,  rather 
than  to  any  merit  of  their  own.  The  two  names  which  follow,  Vladimir 
and  Jaroslaf,  are  those  of  distinguished  rulers,  the  first  of  whom  has  been 
entitled  the  Peter  of  the  tenth  century,  and  his  successor  the  Legislator  of 
Russia.  The  period  of  the  Capetian  kings  whose  names  appear  in  oar 
table  was  not  a  happy  one  for  France.  That  country  was  distracted  by 
struggles  for  supremacy  between  the  sovereign  and  aristocracy,  and  the 
great  vassals  of  the  crown  were  a  match  for  their  feudal  superior.  The 
custom  of  crowning  the  heir  to  the  throne  during  the  lifetime  of  his  father, 
which  now  obtained,  reveals  the  weakness  to  which  royalty  was  reduced  in 
France.  King  Alfred  the  Great,  grandson  of  the  first  king  of  all  England, 
next  merits  attention.  We  behold  him  giving  a  daughter  in  marriage  to 
the  reigning  house  in  Flanders,  which  in  after  time  was  to  be  parent  of 
another  dynasty  in  England ;  his  own  male  line,  meanwhile,  sitting  on  hii 
throne  (though  continually  harassed  by  Danish  invaders)  for  a  century,  and 
then  by  two  marriages  providing  a  wife  (who  was  daughter  of  a  king  of 
Scotland,  and  great-granddaughter  of  a  German  emperor)  for  a  son  of 
William  of  Normandy,  viz.  the  Princess  Matilda,  married  to  King  Henry  I. 
of  England.  The  whole  of  the  kings  of  Scotland  in  the  table  belong  to 
a  period  antecedent  to  the  opening  of  Tytler's  History ;  yet  it  was  an  im- 
portant period,  witnessing  the  gradual  union  of  three  petty  principalities, 
into  which  the  country  had  been  divided,  in  one  kingdom ;  the  organization 
of  which  was  begun  and  completed  by  two  remarkable  men,  Kenneth  HI. 
and  Malcolm  Canmore,  Or  the  Great-head.  The  strange  law  of  succession 
(a  fertile  source  of  royal  discontent  and  crime),  by  which  the  king  for  manv 
generations  was  usually  followed  on  the  throne,  not  by  his  own  son,  but  by 
the  son  of  his  predecessor,  now  ceased  to  be  acted  upon  ;  though  it  was  ap* 
pealed  to,  so  late  as  the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century,  by  Baliol  and  Brace, 
when  contending  for  the  crown  of  Scotland  in  the  presence  of  Edward  L 
Tlie  century  succeeding  that  of  the  Norman  Conquest  has  been  termed  the 
10 


I860.]  The  Descent  of  the  8t.  Barbe  Family.  417 

age  of  the  Barons,  who  rose  to  great  power,  favoured  hy  the  frequent  ciyQ 
wars  which  then  raged  in  England,  as  in  most  of  the  countries  of  Europe. 
There  are  names  in  the  tahle  to  recall  this  state  of  things,     fiaodle  de 
Gernons,  fourth  earl  of  Chester,  and  Gilbert  de  Clare,  first  earl  ctf  Pem- 
broke, fought  on  difierent  sides  at  the  battle  of  lincdln  in  1141,  when 
King  Stephen  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Earl  of  Glouceator  m  the  interest 
of  the  Empress  Maud,  chiefly  through  the  prowess  of  hie  son-in-law  De 
Gernons.     The  earls  of  Chester,  in  particular,  might  be  called  little  kings, 
as  they  possessed  a  parliament  of  their  own  and  other  jura  regaUa  in  the 
Palatinate.     And  if  the  earldom  had  lasted  a  little  longer  than  it  did,  they 
must  have  succeeded  to  the  throne  of  Scotland.    John,  sumamed  Scot,  the 
last  earl,  pre-deceased  by  many  years  Marg^aret,  Maid  of  Noirway,  who  was 
the  last  lineal  descendant  of  the  reigning  honse  in  Scotland :  otherwise, 
he  would  have  been  undoubted  heir  to  the  crown,  as  the  only  son  of  David, 
younger  brother  of  William  the  lion,  grandson  of  Eing  David  I.  Earl  John 
died  young  and  without  issue  in  1287,  leaving  fom*  sisters  his  coheirs,  three 
of  whom  were  mothers,  respectively,  of  the  Batiol,  Bmce,  and  Hastmgs 
families,  who  became  principal  claimants  to  the  vacant  throne.   The  fatality 
which  at  this  time  pursued  the  ro]^  family  of  Scotland  ia  probably  without 
a  parallel.    Within  eighty  years  after  the  death  of  King  William  in  1214, 
not  one  of  his  descendants  survived,  though  in  the  interval  there  had  been 
four  generations  of  them  and  nine  marriages.     Passmg  on  to  the  earls  of 
Pembroke,  we  perceive  that  this  title  was  borne  for  a  period  of  200  yeani 
by  four  famiUes,  all  famous  in  history,  in  succession,  Clare,  Marshal,  Valence, 
and  Hastings.    Of  the  last  we  have  just  spoken  in  connection  with  the 
crown  of  Scotland.    Gilbert  de  Clare,  the  first  earl  of  Pembroke,  was  a 
valiant  knight  of  the  house  of  Hertford,  to  whom  King  Henry  I.  gave 
lands  in  Wales.    And  on  the  decease  of  that  monarch,  he  siqiported,  as  we 
have  seen,  the  cause  of  Stephen.    He  had  the  surname  of  Stnmgbow, 
which  was  also  applied  to  his  son  Richard,  the  second  earl,  better  known 
as  the  conqueror  and  first  Lord  Warden  of  Ireland*    William  Marshal 
the  elder  was  chosen  Protector  of  Ibgland  during  the  minority  Off  King 
Henry  III.,  whom,  in  conjunction  with  Handle  Bliindevil,  son  and  snccea- 
sor  of  Hugh  Cyvelioc  in  the  earldom  of  Chester,  he  erofmed  at  Gloucester. 
Both  these  earls  served  the  young  king  faithfully,  the  EUarl  Marriial  con- 
ducting an  able  and  virtuous  administration  till  1219,  when  he  died;  and 
his  coadjutor  Handle,  sumamed  the  Gk)od,  commanding  the  fbrocp  whidi 
routed  the  army  of  the  French  prince  Lonia  at  the  battle  known  u 
"  Lincoln  Fair."    Aymer  de  Valence,  second  earl  ef  hb  name,  was  ap- 
pointed by  Edward  I.  guardian  of  Scotland,  where  he  defeated  Bmoe  soon 
after  the  coronatk>n  of  the  latter  in  1806,  with  great  slanghter,  at  Methven. 
Six  years  afterwards  he  was  in  arms  agdnst  Edward  II.f  and  Gaveston, 
the  unworthy  favourite  of  that  king,  snrrendered  to  him  at  Scaitorongh 
Castle.    The  two  great  familiea  of  Chester  and  Pembroke,  prolonged  by 
Qent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  8  j> 


418  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  [Oct. 

females,  were  destined  to  be  united  in  the  fourteenth  century  in  the  person 
of  Elizabeth  Hastings,  who  on  her  father's  side  was  great-granddaughter 
of  Ada,  the  youngest  of  the  co-heiresses  of  the  houses  of  Chester  and 
Scotland ;  and  who,  through  her  mother  Elizabeth  Valence,  stood  in  the 
same  degree  of  relationship  to  Joane  Marshal,  co-heiress  of  the  second 
house  of  Pembroke,  and  likewise  to  Isabella,  ex- Queen  of  England.  From 
this  Elizabeth  Hastings,  Margery  Grey,  who  became  the  wife  of  Richard 
St.  Barbe,  was  fifth  in  descent.  A  limited  space  will  allow  of  little  more 
being  added.  But  it  is  impossible  to  pass  by  tbe  name  of  Bohan  without 
some  notice.  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford,  the  fourth  of  his 
line,  appears  in  the  table  as  the  husband  of  Elizabeth  Plantagenet,  daughter 
of  King  Edward  I. ;  he  was  a  thoroughly  English  nobleman,  and  worthily 
proved  his  lineage  from  Henry  de  Bohun,  the  first  earl,  who  had  been  one 
of  the  twenty-four  colleagues  of  the  second  William  Marshal,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  appointed  to  preserve  the  privileges  of  Magna  Charta.  Earl 
Humphrey,  supported  by  Roger  Bigod,  Earl  of  Norfolk  and  Marshal  of 
England,  boldly  and  successfully  resisted  the  will  of  a  powerful  sovereign, 
who  was  bent  on  abridging  the  wholesome  liberties  of  the  people ;  and  his 
name  deserves  the  grateful  remembrance  of  the  nation.  He  was  sub- 
sequently engaged  in  a  struggle  less  honourable  to  him,  when  aiding 
Thomas  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  against  the  Despencers,  the  suc- 
cessors of  Gaveston  in  the  favour  of  King  Edward  H. ;  and  he  lost  his 
life  in  1321  at  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge,  fought  between  the  contending 
factions. 

In  concluding  these  notes  upon  the  table,  it  must  suffice  to  invite 
the  reader's  attention  to  a  few  more  of  the  names.  Eva,  the  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Dermot  Mc  Murrough,  King  of  Leinster,  was  married  to 
Richard  de  Clare  at  Waterford,  under  most  inauspicious  circumstances, 
during  the  sack  of  that  town  by  her  father  and  his  English  allies.  Geoffiy 
of  Anjou,  second  husband  of  the'^Empress  Maud,  gave  the  name  of  Flanta* 
genet  to  the  royal  dynasty  in  England,  which  was  commenced  by  his  son 
King  Henry  II.  Ffoulk,  king  of  Jerusalem,  father  of  Earl  GeoflFiy,  re- 
minds us  of  the  Crusades,  with  which  another  name,  once  before  referred 
to,  a  greater  than  Ffoulk's,  is  also  associated.  This  is  Handle  Blundevil, 
Earl  of  Chester,  who  embraced  the  Cross  in  the  reign  of  Richard  Coeur 
de  Lion ;  but  he  was  prevented  for  the  time  from  prosecuting  his  design, 
by  the  necessity  of  opposing  the  treacherous  proceedings  of  John  against 
the  absent  king.  The  good  earl,  however,  lived  to  fulfil  his  purpose  of 
visiting  the  Holy  Land,  and  to  return  home  during  the  reign  of  Henry  HI. 
Lastly,  let  us  say  of  Eleanor,  the  loving  queen  of  Edward  I.,  that  she 
added  lustre  to  her  royal  husband's  descendants,  being  herself  a  not  un- 
worthy daughter  of  a  race  of  kings  in  Castile  and  Navarre  reaching  back 
to  the  times  of  our  Alfred.  E.  H.  M.  S. 


jT 


I860.] 


419 


HISTORICAL  AKD  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


The  Poem  of  the  Book  of  Job  done 
info  English    Verse.      By   the   Eabl  of 
WiNcniLSEA   (late  Viscount  Miudstone). 
(London :  Smith,  Elder,  and  Co.) — Those 
who  are  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  our 
older  literature  will  appreciate  this  book, 
while  those  whose  reading  is  only  of  the 
prevalent  modern  description  will  proba- 
bly turn  from  it  with  a  jest  or  a  sneer ; 
aud  as  the  one  is  a  very  select  body, 
while  the  name  of  the  other  is  legion,  it 
is  a  sign  of  no  little  moral  courage  when 
a  man  of  unquestionable  abilities  and  cul- 
tivated taste  ventures  to  do  what  Lord 
Winchilsea  has  done,  and  has  done  well. 
A   sacred  poem   in  ballad  metre  to  the 
great  body  of  readers  of  the  present  day 
must  seem  either  an  impossibility  or  an 
absurdity,  and  the  writer  who  attempts 
it  must  make  up  his  mind  to  be  treated 
accordingly,  but  we  have  before  us  proof 
positive  that  it  is  neither  the  one  nor  the 
other.      Those  who  from  their  superior 
course  of  reading  can  refer  to  the  elder 
specimens  of  that  kind  of  composition  will 
allow  that  great  and  generous  sentiments 
may  be  clothed  in  such   garb,  and  that 
their  utterance  may  "  stir  like  a  trumpet," 
but  the  "  reading  public"  in  general  have 
no  higher  standard  for  the  ballad  than 
"  John  Gilpin/'  and  to  them  it  must  ever 
remain  inexplicable,  how  any  serious,  not 
to  say  sacred  subject,  can    be   suitably 
treated  in  such  a  form.      Consequently 
Lord    Wiuchilsea's    labours    are    hardly 
likely  to  be  appreciated  as  they  deserve, 
although  he  displays  a  wonderfully  close 
adherence  to  his  original,  and  has  really 
given  us  a  poem  to  represent  a  poem. 
In  this  point  of  fidelity  he  has  a  great 
advantage  over  the  gifted  but  unhappy 
nobleman  who  many  years  since  "versi- 
fied" a  small  portion  of  the  same  subject. 
We  allude  to  the  speech  of  Eliphaz  the 
Temanite,  which  is  thus  paraphrased  by 

Lord  Byron  in  his  "Hebrew  Melodies :" 

♦'  A  Spirit  pass'd  before  me— I  beheld 

The  face  of  Immortality  onTeU'd ; 


Deep  sleep  came  down  on  every  eye  save  mine. 
And  there  it  stood,  all  formless,  but  divine. 
Along  my  bones  the  creeping  flesh  did  quake, 
And  whilst  my  damp  hair  stiffen'd,  thus  it 

spake — 
*  Is  man  more  just  than  God  1— is  man  more 

pure, 
Than  He  who  deems  e'en  seraphs  insecure  ! 
Creatures  of  clay,  vain  dwellers  in  the  dust  I 
The  moth  survives  yon,  and  are  ye  more  justt 
Things  of  a  day  I  you  wither  e'er  the  night, 
Heedless  and  blind  to  Wisdom's  wasted  light.' " 

This  is  elegant,  we  allow,  but  a  glance  at 
our  English  version  (ch.  iv.  verses  12 — 21) 
will  shew  that  Lord  Winchilsea  has  studied 
that  more  closely,  and  more  reverently. 
Let  the  following  passage  be  read,  with 
a  calm  unbiassed  judgment,  which  refuses 
to  be  carried  away  by  the  glitter  of  great 
names,  and  we  venture  to  think  that  it 
will  be  pronounced  infinitely  more  faith- 
ful ;  and,  as  exhibiting  a  rare  command  of 
language,  and  a  true  feeling  of  the  force 
of  the  original,  we  hesitate  not  to  call 
it  dignified : — 

"  Now  a  wondrous  thing  was  told  to  me, 

In  secret  was  it  brought, 
And  mine  ear  received  somewhat  thereof 

As  I  lay  entranced  in  thought. 
In  the  visions  of  the  night  it  came, 

When  all  things  are  at  rest ; 
When  deep  sleep  falleth  upon  men 

With  daily  toil  oppressed. 
Fear  came  upon  my  spirit, 

And  terror  made  me  quake. 
And  caused  my  limbs  to  tremble, 

And  all  my  bones  to  shake ! 
Before  my  face  a  spirit  pass'd. 

And  each  particular  hair 
Stood  up  upon  my  creeping  flesh, 

And  I  stood  trembling  there. 
And  there  it  stood  severe  and  still, 

But  I  could  not  discern 
Its  form  or  its  similitude, 

Or  its  proportions  learn  : 
An  image  was  before  mine  eyes, 

And  silence  was  around— 
And  I  heard  a  voice  which  said  to  me— 

'  Shall  mortal  man  be  found 
More  pure  than  God  his  Maker— 

Than  the  great  King  more  Just, 
Who  with  folly  charged  His  angels, 

And  in  seraphs  put  no  trust  1 
Then  how  much  less  in  them  that  dwell 

In  houses  made  of  clay, 
Whose  foundation  lieth  in  the  dost. 


^0 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Oct. 


Where  moths  do  fret  and  fray ; 
Which  are  destroy^  i  from  the  mom 

Till  evening  every  day  1 
They  perish  without  wisdom, 

They  wither  without  wit  j 
Their  excellence  departs— they  die — 

And  none  regardeth  it.' " 

We  have  quoted  tlus  passage,  not  as  by 
any  means  the  best  in  the  book,  but  as 
affording  a  means  of  comparison ;  and  we 
conceive  that  it  alone  is  sufficient  abun- 
dantly to  justify  the  very  modest  hope 
with  which  Lord  Winohilsea  concludes 
his  preface : — 

"  If  it  be  thought  by  good  judges  that 
I  have  given  a  version  of  this  incompara- 
ble poem  after  the  manner  of  Clement 
Marot,  rather  than  that  of  Stemhold  and 
Hopkins,  and  that  I  have  succeeded  in 
catching  somewhat  of  the  spirit,  without 
departing  too  widely  from  the  text  of  the 
original,  I  shall  have  attained  the  object 
of  my  wishes,  and  have  done  some  service 
to  the  public." 

A  service  to  the  public  his  Lordship  has 
certainly  rendered ;  we  only  hope  that  he 
has  philosophy  enough  to  be  satisfied  with 
the  appreciation  of  the  select  few,  for 
anything  like  general  popularity  we  fear 
he  is  not  likely  to  attain — at  least  not 
until  a  very  decided  improvement  is 
effected  in  the  tastes  of  the  many;  but 
if  he  should  happily  have  any  share  in 
bringing  about  such  a  change  he  will  have 
great  reason  to  think  that  his  labour  on 
the  oldest  poem  in  the  world  has  not  been 
ill  bestowed. 


Collectanea  ArUiqua,  Part  III.,  Vol. 
V.  By  Chables  Roach  Smith.  (Printed 
for  the  Subscribers  only,  and  not  pub- 
lished.)— A  mere  enumeration  of  the  con- 
tents of  this  Part  Lb  all  that  it  will  be 
necessary  to  g^ve,  in  order  to  shew  that 
Mr.  Roach  Smith  continues  his  labours 
with  his  accustomed  zeal  and  success. 
"Anglo-Saxon  Remains  found  in  Kent 
and  Lincolnshire,"  "  Fibulee  discovered  in 
the  Crimea,"  "Roman  Monuments  at 
Lincoln,"  "  Roman  Remains  at  Ancaster, 
Linoolnslure,"  "  Monument  of  the  Daugh- 
ter of  a  Romano-Qaulish  Potter,"  "  Roman 
Monuments  illustrative  of  Social  and  Do- 
mestic Life,"  and  *'  Rare  and  Inedited 
Roman   Coins,"  such   are   the   subjects 


treated  on,  illustrated  by  several  wood- 
cuts, and  ten  pages  of  plates,  many  of 
them  coloured.  To  give  any  idea  of  the 
real  value  and  interest  of  the  papers,  it  is 
necessary  to  have  the  illustrations  before 
the  eye,  and  as  we  cannot  offer  them  to 
our  readers,  we  will  do  what  will  be  eren 
better — we  will  heartily  advise  them  to 
become  subscribers  to  the  series — assnring 
them  that  they  will  be  certain  at  all  times 
to  get  money*s  worth  for  their  money. 


Canterbury  in  the  Olden  IHme.  By 
JoHy  Brent,  F.S.A. 

Felix  Summerley's  handbook  to  Can^ 
terhury.  Edited  by  the  same.  (London : 
Bell  and  Daldy.) 

Mb.  Bbent  has  in  the  first  of  these 
little  works  reproduced  a  paper  of  his 
published  some  years  since  in  the  Journal 
of  the  British  Association,  bnt  with  so 
many  additions  as  almost  to  constitute  a 
new  work.  He  has  treated  our  old  friend 
Felix  Summerley  in  very  much  the  Mime 
style,  and  the  result  is,  that  we  have  a 
fiUl  account,  not  only  of  the  edifices  of 
the  metropolitan  city  of  Canterbury  as 
they  exist  at  the  present  time,  which 
must  be  very  useful  to  visitors^  but  also 
many  curious  extracts  firom  the  corpora- 
tion  records,  selected  with  the  discrimina- 
tion that  might  be  expected  from  a  prac- 
tised antiquary,  which  we  know  Mr.  Brent 
to  be.  A  plan  of  the  city,  another  of  the 
cathedral,  giving  the  places  of  the  most 
remarkable  tombs,  and  several  eng^vings 
of  remarkable  objects,  render  this  Yolume 
attractive  as  well  as  useftd. 


Madrat  and  CuddeUore  mi  the  iaH  CSm- 
tury,  [▲.D.  1726 — 1752].  (London :  Long- 
mans.)— This  work  consists  mainly  of  a 
selection  from  the  journals  and  letters  of 
the  early  missionaries  of  the  Christian 
Knowledge  Society,  as  Schultze,  Sartorin% 
and  Fabricius,  apparently  as  good  and 
simple-minded  men  as  ever  eng^aged  in 
missionary  work.  It  is  not  as  an  accoont 
of  the  South  of  India  that  the  book  can 
be  recommended,  as  its  notices  are  Tery 
incomplete  and  fragmentary,  but  it  hM 
an  interest  of  its  own  in  the  autobiogra- 
phic sketches  of  the  good  Oermana.    We 


I860.] 


Encyclopadia  Britannica. 


421 


have  them  depicting  their  dread  of  "  the 
wild  sea"  before  setting  out ;  their  forlorn 
voyages,  crowded  in  the  hold  among  the 
sailors,  and,  from  the  one  party  knowing 
no  English  and  the  other  no  German, 
with  no  one  to  speak  to;  their  discomfort 
at  first  with  "the  way  of  life  in  India, 
which  is  quite  different  from  that  of 
Fatherland;"  their  contest  with  "the 
devil  on  the  one  hand  and  the  papists  on 
the  other ;"  their  frequent  want  of  **  bis- 
cuit and  other  things  that  Europeans  are 
accustomed  to," — all  these  matters,  and 
many  more,  told  to  mothers  and  sisters 
and  college  friends,  and  told  as  only  quiet 
men  suddenly  landed  in  another  world  can 
tell  them,  will  repay  perusal. 

But  though  we  speak  well  of  the  book, 
we  have  a  serious  ground  of  complaint 
against  its  compiler.  In  an  account  of  a 
fciirful  tempest  in  Bengal  in  1737,  he  says 
(p.  173)  that  "  mention  was  made  of  it  in 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1738, 
(the  first  year  of  its  publication)."  Now 
we  are  above  the  affectation  of  juvenility, 
and  must  set  him  right  by  saying  that  we 
made  our  firat  bow  to  our  patrons  in  Jan- 
uary, 1731,  and  that  the  account  referred 
to  appeared  in  our  eighth  volume,  at 
p.  321. 


mystery,  may  not  be  inconceivable  as  facts, 
apparent  to  our  reason,  or  revealed  to  our 
faith." 


An  Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  the  Belief 
in  Predestination.  By  F.  W.  Cronhelm. 
(Uivingtons.) — The  object  of  this  Inquiry 
is  to  shew  that  the  belief  in  predestination 
has  originated  in  misconceptions  of  the 
Divine  Eternity,  and  of  the  Divine  Fore- 
knowledge, and  that  a  doctrine  so  contrary 
to  the  intuitive  sense  of  moral  responsi- 
bility, and  the  plain  declarations  of  Scrip- 
ture, could  never  have  been  established, 
did  it  not  involve  "a  gratified  sense  of 
favouritism  and  soperiority  in  the  notion 
of  being  one  of  the  predestined  elect." 
Mr.  Mansers  "Bampton  Lectures"  are 
censured  as  making  dangerous  concessions 
to  Rationalism,  and  their  writer  is  accused 
of  using  the  words  "incomprehensible" 
and  "  inconceivable"  as  synonymous,  "  not- 
witlistanding  the  material  distinction  that 
exists  between  them."  "Things  incom- 
prehensible in  their  infinitude,  or  in  their 


The  Question:  "Are  there  any  Com^ 
mensurable  Relations  between  a  Circle 
and  other  Geometrical  Figures!"  An' 
swered  by  a  Member  of  the  British 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  (London :  R.  Griffin  and  Co.) — 
The  story  goes  that  an  undergraduate 
once  boasted  of  having  read  through 
"  Euclid"  in  half-an-hour,  and,  what  was 
more  wonderful,  found  it  very  entert^n- 
ing.  When  asked  how  he  had  managed 
it,  he  r<  plied  that  he  had  left  out  "all  the 
A.S  and  B.s  and  scratches."  Here  is  a 
shilling  pamphlet  on  which  the  reader 
may  try  the  experiment.  It  boldly  chal- 
lenges the  assent  of  all,  whether  mathe- 
matical or  non-mathematical,  and  is  the 
neatest  specimen  of  "Euclid  for  the 
Million"  that  we  have  yet  seen.  The 
tremendous  fiourish  of  trumpets  with 
which  it  opens  leads  one  to  expect  some- 
thing very  wonderftd, — and  wonderful  in- 
deed is  the  author's  good  opinion  of  him- 
self. He  says  he  knows  that  the  "highest 
authorities"  are  against  him,  "but  the 
highest  authorities  are  nothing  to  him :" 
Galileo  was  opposed  by  the  highest  autho- 
rities, and  pray  who  was  right  P  And,  after 
a  great  deal  of  such  verbiage  as  this,  what 
does  his  grand  discovery  amount  to? 
Simply  this.  The  despised  "  highest  autho- 
rities" agree  that  the  ratio  of  the  cir- 
cumference of  a  circle  to  its  diameter  lies 
between  3^  and  3j;  our  new  light  splits 
the  difference,  and  declares  it  to  be  3|, 
which  any  child  could  do  by  a  mere  guess, 
without  any  of  the  "A.s  and  B.s  and 
scratches"  of  which,  however,  he  is  so 
fond  that  he  parades  them  again  and 
again,  the  same  diagram  doing  duty  three 
times  over. 


Encyclopotdia  Britannica,  Vol.  XX. 
(Edinburgh:  A.  and  C.  Black.)— This 
great  work  is  steadily  approaching  com- 
pletion, though  the  new  volume  only 
brings  us  to  the  close  of  letter  S.  It  con- 
tuns  several  articles  that  chance  to  have 


422 


MisceUanemu  Reviews. 


[Oct 


a  peculiar  interest  at  the  present  time» 
as  Seamanship,  Ship-hailding,  Steam, 
Steam  Eng^e,  and  Steam  Navigation. 
To  say  that  all  these  are  treated  in  a  frill 
and  satisfactory  manner  is  only  to  do  bare 
jostice;  illustrations,  both  on  steel  and 
on  wood,  are  liberally  supplied,  and  in  the 
last  named  article  wo  have  some  valuable 
tables,  which  exhibit  an  almost  incredible 
amount  of  detul  regarding  our  steam 
fleet,  whether  mercantile  or  belonging  to 
the  Royal  Navy.  The  article  on  Sicily, 
as  well  as  that  on  Spain,  will  well  repay 
perusal. 


Footprints  on  the  Sands  of  Time,  Bio- 
graphies for  Young  People,  Dedicated  to 
her  Nephews  and  Nieces  by  L.  E.  6. 
(Oxford  and  London:  J.  H.  and  Jas. 
Parker.) — "Aunt  Lucy,"  we  believe,  is 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Bishop  of  London. 
It  would  be  well  if  all  young  people  had  so 
kind  and  clever  a  relative.  Alfred: the 
Great,  Bernard  Gilpin,  the  Chevalier 
Bayard,  and  Blaise  Pascal  are  charmingly 
depicted.  Wo  should,  in  one  sense,  do 
the  authoress  an  injustice  if  we  called  at- 
tention to  any  passages  in  particular,  for 
the  whole  is  most  graceiully  written,  and 
we  would  wish  no  better  present  for  an 
intelligent  child  than  this  pretty  but  still 
cheap  work. 


those  to  whom  they  have  not  the  cSuurm 
of  novelty  will  be  gratified  by  the  mode  of 
treatment. 


The  Addresses  to  Candidates  for  Ordi- 
nation,  by  the  Bishop  of  Oxford^  recently 
noticed  by  us%  have  reached  a  seoond 
edition,  to  which  a  new  address  on  Dili* 
gence  in  Study  has  been  added. 


Blackie's  Comprehensive  HiHory  cf 
Indiat  Nos.  81  to  34^  carry  on  their  tele 
from  the  relief  of  Vellore  in  1781  to  the 
appointment  of  Sir  John  Shore  as  Ckk> 
vemor-General  in  1793.  The  death  oi 
Hyder  Ali,  the  barbarity  of  Tippoo  Saib^ 
and  his  humiliation  by  the  Marquis  Com- 
wallis,  are  clearly  told,  and  the  parts  are^ 
as  usual,  well  illustrated. 


Lucia's  Marriage;  or.  The  Lions  of 
Wady-Araha,  is  the  title  of  one  of  the 
latest  of  the  series  of  "  Historical  Tales." 
(J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.)  It  is  a  tale  of 
the  Decian  persecution,  and  relates  the 
sufferings  and  eventual  preservation  of 
a  Christian  family  banished  to  the  Desert, 
**  the  barren  and  dry  land  where  no  water 
is,"  where  David  of  old  found  refuge. 
The  descriptions  of  Petra  and  other  rock 
cities  w^ill  be   new   to  many,  and  even 


Practical  Elementary  Exercises  im  the 
Art  of  Thinking  J  being  an  Jntrodmctiam 
to  Composition  and  Logieal  Analysis, 
By  Chablsb  Schaiblb,  Ph.D.»  &c  (Lon- 
don :  Aylott  and  Son.) — ^Dr.  Schuble,  who 
is  an  Examiner  in  the  College  of  Precep- 
tors, thinks  that  ordinary  school  tasks  are 
calculated  to  furnish  words  rather  than 
ideas.  He  has  therefore  compiled  his 
book  with  the  view  of  remedying  thi% 
by  giving  to  the  young  the  means  of  col- 
tivating  then:  reason,  and  thus  "  enabling 
them  at  an  early  age  to  think  in  an  exact, 
careful,  and  thorough  manner."  His  book 
is  divided  into  two  Courses ;  I.  of  ICaterials 
for  Ideas;  IL  their  Development ;  the  ex- 
ercises are  carefully  graduated  in  the  scale 
of  difficulty,  and  Uie  work  can  hardly  fkil. 
in  the  hands  of  an  intelligent  teacher,  (it 
will  suit  no  other,  for  it  is  by  no  m«ayn 
complete,)  to  be  of  real  use  in  adyanetng 
the  much  neglected  "  art  of  tlunking.' 


n 


*  OufT.  Mao.,  March,  isao,  p.  28S. 


I860.] 


423 


BIRTHS. 


June  16.  At  the  Parsonage,  Dunedin,  Otaffo, 
New  Zealand,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  E.  G.  Ed- 
wards, a  dau. 

July  8.  At  Shajehanpore,  Rohilkund,  the  wife 
of  Patrick  Uunter,  esq.,  Capt.  22nd  Regt.,  a  son. 
July  20.  At  Murrce-hilla,  Punjaub,  the  wife 
of  Beauchamp  Colclough  Urquhart,  esq.,  younger 
of  Meldrom  and  Byth,  H.M.'s  Bengal  Army, 
a  son. 

July  22.  At  Bunnoo,  Fonjaab,  the  wife  of 
Licut.-Col.  George  W.  G.  Green,  C.B.,  2nd 
Bengal  Fusiliers,  a  dau. 

July  31.  At  Trichinopoly,  the  wife  of  Capt. 
Dangerfleld,  Madras  Artillery,  a  son. 

Aug.  3.  At  St.  Georgfe's,  Bermuda,  the  wife 
of  Capt.  Hawtayne,  39th  Regt.,  Fort  Adjutant, 
a  son. 

Aug.  13.  At  Malta,  the  wife  of  Benj.  Wilson 
Pidcock,  esq.,  Naval  Storekecperof  H.M.'s  Dock- 
yard, a  dau. 

Aug.  14.  In  Paradise-row,  Chester,  the  wife 
of  Thomas  Uughes,  esq.,  Hon.  Sec.  Chester 
Archtcological  Society,  a  son. 

Aug.  15.  At  Netherseale-old-hall,  Leicester- 
shire, the  wife  of  Capt.  H.  Bagot,  R.N.,  a  son. 

Aug.  16.  At  the  residence  of  H.  W.  Hall, 
esq.,  n.M.'s  Dockyard,  Portsmouth,  the  widow 
of  John  James  PoUexfen,  esq.,  of  the  15th  Native 
RcKt.,  Bombay  Army,  a  son. 

Aug.  17.  At  Warwick,  the  wife  of  John  Tibbits, 
M.D.,  a  son. 

At  Lj-tton-house,  Hurleston,  near  Nantwich, 
the  wife  of  Hugh  Martin,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Aug.  18.  At  Beauchief-abbey,  Derbyshire,  the 
residence  of  her  mother,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
C.  A.  Assheton  Craven,  Chaplain  to  the  Forces, 
a  son. 

At  Maj-fleld-vicarage,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Allen  Windle,  a  son. 

Aug.  19.  At  Stoke,  Devonport,  the  wife  of 
Horatio  N.  Kippen,  esq.,  Capt.  2nd  Battalion 
12th  Regt.,. a  son. 

A  ug.  20.  The  wife  of  Richard  F.  Jones,  esq., 
of  Fir-grove,  Claughton,  Cheshire,  a  dau. 

Aug.  21.  At  Blyth-hall,  near  Coleshill,  War- 
wickshire, the  wife  of  J.  D.  Wingfleld  Digby, 
Ci!>q.,  a  dau. 

At  the  Firs,  Bowden,  Cheshire,  the  wife  of 
Leslie  J.  Monteflore,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Chiddingstone,  the  wife  of  H.  D.  Streat- 
feiUl,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  22.  At  West-court,  Berkshire,  Lady 
Perry,  a  dau. 

At  the  Terrace,  Kennington-park,  the  wife  of 
James  Barclay,  esq.,  a  son. 

Aug.  23.  At  Heath-lodge,  the  wife  of  Col. 
Poulctt  Somerset,  M.P. ,  a  son. 

At  Putney,  the  wife  of  Major  Greville,  a  son. 

Aug,  2A.    In   Merrion-eq.  East,  Dublin,  the 


wife  of  Major  M'Mahon,  14th  (King's)  Light 
Dragoons,  a  son. 

Aug.  21.  At  Titness-park,  Sunning-hill,  Berk- 
shire, Lady  Margaret  Charteris,  a  dau. 

At  Crofton-house,  South  Hants,  the  wife  of 
Major  Wingate,  a  dau. 

At  Sheemess,  the  wife  of  J.  Whittall,  esq., 
R.N.,  a  son. 

Atig.  28.  In  Green-st.,  Lady  Harriet  Went- 
worth,  a  dau. 

At  Somerleyton-hall,  Suffolk,  Lady  Feto,  a 
dau. 

At  Barnstaple,  the  wife  of  Capt.  J.  Norris 
Marshall,  of  the  Devon  Artillery,  a  dau. 

At  Ashreigney-rectory,  the  We  of  the  Rev. 
R.  L.  Palmer-Sambome,  a  dau. 

Aug.  29.  At  Burcombe-parsonage,  Salisbury, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  £.  F.  Trotman,  a  dau. 

At  Westbourne-grove  West,  Bayswater,  the 
wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  E.  F.  Bonrchier,  C.B.,  Royal 
Engineers,  a  son. 

Aug.  30.  At  Langham-hall,  the  wife  of  Fuller 
Maitland  Wilson,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Nuthurst-rectory,  Sussex,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  J.  O.  McCarogher,  a  son. 

In  Farncombe-pl.,  near  Godalming,  the  wife 
of  R.  W.  Wilbraham,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Aug.  31.  At  Welham,  near  Malton,  the  wife 
of  Digby  Cayley,  esq.,  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  Ridley  Thompson,  esq.,  Faston- 
hall,  Peterborough,  a  son. 

At  Mitcham,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Edward  Mar- 
shall, esq.,  a  son. 

At  Wareside-parsonagc,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
R.  Higgens,  a  dau. 

Sept.  1.  At  Dunskey,  N.B.,  Lady^onter  Blair, 
a  son. 

Sept.  3.  In  Oxford-sq.,  Hyde-pk.,  (the  residence 
of  her  mother,  Lady  Grant,)  the  wife  of  Clinton 
F.  Henshaw,  esq.,  Rifle  Brigade,  a  dau. 

In  Eaton-sq.,  Lady  Scott,  a  son. 

At  Starcross,  Devon,  the  wife  of  Walter  C. 
Radcliffe,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Dover,  the  wife  of  Capt.  EIUb,  60th  Rifles, 
a  dau. 

Sept.  4.    The  Lady  Catherine  Wheble,  a  son. 

In  John-8t.,  Berkeley-sq.,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Sydney  Scroggs,  a  son. 

The  wife  of  Mf^or  Peirse,  District  Staff,  Min- 
ster-yard, York,  a  son. 

At  Wroughton-house,  Wilts,  the  wife  of  C.  S. 
Hawkins,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Kelvin-grove,  Bridge  of  Allan,  N.B.,  the 
wife  of  Capt.  W.  Wilson,  H.M.'s  Ist  Bombay 
Grenadier  Regt.,  a  son. 

Sept.  5.  In  Tork-pl.,  Edinburgh,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  Gibson  Stott,  92nd  Highlanders,  a  dau. 

In  Glouce«ter-pl.,  Portman-sq.,  the  wife  of  Sir 
Charles  R.  McGrigor,  bart.,  a  son. 


424 


Marriages. 


[Oct 


At  North  Rancton,  Norfolk,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Hay  Gumey,  a  son. 

Sept.  6.  At  Eastwood-pk.,  Gloacestershire, 
Lady  Jenkinson,  a  son. 

At  Walmer,  Kent,  the  wife  of  Major  Castle, 
a  son. 

At  Beachfleld,  Sandown,  Isle  of  Wight,  the 
wife  of  Thomas  Webster,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Westboume-pk.,  the  wife  of  Colonel  W, 
Tolland,  of  the  Royal  Engineers,  a  dau.,  still- 
bom. 

Sept.  7.  At  Aldershot,  the  wife  of  Major 
Jenyns,  C.B.,  18th  Hussars,  a  dau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Colwick,  the  wife  of  the  Rer. 
W.  J.  Mellor,  a  dau. 

At  Somerby,  Leicestershire,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hy. 
Forester,  a  son. 

At  Qucen's-rd.,  RegentVpk.,  the  wife  of  Edw. 
Joseph  Thackwcll,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  late 
Capt.  50th  Foot,  a  dau. 

Sept.  8.  At  Croydon,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Bur- 
rows esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  a  dau. 

At  Luton-vale,  Chatham,  the  wife  of  Capt. 
Creyke,  R.E.,  a  dan. 

At  Cromer,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Delaval  Astlcy,  pre- 
maturely, a  son,  who  only.surTived  its  birth  a 
few  moments. 

Sept.  9.  At  Peasmarsh-yicarage,  Sussex,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  R.  lok,  a  dau. 

At  Melehbourne-vicarage,  Bedfordshire,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Lynes,  a  dau. 

Sept.  10.  At  Park-ter.,  Highbury-park,  the 
wife  of  Ellis  Fletcher,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Twickenham,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  0.  S. 
Ingram,  a  dau. 

Sept,  11.  In  Grosvenor-eq.,  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Ryder,  a  dau. 

Sept.  12.  At  Ockbrook- vicarage,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Mc'hille  H.  Scott,  a  son. 

In  Ely-pl.,  Holbom,  the  wife  of  Thomas  J. 
Jcrwood,  e!<q.,  a  son. 

Sept.  13.  At  tho  Parsonage,  East  Molesey,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  G.  Jervis,  a  dau. 

At  the  Holt,  Hants,  the  wife  of  Laurance 
Williams,  esq.,  of  the  5th  West  York  Regt., 
a  duu. 

Sept.  14.  At  Barnes,  the  wife  of  C.  Campbell 
Prinsep,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  Grcen-st.,  the  wife  of  Henry  0.  Currie,  esq., 
a  son. 


At  Pembury-vicaragc,  Kent,  the  wife  of  tiM 
Rev.  George  Stephen  Woodgate,  a  aon. 

At  Park-house,  South  Kensington,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  Fowke,  R.E.,  a  dau. 

At  Wiston-rectory,   Soseex,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  C.  W.  A.  Napier,  a  son. 

At  Osbome-villa,  Bowden,  Cheshire,  the  wifo 
of  Sigrismund  Schloss,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Norwich,  the  wife  of  J.  B.  Morgan,  eeq., 
a  son. 

Sept.  15.    At  Leyton,  the  wife  of  Roger  Cim- 
lifTe,  jun.,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Oddington-reetory,  near  Oxford,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  George  Fetch,  a  dau. 

In  Stanley-gardens,  Koisington-park,  the  wife 
of  Capt  Clipperton,  a  dau. 

At  Woodridings,  Pinner,  the  wife  of  J.  B. 
Cartwright,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Frankfort-on-the-Maine,  the  wife  of  Adcdph 
Hahn,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Barrack-house,  Colohester,  the  wife  of  J.  T. 
Craster,  esq.,  Capt.  38th  Regt.,  a  dau. 

Sept.  16.    At  Buckland-court,  Ashlmrtoii,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  P.  Bastard,  a  dan. 

At  Gate-Helmsley,  the  wife  of  Geo.  Wilaoii, 
eeq.,  a  dau. 

At  Hillingdon-conrt,  Uzbridge,  the  Hon.  Mn. 
C.  Dunoombe,  a  dau. 

At  East-house,  Romford,  the  wife  of  Charlct 
J.  St.  Alphonse,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Sept.  17.  At  Lower-Berkeley-et.,  Portman-eq., 
the  wife  of  J.  W.  F.  Lowthrop,  eeq.,  a  ton. 

At  Derby-house,  Rock-Ferry,  Cheahire,  Hn. 
Alfred  Turner,  a  dau. 

At  Chorleywood,  Herts,  the  wife  of  William 
Longman,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Sept.  18.    At  Southampton,  the  wife  of  Joseph 
Marshall,  esq.,  M.D.,  a  son. 

At  the  Birches,  CodsaU,  Staffordshire,   Mrs. 
Thomas  Barker,  a  dan. 

At  Bell-green,  Sydenham,  the  wife  of  MafBvs 
Ohren,  esq.,  A.I.C.E.,  a  son. 

At  Mount  .Solus,  Portobello,  near  Sdinborgh, 
the  wife  of  Dr.  Home,  of  Whitfield,  a  son. 

Sept.  19.    At  Wincombe-park,  Wilt%  the  wife 
of  Charles  W.  Gordon,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Bridgnorth,  the  wife  of  the  Ber.  Samuel 
Bentley,  a  dau. 

In  Glocester-terrace,  Regent's-park,  the  wife 
of  F.  W.  Farrer,  esq.,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 


April  11.  At  Keinsdale,  Victoria,  Australia, 
Roderick  Impey  Murchison,  cfiq.,  to  his  cousin, 
Julia  Rose,  only  dau.  of  Capt.  J.  Urquhart, 
H.M.'s  27th  Regt.  (Innit^killings). 

May  19.  Richard  Augustus,  second  son  of  the 
late  Major  Chadwick,  Chetnole,  Dorset,  and 
Lieut.  M.N.I.,  to  Rachel,  eldest  dau.  of  J. 
Broderick,  esq. 

July  10.  At  Selbonme,  Charles  Augustus, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  J.  W.  C.  Walker,  esq., 

11 


of  Havant,  to  Annie,  only  ohild  of  Wm.  Bildgcr, 
esq.,  Oakhanger,  Hants. 

July  28.  At  MUvertoD,  Somerset,  William 
Hcwett  Manley,  esq.,  of  Bridpert,  Dorset,  to 
Jemima,  second  dan.  of  George  Leekcy,  esq., 
of  Milverton. 

July  30.  At  Fomcett,  E.  PhiBippo,  esq.,  to 
Ann  Lain,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  WilUam  Loag , 
esq.,  of  Bunwell. 

Auy,  1.    At  Leamiogton,  Edward  Thompsoa, 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


425 


esq.,  of  Wainham -lodge,  Shrewsbury,  to  Mary, 
dau.  of  the  late  llev.  George  Weale,  Vicar  of 
Rovv-ington,  Warwickshire. 

At  Cheltenham,  Augustus  W.  Eves,  eeq.,  sur- 
geon, of  Douglas,  Icle  of  Man,  eldest  son  of  A. 
Eves,  esq.,  M.D.,  of  Cheltenham,  to  Clara,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Ridler,  esq.,  of  the  same 
place. 

At  Child  wall,  Liverpool,  Edward  Talbot,  second 
son  of  Thomai*  Baincs,  esq.,  of  London,  to  Eliz- 
abeth, only  child  of  Samuel  Job,  esq.,  of  Heath- 
field-house,  Aigburth. 

At  St.  Ann's,  Stanley,  Edward  Paul,  esq.,  of 
Laurel-road,  to  Augusta,  youngest  dau.  of  David 
Kent,  esq.,  of  Prospect- vale,  Fairfield. 

Kobcrt  Abrann,  eldest  son  of  Robert  Abram 
Welsh,  esq.,  of  Liverpool,  to  Christiana  Eliza- 
beth, youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  E.  Boyman, 
Rector  of  Croglin,  Cumberland. 

Aug.  2.  At  St.  Marylebone,  George  William, 
eldest  mn  of  George  Hammond,  esq.,  of  Port- 
land-place, Southampton,  to  Adelaide,  second 
dau.  of  W.  n.  Holmes,  esq.,  of  Beaumont-street, 
Marylebone. 

At  Serriferes,  Neuchatel,  Switzerland,  Jas.  B. 
Prowse,  esq.,  of  Clifton,  eldest  eon  of  the  late 
James  Prowse,  esq.,  of  Biistol,  and  formerly  of 
Chew  Magna,  surgeon,  to  Alice  Agnes  Wylde, 
of  Chewstoke,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel 
Guildford  Wait,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  Blagdon. 

At  Marlborough,  Wilts,  the  Rev.  Franck 
Shum,  only  son  of  James  Shum,  esq.,  of  Kirby- 
le-Sokcn,  Essex,  to  Sarah  Jane,  only  child  of  the 
late  Thos.  Seager  Grundy,  esq.,  of  Marlborough. 

A  ug.  4.  At  Hove,  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Joshua 
M.  Vaughan,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.Yaughan, 
of  Regent's-park,  to  Emily  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of 
£.  Landell,  esq.,  of  Clapham. 

Aug.  6.  At  Liverpool,  Robert  Kennedy,  esq., 
of  -Her  Majesty's  Customs,  to  Margaret,  dau.  of 
Michael  CuUen,  esq.,  of  Carnarvon. 

At  Charlcombe,  Charles  Grant  Watter,  esq., 
B.A.,  of  H.M.'s  Indian  Civil  Service,  to  Cathe- 
rine Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph 
CuBWort,  New  Kingswood  College,  Bath. 

Aug.  7.  At  Camberwell,  the  Rev.  B.  Hichens, 
youngest  son  of  W.  Hichens,  esq.,  of  St.  Ives,  to 
Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Oldham, 
Chaplain  of  Dulwich  College. 

At  Paddington,  Capt.  Jacob  William  Hinde,  of 
Elmc-grove,  Dawlish,  late  of  the  1 5th  Hussars, 
to  Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel  Wilson, 
esq.,  of  Gortmore,  Omagh,  co.  Tyrone. 
'  At  St.  Anne's,  Brookfield,  Highgate-rise,  the 
Rev.  Cornelius  Hargrave  Crooke,  Principal  of 
King  Alfred's  College,  Wantage,  Berks,  to 
Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
Booth  llibbert.  Vicar  of  South  Cockerington, 
Lincolnshire. 

At  St.  James's,  Notting-hill,  the  Rev.  John 
Sheffield  Cox,  Rector  of  Sibson,  Leicestershire, 
to  Mary,  relict  of  Major  Constantine  Teoman, 
and  d;iu.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Crigan,  Vicar  of  Riccall 
and  Skipwith. 

.Vt  Parhan>,  the  Rev.  A.  F.  Birch,  Fellow  of 
King's  College,  Cambridge,  to  Isabella  Anne, 
ouly  dau.  of  F.  Corranee,  esq.,  of  Parham-haU. 

G£2<T.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


At  Alverstoke,  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Lay,  only  son 
of  the  late  H.  Lay,  esq.,  of  Wangford,  to  Emily 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Baynton, 
R.N. 

At  St.  James*!,  Piccadilly,  R.  A.  Benson,  of 
the  Inner  Temple,  barrister-at-law,  eldest  son  of 
M.  G.  Benson,  esq.,  of  Lutwyche-hall,  Salop,  to 
Henrietta  Selina,  only  dau.  of  C.  R.  Cockerell, 
esq.,  R.A.,  FresideDt  of  the  Royal  Institute  of 
British  Architects. 

At  St.  John's,  Roundhay,  near  Leeds,  Wm.  J. 
Armitage,  esq.,  second  son  of  J.  Armitage,  esq., 
of  Farnley-hall,  near  Leeds,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau. 
of  W.  N.  Nidiolson,  esq.,  of  Roundhay-park. 

At  Knoxland,  John  Ireland  Blackbume,  of 
Chester,  third  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas 
Blackbume,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Prestwieh,  Lan- 
cashire, to  Mary,  younger  dau.  of  Robert  Bu- 
chanan, esq.,  of  Knoxland,  Dumbartonshire. 

Aug.  8.  At  Parsonstown,  Gilbert  de  Lacy 
Lacy,  esq.,  of  H.M.'s  12th  Regiment,  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  Charles  Lacy,  Rector  of  AUhallows, 
London-wall,  to  Maria,' eldest  dau.  of  Lieut. -Col. 
Manners,  late  59th  Regt.,  of  Chesterfield,  King's 
County. 

At  North  Tawton,  Devon,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Hole,  Rector  of  North  Tawton,  to  Kate,  eldest 
dau.  of  D.  Fulford,  esq,  of  tlie  same  place. 

At  MUnsbridge,  George  Buchanan,  esq.,  C.E., 
of  D'Urban-house,  Forest-hill,  Kent,  second  son 
of  the  late  John  Buchanan,  esq.,  of  Lisnamallard, 
CO.  Tyrone,  to  Gertrude,  third  dau.  of  George 
Armitage,  esq.,  J.P.,  of  liOnsbridge  -  house, 
Yorkshire. 

Aug.  9.  At  Islington,  A.  Barlow,  esq.,  late  of 
Bandarrah-river,  N.S.W.,  to  Harriott,  eldest 
dau.  of  Daniel  Harvey,  esq.,  of  Canonbury, 
Islington. 

Aug.  14.  At  Crewkeme,  the  Rev.  W.  J.  G. 
Bluett,  B.A.,  of  TormartoD,  Gloucestershire, 
second  son  of  P.  F.  Bluett,  esq.,  late  of  Hoi- 
combe-court,  Devonshire,  to  Caroline  Rosa,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  Wills,  esq.,  of  Crewkeme. 

At  Croydon,  Thomas  May  Dnnster,  esq.,  to 
Lucretia  Ann,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Dawson,  esq.,  and  niece  of  Mrs.  Robinson  of 
Croydon. 

At  West  Lavington,  Wilts,  Mr.  Edward  Henrj 
Frewin,  of  Craven-place,  Westboume-terr.,  to 
Argentine,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edw.  Wilton, 
M.A.,  Master  of  the  Endowed  Free  Grammar- 
school,  West  Lavington. 

Aug.  15.  At  Paddington,  the  Rev.  J.  Godding, 
Incumbent  of  Homerton,  Bfiddlesex,  to  Agnes 
Sophia,  dan.  of  Gen.  Sir  J.  W.  Sleigh,  K.C.B., 
Col.  of  H.M.'s  9th  Lancers. 

At  East  Peckham,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Henry 
Tarlton,  Incumbent  of  Stroud,  Gloucestershire, 
to  Sophia  Aagusta,  youngest  daH.  of  William 
Cook,  esq.,  of  Roydon-hall,  Kent. 

At  Clithero,  Lancashire,  William  Wheeler, 
esq.,  of  Chatbnm,  Lancashire,  to  Rosalie,  third 
dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Cecil  Oreene,  Rector  of 
Fishbonme,  Sussex. 

At  Cheltenham,  Capt.  G.  A.  Arbuthnot,  H.M.'s 
8th  Regt.  Madras  IJght  Cavalry,  eldest  son  of 
Col.  G.  B.  Arbuthnot,   H.M.'s  Madras  Light 

81 


426 


Manriaget. 


[Oct. 


Cavalry,  to  Fanny  Isabella,  eldest  dan.  of  lieut.- 
Col.  H.  Wm.  Wood,  late  of  H.M.'s  Madras  Army. 

At  East  Bilney,  the  Rev.  F.  S.  Margetts,  to 
Emma,  daa.  of  J.  Collison,  esq..  East  Bilney- 
hall,  and  Southern-lodge,  Brixton,  Sarroy. 

At  Sabdcn,  Whalley,  Lancashire,  W.  Fenwick, 
eldest  son  of  Collingwood  Forster  Jackson,  esq., 
of  Sonth  Jesmond  -  house,  near  Newcastle-on- 
Tyne,  to  Constance,  only  dau.  of  Henry  Kald, 
esq.,  of  Sabdcn,  late  of  Blackheath. 

At  Walcot  Church,  Bath,  T.  Macdonald,  only 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Butler  Parry,  esq.,  of 
Surinam,  to  Emily  Augusta,  fifth  dau.  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Gen.  Strover,  Bombay  Artillery. 

Auff.  16.  At  Bathwiok,  Wm.  James  McQrigor 
Dawn,  esq.,  late  Ist  Royal  Dragoons,  to  CecUla 
Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Archd.  Wm. 
Blane,  esq.,  formerly  Dcputy-Qovemor  of  the 
Australian  Agricultural  Company,  and  Member 
of  Council  and  Collector  of  Customs  in  the  Island 
of  Mauritius. 

At  South  Hackney,  William  Talbot  King, 
esq.,  surgeon,  of  Thurlow-pl.,  Hackney-road, 
grandson  of  the  late  Jas.  Talbot,  esq.,  of  Stan- 
ningfield-hall,  to  Lily,  only  child  of  the  late 
George  Gl>-nes,  esq.,  and  granddau.  of  James 
Little,  esq.,  of  King  Edward's -road,  South 
Hackney. 

At  Burlingham,  J.  King,  esq.,  H.M.*s  Bombay 
Civil  Service,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  King, 
President  of  Queens'  College,  Cambridge,  to 
Bosetta,  dau.  of  the  late  W.  H.  Jary,  esq.,  of 
Blofleld-lodgc,  and  sister  of  W.  H.  Jary,  esq.,  of 
Burlingham-house. 

At  Ditchingham,  C.  B.  Walton,  H.M.'8  28th 
Madras  Native  Infantry,  to  Sarah  Sophia,  second 
dau.  of  J.  L.  Bedingfcld,  esq.,  Ditohingham-hall. 

At  St.  Paul's,  Hock  Ferry,  Wm.  M.  Murdock, 
esq.,  of  Syoamore*oottage,  Ilandsvrorth,  Stafford- 
shire, to  Emily,  only  dau.  of  Henry  B.  Lee,  esq., 
of  Grecn-bank-house,  Rock  Ferry. 

Auff.  21.  At  Puddington,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Twyford  Mills,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  liaise,  Somerset, 
to  Ellon  Louisa,  dau.  of  Charles  Trevor,  esq., 
Norfolk-crescent. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  John  Richard 
W(>8tgarlh  Uildyard,  esq.,  of  Horslcy,  Durham, 
and  of  Ilutton  Bonvillc-hall,  Yorkshire,  to  Mary 
Blanche,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Digby  Ncave,  bart., 
of  Dagnam-park,  Essex. 

At  Willey,  Warwickshire,  Lionel  Mabbott, 
youngest  son  of  the  lute  John  Woodward,  esq., 
of  Strcele,  Framfleld,  Sussex,  to  Charlotte  Clara 
Morgan,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Fred.  Morgan 
Payler,  of  Willey  Rectory. 

At  Lcutherhcad,  William,  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  R. 
Lyon,  Rector  of  PuUord,  Cheshire,  to  Edith,  dau. 
of  Edgar  Corrie,  esq.,  of  Vale-lodge. 

Auff.  22.  At  New  Park-st.  Chapel,  the  ReT. 
James  Archer  Spurgeon,  minister  of  Portland 
Chapel,  Southampton,  to  Emily  Georgina,  young- 
est dau.  of  Gen.  Sir  John  F.  Burgoyne,  bart. 

At  liOe,  Kent,  James  Sidney  Hargrove,  esq., 
of  Pcmbridge-crescont,  Ba}'swater,  and  Parlia- 
ment-st.,  Westminster,  son  of  William  Hargrove, 
esq.,  St.  Mar}''s,  York,  to  Jessie,  second  dau.  of 
John  Aird,  esq.,  of  the  Grove,  Lee. 


At  Hov«,  ThomM  Frederhsk,  yooBgest  foi 
of  the  late  Edward  Wells,  esq.,  of  WalUngftiTdl, 
Berks,  to  Helen  Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  Edwsrd  B. 
Gardner,  esq.,  of  AdelaideHsreMent,  Bri^litaii. 

At  Orpington,  Jamee  Maaoa,  esq.,  of  If  ertola, 
Portugal,  to  Isabd,  fifth  sarrivinff  dmo.  of 
Charles  Barry,  esq.,  of  the  Priory,  Orpington, 
Kent. 

Aug.  23.  At  Beiiin,  Angnstos  Berkeley  Paffct, 
esq..  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  MiniBter  Pleni- 
potentiary to  the  Conrt  of  Copenhagen,  to  the 
Countess  of  Hohenthal,  maid-of-hoaoar  to  the 
Princess  Frederick  William  of  Pmseia. 

At  Bnmeston,  the  Rer.  Pennynan  Warton 
Worsley,  Rector  of  littie  Ponton,  and  Canon 
Residentiary  in  Ripon  Cathedral,  to  Caroline 
Susannah,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  W.  R.  L. 
Serjeantson,  esq.,  of  Camp-hiil  and  Hanlith-balL 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  George  Douglas 
Pennant,  esq.,  eldeet  son  of  CoL  tiie  Hon.  E. 
Douglas  and  Lady  Louisa  Pennant,  to  Pamela, 
second  dan.  of  Sir  Charles  and  Lady  Enshnwt, 
and  niece  of  Lord  and  Lady  Foley. 

At  Burton  Pedwardine,  near  Slealbrd,  Heniy 
Valentine  Grantham,  esq.,  of  Scawby,  Oapt. 
Royal  North  Lincoln  Militia,  to  Emily  Ann, 
second  dau.  of  Rich.  Mason,  esq.,  of  Atherston- 
place,  Lincoln,  fbrmerly,  and  during  many  ycar^ 
town  clerk  of  the  city;  and  Henry  Snow,  eyq., 
of  Sleaford,  to  Agnes  Jane,  the  youngest  dan.  of 
Mr.  Mason. 

At  Croydon,  Henry  Dawson,  esq.,  of  Leeds,  ts 
Ann,  second  dao.  of  the  late  John  FIsiier,  esi|i, 
and  widow  of  John  Henda  Holloiray,  esq., 
solicitor,  of  East  Leigh,  Havant,  Hantai 

At  SUidbum,  Sam.  Birohall,  esq.,  of  Leeds,  te 
Mary  King,  only  sunriving  dau.  of  the  late  B6M. 
Bleazard,  esq.,  of  Slaidbum. 

At  Richmond,  Dr.  Hardwieks^  of  Leeds,  to 
Eleanor,  third  dau.  of  Leonard  Oooke,  esq^  of 
Terrace-house,  Richmond. 

At  Sydenham,  Frederick,  seeond  son  of  George 
Haxcldine,  esq.,  Anglefield,  Oodstone,  Surrey, 
to  Eliza  Harriett,  eldest  dan.  of  Samuel  Little, 
esq.,  Sydcnham-hill. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Bathwiok,  T.  GilUng  GiUing, 
esq.,  M.A.,  Wadham  College,  Oxford*  and  of 
H.M.'s  22nd  Regt.,  to  Fanny  Jane,  second  dan. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Gilbert,  esq.,  of  noltow-hall, 
Staffordshire. 

Aug.  25.  At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlioo,  Lient.-CoL 
Charles  Baring,  Coldstream  Guards,  to  Helen, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  J.  Gnhamt 
bart.,  M.P. 

At  Paris,  the  Baron  Vletor  d'Huart^  of  Longwy, 
Moselle,  to  Isabella  Frederioa,  dan.  of  the  late 
Col.  William  GranviUe-Eliot,  B.H.  Artillery,  of 
Valebrook,  Sussex* 

Aug.  26.  At  Hurst,  Berks,  Henry  Ifayle 
Whiehelo,  esq.,  of  Oakshade.  Leathcrhead, 
Surrey,  to  Catherine  Fyfe,  dan.  of  the  late  Ci^t. 
Charles  Doyne  SiUery,  of  the  Royal  ArtlUcry. 

Aug.  28.  At  St.  Glnvias,  Lient.  Henry  Rogers^ 
R.N.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Canon  Rogers,  of  Psa- 
rose,  to  Jane  Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  Samnel  Enyi^ 
esq.,  of  Enys,  CornwalL 

At  Plymouth,  the  Rer.  Frsteick  Joha  Book% 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


427 


Rector  of  Rampisham,  Dorset,  and  Prebendary 
of  Salisbury,  to  Ellen  Trelawny,  dau.  of  the  late 
Edward  Jagro,  esq.,  of  Plymouth. 

At  Wolditcb,  Capt.  James  Qharles  Still,  late 
3rd  Dragoon  Guards,  second  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Peter  Still,  of  Cattistock,  Dorset,  to  Eliza 
Margaret,  only  dau.  of  Joseph  Gundry,  esq.,  of 
Ilyde,  Dorset. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Bryanston-sq.,  James  Arthur 
Yonge,  ec>q.,  barrister-at-law,  and  Recorder  of 
Barnstaple  and  Bideford,  to  Hannah,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Andrew  Rogers,  esq.,  of  Dublin. 

At  Clapham,  John  Clode,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  William  Braddon,  esq.,  of  the  Bengal  Civil 
SerTice,  and  of  Blacklands,  to  Julia,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Dawson,  M.A.,  late  Vicar 
of  Filtwick,  Bedfordshire. 

At  Trinity  Church,  Marylebono,  Herbert, 
younger  son  of  the  late  Lord  James  Stuart,  to 
Fanny  Adelaide,  third  daa  of  John  Labouchcre, 
esq.,  of  Broom-hall,  Surrey. 

At  Westminster,  Marcus,  eldest  son  of  Joseph 
Sharpc,  esq.,  of  the  Cedars,  Old  Charlton,  Kent, 
to  Emily  Rawlins,  dau.  of  George  Banks,  esq., 
of  Abingdon-st.,  Westminster,  and  Couchmore- 
house,  Thames  Ditton,  Surrey. 

At  Hove  Church,  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Brass,  B.A.,  F.G.S.,  assistant  minister  of  St. 
Stephen's,  Brighton,  second  son  of  Wm.  Brass, 
esq.,  of  Clifton,  to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  David  Padwick,  esq.,  of  Thomey  Island, 
Sussex. 

At  Pittochrie,  N.B.,  W.  F.  Kemp,  M.A.,  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  barrister-at-law,  and  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  E.  C.  Kemp,  Rector  of  Whissonsett, 
Norfolk,  to  Julia  Lane  Grace,  third  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Daniel  Keyte  Sandford, 
D.C.L.,  Oxon. 

Au(/.  29.  At  Ashridgc,  Lient.-Ool.  the  Hon. 
Peregrine  Cust,  uncle  of  the  Earl  Brownlow,  to 
Frances,  widow  of  Augustus  Frederick,  late 
Earl  of  Albemarle. 

At  St.  George's,  Bloomsbury,  William  F.  Rae, 
esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  to  Sarah  Eliza,  second 
dau.  of  J.  Fordati,  esq.,  of  Upper  Bedford-place, 
and  the  Sycamores,  Isle  of  Man. 

Aug.  30.  At  Bramsholt,  Hampshire,  the  Rev. 
II.  Callendar,  Rector  of  Ilatherop,  Gloueester- 
shire,  formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Magdalene 
College,  Cambridge,  to  Annie  Cecilia,  eldest  dau. 
of  W.  T.  Longboume,  esq.,  of  Fowley,  Hamp- 
shire, and  Gray's-inn,  London. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Thomas  Russell, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Russell,  e«>q.,  of 
Wallington-houae,  Bloxwich,  Staffordshire,  to 
Emily,  third  dau.  of  William  Harrison,  esq.,  of 
Norton-hall,  in  the  same  county,  and  of  East- 
land-house,  Leamington. 

At  Leigh,  Essex,  the  Rev.  Charles  Gerrard 
Andrewcs,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Gerrard 
Thomas  Andrewes,  to  Elizabeth  Catherine, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Yen.  Walker  King, 
Archdeacon  of  Rochester. 

At  Thames  Ditton,  Patrick  Johnston,  banker, 
of  Flect-st.,  to  Emma  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Lane  Saycr,  H.A.,  of  Weston, 
Thames  Ditton,  late  Vioar  of  PoUozhill,  Beds. 


At  Plymouth,  John  Robert  Jolly,  esq.,  of  the 
War  Office,  Pall  Mall,  to  Caroline,  youngest  dau. 
of  Peter  Adams,  esq.,  Portland-villas,  Plymouth. 

At  Ufifcnlme,  Capt.  Wm.  Armytage,  R.  N., 
second  son  of  the  late  John  Armytage,  esq.,  to 
Jane  Sarah,  third  dan.  of  Lord  Bridport,  and 
widow  of  the  late  Capt.  Sir  Charles  Hotham, 
R.N.,  K.C.B. 

At  All  Saints',  St.  John's  Wood,  Edward  H. 
Whittle,  esq.,  surgeon,  Brenchley,  Kent,  to 
PhcBbe  Eliza  Brookes,  of  Roeebank,  Carlton-hill, 
St.  John's-wood,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late 
Ebenezer  Brookes,  esq..  Hurst-green,  Sussex. 

At  Reigate,  Constantine  Holman,  M.D.,  to 
Marion,  younger  dau.  of  William  Street,  esq.. 
Retreat,  Reigate. 

James  Thomas,  son  of  John  Linnell,  esq.,  of 
Redhill,  Surrey,  to  Elizabeth  Muskett,  eldest 
dau.  of  Joseph  Muskett  Tetts,  esq.,  of  Homerton, 
Midaiesex. 

At  Rotherfield,  Sussex,  the  Rev.  John  Ellam, 
to  Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  George  Earlo,  eaq., 
ofHuU. 

Sept.  1.  At  St  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  George 
Frederick,  only  surviving  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  G. 
Crompton,  of  Charlton,  Yorkshire,  to  Marcia 
Henrietta  Mary,  dan.  of  Charles  Douglas  Hal- 
ford,  esq.,  of  Groevenor-aq.,  and  of  West-lodge, 
Suffolk. 

At  Brighton,  Henry  Ernest  Thesiger  Williams, 
esq.,  Capt.  3rd  MacUras  Europeans,  son  of  the 
late  Capt.  Henry  Bryan  Williams,  of  the  Madras 
Cavalry,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  dan.  of  D.  Graham 
Johnstone,  eoq.,  of  Eaton-pl.,  Brighton. 

At  Warrington,  the  Rev.  Wm.  George  Longden, 
B.A.,  Fellow  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  and 
of  St.  Peter's  College,  Radley,  eldest  son  of 
G.  R.  Longden,  esq.,  of  Doctors'  Commons,  to 
Miriam  Ada,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Quekett, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Warrington. 

At  Longnor,  J.  R.  Hartley,  esq.,  of  Ripon, 
Yorkshire,  to  Emma,  relict  of  Arthur  Skeving- 
ton,  esq.,  of  Barton-house,  Derbyshire,  and 
eldest  dau.  of  W.  Johnson,  esq.,  of  the  Fftwdd^ 
near  Longnor,  Staffordshire. 

Sept.  2.  At  his  residence,  Oxford-terraoe,  His 
Excellency  the  Moulvee  Museeh  Ooddeen,  K.B., 
the  ex-Minister  of  Oude,  to  C.  J.  Bilke,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Bilke,  esq.,  and  granddatu 
of  the  late  William  Bilke,  esq.,  of  Martinstown. 

Sept.  8.  In  Scotland,  John  Arthur  Carthew, 
esq.,  of  H.M.'s  13th  Light  Dragoons,  and  only 
son  of  Col.  Carthew,  to  Annie  Leigb,  eldest  dau. 
of  John  Sargent,  esq.,  solicitor,  liskeard,  and 
niece  of  Thomas  Sargent,  esq.,  of  Porchestor- 
terrace  North,  Gloucester-gardens,  Hyde-park. 

At  Sutton-on-the-Forest,  Henry  Cradook,  esq., 
of  Richmond,  seoond  son  of  the  late  CoL  Cradook, 
of  Hartford,  to  Georgiana,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Slingsby  Dnncombe  Shafto,  of  Buckworth,  Hunt- 
ingdonshire, and  niece  to  W.  C.  Harland,  esq., 
of  Sutton-hall. 

Sept.  4.    At  Christ  Church,  West  Hartlepool 
W.  J.  Palmer,  esq.,  of  Clapham,   Surrey,   to 
Catherine,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late  Ci^t.  Ord,  of 
Coatham-house,  Darlington. 

At  Wells,  Norfolk,  the  Ber.  J(dm  BeUamf 


428 


Marriages. 


[Oc( 


Gilbert,  A.B.,  Rector  of  Cantley,  son  of  Wm.  A. 
Gilbert,  esq.,  of  Cantlcy-hall,  to  Mary  Julia, 
third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Hopper,  A.M., 
Rector  of  Wells,  and  granddau.  of  the  late 
J.  T.  H.  Hopper,  esq.,  of  Wilton-castlo,  Durham. 

At  Brif^hton,  Frederick  William  Lambert,  esq.. 
Major  in  the  Indian  Army,  son  of  Vice-Admiral 
Sir  George  Robert  Lambert,  K.C.B.,  of  Norbiton- 
pl.,  Surrey,  to  Mary  Jane,  dau.  of  the  late  Gen. 
Sir  John  Lambert,  G.C.B.,  &e.,  of  Woston-house, 
Thames  Ditton,  Surrey. 

At  the  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  Richmond, 
Edward  Robinson,  esq.,  of  London,  to  Mary, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Priestman,  esq.,  banker, 
of  the  former  place. 

At  Bcckingham,  Thomas  Martin  Sholley,  esq., 
H.M.'s  nth  Regt.  Bengal  N.I.,  to  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Tong,  esq.,  of  Beck- 
ingham-hall,  Nottinghamshire. 

Sept.  5.  At  Hcavitrce,  Philip  Wyatt  Crowther, 
esq.,  of  Baring-lodge,  to  Penelope  Antoinette, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Bentley,  esq. 

At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  Richard,  only  surviv- 
ing son  of  Thomas  J.  Dixon,  esq.,  of  Ilolton-pk., 
Lincolnshire,  to  Lucy,  duu.  of  the  late  S.  Collin- 
80D,  esq.,  and  niece  of  the  late  John  Collinson, 
esq.,  of  Beltoft,  in  the  same  county. 

At  Brightwcll,  SuflTolk,  Trussen  Collett,  esq., 
of  Bayswatcr,  London,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Cornelius  Collett,  esq.,  of  Beverley,  to  Elizabeth 
Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Woodthorpe 
Collett,  Incumbent  of  Brightwell-with-Kcsgrave. 

At  Chesterfield,  the  Rev.  Robt.  NichoU,  Curate 
of  St.  Helen's,  Lancashire,  to  Maria  Emma, 
second  dau.  of  Thomas  Holmes,  esq.,  of  Chester- 
field. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt.  Ralph 
Lesson,  nephew  of  the  Earl  of  Miltown,  to  Eliza- 
beth Flora,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  G.  II.  Harding, 
Vicar  of  St.  Anne's,  Wandsworth. 

At  Hsidlow,  Frederick  Arthur  Cecil,  fourth 
son  of  the  lute  C.  Lillingston,  esq.,  of  the  Chantry, 
Ipswich,  to  Charlotte  Jane,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  J.  I.  Monypenny,  Vicar  of  Iladlow,  Kent 

At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  Edwin,  eldest  son  of 
Richard  Gregory,  esq.,  of  Youlgreave,  to  Hannah 
Mary,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Davis  Stovell, 
esq. 

Sept.  G.  At  Stocklcigh  English,  Henry  Swete, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Edward  Archer,  esq.,  of 
Trelaske,  Cornwall,  to  Fanny,  second  dau.  of 
John  Prestwood  Bellew,  esq.,  of  Stockleigh- 
court. 

At  St.  John  Lee,  Alfred  Frederick  Adolphus 
Slado,  esq.,  Capt.  in  H.M.'s  100th  Foot,  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Frederick  Slade,  bart.,  of  Maunsel- 
house,  Somersetsbire,  to  Mary  Constance,  second 
dau.  of  William  Cuthbert,  esq.,  of  Beaufhmt, 
Northumberland. 

At  the  Cathedral,  Waterford,  Henry  Wilson, 
second  son  of  the  late  J.  W.  Sheppard,  esq.,  of 
Campspy  Ashe,  to  Louisa  Sophia,  second  dau.  of 
the  Very  Rev.  E.  N.  Hoare,  Dean  of  Waterford. 

At  Steeple  Ash  ton,  Capt.  Lewis  Jones,  8th 
(the  King's)  Regt.,  to  Sarah  Jane,  only  dau.  of 
Col.  Crawley,  Royal  Engineers. 

At  StonegraTe,  in  the  North  Biding  of  lork- 


shire,  Henry  Fotherlngham  Hnnter,  esq.,  i 
Kilburne,  Derbyshire,  to  Harriet  Anne,  secoi 
dau.  of  Uie  late  Henry  Dowker,  eeq.,  of  Ia-j 
thorpe,  Yorkshire. 

At  Penge,  Surrey,  Alfred  Frederick  Fitzn 
Etheridge,  of  Melbourne,  youngest  eon  of  tl 
late  Thomas  Etheridge,  esq.,  of  Clifton,  Homeret 
to  Margaret,  second  dau.  of  James  Beid,  esq 
of  Sandhurst,  Victoria. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Southwark,  James  Irvine;  secoi 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Robert  Menxies,  esc; 
of  Upper  Stamford-8t.,  to  Mary  Ann,  seccmd  dai 
of  James  Benbow,  esq.,  of  Bankfrfde,  and 
Croydon,  Surrey. 

At  Upton,  Torquay,  the  Rev.  John  W.  Wync 
second  son  of  Col.  John  Wynch,  late  of  tl 
Madras  Artillery,  to  Mary  Jane,  yoangcst  da 
of  Lieut. -Col.  F.  Minchin,  late  Mudriis  Army. 

At  Milsted,  Chas.  Collins  Onley  Tylden  Wiigb 
esq.,  of  Worksop,  Notts,  yoimgest  sou  of  the  la 
Rev.  E.  C.  Wright,  Rector  of  PiUford,  Nortl 
amptonshire,  to  Elizabeth  Jane,  only  child 
Sir  John  Maxwell  Tylden,  of  the  Monor-hotu 
Milsted,  near  Sittingbourne. 

At  the  Catholic  Church,  Kingstown,  Patrii 
Joseph  Keenan,  esq..  Chief  of  Inspection,  Bou: 
of  National  Education,  Ireland,  to  Elixabet 
youngest  dau.  of  Michael  Quin,  esq.,  J.  I 
Limerick. 

Sept.  8.  At  Westerham,  Edwin  Toorey,  esc 
of  Brussels,  to  Eliza  Gibbs,  second  dan.  of  Rlc 
Duppa  Toovey,  esq.,  of  Westerham. 

At  Drumbo,  Ireland,  the  Rev.  T.  C.  Stanle 
B.A.,  Chaplain  to  H.M.'s  Forces,  to  Catherin 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Harrison,  est 
of  Mertoun-hall,  co.  Down. 

At  Maidstone,  Mr.  Edward  W.  Streatfield, 
Ann  Wynn,  third  dau.  of  William  Baddsi,  cs4 
of  Temple-house,  Heath-road,  Maidstone. 

Sept.  11.    At  Sketty,  Glamorganshire,  Geori 
John,  second  son  of  E  S.  Cayley,  esq.,  M.P., 
Mary  Anne  Frances,  eldest  dan.  of   Montai 
Wilmot,  esq.,  yoimgest  son  of  the  late  Sir  Koj 
Wilmot,  bart.,  of  Osmaston,  Derbyshire. 

At  St.  Thomas'   English   Episcopal    Chapi 
Edinburgh,  Robert  Bourchier,  yonnjrcst  son 
the  late  Albany  Savile,  esq.,  of  Oakland*, 
Eliza  Johanna,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  WilUa 
Gordon  Mackenzie,  of  the  Bengal  Army. 

At  Leamington,  Warwickshire,  Wm.  Walla 
Hargrove,  esq.,  of  York,  to  Mary,  third  dan. 
W.  Hood,  esq.,  of  Lansdowne-pl.,  liCamlngtoa 

At  St.  Saviour's,  Chelsea,  Henry,  third  m 
of  the  lute  John  Woodward,  esq.,  of  Streel 
Framfield,  Sussex,  to  Lydia,  widow  of  R.  Ham: 
ton,  esq. 

At  Wootton,  Wm.  Norton  Persse,  esq..  Boy 
Artillery,  to  Rose,  second  dau.  of  the  Ber.  ▲/] 
Mesham,  Rector  of  Wootton,  Kent. 

At  Seaham,  near  Sunderland,  John  Hard 
Ravenshaw,  esq.,  to  Harriot  lialande,  yonngei 
dau.  of  the  late  Lewis  James  Biggs,  osq.,  ft 
many  years  of  the  Admiralty,  and  of  Bnunctt 
near  Scvcnoaks,  Kent. 

At  All  Saints',  Fulham,  Albert  Dixon,  esq 
solicitor,  of  Bedford-row,  fifth  wtm  of  Henry . 
Dixon,  esq.,  of  Aston-Iodge,  Hove,  8aseez«  t 


/• 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


429 


Mary  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Laumann, 
esq.,  LL.D.,  Parsons- green,  Fulham. 

Sept.  12.  At  Niddrie-house,  Lieut.-Ck)l.  the 
Hon.  Dayrollcs  Blakeney  dc  Molcyns,  eldest  son 
of  Lord  Ventry,  of  Bumham-house,  co.  Kerry, 
to  Harriet  Elizabeth  Frances,  eldest  dau.  of 
Andrew  Wauchope,  esq.,  of  Niddrie  Marischal. 

At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  John  Blackwell,  esq., 
Mayor  of  Newcastle-upon-T)Tie,  to  Ann,  widow 
of  Benjamin  Tulloch,  esq.,  of  the  same  place. 

At  Ashford,  Kent,  Arthur  T.  Beechlng,  esq., 
of  Tonbridge,  to  Ellen,  second  dau.  of  Walter 
Murton,  esq.,  of  East  Stour,  Ashford. 

At  St.  Nicholas,  Brighton,  Ames  Goren,  esq., 
Capt.  H.M.'s  19th  Regt.,  to  Agnes  Clayton, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Berkeley  Bead,  esq., 
formerly  R.N.,  of  Fishboume,  Sussex. 

At  Addington,  William,  eldest  son  of  William 
Dickinson,  esq.,  of  Wickhara-hall,  Kent,  to  Mary, 
youngest  dau.  of  Thos.  Warlters,  esq.,  of  Heath- 
field,  Addington,  Surrey. 

At  Higham,  Kent,  J.  G.  Stiffe,  esq.,  of  Dussel- 
dorf,  Prus<»ia,  to  Laura  T.  Malleson,  second  dau. 
of  J.  Malleson,  esq.,  formerly  of  Wimbledon, 
Surrey. 

At  St.  Paul's,  York,  William  Hill,  esq.,  of  Sun- 
derland, to  Isabelle  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Fawcitt,  esq.,  of  York. 

At  Aston,  Yorkshire,  Lieut.-Col.  Frederick  A. 
Willis,  C.B.,  son  of  Major-Gen.  Willis,  R.A.,  to 
Augusta  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  John  G.  Young, 
esq.,  of  Brighton. 

At  Llangocdmore,  Thomas  Harman  Brenchley, 
esq.,  to  Emily  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Vaughan,  of  Llangoedmore-placc,  Cardiganshire. 

Sept.  1.3.  At  Syston,  Frederick  Richard,  second 
son  of  Richard  Morley,  esq.,  Knighton,  to  Helen 
Mary  Frances,  only  dau.  of  Thomas  Woodcock 
Needham,  esq.,  of  the  former  place. 

At  Aston,  Yorkshire,  Lieut.-Col.  Frederic  A. 
Willis,  C.B.,  son  of  Major-Gen.  Willis,  R.A.,  to 
Augusta  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  John  G.  Young, 
cs<i.,  of  Brighton. 

At  All  Souls',  Langham-pl.,  Henry  Campbell, 
esq.,  second  son  of  Sir  James  Campbell,  of  Staca- 
thro,  Forfarshire,  to  Sarah  Charlotte,  only  dau. 
of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Sir  Charles  Bruce,  K.C.B. 

At  Hagworthingham,  Lincolnsh.,  Arthur  Regi- 
nald St.  C.  Radcliffe,  third  son  of  Sir  Joseph  Rad- 
clifTe,  bart.,  of  Rudding-park,  to  Georgiana,  third 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  F.  Pickford,  Rector  of  Hag- 
worthingham. 

At  An  sty,  the  Rev.  C.  Coker  Beck,  Incumbent 
of  St.  Paul's,  Foleshill,  to  Sarah  Coker,  third  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  T.  Coker  Adams,  Vicar  of  Ajisty, 
Warwickshire. 

At  St.  Nicholas's  Chapel,  King's  Lynn,  the  Rer. 
James  John  Cumming,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Carlton 
St.  Mary's  with  St.  Peter's,  only  son  of  the  Rct. 


James  Cumming,  Rector  of  North  Runcton,  Nor- 
folk, and  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  to  Helen  Mary,  second  dau. 
of  Edwin  E.  Durrant,  esq..  King's  Lynn. 

At  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  Trafalgar-sq., 
Jas.  W.  Macnabb,  esq.,  of  Her  Majesty's  Indian 
Civil  Service,  to  Amy,  fifth  dau.  of  Sir  James 
Weir  Hogg,  bart. 

At  Hagworthingham,  Linco!nshire,  Arthur 
Reginald  St.  C.  Radcliffe,  third  son  of  Sir  Joseph 
Radcliffe,  of  Rudding-park,  bart.,  to  Georgiana, 
third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  F.  Pickford,.  Rector  of 
Hagwo  r  thingham . 

Sept.  14.  At  Wimbleton, .  Henry  Trelawny, 
eldest  son  of  Henry  Mitford  Boodle,  esq.,  of 
Davies-st.,  Berkeley-sq.,  and  Lcinster-gardens, 
to  Emily  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Alft-ed  Giles,  esq., 
of  the  Oaks,  Wimbledon-park. 

Sept.  15.  At  Christ  Church,  Paddington,  Chas. 
Wethercd  WiUett,  esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barris- 
ter-at-law,  and  late  Fellow  of  Clare  College, 
Cambridge,  to  Thomasina  Georgiana,  third  dan. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Harrison,  esq.,  one  of  H.M.'s 
Coiumissioners  of  Inland  Revenue. 

Sept.  18.  At  Trent  Vale,  Staffordshire,  Thomas 
C.  Brown-Westhead,  of  Highfield-house,  Burla- 
stone,  youngest  son  of  J.  P.  Brown-Westhead, 
esq.,  M.P.,  of  Lea-castle,  Worcestershire,  to 
Marian,  fourth  dau.  of  Geo.  Fourdrinier,  esq.,  of 
the  Villas,  Stoke-upon-Trent. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt.  Lord  Eustace 
Gascoyne  Cecil,  Col-.lstrcam  Guards,  third  son  of 
the  Marquis  of  Salisbury,  to  Lady  Gertrude 
Louisa  Scott,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  and  sistef  of 
the  present  Earl  of  Eldon. 

At  Sidmouth,  Charles  Henry,  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  T.  Horatio  Walker,  Vicar  of  Bickleigh, 
Devon,  to  Emily  Jane,  dau.  of  the  late  Major- 
General  Slessor. 

Sept.  19.  At  Edmondsham,  Wm.  Inglis,  esq., 
Lieut.-CoL  57th  Regt.,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Wm.  Inglis,  K.C.B.,  Col.  of  the 
57th  Regt.,  to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Hector  B.  Monro,  esq.,  of  Edmondsham,  Dorset, 
and  E  well-castle,  Surrey. 

At  Denton,  George  Troyte  Bullock,  esq.,  only 
son  of  George  Bullock,  esq.,  of  North  Coker- 
house,  Somersetshire,  to  Alice,  third  dau.  of  Sir 
G.  Earle  Welby,  bart.,  of  Den  ton-hall,  Lincolnsh. 

Sept.  20.  At  Reigate,  Ellen  Sarah,  second  dan. 
of  Stephen  Dcndy,  esq.,  of  Sandfels,  Reigate,  to 
Daniel,  second  son  of  John  Watney,  esq.,  of 
Clapham-park. 

At  Bitton,  near  Bath,  W.  H.  R.  Godfrey,  esq., 
Lieut,  and  Adjutant  H.M.'s  35th  Regt.,  Madras 
Army,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  D.  R.  Godfrey, 
D.D.,  of  Bath,  to  Marianne,  youngest  dan.  of  F. 
B.  Mantle,  esq.,  of  WestoTer-house,  Bitton. 


430 


[Od 


#i)ituars!« 


^Relatives  or  Friends  supplying  Memoirs  are  requested  to  append  their  AdSrenety  \ 
order  that  a  Copy  of  the  Gentleman's  Maqazinb  coniaininy  their  Communieatioi 
may  be  forwarded  to  them.^ 


H.R.H.  THE  Grand  Duke  op  Mece- 
lenbubo-Stbelitz. 

Sept.  6.  At  Mecklenburg,  aged  81, 
George  Frederick  Charles  Joseph,  Grand 
Duke  of  Mccklenburg-Strelitz,  father  of 
the  Hereditary  Grand  Duke  Frderick  Wil- 
liam, who  married  the  Princess  Augusta 
of  Cambridge. 

His  Highness's  indisposition  caused 
the  Hereditary  Grand  Duke  and  Grand 
Duchess,  who  have  been  recently  in  Eng- 
land with  their  son,  l*rince  Adolphus  Fer- 
dinand, to  return  home  sooner  than  they 
had  intended,  but  it  was  thought  after 
their  arrivHl  that  the  Grand  Duke  was 
getting  better.  His  Highness  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1779,  and  married,  Aug.  12, 
1817,  Marie,  daughter  of  the  late  Land- 
grave of  Hesse  Casscl,  a  most  amiable 
lady,  who  survives  him.  He  had  succeeded 
to  the  Grand  Duchy  the  previous  year. 

The  Derlin  corrcsjxnident  of  one  of  our 
daily  papers  has  given  some  interesting 
particulars  relating  to  the  deceased  : — 

"  Tlie  late  Grand  Duke  was  educate<l  at 
Darmstadt,  durinsr  the  stormy  times  of 
the  French  Revolution ;  and  the  emigrants 
from  the  French  capital  who  visited  tlie 
little  (Jcrman  court,  carried  there  such 
accounts  of  the  terrible  doings  of  the  red 
republicans  as  influenced  the  mind  of  the 
young  *  Hereditary  Grand  Duke,*  and 
caused  him  always  to  entertain  a  dis- 
like of  the  French  principles  and  'ideas' 
of  the  period.  He  went  to  Italy  in  1802 ; 
returned  to  Germany  in  180t;  and  set- 
tletl  down  quietly  at  Darmstadt,  taking 
no  prominent  part  in  public  affairs,  but 
working  quietly  for  the  lil>eration  of  his 
country  from  the  thraldom  in  which  it 
was  held  by  the  first  Napoleon.  He  at- 
tended the  Congrt»8fl  of  Vienna  in  1814 ; 
there  he  was  one  of  the  most  outspoken 
fot'H  of  France  and  the  French ;  and,  by 
contrast  perhaps,  he  imbibed  a  gp:tiat  fond- 


ness for  England,  to  which  ooantry  1 
shortly  after  pud  a  visit. 

"  His  marriage,  in  1817,  appean  to  ha' 

been  a  happy  one;   and,  as  a  aorereig 

<  Grand   Duke   George*  is  said   to   ha^ 

been  'one  of  the  wisest  of  the  Qermi 

rulers.'    Wlien  he  suocepded  hia  fathc 

'serfdom   was  still  an  institation  of  1 

country,  but  he  at  once  abolished  it ;  an 

by  establishing  schools    throaghont  tl 

length  and  breadth  of  the  little  priiM 

pality,  he  soon  raised  it  from  one  of  tl 

most  neglected    into    one    of  the   mc 

flourishing   provinces  of  Northern   Qt 

many.'     His  manners  Yerj  much  resei 

bled  those  of  George  III.  of   Englai 

Eschewing  military  life,  he  devoted  hii 

self  to  home  and  domestic  pursuit*.     I 

probably  never  wore  a  military  unifon 

but  was  generally  seen  in  a  plain  hla 

coat,  which  hail,  sometimes,  a  thread-ba 

api)carance.      He  mixed  little  with   1 

brother  princes ;  but  he '  was  seen  trottii 

day  after  day,  for  more  than  half  a  cc 

tury,  the  streets  of  his  capital,  now  ate 

ping  into  the  shop  of  a  baker,  and   i 

amining  the  size  and  quality  of  the  loavc 

and  then  again  looking  into  a  crowd 

school-house,  to  see  if  the  teachers  wi 

doing  their  duty,  and  his  little  ■nhjt'^ 

getting  on  with  their  reading,  writii 

and  arithmetic*      The  duchv   ia   ama 

the  number  of  inhabitants  under  100,01 

When  the  late  Grand  Duke  came  into 

possession  ho  found  it  in  '  utter  deiolatv 

in  ignorance,  and  serfdom ;'  and  left  i' 

flourishing  little  sUte,  within  whoae  « 

fines  not  a  single  beggar  is  to  be  Ibai 

and  where  every  man,  woman,  and  cb 

can  read  and  write — and  has  aometbi 

to  eat.    This  is  his  best  epitaph." 

The  Grand  Duke  leaves  two  aons  a 
one  daughter.  The  prewnt  Grand  Dal 
Ferdinand  William,  was  bom  Oct.  17, 18] 
He  is  a  lieut.-general  in  the  IVussian  am 
and  married  the  Princess  Aug^usta  on  1 
28th  of  June,  18-13.  His  nster,the  Duch< 
Caroline,  was  bom  Jan.  10,  1821,  a 
married  the  Crown  Prince  (now  Kin 


I860.] 


Earl  of  Lauderdale. — The  Countess  Manvers.        431 


of  Denmark  in  1841:  the  marriage  was 
not  a  happy  one,  and  they  separated  in 
18 16.  His  brother,  the  Duke  George,  bom 
Jan.  11,  1824,  is  married  to  the  Grand 
Duchess  Catherine  Michaelowna,  daughter 
of  the  late  Grand  Duke  Michael  of  Russia. 
He  is  a  general  in  the  service  of  Russia, 
and  coloncl-in-chief  of  the  23rd  Horse 
Artillery. 


Eabl  of  Laudebdalb. 

Aug.  22.  At  Thirlestane  Castle,  Ber- 
wickshire, aged  75,  the  Right  Hon.  James, 
Earl  of  Lauderdale. 

The  deceased  peer  was  son  of  the  eighth 
earl,  by  the  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Mr. 
Anthony  Todd,  secretary  to  the  Post- 
Office ;  he  was  born  in  Wimpole-street  in 
178 1,  and  succeeded  to  the  earldom  on 
the  death  of  his  father  in  1839.  His 
lordship  was  heritable  Standard-bearer  of 
Scotland,  and  Marshal  of  the  Royal  house- 
h'ld  there.  Lord- Lieutenant  of  Berwick- 
shire, and  a  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  Had- 
dingtonshire. The  first  peer  was  Lord 
Chancellor  of  Scotland,  and  the  second 
carl  was  created  Marquis  of  March  and 
Duke  of  Lauderdale — honours  which  ex- 
pired with  him. 


The  Countess  Mahtees. 

Sept,  7.  At  Thoresby  Park,  aged  75, 
the  Countess  Manvers. 

Her  ladyship  was  eldest  daughter  and 
child  of  Mr.  Anthony  Hardolph  Eyre,  of 
Grove,  near  Retford,  by  Francisca  Alicia, 
third  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard  Wilbraham 
Bootle,  of  Latham  Hall,  Lancashire,  and 
sister  to  the  late  Lord  Skelmersdale.  The 
deceased  Countess  was  born  in  London  on 
the  11th  October,  1784.  Her  ladyship 
was  married  by  special  license,  at  Grove 
Hall,  on  the  23rd  August,  1804,  to  the 
Hon.  Charles  Herbert  Pierrepont,  eldest 
son  of  Viscount  Newark,  afterwards  M.P. 
for  the  county  of  Nottingham,  and  the 
present  Earl  Manvers,  who  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  peerage  as  second  earl  on 
the  16th  of  June,  1816.  The  issue  of  this 
marriage  was  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 
Of  the  sons,  the  first  was  Charles  Evelyn, 


Viscount  Newark,  born  2nd  September, 
1805,  married  16th  August,  1832,  Emily, 
second  daughter  of  Lord  Hatherton,  but 
died  without  issue  at  Torquay,  Devonshire, 
23rd  August,  1850.  He  represented  the 
borough  of  East  Retford  in  Parliament 
from  1831  to  1835.  His  lady  soon  after 
followed  him  to  the  grave.  The  second 
son,  Sidney  William  Herbert,  was  bom 
12th  March,  1825,  and  succeeded  as  Vis- 
count Newark,  on  the  demise  of  his  elder 
brother.  He  married  15th  June,  1852, 
Mademoiselle  Georgiana  Jane  Elizabeth 
Fanny  de  Coigny,  daughter  of  Augustin, 
Due  de  Coigny,  and  has  issue,  and  is  at 
present  M.P.  for  South  Nottinghamshire. 
The  eldest  daughter.  Lady  Mary  Frances, 
was  born  16th  March,  1819,  and  married 
21st  August,  1845,  Mr.  Edward  Christopher 
Egerton,  M.P.  The  youngest  daughter. 
Lady  Annora  Charlotte,  was  born  the 
11th  September,  1822,  married  18th  Au- 
gust, 1853,  Mr.  Charles  Watkins  Williams 
Wynn,  M.P. 

The  Countess  had  been  in  a  declining 
state  of  health  for  some  time,  but  about  a 
week  prior  to  her  death  she  was  seized  with 
an  attack  of  spasms  in  the  region  of  the 
chest.  Up  to  within  twenty-four  hours 
of  her  decease  she  retained  all  her  fiusnl- 
ties  nearly  unimpaired,  and  at  intervals, 
when  free  from  ptun,  conversed  cheerfully 
with  the  various  members  of  her  family. 
The  deceased  for  many  years  kept  up  and 
supported  a  highly  efficient  school  at  the 
pretty  village  of  Budby,  on  the  confines  of 
Thoresby  Park,  where  a  number  of  girls 
were  clothed  and  educated.  Her  lady- 
ship also  subsci'bed  liberally  to  other 
schools  in  the  neighbourhood,  such  as  Ed- 
winstowe,  OUerton,  &c.  Lady  Manvers 
was  possessed  of  an  excellent  disposition, 
and  was  greatly  respected  among  the 
higher  classes  of  society;  but  it  was 
chiefly  in  the  neighbourhood  of  her  re- 
sidence, and  among  the  poor  and  needy, 
that  her  works  were  best  known.  For 
several  years  discreet  almsgiving  occupied 
a  considerable  portion  of  her  time;  the 
wants  and  necessities  of  her  poorer  neigh- 
bours were  unceasingly  inquired  into  and 
cared  for ;  and  to  most  of  the  charitable 
institutions  in  the  county  she  was  either. 


432       Sir  E.  G.  Ward,  G.CM.G.—RL  Eon.  J.  Wihon.      [O 


directly  or  indirectly,  a  liberal  contributor. 
— Nottingham  Journal. 


SiE  Henet  Geoeqb  Wabd,  G.C.M.G. 

Aug,  2.  At  Madras,  of  cholera.  Sir  H. 
G.  Ward,  the  Governor,  newly  appointed 
to  succeed  Sir  Charles  Trovelyan. 

The  deceased  was  the  only  son  of 
the  late  Mr.  Robert  Plumer  Ward,  of 
Gilsion-park,  Herts.,  by  his  first  wife,  the 
daujrhter  of  Mr.  C.  T.  Maling,  of  West 
Heniington,  Durham.  He  entered  the 
diplomatic  service,  and  was  at  length  ap- 
pointed Minister  Plenipotentiary  for  ac- 
knowledging the  Mexican  republic  j  after 
a  time  he  returned  to  England,  and  was 
elected  M.P.  for  St.  Albans  from  1832  to 
1837,  and  sat  for  Sheffield  from  1837  to 
1819.  He  was  a  man  of  much  activity 
and  enterprise,  was  deeply  concerned  in 
railway  undertakings,  and  with  the  object 
of  forwarding  his  political  views  he  esta- 
blished a  newspaper,  the  "  Weekly  Chro- 
nicle." In  1846  he  became  Secretary  to 
the  Admiralty,  a  post  that  he  retained 
until,  in  1849,  ho  was  appointed  Lord 
High  Commissioner  of  the  Ionian  Islands, 
and,  in  accordance  with  the  usual  ]>ractice, 
was  made  a  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of 
St.  Michael  and  St.  George.  He  jMirted 
with  his  interest  in  the  journal  that  he 
had  established,  and  proceeded  to  the  seat 
of  his  government;  but  soon  after  his 
arrival  there  a  rebellion  broke  out  in  Co- 
j>halonia,  which  the  new  Governor  re- 
pressed with  a  promptitude  and  decision 
that  in  Parliament  and  elsewhere  was  de- 
nouncetl  as  "butchery."  Sir  Henry  de- 
fended himself  with  spirit,  and  at  least 
satisfied  the  government  of  Lord  Palmer- 
ston  of  his  fitness  to  rule  discontented  de- 
jK'ndencies.  In  1855  he  was  removed  to 
Ceylon,  w^here  he  remained  until  the  sum- 
mer of  the  present  yenr,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  Madras,  to  repress  the  troubles 
that  were  cxi)ected  to  arise  from  Sir  Chas. 
Trtvelyan's  protest  against  the  new  sys- 
tem of  Indian  finance ;  he  died,  how^ever, 
within  a  few  days  of  his  arrival. 


cial  Member  of  the  Indian   Coundl 
Calcutta. 

The  right  hon.  gentleman  is  descri 
in  "Dodd"  as  "the  son  of  the  late  V 
liam  Wilson,  esq.,  of  Hawick-honte,  B 
burghshire,  and  brother  to  Walter  V 
son,  Efiq.,  of  Oxehand-house,  in  the  in 
county."  He  was  bom  in  1805»  and  fa 
ing  received  a  common  English  edncati 
he  entered  into  business  as  a  hatter, 
first  in  the  country  and  subsequently 
London,  but  he  failed  in  each  place, 
then,  with  more  success,  devoted  himi 
to  literature,  chiefly  of  the  politioo-c 
nomical  class,  his  principal  works  be 
a  volume  on  "  The  Influences  of  the  C 
Laws,"  which  appeared  in  1839 ; 
other  on  the  "  Fluctuations  of  Curren 
Commerce,  and  Manu&ctnres,"  in  18- 
a  third  in  1811,  entitled  "The  Roveio 
or.  What  should  the  Chancellor  do  ?"  i 
a  fourth  in  1847,  called  "  Capital,  C 
rency,  and  Banking."  In  1843  he  ei 
blished,  under  the  patronage  of  the  1 
Earl  Fit  z William,  the  "  Economist**  ne 
paper.  Tlie  first  number  appeared  on 
2iid  of  Sept.  of  that  year,  and  he  ^ 
chief  editor  for  several  years ;  his  com 
tion  with  it  not  ceasing  till  he  went 
India.  In  1847  he  was  first  returned 
Parliament  for  Westbury,  Wiltshire. 
1848  he  was  appointed  Secretary  to 
Board  of  Control,  which  office  he  held 
March,  1852.  When  the  Aberdeen  C 
11  tion  Ministry  came  into  power,  he  < 
appointed  financial  secretary  to  the  Ti 
sury,  and  held  this  office  till  March,  IS 
When  the  second  Coalition  Ministry  < 
formed,  last  year,  ho  accepted  the  of 
of  Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Tn 
which  he  resigned  to  go  to  India  as  Fina 
Minister.  His  short  career  there  will 
only  distinguished  by  the  great  alterat 
he  effected  in  the  financial  arrangemc 
of  the  country,  and  the  introdoction  of 
income-tax. 

Mr.  Wilson  married,  in  1882,  Elizabc 
daughter  of  William  Pteston^  Esq., 
Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


The  ItiflUT  Hoy.  Jahes  Wilson. 
Aug,  11.     At  Calcutta,  of  cholora,  aged 
65,  the  Hight  Hon.  James  Wilson,  Fiuau- 
12 


G.  T.  TnoMPSOX,  Esq. 
Aug.  9.    Killed  at  Dover,  by  the  hm 
ing  of  a  gnu,  George  Thomas  Tliompi 


I860.] 


G.  T.  Thompson,  Esq. — M.  Dumeril. 


433 


Esq.,  Lieut,  in  the  Dover  Volunteer  Artil- 
lery Corps. 

George  Thomas  Thompson,  bom  at 
Dover  in  1808,  established  himself  there 
in  the  legal  profession  in  1832,  and  suc- 
cessively received  the  appointmenta  of 
Coroner  to  the  Borough  and  Liberties, 
Registrar  to  the  Commissioners  of  Dover 
Harbour,  Clerk  to  the  Turnpike  Trustees, 
Clerk  to  the  Commissioners  of  Income-tax, 
and  Clerk  to  the  County  Magistrates.  He 
enjoyed,  in  addition  to  these,  an  extensive 
and  increasing  private  practice.  He  was 
a  man  of  sound  judgment  and  cool  discri- 
mination, and  was  looked  up  to  by  the 
members  of  his  profession  for  his  skill  and 
acumen. 

Whether  in  his  professional  or  other 
pursuits,  his  high  tone  of  gentlemanly 
feeling  and  urbanity  of  manner  won  for 
him  the  esteem  and  regard  of  all  who 
knew  him. 

His  taste  for  the  fine  arts,  for  history 
and  antiquarian  pursuits,  was  developed 
at  an  early  age.  He  took  great  interest 
in  and  was  a  constant  contributor  of  speci- 
mens of  natural  history,  as  also  of  antiques, 
to  the  Dover  Museum  founded  by  his  bro- 
ther, E.  P.  Thompson.  The  historical  de- 
corations of  the  pavilion  erected  for  the 
banquet  to  the  Lord  Warden  of  the 
Cinque  Ports  in  1838  were  mainly  from 
his  designs.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
promoters  of  the  restoration  of  the  Maison 
Dieu  Hall,  furnished  the  subjects  for  the 
western  window,  and  had  just  completed 
those  for  the  six  side-windows,  when  the 
accident  occurred  which  deprived  him  of 
his  life.  The  whole  of  these  subjects  are 
historical,  connected  with  Dover,  and  em- 
bracing a  period  between  A.D.  1216  and 
1660.  Mr.  Thompson's  knowledge  of  and 
love  for  history  and  heraldry  enabled  him 
to  group  together  events,  which  have  been 
as  carefully  and  finely  treated  by  the 
artist  *,  and  the  windows  will  be  a  great 
ornament  to  the  town. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  a  warm  supporter 
of  the  Volunteer  movement ;  he  organized 
a  cadet  corps  for  youths  who  at  their  leisure 
might  learn  the  preliminary  drill,  and  be 

*■  Edward,  son  of  Ambrose  Poynter,  Architect. 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


eventually  drafted  into  any  volunteer  corps; 
and  greatly  assisted  in  forming  the  First 
Cinque  Ports  Artillery  Corps,  of  which  he 
was  an  officer ;  and  it  was  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duty  with  that  body  that  he  lost  his 
life  while  engaged  at  ball  practice  at  the 
Archcliff  Fort. 

His  loss  has  been  deeply  felt  by  all 
classes :  those  in  the  higher  circles  admired 
his  talent,  research,  and  unostentatious 
abilities ;  those  among  the  poor  respected 
him  for  his  kindly  and  charitable  as  well 
as  upright  and  manly  character. 

He  married,  in  1840,  the  elder  daughter 
of  the  late  Thomas  Pattle,  Esq.,  who  sur- 
vives him. 


M.  Dumebil. 

Aug,  14.  At  Paris,  Andr^  Marie  Con- 
stant Dumeril. 

This  celebrated  naturalist  was  bom  at 
Amiens  on  the  1st  of  January,  1774.  He 
obtained  in  1793,  after  competition,  the 
office  of  President  of  the  Anatomical 
School,  and  in  1794  that  of  Prosec- 
teur  to  the  Medical  University  in  Paris. 
There  it  was  that  he  commenced  that 
friendship  with  George  Cuvier  which  only 
ceased  when  the  author  of  "The  Animal 
Kingdom"  was  removed  by  death.  In 
1799  Dumeril  was  chosen  to  preside 
over  the  anatomical  preparations  of  the 
faculty,  a  success  the  more  honourable  to 
him  as  the  post  was  sought  also  by  Du- 
puytren.  Two  years  after — and  again 
after  competition  also— he  gained  the 
chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  same  establish- 
ment. Dr.  Henry  Roger  said  of  him 
that  "Dumeril  gave  quite  a  new  deve- 
lopment to  the  study  of  anatomy;  his 
was  not  any  description  of  an  individual 
anatomy,  it  was  a  tableau  of  the  animal 
kingdom  as  a  whole.  In  a  word,  his  was 
the  merit  of  having  introduced  compara- 
tive anatomy  at  a  time  when  that  science 
was  quite  a  new  thing."  Hence  it  was 
that,  when  Cuvier  was  looking  out  for  one 
to  succeed  himself  as  teacher  of  Natural 
History  at  the  Central  School  of  the  Pan- 
theon, his  choice  naturally  fell  upon  the 
young  anatomical  prosecteur. 

M.  Dumeril  was  so    absorbed  in  hig 

3f 


434     Mr.  E.  D.  Evans,— Josh.  Locke,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.B.8.      [Oct. 


zoological  and  anatomical  studies  that  lie 
became  a  teacher  in  them  before  he  gra- 
duated in  medicine.     It  was  not  until 
1802  that  he  kept,  as  his  exercise,  a  thesis 
upon  the  means  of  improving  and  extend- 
ing anatomical  science.     From  1803  to 
1825,  at  which  time  Dum^ril  succeeded 
Lacepede  as  Professor  of  Erpetology  and 
Ichthyology  at  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  he    acted  as    that    professor's 
deputy.     In  1822  he  exchanged  the  chair 
of  Anatomy  at  the  university  for  that  of 
Physiology,  which  ho  resigned  in  1830, 
that  he  might  take  that  of  Internal  Pa- 
thology.   In  1816  he  was  invited  to  fill 
the  place  of  Tenon  in  the  section  of  Ana- 
tomy and  Zoology  in  the   Academy  of 
Sciences. 

Upwards  of  half  a  century,  dedicated 
by  M.  Dum€ril  to  lecturing  and  teaching, 
did  not  hinder  him,  however,  from  pro- 
ducing  several  essays,   wliich   were    in.- 
serted  in  the  chief  scientific  reviews  of  the 
day,  and  many  important  works  besides. 
The  chief  of  these  are  the  first  two  volumes 
of  the  "  Lessons  of  Comparative  Anatomy 
of  Cuvier,"  all  the  myological  portion  of 
which  may  be  considered  as  the  proper 
work  of  Dumdril ;  an  "  Elementary  Trea- 
tise of  Natural  HUtory,"  (Paris,  1803,) 
several  editions  of  which  have  appeared 
since  that  date :    then  "  Analytical  Zo- 
ology, or  the  Natural  Method  of  Classifying 
Animals,"  (Paris,  1806,  8vo.);  "General 
Considerations  on  the  Class  of  Insects," 
(Paris,  1823,  8vo.) ;  "  General  Erpetology, 
or  Natural    History  of   Reptiles,"  nine 
volumes,  with  an  atlas,  (Paris,  1831  to 
1854,)  in  which  latter  work  Bibron  was 
associated  with   him;    a  "Classification 
of  Fishes,"  published  m  the  "  Reports  of 
the  Academy   of  Sciences,"  1855:  then 
"  Analytical  Entomology,"  which  in  1859 
formed  the   thirty-first    volume    of   the 
Memoirea  de  rAcad6mie,      In  this  last 
work,  which  was  the  fruit  of  sixty  years 
of  study  and  observation,  he  has  divided 
insects  into  their  natural  families,  and  ap- 
plied for  the  determination  of  their  genera 
those  principles  of  which  he  had  laid  the 
foundation  in  his  "Analytical  Zoology." — 
Qalignani, 


Mb.  Edwasd  Dattd  ETJJra. 
Aug.  16.    Aged  43,  Mr.  EdwAtd  DaTid 
Evans,  the  emUient  printseller,  of  No.  403^ 
Strand. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Mr.  Edward 
Evans,  who  was  brought  np  a  printer  in 
the  office  of  Messrs.  Nichols  and   Son, 
then  of  Red  Lion-passage,  Fleet-atreet,  in 
whose  establishment  he  was  afterwards 
a  valued  reader.    But  he  early  atmck  out 
for  himself  a  more  amusing  and  lucratiTe 
occupation,  as  a  second-hand  printaeller,  in 
Great  Queen-street,  Lincoln*s-Inn-FU»ld«, 
and  soon  accumulated  an  immense  atodc 
of  prints,  which  he  had  the  deverneaa  and 
industry  to  sort  and  arrange  to  meet  the 
convenience  of  his  numetons  costomera,  so 
that  at  the  time  of  his  early  death  he  was 
decidedly  at  the  head  of  his  pecoliar  busi- 
ness. To  the  regret  of  his  friends,  he  died 
at  the  age  of  46,  Nov.  24,  1835,  and  he  is 
noticed  in  our  Magasine  for  that  year. 
Part  II.,  p.  663. 

Fortunately,  his  aflbetionate  wife,  Mrs. 
Anne  Evans,  had  been  his  indastrioas 
assistant  in  his  business,  which  she  car- 
ried on  with  much  saccett,  in  ooi^nncUon 
with  her  two  sons.  In  1863  the  business 
had  so  outgrown  his  original  premises  that 
it  was  removed  to  the  Btomd. 

The  eldest  son,  whose  death  we  now 
record,  was  from  early  advantages  equal, 
if  not  superior,  to  his  fkther  in  his  know- 
ledge of  the  value  and  scarceneas  of  prints. 
He  has  left  few,  if  any,  in  the  trade  more 
conversant  with  them.  His  death  will  be 
regretted  by  a  large  circle  of  cuatomera  and 
friends,  and  will  be  a  severe  afBiction  to 
his  widow  and  four  children.  The  bonness 
will  be  carried  on  by  hit  brother,  Mr. 
Albert  Evans,  who  was  his  partner  in 
trade. 


Joseph  Looks,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.B.S. 

Sept.  18.  At  Mofiat,  aged  5^  Joaeph 
Locke,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Homtoa. 

The  deceased  was  bom  in  1806,  at  At- 
tencliffe,  near  Sheffield,  and  waa  edncated 
at  the  Bamsley  Grammar-school,  whence 
ho  was  taken  to  be  placed  onder  Qeorge 
Stephenson  at  Newcastle-on-l^nc^  and 
from  him  he  learned  the  elemeato  of  faia 


I860.]         Obituary.— Jb^^A  Locke,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.R.S.        435 


profession.  After  five  or  six  years,  that 
is  to  say,  iu  1826,  Qeo.  Stephenson  became 
the  cbief  engineer  of  the  Manchester  and 
Liverpool  Railway,  which  it  was  now  de- 
termined to  commence.  Joseph  Locke 
was  engaged  at  once  on  the  works  of  tins 
line,  and  remained  actively  employed  npon 
them  until  its  opening  on  the  14th  of 
September,  1830.  Daring  this  interval 
bis  experiments  as  to  the  right  motive 
power  were  an  important  contribation  to 
the  sQcccss  of  this  great  work,  and  in  con- 
junction with  the  Stephensona  he  was  in- 
strumental in  determining  the  superior 
capabilities  of  the  locomotive.  In  the 
controversy  wluch  ensued  on  this  critical 
question  Joseph  Locke  took  a  prominent 
part.  In  conjunction  with  Kobt.  Stephen- 
son he  collected  the  results,  which  they 
stated  in  a  joint  pamphlet,  and  which  may 
be  said  to  have  settled  the  practical  ques- 
tion of  their  time.  Henceforth  it  was 
allowed,  to  use  the  simile  of  their  cbief, 
that  the  rail  and  whe«l  were  "  man  and 
wife,"  tho  wheel  in  question  being  the 
wheel  of  the  locomotive.  Rope  traction 
was  still  used  for  a  time  in  exceptional 
cases,  and  easy  gradients  were  at  first 
deemed  indispensable  for  the  moving  en- 
gine. It  was  one  of  the  boasts  of  Locke 
that  he  subsequently  adopted  lines  of  gra- 
dient far  more  steep  than  had  ever  before 
been  held  suitable  for  its  powers.  After 
having  joined  in  launching  the  locomotive, 
he  imposed  upon  it  its  most  arduous  tasks. 
Shortly  after  the  completion  of  the 
Mauchcster  and  Liverpool  line,  the  project 
of  a  railway  from  its  Warring^n  branch 
to  Birmingham  was  revived,  and  this  line 
was  commenced  in  1832  or  1838.  George 
Stephenson  was  at  first  the  engineer,  but 
the  line  was  eventually  constructed  by 
Locke,  and  opened  on  the  6th  of  July, 
1837,  being  then  designated  the  Qrand 
Junction.  It  included  some  heavy  works, 
such  as  the  Dutton  and  Vale  Royal  via- 
ducts, and  was  the  occasion  of  some  im- 
provements in  the  rails  and  their  fixing 
by  the  use  of  the  heavy  doable-headed 
rail  and  wooden  key.  But  another  boast 
of  its  engineer  was  its  marked  commercial 
success,  and  the  encouragement  it  afforded 
tu  the  commencement  of  other-railways  by 


its  construction  for  a  sum  actually  within 
the  estimate,  and  at  a  cost  only  of  from 
£14,000  to  £15,000  a-mile. 

Capital  was  consequently  invested  larg^cly 
in  nmilar  undertakings  under  Locke's  cU- 
rections,  who  had  thus  obtained  the  rare 
reputation  of  being  an  economical  ang^et-r. 
The  Lancaster  and  Preston  line  was  thus 
commenced  in  1887,  and  was  opened  in 
1840,  in  which  latter  year  the  Sheffield 
and  Manchester  line  was  also  undertaken. 
Some  time  previous  to  the  completion  of 
the  Grand  Junction  line  a  railway  from 
London  to  Southampton  had  been  also 
commenced.  To  this  last  Locke  was  even- 
tually named  engineer,  and  his  duef  at- 
tention was  given  to  its  works  after  the 
completion  of  the  Grand  Junction.  The 
first  section  of  the  line  from  Nine  Elms  to 
Woking  was  opened  on  May  21,  1838; 
and  the  whole  nudn  line  was  completed 
on  May  11,  1840,  nnce  which  period 
numerous  branches  have  been  added.  Of 
the  works  on  this  South- Western  line 
the  Micheldever  embankment,  near  Win- 
chester, may  be  named  as  one  of  the 
principal;  it  is  90  ft.  in  height  Economj 
in  construction  continued  still  to  be  a 
characteristic  of  Locke's  works,  and  a  dis- 
tinction which  he  strove  zealously  and 
effectually  to  retain. 

From  Southampton  it  was  natural  that 
he  should  turn  to  France,  where  numer- 
ous projects  were  subseqnently  set  on  foot 
by  him  as  engineer, — as,  for  example,  the 
Paris  and  Rouen,  and  Rouen  and  Havre 
lineq,  which  he  completed;  a  line  from 
Paris  to  Lyons,  constracted  under  another 
engineer;  and  the  Caen  and  Cherbourg 
line,  which  was  opened  in  1856.  For  the 
Paris  and  Rouen  line  he  received,  in  1845, 
the  decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honour 
from  King  Louis  Philippe.  He  also  de- 
signed and  superintended  the  line  between 
Barcelona  and  Mattaro  in  Spain,  and  the 
Dutch  Rhenish  Railway,  of  which  the 
final  portion  was  completed  in  1866. 
During  the  construction  of  the  works  on 
the  continental  lines  Locke  bad  joined 
with  him  as  his  coadjutor  in  profesnonal 
practice  Mr.  John  Edfrard  Errington; 
and  together  they  oonstructed  the  Lan- 
caster and  Carlisle,  the  East  LaDOMbiro^ 


43G 


Obituaey. — Rev.  D,  Laing. 


[Oct. 


tlie  Caledonian,  the  Scottish  Central,  the 
Scottish  Midlnnd,  and  the  Aberdeen  Bail- 
ways,  and  the  Greenock  Railway  and 
Docks.  Notwithstanding  the  heavy  works 
on  the  Caledonian  line,  it  was  constructed, 
with  the  platforms  and  roadside  stations, 
for  less  than  £16,000  a  mile.  This  eco- 
nomy of  construction  was  attained  by  the 
adoption  of  steeper  gradients,  which  Locke 
deliberately  elected,  and  rather  from  cau- 
tion tban  audacity,  sustaining  the  economy 
of  his  principle,  subject  to  some  qualifica- 
tions, in  the  face  of  many  rivals.  His 
early  study  of  the  locomotive  engine  led 
him  to  take  great  interest  also  in  the 
engine  works  which  were  established  at 
Crewe,  and  "the  Crewe  engine" — con- 
structed on  a  system  by  which  each  of 
the  several  parts  of  an  engine  is  made 
with  mathematical  accuracy,  and  repeated 
in  duplicate  so  as  to  fit  indifierently  any 
engine — was  the  novel  as  well  as  success- 
ful result. 

The  peculiar  characteristic  of  Locke's 
career  was  the  firmness  and  decision  with 
which,  throughout  all  his  projects,  he 
avoided  the  construction  of  great  and  too 
costly  works.  His  viaducts  were  of  ordi- 
nary dimensions,  though  some  of  them 
were  of  admirable  construction — such  as 
those  across  the  bold  ravines  of  the  north 
of  England  and  Scotland.  In  every  case 
they  are  exactly  fitted  to  the  places  they 
occupy;  and  in  the  same  manner  his 
bridges  over  the  Thames  and  the  Seine  are 
distinguished  for  their  adaptation  to  their 
position,  the  lightness  and  simplicity  of 
their  construction,  and  the  elegance  of 
their  design. 

An  engineer  with  such  qualifications, 
and  so  recommended  to  shareholders  by 
his  caution  and  judgment,  united  to  his 
great  talents,  had  naturally  an  eminent 
career  before  him.  In  common  with  the 
most  fortunate  of  his  profession,  he  enjoyed 
golden  opportunities,  and,  in  conjunction 
with  Stephenson  and  Brunei  more  particu- 
larly, he  may  be  said  to  have  completed 
the  Triumvirate  of  the  engineering  world. 
Ho  was  its  President  tifter  Robert  Ste- 
phenson's death.  lie  was  also  a  Fellow 
of  the  Hoyal  Society,  and  M.P.  for  Honi- 
-ton,  which   he  represented  continuously 


from  1847.  He  was  a  oonsifltent  liiberal. 
— independent,  for  be  bad  so  made  him- 
self by  his  own  exertions,  as  the  arclytect 
of  a  large  private  fortane,  honomrably  and 
fairly  acquired  by  his  talents  and  by  his 
services  to  his  generation.  He  died  of  that 
acute  disease  termed  the  Iliae  Panum^ 
a  seizure  by  which  is  so  difficult  of  treat- 
ment and  so  commonly  fatal.  On  the 
preceding  morning  be  first  became  aware 
that  he  was  not  in  his  ordinary  health, 
although  he  had  been  reermting  himself 
at  Mofiat  for  the  previous  five  weeks,  as 
his  custom  was  at  this  time  of  year,  and 
enjoying  the  shooting  in  Annandale;,  which 
ho  bad  rented  for  the  last  eight  or  ten 
years.  As  if  sensible  of  his  peril,  he  at 
once  sent  for  medical  aid,  and  Dr.  Mnnro 
of  Moffiit,  with  Dr.  Hunter,  apee^ly 
reached  him,  and  rendered  him  all  the 
professional  service  in  their  power;  bat 
their  efibrts  to  mitigate  the  pun  or  arrest 
the  progress  of  the  disease  were  only  par- 
tially successfuL  The  sdzure  took  a  rapid 
and  fatal  course,  and  a  little  after  eight 
o'clock  on  the  following  day  he  died. 

It  is,  indeed,  not  a  little  remarkable 
that  his  death  should  follow  so  suddenly 
upon  those  of  Stephenson  and  Brunei,  to 
whose  position  it  may  be  said  he  was  the 
legitimate  heir,  as  the  remaining  chief  of 
the  engineering  world.  Whatever  diffi- 
culty there  may  be  now  in  asrigning  pre- 
eminence to  those  who  sorviye,  the  civil 
engineers  bad  agreed  in  according  priority 
to  Locke,  who  succeeded  Robert  Stephen- 
son as  the  President  of  their  InstituUoo. 
This  position  was  unquestionably  bia  doe 
as  the  chief  representative  of  the  Stephen- 
son school,  Locke  having  been  the  pupil 
of  George  Stephenson,  the  father,  and 
first  the  coadjutor  and  afterwarda  the 
competitor  of  Robert  Stephenaon,  the  son. 
^The  Times. 


Ret.  D.  Linra. 

A  correspondent  has  communicated  some 
further  particulars  respecting  thia  much- 
esteemed  clergyman,  whose  decease  was 
briefly  noticed  by  os  in  September  last 
(p.  321)  :— 

<<Mr.  Laing,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  of  Peter- 


I860.] 


Clergy  Deceased, 


437 


house,  Cambridge,  has  left  a  name  for 
general  philaiitbropy,  already  much  hon- 
oured, and  worthy  of  eam^  imitation. 
His  first  metropolitan  employments  were. 
Chaplain  of  the  Middlesex  Hospital,  and 
Honorary  Chaplain  of  the  St.  Ann's  So- 
ciety Schools,  in  both  of  which  he  evinced 
great  conscientiousness  and  humanity.  For 
the  Hospital  patients  he  composed,  or  com- 
piled, a  series  of  special  'Tracts,'  which 
hiivc  been  highly  commended  by  competent 
judges.  Having  accepted  in  1847  a  new 
parochial  charge  in  St.  Pancras,  he  'threw 
himself*  into  a  rather  poor  district,  and 
commenced  the  erection  of  a  spacious  and 
really  stately  church — Trinity,  Haverstock 
Hill— at  his  own  risk.  Great  part  of  the 
cost,  about  £12,000,  including  schools, 
came  from  his  own  purse;  and  having 
made  himself  answerable  for  more,  he  was 
for  some  years  embarrassed,  having  also 
resigned  his  stipend  towards  the  debt.  In 
1857  Bishop  Tait  preferred  him,  purely 
from  merit,  to  the  rectory  of  St.  Olave's, 
Hart-street;  where, though  his  incumbency 
was  but  brief,  he  has  left  an  enduring 
memory. 

''  Mr.  Laing  by  no  means  confined  his 
efforts  to  do  good  to  the  boundaries  of  his 
parochial  charges.  The  '  Oovemesees*  Be- 
nevolent Association,'  lastingly  useful  to 
a  highly  meritorious  class,  owns  him  as 
its  real  founder ;  as  does  a  '  Play-groand 
Society,*  though  this  last,  from  no  default 
of  his,  has  been  a  failure;  and  he  was  an 
active  supporter  of  various  Societies  for 
widows  and  orphans.  In  one  of  the  funeral 
sermons  preached  on  the  occasion  of  his 
decease,  by  the  Rev.  J.  V.  Povah,  President 
of  Sion  College,  it  is  stated  that  he  has, 
at  his  own  cost,  rescued  many  'unfortu- 
nate' females,  maintained  them  for  a  time, 
and  procured  them  situations,  and  even 
marriages.  And  he  is  known,  besides  per- 
sonal charity,  to  have  raised  numerous 
subscriptions  for  reduced  persons,  includ- 
ing literary  men,  and  probably  artists. 

''The  deceased  was  a  good  clasncal 
scholar,  and  has  published  sermons  and  a 
Biblical  work.  A  favourite  seal  motto  of 
his  was  a  passage  of  Shakespeare, — 

'  There  is  a  ProTidenee  which  shapes  onr  ends, 
Rougb-bew  them  how  we  will;' — 

akin  to  the  French  saying, '  L'homme  j>ro- 
|)ose,  mais  Dieu  dispose" — Mr.  Laing  has, 
indeed,  left  a  'good  name,  better  than 
precious  ointment,'  and,  it  may  be  hoped, 
has  '  entered  into  his  rest.' " 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

A  tiff.  11.    At  Havering,  aged  60,  the  Bev.  John 
U  Bell,  Uector  of  Kirkley. 


Aug.  21.  At  Ludgate-lodge,  Katbo,  near  Edin- 
burgh, aged  26,  the  Rev.  Wm.  J.  Ree»,  M.A., 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  eldest 
eon  of  Thomas  Bees,  esq.,  LiverpooL 

At  Escrick,  near  York,  aged  70,  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Peel,  Prebend  of  Lincoln  Cathedral, 
and  formerly  Rector  of  Willingham,  and  son  of 
the  late  Lawrence  Peel,  esq.,  of  Ardwick. 

Aug,  22.  At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged  57, 
the  Rev.  David  Cunningham  Browning,  M.A., 
Chaplain  of  the  Newcastle  Borough  OaoL 

Atig.  23.  At  Morton-upon-Swale,  very  sad* 
denly,  aged  58,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Cross, 

Aged  74,  the  Rev.  Jos^h  Dale,  M.A.,  Vioar  of 
Bolney. 

Aug,  25.  At  Clapham-eommon,  aged  78,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Worsley,  LL.D.,  Rector  of  Hayes, 
Middlesex. 

Aug,  26.  At  the  Vicarage,  aged  55,  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Furhriek,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Chippenham, 
WUts. 

Aug.  27.  At  Harberton,  Devon,  (by  his  own 
hand,)  the  Worship  Ail  Oeorge  Martin,  M.A, 
Chancellor  of  the  diocese  of  Szeter,  CajCLxm.  of 
Exeter,  and  Vicar  of  Harberton,  Devon^  For 
some  weeks  the  rev.  gentleman's  friends  had  ob- 
served peculiarities  in  his  conduct,  which  caused 
them  much  uneasiness.  His  accustomed  self- 
possession  and  remarkable  strength  of  mind  had 
given  way  to  extreme  nervousness  and  ground- 
less apprehensions,  which  ^dted  and  deprrased 
him  by  turns.  Daring  the  last  week  of  his  lifls, 
particularly,  certain  circumstances  connected 
with  a  then  pending  suit  in  Chancery,  affecting 
the  charities  of  the  village  of  Harberton ;  a  dis- 
pute in  the  parish  itself,  with  regard  to  a  propo- 
sition for  re-seating  the  church ;  and  a  bosiness 
transaction,  having  reference  to  the  repair  of 
Bockford-hoose,  which  he  had  presented  to  the 
new  incumbent  of  Harberton  Ford  Church,  preyed 
upon  his  mind.  So  strange  was  his  behaviour, 
and  so  evident  the  aberration  of  the  rev.  gentle- 
man's intellect,  that  the  attention  of  the  fkmUy 
medical  man,  Mr.  Owen,  of  Totnes,  was  directed 
to  the  circumstances  by  a  fHend.  On  Sunday 
morning  the  Chancellor  preached  in  the  parish 
church,  and  in  the  afternoon  he  read  prayers,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Oreenhill,  the  curate,  preaching  tie 
sermon.  During  the  day  he  also  baptised  a 
child.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  in  the  morning, 
and  in  the  desk  in  the  afternoon,  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  congregation.  His  eye  was  seen 
to  wander  fitfUUy  about  the  building,  and  his 
hands  were  constantly  twitching,  evincing  a  oon- 
ditloa  of  strong  nervous  excitement.  From  the 
close  of  the  afternoon's  service  until  a  late  hour 
in  the  evening,  Mrs.  Martin  and  Mr.  T.  C.  Kd- 
lock,  of  Totnes,  who  was  his  legal  friend,  were 
with  him ;  and  he  then  expressed  his  fear  that 
his  peeuniary  aflSdrs  were  gohig  wrong,  and  his 
determination  to  reduce  his  household  expendi- 
tare.  For  these  apprehensions  there  was  not  the 
least  foundatioa.  He  would  not,  however,  allow 
himself  to  be  convinced  of  this,  nor  of  the  pround- 
lessness  of  other  fears  which  troubled  his  mind. 
During  the  night  he  slept  uneasily,  and  on  M<»il- 
day  morning  complained  of  a  spasmodic  pain 


438 


Obituary. 


[CX 


througrh  bis  heart.  His  condact  whilst  dressing 
greatly  alarmed  Mrs.  Martin,  who  remained  as 
near  him  as  he  would  allow.  But,  notwithstand- 
ing every  precaution,  the  unfortunate  gentleman 
seized  an  opportunity  when  Mrs.  Mai  tin  was  in 
another  part  of  the  room,  and  cut  his  throat  in 
two  places.  He  lingered  about  an  hour,  but, 
though  promptly  attended,  no  medical  aid  could 
save  his  life. 

In  London,  aged  G2,  the  Rev.  James  Thomas 
Round y  B.I).,  Prebend  of  8t.  Paul's,  and  Rector 
of  All  Saints',  Colchester,  and  late  Dean  Rural  of 
Colchester. 

At  the  Rectory,  the  Rev.  John  Benson^  M.A., 
Rector  of  Norton-under-Hambdon,  Somerset. 

Aug.  28.  Aged  27,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Walker ^ 
M.A.,  Vicar  of  Croft,  Lincolnshire. 

Aug.  30.  The  Ven.  Richard  Panton,  D.D., 
Archdeacon  of  Surrey,  Jamaica. 

Aug.  31.  Killed  by  a  fall  through  a  crevice  of 
the  Windacher  Glacier,  in  the  Otzchal,  Tyrol, 
aged  39,  the  Rev.  William  Grey  Watson^  M.A., 
Resident  Chaplain  to  the  Hon.  Society  of  Benchers, 
Gray's  Inn,  and  grandson  to  Richard  Lord  Bp. 
of  Llandaff. 

Sept.  1.  At  Mount-pl.,  aged  S4,  the  Rev.  John 
Morrison  Snody^  M.A.,  Chaplain  of  the  London 
Hospital. 

At  Vineyards,  Bath,  aged  68,  the  Rev.  John 
Peregrine  Lascelles  Fenwi4:ky  M.A. 

Sept.  3.  Suddenly,  aged  31,  the  Rev.  Roibert 
Alexander  Hamilton,  Incumbent  of  Ballisodare. 
He  was  of  a  d'  licato  constitution,  but  possessed  a 
kindly  and  loving  heart,  and  a  manly,  noble  in- 
depcndenoe.  He  was  proceeding  with  the  usual 
service  in  apparently  good  health,  but  whilst 
in  prayer  he  was  observed  to  falter  the  last  few 
words  he  was  heard  to  speak.  Before  his  con- 
gregation had  time  to  turn  round  he  had  fallen  ; 
Dr.  Adam  Simpson,  who  was  in  the  church,  im- 
mediately went  to  his  assistance,  but  he  had 
broken  a  blood-vessel  of  the  heart,  and  life  was 
extinct. — SHgo  Independent. 

Sept.  5.  At  the  Rectory,  Northleigh,  Devon, 
the  Rev.  George  Stokes,  formerly  Vicar  of  St. 
Mar}'  Magdalene,  Taunton. 

Sept.  6.  At  Christchurch-road,  Streatham, 
aged  40,  the  Rev.  Henry  Sprigg,  B.D.,  Queens' 
College,  Cambridge. 

Sept.  10.  At  Passenham  Rectory,  Northamp- 
tonshire, aged  64,  the  Rev.  Reginald  Rahett^ 
M.A.,  of  Bramfleld-hall,  Suffolk,  and  Rector  of 
PaRsonham. 

Sept.  11.  Aged  49,  the  Rev.  Edward  James ^ 
Vicar  of  Ilindhngham,  Norfolk. 

Spt.  15.  At  West  Felton  Rectory,  Salop,  aged 
73,  the  Kcv.  Tliomas Hunt,  M.A.,  Rector  of  West 
Felton,  and  of  Wentnor,  Salop. 

Sept.  16.  In  Shandwick-pl.,  Edinburgh,  aged 
63,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Henshaw  Jones f  M.A, 
St.  I'pter's  College,  Cambridge. 

Spt.  17.  At  Bath,  aged  84,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Rice,  Rector  of  Great  Holland,  Essex. 

Sept.  22.  Aged  40,  the  Rev.  Henry  Xicholas 
Oiryn,  third  son  of  the  late  Richard  Gwyn, 
esq.,  of  Stratlon  St.  Michael,  Long  Stratton, 
Norfolk. 


DEATHS. 

ABBAKOED  IH  OHBOKOLOaiOAI.  OSBXI 

Mar.  20.  Suddenly,  at  Melbourne,  AuBtn 
of  congestion  of  the  brain,  while  proaeeatbi 
tour  round  the  world,  William  Frederick  Wi 
esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barrister-At-l 
The  deceased  was  the  eldest  wm  of  Wm.  Wi 
esq.,  of  Chester,  and  grandson  of  William  Wi 
esq.,  who  for  46  years  was  Deputy  Re^Lstrm 
the  diocese  of  Chester,  and  for  28  yean  ^ 
Secretary  to  the  Bishop  of  the  same  dioceee.  ' 
deceased  was  bom  Nov.  11, 1822 ;  he  entered 
army  as  ensign  in  H.M.'s  56th  Begt.  in  Ai 
1843;  received  his  commission  as  lieut.  in 
same  Regt.,  Jan.  1845 ;  was  appointed  capt.  i 
adjutant  of  the  Merionethshire  Militia  in  11 
In  1854  he  received  a  eommisirion  aa  ool.  in 
Ottoman  Service.  He  was  called  to  the  hai 
the  Hon.  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple  on  A 
15,  1856. 

May  17.  On  board  the  ship  "  Lady  Clarendc 
on  her  passage  fh>m  India,  Mabel,  and  on 
14th  of  June,  Maud,  the  only  danghters  of  Bn 
Lieut.-Col.  Maycock,  53rd  Regt. 

June  1.  At  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  aged 
Ellen,  widow  of  Capt.  Horace  C.  Beeror,  of 
13th  Regt.  Madras  Army,  and  fifth  dan.  of 
late  Rev.  Holt  Okes,  D.D.,  of  Woodford,  £■» 

June  6.  At  Canton,  on  board  H.M.'e  gonl 
**  Starling,"  which  Tesscl  he  had  reooTered  f 
the  enemy  under  a  sharp  fire  at  Peiho  in  Ji 
1859,  aged  31,  Mr.  Oscar  Samson,  eeoond  tn*« 

June  21.    Drowned  by  falling  overboard  i 
gale  of  wind,  on  his  return  home  tnm.  ICelboc 
in  the  '*  Yorkshire,"  Mackworth  C.  Shora, 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Shore. 

June  22.  At  Orahamstown,  Cape  of  G 
Hope,  aged  26,  Henry  John  Fox,  late  of  Wind 
Berks,  attomey-at-law,  eldest  eon  of  Lni 
Owen  Fox,  M.D.,  of  Broughton,  Stockbtii 
Hants. 

July  2.    At  Montevideo,  aged  42,  Commai 
Robert  H.  B.  Rowley,  youngest  eon  of  the 
Admiral  Sir  Charles  Rowley,  bart.,  G.C.B. 

July  4.  At  Zout  Kloof,  Cape  of  Good  IIop« 
the  Journey  to  Colesberg,  Louisa  Margaret  C 
ham,  wife  of  Henry  Green,  esq..  Civil  Comi 
sioner  of  the  district  of  ColtBherg,  and  aec 
dau.  of  Lieut.  Aitchison,  R.N. 

Aug.  1.  At  Ahmednuggor,  aged  18,  En 
Frederick  W.  B.  Portman,  of  H.M.'s  15th  R 
Bombay  Native  Infantry,  son  of  Mi^or  P(»rta 
of  Doan's-oourt,  Wlmbome. 

Aug.  8.  At  his  residence,  Ashton-onder-L] 
aged  73,  Samuel  Heginbottom,  eeq.  !!• 
churchwarden  of  the  parish  in  1839,  when 
last  church-rate  (being  volontary)  waa  laid ; 
1849  he  was  appointed  a  bonragh  "»*gtttT 
and  he  subsequently  qualified  as  Joatioe  of 
Peace  for  the  County  Palatine  of  Chester. 

Aug.  5.  At  Shome,  Kent,  aged  60,  Mra.  8i 
Bradley,  after  forty  years'  service  in  the  fhi 
of  R.  W.  Jennings,  esq. 

Aug.  6.  At  her  residence,  Tynemoath,  a 
80,  Miss  Isabella  Carr,  eldest  sorrivin^  aisle 
the  late  Thos.  Carr,  esq^  lolidtor,  of  Mi 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


439 


At  Aldcrshott,  suddenly,  aged  57,  Mr.  Charleg 
Seagrim,  attorney,  of  Winchester.  He  was  a 
man  who  enjoyed  a  good  position  in  that  «ity  for 
many  years,  and  he  was  three  Umea  elected 
Mayor— in  1844,  1848,  and  1851.  He  leayes  a 
widow  and  four  children,  two  tons  and  two 
daughters ;  one  son  holding  a  commission  in  the 
army,  and  being  at  present  in  India. 

Aug.  10.  In  Paris,  aged  87,  M.  de  Palaiaeau, 
the  last  representative  of  an  ancient  family  of 
Burgundy,  and  one  of  the  last  sorriyort  of  the 
army  of  Cond£.  At  the  Restoration  he  became 
Commandant  of  the  National  Guard  at  Dijon, 
and  was  one  of  the  departmental  depntles  at 
the  coronation  of  Charles  X. ;  at  the  Revolution 
of  July,  1830,  he  retired  into  private  life,  never 
taking  any  appointment  afterwards. 

Auff.  12.  At  Hanwell,  at  his  son-in-law's^ 
aged  77,  Lieut.-Col.  John  Field  Oldham. 

At  Oadlys'house,  Llandudno,  Mary  Knight, 
wife  of  Owen  Owen,  esq.,  of  Qadlys,  Anglesea. 

Aug.  13.  At  Alma-pl.,  near  Plymouth,  aged 
43,  Commander  Edward  P.  Fuge,  R.N. 

At  Clifton-terr.,  Southsea,  Stoddart  Drysdale, 
esq.,  late  of  the  E.I.C.3.,  and  the  Qreen,  Rich- 
mond, Surrey. 

At  Odsey,  Cambs.,  aged  73,  Elisabeth,  wife  of 
Edward  Fordham,  esq. 

Aug.  14.  At  Youghal,  aged  105,  Ellen  M'Orath, 
up  to  her  last  moments  retaining  aU  her  faculties, 
and  enjoying  excellent  health  until  a  few  days 
previous  to  her  death. 

Aged  83,  Margaret,  relict  of  James  Meek, 
esq.,  of  Trafalgar-pl.  West,  Hackney-road. 

In  Richmond-road,  Dalston,  aged  55,  Mary, 
wife  of  P.  Ashcroft,  esq..  Resident  Engineer  of 
the  South-Eastern  Railway. 

At  Ashboum,  aged  71,  Frances,  widow  of  the 
late  John  Nicholson,  esq.,  surgeon. 

At  Palace-garden-villas,  Kensington,  aged  68, 
Henrietta  Randolph,  youngest  and  only  tur- 
viving  dau.  of  John,  Lord  Bishop  of  London. 

Aug.  15.  At  Combe  Down,  near  Bath,  aged 
33,  Isabella  Margaret,  wife  of  R.  D.  Crawford, 

esq. 

By  a  fall  down  a  precipice  on  the  Col  du  Gtent, 
aged  26,  Frederick  Vavasseur,  esq.,  of  Cardiff; 
youngest  son  of  the  late  James  Yavaasenr,  esq., 
of  Newington-pl.,  Surrey. 

At  her  residence,  in  James' -st.,  aged  70,  Mary, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Anthony  Feaeock,  esq., 
of  South  Kyme. 

At  Rhyl,  Denbighshire,  Sarah  Ann,  only  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  E.  Williams,  Rector  of  Pinxton, 
Derbyshire. 

At  Braunston,  near  Rugby,  (at  the  residence 
of  his  uncle,  the  Rev.  John  Jenkins,)  aged  20, 
Robinson,  eldest  son  of  R.  Elsdale,  esq.,  surgeon, 
of  Moulton,  near  Spalding, 

Aged  28,  W.  E.  Ridler,  esq.,  M.A.,  Fellow  of 
King's  College,  Cambridge. 

Aug.  16.  At  Birkby-lodge,  Huddersfleld,  aged 
82,  Joseph  Armitage,  esq.,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Deputy  Lieut  of  the  West  Riding  of  the 
county  of  York,  and  a  magistrate  for  Lancashire. 
He  had  been  magistrate  since  April  10th,  1833, 
and  a  deputy-lieut  for  nearly  half  a  oentnry. 


Suddenly,  of  fatty  degeneration  of  the  heart, 
aged  48,  Charles  A.  Hawkesworth,  esq.,  surgeon, 
of  Burton-on-Trent. 

At  his  residence,  Bathford-house,  Somerset- 
shire, aged  69,  George  Augustus  Bannatyne,  esq. 

Aug.  17.  At  Cork,  suddenly,  aged  43,  Colonel 
Arthur  John  Reynell  Pack,  C.B.,  half-pay  of  the 
7th  Fusileers,  and  Deputy-Quartermaster-Gen. 
of  the  South- Western  district.  The  deceased 
was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Sir  D. 
Pack,  K.C.B.  He  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Sebastopol,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
assault  of  the  Redan,  in  command  of  the  7th 
Fusileers.  Beside  receiving  the  war  medal,  he 
was  created  a  C.B.,  Knight  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour,  and  5th  class  of  the  Mec^idie. 

At  KUbume,  Derbyshire,  aged  74,  Mary 
Joanna,  relict  of  William  Willis  Bailey,  esq.,  and 
dau.  of  Julius  Cnsar  Ibbotson,  landscape  painter. 

At  Broaddist,  aged  83,  Emanuel  Boutcher,  esq. 

At  Gilling,  Harriet,  widow  of  Francis  Chol- 
meley,  esq.,  of  Brandsby,  Yorkshire. 

At  Clarendon-cottage,  Kingston,  Portsea,  aged 
83,  James  Dabbs,  esq.,  father  of  G.  H.  Dabbs, 
Staff-Surgeon  R.N.,  and  Medical  Officer  Park- 
hurst  Prison,  Isle  of  Wight. 

At  Falmouth,  Captain  Cariyon. 

Aug.  18.  At  Wansford,  Northamptonshire, 
aged  46,  Mr.  Thomas  Henry  Peach,  brother  of 
Mr.  C.  W.  Peach,  Comptroller  of  H.M.'s  Cnstoma 
at  Wick,  N.B. 

Aug.  19.  At  Bradford,  near  Taunton,  aged  73, 
Jdm  Easton,  esq. 

At  Woolstone-house,  Somerset,  aged  74,  Mary 
Hounaom,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fox,  of 
Temple  Coombe. 

Caused  by  an  accident  while  driving,  aged  28, 
Clarence  Henry,  eldest  son  of  George  Frederick 
Davis,  esq.,  of  Clapham-rise,  Snrrey. 

At  Heaton  Norris,  aged  71,  Ellen,  relict  of 
Edward  Hudson,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  of  the 
same  place. 

At  Welshpool,  Montgomeryshire,  aged  68, 
William  Yearsley,  esq.,  solicitor. 

Hannah  Elizabeth,  wifb  of  George  Hnttoa 
Riddell,  esq.,  of  Carlton-on-Trent. 

Aged  26,  Emma  Jane,  dau.  of  Philip  Watson, 
esq.,  of  King's  Lynn. 

At  Hebbnm  Colliery,  aged  91,  Catherine  James. 
She  has  left  9  chUdren,  85  grand-children,  105 
great  grand-children,  and  two  great  great  grand- 
children ;  total  199.— Sunderland  Herald. 

At  Pontrienx,  the  Baron  de  la  Snaae,  Yiee- 
Adm(ral  in  the  French  Navy. 

Aug.  30.  At  Weston,  near  Bath,  Joseph  Henry 
Storie  Jekyll,  esq.,  of  Yotk-terraoe,  Regent'a- 
park,  the  youngest  son.  of  the  late  Capt.  Jekyll, 
R.N.,  of  Roundhill-hoase,  Wineanton. 

At  Southwell,  aged  84,  Elizabeth  Sutton,  relict 
of  William  Wylde,  esq. 

At  Park-cottage,  Dane-bank,  Congleton,  aged 
93,  MIm  ThonicrMt,  late  of  Old  Moreton  Hall. 

At  Newmarket,  of  oonsumption,  aged  50,  Mr. 
Nathan  Flatman.  He  was  for  many  years  recog- 
nised as  a  flrst-rate  jockey,  and  was  held  in  high 
esteem  by  Lord  Chesterfield,  Mr.  Payne,  aqfi 
othen.   He  rode  the  vioners  of  nuuiy  ol  the 


440 


Obituary. 


[C 


great  races,  among  others,  "Orlando**  for  the 
Derby  in  the  "Running  Rein"  year,  and  Ix)rd 
Clifden'8  "Surplice"  for  the  Doncaster  St.Lcgor 
in  1848.  lie  was  Mverely  kicked  some  months 
since,  which  no  doubt  accelerated  hin  death. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  61,  Mary  Anna 
Goodchild,  of  Lymington,  Hants,  only  surviring 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Ooodchild,  esq.,  of  the 
Stock  Exchange. 

At  his  roflidonce,  Ileroules-buildings,  Lambeth, 
aged  37,  Mr.  Richard  Flexmore,  the  well-known 
clown.  Mr.  Flexmore  may  be  said  to  hare  com- 
menced life  as  a  pantomimist,  for  at  the  early 
age  of  U  years  ho  made  his  first  appearance  at  a 
small  theatre  which  then  existed  at  Chelsea,  in  a 
fantastic  piece  called  "  The  Man  in  the  Moon." 
He  danced  very  effectively  a  burlesque  shadow 
dance.  lie  subsequently  became  a  pupil  of  Mr. 
Frampton,  and  shewed  great  aptitude  for  stage 
business  in  his  own  peculiar  line.  He  was  espe- 
cially celebrated  for  his  close  and  natural  imita- 
tion, d  la  CUncnt  of  the  leading  Terpsiehoreans 
of  the  day,  such  as  Porrot,  Carlotta  Grisi,  Tag- 
lioni,  Ccrito,  &o.,  and  in  these  imitations  none 
laughed  more  heartily  or  enjoyed  them  more 
than  the  originals  who  happened  to  witness 
them.  He  married  Mademoiselle  Auriol,  and 
both  himself  and  his  wife,  who  sarTires  him,  be- 
came great  favourites  with  the  public.  His  last 
appearance  before  the  public  was  for  a  benefit  at 
the  Surrey  Theatre,  either  in  March  or  April.— ^ 
Hxpress. 

At  Torquay,  Sarah  Anne,  widow  of  A.  Dabbs, 
esq.,  of  Seckington,  Warwickshire. 

At  Crescent -cottage,  Wrexham,  aged  72, 
Eleanor,  relict  of  John  Thomas,  esq.,  of  Berg- 
bill,  near  Whittington,  Salop,  (formerly  of  the 
Board  of  Control,)  and  last  surviring  dau.  of  the 
late  Mr.  Thomas  Hufrhes,  of  High-st.,  Wrexham. 

Auff,  21.  At  Wildon-grange,  Ronaldkirk, 
aged  39,  Mary,  wife  of  John  Helmer,  esq. 

At  Dorking,  Surrey,  Benjamin  Draegor,  esq., 
of  Upper  Chadwe1l-«t.,  Pontonville. 

At  Milverton,  Somerset,  aged  75,  Charles  Est- 
court  Day,  esq.,  Commander  R.N.  The  deceased 
entered  the  Navy  1st  November,  1798.  He  saw 
much  service  during  the  war  of  1803,  and  com- 
manded a  gunboat  at  the  defence  of  Cadiz,  and  in 
1812-13  was  employed  between  Liobon,  Cadiz, 
and  Gibraltar,  conveying  despatches  and  freights 
of  government  money,  and  on  other  particular 
services. 

At  the  Baths  of  Lamalon,  near  Montpollier, 
General  Pelletier  Descarrieres. 

At  Turin,  aged  65,  M.  M^eroni,  the  Italian 
actor  who  played  in  Paris  with  Mme.  Rintori. 
lie  was  the  son  of  a  Colonel  of  Engineers  who 
directed  the  construction  of  the  fort  of  Malghera 
at  Venice  under  the  first  Empire,  and  himself 
entered  the  French  service  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  Captain  in  the  4th  Light  Infantry,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Dresden.  After  the 
peace  he  left  the  army  and  became  actor,  dramatic 
writer,  and  manager.—  Oalignani. 

Aug.  22.  At  Billbro*-hall,  Yorkshire,  George 
Champney,  esq.,  M.D. 

Aged  57,  M.  Alexandre  Gabriel  Decamps,  one 

13 


of  the  most  celebrated  painters  of  the  mo 
school.  He  met  with  an  untimely  death  at ! 
tai  nbleuu.  He  had  mounted  his  horse  to  hunt 
the  Emperor's  houndn,  when  the  *"lTnal 
fHght,  daflhed  his  rider  against  the  oTerhasi 
branch  of  a  tree,  (not  against  a  etoae  wal 
has  been  incorrectly  stated,)  and  killed  hn 
the  spot.  M.  Decamps,  who  had  treveUod  m 
and  was  a  man  of  great  originalitj  of  cham 
had  produced  several  remarkable  paintiniri 
"The  Turkiiih  Coffee-house,"  "The  Bara 
"  The  Halt  of  Arab  Horsemen,"  *•  The  Defei 
Uie  Clmbri,*' "  Turkish  Children  Leaving  8ch< 
"Joseph  Sold  by  his  Brothers,"  '*Mo«es  Si 
from  the  Waters  of  the  Nile,"  and  nine  eceDi 
the  life  of  Samson.  Oalignani  contains  an  ■ 
sing  story  regarding  Decamps,  which  may  he  1 
though  similar  tales  have  booi  told  of  other 
ties:— "Decamps  was  very  intinoate  with 
Duke  of  Orleans,  eldest  son  of  Lonin-Phili 
who  like  him  met  with  his  death  throofi 
restive  horse.  Long  before  the  painter  had 
quired  a  European  celebrity,  the  duke  eoltiv 
his  ft'iendship,  and  used  to  visit  hini  in  his  h 
ble  abode  on  the  fifth  or  sixth  story  with  all 
familiarity  of  an  old  acquaintanoe.  One 
when  his  Royal  Highness  was  goin^  up  to 
Decamps,  as  he  passed  the  porter*e  lodge, 
functionary  inquired  whom  he  was  going  to 
On  finding  that  he  was  going  to  Decamps*, 
man  asked  him  to  have  the  Idndneaa  to  carr 
a  coat  which  a  tailor  had  Jnst  left  for  the  paii 
The  visitor  consented,  and  great  was  the  astoi 
ment  of  Decamps  when,  on  opening  the  dom 
saw  the  prince  enter  with  the  coat  on  his  \ 
and  heard  him  say,  laughing  heartil j,  *  Tt 
Decamps,  is  a  coat  which  your  porter  and  t] 
have  sent  you  I'  The  painter  began  to  apolo| 
but  the  prince  stopped  him.  *  Do  not  men 
it,*  said  he.  '  Tou  have  a  fine  ooat  there ; 
you  do  me  a  pleasure!*  *Two,  if  I  csa,  ^ 
Royal  Ilighnetis.'  *  WeU,  let  it  he  two.  Sc 
on  the  coat  and  come  and  dine  with  me.'  ** 

At  her  residence,  Porehester-tcrr.,  Hyde-i 
Miss  Kemeys  Tynte. 

At  Plymouth,  Betsey  Fomeaux,  relict  of  C 
Michelmore,  esq.,  solicitor,  Totnea. 

At  Hove,  Suraex,  aged  62,  John  Wehster,  i 
late  of  Southgate,  Middlesex. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Milton  Abhts,  Doreety  age 
Richard  Lloyd  Jones,  esq. 

At  Truro,  aged  81,  John  Ferris  BenaUack,  < 
a  senior  member  of  the  legal  profeecion,  fori 
than  forty  years  an  advocate  at  the  quarter 
sions  and  in  the  conrt  of  the  Tioe-Warden, 
for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  elcrk  to 
magistrates  for  the  borough.  He  waa  membi 
the  Corporation  of  Truro  under  the  lAA  ayal 
and  had  the  unosusl  honour  of  filling  the  o 
of  mayor  during  four  snccesrive  yeara. 

At  Boreham,  Essex,  aged  74,  Maria,  reUi 
Capt.  Wm.  Henry  Haselfoot. 

At  Coligny,  aged  57,  .^drien  de  la  Team 
formerly  president  of  the  Royal  Oonrt  at  TH^ 
and  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Depntlee,     ^ 

While  bathing  in  the  Lake  of  WalleiutadI, 
Simon,  of  BreeUv,  who  wai  one  of  the  leadn 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


441 


the  revolution  of  1848 ;  and  who,  after  the  disso- 
lution of  the  Frankfort  parliament,  took  refuge 
in  Switzerland. 

Aug.  23.  At  Smyrna,  aged  23,  Elfirida  Mary, 
wife  of  Capt.  James  Atkinson,  formerly  of  the 
72nd  Highlanders,  and  dan.  of  the  late  R.  B. 
Abbott,  esq. 

Suddenly,  aged  77,  J.  Simpson,  esq.,  of  Scar- 
horough,  late  of  Farnville-lodge,  Leeds. 

At  Loches,  Indre-et-Loire,  Charlotte,  second 
dau.  of  Dr.  Morgan,  late  of  Barnstaple. 

At  her  residence,  Baildon-house,  New  Cross, 
Amelia  Maria,  wife  of  Henry  Tomkies,  esq.,  and 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Baild»n,  esq.,  R.N. 

At  Balshaw  Outwood,  Handforth,  Cheshire, 
aged  84,  Nathan  Pendlebury,  esq.,  formerly  of 
Redcliffe,  Lancashire. 

At  Pontefract,  Yorkshire,  Elizabeth  Foss,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Hepworth,  esq.,  of  Pon- 
tefract. 

At  New  York,  aged  54,  Jas.  Sutton  Elliott,  esq., 
late  Principal  Military  Storekeeper  in  Her  Bri- 
tannic Majesty's  Service. 

The  Countess  de  Saint  Marsault,  wife  of  the 
Pref''ct  of  the  Beine-et-Oisc,  in  consequence  of 
the  injuries  she  sustained  on  the  occasion  of  a 
fire  at  a  ball  at  the  Prefecture  some  months 
since,  while  endeavouring  to  extinguish  the 
flanes  which  had  caught  the  dress  of  a  lady,  one 
of  the  guests. 

At  Dieppe,  aged  62,  the  Marquis  Quiqueran- 
Beaujeu,  formerly  a  captain  of  cavalry. 

Aug.  24.  At  West  Mailing,  aged  46,  Harriet, 
dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Flower,  esq.,  of  East 
Woodhay,  and  Basingstoke,  Hants. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  59,  Joseph  Cade,  esq., 
late  British  Consul  at  Panama,  South  America. 

At  Copford  Rectory,  Essex,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Kcnnett  C.  Bayley,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Jas.  Drake  Brockman,  esq.,  of  Beachborough, 
Kent. 

At  his  residence,  Finchley  New-road,  Hamp- 
stead,  aged  75,  Thomas  Burn  Hopgood,  esq. 

At  Swainston,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  39,  Jane,  the 
wife  of  Major  Sir  John  Simeon,  bart.,  and  only 
dau.  uf  the  late  Sir  Frederick  Baker,  bart. 

At  Whitchurch,  Shropshire,  aged  69,  George 
Corscr,  cq. 

Aged  30,  Frances  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  lute  Richard  Taylor,  esq.,  of  the  Abbey  Fore- 
gate,  Shrewsbury. 

Aug.  25.  At  the  London  and  County  Bank, 
Gruvesend,  aged  37,  T.  E.  Pittock,  esq.,  Manager. 

At  Warwick,  aged  72,  Lucy,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
John  Fan-,  of  that  place,  and  second  dan.  of  the 
late  Mr.  Belcher,  of  Manchester. 

At  Weston  Colville,  Cambs.,  aged 93,  John  Hall, 
cs<i.,  who  for  a  long  period  miniatered  in  every 
way  to  the  benefit  of  those  around  him,  par- 
ticularly to  the  poor  on  his  estates.  He  was 
interred  in  the  family  vault  of  Weston  Colville 
Church,  and  followed  to  his  last  resting-place  by 
his  Hons,  General  and  Major  Hall,  and  other 
members  of  the  family,  as  also  by  a  considerable 
number  of  his  tenantry. 

At  Grmidisbiirgh,  Suffolk,  aged  54,  Edward 
Actun,  esq.,  surgeon.    He  was  a  man  of  com- 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


prehensive  attainments,  conchologist,  fossilist, 
antiquary,  and  numismatist,  and  these  pur- 
suits he  followed  with  a  passionate  ardour.  No 
one  was  better  acquainted  with  the  various  and 
minute  shells  which  abound  in  the  Suffolk  crag, 
or  in  the  fossils  underlying  it,  than  Mr.  Acton : 
no  one  collected  antiquities  with  g^reater  ardour. 
The  Celtic  implements  of  warfare,  Roman  and 
British  urns,  articles  illustrating  manners  and 
customs  of  that  early  period,  medieoval  works  of 
art,  manuscripts  in  vellum,  black-lettered  bokes, 
engravings,  &c.,  were  collected  with  eager  avidity. 
In  the  knowledge  of  coins  illustrating  Roman  and 
British  history,  Mr.  Acton  was  perhaps  surpassed 
by  none,  and  at  one  period  of  his  life  he  was  in 
possession  of  a  very  valuable  collection.  But  as 
the  thirst  for  collecting  was  insatiable,  the  power 
of  retention  often  failed.  Mr.  Acton  from  time 
to  time  disposed  of  many  of  his  choicest  things, 
and  the  British  Museum  is  now  the  depository  of 
many  relics  precious  in  the  eye  of  the  antiquary, 
which  that  gentleman  probably  saved  from  de- 
struction. But  there  was  always  a  large  and 
valued  store  in  Mr.  Acton*s  cabinets,  and  his  last 
diys  were  spent  in  making  a  catalogue  raisonn§e, 
illustrated  by  photographic  drawing?,  of  a  collec- 
tion of  Roman  antiquities  Arom  the  ancient  Camu- 
lodunum  (Colchester),  a  collection,  perhaps,  un- 
exampled in  the  kingdom. 

In  London,  Catherine  Adelaide,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  Faulkner,  M.A.,  of  Hampstead. 

At  Warwick,  aged  72,  Lucy,  widow  of  the  Rer. 
John  Farr,  of  Warwick,  and  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Mr.  Belcher,  of  Manchester. 

Aug.  26.  In  Moore-st.,  Upper  Chelsea,  Mar- 
garet Bainbridge,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Hoare,  Vicar  of  Framfield,  Sussex. 

At  Great  Malvern,  suddenly,  of  disease  of  the 
heart,  aged  61,  Emma,  wife  of  Philip  Cazenove, 
esq.,  of  Clapham-common,  Surrey. 

At  Hastings,  aged  66,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Capt.  Frederick  Phillips,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Jonathan  George  Micklethwait,  esq. 

Edith  Pascoe,  sixth  dau.  of  Wm.  Danby,  esq., 
of  Park-house,  Moimt  Radford. 

At  Wobum-pl.,  RuBsell-sq.,  (the  residence  of 
her  son-in-law,  Geo.  Lewis  Cooper,  esq.,)  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  RiC  ard  Estcourt  Cresswell,  esq., 
of  Pinkney-park,  Wilts,  and  of  Bibury-court, 
Gloucestershire,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rer. 
C.  Coxwell,  of  Ablington-housc,  in  the  same 
county. 

In  Harley-street,  aged  73,  J.  R.  Elmore,  esq., 
M.D.,  fifty-four  years  member  of  the  R.C.S.L. 
At  Hampton-court  Palace,  Mrs.  Catesby  Paget. 
Aug.  27.  At  Southampton,  aged  21,  WiUiam, 
eldest  son  of  William  Entwisle,  of  Rusholme- 
house,  Manchester,  and  Comet  in  H.M.'s  2nd 
Life  Guards. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Bishop  Auckland,  aged  31, 
Catherine  Talbot,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  Edward 
Green,  and  dan.  of  Thomas  Peacock,  esq.,  of 
that  place. 

At  Beaufort-castle,  aged  83,  Mrs.  Fraser,  of 
Strichcn,  relict  of  Capt.  Fraser,  of  Strlchen,  and 
mother  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Lorat. 

Aged  78,  John  Henry  Cattley,  esq.,  of  York. 

8a 


442 


Obitvary. 


[Oct. 


At  Folkestone,  aged  64,  Lucy,  wife  of  Com- 
mander Shillingford,  K.N. 

At  Oifton-ter.,  Margate,  aged  19,  Sophy,  dau. 
of  Lieut.-Col.  and  Mrs.  James  Oliphant,  of  Wim- 
bledon. 

At  Dane-house,  Margate,  Kent,  aged  80,  Sarah, 
wife  of  William  Barker,  esq. 

Aged  70,  at  Croydon,  Felicitfe,  widow  of  C.  M. 
Sola,  esq. 

Aged  20,  John,  only  son  of  Thomas  Bingham, 
esq.,  Duffleld-rd.,  Lerby. 

In  Henrietta-st.,  Bath,  aged  70,  Robert  Craw- 
ford, esq.,  late  of  Chelsfleld-court-lodge,  Kent. 

At  Hampstead  Marshall,  Newbury,  aged  78, 
the  Right  Hon.  Louisa,  Dowager  Countess  of 
Craven.  The  late  countess  was  well  known 
upon  the  London  boards  some  half  century  ago 
as  one  of  the  most  popular  favourites  of  the  day, 
under  her  maiden  name  as  Miss  Louisa  Brunton. 
Lady  Craven  was  the  dau.  of  a  gentleman  long 
connected  with  the  theatre  at  Norwich,  and  by 
the  laie  Earl  of  Craven,  to  whom  she  was  mar- 
ried in  1807,  she  had  three  sons  and  one  dau.,  of 
whom  the  present  Earl  of  Craven  and  his  young- 
est brother  arc  the  only  survivors. 

At  Canford,  Wimborne,  aged  77,  William 
Uurd,  esq. 

At  hie  residence,  Bathwick-house,  Major  Thos. 
Moore,  late  of  the  Royal  Marines.  Major  Moore 
served  in  H.M.S.  "  Amphion"  trom  May,  1803, 
to  July,  I81I,  and  was  senior  officer  of  Royal 
Marines  in  the  action  off  Lissa,  March  13,  1810. 
Ue  was  twice  severely  wounded,  and  twice  re- 
warded from  the  Patriotic  Fund,  lie  Lad  been 
in  upwards  of  thirty  successful  contests  with  the 
enemy,  frequently  officially  mentioned  for  hia 
gallantry,  and  had  received  the  war-medal  with 
three  clasps. 

At  Belmont,  near  Bristol,  William  Lloyd,  third 
surviving  i>on  of  the  late  Geo.  Henry  Oibbs,  esq., 
of  Bcdford-sq.,  London. 

In  Paris,  .M.  Lecouturier,  who  edited  the 
scientific  department  of  the  Moniteur. 

In  Paris,  M.  Leroy  d'EtioUes,  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  for- 
merly staff-  surgeon  of  the  National  Guard. 

Aug.  28.  At  Great  Malvern,  aged  63,  Mary, 
widow  of  Frederick  Webb,  esq.,  of  West  wick,  co. 
Durham. 

At  Rosclle,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Frances  Marga- 
retta,  relict  of  Thomas  Read  Kemp,  esq.,  of 
Kemp-town,  Brighton,  and  lister  of  the  late  Sir 
Charles  Shakerley,  hart.,  of  Bomerford-park, 
Cheshire. 

At  his  residence  in  Edward-st.,  Bath,  aged 
67,  John  Jones,  esq.,  for  many  years  Capt.  in  the 
1st  Somerset  Militia. 

At  her  residence,  Colton-honse,  Staffordshire, 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  John  Hill,  esq.,  Attorney- 
General  of  the  Chester  Circuit,  and  grandson  of 
the  late  Sir  Rowland  Hill,  hart.,  of  Hawkestone, 
Salop. 

At  her  residence,  North-pl.,  Cheltenham,  aged 
80,  Mrs.  Tounghusband,  relict  of  Major  Robert 
Youngbusband  of  the  53rd  Regt. 

Aiig.  29.  At  Bower-house,  Dunbar,  GenersU 
Carftrae,  H.E.I.C.S. 


At  CupoU-hooieb  Heworth-gretn,  York,  aged 
78,  Thomas  Flshbum  Hall,  .esq. 

At  his  residence,  Atlingworth-rt.,  Brighton, 
aged  66,  Daniel  Goseet,  M.D.,  formerly  of 
Leicester,  and  of  Victoria-sq.,  Reading,  Berks. 

At  Homerton,  Middlesex,  aged  53,  WillUm 
Row,  esq.,  surgeon,  late  of  Beckley. 

At  the  Priory,  Mendham,  Suffolk,  Bosamond 
Mary,  wife  of  Capt.  W.  J.  Wood,  and  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Sir  Alexander  Dixie,  barL,  of  Bos- 
worth-park,  Leicestershire. 

At  Holyhead,  aged  56,  Capt.  John  Boberta, 
Assistant  Harbour-master. 

At  his  residence,  Netherbury,  Dorset,  aged  50, 
Nathaniel  Saunders,  esq.,  for  numy  years  water- 
bailiff  to  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London. 

At  Pensam,  near  Abergele,  North  Wales, 
aged  59,  Penelope,  wife  of  the  Ber.  Frederick 
Custance,  Rector  of  Colwell,  Herefordshire. 

Aug.  30.  At  his  residence,  Laneelot-eottage, 
Malton-road,  William  Singleton,  esq.,  solicit<Nr, 
of  York. 

Aged  61,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Frederick  Yates, 
formerly  of  the  Adelphi  Theatre.  She  was  the 
dau.  of  Mr.  John  Brunton,  manager  of  the  N<»'- 
wich  circuit,  and  niece  of  the  Dowager  Countess 
of  Craven;  was  bom  on  the  Slst  of  January, 
1799,  and,  after  performing  in  the  proTinccs, 
made  her  first  appearance  in  London  at  Covent- 
garden,  in  September,  1817,  as  Letltia  Hardy  in 
the  *'  Belle's  Stratagem."  She  continued  at  this 
theatre,  playing  the  chief  high  comedy  charac- 
ters, till  the  year  1824,  when  she  nuuried  Mr. 
Fred.  Yates,  with  whose  triumphs  as  manager  of 
the  Adelphi  she  was  intimately  associated.  She 
remained  at  the  Adelphi  for  some  time  after  tbs 
death  of  her  husband  in  1842,  and  aftenraids 
played  for  a  single  season  at  the  Lyceum.  Ahont 
eleven  years  ago  she  retired  from  the  profbedoo, 
of  which  she  was  a  most  distinguished  ornament. 

At  Glooester-pl.,  Portman-sq.,  aged  70,  Ueot.- 
Gen.  Horatio  George  Broke,  CoL  of  H.M.'s  B8th 
Regt.  The  deceased  officer  had  seoi  much  ser- 
vice, hating  accompanied  the  62nd  Begt.  on  the 
expedition  to  Copenhagen  in  1807,  and  in  the 
following  year  on  that  to  Portugal,  and  being 
present  at  the  battle  of  Vimicra,  the  advaaea 
into  Spain,  and  retreat  under  Sir  John  Moore.  In 
1809  he  served  in  the  Waloheren  expedition.  In 
1811  he  Joined  the  Light  Division  on  the  zetrcal 
of  Massena  from  the  lines  of  Lisbon,  and  serrcd 
in  Spain  till  the  end  of  the  war.  In  181S  he 
Joined  Sir  Henry  Clinton  as  aide-de-camp  at  the 
siege  of  Burgos,  and  was  scTerely  wounded, 
being  shot  through  the  lungs  while  serring  with 
him  at  the  battle  of  Orthes.  He  slao  served  with 
the  Army  of  Occupation  in  France  fhsm  1815 
to  1818  as  aide-dc-oamp  to  Sir  Henry  CUnton, 
and  received  the^war-medal  with  four  daaps  far 
his  services  at  Yhniera,  Hslamsnoa,  NiTe«  and 
Orthes. 

At  Tredognoc  Rectwy,  HonmouthshiK,  of 
scarlet,  fever,  aged  86,  Eleanor  Isabella,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Philip  Oell,  and  only  ehild  of  tte 
late  Sir  John  Franklin,  K.IL 

Lieut.  F.  G.  Smith,  B.N.,  for  25  years  ddsT 
officer  of  the  Coastguard  Station,  Kimmtridgn. 


I860.] 


Obituabt. 


443 


In  Rutland  •street,  Edinburgh,  Lieut. -CoL 
Humphrey  Hay,  late  of  the  Bengal  Caralry, 
third  and  sole  surviTing  son  of  the  late  Bobort 
Hay,  esq.,  of  Spott,  East  Lothian. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  76,  Ann  Elisabeth,  ddeet 
dau.  of  the  late  Ber.  Wm.  Chapman,  "^car  of  St. 
John's,  Margate. 

At  Cherchell,  Algeria,  M.  de  Lannay,  dhdl 
commisidoner  in  that  settiement. 

At  the  chateau  of  YendeuTre,  Aube,  H.  Bte6 
Bourlon,  member  of  the  General  Cooneil  of  the 
Aube,  son  of  the  late  BeceiTer-Oeneral  ot  Yiirjt 
and  brother  to  M.  Bourlon  de  Sarty,  who,  preri- 
ous  to  1S48,  was  Prefect  of  the  Mame.  M.  Bour- 
lon, who  was  lieutenant  de  louveterie  (master  of 
the  wolf-hounds)  for  the  arrondissement  of  Bar- 
sur-Aube,  was  engaged  in*  chasing  wild  boars, 
when  a  ball,  in  its  recoil,  broke  his  arm,  paased 
through  his  shoulder,  and  lodged  in  his  body, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  in  a  few  days. 

On  board  the  steamship  "  Bipon,*'  from  effeets 
of  climate,  aged  63,  MaJ,-Oen.  Henry  Prederiek 
Lockyer,  C.6.,  K.H.,  ftc,  late  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Forces  in  Ceylon,  and  Acting  Lieat- 
Oovemor. 

Aug.  31.  At  his  reddenoe,  Totnee,  at  a  Tcry 
advanced  age,  James  Lusoombe,  esq. 

At  Pickering,  aged  89,  Thomas  Nieholson,  esq., 
a  magistrate  for  the  North  Biding  of  Yorkshire, 
and  formerly  colonel  of  militia. 

On  board  the  "  Bipon,"  on  the  erening  before 
the  arriyal  at  Southampton,  suddenly,  of  disease 
of  the  heart,  aged  41.  Edward  Frederick  Kelaart, 
esq.,  M.D.,  Staff-surgeon,  Isle  of  CeyUm. 

At  Joiners'-hall,  London,  aged  86,  Thomas 
Oandell,  esq. 

At  Epworth,  in  the  Isle  of  Axholme,  aged  66, 
Mr.  William  Bead. 

LaUly,  In  Egypt,  M.  d'Anastaaiani,  bead  of  a 
large  banking  establishment,  who  has  been  kmg 
known  fnr  his  extenrive  charitiea.  He  has  died 
Tery  wealthy.  The  director  <rf  the  politioal  de- 
partment of  the  Freneh  ministry  tax  foreigii 
affairs  at  Constantinople,  M.  Benedettl,  is  his 
son-in-law. 

At  Rome,  aged  70,  Commander  Joeaph  de  FaN 
ris,  director  of  the  Moaenm  there,  and  a  dia- 
tinguished  sculptor. 

Sept.  I.  At  Wrottedey,  aged  S8,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Edward  Ooodhdce,  only  siinriTfaig  dan.  of 
Lord  Wrottealey. 

At  EUesboroogh  Rectory,  Bueks,  BiebaidHey, 
esq.,  of  York,  eonsnlting  sorgeon  to  the  Toik 
County  Hospital. 

At  the  Oovemeeiea*  Asylom,  Gralton-plaoe, 
Kentish-town,  aged  72,  Miaa  Louisa  Graham 
Laurie. 

John  Blair,  esq.,  proeurator -ilseal,  Inrine, 
and  another  gentUanan,  were  drowned  in  the 
wtLt  Gtt  Irvine.  A  par^  of  flTe^  oompoeed  of 
Mr.  Blair,  a  lad,  a  relatire  of  his,  and  three 
others,  went  out  in  a  boat  intending  to  sail 
as  far  as  Troon.  After  passing  Inrine  bar,  the 
boat  capsised,  and  all  were  thrown  into  the 
sea.  Mr.  Blair,  who  was  a  good  swimmer,  en- 
deavoured to  save  hlmidf  and  the  yoong  lad* 
but  before  BBaietanoa  oama  to  tham  h»  had  luik. 


The  lad  was  saved,  but  Mr.  Blab:  and  another  of 
the  party  were  loet  The  body  of  Mr.  Blair  waa 
soon  after  recovered,  but  all  eflbrts  to  restore 
animation  were  f^ruitlesa. 

At  Southampton,  aged  40,  Emma  Doona, 
widow  of  the  Bev.  J.  O.  Shadwdl,  Bector  of  All 
Saints,  Southampton. 

At  Ahmednuggur,  aged  18,  Ensign  Frederick 
W.  B.  Portman,  of  H.M.  15th  Begt.  Bombay  Na- 
tive Infantry,  youngest  son  of  Mi^  Portman,  of 
Deane*s-court,  Wimbome. 

At  Glamford  Brigg%  LinoolnaUre,  aged  76,  Mr. 
John  Twigg,  Ikrmer,  late  of  Wrawby,  in  the  same 
eoonty. 

Near  the  Pas  d'Agnean,  on  the  monntaina  of 
Savoy,  Antonio  Tonini,  a  young  Piedmontese 
engineer.  He  had  befn  employed  in  measuring 
the  boundary  line  of  the  eommnnea  of  Ooi^ioiie, 
Bramans,  and  ExiUes,  whidh  rana  along  the 
glaciers  on  the  mountains  between  Savoy  and 
Italy.  Having  aooomplished  his  task,  with  the 
aid  of  three  guides,  the  party  began  to  deaoend, 
and  had  reached  the  Pas  d'Agnean,  where 
they  deliberated  as  to  the  choice  between  two 
routes,  one  short  and  dangerous,  the  other  dr- 
onitous,  but  safe.  The  nnfortonate  engineer  de- 
termined to  take  the  shorter  ronte^  but  the 
guides  took  the  other.  The  latter,  not  Undfaig 
their  employer  at  the  appointed  rendesvous,  sus- 
pected some  accident  had  luippened,  and,  on 
going  baek,  discovered  that  M.  Tonini  had 
slipped  thrcmgh  the  snow  into  a  erevloe  in  tiia 
glader,  scarcely  three  feet  wide  and  some  sixty 
feet  dMp.  He  called  to  them  to  draw  him  npi 
but  three  boors  d^wed  beftnv  ropes  eoold  bo 
procured,  and  the  young  man  had  then  snnk 
under  the  effects  of  the  oold  and  the  injuries  re- 
ceived .in  the  fell.  His  body  was  fouid  the  vnX 
day  in  the  torrent  whieh  issues  from  the  ^btoleri 
and  was  interred  at  Susa. 

Sept.  3.  Suddenly,  at  Oreenwieh  Hoqpllal, 
Commander  Edward  Garrett.  He  waa  wounded 
when  lieutenant  of  the  <*  Mars**  at  Trafidgar, 
and  was  in  the  same  ship  at  the  ei^tore  of  the 
frigate  '*  Bhin*'  and  four  others.  He  was  at  tiio 
taking  of  Copenhagen  in  1807,  and  senior  Bent, 
of  the  **  Onyx"  at  the  eaptare  of  the  Dotoh  brig* 
of-war  "  Manly**  in  1800.  He  waa  appofaitad  a 
oommander  in  Greenwieh  Hoqiital  i^prfl  1844. 

At  hia  residenoe,  Nevill-pk.,  Tonbridge  WeUs* 
aged  71,  John  Batteashaw,  eeq. 

Aged  14,  Fanny,  dan.  of  the  Bev.  Q.  BainiMr» 
YiearofNinfleld. 

At  York,  suddenly,  aged  66,  Biohard  Braml«y, 
eeq.,  formeriy  of  Leeds. 

At  Southwell,  aged  60,  Catherine,  eldest  sur- 
viving dan.  of  the  late  Wm.  Wylde,  esq. 

At  St.  Leoaard'»-oB-8ea,  Harriet,  widow  of 
Chas.  Barker,  eeq.,  of  Upper  Lansdowna-tcfraeoa 
Nottfaig-hill. 

At  Biarrits,  Mlas  Blefaardson,  of  BidihOl,  eo. 
Armagh.  This  Isdy  hsd  passed  ttie  sommer  ai 
Bianiti,  and,  aeeordfaig  to  her  usual  eostom, 
waa  walking  ott  the  evening  of  August  S3  la 
oompany  with  her  sister,  Mrs.  Baoon.  WhUe 
passing  a  eUff  the  deoeased  lady's  pansol  feU 
feumber  head,  and  on  attsmpthig  to  luconr  It 


AAA 


Obituary. 


[Oct. 


she  missed  her  footing,  and  rolled  down  a  preci- 
pice of  some  200  feet ;  she  lingered  in  much  pain 
until  the  2nd  of  Sept. 

At  Berwick  St.  John,  Wiltn,  aged  77,  Charlotte, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Downes,  Rector  of  that 
parii«h,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Grove, 
esq.,  of  Feme. 

At  Cheltenham,  William  Shepherd,  esq.,  of 
Clifton,  late  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  and 
member  of  the  Inner  Temple. 

Sept.  3.  At  Durham,  aged  32,  Henry,  eldest 
son  of  Henry  Smalcs,  et»q.,  of  York. 

At  Lamorbey,  Kent,  in  her  3rd  year,  Susan 
Emily,  only  dau.  of  Mr.  Charles  Henry  and 
Lady  Louisa  Mills,  and  niece  of  the  Earl  of 
Harcwood. 

At  her  refddcnce,  Rcgency-sq.,  Brighton,  aged 
82,  Louisa,  widow  of  Thos.  Holt  White,  esq.,  of 
Chase-lodge,  Eufleld,  and  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Rashleigh,  esq.,  of  Penquite,  Cornwall. 

At  Kensington-pl.,  aged  90,  Sam.  Scott,  esq. 

Sept.  4.  At  Scarcroft-grange,  aged  50,  John 
Arthur  Ikin,  esq.,  town-clerk  of  Leeds. 

At  Chellaston,  aged  74,  Ooorge  Wootton,  esq. 

At  Ostcrley-pk.,  the  Countess  of  Jersey's  seat, 
near  Hanwell,  Lady  Adcla  Ibbotson,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Dowager  Coimtess  of  Jersey,  and 
sister  of  the  late  Princess  Nicholas  Estcrhazy 
and  of  I^dy  Clementina  Villiers.  She  was  bom 
March  25,  1828,  and  married  in  November,  1845, 
Capt.  Charles  Parke  Ibbction,  then  of  the  1 1th 
Hussars. 

At  Mansfield  Woodhouse,  aged  72,  Margaret, 
wife  of  Charles  Neale,  esq. 

At  Uddcns,  Wimborne,  Charlotte,  wife  of  T.  B. 
Evans,  esq.,  of  North  Toddenham,  and  of  Deane, 
Oxon,  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John 
Simeon,  hart. 

At  Dersingham,  aged  30,  Jane  Stort,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  O.  Chadwick,  esq.,  of  Dersing- 
ham. 

At  Basford,  Notts,  aged  8G,  Mrs.  Bailey,  relict 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Bailey,  author  of  '*  The  Annals  of 
Nottinghamshire,"  and  mother  of  Mr.  Philip  J. 
Bailey,  author  of  "  Festus." 

Sept.  5.  At  Clevc-hou«e,  near  Exeter,  aged 
84,  I^dy  Riggs  Miller,  relict  of  Sir  John  Riggs 
Miller,  bart.,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Beauchamp,  esq.,  of  Bengre(;p,  Comwall. 

At  Ealing,  by  railway  accident,  aged  36,  Chas. 
Favrcett,  esq.,  of  the  Admiralty,  Somerset-house, 
only  son  of  Capt.  Fawcott,  R.N. 

At  Charlton-house,  near  Cheltenham,  Anne 
Thooduoia,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Causton, 
D.I).,  Canon  of  Westminster. 

At  Harrogate,  aged  37,  the  Hon.  James  Lyon 
Browne.  The  deceased  was  the  <  Idest  tmn  of 
Lord  Kilmaiue,  and  commenced  bis  military 
career  in  1842  as  Second  Lieut,  of  the  21st  Foot, 
(Royal  North  British  Fusiliers).  On  the  war 
breaking  out  with  Russia,  Lieut.*Col.  Browne 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  the  Crimea,  and 
wai  present  at  the  whole  of  the  engagements  in 
which  it  took  part,  including  the  siege  of  Sebas- 
topol,  for  which  he  received  the  war-medal  and 
clasps,  and  was  decorated  by  the  Sultan  with  the 
order  of  the  Medyidie  (5th  claas.) 


Aged  47,  George  Carew-GlbMn,  e«q.,  d  Bnd- 
Bton  Brook,  Surrey,  and  8andgat«-lodge.  Souez. 

At  his  residence,  near  Exeter,  Vioe-Admiral 
George  Hewson.  He  entered  the  naTj  wukr 
Sir  Hyde  Parker,  and  wa>  a  midshipman  at  the 
siege  of  Toulon  and  reduction  of  Corsica ;  he  waa 
first  lieut.  of  the  **  Dreadnought"  at  Tr«Ci]gar, 
"Superb"  at  Copenhagen,  and  eotnmandcd  **La 
Flichc"  at  Walcheren.  The  late  admiral  was 
first  cousin  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Maurice  Fita- 
gerald,  and  second  cousin  to  the  preaoit  Lord 
Monteagle. 

At  Chouze-sur-Loire,  aged  105,  the  widow 
Catherine  David  Reneaume. 

Sept.  6.  At  Rushmore-lodge,  Dorset,  aged 
75,  the  Dowager  Lady  Rivers.  The  deceased  lady 
was  dau.  of  the  late  Lient.-Col.  Francia  Hale 
Rigby,  of  Mistley-hall,  Essex,  and  married  Feb. 
9,  1808,  William  Horace,  third  Lord  Kircn,  by 
whom  she  leaves  the  present  Lord  River*,  LL- 
Col.  the  Hon.  Horace  Pitt,  and  the  Hon.  Harriet 
Elizabeth,  married  to  Mr.  Charlea  Dashwood 
Bruce. 

Aged  63,  Charles  Huntington,  eaq.,  of  Bran- 
tingham,  near  Hull,  brother-in-law  of  the  Kev. 
John  Boyle,  Incumbent  of  Holy  Trinity,  Barn- 
staple. 

At  Riddhigs-house,  Derby,  aged: 72,  Barah, 
relict  of  the  late  James  Oakes,  esq. 

At  Paris,  aged  63,  M.  Daoasy,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  members  of  the  Academic  des 
Sciences. 

At  Paris,  M.  Payer,  Member  of  th«  Academy 
of  Sciences  for  the  Section  of  Botany,  and  a  fot^ 
mer  Deputy. 

M.  Roquairol,  Sec.-Gen.  of  the  foondry  at  Cmi- 
sot,  in  the  department  of  the  Saone-et-Loire.  He 
went  out  at  on  early  hour  in  the  morning  to 
shoot  on  a  fkrm  at  some  little  distanee,  and  as 
the  time  drew  near  for  the  commencement  of  his 
official  duties,  he  turned  towards  home.  In  cross 
ing  a  hedge,  the  trigger  was  caught  by  a  branch, 
when  the  gun  went  off,  and  the  oharire  entered 
Jubt  below  his  ear,  and  came  oat  at  the  top  of  ths 
skull,  causing  instantaneous  death. 

Quite  suddenly,  at  the  house  of  a  relative  at 
Bordeaux,  M.  Denjoy,  an  officer  of  the  Lei^ioa  of 
Honour.  The  deceased  was  a  member  of  the 
Constituent  Assembly  after  1848,  and  be  gave  ons 
of  the  first  and  heaviest  blows  the  Moontain  ever 
had  to  sustain.  He  ascended  the  tribune  one  day, 
and  interpolated  the  Provisional  Goremmcnt  on 
the  subjfct  of  a  demagogical  banqaet  which  had 
taken  place  at  Toulouse.  Irritated  at  bii  re- 
marks, the  members  of  the  Momitaia  at  flrsi 
murmured,  and  their  agitation  afterwarda  In- 
creased  so  much  that  they  almost  menaced  to 
rush  on  him  in  the  tribune.  Dei^oy,  ealm  in  ths 
midst  of  the  tempest,  opposed  to  the  Tiolenee  of 
his  adveisaries  these  oourageoos  words,  **  There 
is  a  national  flag,  the  trieolonred  one ;  I  deelaic 
that  at  the  banquet  in  question  a  red  ca|»  waa  dis- 
played, placed  <m  a  Aug  whieh  waa  not  lbs 
national  one.  I  declare  also  that  the  abomina- 
ble cry  of  Tire  la  Guillotine  I  was  miaed.**  The 
vociferations  of  the  Left  here  interrupted  blm, 
but,  after  a  short  time^  he  rtiiimed  aid  nl4 


I860.] 


OSITVAST. 


446 


"  Be  well  assured  that  when  I  Am  doing  mj  duty 
it  is  not  easy  to  make  me  give  way.  I  only  obey 
my  conscience.'*  His  opponents  wished  to  make 
him  descend  from  the  trU>ane,  but  he  remained 
firm,  and  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour  defied  with  his 
looks  all  the  violence  of  the  ultra  party,  who 
were  awed  by  his  attitude.  When  afterwards 
elected  as  deputy  to  the  LegislatiTe  Assembly,  he 
manifested  the  same  courage.  M.  Dei^oy  was 
one  of  the  first  to  admit  that  the  safety  of  society 
was  connected  with  the  name  of  Napoleon,  and 
he  devoted  himself  to  the  Empire  with  convictixm. 
The  services  which  he  had  rendered  to  society 
when  in  danger  pointed  him  out  for  a  seat  in  the 
Council  of  State,  the  high  ftmctions  of  whioh 
place  he  filled  to  the  last  with  great  distinctioii. 
— Oalignani. 

Sept.  7.  At  her  residence,  Beaufort^buildings 
West,  Bath,  Mrs.  Lawes,  rdiet  of  W.  Lawes,  esq. 

At  his  mother's  residence,  Ormesby  St.  Michael, 
Great  Yarmouth,  aged  33,  Gapt.  Edgar  Richard 
Glasspoole,  6th  Bombay  N.I. 

At  Scarborough,  aged  83,  Martha,  widow  of 
Isaac  Mennell,  esq. 

At  Tynemouth,  aged  69,  DaTid  Shafto  Hawks, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir  K.  8.  Hawks. 

At  Sudbury,  aged  68,  Deborah,  widow  of  J.  N* 
Gibbtns,  esq.,  late  of  Rathbone-pL,  Oxford-st. 

At  Lachine,  near  Montreal,  aged  68,  Sir  George 
Simpson,  the  Governor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company's  settlements.  His  death  occurred  but 
a  few  difys  after  he  had  htMpitably  entertained 
His  Royal  Highnras  the  Prinoe  of  Wales  and  his 
suite.  Sir  George  was  the  only  son  of  the  late 
Mr.  George  Simpson,  of  Loeh-broom,  co.  Ross, 
and  was  well  known  scmie  years  sinee  as  the 
author  of  a  "  NarratlTe  of  an  Overland  Journey 
Round  the  World.'*  He  had  held  the  post  of 
Governor  over  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's 
settlements  for  upwards  of  thirty-five  years. 
Tbe  deceased  Governor,  who  received  the  honour 
of  knifrhthood  in  1841,  in  reward  of  his  seal  in 
fitting  out  several  Arctic  expeditions,  married, 
in  1827,  Miss  Franees  Ramsay  Simpson,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Geddes  Maokensie  Simpson, 
of  Great  Tower-hUl,  Lcmdon,  and  Stamford-hill, 
Middlesex,  by  whom,  who  died  in  18A3,  he  leaves 
a  son  and  two  or  three  daughters.  Opinions  may 
differ  as  to  the  policy  of  the  Hndson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, but  there  is  only  one  opinion  as  to  the 
ability,  energy,  and  uprightness  of  the  pubUe 
servant  Just  taken  fhim  them,  and  whose  loss 
they  will  find  it  difiHoult  to  replaoe. 

At  his  chateau  of  La  Moroeidre,  Maioe-et-Loire, 
aged  39,  the  Count  des  Cars.  As  he  was  riding 
thence  on  the  preceding  day  to  Chalonnes,  his 
horse  shied  Just  at  the  entranoe  ot  the  town  and 
threw  him;  he  fell  with  great  violence  upon 
his  head,  and  received  the  injuries  of  whieh  be 

died. 

Sept.  8.  At  Oxford,  Shr  Robert  Alexander 
Chermside,  M  D.  The  deeeased  was  the  third 
son  of  the  late  Dr.  Chermside,  of  Portaferry,  eo 
Down.  He  served  in  Spain,  France,  Flanders,  A»., 
and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  For 
some  years  previoas  to  his  death  he  held  the  post 
of  physician  extraordinary  to  H«r  Boyal  High- 


ness the  Duchess  of  Kent,  and  was  physician  to 
the  British  Embassy  at  Paris. 

At  Wymomlham-rectory,  Leioestersh.,  aged  0, 
Marcus  Denman  de  la  Poer,  second  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  George  Beresford. 

At  Park-pL,  Leeds,  Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Sam.  Redhead,  Vicar  of  Calverley. 

At  his  fisther's,  lieut.  Bamea  John  Caldeoott, 
8rd  Regt.  of  Buflb,  eldest  son  of  Barnes  Caldeoott, 
esq.,  of  Ormesby  St.  Michael,  Great  Yarmouth. 

At  Soissons,  aged  90,  M.  Deviolaine,  formerly 
mayor  of  Soissmis,  as  well  as  a  member  of  tiie 
Gmeral  Council  of  the  Aisne.  He  was  founder  of 
the  glass-works  at  Premontr^  and  at  Vanxrot. 

Drowned  on  Lake  Michigan,  Herbert  Ingram, 
esq.,  M.P.  for  Boston,  and  proprietor  of  the 
*<  London  Illustrated  News.'* 

At  Auderville^  MaAche,  M.  Leqpold  tMn^^* 
He  was  walking  on  the  6th  September,  after  the 
dose  of  the  late  soientiflc  meetlDg  at  Ctebonrg, 
on  the  oliflU  about  Cape  de  la  Hague,  with  his 
wife  and  several  friends,  and  when  on  the  heights 
of  Jobourg  his  foot  slii^wd,  and  he  was  precipi- 
tated some  eighty  feet ;  a  projecting  rook  ahoat 
twenty-five  feet  above  the  sea  arrested  his  body, 
but  he  was  taken  up  quite  unconscious  by  some 
boatmen  who  climbed  the  roek  in  search  of  him, 
and  only  recovered  conseionsness  a  s&nt  time 
before  he  died. 

Sept,  9.  At  Doughty-st.,  Meoklenhorgh-sq., 
aged  52,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Morgan  Chat- 
terton,  esq. 

At  her  residence,  suddenly,  (alter  attcndtaif 
divine  service  in  the  morning,)  aged  60,  Mary, 
wife  of  Richard  lindon,  esq.,  of  Burieigh,  Soofli 
Huisb. 

Very  suddenly,  at  Blineop,  George  Dixon,  es^ 
of  Carlisle. 

At  Brighton,  Hester  Harriet,  dan.  of  the  late 
George  Wheldon,  esq.,  of  Spondon,  Derbyshire. 

At  Hollywood,  co.  Dublin,  of  eoosamptiQii« 
aged  34,  Lieut.  John  Dane,  18th  light  Dragooned 

Very  suddenly,  at  liiB  teaULBOot,  Blenoogo^ 
Cumberland,  aged  67,  George  Dixon,  esq.,  J.P. 

8^t.  10.  At  Shermanlmry-green,  Sussex, 
aged  85,  William  Courthope  Mabbott,  esq.,  of 
Southover-priory,  Lewes.  Mr.  Mabbott  in  early 
liflB  served  under  Wellington,  and  retired  fhnn  tiie 
army  as  Otptain  of  the  11th  Hussars;  he  was  a 
Justice  of  the  peac^  and  lllled  theolBee  of  fflieriff 
of  the  eonnty  during  the  agrionltnral  riot% 
and  took  an  active  part  in  suppvesdng  then. 
He  married  Elisabeth,  daughter  of  the  Rot. 
George  Newton,  Reetor  of  lafield,  and  the  kst 
representative  of  the  Newton  Cunily.  This  lady 
died  in  Lewes  two  or  three  years  agow  InpoUtiee 
he  was  a  Conservative,  and  nominated  some  of 
the  members  for  Sussex.  He  was  mndi  attached 
to  agxJeultural  pursuits,  to  whieh  he  was  a 
liberal  supporter.  F^w  of  like  eounty  institatioui 
but  have  been  indebted  to  him  for  hie  support  ia 
their  earliest  days. 

At  his  residenoe,  Nortii-pende,  FMrnnoe^ 
aged  06,  Riehard  Heeley  Bowman,  esq. 

Aged  85,  Sir  Franels  Blake,  bert.,  of  Twiael- 
eastle  and  Tilmouth-pk.,  Nortfanasberland.  11m 
late  Baronet  repgeieated  Berwlek  thn  IIM  to 


446 


Obituary. 


[Oct. 


1834.  His  grandfather,  the  first  haronet,  was 
an  energetic  supporter  of  the  Government  during 
the  rebellion  in  1745,  and  the  family  numbered 
among  iUi  members  Admiral  Blake. 

At  his  residence,  Holmbush,  Sussex,  after  a 
short  illness,  aged  24,  Waynflete  Amaud  Blagden, 
esq.,  only  child  of  the  Rev.  T.  N.  Blagden,  Vicar 
of  Washington,  Sussex. 

Suddenly,  aged  59,  Mr.  Thomas  Craike  In- 
gledew,  of  Byegrove,  Merton,  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Holmbush,  Sussex,  aged  24, 
Waynflete  Arnaud,  only  child  of  the  Rev.  T.N. 
Blagden,  Vicar  of  Washington,  Sussex. 

At  the  Crescent,  Teignmouth,  Anne  Burnett, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Wrcy. 

Sept.  11.  At  Old  Charlton,  Lieut. -Col.  T.  Lind- 
say, late  of  the  9l8t  (Argyllshire)  Regt.  of  Foot. 
The  deceased  served  in  Holland  in  1814  and  I8I5, 
and  was  also  present  at  the  bombardment  of 
Antwerp. 

Sept.  12.  At  his  residence,  Park-sq.,  Joseph 
Richardson,  esq.,  an  alderman  of  Leeds. 

At  Baron's  Down,  Somerset,  aged  70,  Ann, 
widow  of  Stucley  Tristram  Lucas,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Louisa  Greenhill,  younger  dau. 
of  the  late  Chas.  Saycr,  esq. 

At  Berlin,  aged  40,  M.  Burchart,  author  of  an 
admired  tragedy  entitled  ♦♦  Jane  Grey."  He  had 
been  for  some  time  in  indigent  circumstances, 
and  Ms  death  took  place  in  one  of  the  hospitals  of 
that  city. 

Sept.  13.  At  Devonshirc-ter.,  Plymouth,  aged 
70,  Eliza,  relict  of  Major  Brownson,  formerly  of 
the  23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers. 

At  Mardk-hall,  near  Redcar,  Lady  Margatet 
Bruce  Teoman.  The  deceased  lady,  who  was 
eldest  dau.  of  Laurence,  first  Earl  of  Zetland,  by 
his  marriage  with  Harriett,  third  dau.  of  Gen. 
John  Hale,  was  bom  June  29,  1796,  and  married, 
Feb.  5,  1816,  Mr.  Henry  Walker  Yeoman,  of 
Woodlands,  near  Whitby. 

At  the  Heath,  Weybridge,  aged  66,  David  Jar- 
dine,  esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  barrister-at- 
law,  and  of  Cumberland-ter.,  Regcnt's-park ; 
a  police  magistrate  of  the  metropolis. 

Sept.  14.  At  Guildlord,  Surrey,  aged  63,  Thos. 
Eldrid,  esq. 

At  Paris,  the  Marchioness  of  Donegall.  The 
Manjuis  of  Donegall  was  with  his  wife  at  her 
dissolution,  but  Lady  Harriet  Ashley  and  her 
husband  did  not  reach  Paris  until  some  hours 
after  that  event.  The  late  marchioness  was 
eMest  dau.  of  Richard,  first  Earl  of  Glengall, 
and  sister  of  the  late  Earl ;  she  was  bom  Jan. 
1,  1799,  and  married  Dec.  8,  1822,  the  Marquis 
of  Donegdll  (then  Earl  of  Belfast],  by  whom  she 
leaves  issue  an  only  dau..  Lady  Harriet  Ashley. 
At  Boulogne,  Major-Gen.  Sir  Michael  Creagh, 
K.IL  He  entered  the  army  in  1802,  and  had 
seen  much  active  service  in  India,  Africa,  and 
the  Wesi  Indies. 

Sept.  1  .  At  Anderton,  aged  63,  Fanny,  widow 
of  Richard  Lewellin,  esq.,  of  Brompton. 

Aged  71,  Sarah,  third  dau.  of  Sir  Thos.  Turton, 
bart.,  of  Felcourt,  Surrey. 

Noel,  only  son  of  Professor  Huxley,  of  the 
Government  School  of  Mines,  Jermju-st. 


At  Helensburgh,  Scotland,  of  typhus  fever, 
J.  A.  Thomson,  esq.,  architect,  of  Hobart  Town, 
Tasmania. 

At  Little  Risington  Rectory,  Gloucestershire, 
aged  77,  Jemima,  wife  of  the  Bey.  R.  WUbraliam 
Ford. 

At  his  residence,  Friar«gate,  Derby,  aged  77, 
Wm.  Bennett,  esq. 

Sept.  16.  Aged  41,  Margaret,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Arthur  Jones,  Taunton. 

At  Prince*s-gate,  Arthor  Eden,  esq.,  formerly 
of  Wimbledon,  Surrey. 

At  Nancy,  having  nearly  reached  his  100th 
year,  the  Marquis  de  Raigecourt.  He  was  bom 
under  the  reign  of  Louis  XV. ;  he  served  as  an 
officer  in  the  regiment  du  Roi,  and  remained 
faithful  to  the  Bourbons  at  the  time  of  the  great 
Revolution. 

Sept.  17.  At  Stoke,  Guildford,  fourteen  days 
after  her  mother,  aged  20,  Sophia  Slade,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Giffard  Wells,  of  that  place. 

At  Vale-lodge,  Leatherhead,  aged  9,  Annie 
Mary,  third  dau.  of  the  Bev.  T.  £.  Powell,  'Hear 
of  Bisham. 

Sept.  18.  Aged  34,  Watson  CkMre,  esq.,  solicitor, 
King's  Bench  Walk,  Temple,  eldest  son  of  George 
Coare,  esq.,  Mont-le-Grand,  Heavitrec. 

At  Millmead-house,  Guildford,  aged  42,  Mary 
Jane  Haydon,  wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Burnett,  of 
Freefolk  Parsonage,  Hants. 

Sept.  19.  At  Windlesham,  aged  84,  General 
Frederick  Rennell  Thackeray,  C.B.,  CoL -Com- 
mandant of  the  Royal  Engineers.  He  entered 
the  army  in  1793  as  Second  Lieut,  in  the  Royal 
Engineers.  He  was  present  at  the  capture  of 
Surinam  in  1799,  and  of  St.  Martin's  and  St.  Bar- 
tholomew in  1801.  He  directed  the  siege  of 
Scylla  Castle  in  1806,  and  that  of  the  fortress  of 
Santa  Maura  in  1809.  He  served  with  the  army 
in  Spain  in  1812,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Castella  and  siege  of  Tarragona  in  1813,  and  re- 
mained with  the  army  until  1814.  The  General's 
commissions  bore  date  as  follows : — Second  Lieut, 
September  18,  1793 ;  first  Lieut.,  June  18,  1796 ; 
Capt.,  April  18, 1801 ;  Brevet-Migor,  May  9, 1810 ; 
Lieut.-Col.,  July  21,  1813;  Col.,  June  2,  1825; 
Col. -Commandant,  April  29,  1846 ;  Major-Gen., 
January  10, 1837  ;  Lieut-Gen.,  Noremher  9, 1846 ; 
and  Gen.,  June  20,  1854. 

At  his  residence,  Compton-road,  Canonhnry, 
Robert  Davidson,  esq. 

At  West  Halton  Rectory,  Lincolnshire,  aged  7<^ 
Harriet,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Fitt  Drake,  Bector 
of  West  Halton. 

At  St.  Leonard'B-on-8ea,  Margaret  Isabella, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Lewis  Hensley,  M  Jl.,  Yiear  of 
Hitchin,  Herts. 

Sept.  20.  Aged  58,  Susannah,  wife  of  Heny 
Wellington,  esq.,  of  Lombard-st,  and  dan.  of  tbs 
late  William  Scrase,  esq.,  of  Little  Boektngham, 
Shorebam,  Sussex. 

Aged  48,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Henry  Lawea,  csq^ 
of  Dcnyer-villa,  Southfields,  Wandsworth. 
In  the  Queen's  Prison,  where  he  had 
confined  four  years.  Sir  Francis  Deeangaa, 
formerly  Sheriff  of  London  and  Middlesex,  aad 
also  of  Oxfordshire. 


I860.] 


447 


TABLE  OF  MORTALXTY  AND  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 

(IVow  the  Setwmt  timed  hy  ike  B^fie^ar-Qeneral.) 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


BXTPIUnrrSNDINT 
SBOISTRASS' 

Area 

in 

Statute 

Acres 

Popula- 
tion 
in 
1851. 

Deaths  in  Districts,  Ac.,  in  the  Week 
ending  Saturday, 

DI8TBIOT8. 

Aug. 

25, 

1860. 

Sept. 

1. 
1860. 

Sept. 

8, 
186a 

1860. 

Mean  Temperature        .        •        • 

57-6 

680 
1018 

56-0 

52-6 

London 

78029 

2862286 

987 

968 

962 

1-6.  West  Districts    . 

7-11.  North  Districts  . 

12-19.  Central  Districts 

20-25.  East  Districts     . 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

10786 

18588 

1988 

6280 

45542 

876427 
490896 
898256 
485522 
616685 

144 
209 
111 
219 
254 

184 
196 
141 
280 
267 

170 
174 
182 
286 
256 

149 
280 
188 
215 
285 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 


Aug. 
Sept. 


25 
1 
8 

15 


Deaths  Registered. 


b  a  <^ 


507 
580 
516 
509 


9 


s 


107 
180 
122 
119 


^1 


9 


s 


148 
186 
160 


s 

8| 


158 
186 
145 
145 


84 
80 
29 
29 


987 

1018 

968 

962 


Births  Registered. 


827 
944 
887 
i    890 


780 
905 
860 
842 


1607 
1S49 
1747 
1782 


PRICE  OF  CORN. 


Average  ^    Wheat, 
of  Six     >    #.    d. 
Weeks,  j    61    0 

Week  ending\  go  11 
Sept.  15.   / 


Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

#.    d. 

#.    d. 

#.    d. 

#.    d. 

84    8 

27    4 

41    6 

48    1 

#.    d. 
42    2 

187  10     |270     |424     jSOl     |887 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMFTHFIELD,  Siff.  20. 
Hay,  Zl.  15t.  to  52.  5f.  —  Straw,  11.  lOr.  to  11. 16f.^CbTer,  41.  Ot.  to  52. 16«. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-ICARKBT. 
To  sink  the  Offid— per  stone  of  Slhs. 


Beef 8#.  4d.to6#.  Od. 

Mutton 8#.  8(2.to5t.  4d. 

Veal 4t.  4d.to5t.  Od. 

Pork 4tf.  Od.  to5f.  Orf. 

Lamh Or.  Od.  toOr.  Od. 


Head  of  Gd;tle  at  Market,  Sbff.  20. 

Beasts 1,810 

fflieepandLamhk  9,260 

Odyes 580 

Pigs 280 


COAL-MARKET,  Ssff.  20. 
Best  WaUsend,  per  too,  17#.  6(i.  to  20t.  Od.    Other  iort^  ISt.  84.  to  16f  .  9(1. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIART,  i 


■  H.  GOULD,  lafe  W.  CARY,  181,  Strajto. 
to  September  23,  ineliuiee. 


ThcnUom 

eUr.  lUorom. 

Thenuoa 

Baiom. 

-s^ 

■s^ 

13-^ 

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as 

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AS 

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AllR 

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o 

D 

n 

Itji. 

Sopt 

o 

0 

o 

in. 

pta. 

ai 

fin 

5H 

fid 

2a. 

fair,clj.by.m. 

53 

RH 

flII 

m. 

do.  fab- 

as 

t>» 

BH 

fin 

^u. 

71 

.!My.clo..lu,do, 

10 

fi<l 

.1ft 

4rt 

1(1. 

05 

fair,  cloudy 

Wl 

Mil. 

HI 

II 

hO 

till 

44 

mi. 

ai 

do.  do- 

av 

M!t. 

7(1 

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r.i) 

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10. 

OS 

DAILY  PRICE  OP  STOCKS. 


i 

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i  i 

t  i 

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A    F    ED  WHITMORE, 

Stock  and  Shore  Broker, 

19,  Change  Alt^,  Londoi^  B.C. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL    REVIEW. 

NOVEMBER,  1860. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOB 
MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.- Swedish  Coinage.— Erratum 449 

French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  451 

St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style   469 

Stemmata  Botevilliana 467 

Roman  Remains  iu  France 476 

The  Legend  of  King  Gradlon  477 

Roman  and  Saxon  Remfuns  at  Lyminge    479 

Development  of  Christian  Architectnre  in  Italy  480 

ORIGINAL  DOCUMENTS.— Bishop  Pilkington»«  Letters 484 

ANTIQUARLIN  AND  LITERARY  INTELLIOENCER.— Cambrian  Archeological  Asso- 
ciation, 488 ;  Somersetshire  Archseological  and  Natural  History  Society,  502 ;  North- 
amptonshire Architectural  Society,  510 ;  Kilkenny  and  South-East  of  Ireland  ArcheD- 
ological  Society,  516 ;  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  518 ;  Yorkshire 
Philosophical  Society    520 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Archbishop  Holdegate's  PaU,  522 ;  Tiltey 
Abbey,  Essex,  524 ;  Synagogues  at  Orleans  and  Estampes,  526 ;  Episcopal  Names  in 
the  Twelfth  Century,  528 ;  Painted  Glass  at  Shelton  Church,  Norfolk,  532 ;  Anglo- 
Saxon  Relics,  Kent,  533 ;  Bacon-House,  Noble-street,  Aldersgate,  535 ;  "  Old" 
St.  Peter's  at  Rome— A  Misread  Date 53g 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.  —  Sussex  Arohnological  Collections, 
537  ;  Elvin's  Handbook  of  Mottoes,  539 ;  Holt's  The  Right  of  American  Slavery,  540 ; 
The  Life-boat— The  Reliquary^The  East  Anglian,  541 ;  Sermons  by  John  Hampden 
Gumcy— The  Romans  in  Gloucestershire — Eraser's  Parish  Sermons,  Second  Series— 
Arden's  Breviates  from  Holy  Scripture— BlacUe's  ComprehensiTe  History  of  England       542 

BIRTHS   543 

MARRIAGES 544 

OBITUARY.— H.R.H.  the  Duchess  Dowager  of  Saxe  Coburg  Gotha— The  Earl  of  Leven  and 
Melville,  550;  Sir  John  Edward  Swinburne,  Bart.,  551 ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Harry  G.  W. 
Smith,  Bart,  and  G.C.B.,  553 ;  Sir  Andrew  Mustoxidi— G.  A.  Legh  Keck,  Esq.— Herbert 
Ingram,  Esq.,  M.P.,  554 ;  The  Rev.  T.  B.  Murray,  M.A.,  556 ;  Dr.  Stephen  Elvey, 
557;  John  Hamilton,  Esq 553 

CLERGY  DECEASED    559 

DEATHS  ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER    559 

Registrar-General's  Return  of  Mortality  and  Births  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  567 ; 

Meteorological  Diary— Dally  Price  of  Stocks  553 


By  SYLVANUS  UEBAN,  Geut. 


452  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  [Nov. 

traordinary  efforts  and  sacrifices  must  be  submitted  to,  if  we  would  fully 
assure  our  native  land  from  the  intolerable  insult  and  injury  of  an  invasion. 

It  has  always  been  received  as  an  axiom,  that  history  is  continually  re- 
producing itself,  and  from  this  we  may  fairly  infer  that  what  has  been  done 
once,  may  very  likely  be  attempted  again,  particularly  when  the  nation 
whose  actions  we  are  speculating  upon  possesses  advantages  that  it  never 
had  before.  In  days  when  France  had  no  Cherbourg  within  five  houra' 
distance,  no  rifled  cannon,  no  steel-plated  frigates,  no  million  of  armed 
men,  she  often  threatened,  and  sometimes  landed  on  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Their  ravages,  it  is  true,  were  confined  to  the  island,  and  the  stubborn  re- 
sistance of  the  people  soon  compelled  them  to  withdraw,  after  inflicting  no 
very  great  amount  of  positive  injury.  But  the  case  is  altogether  different 
now,  and  we  all  feel,  of  even  the  temporary  occupation  of  the  island  by 
a  foreign  force,  what  Lord  Overstone  very  justly  says  of  a  similar  occupa- 
tion of  London — "  It  must  never  be."  His  lordship  says  that  "  he  cannot 
contemplate  or  trace  to  its  consequences"  such  an  occupation  of  the  capital, 
and  we  quite  agree  with  him ;  but  we  see  one  certain  consequence  of  an 
enemy  getting  a  footing  on  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  that  is,  that  it  would 
involve  the  certain  destruction  of  our  great  naval  arsenal.  The  Commis- 
sioners propose  works  amounting  to  two  and  a  half  milHons  of  money, 
mounting  987  guns,  and  giving  barrack  accommodation  for  7,320  men, 
for  the  defence  of  Portsmouth  and  the  Isle  of  Wight,  but  they  seem  most 
strangely  to  have  overlooked  one  point  in  the  island,  which  an  enemy 
might  easily  seize,  and  where  he  could  erect  works  that  would  render  all 
our  efforts  abortive. 

It  is  not  necessary  for  us  to  give  a  description  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Probably  not  one  of  our  readers  but  has  at  some  time  or  other  visited  that 
charming  district,  and  hence  our  mention  of  the  proposed  defences  will 
be  easily  comprehensible  without  a  plan.  But  before  we  enter  on  this,  we 
will  briefly  notice  the  military  history  of  the  isle. 

Though  we  are  not  of  the  school  that  begins  English  history  with  the 
battle  of  Hastings,  we  may  yet  without  injury  to  our  present  purpose  pass 
over  the  conquest  of  the  isle  by  Stuf  and  Wihtgar  in  the  sixth  century,  its 
ravage  in  the  seventh  by  Wulfhere  of  Mercia,  its  conversion  by  Wilfrid  of 
York,  and  its  repeated  occupations  by  the  Northmen.  It  will  be  early 
enough  to  begin  with  the  year  1295,  when  the  French,  who  had  burnt  a 
convent  at  Dover,  failed  in  an  attack  on  Rye,  and  approaching  Wight  found 
the  guardians  of  the  isle  so  vigilant,  that,  after  hovering  about  the  coast  for 
some  time,  they  withdrew,  without  venturing  to  land.  Nearly  half  a  century 
after,  that  is,  in  1340,  they  threw  a  large  force  on  shore  at  St.  Helen\ 
though  they  were  stoutly  withstood  by  the  wardens,  John  de  Langford, 
Theobald  Russell,  and  Bartholomew  de  L'Isle ;  Theobald  Russell  was  killed, 
but  the  invaders  were  chased  to  their  ships.  In  1377  they  again  landed,  and 
were  more  successful  than  they  had  been  before,  or  have  been  ever  since. 


I860.]  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  453 

They  marched  into  the  centre  of  the  isle,  and  hesieged  Carishrooke  Castle. 
The  post  was  valiantly  defended  by  Sir  Hugh  Tyrrell,  the  governor,  and  at 
last  the  besiegers  withdrew.  They  had,  however,  something  like  a  victory  to 
boast  of,  for  they  exacted  a  ransom  of  1,000  marks,  and  bound  the  islanders 
by  oath  not  to  oppose  them  if  they  landed  again  within  a  year.  Whether 
the  men  of  Wight  would  have  sacrificed  their  oath  to  their  patriotism 
cannot  be  known,  as  no  further  invasion  was  made  for  more  than  150  years. 
Two  merely  piratical  descents  were  attempted  in  the  time  of  Henry  V., 
but  they  failed;  and  it  was  not  until  the  year  1545  that  the  French 
again  had  a  footing  in  the  isle.  This  was  a  very  temporary  one,  but  as  it 
was  their  last,  and  also  shews  what  small  results  may  follow  from  vast  pre- 
parations, it  may  be  well  to  speak  of  it  somewhat  at  length.  The  story  has 
been  told  by  Mr.  Froude^,  and  as  he  has  not  let  his  hero-worship  mislead 
him  on  this  occasion,  we  shall  summarize  his  account,  being  well  pleased 
to  find  something  to  commend  in  a  work  that  we  have  had  occasion  more 
than  once  to  condemn  : — 

"  France  was  known  to  be  straining  every  nerve  to  bring  her  old  rival  on  her  knees. 
]Mcn,  ships,  and  money  were  collected  with  unheard-of  profusion;  and  the  French 
tlicmselvcs  were  so  confident  of  success,  that  other  natioi  s  shared  inevitably,  to  somo 
extent,  the  same  expectations.  The  sirge  of  Bonlogne  had  not  been  pressed.  Tlie  in- 
tention was  to  collect  a  fleet  so  large  as  absolutely  to  command  the  Cbannel.  The 
occupation  of  the  Isle  of  Wight — a  more  feasible  enterpri8e  than  the  march  on  London 
— would  be  the  prelude  of  an  attack  on  Portsmouth  and  the  destruction  of  the  fleet; 
and  in  the  same  stroke  which  crippled  their  naval  power,  the  English  would  lose 
not  Boulogne  only,  but  their  last  hold  upon  the  French  soil.  Montgomery,  with  five 
thousand  men,  was  sent  into  Scotland  to  defend  the  Borders.  The  whole  available 
strength  of  France  remaining  was  collected  at  the  mouth  of  the  Seine.  A  hundred 
and  fifty  ships  of  war  and  twenty-five  galleys,  which  had  dared  the  dangers  of  the  Bay 
of  Biscay,  and  had  come  round  from  Marseilles,  were  to  form  the  convoy  of  sixty 
transports  and  sixty  thousand  men.  William  the  Norman  had  brought  as  large  a  force 
with  him,  but  h^s  fleet  was  nothing.  The  Spanish  Armnda  was  as  powerful  on  the 
sea,  but  the  troops  intended  for  land-service  scarce  amounted  to  half  the  army  of 
Francis.  The  aim  of  the  expedition  was  successfully  concealed.  Rumour  po'nted 
alternately  to  Scotland  or  the  western  counties,  to  Kent  or  Sussex,  to  the  Humber, 
the  Thames,  or  the  Solent ;  and  the  English  government,  to  be  prepared  on  all  sides, 
had  a  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  men  in  the  field  throughout  the  summrr 

"  On  the  sea,  the  English  returns  were  tolerably  satisfactory.  The  ships,  indeerl,  in 
commission,  belonging  to  the  crown,  did  not  exceed  sixty;  but  several  were  larger 
than  the  largest  of  the  French,  and  all  were  more  effici»-ntly  manned.  The  '  Great 
Harry/  a  new  ship  of  a  thousand  tons,  with  a  crew  of  seven  hundred,  carried  Lord 
Jjisle's  flag.  The  *  Venetian,'  with  the  flag  of  Sir  Peter  Carew,  was  seven  hundred 
tons ;  her  crew  four  hundred  and  fifty.  The  rest  were  rather  smaller,  although  they 
])assed  at  the  time  as  powerful,  effici«  nt  vessels.  In  collective  force,  nevertheless,  the 
rnemy  had  greatly  the  advantage.  The  whole  number  of  sailors  in  the  fleet  at  the 
beginning  of  June  amounted  only  to  twelve  thousand.    The  royal  squadron,  however, 

properly  so  called,  formed  but  a  small  part  of  the  naval  strength  of  England 

The  whole  serviceable  fleet  remaining  in  the  English  waters  was  collected  by  the  end 
of  June  at  Portsmouth — in  all  a  hundred  sail  and  sixteen  thousand  hands. 

^  History  of  England,  vol.  iv.  pp.  417  et  seq.,  od.  185& 


454  French  Invasiona  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  [Nov. 

"  In  England  itself  party  anlmoBities  were  for  the  time  forgotten.  The  ooonties 
vied  with  each  other  in  demonstrations  of  loyalty.  The  Doke  of  Norfolk,  after  a 
general  survey  of  England,  reported  that  'he  found  hoth  gentlemen  and  all  others 
very  well  minded  to  resist  the  enemy  if  they  should  land — the  most  part  saying, 
*  My  lord,  if  they  come,  for  God's  sake  bring  us  between  the  sea  and  them."  — 
(pp.  417—420.) 

"  With  July  came  the  summer,  bringing  with  it  its  calms  and  heat ;  and  the  g^reat 
armament,  commanded  by  D'Annebault  in  person,  sailed  for  England.  A  few  strag- 
gling ships,  in  search  of  plunder,  or  to  mislead  the  English,  made  the  first  attempt  to 
effect  a  landing  at  Brighton ;  but  the  beacons  were  fired,  the  country  rose,  and  the 
few  companies  who  were  on  shore  were  driven  back  before  they  had  effected  more  than 
trifling  injury.  The  main  body,  which  they  soon  rejoined,  had  held  their  conne  direct 
to  the  Solent. 

"  The  king  was  at  Portsmouth,  having  gone  down  to  review  the  fleet,  when,  on  the 
18th  of  July,  two  hundred  sail  were  reported  at  the  back  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  The 
entire  force  of  the  enemy,  which  had  been  collected,  had  been  safely  transported  acron 
the  Channel.  With  boats  feeling  the  way  in  front  with  sounding-lines,  they  rounded 
St.  Helen's  Point,  and  took  up  their  position  in  a  line  which  extended  from  Bra^ng 
Harbour  almost  to  Ryde.  In  the  light  evening  breeze,  fourteen  English  ships  stood 
across  to  reconnoitre ;  D'Annebault  came  to  meet  them  with  the  galleys,  and  there  m'as 
some  distant  firing ;  but  there  was  no  intention  of  an  engagement.  The  English  with- 
drew, and  night  closed  in. 

"  The  morning  which  followed  was  breathlessly  calm.  Lisle's  fleet  lay  all  inside  in 
the  Spit,  the  heavy  sails  hanging  motionless  on  the  yards,  the  smoke  from  the  chimneys 
of  the  cottages  on  shore  rising  in  blue  columns  straight  up  into  the  air.  It  was  a 
morning  beautiful  with  the  beauty  of  an  English  summer  and  an  English  sea;  but,  for 
the  work  before  hiro,  Lord  Lisle  would  have  gladly  heard  the  west  wind  among  his 
shrouds.  At  this  time  he  had  not  a  galley  to  oppose  to  the  five-and-twenty  which 
D'Annebault  had  brought  with  him ;  and  in  such  weather  the  galleys  had  all  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  modem  gunboats.  From  the  single  long  g^n  which  each  of  them 
carried  in  the  bow  they  poured  shot  for  an  hour  into  the  tall  stationary  hulls  of  the 
line-of-battle  ships ;  and  keeping  in  constant  motion,  they  were  themselves  in  perfect 
security.  According  to  the  French  account  of  the  action,  the  *  Great  Harry'  snlTerpd 
so  severely  as  almost  to  bo  sunk  at  her  anchorage ;  and  had  the  calm  continaed,  tlu^y 
believed  that  they  could  have  destroyed  the  entire  fieet.  As  the  morning  drew  on, 
however,  the  off-shore  breeze  sprung  up  suddenly;  the  lai^  ships  began  to  gli«le 
through  the  water;  a  number  of  frigates —long,  narrow  vessels,  so  swift,  the  French 
said,  that  they  could  outsail  their  fastest  shallops — came  out  with  'incredible  swift- 
ness ^ ;'  and  the  fortune  of  the  day  was  changed.  The  enemy  were  afraid  to  torn,  lest 
they  should  be  run  over ;  and  if  they  attempted  to  escape  into  tho  wind,  they  wooM 
be  cut  off  from  their  own  fleet.  The  main  line  advanced  barely  in  time  to  save  them ; 
and  the  English,  whose  object  was  to  draw  the  enemy  into  action  under  the  g^ns  of 
their  own  fortresses  and  among  the  shoals  at  the  Spit,  retired  to  their  old  groond. 
The  loss  on  both  sido^  had  been  insignificant ;  but  the  occasion  was  rendered  memorable 
by  a  misfortune.  The  '  Mary  Rose,'  a  ship  of  six  hundred  tons,  and  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  navy,  was  among  the  vessels  engaged  with  the  galleys.  She  was  commanded  fay 
Sir  George  Carcw,  and  manned  with  a  crew  who  were  said,  all  of  them,  to  be  fitter, 
in  their  own  conceit,  to  order  than  obey,  and  to  be  incompetent  for  ordinary  work. 
The  ports  were  open  fur  the  act-on,  the  guns  were  run  out,  and,  in  consequence  of  the 
calm,  had  been  imperfectly  secured.  The  breeze  rising  suddenly,  and  the  vessel  laying 
slightly  over,  the  windward  tier  slipped  across  the  deck,  and,  as  she  yielded  fbrther  to 


*  "  The  action  is  related  with  great  minuteness  in  Da  Bellay's  Memoirs.** 


I860.]  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  455 

the  weight,  the  lee  ports  were  depressed  below  the  water-line,  the  ship  instantly  filled, 
and  carried  down  with  her  every  soul  who  was  on  board.  Almost  at  the  same  moment 
the  French  treasure-ship, '  La  Maitresse,'  was  also  reported  to  be  sinking.  She  had 
been  strained  at  sea,  and  the  shock  of  her  own  cannon  completed  the  mischief.  There 
was  but  just  time  to  save  her  crew  aad  remove  the  money-chest,  when  she  too  was 
disabled.     She  was  towed  to  the  mouth  of  Brading  Harbour,  and  left  on  the  shore. 

"  These  inglorious  casualties  were  a  feeble  result  of  the  meeting  of  the  two  largest 
navies  which  had  encountered  each  other  for  centuries.  The  day  had  as  yet  lost  but 
a  few  hours,  and  D'Annebault,  hearing  that  the  king  was  a  spectator  of  the  scene, 
believed  that  he  might  taunt  him  out  of  his  caution  by  landing  troops  in  the  island. 
The  sight  of  the  enemy  taking  possession  of  English  territory,  and  the  blaze  of  English 
villages,  scarcely  two  cannon-shot  distance  firom  him,  would  provoke  his  patience,  and 
the  fleet  would  again  advance.  Detachments  were  set  on  shore  at  three  different 
points,  which  in  Du  Bellay*8  description  are  not  easy  to  recognise.  Pierre  Strozzi,  an 
Italian,  attacked  a  fort,  perhaps  near  Sea  View,  which  had  annoyed  the  galleys  in 
the  morning.  The  garrison  abandoned  it  as  he  approached,  and  it  was  destroyed. 
M.  de  Thais,  landing  without  resistance,  advanced  into  the  island  to  reconnoitre.  He 
went  forward  till  he  had  entangled  his  party  in  a  glen  surrounded  by  thickets ;  and 
here  he  was  checked  by  a  shower  of  arrows  from  invimble  hands.  The  English,  few  in 
number,  but  on  their  own  ground,  hovered  about  him,  giving  way  when  they  were 
attacked,  but  banging  on  his  skirts,  and  pouring  death  into  his  ranks  from  their  silent 
bows,  till  prudence  warned  him  to  withdraw  to  the  open  sands.  The  third  detachment 
was  the  most  considerable ;  it  was  composed  of  picked  men,  and  was  led  by  two  of  the 
most  distinguished  commanders  of  the  galleys.  These  must  have  landed  close  to 
Bcmbridge.  They  were  no  sooner  on  shore  than  they  were  charged  by  a  body  of 
cavalry.  There  was  sharp  fighting ;  and  the  soldiers  in  the  nearest  ships,  excited  at 
the  spectacle  of  the  skirmish  and  the  rattle  of  the  carbines,  became  unmanageable, 
seized  the  boats,  and  went  off,  without  their  officers,  to  join.  The  English,  being  now 
outnumbered,  withdrew:  the  French  straggled  after  them  in  loose  order,  tdl  they 
came  out  upon  the  downs  sloping  up  towards  the  Culver  Cliffs;  and  here,  being 
scattered  in  twos  and  threes,  they  were  again  charged  with  fatal  effect.  Many  were 
cut  in  pieces;  the  rest  fled,  the  English  pursuing  and  sabreing  them  down  to  the 
shore ;  and  but  few  would  have  escaped,  but  that  the  disaster  was  perceived  from  the 
fleet,  large  masses  of  men  were  sent  in,  under  shelter  of  the  guns,  to  relieve  the 
fugitives ;  and  the  English,  being  badly  pressed  in  return,  drew  off,  still  fighting  as 
they  retreated,  till  they  reached  a  stream,  which  they  crossed,  and  broke  the  bridge 
behind  them  «*."— (pp.  422—426.) 

The  Frepch  admiral  now  called  a  council  of  war,  and  proposed  to  force 
bis  way  inside  the  Spit,  and  attack  Portsmouth.  The  pilots  protested, 
and  the  plan  was  abandoned : — 

"  It  remained,  therefore,  to  decide  whether  the  army  should  land  in  force  npon  the 
inland,  and  drive  the  English  out  of  it,  as  they  might  easily  do.  They  had  brought 
%vith  them  seven  thousand  pioneers,  who  could  rapidly  tlirow  up  fortresses  at  Newport, 
Cowcs,  St.  Helen's,  and  elsewhere ;  and  they  could  leave  garrisons  strong  enough  to 
maintain  their  ground  against  any  force  which  the  English  would  be  able  to  bring 
ngjiinst  them.  Tbey  would  thus  hold  in  their  hands  a  security  for  Boulogne;  and  as 
the  English  did  not  dare  to  &ce  their  fleet  in  the  open  water,  they  might  convert  their 
tenure  into  a  permanence. 

"  This  was  the  course  which  they  intended  to  pursue :  and  it  was  the  course  which, 

^  "  The  brook  at  the  head  of  Brading  Harbour  probably.  Du  Bcllay  evidently  wrote 
from  the  account  of  persons  who  were  present." 


456  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  [Nov. 

in  the  opinion  of  Du  Bellay,  one  of  the  ablest  generals  in  France,  they  indisputably 
OQght  to  have  pursued.  In  neglecting  it  he  considered  that  an  opportunity  was  wasted, 
the  loss  of  which  his  confidence  in  Providence  and  in  the  destinies  of  France  alone 
enabled  him  to  forgive. 

"  D'Annebault,  however,  had  received  discretionary  powers;  and,  for  some  unknown 
reason,  he  determined  to  try  his  fortune  elsewhere.  After  three  days  of  barren  de- 
monstration, the  fleet  weighed  anchor  and  sailed.  His  misfortunes  in  the  Isle  of  Wight 
were  not  yet  over.  The  ships  were  in  want  of  fresh  water ;  and  on  leaving  St.  Helen's 
he  went  round  into  Shanklin  Bay,  where  he  sent  his  boats  to  fill  their  casks  at  the 
rivulet  which  runs  down  the  Chine.  The  stream  was  small,  the  task  was  tedioos,  and 
the  Chevalier  d'Eulx,  who,  with  a  few  companies,  was  appointed  to  guard  the  watering 
parties,  seeing  no  signs  of  danger,  wandered  inland,  attended  by  some  of  his  men,  to 
the  top  of  the  high  down  adjoining.  The  English,  who  had  been  engaged  with  the 
other  detachments  two  days  be'bre,  had  kept  on  the  hills,  watching  the  motions  of  the 
fleet.  The  Chevalier  was  caught  in  an  ambuscade,  and,  after  defending  himself  like 
a  hero,  he  was  killed  with  most  of  his  followers." — (pp.  428,  429.) 

The  French  fleet  now  withdrew  behind  Selsea  Bill,  then  crossed  to 
Boulogne,  and  disembarked  the  pioneers  ;  it  soon  returned,  attacked  Sea- 
ford,  and  maintained  a  running  fight  with  the  English  oflf  Shoreham,  but 
at  last  withdrew  to  the  mouth  of  the  Seine,  where  the  wreck  of  the  army, 
which  had  been  wasted  by  the  hardships  of  a  month  at  sea  in  over-crowded 
vessels,  landed ;  like  other  armaments  fitted  out  to  achieve  mighty  con- 
quests both  before  and  since,  it  presented  **  such  a  number  of  sick  and 
miserable  creatures"  as  moved  the  pity  of  all  who  beheld  them. 

To  return  to  our  immediate  subject.  With  the  works  proposed  around 
Portsmouth  we  do  not  meddle,  but  as  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  the  measures 
that  the  Defence  Commissioners  recommend,  consist  mainly  of  works  in- 
tended to  close  either  entrance  of  the  Solent,  the  passage  between  the 
island  and  the  mainland.  On  the  eastern,  or  Spithead  side,  this  is  to  be 
accomplished  by  heavy  forts,  mounting  in  the  whole  480  guns,  and  having 
barrack  room  for  2,740  men,  to  be  erected,  in  depths  of  water  Tarying 
from  3  to  46  feet,  on  the  sands  known  as  No-man's  Land,  the  Horse,  the 
Intermediate,  the  Spit,  and  Sturbridge,  which  surround  the  anchorage  of 
Spithead ;  the  spaces  between  the  sands  are  to  be  closed  by  floating 
barriers,  which  are  to  be  capable  of  mounting  95  guns  more;  and  49 
additional  guns  are  to  be  placed  at  South  Sea  Castle  and  Gilkicker  Point 
on  the  one  hand,  and  at  Nettlestone  Point  and  Appley  House  (near  Hyde) 
on  the  other. 

At  the  western  extremity,  or  Needles  Passage,  it  is  proposed  to  streng;then 
the  existing  defences,  and  to  erect  batteries  and  small  works,  with  81  g'uns, 
and  barracks  for  700  men.  In  this  quarter  measures  have  been  taken  some 
years  ago,  which  might  well  have  been  spared.  On  Sconce  Point,  opposite 
to  Hurst  Castle,  Fort  Victoria  was  erected,  under  the  personal  direction  of 
the  late  Lord  Hardinge,  and  even  the  Commissioners  allow  that  it  is  **  not 
of  the  most  approved  construction."  This  model  fort  projects  into  the 
sea,  for  no  other  apparent  reason  than  to  increase  the  expense  of  erection. 


I860.]  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  fVight,  457 

It  mounts  about  50  guns,  but  has  barrack  accommodation  for  only  120 
men,  and  is  commanded  by  heights  within  50  yards  of  its  rear  face,  while 
not  one  of  its  guns  bears  upon  the  channel  by  which  a  hostile  fleet  would 
approach.  It  is,  in  fact,  totally  useless,  or  worse ;  and  it  mast  have  been 
a  severe  trial  to  the  talented  Engineer  officer  who  erected  it,  to  find 
himself,  in  strict  compliance  with  his  orders,  rearing  a  '*  brick  three- 
decker,''  as  it  has  been  termed,  at  an  expense  of  full  £50,000,  which,  as 
he  must  have  known  ere  a  spade  was  struck  in  the  earth,  could  only  be 
of  use,  if  in  the  hands  of  an  enemy,  to  batter  down  Hurst  Castle.  A  naval 
officer  residing  in  the  neighbourhood  waited  on  Lord  Hardinge,  while  the 
works  were  in  progress,  and  pointed  out  their  utter  uselessness,  but  of 
course  the  Commander-in-Chief  was  in^ible. 

The  Commissioners  recommend  but  inconsiderable  works  on  the  Isle  of 
Wiglit  itself,  amounting  in  all  to  but  71  guns,  with  barracks  for  600  men, 
and  costing  £130,000.  These  they  allot  to  St.  Helen's  Point,  Bembridge 
Down,  and  one  or  two  earthworks  between  Sandown  Fort  and  Shanklin, 
on  the  east  side ;  and  to  Atherfield  Point,  Brixton,  and  Brook,  on  the 
south  shore,  or  back  of  the  island,  as  it  is  termed.  They  recommend 
one  strong  fort  at  Heathfield,  between  CHff  End  and  Freshwater,  as  a 
support  to  the  batteries  along  the  Needles  Passage,  and  to  prevent  access 
from  the  eastern  part  of  the  island ;  a  permanent  road  along  the  top  of  the 
cliffs,  between  Chale  and  Brook,  a  battery  of  field  artillery  near  St.  Lawrence, 
and  a  half.battery  near  Shanklin ;  and,  further,  the  destruction  of  the  paths 
up  the  chines  in  case  of  an  expected  attack. 

The  Commissioners  allow  that  the  works  which  they  propose  both  for 
Spithead  and  the  Needles  Passage  would  not  be  sufficient  to  stop  steamers 
proceeding  at  full  speed,  "  if  the  officers  in  command  were  determined  on 
risking  the  loss  which  they  would  probably  sustain  in  the  attempt."  We 
know  well  the  impetuous  dash  of  the  Frenchman  on  terra  firma,  but  we 
very  much  doubt  whether  he  would  run  the  gauntlet  by  sea,  particularly 
while  a  much  easier  mode  of  attaining  his  object  is  left  open  to  him. 
It  is  true  that  the  Commissioners  recommend  the  destruction  of  the  paths 
up  the  chines,  "  in  case  of  expected  attack ;"  but  every  visitor  to  the  Isle 
of  Wight  knows  that  there  are  many  paths  beside  these,  all  accessible  to 
any  ordinary  light  troops ;  and  a  more  serious  evil  is,  that  building  specu- 
lators, who  are  at  present  in  full  glory  about  Ventnor,  Shanklin,  and 
Sandown,  are  every  day  making  easier  routes  between  the  beach  and  the 
cliffs ;  these  are  very  desirable  for  the  accommodation  of  their  tenants, 
no  doubt,  but  they  would  serve  equally  well  the  purpose  of  an  invader, 
and  if  the  Government  have  not  power  to  interfere,  the  recent  Public 
Defences  Act  is  very  imperfect,  and  should  at  once  be  amended. 

We  have  had  the  advantage,  since  this  Report  was  made  public,  of 
hearing  the  opinion  of  Major-General  E.  Elers  Napier,  an  officer  who  has 
long  resided  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on  the  subject  of  the  defence  of  the 


458  French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  [Nov. 

island.  He  has  pointed  out  the  want  of  a  strong  work  on  the  top  of 
Shanklin  Down,  as,  if  that  height  were  occupied  by  an  enemy,  he  would 
be  able  to  batter  down  the  proposed  forts  in  Sandown  Bay,  and  then  move 
on  Ryde,  and  raise  batteries  on  the  heights  above  that  town  which  would 
place  Portsmouth  and  its  Dockyard  entirely  at  his  mercy. 

Oeneral  Napier's  proposed  additions  to  the  defence  of  the  island  would, 
as  it  appears  to  us,  add  greatly  to  the  efficacy  of  that  of  the  Commissioners, 
without  much  addition  to  its  expense.  He  recommends,  beside  earthworks 
along  the  cliffs,  the  erection  of  a  large  permanent  work  on  Shanklin 
Down,  with  an  advanced  post  on  a  spur  of  the  same  overlooking  San- 
down Bay,  and  to  connect  these  by  a  railway  of  about  eight  miles  with 
Newport  and  Parkhurst  Barracks,  where  a  strong  military  force  might  he 
conveniently  stationed,  and  which  could  thus  be  very  speedily  brought  into 
use.  Shanklin  Down  is  782  feet  high,  and  is  only  exceeded  in  altitude  by 
St.  Catherine's  Hill,  which  is  twenty-two  feet  higher,  but  from  its  position 
near  the  extreme  south  of  the  island  has  not  the  same  military  importance. 
Shanklin  Down,  indeed,  may  be  said  to  command  the  whole  island.  A 
landing,  it  would  appear,  must  be  effected,  if  anywhere,  either  on  the  south 
or  the  east  coast.  Supposing  it  to  be  on  the  first,  the  enemy  would  never 
think  of  turning  westward,  as  he  would  only  entangle  himself  in  the  pen- 
insula between  the  river  Yar  and  Alum  Bay.  If  he  attempted  to  march 
from  the  former  point  northward  on  Ryde,  so  as  to  threaten  Portsmouth, 
if  he  did  not  come  within  range  of  the  guns  on  Shanklin  Down,  he  yet  must 
be  embarrassed  by  the  strong  work  in  his  rear  ;  and  if  he  should  land  in 
Sandown  Bay,  and  even  possess  himself  of  the  forts  there  and  on  Bembridge 
Down,  he  would  be  no  better  off;  all  these  are  commanded  by  the  proposed 
works  on  Shanklin  Down,  and  would  be  speedily  made  untenable.  With 
all  submission  to  the  Commissioners,  this  seems  a  great  improvement  on 
the  plan  that  they  propose ;  it  is  at  all  events  worthy  of  examination.  It 
is  certain  that  sound  advice  is  often  to  be  had  from  those  who  gain  nothing 
by  offering  it,  and  if  the  Government  could  be  induced  to  give  attention  to 
the  plans  and  suggestions  of  residents  (particularly  of  naval  and  military 
men)  in  all  the  various  districts  where  the  works  are  proposed — whether 
Portsmouth,  Plymouth,  or  elsewhere — they  would  act  wisely.  At  present 
they  appear  to  trust  exclusively  to  officers  who,  though  highly  competent 
men,  often  labour  under  the  disadvantage  of  no  previous  knowledge  of  the 
place  that  they  report  on,  and  who  therefore  miss  many  points  that  are 
familiar  enough  to  the  resident,  particularly  when,  as  in  the  present  instance, 
he  happens  to  be  a  soldier  of  some  experience,  an  ex-student  of  Sandhurst, 
and  one  whose  attention  has  been  long  given  to  the  subject. 


I860.]  459 


ST.  HUGH  OF  LINCOLN  AND  THE  EARLY  ENGLISH  STYLE  •. 

Hugh  of  Grbnoble,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  was  one  of  the  most  eminent 
churchmen  of  the  latter  half  of  the  twelfth  century.  He  was  horn  in  1140, 
he  was  elected  to  the  see  of  Lincoln  in  1186  ;  he  died  in  1200,  and  was 
canonized  in  1220.  Unlike  so  many  other  prelates  of  that  age,  he  appears 
in  no  way  mixed  up  in  secular  disputes  or  secular  affairs ;  a  saint  and  a 
monk  from  his  childhood,  he  helongs  to  a  totally  different  class  from  the 
great  political  churchmen  of  his  time.  As  a  canonized  saint,  he  held  a  high 
place  in  local  and  even  national  reverence.  To  modem  readers  he  is  pro- 
hably  best  known  by  the  story  of  his  causing  the  body  of  Fair  Rosamond 
to  be  removed  out  of  the  choir  of  Godstow  nunnery  ;  but  his  most  real  title 
to  historical  remembrance  is  as  the  founder,  for  so  we  may  truly  call  him, 
of  the  existing  Cathedral  Church  of  Lincoln. 

Mr.  Dimock,  an  official  of  a  church  which  recent  changes  have  made 
a  portion  of  St.  Hugh's  own  Diocese,  has  edited,  with  very  praiseworthy 
care,  a  metrical  Latin  life  of  the  saint,  which,  as  it  must  have  been  written 
between  1220  and  1235,  may  very  possibly  be  the  work  of  a  contemporary, 
and  certainly  cannot  be  removed  by  more  than  one  generation  from  the 
subject  of  the  biography.  Every  record  of  this  kind  has  its  value,  even 
when  it  comes  in  the  shape  of  mediaeval  Latin  hexameters.  One  is  inclined 
to  wish  that  the  author  had  condescended  to  express  himself  in  his  native 
French  or  English,  in  Latin  prose,  or  in  Latin  verse  of  some  simpler  kind. 
Latin  hexameters  of  the  thirteenth  century  are  no  joke ;  perhaps  indeed 
there  is  nothing  worse,  except  English  hexameters  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury. Still,  we  must  take  the  gifl  as  we  find  it,  and,  as  it  communicates  to 
us  several  curious  particulars  as  to  the  building  of  Lincoln  Minster,  we  feel 
much  obliged  alike  to  the  author  for  writing  it  and  to  Mr.  Dimock  for 
giving  it  us  in  print. 

Of  St.  Hugh's  Cathedral  Mr.  Dimock  tells  us, — 

'*  With  the  exception  of  the  inoyrporated  earlier  Norman  work  of  the  west  front, 
and  the  later  upper  stages  of  the  towers,  everj  stone,  almost,  ofLincoln  Cathedral 
tells  its  tale — in  some  way— of  Hogh.  At  one  portion  he  laboured  literally  with  his 
own  hands ;  and  the  portion  actually  due  to  him  is  larger,  perhaps,  than  some  have 
been  willing  to  allow,  as  the  annexed  Life  may  help  to  prove ;  another  portion  forms 
the  continuation  of  his  design  and  labours  by  his  immediate  successors;  and  a  third 
portion,  completing  the  church — the  exquisite  eastern  half  of  the  chmr — was  owing,  as 
already  said,  to  his  renown  as  a  canonized  saint." — (p.  idi.) 

The  part  of  the  minster  built  by  St.  Hugh  himself  consists  of  the  choir, 

*  **  Metrical  Life  of  St.  Hugh,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  now  first  printed  from  MS.  Copies 
in  the  British  Museum  and  Bodleian  Libraries.  Edited,  with  an  Introduction  and 
Notes,  by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Dimock,  M.A.,  Minor  Canon  of  Southwell."  (Lincohi: 
W.  and  B.  Brooke.) 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  8  h  • 


460         St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style*      [Nov. 

transepts,  and  a  part  of  the  nave,  the  rest  being  apparently  fini^ed,  in  con- 
formity with  Hugh's  general  design,  by  his  successors  William  of  Blois 
(1201-6)  and  Hugh  of  Wells  (1209-35).  Our  poet,  writing  during  the  epi- 
scopate of  the  latter,  seems  clearly  to  speak  of  the  Chapter-house  as  the 
only  part  of  the  church — for  in  a  church  of  secular  canons  like  loncoln, 
the  Chapter-house  is  part  of  the  church — still  needing  completion.  He 
speaks  of  it  as  having  been  began  by  Hugh  the  First,  and  calls  upon  Hugh 

the  Second  to  finish  it : — 

*'  Adstant  ecclesisB  capitolia,  qaalia  nimqaam 
Romanus  possedit  apex ;  spectalule  quornm 
Vix  opus  inciperet  nmnmosa  pecnnia  Crosi 
Scilicet  introitus  ipsomin  sunt  quad  quadra 
Porticus ;  interiuB  spatium  patet  orbiculare, 
MateriA  tentans  templum  Salomonis  et  arte. 
Si  quorum  vero  perfectio  reetat,  Hugonis 
Perficietur  opus  primi  sub  Hugone  secundo."— (w.  966-65.) 

Mr.  Dimock  raises  a  question  whether  '*  quorum  perfectio"  refers  to  the 
whole  church  or  to  the  chapter-house ;  i.e.  whether,  when  the  biographer 
wrote,  any  part  of  the  Minster  beside  the  chapter-house  needed  completion. 
We  do  not  see  how  '*  quorum''  can  grammatically  refer  to  anything  but 
'*  capitolia,*'  and  we  may  therefore  infer  that  at  the  time  he  wrote — which 
may  be  any  time  up  to  1235 — all  the  rest  of  the  church  was  finished. 
When  we  say  all  the  rest  of  the  church,  we  mean  the  church  as  originally 
designed  by  Hugh,  not  reckoning  the  later  presbytery. 

In  the  above  extract  we  may  notice  the  characteristic  confusion  made  by 
the  mediaeval  poet  between  "  Capitulum"  and  "  Capitolium,"  and  also  the 
application  of  the  word  '*  orbiculare"  to  a  building  which,  of  course,  is 
strictly  not  round  but  polygonal. 

The  poet  remarks  that  Hugh  destroyed  the  old  church  entirdyy  that  is 
of  course  such  parts  as  stood  in  his  way,  for  part  of  the  original  west  front 
still  remains.  This  should  be  noticed,  as  it  distinguishes  Hugh's  process 
of  complete  rebuilding  from  mere  overlaying  or  recasting,  such  as  we  see 
in  the  nave  of  Winchester  and  the  presbytery  of  Gloucester.  He  also 
remarks  the  cruciform  shape  of  the  church,  though  one  can  hardly  suppose 
that  the  Norman  minster  followed  any  other  plan.  His  words  are, — - 
"  Funditus  obruitur  moles  vetus,  et  nova  turgit ; 
Surgentisque  status  formam  crnciB  exprimit  aptam."-— (w.  854-5.) 

It  is  evident  that  St.  Hugh  completely  finished  the  choir,  because  hta 
biographer  describes  the  magnificent  rood-loft  at  its  entrance,  with 
pillars  and  two  beams  all  covered  with  the  brightest  gold: — 
"  Introitumque  chori  majestas  anrea  pingit : 
Et  propria  propria  crucifixus  imag^e  Christua 
Exprimitur,  vitseque  suee  progressus  ad  unguem 
Insinuatur  ibi.    Kec  solum  crux  vel  imago, 
Immo  colnmnarum  sex,  lignorumque  duorum 
Ampla  superficies,  obrizo  fulgurat  auro.*'— (vv.  950-5.) 


I860.]     St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style,         461 

This  would  seem  to  describe  a  lighter  kind  of  roodloft,  partly  at  least 
of  wood,  and  perhaps  with  an  open  screen,  like  those  of  parish  churches, 
rather  than  the  more  massive  screens  which  were  afterwards  commonly 
introduced  into  cathedral  and  other  great  churches. 

That  the  transepts  were  finished,  appears  from  his  mention  of  the  two 
great  round  windows  in  their  north  and  south  fronts.  These  seem  to  have 
greatly  attracted  our  poet's  attention,  as  he  speaks  of  them  several  times. 
The  passage  is  valuable  as  shewing  that  the  present  Decorated  window  in 
the  south  tnansept  replaced  an  earlier  one  of  the  same  shape  and  size ;  for  the 
following  line,  as  Mr.  Diraock  ingeniously  observes,  shews  that  the  south 
window  was  from  the  first,  as  now,  larger  than  that  of  the  north  transept : — 

"  Praebentcs  gemina)  jubar  orbicalare  fenestrsB, 
Ecclf  siaj  duo  sunt  oculi :  recteque  videtur 
Major  in  his  esse  prsesul,  minor  esse  decanos." — (w.  936-9.) 

The  great  south  window,  according  to  the  poet, — not  necessarily  accord- 
ing to  St.  Hugh, — represents  the  Bishop ;  the  smaller  one  to  the  north  the 
Dean.  A  mystical  and  not  very  intelligible  exposition  of  episcopal  and 
decanal  duties  follows : — 

"Est  aquilo  zabulns;  est  Sanctns  Spiritus  anster; 
Quos  oculi  duo  respiciunt.    Nam  respicit  austrum 
Prajsul  ut  invitet ;  aquilonem  voro  decanus, 
Ut  vitet :  videt  hie  ut  salvetur,  videt  ille 
Ne  pereat.     Frons  ecclesi®  candelabra  codU 
Et  tenebras  Letbes,  oculis  circumspicit  istis," — (vv.  940 — ^946.) 

As  far  as  we  can  make  out  any  meaning,  the  Bishop  is  to  invite  the  Holy 
Spirit,  which  is  no  more  than  we  should  expect,  but  then  the  Dean  seems 
to  be  employed  in  keeping  out  the  Devil,  which  does  not  seem  so  intelli- 
gible a  function.  But  then  the  Dean,  in  reward,  one  may  suppose,  for  his 
harder  task,  looks  forward  *'  ut  salvetur,"  the  Bishop  merely  "  ne  pereat." 

But  besides  these  two  great  windows.  Bishop  and  Dean,  the  other 
windows  in  their  two  rows  on  each  side  are  not  without  their  meaning. 
The  Bishop  and  Dean  are  the  Sua  and  Moon,  but  they  are  not  without 
their  attendant  stars.  "We  gather  from  the  following  lines  that  in  Hugh's 
time,  or  at  all  events  when  the  poet  wrote,  all  were  filled  with  stained 
glass,  representing  saints  with  their  emblems: — 

"  Splendida  prffitendit  oculis  sdnigmata  duplex 
Pom  pa  fenestrarum ;  cives  inscripta  supems 
Urbis,  et  arma  quibus  Stygium  domuere  tyrannum. 
Mt^oresqoe  duse,  tamquam  duo  lumina ;  quorum 
Orbiculare  jubar,  fines  aquilonis  et  austri 
Kespiciens  gemind  premit  omnes  luce  fenestras. 
lUaj  confcrri  possunt  vulgaribus  astris ; 
IIa?c  duo  sunt,  unum  quasi  sol,  aliud  quasi  luna. 
Sic  caput  ecclcsia)  duo  candelabra  serenant, 
Vivis  et  variis  imitata  coloribus  irim  ; 
Non  imitata  quidem,  scd  prtecellentia ;  nam  sol 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  .  8 1 


462         St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style.      [Nov. 

Quando  repercatitur  in  nubibos,  efficit  irim ; 

Ilia  dao  sine  sole  micant,  sine  nube  coruscant." — (w.  897 — 909.) 

If  the   two   great   windows   represent   the   two   great   officers    of  the 

Cathedral,    the   smaller   ones   had  also  their  share  in   expressing  other 

members  of  the  hierarchy.     The  higher  and  lower  ranges  of  windows,  that 

is  doubtless  those  in  the  aisle  and  the  clerestory,  represent  the  two  orders 

of  collegiate  clergy,  the  Canons  and  their  Vicars.     Had  we  to  design  the 

Minster  now,  we  suppose  we  should  have  to  make  a  third  range,  in  the 

triforium  or  somewhere,  and  that  a  blank  or  unglazed  range,  to  express 

Honorary  Canons  and  Prebendaries  deprived  of  their  prebends.    Our  poet's 

account  of  the  mutual  relations  of  Canons  and  Vicars  is  very  curious  : — 

"  lllustnins  mundum  divino  luminc,  cleri 
Est  proDclara  cohors,  Claris  cxpressa  fenestris. 
Ordo  subalteraus  utrobique  potestqae  notari ; 
Ordine  canonicus  exstante,  vicarius  imo. 
Et  quia,  canonico  tractante  negotia  mundi, 
Jugis  et  assiduus  divina  vicarius  implet, 
Summa  fenestrarum  series  nitet  inclita  florum 
Involucre,  mundi  varium  signante  dccorem ; 
Inferior  perbibet  sanctoruoi  nomina  patrum." — (w.  928-36.) 

We  do  not  quite  understand  about  these  knots  of  flowers,  unless  they 
were  something  in  the  stained  glass ;  for,  if  floriated  capitals  be  meant,  it 
is  hard  to  see  how  their  place  could  be  supplied  in  the  lower  range  by 
"  the  names  of  holy  fathers."  But,  unless  our  poet  indulges  in  a  sly  piece 
of  satire,  he  evidently  thought  the  normal  state  of  a  Chapter  was  for  the 
Vicars  to  attend  regularly  to  divine  worship,  while  the  Canons  looked  after 
the  affairs  of  the  world.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  this  was,  above  all 
others,  the  age  of  non-residence  in  Capitular  bodies.  Bishops  had  pretty 
well  left  off  substituting  actual  monks  for  Canons,  or  trying  to  nudce  the 
Canons  live  something  like  the  life  of  monks.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Residentiary  system,  which  afterwards  secured  to  the  Cathedral  the  con- 
stant presence  of  some  few  at  least  of  its  capitular  members,  was  not  ytt 
fully  established.  Cathedral  Chapters  in  general  must  have  been  veiy 
much  like  those  of  St.  David's  or  Llandaff  a  few  years  back.  If  our  Lincoln 
poet,  perhaps  himself  a  Canon,  acquiesced  in  this  state  of  things,  othen 
were  found  to  denounce  it.  Ilicbard  of  Devizes,  as  a  monk  was  sure  to 
do,  zealously  seizes  so  good  an  opportunity  of  abusing  the  seculars.  Canons 
built  houses  and  did  not  live  in  them  ;  they  saw  the  Cathedral  perhaps  once 
in  their  livos ;  they  spent  their  revenues  where  and  how  they  pleased  ;  they 
hung  about  the  houses  of  great  men;  their  own  houses  were  filled  and 
ilieir  duties  discharged  by  hired  Vicars,  who,  when  the  poor  came  to  ask 
for  alms  of  the  rich  Canon,  could  only  say  that  the  master  of  the  house  was 
away  ^.    The  vague  rhetoric  of  the  Winchester  work  is  corroborated  by  ihc 

^  "  ^Kdificaverunt  ccrtatiin  etiam  abscntcs  canonici  circa  eccleiiam  ampla  et  ssoeUa 
divcrsoria,  ad  usus  forte  proprios,  si  vol  stniel  in  vita  locum  viAitandi  causam 


I860.]      St,  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style.         463 

curious  fact,  incidentally  recorded  by  William  Fitz-Stepben  *^,  tbat  in  tbe 
year  1167  Higb  Mass  on  Ascension-Day  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  bad  to  be 
performed  by  a  Vicar.  The  Bishop  was  at  Stepney,  the  Dean  somewhere 
from  whence  he  came  back  in  a  few  days ;  of  the  Canons  nobody  says  any- 
thing at  all.  Tbe  '*  clerus  urbis  et  civium  maj ores  natu"  are  mentioned 
directly  afterwards ;  but  of  the  actual  Prebendaries  themselves  we  hear  not 
a  word. 

To  return  to  tbe  architecture  of  Lincoln  Minster.  The  poet  describes 
the  vaulted  roof  in  glowing  but  not  very  intelligible  language,  but  which  at 
least  shows  that  Hugh  finished  his  vault  at  once,  and  did  not,  like  so  many 
other  mediaeval  builders,  leave  it  to  be  added  (or  not  added)  by  another 
generation. 

"  Nam  quasi  pennatis  avibus  testudo  locuta, 
Latas  expandens  alas,  similisque  volanti, 
Nubes  offendit,  solidis  mnisa  columnis.** — (vv.  863-5.) 

He  tells  us  of  the  detached  Purbeck  marble  shafts  round  the  main  pillars, 
and  adds  the  curious  fact,  remarked  by  Mr.  Dimock,  that  vinegar  was  used 
in  working  the  marble  : — 

**  Altera  fulcit  opus  lapidum  pretiosa  nigorum 
Materies,  non  sic  uno  contenta  colore, 
Non  tot  laxa  poris,  sed  crebro  sidere  fulgens, 
Et  rigido  compacta  bitu :  nulloqae  doiuari 
Dignatar  ferro,  nisi  qnando  domatur  ab  arte ; 
Quaudo  superficies  niiuiis  luxatur  arenas 
Pulsibus,  et  solidum  forti  fenetratur  aceto. 
Inspcctus  lupis  iste  potest  suspendere  mentes, 
Ambiguas  utram  jaspis  marmorve  sit;  at  si 
Jaspb,  hebes  jaspis ;  si  marmor,  nobile  marmor. 
Indc  columnellffi  qusB  sic  cinxere  coluinnas, 
Ut  videantur  ibi  quaudam  celebrare  choream." — (vv.  872-83.) 

There  can  then  be  no  reasonable  doubt  that  a  large  part  of  Lincoln  Min- 
ster was  built,  as  it  now  stands,  before  the  year  1200.  Now  the  work  we 
find  there  is  confirmed  Early  English  work  ;  it  is  pure  and  perfect  Gothic, 
with  no  Romanesque  traces  hanging  about  it.  This  is  by  no  means  the 
case  with  all  contemporary  buildings.     We  often  meet  with  strong  vestiges 

offeret.  NuUus  ibi  ex  prsBbendiiriis,  sicut  nee  alibi  faciunt,  religiose  resedit,  sed  pan- 
pt-ribus  vicariis  ad  insultandum  Deo  modica  mercede  conductis,  pro  foribud  palatiorum 
faclentes  magnalia,  sanctum  eis  cborum  victosque  Penates  et  nudos  ecclesia)  parietes 
crediderunt. 

*'  Usee  est  vere  vera  religio,  hauc  omnis  imitari  et  asmulari  deberet  ecclesia.  Canonico 
seculari  ab  ecclesia  sua,  quamdiu  libuerit,  licebit  abesse  et  patrimonium  Christi  ubi,  et 
quaiido,  et  in  quascumque  voluerit  voluptates  absumere.  Id  tantum  provideant,  ut 
Ludiatur  vociferatio  frequuns  in  domo  Domini.  Si  ad  fores  talium  pulsaverit  advena, 
si  pauper  clamaverit,  respondebit  qui  pro  foribus  habitat,  (et  ipse  satis  pauper  vicarius,) 
*  Transite,  et  alibi  alimoniam  qusBrite,  quia  dominus  domus  domi  non  est.' " — Bic.  Div, 
de  Gest.  Ric.  J.,  capp.  84,  5.  *=  Apud  Giles,  S.Thom.  Cant.,  i.  257. 


464         St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  tlie  Early  English  Style.      [Nov. 

of  the  earlier  style  lingering  on  far  into  the  thirteenth  century.     Some 
buildings  of  the  same  date  as  Lincoln  are  still  quite  Romanesque.      Such 
is  the  magnificent  nave  of  Peterborough.     An  attentive  study  of  its  details 
will  show  indeed  that  its  mouldings  are  far  advanced  toward  Early  English, 
but  the  general  composition  is  still  Norman  of  the  grandest  and  purest 
kind.     Of  course  this  is  a  case  of  adaptation  to  earlier  work.      Abbot 
Benedict  built  his  nave  to  match  the  already  existing  choir  and  transepts ; 
and  in  its  general  effect  it  does  match  them,  though  the  workmen  have 
not  failed  to  bring  in  some  details  of  a  later  kind.     But  the  difference  of 
taste  is  only  marked  more  strongly.     Benedict  made  his  new  work  to 
match  the  old,  Hugh  pulled  the  old  down  and  built  the  new  after  a  "wholly 
different  pattern.     Hugh,  in  short,  was  an  architectural  innovator,  Bene- 
dict was  an  architectural  conservative.     In  short,  one  cannot  help  looking 
on  St.  Hugh's  episcopate  at  Lincoln  as  one  of  the  grand  landmarks  in  the 
history  of  English  architecture.     His  church  was  certainly  the  first  great 
work  accomplished  in  the  fully  developed  Early  English  style,  and  in  that 
variety  of  the  Early  English  style  which  is  most  purely  English,  that  most 
free  from  Romanesque  elements  on  the  one  hand  and  Geometrical  elements 
on  the  other.     It  may  best  be  distinguished  by  its  excluding  the  square 
abacus  at  one  end  and  the  traceried  window  at  the  other  ^.     It  is  the  stvle 
of  Lincoln,   Salisbury,   Ely,  and  indeed  our  Early  English  churches  in 
general.     But  its  use  is  not  univert^al  even  throughout  England*  while  out 
of  England  it  is  hardly  known  in  its  purit}'.     "Westminster,   not  indeed 
contemporary  with  Lincoln,  but  contemporary  with  Salisbury,  has  Geome- 
trical windows,  in  conformity  with  the  generally  foreign  character  of  the 
building.     At  Amiens  meanwhile  the  Geometrical  windows  are  supported 
by  pillars  which  cannot  be  said  to  be  clear  of  Eomanesque.     The  West 
of  England  again  had  a  style  of  its  own.     The  Early  English  style  of  that 
district  grew  out  of   Romanesque  and  grew  into  Geometrical  hy  quite 
another  path  ®.     From  the  Norman  of  St.  David's  to  the  Geometrical  of 
Chepstow  Castle,  we  find  a  long  string  of  buildings,  including  the  Miusten 
of  Glastonbury,  Wells,  Llandaff,  and  Llanthony,  and  the  smaller  but  hardlT 
less  beautiful  or  important  church  of  Slymbridge,  all  of  which  show  the 
independent  course  which  architecture  took  in  Somersetshire,  Gloucester- 
shire, and  South  Wales,     ^Vells  is  perhaps  the  most  valuable  example  of 
all,  for,  though  the  local  style  does  not  appear  there  in  its  most  typical 
form,  we  there  have  the  great  advantage  of  seeing  the  two  styles  side  by 
side.     The  west  front  of  Wells  is  built  in  the  common  Early  English  stvle, 
much  the  same  as  St.  Hugh's  work  at  Lincoln ;  but  the  choir,  transepts. 


•*  See  Freeman's  History  of  Architecture,  p.  356. 

«  Jones  and  Freimau's  History  of  St.  David's,  p.  64.  ArcJuBoloffia  CamArrmng, 
1856,  p.  240.  North  Wales  (ib.  p.  242)  seems  also  to  have  a  style  of  its  own,  bat  only 
one  great  church  now  exhibits  it»  that  of  Valle  Crucis. 


I860.]     St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style.         465 

and  nave  are  all  in  the  totally  different  local  style.  This  local  style  is  far 
less  advanced  than  Hugh's  style,  although  Wells  Cathedral  was  not  con- 
secrated till  1239,  and  part  of  the  nave  may  possibly  be  later  still.  We 
may  perhaps  have  some  day  to  examine  the  question  whether  the  work  at 
Wells  in  what  we  may  call  the  Hugonian  style  is  not  actually  earlier  than 
the  work  in  the  less  advanced  local  style  ;  at  all  events  the  latter  is  many 
years  later  than  the  works  of  Hugh  and  of  many  of  his  imitators.  The 
local  work  is  just  as  highly  finished,  the  detail  is  quite  as  rica,  as  the 
other,  only  it  is  less  advanced  in  principle.  The  Somersetshire  architect 
clave  to  nook-shafts,  square  edges,  square  and  octagonal  abaci,  while  other 
people  were  rejoicing  in  round  abaci  and  detached  shafts  of  Purbeck 
marble.  This  fact  shows,  as  Professor  Willis  obsei"ved  in  his  Wells 
lecture  ^,  that  difference  of  district  is  to  be  taken  into  account  as  well  as 
difference  of  architectural  detail.  As  France  and  England  ran  a  different 
course,  France  advancing  more  rapidly  in  tracery,  England  more  rapidly 
in  pillars  and  mouldings,  so  different  parts  of  England  ran  their  own  course 
also.  Wells,  as  we  have  seen,  is  less  advanced  than  Salisbury  in  its 
pillars ;  it  may  have  been  more  advanced  in  its  windows.  The  aisle  and 
clerestory  windows  at  Wells  now  contain  Perpendicular  insertions,  but  they 
look  very  much  as  if  their  original  finish  had  been  one  with  Geometrical 
patterns  of  two  lights. 

Whence  then  came  this  Hugonian  style,  this  style  of  purely  developed 
and  distinctively  English  Gothic  earlier  than  the  year  1200  ?  We  have 
seen  it  somewhere  or  other  called  a  "  Burgundian  style."  Before  we 
admit  this  we  must  see  more  evidence  in  favour  of  such  a  position,  and  we 
must  also  be  quite  sure  of  being  accurate  in  our  geography.  "  Burgundy" 
is  a  very  slippery  word.  In  medisBval  geography  it  has  full  six  different 
meanings.  The  first  Kingdom,  the  second  Kingdom,  the  Duchy,  the 
Lesser  Duchy,  the  County,  and  the  Circle  of  Burgundy  are  six  distinct 
things.  St.  Hugh  was  a  native  of  Burgundy,  but  not  of  Burgundy  in  the 
sense  which  that  word  commonly  conveys  to  the  modern  ear.  By  Bur- 
gundy we  commonly  understand  the  French  Duchy  of  Burgundy,  the 
Burgundy  of  which  Dijon  is  the  capital.  St.  Hugh  was  not  a  native  of 
Burgundy  in  this  sense.  His  poetical  biographer  carefully  distinguishes 
which  Burgundy  it  was  which  gave  birth  to  ?hi8  hero.  It  was  "  Imperial 
Burgundy  between  the  Ehone  and  the  Alps  k,"  the  old  Burgundian  King- 
dom, of  which  Frederick  Barbarossa  was  crowned  King  at  Aries  during 


'  ArchflDological  Proceedings  at  Bristol,  p.  zxvii.  Professor  Willis's  lecture  is  here 
raost  wretchedly  reported,  many  sentences  being  pat  into  the  Professor's  month  which 
arc  absolutely  meaningless,  and  which  he  therefore  cannot  have  uttered,  but  hb  views 
ou  this  point  seem  clear  enough. 

f  "  Imperialis  ubi  Burgnndia  sorgit  in  Alpes 
£t  condescendit  Bhodano.'' — (w.  22-8.) 


466         St.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style.      [Nov. 

St.  Hugh's  own  lifetime ^.  In  those  days  Besanqon,  Geneva*,  Marseilles, 
Annecy,  and  Nizza,  were  all  of  them  cities  of  "  Burgundia  Imperialis." 
In  those  days  the  Kingdom  of  Paris  had  not  begun  to  ask  for  Alpine  slopes, 
but  contented  itself  with  its  "natural  boundary"  of  the  Rhone.  Hugh, 
born  at  or  near  Grenoble,  was  born  the  arri^re  vassal,  not  of  the  Parisian 
King,  but  of  the  Swabian  CfiDsar.  If  therefore  we  want  to  prove  that 
"  Hugh  of  Burgundy"  introduced  a  "  Burgundian  style**  into  England,  we 
must  take  care  that  we  go  to  the  right  Burgundy.  Our  parallel  examples 
must  come,  not  from  what  we  commonly  understand  by  Burgundy,  but 
from  Grenoble  and  Vienne. 

Our  own  impression  is  that  Hugh's  style  is  not  Burgundian  nor  foreign 
at  all.  It  is  quite  possible  that  it  may  be  the  personal  invention  of  Hugh 
himself  or  of  his  architect,  Geoffrey  of  Noiers  ^.  But  if  so,  it  is  clear  that 
it  was  only  in  England,  and  indeed  only  in  part  of  England,  that  the  inven- 
tion took  root.  It  may  have  been  actually  devised  by  French  or  Burgun> 
dian  brains,  but  it  was  devised  beneath  the  air  of  England,  and  bore  fruit 
nowhere  but  in  English  soil.  The  style  of  Glastonbury  and  Llandaff  is 
really  much  more  foreign-looking  than  that  of  Lincoln  and  Ely.  But 
there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  that  style,  any  more  than  the  other  variety, 
is  due  to  any  imitation  of  foreign  models.  The  French  architects  did 
not  for  a  long  time  wholly  cast  off  all  Romanesque  ideas;  neither  did 
those  of  Somersetshire  and  South  Wales.  This  sufficiently  accounts  for 
the  slight  likeness  to  be  found  in  their  works.  Meanwhile,  Hugh  or 
Geoffrey  and  their  followers  boldly  cast  off  all  Romanesque  trammels  and 
carried  Gothic  architecture  at  once  to  the  ideal  perfection  of  its  earlier  form. 
England  accepted  their  gift  and  clave  to  it.  We  see  the  results  in  the 
noble  nave  and  choir  of  Lincoln  and  in  the  yet  diviner  presbytery  of  Ely. 

"We  have  wandered  far  from  Mr.  Dimock's  little  book,  as  we  wished 
chiefly  to  make  use  of  such  parts  of  its  contents  as  bore  upon  a  special 
point.  But  we  can  unreservedly  recommend  the  whole,  with  Mr.  Dimock's 
Introduction  and  Kotes,  as  a  valuable,  though  unpretending,  contribution 
to  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  twelfth  century. 


»»  1178.  Vit.  Alex.  III.  ap.  Murat.,  vol.  ul  p.  477.  Cf.  Bad.  Fris.,  Ub.  L  c  12.  ap. 
Marat.,  vol.  vi.  col.  750. 

'  "  Gcbcunam  [al.  Gcnoam],  Borgondise  oppidam  juiia  Rbodanum  sitom." — S^nih, 
Ann.  773. 

''  We  confess  that  we  do  not  know  where  Koiers  is.  We  know  Koyon  and  Neren^ 
bat  not  Noiers.  But  we  are  not  proud  of  our  ignorance,  as  Mr.  Fronde  was  when  he 
did  uot  know  the  whereabouts  of  Lexovia.  We  shall  be  much  obliged  if  anybody  r^n 
tell  us,  1st,  If  Noiers  (Dimock,  p.  51)  Lb  the  right  reading,  and  if  so,  2ndy  where  Noien 
IS,  and  something  about  it. 


I860.]  467 


STEMMATA  BOTEVILLIANA  ». 

When  we  were  in  the  habit  of  visiting  the  late  Sir  Samuel  Meyrick  at 
Goodrich  Court  some  years  ago,  amongst  the  numerous  objects  that  ren- 
dered his  house  so  replete  with  interest  and  characteristic  decoration,  we 
could  not  help  noticing  the  motto  of  "  Stemmata  quid  faciant"  generally 
diapered  on  the  walls.  Whether  passing  along  the  galleries,  hall,  or  cor- 
ridors, "Stemmata  quid  faciant"  was  a  genealogical  enigma  constantly 
asking  for  solution.  When  the  eyes  pierced  through  the  curtains,  at  the 
last  moment  before  closing  in  sleep,  or  sought  at  early  dawn  the  steel-clad 
effigies  in  the  armoury,  the  same  perplexing  interrogatory  was  always  be- 
fore us.  We  were,  indeed,  so  constantly  compelled  to  observe  the  black- 
letter  inscription  on  the  coloured  label,  meeting  the  gaze  as  it  did  at  every 
turn,  that  we  grew  wearied  with  its  repetition,  and  felt  inclined  to  acqui- 
esce in  the  sentiment  of  the  classical  poet  when  he  wrote  the  well-known 
lines,  — 

**  Et  genus  et  proavos  ct  qusD  non  fecimus  ipsi, 
Vix  ea  nostra  voco  ;** 

and  began  to  doubt  what  possible  value,  utility,  or  curiosity  there  could  be 
in  the  history  of  families  or  kindred.  Those  days  of  inexperience  and  super- 
ficial antiquarianism  have  now  passed  away.  We  are  no  longer  perplexed 
with  the  difficulty  that  pursued  us  at  Goodrich  Court.  The  elaborate  and 
valuable  work  of  Mr.  Botfield  before  us  has  conclusively  solved  it.  The 
Stemmata  Botevilliana  has  indeed  done  such  essential  service  to  history 
by  its  accuracy,  added  so  much  to  topography,  and  traced  so  ably  the 
descent  of  families  and  their  possessions,  that  every  one  who  has  the  oppor- 
tunity of  consulting  it  will  acknowledge  that  such  enquiries,  conducted 
with  equal  ability,  can  be  made  in  the  highest  degree  instructive  to  men 
of  letters,  whilst  they  afford  a  vast  light  to  the  general  reader  upon  the 
social  condition  of  our  country. 

In  the  most  picturesque  part  of  Shropshire,  a  county  inferior  to  none  in 
every  feature  constituting  variety  and  magnificence  of  scenery,  is  a  quiet 
valley  embosomed  amid  verdant  hills,  known  formerly  as  Stretton-in-the- 
Dale,  but  more  familiar  in  the  present  day  to  travellers  by  the  Shrewsbury 
and  Hereford  Railway  under  the  name  of  Church  Stretton.  The  Romans 
were  well  acquainted  with  this  secluded  district.  They  led  through  it  one 
of  their  important  branches  of  communication  with  the  Watling  Street  at 
Urioconium.  Their  traffic  along  this  valley  gave  the  earliest  name  to  the 
])laces  now  called  respectively  Little  Stretton,  Church  Stretton,  and  All 

■  "  Stemmata  Botevilliana.  Memorials  of  the  Families  of  De  Boteville,  Thynne,  and 
Botfield."     By  Beriah  Botfield.      (4to.,  1868.     Mvattly  printed.) 


468  Stemmata  JBotevilliana.  [Nov. 

Stretton.  Pavements  laid  down  by  this  enterprising  people  have  been  dis- 
covered in  the  neighbouring  parish  of  Acton  Scott.  Their  causeways  still 
exist  in  the  immediate  locality,  works  that  were  regarded  with  so  much 
astonishment  by  past  generations  as  to  have  been  attributed  to  supernatural 
agency.  In  the  fastnesses  and  on  the  heights  of  this  mountainous  district 
the  brave  leader  of  the  Britons  erected  fortresses  that  even  yet  bear  his 
name.  It  is  under  Caer  Caradoc,  one  of  the  British  chieftain's  principal 
camps,  that  the  little  hamlet  of  Botvyle  is  situated,  and  from  this  small 
spot  have  issued  a  numerous  race,  bearing  simply  and  under  slightly  altered 
forms  the  name  of  their  seed-plot.  The  learned  author  of  the  Stemmata 
Botevilliana,  himself  identified  with  these  early  progenitors,  has  laboriously 
traced  them  through  all  the  varying  stages  of  their  condition.  He  has 
followed  them  from  their  first  appearance  on  the  face  of  recorded  history, 
through  a  state  of  importance,  till  he  sees  their  fusion  with  other  commu- 
nities, and  almost  their  extinction  amid  changing  fortunes.  He  has  again 
linked  together  the  scattered  representatives,  and  once  more  found  them 
established  in  the  foremost  ranks  of  the  £nglish  gentry. 

In  thus  detailing  the  vicissitudes  of  the  race  of  Botvyle,  or  Botfield,  in 
shewing  the  success  or  rise  of  one  branch  and  the  decay  of  another,  the 
author  has  proved  that  he  was  actuated  by  the  search  of  truth  alone,  rather 
than  by  personal  pride,  in  pursuing  his  enquiries.  This  fact  is  observable 
immediately  we  enter  upon  the  perusal  of  his  book.  We  need  scarcely 
say  that  this  is  a  most  unusual  mark  in  works  of  a  genealogical  character, 
and  therefore  it  at  once  stamps  it  with  integrity  and  value. 

The  work  abounds  with  pedigrees ;  but  they  are  not,  as  is  customarily 
exhibited,  exclusively  pedigrees  of  noble  and  knightly  origin.  There  is 
something,  therefore,  quite  refreshing  in  turning  to  the  descent  of  a  man 
of  gentle  blood,  or  to  that  of  some  respectable  yeoman,  whose  family  has 
been  untainted  by  the  vice  of  courts  and  uncorrupted  by  the  money  exacted 
from  the  people.  We  have  many  such  genealogies  in  the  volume  before 
us,  and  we  think  such  pedigrees  as  these  are  eminently  worth  preserving ; 
they  shew  that  antiquity  of  family  is  not  confined  to  those  whose  ancestral 
race  is  recorded  by  heralds  and  county  historians,  but  is  equally  shared  by 
men  of  an  humbler  social  position.  Thousands  of  hard-working  labourers 
have  had  their  forefathers  fixed  in  the  same  village  for  three  or  more  cen- 
turies, have  lived  in  the  same  house  and  helped  to  till  the  same  farm  for 
successive  generations.  The  incumbent  of  nearly  every  rural  parish  is  fre- 
quently reminded  of  this  fact,  either  by  his  parishioners  or  by  the  register 
in  his  charge.  The  importance  of  such  recorded  descents  as  these  is  par- 
ticularly valuable,  moreover,  as  aiding  our  knowledge  of  the  social  condition 
of  the  people  themselves,  and  as  furnishing  fresh  principles  for  the  exercise 
of  statistical,  social,  and  economical  enquiry. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  circumstance  of  the  race  of  Botvyle,  or 
Botfield,  (we  shall  use  the  name  under  either  form,  as  it  is  in  reality  one 
2 


I860.]  Stemmata  Botevilliana.  469 

and  tlie  same,)  taking  their  origin  from  a  hamlet  bo  called  at  the  foot  of 
Caer  Caradoc.  The  bare  allusion  to  tbe  name  of  Botvyle,  associated  as  it 
is  with  a  place  and  a.  family,  would  induce  etymological  speculation  that 
would  be  inconveniently  lengthy,  and  perhaps  not  Batiafaotory  to  any  enquirer. 
Whilat  Borae  persons  woald  Btill  refer  the  origin  of  the  fomlly  of  Botfield  to 
a  Norman  source,  othera  would  prefer  associating  it  with  the  neighboaring 
parish  of  Le  Eotwood.  It  is  enough  for  the  present  simply  to  state  that 
the  Visitation  of  Salop  ia  1623  and  1663  enquired  into  the  pedigrees  of 
Botevile  of  Botevile,  and  that  whilst  these  are  given  in  the  volnme  before 
na,  there  are  also  as  many  as  seven  or  eight  others  pursuing  the  same  line 
of  investigation  ;  Ur.  Botfield  himself,  according  to  the  Visitation  of  Anns 
by  Sir  J.  B.  Burke,  being  descended  from  a  Sir  Geo6Tey  Botteville,  men- 
tioned by  Matthew  Paris  as  living  in  1210.  This  Geoffrey  had  a  son 
William,  who  is  mentioned  in  the  Hnndred  Rolls  as  a  subforester  of  Shirlet 
in  1255,  who  had  a  son  stated  to  have  been  in  the  siege  of  Carlaverock. 
Of  this  fact  we  most,  however,  be  permitted  to  express  a  difierence  of 
opinion  from  the  heraldic  aathority  jnst  named,  since  we  do  not  find  any 
mention  of  a  Bote»yle  in  the  writs  of  either  military  or  parliamentary  sum- 
mons during  the  rei^s  of  the  first  two  Edwards,  whilst  the  Roll  of  Car< 
laverock  is  eqaally  silent.  There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt  that  the  family 
continued  at  Stretton-in-the-Dale  for  several  generations.  Ab  no  particular 
reason  exists  for  enumerating  here  the  steps  by  which  one  generation  gave 
origin  to  another,  or  when  they  obtained  livery  of  their  paternal  lands,  we 
shall  pass  over  the  interval  till  we  reach  the  middle  of  the  flfteentli  century, 
{1439—1461,)  when  the  family  of  Botvyle  divided  into  two  branches,  the 
eldest  son  of  William  Botefelde.  or  William  de  la  Inn,  bb  he  is  termed,  giving 
rise  by  his  alliance  with  Alicia,  both  of  nhom  are  named  on  the  records 
of  the  manor  of  Stretton,  to  the  family  of  Tliynne,  Mnrquesses  of  Bath, 
through  their  elder  son,  and  through  John  B'jtefelde  the  younger  to  that 
unbroken  line  from  which  the  authorof  tlie  Stemmata  is  himself  descended. 
A  late  writer  in  the  "  Quarterly  Review''"  has  attempted  to  attribute  the 
rise  of  the  noble  family  just  mentioned  to  siime  individual  connected  with 
the  Inns  of  Court,  a  natnral  predilection  for  such  a  locality  in  the  mind  of 
a  legal  investigator,  hut  the  evidence  of  John  Thynne,  the  Thynnus  Aulicua 
commemorated  in  the  Epistles  of  Erasmiia,  springing  from  the  William  de 
lu  Inn  of  Stretton,  is  too  clear  to  admit  of  a  doubt.  We  nmy  be  allowed 
to  place  some  degree  of  confidence  in  our  oivu  power  of  collecting  and 
sifting  testimony  of  this  nature.  The  opinion  we  have  furmed  is  com- 
pletely borne  out  by  the  laborious  researches  and  well-known  accuracy  of 
the  late  Mr.  Morris  of  Shrewsbury,  beyond  comparison  the  most  able  and 
faithful  genealogist  of  his  day.  According  to  his  pedigree,  the  anonymous 
advocate  of  a  legal  origin  for  the  Thynne  family  is  placed  out  of  court. 


470  Stemmata  Botevilliana,  [Nov* 

Tlie  original  Rolls  of  the  manor  of  Stretton  are  still  preserved.  They 
commence  as  early  as  23  Edw.  III.  (1350).  These  Rolls 'supply  a  great 
deal  of  information  relating  to  the  Botfield  family,  from  this  period  down- 
wards. Much  information  about  their  various  descents,  and  their  con- 
nexion with  the  Thynnes,  is  supplied  by  pedigrees  in  the  College  of  Arms, 
and  by  the  pedigrees  of  Bandle  Holmes.  The  marriage  of  Ralph  Botevilley 
Ralph  o*  th'  Inne,  abbreviated  as  Ralph  Thinne,  or  Thynne,  is  recorded  by 
Sir  Richard  Hoare  from  a  MS.  at  Longleat.  He  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  John  Hygons  of  Church  Stretton,  a  fact  confirmed  by  the  Visitation  of 
Shropshire  in  1584  and  in  1623,  the  former  remaining  in  the  Bodleian,  and 
the  latter  in  the  College  of  Arms. 

Whilst  the  elder  son  of  the  Botefeldes,  leaving  the  paternal  valley,  was 
fostered  under  the  patronage  of  the  Tudors,  whilst  the  family  were  realizing 
fortunes  under  courtly  favour  sufficiently  ample  to  enable  them  to  erect 
palaces  capable  of  vieing  even  with  Holdenby  and  other  royal  residences, 
the  ofi^spring  of  John,  the  younger  son,  remained  for  years  in  the  obscarity 
of  their  native  district.  At  length,  outgrowing  the  paternal  enclosure,  they 
became  gradually  dispersed  through  the  contiguous  parishes.  They  made 
settlements  at  Hughley,  Lebotwood,  Frodesley,  Leigh  ton,  and  other  vil- 
lages in  the  county  within  easy  distance  of  each  other.  They  forsook  the 
unvarying  occupation  of  agriculture, — we  had  almost  written,  they  forgot 
the  tranquil  indolence  of  nomadic  life,  that  invited  them  to  cleave  to  the 
sheep-walks  of  the  Long  Mynd,  the  Lawley,  and  the  Caradoc, — and  eventu- 
ally became  settled  at  Dawley.  The  distance  they  thus  passed  over  was 
trifling,  being  little  more  than  twenty  miles.  The  times  of  these  migra- 
tions have  been  pretty  closely  ascertained,  by  means  of  the  various  wills 
and  registers  printed  in  the  volume  under  notice.  From  these  documents 
it  appears  that  the  Botfields  first  settled  at  Dawley  at  the  close  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  They  were  fully  established  there  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  next. 

From  this  time,  however,  a  new  era  of  prosperity  awaited  them.  The 
mineral  treasures  of  tliat  apparently  exhaustless  district  excited  their  spirit 
of  enterprise.  The  foresight,  aided  by  the  natural  genius,  of  Thomas,  the 
son  of  that  Beriah  Botfield  who  was  born  here  in  1702,  speedily  opened 
the  way  to  their  steady  advancement  in  wealth  and  consideration. 

We  are  now  writing  of  events  that  happened  a  century  and  a-half  ago. 
At  this  period  all  the  erections  necessary  for  smelting  iron  were  rude  and 
inconvenient.  The  powers  of  steam  had  not  been  applied.  The  action  of 
a  water-wheel  generated  the  blast.  Had  Henry  Cort  discovered  the  grand 
secret  then,  or  had  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  have  patented  his  invention 
even  twenty  years  ago,  instead  of  leaving  a  family  unprovided  for,  he 
might  have  left  behind  him  the  riches  of  Croesus.  The  volumetric  process, 
a  ready  and  very  profitable  method  of  testing  the  exact  amount  of  metal 
remaining  in  the  cinder,  was  equally  unknown.     Thus,  after  the  example 


-    J 


I860.]  Stemmata  Botevilliana,  471 

of  the  Roman  smelters,  as  much  as  27  or  28  per  cent,  of  iron  was  com- 
monly left  unextracted  from  the  ore.  The  residuum  ought  not  now  to 
exceed  one  and  a- half,  where  the  charge  of  furnaces  is  properly  regulated. 
These  were  some  of  the  difficulties  that  impeded  the  manufacture  of  iron 
when  Eeriah  Botfield  assiduously,  and  in  the  face  of  engineering  and 
scientific  obstacles,  carried  on  his  works  at  Dawley.  The  highly  respect- 
able firm  of  the  Darbys  in  Coalbrook-dale  were  already  established  in  this 
romantic  valley.  The  contiguity  of  their  works  to  the  Severn,  and  their 
inclined  plane,  formed  at  Coal  Port  in  1 780  ^,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
the  produce  of  their  furnaces  at  Ketley  by  this  novel  invention  from  a  canal 
on  a  much  higher  level  to  the  noble  river  below  it,  gave  them  the  command 
of  the  Bristol  trade,  as  well  as  of  a  large  portion  of  that  in  the  colonies. 
They  had  erected,  in  1779,  which  was  undoubtedly  surprising,  an  arch  of 
100  ft.  span  over  the  Severn,  a  work  more  celebrated  at  the  period  than 
any  chain  or  tubular  bridge  that  has  since  that  time  been  projected.  It 
was  a  daring  effort  of  architectural  skill, -and  an  entirely  new  application  of 
cast-iron.  The  success  of  the  effort  produced  another  bridge  at  Buildwas, 
and  another  at  Coal  Fort  of  a  similar  kind. 

At  the  same  period  the  ancestors  of  some  of  the  English  nobility  were 
occupied  in  a  similar  way,  in  accumulating  wealth  through  the  development 
of  the  iron  trade,  the  most  precious  metal  hitherto  discovered  for  destroy- 
ing or  civilizing  mankind.  The  Foleys  and  the  Wards,  both  families  since 
ennobled,  the  Knights,  the  Crawshays,  the  Guests,  the  Baileys,  and  others 
in  a  lesser  degree,  derived  their  influence  and  their  estates  from  the  success 
attending  tlieir  mineral  speculations.  All  these  individuals  reaped  the  sub- 
stantial fruits  of  well-directed  enterprise,  and  their  honourable  exertions 
justly  entitle  them  to  the  lofty  social  position  they  have  attained. 

Beriah  Botfield  died  in  1754,  leaving  one  son.  This  son,  Thomas,  lived 
to  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  having  added  to  the  family  posses- 
sions by  the  purchase  of  a  good  estate  in  Northamptonshire,  besides  ac- 
quiring other  lands  in  South  Wales.  From  a  schedule  of  property  bought 
by  the  Botfields,  appended  to  the  Stemmata  as  an  accompaniment  to 
a  similar  account  of  the  estates  purchased  by  Sir  John  Thynne,  the  builder 
of  Longleat,  it  appears  that  by  the  year  1 800  Beriah  Botfield  had  invested 
a  large  sum  in  the  acquisition  of  freehold.  Much  of  this  was  derived  from 
the  successful  prosecution  of  the  iron  trade  more  than  sixty  years  ago, 
when  there  were  formidable  competitors  in  this  most  important  branch  of 
our  national  industrv.  At  the  same  time,  the  celebrated  Mr.  Wilkinson  was 
attempting  the  monopoly  of  its  manufacture  in  the  neighbouring  parishes  of 
Snedshill,  Willey,  and  Broseley.  The  latter  place  was  at  that  time  an  active 
and  flourishing  community,  but  its  mines  being  exhausted,  it  has  since  fallen 

*^  These  datf  s  are  given  on  a  half-penny  issued  Mf  the  Coalbrook-dale  Company  in 
1799,  havmg  the  inclined  plane  and  the  iron  bridge  represented  on  either  Bide. 


472  Siemmata  Eotevilliana.  [Not. 

into  irrecoverable  decay.  A  wandering  antiquary  might  naturaUy  mistake 
its  ruined  furnaces  for  the  remains  of  castles,  if  the  heaps  of  imperfectly 
smelted  scoria  did  not  tell  him  they  were  structures  .raised  by  a  populous 
community  no  longer  existing.  Its  houses  of  various  grades  so  promis- 
cuously huddled  together,  irregular,  scattered,  inclining,  and  dilapidated, 
exhibit  a  melancholy  picture  of  a  town  once  prosperous,  but  now  deprived 
of  the  means  of  self-support,  left  without  possessing  a  solitary  liberal 
institution,  or  even  the  unfettered  power  of  exercising  political  freedom. 
Such  a  state  of  declension  must  inevitably  befal  other  localities,  when  their 
commerce  has  passed  away  to  some  new  seat  of  colonization.  Towns  now 
in  a  flourishing  condition,  such  as  Bilston,  Broniwich,  Willenhall,  Wednes- 
bury,  and  Tipton,  which  all  owe  their  trade  exclusively  to  the  mineral 
operations  carried  on  in  the  vicinity,  may  in  another  generation  reflect  the 
deserted  aspect  of  Broseley.  Their  coal  measures,  already  becoming  scanty, 
will  at  no  great  distance  of  time  fail  altogether.  "  The  black  country," 
now  nightly  illuminated  by  the  quivering  blaze  of  blast-furnaces  and  the 
flickering  brightness  of  coke  hearths,  will  be  changed  into  a  dreary  waste. 
Pitfalls,  and  dark  heaps  of  shale,  putrescent  waters,  and  the  rubbish  of  an 
*'  intractable  abyss,  a  chaos  wild,"  will  exist  where  now  the  rays  of  dazzling 
light  are  unceasingly  emitted  from  the  tall  chimneys,  smelting-housesy 
rolling-mills,  and  bloomeries,  so  thickly  studded  over  the  district. 

The  genius  of  Mr.  Wilkinson,  a  man  so  eminent  and  respected  in  his 
day,  called  vast  concerns  into  existence,  but  he  left  neither  family  or  wealth 
behind  him.  He  had  expended  profusely  in  establishing  his  works.  They 
were  on  a  scale  of  great  magnitude,  and  no  doubt  a  large  fortune  was  sunk 
in  erections  and  immoveable  capital.  His  connexion  with  Shropshire*  Den- 
bighshire, and  South  Staffordshire  is  a  memory  almost  extinct  with  the 
present  generation.  His  halfpennies,  bearing  his  own  handsome  profile, 
shewing  the  hair  turned  back  and  tied  in  a  queue,  with  the  superscription 
of  ''John  Wilkinson,  Ironmaster,'*  have  on  their  exergue  the  names  of 
Willey,  Snedshill,  Bersham,  Bradely,  the  places  where  his  chief  works  were 
situated.  The  reverse,  in  some  of  the  specimens  we  possess,  those,  for 
instance,  struck  in  1790,  1793,  and  1795,  represent  a  workman  at  a  shin- 
gling hammer.  In  the  coins  of  1 792  the  reverse  exhibits  a  figure  of  excel- 
lent design,  seated  before  an  anvil.  These  tokens,  which  may,  perhaps, 
be  found  in  the  cabinet  of  a  Chetwynd  or  some  curious  numismatist,  are 
now  probably  the  only  records  of  a  gentleman  whose  indefatigable  industry 
was  the  means  of  employing  thousands  of  our  population.  His  exertions 
in  developing  the  mineral  productions  of  his  country,  whilst  contributing 
to  augment  the  national  resources,  added  to  the  comforts  and  happiness  of 
multitudes,  and  placed  himself  in  such  an  important  position  that  he  merits 
more  than  this  passing  notice. 

In  the  same  line,  but  a  little  later,  arose  Samuel  Fereday.  He  was 
a  person  of  lower  origin  and  of  humbler  abilities,  but  possessing  a  more 


I860.]  Stemmaia  Botevilliana.  473 

adventurous  and  unrestrained  spirit  of  ambition.  It  was  this  recklessness 
that  in  a  lucky  moment  induced  him  to  sink  deeper  into  the  earth  than 
had  hitherto  been  attempted,  and  led  him  to  the  important  discovery  of 
"  the  new  m'ne."  For  the  valuable  result  of  this  successful  experiment  he 
received,  as  he  well  deserved,  the  thanks  of  the  united  ironmasters  of  South 
Staffordshire,  in  a  substantial  testimonial  with  which  they  presented  him. 
Such  a  tribute  probably  added  fuel  to  his  habits  of  speculation.  It  per- 
haps induced  him  to  enter  upon  the  extension  of  concerns  already  too 
gigantic  for  the  control  of  a  single  individual.  Pyromancy,  had  he  un- 
derstood how  to  consult  such  an  appropriate  oracle,  would  have  returned 
a  word  of  caution,  and  evident  symptoms  of  bad  times  approaching  would 
have  suggested  the  contraction  of  his  undertakings.  "  The  great  Mr.  Fere- 
day/'  as  he  was  commonly  called,  neglected  the  omen,  and  instead  of  con- 
tinuing to  wield  the  iron  sceptre  of  Vulcan,  and  '*  rule  the  trade/'  he  closed 
his  career  in  the  Gazette.  When  the  new  mine  is  worked  out,  and  its  dis- 
coverer forgotten,  the  pennies  of  Priestfields  will  be  all  that  is  left  to 
transmit  the  name  of  Samuel  Fereday  to  posterity. 

The  reader  will  pardon  this  long  digression,  since  it  gives  him  an  insight 
into  the  kind  of  competition  the  Botfields  had  to  sustain.  It  serves  to  shew 
him  that  whilst  some  of  their  rivals  were  dashing  speculators,  mere  adven- 
turers on  fictitious  credit,  supported  from  one  quarter-day  to  the  next  solely 
by  the  accommodation  afforded  by  the  bill  or  the  truck  system,  the  concerns 
at  Dawley  and  its  neighbourhood  were  directed  on  principles  more  secure 
and  creditable  to  the  proprietors.  Such  straightforward  conduct,  in  fact, 
marked  their  transactions  from  the  earliest  period.  Their  promise  was 
never  doubted,  or  their  integrity  questioned.  The  same  high  sense  of 
honour  marked  the  life  of  Thomas,  the  son  of  Beriah, — of  that  Thomas  Bot- 
field  who  was  the  founder  of  the  existing  fortunes  of  the  family.  It  de- 
scended, as  if  it  were  an  inalienable  inheritance,  to  Thomas  Botfield's 
children,  to  Thomas,  William,  and  Beriah,  and  we  may  add,  to  his  grand- 
son, who  still  carries  on  the  vast  works  the  abilities  and  perseverance  of 
his  uncles  and  father  originated.  When  it  is  further  added,  that  each  of 
them  united  unremitting  industry  to  a  cautious  judgment,  that  they  pos- 
sessed the  confidence  of  their  workmen,  who  never  murmured  when  times 
were  adverse,  but  who  grew  old  in  their  employment,  and  were  attached  to 
them  for  their  kindness,  the  secret  of  their  remarkable  success  is  disclosed. 

These  three  brothers  must  now,  however,  briefly  receive  a  separate 
notice.  They  had,  it  is  true,  an  aptitude  for  business  in  common,  though 
they  varied  in  the  way  of  applying  their  energies.  At  an  early  age,  whilst 
the  father  was  directing  the  Old  Park  Iron- works,  which  he  had  erected  at 
Dawley,  Thomas  was  sent  to  the  Clee  Hills^  where  his  father  had  opened 
coal-mines  in  1780.  The  fact  of  planting  a  colliery  on  that  bleak  and 
dreary  elevation  shewed  that  he  possessed  a  sagacity  then  very  uncom- 
mon among  practical  men.     Q-eology  at  that  time  had  not  reached  the 


474  Stemmata  Botevilliana,  [Not. 

position  of  a  science;  the  theories  of  Woodward,  Whiston,  and  Whitc- 
hurst  had  successively  fallen  into  disrepute.  Few  persons  would  have 
anticipated  amongst  the  older  rocks  the  existence  of  a  detached  coal- 
field: none  hut  Thomas  Botfield  would  have  ventui^d  upon  sinking 
through  the*basaltic  crust  covering  the  Titterstone.  His  intuitive  know- 
ledge urged  him.  to  open  the  workings  in  a  scientific  way.  He  raised  fuel 
to  a  large  extent,  and  thus  supplied  the  wants  of  a  very  extended  district. 
Wealth  rolled  in  as  the  inevitable  result. 

On  the  death  of  the  father,  Thomas  the  eldest  son  transferred  bis  residence 
to  Hopton  Court,  a  place  he  purchased  in  1803,  and  added  the  manors  of 
Farlow,  Hopton,  and  Cleeton,  besides  other  landed  property  of  mag'nitude, 
to  the  possessions  he  inherited.  Injustice  would  be  done  the  memory  of 
this  excellent  man  if  we  did  not  regard  him  under  his  scientific  reputation. 
He  was  an  active  niember  of  the  Royal,  the  Horticultural,  and  Agricultural 
Societies,  a  supporter  of  the  Geological  Society  and  the  British  Associa- 
tion, when  all  of  them,  except  the  first,  were  first  formed.  Ever  anxious 
to  enlarge  the  resources  of  a  mind  naturally  vigorous  and  comprehensive, 
his  attention  was  constantly  directed  to  practical  improvements  in  the 
manufacture  and  application  of  iron.  He  obtained  a  patent  for  construct- 
ing metal  roofs  for  houses  in  1809;  another  in  1828  for  improvements  in 
smelting  or  making  iron,  which  embodied  the  principle  of  employing 
heated  air  in  the  blast  of  furnaces.  This  practice,  which  has  since  been 
universally  adopted  in  the  iron-works  of  Scotland,  Staffordshire,  and  South 
Wales,  first  facilitated  the  use  of  coal  in  an  uncarbonized  state,  though  it 
has  not,  as  at  one  time  conceived,  improved  the  quality  of  the  metal  itself. 
The  later  appHcation  of  Cort,  who  first  used  blast  engines  driven  by  steam 
power,  was  still  unknown.  This  neglected  benefactor  to  the  national 
wealth  forced  the  air  into  the  furnaces  at  a  pressure  of  from  two  to  three 
pounds  per  square  inch,  and  at  a  temperature  of  about  600®  Fahrenheit. 
By  this  means  he  caused,  with  the  same  amount  of  fuel,  a  much  larger 
burden  to  be  carried  than  had  hitherto  been  effected,  gaining  at  the 
same  time  a  more  than  proportionably  large  yield  of  metal.  Incalculable, 
however,  as  have  been  the  advantages  derived  from  Cort's  applicadons, 
those  of  Thomas  Botfield  must,  without  controversy,  hold  a  rank  second 
only  to  this  discoverer. 

When  able  to  divest  himself  from  the  anxieties  of  business,  like  his 
two  brothers  he  freely  entered  into  the  exhilarating  sports  of  the  field. 
All  three  belonged  to  a  school  of  sportsmen  that  have  now  passed  away. 
Thomas  and  his  youngest  brother  Beriah  hunted  with  the  Quom  when 
Meynell  gathered  round  him  some  of  the  best  riders  in  England.  In  those 
days  fox-hunting  was  not  a  late  meet  and  a  gentle  canter  over  verdant 
pastures.  When  not  in  Leicestershire,  Thomas  joined  the  Ludlow  pack, 
and  these  hounds  ran  over  a  country  that  would  try  the  best  of  6hn>pahix«fs 
excellent  breed  of  horses,  and  the  courage  of  a  d&ring  rider,     Yxook  Ae 


I860.]  Stemmaia  Botevilliana.  475 

meet  at  Cainham  Camp  frequently  over  the  steep  sides  of  the  Hoar  Edge, 
through  the  stiff  fallows  of  Farlow  and  Silvington,  the  clay  of  Coreley,  and 
the  red  mire  of  Milson  to  the  heart  of  Bewdley  Forest.  He  hunted  his 
own  harriers,  and  sweetly  their  music  echoed  round  the  grey  cairns  and 
the  sepulchral  enclosures  of  the  Titterstone.  He  was  a  devout  Church- 
man, and  he  hoth  restored  and  erected  churches  before  a  feeling  of  this 
kind  had  grown  into  a  fashion. 

In  the  opening  address  by  the  President  of  the  Geological  Society  in 
1843,  it  was  truly  said  of  him  that  the  fortune  he  amassed  he  expended  in 
hospitality  and  benevolence.  It  might  have  been  added  with  equal  justice 
that  he  used  it  in  promoting  science,  and  in  the  performance  of  unosten- 
tatious works  of  piety. 

William  Botfield,  the  second  son,  was  bom  in  1 766.  He  married  early, 
and  residing  in  a  house  built  for  him  by  his  father  at  Malinslee,  he  suc- 
ceeded him  in  the  management  of  the  Old  Park  works.  The  whole  of  his 
long  and  energetic  life  was  devoted  to  the  business  for  which  his  father 
destined  him.  He  subsequently  erected  an  excellent  mansion  at  Decker 
Hill,  where  he  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four.  Like  his  brother, 
he  left  no  children,  and  the  large  estates  his  industry  had  enabled  him  to 
acquire  descended,  as  his  brother's  did,  to  his  nephew,  the  present  member 
for  Ludlow.  From  the  schedule  of  property  in  the  Appendix  of  the 
Stemmata,  he  appears  to  have  added  largely  to  the  freehold  estates  of  the 
family,  besides  the  various  investments  he  had  made  in  the  works  he  built 
at  Stirchley,  Dark  Lane,  and  Hinckshay. 

Beriah,  the  third  son  of  Thomas  Botfield,  died  at  the  early  age  of  forty- 
five.  He  had  the  happiness  of  marrying  the  accomplished  daughter  of 
Dr.  Withering.  The  varied  accomplishments  and  virtues  of  this  estimable 
lady  have  been  felicitously  pourtrayed  in  Miss  Roberts's  "  Female  Bio- 
graphy." It  was  probably  owing  to  the  mental  training  of  this  intellectual 
lady  that  the  author  of  the  Stemmata  derived  the  tastes  that  he  has  dis- 
played  in  various  branches  of  literature ;  at  all  events,  the  contemplation 
of  virtues  such  as  she  possessed  could  not  fail  to  produce  an  important 
influence  in  every  society  in  which  she  was  placed. 

In  the  success  of  the  Botfield  family  we  have  before  us  a  remarkable 
proof  of  what  diligent  habits,  perseverance,  and  the  exercise  of  common 
prudence  will  accomplish.  Their  wealth  was  acquired  not  by  lucky  specu- 
lations, by  adventurous  gain  or  penurious  saving,  but  by  the  good  common 
sense  they  all  possessed,  by  their  feeling  of  responsibility,  and  by  their  steady 
course  of  honourable  dealing.  Exhibiting  moral  triumphs  like  these,  they 
elevated  the  views  of  those  around  them,  and  advanced  the  social  condition 
of  thousands  whom  their  collieries  and  iron-works  employed.  They  shewed 
them  the  value  of  an  upright  character,  and  have  thus  left  legacies  behind 
them  more  enduring  than  all  the  riches  that  can  be  extracted  from  the  most 
precious  of  metals. 


476  Roman  Remains  in  France.  [Nov. 

Here  we  might  not  inconveniently  close  our  remarks,  bad  we  not  still 
a  very  few  words  to  say  on  the  handsome  volume  we  have  so  freely  con- 
sulted. It  may  be  justly  described  as  furnishing  the  history  of  a  race, 
rather  than  of  a  single  family.  Every  source  of  intelligence  has  been 
diligently  investigated,  from  the  earliest  court  or  manorial  roll  down  to 
the  decaying  register  of  remote  parishes.  The  Appendix,  of  548  pages, 
contains  all  these  documents  printed  in  extenso,  and  they  are  a  vast  mass 
of  miscellaneous  information  illustrative  of  history,  biography,  genealogy, 
and  topography.  We  are  not  acquainted  with  any  labours  on  these  sub- 
jects that  display  more  industry  in  their  compilation  or  more  lucid  arrange- 
ment: it  is  a  work  worthy  to  stand  by  the  side  of  the  admirable  con- 
tribution made  some  years  ago  by  Mr.  Botfield  to  the  Roxburgh  Club, 
which  we  have  always  regarded  as  a  contribution  better  worth  possessing 
than  the  collected  series  of  those  bibliomaniacal  offerings.  Unconnected 
with  personal  history,  the  Stemmata  Botevillianu  is  in  itself  a  valuable 
history ;  and  its  author  has  completely  justified  his  own  opinion,  that  what- 
ever is  worth  doing  at  all,  should  be  done  well. 


ROMAN  REMAINS  IK  PRANCE. 

Arch^.olooy  in  Trance  has  received  an  unlooked-for  impulse  in  a  disooveiy 
made  by  M.  Tudot,  near  Moulins,  of  the  remains  of  potters'  kilns  used  for  baking 
figurines  of  white  clay.  Many  hundreds  of  the  products  of  the  kilns  have  been 
found.  Some  of  them  are  of  great  beauty  and  of  high  artistic  merit ;  others  are 
of  indifferent  workmanship ;  and  some  are  of  inferior  and  rude  design  and  execu- 
tion. The  potters'  names  are  usually  scratched  upon  the  exterior  surface  in  a 
semi-cursive  style.  It  appears  also  that  the  kilns  were  not  confined  strictly  to  these 
white  clay  figures.  Examples  of  the  red,  shining,  Roman  pottery,  as  well  as  moulds 
and  stamps,  have  also  been  found,  confirming  the  evidence  already  afforded  of  the 
origin  of  that  peculiar  ware.  M.  Tudot  has  published  seventy-five  plates  and 
numerous  woodcuts  of  the  moulds  and  figures ;  and  to  this  elaborate  work  we  may 
probably  refer  in  an  early  number  of  our  Magazine. 

From  a  pamphlet  lately  published  by  M.  Marchal,  of  Luneville,  it  appears  that 
in  the  countrv  around  Compiegne,  Attichy  and  Soissons,  once  inhabited  by  the 
Bellovaci,  ana  occupied  by  the  Romans  from  b.c.  58  to  a.d.  464,  at  a  short  dis- 
tance from  Picrrefonds,  on  the  road  to  Atticliy,  there  is  a  spot  where  a  few  strokes 
of  the  hoe  will  sometimes  bring  to  liglit  the  gable  of  an  old  roof,  shewing  that  a 
town  existed  there.  Wells  of  Roman  construction  are  also  met  with,  being  those 
which  the  Prce/ecti  castrotntm  were,  in  virtue  of  their  functions,  obliged  to  have 
dug  for  the  supply  of  water  to  the  troops.  Coins,  bearing  the  effigies  of  various 
emperors,  arc  aug  up  almost  daily;  aud  various  fragments  of  scmpture,  which 
al  test  a  high  degree  of  civilization.  But  M.  Marchal's  discovery  chiefly  relates  to 
the  theatre  and  temple  of  Campi  locus,  now  Champlieu.  It  would  seem  that  the 
theatre  of  Champlieu  was  still  in  use  at  the  time  of  the  Merovingians,  since  a  few 
ca[)itals  of  that  period  are  found  intermingled  with  the  remnants  of  Roman  sculp- 
ture which  adorn  it.  Its  form  is  that  of  a  horse-shoe.  From  this  spot  the  re- 
mains of  a  Roman  road  lead  to  the  ruins  of  a  temple  of  Apollo,  of  whicn  the  steps 
alone  remain  in  a  state  of  partial  preservation.  The  columns,  capitals^  and  cft- 
tablatures  lie  mostly  prostrate  on  the  adjoining  grouud. 


I860.]  477 


THE  LEGEND  OF  KING  GRADLON. 

In  Brittany  every  place  has  still  its  associations  of  death  and  terror,  as 
if  the  period  of  the  Middle  Ages  was  still  prolonging  its  influence.  The 
Legend  of  King  Gradlon  and  his  daughter  Dahut  is  helieved  and  handed 
down  from  age  to  age.  The  story  is  similar  to  the  old  Welsh  Legend  of 
the  Bard  Telesin.  Vide  P.  Chevalier's  La  Bretagne  Ancienne  et  Modeme  ; 
also  Trollope's  *'  Summer  Tour  in  Brittany." 

FYTE  I. 

Showeth  how   Oradlon,  King  of  P*.  had  a  fair  daughter,  Dahut,  and  how  she 
gained  her  beauty  and  riches. 

The  sunlight  gilds  the  towers  of  Ys, 
The  towers  of  Ys  fling  o'er  the  sea 
The  lengthening  shades  of  mystery 

That  hid  farewell  to  day ; 
The  breezes  waft  the  distant  sigh 
Of  ever-varying  minstrelsy 

Attuned  to  am'rous  lay; 

But  woe  to  the  minstrels  of  Douarnenez, 
Douaruenez  laved  by  the  restless  sea. 
The  cry  of  its  wickedness  mounts  on  high, 
The  curse  of  its  wickedness  comes  full  nigh, 

Can  be  no  longed  stayed. 
Douarnenez's  Princess  is  fair  to  behold, 
Douarnenez's  Princess  has  treasures  untold, 
But  her  treasures  of  gold  and  her  beauty  so  fair 
Were  bought  by  the  Fiend  at  the  price  of  despair 

To  do  whatever  he  bade. 

FYTE  II. 

7%<f  Fiend  commandeth  Dahut  to  steal  the  golden  keg  of  the  Floodgates,  and  lei 
in  the  waters, — Hie  good  Owenolin  war  net  h  the  King, 

"  Go  !  seek,  Dahut,  the  golden  key. 
The  key  that  opes  the  floodgates  wide, 
That  key  no  mortal  saw  beside 

King  Gradlon,  you,  and  me." 
The  Fiend  hath  said,  "  Away !  Away  ! 
Let  flow  the  tide  on  Douarnenez, 

That  never  ebb  shall  see." 

King  Gradlon  feasts  in  his  palace  walls, 

Lifted  on  high  the  cup  of  gold, — 
But  hark  to  the  sound  of  the  distant  calls  : 
What  murmurs  strange  make  the  blood  run  cold  1 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  8  h 


478  The  Legend  of  King  Gradlon.  [Nov. 

The  guests  stand  pale  with  frighted  face,— 
"The  sea!"  "The  sea!"  breaks  forth  apace. 
No  mortal  strength  can  breast  a  space. 

The  water's  wild  career. 
Good  Gwenolin  hath  roused  the  King, 
Who  ne*er  till  then  saw  mortal  thing 

Could  make  him  bend  to  fear. 

"  Fly  I"  saith  the  sainted  Gwenolin, 

"  FJy  from  the  cursed  city's  sin. 

While  there's  a  moment's  grace  to  win,— 

The  sea  gives  nothing  back  1" 
"  Leave  not  thy  daughter  !"  Dahut  cried, 
**  Leave  me  not  to  stem  the  tide. 

Or  follow  in  thy  track. 

• 

"  The  weakest  of  thy  Arab  breed. 

Can  bear  a  burden  twice  as  great, 
Shall  bear  us  both,  with  rapid  speed. 

Beyond  the  water's  utmost  hate." 
"  0  man  of  God  I  what  shall  I  do  P 
My  soul  in  anguish  turns  to  you !" 

But  Gwenolin  had  fled. 
"  Haste,  father,  haste,  the  waters  rise, 
Wrathfully  they  seek  their  prize 
Within  a  watery  bed." 


FYTE  lU. 

Onward  speed  o'er  the  heavy  ground. 
The  dark  waves  follow  with  hungry  wail. 
The  wearied  steed  begins  to  fail, 

A  lighter  burden  craves. 
When  a  voice  was  heard  above  the  storm, 
"  'Tis  the  Fiend  that  takes  thy  daughter's  form. 

Cast  her  to  the  waves." 

Tho'  the  voice  he  heard  was  Gwenolin's  voice. 

The  saintly  guardian  of  Ids  race. 
He  lifted  her  twice,  he  lifted  her  thrice. 
But  he  turned  away  his  face 

That  dark  with  horror  gleam'd ; 
Thrice  he  heard,  but  failed  to  dare 
To  loose  the  form,  so  passing  fair 

His  daughter  Dahut  seem'd. 

But  a  shriek  was  heard  that  pierced  the  air, 
A  shriek  like  that  wlien  mortal  dread 

Has  lost  all  hope  in  deep  despair. — 
Yet  the  King  rides  on,  and  his  courser  sped. 


I860.]  Roman  and  Saxon  Remains  at  Lyminge,  479 

Like  an  arrow  from  bow,  with  liglifniug  stride. 
Dahut  is  not  there,  but  silently  ride 
Grudlon  and  Gwenolin  side  by  side. 

The  waves  have  claim'd  their  prey. 
]^ide,  cityless  Kingl  Ride,  homeless  Saint ! 
Thro'  the  livelong  night,  till  beaming  faint 

Ye  s|)y  the  break  of  day. 

But  never  again  shall  sunlight  beam 

Oil  the  towers  of  Ys,  as  erst  of  yore, 
For  the  tide  now  rolls  in  endless  stream 

V\  here  tide  ne'er  roll'd  before. 
And  oft,  when  the  storm- fiend  spreads  his  wing. 

And  the  winds  have  burst  their  chain, 
On  the  foaming  wave  lost  spirits  cling, 
To  seek  in  vain,  *mid  tempest  strife, 
The  spirit  they  had  known  in  life. 
In  the  city  of  the  King. 

Geldart  Ri adore,  M.A. 


ROMAN  AND  SAXON  REMAINS  AT  LYMINGE. 

The  Rev.  Robert  C.  Jenkins,  who  has  recently  printed  an  exceedingly  interesting 
"  Account  of  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  and  St.  Eadburg  in  Lyminge  •,"  near  Hythe  in 
Kent,  has  extended  the  researches  which  induced  him  to  publish  the  historical  docu- 
ments illustrative  of  the  ancient  edifice;  an  1  he  has  found  that  the  building  is  based 
upon  the  foundations  of  a  Roman  villa  of  considerable  extent;  these,  from  the  portions 
laid  open,  would  appear  to  extend  into  the  adjoining  meadow,  called  Court  Lodge 
Green,  which  is  covered  with  mounds  of  masonry,  probably  the  ruins  of  the  celebrated 
monastery  of  Lyminge,  which,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe,  stand  upon  the  remains 
of  Roman  buildings. 

Mr.  Jenkins  observes : — 

"  There  is  great  probability  that  a  Christian  church  existed  on  the  site  of  the  pre- 
sent l.'uilding  in  the  Roman  period.  The  direct  historical  cvi'lence  begins  with  the  life 
cf  t]»e  foundre  s  of  the  nunn^^ry,  or,  as  it  is  called  in  some  ancient  records,  the  'Minster* 
of  Lyminge;  and  carries  us  back  to  the  year  620,  about  which  time  JSthelburga,  the 
only  daufchtcr  of  ^thelbeiht  and  his  queen  ^Ethelburga,  or  Berctha,  was  converted  to 
Christianity,  probably  by  the  teaching  of  Laurentiis,  who  h»id  effected  the  conversion 
of  her  brother,  Kiitg  ^Eadbald.  At  the  close  o  th?  year  G33  she  obtained  from  her 
brother  the  grant  of  a  portion  of  the  park  and  ville  of  Lyiuiiige.  Horence  of  Wor- 
cester writes, '  Mona^terium  in  loco  qui  vocatur  Limeue  construxit  et  ibi  requiescit.'" 

Tiie  ancient  portions  of  the  church,  as  laid  open  under  Mr.  Jenkins's  direction,  clearly 
indicate  their  Saxon  origin.  They  are  almost  wholly  built  out  of  the  ruins  of  the 
Roman  villa;  the  semicircular-l)caded  windows,  which  are  externally  narrow,  are 
turned  in  the  interior  with  Roman  tiles;  and  a  small  triangular-headed  recess,  used 
probably  for  the  sacrament,  is  composed  entirely  of  these  tilt  s,  evidently  taken  from 
the  Roman  villa. 

*  London  and  Folkestone,  12mo.,  1859. 


480  [Nov. 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  CHllISTIiLN  ARCHITECTTJEE  IN  ITALY*. 

This  work  is  the  result  of  a  three  years'  tour  in  Italy  as  Travelling 
Bachelor  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  the  author  states  that  he 
was  nominated  to  that  office  by  Dr.  Whewell,  who  at  the  same  time  sug- 
gested to  him  that  architecture  would  be  an  interesting  subject  for  investi- 
gation during  his  tour.  This  was  excellent  advice,  and  both  the  author  and 
the  public  have  reason  to  be  thankful  for  it.  We  are,  however,  sur- 
prised at  the  statement  that  the  author  had  not  read  Professor  Willis's 
*'  Remarks  on  the  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages  in  Italy'*  before  he  made 
this  tour.  He  acknowledges  that  had  he  done  so  *'  a  great  amount  of 
labour  would  have  been  saved.'*  This  we  can  readily  believe,  and  his 
having  neglected  it  lessens  materially  the  value  of  his  book,  and  shakes  our 
confidence  in  his  judgment. 

We  should  almost  have  expected  that  Dr.  Whewell  would  have  insisted 
on  his  taking  that  book  with  him  in  his  portmanteau,  as  indispensable.  For 
a  young  man  to  set  out  on  a  three  years*  tour  to  study  the  architecture  of 
Italy,  and  omit  to  read  the  only  good  book  upon  the  subject,  is  like  a  work- 
man refusing  to  use  the  best  tools,  or  an  Alpine  traveller  declining  to  take 
an  alpenstock.  We  have  no  doubt  that  under  the  guidance  of  Professor 
Willis  his  ideas  would  have  been  enlarged,  and  his  book  proportionably 
more  valuable.  We  would  also  suggest  to  any  future  '*  Travelling  Bache- 
lor*' who  is  disposed  to  take  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  study  the 
architecture  of  any  foreign  country,  that  he  should  first  make  himself  well 
acquainted  with  that  of  his  own  country.  By  comparing  one  with  the 
other  he  will  far  better  understand  both.  Mr.  Okely  had,  however,  studied 
Rickman's  excellent  practical  book,  and  made  good  use  of  it ;  and  one  of 
liickman's  fundamental  maxims,  ^'  that  every  artifice  of  construction  must 
be  displayed,"  is  constantly  referred  to,  and  may  be  called  the  foundation 
of  this  book.  It  must,  however,  be  remembered  that  Mr.  Rickman's  book, 
excellent  as  it  is,  and  the  foundation  of  so  many  others,  was  written  fifty 
years  ago,  and  the  study  of  architecture  has  not  stood  still  during  the  last 
half  century.  Professor  Willis's  "  Architectural  History  of  Canterbury 
Cathedral"  opened  an  entirely  new  phase  of  the  study  ten  years  ago,  from 
which  many  have  also  profited,  and  of  which  Mr.  Okely  should  have  made 
himself  thoroughly  master :  had  he  done  so,  he  would  have  been  better 
able  to  distinguish  the  many  changes  and  silent  reconstructions  which  have 
taken  place  in  the  course  of  time  in  the  churches  of  Italy,  as  well  as  every- 

•  "  Development  of  Christian  Architecture  in  Italy.  By  W.  Sebastitin  Okely,  M.A., 
F.Cam.Ph.S.,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  late  TravelUug  B^helor  of  the  Univer- 
sity."   Koyal  8vo.,  228  pp.  and  16  PlaU:8.    (London:  Longmans.) 


I860.]      Development  of  Christian  Architecture  in  Italy,  481 

where  else,  and  would  not  have  cited  such  buildings  as  S.  Clementi  of 
Home  as  a  structure  of  the  fifth  or  sixth  century,  when  it  is  actually  of  the 
twelfth  or  thirteenth.  We  suppose  that  the  digging  out  of  the  side  aisle 
of  the  original  church  of  S.  Clementi  (fifteen  feet  below  the  level  of  the 
present  one)  has  taken  place  since  Mr.  Okely  was  at  Borne,  but  the  dig- 
gings in  the  Forum  and  other  parts  had  long  shewn  how  greatly  the 
level  of  the  soil  has  been  raised  over  the  whole  of  ancient  £rome ;  conse- 
quently all  those  churches  which  stand  upon  the  present  level  of  the  soil 
nnist  have  been  re- built  long  after  the  period  of  their  original  construction. 
The  facts,  also,  that  the  original  church  of  S.  Clementi  was  built  with 
fragments  of  the  antique,  that  antique  columns  are  still  in  their  places 
under  the  floor  of  the  present  church,  and  that  another  set  of  antique 
olumns  has  been  used  in  the  present  or  upper  church,  prove  the  almost 
inexhaustible  supply  of  these  old  materials,  and  that  it  was  by  no  means 
exhausted  at  so  early  a  period  as  Mr.  Okely  has  assumed. 

The  celebrated  Roman  basilicas,  it  is  well  known,  were  built  entirely  of 
fragments  of  the  antique,  made  out  and  supported  by  rough  brick  walls 
carefully  concealed.  Such  constructions  appear  to  us  hardly  to  deserve  the 
name  of  a  style  of  architecture  at  all,  and  the  same  marble  columns  and 
entablatures  may  have  been  used  again  and  agSln  as  circumstances  called 
for  the  enlargement  or  other  alterations  of  the  plan.  If  S.  Clementi, 
which  so  long  bore  the  name  of  the  oldest  church  in  Rome,  is  proved  to 
have  been  entirely  reconstructed  many  centuries  after  the  date  formerly 
assigned  to  it,  others  also  require  to  be  examined  with  more  careful  eyes 
than  Mr.  Okely  appears  to  have  brought  to  bear  upon  them.  That  sort 
of  critical  acumen  which  Professor  Willis  teaches  does  not  shew  itself  in 
Mr.  Okely's  book,  and  this  greatly  detracts  from  its  value,  and  shakes  our 
confidence  in  his  conclusions. 

But  although  young  eyes  are  not  always  better  than  old  ones,  that  have 
learnt  by  experience  where  to  look  for  those  joints  in  the  work  which  are 
the  best  guides  to  the  history  of  a  building,  still  the  observations  of  a  care- 
ful young  man  are  not  to  be  despised,  and  Mr.  Okely  appears  to  have  done 
his  work  very  carefully  and  thoroughly  as  far  as  his  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
ject enabled  him  to  do  so.  There  is  much  merit  in  his  book  ;  his  arrange- 
ment of  the  different  parts  and  succession  of  styles  appears  to  be  sensible 
and  judicious,  the  result  of  much  study  and  observation  of  a  large  number 
of  examples.  His  work  really  affords  materials  for  an  important  chapter  in 
the  history  of  architecture :  unfortunately,  it  is  not  well  worked  out,  and 
the  form  into  which  the  book  is  thrown  is  singularly  repulsive  to  the  or- 
dinary reader ;  it  is  more  like  a  mathematical  treatise  than  a  historical 
work :  we  suppose  that  this  arises  from  its  having  been  originally  written 
in  Latin  letters,  addressed  officially  to  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  and  the  mathematical  education  of  the  author  made  him  con- 
sider it  necessary  to  follow  this  form.     The  result  b  that  the  book  requu*es 


482  Development  of  Christian  Architecture  in  Italy.       [Nov. 

careful  study,  and  is  no  light  reading.  There  are  none  of  the  usual  helps 
and  guides  to  the  reader — no  index,  no  hst  of  examples,  no  description  of  the 
plates.  These  appear  to  be  very  carefully  drawn  and  well  selected,  but  they 
are  more  like  mathematical  diagrams  than  architectural  drawings.  There  are 
no  names  to  any  of  the  examples,  and  although  these  are  numbered^nd  most 
of  them  are  referred  to  from  the  text,  there  are  no  counter  references  from 
the  plates  to  the  text,  or  to  any  description  of  them.  After  some  hours' 
study  it  is  possible  to  find  the  names  of  the  greater  part  of  the  examples, 
but  there  remain  several  which  we  have  tried  in  vain  to  find.  For  instance, 
Fig.  1,  Plate  I. :  this  maybe  said  to  be  general,  and  to  apply  to  any  of  the 
basilicas,  consisting  merely  of  columns  and  horizontal  entablatures,  with 
a  clerestory  window  over  it,  but  the  window  is  peculiar,  and  is  very  sus- 
picious of  a  medieval  character,  and  it  would  be  far  more  satisfactory  to 
Lave  a  name  to  the  example.  Plate  VI.,  Figs.  4,  5,  6,  are  nowhere  re- 
ferred to  by  name,  so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  discover.  Plate  VII.  con- 
sists of  twenty-three  diagrams  of  the  plans  of  compound  piers,  and  of  these 
the  last  two  only  are  referred  to  by  name.  Plate  X.  contains  nine  eleva- 
tions, and  of  these  we  have  tried  in  vain  to  find  the  names  of  the  first  four. 
Plate  XIT.  contains  nine  towers,  of  which  No.  4  has  no  name  ;  and  the  same 
of  Plate  XIII.,  No.  6.  It  may  be  our  stupidity  which  has  not  enabled  us  to 
find  them,  after  carefully  reading  through  the  book  for  the  purpose,  pencil 
in  hand  ;  but  why  should  the  author  give  his  readers  all  this  needless 
trouble  ?  His  own  system  of  classification  may  be  the  best  possible,  but 
other  people  may  not  be  ready  to  take  this  for  granted  ;  his  drawings  may 
be  perfectly  accurate,  as  we  have  no  doubt  he  thinks  they  are,  but  they 
would  be  none  the  less  so  for  having  names  to  them,  and  it  is  not  wise  to 
call  upon  us  to  take  tilings  upon  trust,  when  it  is  perfectly  easy  to  give  the 
power  of  verifying  them  by  merely  adding  the  name. 

Notwithstanding  these  drawbacks  to  the  utility  of  his  volume,  Mr.  Okely 
has  done  good  service  by  his  zealous  labours,  and  we  trust  he  will  be  able 
to  remedy  these  blemishes  in  a  second  edition.  We  heartily  hope  that 
other  **  Travelling  Bachelors,"  and  other  students  of  our  Universities,  will 
follow  the  example  of  Mr.  Okely,  and  examine  the  architecture  of  different 
countries  with  the  same  care  ;  there  is  a  wide  field  open  for  researches  of 
great  interest  and  value.  But  let  each,  before  he  starts,  ground  himself 
well  in  the  principles  of  Hickman  and  of  Willis,  and  do  not  let  him  try  to 
distinguish  himself,  and  display  his  knowledge  of  Greek,  by  inventing  new 
terms,  such  as  *'  morphology"  or  "  morphologically.'*  Architectural  forms 
may  be  very  well  distinguished  without  the  help  of  such  new-fangled  terms, 
which  rather  confuse  than  assist  the  reader. 

We  have  scarcely  left  ourselves  room  for  extracts,  but  the  conclusion  at 
which  the  author  has  arrived,  after  his  three  years*  study  of  the  subject,  is  so 
just  and  true,  and  so  well  expressed,  that  we  cannot  refrain  from  quoting  it  :— 

"  The  conclusion  we  should  arrive  at,  therefore,  \b,  that  Christian  architecture  did 


I860.]      Development  of  Christian  Architecture  in  Italy.  483 

really  develope,  not  first  this  way  and  then  that,  as  if  through  the  capricious  ingenuity 
of  individuals,  hut  regularly  under  the  guidance  of  the  universal  principle,  *  That  every 
artifice  of  the  construction  must  be  disphiycd;'  which  came  into  operation  graduall}-> 
while  it  undermined  the  action  of  the  opposite  principle,  *  That  every  artifice  of  tha 
construction  must  be  concealed.'  Hence  we  cannot  coaceive  with  *  the  Ostrogoths'  on 
the  one  hand,  that  Gothic  architecture  was  an  Eastern  invention  imported  into  Europe, 
where  it  suddenly  and  entirely  displaced  the  Romanesque  styles;  nor  can  we,  on  the 
other  hand,  believe  with  an  eminent  architect,  however  flattering  the  thought  may 
be  to  an  Englishman,  that  Gothic  architecture  was  first  introduced  into  Italy  from  this 
country,  and  was  afterwards  imitated  by  the  Italians  in  a  manner  worthy  only  of  con- 
tempt. Nor  can  we  agree  with  the  assertion  which  has  been  frequently  made,  thafc 
although  in  England  we  are  able  to  distinguish  the  styles  of  architecture,  and  namo 
them  according  to  periods  of  time,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Alps  the  confusion  of  styles 
is  so  great  that  it  would  be  hopeless  to  reduce  them  to  anything  like  order. 

"  It  will,  perhaps,  be  said  that  a  view  equally  extreme  with  any  of  the  above  has 
been  taken  here,  and  that  we  have  made  Italy  alone  the  centre  of  all  progress  iu 
Christian  architecture.  We  must  explain,  therefore,  that  although  the  early  basilican 
churches  of  Rome  have  been  considered  as  the  nucleus  out  of  which  subsequent  Chris* 
tian  architecture  expanded,  yet  it  has  been  nowhere  asserted  that  in  after  ages  no  step 
was  taken  in  other  countries  towards  the  perfection  of  architecture,  without  following 
in  the  footsteps  of  the  Italian  architects. 

"  On  the  contrary,  we  have  supposed  that  architecture  developed  in  each  country  to 
a  great  extent  independently,  although  not  altogether  without  some  mutual  influences, 
from  whose  operation  Italy  itself  cannot  claim  exemption.  If  we  were  to  attempt 
a  treatment  of  the  architectures  of  France,  Spain,  Germany,  or  England,  similar  to 
that  which  has  been  adopted  here  of  Italian  architecture,  we 'should  probably  flnd  liko 
steps  in  their  development,  and  phases  determined  by  changes  which  were  the  products 
of  accidental  combinations,  corresponding  with  those  we  have  pointed  out  in  the  pre- 
ceding pages ;  only  with  certain  minor  differences,  whose  effect  was  not  to  warp  the 
direction  of  architectural  progress  under  the  action  of  the  fundamental  principle,  but 
simply  to  constitute  those  varieties  which  we  have  called  local.  It  is  conceived,  tht  re- 
fore,  that  the  minds  of  all  architects  in  different  places  and  at  different  epochs  were 
subject  to  a  general  law  which  they,  perhaps  unconsciously,  obeyed  while  they  exerted 
the  freedom  of  their  wills  and  the  ingenuity  of  their  intellects;  and  that,  notwith- 
standing this  law,  the  peculiarities  of  different  races,  or  of  the  peoples  of  different 
countries,  shewed  themselves  in  certain  effects  discernible  in  their  architectural  pro- 
ductions; and  further,  that  even  provinces  and  cities  possess  buildings  with  features 
purely  local ;  and  still  further,  that  the  character  of  the  individual  architect  has  been 
to  some  extent  impressed  upon  his  works.  And  yet,  while  we  cUsoem  these  peculi- 
arities, we  can  at  the  same  time  perceive  the  mutual  influences  of  country  upon 
country,  province  upon  province,  city  upon  city,  and  even  of  particular  buildings 
upon  others. 

Among  the  influences  of  country  upon  country,  the  introduction  of  the  pointed  arch 
is  said  to  be  one ;  and  it  is  a  conunon  opinion  that  it  was  brought  from  the  East  during 
the  twelfth  or  thirteenth  century.  This  cannot,  however,  be  admitted,  since,  as  has 
been  already  said,  this  form  of  arch  is  found  among  the  Etruscan  ruins,  and,  moreover, 
it  probably  existed  here  and  there  even  in  Christian  chiurches  considerably  earlier  than 
the  twelfth  century.  It  is  true,  however,  that  its  Eastern  luxuriance  began  before  it 
became  generally  introduced  into  Italy ;  so  far,  therefore,  we  muy  consider  that  Italy, 
as  well  as  other  countries  of  the  West,  followed  the  example  stt  in  the  East."— 
(pp.  193—196.) 


481  [Nov. 


#i'tgtnal   ISocumcittiei* 


The  following  three  letters,  preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  are  from 
James  Pilkington,  bishop  of  Durham,  to  Sir  William  Cecil.  The  first  is 
dated  soon  after  his  consecration,  and  is  about  equally  divided  between  ap- 
plications for  thirty  barrels  of  salmon  to  meet  the  hospitality  expected  from 
him  on  taking  possession  of  his  see,  and  lamentations  over  the  state  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  where  he  had  been  Master  of  St.  John's  College. 
The  others  entirely  relate  to  the  state  of  his  diocese,  and  they  give  a 
curious,  though  very  unfavourable  picture  of  its  condition.  He  professes 
that  his  troubles  have  in  the  course  of  a  few  months  deprived  him  of  what 
little  wit  he  had  at  his  coming,  he  knows  not  whether  he  or  his  people  dis- 
like each  other  the  most,  and  if  they  were  well  ruled  (by  which  he  says  he 
means  "  by  a  great  power,  and  of  him  whom  they  fear"),  he  should  be 
happy  to  be  a  sizar  of  his  old  college  again. 

JAMES  BISHOP  OF  DURHAM  TO  SIR  WM.  CECILL. 

No.  I.—Datbd  May  22,  1561. 

Gratia  et  pax.  Now  shall  mi  gretest  and  most  urgent  sutes  be  almost  att 
ende  (I  thank  your  Honor  for  your  diligens  and  furtberans  therein.)  Within  few 
dales,  Godd  willing,  I  will  repaire  homeward.  And  wheras  your  Honor  in  mi  last 
warrant  bais  nipped  me  so  nere  in  reserving  the  wards  to  the  Queues  use,  itt  will 
make  a  grete  grudge  in  the  couutre  for  loosing  thatt  liberti,  and  your  officers  inter- 
medling  will  ever  be  encrocbing  on  me,  to  mi  cost  and  disquietnes.  Furthermore, 
where  those  profettes  are  counted  as  parte  of  the  valour  of  the  holle  Bishopric,  I 
shall  pai  first  frutes  and  tenthes  for  thatt  which  I  enjoie  nott,  as  I  doe  for  Durram 
Place  afore.  Therfor  if  itt  shall  please  your  Honor  to  procure  me  in  recompense 
of  these  losses,  a  warrant  from  the  Quenes  Ma"  thatt  I  mai  receve  of  the  Fermer 
of  Norham  Castell  30  barels  of  salmon,  which  mi  predecessor  reserved  for  provision 
of  his  howsc,  beside  the  rent  of  £120,  the  Queue  shall  have  full  her  customable 
rent  of  the  Fermer,  mi  provision  shall  be  moch  better,  and  as  ever  I  shall  think 
miselfe  most  bounden  to  your  Honor.  If  I  have  theim  nott,  thei  will  never  be 
answered  to  the  Quenes  use,  and  there  is  such  a  expectation  of  howse  keping,  that 
itt  makes  me  afraid  to  think  on  itt,  seing  I  am  so  unhable  to  performe  itt.  For 
Cambridge  I  beseche  your  Honor  have  such  a  care  that  good  heades  mai  be  placed, 
and  the  cvill  removed :  for  some  be  such  thatt  I  can  nott  tell  whither  thei  doe  lesse 
harme  being  absent  or  present,  and  none  or  veri  few  doe  ani  gudd.  Mi  hert  bledes 
to  think  on  S.  Joas.  I  brought  in  halfe  a  score  with  me  to  itt,  and  thei  are  as 
read!  to  leave  itt  as  I.  2  be  with  mi  Lord  Keper,  2  wold  goe  with  me,  2  be  gone 
to  others,  and  the  rest  that  have  honesti  or  lerning  be  readi  to  flie.  There  is  never 
a  prechcr  in  the  howsc  except  one,  and  I  see  no  hope  of  ani  to  folow.  Thei  see  so 
litell  hope  of  ani  gudd  to  come,  thatt  thei  be  discoraged.  Itt  is  more  profitable 
and  cumfortable  both  for  mi  brother  and  me  to  be  together,  butt  thatt  litell 
4 


I860,]  Bishop  Pilkington's  Letters,  485 

honesti  thatt  is  in  the  liowse  does  so  muck  desire  him,  thatt  if  itt  mai  nott  be  done, 
tliei  will  me  to  k«pe  itt  for  a  time.  To  continue  the  keping  of  itt  I  will  nott,  and 
he  seing  so  litell  studie  and  sobriete  in  the  aunciest  which  shuld  be  best,  hais  litell 
plesure  or  desire  to  itt,  nor  I  will  nott  thcrto  move  him :  jett  bicawse  the  younger 
sort  in  time  with  gudd  governement  mai  growe  to  some  leming  and  honesti,  if  itt 
shall  seme  gudd  to  your  wisdom  to  kepe  outt  a  worse  for  a  time,  he  wold  doe  his 
tliligens.  The  stipend  is  butt  £12,  so  thatt  who  so  ever  have  itt,  he  tnust  have 
other  livings  beside.  The  mater  mai  be  so  ordered,  thatt  going  or  coming  he  mai 
be  the  halfe  att  the  College  and  the  rest  att  his  cure.  As  I  ever  misliked  theim 
thatt  lie  continualli  from  their  charge,  so  I  doe  still,  and  write  nott  this  to  be  ani 
suter  further  than  your  Wisdom  thiuke  gudd  therein,  butt  onli  to  putt  your  Honor 
in  remembrans,  among  your  otlier  weighti  affaires,  thatt  the  Uuiversite  decai  nott 
€0  pitefulli  in  your  tyme,  to  your  dishonor.  Itt  is  nott  the  lest  part  of  your  charge, 
althogh  itt  be  lest  profitable.  Butt  mi  other  sate  for  salmons  I  beseche  you  ferther 
itt,  scing  itt  is  nott  hurtful  to  the  Queue.  The  living  Godd  preserve  you  long  to 
serve  Him  to  the  furtherans  of  his  glorL 

Yours  Ja.  Dureshe. 

To  the  honorable  and  his  speelall  freind  Sir  William  Cicill,  Secretarie  to  the 
Queues  Ma***. 

No.  n. — Dated  October  13,  1561. 

Gracia  ct  pax.  Paulus  cum  bcstijs  pugnavit  Ephesi,  ego  hie  imperium  habeo 
in  belluas  utinam  cum  Paulo  vincam  {Corinth.  15.)  The  more  I  trie  the  more 
^refes  I  finde.  Godd  be  mercifuU  to  us.  Here  is  a  double  jurisdiction,  and  whi- 
ther is  more  troublesome,  I  well  knowc  not.  Oneli  I  wrastel  sub  spe  contra  spem, 
as  Abraham  did.  Mr.  Fletewode  surcli  hais  done  gudd  service  here  for  the  time : 
iff  1  might  have  such  a  helper,  I  wolde  not  dowte  bi  Grod's  help  to  conquer  mani 
tjjings.  Iff  it  please  your  Honor  to  understand  the  state  of  the  cuntre,  he  can 
certifie  you  at  full ;  in  writing,  possible  it  were  I  shulde  touche  those  things, 
which  your  Honor  wold  not  most  gladli  understand.  But  in  mi  judgement  this 
I  see,  that  here  nedes  rather  authorite  and  power  to  be  given  than  taken  awai. 
Thei  understand  the  taking  awai  of  the  Bishop's  living,  wherebi  kis  power  is  the 
lessc,  and  so  lessc  is  he  regardet.  The  Erie  of  Westmerland  lies  not  here  ;  the 
Lord  Ewri  is  of  no  grete  power ;  the  Bisshop  is  not  able  as  he  is  wunte :  who  is 
there  than  to  be  afraid  of  ?  I  am  affraid  to  think  what  mai  folou,  if  it  be  not 
foresene.  The  worshipful  of  the  shire  is  few  and  of  smal  power ;  the  peo))le  rude 
and  heddi,  and  bi  these  occasions  more  bold.  I  can  not  finde  10  able  Justices  of 
Peaces,  of  wisdom  and  authorite  of  nather  religion.  The  weake  state  of  this 
cuutrc  therfor  bi  this,  your  wisdom  mai  better  consider.  If  Mr.  Menel  and  other, 
refusing  the  othe  of  their  allegeance,  mai  be  on  the  Councei  [of  the  North]  in 
authorite  still,  and  have  their  doings  for  gudd,  it  will  encoragc  other  to  the  like 
or  wurs.  I  am  not  much  skilled  in  politic  miselfe,  and  am  not  able  to  kepe  aboute 
me  mani  such  as  be,  nauther  in  peace  nor  warre ;  therfor  gudd  service  must  nedes 
faile,  thogh  mi  will  were  never  so  gudd.  1  beseche  your  Honor  lett  me  have  the 
favor  in  finding  these  offices  of  Wardes  that  mai  be ;  for  it  shuld  gett  me  moe 
freiuds  in  the  cuntre.  1  understand  that  certain  which  felle  afore  mi  predecessor's 
death,  bi  law  mai  be  turned  to  me,  bi  your  gudd  gentill  help  and  favor.  There  is 
a  Bridge  called  Oroftes  Bridge  betwix  this  cuntre  and  Kichmundshire,  so  decaied 
that  it  is  not  like  to  stande  all  winter.  Grete  suromes  of  monei  were  gethered  long 
H  goc  for  the  repairing  it.  A  litell  was  bestowed,  but  the  grete  part  remanes  in 
Geut.  MAa.  Vol.  CCIX.  3  m 


486  Original  Documents.  [Nov. 

menncs  handes,  and  the  Bridge  not  regardet.  If  it  fall  there  is  no  passage  pos- 
sible, what  nede  so  ever  be.  Bi  commission  it  were  sone  tried  what  was  bestowed 
and  what  remanes.     I  beseche  you  think  on  it. 

I  can  not  tell  whither  menne  mervail  more,  to  see  a  poore  or  preching  Bisshop 
here ;  and  the  outward  pompe  and  power  taken  awai,  makes  theim  much  bolder. 
I  trust  your  Honor  hais  disburdened  me  of  S.  Joas  afore  this.  Godd  grant  theim 
a  gudd  one.  Mi  brother  Leonard's  benefice  here  lies  so  nere  the  theves,  having 
not  a  hedge  betwix  him  and  Tinedale,  that  none  dare  lie  there  almost,  and  in 
winter  specialli.  It  is  pite  to  here  the  evill  report  of  misusing  the  provision  of 
vitunls  at  Berwic  for  the  sowdiors.  If  ye  enquire  of  other  that  will  freli  speke  as 
thei  doe  here  (for  I  wold  not  utter  that  I  here),  ye  will  think  all  is  not  well.  I  be- 
seche your  Honor  anther  stai  the  chaungc  of  Holden,  or  els  that  it  mai  be  with 
lest  losse  possible.  I  am  willed  ones  again  to  send  upp  the  processe  that  came 
from  your  CJourt  of  Wardes,  unsyned,  bicause  the  direction  semes  to  empeche 
some  liberties,  as  thei  think  here,  being  directed  to  the  ShirefiT  and  not  to  mc. 
Thei  trust  your  Honor  will  not  be  offendet,  bicause  the  Shireff  hais  no  attomei 
tliere,  and  3  of  the  parties  are  come  upp  to  answer  theimselves,  and  the  Ladie 
Hilton  and  Bullen  her  husband  be,  and  have  bene,  prisoners  long  in  London,  and 
there  mai  be  founde  at  your  pleasure.  I  have  hadd  private  conferens  with  the 
Erie  of  Westmerland  for  his  marriage  [with  his  wife's  sister] :  he  has  declared  bis 
autors  and  counsellors.  I  have  said  something  to  the  contrari,  but  1  hadd  rather 
other  taenne  shuld  be  judges  openli,  lest  he  shuld  think  me  an  evil  neighbor ; 
and  where  yet  we  agre  well,  peravcnture  afterward  he  might  chaunge.  Thus  fox 
this  time  I  bidde  you  farewell,  and  daili  in  mi  praiers  commend  your  estate 
to  God's  holi  tuition,  that  ye  mai  serve  the  realme  to  God's  glorie.  If  I  mai  doe 
you  pleasure  you  mai  worthili  command, 

Yours  assured  in  the  Lord, 

Ja.    AvV€\/JL€V, 

To  the  honorable  Sir  William  Cicil,  Chefe  Secretari  to  the  Queues  Majcstie. 

No.  III.— Bated  November  14,  1561. 

Gratia,  et  pax.  Most  honorable,  I  received  letters  from  Mr.  Sacvile  wherin 
he  willes  to  know  mi  estate  in  Howden,  and  the  clere  valor  therof,  making  mention 
of  the  sute  of  Sir  Francis  Jopson.  I  have  answerd  to  the  effect  that  I  djd  afore 
to  your  Honor.  I  will  not  sai  much  in  it,  bicause  I  will  not  seme  to  seke  mine 
owne  profet  oneli,  butt  for  the  state  of  the  cuntri,  that  it  mai  be  well  governed,  I 
shall  sai  ferther  as  I  beganne  in  mi  last  letters  unto  your  Honor,  and  leave  it  fcr- 
ther  to  your  wisdom  to  consider.  For  the  nature  of  the  people,  I  wolde  not  have 
thoght  there  hadd  bene  so  froward  a  generation  in  this  reame.  I  doe  not  see  that 
thei  will  be  ruled  without  a  grete  power  and  of  him  whom  thei  feare.  Thei  see 
how  smull  the  Bishop's  power  is,  and  therfor  thei  contemne  it.  I  am  growen  into 
such  displeasure  with  theim,  part  for  religion  and  part  for  ministring  the  othe  of 
the  Queues  Superiorite,  that  I  know  not  whither  thei  like  me  wurs,  or  I  theim. 
So  gret  dissembling,  so  poisonfull  tonges  and  malicious  mindes  I  have  not  sene. 
Sergeant  Mcncl,  (and  others  whose  names  be  returned  to  my  Lord  Keper,)  that 
refused  to  swere  their  allegeance  to  the  Queues  Highnes,  remaning  on  the  Cbonsel 
at  Yorke,  and  such  grete  authorites,  makes  mani  to  think  evil  of  mi  doings,  bi- 
cause I  will  not  suffer  him  to  rule  here  as  he  hais  done.  I  have  not  herd  wurs 
reports  of  a  manne  than  of  him,  that  toke  lease  paincs  for  so  grete  profets,  and  yet 
thei  that  be  like  him  and  his  freinds,  be  sore  offendet  that  he  mid  not  here  out 


18G0.]  Bishop  Pilkinff ton's  Letters.  487 

fhciin  and  thci  him,  as  tlioi  be  wontc.  I  am  moch  destitute  of  gudd  ofRccrs,  and 
specialli  a  lawer,  and  can  get  none,  bicause  the  fees  are  small.  I  am  not  able  to 
cncrcse  theim,  and  the  commodities  that  ffiuld  otherwise  help  to  recompense  their 
paines,  are  gone  and  dclt  among  theim.  I  miselfe  am  unskilful,  and  therfor  must 
thinges  nede  be  out  of  order.  The  temporal  jurisdiction  is  mi  chefe  trouble;  the 
Chaunceller's  fee  (that  served  both  in  ecclesiasticall  and  temporall  causes)  is  but  40 
marcs.  All  tholficcrs*  fees  of  the  Cliaunceri  be  but  £14.  The  Shireffe's  fee  £20. 
Yet  all  Chauncellers  were  promoted  to  £100  at  the  lest.  Sergeant  Menel  with  his 
£14  purchased  £MJO  landc.  The  Shireffe  now  having  no  lande,  hais  so  mani  fermcs 
of  the  Bisshop  that  he  is  the  welthiest  in  the  eutre  and  rules  all  Mi  ecclesiastical 
Chaunceller  is  a  poorc  scholer.  For  the  temporal  Cliaunceller  I  have  entreated 
'Mr.  Deaue  for  a  time.  Mi  attornie  in  the  Chauncerie  Mr.  Laiton,  one  of  Graies 
Jnne,  if  jour  Honour  remember  him.  The  Shirefe  having  all  he  lokes  for,  I  think 
will  not  long  continue  in  it,  and  all  commodites  being  gone,  I  know  none  that  will 
of  frendship  doe  ani  thing  in  ani  of  these,  the  troubles  being  so  grete,  the  complaints 
so  mani,  the  rude  importunite  of  the  peple  so  incredible,  mi  cxpericns  so  unliable 
to  determine  theim,  that  the  grefes  and  cares  of  theim,  where  I  hadde  a  litell  witte 
at  my  coming,  now  have  left  me  almost  none.  I  speke  these  for  this  purpose,  that 
the  cuntre,  rather  than  I,  shuld  be  considered.  If  the  pcple  were  well  ruled,  I 
wold  I  were  Siser  in  S.  Joas.  The  Queue  does  not  take  awai  so  faste,  but  everi 
one  here  goes  about  to  encroche  on  me  and  make  a  hande  for  theimselves,  thinking 
all  will  awai,  and  I  see  no  remcdi  but  I  must  anther  trie  the  lawe  with  divers  of 
the  mightiest,  or  else  lose  a  grete  portion  of  mi  right.  How  so  ever  it  will  prove 
in  the  ende,  and  sureli  the  law  here  is  endet  as  a  name  is  freindet.  I  beseche  your 
J  lonor  consider  the  nakednes  of  this  cuntre  of  gudd  governers,  and  put  to  your 
htjl])ing  hande  in  time.  Mi  dutie  compels  me  to  sai  thus  muche.  I  beseche  your 
Honor  lett  me  have  your  favorable  helpe  for  such  Wardes  as  be  due  unto  me.  If 
I  might  have  the  holle  number  of  theim,  I  wold  have  a  schole  master  for  theim  in 
my  liowse,  and  teche  theim  some  thing  to  know  Godd.  I  am  the  boulder  to  trouble 
your  Honor  with  mani  words  bicause  the  mater  is  weigliti,  commen,  and  not  private. 
The  Lord  for  his  merci  sake  preserve  you  long  in  honor  to  the  lucki  finishing  of 
that  that  ye  have  godli  bcgunne. 

Yours  Ja.    BvV€\fJL€V. 

The  last  dai  of  mi  visitation  a  young  preist  being  called  with  his  church  wardens 
to  take  his  othe,  as  the  rest,  to  present  such  fautes  as  were  amisse  acording  to  the 
Queues  injunctions,  refused  to  swere,  bicause  he  said  those  injunctions  hang  on  a 
farther  authorite,  which  he  cold  not  alow.  This  he  spake  openli  afore  all  the  peple, 
rcjoising  much  at  his  owne  doings.  After  in  communication  afore  a  grete  number, 
he  said  he  thought  that  nauther  temporal  mannc  nor  woman  cold  have  power  in 
spirituall  maters,  but  o  leli  the  Pope  of  Ilome.  This  boldnes  the  peple  growe  into, 
bicause  thei  see  that  such  as  refuse  to  acknowlege  their  due  allegians,  escape  not 
oueli  punishment,  butt  are  hadd  in  autoritc  and  estimation.  I  can  not  tell  whither 
the  cuntre  will  indite  him,  or  no :  that  parte.  In  doing  my  dutie  I  forgete  my  dutie 
to  t  rouble  your  Honor  so  long ;  but  sureli  these  things  in  mi  opinion  wold  not  be 
light  li  overpassed.  Yet  ones  again  I  take  mi  leave,  and  commend  your  Honor  to 
the  Almightie,  who  ever  blesse  your  doings. 

Yours  assured  in  the  Lord  to  command 

Ja.  Bvv€\/jl€p. 

To  the  right  Honorable  Sir  William  Cicil,  these,  Secretari  to  the  Quenes 
Ma»''. 


488 


[Not. 


^nttqunrtau  anH  Utterarg  IFntelHjsettrrn 


[^CorreJfpondents  (tre  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  offreectble,  fbr 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Qentlekan's  MAGAZDni  eonUnning 
their  Communications  may  he  forwarded  to  them.'\ 


CAMBRIAN  ARCH^OLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


This  Society  held  its  fonrteenth  annual 
meeting,  from  the  27ih  of  Angnst  to  the 
1st  of  September  last,  at  Bangor,  in  Car- 
narvonshire. The  merits  of  this  locahty 
as  a  place  of  assemblage  are  sufficiently 
obvious  to  all  acquainted  with  the  district : 
but  to  those  who  are  not  it  is  well  to  men- 
tion that  British,  Roman,  and  mediaeval 
castellated  antiquities  abound  there>  and 
are  of  more  than  ordinary  value,  on  ac- 
count of  the  historic  fact»  connected  with 
many  of  them.  With  regard  to  the 
British  and  Roman,  it  is  sufficient  to  say, 
that  a  few  miles  west  of  Bangor  Agrioola 
with  his  legionaries  crossed  the  Menai 
Strait  into  Mona,  and  that  Tacitus  still 
forms  the  best  local  guide  when  any  mo- 
dem inquirer  visits  the  spot.  Near  to  this 
stands  Segontium,  now  Carnarvon,  the 
Roman  capital  of  that  part  of  Britannia 
Secunda,  and  Roman  roads  are  traceable 
across  the  district  in  various  directions. 
Cromlechs, erect  stones,  tumuli,  camps,  &c., 
of  the  early  British  period  abound  here. 
Some  of  the  earliest  Romano  •  British 
Christian  inscriptions  exist  here.  On  Pcn- 
maenmawr  alone  tliere  is  quite  a  reposi- 
tory of  British  remains,  from  the  camp  to 
the  circle  and  the  lonely  cistfaen  or  stone 
chest  of  the  chieftain's  burial.  Holyhead, 
too,  with  its  Romano-British  wall,  and  its 
early  British  remains,  is  another  interest- 
ing spot  for  the  lover  of  Welsh  antiqui- 
ties ;  while  the  long  line  of  the  Snowdo- 
nian  chain,  the  mediaeval  forest  of  Snow- 
don,  is  full  of  all  kinds  of  remains,  and  of 
all  periods.  In  fact,  no  part  of  WmIcs  pre- 
sents more  vivid  attractions  to  the  anti- 
quary than  the  county  of  Carnarvon.  Three 
EdwardiaA  castles  in  the  immediate  vici- 


nity of  Bangor  need  only  to  be  mentioiMMl 
to  excite  the  attention  of  every  one, — 
Carnarvon,  Conway,  and  Beaumaris.  Th» 
walleii  towns  of  Carnarvon  and  Conway, 
still  perfect,  are  rare  examples  of  thir- 
teeuth-century  architecture.  The  cathe* 
dral  of  Bangor  is  but  small  and  of  poor 
effect.  The  record  of  it»  early  eondition 
has  been  almost  entirely  lost,  from  ita 
having  been  burnt  by  0?ren  Glyndwr^ 
but  thougli  the  churches  generally  of  this 
district  have  no  very  striking  architectoral 
beauties,  still  the  ecclesiologist  will  find 
much  to  iuterest  him  among  them,  and 
various  points  of  architectural  history 
receive  remarkable  elucidation  from  their 
fonts  and  other  details.  The  priory  of 
Penmon,  however,  situated  in  one  of  the 
loveliest  spots  of  Wales,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Menid  Strait,  and  in  f^\  view  of 
the  great  range  of  moontains,  is  alone 
sufficient  to  put  the  most  croH-grained 
archaeologist  in  good  hnmoor, — ^we  had 
almost  said  in  raptures, — should  ha  be 
tempted  to  visit  it. 

So  much  for  the  choice  of  the  locality. 
The  President  of  the  Association,  who^  ac- 
cording to  its  cuitom,  is  inaugurated  for 
the  year  at  these  meetings,  was  C.  Q« 
Wtitnb,  Esq.,  M.  p.,  representative  in  Par- 
liament of  the  Carnarvonshire  boroogha ; 
and  at  the  head  of  the  Local  CoBBiittee 
stood  the  Bishop  of  Bangor;  SirR.  Bnlke- 
ley,  M.P.,  and  Lord-Lieutenant  of  the 
county ;  and  the  Hon.  CoL  Douglas  Pia- 
nant,  M.P.  for  Carnarvonshire.  Many 
gentry  and  clergy  came  forward  on  this 
occasion.  We  observed  the  names  of  all 
the  leading  people  of  the  district  on  the 
list  of  the  Local  Oommittee^  and  a  gvMil 


I860.] 


Cambrian  ArcJuBological  Association. 


489 


number  of  the  principal  families  of  Car- 
narvonshire and  Anglesey  attended  the 
excm^ions  and  evening  meetings.  In  the 
town,  besides  the  remarkable  local  mu- 
seum of  the  place, — not  so  well  known  as 
it  deserves, — the  Association  formed,  as 
usual,  a  temporary  museum  of  early  and 
mediaeval  antiquities.  This  collection, 
though  not  large,  contained  some  remark- 
ably interesting  objects,  and  was  well  sup- 
plied with  coins,  &c.,  from  the  Carnarvon 
Museum  ;  with  fine  early  British  remains, 
and  with  curious  ceries  of  early  British 
inscriptions,  &c.,  either  drawn  or  rubl>ed. 
The  Wekh  Oghams  were  not  forgotten  on 
this  occasion,  and  we  observed  on  the 
tables  a  complete  collection  of  Welsh  seals 
of  all  dates,  supplied  by  Mr.  Ready,  the 
sigillarist,  to  the  Carnarvon  Museum. 

We  also  noticed  a  fine  set  of  casts  of 
early  British  and  Gallic  coins,  as  well  as  a 
considenible  number  of  original^;  and  a 
good  collection  of  Saxon  pennies.  Bronze 
celts  from  Brittany,  of  unusual  forms, 
highly  finished,  wore  also  exhibited  j  and 
by  their  side  were  many  stone  implements 
of  various  kintis,  some  of  them  very  large, 
from  North  Wales.  One  member  con- 
tributed a  series  of  querns,  from  the 
simplest  and  rudest  rubbing  stones  to 
others  ornamented  with  scrolls,  apparently 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  Although  not 
l)oaring  upon  Welsh  antiquities,  there 
V  ere  placed  in  the  Museum  some  splendid 
Simnish  arms, — rapiers,  swords  of  state, 
axes,  maces,  cross-bows,  (Sec.,  brought  over 
direct  from  the  Peninsula.  Among  these, 
a  headsman's  axe,  of  rude  form  and  work- 
manship, with  a  handle  four  feet  long, 
vfixs  very  remarkable.  There  was  also  an 
cxijuisite  jewel  casket,  probably  of  the 
sixtet^nth  century,  made  of  polished  brass, 
overlaid  with  blue  steel  scrollwork,  of  the 
most  admirable  design  and  finish.  The  lid 
of  the  box  was  covered  all  over  inside  with 
the  open  mechanism  of  the  lock,  shooting 
twenty  bolts  from  one  and  the  same  key- 
hole, all  round  the  edges  of  the  lid. 

Bangor  is  at  present  deficient  in  public 
rooms  for  meetings  of  this  kind,  though, 
when  the  new  Town  •  hall  is  built,  this 
will  not  be  the  case.  On  this  occasion, 
therefore,  the  Assoc'ation  met  within  the 


walls  of  the  National  School,  a  large,  com- 
modious room  of  the  good  old-fashioned 
kind,  and  found  it  more  convenient  than 
had  been  anticipated.  The  weather, 
though  not  bright,  was  favourable :  very 
little  rain  incommoded  the  members,  and, 
in  fact,  the  absence  of  heat  was  rather  in 
favour  of  hardworking  excursionists  than 
otherwise. 

It  is  the  custom  of  the  Cambrian  ar- 
chsBologists  to  meet  at  the  beginning  of  a 
week,  on  the  Monday  evening ;  to  mako 
excursions  daring  four  successive  days; 
to  assemble  each  evening  for  papers  and 
discussions;  and  to  separate  on  the  Sa- 
turday. By  this  plan  the  principal  local 
antiquities  get  well  examined;  they  are 
commented  upon  each  evening  while  im- 
pressions are  vivid;  local  knowledge 
is  brought  to  bear  upon  them;  and, 
what  is  of  great  importance,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  localities  are  taught  to  open 
their  eyes  to  the  riches  around  them, 
and  to  take  steps  for  their  preservation. 
A  most  gratifying  instance  of  good  ef- 
fected in  this  manner  occurred  during  the 
meeting,  and  may  be  mentioned  here.  A 
tumulus,  near  Llanfachraeth,  in  Anglesey, 
supposed  to  contain'the  cistfaen,  or  coffin, 
of  the  British  princess  Bronwen,  (it  was 
opened  many  years  ago  and  a  female  body 
found,)  was  in  danger  of  obliteration  from 
the  tenant,  who  was  going  to  plough  the 
field  where  it  stood.  On  the  local  secre- 
tary of  the  Association,  the  Rev.  W.  Wynn 
Williams,  mentioning  the  subject  to  the 
owner  of  the  land,  Mr.  Davies,  of  the 
Menai  Bridge,  that  gentleman  immedi- 
ately perceived  the  value  of  this  historic 
monument,  and  gave  orders  for  at  once 
preserving  it,  and  surrounding  it  with  a 
wall.  Another  instance,  occurring  at  the 
same  time,  was  the  preservation  from  de- 
struction of  an  early  British  circle  .  of 
stones  on  the  mountain  above  Tremadoc. 
The  steward  of  the  estate  had  ordered  it 
to  be  destroyed,  in  order  to  let  a  tram- 
road  from  a  slate-quarry  pass  through  it 
(just  as  if  it  could  not  have  been  di- 
verted a  few  yards !)  but  on  Mr.  Wynne, 
Peniartb,  formerly  President  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, healing  of  it  at  Bangor,  that  gen- 
tleman, as  trustee  of  the  estate,  instantly 


490 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer^ 


[Nov. 


igsnecl  orders  to  stop  this  act  of  stupid  van- 
dalism. These  are  instances  of  the  good 
that  may  be  effected  by  the  thorough  exa- 
mination of  local  antiquities  by  Associations 
such  as  this. 

Monday. 

On  the  first  evening,  the  Prrsident, 
Mr.  C.  G.  Wynne,  opened  the  proceed- 
ings with  a  very  elotjuent  address.  This 
document  is  so  much  distinguished  from 
the  ordinary  run  of  presidential  addresses, 
that  we  extract  from  it^  several  passages. 
It  will  be  found  printed  in  the  official 
report  of  the  meeting  published  by  the 
Society,  and  we  really  think  it  worth  re- 
printing and  distributing  widely  through- 
out Wales. 

After  some  remarks  on  archseology  in 
general,  the  speaker  called  attention  to 
the  various  objects  of  historic  interest 
around  the  place  of  meeting.     He  said — 

"  Here,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Snowdon,  on  the  banks  of  the  Menai, 
and  of*  M'»na,  the  mother  of  Wales,'  (as 
it  is  called  by  old  writers,)  we  are  sur- 
rounded by  objects  interesting  to  the  his- 
torian and  to  the  antiquary.  Unfortu- 
nately, the  interests  and  scenes  of  our  na- 
tional annals  are  those  connected  with  the 
worst  passions  of  our  nature,  and  exhibit 
the  familiarity  of  our  ancestors  with  deeds 
of  rapine  and  bloodshed,  rather  than  with 
the  arts  of  peace.  They  contain  no  records 
of  commercial  enterprise ;  they  do  not  t<.'ll 
us  what  commodities  were  sold  or  bartered ; 
what  harbours  were  noted  for  the  peaceful 
occupations  of  trade;  or  what  chiefs  were 
famed  for  the  sciences  and  pursuits  which 
elevate  and  advance  humanity.  Our  atten- 
tion is  confined — exwpt  when  drawn  to  our 
ancient  ecclesiastical  editices — to  cjistles, 
forts,  earthworks  for  defence  or  defiiince ; 
scenes  of  conflict  with  invaders,  Koman, 
S>ixtm,  Norman,  and  quite  as  frequently 
between  the  natives  tlu'mselves.  These 
furnish  well-nigh  the  whole  materials  of 
We'sh  history.  Archaiology  helps  us  to 
realize,  with  the  ful'est  force  of  contrast, 
the  different  state  of  society  which  pre- 
vailed in  those  barbarous  and  lawless  ages 
from  that  under  which  we  have  the  hap- 
piness to  live.  Archeology,  as  a  means 
of  discovering,  elucidatimr,  and  preserving 
ancient  objects,  and  implements  of  arts, 
commerce,  or  manufactories,  furnishes 
ocular  demonstration  of  the  gradual  pro- 
grc>ss  of  nations,  and  the  inikruments  by 
which  it  was  effected.    Things  are  great 


or  small,  good,  bad,  or  indifferent,  by  com- 
parison with  other  times  and  objects. 
The  stone  huts  which  abound  among  the 
wastes  of  these  parts  g^ve  us  the  measore 
of  domestic  accommodation  enjoyed  by 
our  remote  ancestors;  we  get  a  glimpse 
even  of  their  cuisine  io  the  bones  and 
shell-fish  which  are  found  in  them. 

"It  is  by  the  light  of  arclisBology  that 
we  are  enabled  to  measure  the  gulf  which 
separates  the  rude  canoe  of  excavated  oak 
from  the  prodigy  of  molem  shipbuilding^ 
which  lately  visited  our  coast.  Ulirough 
its  aid  the  mind  may  revert  to  the  cora- 
cles in  which  Hu  Qadam  brought  the 
Cymry  to  Britain,  and  may  contrast  with 
those  frail  barks  the  Channel  fleet  which 
lately  anchored  at  Holyhead.  By  reflect- 
ing upon  the  rude  ferry-boats  which, 
even  within  living  memory,  were  the  only 
conveyance  across  the  Mcnai,  we  can  esti- 
mate the  impulse  given  to  commerce  and 
to  intercourse  by  the  suspension  and  tubn- 
lar  bridges.  We  mav  look  across  the 
Straits,  and  imagine  Fierce  Griffith,  the 
lord  of  Penrhyn,  fitting  out  bis  ship  in 
Beaumaris,  at  his  own  oost^  and  sailing 
with  his  crew  of  volunteers  to  resist  the 
Spanish  Armada,  and  from  him  and  his 
companions  our  thoughts  may  return  to 
the  great  Volunteer  movement  of  the 
present  day,  and  the  gallant  regiments 
now  marshalling  in  Bangor  and  other 
towns,  who,  I  have  no  doubt,  wonld  give 
as  good  an  account  of  any  other  invader 
who  might  assail  our  shores  as  their  an- 
cestors did  of  the  Spanish  Armada. 
Standing  upon  the  mined  tower  of  Dol- 
badam,  the  antiqtiarian  may  picture  to 
himself  the  unhappy  Prince  who  was  im- 
prisoned there  by  his  brother  Llewelyn, 
limning  against  the  same  battlement,  and 
gazing  upon  the  opposite  hill,  where  then 
a  few  browzing  goats  and  sheep  alone  dis- 
turbed the  solitade,  but  whose  slopes  now 
echo  with  the  rattle  of  rubbish  shot  down 
into  the  lake,  the  puffing  of  the  looouio- 
tive,  and  teem  with  all  the  sig^  of  peace* 
ful  industry. 

"The  traces  of  primitive  or  British 
occupation  of  this  portion  of  Yenedotia 
(Gwynedd)  are  abundantly  observable  in 
the  ruins  of  old  walls,  of  huts  and  cairns 
upon  our  mountains  and  moors,  in  nu- 
merous earth' entrenchments,  and  in  trace* 
of  former  cultivation  upon  hills  and  de- 
vatcd  side-lands  now  abandoned  to  ftina 
or  heath.  Ulie  neighbourhood  of  Fen- 
maenmawr  will  exhibit  these  farrows  and 
indications  of  p  ist  indnstry.  The  hills 
aronnd  are  covered  with  old  forts  and 
dwelling-huts.  Tlie  whole  diiMst  of 
Snowdon  was,  in  fact^  one 


I860.] 


Cambrian  Archaeological  Association. 


491 


ways  resorted  to  as  a  bulwark  against 
aggression,  often  assailed  and  penetrated, 
but  never  occupied  lill  Edward  I.  Its 
bt/undaries  were  the  Conway  on  the  north, 
and  Traethmawr  on  the  south,  which  the 
Welsh  crossed  when  hard  pressed,  fortify- 
ing the  defiles  and  castles  along  the  fron- 
tiers with  watch-towers  interspersed. 

'*  Besides  the  large  castks,  we  find  most 
of  the  hills  and  eminences  fortified,  under 
the  various  names  of  moel,  diniiSy  castell, 
caery  crug,  an«l  tommen.  The  latter  were 
the  sitrs,  probably,  of  wooden  towers  or 
stockades,  analogous  to  the  New  Zealand 
pahy  which,  even  with  artillery,  our  troops 
have  found  it  hard  to  penetrate.  The 
camp  upon  Penniuen  is  mentioned  by 
Camden  as  being,  according  to  tradition, 
*the  strongest  place  of  defence  that  the 
ancient  Britons  had  in  all  Snowdon.' 
*  Moreover,'  he  adds, '  the  greatness  of  the 
work  shews  that  it  was  a  princ*  ly  fortifi- 
cation, strengthened  by  nature  and  work- 
manship.' S'r  Lytton-Bu'wer,  in  his 
novel  of '  Harold,*  gives  a  most  accurate 
description  of  it,  and  makes  it  the  scene 
of  the  death  of  Griffith  ap  Llewelyn,  who 
was  slain  there,  while  resisting  Harold's 
inv.:sion  of  Snowdon,  l>y  his  own  subjects. 
On  the  summit  of  the  Kivals,  beyond 
Clynnog,  however,  is  another  example, 
perhaps  the  best  that  exists,  of  a  Britih 
fortress.  Its  remote  situation,  and  the 
difficulty  of  acci'ss  to  it,  have  pre- 
served it  in  a  more  unaltered  state  than 
any  other  which  I  have  st^en.  We  have 
the  treble  wall  of  vast  strength,  with 
traces  of  towers  at  intervals, — the  en- 
trance-gateways, one  of  them  still  sur- 
mounted by  its  huge  lintel-stone, — and 
within  the  enclosure,  in  great  numbers, 
the  most  perfect  specimens  extant  of  the 
small  circular  buildings,  whose  natuie  has 
been  disputeil,  but  which,  there  seems  no 
reason  to  doubt,  were  habitations,  after 
the  usual  fashion  of  British  housis,  for 
the  inmates  or  garrison  of  the  enclosure. 
For  we  learn  from  Strabo  that  'tlie 
houses  of  the  Britons  were  round,  with  a 
high  pointed  covering;'  Csesar  tells  us 
that  they  were  only  lighted  by  the  door ; 
and  on  the  Autonine  column  they  are 
represented  as  circular,  with  an  arched 
entrance.  Comparing  these  accounts  with 
the  walls  which  still  remain,  we  may  bo 
tolerably  certain  that  they  were  conical, 
tent-shaped  buildings,  with  walls  of  stone, 
roofed  in  with  boughs,  reeds,  fern,  or  sods, 
without  other  aperture  than  the  doorway. 
Immediately  behind  this  fortress  lies  the 
secluded  and  almost  inaccessible  little 
valley,  Nant  Gwytherin,  where  Vortijjern 
ended  his  days   iugloriously.     On  Caru 


Bod  nan  and  Cam  Madryn  arc  other  in- 
teresting Briiisli  renuiins,  and  I  ujay  here 
express  my  regret,  with  regard  to  that 
district  of  this  county,  that  the  inter- 
vening distance  which  compelled  its  ex- 
clusion from  our  programme  has  deprived 
both  myself  and  many  other  (gentlemen 
who  reside  there  of  the  op[)ortunity  of 
shewing  hospit^ilily  to  those  who  might 
otherwise  have  been  enabled  to  visit  it  on 
this  occ  ision. 

"Of  the  Boman  period,  the  traces  are  less 
abundant  than  of  the  British.  The  sites 
remain — in  many  cases  the  names— and 
relics  of  domes  ic  architecture  continue 
from  time  to  time  to  be  brought  to  light. 
But  Norman  castles  have  arisen  upon 
th  se  sites  which  sometimes,  as  in  the  case 
of  Carnarvon,  and  of  Diganwy,  near  Con- 
way, were  constructed  out  of  the  mate- 
rials of  the  Roman  fort  which  occupied 
them.  But  perhaps  the  most  striking 
remains  of  the  Roman  period,  the  Ix'st 
evid<  nee  of  the  scale  ujK)n  which  her 
conquests  were  conducted,  and  of  the 
means  by  which  they  were  maintained,  is 
to  be  found  in  their  great  military  roads. 
Tht  y  had  all  this  remarkable  feature,  that 
they  r.tdiated  from  some  central  point, 
instead  of  being  constructed  without 
gi  neral  plan  or  policy  ;  and  it  is  a  curious 
proof  of  the  forecast  and  sagacity  with 
which  they  were  planned,  that  at  this  day 
the  principal  trunk  Hues  of  railway 
throughout  the  kingdom,  north,  south, 
east,  and  west,  coincide  very  nearly  with 
the  ancient  Roman  roads  iu  those  several 
directions : — 

The  old  Walling  Street  following  nearly 
the  course  of  the  London  and  Noith- 
Westtrn,  and  ran  from  Chester  to 
Dover,  then  the  chief  port  of  commu- 
nication with  the  Continent. 

JErmine  Street  nearly  represents  that  of 
the  Great  Northern. 

Port  Wag  —  The  Great  Western  from 
London  to  Exeter. 

Stone  Street — The  London  and  Brighton. 

"  In  this  district  within  which  we  are  now 
assembled,  we  still  find  in  a  very  perfect 
state  of  preservation  port-ions  of  the  old 
Roman  road  of  communication  between 
Chester  and  Segontium.  From  Chester 
it  ran  to  the  Roman  station  of  Varo,  now 
Caerwys,  past  Bodfari,  the  private  resi- 
dence or  villa  of  the  Rouian  General 
Varus;  whether  Caerwys,  the  modern 
name  of  the  camp,  can  be  derived  from 
Caer  Varus,  is  a  question  which  I  must 
leave  to  Welsh  etymologiana.  From 
thence  the  road  crossed  the  Conway  at 
the  Roman    station  of   Conuvium,   now 


492 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nov. 


Caerhun,  and  from  tbence  by  Bwlch-y- 
ddaufen,  and  behind  Peumaen  down  to 
Aber,  whence  it  followed  the  line  of  the 
8ca-coast. 

"  Remote  and  nnproductive  as  this  pnrt 
of  Britaiir  must  have  been,  the  Romans 
seem  to  have  thought  it  worth  holding  in 
considerable  force,  owing  no  doubt  to  the 
command  wliich  it  gave  them  of  the  Irish 
Channel,  and  also  probably  for  the  sike  of 
its  mineral  treasures — its  silver,  lead,  iron, 
and  copper  mines,  which  were  well  known 
to  and  worked  by  them.  Besides  Caer- 
narvon and  Caerhun,  they  had  a  station  at 
Holyhead,  aiid  several  minor  forts,  with 
military  stations  on  their  lines  of  commu- 
nication. It  does  not  appear  that  Ostorius, 
after  ovei'throwing  Caractacus  on  the 
frontiers  of  Gwyned,  penetrated  further, 
but  Paulinus  (a.d.  60)  a  few  years  later 
made  his  memorable  inroad  into  Anglesea, 
of  which  the  well-known  passage  in  Ta- 
citus gives  80  vivid  a  picture,  lie  threw 
his  troops  across  ju«t  under  Llanidan, 
where  they  crossed  partly  in  boats,  partly 
by  swimming,  the  infantry  holding  on  by 
the  horsemtn. 

"  Of  the  Norman  dynasty,  nearly  every 
reign  was  signalized  by  a  Welsh  invadion. 
William  Rufus,  Henry  I.,  Henry  II.,  aiM 
Henry  III.  all  attacked  it,  and  were  all 
unsuccessful.  The  defeat  of  Henry  II. 
by  the  famous  Owen  Gwynedd  is  com- 
memorated in  the  well-known  ode  of  Gray. 
Of  Henry  the  Third's  invasion,  an  inter- 
esting record  is  preserved  in  a  letter 
written  from  the  royal  camp  at  Diganwy, 
by  a  nobleman  to  liis  fi-iends  in  England, 
in  which  he  describes  the  hardships  they 
were  enduring,  and  their  mortification  at 
seeing  a  vessel  from  Ireland  laden  with 
wine  run  aground  in  the  river,  and  fall 
into  the  hands  of  the  Welsh. 

"  The  defiles  of  Snowdon  were  the  scene 
of  the  final  struggles  of  the  Welsh  princes 
for  liberty  and  inde{)endence.  It  had 
been  their  hunting-ground,  and  they  ap- 
pear to  have  carried  their  courts  about 
with  them  in  their  huntingcircuits,  whence 
the  immerous  places  which  still  retain  the 
name  of  Llys  (court).  Llewelyn  had  a 
seat  at  Abcr,  another  at  Nantlle  lakes, 
lilanllyfni,  where  Edward  after  the  con- 
quest held  a  fair,  and  stibsequently  a 
tournament  at  Morfa  Nevin,  which  was 
attended  by  the  chivalry  of  England.  In 
some  of  the  morasses  of  Snowdon  above 
Aber,  after  Llewelyn's  death  and  the  fall 
of  Dolbadarn,  his  last  stronghold,  his  bro- 
ther Davyd  wandered  with  his  wife  and 
family  in  their  extremity.  The  unfortu- 
nate prince  was  taken  to  England  and 
executed  there.    But  the  fate  and  cap- 

5 


tivity  of  the  two  gallant  brothers  have 
been  commemorated  by  their  countrymen, 
who  devoted  the  two  adjacent  peaks  of 
Snowdon  as  a  carnedd,  or  memorial-stone, 
to  each,  and  they  b'  ar  to  this  dsy  the 
names  of  Carnedd  Davyd  and  Carnedd 
Lh  welyn.  It  was  at  Aber,  too,  that  the  last 
Llewelyn,  after  his  hollow  compromise 
with  Edward,  forgot  his  former  renown  in 
domestic  life  with  Eleanor  do  Montford. 
And  at  Aber  also  resided  his  grandfather, 
Llewelyn  the  Great,  with  his  wife  Joan, 
the  natural  daughter  of  King  John,  whose 
sarcophagus,  after  being  degraded  to  a 
cattle-trough,  has  been  preserved  in  the 
grounds  of  Baron  Hill.  After  the  con- 
quest, these  parts  witnessed  several  in- 
surrections bt'fore  their  final  incorporation 
with  the  realm  of  England.  Madoc,  son 
of  the  last  Llewelyn,  took  Carnarvon,  and 
brought  Edward  again  into  Wales  to  quell 
the  revolt. 

"Owen  Glyndwr  ravaged  this  district 
in  his  rebellion  against  Henry  IV.,  and 
tried  in  vain  to  seize  Carnarvon.  There 
is  a  tradition  that  a  certain  Dean  of  Ban- 
gor (called  the  Black  Dean)  received  Owen 
Glyndwr,  young  Percy,  and  Mortimer,  in 
his  house  at  Aberdovey,  where  a  scheme 
was  bronched  to  divide  the  kingdom  be- 
tween them.  In  the  civil  wars  Carnarvon 
yielded  to  General  Mytton,  and  he  in 
turn  was  besieged  there  hy  Sir  John  Owen, 
of  Eifionydd,  who  hearing  that  Colonel 
Carter  was  on  his  way  to  relieve  the  place, 
went  to  meet  him,  and  a  battle  was 
fought  near  Ijlandegiu,  where  Sir  John 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  North  Wales  sub- 
mitted to  the  Parliamentary  forces.  I 
may  mention,  in  connexion  with  Carnar- 
von, a  proverb  recorded  by  Sir  John 
Wynn,  which  speaks  of  *  the  lawyers  of 
Carnarvon,  (this  being  the  seat  of  the  law 
courts  in  North  Wales,)  the  merchants  of 
Beaumaris,  and  the  gentlemen  of  Con- 
way.* 

"  Speaking  here  in  Bangnr,  some  men- 
tion must  be  made  of  the  cathedral, 
though  the  details  of  it,  both  archit«-ctu- 
ral  and  historical,  will  be  fully  discossed 
on  Thursday,  and  explained  to  as.  The 
first  bishop  was  appo'nted  to  the  see 
about  550.  King  Edgar,  when  he  in- 
vaded North  Wales  in  970,  confirmed  its 
privileges.  King  John  forced  the  bishop 
from  the  altar,  and  obliged  him  to  pay 
200  falcons  for  his  ransom.  Fortnnatelj, 
the  episcopal  manor  of  Gogarth  (Ormea- 
head)  was  renowned  for  its  fidcoos.  The 
great  minister  Borleigb  (Pennant-  tdit 
us)  writes  to  thank  the  anoertor  of  Sir 
Thomas  Mostyn  for  a  cast  of  hawks  from 
Llundudua    The  cathedral  was  dertrpyed 


I860.] 


Cambrian  ArchcBological  Association, 


403 


in  1071.  and  ii;;.nn  h\  Owen  Gl^ynilwr  in 
1102,  because  its  then  bisliop  suU-d  with 
the  English.  Tlje  jji-csent  edifice  dates 
frt»m  1532.  I  cannot  quit  the  subject  of 
the  cathedral  without  mentioning,  as  a 
subject  of  congratulation  to  all  who  are 
interLsted  in  this  coun-y  and  diocese,  the 
fact  that  the  bishop  who  now  pn-sides 
over  it  is  the  first  for  145  years  who  is 
able  to  lead,  to  preach,  and,  above  hU,  to 
exhort  in  a  colloquial  u;anner,  in  *a  tongue 
understanded  of  the  people.' 

"  Through  these  brief  and  disjointed 
notices  of  the  chief  incidents  of  Welsh 
history,  connected  with  the  district  in 
wliich  we  are  assembled,  we  have  no*v 
reached  the  epoch  which  terminated  the 
separate  political  existence  of  Wales,  by 
the  enactment  of  the  famous  *  Statutes  of 
Rhyddlan,'  framed  by  Edward  I.  in  1284. 
The  succeeding  period  is  one  less  interest- 
ing to  the  archaeologist  than  to  the  politi- 
cian or  jurisconsult;  and  it  is  from  ihem 
we  must  seek  an  answer  to  the  question 
which  cannot  fail  to  suggest  itself,  whe- 
ther the  complete  incorporation  of  Wales 
with  the  English  realm  has  bi  en  attended 
with  all  the  advantages  which  she  was 
entitled  to  derive  from  it." 

The  Report  stated  that  twenty  -  six 
new  members  had  joined  the  Association 
since  the  last  meeting ;  that  the  amount 
in  the  Treasurer's  hands  w..s  £172  8s.; 
and  that  proposals  had  been  lately  made 
to  establish  more  intimate  relations  with 
the  antiquaries  of  Cornwall  than  have 
hitlicrto  existed,  so  that  that  county  mny 
be  bro light  more  under  the  action  of  the 
Association.  If  this  course  is  adopted,  and 
if  the  Br<.'ton  element  shoald  continue  to 
be  still  further  developed,  it  may  become 
a  matter  of  con^ideration  how  far  it  may 
be  de^itable  to  modify  the  title  of  the 
Association,  so  as  to  embrace  those  two 
other  important  divisions  of  the  Celtic 
family — so  intimately  connected  with  our- 
selves. In  alluding  to  the  Cardigan  meet- 
ing of  last  year,  the  Report  made  mention 
of  the  cordial  reception  there  accorded  to 
the  Society,  and  then  continued : — 

"  It  must  also  be  remembered  that  the 
Rev.  H.  Vincent,  of  St.  Dogmael's,  kindly 
consented  to  place  the  remarkable,  and, 
your  committee  would  add,  invaluable 
Op^ham  stone,  called  the  Segramnus  stone, 
within  the  vestry  of  the  church,  which 
was  considered  the  most  eligible  situation 
as    regards  its  future    safety.      Circam- 

Gekt.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


stances  appear  to  have  prevented  that 
gentleman  from  carrying  out  bis  inten- 
tions. The  Committee,  therefore,  would 
suggest  that  the  Association  should  re- 
new their  application  to  Mr.  Vincent  on 
the  subject.  They  would  propose,  also, 
that  a  brass  plaite  should  be  inserted  in 
the  wall  of  the  vestry,  recording  what  is 
known  of  the  history  of  the  stone." 

After  the  Report  had  bnen  received,  Mr. 
G.  T.  Clark  read  an  able  p-iper  on  "  Mili- 
tary Architecture,"  of  which  the  f  illowing 
is  a  brief  outline  : — 

"  The  military  architecture  of  ancient 
Wales  rests,  with  some  other  Cambrian  glo- 
ries, for  its  evidences  chiefly  upon  the  tales 
recorded  in  the  Mubinogion^  and  the  build- 
ings seen  occasionally  by  uncritical  eyes 
in  the  crystal  depths  of  Llyn  Sa^iaddu. 
The  Welsh,  previous  to  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury, held  their  country  against  the  Sax- 
ons, as  they  had  for  a  time  against  the 
Romans,  by  the  advantage  of  ground; 
but  although  they  knew  how  to  strengthen 
a  natural  position  by  a  bank  of  earth  and 
a  corresponding  ditch,  and  in  some  cases 
by  a  wall  of  rude  dry  masonry,  these  de- 
fences, of  which  many  remain,  do  not  rise 
in  execution  to  architectural  structures,  or 
in  scien title  arrangement  to  works  of  castra- 
metation.  lliese  are  the  means  by  which 
mountain  tribes  have  ever  defended  their 
country,  and  by  the  aid  of  which  they 
have  often  beat  off  an  enemy  equal  to 
themselves  in  courage,  and  far  superior  in 
numbers,  discipline,  and  the  appliances  of 
war.  These  intrenchments  still  crown 
many  a  hill- top  and  point  of  vantage 
throughout  the  Principality.  They  are, 
as  might  be  expected,  more  frequent  and 
of  larger  area  on  the  English  frontier,  but 
they  are  also  found  along  the  sea  coast, 
and  in  the  interior  of  the  country,  and 
were  no  doubt  in  many  cases  constructed 
and  employed  dui-ing  the  fierce  intestine 
wars  which  were  continually  carried  on 
among  the  WeUh  tribes,  and  to  which 
invaders  have  ever  owed  much  of  their 
success. 

Speaking  of  the  military  earthworks 
of  Wales  and  its  borders,  the  writer  said 
"  they  were  very  irregularly  disposed,  and 
that  altogether  there  are  of  them  about 
609,  of  which  Pembroke  contains  112,  Car- 
digan 79,  Montgomery  55,  Caernarvon  43, 
Monmouth  48,  and  GUimorgan  40.  Some 
of  the  finest  and  most  perfect  are  to  be 
found  in  Herefordshire  and  Shropshire^ 
and  of  these  some  have  been  attributed  to 
the  Welsh  daring  their  straggles  under 
Caradoc  (Caractacus)  against  the  Romans 

Sir 


494 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer 


[Nov. 


under  Ostorius  Scapula.  Taking  the  gene- 
ral distribution  of  the  camps  from  the 
north  downwards,  there  are  but  tew  in 
the  body  of  Anglesey,  but  they  lie  more 
closely  along  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
Henai  Strait,  corresponding  to  others 
upon  the  opposite  shore  of  Arvon.  There 
are  several  noon  the  headland  of  Carnar- 
von fringing  the  sea  coast,  some  atiout  the 
mouth  of  the  Conway  river,  and  many, 
and  of  great  strength,  upon  the  high  laud 
between  the  Vale  of  Clwyd  and  the  ♦*stu- 
ary  of  the  Dee..  Merioneth,  thouirh  ex- 
tending across  from  the  Severn  to  th«>  bay 
of  Cardigan,  contains  but  few  camps  and 
those  chiefly  on  the  upper  Dee,  between 
Cor  wen  and  liahi,  about  Towyn,  and  along 
the  shore  to  the  marshes  of  the  Dovey. 
In  parts  of  Montgomery  they  lie  thickly 
posted,  especially  upon  the  Vymwy  and 
Upper  Severn. 

"  Having  traced  the  plan  adopted  by  the 
lords  of  the  Marches  for  the  conquest  of 
Wales,  which  was  to  penetrate  by  the  val- 
leys and   open  country,   and   at   certain 
points  to  erect  castles  strong  enough  to 
resist  an  ordinary  attack,  and  often  capa- 
cious enough  to  contain  men   and  stores 
sufficient  to  reinforce  troops  in  the  field, 
or  to  receive  tliem  when  wanted,  Mr.  Clark 
proceeded  to  show  that  North  Wah'S,  being 
more  mountainous  and  containing  fewer 
fertile  tracts  than   the   South,  was   both 
more  difficult  to  attack  and  present)  d  le<s 
to  tempt  cupidity.     Here,  moreover,  the 
strength   of  the   Welsh   people  was  gra- 
dually' concen* rated.     North  Wales  was, 
however,  invaded  in  1096  by  the  combined 
forces  of  Eail  Roger  and  Hugh  the  Fat, 
Earl  of  Chester,  who  penetrati»d  to  Anglesey 
and  built  the  tower  of  Aber-Llienawc,  near 
]yfenai,  which,  however,  they  failed  to  re- 
tain.    The  Earls  of  Chester  obtained  per- 
manent possession  of  the  March  of  Tegen- 
gel,  the  tract  between  the  Conway  and  the 
Dee,  but  with  this  important  exception, 
but  little  progress  was  made  during  the 
eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries.     The  bor* 
der  castles  of  Chirk,  Wrexham,  Caergwrle, 
Hawarden,  Holt,  Flint,  and  Treffynon,  or 
St.  Winifred,  formed  a  sufficient  defensive 
line,   and   supported   Dinas-Bran  on  the 
Dee,  Ruthin,  Denbigh,  and  Rhuddlan,  a 
[Domesday  castle  in  the  Vale  of  Clwyd, 
and  Gannoc,  or  Diganwy,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Conway,  an  old  Welsh  work  destroyed 
by  lightning,  it  is  said,  in  809,  but  rebuilt 
in  1209  by  the  Earl  of  Chester,  and  around 
which  Henry  III.  and  his  invading  army 
encamped  in  1245.  It  was  not  till  late  in  the 
thirteenth  century,  wh^n  Edward  Long- 
shanks  was  firmly  seated  on  his  throne, 
that  he  was  able  to  direct  his  undisturbed 


energies  against  the  Prince  of  Snowdon, 
and  after  three  great  general  insurrections, 
to  reign  paramount  in  Wales.     The  diffi- 
culties of  the  undertaking  are  sufficiently 
attested  by  the  strong  and  stately  castles 
of  Conway,  Beaumaris,  Carnarvon,   Har- 
lech, and  Criccieth,  with  which  that  pru- 
dent monarch  thought  it  necessary  to  se- 
cure  his    conquest.     The    Welsh    castles 
were  not  often  st  ats  of  baronies,  and  were 
more  fi-equently  inhabited  by  a  castellan, 
or  const  ible,  than  by  the  lord.    During  the 
long  and  internally  peaceful  reign  of  Ed- 
ward III.,  to   whose   foreign   armies  the 
Welsh  largely  contributed,  the  castles  of 
the  Principality  ceased  to  be  of  importance, 
and  many  fell  permanently  into   decay. 
Owen   Glyndwr,   early    in   the    fifteenth 
century,   has    the    credit    of    destroying 
many  more;  and  a  greater  number  still, 
ceasing,  from  the  union  of  estates,  to  be 
family  seats,  were  either  pulled  down  for 
the   materials,   or  converted    iuto   farm- 
houses.    Those  in  or   near  county  towns 
were  often  used  as  prisons,  and  are  so  de> 
scribed  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII.  and 
Elizabeth,  and  some,  like  Carmarthen  and 
Swansea,  are  still  so  degraded.    Daring  the 
Great  Rebellion,  such  as  admitted  ot  being 
employed  as  military  postfl  were  occupied 
either  for  the  Kin^  or  the   Parliament, 
and  suffered  accordingly,  and  others  were 
blown  up  lest  they  should  be  so  occupied. 
Since   that    period,    time,   weather,    and 
their  employment  as  quarries  of  squared 
stone,   have   nearly   completed   their   de- 
struction; and  it  is  only  within  the  last 
few  years  that  the  public  have  learned  to 
regard  their  ruins  as  objects  of  interest, 
and  that  the  owners,  urged  by  public  feel- 
ing,  have  in  some  few  cases    expended 
some  trifling  sums  to  preserve  them.    The 
greater  number  of  the  existing  buildings 
are  probably  of  the  reign  of  Henry  III., 
or  early  in  that  of  Edward  I.     Some  of 
the  grander  examples,  such  as  Caerphilly, 
Kidwelly,  Beaumaris,  are  reg^olariy  con- 
centric, and   quite   equal  to  anything  in 
En>;land.    Others,  as  Conway,  Camarvon, 
Caldecot,  are  a  mere  inclosure,  ^vided 
into  courts,  and  contained  within  curtain 
walls  thickly  studded  with  towers,  and 
broken  by  regular  gatehouses,  and  hav- 
ing the  hall  an«l  other  buildingpi  disposed 
against  the  curtain  along  the  sides  of  the 
principal  court.     The  smaller  castles  of 
this  type,  as  Dinas  Powys,  Penuard  in 
Gower,   perhaps  Whitecastle,  and  many 
others,  seem  to  have  been  a  simple  in- 
closed court,  with  walls  from  10  to  30  ft. 
high,    mural   towers,  and   a    gatehouse, 
but  with  small  permanent  acoommotlation 
within.    The  dwellings  were  chSe^y  strue*! 


18C0.] 


Cambrian  Archceological  Association. 


495 


tures  of  timber  placed  against  the  walls, 
and  have  in  consequence  long  disappeared. 
When  a  castle,  as  Neath,  Carnarvon, 
Newport,  and  Cardiff,  was  placed  close  to 
a  town,  it  usually  formed  a  part  of  the 
circuit  of  tlie  walls.  At  Chepstow  this 
does  not  appear  to  be  the  case." 

This  paper  closed  the  proceedings  of 
the  evening. 

Tttesdat. 

The  Society  made  an  excursion  to  Bean- 
maris,  Penmon,  &c.  The  party  first  visited 
Bryn  Britain,,  said  to  be  the  site  of  a 
Koman  camp,  of  which,  however,  tht  re  is 
little  trace  at  present ;  and  next  Hen  Bias, 
or  *  Old  Palace,'  situate  in  Church -street, 
which  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
Bulkeleys.  In  the  front  is  an  old  in- 
scription,  "If  God  be  with  us  who  shall 
be  against  us  ?"  and  in  one  of  the  rooms 
there  is  a  fine  specimen  of  a  pendant  roof. 
They  were  afterwards  conducted  over  the 
church  by  the  incumbent,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Jones,  and  then  proceeded  to  the  Castle, 
where  they  put  themselves  undtT  the  di- 
rection of  Mr.  Clark,  of  Dowlais,  who 
undertook  to  explain  the  parts  of  the 
work.  Having  surveyed  the  whole,  the 
party,  a  very  numerous  one,  collected  in 
the  inner  court,  when 

Mr.  Clark  addressed  them  from  the 
ruins  of  the  southern  gatehouse.  Com- 
mencing with  some  general  remarks,  he 
pointed  out  that  the  claims  of  Beaumaris 
weie  not  of  an  ordinary  description.     It 

was  not,  like  Dover,  the  key  of  an*empire, 
nor,  like  London,  the  citadel  of  a  great 
city ;  it  had  not,  like  Kenilworth,  Berkeley, 
Kochester,  or  Oxford,  been  the  scene  of 
great  historic  events ;  no  councils  had 
been  held  within  its  walls;  no  statutes, 
dicta,  or  provisions  were  associated  with 
its  name ;  neither  was  it  like  Warwick, 
Pembroke,  or  Shrewsbury,  associated  with 
some  of  the  greatest  of  our  ancient  nobles, 
BiUDchamps,  Nevilles,  Mareschals,  Clares, 
and  Hastings.  It  did  not,  hke  Durham  or 
Ely,  display  that  grand  combination  of 
castle  and  cathedral  so  typical  of  that 
union  of  temporal  and  ecclesiastical  power 
which  formed  so  great  a  contrast  with  our 
present  political  and  religious  liberty.  It 
did  not,  like  Lincoln,  dominate  over  a 
rich  agricultural  plain,  nor,  like  Norwich, 
over  a  wealthy  and  early  manufacturing 
City.  It  had  not,  like  Chester,  been  the 
Beat  of  palatines,  who  in  theory  almost 


equalled  their  sovereigns,  and  in  practice 
often  surpassed  them ;  nor  could  it  boast 
that  gracefHil  mixture  of  styles  which  all 
admired  so  much  in  Chepstow,  Porchester, 
and  Carew.  Beaumaris,  with  none  of 
these  claims,  yet  deserved  notice,  because 
it  was  a  rare  instance  of  a  medieval 
fortress,  built  where  the  engineer  had  full 
choice  of  ground,  where  he  had  ample 
means  at  his  command,  and  had  besides 
the  advice  of  one  of  the  ablest  aT>d  most 
warlike  of  the  great  race  of  Plantagenet. 
Mr.  Clark  then  pointed  out  the  precise 
position  of  Beiumaris  in  the  chain  of 
Welsh  military  works,  and  shewed  that 
it  was,  with  Carnarvon  and  Harlech,  a 
grand  precaution  taken  by  Edward  I.  to 
prevent  the  Welsh  again  taking  po>t  on 
Penmaenmawr,  or  establishing  ihemselve^ 
upon  the  flarks  of  Snowdon.  Mr.  Clark 
then  said  a  few  words  upon  the  principles 
of  Norman  fortifications,  explaintd  by  re- 
ftrence  to  the  gatehouse  before  them  the 
nsiture  of  a  flanking  fire,  and  then  passed 
at  once  to  the  details  of  the  great  work 
in  the  midst  of  which  they  were  assem- 
bled. Bean  maris  Castle  is  built  on  the 
southern  shores  of  Anglesea,  upon  the 
mouth  of  the  Menai  Straits,  in  lull  view 
of  one  of  the  finest  prospects  in  North 
Wales,  having  the  sea  and  the  expanse  of 
Arvon,  no  longer  "dreary,"  for  its  fore- 
ground, and  in  the  distance  a  chain 
of  mountains  extending  from  the  Great 
Ormeshead  and  Penmaenmawr  to  Carn 
Duvyd  and  Cam  Llewelyn  of  the  Snowdon 
group,  and  displaying  in  full  view  the 
niagnificent  gorges  of  Aber  and  Naut 
Fruncon. 

The  town  of  Bcaamars  stands  close 
west  of  the  castle,  and  the  space  which* 
by  the  retirement  of  the  water  or  the  en- 
croachment of  the  land,  has  been  gained 
during  the  last  four  or  five  centuries,  has 
with  great  judgment  been  laid  out  as  a 
promenade.  The  castle  is  an  excellent 
example  of  an  Edwardian  or  concentric 
fortress,  in  which  the  engineer  was  left  to 
lay  down  his  plan  uofeiiered,  as  at  Con- 
way or  Carnarvon,  by  the  peculiar  dispo- 
sition of  the  ground.  It  is  composed  of 
two  courts,  of  which  the  inner  is  a  qoad- 
ran^le  of  about  fifty  yards  square,  con- 
tained within  four  curtains  of  the  unusual 
height  of  forty  to  fifty  feet,  and  of  the 
«till  more  unusual  thickness  of  sixteen 
feet  at  the  summit.  At  the  angles  and 
in  the  centres  of  the  east  and  west  sides 
are  drum  towers,  six  in  all,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  north  and  south  ends  are  oc- 
cupied by  gatehouses.  The  angle  towers 
are  about  forty-eight  feet  in  diameter, 
with  walls  twelve  feet  thick,  and  the  pas- 


496 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nov. 


soge  by  which  each  is  entered  at  the  gorge 
from  the  court  passes  through  twenty -two 
feet  of  masonry.  Three  of  these  towers 
are  spanned  by  a  single  rib,  intended  to 
carry  the  joists  of  the  floor  above.  Each 
has  a  well-stair  at  its  gorge,  and  commu- 
nicates with  the  trefoiled  galleries  and 
with  the  ramparts.  The  middle  tower  in 
the  east  side  is  a  chapel,  an  oblong  cham- 
ber resting  on  a  vault,  with  a  polygonal 
apse  and  groined  roof.  It  is  entered  from 
the  court  by  a  double  doorway,  trefoiled, 
and  has  a  vestry  on  each  side  communi- 
cating with  the  triforial  galleries  of  the 
curtain,  but  with  loops,  and  on  the  north 
B  de  a  hagioscope  or  squint  looking  into 
the  chapel.  The  wall  of  the  chapel  is 
divided  into  seven  bays,  of  which  the  five 
outer  ones  are  pierced  by  lancet  windows 
opening  upon  the  face  of  the  tower.  The 
whole  lower  stage  is  panelled  with  trefoil 
heads,  as  is  the  west  end.  The  north 
gatehouse  is  of  the  usual  .Edwardian  plan, 
oblong,  projecting  into  the  court,  with 
drum  towers  at  the  inner  angles  and  half- 
round  towers  to  the  field.  The  ground 
floor  is  traversed  by  the  entrance  passage, 
partially  vaulted  and  crossed  by  three 
portcullis  grooves.  On  each  side  is  a 
lodge  and  a  porter's  prison.  The  first 
floor  contains  a  great  hall,  73  ft.  by  23  ft. 
6  in.,  with  five  windows  looking  into  the 
court,  with  flat-headed  arches,  of  two 
lights,  with  transoms  and  window-seats 
within.  They  are  peculiar.  Two  fire- 
places remain — one  in  the  north  centre, 
one  at  the  east  end.  The  only  entrances 
were  by  narrow  well  -  stairs  contained 
within  the  towers.  The  hall  communi- 
cated with  two  chambers  above  in  the 
half-round  front  towers,  and  these  again 
with  a  portcullis  chamber  above  the  en- 
trance. There  is  a  second  story,  excepting 
over  the  hall.  It  is  clear  from  the  incon- 
venient arrangements  of  the  hall,  that  it 
never  wns  intended  for  more  than  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  military  governor  of 
the  place.  The  southern  gatehouse  in 
general  plan  resembled  that  on  the  north ; 
the  inner  part  projecting  into  the  court, 
was  pulled  down,  it  is  said,  two  hundred 
years  ago,  for  building  materials.  The 
foundations  remain,  and  shew  the  ground- 
plan.  The  curtain  walls  are  very  curious, 
being  traversed  by  a  complete  series  of 
triforial  passages,  which  communicate 
with  an  extraordinary  number  of  cham- 
bers in  the  wall,  some  for  guard-rooms, 
others  for  the  purposes  of  sewerage.  The 
lower  part  of  the  eastern  and  north  cur- 
tains seem  to  contain  a  most  remarkable 
scries  of  sewers,  of  great  area,  and  whi  h 
no  doubt  opened  into  the  sea.    Tbe  plan 


of  the  outer  court  is  an  octagon,  symme- 
trical, or  nearly  so,  and  containing  the 
quadrangle.  Each  of  its  angles  is  capped 
by  a  drum  tower,  between  each  pair  of 
which  is  another  tower,  thirteen  in  all, 
the  place  of  three  being  occupied  by  gate- 
houses and  a  spur-work.  This  court  is 
very  narrow,  so  that  even  if  the  assailants 
entered  it  they  could  not  muster  in  very 
great  force.  The  walls  are  low,  and  of 
moderate  thickness,  the  requisite  breadth 
of  rampart  being  given  by  an  internal 
projection  upon  corbels.  The  walls  are 
looped .  Parts  of  this  court  are  marshy  and 
seem  to  have  been  excavated  for  fish-stews. 
The  gatehouses  of  this  court  are  placed 
obliquely  to  those  of  the  river  court,  so 
as  not  to  allow  of  their  being  raked  or 
carried  by  a  direct  rush,  and  a  sort  of  out- 
work has  been  added  in  front  of  the  inner 
south  gateway  as  a  further  precaution 
against  surprise.  The  outer  northern 
gateway  appears  never  to  have  been  com- 
pleted. The  central  gate  arch  has  been 
blocked  up  in  modem  times.  The  lateral 
chambers  each  had  a  small  door  from  the 
inner  court,  which  have  been  blocked  up, 
probably  when  the  architect  decided  not 
to  proceed  with  the  work.  It  is  said 
there  was  an  outwork  about  800  yards  in 
advance  of  this  front.  The  south  gate  is 
flanked  by  a  long  caponniere,  or  spur- work, 
which  runs  out  from  tbe  outer  curtain 
towards  the  sea,  containing  a  fine  gallery 
with  loops  either  way,  and  surmounted  by 
a  broad  rampart  walk.  In  a  drum  tower 
upon  this  work  is  a  staple  with  a  ring,  said 
to  be  for  mooring  ships,  which  then  floated 
up  to  the  walls.  There  is  a  smaller  but 
somewhat  similar  spur-work  at  Chester. 
The  exterior  moat  has  been  filled  up  for 
some  years,  but  in  high  tides  the  &ea  has 
been  known  to  rise  to  the  foot  of  the  walls. 
The  interior  court  appears  to  have  been 
occupied  by  buildings,  no  doubt  of  timber, 
placed  against  the  walls.  Some  of  these 
buildings  may  have  contained  tbe  kitchen, 
the  fireplaces,  which  remiun,  being  large. 
The  marks  of  the  drawbridges  and  tbe 
contrivances  for  strengthening  the  gates 
with  bars  deserve  attention." 

After  inspecting  the  castle,  and  partak- 
ing, at  the  Grammar-school,  of  the  hos- 
pitality of  Dr.  Hill,  the  head  master,  the 
excursionists  proceeded  in  carriages  in  the 
direction  of  Penmon,  halting  at  Castell 
Lleiniog,  a  small  square  fort,  with  a  cir- 
cular tower  at  each  corner,  built  by  Hugh 
Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  and  Hugh,  EUurl 
of  Shrewsbury,  A.D.  1098,  when  they  in- 
vaded   Anglesey,   and   oommitted    great 


I8G0.]  Cambrian  Archaalogical  Association.  497 

rnvHges.    Tliia  fort  was  taken  from  the  Babiogton  made  some  remarks ,  on   the 

r^irlkmentariaiu  in  the  Beventcentli  ceo-  placea  visited  in  the  mornii^;  and  the 

turj,  Bev.  J.  GriffiUiB,  Hector  of  Herth;r  Tyd- 

Penmon  Priory  stands  in  &  spot  which  fli.  read  an  uuosing  paper  on  k  tour  in 
harmonizea  -  deliciouslj  wilh  the  idea  of  Wales  in  16S2,  drawn  fFoin  the  Karjr  of 
seclusion  from  the  aniietiea  and  tempU-  John  Taylor,  the  Water  Poet. 
tions  of  die  world.  The  church  and  con-  After  tbia,  the  Bev.  H.  Longocrilla 
ventunl  bnildingB  ori^aUy  formed  three  Jonea  delivered  to  the  meeting  tha  recnlt 
sides  of  a  small  coart,  approached  hj  of  his  mmmer's  atad;  of  the  "incind 
a  flight  of  steps,  open  on  the  east  ^de.  atones"  with  which  Walea  aboond*,  and 
The  cloister  was  prolwblj  on  the  north  which  are  most  important  to  the  proper 
side— perhaps  the  overhanging  limeatone  and  correct  atady  of  arcIuBok^y.  Tttejr 
cliffs  may  hare  formed  a  natural  cloister,  had  Tery  few  old  H8S.,  bnt  they  wera 
and  a  walk  underneath  them  may  have  exceedingly  rich  in  these  stones — richer 
led  to  the  Holy  Well,  which  still  remoiost  than  moat  part  of  the  coontriea  of  Europe 
and  bears  murks  of  its  former  celebrity,  ^-of  which  they  onght  to  feel  veiy  prond, 
The  chief  existing  remains  cou^st^ — 1.  Of  and  do  their  utmost  towards  thdr  preaer- 
tho  church,  once  a  regular  cross  church,  vation.  The  rev.  gentleman  here  pointed 
but  now  without  a  north  transept.  Antl-  oat  to  the  audience,  by  meani  of  dia- 
qunriea  differ  as  to  the  age  of  the  nave,  ^rams,  several  inscribed  atonee,  some  of 
soutli  transept,  and  lower,  some  assigning  which  had  been  only  recently  discovered, 
tliem,  in  pnrt,  on  good  grounds,  to  the  Among  the  most  remarkable  were  thon 
second  lialfof  the  tenth  century;  other*  of  LlaoBadwm  and  Llangadwaladr ;  the 
rcftr  them  to  the  earlier  portion  of  the  latter,  in  his  opinion,  could  not  be  of  sD 
thirteenth  cootury,  the  days  of  Llewelyn  early  date  as  the  former.  He  pranted  to 
ap  lorwerth ;  and  the  Rev.  H.  Longnevllle  others  of  a  very  early  date  found  at  Pen- 
Jonts,  who  has  examined  the  ruins  care<  macbno,  preserved  Uuongh  the  exertions 
fully,  ciprcsses  an  opinion  that  they  ate  of  the  Prccident  (Hr.  C.  Wynne)  and  hia 
of  an  early  date.  The  beautiful  round'  family.  One  of  them  bad  the  Greek  mo- 
headed  doorway  in  the  south  wall  may  nograiD,  and  the  following  inscription  :— 
have  been  constructed  in  the  thirteenth  oiuvbttB 
century,  when  the  monastery  was  re-eu< 
dotveil,  and  the  buildings  very  probably 
improved  and  enlarged.  Whatever  may 
lu  its  eiBct  date,  I'enmon  is  one  of  the 

moat  interestine  examples  existinir  of  an  .,  .   ,  , 

I      I-       I.       ^       t.         .  -       .7.      ^.-  this  heap  of  atones,    that  IS,  in  a  carncud. 

early  church.    Tho  chancel  is  of  the  fif-  ,,  ^  .  ^     .,    w 

....  ,  .  .  .  it   was  rescued  hv  VLr.  Wynne,  but  was 

teenth  century,   aud    contains  a  water-         „  ,  .    „  .      ,         .     

,.,„.,  ,,  .,  well  known  to  Pennant,  who  met  with  it  lu 

sluup  and  font  of  tho  same  date  is  the  -       -        „  ,.       .    „,    ..  -        ™ 

„     ,   .    ., ,.  ,        ,  going  from  Penmacbno  to  Ffestiniog.  TliB 

u,;ve.     3.  A  building,  now  a  farm-house,  ...  i.  j    ii.      r  n      ■        -        ■ 

..      ,.  ,i   .  .     .,u  .u    ■  ■  J  other  stone    had  the  following  inscrip- 

unitcs  the  south  transept  with  the  ivied  ,.,__ 
refectory ;  the  lintel  of  its  east  window  on 
the  south  side  is  of  the  shaft  of  an  exqui- 
site curly  British  cross.     3.  A  large  and  oonsobbimo  ICUIU 
curious    domical    pigeon-house,   probably  ItAQIBTiAT^^ 

built  enrly  in  the  sixtccntb  century,  stands  which  shewed  that  he  wM  •  Venedodaa 

near  the  church,  and  is  well  worth  inspect-  (Qwynedd)  dtiien.     The  last  word,  "Ma- 

ing.    A  cross  of  grcnt  beauty,  removed  gistrati,'  was  never  found  upon  any  other 

from  the  churchyard,  may  be  found  in  the  stones,  and  it  must  carry  them  back  to 

upper  part  of  'lie  Deer-park,  btlonging  to  a  very  early  period.    It  is  hoped,  now  that 

Sir  It.  ISuIkeley,  on   tho  hill  above   the  those  stones  are  going  to  be  placed  in  the 

church.  new  chnrch  at  Penmschno,  they  will  ba 

At  the  evening  meeliog,  Mr.  Cbarlei  banded  down  nniinpursd  fo  fatare  gm*- 


PIDVK. 

s  that  "Caranelus  lies  here  ij 


498 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Nov. 


rations.  He  (the  rev.  gentleman)  had 
himself  found  the  one  represented  on  the 
wall  some  few  weeks  ago  at  Spittal.  It 
commemorated  the  burial  of  a  man  and 
his  mother,  and  was  very  ancient.  The 
emblems  and  the  Christian  characters 
which  the  stones  bear  formed  a  very  im- 
portant  link  in  the  history  of  the  British 
Church,  and  established  its  independent 
existence,  not  by  theory,  but  by  facts.  He 
next  called  attention  to  the  Irish  Oghams 
found  upon  the  stones,  which  were  the 
work,  no  donbt,  of  Irishmen  who  came 
over  and  marked  those  they  met  with  in 
this  country.  He  hoped  that  some  Irish 
scholar  would  ere  long  come  over  to  deci- 
pher those  characters,  to  them  still  a  mys- 
tery. The  following  inscription  is  from  a 
lon^,  rounded  water  stone  along  the  pil- 
grim road  going  to  Bardsey  Island,  which 
Mr.  Westwood  thinks  is  of  a  late  period, 
but  which  he  (Mr.  Jones)  thought  was 
rather  early : — 

MEBACIVS 
PBB 
HIO 
lACIT. 

That  meant  "  Meracius  the  Presbyter  lies 
here."  He  next  came  to  the  famous  Fron- 
deg  stone,  in  Anglesey,  which  still,  he  was 
sorry  to  say,  served  as  a  gate-post,  and 
was  certainly  not  safe  in  that  position.  It 
bore   the  following   inscription:    vinnb- 

MAGLI,  FILIUS  CUUHI  CINI  EREXIT  HUNO 

liAFiDEM.  He  alluded  to  another  stone 
from  Pentrevoelas,  which  bore  a  very  early 
inscription,  commemorative,  some  say,  of 
Prince  Llewelyn;  which  might  be,  but  he 
thought  it  was  much  older.  However, 
the  inscription  could  not  be  read.  The  rev. 
gentleman  concluded  his  very  interest- 
ing and  instructive  address  by  impressing 
upon  the  minds  of  his  audience,  and  espe- 
cially those  concerned  in  the  restoration 
of  churches,  the  importance  of  preser\ing 
from  obliteration  such  ancient  monuments 
of  the  past  which  indicated  to  thrm  the 
early  national  history  of  the  country. 

The  President  desired  Mr.  Jones  to  ex- 
plain to  the  meeting  the  object  and  origin 
of  the  Irish  Oghams,  and  to  state  whether 
they  were  characters  peculiar  to  Ireland 
or  not. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones  siudhe  knew  nothing 
of  them  except  what  he  had  from  ProfeMor 
Graves.  In  a  MS.  preserved  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  it  was  stated  that  a  Nor- 
wegian rover  cut  them  upon  a  wooden 
sheath.  Some  said  they  were  pre-Chria- 
tian,  which  was  denied  by  others.  He 
had  not  come  himself  to  any  satisfactotj 
result.  He  also  remarked  that  their  ex- 
istence went  far  to  prove  the  communica- 
tion which  took  place  between  the  old 
Welsh  and  Irish  saints.  None  of  the 
stones  bearing  those  characters  are  found 
in  EnglMnd.  He  again  desired  to  impress 
upon  them  the  importance  of  preserving 
such  valuable  relics  of  ancient  history, 
which  were  generally  to  be  found  in 
churches,  at  the  south-east  angle  of  the 
chancel,  the  lintel  or  the  threshold  of  a 
door. 

Mr.  Wynne  (M.P.  for  Merioneth)  offered 
some  additional  observations  upon  the  in- 
cised stones  in  the  county  where  he  re- 
sided. 

The  Rev.  H.  Longtieville  Jones  said  that 
through  the  kindness  of  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls  a  portion  of  the  building  acoonnts 
appertaining  to  Beaumaris  Castle  had  been 
forwarded  to  them. 

The  meeting  then  terminated. 

Wednesday. 

A  visit  was  made  to  the  chief  primeval 
antiquities  of  Anglesey,  which  were  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  G.  T.  Clark  at  the  evening 
meeting.  He  commenced  his  account  by 
describing  the  sepulchral  chamber  at  a 
place  knov\n  and  called  in  the  map  as 
"Ogof,''  which  he  supposed  meant  a 
cave.  There  was  an  extremely  cnrions 
cromlech  here,  supposed  to  have  been 
placed  under  a  mound,  of  which  they  had 
a  complete  evidence  before  them.  With 
respect  to  the  details  of  it»  he  thought 
that  it  was  of  the  utmost  importance  that 
a  plan  or  a  survey  of  the  stones  should  be 
carefully  made.  It  appears  that  the 
owner  of  the  site,  when  the  mound  was 
taken  away,  enclosed  it,  and  planted  trees 
in  the  centre,  which  was  now  so  overgrown 
with  braiiibU  s,  that  it  was  with  consider- 
able difficulty  they  g^t  at  it.  He  recom- 
mended to  the  owner  a  better  mode  of 


I860.] 


Cambrian  Archcsological  Association. 


499 


preserving  that  interesting  spot  in  future. 
They   next    came    to    Portliamel,   Forth 
meiming  a  porch,  entrance,  or  a  strait — 
A'inel  suppot^ed  by  some  (he  did  not  pre- 
tend to  know  himself)  to  be  an  abbre- 
viation of  "  iEmilia  "     It  was  evidently 
a  place  of  defence,  and  the  site   shewed 
the  dwellings  of  the  renowned  and  ancient 
heroes  of  the  country.     From  there  they 
came  to  Brvnybeddau,  which  he  was  told 
meant  a  hill  or  a  ridge  of  graves;  and 
here  he  wished  to  direct  their  attention 
to  the  superiority  of  the  Celtic  topogra- 
phical nomenclatMre  over  that  of  any  other 
nation.     He  found  that  the  Welsh  names 
of  places  almost  invariably  described  ac- 
tions,  whilst  in    England  those   sort  of 
names  were  very  rare,  and  that  distinc* 
tion   was  a  very   important   one.     Then 
they   came  to   Castell   Idris,   which   was 
a  half-round  camp  formed  by  a  kind  of 
a   natural   precipice,   the  earthworks    of 
which   were   very  curious.     "Idris"  wai 
doubtless  a    name    of   a    departed    hero 
lost  from  the  annals  of  the  country.     But 
they   had   "Cader   Idris,"  in  Merioneth- 
shire, and  he  might  here  observe  that  there 
was  nothing   more  effectual  to  preserve 
the   names  of  their   worthies  for  future 
ages  than  to  carve  them  upon  the  moun- 
tains or   connect  them   with   the  rivers. 
Llanidan   Church   he   declared  to  be  m 
a  very  discreditable  state.     There  was  au 
old  font  within  it  which  ought  not  to  be 
rolling  about  in  the  manner  they  had  found 
it,  and  he  thought  that  by  an  outlay  of 
a  few  pounds  the  interior  would  be  much 
improved.     There   was    besidt-s  the  font 
a   very    curious    saint ;    who    that    per- 
sonage was  ought  to  be  the  subject  of 
future  research.     Having  visited  Hirgad 
and  Caerleb,  a  Roman  camp  of  an  oblong 
figure,  with  a  pretorium  in  the  middle, 
they  next  came  to  **  Cytiru'r  Gwyddelod," 
which  appeared  to  be  a  collection  of  Celtic 
huts,   and   upon    which   his  friend    Mr. 
Morgan   might  be  able  to  throw  much 
light;  also  to   a  cromlech,  or  rather  a 
chamber  where  there  was  no  mound.  They 
paid  a  visit  afterwards  to  the  incised  stoue 
at   Frohdeg,  which  had  been  so  ably  al- 
luded to  by  Mr.  Longuiville  Jones  on  the 
previous  evening,  and  he  corroborated  the 


statement  made  by  the  reverend  gentle- 
man that  the  stone  was  in  a  very  danger- 
ous position  indeed ;  it  should  be  imme- 
diately  replaced.     Mr.  Clark  again  re- 
curred to  the  church  spoken  of,  and  al- 
luded to  its  register,  written  in  Latin  in 
1666,  which  he  hoped  would  be  carefully 
preserved;  and  remarked  that  that  was 
a  fine  opportunity  for  the  Bishop  of  Ban- 
gor to  evince  the  same  careful  watch  over 
the  registry  of  his  diocese  as  he  did  over 
that  of  his  own  parish  when  Rector  of 
Merthyr  Tydfil.    At   Plas-Newydd   they 
inspected  the  tumulus  and  cromlech,  where 
important  discoveries  might  be  made  if  a 
miner  was  employed  to  open  the  cells  there 
and  see  where  the  passage  leads  to.    Mr. 
Clark  proceeded  to  shew  how  cromlechs 
could  be  placed,  and  insure  so  perfect 
a  level  in  such  a  position,  which  he  cUd  by 
an  illustration  of  the  means  adopted  in 
India  for  fixing  huge  monumental  struc- 
tures there,  and  concluded  his  interesting 
address  with  a  description  of  two  other 
(not  very  large)   cromlechs  near  to  the 
house  of  Plas-Newydd,  where  some  traces 
of  a  mound  were  seen. 
*    W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.,  M.P.,  (Merio- 
neth,)  spoke  of  the  exploration  carried  on 
under  his  superintendence  (by  the  kind 
permission  of  Lady  Willoughby  de  Broke, 
who  placed  some  labourers  at  his  service,) 
when  at  Plas-Newydd  some  two  years  ago. 
Having  got  as  fur  as  the  chamber,  .they 
came  to  a  very  large  stone,  which  evi- 
dently went  beyond  the  wall  at  the  end  of 
the  chamber.     Under  that  no  doubt  a 
cromlech  would  hive  been  foond;  but  bis 
time  being  short,    the  exploration    was 
abandoned.      The    hon.  gentleman  then 
alluded  to  the  cromlechs  which  were  to  be 
seen  in  the  Hundred  of  Ardadwy,  in  his 
own  county,  and  to  a  very  remarkable 
figure  on  the  top  of  one  stone  in  Dyffryn, 
a  rubbing  of  which  he  shewed  to  a  gentle- 
man who  had  considerable  experience  in 
that    kind    of  stones   in    the    Channel 
Islands,  and  to  another  competent  autho- 
rity in  his  own  county.    One  thought  il 
was  artificial ;  another  that  it  was  natural. 
It  was  worthy  of  note  that  the  cap-stones 
of  the  cromlechs  in  Merionethshire  were 
larger  than  those  in  Anglesey.    He  then 


500 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nov'. 


de8cri^>ed  the  Hcngwrt  Carneddna;  and 
concluded  his  observations  by  a  description 
of  a  thin  concentric  shield  in  his  possession, 
found  at  a  place  called  Gwerneinion. 

The  Rev.  E.  L.  Barnwell  closed  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  evening  by  reading  a  paper, 
of  the  time  of  James  I.,  on  the  Manners 
and  Customs  of  Anglesey. 

Thttbsdat. 
An  excursion  was  made  to  Bangor,  when 
Mr.  Kennedy  led  the  way  over  the  cathe- 
dral, and  pointed  out  alike  its  archi- 
tectural details  and  the  events  of  its 
hibtory  t — 

"  The  cathedral  church  is  dedicated  to 
St  Daniel,  by  whom  it  was  first  founded, 
about  the  year  525.  He  was  elected  the 
first  bishop  about  550,  (but  according  to 
Usher,  522,)  and  was  the  son  of  Dunawd 
Fyr,  or  Dinothus,  abbot  of  Bangor  Tscoyd, 
in  the  reign  of  Maelgwyn  Gwynedd,  Prince 
of  Wales,  who  was  the  founder  of  Penraon 
and  patron  of  Taliesin.  He  is  said  to  have 
bt-en  the  most  liberal  prince  of  his  time. 
Tlie  cathedral  was  destroyed  in  1071,  by 
tlie  Saxons,  but  was  rebuilt  by  King  John 
in  1212.  It  suflfered  greatly,  as  did  the 
cathidral  church  of  St.  Asaph,  in  the  wars 
l>etween  Henry  III.  and  the  Welsh  about 
1247.  During  the  rebellion  of  Owen 
Glyndwr  the  cathedral  was  destroyed  by 
fi -e,  A  D.  1402,  and  rebuilt  in  1492  by 
Bishop  Dermis,  or  Dennis,  temp.  Henry 
VII.  The  tower  and  nave  of  the  cathe- 
dral was  added  by  Bishop  Skeffington  in 
1532.  On  the  west  wall  of  the  tower 
is  the  following  inscription: — Thomas 
Skepfinoton  Episcopus  Bangorienses, 
hoc  campanilt!  et  hakc  eccle8iah 
fieri  pecit  anno  partus  vtroinis, 
Mccccc  XXXII.  The  tower  was  designed 
to  have  betm  carried  up  to  double  its  pre- 
sent height,  as  appears  by  tlie  thickness 
of  the  wall,  but  on  Bishop  Skeffiugton's 
di^ath,  his  executors  innne(iiately  roofed  it 
in  at  its  then  height,  thus  depriving  the 
edifice  of  its  intended  and  due  proportions. 
In  this  tower  were  hung  five  tuneable 
bells,  which  were  all  cast  at  the  expense 
of  Bishop  Lloyd.  The  heaviest  and  largest 
of  the  five  was  c^ist  the  last,  and  placed 
with  the  other  four;  it  weighed  about 
15  cwt.,  and  had  the  following  inscrip- 
tion:— *In  honorem  D.  O.  M.  Humphredus 
Lloyd,  Episcopus  Bangor,  dat  dicat  dcdi- 
cat  1687.*  On  the  other  four  was  this : — 
*ilumphre<lus  Lloyd,  Episcopus  Bangor, 
rei)aravit  1687.'  To  which  words  were 
added  on  the  treble: — 'Thomas  Roberts 


of  Salop,  cast  these  five.*  These  bells  wct# 
sold  by  Bishop  Bulkeley.  Owen  Gwynedd, 
a  valiant  Prince  of  Wales,  was  buried  here 
beneath  a  plain  arch  in  the  south  transept. 
Bishop  Skeffington's  heart  was  also  de* 
posited  here  in  1533;  but  his  body  was 
interred  at  Beaulieu,  of  which  monastery 
he  had  been  abbot.  The  interior  of  the 
edifice  was  fitted  up  in  the  time  of  the 
Very  Rev.  Dean  Warren,  assisted  by  the 
vicars,  A.D.  1824,  one  of  whom,  the  pre- 
sent venerable  Dean,  afforded  very  mate- 
rial assistance  in  procuring  the  necessary 
funds.  In  connection  with  this  work,  the 
stained  glass  (by  Evans  of  Shrewsbury) 
which  now  fills  the  east  window  was  put 
up,  the  expense  of  which  was  defrayed 
at  the  request  of  Dean  Cotton  out  of  sub- 
scriptions collected  to  present  him  with 
a  testimonial  on  his  preferment  to  the 
deanery.  In  the  year  1858  the  works  of 
the  new  oak  roof  over  the  choir  or  chancel 
were  completed  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  H.  Kennedy,  architect,  of  Bangor,  the 
timber  being  found  to  have  entirely  de- 
cayed. About  the  same  period  the  mag- 
nificent altar  cloth,  the  two  carved  oak 
chairs,  and  other  internal  furniture,  were 
presented  by  the  la'.e  excellent  Bishop 
Bethel.  We  are  told  it  is  intended  to 
carve  the  square  stone  corbels  supporting 
this  roof,  when  funds  can  be  obtained  for 
the  purpose.  The  organ  was  the  gift  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Lloyd.  Besides  the  cathedral 
church,  there  was  formerly  an  ancient 
parish  church,  which  stood  behind  the 
bishop's  palace,  about  400  yards  north- 
east of  the  cathedral  It  was  built  by 
King  Edgar  in  975,  and  was  called  Llan- 
fair  Edgar  Frenhin.  It  was  taken  down 
by  Bishop  Dermis,  or  Dennis,  in  the  time 
of  Henry  VII.,  and  with  the  materials 
a  portion  of  the  cathedral  was  repaired. 
The  ground-plan  of  the  cathedral  chnrch 
is  cruciform,  and  comprises  the  following : 
— a  nave,  138  ft.  long  and  25  ft.  wide  h^ 
tween  the  inside  of  the  arcades,  which  are 
8  ft.  thick  and  34  it.  high,— extending  to 
the  transept,  110  ft.  long  and  15  ft.  wide; 
the  north  and  south  widls  are  4  ft.  thick 
and  20  fb.  high;  north  and  soath  transepts^ 
each  84  ft.  long,  25  fb.  wide,  and  84  ft. 
high.  The  chcnr,  or  chanod,  is  55  ft. 
long,  27  ft.  wide,  and  84  fu  high,  the 
walls  being  3  ft.  6  in.  thick.  The  tower 
at  the  west  end  is  18  ft.  square^  and  61  ft. 
high.  The  pinnacles  are  7  ft.  6  in.  hi«rh. 
The  style  of  architecture  may  be  divided 
into  five  periods : — 

**  1st.  The  two  buttresses  and  the  cap 
of  a  third  pkced  in  the  centie  of  the 
south  gable  end  of  the  sonth  transepte 
may  be  said  to  be  of  the  Fint  Pointed^ 


18600 


Cambrian  Archcsological  Association. 


501 


or  Early  English  style;  perhaps  late  in 
tbis  style. 

"  2nd.  The  north  and  south  doorways  in 
the  aisles  of  the  nave,  the  western  arch 
opening  into  the  tower,  the  jambs  of  the 
north  and  sonth  windows  in  the  transepts 
up  to  the  springing  of  the  arches,  and  part 
of  a  pier  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
south  aisle  of  the  nave,  which  are  of 
Second  Pointed,  or  Decorated  character  in 
style. 

"3rd.  The  windows  in  the  north  and 
south  aisles,  which  are  said  to  have  been 
brought  from  the  ancient  parish  church 
by  Bishop  Dermis,  wh»ch  are  also  of  the 
Second  Pointed,  or  Decorated  style.  The 
tracery  of  these  windows  has  been  pre- 
served on  the  south  side,  all  but  in  one 
window,  while  in  the  north  side  only  one 
has  escaped  mutilation. 

"  4th.  The  large  east  window  and  the 
font  are  good  Third  Pointed,  or  Perpen- 
dicular, of  the  period  of  Henry  VII.,  and 
Bishop  Dermis,  or  Dennis*  work. 

"  5th.  The  work  of  Bishop  Skeffington, 
namely,  the  tower,  nave,  north  and  south 
aisles,  &o.,  is  of  inferior  design. 

"  The  most  interesting  monuments  are 
those  of  Oa'cu  Gwynedd  and  of  the 
several  bishc  ps  of  Bangor.' 


n 


The  party  then  proceeded  to  Plaa  Alcock, 
called  the  Archdeacon's  House,  and  referred 
to  in  Shakespeare,  the  noticeable  features 
of  which  were  the  chimney  stack  and  the 
stone  over  the  fireplace,  now  covered  with 
paper.  The  little  Gothic  doorway  on  the 
opposite  side  is  said  to  have  formed  part 
of  the  Archdeacon's  establishment. 

The  visitors  next  examined  some  ruing 
called  the  old  chapel;  two  good  Perpen- 
dicular windows  exist  there.  They  then 
visited  Peiirhyn  Castle,  the  mansion  of  the 
Hon.  CoL  E.  G.  Douglas  Pennant,  M.P., 
which  occupies  a  commanding  elevation, 
the  supposed  site  of  the  ancient  palace  of 
Koderic  Molwynog,  Prince  of  Wales.  Af- 
ter inspecting  the  brilliant  suite  of  apart- 
ments, and  partaking  of  luncheon,  the 
party  proceeded  to  Llandegai  Church, 
which  is  dedicated  to  St.  Tegai,  and  con- 
tains some  effigies  from  Llanfaes  Priory, 
and  a  mural  monument,  in  memory  of 
John  Williams,  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great 
Seal  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  and  Arch- 
bishop of  York  in  that  of  Charles  I.  He 
is  represented  in  episcopal  robes,  kneel- 
ing at  an  altar.  Thence  they  proceeded 
Geht.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


to  an  old  house  called  Cochwillan,  the 
birthplace  of  Archbishop  Williams.  The 
old  hall,  the  remains  of  a  large  pile,  is 
evidently  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and  one 
of  the  finest  specimens,  if  there  are  any 
to  compete,  in  North  Wales,  It  is  nearly 
in  its  original  state,  and  the  fireplace  still 
remains.  The  kitchen  and  offices  proba- 
bly fisrmed  a  kind  of  square,  but  none  of 
these  now  remain. 

At  the  evening  meeting,  James  Davies, 
Esq.,  of  Hereford,  read  a  paper  on  "  Paro- 
chial Churches  in  Herefordshire  dedicated 
to  Cambro-British  Saints,"  which  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  reading  of  a  paper  by  the 
Kev.  E.  L.  Barnwell,  written  by  Mons.  R. 
F.  LeMen,  upon  "Early  Breton  Anti- 
quities." 

On  Friday  a  select  party  started  from 
Bangor  to  examine  the  stone  dreles,  and 
ascend  the  summit  of  Penmaenmawr.  The 
name  Penmaenmawr  signifies  the  head 
or  end  of  the  great  stone  or  rock, — a  vast^ 
naked,  gloomy  rock,  presenting  towards 
the  sea  a  rugged  and  almost  perpendicular 
front,  its  height  above  sea-level  being 
1,545  feet.  On  the  summit  stands  Braich- 
y-Ddinas,  (or  Dinas  Penmaen,)  a  British 
fortified  post  of  extraordinary  strength, 
and  of  extent  suffident  to  afford  shelter  to 
20,000  men.  Within  the  innermost  en- 
dosure  is  a  well,  with  an  unfailing  supply 
of  pure  fresh  water.  This  is  deemed  the 
strongest  post  possessed  by  the  Britons  in 
the  district  of  Snowdon;  it  was,  indeed, 
impregnable.  About  a  mile  from  Braieh- 
y-Ddinas  is  T  Meini  Hirion,  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  relics  of  Druidical  timet. 
It  is  a  circle,  eighty  feet  in  diameter,  con- 
sisting of  ten  erect  stones,  endosed  by 
a  stone  wall ;  and  there  are,  besides,  seve- 
ral smaller  circles,  one  of  which  surrounds 
the  remains  of  a  cromlech.  This  tract  has 
certainly,  at  some  period,  been  much  in- 
habited, for  in  all  directions  may  be  dis- 
cerned the  remains  of  small  rude  buildings 
in  great  numbers.  Tradition  says  that 
a  sang^nary  battle  was  fought  here  be- 
tween the  Homans  and  Britons,  and  that 
the  cairns  were  raised  over  the  bodies  of 
the  Britons  who  were  slain. 

The  morning  of  Saturday  was  demoted 
to  a  final  meeting,  at  whidi  it  was  an<* 
nounced  that  the  Sodety  would  assemble 
at  Swansea  next  year. 

30 


502 


Antiquarian  and  literary  Intelligencer, 


[Not. 


SOMERSETSHIRE  ARCH^OLOGICAL  AND  NATURAL 

HISTORY  SOCIETY. 


Sept,  24.  This  Society  commenced  its 
twelfth  annual  meeting  at  Clevedon,  in  the 
Public  Hall,  the  museum  being  arranged 
in  a  smaller  room  below,  occupied  as  the 
offices  of  the  Board  of  Health,  and  which 
was  well  stored  with  articles  of  antiquarian 
interest. 

Among  the  gentlemen  who,  in  the  course 
of  the  day,  attended,  were  the  Right.  Hon. 
Lord  Talbot  do  Malahidc;  Sir  A.H.  Elton, 
Bart. ;  Hon.  P.  P.  Bouverie ;  R.  Neville 
(Qrenville,  Esq. ;  F.  H.  Dickenson,  Esq. ; 
W.  E.  Surtcea,  Esq.;  R.  A.  Kinglake, 
Esq. ;  R.  K.  M.  King,  Esq. ;  Colonel  Pin- 
ney,  M.P. ;  W.  F.  Pinney,  Esq.;  P.  Bou- 
verie, Esq. ;  T.  P.  Porch,  Esq. ;  G,  S.  Poole, 
Esq. ;  J.  H.  Parker,  Esq.;  E.  A.  Freeman, 
Esq.;  W.  F.  Elliot,  Esq.;  R.  Badcock, 
Esq. ;  Rev.  T.  Hugo,  M.A.,  F.S.A. ;  R(  v.  F. 
Warre;  Rev.  T.  Bliss;  Rev.  W.  Braiken- 
ridge ;  Rev.  F.  Browne ;  Rev.  H.  J.  Bar- 
nard ;  Dr.  Pope ;  Dr.  Falconer ;  Dr.  Wooil- 
forde ;  Dr.  Metford ;  Dr.  Kelly ;  Dr.  King ; 
W.  J.  Braikenridge,  Esq. ;  John  Batten, 
Esq.;  W.  W.  Monckton,  Esq.;  Messrs. 
Samuel  J.  Brown,  (London,)  Lloyd,  May- 
hew,  A.  A.  Clarke,  Parfitt,  (curator,)  &c. 

A  committee  meeting  was  held  in  the 
morning,  at  wliich  it  was  decided  to  hold 
the  next  meeting  at  Langport,  and  that 
the  President  for  the  year  (R.  Neville 
Grenville,  Esq.)  should  continue  in  office 
till  its  close. 

The  annual  general  meeting  was  held  at 
twelve  o'clock.  Mr.  Neville  Gkejtvilb 
having  taken  his  seat  as  Chairman,  said, 
that  in  opening  the  12th  meeting  of  that 
prosperous  Society,  ho  had  to  thank  them 
very  sincerely  for  the  honour  they  had 
done  him  in  placing  him  in  the  chair  on 
that  occasion.  When  he  looked  down  the 
list  of  his  predecessors,  and  when  ho 
looked  at  the  list  of  members  over  whom 
he  had  to  preside,  he  could  not  help 
thinking  that  they  had  descended  inter 
minora  Hdera  to  find  a  President.  The 
report,  he  was  glad  to  find,  was  of  a  most 
satisfactory  nature.  Of  course  the  Society 
wanted    money;    every  society   that  he 


ever  heard  of  did.  He  was  glad  to  see 
some  gleams  of  hope  of  that  great  deside- 
ratum being  realized,  which  had  occupied 
the  attention  of  the  Society  for  so  many 
years,  and  been  so  often  mentioned  by 
different  Presidents  and  in  different  re- 
ports,— the  obtaining  materials  for  a 
county  history  worthy  of  Somerset.  For 
his  own  part,  he  had  a  strong  notion  that 
the  proper  person  to  edit  that  very  desi- 
rable history  existed,  bnt  bad  not  yet 
come  forward.  All  the  Society  could  do 
was  to  assist  in  furnishing  materials,  for 
which,  if  they  would  put  their  shoulders 
to  the  wheel,  they  would  have  many  op- 
portunities. He  trusted  that,  as  Hotch- 
ings's  "  Dorsetshire"  was  being  brought 
forward  in  an  improved  and  valuable  form, 
so  Collinsou's  "  Somersetshire"  would  be 
brought  out  in  a  g^reatly  improved  and 
much  more  valuable  form.  In  order  to 
assist  in  obtaining  a  history,  it  was  most 
important  that  any  accounts  of  old  fami- 
lies in  the  county  with  heraldic  devices 
should  be  sent  to  the  museum  at  Taunton, 
for  nothing  was  more  interesting  than  the 
history  of  the  people  who  lived  in  thnso 
venerable  houses  of  which  Mr.  Parker 
would  give  a  description.  He  (Mr.  Parker) 
could  tell  nearly  everything  about  the 
designs,  conceits,  and  wishes  of  the  archi- 
tects and  builders  of  those  ancient  houses  ; 
but  when  he  came  to  the  interior,  there 
he  stopped,  and  could  say  but  little  more. 
They  knew,  from  the  habit  of  going  over 
those  magnificent  houses  which  were  pre- 
serve<l  throughout  the  land,  how  much  in- 
terested they  were  in  the  persons  who 
lived  in  them.  Very  little  was  known 
about  the  old  families  of  the  oountj ;  and 
it  had  often  struck  him  that  Somerset 
was  a  sort  of  standing  evidence  of  the 
vanity  of  those  who  «*  think  that  tbdr 
houses  shall  endure  for  ever,  thai  their 
dominions  shall  continue  from  generation 
to  generation,  and  call  their  lands  after 
their  own  names."  Where  wero  the  Rod- 
neys, of  Rodney  Stoke  ?  where  were  the 
Lytcs,  of  Lytes  Cary?  where  were  the 


I860.]       Somersetshire  Archaol  and  Nat,  Hist.  Society, 


503 


Fitzpaines,  of  Cary  Fitzpaine?  And 
where,  he  must  also  ask,  were  the  Ralphs, 
of  Brompton  Ralph,  and  the  Nevilles,  of 
Fifehead  Neville  ?  Bat  while  he  paused 
for  the  unsatisfactory  though  sentimental 
answer  which  echo  was  supposed  to  give, 
he  was  reminded  of  a  stanza  of  Byron's  :-^ 

"Wbere'sBrummeU?    Dished. 
Wbere*8  Long  Pole  Wellesley!    Diddled. 
Where's  Wbitbread,  Bomilly.!  Where's  George 
the  Third!" 

Still,  though  so  many  fEunilies  were  swept 
from  the  face  of  the  earth,  there  were  a 
fetv  men  of  the  coonty  who  ooold  give  a 
good  account  not  only  of  themselves,  but 
of  their  ancestors.  The  Warres  of  Hes- 
tercombe  must  have  been  men  of  valour 
and  renown,  and  their  descendant  had 
earned  for  himself  no  little  distinction. 
He  was  the  Garibaldi  of  their  excursions, 
and,  as  he  (the  Chairman)  trusted,  would 
take  the  present  excursionists  safely  into 
the  heart  of  the  country,  and,  without 
shedding  any  blood  in  the  conflict,  lead 
them  into  every  stronghold  of  antiquarian 
interest.  His  (Mr.  Warre's)  colleague, 
Mr.  Elliot,  had  kindly  lent  his  magpiificent 
illustrations  of  Somerset,  whidi  went  a 
g^reat  way  to  promote  a  good  county  his- 
tory, for  when  people  saw  views  of  the 
places  and  relics  that  existed,  it  made 
them  inclined  to  hear  something  about 
them.  He  could  not  help  reminding 
the  company  that  there  existed  in  the 
town  an  interesting  link  which  joined  the 
middle  ages  with  the  present,  for  the 
church  contained  the  honoured  ashes  of 
the  venerable  Hallam.  In  conclusion,  he 
could  only  reg^t,  as  they  had  elected  Jiim 
their  President,  that  he  could  not  do 
as  the  President  did  last  year,  bat»  iUe 
terrarum  mUU  prater  omnes  anguUu 
videt,  that  was,  as  some  persons  would 
explain  it,  his  "ancestral  halls," — or,  as 
others  would  say,  his  "humble  home,"— 
Butleigh,  was  not  within  reach  of  the 
excursionists;  otherwise  it  would  have 
given  him  great  pleasure  to  have  followed 
the  example  of  his  worthy  predecessor,  to 
have  given  them  a  sight  of  all  that  was 
interestiog  and  all  that  was  old  there,  not 
omitting  to  ask  them  to  discuss  a  Joint 
or  two  of  the  oldest  of  old  mntton^  snd 


to  broach  a  cask,  nata  meeum  eontule 
Manlio, 

The  Rev.  F.  Warre  then  read  the  An- 
nual Report. 

The  Rev.  T.  Hugo,  MJk.,  F.S.A.,  read 
a  paper  on  '^Mynchyn  Buckland  Pnarf 
and  Preceptoiy,"  ftom  which  we  make 
the  following  extracts : — 


<«i 


The  Priory  and  P^eceptory  of  Buck- 
land,  Mynchyn  BucklandC  or  Buckland 
SoKMTum,  was  one  of  the  Commanderies  of 
the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  and  it 
was  both  a  Priory  and  a  Preoeptory.  Thd 
latter  was  a  normal  example  of  a  Homi- 
tallers'  Commandery ;  the  former  was  uie 
sole  instance  in  the  kingdom  of  its  peca- 
liar  dass.  It  was  a  community  of  women, 
and  the  only  one  that  the  Order  pos- 
sessed. As  such  its  history  presents  us 
not  only  with  a  sul^jeet  of  the  greatest 
local  interest,  but  with  an  unique  chapter 
in  monastic  annals  at  large— one  of  which 
no  other  county  save  Somersetshire  can 
furnbh  an  example." 

After  some  remarks  on  the  founda- 
tion and  internal  economy  of  the  Order, 
Mr.  Hugo  gave  a  history  of  the  Prioiy, 
from  which  it  appeared  that  it  wag 
founded  about  the  year  1167,  by  Wil- 
liam de  Erlegh,  lord  of  the  manor  of 
Durston,  for  a  community  of  Augustine 
Canons.  A  number  of  years  afterwards 
these  Canons  were  removed  fhmi  their 
monastery  and  a  sentence  of  ontlawij 
passed  against  them.  The  house  wa^ 
given  by  Henry  the  Second  to  Gamer  of 
Nsples,  the  Prior  of  the  Hosjatal  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem  in  England.  It  was 
not  a  simple  transfer,  but  a  very  impor- 
tant stipiUation  was  introduced  Into  thsf 
grant  and  directed  to  be  folly  and  fkith- 
Ihlly  observed.  It  appeared  that  there 
were  a  few  nsters  bd»nginff  (o  the  Order, 
who  rended  at  several  olf  the  Commande- 
ries, Hamptone  near  Kyngestone^  Kere-. 
broke,  Swynfelde»  end  omet  places.  It 
was  ordered  and  agreed  to  that  these 
ladies  should  be  removed  from  their 
various  places  of  residence^  and  be  i^aoed 
in  one  common  and  oonventnal  home  a^ 
Bncland%  and  that  the  Order  should  have 
no  msterhood  bekmsing  to  it  in  Sngland,i 
save  and  except  in  this  house  alone.  This 
occurred  about  the  year  1180,  or  frooa' 
ten  to  fifteen  years  after  the  original 
fbundaUon.  After  tracing  the  history  of 
the  Priory  down  to  the  time  of  its  msso- 
lution,  in  1544  and  1646^  the  rev.  gentle* 
man  said : — ^"Various  remains  of  an  older 
structure  are  built  into  the  present  hrm 
boilings;  bat  none  that  I  notioed  dnring 


601 


Antiquarian  and  lAlerary  IntelHffeneer. 


[Not. 


a  carefol  examination  are  older  than  the 
»ixteenth  century,  and  accordingly  may 
never  have  formed  portions  of  the  monas- 
tic edifices.  There  is,  however,  one  soli- 
tary memorial  of  a  very  touching  charao- 
ter,  with  a  description  of  which  my  his- 
tory shall  conclude.  A  very  heantiful 
Lomhurdic  cross  occupied  the  centre,  and 
on  either  side  I  read  the  inscription, 
almost  as  sharply  defined  as  when  first 
engraved  upon  the  hard   surface,  ssoB 

▲LIBNOR  DE  AOTYlfS  OIT  ICY  DBL   AIMS 

SIT  MEBCi  AMEN.  The  letters  are  re- 
markably fiue,  and  the  whole  is  of  a  truly 
artistic  character.  This,  however,  we 
may  consider  its  least  interesting  pecu- 
liarity. It  is  eloquent  of  something  higher 
than  even  Christian  art,  how  noble  and 
beautiful  soever.  Who  Sister  Alienor  of 
Actune  was,  is  now,  I  fear,  beyond  the 
power  of  the  genealogist  to  discover  for  us 
and  declare.  But  this  ancient  gravestone, 
disinterred  from  its  long  night  of  centuries, 
has  once  more  made  the  world  acquainted 
with  her  name,  and  will  now,  through  her 
unworthy  remembrancer,  do  so  to  a  far 
wider  extent  than  it  ever  published  it 
before.  It  is  a  silent  and  yet  speaking 
witness  of  one  who  '  did  what  she  could' 
in  her  ancient  day;  who,  perhaps  amid 
much  to  discourage  and  distress  her, 
laboured  and  fainted  not  in  her  high 
resolve,  and  at  length,  when  human  toils 
were  over,  entered  into  that  rest  for 
which,  it  cannot  be  too  much  to  imagine, 
her  life  in  this  sacred  home  very  eminently 
tended  to  prepare  her." 

Mr.  Parker  then  delivered  an  address  on 
the  Domestic  Architecture  of  the  Middle 
Ages,  which  will  be  given  in  exienso  in 
our  next  Number. 

The  ExcimsioN. 

Soon  after  two  o'clock,  a  large  excursion- 
party  started  to  visit  some  of  the  places 
of  interest  in  the  neighbourhood.  The 
Rev.  T.  Bliss,  of  Clcvedon,  acted,  on  this 
and  the  succeeding  days,  as  conductor, 
Mr.  Parker  undertook  to  give  descriptions 
of  the  houses,  manorial  or  monastic,  that 
were  visited,  and  Mr.  Freeman  of  the 
churches.  The  explanation  of  camps  and 
earthworks  fell  to  that  indefatigable  ex- 
plorer of  those  ancient  remains,  the  Rev. 
F.  Warre. 

The  party  first  halted  at  Clevedon 
Court,  the  residence  of  Sir  A.  H.  Elton, 
Bart.,  and  Mr.  Parker  gave  a  description 
of  the  house. 


On  a  high  eminence,  oommanding  • 
most  extensive  and  beautiful  panorama  of 
land  and  sea,  is  situated  Cadbury  oamp. 
This  encampment  was  considered  by  the 
Rev.  F.  Warre  to  be  one  of  tbe  most  per- 
fect though  simple  spedmens  remaining 
of  the  Belgic  kind  of  British  earthworks. 
Without  entering  on  tbe  question  whether 
or  not  there  were  any  people  in  this  ooun- 
try  earlier  than  tbe  Celtic  oocnpatiooy 
though  probably  there  were^  it  was  known 
that  the  southern  part  of  the  island  was 
occupied  by  a  tribe  called  the  Loegri,  who 
were  cognate  with  tbe  Cymri  of  Wales. 
About  three  hundred  years  before  Christ 
there  came  Qaledin  (BdgsB)  horn  "the 
land  of  waters,"  supposed  to  be  the  mo«tb 
of  the  Elbe.  They  came  in  naked  ships, 
probably  boats  without  sails»  and  landed 
first  in  the  Isle  of  Wight^  where  they  were 
received  with  great  hospitality ;  but  they 
repaid  the  kindness  by  overrunning  a  great 
part  of  the  country,  their  frontier  extend- 
ing from  the  mouth  of  the  Parrett  to  that 
of  the  Axe.  Therefore  there  were  two 
distinct  races  occupying  the  eonntry  at  an 
early  date,  if  not  three.  There  was  • 
marked  difierence  in  the  camps;  in  some 
there  was  a  threefold  arrangement  of 
earthworks,  of  which  the  innermost  was 
the  most  strongly  fortified.  Theee^  he 
oonsideredy  were  aboriginal  encampments, 
of  which  Worle-hiU  was  an  example,  while 
the  present  was  a  Belgic  one.  He  wee 
confirmed  in  this  idea  by  the  feet  that  oo 
the  first  range  of  high  ground  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Parrett  and  Axe^  there 
was  a  series  of  works»  every  one  of  whiob 
was  of  tbe  primeval  type.  Nor  did  it  mili- 
tate against  it,  that  Worle-hiU  and  Dol- 
berry-hill  were  within  the  oonquered  terri- 
tory, for  probably  the  Belgn,  like  oibcsr  in- 
vading forces^  would  use  what  came  to  Qmw 
hand.  Mr.  Warre  expressed  regret  at  bar- 
ing heard  that  it  was  contemplated  to  de- 
stroy the  earthworks  at  Worie  bj  making 
a  road  over  the  hill,  and  said  thai  if  the 
object  was  to  increase  the  valne  of  the 
property,  the  Society  could  not  interfefei 
but  if  it  was  a  mere  fimpy,  be  treated  it 
would  not  be  carried  oat.  He  believed 
that  the  encampnient  on  Worie-hiU 
one  of  the  oldsst  ka  fiofope^  aad  bad 


I860.]      Somersetshire  ArcluBoL  and  Nat.  Hist,  Society. 


505 


son  to  think  it  was  earlier  than  that  at 
Dolberry.  He  then  pointed  out  marks  of 
a  trackway,  on  each  side  of  which  were 
hut  circles.  This  trackway,  he  explained, 
led  to  a  village  without  the  works,  and 
which  prohahly  arode  there  in  a  similar 
way  to  those  that  had  i^rung  up  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  castles. 

The  church  and  manor-house  at  Tick- 
euham  were  then  visited.  The  buildings 
form  a  highly  picturesque  group.  The 
square-headed  windows,  and  ancient  effi* 
gies  of  a  knight  and  lady  in  the  church, 
attracted  the  chief  attention.  The  manor- 
house  was  attributed  to  the  fitleenth  cen- 
tury. 

The  excursionists  then  returned,  and 
reached  Clevedon  at  about  six  o'clock, 
where  dinner  was  provided  at  the  Royal 
Hotel.  In  consequence  of  the  lateness  of 
the  hour  there  were  no  formal  toasts  pro- 
posed. 

The  Evening  Meeting. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  half -past  seven 
at  the  Public  Hall,  when,  after  a  few  re- 
marks from  the  President,  an  account  of 
the  excursion  was  rendered  by  Mr.  Free- 
man. 

Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide  desired  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  the  flint  knives,  called 
cave  knives,  exhibited  in  the  Museum  to- 
day. Were  they  found  in  the  same  caves 
with  the  remains  of  the  extinct  animals, 
and  could  there  be  any  idea  given  as  to 
the  date  of  both  ? 

The  Kev.  F.  Warre  said  that  these 
knives  were  found  mixed  among  the  rub- 
ble of  the  hut  circles  on  Worle-hill.  He 
had  found  similar  ones  on  the  Quantock 
hills.  At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Dickenson, 
Mr.  Warre  gave  an  account  of  the  remains 
he  had  found  in  the  hut  circles.  There 
were  at  the  top  six  to  eight  inches  of  sur- 
face mould,  after  which  he  came  to  rubble 
from  the  hill,  then  to  skeletons,  bearing 
marks  of  extreme  violence,  and  apparently 
of  two  different  races, — one  a  gigantic 
race,  with  skull  presenting  the  most  un- 
civilized appearance,  the  other  smaller  and 
more  advanced.  With  them  were  found 
iron  weapons.  Under  those  skeletons  and 
weapons  was  another  deposit,  from  fonr  to 


to  six  feet,  then  a  layer  of  black  earth, 
with  burnt  sticks,  and  little  stores  of  gnin 
of  different  kinds^  curious  glass  beads,  and 
fragments  of  an  exceedingly  early  period. 
He  conceived  that  the  burnt  remains  were 
to  be  attributed  to  the  time  of  Ostorius, 
who  probably  destroyed  the  place,  but  did 
not  occupy  it.  A  deposit  of  rubble  then 
took  place,  and  when  Ceaulin  overran  the 
country,  a  fierce  conflict  most  probably 
took  place,  in  which  the  Britons  were  de- 
feated, and  some  of  the  killed  were  left  in 
the  places  where  he  had  found  the  skele* 
tons.  He  had  also  found  the  bones  of 
animals  now  extinct. 

The  Rev.  F.  Browne  enquired  whether 
Mr.  Warre  thought  the  flint  knives  were 
of  the  same  date  as  the  extinct  animab  ? 

The  Rev.  F.  Warre  said  he  thought 
they  were  not.  He  had  no  doubt  they 
were  used  by  the  early  inhabitants  of  the 
country,  but  he  had  seen  so  much  of  the 
power  of  water  in  carrying  things  down 
from  the  surface  by  drift,  that  he  was  in- 
clined to  think  they  were  washed  down  iu 
that  way. 

Lord  Talbot  de  MaUhide  said  he  had 
a  very  curious  flint  knife  in  his  possession 
which  was  found  in  the  bed  of  a  river  in 
Ireland,  and  there  was  a  piece  of  moss 
wrapped  around  it  as  a  handle.  It  wa« 
remarkable  that  it  should  have  been  so 
perfectly  preserved,  but  he  saw  no  reason 
to  suppose  it  was  of  so  early  a  date  as  had 
been  ascribed  to  these  implements.  He 
had  two  flint  arrow-heads  which  were 
found  on  the  field  of  Marathon,  and  were 
probably  used  on  the  side  of  the  Persians 
at  the  battle  of  Marathon. 

In  the  course  of  some  further  conver- 
sation, the  Rev.  F.  Warre  expressed  the 
opinion  that  the  fortifications  at  Worle 
were  probably  constructed  with  the  aid  of 
Phcenician  engineers,  and  remarked  that 
the  works  surrounding  the  dty  of  Car- 
thage were  on  a  precisely  similar  plan. 
He  did  not  suppose  that  the  flint  knives 
belonged  to  the  people  resident  in  the 
camp,  for  he  found  them  mixed  up  with 
the  earth,  and  not  with  the  other  remains 
in  the  huts.  Probably  they  belonged  to 
a  ruder  race. 

Extracts  were  then  read  from  a  paper 


506 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer » 


[Not. 


by  the  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth,  on  the  sub- 
ject of  ancient  sculptured  stones,  parti- 
cularly those  recorded  to  have  stood  in 
the  cemetery  of  the  Abbey  at  Glastonbury. 
The  paper  soggest^  the  desirability  of 
bringing  together  all  the  engravings  of 
sculptured  stones  that  had  been  published, 
and  issuing  them  in  a  well  edited  volume. 

Mr.  Dickenson  suggested  that  this  paper 
should  be  referred  to  Dr.  Guest,  or  some 
other  gentleman  who  was  an  authority  on 
the  subject.  He  should  like  to  see  it  pub- 
lished with  a  copious  commentary. 

The  Kev.  F.  Warre  said  he  would  write 
to  Mr.  Scarth,  and  request  his  permission 
to  adopt  that  course. 

Tfesdat. 

In  accordance  with  the  custom  adopted 
by  the  Society,  Tuesday  was  devoted  to 
an  excursion.  A  large  party  started  at 
ten  o'clock.  The  road  lay  through  a  very 
beautiful  country,  with  charming  green 
lanes,  in  many  places  overshadowed  with 
trees.  The  villnge  of  Walton -in-Gordano 
was  the  first  at  which  the  cavalcade  pulled 
up.  Walton  Castle  was  pronounced  by 
Mr.  Parker  to  be  a  house  of  the  time  of 
James  I.  or  Chnrlcs  I.,  built  in  the  me- 
diaeval style.  The  ruins  of  the  old  chnrch 
are  of  the  period  of  Richard  II.  The  font 
was  removed  from  it  to  the  new  edifice, 
which  also  has  the  old  porch  rc-erected. 
Not  far  distant  is  Weston-in-Gordano, 
where  the  Rev.  W.  Hautenville  read  an 
account  of  the  Percival  family,  by  whom 
the  church  was  founded.  The  Rev.  F. 
I^rowiic  also  gave  some  particulars  of  se- 
veral of  the  more  distinguished  members 
of  the  same  family.  This  church  has  been 
very  beautifully  restored.  Mr.  Freeman 
expressed  great  delight  at  the  manner  in 
which  the  work  has  beeu  carried  out. 
Usually,  he  said,  when  a  church  was  re- 
stored, it  was  meant  that  it  was  pulled 
down,  but  here  it  had  been  repaired  with- 
out destroying  one  ancient  feature.  The 
church  contains  a  monument  to  the  Per- 
civals,  which  Mr.  Freeman  said  was  the 
latest  instance  he  knew  of  a  French  in- 
scription on  a  monument  in  England,  the 
date  being  1483.  The  Rev.  F.  Warre  re- 
marked that  at  Hiuton  St.  George  there 


was  a  monument  to  Sir  Amias  Panlett^ 
which  was  a  century  later,  and  had  an 
inscription  in  French.  A  curious  gallery 
over  the  doorway  in  the  porch  waa  the 
subject  of  much  speculation.  Above  it 
was  a  niche,  and  a  passage  made  in  the 
wall  led  to  it.  Mr.  Freeman  thooght  that 
the  niche  was  probably  formerly  oocapied 
by  some  saint  held  in  local  veneration,  and 
the  gallery  was  placed  there  to  accommo- 
date worshippers.  Mr.  Fkrker  thought 
this  scarcely  likely,  as  in  such  cases  there 
was  usually  a  passage  both  ways,  so  that 
persons  might  go  up  one  side  and  oome 
down  the  other.  Remains  of  a  similar 
gallery  in  the  porch  were  afterwardi 
found  in  other  churches,  and  it  was  con- 
sidered a  local  custom ;  according  to  the 
tradition  of  the  county,  it  was  used  fbr 
singing  or  chanting  a  part  of  the  ser- 
vice on  certain  occasions,  as  at  weddings. 
Such  a  gallery  is  quite  distinct  from 
the  usual  room  over  the  porch,  erro- 
neously called  the  parvise.  Weston  once 
had  a  manor-house,  but  it  has  entirely 
disappeared.  The  remains  of  an  old  build- 
ing still  in  existence  were  pronounced  by 
Mr.  Parker  to  be  part  of  a  bam  of  the 
fifteenth  century. 

At  Portishead  also  the  church  has  un- 
dergone renovation.  The  Perpendicalar 
tower  was  the  chief  object  of  attention, 
and  the  east  window  was  pointed  out  at 
a  good  example  of  the  transition  from  the 
flowing  to  the  geometric  style.  Mr.  Free- 
man said  he  should  place  the  tower  very 
high,  if  it  had  any  "growth"  in  its  ar- 
rangement. The  stages  ought  to  increase 
in  elegance  and  richness,  from  a  plain  and 
solid  lower  story,  to  a  light  and  rich  belfry 
story.  The  tower  that  people  admired 
most,  that  of  St.  Mary's  at  Taunton,  he 
(Mr.  Freeman)  placed  very  low  down,  for 
it  had  a  series  of  stages  all  equally  rich, 
and  any  one  of  which  might  be  taken 
away  without  destroying  the  design.  Thia 
tower  had  a  fault  of  a  very  dmHar  kind. 
The  manor-house  at  Portishead  waa  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Parker  as  bdng  of  the 
dat^  of  Henry  VIII.,  with  a  turret  in  the 
Elizabethan  fashion, — a  very  good  eiampla 
of  the  period. 

Portbury  Church  fbrmed  the  ntit 


I860.]       Somersetshire  Archtsol.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Society. 


507 


in  the  programme.  The  churchyard  con- 
tains two  nohle  yew-trees,  said  to  be  as  old 
as  the  edifice  itself.  At  the  foot  of  one  of 
them,  a  former  parish  officer  has  im- 
mortalised himself  by  the  inscription, 
"  Francis  Bevan,  Churchwam,  1733."  The 
church  contains  memorials  of  the  Berkeley 
family,  by  whom  it  was  built,  and  was 
suid  to  have  some  points  of  resemblance 
to  the  church  at  Berkeley.  Its  chief 
characteristic  is  its  great  width,  and  a  sin- 
gular appearance  is  caused  by  the  chancel- 
arch  having  in  some  of  the  alterations 
been  thrown  askew.  The  foundations  and 
the  lower  part  of  the  walls  are  Norman. 
It  has  a  Norman  doorway,  and  several  win- 
dows of  the  Decorated  style.  The  beautiful 
sedilia  of  the  thirteenth  century  were  much 
admired.  The  Priory  at  Portbury  is  a  mere 
ruin,  consisting  of  four  bare  walls.  Mr. 
Parker  conceived  the  part  remaining  to 
have  been  the  prior's  house,  but  whether 
there  were  any  extensive  buildings  beside 
it  was  impossible  to  say.  The  date  was 
that  of  Henry  VII.  The  Rev.  T.  Hugo 
said  the  house  was  one  of  St.  John  of  Je- 
rusalem, and  was  only  required  to  accom- 
modate two  or  three  monks.  Portbury 
camp  was  then  examined.  The  Rev.  F. 
Warre  pointed  out  the  entrance  to  it, 
between  two  circular  earthworks,  from 
which  a  path  appeared  to  have  led  to  the 
top  of  the  hill,  which  is  surrounded  by 
an  earthwork.  The  rev.  gentleman  consi- 
dered it  to  be  intended  merely  for  the 
protection  of  cattle.  In  a  marshy  district, 
where  the  land  was  sometimes  overflowed, 
it  was  necessary  to  have  places  where  the 
flocks  might  be  driven,  and  the  fortifica- 
tions were  just  such  as  to  prevent  the 
herds  and  herdsmen  from  sudden  attack. 
The  largest  work  of  this  kind  he  had  seen 
was  Brent  Knoll. 

lliere  is  an  exceedingly  picturesque  and 
interesting  church  at  Clapton.  The  piers 
are  Perpendicular,  with  foliated  capitals, — 
a  circumstance  which  led  Mr.  Freeman  to 
remark  that  he  saw  no  reason  why  modem 
architects  should  not,  with  the  grand  out- 
line of  the  Somerset  Perpendicular,  adopt 
also  the  ornament  of  the  foliated  capital. 
The  church  has  a  quaint-looking  monu- 
ment of  the  Arthur  family,  the  inscription 


on  which  is  singular,  from  the  omission  of 
the  surname : — "  Here  layeth  the  body  of 
Kdmund,  son  of  Henry,  Elsq.,  who  departed 
this  life  November  ye  25,  anno  1672." 
The  bench-ends  were  considered  to  be 
of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  Mr.  Parker 
characterised  them  as  some  of  the  earliest 
in  England.  These  bench-ends  it  was 
proposed  to  remove,  in  a  contemplated 
restoration ;  but  from  the  strong  opinion 
expressed  on  the  subject,  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  visit  of  the  Society  will  be  the 
means  of  their  preservatiou.  On  visiting 
Clapton  Manor-house,  the  excursionists 
were  not  a  little  surprised  to  find  a  beau- 
tiful screen — one  of  the  most  remarkable, 
Mr.  Parker  said,  in  the  county— left  ex- 
posed to  the  weather.  It  is  fixed  in  a  sort 
of  sham  door-way,  but  does  not  open,  and 
answers  no  purpose  whatever.  The  screen 
was  formerly  placed  between  the  hall  and 
the  servants'  offices.  It  is  beautifully 
carved,  and  probably  of  the  time  of  Ed- 
ward I.  or  II.  The  front  of  the  man- 
sion has  the  arms  of  the  Arthurs  and 
Berkeleys  impaled  over  the  entrance, 
which  gives  the  date  of  1442,  but  the  in- 
terior is  thoroughly  modernized.  There  is 
also  a  gate-house,  of  the  time  of  James  I. 

After  leaving  this  place  the  party  re- 
turned to  Clevedon,  where  a  cold  collation 
awaited  them  at  the  Royal  Hotel. 

A  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  even* 
ing,  at  which  Mr.  Dickenson,  Mr.  Free- 
man, Mr.  Parker,  and  the  Rev.  P.  Warre, 
severally  g^ve  an  account  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  day.  Mr.  Freeman  mentioned 
that  at  Walton  the  clergyman  had  placed 
a  notice  in  the  church  to  the  effiict  that 
the  initials  "I.  H. S."  meant  "Je^us  the 
Saviour  of  Men,"  (Jesua  HonUnitm  Sal* 
vator).  This  was  a  mistake ;  the  letters 
should  be  "  I.  H.  C,"  and  were  a  contrac- 
tion of  the  Greek  name  "Jesus."  The 
Greeks  sometimes  changed  their  8  into  C, 

The  Rev.  F.  Browne  gave  some  me- 
morials of  the  fiunily  of  Gorges,  and  an 
outline  of  the  history  of  Nailsea  Court. 
This  court  was  once  occupied  by  the  no- 
torious Major  Wade,  who  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Monmouth  rebellion,  and 
proved  a  false  friend  to  his  associates. 
Capt.   Rogers,   a  relative  of  this  M"iar 


608 


Antiqtutrian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nor. 


Wade,  captured  a  Spanish  vessel  contain- 
ing 500  bales  of  Pope's  bulls,  each  bale 
containing  sixteen  reams,  intended  for 
South  America.  The  same  person  brought 
Alexander  Selkirk  from  Juan  Fernandez. 
The  rev.  gentleman  read  some  very  cu- 
rious extracts  from  the  Nailsea  vestry- 
books.  One  was  in  1792,  and  related  to 
a  payment  by  the  minister  "  to  the  viper 
woman  for  making  a  child  on  John 
Lovell,  at  a  guinea  a-week."  This  entry 
was  long  a  source  of  difficulty  to  him; 
but  in  1852  he  found  it  stated  in  "  Notes 
and  Queries"  that  Pliny,  Oalen,  and  other 
ancients  attached  medicinal  properties  to 
the  flesh  of  vipers.  In  Madame  de 
Sevign^'s  letters  there  occurred  an  order 
for  ten  dozen  vipers,  two  to  be  taken  each 
day.  He  supposed  that  the  woman  had 
made  viper-broth,  and  given  it  to  Lovell's 
child.  In  1715  there  was  entered  Is.  for 
leather  for  the  bell,  and  the  head  of  an 
"  oter ;"  but  in  another  place  the  church- 
wardens spelt  it  "  the  head  of  an  author." 
The  same  year  there  was  an  entry,  "  Paid 
Dr.  Lovell  for  a  whip  for  the  church,  2d,** 
**  Paid  Dr.  Lovell  for  whipping  dogs  at 
church,  31  weeks  1*.  9<i."  It  puzzled 
him  to  think  who  this  unfortunate  medical 
man  could  be  that  whs  paid  la.  9d.  for 
whipping  dogs  31  weeks;  but  on  the 
next  page  he  found — **  Paid  Dr.  Lovell 
for  mending  Catherine  Poole's  shoes,  2d.*' 
The  last  entry  was  perhaps  the  most  un- 
fortunate, as  it  was  for  whipping  the 
vagrants, — "Paid  John  Tucker  for  en- 
tertaining those  that  looked  after  two 
vagrants  till  they  could  be  whipped, 
3*.  2d.*' 

Mr.  Freeman  remarked  that  viper- 
broth  was  in  use  within  his  remembrance, 
and  that  the  office  of  dog-whipper  was  an 
ancient  one  in  cathedrals. 

Mr.  Dickenson  enquired  of  Lord  Talbot 
de  Malahide  whether  it  was  correct  that 
an  Act  of  Parliament  had  been  passed  in 
reference  to  treasure  trove. 

Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide  said  that  he 
bad  a  bill  prepared  and  laid  upon  tlie 
table  of  the  House  of  Lords;  but  he 
found  the  difficulties  were  so  great  that 
there  was  no  prospect  of  its  passing.  Some 
of  the  difficulties  were  technical,  and  were 
7 


of  a  very  ridicoloos  kird,  but  it  appeared 
that,  in  order  to  a  bill  being  passed,  it 
must  originate  in  the  House  of  Commons. 
The  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  Scotland 
had  prevailed  on  the  Government  to  offiT 
to  pay  the  full  value  for  all  articles  ot  the 
kind  found  in  that  country ;  and  he  (Lord 
Talbot)  memorialized  the  Treasury  to 
adopt  a  similar  practice  in  England  and 
Ireland.  He  had  information  to  shew 
that  this  had  been  done  in  Ireland,  and 
there  was  reason  to  believe  that  the  ar- 
rangements were  nearly  completed  in 
England;  but  he  must  confess  that  the 
difficulty  of  getting  anything  like  an 
answer  from  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ezche- 
qner  was  such  as  he  could  not  have  con- 
ceived, and  he  bad  scarcely  been  treated 
with  courtesy.  The  law  of  Scotland  was 
different  from  that  of  England.  In  Scot- 
land everything  that  was  found  in  the 
earth  belonged  to  the  Crown ;  in  England 
only  articles  of  the  precious  metals ;  and 
in  some  instances  the  Crown  had  waived 
its  privileges,  and  given  them  to  private 
individuals.  Hence  the  difficulty  of  pass- 
ing an  Act,  in  which  the  righta  of  all 
these  persons  would  be  involved. 

Wbdotwday. 

Another  excursion  took  place  this  day. 
The  route  commenced  with  Nailsea,  where 
there  is  a  small  15th-century  church  with 
a  good  tower,  and  a  manor-house  chiefly 
of  the  time  of  EHizabeth,  with  an  earlier 
part,  of  the  reig^  of  Henry  VIII.  Some 
of  the  rooms  are  handsomely  panelled,  and 
in  one  of  them  the  arms  of  the  Cole  family 
are  carved  above  the  mantel -piece. 

At  a  short  distance  from  Nailsea  is 
Chelvey.  The  church  of  this  parish  liaa 
memorials  of  the  Aish  and  Tynte  families. 
One  of  the  latter  is  an  incised  sUb  of  the 
thirteenth  century  —  a  mode  which  Mr. 
Parker  stated  is  common  in  France,  bot 
very  rare  in  England,  where  braaset  are 
generally  used.  The  doorway  is  Norman, 
and  there  are  some  thiiteenth-centurj 
windows.  There  is  a  place  in  the  pnlptt  for 
an  hour-glass.  Chelvey  Court  is  a  mannoa 
of  the  reign  of  James  L  It  has  a  fine 
illuminated  and  gilt  mantel-piece^  a  noble 
staircase,  and  several  panelled  rooma.  The 


I860.]      Somersetshire  ArchaoL  and  Nat.  Hist.  Society.  509 


house  contains  a  secret  chamber,  probably 
intended  for  the  conceahnent  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  priest.  It  was  built  by  an  an- 
cestor of  the  Tynte  family,  to  whom  the 
estate  belongs. 

The  party  next  drove  towards  Brockley 
Combe,  and  passed  up  that  fine  and  ro- 
mantle  defile.  Tlie  sides  are  deeply 
wooded,  and  high  limestone  rocks  ap- 
pear  above  and  between  the  foliage.  The 
loftiest  of  these  rocks  reaches  a  height  of 
300  feet.  But  few  spots  are  there  in 
Somerset  exhibiting  a  more  wild  and 
varied  beauty.  Descending  firom  Broad- 
hill-down,  and  passing  close  to  Barley- 
lodge,  once  the  residence  of  Hannah  More, 
the  vehicles  next  pulled  up  at  Wrington. 
The  house  in  which  Locke  was  born  ad- 
joins the  churchyard.  The  church  is 
really  a  noble  edifice.  The  lofty  nave, 
with  its  clustered  pillars  and  foliated  capi- 
tals, the  shafts  carried  up  and  supporting 
angels  with  shields,  the  fine  Perpendi- 
cular windows  and  clerestory,  present  a  pic- 
ture rarely  equalled  in  parochial  churches. 
The  chancel  is  small,  and  in  the  Deco- 
rated style.  Mr.  Freenmn  pointed  out 
that,  in  consequence  of  its  being  retained 
when  the  other  part  of  the  church  was  re- 
built, the  builders  had  been  somewhat 
hampered  in  regard  to  length.  The  nave 
would  have  been  much  finer  had  there 
been  six  bays  instead  of  four.  Aa  it  was, 
the  nuve  of  Martock  church  was  grander, 
having  greater  length  and  richness.  Mar- 
tock Church  had  also  some  elaborate  work 
in  the  spandrils,  which  was  missing  here ; 
and  the  lower  part  was  of  extraordinary 
splendour,  though  the  clerestory  was  not 
equal  to  it.  Still  this  was  one  of  the  best 
and  purest  specimens  of  Perpendicular 
Somersetshire  architecture.  The  tower 
Mr.  Freeman  considered  to  be  the  finest 
parochial  western  tower  without  a  spire 
in  England — therefore,  probably,  in  the 
world.  He,  however,  corrected  a  state- 
ment that  had  been  made, — that  he  had 
said  it  was  the  finest  tower  in  the  world. 
That  was  not  the  fact,  for  he  did  not  com- 
pare it  with  towers  of  totally  another  de- 
scription, or  with  those  of  cathedrals  and 
abbeys. 

Leaving   Wrington,   Congresbury  was 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


soon  reached;  and  here  also  is  a  large 
church,  but  one  of  a  different  character. 
The  tower  is  surmounted  by  a  spire.  The 
pillars  of  the  south  aisle  are  Early  English, 
and  are  surrounded  by  detached  shafts, 
while  the  opposite  aisle  is  Decorated.  This 
peculiarity  gives  a  singular  appearance  to 
the  church.  The  detached  shafts  were 
added  in  the  course  of  restoration.  Mr. 
Freeman  remarked  that  they  were  not 
there  when  he  last  saw  the  church,  but 
there  was  no  doubt  that  they  origpnallj 
existed,  as  the  bases  were  there.  The 
clerestory  is  early  Perpendicular.  The 
manor-house  is  a  building  of  the  date  of 
about  1470,  and  has  on  its  front  a  re- 
markably rich  ornament  in  imitation  of 
the  tooth  ornament  of  the  thirteenth  een- 
tury,  but  with  the  arms  of  Pope,  one  of 
the  executors  of  Bishop  Beckington. 

At  Yatton,  where  the  excursion  ter- 
minated, the  fine  church  met  with  great 
admhration.  Mr.  Freeman  considered  it 
not  quite  equal  to  that  at  Wrington, 
though  it  had  much  in  common  with  it. 
The  western  front  he  especially  com 
mended ;  and  compared  it  to  that  of  Crew- 
kerne  Church.  The  sacred  structure  is 
cruciform  in  shape ;  the  nave  is  lofty  and 
spacious,  with  elegant  clurtered  pillars, 
similar  to  those  at  Wrington,  and  shafts 
carried  up  to  support  the  roof.  The  chan- 
cel and  transepts  are  earlier  Perpendicular, 
but  the  south  transept  has  a  Decorated 
window.  The  tower  is  surmounted  by  an 
unfinished  spire;  a  feature  not  unusual, 
Mr.  Freeman  said,  in  this  cUstrict,  but  ex- 
ceedingly rare  in  those  parts  of  the  coun- 
try were  spires  were  numerous.  In  North- 
amptonshire, where  there  were  so  many 
spires,  he  only  knew  of  one  incomplete, 
and  that  was  at  Naseby,  and  was  said  by 
the  people  to  have  been  broken  during  the 
famous  battle.  Near  the  church  is  a  g^ood 
house  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  exterior 
perfect,  with  the  interior  modernized. 

The  party  having  left  the  church, 
thanks  were  voted  to  the  local  Secretary 
(Rev.  T.  Bliss),  to  Mr.  Parker  and  Mr. 
Freeman,  to  the  ladies  for  their  company, 
and  to  the  President  for  presiding.  The 
proceedings  of  this  very  gratifying  and 
successful  anniversary  then  terminated. 

8f 


510 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nov. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE  ARCHITECTURAL  SOCIETY. 


Sept.  11.  The  annual  meeting  was 
held  in  the  school-rooms  of  St.  Sepulchre, 
Northampton,  the  Matob  in  the  chair. 
The  proceedings  commenced  hy  Lord 
Henley  laying  the  foundation-stone  of  the 
new  buildings  connected  with  the  restora- 
tion and  enlargement  of  the  very  remark- 
able  Round  Church,  after  which  the  Re- 
port of  the  Society  was  read  by  the  Rev. 
T.  James.  After  alluding  to  the  immediate 
0(  ca-'ion  of  the  meeting,  it  proceeded :  •■ — 

"Of  new  and  restored  churches  which 
have  come  under  the  consideration  of  our 
committee  since  our  last  meeting,  in  Oc- 
tober, 1859,  are  the  designs  for  the  new 
chapel  at  Catesby,  by  Mr.  W.  Gillett ;  for 
the  new  aisle  of  Tiffield,  built  for  Lord 
Southampton,  by  Mr.  Law;  for  the  re- 
storation of  Owston  Church,  Leicestershire, 
by  Mr.  Goddard;  the  enlargement  and 
reseating  of  Uppingham  Church,  by  Mr. 
Pearson ;  the  rebuilding  of  Gilmorton 
Church,  by  Mr.  W.  Smith  ;  the  reseating 
of  the  nave  of  Wellingborough  Church,  by 
Mr.  Law ;  for  a  new  church  of  brick,  at 
Leicester,  by  Mr.  Scott;  the  restoration 
of  Ketton  Church,  by  the  same  architect ; 
the  rebuilding  of  Sutton  Basset  Church, 
by  Mr.  Goddard ;  the  restoration  of  Rib- 
wort h  chancel,  by  Mr.  Slater  ;  lor  the 
new  Training  College  of  Peterborough, 
by  Mr.  Scott,  (the  building  of  which  is  for 
the  present  postponed) ;  for  a  new  girls' 
school  at  Weedon,  by  Mr.  Law ;  new 
National  School  at  Islip,  by  Mr.  Slater; 
and  for  additions  to  the  school  at  Holy- 
well. Sub-committees  have  visited  the 
churches  of  Stoke  Bnieme  and  Raunds, 
with  a  view  to  projected  improvements, 
and  1  am  happy  to  be  able  to  announce 
to-day  that  the  church  of  Horton  is  about 
to  be  placed  for  restoration  in  the  hands 
of  your  chairman 

"In  every  case  the  principles  of  cor- 
rect church  arrangement  have  been  recog- 
nised, and,  in  most,  completely  carried 
out.  It  would  be  but  repeating  an  old 
story  to  say  that,  in  every  instance,  low, 
open,  uniform  seats  have  been  adopted, 
galleries  disanullcd,  pulpits  simplified,  the 
old  reading-pew  discriminated  into  prayer- 
desk  and  Itctcrn,  and  that,  wherever  prac- 
ticable, the  greatest  stop  perhaps  of  all 
has  been  gained,  of  placing  the  choir  in 
their  proper  place— the  chancel. 

"  During  the  year,  a  most  interesting 
communication  was  made  to  the  Society 
by  Mr.  Canon  Argles,  relating  to  the  dis- 


covery of  a  stone  sedile  and  benches,  in 
the  Saxon  tower  of  Barnack.  A  niche  in 
the  west  wall,  formed  by  a  triangular 
heading  of  beam-shaped  stones,  which  had 
greatly  puzzled  the  antiquaries,  was  found, 
on  the  removal  of  the  soil,  to  be  the 
canopy  of  a  stone  sedilc,  no  doubt  a  seat 
of  great  honour  in  Saxon  times,  when  the 
fine  tower- arch  opened  into  the  chnrch, 
and  formed,  probably,  a  chapter- house  for 
the  ecclesiastics  connected  with  the  build- 
ing, or,  possibly,  the  tribunal  of  some 
secular  power.  But,  whatever  its  use,  it 
must  undoubtedly  be  pronounced  the  most 
ancient  place  of  solemn  session  and  con- 
clave existing  in  this  kingdom. 

"  The  colouring  of  the  apse  of  the 
choir  of  Peterborough  Cathedral  has  been 
finished,  and,  combined  with  that  of  the 
roof  and  the  scraping  of  the  stone- work, 
has  tended  greatly  to  remove  the  cold  and 
cheerless  aspect  which  the  east  end  for- 
merly wore.  The  present  painting  can, 
however,  only  be  regarded  as  a  temporary 
expedient,  awaiting  the  introduction  of 
some  richer  material  and  design,  worthy 
of  the  east  end  of  so  noble  a  cathedral. 
One  new  window  of  coloured  glass  has 
been  lately  inserted  in  the  cathedral,  and 
others  are  about  to  be  added 

"One  other  most  important  class  of 
buildings  our  Society  has  from  the  firbt 
never  lost  sight  of,  though  it  has  had 
great  difficulty,  and  little  external  en- 
couragement, m  bringing  it  more  promi- 
nently forward,  viz.,  that  of  cottages  for 
the  labouring  classes.  From  time  to  time, 
without  success,  we  have  applied  to  local 
Agricultural  Societies,  who  might  be  sup- 
posed to  have  even  a  nearer  interest  than 
ourselves  in  this  matter,  but  have  been 
unable  to  get  them  to  j(Hn  with  as  in 
offering  a  prize  or  prizes  for  the  best 
model  cottage  for  the  Midland  districts. 
At  length  we  have  been  encouraged  in 
our  undertaking  by  some  of  oar  associated 
Architectural  Societies,  and,  having  lut 
upon  a  plan  which  seems  to  as  to  comlune 
every  desideratum  of  a  g^ood  cottage,  we 
are  about  to  publish  it,  with  specifications 
and  estimates,  for  distribution  among  oar 
members,  and  possibly  also  fbr  general 
sale.  If  we  are  really  successfnl  in  tlus 
design,  I  feel  that  we  shall  have  accom- 
plished a  work  not  secondary  to  that  of 
the  furtherance  of  correct  taste  and  ar- 
rangement in  ecclesiasiic  and  scholastic 
architecture ;  and  shall  deserve  to  be 
ranked  among  the  practical,  working  So- 
cieties of  the  county,  if,  in  addition  to 


I860.] 


Northamptonshire  Architectural  Society. 


511 


handsome  cLurches  and  good  schools,  we 
have  done  all  that  externals  can  do  to 
give  the  poor  man  a  comfortable  home. 

•*By  a  rule  of  our  Society,  it  is  our 
office  to  procure  photographic  pictures  of 
all  old  buildings,  of  any  architectural  cha- 
racter, before  they  are  destroyed  or  re- 
stored, (and  I  am  sorry  that  the  latter 
word  often  implies  the  former).  These 
have  already  been  made  for  us  by  the 
skilful  hands  of  Mr.  Jennings,  from  the 
ctriginals  at  Catesby,  Sutton,  Higham,  and 
elsewhere;  and,  by  a  recent  resolution, 
we  have  coramiflsioned  the  same  artist  to 
obtain  for  us  faithful  representations  of 
all  the  ancient  bridges  on  the  Nen  and 
other  rivers  of  the  county — a  class  of 
structures  many  of  which  have  great  in- 
terest and  picturesque  beauty,  but  which 
the  tide  of  modem  improvement  is  soon 
likely  to  sweep  away. 

"  On  the  establishment  of  our  Society, 
some  fifteen  years  ago,  the  very  first  ap- 
plication which  we  received  was  from  the 
Vicar  of  St.  Sepulchre's,  to  assist  him  in 
carrying  out  the  r^toration  of  his  church, 
and  we  promised  him  that  assistance ;  but 
immediately  afterwards,  circumstances, 
into  which  I  need  not  now  enter,  rendered 
it  advisable  that  we  should  first  take  in 
hand  the  restoration  of  St.  Peter's.  Mr. 
Butlin  at  once  generously  postponed  his 
prior  claim,  on  the  understanding  that 
when  St.  Peter's  was  finished  we  would 
immediately  set  to  work  with  the  larger 
and  more  important  work  of  the  Round 
Church.  Upon  the  completion  of  St. 
Peter's,  the  claim  of  St.  Sepulchre's  was 
revived,  but  with  little  success,  till,  upon 
the  lamented  death  of  our  late  most  kind 
and  intelligent  President,  the  Marquis  of 
Northampton,  a  new  efibrt  was  made  and 
several  additional  subscriptions  given.  It 
was  proposed,  at  the  outset,  to  have  made 
the  whole  restoration  a  memorial  to  Lord 
Northampton,  and  if  the  London  com- 
mittee had  acted  as  was  expected,  the 
work  might  have  been  done,  but  we  have 
been  obliged  to  abandon  the  lai^r  scheme, 
and  form  a  separate  local  Memorial  Com- 
mittee, with  the  more  confined  object  of 
connecting  a  memorial  of  the  late  Marquis 
with  some  portion  of  the  round  church, 
(in  which  he  took  so  great  an  interest,) 
and  leaving  the  greater  work  of  restora- 
tion and  enlargement  to  a  general  com- 
mittee. The  fund  for  the  Northampton 
memorial  the  special  committee  still  hold 
in  hand,  to  the  amount  of  £300  to  £400; 
and  when  the  round  part  is  cleared  of  its 
incumbrances,  they  will  be  prepared  to 
advise  upon  the  outlay  of  the  sum.  A 
handsome  central  font  and  a  memorial 


pavement  are  probably  the  objects  to 
which  those  subscriptions  will  be  devoted. 
Meanwhile  the  many  calls  for  church  and 
school  purposes  within  the  town  prevented 
the  general  committee  from  pressing  the 
claims  of  poor  •  'Puhhre's ;'  and  though 
a  few  additional  subscriptions  fell  in,  and 
the  money  in  the  banks  gained  some  little 
interest,  yet  the  cause  flagged,  and  the 
sum  collected  was  greatly  inadequate  to 
the  large  amount  required.  Last  year 
a  local  committee,  composed  chiefly  of 
parishioners  themselves,  from  whom  alone 
a  real  living  spring  of  action  could  be  ex- 
pected, and  from  whom  it  ought  to  come, 
took  the  matter  in  hand  in  earnest,  and 
by  joining  the  older  general  committee 
brought  the  business  to  the  position  in 
which  yon  now  find  it.  Of  that  position 
I  shall  leave  the  local  secretary  to  speak ; 
but,  before  I  do  so,  I*  must  be  allowed  to 
mention  what  that  committee  in  their 
own  report  would  be  disposed  to  omit, 
how  much  the  parish,  and  the  town  and 
county  also,  are  indebted  to  the  zeal  of 
the  Vicar  and  the  two  churchwardens, 
Mr.  CoUedge  and  Mr.  Page,  and  equally 
so  to  two  other  parishioners,  Mr.  Rands 
and  Mr.  Gray,  without  whose  unwearying 
exertions  little  would  have  been  done. 

"  Of  course  there  is  still  a  want  of  ftinds 
to  carry  out  the  entire  plan  of  Mr.  Scott, 
and  with  less  than  that  I  hope  you  will 
not  be  satisfied.  We  feel  the  strongest 
interest  in  the  restoration  and  enlarge- 
ment of  St.  Sepulchre's  Church,  and  will 
continue  to  promote  this  object  to  the 
utmost  of  our  influence  and  power;  not 
looking  to  the  work  as  mere  antiquarians, 
but  as  fellow-Churchmen,  wishing  to  see 
room  made  in  the  mother  church  of  so 
lar(;e  a  parish  for  that  great  body  of  the 
poorer  parishioners  whom  the  miserable 
existing  accommodation  has  so  sadly  de- 
barred from  their  equal  rights  in  the 
House  of  God. 

"  This  brief  summary  of  our  proceed- 
ings will,  I  hope,  shew  (for  by  the  nature 
of  our  present  meeting  I  consider  that 
our  Society  is,  in  a  sense,  on  its  trial  be- 
fore the  public  to-day)  that  we  are  not 
mere  dabblers  in  matters  of  taste,  but 
that  while  we  keep  an  eye  to  the  preser- 
vation, or  at  any  rate  to  the  record,  of 
local  antiquities,  and  to  the  promotion  of 
good  style  in  architecture,  the  greater 
part  of  our  time  and  care  is  devoted  to 
practical  objects,  bearing  immediately 
upon  the  religious,  educational,  and  do- 
mestic welfare  of  the  people;  and  that, 
whether  in  the  church,  the  school,  or  the 
house,  the  class  for  whom  we  labour  most 
heartily,  and  whoee  battle  we  Bhall  be 


512 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Nov. 


ever  readiest  to  fight,  is  that  of  our  fellow- 
workmen,  the  Irtlwuring  poor.  With  that 
spirit  our  Society  was  instituted ;  in  that 
it  has  endeavoured  to  walk ;  that,  in  holy 
words,  it  has  emhodied  in  its  adopted 
motto  one  which  we  have  just  had  per- 
manently engraved  on  its  new  hadge  and 
geal — *  Nisi  Dominxts  j*  and  in  accordance 
with  which,  I  trust,  it  will  not  be  deemed 
inappropriate  for  me  to  conclude  my  report 
by  repeating,  in  English,  the  whole  text, 
already  read  in  St.  Sepulchre's  church- 
yard to-day, — *  Except  the  Lord  build  the 
house  their  labour  is  but  lost  that  build 


» fi 


it. 

The  report  of  the  Local  Committee  for 
the  restoration  stated  that — 
"the  subscription  commenced  in  1862, 
having  remained  in  abeyance  for  several 
years,  in  consequence  of  the  restoration  of 
St.  Giles'  and  other  undertakings  having 
engrossed  public  attention  to  that  extent 
as  to  render  the  success  of  any  simul- 
taneous exertions  for  the  present  object 
very  doubtful.  The  committee  in  1859 
finding  no  such  obstacles  then  existing, 
considered  that  a  favourable  opportunity 
presented  itself  for  again  bringing  the 
subject  to  the  notice  of  the  public.  It 
was  accordingly  resolved,  at  a  preliminary 
meeting,  held  the  16th  of  June,  1859,  at 
which  the  Rural  Dean  presided,  that  the 
works  should  be  immediately  proceeded 
with ;  that  tenders  should  be  obtained 
for  the  execution  of  the  works,  and  that 
a  renewed  appeal  should  be  made  to  the 
diocese  at  large  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
curing further  f\inds,  and  that  payment 
should  be  requested  of  those  promised 
subscriptions  remaining  unpaid,  and  a 
sub-committee  was  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  carrying  these  resolutions  into 
effect. 

•*  llie  result  has  been  that  subscriptions 
to  the  amount  of  £1,724  have  been  ob- 
tained, of  which  £1,441  Is.  4d.  has  been 
received,  leaving  about  £300  still  uncv>l- 
lectcd;  this,  with  £124  Ss.  lOd.  allowed 
by  the  bankers  for  interest,  makes  the 
amount  actually  received  to  the  present 
time  £1,565  lOs.  2d.,  or,  including  the 
unpaid  subscriptions,  £1,860.  We  have 
also  the  pleasure  of  announcing  that  a 
grant  of  £175  has  been  made  by  the  In- 
corporated Society  for  the  Building  and 
Enlargement  of  Churches." 

The  works  are  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  G.  G.  Scott,  but  the  funds  in  hand 
are  yet  insufficient  to  carry  out  the  design. 

The  llev.  G.  A.  Poole,  Vicar  of  Wel- 
ford,  read  a  paper,  which  traced  the  his- 


tory of  the  cbnrcb  from  its  fonndatioii. 
He  said : — 

"  It  is  scarcely  necenary  to  remind  you 
that  there  are  four  round  churches,  and 
four  only,  still  remaining  in  England. 
These  churches  owe  their  peculiar  foma 
and  arrangement  to  a  desire  on  the  pari 
of  theur  founders  to  embody  their  recoW 
lection  of  the  round  church  of  the  R^ 
surrection  in  the  Holy  City,  in  which 
they  had  worshipped  as  pilgrims  or  cru- 
saders. Inferior  as  they  may  be  in  gran- 
deur, as  they  certainly  must  be  in  intrin- 
sic interest;  imperfect  as  they  doubtless 
all  are  as  copies  of  a  remote  original,  this 
was  the  type  after  which  all  oar  round 
churches  were  erected,  and  this  the  spirit 
which  led  to  the  adoption  of  their  pt'ooliar 
plan.  Two  of  the  churches  thus  owing 
their  form,  and  their  very  existence,  t« 
these  facts  and  feelings,  were  erected  by 
the  Templars  and  Hospitallers  respectively, 
two  religious  Orders  associated  under  the 
most  solemn  vows  for  the  protection  of 
pilgrims  to  Jerusalem.  These  were  the 
Temple,  in  London,  so  called  because  it 
belonged  to  the  Templars;  and  Little 
Maplestead,  in  Essex,  which  was  attached 
to  a  commandery  of  the  Hospitallers.  Bat 
if  these  two  churches  seem  to  be  more 
especially  interesting,  froni  the  chivalrooa 
Oi-ders  to  which  they  owed  thmr  ereeiioii, 
the  other  two  have  also  a  peculiar  daim, 
and  perhaps  a  higher,  on  account  of  their 
greater  antiquity.  These  are  St  Sepul- 
chre's in  Cambridge,  and  the  church  in 
this  town  of  the  same  consecration.  Of 
these,  the  church  in  Cambridge  has, 
perhai)S,  the  priority,  having  been  conse- 
crated in  1101 ;  but  that  in  Northampton 
followed  immediately  after,  b«ng  as- 
signed, with  great  probability,  to  Simon 
de  St.  Liz,  Earl  of  Northampton,  who 
died  in  1115,  after  having  been  long 
absent  from  this  country.  This  church, 
then,  if  erected  by  him,  must  be  as  old  at 
the  former  within  a  very  few  years,  and 
may  be  even  older ;  and  there  is  nothing 
in  the  character  of  its  orig^inal  portioa 
which  at  all  casts  a  doubt  upon  the  most 
remote  antiquity  we  might  be  inclined  to 
give  it.  Thus,  besides  its  conneoUon  with 
the  history  of  the  Crusades,  which  it 
shares  with  all  the  round  churches,  we 
claim  for  St.  Sepulchre's  a  date  searoelj, 
if  at  all,  less  remote  than  that  of  the 
oldest  of  the  other  three. 

*'  Simon  de  St.  Liz  built  the  castle  of 
Northampton,  and  about  the  year  1084 
he  largely  endowed  the  convent  of  St. 
Andrew,  making  it,  however,  unhappily, 
an  alien  priory,  saljeet  to  the  Chuiiae 


I860.] 


Northamptonshire  Architectural  Society, 


513 


Abbey  of  St.  Mary  de  Caritate,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Loire.  As  he  advanced  in 
years,  his  zeal  for  the  faith  advanced  also, 
and  towards  the  close  of  hia  life  he  took 
the  cross  and  went  to  the  Holy  City.  He 
was  fortunate  enough  to  return,  and  zea- 
lous  enough  to  repeat  his  journey ;  but 
being  seized  with  an  illness  on  his  home- 
ward way,  he  died  about  the  year  1115, 
ab  the  aforesaid  abbey  of  St.  Mary  de 
Caritate,  and  was  there  buried. 

"  The  condition  in  which  he  left  the 
church  of  St.  Sepulchre's  may  be  very 
probably  inferred  from  several  indications 
still  remaining.  It  seem's  certain  that  ic 
consisted  of  the  present  round,  together 
with  a  chancel,  terminating  in  an  eastern 
apse.  The  principal  entrance  was  most 
likely  through  a  highly-enriched  doorway 
at  the  west  end  of  the  round,  which  has 
given  way  to  the  present  tower.  Instead 
of  a  tower  or  other  steeple  to  the  original 
church,  the  round  was  crowned  with  a 
lofty  clerestory  or  lantern,  with  a  conical 
roof  of  hi^h  pitch;  and  as  there  was  a 
triforium  over  the  aisles  of  the  round, 
which  has  now  disappeared,  the  whole 
elevation  would  not  be  deficient  in  height. 
The  chancel,  I  imagine,  had  no  aisles,  and 
like  that  at  Little  Maplestead,  which  was 
also  without  aisles,  terminated  in  an  apse. 

"  In  the  interior,  the  central  circle  of 
eight  pillars  and  arches  was  surrounded 
with  an  aisle  with  a  groined  roof,  over 
which  was  a  triforium,  opening  into  the 
church  by  a  series  of  arches,  probably 
little  inferior  in  height  to  those  below. 
Resting  on  these,  and  rising  to  some  con- 
siderable height  above  them,  was  the 
clerestory  or  lantern,  doubtless  of  eight 
lights,  with  appropriate  decorations.  A 
richly  moulded  arch  would  lead  to  the 
chancel,  the  detHils  of  which  can  be  sup- 
plied only  by  probable  analogy.  This  at 
least  there  can  be  no  reason  to  doubt,  that 
it  was,  both  externally  and  internally,  a 
structure  of  very  considerable  elegance, 
and  one  which  would  excite  the  admira- 
tion, as  well  as  the  interest,  of  all  who 
looked  on  it  as  a  legacy  from  the  deceased 
crusader  to  those  who  had  not  been  pri- 
vileged to  see  its  antetype  in  the  Holy  City. 

"  It  did  not,  however,  satisfy  more  than 
two  or  three  generations  in  the  state  in 
which  Simon  de  St.  Liz  left  it;  and  pro- 
bably it  was  then,  as  it  was  often  again, 
and  is  now,  perhaps  for  the  last  time, 
want  of  space  for  those  who  would  wor- 
ship in  it  that  led  to  essential  changes  in 
the  fabric.  It  was  probably  about  1180, 
during  the  time  of  the  gradual  introduc- 
tion of  the  pointed  arch,  but  while  the  old 
Norman  details  were  generally  retained. 


(thus  forming  a  transition  era,)  that  the 
northern  wfdl  of  the  chancel  was  cut 
through,  to  form  an  arcade  for  the  addi- 
tion of  a  northern  aisle.  The  work  does 
not  seem  to  have  been  judiciously  or  even 
carefully  conducted,  for  the  changes  about 
this  time  originated  a  series  of  failures  in 
the  fabric,  which  led,  first  to  the  necessary 
erection  of  certain  unsightly  buttresses,  and 
ultimately,  perhaps,  to  the  failure  of  the 
round,  and  the  sacrifice  of  the  old  trifo- 
rium and  clerestory.  The  twelfth  century, 
however,  probably  closed  upon  a  church 
scarcely  differing  from  that  which  St.  Liz 
had  finished  before  1115,  except  that  a 
northern  aisle  had  been  added  to  the 
chancel. 

"  Thus,  80  far  as  at  present  appears,  the 
church  remained  for  upwards  of  a  century, 
for  it  is  not  till  early  in  the  fourteenth 
century  that  there  are  any  indications  of 
a  south  chancel  aisle.  And  it  was  before 
the  close  of  the  same  century  that  the 
present  tower  and  spire  were  erected. 
This  was  not  without  a  purpose ;  for  the 
round  had  probably  suffered  so  much  by 
former  changes  as  to  require  great  repairs. 
The  aisle  vaults  and  the  triforium  were 
probably  sacrificed  at  this  time,  and  the 
clerestory  rebuilt  on  a  much  more  meagre 
scale,  though  certainly  not  so  wretchedly 
as  at  present.  A  tower  and  spire  were 
therefore  required  to  give  character  to  the 
church.  I  need  hardly  tell  you  that  this 
last  feature  is  of  great  beauty,  and  long 
may  it  remain  an  ornament,  not  to  this 
church  only,  but  to  the  town  of  North- 
ampton. 

"  Wliatever  has  happened  to  St.  Sepul- 
chre's since  the  erection  of  the  spire  has 
been  by  way  of  destruction  and  deteriora- 
tion. The  only  comfort  we  can  derive 
from  an  inspection  of  it  is  thi$,  that  the 
very  fact  that  matters  have  been  getting 
worse  and  worse  for  two  hundred  years, 
necessitates  so  entire  a  reconstruction,  that 
we  destroy,  without  compunction  and  re- 
gret, what  the  exigencies  of  restoration 
and  enlargement  require  to  be  swept  away ; 
and  that  we  are  certain,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  our  very  able  architect,  to  hand 
over  the  remodelled  edifice  to  the  parish, 
and  to  the  people  generally,  as  greatly  in- 
creased in  beauty  as  in  usefulness,  and  not 
diminished  in  interest" 

After  various  remarks  from  Mr.  Q.  G. 
Scott,  Sir  Henry  Dryden,  and  other  gen- 
tlemen, on  the  true  principles  of  restora- 
tion, and  the  expression  of  a  very  general 
opinion  that  "restoration  not  unfrequently 
meant  destruction,"  the  meeting  separated. 


514 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Nov. 


In  the  evening  another  meeting  was  held, 
the  Rev.  Lord  Alwtne  Compton  in  the 
chair,  wlien  a  very  interesting  paper  on 
Bound  Churches  was  read  by  Mr.  James. 
We  give  a  few  main  points.     He  said : — 

"  A  round  church !  People  will  at  once 
go  to  see  that,  who  would  pass  by  a  hun- 
dred rectangnUur  ones;  partly,  no  doubt, 
because  the  form  is  rare,  partly  because  it 
is  connected  with  that  little  bit  of  archae- 
ology, which  the  most  modem  student  has 
picked  up,  of  the  relation  of  that  plan  to 
the  Holy  Sepulchre,  and  partly,  I  think, 
also  from  the  circular  form  in  itself  com- 
mending itself  to  our  love  of  beauty  and 
completeness,  so  that  from  the  "  round  O'* 
that  children  delight  in  above  all  the 
letters  of  the  alphabet,  to  the  globe  which 
is  our  world,  and  to  the  mightier  spheres 
which  circle  above  us  in  the  vaulted  sky, 
nil  round  things  have  a  peculiar  charm 
for  us,  symbolizing,  as  they  do,  that  eter- 
nity which  the  h^rt  of  man  yearns  to  as 
his  home. 

**  It  may  be,  I  think,  because  the  age  of 
imagination  has  passed  away,  and  that  we 
are  become,  as  most  certainly  we  are, 
more  prosaic,  flat,  commonplace,  square- 
headed,  and  unideal,  that  the  ronnd  form 
has  evaporated  from  our  architecture, 
and  that  we  can  now  seldom  catch  its 
vanishing  image  except  in  a  windmill 
or  a  folly... 

"  Who  can  fancy  the  daring  tower  rising 
on  the  plain  of  Shinar  other  than  a  round 
building,  tier  above  tier,  reaching  unto 
heaven  ?  What  are  those  round  towers 
of  Ireland,  and  those  far  more  ancient 
topes  and  lilts  of  India,  the  works  of  the 
early  Buddhists,  but  embodiments  of  the 
same  spirit  of  aspiration,  striving  to  ex- 
press its  craving  after  the  Eternal  and 
the  Infinite  by  a  form  at  once  most  lasting 
and  limitless  ? 

"  The  earliest  buildings  of  all  nations  are 
their  tombs,  and  these  also,  from  the  same 
feeling  that  erected  them,  are  the  best 
preserved.  Leavinpr  out  the  strange  and 
isolated  art  of  Kgypt,  the  earliest  existing 
tombs  of  old  Greece  and  Etruria,  and  of 
the  further  North  and  East,  are,  for  the 
most  part,  round ;  or,  at  lea«<t,  domed  and 
vaulted,  and  so  partially  in  curved  lines. 
So  with  that  much  larger  group  of  later 
R^^man  buildings,  such  as  the  Pantheon, 
the  temple  of  Tivoli,  the  tombs  of  Cecilia 
Metclla,  of  Augustus,  Diocletian's  palace 
at  Spalatro,  the  church  of  San  Vito  (a 
tomb  of  one  of  the  Tossia  family)  at  Rome, 
and  many  other  buildings  in  which  the 
round  form  is  distinctly  developed. 

''  But  to  come  to  those  circular  build- 


ings of  which  Time  has  spired  both  their 
forms  and  records,  and  taking  up  the 
buildings  of  the  Christian  era  ot  Constan- 
tine,  we  have  the  tomb  of  his  mother, 
Helena,  who  died  in  328 ;  and  that  of  his 
daughter,  Constantia,  now  known  as  the 
Baptisteiy  of  St.  Agnese.  They  are  both 
nearly  on  the  same  plan. 

"Of  the  fifth  or  sixth  centory  is  the 
much  larger  building  (its  diameter  being 
210  feet)  now  called  the  church  of  S.  Ste- 
phano  Rotundo,  at  Bologna.  The  pillars 
are  all  taken  from  older  buildings.  This 
was  probably  a  tomb  or  a  baptistery. 

"  In  Santi  Angeli,  at  Perugia,  we  have 
almost  the  identical  form,  though  of  much 
smaller  diameter,  (115  feet,)  and  we  here 
see  the  first  additions  to  the  mmple  roand 
in  the  forms  of  the  sqnare  porches.  Up 
to  this  point  there  is  nothing  to  indicate 
any  place  set  apart  for  the  Holy  Comma- 
nion.  The  tomb  of  the  saint,  or  the 
font,  would  occupy  the  central  point;  and 
though,  from  the  tradition  of  the  cata- 
comb, the  tomb  might  also  form  the 
altar,  yet  we  find  no  divergence  from  the 
concluding  circular  wall  for  encharistic 
purposes  till  we  come  to  the  budding 
chancel  of  the  baptistery  at  Nocera  dei 
Pagani,  (on  the  road  between  Rome  and 
Naples,)  where  a  small  intersecting  circle 
forms  a  recess,  at  the  entrance  of  which, 
or  possibly  on  the  chord  of  the  smaller 
circle,  the  altar  stood.  The  groundplan 
of  this  church,  in  which  the  type  of  oar 
future  round  churches  first  comes  dis- 
tinctly out,  is  singularly  like  (and  it  maj 
help  you  to  remember  it)  that  of  one  of 
those  venerable  watches  which  oar  fkthera 
delighted  to  carry  in  their  fobs. 

"  The  integral  round  being  once  broken, 
the  expansion  rapidly  increased  in  varioaa 
directions;  the  chancel  became  yet  more 
developed,  and  the  octagon  form,  the  in- 
tervening link  between  the  square  and 
the  circle,  which  had  already  appeared  in 
the  central  font,  comes  oat  into  promi- 
nence, sometimes  afi*ecting  the  outer,  some- 
times the  inner  arrangement  of  the  boild- 
ing,  as  is  seen  in  the  main  groundplan  of 
St.  Vitale  at  Ravenna.  . . . 

*'It  would  be  tiresome  to  g^ve  yon 
a  mere  catalc^ue  of  the  many  existing 
circular  and  octagonal  baptisteries  and 
churches  still  existing  in  Italy,  and,  at 
rarer  intervals,  in  Northern  Europe.  Fer- 
gusson's  'Handbook,'  and  the  moch 
larger  French  work,  by  Isahelle,  on  JSdt- 
fices  CirculaireSf  though  referring  cbirflj 
to  classic  instances,  wul  supply  ample  ex- 
amples to  those  who  are  inclined  to  ex- 
haust the  suUect  The  baptisteries  of 
Florence,  the  Duomo  Veochio  of 


I860.] 


Northamptonshire  Architectural  Society. 


515 


Pisa,  and  Parma,  the  campanile  of  Pisa, 
known  as  the  *  Leaning  Tower,'  are 
familiar  to  us  all,  either  by  the  engrav- 
ings, or  still  more  faithftil  photographs, 
which  every  traveller  brings  home  with 
him.  All  combine,  more  or  lees,  the  rect- 
angular with  the  circular  form,  and  none 
of  them  very  much  exceed  or  fall  short  of 
the  diameter  of  100  feet,  which  may  be 
taken  as  the  average  measure  of  this  class 
of  buildings.  .  .  . 

"  Before  I  conclude,  I  would  briefly  sum 
up  the  inferences  which  may  be  drawn 
from  the  very  cursory  and  imperfect  state- 
ments I  have  made  on  the  very  wide  and, 
as  yet,  unexhausted  subject  of  round 
churches.  You  will  at  least  have  seen 
that  our  four  round  chunhes  are  only 
a  small  remnant  of  a  much  larirer  number 
which  once  existed  in  England,  and  that 
these  were  not  invariably  connected  with 
the  Orders  of  the  Templars  or  of  the  Hos- 
pitallers, though  probably  in  almost  every 
case  (the  roimd  chapel  of  Ludlow  Castle 
perhaps  being  one  exception)  with  some 
crusader  or  pilgrim  to  the  Holy  Land, 
and,  therefore,  constructed  in  imitation, 
more  or  less  direct,  of  the  rotunda  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem ;  in  all  which 
cases,  as  I  have  said,  the  *  round '  consti- 
tuted the  nave  or  western  portion. 

**  But  from  the  earliest  Christian  ages, 
and  linking  on  by  subtile  but  unbroken 
chain,  with  ancient  Rome  and  Greece, 
and,  indeed,  with  the  monumental  history 
of  almost  every  people,  there  existed 
a  scries  of  tombs,  towers,  temples,  bap- 
tisteries, chapels,  of  circular  or  cm'vilinear 
form,  which  had  no  connection  with  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,  (except  that  it  was  itself 
one  link  in  the  general  chain,)  and  which, 
quite  irrespective  of  any  imitation  of  that 
sacred  building,  are  to  be  traced  in  the 
round  portion,  wherever  situated,  of  the 
ecclesiastical  buildings  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
and  which  received  their  greatest  and 
final  development  in  the  manifoiled  and 
multangular  apses,  which  constitute  so 
striking  and  beautiful  a  feature  of  the 
finest  continental  churches. 

"  In  contradistinction  to  the  use  of  the 
rest  of  Europe,  England  kept  steadily,  as 
a  rule,  to  a  square  east  end ;  and  though 
at  Canterbury  and  Tewkesbury,  and  in 
a  few  other  noted  examples,  the  circular 
form  appears,  yet  often,  with  obstinate 
nnd  hardly  excusable  persistence,  as  at 
l*eterborough  and  Westminster,  she  capped 
the  curved  apse  with  a  rectilinear  addi- 
tion, protesting,  as  it  were,  against  the 
foreign  element,  and  reserving  the  round 
form  for  the  western  end.     Round  apses 


have  been  a  favourite  resuscitation  with 
modem  architects,  and  where,  as  in  the 
new  chancel  of  St.  Sepulchre's,  they  can 
give  the  reason  why,  there  can  be  no  ob- 
jection to  their  introduction,  but  a  new 
round  church,  we  can  never  hope,  never 
wish  to  see  again;  the  reason  and  the 
feeling  for  it  is  past ;  and  its  form,  which 
was  ill-suited  even  for  the  unreformed 
Church,  is  doubly  so  for  our  own.  As 
a  baptismal  vestibule,  nothing  can  be 
grander;  but  in  these  days  we  want  too 
much  room  for  our  congregations  to  bo 
able  in  a  new  church  to  throw  away  so 
much  space  on  mere  architectural  effect. 
The  more  incumbent  upon  u^  therefore, 
is  it  to  preserve  that  unique  and  beautiful 
feature,  when  we  find  it  here.  The  fifth 
round  church  in  England  we  shall  never 
see ;  but  we  may  yet  make  ours  the  most 
remarkable  of  the  remaining  four.  There 
is  more  of  the  original  in  Maplestead; 
more  completeness  in  Cambridge;  more 
splendour  of  decoration  iu  the  Temple : 
but  for  size  and  usefulness,  for  correct  ar- 
rangement and  artistic  effect,  for  local 
association,  and,  above  all,  for  supplying 
the  urgent  spiritual  wants  of  a  daily  in- 
creasing parish,  the  work  which  your  com- 
mittee has  taken  in  hand  will,  if  carried 
out  in  its  integrity,  yield  to  no  church 
restoration,  whether  of  round  church  or 
square;  and  will,  when  finished,  become 
the  glory,  as  it  has  hitherto  been  the 
shame,  of  Northampton." 

In  answer  to  a  question  as  to  what  was 
intended  to  be  done,  and  what  the  expense 
would  be,  Mr.  James  said,  "  The  circular 
part  was  the  only  part  left  by  the  crusa- 
ders, and  with  that  they  should  not  inter- 
fere in  the  least,  except  to  remove  the 
high  pews  and  galleries.  The  present 
chancel  and  aisles  would  be  thrown  into 
the  nave,  and  a  chancel  would  be  built  out 
further  east.  If  a  ladies'  committee  was 
formed,  and  the  funds  raised,  the  northern 
aisle  would  be  restored.  The  round  part 
would  be  converted  into  a  baptistery.  Even 
if  they  had  money,  all  they  wishtd  to  do 
at  present  would  be  to  put  windows  where 
at  prtsent  there  wore  only  holes  in  the 
clerestories,  and  put  a  new  conical  roof  in 
place  of  the  present  roof." 

A  Museum  was  formed  which  remained 
open  on  the  day  following  the  meeting ;  it 
contained  many  rare  and  valuable  books, 
some  excellent  photographs,  chiefly  of 
county  antiquities,  and  also  a  miscellane- 
ous collection,  embracing  coins,  trades- 
men's tokens,  weapons,  &c 


516 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer.  [Nov. 


KILKENNY  AND  SOUTH-EAST  OF  lEELAND  ARCHiEOLO. 

GICAL  SOCIETY. 


Sept  12.  The  President,  the  Very  Rev. 
the  Dean  of  Ossoby,  in  the  chair.  The 
following  new  memhers  were  elected : — 

Dr.  Hatchell,  Inspector-General  of  Lu- 
natic Asylums;  John  Lee,  Esq.,  LL.D., 
Hartwell  House,  Aylesbury ;  Chas.  Faulk- 
ner, Esq.,  Deddington;  Miss  Arbuthnot, 
Loughcutra,  Gort ;  Nicholas  Grattan,  Esq., 
M.  R.  C.  S.,  South  Mall,  Cork;  Denis 
Barry  CFlynui  Esq.,  M.D.,  M.R.C.S., 
Carricknavar,  Cork ;  Geo.  Gabriel,  Esq., 
Bandon;  Thos.  Lynch,  Esq.,  Rathmines, 
Dublin ;  John  Browne,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Dun- 
dalk ;  Mr.  P.  Magennis,  National  school- 
master, Knockmore,  Derrygonelly ;  Mr, 
P.  M'Dermot,  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Peace, 
Kilkenny;  and  the  Rev.  John  Quarry, 
M.A.,  the  Rectory,  Middleton. 

The  Rev.  G.  L.  Shannon  presented, 
through  Mr.  J.  G.  Robertson,  a  parchment 
document  connected  with  Kilkenny,  being 
the  original  commission  of  Oyer  and  Ter- 
miner to  the  Mayor  of  Kilkenny,  Robert 
Marshall,  Esq.,  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  and  Christopher  Robin- 
son, Esq.,  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Chief 
Place,  to  bold  Summer  Assizes  in  the  city 
of  Kilkenny,  in  the  second  year  of  the 
reign  of  George  III. 

Mr.  Cullen,  J.P.,  High-street,  presented 
a  specimen  of  ancient  turning,  found  in 
taking  down  a  very  old  wall  connected 
with  his  premises. 

The  Rev.  James  Mease  presented  an 
ancient  atlas,  and  read  some  observations 
on  the  topographic  names  in  a  map  of 
Ireland  included  therein;  he  pointed  out 
that  at  the  time  of  its  publication  at 
Utrecht  in  1G98,  so  little  was  known  of 
Ireland,  and  the  names  were  so  blundered, 
that  it  was  impossible  to  identify  more 
than  a  few  of  the  places  indicated. 

The  Secretary  directed  the  attention  of 
the  meeting  to  three  very  fine  specimens 
of  sepulchral  urns,  deposited  in  the  So- 
ciety's Museum  by  Lady  Elizabeth  and 
Captain  Wemys,  Danesfort. 

The  Rev.  James  Graves  said,  that  beside 
the  intrinsic  value  of  the  ums^  two  of 

3 


which  were  of  rare  and  highly  ornamented 
form,  their  discovery  was  further  very  in- 
teresting as  throwing  light  on  the  etymo- 
logy of  the  locality  in  which  they  were 
discovered.  Danesfort  was  a  modem  cor- 
ruption of  the  andent  name,  Danfert, 
which  signified  "  the  fort  of  the  barying- 
place."  The  fort,  a  conspicnoot  earthen 
dun,  was  there  still  to  tell  its  own  tale : 
but  until  the  discovery  of  these  ancient 
sepulchral  remains,  there  had  been  no 
proof  of  the  connexion  of  the  locality 
with  any  ancient  place  of  interment.  As 
regarded  the  particulars  of  the  disoorery, 
Mr.  Graves  gave  the  following  aoooont : — 

"  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  to 
Stoneyford,  in  a  field  belonging  to  a  tenant 
of  Captun  Wemys',  sand  has  been  wont 
to  be  raised  for  a  long  time  past.  The 
sand-pits  are  formed  in  a  spur  which  runs 
eastward  from  the  knoU,  crowned  by  a 
well-defined  earthen  dun,  which,  with 
some  planting  and  an  old  snmmer>hoose^ 
forms  a  conspicuous  object  in  the  deer- 
park  of  Danesfort.  It  is  probable  that 
discoveries  of  sepulchral  renuuns  had  been 
previously  made  in  the  course  of  excava- 
tions for  sand,  but  no  evidence  exists  of 
any  such  find  until  about  twelve  months 
before  that  about  to  be  described,  when 
a  small  cist  formed  of  four  stones,  with 
a  fiag  at  top  and  bottom,  was  met  with 
by  a  labourer  employed  in  the  said  pit. 
In  this  cist  were  some  burned  bones  and 
a  very  fine  and  elaborately  ornamented 
urn  with  a  cover,  having  a  handle  at  top 
for  lifting  it.  It  was  of  half-baked  claj, 
but  very  solid.  It  had  been  kept  by  the 
finder  until  lately,  when  the  latis  C^»d 
Wemys  obtained  it,  along  with  another  of 
more  common  shape,  the  particulars  of 
the  discovery  of  which  I  have  not  been 
able  to  learn,  llie  former  of  these  two 
urns  was  since  unfortunately  broken  and 
lost.  In  the  hitter  part  of  the  year  1858^ 
Colonel  Wemys  having  had  occasion  to 
raise  sand,  excavations  were  commenced  at 
the  place  already  described.  In  opening 
the  pit  two  skeletons  were  discovered ;  the 
bones  were  exceedingly  ftiable,  and  went 
to  pieces  when  expo^  to  the  air :  they 
lay  at  full  lengtli  about  three  feet  nnder 
the  surface.  There  is  no  record  of  any 
implement  or  ornament  having  been  fimnd 
with  them.    Near  these  skeletons  indUca- 


I860.]     Kilkenny  and  Sauth^Mast  of  Ireland  Arehmol.  Soc.      5 1 7 


tions  of  A  pit  presented  themselves,  and 
on  a  section  of  this  heing  made,  thore  was 
fonnd,  ahont  nx  feet  under  the  scnrfiioe^ 
a  large  stcme,  measuring  4  ft.  7  in.  hj 
4  ft.  4  in^  of  irrefiralarly  oval  shape^  and 
eleven  inches  thidc.  On  removing  th]% 
a  regnlarly  hnilt  cist  presented  ita3f,  the 
sides  of  which  (I  saw  one  stone  4jt.  6  in. 
long  and  one  foot  deep)  were  fomed  of 
single  stones  ahoat  Ibar  feet  long;  ike 
ends,  of  one  stone,  ahoat  one  foot  hroad ; 
and  the  cist  thus  formed  was  ahont  one 
foot  deep;  the  hottom  of  it  was  covered 
with  calcined  hnman  hones,  (some  of  which 
I  saw  lying  on  the  grani) ;  acroa  this  dst 
at  top  lay  long  stones,  placed  at  interrals^ 
and  in  two  of  these  intervals,  shaped  like 
pigeon-holes,  resting  on  the  side  stone^ 
were  placed  two  ekborately  ornamented 
nms.  These  were  agun  oarelhlly  covered, 
every  crevice  between  the  stones  com- 
pletely closed  with  spawls  of  stoDS!,  and, 
over  idl,  the  large  dab  above  described  had 
been  placed.  A}1  rested  on  another  large 
flag  6  fl.  9  in.  long,  by  4  ft  8  in.  across, 
which,  though  rough  Deneath,  presented 
a  smooth  su^m^  for  the  bottom  of  the  cist. 
The  workmen  describe  the  spawling  of 
the  cist  to  have  been  so  cardblly  aone 
that  a  heavy  smell  arose  when  it  was 
opened.  All  the  stones  belouff  to  the 
calcareous  strata  of  the  district.'' 

The  Secretary  submitted  to  the  meeting 
a  magnificent  volume  which  had  recently 
been  published  by  one  of  the  members  of 
the  Society,  Dr.  W.  D.  Hemphill,  of  Qon- 
mel.  The  work  consisted  of  letter-inress 
descriptive  of  the  scenery,  antiquities,  and 
more  remarkable  modem  buildings  of 
Clonmel,  Cashel,  Caher,  Lismore,  and  tiidr 
vicinities,  illustrated  by  an  immense  num« 
her  of  photographic  views  adapted  to  the 
stereoscope.  The  letter -inress  evinced  ac- 
curate and  extenmve  research  combined 
with  graphic  descriptive  powers.  The 
frontispiece  was  a  large  photographio 
plate  of  the  round  tower  and  northern 
transept  of  Cashel  Cathedral,  which  for 
artistic  effect  and  clearness  of  detail  was 
far  before  a  first-class  line  engravings 
placing,  as  it  did,  before  the  eye  portrait! 


of  every  stone  in  the  structure.  The  work 
was  a  credit  to  the  Dublin  pubBsiung 
trade.  The  letter -press  presented  un- 
exampled elegance  and  clearness  of  type^ 
ornamented  on  every  page  by  rubricated 
borders  of  the  most  tasteful  dedgn.  The 
photographic  plates,  executed  by  Dr. 
Hempldll  himself,  preserved  accurate  por- 
traits of  all  the  more  important  antiqiii- 
tSes  of  the  district. 

The  following  papers  were  submitted  to 
the  meeting : — 

''Notes  on  Kilkenny  Prinlang  in  the 
Seventeenth  Century,"  by  the  Yenerabla 
Archdeacon  Cotton,  being  notices  of  some 
broadsides  and  official  documents  issued 
from  the  press  of  the  ConfederateCatholioi^ 
at  present  contained  in  Cashel  library. 

"Account  and  Drawing  of  Indsed 
Primaval  Scorings,  found  on  the  Sides  of 
a  Natural  Cavern  known  as '  The  Lettered 
Cave,'  on  Knockmore  Mountidn,  near  the 
Village  of  Derrygonnely,  in  the  County 
of  Fermanagh;"  some  of  wluoh  resemUe 
runes^  and  others  seem  to  be  cognate  with 
the  incised  ornamentation  on  the  stones 
of  the  great  artifidal  cave  at  New  Orangey 
CO.  Meath;  contributed  by  Mr.  P.  ICa- 
genni%  this  day  elected  a  member  of  the 
Sodety. 

"Topographical  mtistrations  of  the 
Suburbs  of  Kilkenny— Burt  V  ^  Mr. 
John  Hogan.  This  part  was  devoted  to 
the  investigation  of  the  traces  of  several 
andent  roads  converging  to^  and  diverg- 
ing from,  the  Irish  town  of  Kilkenny,  and 
displayed  an  extraordinary  amount  of  re- 
search on  the  part  of  the  writer, 

A  speeial  vote  of  thanks  havuig  beem 
passed  to  Lady  Slixabeth  and  Captain 
Wemys  for  the  flotila  imif  this  day  pre* 
sentedy  and  the  obligation  of  the  Sodetj 
to  the  other  donors  and  eihiUtorf  having 
been  duly  acknowledged,  the  meeting  wm 
adjourned  to  the  fint  Wedoeiday  in  No- 
vember* 


OxFT.  ICia.  Vol.  CCIX, 


8Q 


518 


Aniiqtuirian  and  Literary  InteUiffencer. 


[Nov. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUARIES,  NEWCASTLE-TJPON-TYNE. 


Sept.  5.  The  monthly  meeting  was  held 
in  the  Castle,  John  Clayton,  Esq.,  V.P., 
in  the  chair. 

Mr.  White  read  a  note  on  Roman  Roads 
in  Scotland,  suggested  by  his  recent  Scot- 
tish tour : — **  When  the  Romans  quitted 
this  country,  they  lefk  behind  them,  where- 
ever  they  had  been,  most  memorable  traces 
of  energy  and  perseverance.  Down  to  the 
commencement  of  the  last  century,  Bri- 
tons, Picts,  Anglo-Saxons,  and  Normans 
successively  trode  the  roads  formed  by 
these  enterprising  men ;  and,  in  the  wilder 
parts  of  the  country,  such  highways  still 
form  the  boundaries  of  townships,  and 
afford  passage  for  men,  horses,  and  cattle. 
The  fugitives  from  the  battle  of  Neville's 
Cross  fled  to  Lanchcster  and  Corbridge, 
that  they  might  avail  themselves  of  Wat- 
ling  Street,  as  the  most  direct  way  to 
their  own  country ;  and  the  spearmen 
from  the  field  of  Otterburn  went  on  a 
portion  of  the  same  tract,  when  they  con- 
veyed the  body  of  their  leader  to  be  in- 
terred on  the  lefb  of  the  high  altar  in 
Melrose  Abbey.  In  Stirlingshire,  the  army 
of  Edward  the  Second  proceeded  on  the 
Roman  road  from  Torwood  to  Miltown, 
and  then  hiiUed  to  arrange  for  the  deadly 
conflict  which  was  to  take  place  at  Ifon- 
nockburn.  On  the  same  line,  bat  within 
a  mile  of  Stirling,  Randolph's  spearmen 
encountered  Clifford's  horsemen,  and  over- 
came them.  At  a  point  north-west  of 
Stirling,  where  the  road  crossed  the  Forth, 
a  wooden  bridge  had  been  erected  in  1297, 
a  prominent  ohject  in  the  battle  where 
Wallace  triumphed  over  Warren  and 
Crcssingham,  and  near  to  which,  on  the 
summit  of  the  Abbey  Craig,  a  monument 
to  the  Scottish  hero  is  about  to  be  raised. 
One  of  the  most  remarkable  features,  how- 
ever, of  this  road,  may  be  seen  about 
a  mile  to  the  east  of  the  Bridge  of  Allan, 
where  it  ascends  a  rocky  barrier  on  the 
side  of  a  mountain,  and  has  been  cut  for 
about  150  yards  out  of  solid  stone,  leaving 
a  way  nearly  4  yards  in  breadth  at  the 
bottom,  and  at  an  average  from  12  to  15 
feet  high  on  either  side.    Proceeding  still 


further  north,  this  highwmj  cronea  AlUut 
Water,  and  passee  the  celebrated  camp  at 
Ardoch,  which  I  regret  I  had  not  leiaare 
to  visit,  but  which  I  am  told  ia^  in  its 
kind,  oift  of  the  moat  perfect  apecimena  of 
Roman  fortification  in  Seotland." 

Mr.  LongstaiTe  read  a  more  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  church  of  Hexham  than  1m 
was  enabled  to  give  on  bdng  called  npon* 
at  the  Society's  harried  vint*  to  expoond  it. 
This  account  we  have  already  pnbliahed  % 
but  some  of  the  additions  may  be  here  re- 
corded. In  noticing  the  aaaomptioii  thai 
the  church  shared  the  general  fide  of  aoch 
edifices  at  the  hands  of  the  Danes  in  87S, 
and  that  it  was  reboilt  by  Aiofabiahop 
Thomas,  junior,  at  bis  introduction  of  re- 
g^ular  monks  in  1118,  Mr.  L.  thinka  that 
the  first  view  is  not  improbable,  aa  Bidiard 
of  Hexham  (who  became  prior  in  1143) 
speaks  of  all  of  Wilfiid's  chnrchea  at  Hex« 
ham  in  the  past  tense.  Some  towen  and 
battlements  of  his  principal  chnrch  of  St. 
Andrew's  were  remaining ;  and  the  monks 
had  built  upon  the  ruina  of  many  edifices 
which  time  and  devastation  had  destroyed. 
But  it  is  plain,  from  the  acts  of  tlie  pre- 
vious hereditary  priesta,  that  they  wera 
in  possession  of  St.  Andrew's  ohnrdi,  and; 
fVom  the  history  of  the  relics  of  the  early 
bishops,  that  the  whole  pile  was  in  aome 
order.  The  old  monasteries  of  T^nemoath* 
Jarrow,  Monkwearmooth,  and  Qateahcad 
were,  in  like  manner,  roproacnted  by 
churches  between  the  Daniah  invaaion  and 
the  Conquest.  Not  a  fragment  of  Normaii 
masonry  has  occurred  at  Hexham;  and  it  ia 
very  improbable  that  the  predeoeaaor  of  tlie 
present  structure,  which  was  built  aboot 
1200,  should  have  been  erected  ao  little  be- 
fore it  as  in  the  year  1118.  The  fbgitivea 
to  the  sanctuary  at  Beverley  had  their  meat 
in  the  refectory,  and  their  btd,  if  of  reqMCt* 
able  rank,  in  Uie  dormitory,  or  within  tlw 
court  of  the  refectory,  or  in  aome  hooaa. 

Mr.  Longstaffe  thinka  it  worth  eon* 
sideration  whether  the  chamber  abore  the 
chapter-house  at  Hexham  might  not  be 


•  OaMT.  IfAa.,  Oet.  IMO^  pp. 


U 


I860.]       Society  of  Antiquaries^  Newcasile-upon-Tyne. 


519 


for  the  same  purpose.  The  transept  and 
stone  sUdrcase  formed  a  ready  access  from 
the  onter  door  mider  the  hunding  which 
opens  to  thn  chamber  and  to  that  above 
the  door,  which  Mr.  LongstafTe  sapposes 
to  correspond  with  those  at  Beverley  and 
Durham  for  the  sanctuary  attendants. 
After  mndi  interesting  bat  somewhat 
technical  matter,  Mr.  Longstaffe  identifies 
the  shrine  and  tomb  popularly  known  as 
Prior  Richard's  and  other  works  bearing 
the  initials  r.  2.  crossed  like  the  badge  of 
St.  Andrew,  with  Prior  Rowland  Lech- 
man,  who  prerided  over  the  monastery 
from  1479  to  1499.  To  his  soocessor, 
Thomas  Smithson,  must  be  attributed  the 
rood-screen,  (the  curious  inscription  on 
which  states  that  Prior  Thomas  Smithson 
made  it);  and  a  stone  in  a  house  of  the 
Market-place,  where  the  cross-keys  cf 
York  and  the  cross  of  St.  Andrew  are  ac- 
companied by  the  letters  t.  S.  interlaced. 

Dir.  Chariton  said  that  he  had  under- 
stood that  the  Saxon  cross  now  at  the 
Spital,  near  Hexham,  was  found  in  making 
a  grave  at  Warden,  and  that  its  head  is  in 
the  garden  at  the  latter  place.  The  part 
at  the  Spital  has  wheat  and  grapes  on  one 
sde,  and  the  crucifixion  on  the  other.  Of 
the  Spital  (St.GUes's  Hospital)  itself,  the 
greater  part  disappeared  at  a  recent  period, 
but  some  walls  and  a  wooden  image  of  St. 
Giles  still  remain.  He  himself  remembered 
the  departure  of  tiie  old  mulberry-tree. 

Oct.  8.  JoHv  HoDOSOir  Hmn,  Esq., 
T.-P.,  in  the  chair. 

An  expression  of  the  regret  of  the 
Society  at  the  decease  of  their  honoured 
and  venerable  President,  Sir  John  Edward 
Swinburne,  Bert.,  was  ordered  to  be  re- 
corded on  the  minutes. 

On  the  table  lay  an  assemblage  of  ob* 
jects  recently  fimnd  at  Lanchester,  near 
the  Boman  camp,  which  were  described 
by  Dr.  Charlton: — 

"  The  articles  were  discovered  on  the 
property  of  Mr.  Balleny,  in  the  bank  c(t  a 
eiDJoU  rivulet  that  flows  past  Greencroft, 
by  a  man  who  was  fishing  in  the  jtream. 
Their  position  was  about  four  £eet^  we  be- 
lieve, below  the  present  soil ;  and  his  at- 
tention was  called  to  them  by  observing 
one  of  the  axes  sticking  oat  of  the  ban£ 


All  the  articles  now  exhibited  are  ap- 
parently of  iron,  unless  the  broad  and 
perfect  double-edged  sword  be  of  bronse. 
The  articles  are  eighteen  in  number,  and 
conrist  of  two  sworas^ — one  broad,  double- 
edged  sword,  with  the  hilt  perfect;  the 
other,  much  corroded,  single-edged,  and 
ornamented  down  the  bliule.  Of  axes^ 
there  are  four, — three  of  one  form,  but 
difierent  sises^  and  the  fourth  of  another 
shape.  There  are  four  scythes;  a  double- 
headed  pick,  like  the  miner's  pick  of  the 
present  day,  but  much  smaller;  a  single- 
headed  mattock;  and  two  other  instru- 
ments <tf  iron.  We  have  likewise  a  ^nke- 
head,  a  ring  of  iron  like  that  of  a  bridle 
bit,  and  the  remains  of  a  buckle.  We  be- 
lieve that  all  the  articles  cUsoovered  are 
here,  f  xoept  one  axe-head. 

'*  llie  large  sword,  which  has  not  suf- 
fered, or  at  least  only  in  a  slight  degree^ 
from  corrosion,  and  is  of  a  metal  more    / 
resembling  bronze  than  iron,  is  84i  inches 
in  total  loDgth.    The  hilt,  from  the  cross- 
piece  to  the  to^  of  the  koob,  is  5  inches. 
The  blade,  which  tvpen  gradually  to  a 
point,  is  24  inches  at  its  broadest  part 
near  the  hilt.    Two  ^stinct  ribs  or  eleva- 
tions run  down  the  blade  at  about  half- 
an-inch  from  either  edge.    The  cross-piece 
is  crescent-shaped,  its  end  prqjecting  about 
half-an-inch  f^om  tbe  blade^  and  tending 
forward  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch. 
The  knob-piece  is  likewise  crescent-shaped; 
but  the  hollow  of  the  revened  crescent  is 
filled  up  by  the  knob,  itself  of  etongated 
form.    The  second  aword  is  of  Iron,  with- 
out the  hilt,  and  greatly  corroded.     Ita 
lenffth  is  about  80  inches,  of  which  the 
blade  measures  in  inches  about  26.    It  is 
nngle-edged,  and  along  the  Uade,  in  two 
linefl^  there  runs  an  inlaid  ornament,  i^>- 
parently  composed  c(t  alternate  inhering 
of  copper  and  gold,  and  about  one-eighih 
of  an  inch  in  toeadth.   From  some  indica- 
tions in  some  parts  c(t  tiie  blade,  we  are 
inclined  to  thiiik  that  on  the  upper  side 
oftheblade  this  line  was  doable.    One  of 
the  axes  is  what  is  called  the  taper-axe  in 
Anglo-Saxon  documents— or  at  least  it 
bears  a  resemblanoe  to  the  axes  found  in 
Angk>-Saxon  graves,  though  St  is  straight^' 
not  curved,  as  in  An|^o-SaxoD  spedmeni. 
The  other  three  azes^  one  large  and  two 
smaller,  have  a  long  falade  extended  parallel 
to  the  direction  of  the  shaft  upwaras  and 
downwards.    The  blade  of  the  largest  one 
is  exactly  12  Smflies  in  the  cutting-edge. 
The  mattock  and  pick  reqaire  no  par- 
ticular description,  except  that  both  are 
exceedingly  smalL     The  other  two  iron 
instruments  are  formed  of  bars  of  iron 
about  half-an-inoh  in  diameter,  squarc^  and 


520 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Nor. 


terminating  in  the  one  instance  in  a  spear- 
point  at  one  end,  and  a  gouge- shaped,  or 
rather  spoon  -  shaped,  formation  at  the 
other;  the  other,  which  is  about  18  inches 
long,  is  pointed-shaped  at  one  end,  and 
more  obtnse  at  the  other.  The  four 
scythes  are  almost  exactly  alike.  The 
blade  is  straight,  or  nearly  so,  with  a 
right-angled  crook  to  attach  it  to  the 
shaft.  Each  blade  is  about  16  inches  long, 
by  half-an-inch  in  breadth.    The  large 


iron  ring  and  bockle  may  posably  have 
formed  a  portion  of  horse-famiture." 

Dr.  Charlton  considered  that  the  largeit 
of  the  swords  was  of  ScaucUnaTian  origin, 
and  that  the  axes  and  scythes  might  be  from 
the  same  locality.  Mr.  White  contended 
that  some  of  the  implements  were  pro- 
bably agricultural;  and  one  at  least  seetiied 
to  him,  from  the  bearing  of  the  handle,  to 
have  been  a  hoe,  and  not  an  axe. 


YOEKSHIRE  PHILOSOPHICAL  SOCIETY. 


Oct.  2.  At  the  monthly  meeting  of 
this  Society,  T.  Allis,  Esq.,  in  the  chair, 
the  following  gentlemen  were  balloted 
for  and  admitted  members,  viz., — Colonel 
Hamley,  St.  Mary's,  York  ;  Dr.  Qibson, 
Bootham,  York;  Wm.  Driffield,  Esq, 
York;  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Wightman,  St. 
Mary's,  York;  and  E.  Graves,  Esq, 
Grove-terrace,  York,  F.  N.  Manning, 
Esq.,  the  Dispensary,  York,  was  elected 
an  Associate. 

The  Rev.  J.  Kenrick,  Curator  of  An- 
tiquities, called  the  attention  of  the  mem- 
bers to  the  inscription  on  the  monument 
of  Flavia  Angustina,  discovered  at  the 
Mount  near  York,  a  copy  of  which  is  given 
in  our  January  number  of  this  year.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  M'Caul,  President  of  University 
College,  Toronto,  having  seen  the  inscrip- 
tion, had  suggested  that  the  letter  i., 
which  stands  immediately  before  LEO.,  had 
formed  part  of  the  abbreviation  pel 
This  may  have  stood  either  for  Princeps 
or  Primipilaris,  examples  of  both  occurring 
in  inscriptions.  The  latter  is  perhaps  the 
more  probable.  The  primipilaris  was  the 
chief  of  the  centurions,  ranking  imme- 
diately below  the  tribunes,  and  of  course 
receiving  larger  pay  than  the  rest  of  the 
order.  The  monument  in  question,  though 
coarse  in  execution,  must  have  been 
costly,  and  we  may  conclude  that  Caere- 
sius,  who  dedicated  it  to  the  memory  of 
his  wife  and  children,  was  a  person  of 
biglicr  military  rank  than  a  common 
soldier. 

A  sepulchral  stone  was  lately  discovered 
in  the  cellar  of  St.  Mary's  Convent,  with- 
out Micklegat^-bar,  a  locality  which  has 
furnished  many  similar  monuments.  In 
the  upper  part  the  head  of  a  yoong  female 


is  sculptured,  with  a  wreath  on  one  side 
and  fruits  on  the  other.  The  inscription  is 

D.  M.   DECIMnfAB   DBOIMII   VIUAS.      The 

stone  is  mutilated  below,  and  the  part 
broken  off  has  not  been  found.  It  pro- 
bably contained  the  age  of  Dedmins*  with 
some  expression  of  parental  regret.  The 
names  Decimus  and  Decima,  Dedmius 
and  Decimia,  are  common  in  inscriptions ; 
Deciminus  is  rare,  but  is  found  on  a 
monument  at  Lyons.  See  Chruter,  ooclzzvi. 
8.  A  denarius  of  Antoninus  Pins,  foond 
in  York,  was  presented,  having  on  the 
reverse  the  hgend  yota  bubcspta  x,  a 
record  of  the  decennalian  vows  under- 
taken on  behalf  of  the  Emperor.  A 
colander  of  bronze  was  also  presented, 
found  at  Marston,  probably  Roman,  al- 
though the  circumstiinoes  of  its  discorery 
have  not  been  distinctly  ascertained. 

In  the  recent  excavations  on  the  shore 
at  Lendal,  a  leaden  bulla  was  discovered, 
bearing  the  inscription  hokobius,  p.p. 
III.  This  Pope,  whose  pontiftcata  ex- 
tended from  1216  to  1226,  is  eonneeted 
with  the  history  of  the  fkhrio  of  York 
Minster.  Archbishop  Walter  do  Qrey  was 
commencing  the  erection  of  the  tran- 
sept, fur  which  work  large  eontribntiona 
were  needed.  To  excite  the  liberaUty  of 
the  pious,  the  Archbishop,  the  Deui  aad 
Chapter,  the  Penitentiary,  and  two  of  the 
canons  petitioned  the  Pope  that  Arch- 
bishop William,  wlio  died  about  aefenty 
years  before,  might  be  inscribed  in  the 
catalogue  of  saints  in  the  Chnrch  militant^ 
on  the  ground,  not  only  of  his  holy  life 
and  conversation,  but  of  the  many  mira* 
cles  wrought  by  him  during  his  Ulb  and 
after  his  death.  The  letter  of  canoniia- 
tion  was  issued  from  the  Lateran  od  tha  - 


I860.] 


Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society. 


521 


18th  of  March,  1226,  "tied  with  a  silken 
string  and  a  bulla."  (Browne's  "York 
Minster,"  i.  52.)  If  the  bulla  lately  found 
be  not  the  identical  bulla  originally  af- 
fixed to  this  document,  it  do  doubt  baa 
issued  from  the  same  source.  The  collec- 
tion of  the  Society  contains  bull©  of 
Nicolas  III.  and  Gregory  IX.,  the  imme- 
diate successor  of  Honorius  III.,  which 
correspond  with  this  in  style.  In  the 
Journal  of  the  Archajological  Association, 
(ii.  97,)  is  given  a  drawing  of  an  iron 
instrument  used  in  stamping  these  bulla). 
Mr.  Corner,  by  whom  it  was  exhibited, 
does  not  say  where  it  was  obtained, 
whether  in  England  or  at  Rome.  It  is 
called  in  the  notice  "  an  instrument  used 
iorforghuf  pnpal  bulls ;"  but  perhaps  by 
this  word  is  only  meant  '  stamping*  them. 
No  doubt  such  documents  were  sometimes 
forged,  in  the  legal  sense ;  but  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  conceive  how  it  could  be  proved 
that  this  particular  instrument  was  used 
for  forgery. 

A  leaden  impression  of  the  conventual 
seal  of  the  abbey  of  Hayles  in  Gloucester- 
shire was  also  presenttd  to  the  Society.  It 
was  found  in  a  field  at  Acaster  Malbis,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ouse,  about  twenty  years 
ago,  but  was  thrown  aside  and  only  lately 
brought  again  under  the  notice  of  the 
occupant  of  the  farm  on  which  it  was  dis- 
covered. In  a  note  to  the  account  of  this 
celebrated  abbey,  contained  in  Dr.  Ban- 
dinel's  edition  of  the  Monasticon,  (5,687,) 
it  is  said  that  "  a  matrix  of  the  seal  is  in 
existence,  of  which  an  impression  is  in  the 
hands  of  one  of  the  editors  of  this  work ;" 
referring  no  doubt  to  Mr.  Caley.  The 
note  continues,  "It  represents  a  male 
figure,  supposed  to  be  that  of  the  founder," 
(Richard,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  second  son  of 
King  John,  who  was  afterwards  king  of 
the  Romans  and  emperor  of  Germany,) 
"  standing  upon  a  pedestal  and  having  in 
one  hand  a  globe  surmounted  by  a  cross, 
in  the  other  a  sceptre,"  (rather,  a  branched 
rod).  "  The  inscription  is  Sigilltjm  Fba.- 

TERNITATIS    MONASTEBII   BeATB    MaBIB 

DB  Hayles.  It  was  found  in  a  potatoe 
field,  called  Lowgarth,  near  Langrick  on 
the  Ouse,  in  1821."  This  drscription  cor- 
responds in  every  particular  with  the  im« 


pression  found  at  Acaster.  It  is  singular, 
as  Acaster  and  Langrick  are  near  to  each 
other,  and  on  the  same  bank  of  the  Ouse, 
that  the  matrix  should  have  been  found 
at  Langrick  in  1821,  and  this  impression 
at  Acaster  some  years  later,  neither  place 
having  any  known  connection  with  Haylea. 
Abbey.  As  it  does  not  appear  that  Mr. 
Caley  possessed  or  had  even  seen  the 
matrix,  it  may  be  that  his  impression,  and 
that  which  has  lately  come  to  light  at 
Acaster,  have  been  both  derived  from  the 
same  source,  neither  of  them  being  of  any 
high  antiquity.  The  Acaster  impression, 
certainly,  does  not  bear  the  marks  of 
havmg  been  long  buried  in  the  ground, 
or  exposed  upon  the  surfitce.  Perhaps 
this  notice  may  meet  the  eye  of  some  one 
who  could  give  evidence  of  the  discovery 
of  the  matrix,  or  point  out  where  it  now 
exists.  In  the  account  given  of  the  dis- 
covery in  the  Gbntlbmak's  Magazikb, 
(vol.  xciL  p.  545,)  it  is  called  a  seal,  not 
a  matrix,  and  is  said  to  be  of  mixed  or 
bell  metal.  Like  the  Acaster  impression, 
it  is  described  as  being  pierced  through 
the  shaft,  which  accords  better  with  a  seal 
than  a  matrix. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council  of 
the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  the 
secretary,  Mr.  Noble,  read  a  letter  from 
the  Town  Clerk  of  York,  accompanying 
a  drcular  from  the  Home  Office  %  in  which 
it  is  announced  that  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  have  authorised  the  payment  to 
finders  of  ancient  coins,  gold  or  silver 
ornaments,  or  other  relics  of  antiquity, 
of  the  actual  value  of  the  articles,  on  their 
being  delivered  up  for  the  behoof  of  the 
Crown,  and  desiring  that  if  the  finders 
neglect  or  refuse  to  give  them  up,  mea- 
sures may  be  taken  for  their  recovery, 
and  information  may  be  forwarded  to 
him.  The  Council  unanimously  resolved 
to  present  a  memorial  agunst  the  abofve 
order,  the  execution  of  which  would  not 
only  prevent  the  formation  or  Increase  of 
locsd  museums  of  archeology,  but  dis- 
courage the  efforts  of  those  who  might 
be  disposed  to  engage  in  antiquarian  re- 
searches. 

•  See  GcvT.  Mao.,  Oct.  1860,  p.  385. 


523  [Nov. 


ContiEfponHenre  of  Sb^Xbnmi  mtbmu 


[^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable^  far 
publication,  but  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  Gentleman's  MAGAzm  coniaimimg 
their  Communications  may  be  forwarded  to  them.^ 

ARCHBISHOP  HOLDEGATE'S  PALL. 

Mb.  Ueba.n, — I  had  frequently  been  puzzled  by  an  entry  in  Dr.  Dacarel's 
Excerpts  from  Cranmer's  Register,  which  seemed  to  imply  that  on  the 
confirmation  of  Dr.  Robert  Holdegate  as  Archbishop  of  York,  Cranmer^ 
who  was  at  that  time  not  in  communion  with  the  Court  of  Rome,  had  de- 
livered to  the  Archbishop  elect  a  pall,  the  garment  which,  daring  the 
greater  part  of  the  Middle  Ages,  was  understood  to  be  a  sign  of  the 
plenitude  of  metropolitan  power,  and  as  such  was  only  bestowed  by  the 
Pope.  The  question  naturally  suggested  itself.  Whence  did  Cranmer  get 
this  pall,  or  authority  to  bestow  it  ?  Theoretically  it  ought  to  have  come 
from  contact  with  the  body  of  St.  Peter  himself.  Had  he  ventured  on 
a  parody  of  the  Papal  rite?  or  was  the  pall  he  delivered  something 
entirely  different  from  the  Roman?  or,  finally,  was  not  the  whole  entry 
a  misapplication,  taken  from  the  ancient  forms  by  some  ignorant  copyist  ? 

The  other  day,  having  an  opportunity  by  Mr.  Knyvett's  kindness,  I 
copied  out  the  original  record  from  the  Register,  and  as  it  is  no  doubt 
unique,  for  no  other  archbishop,  for  the  last  thousand  years,  has  ever 
ventured  on  such  an  act  except  as  the  Pope's  delegate,  I  transmit  to  you 
a  copy,  in  the  hope  that  it  may  interest  some  of  your  ecclesiastical  and 
antiquarian  readers.  I  believe  that  it  has  never  been  printed,  even  if  it 
has  been  noticed  before.  The  ceremony  took  place  Jan.  16,  1545»  in 
Lambeth  chapel,  in  the  presence  of  the  Archbishop,  and  the  Bishops  of 
Westminster  and  Chichester,  and  Mr.  Antony  Ruse,  Registrar.  The  oath 
taken  on  the  occasion  is  printed  in  Wilkins's  Concilia.  The  entry  occurs 
in  the  Register,  folio  309  : — 

Orationes  ante  Benedictioneh  Paliu. 

Salvum  fac  servum  Tuum : 
Deus  Meus,  &c. 
Mitt«  ei  Domine,  &c. 
Et  de  Syon,  &c. 
Dominus  vobiscum. 
Oremus. 

Deus  Pater  et  Pastor  Ecclesiaa  Triumphantis,  famulum  Tuum  quem  pastcnsm 
ecclesiae  Tuas  militanti  prseesse  voluisti,  propitius  respice,  Da  ei  verbo  et  ezemplo 
quibus  prssest  ita  proficere,  ut  ad  illorum  oonsortium  quomm  vkeni  geril  in 


I860.]  Archbishop  Holdegates  Pall.  528 

terris,  unk  cum  grege  sibi  credito,  yaleat  feliciter  penrenire,  per  Christund 
Dominum  nostrum. 

BsKXDicno  Pallii. 

Adjutorium  nostrum,  &o. 

Qui  fecit  coelum,  &c. 

Sit  nomen  Domini,  &c. 

Ex  hoc,  &c. 

Oremus. 

Simune  ver^  Sacerdos  ac  Sterne  Pontifez,  Domine  Jesu,  ft  quo  omnia  honor  et 
potestas  principium  obtinet  et  effectum,  benedicere  et  sanottficaie  digneris  hoc 
pontificalis  dignitatis  plenitudinis  insigne,  ut  quicumque  tali  prseditus  honoris 
signo,  in  ministerio  sacro  ad  Uudem  et  gloriam  Nominis  Tui,  eis  in  oonspeetu 
populi  Tui  usus  fuerit^  hoc  in  ejus  dign^  splendeat  actabus  quod  prsBmiis  re- 
mimeretur  aatemis,  Qui  vivis,  &o. 

Atperg<aur  aqua  in  hoc  verba:  Ab  ipso  sanctifioetur  hoc  insigne  in  eajus 
honore  instituitur,  In  Nomine  Patris,  &e. 

Traditio  PaUii. 

Ad  honorem  Dei  Patris  Omnipotentis,  Filii  et  SpiritAs  Saneti,  Xntemerataeque 
Virginis  MarisB  et  totius  coelestis  ezercitCis,  ac  illustrissimi  et  serenissimi  in 
Ohristo  principis  et  domini  nostri,  Domini  Henrici  Octavi,  &o.,  cni  soli  et  nulli 
alii  obedientiam  et  fidelitatem  debes  et  exhibuisti,  in  decus  Eoclesin  An^^canss 
ac  MetropolitansB  Eoclesiie  Eboracensis  tibi  oommissss,  tradimns  Ubi  Pallium  in 
plenitudine  Pontificalis  dignitatis,  ut  eo  utaris  in  divinis  celebrandis,  infrft 
Ecclesiam  Tuam  et  omnibus  diebus  ab  antique  usitatis.  Aocipe  igitnr,  ftater 
charissime,  e  manibus  nostris  pallium  hoc  humeris  tuis  impodtum,  summi,  yis. 
sacerdotii  Domini  Nostri  Je«n  Christi  signum,  per  quod  undique  yallatus  atque 
munitus  yaleas  hostis  human!  temptamentis  Tiriliter  resistere  et  uniTersas  ejus 
insidias  solerter  et  penetialibus  cordis  tui  divino  suffiiltus  munimine^  proeul 
abjicere,  pnestante  eodem  Domino  nostro  Jesu  Ohristo,  qui  cum  Spiritu  Saneto 
in  Unitate  Patris  viyit  et  regnat  per  omnia  Siscula  SsBCulormn,  dee. 

Oratio  post  Traditionem  Pallii. 

Deus,  qui  de  excelso  coalorum  habitacnlo  oorda  fidelium,  Spiritus  Saneti  gratia 
cooperante,  corroborando  illustras^  ArduprsBsulem  hunc  quem  Sanotitatis  Pallio 
decorasti,  Yirtutum  coelestium  robore  confirma,  et  gratin  Tun  superfluentis  rore 
copiose  asperga,  ut  ejus  exemplo  pariter  et  documento  fiunuli  Tui  derus  et 
populus  ea  commissus,  iter  Titso  ingredi  et  cum  eo  regni  tni  oonsodi  fieri 
mereantur,  per  Dominum  Nostrum. 

On  this  document  I  have  to  remark,  first,  that  the  forms  of  the  prayers 
before  and  on  delivery  of  the  pall  are  almost  identical  with  those  customarily 
used  on  like  occasions,  which  will  be  found  in  Maskell's  Man.  BU*^  lii. 
299,  &c.;  the  peculiarity  consists  in  the  Benedietio  JPaUii;  of  which  I 
have  no  means  of  judging  whether  it  is  a  copy  of  the  order  used  by  the 
popes  or  an  original  composition.  Secondly,  that  no  one  ought  to  take 
o£fence,  as  if  Granmer  had  been  doing  a  piece  of  hypocrisy  in  this  act,  or 
a  mere  mockery  of  a  ceremony  which  he  had  no  right  to  celebrate.  I  will 
refer  to  De  Marc&,  lib.  vi.  c.  7,  from  which  place  it  will  be  seen  that  tha 
pall  was  not  in  its  original  use  a  sacerdotd,  but  an  imperial  robe,  that  it 
was  bestowed  first  by  the  emperors  only,  and  afterwards  by  the  popes  with 


524  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban.  *  [NoV, 

their  permission,  or  with  the  permission  of  the  kings  of  France  on  French 
bishops,  and  that  the  use  of  it  as  a  sign  of  the  plenitude  of  metropolitan 
dignity  was  much  later  than  the  original  custom  of  bestowing  it  as  a  dis- 
tinction of  honour  or  compliment.  Tiiirdly,  that  Cranmer  seems  to  have 
acted  on  the  occasion,  consciously  or  unconsciously,  as  the  '*  alterius  orbis 
apostolicus  et  patriarcha."  (Eadmer,  Vit,  S.  Anselmi,  ii.  4.)— I  am,  &c. 
Navestock,  Oct.  12,  1860.  William  Stubbs. 


TILTEY  ABBEY,  ESSEX. 

Mb.  TJkban,— Will  you  allow  me  to  offer  you  a  brief  description  of 
a  monastic  house  in  Essex  which,  Ijring  somewhat  remote  from  the  high 
road,  is  not  often  visited  ?  Tiltey  Abbey,  distant  four  miles  from  Great 
Dunmow,  and  one  from  Great  Easton,  affords  a  beautiful  specimen  of  De- 
corated  architecture;  the  details  are  remarkably  elegant.  It  is  difficult 
to  imagine  that  the  present  edifice  was  the  church  belonging  to  the  abbey, 
inasmuch  as  its  ground-plan  is  a  simple  parallelogram,  and  not  cruciform ; 
it  seems  more  likely  that  the  existing  building  was,  as  has  been  conjectored 
by  some  writers,  the  chapel  to  the  hospital  for  strangers  at  the  abbey 
gate.  Be  this  as  it  may,  it  now  forms  the  parish  church  of  Tiltey,  and 
with  the  exception  of  a  large  portion  of  grouted  wall,  from  which  the 
ashlar  stones  have  been  removed,  constitutes  all  that  remains  of  the  con- 
ventual buildings.  The  west  front  and  greater  portions  of  the  side  walls 
are  Early  English  in  character,  with  very  deeply  splayed  windows.  The 
original  side  walls  do  not  appear  to  have  extended  further  in  an  eastern 
direction,  as  the  Early  English  piscina,  &c.,  remain  almost  entire  on  the 
south  side ;  immediately  next  to  which  commences  the  additional  portions  of 
the  church,  which  consist  of  Decorated  work  of  the  finest  character.  Ex« 
ternally,  this  eastern  portion  has  a  fine  bold  buttress  at  each  of  the  angles, 
each  buttress  containing  a  niche  which  is  partly  in  it  and  partly  in  the 
eastern  wall  of  the  church.  That  wall  itself,  up  to  the  stringcourse,  oon« 
sists  of  squared  stone  and  flint,  chequered  alternately,  above  which  rises 
the  beautiful  eastern  window  of  five  lights,  the  flattened  gable  of  the 
building  being  surmounted  by  a  stone  cross  of  exquisite  design  and  in 
good  preservation.  On  the  north  and  south  sides  of  the  chancel  are 
windows  of  equal  beauty  and  design,  but  less  magnitude ;  and  within  the 
chancel  are  sedilia  and  a  piscina  of  corresponding  excellence.  On  entering 
the  church  the  visitor's  attention  is  arrested  by  a  venerable  gravestODe,  on 
which  is  a  small  brass  plate  with  the  following  inscription : — 

"  Abbas  famofios,  bonus  et  vivendo  probatos 
In  Thakely  natus,  qui  jacet  hie  tomulatus 
Thomas  dictatas  qui  Xpo  fit  sociatus 
Rite  gubemavit  istnmqae  locum  p'amavit." 
9 


I860.]  Ttltey  Abbey,  Essex.  525 

Thakely  Street,  as  it  is  called,  the  birth-place  of  this  worthy  abbot,  is 
about  six  miles  distant,  and  stands  on  the  present  and  Roman  road  from 
Bishop's  Stortford  to  Dunmow.  Judging  from  the  character  of  the  inscrip- 
tion, it  seems  probable  that  Abbot  Thomas  lived  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

Eastward  of  this  slab  hes  another  of  very  interesting  character.  The 
matrices,  once  deeply  filled  with  brass,  shew  a  beautiful  cross  of  early 
design  extending  over  the  slab,  around  which,  and  between  fillets,  can 
still  be  read  the  inscription,  in  Longobardic  capitals,  similar  to  those  on 
the  gravestone  of  Jone  de  Kobeham,  in  Cobham  Church,  Kent;  it  is  as 
follows : — 

"MaHATTD  :  DE  MOBTBMSB  :  GIST  :  Yd  :  IlSU  :  PUB  : 
Sa  SB(w?)efITE  :  BMI8EBIC0BDB  :  DB  SA  :  ALME  :  BIT  :  MBBOT  :" 

There  are  three  other  brasses  (all  of  which  seem  to  have  been  brought 
from  other  parts  of  the  church)  within  the  communion-rails,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  chancel.  That  on  the  south  side  represents  a  knight  in  armour 
with  his  lady,  habited  in  the  costume  of  the  sixteenth  century ;  at  their  feet 
are  ^ye  sons  and  six  daughters.  On  the  slab  are  four  shields  of  arms,  two 
at  top  and  two  at  bottom,  with  the  following  inscription : — 

*'Hic  jacet  sepultus  cum  Conjuge  Maria  Gerardns  Danet  de  Bronkynsthorp  in 
Comitatu  Lecestrie  Armiger  et  serenissimi  Reg^  Henrici  octavi  Consiliarios.  Obiit 
anno  a  Christi  nato  Quingentesimo  tx?  die  mensis  Maii  quarto  et  aDno  predicU  Regis 
Henrici  xv^  quor  aib^  propicietar  Deos  Amen." 

Weever  states  '*  that  Bruntingthorpe,  neare  to  Leicester,  hath  long  been 
the  habitation  of  the  antient  familie  of  Dannet,  who  beareth  Sable,  guttle 
argent,  a  canton  ermine  ;**  and  such  bearing  appears  among  the  quarterings 
on  some  of  the  shields  on  the  brass  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel, 
whereon  is  pourtrayed  the  effigy  of  a  knight  in  armour,  with  his  head 
resting  on  his  helmet,  his  hands  conjoined  in  prayer,  and  his  feet  cased  in 
broad-toed  soUerets.  By  his  side  is  his  lady  in  Elizabethan  costume,  her 
dress  open  in  front,  and  a  pomander  hanging  down  almost  to  her  feet. 
Below  are  the  figures  of  three  boys  and  two  girls.  There  are  also  three 
shields  of  arms,  on  some  of  which,  as  previously  stated,  the  arms  of  Dannet 
appear.  What  relationship  existed  between  the  families  must  be  left  for 
better  heralds  and  genealogists  than  the  writer  to  explain. 

The  inscription  on  the  second  brass  is  as  follows : — 

"  Here  under  lyeth  buryed  w*»  Mary  hys  wyfe,  George  Medeley  of  Tyltey,  in  the 
County e  ol  Essex,  Esquier,  which  deceysed  the  one  and  twenty eth  daye  of  Maye,  In 
the  yere  of  oure  Lord  God  one  thowsand  fyve  hundreth  threescore  and  two,  and  in 
the  fowcr  and  fyfteth  yere  of  hya  age." 

The  last  brass  to  be  described  lies  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  chancel, 
close  to  the  communion-table :  it  represents  a  lady  kneeling  at  a  faldstool ; 
on  her  right  are  three  sons,  to  her  left  as  many  daughters,  and  beneath 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  8  b 


626  Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urtan.  [Nov. 

three  children  in  swaddling  clothes,  typical  of  their  deaths  in  infancy. 

Above  the  lady's  head  are  three  shields  of  arms,  and  the  words — 

"  Christns  mihi  vita 
Mors  mihi  lucmm." 

Beneath  we  read, — 

"  Here  lyeth  buryed  the  body  of  Margaret  Take,  wife  unto  George  Toke^  of  Layer 
Marney  in  the  County  of  Essex,  Esquier,  who  deceased  the  25  day  of  October, 
Anno  Dommi  1590." 

Such  are  the  brasses  in  the  abbey  church  of  Tiltey,  and  well  are  they 
worth  a  pilgrimage  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  rubbings  of  them.     Your 
pages,  Mb.  Ubban,  may  not  be  occupied  with  long  digests  of  the  MonoM- 
ticon,  Morant*s  valued  tome,  Britton,  and  other  writers,  for  information 
which  may  readily  be  obtained  respecting  the  subject  of  this  paper,  neither 
is  it  my  purpose  to  do  more  than  chronicle  generally  the  things  of  antiquity 
which  still  remain  for  the  inspection  of  the  antiquary,  but  yet  we  may 
scarcely  leave  the  consideration  of  Tiltey  Abbey  without  informing  the 
general  reader  that  it  was  an  abbey  of  White,  or  Cistercian  monks,  founded, 
according  to  Camden,  by  Maurice  Fitzgilbert  in  the  twelfth  century,  that 
it  lasted  until  the  year  1535,  when  in  the  chapter-house,  of  which  do  relic 
is  now  to  be  traced,  John  Palmer,  the  last  abbot,  resigned  for  ever  the 
pastoral-staff  with  which  he  had  presided  over  the  monastery  of  the  Blessed 
St.  Mary  of  Tiltey.     The  common  seal  of  the  abbey,  in  the  finest  possible 
preservation,  is  in  the  possession  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and 
capital  impressions  of  it  may  be  obtained  from  that  well-skilled  seal-col- 
lector, Mr.  Reddy  of  Lowestoft.     It  is  circular  in  form,  and  represents  the 
Virgin  with  the  Child  Jesus  standing  under  a  gorgeous  canopy,  while  the 
abbot  and  five  attendant  monks  in  the  monastery  are  singing  praises  in 
their  names ;  around  is  the  legend, — 

"  Sigillum  Commune  Monasterii  BeatsB  Maria  de  lYltey." 

I  am,  &c.  C.  S. 


SYNAGOGUES  AT  ORLEANS  AND  ESTABTPES. 

Mb.  Ubban, — Rigordus,  the  biographer  at  Orleans   and  Estampes,  the  dtlaemv 

of  Philip  Augustus,  tells  ns  that,  in  the  following  the  zeal  of  their  king,  not  only 

year  1183,  that  king  drove  the  Jews  out  had  the  Jews'  synagognes  oontecrated  as 

of  liis  dominions,  and  had  their  synagogues  chnrches,  bat  endowed  them  as  ooUegiate 

consecrated    as    churches    in    honour  of  churches: — 

Christ  and  St.  Mary :—  "H^us   ad   exemplum   AureliaiMnflei 

"EasdemsynagogasecclesiasDeodedi-  P^'l?    mducti,  caput    suum,  Le.   Bmm 

can  fecit,  et  ad  honorem  Domini  nostri  \™**^*  cupientee,  m  ecdetiA  qpm  quondam 

Jesu  Christi  et  beat©  Dei  genitricis  et  ^^^rebanii   ftierat    synsgoga,    prsBbeiidM 

virginis  Mariffi,  in  iisdem  altaria  conse-  Pfrpetno  insti^enmt,  u\n  dena  ordinati 

crari  prsBcepit."— (p.  166,  ed.  Frankfort,  Sf®  ^  ^^^^  divina  odebrant  offiaa  pro 

l^QQ\  Rege  ct  pro  omm  Chnstiaiio  popmlo  ei 

pro  statu  ipdus  regni  Franoomm.   Simili 

He  goes  on  especially  to  mention  that  modo  in  Eoded4  Stampensit  qnm  ftiefmt 


I860.] 


Synagogues  at  Orleans  and  Estampes. 


527 


synagoga,  factum  fuisse  vidimus." — (lb., 
p.  167.) 

Many  of  your  readers  will  doubtless 
remember  Mr.  Scott's  most  interesting 
description  of  the  medisoval  synagogue 
still  in  use  at  Prague.  That  is  a  four- 
teenth century  building.  It  is  clear  that 
those  synagogues  of  the  twelfth  century 
could  not  have  been  inferior  to  it;  for 
buildings  which  were  thought  worthy  of 
being  consecrated  as  churches,  and  one  of 
them  of  being  endowed  as  a  collegiate 
church  in  the  second  city  of  the  King's 
immediate  dominions,  must  have  been 
structures  of  some  size  and  some  architec- 
tural merit. 

The  question  now  arises,  Are  any  re- 
mains of  these  synagogues  to  be  found 
among  the  existing  churches  of  Orleans 
and  Estampes  ?  On  this  point  I  shall  be 
glad  of  any  information  from  those  who 
are  versed  in  the  ecclesiastical  history  of 
those  towns. 

I  do  not  know  whether  we  are  bound 
to  infer  from  the  words  of  Rigordus  that 
all  the  synagogues  received  the  particular 
dedication  of  St.  Mary  —  Gallic^  Ndtre 
Dame.  His  expression  would  be  literally 
satisfied  by  an  altar  of  St.  Mary  in  each, 
though  the  church  itself  had  some  other 
dedication.  Still  it  is  among  churches  called 
ydtre  Dame  that  we  should  most  naturally 
look  for  the  converted  synagogues. 

Estampes  has  four  very  good  churches, 
all  containing  portions,  greater  or  smaller, 
as  old  or  older  than  1183.  But  we  must 
observe  that  the  phrase  of  Rigordus  is  not 
merely  "  a  church  at  Estampes,"  but  "  the 
church  of  Estampes" — "Ecclesia  Stam- 
peiisis,  qu8B  ftierat  synagoga."  **  Ecdesia 
Stampensis"  is  a  common  formula  for  the 
chief  church  of  a  town,  cathedral,  collegi- 
ate, or  conventual.  I  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  this  "Ecclesia  Stampensis,  qus9 
fuerut  synagoga"  means  the  present  church 
of  N6tre  Dame  at  Estampes,  which  is 
much  the  largest  of  the  four.  It  is  a  most 
extraordinary  building,  both  in  outline  and 
ground-plan,  and  I  remember,  puzzled  me 


not  a  little,  though  certainly  no  notion  of 
its  possible  Hebrew  origin  presented  itself 
to  me.  The  greater  part  must  be  later 
than  1183,  but,  as  £eu*  as  I  remember, 
there  is  a  good  deal  which  must  be  older. 
It  would  be  worth  while  to  examine  it 
minutely,  in  order  to  resolve  this  special 
point,  whether  this  church  be  not  really 
the  old  synagogue  of  the  twelfth  century 
recast  and  enlarged  in  the  thirteenth.  Of 
course  I  only  throw  this  out  as  a  hint  to 
those  who  are  better  versed  in  the  local 
history  of  Estampes  than  I  am.  But  I 
may  remark  that  the  parts  which  look 
oldest  have  a  most  unusually  military  look. 
Defence  would  naturally  be  a  very  impor- 
tant consideration  in  the  days  of  its  He- 
brew occupation. 

The  other  three  churches  at  Estampes 
are  less  likely  to  be  the  one  we  want. 
St.  BasU  and  St.  Giles  (called  by  Mr.  Petit 
St.  Jules)  are  fine  cross  churches;  St. 
Martin  has  a  most  beautiful  Transitional 
apse  with  radiating  chapels.  But  none 
of  them  present  anything  like  the  singu- 
larities of  N6tre  Dame,  and  I  can  hardly 
think  that  any  one  of  them  was  the  **  Ec- 
clesia  Stampenus." 

Of  the  churches  of  Orleans  I  know  less; 
I  have  notes  of  three  only,  no  one  of  which 
is  called  N6tre  Dame.  But  we  must  ob- 
serve that  Rigord  does  not  speak  of  "Ec- 
clesia  Aurelianensis"  like  '*  Eodeda  Stam- 
pensis." The  synagogue  did  not»  as  at 
Estampes,  become  the  principal  church  of 
the  city.  We  must  not  look  for  our  syna- 
gogue either  in  the  cathedral  church  of 
St.  Cross  or  in  the  (I  believe)  conventual 
church  of  St.  Anian.  The  only  other 
church  I  know  in  Orleans  is  one  with  the 
odd  name  of  St.  Pierre  le  Puellier;  but 
doubtless  there  are,  or  at  any  rate  have 
been,  many  others;  and  probably  soma 
local  antiquary  may  be  able  to  identify 
the  missing  synagogue. — I  am,  &&, 

Edwabd  a.  Fbssmajt. 

Somerleate,  Wellt, 
Oct.  18, 1860. 


528 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Nov. 


EPISCOPAL  NAMES  IN  THE  TWELFTH  CENTURY. 


Mb.  Ubbak, — Although  I  have  declared 
an  intention  of  leaving  "  The  Writer  in 
the  'National  Review"'  to  himself,  I  shall 
be  glad  if  yoa  will  allow  me  room  for  some 
remarks  on  the  letter  of  **  W.  8.  N." 

Your  correspondent  appears  to  have 
made  episcopal  names  an  object  of  especial 
study,  and  I  should  be  very  glad  to  profit 
by  his  lessons;  but,  unfortunately,  they  are 
much  too  advanced  for  me.  He  argues  in 
a  way  which  I  am  unable  to  follow;  he 
draws  distinctions  which  I  cannot  appre- 
hend; he  uses  illustrations  of  which  I 
cannot  sec  the  pertinency.  In  one  case, 
(that  of  Herbert,  bishop  of  Norwich,)  he 
lays  down,  as  if  it  were  settled  and  gene- 
rally acknowledged,  an  opinion  which  is 
altogether  new  to  me;  in  another  case, 
(that  of  Ralph,  bishop  of  Durham,)  he 
intimates  that  everybody  is  supposed  to 
be  acquainted  with  something  which  I 
cannot  possibly  g^ess  at;  but  in  neither  of 
these  instances  does  he  tell  us  anything  of 
the  g^unds  on  which  his  opinion  rests,  and 
in  the  second  of  them,  he  does  not  even 
hint  what  it  is  that  we  are  expected  to  be- 
lieve. I  am  quite  willing  to  take  on  my* 
self  the  whole  blame  of  my  inability  to  un- 
derstand his  letter,  but  I  really  must  ven- 
ture to  ask  for  some  explanations. 

"  Of  all  the  bishops  of  the  century,  down 
to  1162,"  says  "W.S.N,"  "only  Henry 
Murdac,  Archbishop  of  York,  and  Walter 
Durdent,  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  have  names 
similar  to  Beckct.  All  the  rest,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Peches  and  Pfolliotts, 
bore  either  patronymics,  territorial  names, 
or  nicknames , . .  Peche  is,  however,  on  the 
roll  of  Battle  Abbey;  Ffolliott  is  also  a 
Conquest  family;  Murdac  appears  under 
the  form  of  Filius  Murdac  on  another  an- 
cient roll  of  the  Conqueror's  followers." 

Wbat  is  the  distinction  in  kind  between 
the  names  Murdac,  Durdent,  and  Becket, 
on  the  one  hand,  and  the  names  Peche  and 
Ffolliott,  on  the  other  ?  Before  reaching 
the  end  of  the  paragraph,  I  supposed  it  to 
be  that  Peche  and  Ffolliott  came  into  Eng- 
land at  the  Conquest,  and  that  the  others 
were  somewhat  later ;  and  if  such  had  been 
the  meaning,  I  might  have  asked  how  this 
could  prove,  or  help  to  prove,  that  the 


name  of  Becket  did  not  belong  to  Thomas 
of  Canterbury.  But  then  we  are  told  that 
Murdac,  too,  appears  among  the  names  of 
the  Conqueror's  followers,  so  that  I  am 
quite  at  a  loss  what  to  make  of  the  pas- 
sage. And  there  are  other  puxzUng  things 
in  it.  How,  for  example,  is  it  known  that 
Durdent  (which  seems  to  mean  hard- 
tooth)  belongs  to  the  class  of  surnames 
rather  than  to  that  of  nicknames  ?  And  is 
not  Murdac,  in  the  combination  FiUut 
Murdac,  a  Christian  name  rather  than  a 
surname  ? 

May  I  also  ask  why  "  W.  S.  N.*»  writes 
the  name  FoUot  in  the  fiuluon  which  I 
have  copied  above  P  Some  years  ago  I 
applied  to  "  Notes  and  Queries"  for  an  ex* 
planation  of  the^  which  some  persons  are 
pleased  to  substitnte  for  J^as  the  initial  of 
their  sumsmes,  and  the  result,  as  gathered 
from  several  answers,  was  as  I  had  ex* 
pccted, — that  the  practice  has  arisen  out 
of  a  misunderstanding  of  MS.  docoment^ 
in  which  the  capital  J*  has  the  Ibrm  of  two 
small  letters.  From  this  it  wonld  seem  to 
follow,  1.  that  in  printing,  and  in  any 
kind  of  written  hand  which  poMtaifs  a 
distinct  form  of  the  capital  F,  tbe^  ought 
not  to  be  used;  and  2.  that  for  the  oomhi- 
nation  of  a  small  letter  with  the  eapital 
there  cannot  be  even  that  fklse  appearance 
of  MS.  authority  which  has  led  to  tlie  use 
of  the  initial  ff. 

I  need  not  here  re-state  my  gromids 
for  believing  that  the  surname  of  Becket 
is  rightly  given  to  the  Archbishop.  Bat 
I  am  unable  to  follow  <*  W.&N.**  in  one 
of  the  most  important  points  c^  his  parallel 
between  "St.  Thomas  and  St  Edmond.** 
For,  although  "  both  were  jetted  from  the 
Calendar  by  Henry  VIII.,"  sorely  there 
was  such  a  difference  as  to  the  manner  of 
their  ejection  as  entirsly  to  destroy  the 
likeness.  Reverence  for  Edmond  was  no 
conspicuous  part  of  the  ijjstem  whidi 
Henry  VIII.  attacked;  his  shrioe  at  Poo- 
tigny, — even  if  it  was  then  better  worth 
rubbing  than  it  is  in  our  own  time,  when  it 
has  fallen  into  a  wretched  state  of  decay, — 
was  beyond  the  reach  of  the  Engti^  king's 
rapacity;  and  his  name  (in  soihr  as  I  know) 


I860.]  Episcopal  Names  in  the  Twelfth  Century. 


529 


was  merely  swept  away  from  the  Calendar 
among  a  multitude  of  others.  But  I 
need  not  say  that  the  ejection  of  "St. 
Thomas"  was  a  very  marked  and  special 
thing;  and  on  this  account  it  is  that  I 
should  wish  to  speak  of  him  under  some 
designation  which  may  not  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  partisanship  on  the  side  either 
of  the  Roman  Church  or  of  the  king. 
When  "W.S.  N."  tells  us  that  "no  one 
ever  talks  or  writes  of  Archhishop  Rich," 
I  might  meet  him  with  the  question. 
Did  any  one  thirty  years  ago  talk  or  write 
of  "  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury"  ?  But  it 
is  more  important  to  point  out  that 
"  W.  S.  N."  seems  here  to  admit  modern 
usage  as  a  guide  for  us  in  such  matters ; 
which  is  precisely  what  I  had  supposed 
him,  in  common  with  "  The  Writer  in  the 
•National  Review,'"  most  especially  to 
deny. 

"  Of  course,"  your  correspondent  goes  on, 
"  if  it  be  an  inconvenient  affectation  to  call 
a  man  by  the  name  which  he  bore  among 
his  contemporaries,  no  further  discussion 
is  needed."  I  must  take  the  liberty  of 
saying  that  the  flippant  misrepresentation 
contained  in  this  sentence  is  more  worthy 
of  "The  Writer  in  the  'National  Review'" 
than  of  such  an  opponent  as  I  really  be- 
lieve "  W.  S.  N."  to  be.  He  cannot  but 
know  that  I  have  never  maintained,  as  a 
general  proposition,  that  which  he  here 
imputes  to  me.  But  I  said,  and  still  think, 
that  if  the  surname  of  Becket  really  be- 
longed to  the  Archbishop,  it  would  be  an 
iuconvcnient  affectation  to  deny  ourselves 
the  use  of  it  on  the  ground  that  his  con- 
temporaries preferred  to  speak  of  him  by 
his  official  title.  It  would  be  an  affecta- 
tion, as  being  a  needless  departure  from 
the  common  practice  of  later  writers;  and 
it  would  be  inconvenient,  because  it  would 
deprive  us  of  a  means  of  marking  his  indi- 
viduality and  of  introducing  some  variety 
of  designation  into  narratives  of  his  life. 
So  opposite,  indeed,  is  my  own  feeling  on 
such  matters  to  that  of  your  other  two 
correspondents,  that,  if  I  had  believed  the 
surname  of  Becket  to  be  wrongly  given,  I 
should,  after  stating  this  once  for  all,  have 
held  myself  at  full  liberty  to  make  use  of 
the  name,  as  being  that  by  which  the 


Archbishop  is  commonly  known  in  history. 
If  the  contrary  principle  were  to  be  en- 
forced, we  should  be  forbidden  to  speak  of 
Chryaostom  or  of  Charlemagne  ;  we  should 
hardly  be  allowed  to  speak  of  Aboard  by 
any  other  name  than  Peter,  Nay,  the 
title  of  Saint  (which  your  correspondents 
are  so  much  disposed  to  insist  on  in  the 
case  of  Thomas  of  Canterbury)  must  be 
refused,  not  only  to  him,  but  to  every  one 
else  who  bears  it.  Indeed,  there  is  no 
knowing  to  what  extravagant  lengths  this 
kind  of  purism  may  be  carried ;  perhaps 
we  may  next  be  forbidden  to  speak  of  Lord 
Macaulay's  writings,  on  the  ground  that 
at  the  time  of  thtir  ori^nal  publication 
the  author's  contemporaries  knew  him 
and  spoke  of  him  only  as  a  commoner. 

I  am,  as  has  been  already  intimated, 
unable  to  understand  how  "W.  S.  N.V* 
examples  of  "the  absurd  mistakes  into 
which  the  practice  of  modernizing  sur- 
names has  led  able  writers"  can  serve  to 
illustrate  the  question  whether  Archbishop 
Thomas  ought  to  be  spoken  of  under  the 
name  of  Becket.  But,  as  some  of  the 
names  which  he  mentions  have  an  interest 
for  me,  I  am  glad  that  he  has  added  these 
examples,  whether  relevant  or  otherwise. 

"When,"  asks  your  correspondent,  "shall 
we  have  heard  for  the  last  time  of  Arch- 
bishop Roger  of  Bishopsbridge,  i.e.  Pont 
TEvfeque  ?"  I  beg  leave  to  say  that  from 
me,  at  least,  no  one  has  ever  heard  of 
"Bbhopsbridge"  in  connection  with  Roger, 
except  for  the  purpose  of  pointing  out  that 
the  name  is  a  mistake,  ("  Becket,"  p.  20.) 
But  I  must  confess  that  the  next  instance 
of  error, — **  Bishop  Sawbridge,  i.e.  John  of 
Pontoise,  LalM  Pontiserra  or  Pontisara," 
— awakens  uncomfortable  recollections  in 
me.  Not  that  I  have  ever  spoken  of  John 
of  Pontoise  under  the  name  of  Sawbridge 
or  any  other  name ;  but  in  connexion  with 
the  mention  of  a  certain  Abbot  Walter,  I 
have,  in  a  book  which  it  is  not  likely  that 
"  W.  S.  N."  has  ever  done  me  the  honour 
of  looking  at,  translated  Pontisara  by 
Pont-Ithre,  No  doubt  the  same  blunder 
had  been  made  before  me  by  some  of  my 
betters,  such  as  Gieseler  (Kirchen^e- 
schichte,  II.  ii.  15,)  and  the  Dean  of  St. 
Paul's,  (Latin  Christianity,  iiL  148).  Bnt 


530 


Correspondence  of  Syhantu  Urbane 


[Nov. 


it  was  the  less  excusable  in  me,  because  I 
had  observed  the  position  of  Pontisara  in 
one  of  Sprnner's  maps,  and  ought  to  have 
identified  it  with  Pontoise;  and  I  am 
thankful  for  your  correspondent's  correc- 
tion, although  it  was  not  meant  for  me, 
and  although  my  fault  was  different  from 
that  which  he  speaks  of. 

Passing  over  the  blunder  as  to  "  Bar- 
lowinwac,"  which  does  not  concern  me, 
we  come  to  the  statement  that  "  Herbert 
de  Losinga  (i.  e.  of  Lorraine)  is  construed 
to  have  received  that  name  from  his  pro- 
pensity to  leasing  or  glozing."  Here 
there  are  two  things  which  are  new  to 
me, — the  prefix  de,  and  the  information 
that  de  Losinga  means  "of  Lorraine." 
After  looking  into  a  good  many  old  au- 
thorities, I  have  been  unable  to  find  the 
de  in  any  one  of  them,  although  from 
Mr.  Thorpe's  index  to  Florence  of  Wor- 
cester we  might  suppose  that  it  occurred 
in  that  writer's  Chronicle.  Unless,  there- 
fore, "  W.  S.  N."  can  not  only  shew  good 
authority  for  the  de,  but  explain  the 
absence  of  that  particle  in  the  old  works 
where  it  does  not  appear,  I  do  not  see 
how  Losinga  can  mean  Lorraine  or  any 
other  country.  William  of  Malmesbury 
(§  338,  ed.  Hardy)  quotes  some  verses 
beginning, — 

"  Surgit  in  ecclesia  monstnim,  grenitore  losinga,** 

where  the  word  looks  much  as  if  it  were 
intended  to  signify  the  father's  nation; 
and  if  so,  Herbert  must  have  borne  it  in 
right  of  his  father  only,  unless  it  be  com- 
patible with  the  statement  that  he  was  him- 
self bom  "  in  pago  Oxymensi,"  {Barthol, 
de  Cotton,  in  Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,  i. 
3S9,)  L  e.  in  the  district  of  Auge,  in  Nor- 
mandy. But  what  proof  is  there  that 
Losinga  was  equivalent  either  to  Lotha- 
ringia  or  to  Lotharingus  ?  Ducange  and 
his  editors  know  of  no  other  meaning  for 
the  word  than  that  which  is  given  by  the 
Bishop's  contemporaries,  Florence  of  Wor- 
cester (ii.  33)  and  William  of  Malmes- 
bury (I.  c),  as  well  as  by  the  later  me- 
diaeval writers,  who  all  deduce  it  from 
Herbert's  propensity  to  flattery.  And  if 
it  be  wrong  to  follow  these  authorities  in 
connecthig  it  >%-ith  the  Italian  lusingare, 


the  mistake  is,  at  least,  not  one  of  those 
absurdities  into  which  ''the  practice  of 
modernizing  surnames  has  led  able 
writers." 

"  On  the  same  piindple,"  your  corre- 
spondent continues,  "Ralph  Flambard's 
name  was  explained/'  and,  of  course,  we 
are  left  to  infer  that  such  an  explanation 
is  another  absurd  instance  of  moderniz- 
ing. In  order  to  place  before  the  reader 
all  that  I  know  about  the  matter,  I  may 
quote  a  note  which  was  published  some 
years  ago : — 

"It  has  been  questioned  whether  he 
was  called  Flambard  {firebrand)  on  ac- 
count of  his  character,  since  he  figures 
under  that  name  in  Domesday  Book 
(p.  51)  as  a  possessor  of  land  in  Hamp- 
shire before  the  Conquest,  (Lappenberg, 
ii  167 ;  Foss.  i.  63.)  But  Anselm  [his  own 
contemporary]  says,  'Propter  cmdelita- 
tem  similem  flammsB  comburenti  pne- 
nomine  Flambardus,'  (Ep.  iv.  2) ;  and  it 
would  seem  from  Orderic  (iiL  311»  ed. 
Le  Prevost)  that  the  name  was  given  to 
him  as  characteristic  before  he  attained 
power." 

Here,  agiun,  the  explanation,  true  or 
false,  is  carried  back  tp  the  man's  own 
time.  But  may  I  ask  (^though  "  W.SJ^." 
seems  to  write  as  if  we  ought  all  to  know) 
what  is  the  right  view  as  to  this  name  ? 
Does  it  mean  any  things  and,  if  so,  what  f 
Or,  if  it  is  an  ordinary  unmeaning  sor* 
name,  what  is  the  difference  in  kind  be- 
tween it  and  Becket  or  Murdac,  Fidie 
or  "  FfolHott"  ? 

Lastly,  may  I  venture  to  beg  for  n  more 
distinct  reference  to  the  "  well-iiiformed 
German  historian"  who  "describes  the 
conqueror  of  Culloden  as  called  Duke  of 
Cumberland  from  his  excessive  corpn- 
lency?"  That  there  it  such  an  histo- 
rian I  take  for  granted,  on  yoor  cor- 
respondent's authority.  But  I  must 
doubt  whether  the  epithet  "well-in- 
formed" can  be  deserved  by  a  German 
who,  having  undertaken  to  write  about 
any  English  subject,  was  ignorant  that 
Cumberland  is  the  name  of  a  ooittitj 
which  has  given  a  title  to  many  of  oar 
princes;  more  especially  if  he  wrote  once 
the  time  when  it  began  to  be  evident  that 
the  Dukes  of  Cumberland  would  in  all 


I860.]  Episcopal  Names  in  the  Twelfth  Century, 


581 


probability  inherit  the  German  kingdom 
which  they  have  now  held  for  almost  a 
quarter  of  a  century. 

I  am  extremely  sorry  to  take  np  so 
much  of  your  space ;  but  if  "  W.S.N.'s" 
letter  had  not  been  so  enigmatically 
short,  my  own  would  not  have  been  so 
long ;  and  I  trust  that  he  will  now  give 
the  information  which  I  have  asked  for  in 
such  a  form  as  to  spare  me  the  necessity 
of  troubling  you  any  further. — I  am,  &c. 

J.  C.  BOBEBTSON. 

Precincts,  Canterbury, 

[Stlvantts  Ubban  has  received  several 
communications  respecting  the  letter  from 
Canon  Robertson  which  appeared  in  the  last 
number,  all  complaining  of  the  manner  in 
which  Mr.  Freeman's  name  is  used,  as  an 
unfair  introduction  of  personal  questions 
into  the  controversy.  If  it  was  an  error 
to  have  admitted  into  the  pages  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  such  observa- 
tions as  were  contained  in  that  letter,  he 
was  led  into  it  solely  by  a  desire  to  be 
thoroughly  impartial,  and  as  the  name  of 
a  gentleman  well  known  to  the  literary 
world  was  appended  to  the  letter,  he  passed 
over  with  greater  leniency  what  might 
have  been,  if  it  had  been  strictly  judged, 
regarded  as  a  breach  of  literary  etiquette, 
and  would  have  been  refused  insertion. 
Sylvanus  Ubban  quite  agrees  with  one 
of  his  correspondents,  that  Canon  Robert- 
son ought  not  to  expect  an  admission 
or  denial  from  Mr.  Freeman,  as  to  his 
being  the  author  of  any  or  all  of  the 
articles  assigned  to  him,  nor  that  any 
conclusions  ought  to  be  drawn  from  Mr. 
Freeman's  silence,  because  the  latter  may 
justly  refrain  from  a  correspondence  which 
cjin  only,  in  the  eyes  of  most  persons,  sin 
still  further  against  the  laws  of  literary 
etiquette. 

Whether  the  principle  of  anonymous 
reviews  furthers  the  cause  of  literature  or 
otherwise,  Syltanus  Ubban  is  not  called 


upon  to  give  his  opinion,  but  he  must 
admit  that  when  an  article  is  written 
anonymously  it  is  not  fair  to  the  writer 
to  attribute  that  article,  whether  rightly 
or  wrongly,  to  any  one  by  name  publicly. 
And  now  having  had  an  opportunity  of 
looking  into  the  matter,  he  quite  agrees 
with  those  correspondents  who  have  written 
on  the  subject,  that  the  introduction  of  Mr. 
Freeman's  name,  in  connection  with  any 
other  writings  than  his  letter  to  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  was  totally  uncalled 
for.  In  the  article  referred  to  in  the 
"Saturday  Review"  (which  is  on  Mr. 
Morris'  book)  Canon  Robertson's  name 
occurs  only  by  a  passing  allusion,  and  in 
the  "  Edinburgh  Review"  he  is  not,  so  far 
as  Syltanus  has  observed,  mentioned 
at  alL 

The  letter,  too,  about  Northampton 
Castle,  which  is  the  only  communication 
having  Mr.  Freeman's  name  attached  to 
it,  is  on  a  different  subject  to  that  touched 
upon  by  any  of  the  reviews  mentioned  by 
Canon  Robertson.  And  therefore  Syltanus 
Ubban  quite  thinks  that  it  was  an  error 
on  the  part  of  Canon  Robertson  to  intro- 
duce such  matters  when  the  controversy 
might  well  have  stood  on  its  own  merits. 

With  regard  to  the  general  question 
whether  the  use  of  surnames  had  become 
general  so  early  as  the  twelfth  century, 
Syltanus  Ubban  is  too  well  aware  how 
much  the  opinion  of  the  learned  is  divided 
upon  it,  to  venture  on  any  decision.  He  is 
quite  content  to  leave  it  to  be  discussed  by 
such  very  competent  persons  as  Canon 
Robertson  and  W.  S.  N.,  whom  he  has  rea- 
son to  know  to  be  one  of  the  most  learned 
persons  in  England  in  such  branches  of 
study.  It  would  be  difficult  to  find  three 
other  persons  so  well  informed  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  twelfth  century  as  Canon 
Robertson,  W.  S.  N.,  and  E.  A.  Freeman. 
He  is  anxious  that  the  discusuon  should 
be  continued,  and  he  hopes  it  may  be 
carried  on  without  acrimony  and  person- 
ality.] 


532 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Not, 


PAINTED  GLASS  AT  SHELTON  CHURCH,  NOEPOLK. 


Mb.  Ubban, — A  remote  church  in  Nor- 
folk, which  I  recently  visited,  contains 
some  punted  glass  to  which  it  may  be 
worth  while  to  call  the  attention  of  those 
of  yoor  readers  who  are  amateurs  of  that 
species  of  art,  as  there  is  not  much  of  the 
same  character  existing  in  situ  in  this 
country.  The  church  of  Shelton,  situated 
about  twelye  miles  south  of  Norwich,  is  a 
handsome  building,  erected  by  Sir  Half 
Shelton  about  1490,  principally  of  brick, 
with  a  light  clerestory  extending  the 
whole  length  of  the  church,  and  two  aisles, 
also  reaching  as  far  as  tbe  east  end  of  the 
chancel.  The  three  eastern  windows — of 
the  chancel  and  two  aisles — are  all  filled 
with  stained  glass ;  but  the  window  which 
especially  attracted  my  notice  is  at  the 
east  end  of  the  south  aisle :  it  is  small  and 
filled  with  Perpendicular  tracery,  by  which 
the  lower  part  is  divided  into  two  lights. 
In  these  lights,  under  canopies  of  Ootbic 
work  very  freely  treated  after  the  Qerman 
manner,  are  two  portraits  in  a  kneeling 
attitude.  On  the  left  is  a  man  in  a 
crimson  robe  Uned  with  fur;  on  the  right 
a  lady  in  the  angular  head-tire  worn  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  YIII.,  and  a  dress  the 
prevailing  colour  of  which  is  also  crimson. 
There  is  no  desk  or  book  in  front  of 
either,  but  a  shield  of  arms  before  each, 
with  helmet,  mantling,  and  crest.  The 
arms  indicate  the  subjects  of  tbe  portraits 
to  be  Sir  John  Shelton,  Ent.,  who  died  in 
1539,  and  his  wife  Anne,  who  was  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Boleyn,  and  aunt  of  tbe 
queen  her  namesake,  and  died  in  December, 
1556.  Below  are  some  other  shields  of 
arms  of  the  Shelton  family  and  its  allies, 
and  scrolls  with  inscriptions. 

That  which  is  singular  about  this  window 
is  still  to  bo  mentioned :  it  is  the  exqui- 
site skill  with  which  the  figures,  and  es- 
pecially the  heads,  are  executed.  The 
female  head  has  been  a  little  injured,  but 
it  exhibits  a  remarkably  handsome  face 
very  delicately  pourtrayed.  The  head  of 
the  man  is  perfect  and  uninjured  by  time, 
and  is  worthy  of  tbe  pendl  of  Holbein. 
10 


The  portraits  would  appear,  from  tbe 
character  of  tbe  work,  to  have  been  exe- 
cuted in  Germany,  from  careful  drawings 
made  for  the  purpose  frt)m  the  life.  The 
German  origin  of  the  work  is  frurther 
shewn  by  the  peculiar  treatment  of  the 
heraldry.  The  helmets  face  one  another. 
The  shield  of  Sir  John  bears  the  anna  of 
Shelton,  Azure,  a  plain  cross  or,  and  for 
a  crest,  instead  of  the  Moor's  head  which 
is  the  proper  crest  of  the  family,  a  pair 
of  wings  sable,  each  charged  with  three 
roses  or.  The  lady's  shield,  instead  of 
bearing  the  arms  of  Bnllen  (Argent,  a 
chevron  gpiles  between  three  bollB'  heads 
sable)  for  its  entire  charge,  has  this  coat 
upon  an  inescutcheon,  occupying  theg^reater 
part  of  the  shield,  and  ooveriog  what  ap- 
pears to  be  an  inverted  branch  of  a  tree; 
and  the  helmet  has  for  its  crest  a  tree. 
I  can  only  account  for  the  apparent  incor- 
rectness of  the  heraldry  by  supposing  tliat 
the  artifit  was  furnished  with  an  imperfect 
drawing,  and  was  too  fiir  from  his  em- 
ployers to  obtain  fhller  information, 

I  do  not  remember  to  have  observed 
any  German  glass  of  the  sixteenth  century 
in  its  original  position  in  any  other  Eng- 
lish church.  Probably  other  examples 
may  be  known  to  some  of  your  readers. 
The  admirable  drawing  of  the  present 
work,  and  its  interest  also,  as  containing 
a  portrait  of  one  fr^m  whom  the  unfor- 
tunate mother  of  Queen  Elizabeth  pro- 
bably derived  her  name,  and  who  seems 
to  have  had  no  small  share  of  that  here- 
ditary gift  of  beauty  which  proved  so  fiital 
to  her  niece,  has  induced  me  to  think  it 
worthy  of  mention  in  your  pages. 

In  Blomefield  and  Purkins*  **  Histoiy  of 
Norfolk,"  there  is  an  account  of  the  family 
of  the  ancient  lords  of  Shelton,  and  some 
description  of  the  church,  hat  no  e^iecial 
mention  of  this  window.  It  is  remarkaUe 
that  the  principal  east  window  of  tbe 
chancel  also  contains  figures  of  Sir  John 
Shelton  and  his  wife,  in  surooats  of  tbe 
arms  of  Shelton  and  Bullen,  and  also  of 
his  father  Sir  Ralf  Shelton,  the  fomider  of 


I860.] 


Anglo-Saxon  Belies,  Kent, 


533 


the  church,  and  his  wife  Margaret  Clere. 
These  figures  are  of  ordinary  design,  and 
apparently  of  English  workmanship. 

I  may  mention,  hc'fore  cloeing  my  letter, 
that  the  historian  of  this  part  of  the 
county  of  Norfolk,  in  his  account  of  the 
Shelton  family,  refers  to  a  curious  MS. 
"formerly  kept  at  Shelton  Hall,  which 
had  a  drawing  of  the  house  in  it,  and  the 
arms  of  such  families  as  the  Sheltons 
married  into."  By  a  singular  coincidence, 
a  few  days  after  visiting  Shelton,  I  met 
with  this  very  MS.  at  Norwich,  in  the 
possession  of  the  Rev.  J.  Matchett.  It  is 
a  square  volume  in  vcUum,  contuning,  at 
the  commencement,  a  view  of  the  old  hall, 
huilt  hy  Sir  Ralf  Shelton,  the  founder  of 
the  church,  and  in  its  subsequent  pages 
nearly  a  hundred  well-executed  coats  of 
arms,  apparently  p^ted  at  the  end  of  the 
sixteenth  or  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  The  first  coat  is,  Quarterly, 
1  and  4,  azure,  a  cross  or,  2  and  3,  sable, 


three  escallops  argent,  which  is  described 
as  "Shelton  his  antient  coate  quartered 
with  his  coate  by  Conquest."  Opposite 
to  this  is  a  shield  of  the  first  of  tbe  above 
coats,  with  supporters,  two  white  talbots, 
tbe  crest  a  Saracen's  head  oouped  at  the 
shoulders,  and  the  motto  "  Uhbvbb  and 
Thol."  The  following  explanation  is 
written  above,  "  The  Cittie  called  Andri- 
nople,  distxnt  250  miles  from  Constanti- 
nople, beareth  this  Coate  of  Armes,  from 
whence  Shelton  had  them  by  Conquest, 
and  therefore  g^veth  the  Head."  Can  any 
of  your  readi-rs  suggest  a  meaning  for  the 
motto  ?  In  an  old  paper  note  pinned  into 
the  book  the  motto  is  said  to  have  been 
"since  found  to  be  Cheewo/mte  and  ThoU,** 
which,  to  me,  is  no  more  intelligible  than 
the  other. — I  am,  &c.. 

FbAKCIS  NlOHOIiS. 

157,  Westhowme-terrace, 
Sept,  19, 1860. 


ANGLO-SAXON  RELICS,  KENT. 


Mb.  Ukbak,  —  Some  valuable  Anglo- 
Saxon  relics,  recently  found  at  Sarr  Mill, 
Tlianet,  having  come  under  my  notice^  I 
induced  the  possessor  to  exhibit  them  to 
the  Council  of  the  Kent  Archseological 
Society,  at  their  meeting  held  in  Canter- 
bury a  short  time  since.  Having  the 
sanction  of  the  President  to  make  an 
ofi'er  to  their  nominal  owner,  subject  of 
course  to  the  right  and  permission  to  re- 
tain them,  I  was  in  hopes  they  would 
have  been  preserved  for  the  county  in 
which  they  were  discovered :  in  this  I  fear 
I  have  been  disappointed. 

I  venture  to  give  you  a  description, 
trusting  the  same  may  not  prove  unin- 
teresting to  your  readers,  and  to  anti- 
quaries in  general. 

in  August  last,  in  chalk  land  at  Sarr, 
about  six  feet  below  tbe  surface,  some 
workmen,  in  excavating  the  soil  for  the 
erection  of  a  steam-engine,  found  the  fol- 
lowing relics : — A  fibula,  a  bulla,  four  gold 
coins  or  medals,  a  large  and  symmetrical 
bronze  bowl,  a  metal  pin,  bead  of  ame- 
thystine quartz,  necklace  of  beads  of  amber 
and  of  coloured  clays,  iron  weapons,  metal 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


clasp  of  large  purse,  and  some  pieces  of 
'  iron,  tbe  use  of  which  I  was  at  a  loss  to 
determine.  Thdse  were  deposited  in  a 
grave  where  a  skeleton  was  found  l>iog 
with  the  head  north-west  by  south-east. 
The  skull  of  the  defunct  was  tolerably  en- 
tire :  it  was  rather  thick,  with  a  low  fore- 
head, and  posterior  part  somewhat  protn- 
berant ;  but,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
of  the  vertebrae  and  some  fragmentary 
bones,  little  else  remained,  llie  teeth 
indicated  that  tbe  deceased  was  of  no 
very  advanced  age.  A  second  g^ve,  near 
the  first,  was  also  found,  but  it  contained 
nothing  but  a  few  bones. 

l*he  fibula  found  in  the  first  grave  was 
very  beautiful,  and  nearly  perfect.  It  had 
lain  on  the  left  breast.  The  external  rim 
consisted  of  garnets  or  gamet-oolonred 
glass,  interlaced  with  gold  cheqner-work 
in  half  diamond  patterns.  Within  it  was 
a  deep  border  of  gold  work,  then  an  inner 
circle  of  g^amets  or  of  coloured  glass,  inter- 
laced also  with  the  g^ld  chequer :  again, 
another  circle  of  beaded  g^ld;  and  in  the 
centre  of  all  a  large  boss  of  ivory  or  sea- 
horse's tooth,  divided  quarterly  with  the 

ds 


534 


Correspondence  of  Syivanat  Urban. 


[Nov. 


same  sort  of  gold  chequer.  The  centre  of 
the  fibula  consisted  of  a  large  carbuui  le, 
surrounded  by  a  thin  border  of  the  same 
gold-threaded  or  chequer-work.  Four 
other  ivory  studs,  forming  a  square,  con- 
tained also  carbuncles,  and  completed  the 
ornamentation  of  the  brooch.  This  relic 
was  2f  inches  in  diameter,  being  of  the 
same  size  as  the  fibula  found  near  Abing- 
don, figured  in  "  Pag>»n  Saxondom,"  plate 
3,  and  which  it  strikingly  resembled  in 
almost  all  other  particulars. 

The  bulla  was  of  gold,  with  ornament 
of  mosaic  or  chequer-work  of  red,  blue, 
and  white  stones,  and  very  similar  to  one 
described  plate  4,  fig.  7,  in  Inventorium 
Sepulchral.   It  had  a  loop  for  suspension. 

The  bronze  bowl  was  entire,  except 
that  it  had  been  neatly  repaired  at  the 
bottom  by  a  patch  of  metal,  affixed  by 
small  studs.  There  was  also  one  small 
hole  in  it.  The  metal  was  quite  sound, 
and  scarcely  appeared  to  have  sufiVred  at 
all  by  its  long  inhumation.  This  bowl  is 
of  a  shape  not  often  found  in  the  graves 
of  Kent.  Mr.  Akerman  has  given  an  exam- 
ple of  one  (see  "  Pagan  Saxondom")  which 
was  discovered  by  the  late  Lord  Londcs- 
borough  in  1843,  at  Wiiigham,  in  this 
county,  and  which  it  exactly  resembles, 
even  to  the  pattern  of  the  open  lattice- 
work of  the  stand.  Similar  paterae,  Mr. 
Akerman  informs  us,  have  been  found  in 
the  graves  of  the  Franks. 

In  this  bowl  were  deposited  bones,  some 
said  to  be  human.  This,  however,  I  am 
not  fully  convinced  of.  Also  the  bones  of 
sheep  and  oxen.  For  what  purpose  they 
were  placed  there,  and  whether  in  the 
first  instance  with  or  without  their  fleshy 
adjuncts,  I  am  unable  to  determine.  The 
circumstance,  however,  is  remarkaMe. 

A  small  metal  pin,  and  a  seax  or  knife, 
were  also  found  in  the  grave,  together 
with  a  large  sword,  a  relic  but  rarely 
discovered  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  interments, 
and  which  is  probably  indicative  of  the 
rank  or  high  command  of  the  deceased 
warrior. 

I'erhaps,  however,  the  most  interesting 
part  of  the  remains  were  the  four  gold 
coins,  c  r  rather  medals,  for  the  gold  loops 
for  suspension  were  portions  of  the  origi- 


nal substance  of  the  metal.  They  were  in 
size  rather  larger  than  a  shilling,  of  very 
pure  gold.  They  were  inscribed  round 
the  borders,  the  impression  on  one  mde 
being  a  somewhat  rudely  sculptured  head 
with  a  cap  or  helmet,  and  on  the  revene 
a  sort  of  double  cross  with  a  ball  or  globe. 

These  coins,  with  the  relic  described 
above,  doubtless  formed  a  necklace,  and 
with  the  bulla  as  the  centre-piece,  and  the 
two  gold  medals  on  either  side,  must  have 
constituted  an  ornament  alike  costly  and 
magnificent  in  the  eyes  of  the  followers 
and  subjects  of  the  chief  who  bore  it. 
I  attribute  to  tbe»e  medals  a  Frankish 
origin,  for  they  appeared  to  me,  in  the 
very  brief  inspection  I  bad  of  them,  very 
similar  to  the  examples  found  in  the  Si- 
bertswold  grave  which  are  given  by  Mr. 
C.  B.  Smith  in  the  Invtniorimm  fSepul- 
chrale,  No.  172,  and  ascribed  by  him  to 
the  Merovingian  series,  but  a  friend  well 
skilled  in  numismatic  lore,  and  to  whom 
I  sent  a  somewhat  imperfect  wax  impres- 
sion, owing  to  injury  received  in  trans- 
mission, has  given  his  opinion  that  they 
are  the  coins  of  Mauricius,  who,  first  a 
notary  bom  in  Cappadocia,  became  aft*T- 
wards  a  general,  and  a.d.  682  was  nosed 
to  the  Roman  empire. 

This  Anglo-Saxon  grave,  if  snch  it  wa% 
appears  to  exhilnt  some  details  which  may 
give  a  different  direction  to  oar  specola^ 
tions,  and  may  afibrd  another  proof  that 
in  our  eagerness  to  attribute  all  similar 
discoveries  to  the  Jutish  or  Anglo-Saxon 
tribes,  we  too  strictly  ignore  the  existence 
of  those  other  numerous  island  or  conti- 
nental septs  or  nations,  who  at  one  period 
of  the  history  of  Europe  were  in  a  con- 
stant state  of  movement  and  progression, 
and  who  doubtless  visited  England,  sword 
in  hand,  either  as  the  allies  of  the  Saxons 
or  of  the  Danes,  or  as  their  rivals,  claim- 
ing possessions,  or  seeking  conquests  in 
lands  more  inviting,  or  less  contested,  than 
those  which  they  had  abandoned. 

It  is  to  be  fearf'd  that  this  small  hnt 
very  choice  collection  of  relics,  so  espe- 
cially interesting  to  any  Kentish  anti- 
quary, will  be  lost  to  the  connty.  The 
Kent  Archseological  Sodety  hoped,  nnder 
the  sanction  of  the  Qovemment^  to  obtain 


I860.] 


Bacon-Howe,  Noblt'Street,  Alderagate. 


635 


thrse  remains  for  an  Anglo-Saxon  Ma« 
scum  in  a  central  part  of  the  county, 
where  they  would  haye  been  daily  acces- 
sible to  the  inspection  of  the  public,  con- 
sidering that  such  a  repository  could  not 
be  better  established  than  in  the  heart  of 
that  district  where  the  Saxons  founded 
their  first  kingdom.  But  in  this  hope 
tbcy  have  been  disappointed,  for  after 
imagining  that  their  offer  would  be  ac- 
cepted,   to    their    disappointment    they 

BACON-HOUSE,  NOBLE 

Mb.  Ueban, — Stow,  in  the  "  Survey  of 
London,"  says,  "This  house  was  of  old 
called  '  Shelley -house,'  as  belonging  to  the 
family  of  that  name.  Sir  Thomas  Shelley, 
Knt.,  was  owner  thereof  in  the  1st  of 
Henry  the  Fourth." 

It  was  af  erwards  called"  Bacon-house," 
because  the  same  was  new-built  by  Sir 
Nicholas  Bacon,  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Qreat 
Seal.  Adjoining  to  it  was  the  house  of 
Serjeant  Fleetwood,  Recorder  of  London, 
who  new-built  it. 

Fleetwood  was  Recorder  from  1571  un- 
til 1591,  and  many  of  his  letters  to  Lord 
Burleigh  are  dated  from  '*  Bacon-house," 
where  he  died,  February  28,  1594. 

In  1628  the  house  was  purchased  by 
tbe  worshipful  Company  of  Scriveners, 
and  was  used  as  the  hall  of  that  Com- 
pany; but,  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
century,  it  was  sold  by  the  Scriveners  to 
the  worshipful  Company  of  Coachmakers, 
whose  hall  it  became  and  now  is.  The 
front  in  Noble-street  (except  the  entrance 
to  tbe  hall)  was,  however,  retained  by  the 
Scriveners.  The  back  part  of  the  house, 
as  rebuilt  after  the  fire  of  London,  may 
still  be  seen  from  Oat-lane,  and  is  now 
occupied  as  a  glove- manufactory. 

In  the  conveyance  to  the  Scriveners, 
the  house  is  stated  to  have  been  anciently 
called  "  Shelley's  tenement,"  but  then 
"  Bacon-house,"  and  that  it  had  formerly 
been  m  the  possession  of  Sir  Ralph  Row- 
let  t,  Knight*,  afterwards  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Bacon,  then  of  Christopher  and  Robert 

•  Sir  Ralph  Rowlett  was  Master  of  the  Mint  to 
KinK  Uenry  VIII.,  and  he  was  connected  by  mar- 
liii^c  with  Sir  Nisholas  Bacon,  they  hiiving 
married  two  of  tbe  daughters  of  Sir  Antbcmy 

Cooke. 


learned  that  another  party  had  been  for- 
tunate enough  to  secure  these  relics. 
Had  they  received  any  intimation  that 
a  higher  price  was  expected,  they  would 
have  endeavoured  to  have  met  the  views 
of  their  holder  in  order  that  these  remains 
might  have  been  secured  for  their  contem- 
plated County  Museum. 


Canterbury, 


I  am,  &c., 

John  Bbsnt. 


STREET,  ALDERSGATE. 

Barker,  Nicholas  Goff  the  elder,  and  Ni- 
cholas Goff  the  younger,  and  subsequently 
of  Sara  Savage  and  George  Egxlshaw, 
physiciun;  and  it  was  conveyed  by  Sir 
Arthur  Savage  and  Dame  Sarah^  late  wife 
of  George  Smithies,  alderjuan,  Thomas 
Yisoount  Savage,  and  Richard  Millard,  to 
Charles  Bostock,  scrivener,  I  presume  in 
trust  for  the  Company. 

Christopher  Barker  and  Robert  Barker 
were  printers  to  Queen  Elisabeth;  and 
Mr.  Ames,  in  his  bccount  of  Christopher 
Barker,  says  that  he  liad  a  printing-offlee 
in  Bacon-house,  near  Foster-lane,  in  which, 
he  printed  Acts  of  Pteliament,  &c 

Christopher  Barker  died  in  1509,  and 
after  1588  the  business  was  carried  on  by 
his  deputies.  Robert  Barker,  his  son,  who 
was  a  prisoner  in  the  Kingp's  Bench  from 
1635,  died  there  in  1645.  Probably,  Ni- 
cholas  Goff  the  elder,  and  Nicholas  Goff 
the  younger,  although  nather  of  them 
are  mentioned  by  Ames,  were  deputies  or 
assigns  of  Christopher  or  of  Robert  Barker, 
and  I  should  be  glad  of  any  information 
on  that  point. 

Among  the  books  printed  by  Christo- 
pher Barker,  in  the  list  given  by  Mr. 
Ames,  I  find  the  following  printed  at 
Bacon-house: — ^"Acts  of  Ptoliament,  in 
23rd  Elizabeth,  1581;  'Christian  Me£. 
tat'ons,'  by  Theodore  Beza,  imprinted  in 
Bacon-house,  1582;  Acts  of  Parliament, 
27  th  Elizabeth,  1585,  hnprinted  in  Ba- 
con-house, near  Foster-lane/* 

The  Recorder,  Fleetwood,  is  not  men- 
tioned in  the  conveyance  of  Bacon-house 
to  Charles  Bostock ;  and  although  his  let- 
ters are  dated  from  Baooii-house,  Stow 
mentions  the  house  of  the  Recorder  as 


536 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Nov. 


separate  from  Bacon-house,  which  was  re- 
built by  the  Lord  Keeper.  It  m8y  be 
that  the  Recorder's  house  was  built  upon 
part  of  the  original  site  of  Shelley -house. 

In  Coachmakers*  Hall  were  held  the 
meetings  of  the  Protestant  Association^ 
which,  under  the  presidency  of  Lord  Geo. 
Gordon,  led  to  the  riots  of  1 780. 

I  shall  be  pleased  if  these  notes,  which 
I  think  cannot  but  be  interesting  to  so 
venerable  a  printer  as  Stlvaiojb  Ubban, 
elicit  any  information  from  your  correspon- 
dents respecting  the  Barkers,  their  depu- 
ties, or  successors,  or  in  relation  to  any  of 
the  successive  owners  or  occupiers  of  this 
ancient  civic  mauciou. — I  urn,  &c., 

Geo.  B.  Cosk£b. 

8,  Paragon,  New  Kent -road, 
September  16,  1860. 


P.  S.  —  Presuming  Nicholas  Goff,  or 
Goagh,  and  his  son  of  the  same  name,  to 
have  been  printers,  and  the  name  seems 
to  sanction  that  notion,  may  I  hazard 
a  conjecture  that  their  printing-office  was 
removed  from  Noble-street  to  the  north 
side  of  Fleet-street,  and  that  they  gave 
their  name  to  Gough- square.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  they  and  the  Barkers  had  a  lease 
only  of  Bacon-house,  and  that  on  the  ex- 
piration of  the  term,  the  fr'eehold  having 
been  purchased  by  the  Scriveners,  the 
Company  declined  to  renew  the  lease,  and 
converted  the  premises  into  a  hall  for 
themselves,  and  thereupon  the  printers 
were  obliged  to  remove  iAieai  presses  to 
another  locality. 


"OLD"  ST. PETER'S  AT  ROME. 


Mb.  Ubban, — It  has  several  times  oc- 
curred to  the  writer  as  siugular,  that  there 
appears  to  be  no  published  record  —  at 
least  he  has  not  met  with  any,  in  some 
extensive  attention  to  such  matters  —  as 
to  what  kind  of  building  a  former  St. 
Peter's  at  Rome  was,  (though  we  know 
enough  about  our  own  *'old"  St.  Paul's). 


The  present  church  was  beg^n,  if  my  me- 
mory serves,  about  the  close  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  but  doubtless  there  was  some 
stately  previous  building,  whether  on  the 
same  site  or  not,  though  probably  not  the 
first  Roman  cathedral — I  am,  &c 

J.  D.  Pabbt, 
Author  of'*  The  Coast  of  Sussex.*' 


A  MISREAD  DATE. 


Me.  Ubban,  —  You  are  probably  ac-- 
quainted  with  a  descriptive  poem  entitled 
"Dartmoor,"  published  (second  edition) 
in  1826.  Nearly  one  half  of  the  volume 
is  composed  of  notes,  giving  much  curious 
information  respecting  this  wild  region. 
In  one  of  these  notis  it  is  stated,  that  in 
a  part  of  the  moor  situated  near  Dartmoor 
prison,  is  a  certain  spring  or  well,  called 
Fice's  Well,  the  sides  and  entrance  to 
which  are  composed  of  granite,  and  that 
on  this  granite  is  inscribed,  in  common 
Arabic  numerals,  the  date  of  1168.  "  TUo 
date,"  adds  the  author,  "  is  an  extra- 
ordinary one,  and  the  whole  bears  the  un- 
deniable appearance  of  great  antiquity." 

In  the  summer  of  1859,  being  in  that 
neighbourhood,  I  was  led  to  examine  the 


spot,  and  thereby  am  enabled  to  eorrect 
Mr.  Carrington's  statement,  and  to  give 
the  real  date  inscribed  on  the  granite, 
which  is  1568.  The  second  cypher  is 
rudely  and  indistinctly  cat,  and  might, 
on  a  hasty  glance,  be  well  mistaken  for 
another  X,  but  a  closer  inspection  shews 
it  to  be  beyond  doubt  a  6,  and  this  was 
pointed  out  to  me  by  the  very  intelligent 
guide  who  accompanied  me  to  the  spot. 

I  believe  I  am  right  in  thinking  that 
1168  could  not  possibly  be  the  date  in* 
scribed,  unless  it  had  been  the  forgery  of 
a  later  periol,  inasmuch  as  our  pmeut 
Arabic  or  Indian  cyphers  were  notlhro- 
duccd  until  a  period  considerablj  sabse* 
qucnt  to  that  date. — I  am,  &c. 

Oct.  8, 1860.  H.  K. 


I860.] 


537 


HISTOEICAL  AKD  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Sussex  ArchcBological  Collections,  VoL 
XII.  (London :  John  Russell  Smith.) — 
This  volume  is  quite  equal  in  interest  to 
any  of  its  predecessors,  and  contains  papers 
hy  the  Rev.  Edward  Turner,  W«  Durrant 
Cooper,  R.  W.  Blencowe,  Mark  Antony 
Lower,  and  other  well-known  antiquaries. 
Mr.  Turner  treats  of  Uckfield,  Past  and 
PVescnt,  and  also  of  the  ruined  town  and 
church  of  Aldrington,  with  its  Anchorage. 
Mr.  Durrant  Cooper  edits  Proo&  of  Age 
of  Sussex  Families,  temp,  Edward  II.  to 
Edward  IV. ;  and  prints  a  supplement  to 
his  account  of  the  family  of  Oxenhridge, 
containing  a  memoir  of  John  Oxenhridge, 
a  celehrated  Puritan  divine,  who,  after 
many  wanderings,  settled  at  Boston,  in 
New  England,  and  died  there.  Mr.  Blen- 
cowe prints  extracts  from  the  Memoirs  of 
the  Gale  family,  one  of  the  many  that  in 
the  seventeenth  century  made  fortunes  by 
the  Sussex  iron-foundries.  Mr.  Lower  has 
collected  some  curious  particulars  of  the 
Hospital  of  Lepers  at  Seaford ;  but  a  more 
interesting  paper  of  his  is  a  Notice  of 
Sir  Edward  Dalyngruge,  the  builder  of 
Bodiam  Castle.  That  knight  made  a  vast 
fortune  in  the  French  wars  of  Edward  III. 
and  Richard  II.,  and  dying  circa  1394, 
was  buried  in  Robertsbridge  Abbey.  His 
mutilated  effigy  was  dug  up  there  in  1823, 
nnd  under  the  impression  that  it  was  one 
of  the  Pelham  family,  it  was  presented  to 
tlie  late  Earl  of  Chichester.  Afterwards 
the  discovery  of  the  cross  engrailed  led  to 
its  correct  appropriation,  and  it  is  now 
placed  in  the  Museum  at  Lewes.  Previous 
to  this  it  had,  on  being  found  not  to  be 
a  Pelham,  been  buried  in  the  garden  of 
bis  lordship's  town -house,  in  Stratton- 
strect,  Piccadilly,  and  next  It  was  placed 
in  the  coach-house,  where  it  was  viewed 
and  reported  on  by  a  member  of  the 
Society,  Weston  S.  Walford,  Esq. : — 

"A  rather  'strange  eventful  history' 
is  this,"  says  Mr.  Lower,  "  of  a  piece 
of  cliiselhd  alabaster,  representing  a  man 
great  in  his  time,  a  valiant  soldier,  who 


had  built  a  castle  out  of  the  spoils  of 
war,  and  who  had  been  entombed  in  a 
monastery  which  he  had  endowed  with 
noble  g^fts.  No  long  period  elapsed  ere 
the  fair  proportions  of  the  statue,  re- 
posing gracefully  upon  its  altar -tomb 
within  the  abbey  church  of  Roberts- 
bridge,  were  doomed  to  destruction  by 
some  malleus  monachorum  under  the  dic- 
tation of  Henry  the  Eighth.  Hacked  and 
hewn  to  pieces,  it  was  buried  as  a  useless 
thing,  until  its  exhumation,  as  above  re- 
lated, brought  it  to  the  light  of  day.  A 
second  inhumation  and  a  second  disinter- 
ment, a  generation  later,  in  the  metro- 
polis, and  its  presentation  to  our  local 
museum,  wind  up  its  extraordinary  career. 
We  have  all  heard  of  the  'vile  uses'  to 
which  every  created  thing  may  return, 
but  this  object  has  returned  to  a  use  by 
no  means  Tile;  and  it  is  something  for 
the  hme  of  a  fourteenth  century  hero, 
that  curious  antiquaries  of  the  nineteenth 
look  with  interest  upon  his  mutilated 
effigy,  and  are  induced  thereby  to  search 
into  the  personal  hiiStory  of  the  man  of 
whom  it  is  the  rude  and  imperfect  pre- 
sentment*."—(pp.  223,  224.) 

Equally  remarkable  is  a  paper  by  the 
Very  Rev.  Canon  Tiemey,  on  the  I^s- 
covery  of  the  Remains  of  John,  seven- 
teenth Earl  of  Arundel,  in  the  church  of 
ArundeL  The  earl  was  killed  in  France, 
in  1435,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
tbe  Grey  Friars  at  Beauvais,  but  a  passage 
in  the  will  of  a  Shropshire  gentleman, 
first  noticed  by  Mr.  Kingston,  of  che  Public 
Record  Office,  shewed  that  his  remains 
had  been  redeemed  from  French  custody 
by  an  attendant  (Fulke  Eyton,  the  testa- 
tor), and  probably  buried  with  his  an- 
cestors in  the  College  of  ArundeL  A  search 
there  proved  this  to  be  the  case ;  and  this 
is  but  one  instance  out  of  a  thousand  of 
the  curious  and  important  corrections  of 
current  history  that  are  daily  being  effected 

*  "  Is  it  too  much  to  assert,  that  a  memorial 
like  the  present  in  vol.  xii.  of  the  *  Sussex  ArchiB- 
ological  Collections,'  is  a  surer  means  of  preserv- 
ing from  oblivion  the  man  to  whom  it  relutcs 
than  any  alabaster  statne,  or  other  material 
monument  whatsoever,  could  be  t" 


638 


Miscellaneeua  Reviews. 


[Nqf. 


by  means  of  examination  of  the  wills  and 
other  papers  of  comparatively  humble  in- 
dividnals. 

Among  other  papers  we  notice  a  very 
useful  one  on  the  Dedications  of  Churches 
and  Chapels  in  West  Sussex,  by  Charlts 
Qibson,  Esq.,  Richmond  Herald,  and  the 
Recorde  of  Thomas  Lake  and  Henry  Len- 
narde,  shewing  their  troubles  with  the 
contumacious  people  of  Yarmouth,  when 
they  visited  them  in  1588  as  bailiffis  of  the 
barons  of  the  Cinque  Ports.  The  sug(restion 
made  by  Mr.  Durrant  Cooper,  in  the  last 
volume  of  the  "  Collections,"  has  been 
acted  on,  and  we  have  a  rather  copious 
collection  of  Monumental  Inscriptions  from 
Seaford  and  from  Berwick,  furnished  by 
H.  Simmons,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  £.  B. 
Ellman.  Notes  and  Queries,  and  a  full 
Index,  complete  the  volume,  which  is  very 
creditable  to  the  talent  and  research  of 
its  contributors. 

We   will  conclude  our  notice  with  a 

brief  quotation  from  Mr.  Turner's  paper 

on  Domus  Anachorlta),  Aldrington,  wliich 

su^rgests  a  new  meaning  for  the  inscription 

of  Mangnus,  the  Dane,  now  preserved  in  the 

church  of  St.  John  sub  Castro,  at  Lewes : — 

"  Tlie  earliest  anchorite  in  this  county, 
of  which  we  have  any  information,  is 
Mangnus  of  St  John%  Lewis ;  of  whom 
we  have  no  other  knowledge,  than  snch  as 
we  are  able  to  obtain  from  the  inscription 
which  was  discovered  engraved  on  tlie 
stone,  forming  the  circular  arch  of  the 
Norman  doorway  leading  into  the  chancel 
of  the  church,  when  it  was  tiiken  down 
in  1857.  Nothing  was  thought  of  it  at 
the  time;  and  it  would  probably  have 
been  lost  for  ever,  had  not  'some  lovers 
of  antiquity,'  as  they  are  described,  re- 
siding in  Lewes,  of  whom,  no  doubt,  that 
excellent  antiquary  Mr.  Rowe  was  one, 
anxious  for  the  preservation  of  so  early 
and  interesting  a  memorial,  collected  the 
stones  and  placed  them  in  their  original 
furm  against  the  south  wall  of  the  church, 
beneath  which  was  subsequently  placed 
the  coffin  stone,  or  monumental  slab, 
which  was  found  in  digging  in  some  part 
of  the  churchyard;  and  was  so  disposed 
of  under  the  erroneous  impression  that 
it  had  covered  the  mortal  remains  of 
Mangnus;  and  for  its  preservation  when 
the  old  church  was  entirely  pulled  down, 
we  arc  indebted  to  the  zealous  exertions 
of  Mr.  M.  A.  Lower,  who  secured  it  a 
place  in  the  new. 


**  The  inscription,  whidi  consists  of  fo^f 
hexameter  lines  in  monkish  Latin,  aiif 
Anglo-Saxon  character, — for  where  t\^ 
letters  are  of  a  later  date,  they  are  intc^ 
polations,  made  probably  at  tiie  time  i% 
was  discovered,  to  fill  up  vacandes  fonnj 
to  exist, — and  which  is,  upon  the  wboleL 
in  a  tolerably  perfect  state,  a  small  par« 
t4on  only  being  missing,  is  as  foUowi:— • 
'  Clauditur  hie  miles,  Danorum  regia  pro* 
les,  Mangnus  nomen  ei,  Mangne  nota  pro- 
geniei;  Deponens  Mangnum,  se  moribos 
induit  agnuro,  Prepete  pro  vit4,  fit  par- 
vulus  Anachorita.'  From  it  we  learn 
that  this  Mangnus  was  a  knight  of  some 
fame,  and  of  the  royal  race  of  the  Danes ; 
but  that  becoming  disgusted  with  the 
world,  and  all  earthly  things,  the  vanity 
and  vexation  of  which  his  own  unhappy 
experience  had  taught  him,  he  retired 
from  society,  and  became  an  anchorite. 

"It  will  be  observed  that  I  have  treated 
this  inscription  not  as  an  epitaph,  in  which 
light  only  it  has  heretofore  been  con- 
sidered, but  as  referrinff  solely  to  the  fact 
of  his  retiring  fit>m  tne  world,  and  in- 
clusion as  an  anchorite.  Its  whole  bear- 
ing, as  well  as  the  force  of  particular  ex- 
pressions made  use  of  in  it»  have  led  me 
to  take  this  different  view  of  it.  '  Claudi- 
tur,' with  which  it  commences,  if|,  in  my 
judgment,  a  term  much  more  applicable 
to  seclusion  during  life,  than  to  confine- 
ment in  a  tomb  after  dscUh.  The  word 
'hie,'  too,  in  an  inscription  over  a  door- 
way, would  seem  to  point  more  appro- 
priately to  the  sitiution  of  his  cell  than 
to  the  place  of  his  burial.  The  oonstmc- 
tion  which  I  pnt  upon  these  two  words  is, 
'here  is  shut  iu  as  an  anchorite;'  and 
from  them  1  am  led  to  infer  that  the 
situation  of  Mangnns*  cell  was  jii»t  on  the 
outside  of  this  doorway,  which  woold  then 
become  his  means  of  access  to  the  church. 
Placed  in  such  a  position,  and  engraven 
possibly  by  himself  daring  the  period  of 
his  inclusion,  it  would  not  only  be  naefol 
as  a  record  of  the  fiict  of  his  having  be- 
come an  anchorite,  and  of  his  own  sub- 
missiveness  in  so  doing;  bat  it  would  be 
to  him  a  constant  monitor  how  niach 
more  conducive  to  earthly  bappinew  the 
practice  of  contentedness  and  self-denial 
i%  than  giving  way  to  strife  and  envying, 
how  much  more  the  comfort  of  life  de- 
pends on  the  exercise  of  hamility  and 
condiscensiou,  than  in  vain  attempts  to 
secure  worldly  gn-atneas  and  hooonr.*' — 
(pp.  182— 1»4,) 

As  is  customary  with  the  Sa«ex  Andi- 
seologiciil  Society,  the  present  volnuie  is 
enriched  with  several  excellent  wood  en- 
graviuj^a 


I860.]     A  Handbook  of  Mottoes  borne  by  the  Nobility^  8fC.        539 


A  NtmdhooJc  of  Mottoes  home  hy  the 
Nobilifif,  Oentry,  Cities,  Public  Com- 
panics,  jfc.  Translated  and  Illustrated 
with  Notes  and  Quotations  by  C.  N. 
Eltin,  Mi  a.  (London :  Bell  and  Daldy.) 
— This  i«  a  service&ble  collection  of 
mottoes,  iU|>babetically  arrangt'd,  but 
it  would  be  Considerably  improved  if  an 
index  of  natties  were  given.  Some  in- 
troductory obtervations  class  fy  mottoi*s 
in  four  divisio^ift — those  of  a  general  cha- 
racter; those  having  reference  to  the 
beiirings,  or  a  ptknning  reference  to  the 
name;  or,  lastly,  ^reference  to  both  name 
and  bearing.  Tht  work  is  dedicated  to 
the  Queen's  Champldfei,  Sir  Henry  Dymoke, 
Bart.  A  few  short  iitracts  will  shew  the 
manner  in  which  it  ii  tkecnted : — 

"  Labor  ipse  voluptas.  Toil  itself  is  plea- 
sure. Lovelace,  &  J.  G.  Nichols^ 
F.S.A. 

<*  This  motto  wa^  adopted  by  John  Niohola, 
F.S.A.,  the  author  of  tne  *  History  of 
Leicestershire,'  and  the  *Litemry  Anec- 
dotes of  the  Eighteenth  Oetttory ;'  and  for 
forty  years  editor  of  the  'Gentleman's 
Magazine :'  nor  could  any  htVe  heen  more 
expressive  of  his  own  literary  character." 
—(p.  105.) 

"  Ofner  na  ofno  angau.    As  boiHe  by  the 

family  of  Lewis,  of  Greenmeadow,  co. 

Glamorgan,   together   with  the  tnotto 

*  Patriffi  fidus*  over  the  crest.   The  Motto 

in  the  Welsh  characters  is  borne  by  the 

llev.   John   Williams  ab  Iihel,  A.l(^ 

Hector  of  Llanymowddwy.   The  sense  Of 

the  motto  in  English  is,  'Let  him  bt 

feared  who  fears  not  death.' 

**  Both  these  families  are  descended  fh>m 
Gwaethvoed,  lord  of  Cibwyr  and  Cere- 
digion, and  from  the  noble  answer  made 
by  that  prince  to  Edgar,  the  Saxon  king, 
their  motto  is  taken.  When  Edgar  sum- 
moned him,  with  the  other  Welsh  princes, 
to  Chester,  in  order  to  row  his  bat  ge  on 
the  Dee,  Gwaethvoed  replied  that  he  could 
not  row,  and  that,  if  he  could,  he  would, 
not,  except  to  save  a  person's  life,  whether 
king  or  vassal.  Upon'  this  Edgar  sent  a 
second  mcs-enger,  to  '  whom  the  Welsh 
prince  vouchsated  at  first  no  answer  at  all, 
but  when  the  man  submissively  begged  to 
be  informed  what  reply  he  should  bear  to 
his  master,  <  Let  him,'  said  Gwaethvoed, 
<b«  feared  who  fears  not  death.'  On 
hearing  these  words,  Edgar,  delighted 
with  the  spirit  of  the  prince,  went  to  him, 
gae  him  his  hand  in  kindness,  and  en- 
treated him  to  become  his  friend  and  rela- 
tion, a'd  so  it  was;  and  since  that  time 
the  motto  of  all  descended  from  Gwaeth- 
voed has  been  •  OFNER  NA  OFNO  AN- 
GAU."'-{p.  140.) 

Preigne  haleine,  tirezfort.  Take  breath, 

pull  strong.     GiFFABD. 

**  In  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Henry 
YIII.,  a  panther  which  bad  been  presents 


(( 


to  Sir  John  Qifhrd,  of  Chillington,  escaped 
from  her  cage,  and  was  pursued  by  the 
knight,  bow  in  hand,  accoojpanied  by  his 
son.  Having  burriea  to  the  top  of  a  steep 
ascent,  nearly  a  mile  from  his  house,  he 
overtook  the  beast  about  to  roring  upon 
a  woman  with  an  infant :  and  as,  in  nis 
still  breathless  state,  he  was  prrparing  to 
shout  at  it,  his  son,  feari«ig  his  baste  might 
weak'  n  the  accuracy  and  force  of  Ms  shot, 
called  out,  *  Preigne  haleine  tire  fort ;' 
words  which,  moderaiafd  to  *Prenei 
hiileine,  tirez  fort,'  now  torm  tiie  family 
motto.  In  pmsuance  of  this  advice  Sur 
John  paused,  took  breath,  di'ew  his  bow 
strongly  with  a  sure  aim,  and  so  killed 
the  putther  and  saved  the  woman."-^ 
(p.  156.) 

**  Prius  frangitur  quam  flectitur.    He  is 

sooner    broken    than    bent.     Ballan- 

ttne-Dykes,  of  Dovenley,  Warthole, 

or  Wardhall,  &c,  who  also  Ixurs  the 

motto,  'Nee  cito,  nee  tarde/  for  Bal- 

lantine,  which  family  he  represents  in 

the  female  line. 
**  Thomas  Dykes,  an  ancestor  ot  this  family, 
was  a  staunch  adherent  to  the  Roj^ 
cause  and  an  active  partisan  of  the  king. 
After  the  king's  forces  were  subdued,  he 
was  eagerly  sought  for  by  tiie  Republicans, 
whom  he  elu'ied  for  upwards  of  twelve 
months  by  concealing  himself,  when  pur^ 
sued,  in  a  mulberry-tree  hi  front  of  the 
house,  part  whereof  still  remains  (I860). 
He  was  aftervrards  caught  and  kept  pii- 
soner  in  a  dungeon  in  Cockermoutii  Castle, 
where  he  died.  His  freedom  was  repeat- 
edly offered  to  him  by  the  Bepublicans  if 
he  would  change  his  principles,  and  when 
upon  his  refusal  they  threatened  to  in- 
crease the  severity  of  his  treatment,  he 
replied,  *  PriuR  frangitur  quam  flectitur," 
which  sentence,  denoting  his  resolution 
to  die  sooner  than  yield,  is  still  used  as 
their  moito  by  his  descendants.  The  bulk 
of  the  family  estates  was  lost  through  his 
seal  in  the  cause  of  his  master.  Thomas 
Dykes  married  Joyce  Frecheville,  daughter 
and  co-heiress  ox  John  Frecheville,  and 
cousin  of  the  Royalist,  Lord  Frecheville, 
of  Slavely,  &c.,  oo.,  Derby."—  (p.  167.) 

"^  Pro  rege  dimico.    I  do  battle  fbr  the 

king.    Dtmoeb,  bt.    The  honourable 

the  Queen's  Champion. 
**  This  mot'o  has  an  obvious  alltudoo  to  the 
Bnme  of  the  fkmUy,  as  well  as  to  the 
ancient  office  of  Champion,  which  derives 
fimm  the  renowned  fiiunily  of  Marmyun, 
tog%tiier  with  the  manor  of  Scrivelsby,  to 
whldi  the  Championship  is  attached.  Sir 
John  IWmoke,  kt..  was  the  first  who  for- 
mally Ateharged  uie  office^  at  the  corona- 
tion of  lUchard  II.,  and  Sir  Henry  I)t- 
moke,  bait.*  the  present  Champion,  is  tne 
seventeeattk  of  his  family  who  has  hekl  it." 
—(p.  160.) 

These  specimens  we  tmst  will  commend 
the  work  to  favourable  notice;  and  we 
should  be  glad  to  find  that  the  compiler 
had  met  with  due  encoiiiragement  to  in- 
duce him  to  bring  out  an  enlarged  edition 
— for  we  mark  imperfections  here  and 
there,  such  as  are  almost  nnavddable  in 
a  first  attempt  to  collect  sadi  a  body  ot 
miscellaneoiiB  matter. 


540 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Not. 


The  Right  of  American  Slavery,  By 
T.  W.  HoiT,  of  the  St.  Louis  Literary  and 
I'hllosophical  Association.  (St.  Loms,  Mo. : 
L.  Bushnell.) — Most  people  in  England 
have  heard  enough,  perhaps  more  than 
enough,  on  the  suhject  of  American  sla« 
very,  but  it  must  be  confessed  that  it  has 
been  almost  all  on  one  side  of  the  question. 
On  the  sound  principle,  Audi  alteram  par- 
tern,  we  think  ourselves  bound  to  devote 
a  small  portion  of  our  space  to  a  pamphlet 
on  the  other  side,  which  the  author  has 
had  the  courtesy  to  send  us  from  the  city 
of  St.  Louis,  on  the  Mississippi.  Every 
one  knows  the  great  exertions  that  the 
Abolitionists  are  making  to  spread  their 
principles  by  means  of  the  press,  but  if  we 
may  take  the  announcement  on  the  title- 
page  as  fact,  "  First  and  Second  Editions, 
600,000  copies,"  the  other  party  bids  fair 
to  rival  them.  Mr.  Hoit  sees  in  the  anti- 
slavery  agitation  the  working  of  British 
gold;  the  monarchies  of  Europe,  but 
e-pccially  that  of  England,  he  sa^s,  have 
a  deadly  hatred  to  American  institutions, 
and  having  been  foiled  both  in  arms  and 
in  diplomacy,  they  now  seek  to  bring 
about  a  dissolution  of  the  Union,  by  setting 
the  North  against  the  South;  and,  unless 
a  large  portion  of  the  American  people 
can  be  made  to  perceive  "  the  fatal  faUacy 
of  emancipation,"  ho  feels  assured  that 
the  scheme  will  succeed,  when  "  national 
oblivion"  will  be  the  consequence.  Hence 
he  argues  on  the  "  fitness  of  the  African 
for  slavery,"  and  the  consequent  **ab- 
surdit}'  of  negro  equality  j"  proves  by  cita- 
tion from  Herodotus  downwards  that "  the 
negro  1ms  ever  been  a  slave,"  and  from 
Herder  and  others  that  he  is  a  mere  ani- 
mal, **  the  representative  of  barbaric  fury 
and  degradation,  and  the  type,  in  human 
form,  of  that  chaotic  element  of  self-anni- 
hilation, which  nature  has  kindly  restricted 
to  the  fewest  number  of  the  lowest  orders 
of  animated  being."  He  maintains  that 
the  African  is  not  intended  for  freedom ; 
that  those  in  the  United  States  have  no 
wish  for  it,  and  that  if  released  from  the 
beneficent  control  of  their  masters  they 
would  soon  relapse  into  barbarism,  and 
ultimately  into  cannibalism,  —  a  future 
which  he  confidently  predicts  for  the  black 
11 


republic  of  Liberia.  Thus  it  would  be  an 
injury  to  the  negro  to  set  him  free,  and 
his  conscientious  masters  dare  not  do  it» 
on  his  account, — to  say  nothing  of  the 
misery  to  civilized  man  all  over  the  world, 
which  would  ensue  from  the  fidlnre  of 
American  slave-grown  cotton,  for,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Hoit,  we  are  clothed  with 
nothing  else,  and  must  become  naked  bar- 
barians ourselves  if  left  without  it. 

The  whole  argument  briefly  runs  thm — 
Civilization  is  right,  barbarism  is  wrong ; 
slavery  is  an  incident  of  civilizatioti ;  and 
the  world  would  fall  back  into  chaos  were 
not  the  race  of  Ham  kept  in  its  divinely 
appointed  place  by  the  strong  hand  of  the 
slave-owner.  Leaving  our  readers  to  form 
their  own  estimate  of  them,  we  extract 
our  author's 

**  PhILOBOPHIOAL  PoBTULATES  OV  AMM" 
BICAK  SlAYXBY. 

'*1.  Right  holds  a  just  and  heaven- 
derived  supremacy  over  wrong. 

"2.  Barbarism  is  wrong.  It  coodnc^s 
to  the  misery  and  degradation  of  mankind. 
Africa  is  barbarous.  The  African  race  is 
a  race  of  barbarians. 

"3.  Civilization  is  right.  It  oondocet 
to  the  elevation  and  happiness  of  mankind. 

'*4.  Civilization  carries  with  it  the 
right  of  supremacy  over  barbarism. 

*<  5.  It  is  right  to  summon  the  barba- 
rian to  the  lessons  of  civilization,  and  to 
teach  him  its  primary  lessons;  to  elevate 
him  to  the  dignity  of  labour. 

"  0.  It  is  right  to  HOLD  the  barbarian 
subject  to  the  rules  of  civilization ;  to  pro- 
tect him  by  its  laws,  and  rescne  bim  from 
the  wrongs  and  miseries  of  barbarism.  In 
this  way  only  he  can  be  made  happier  and 
better.  He  falls,  if  unsupported  by  ex- 
ternal power. 

**  7.  American  slnvery  promotes  civilisa- 
tion, by  the  production  of  materials  where- 
with to  clothe  the  nakedness  of  msnkind, 
and  the  useful  medium  of  knowledge  snd 
intelligence,  through  books  and  literature^ 
printed  upon  materials  which  are  the  pro- 
duct of  slave  labour. 

*'8.  It  is  just  that  barbarism  should 
subserve  civilization;  that  Wrong  should 
subserve  Right. 

«9.  The  African  is  not  equal  to  the 
white  man,  but  is  a  barbarian,  and  as  such 
has  no  political  rights. 

*<10.  American  dsvery  ii  Right."— 
(pp.  49,  60.) 


I860.] 


The  East  Anglian. 


541 


The  following  is  his  practical  Conclu- 
sion : — 

**  If,  then,  it  ia  not  right,  nor  practica- 
ble, nor  posnble,  to  restore  these  4,000,000 
of  Africans  to  barbarism,  why  any  longer 
a^tate  the  snlject  P  Why  ke^  the  negro 
in  perpetual  dread  of  change,  and  the 
owner  dubious  of  the  ftiture  ?  Why,  by 
this  negro  agitation,  create  apprehenuon 
in  the  minds  of  our  own  people  for  the 
stability  and  permanence  of  this  govem- 
ment,  and  hope  in  tke  minds  of  all  the 
monarchists  of  the  world  that  this  agita- 
tion will  divide  and  destroy  tl^  last  great 
bulw  irk  of  human  freedom  P 

«  Why  shall  we  pot  to  hazard  that  free- 
dom which  is  already  secure  P  Why  in- 
volye  in  experiments  those  tangible  ao- 
quisitions  which  we  have  made  to  this 
priceless  inheritance  of  freedom  P  Wash- 
ington is  gone,  but  he  has  left  us  his 
bright  example,  and  his  solemn  admoni- 
tions. Let  those  who  are  greater,  and 
wiser,  and  purer  than  Washington,  im- 
peach him.  Let  those  whose  precepts  or 
examples  excel  his,  question  the  superiority 
of  his  virtue  and  valour.  Let  those  who 
have  done  more  for  human  freedom  de- 
nounce him  as  the  enemy  of  mankind,  and 
erect  for  themselves  a  standard  of  moral 
action,  which  shall  rise  to  the  stupendous 
height  of  their  own  boundless  egotism !" — 
(pp.  50,  61.) 


most  exhausted  th^  slender  frmds,  and 
we  see  with  regret,  from  the  minutes  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Ckmrnittea^  that 
''Crown  fees  and  stamp  dnty^  fbr  a 
Charter  of  Incorporation  have  abstracted 
£134  10s.  2<2.  from  them.  It  is  a  pity  that 
the  Crown  should  be  less  liberal  to  so  vala* 
able  an  institution  than  a  firm  of  solid- 
tors  (Messrs.  Clayton  &  Sons,  of  Lan- 
caster-place), who  <*  declined  to  make  any 
charge  for  their  professional  services  in 
thematter.**  An  excellent  paper  on  Wea- 
ther Glasses  and  ForetelHng  the  Weather, 
by  Admiral  Fitz-Boy,  contains  much  in- 
formation that  may  be  nseftil  even  to 
those  who  never  encounter  the  perihi  of 
the  seas,  and  will  well  repay  pemsaL 


The  Idfe-hoat,  Ko.  Sa  (Published  by 
the  Royal  National  Life-boat  Institution.) 
— Wc  some  time  ago  commended  the  So- 
ciety that  issues  tbis  littie  periodical  to 
the  support  of  our  readers,  and  we  take 
the  present  opportunity  of  menti(ming 
that  it  now  contemplates  extending  the 
sphere  of  its  usefrdness  by  frnrnishing  baro> 
meters  to  its  life-boat  stations,  whdob,  to 
the  number  of  more  than  a  hundred,  fbrm 
a  nearly  continuous  chain  around  our 
coasts.  Had  such  means  of  warning  as 
the  barometer  affords  been  at  hand,  it  is 
not  too  much  to  say  that  the  deplonible 
loss  of  life  among  the  Tarmouth  fishermen 
which  marked  the  storm  of  the  28th  of 
May  would  not  have  occurred.  The  So- 
ciety asks  for  contributions  for  this  special 
purpose,  as  well  as  to  meet  their  ordinary 
expenditure,  and  we  trust  that  th^  will 
not  ask  in  vain.  The  expenses  attendant 
on  the  exertions  of  their  life-boats  during 
the  gales  of  May  and  June  last  have  al- 
Gekt.  Ma0.  Vol.  CCIX. 


The  MeKquary,  Ko.  II.  (London:  J.  B. 
Smith.  Derby:  Bemrose  and  Sons.)-- 
TMb  second  number  of  Mr.  LL  Jewitt^ 
publication  amply  redeems  the  promise  of 
the  first.  The  Editor  fbmishes,  in  his 
paper  ''On  Scolds,  and  how  th^  cured 
them,"  ajbimentable  picture  of  the  barba- 
rism of  some  of  the  practices  of  the  ^good 
old  times  ;*'  it  is  ilhutrated  1^  engravings 
of  about  a  score  of  existing  examples  of  the 
branks^  among  which  one  termed  the 
Witches'  Bridle  from  Vorhr,  is  oonspt* 
cnoos  with  its  three  sharply-pdintod  spikA^ 
and  is  justly  termed  a  "  diaboHcal  Instni* 
menf  There  are  also  several  pleasbg 
papers  on  Derbyshire  sutjectB,  inchidingy 
with  an  eye  no  doubt  to  lady  readers>  a 
love-story  relating  to  the  fbrmer  posseesora 
of  Haddon  Hall,  and  the  Editor  treats 
amusingly  on  Fkdry  Bings  and  thdr  folk- 
lore. Among  the  Original  Documents  is  a 
list  of  jewels  delivered  to  the  unfinrtnnate 
Derbyshire  lady,  ArsbeUa  Stoart,  to  whidi 
a  ISu$-nmile  of  her  dgnatnre  is  ^ipended ; 
anda  good  collection  of  Notes,  Queries,  and 
Oleaniogs  completes  the  number. 


T9(e  2Rm^  .^^MM^  Nos.  7  and  8.  (Lowes- 
toft :  Tymms.)~Tlus  cheiq;»  little  publica- 
tion is  wen  deservmg  the  notice  of  k)oal 
antiquaries.  One  of  the  numbers  belbre 
us  contidns  a  good  account  of  the  Dutch 
chun^  at  Korwieii  (the  old  Black  Friars), 
and  puts  on  record  several  inseriptioiM 
that  are  fai  danger  of  perishing  fr«n  tlM 

8t 


542 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Nov. 


dAiDpness  of  the  chnrch  and  the  inferior 
quality  of  the  stones ;  the  other  contains, 
among  a  variety  of  brief  notes,  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  curions  fresco  in  Ringshall  Church, 
and  an  enumeration  of  the  inscriptions  on 
church-bells  at  Bungay,  Ipswich,  and  else- 
where. 


The  Momans  in  Gloucestershire,  and  the 
Results  of  their  Residence  in  this  Country 
considered  in  an  Historical,  Social,  and 
Religious  Toint  of  View :  embracing  the 
very  interesting  Question,  whether  or  not 
we  owe  our  early  Christianity  to  our  In- 
tercourse with  them,  and  whether  St.  Paul 
himself  preached  in  Britain  and  possibly 
at  Gloucester,  A  Lecture  by  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Ltsons,  M.A.  (London :  Hamil- 
ton, Adams,  and  Co.)  —  The  ample  title- 
page  of  this  lecture  is  a  very  sufficient 
indication  of  its  contents.  The  lecture  was 
delivered  before  the  Literary  and  Scientific 
Society,  and  the  Gloucester  Association  for 
Young  Men,  and  the  profits  are  designed 
for  the  restoration  of  a  district  lending 
library,  in  the  author's  parish  of  St.  Luke, 
Gloucester.  Mr.  L)  sons  cannot  be  quite 
sure  that  the  great  Apostle  of  the  Gen- 
tiles preached  in  Gloucester,  but  he  is 
quite  certain  that  that  city  had  "  the  first 
Christian  king  that  ever  was,  and  that 
in  the  persons  of  Pomponia  Gnccina  and 
Claudia  professing  Christians  existed  in 
it  within  eleven  years  after  our  Saviour's 
crucifixion."  Besides  detailing  these  facts, 
he  gives  a  good  account,  for  general  read- 
ing, of  many  Roman  antiquities  found  in 
various  parts  of  Gloucestershire ;  and  com- 
ing down  to  modern  days,  he  touches  on 
the  siege  of  Gloucester  by  the  troops  of 
Clmrles  I.  The  Lecture  is  accompanied  by 
a  map,  and  several  wood-engravings,  all 
carefully  executed,  and  we  are  glad  to 
bring  it  before  the  notice  of  our  readers 
as  a  good  summary  of  important  facts 
wliich,  from  being  scattered  over  works  of 
rather  ancient  date,  are  less  known  at  pre- 
sent than  they  ought  to  bo. 


St.  Paul's.  (London:  Biving^tons.) — ^The 
name  of  Mr.  Gumey  is  quite  enough  to 
draw  attention  to  this  volume.  It  con- 
tains twenty  sermons,  all  strongly  marked 
by  the  well-known  characteristics  of  their 
author.  The  sermons  on  '*  Christiau  Re- 
sponsibilities and  New  Year's  Wishes"  we 
would  especially  commend  to  notice. 


Parish  Sermons,  Second  Series,  by  Wil- 
liam Fbasbb,  B.C.L.,  (London:  J.  H. 
and  Jas.  Parker,)  are  in  continuation  of 
a  series  that  appeared  about  five  years 
ago,  and  was  well  received.  These,  de- 
livered in  Alton  parish  church,  are  equally 
worthy  of  commendation — perhaps  more 
so,  as  they  embody  the  result  of  ad^Uonal 
study  of  the  Fathers,  in  consequence  of 
their  author  having  in  the  interval  pro- 
duced "  A  Plain  Commentary  on  the  Book 
of  Psalms,"  which  is  chiefly  patristic  in 
its  views. 


Sreviates  from  Holy  Scripture,  ar- 
ranged for  use  by  the  Bed  of  Sieknett. 
By  the  Rev.  G.  Asden,  M.A.  (Oxford 
and  London:  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Parker.)— 
This  little  work  was  drawn  up,  the  author 
informs  us,  in  the  hope  of  giving  greater 
definiteness  to  his  own  teaching  by  the 
bedside  of  the  sick,  espedally  during  pro- 
tracted cases.  It  appears  to  be  drawn  np 
with  great  care,  and,  as  it  has  veiy  soon 
reached  a  second  edition,  it  evidently  has 
been  found  useful. 


Sermons  preached  in  St,  Mary* s  Church, 
Marylebone,  Third  Series.  By  JouN 
Hampden  Gubnsy,  M.A.,  Prebendary  of 


Blackie's  Comprehemive  HiaUny  of 
England.  Parts  31,  d2.—Tbis  work  is 
proceeding  steadily  and  satisfiictorily  to- 
wards completion.  The  parts  before  as 
contain  the  very  important  period  from 
the  Peace  of  Amiens  to  the  death  of  George 
III.,  a  space  of  «ghteen  years.  The  story 
throughout  is  well  written,  dear,  and 
impartial;  but  the  porUon  of  the  most 
interest  at  the  present  day  is,  tbe  narra- 
tive of  the  first  three  or  four  years  of  the 
renewed  war.  The  preparations  of  England 
to  meet  the  invasion  threatened  by  France 
are  well  told,  and  the  story  may  safdy  be 
commended  to  g^eneral  attention.  As 
usual,  some  maps,  and  several  good  por- 
traits, are  given. 


I860.] 


548 


BIRTHS. 


Avg,  16.  At  GoTemment-hoiiM,  Hongkong, 
the  Hon.  Lady  Robinson,  a  dan. 

Aug,  18.  At  Victoria,  Hongkong,  the  wife  of 
Patrick  R.  Harper,  esq.,  banker,  a  dan. 

Aug.  30.  At  Cbowringhee,  Calcntta,  the  wife 
of  the  ReT.  W.  Ayerst,  Rector  of  St  Paul's 
School,  a  son. 

Aug.  31.  At  Mazagon  Castle,  Bombay,  Lady 
Jamsetjee  Jcjeebhoy,  a  son. 

Sept.  4.  At  Calcutta,  the  wife  of  Capt.  BaaQ 
£.  Bacon,  late  50th  Regt  B.N.L,  and  second 
Assistant  Secretary  to  Qoremment  Military  De- 
partment, a  son. 

Sept.lO.  AtMynpoorle,North-WeatProTlnoe8, 
the  wife  of  Henry  Minchin  Chase,  esq.,  Bengal 
Civil  Senrice,  a  dau. 

Sept.  12.  At  Nea-houae,  Cbristehnrch,  Hants, 
the  wife  of  M^jor  Gordon  Cameron,  4th  (King's 
Own)  Regt.,  a  dau. 

Sept.  13.  At  Nuaseerabad,  Bombay,  the  wife 
of  Capt.  H.  YeWerton  Beale,  a  son. 

Sept.  14.  At  Tumworth,  Dorset,  the  wife  of 
W.  Parry  Okendon,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Old-hall,  Halkyn,  Mrs.  Gerarge  Hugliee, 
a  dau. 

Sept.  15.  At  Saugor,  Central  India,  the  wife 
of  Capt.  Charles  Stuart  W.  Ogilyie,  a  dan. 

At  Madras,  the  wife  of  the  Rer.  J.  BnthTon 
Macfarlane,  a  dau. 

Sept.  17.  At  Barthomley-reetory,  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  George  Arkwright,  a  son. 

At  Chcttle-lodge,  Blandford,  the  wife  of  Oapt. 
Douglas  Curry,  of  H.M.S.  "  Abonkir,"  a  dau. 

Sept.  18.  At  the  Dowager  Lady  Wenlock's, 
Berkeley-sq.,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Jas.  Stuart  Wortley, 
a  dau. 

At  Hatherly-place,  Cheltenham,  the  wife  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Grey,  85th  Light  Infantry,  a  son. 

Sept.  20.  At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  R.  H. 
Wyatt,  esq.,  GrosTen(v-pl.,  Hyde-park,  a  son. 

At  the  Manor-house,  Chiswick,  the  wifis  of 
Harrington  Tuke,  M.D.,  a  son. 

SepU  21.  At  Manor-lodge,  Tunbridge  Wella, 
the  wife  of  Chas.  W.  Morice,  esq.,  of  Gkmoester- 
ter.,  Hyde-park,  a  son. 

Sept.  22.  At  Ashley  Manor-honae,  Box,  the 
wife  of  Dr.  Nasb,  a  dau. 

At  North  Ferriby,  East  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of 
John  Smythe  Egginton,  esq.,  a  son. 

Sept.  24.  At  Guernsey,  the  wife  of  Col.  O.  H. 
Pagan,  a  dau. 

At  Surbiton-hill,  Kingston  •  on -Thamea,  the 
wife  of  C.  H.  Chatfleld,  esq.,  barrister-at-law, 
a  son. 

In  Bryanston-sq.,  the  Lady  Wodehonee,  a  son. 

Sept.  25.  At  Hopetoun-bonse,  Linlithgow- 
shire, the  Countess  of  Hopetoun,  a  son  and  heir. 

Sept.  28.  At  Edinburgh,  Lady  Edith  FMiu*- 
son,  a  dau. 

At  Whitley-Ticarage,  the  wife  of  the  Ber.  Wm. 
Valentine,  a  son,  stiU-bom. 


Sept,  S9.  At  Dortiam,  the  wife  of  Edgir  Mey- 
sell,  esq.,  barrlster-at-law,  a  dan. 

At  Bowlhead-green,  near  GodatanJng,  the  Lady 
Dorothy  Nevill,  prematurely,  a  dau.,  atillbom. 

Sept,  SO.  At  Denne-hill,  Kent,  the  wife  of 
Lieut-Col.  Montreaor,  Grenadier  Guards,  a  dan. 

Oct.  1.  At  Bomanby-hooae^  MorthaUerton,  the 
wife  of  Capt  Hill,  a  dan. 

At  Weymouth,  the  wife  of  F.  W.  Bemaaal^ 
esq.,  of  Kenaington-park-gardena,  a  dan. 

Oct,  3.  At  Brookileld-houae,  Paignton,  tha 
wife  of  CoL  MaUoek,  late  Bengal  Artillery,  aeon. 

At  Lake-honae^  Torquay,  the  wife  of  Oapt 
Bobwt  Grange,  a  son. 

Oct,  3.  At  Sarakoaeik),  H.I.M.  the  Bmpreaa  of 
Bnssia,  a  prince. 

At  Apethorpe-hall,  Northamptonahire,  the 
Connteas  of  Westmoreland,  a  dan. 

Lady  Norreya,  a  aoo. 

Oct,  4.  At  York-houae,  Penaanoe,  the  wife  of 
Frederick  Smith,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Redhall,  eo.  Antrim,  the  wife  of  the  Very 
Ber.  Geo.  Bull,  Dean  qH  Connor,  a  son. 

Oct  5.  At  Bipley,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  the  Ber. 
Charlea  Richmond  Tate,  a  eon. 

Od,  6.  In  Pont-st,  Mrs.  ^HlUam  O.  Yemoii 
Haroourt,  a  son. 

At  Bishop  Auckland,  the  wife  of  Chariton 
ElUott  Moi^an,  esq.,  a  8<m. 

At  l^lorence-Tilla,  'VHmbledaa-paik,  the  wife 
of  Sidney  R.  Percy,  esq.,  a  dan. 

At  Haarlem,  the  wife  of  J.  G.  C  L.  NewnhaSf 
esq.,  H.M.'8  Oonanl  at  Anurterdam,  a  dan. 

In  BelgrayeHMi.,  the  Lady  KatfaaclM  Hamilton 
Rnsaell,  a  dan. 

Oct,  7.  At  Mortimer-liouae,  HaDdn-at,  fh« 
Lady  Louisa  Donglaa  Pennant,  a  dan.  atUl-bom. 

Oe*,  8.  At  TrafEbrd-park,  Lady  Annette  do 
Traflbrd,  a  dan. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Leithkiric,  the  wife  of  the 
Ber.  J.  C.  Gregory,  a  dan. 

Oct,  9.  At  Buriton-reetory,  the  wife  of  the 
Ber.  J.  M.  Snmner,  a  son. 

At  Bylands,  Hanta,  the  wife  of  Doai^  T. 
Vernon,  esq.,  a  dan. 

At  Kineton,  the  wife  of  OoL  CBrtwri^it»  a 


At  Trent-perk,  the  wife  of  B.  0.  L.  Bevn, 
esq.,  a  aoo. 

At  Egginton -ban.  Burton* on -ftent^  Lndj 
Erery,  a  son. 

At  Bipon,  Yockahire^  the  wife  of  Chriitopher 
Bayers,  esq.,  a  dan. 

At  Vienna-TilkwByde,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  wife 
of  Benjamin  Aroher  Kent,  X*I>i  i^  Mn. 

Oct.  10.  At  Ftoeet-hill,  the  wife  of  Geoifo 
Jamee  Tohy,  a  eon. 

At  Worth-park,  Suaan,  the  wife  ef  Joeeph 
Meyer  Monteflore,  a  aon. 

At  MottisfeBt  Abbey,  Htotib  the  Hon.  Mki. 
Hinry  Cvnoni  n  dMi.  . 


544 


Births. — Marriages. 


[Nov. 


At  the  Royal  Marine  Barraolu,  Stonchouse, 
the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Lambrick,  K.St.F.,  a  son. 

Oct.  11.  At  St.  Leonard's  Forest,  near  Uorshanb 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Keith  Falconer,  a  son. 

At  Woolwich,  the  wife  of  Lieut. -Col.  Thompson, 
Boyal  Artillery,  a  son. 

Oct.  12.  At  Grove-house,  East  Moulsey,  Surrey, 
the  wife  of  James  Creswick,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Riyersley,  near  Liverpool,  the  wife  of  Chas. 
F.  Melly,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Newdegrate  Rectory,  Surrey,  Mrs.  8.  M. 
Mayhew,  a  son. 

Oct.  13.  At  Firle-pl.,  the  seat  of  Viscount  Gage, 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Edward  Gage,  a  son. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Plymtrec,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Prebendary  Domford,  Rector  of  the  parish, 
a  son. 

At  Romaldkirk,  the  wife  of  John  Kipling,  esq., 
a  dau. 

Oct.  14.    Lady  Radstock,  a  dau. 

At  Brussels,  the  Princess  Theobald  de  Yismes 
et  de  Ponthieu,  a  dau. 

At  Castleton,  Monmouthshire,  the  Hon.  Lady 
Walker,  a  son. 

At  Streatham  Rectory,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
J.  R.  NichoU,  a  dau. 

Oct,  15.  At  Hersham,  near  Esher,  the  wife  of 
Major  Spiccr,  a  dau. 

In  New  Steyne,  Brighton,  the  wife  of  Frederick 
Ilaworth,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Ashurst-lodge,  East  Grinstead,  the  wife  of 
Capt.  Hamond,  a  son. 

At  Cuckfield,  Sussex,  Mrs.  Edward  Waugh, 
a  son. 

Oct,  16.  At  the  WaldroBs,  Croydon,  the  wife 
of  John  C.  C.  Az^mar,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Wandsworth,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Alexander 
Corscllis,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Waltham-house,  Mrs.  JollifTe  Tufncll,  a  dau. 

At  Milton  Bryan  Rectory,  Beds,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  G.  S.  Whitlock,  a  son. 


In  Portland-pl.,  the  wife  of  Hduy  Hoyle 
Oddie,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Tan-y-bryn,  Bangor,  the  wife  of  Arthur 
Wyatt,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Maidstone,  the  wife  of  Mi^or  Lawrte,  A^Jt. 
Srd  Battalion  Kent  Rifle  Volonteers,  a  aon. 

At  West-end,  Hampetead,  the  wife  of  MmUam 
Henry  Miles,  esq.,  a  aon. 

Oct.  17.  At  SutUm-coort-lodge,  CUswiek,  the 
wife  of  Frederick  Wigan,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Redville,  Swindon,  the  wife  of  Henry 
Kinneir,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Thomaa 
Duncan,  esq.,  M.D.,  a  son. 

At  St.  James's-house,  West  MalTem,  fbe  wife 
of  Benjamin  Bright,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Oct.  18.  At  Sutherland-terr.,  Bast  Brixton, 
the  wife  of  H.  Brooke  Alder,  esq.,  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  Edward  SoUy,  esq.,  F.R.8.,  of 
Holme-court,  Isleworth,  a  dau. 

At  the  Windsor  Hotel,  Moray-pL,  Edinborgli, 
the  Countess  of  Munster,  a  son. 

At  Southsea,  the  wife  of  lieut.-Ool.  WllUam 
Stuart,  M.P.,  of  Kempston,  Beds,  a  eon  and 
heir. 

Oct.  19.  At  Little  Hallingbnry  Reetory,  near 
Bishop's  Stortford,  the  wife  of  the  Ber.  Stanley 
Pemberton,  a  dau. 

Oct.  20.  At  Brighton  Reetory,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  J.  N.  Simpkinson,  a  dan. 

Oct.  21.  At  Caldecote,  Warwiokshire,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Hallward,  a  son. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Stoke,  near  Boeheeter,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  E.  O.  Harris,  a  dan. 

At  the  Quadrant,  Coventry,  the  rerfdenee  of 
her  father,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  VrwndM  W. 
Lamb,  of  BLUlmorton,  Rugby,  a  dan. 

At  the  Rectory,  Stretton-en^e-Field,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Amlnrosc  C.  B.  Cave,  a  son* 

Oct.  22.  The  widow  of  OoL  BeyneD  Pack, 
a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 


Aug.  1.  At  Madras,  R.  Reginald  Scott,  esq., 
eldest  son  of  Comm.  C.  K.  Scott,  R.N.,  of  Bur- 
scldon-houHe,  Brighton,  to  Justa,  dau.  of  the 
late  Major  Locke,  of  Madras. 

Aug.  15.  At  Seetapore,  Oudh,  Marshall  P. 
Moriarty,  esq.,  Lieut,  late  4lHt  B.N.I.,  to  Emily 
Casement,  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Frances 
Spencer  Hawkins,  C.B.,  of  II.M.'s  Bengal  Indian 
Army,  and  late  Commissttry-General. 

Aug.  18.  At  Geelong,  John  Kldon  Gorst,  esq., 
of  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  second  son  of  the  late  E.  C. 
Lowndes,  esq.,  of  Preston,  Lancashire,  to  Mary 
Elissabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Lorenao  Moore, 
formerly  Incumbent  of  St.  Peter's,  Hull. 

Aug.  23.  At  Highweek,  Devon,  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Sadler,  Curate  of  Highweek,  to  Agatha  Blanche 
Isabella,  dau.  of  the  late  Mark  Henryson,  esq. 

Aug.  28.    At  St.  Michael's,  Compton  Martin, 


Somersetshire,  the  Bev.  Chaa.  Weston  Dereaish, 
B.A.,  Incumbent  of  Publow,  fenrth  eoa  of  the 
late  William  Devenish,  esq.,  of  WejMonth,  to 
Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  H«»««^«i^ 
esq.,  of  Monkstown,  co.  Dublin. 

At  Sherborne,  Dorset,  Bdmond  Kendall,  esq., 
of  Bourton-on-the-Water,  GkNwselershIre,  to 
Amelia,  third  dau.  of  the  tete  Be^J.  Chanedlor, 
esq.,  of  Sherborne. 

Sfpt,  4.  At  Horfleld,  Bristol,  the  Beiv.  Hewj 
Fowler,  second  son  of  Charles  Fewler,  eeq.,  of 
Totteridge-house,  High  Wyeombe,  Bndca.,  to 
Julia  Vranoes,  youngest  dan.  of  Jae.  B.  Tnlton, 
esq.,  late  of  the  Royal  Horse  Onaids  Bine. 

At  Old  Essthoame,  Bnssell  Jaaes^  eldest  anr- 
viving  son  of  William  Charlea  Kerr,  eaq^  of  the 
Hale,  Newnham,  Gloaoeetershire,  to  Bosn  Mary 
Anne,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  O.  B.  OriSIha, 
of  Castle-hill,  Kngtofleld-gmn»  Boxey. 


I860.] 


Marriages, 


545 


Sept.  6.  At  Steeple  Ashton,  Capt.  Lewis  Jones, 
8'h  Regt.,  to  Sarah  Jane,  only  dau.  of  Col.  Henry 
O.  Crawley,  of  the  Royal  En^eers. 

Sept.  8.  At  Glendermott,  Andrew  Ferguson 
Knox,  esq.,  of  Umey-park,  co.  Tyrone,  to  Kathe- 
rine  Geor^na  Elizabeth,  second  duu.  of  Latham 
Blacker,  esq.,  of  Glenkeen,  oo.  Londonderry. 

Sept.  11.  Edmund,  youngest  son  of  Robert 
Robertson,  esq.,  of  Stirford-house,  near  War- 
minster, to  Jane,  only  surviying  dau.  of  the  late 
Charles  May,  jun.,  esq.,  of  Basingstukc. 

At  Llandudno,  N.W.,  Archibald  Briggs,  esq., 
of  Liverpool,  second  son  of  H.  Briggs,  esq.,  of 
Outwood-hall,  near  Wakefield,  to  Alice  Sophia, 
youngest  dau.  of  J.  Steward,  esq.,  of  Llandudno. 

At  Walcott  Church,  the  Rev.  C.  M.  de  P. 
Gillam,  M.A.,  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford, 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Gillam,  Vicar  of  North 
Leigh,  Oxon,  to  Ellen,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Peter  Hall,  Rector  of  Milston  and  Brigminster. 

At  Stapieton,  George  Henry  Bengough,  esq., 
of  the  Ridge,  Gloucestershire,  to  Mary  Jose- 
phine, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Butterworth. 

At  Rhyl,  North  Wales,  the  Rev.  H.  Oldershaw, 
M.A.,  of  Lichfield,  to  Milliceut  Susan,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Francis  S.  Darwin,  of  Bread- 
sail  Priory,  Derbyshire. 

Sept.  12.  At  Trowbridge,  Evan  Thos.  Prosser, 
of  Woodstock,  Oxon,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Evan 
Prosser,  to  Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Jennings,  esq.,  of  Trowbridge. 

At  Dublin,  Thomas  Donaldson,  esq.,  Srd  Light 
Dragoons,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Donaldson, 
esq.,  of  Cheswardine,  Shropshire,  to  Louisa  Helen 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  A.  H.  Kir  wan, 
esq.,  of  Bawnmorc,  Galway. 

At  Swanage,  Dorset,  Capt.  Fred.  S.  Steele, 
eldest  son  of  Capt.  Matthew  Frederick  Steele,  of 
Sutton,  Surrey,  to  Martha,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  F.  Blake,  barU,  of  Twisel,  Northum- 
berland. 

At  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Durdham  Down, 
Clifton,  Joseph  Hope,  son  of  the  late  Booth 
Hodgetts,  esq.,  and  of  Enmianuel  College,  Gam- 
bridge,  to  Catherine  Brown,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Rees,  eoq.,  or  China,  and  niece  of 
D.  L.  Rees,  esq.,  of  Hampton-terrace,  Clifton. 

Sept.  13.  At  Patrixbourne,  near  Canterbury, 
Edward  Bourchier  Savile,  esq.,  of  PUton,  Devon, 
to  Margaret  Marion,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John 
Stevenson,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Patrixbourne. 

At  the  British  Emba«sy,  Paris,  Capt.  J.  C. 
Prior,  H.M.'s  33rd  M.N.I.,  to  Mary  MeheUbel 
Paithenope,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Gardiner,  esq., 
late  Capt.  5th  Dragoon  Guards. 

At  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  James  William, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  James  Munro  Macnabb, 
esq.,  Hightleld-house,  Hants,  to  Amy,  dau.  of 
Sir  James  Weir  Hogg,  hart.,  formerly  M.P.  for 
Beverley. 

At  Llangocdmore,  Thomas  Harman  Brenchley, 
esq.,  to  Emily  Sarah,  only  dan.  of  Lieut.-CoL 
Vaughan,  of  Llangoedmure-pL,  Cardiganshire. 

Sept.  14.  At  Botolph,  Capt.  W.  H.  A.  Buttler, 
of  the  Madras  Army,  to  Ellen,  dau.  of  the  late 
Hugh  Penfold,  esq.,  of  Annington,  Sussex. 

Sept.  17.    At  St.  Nicholas,  Brighton,  W.  G. 


HoUoway,  esq.,  of  Amersham  -  villas,  Upix-r 
Lewisham-road,  London,  to  Jane,  younger  duu. 
of  the  late  Capt.  J.  S.  Terry,  of  London. 

Sept,  18.  Ai  Christ  Church,  Craven-hill,  Alfred 
Preston,  of  Calcutta,  eldest  son  of  Wm.  Preston, 
esq.,  of  Twyford  Bury-house,  St.  John's-wood- 
park,  to  Harriette  Agnes,  seeond  dau.  of  Walter 
George  Browne,  esq.,  of  Pewsey,  Wilts. 

At  Leyton,  Lieut.  A.  H.  Gilmore,  R.N.,  young- 
est son  of  J.  Gilmore,  esq.,  of  the  Priory,  Walt- 
hamstow,  to  Isabella,  third  dau.  of  tiie  late 
W.  Morris,  esq.,  of  Woodford-hall,  Essex. 

At  High  Harrogate,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barton 
Bensted,  M.A.,  Incumbent  of  Lockwood,  to  Mar- 
garet, youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Leigh,  esq., 
of  Honley. 

At  Scarborough,  Capt.  Jonathan  Yoke  Worth- 
ington,  Bengal  Artillery,  of  Llanvabon,  Glamor- 
ganshire, to  Henrietta  Charlotte  Cooper,  of  Scar- 
borough, dau.  of  Valentine  Bryan,  esq. 

In  Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  W.  Foster,  M.A.,  of 
Hilston,  Yorkshire,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  to  Hannah,  third  dau.  of  Joe. 
Stickney,  esq.,  of  Hull. 

At  Wirksworth,  Major  W.  T.  Johnson,  Comm. 
of  H.M.'s  12th  Irregular  Cavalry,  to  Mary 
Amelia,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Poyser, 
esq.,  Wirksworth,  Derbyshire. 

At  Frome,  A.  G.  Plomer,  esq.,  Lieut,  and 
Adjutant  ILM.'s  25th  Regt.  Bombay  Army,  to 
Helen  Lucretia,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  J. 
Bush,  esq.,  of  Frome  Selwood. 

In  London,  Eugene,  son  of  T.  W.  Candler, 
esq.,  of  London,  to  Selina,  only  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  E.  Temple,  Rochford,  Essex. 

Sept.  19.  At  Poole,  Dorset,  William  Pratten, 
Jan.,  esq.,  of  Bristol,  to  Harriet  Sophia,  younger 
dau.  of  Martin  Kemp- Welch,  esq.,  of  Poole. 

At  Brixton,  R.  Hurley,  esq.,  of  Cambridge,  to 
Mary  Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Bowden, 
esq.,  of  St.  Alban*s. 

At  Southborough,  the  Rev.  William  Wynter 
Gibbon,  M.A.,  of  Clifton,  to  Laura  Matilda, 
widow  of  R.  W.  Townsend,  esq.,  of  Rosacarberry, 
CO.  Cork,  and  youngest  dau.  of  Henry  Herbert, 
esq.,  of  BrunUey-common,  Kent 

At  Horbling,  Lincolnshire,  John  Thomas, 
youngest  son  of  William  Tomblin  Keal,  esq., 
M.D.,  of  Wharfland-house,  Oakham,  to  Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  Harris,  Vicar  of 
Horbling. 

At  Scarbro',  William  Evana,  esq.,  of  Ellastone, 
Staffordohire,  to  Margaret  Ann,  eldest  dan.  of 
the  late  John  Thomas  Riddleaden,  esq.,  of  Ash- 
bourne, Derbyshire. 

At  St.  Alphage,  Canterbury,  John  Paul  Quick, 
of  Grove-road,  Brixton,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
John  Paul  Quick,  Church-fields,  Exeter,  to  Eliza, 
eldest  dau.  of  Bex^amin  Mutton,  Palace-street, 
Canterbury. 

AtClevedon,  Somersetshire,  James  Watts,  eaq.» 
of  Claremont,  Bath,  to  Margaret,  only  dan.  of  W. 
Elmer,  esq.,  formeriy  of  Colchester. 

Sept.  20.  At  Stonehouse,  Henry  Bate,  esq.,  of 
Stonehouse,  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Bate,  esq., 
of  Truro,  to  Harriet  Elizabeth,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  William  P.  Neville,  esq.,  of  Canada,  and 


546 


Maiiriages. 


[Nov. 


granddau.  of  Capt.   James   NevillO)   R.N.,  of 
Stukc. 

At  Chelsea,  Wm.  Reed,  esq.,  of  Rood-lane,  and 
Southampton  -  row,  Russell -sq.,  to  Marianne 
Vaughan,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Morgan,  esq., 
of  Glasbury. 

At  Keymer,  Frederick  John,  eldest  son  of  F. 
S.  Cleaver,  esq.,  of  Strcatham,  Surrey,  to  Eliza- 
beth, eldest  dau.  of  T.  Cnmden,  esq.,  of  Burgess- 
hill,  Sus:>ex. 

At  Ewhurst,  Hants,  Laurence  Craven,  M.A., 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  to  Isabel, 
duu.  of  the  late  W.  J.  Chaplin,  esq.,  of  Hyde- 
par  k-gardens,  and  Ewhurst-park. 

At  Bath,  Lewis  John  Way,  esq.,  of  Spencer- 
grange,  Essex,  to  Mary  Isabella,  eldest  dau.  of 
Ilolroyd  Fitsswilliam  Way,  esq.,  of  Buth. 

At  Hawkshead,  Edward,  fifth  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Wadhum,  esq.,  of  Frenchay,  Gloucester- 
shire, to  Mary  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  Monta- 
gue Ainslie,  e*q.,  of  Grizcdale-hall,  Lancohhire. 

At  Brislington,  near  Bristol,  Charles  Owen 
Lord,  esq.,  13th  Regt.  Bombay  N.I.,  to  Elizabeth, 
youngest  dau.  of  Captain  £)yrc  Coote  Lord,  for- 
merly of  the  same  army. 

At  Kocestcr,  Staffurdshire,  Capt.  Thomas  Pal- 
mer, late  of  the  47th  Regt.,  to  Harriet  Elizabeth, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Dawson,  esq.,  of 
Wbatlon-house,  Leicestershire. 

At  Langar,  William  Charles,  only  son  of  Wm. 
Charli'S  Dalley,  esq.,  surgeon,  Syston- villa,  to 
Ilannab,  second  duu.  of  Richard  Marriott,  esq., 
Langar-hull,  Notts. 

At  Shardlow,  E.  M.  CuUcn,  esq.,  Nottingham, 
to  lloManna,  dau.  of  James  Clifford,  esq.,  of 
Broughton-housc. 

Sept.  22.  At  West  Teignmouth,  Devon,  Capt. 
Henry  Wise  Bond,  to  Anna  M:.ria,  second  dau. 
of  the  Isite  Wm.  Warren,  esq.,  of  Dawlish,  Devon. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanuver-sq.,  Edward  Hall, 
Qw\.t  18th  Royal  Irish  Regt,  to  Augusta,  fifth 
dau.  of  James  Theobald,  esq.,  of  Hyde  Abbey, 
Winchester. 

Sept.  24.  At  St.  Faul's,  Covent-garden,  the 
Rev.  George  Pulham,  Curate  of  Ruchford,  Essex, 
youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Pulham,  Vicar  of 
Orby,  Lincolnshire,  and  of  Pinhoe,  Exeter,  to 
Elizabeth  Frances,  second  dau.  of  W.  Harvey, 
est}.,  the  Vineyard,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Srpt,  25.  At  Withyham,  Sussex,  Sir  Alex- 
ander Bannerman,  hurt.,  of  Crimonmogate,  Aber- 
deen, to  Lady  Arabella  Diana  Sockville  West, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Earl  and  Countess  De  la 
Warr. 

At  Amberley,  Alfred  Sclfe  Leonard,  esq.,  of 
Holcumbe,  near  Stroud,  third  son  of  Solomon 
lAMmard,  esq.,  of  Clifton,  to  Margaret  Elizabeth, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  William  Stevens,  esq.,  of 
Tut«hill-lo<lge,  Chepstow. 

At  Milton,  John  Low,  eB<i.,  15th  Regt.,  to 
Catherine  Louisa,  youngest  dau.  of  Capt.  Hal- 
lowcs,  R.N.,  of  Milton-house,  near  Portsmouth. 

William  Frederick  Stewart,  esq.,  Capt.  in 
II.M.'s  Bengal  Irregular  Cavalrj',  to  Cornelia 
Jane,  third  dau.  of  Lee  P.  Townshend,  esq.,  of 
Wincham-hull. 

At  St.  Oswald's,  Chester,  the  Rev.  Robert 


White,  A.B.  Oxon.,  Ineambent  of  Little  Bod- 
worth,  Cheshire,  to  Isabella,  only  dan.  of  l^nUiun 
Dobbie,  esq.,  Dee-view,  Boii^ton. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-eq.,  DaTid  Hems- 
worth,  esq.,  of  Fryston-park,  Milfard  Jonetioii, 
Torkshire,  to  Harriette,  youngest  daa.  of  the 
late  David  Wilcock,  esq.,  of  Spring-plaoe,  Brad- 
ford, Torkshire. 

At  Instow,  Capt.  Charles  Thornton  Stewart,  of 
H.M.'s  Bengal  Engineers,  to  Eliza  Maria,  relict 
of  E.  S.  Whitehouse,  esq. 

At  Loughton,  Essex,  George  Samuel,  aeeond 
son  of  E.  Salter,  esq.,  of  Buckhurst-hill,  Essex, 
to  Anne  Maria,  widow  of  Q.  8.  Wilkinson,  eaq., 
son  of  Lieut-Col.  Wilkinson,  H.E.I.C. 

Sept.  26.  At  St.  Barnabas,  Homerton,  the 
Rev.  C.  H.  J.  Haloombe,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
John  Halcombe,  sergeant-at-law,  to  Mary  Came, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Bamfield,  eaq.,  S^- 
muuth,  Cornwall. 

At  Paddington,  John  Brendon  CuinBcnven, 
esq.,  of  Craven-hill-gardens,  Hyde-park,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  James  Cui^enven,  eaq.,  of  Tre* 
tone,  Cornwall,  to  Josephine,  youngest  dau.  id 
the  late  Joseph  Sadler,  esq.,  of  Southampton- 
villa,  Ilighgute. 

At  Packington,  Dudley  Robert,  aeeond  eon  of 
John  Abel  Smith,  esq.,  to  Emma  Margareite, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  WUIea. 

At  the  Cathedral,  Marlborough-st.,  Dnhlin, 
J.  Byrne,  esq.,  solicitor.  North  Great  QcorgeV 
St.,  eldest  son  of  Michael  J.  Byrne,  J.P.,  of  Bays- 
well,  CO.  Kilkenny,  to  Janette,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Hugh  Thomas  StalTord,  esq.,  of  Oony- 
grane-lodge,  co.  Longford,  and  of  Hardwieke- 
st.,  Dublin,  and  niece  to  the  late  Rev.  Subdeaa 
Stephens,  of  Culver-bouse,  Vicar  of  DuasfSord. 

At  Dartford,  Mr.  George  Waller,  of  Holland- 
st.,  Southwark,  and  New  Chariton,  eldest  sm  of 
Geo.  Waller,  esq.,  of  Dartford,  to  EUsabcth  Sim, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Braund,  esq.,  Dartfbrd, 
Kent. 

At  Trowbridge,  Thomas  Alexander,  esq.,  of 
Monkton,  near  Bridgend,  Glamorganahire,  to 
Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Willism 
Huntley,  of  Trowbridge. 

Sept.  27.  At  Taunton,  St.  John  Coventry,  esq., 
of  Henbury-honse,  Dorset,  to  Mary  EUaabeth, 
only  dau.  of  Ueut.-Col.  T.  W.  Todd,  late  of  the 
14th  Regt  Madras  Native  InCsntry. 

At  Yetminster,  Dorset,  the  Rot.  G.  H.  Wynne, 
to  Harriet  Elisabeth,  second  dan.  of  W.  MelUsb, 
esq.,  of  Guernsey. 

At  Odiham,  Hants,  the  Ber.  Vlaeent  Banks, 
of  St  Paul,  Penzance,  Cornwall,  to  AUee  Mary, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Joa.  Bayley,  eaq.,  swieoa. 

At  Yalding,  Kent,  TiMmas  Jcnninga  White, 
formerly  of  Caius  Coll.,  Cambridge,  and  (rf  the 
Inner  Temple,  to  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  F.  B.  Elry, 
esq.,  Bowhill,  Talding. 

At  Famham,  Surrey,  the  Ber.  William  Toong, 
to  Anne  Maria  Fanny,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late 
Rev.  William  Annesley,  of  Aidilea,  eo.  Down, 
and  granddau.  of  the  late  Hon.  and  Ber.  William 
Annesley,  Dean  of  Down. 

At  Middleton,  Alexander,  eldeat  eon  of  J. 
Murray,  esq.,  of  Aytoo^  Flfcdiinb  to  EUsateth 


I860.] 


Marriages. 


547 


Cliarlottc,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Hough- 
ton iSpcnccr,  of  Werchara. 

At  Ileavitree,  Henry  John,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Edward  Tolcher,  esq.,  of  Harewood-housc, 
Devon,  to  Catherine,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Edw. 
Archer,  esq.,  of  Trelaskc,  Cornwall. 

At  Isleworth,  Samuel  Ward  Tucker,  esq.,  of 
Park-village  West,  Regent's-park,  to  Marianna 
Frcderica  Dent,  of  Worton  -  house,  Isleworth, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Frederick  Cowslade,  esq.,  of 
Reading. 

At  West  Brompton,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Pearson, 
M.A.,  Vicar  of  West  Lavington,  Wilts,  to  Jane, 
ficcond  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Sarel,  esq.,  of 
Berkeley-sq.,  solicitor. 

At  Ashburton,  William  Foot,  esq.,  of  Arfieet, 
Rolstonc,  Dorset,  to  Susan,  only  dau.  of  W.  R. 
Whiteway,  esq.,  of  Kingsbridge  -  house,  Ash- 
burton. 

At  Ruddington,  John  William  Mellor,  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  barrister-at-law,  eldest  son  of  J. 
Mellor,  esq.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Q.C.,  M.P.,  of 
Otterspool,  Herts,  to  Caroline,  fourth  dau.  of 
Charles  Paget,  esq.,  M.P.,  of  Ruddington-grange, 
Notts. 

Captain  Edward  Kcane,  R.A.,  to  Margaret 
Florence,  fifth  dau.  of  Gen.  and  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Lady  Charlotte  Bacon. 

At  Filleigh,  Charles  S.,  only  son  of  Thomas 
Larabc  Willshire,  esq.,  of  Barnstaple,  to  Mary, 
only  dau.  of  D.  T.  Brewer,  esq.,  of  Castlc-hill. 

At  St.  Petersburg,  Maximilian  Heine,  Coun- 
cillor to  His  Imperial  Majesty,  to  Henrietta, 
widow  of  Nicholas  Arendt,  Privy  Councillor  and 
Physician  in  Ordinary  to  the  late  Emperor  of 
Russia,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Chilling- 
worth,  of  Redditch,  Worcestershire. 

Sept.  28.  At  All  Souls',  St.  Marylebone,  the 
Rev.  W.  Goode,  Rector  of  St.  Giles's,  Colchester, 
son  of  H.  Goode,  esq.,  of  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight, 
ban-ister-at-law,  to  Amelia  Aguese,  youngest 
dau.  of  Sir  Chas.  Munro,  hart.,  of  Foulis,  FouLLs 
Castle,  Ross-shire. 

At  Marylebone,  Rear-Admiral  William  Blight, 
R..V.,  to  Jane  Money,  widow  of  the  late  Com- 
mander John  H.  Norcock,  R.N. 

Sept.  29.  At  Teignmouth,  William  Sullivan, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Harrington,  esq., 
Madras  Civil  Service,  to  Laura  Caroline,  eldest 
dau.  of  George  Jas.  Walker,  esq.,  late  13th  Light 
Dragoons. 

Oct.  1.  At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  Christopher 
Richardson,  jun.,  esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  eldest 
son  of  Christopher  Richardson,  esq..  Field-house, 
Whitby,  to  Marian  Catherine,  second  dau-  of  the 
late  Barnard  Hague,  esq.,  of  York,  and  D.L.  and 
J.l*.  for  tbe  West  Riding  of  York. 

Oct.  2.  At  Weston-super-Mare,  Geo.  Aislable, 
son  uf  the  late  Capt.  Hilton,  H.M.'s  16th  Lancers, 
to  Louisa  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John 
IVIiinning  Innes  Hazeland,  esq.,  of  the  Mount, 
Taunton. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Walthamstow,  Hubert  Campion, 
Commander  R.N.,  to  Elizabeth,  elder  dau.  of 
John  Gilmore,  esq.,  of  the  Priory,  Walthamstow, 
Es'^ex. 

At  Redcar,  Thomas  West,  esq.,  A.B.,  barrister, 


of  the  Temple,  Ix>ndon,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau.  of 
Geo.  Grenside,  esq.,  of  Brough ton-house,  Cleve- 
land. 

At  Cheam,  the  Hon.  Humphrey  dc  Bohun 
Devereux,  to  Caroline,  third  dau.  of  Sir  Edmund 
Antrobus,  bart. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Woolwich,  the  Rev.  S.  Buck- 
land,  Yicar  of  Great  Torrington,  to  Isabella 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Haverfield,  R.N. 

At  Turvey,  Beds,  Wm.  Drane,  esq.,  of  Upper 
Clapton,  to  Helen,  second  dan.  of  the  Ilcv. 
Richard  Cecil,  of  Turvey. 

At  Halifax,  the  Rev.  Langford  Lovell  Watts, 
Incumbent  of  Stainland,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev. 
J.  W.  Watts,  Vicar  of  Bicester,  Oxon,  to  Eliza- 
beth, youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Rogers, 
Incumbent  of  Sowerby  Bridge,  Yorkshire. 

At  St.  John's,  Notting-hill,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Doddridge  Gordon,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Richd. 
Gordon,  Rector  of  Elsfleld,  Oxon,  to  Elizabeth 
Oke,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  William 
Buckland,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Westminster. 

At  Clifton,  George,  eldest  son  of  Qeo.  Shackel, 
epq.,  of  Erleigh-court,  near  Reading,  to  Laura 
Augusta,  third  dau.  of  James  Culverwell,  esq.,  of 
Clifton. 

Oct.  8.  At  Beddington,  Surrey,  Capt.  F. 
Torrens  Lyster,  of  the  llth  Regt.,  fifth  son  of  the 
late  Major  Thomas  St.  George  Lyster,  6th  Dra- 
goon Guards,  to  Frances  Jemima,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Reed,  esq.,  of  Westerfield  Wor- 
thing, Sussex. 

At  Chippenham,  Wilts,  Wm.  Kyd  Eliot,  esq., 
of  Cheltenham,  to  Sarah  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of 
Richard  Mortimore,  esq.,  of  Chippenham. 

At  Dublin,  Dr.  Robert  Lewer,  Royal  Horse 
Artillery,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Joseph  Talford,  96th  Regt. 

At  Christchurch  Cathedral,  Fredericton,  Henry 
Filkes  Hooper,  esq.,  76th  Regt.,  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Hooper,  Rector  of  Albury, 
Surrey,  to  Anna,  dau.  of  the  late  Yen.  Geo.  Cos- 
ter, Archdeacon  of  New  Brunswick. 

At  Ripley,  Henry  Cautley,  esq.,  of  Cross-hall, 
Morley,  to  Mary  Ellen,  only  dau.  of  T.  Strother, 
esq.,  of  Westfield-housc,  Killinghall. 

At  Oundle,  Northants,  J.  Grafton  Simpson, 
esq.,  Chester-villas,  Canonbury-park  South,  to 
Mary  Ann  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Baker, 
esq.,  of  Oundle. 

At  Godstone,  Richard  Bankes,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Charles  Baum,  esq.,  of  Denmark-hill, 
Surrey,  to  Alicia  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Carter 
Wood,  esq.,  of  Westminster,  and  Marden-park, 
Surrey. 

At  Rushock,  Worcestershire,  William  Spencer, 
esq.,  of  Woodcote-house,  Bromsgrove,  second 
son  of  William  Spencer,  esq.,  solicitor,  South- 
bank,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  to  Adolpha  Cruso, 
only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Piercy,  LL.B.,  Rector 
of  Rushock. 

Oct.  4.  Col.  the  Hon.  Perry  Herbert,  M.P., 
brother  of  the  Earl  of  Powis,  and  heir-presump- 
tive to  the  earldom,  to  Lady  Mary  Petty-Fitz- 
maurice,  only  child  of  the  late  Earl  of  Kerry,  and 
gn^and-dau.  of  the  Marquis  of  I^ansdowne. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Capt.  Edward  Welch, 


548 


Marriages. 


[Nov. 


late  93rd  Sutherland  Higblandcrs,  second  son 
of  O  A.  W.  Welch,  esq.,  of  Arle-honse,  near 
Cheltenham,  to  Sophia  Anne,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Major  J.  H.  England,  75th  Begt. 

At  Dawlish,  John  Crawshay  Bailey,  esq.,  Com- 
mander R.N.,  of  Midford-house,  Somerset,  son 
of  Sir  Joseph  Bailey,  hart.,  of  Glannak-park, 
Brecon,  to  Maria  Fowler,  youngest  dau.  of 
Charles  Gooch,  esq. 

At  Heavitree,  the  Rev.  William  Rogers,  Rec- 
tor of  Mawnan,  near  Falmouth,  to  Anna,  dau.  of 
Ralph  Barnes,  esq.,  of  Bellair. 

At  Northington,  Hants,  John  Wildman  Thos. 
IjCC,  esq.,  of  Netherton-housc,  Bewdley,  to  Isa- 
bella, youngest  dan.  of  the  Rct.  Henry  Salmon, 
Rector  of  Swarraton-cum-Northington. 

At  the  British  Embassy,  Stuttgart,  Wurtem- 
berg,  John  Robertson,  esq.,  Banstead,  Surrey,  to 
Josephine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Scott, 
esq.,  of  Sandhurst. 

At  Islington,  Benjamin,  third  son  of  Peter 
Courtcnay  Clarke,  esq.,  of  Deronport,  to  Jane 
Sophia,  only  dau.  of  Gilbert  King,  esq.,  M.D., 
Inspector-Gen.  of  Hospitals  and  Fleets,  R.N. 

At  Warblington,  William  Butler  Fellowes, 
Capt.  in  the  3rd  Madras  Cavalry,  second  son  of 
the  late  Sir  James  Fcllowes,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  to  Mary 
Anne,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Norris,  Rector 
of  Warblington,  Hants. 

At  New  Windsor,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Arnold 
Carr,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Cranbrook,  Kent,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  R.  L.  Carr,  esq.,  barrister-at-lav, 
Liverpool,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  B.  Holder- 
ness,  esq.,  of  Park-street,  Windsor. 

At  Oulton,  near  Leeds,  Thomas  Blackburn 
Baines,  esq.,  B.A.,  of  Leeds,  eldest  son  of  Edw. 
Baines,  esq.,  M.P.,  to  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  John 
Buckingham  Pope,  esq.,  of  Oulton. 

At  Eastbourne,  Sussex,  Thomas  Hislop,  esq., 
of  Brixton-hill,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  the  lato  Alexan- 
der Christie,  esq.,  of  Rothes,  N.B. 

At  Knighton,  Radnorshire,  Charles  King, 
youngest  son  of  Thomas  Anderson,  esq.,  of  Wal- 
lington-lodge,  Carshalton,  Surrey,  to  Caroline, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Price  Green,  esq.,  of 
Stone-buildings,  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister-at-law. 

At  Mendlesham,  John  Grimwade,  second  son 
of  J'homas  Francis,  esq.,  of  Wolsham-le- Willows, 
to  Sarah  Wilson,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel 
Simpson  Francis,  gent.,  of  Mcndlesham-hall. 

At  Newmarket,  the  Rev.  William  W.  Edwards, 
B.A.,  Curate  of  Hanover  Church,  Regent-street, 
third  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  Edwards,  M.A.,  Vicar  of 
Burrow-on-Trent,  near  Derby,  to  Emma  Kate, 
third  dau.  of  William  Parr  Isaacson,  esq.,  of 
Willoughby-house,  Newmarket. 

At  Bur>'  St.  Edmunds.  Llewellyn  E.  Smith,  esq., 
of  Newport,  Monmouthsh.,  to  Mary  Waring, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  GwiUim,  esq.,  M.D. 

At  Clapham,  Godfh^y  W.  Barry,  esq.,  fourth 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Barry,  to  Frances 
Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  J.  S.  Ruttrr,  esq.,  kA 
Clapham-common. 

Oct.  5.  At  Edgboston,  H.  C.  W.  Phillips,  esq., 
son  of  W.  Philli|Nt,  esq.,  the  Oaklands,  Moselcy, 
to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  T.  I).  Clare,  esq.,  of 
Upland-house,  BrL^tol-road,  Birmingham. 

12 


Oct,  6.  At  St.  MarRaTet**,  Weitmiiuter,  Joba* 
than  Walker,  esq.,  of  Hawkhflli,  Yorkshire,  voA 
lato  of  the  7th  Dragoon  Gnarda,  to  Emily  Laura, 
yonngo-  dau.  of  T.  Yardoo,  esq.,  of  the  Palaee, 
Westminster. 

At  Edinburgh,  the  Hon.  Mark  George  Ear 
RoUe,  second  son  of  Lord  Clinton,  to  Lady  Ger- 
trude Jane  Douglas,  fifth  dau.  of  tlie  late  George 
Sholto,  Earl  of  Morton. 

At  Stamford,  Edward  John,  fifth  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Green,  esq.,  of  Bank-houae,  Fenton, 
Herefordshire,  to  Agnes,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Nathaniel  Morgan,  Hector  of  Bearsby, 
Leicestershire. 

Oct.  9.  At  Torwood,  Torqnny,  Charles  Edward 
Phillpotts,  sixth  son  of  Henry  Lord  Blihop  of 
Exeter,  to  Jane,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Ber. 
Geo.  Hole,  Prebendary  of  Exeter. 

At  Wichnor,  Staffordshire,  the  Hon.  and  Bev. 
George  Barrington  Leggc,  seoond  son  of  the  lata 
Earl  of  Dartmouth,  to  Sophia  Franoea  Margaret, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  John  Levett,  eeq.,  of  Wlch- 
nor-park. 

At  Benwell,  Samuel  Hall,  eeq.,  ISth  Begt, 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  C.  Hall,  Rector  of  Ter- 
rington,  to  Emily,  eldest  dan.  of  Christian  Allha- 
sen,  esq.,  of  Elswick-hall,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

At  Clifton,  Bristol,  the  Rev.  WilUam  Heniy 
Prideaux,  M.A.,  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford, 
Tutor  of  Codrington  College,  Barhadoa,  to  Ca- 
tharine Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  George  Shap- 
hmd,  esq..  Belle  Yue,  Clifton. 

At  AmUccote,  near  Stourbridge,  Henry  Wal- 
dron,  esq.,  of  CIcnt,  to  Anna  Maria,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Grier,  M.A.,  Inenmbent  of 
Ambleoote. 

At  Tunbridge  Welln,  Frederick  Wm.  Cortcit, 
esq.,  of  Wiseenden  and  Bcthenden.  Kent,  to 
Maria  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Btehwdson, 
esq.,  M.D.,  of  Tunbridge  Wdla. 

At  Croydon,  Capt.  W.  Nembhard,  H.M .*8  Ben- 
gal Army,  to  Louisa  Fanny,  only  dao.  of  John 
Anson  Whealler,  esq.,  of  Mark-hue*  and  the 
Waldrons,  Croydon. 

At  King's  Stanley,  Glouceeterehire,  the  Bev. 
Yaughan  Simpson  Fox,  M  Jk.,  of  Balliol  College, 
Oxford,  and  of  Stanley  St.  Leonard^  to  Emily 
Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Bct.  8amn^ 
Lloyd,  M.A.,  of  Stanley-hall,  (Ibnnerly  Yloar  of 
Horsley,)  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Yice-Adib 
Toung,  of  Barton-end-house. 

Oct,  10.  At  West  Mailing,  Kent,  Bertie  Peter, 
youngest  son  of  Peter  Cator,  esq.,  of  Bceken- 
ham,  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late 
Aretas  Akers,  eeq.,  of  Mailing  Abbey. 

At  Hackney,  J.  Langdon  H.  Downs,  M.D. 
and  M.R.C.P.,  of  Earlswood,  Bedhill,  to  Mary, 
dau.  of  Philip  Crelin,  eeq.,  of  Clapton«eq. 

At  Hove,  Sussex,  William  Hampton  Gutile. 
only  son  oi  Richard  W^eekes,  eeq.,  of  Hampton- 
lodge,  Hurstpicrpolnt,  to  Julia,  yoongcst  dau.  tti 
William  Yidler  Langridge,  esq.,  of  Bmnswick- 
sq..  Hove. 

Oct.  11.  At  Snowdey,  the  Hon.  Col.  Talbot, 
brother  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  to  Lady 
Emma  Stanley,  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Derby. 

At  Tiverton,  Wa.  P.  HanMgr,  »%.,  of  at.  8lc- 


I860.] 


Marriages, 


549 


phen's-road,  Westbourne  -  park,  to  Frances, 
third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William  Kayer,  Rector  of 
Tidcombe  Portion,  Tiverton. 

At  East  Teignmouth,  Octavius  Toogood,  esq., 
of  Annandale,  Torquay,  Bengal  Civil  Service,  to 
Clara,  dan.  of  the  late  Lawrence  Gwynne,  esq., 
LL.D.,  of  Cambrian,  Teignmouth. 

At  St.  Sidweirs,  Exeter,  George  Lasedles  Blake, 
esq.,  Capt.  R.M.L.I.,  to  Elixaboth,  youngest 
dau.  of  Beauchamp  Kerr,  esq.,  of  Westcliffe, 
Isle  of  Wight. 

At  St.  Bride's,  Liverpool,  John  Clarice,  esq.,  of 
Brook-house,  Oswestry,  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
Hyde  John  Clarke,  R.N.,  to  Mary  Ellen,  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Worthington,  esq.,  of  Liverpool. 

At  Askham  Richard,  John  Thomas,  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  and  the  Lady  Louisa  Cator, 
of  Wentbridge-hooae,  Pontefhtet,  Tcvkfihire,  and 
Bryanston-sq.,  to  Catharina  Sarah,  eldest  dau. 
of  John  Swann,  esq.,  of  Askham-hall,  Yorkshire. 

Oct.  13.  At  HartweU,  Northamptonshira,  the 
Hon.  Col.  Maynard,  only  son  of  Yiseoont  May- 
aard,  and  brotfaer-in«law  to  the  Duke  of  Athol, 
to  Blanche  Addixa,  dau.  of  Henry  Fitz  &oy,  esq., 
of  Salcey-lawn,  and  cousin  to  the  Duke  of 
Grafton. 

Oct,  15.  At  Stillorgan,  the  Hon.  Percy  Wynd- 
faam,  M.P.,  second  son  of  the  Right  Hdu.  Lord 
Leconficld,  to  Madeline,  dau.  of  the  late  Gen. 
Sir  Guy  Campbell,  bart.,  and  granddaa.  of  Lord 
Edward  Fitzgerald. 

Oct.  16.  At  St.  George*s,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt. 
Francis  Henry  Hanmer,  H.M.'b  Bengal  Army, 
to  Mary  Anne  Catherine,  widow  of  Lieot.-Col. 
Campbell,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Gordon, 
€8q.,  of  Forres,  N.B. 

At  St.  Nicholas,  Brighton,  Capt  Chas.  Francis 
Smith,  H.M.'s  7l8t  Highland  Light  Infantry,  son 
of  the  Rev.  Hugh  Smith,  of  Stoke  d'Albome, 
Surrey,  to  Anaatasia  Haly,  eldest  dan.  of  Gen. 
Uutton,  H.M.'s  Indian  Army. 

At  Beddington,  Edward,  third  son  of  the  late 
John  Courage,  esq.,  of  Dulwich,  to  Helen  Rosa, 
eldest  dau.  of  George  Marshall,  esq.,  of  Wood- 
cote,  Surrey. 

Oct.  17.  At  Thorpe  Arnold,  Mr.  R.  Westmore- 
land, of  Standard-hill,  Nottingham,  to  Sarah 
Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  Eaton,  esq.,  M.D.,  of 
Stamford. 

At  Grantham,  Charles  John  Bnllivant  Parker, 


Capt.,  Royal  South  Lincolnshire  MiUtia,  to  Mar- 
tha, only  dau.  of  John  Hardy,  esq.,  banker. 

At  St.  Saviour's,  Maida-hill,  Aldborough  Hen- 
niker,  esq.,  barrister-at-law,  eldest  son  of  Ald- 
borough Hcnniker,  of  Calcott,  Somersetshire,  to 
Phebe  Anne,  widow  of  Thomas  Henry  Win  wood, 
esq.,  formerly  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Cardigan. 

At  Aspley,  Bedfordshire,  Julius  H  Thompson, 
esq.,  of  Enfield,  to  Mary  Christina,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Mahon,  of  the  Mount,  Aspley, 
late  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  and 
Garrison  Chaplain,  Fort  St.  George,  Madras. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt.  Mansfield, 
P.W.O.  Donegal  Militia,  eldest  son  of  Francis 
Mansfield,  esq.,  of  Ardrummon-honse,  oo.  Done- 
gal, to  Anna  PhiUppa,  ^eet  dau.  of  George 
Simon  Harcourt,  esq.,  of  Anker wyoke,  Bucks, 
and  late  M.P.  for  that  county. 

At  Radway,  Warwickshire,  the  Rev.  George 
Miller,  Vicar  of  Radway,  to  Georgiana  Sibella, 
eldest  dau.  of  Iieut.-CoL  MiUer,  C.B.,  of  Radway- 
grange. 

Oct.  18.  At  Burlingham  Saint  Edmund,  John 
Daymond  Ellis,  architect,  Norwich,  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  J.  D.  Ellis,  of  Entally,  Calcutta,  to 
Maria,  dau.  of  Thomas  T.  Read,  esq.,  of  Soutk 
Burlingham,  Norfolk. 

At  Didlington-pk.,  Norfolk,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Lawrence,  of  ToUeshunt  Knights  Rectory,  Es- 
sex, to  Florence  Mary,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  Wm.  George  T.  Tyson  Amhurst,  of  Didling- 
ton-patk. 

Oct.  19.  At  the  Cathedral,  Manchester,  John 
Griffiths  Beavan,  esq.,  of  Sevenkan^ton-house, 
Gloucestershire,  to  Emily,  second  dau.  of  John 
Davis,  esq.,  Capt.  Dorset  Regt  of  Mflitia. 

OcL  20.  At  St.  John's,  Lee,  Lieut.-CoL  Frederic 
Green  Wilkmson,  42nd  Royal  Highlanders,  to 
Annie,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Cuthbert,  esq.,  of 
Beaufront,  Northumberland. 

At  Inchmarlo,  Kincardineshire,  Francis  Boyd 
Outram,  esq.,  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  only 
son  of  Lieut.-GeiL  Sir  James  Outram,  hart., 
G.C.B.,  to  Jane  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Patrick 
IHTridson,  esq.,  of  Inchmarlo. 

Oct.  23.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  W.  H. 
Bradley,  esq.,  H.M.'s  Hyderabad  Irregular 
Cavalry,  to  Lucy,  eldrst  dau.  of  Horatio  Vachell, 
esq.,  and  widow  of  Henry  Pearson,  esq.,  barris- 
tor-at-law. 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX, 


8v 


550 


[Not. 


#l)tttiare. 


[Eelativea  or  Friends  supplying  Memoirs  are  requested  to  append  their  AddreneSy  in 
order  that  a  Copy  of  Hie  Gentleman's  Maoazins  containiny  their  Communteatiamt 
may  be  forwarded  to  them."] 


H.R.H.  THE  DucHEsa  Dowageb  op  Saxb 

COBUBO  GOTHA. 

Sept.  24.  At  Gotha,  aged  61,  the 
Duchess  Maria,  widow  of  Duke  Ernest 
of  Saxo  Coburg  (lotha,  and  stepmother 
of  H.ll.H.  the  IMnee  Consort,  alter  an 
illness  of  considerable  duration. 

Her  late  Royal  Highness,  who,  since  the 
decease  of  her  husband  in  January,  IS-H, 
had  led  a  retired  life,  was  the  eldest 
daughter  of  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
Alexander  Frederick  Charles  of  Wurtem- 
burg  and  the  Duchess  Antoinette  of  Saze 
Sualfeld  Coburg.  She  was  born  Sept.  17, 
17U9,  and  married,  Dec  23, 1832,  the  late 
Duke  Ernest  of  Saxe  Coburg  Gotha,  father 
of  the  reigning  Grand  Duke  and  the  Prince 
Consort  of  her  Majesty,  but  left  no  issue 
by  that  prince.  The  courts  of  Wurtem- 
burg,  Belgium,  and  Portugal  are  placed 
in  mourning  by  the  event,  us  well  as  our 
own  royal  family  and  the  ex-royal  family 
of  France,  the  elder  brother  (the  Duke 
Alexander)  of  the  late  duchess  having 
married  the  Princess  Marie,  daughter  of 
the  late  King  Louis  Philippe. 


The  Earl  of  Leven  and  Mislville. 

Oct,  8.  At  Melville -house,  Fifeshire, 
aged  75,  David  Lfslie-Melville,  10th  Earl 
of  Leven  and  Melville. 

His  Lonlship,  who  was  born  June  22, 
1785,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Alexander,  the 
9th  earl,  by  June,  the  daughter  of  John 
Thornton,  V!,u\.,  of  Clapham.  He  entered 
the  Royal  Navy,  and  while  attached  to 
the  "  Ville  de  Paris,"  bearing  the  flag  of 
Lord  CollinRWood,  was  mentioned  for  Iiis 
heroic  conduct  in  the  destruction  of  the 
French  vessels  in  the  Ray  of  Hosas  on  the 
night  of  the  31st  October,   1809,   after 


a  desperate  straggle,  in  which  he  was 
wounded.  He  was  awarded  a  seoond  pro- 
motion  in  September,  1809,  and  advanced 
to  rank  of  Rear-Admiral  in  18-16.  He 
succeeded  to  the  earldom  in  1820,  and  in 
1821  married  Elizabeth-Jane,  daughter  of 
Sir  Archibald  Campbell  of  Snocoth,  Bart., 
who,  with  her  four  daughters — I^ady 
Elizabeth  Cartwright,  and  the  Ladies 
Anna,  Susan,  and  Emily  Leslie-  Melville — 
survive  him. 

The  Earl  had  also  two  eons^  bat  both  are 
dead:  the  Hon.  David  Archibald,  bom 
Jan.  11,  1836,  died  Oct.  20,  1853;  and 
Alexander,  Viscount  Balgonie,  an  officer  of 
the  Grenadier  Guards,  (bom  Nov.  19, 
1831,)  died  Aug.  29,  1857,  from  an  iUncM 
contracted  in  the  Crimean  campaign.  By 
the  failure  of  male-heirs,  the  titles  pan  to 
the  Hon.  J<ihn  Thornton  Leslie-Melville, 
the  late  EarPs  brother,  hitherto  a  leading 
partner  in  the  eminent  London  banking- 
house  of  Williams,  Deacon,  and  Co. ;  and 
it  is  understood  that  the  estates  go  by 
entail  to  the  late  lord's  eldest  daughter. 
Lady  Elizabeth,  who  married,  in  1856, 
Thomas  Robert  Brooke  Cartwright,  Esq., 
of  Aynho,  Northamptonshire. 

A  local  newspaper  ("  The  Fifeshire  Joor- 
nal")  speaks  thns  of  the  deceased  noUe- 
man: — 

'*  He  was  a  representative  member  of 
the  House  of  LodU  for  manj  years;  and 
though  he  regularly  spent  a  portion  of 
each  year  in  London  attending  to  hb  legis* 
lative  duties,  in  which  he  took  an  active 
interest,  enpecially  such  of  them  as  related 
to  Scotland,  his  delight  was  to  be  at  home 
dispensing  the  hospitalities  of  the  fiunily 
mansion,  and  promoting  the  improvement 
of  his  estates,  and  the  comfort  and  well- 
being  of  those  upon  them. 

**  In  all  matters  of  paUie  interart  be 


1560.]        Obituary. — TJie  Earl  of  Leven  and  Melville.  551 


was  among  the  foremost.  He  took  tbe 
lead,  as  we  have  said,  in  cottage  improve- 
ments for  the  lal)ouring  claj«ses.  He  took 
a  deep  interest  in  the  formation  of  the 
Fife  Railway,  of  which  lie  was  the  first 
chairman,  and  with  his  relative,  Mr,  Bal- 
four of  Balbimie,  almost  the  only  consider- 
able holder  of  stock  in  the  county.  To 
every  other  public  object  of  general  utility 
he  gave  a  liberal  and  hearty  support,  and 
the  lat»'st — the  Volunteer  movement — 
has  also  had  his  cordial  sympathies  and 
liberal  contributions.  The  active  interest 
he  took  in  the  welfare  of  the  labourer 
seemed  even  to  increase  with  his  failing 
strength.  He  was  always  providing  em- 
ployment for  them,  and  otherwise  contri- 
butintr  to  enable  the  aged  to  have  comfort 
in  their  declining  years ;  and  it  is  a  subject 
of  the  deepest  regret  that  his  valuable  life 
has  been  so  unexpectedly  terminated  at 
a  time  when  he  was  busily  engaged  in 
a  well-formed  and  exten^ve  plan  for  the 
erection  of  additional  buildings,  especially 
of  new  cottages,  where  he  considered  them 
retjuired.  He  will  be  very  sincerely  la- 
mented by  the  many  poor  who  were  the 
recipients  of  his  well-directed  and  unob- 
trusive charities.  By  private  contribu- 
tions, and  a  judicious  exercise  of  his  office 
as  trustee  of  the  Bell  bequest,  he  has  lent 
a  mo^t  beneficial  influence  to  the  cause  of 
education. 

"His  Lordship  was  throughout  a  con- 
sistent C«jnservative  in  politics,  support- 
ing the  Duke  of  Wellington  and  Sir 
Robert  Peel,  until  Sir  Robert  betrayed  his 
party,  when  his  Lordship's  votes  went 
with  Lord  Derby,  whoee  leiulcrship  he  sub- 
secpiently  followed. 

"  Few  have  done  more  for  their  tenants 
than  the  house  of  Leven  and  Melville, 
always  among  the  first  to  introduce  agri- 
cultural improvements  and  encourage  good 
fanning ;  the  steadings  and  cottages  on  the 
estates  have  long  been  models  of  excellence. 
No  attempt  was  ever  made  at  rack-renting, 
on  the  contrarv,  'live  and  let  live'  was 
the  motto ;  and  it  was  the  boast  of  some 
of  the  tenants  that  the  ^  and  their  fathers 
had  possessed  their  farms  for  close  upon 
three  centuries. 

"  The  late  Earl  was  not  behind  any  of 
his  predecessors  in  kind  consideration  for 
his  tenants.  He  had  his  own  way — as  who 
h:i8  not ;  but  for  genuine  kindhearted  in- 
terest in  the  prosperity  and  well-being  of 
all  on  the  estates — tenants  and  workers — 
his  Lordship  was  one  in  a  thousand ;  and 
not  less  honourably  distinguished  in  his 
ctibrts  for  the  welfare  of  the  people  within 
the  reach  of  his  influence,  than  were  the 
houses  of  which  he  was  the  worthy  re- 


presentative in  the  annals  of  their  coun- 
try's struggles  for  liberty  and  peace." 


Sib  John  Edward  Swinburne,  Bart. 

Sept.  26.  At  Capheaton,  Nortl^umber- 
land,  aged  98,  Sir  John  Edward  Swin- 
burne, Bart.,  F.R.S.L.,  F.A.SS.  of  London 
and  Perth,  and  President  of  the  Society  of 
Ant  iquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  &c. 

The  deceased  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir 
Edward  Swinburne,  the  fifth  baronet,  who 
died  at  Capheaton  in  1786.  His  mother 
was  Christiana,  daughter  of  Robert  Dillon, 
Esq.,  by  Martha,  daughter  of  William,  son 
of  Sir  George  Newland,  Knt.  He  was 
born  March  6, 1762,  and  on  July  13, 1787, 
he  married  Emilia  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Richard  Henry  Alexander  Bennet,  Esq., 
of  Beckenham,  Kent,  and  niece  to  Hugh, 
second  Duke  of  Northumberland.  By  this 
lady  he  had  two  sons  and  five  daughters. 
The  eldest  son,  Edward  Swinburne,  Esq., 
was  bom  June  24,  1788;  and  December 
13,  1819,  he  married  Anne,  daughter  of 
Richard  Nassau  Sutton,  a  culonel  in  the 
army,  and  uncle  to  Sir  Richard  Sutton, 
by  whom  he  had  three  sous  and  scver.d 
daughters;  but  his  eldest  son  Henry,  an 
engineer,  dying  in  his  life-time,  and  he 
himself  having  departed  this  life  in  1855, 
his  second  son,  John,  Lieutenant  R.N.,  a 
young  man  of  much  promise  and  ability, 
succeeds  to  the  title  and  estates  of  his 
grandfather.  The  other  son  of  the  late 
baronet,  Charles  Henry  Swinburne,  Rear- 
Admiral,  R.N.,  married  in  1836  Lady 
Jane  Henrietta  Ashbumham,  sister  to  the 
Earl  of  Ashburnham,  and  has  issue. 

In  early  life  Sir  John  Edward  Swin- 
burne became  widely  known  from  the 
general  urbanity  of  his  manners  and  the 
interest  he  took  in  the  advancement  of 
science  and  literature.  In  1798  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  Literary  and  Phi- 
losophical Society  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
which  office  he  retained  for  thirty-nine 
years,  retiring  in  1837.  He  represented 
Launceston  in  Parliament  daring  1788 
and  1789.  At  the  close  of  the  last  cen- 
tury he  was  appointed  High  Sheriff  of 
Northumberland.  When  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  was 


552 


Obituary, — Sir  John  Edw.  Swinburne,  Sort.         [Not. 


established  in  1813,  he  was  chosen  Pre- 
sident, and  every  sacceeding  year  he  was 
elected  to  the  same  honourable  office,  which 
he  retained  till  the  period  of  his  decease. 
He  became  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  Literature,  and  continued  for  many 
years  to  be  a  generous  supporter  of  that 
institution.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Antiquarian  Societies  of  London  and 
Perth,  and  about  1817  we  observe  him 
Provincial  Grand  Master  of  the  North- 
umberland Masonic  Festival.  Also,  about 
thirty  years  ago,  he  was  President  of  the 
Artists'  Benevolent  Fund.  Indeed,  from 
the  period  of  his  manhood  to  declining 
age,  he  was  especially  honoured  and  es- 
teemed by  all  in  the  north  of  England 
who  endeavoured,  by  education  and  other 
liberal  studies,  to  promote  the  welfare  of 
society. 

In  the  circle  of  his  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances, and  amid  the  more  quiet  haunts  of 
domestic  life,  the  late  baronet  was  highly 
appreciated.  By  all  he  was  regarded  as 
a  genuine  specimen  of  the  kindly,  frank, 
good-hearted  "  old  English  gentleman." 
For  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  he  partly 
kept  aloof  from  public  business,  and  while 
residing  at  Capheaton  during  the  summer 
season,  he  was  frequently  to  be  seen  in 
his  boat  on  the  lake  in  front  of  the  village ; 
at  other  times  he  spent  many  an  hour  in 
his  library,  one  of  the  best  and  most  ex- 
tensive in  Northumberland.  Beloved  by 
his  tenantry  for  his  cordial  consideration 
of  their  interests,  he  lived  to  see  about 
one  hundred  and  forty-seven  rent-days — 
a  large  number  when  we  take  into  account 
the  uncertain  duration  of  human  life.  De- 
serving men  with  whom  he  mingled  gene- 
rally found  him  a  faithful  and  devoted 
friend.  On  this  point  posterity  will  do 
him  justice  for  the  sympathy  and  un- 
atTected  liberality  he  evinced  towards  the 
Kcv.  John  Hodgson,  when  that  remark- 
able man  was  writing  and  publishing  the 
several  volumes  of  his  History  of  North- 
umberland. From  the  prefaces  therein, 
and  from  the  memoir  of  the  historian 
drawn  up  by  the  worthy  Dr.  Raine,  they 
who  come  after  us  will  learn  how  Mr. 
Hodgson  was  befriended  and  encouraged 
in  his  arduous  task  by  the  unostentatious 


kindness  of  the  deceased  baronet  **  For 
six  centuries,"  says  the  able  biogmpber 
above-mentioned,  "the  name  of  Swin- 
burne has  been  dosely  oonnected  with 
the  county  of  Northumberland,  and  what* 
ever  be  its  fate,  it  will  g^  down  to  pos- 
terity in  intimate  association  with  one  of 
the  best  county  Histories  of  which  the 
kingdom  can  boast,  and  of  which  it  has 
been  the  most  especial  patron." 

In  person  Sir  John  Edward  Swinbnme 
was  of  middle  size,  handsome,  and,  even 
when  advanced  in  years,  had  a  fine,  treA 
complexion.  The  excellent  portrait  of  him 
by  Philips  in  the  large  room  of  the  Litemy 
and  Philosophical  Society  of  XewcMtle- 
upon-Tyne,  executed  about  thirty  jean 
ago^  represents  him  seated  near  a  writing- 
table,  attired  in  a  dark  g^een  ooat  with 
metal  buttons,  a  light-o^onred  waistooat 
and  drab  trowsers.  A  narrow  black  ribhoD 
IS  drawn  across  the  head  to  support  a  shade 
over  his  right  eye,  which  was  i^jared  by  an 
accident  when  he  was  shooting.  The  ex- 
pression in  this  admirable  painting  telle 
very  forcibly  the  character  of  the  man. 
hiB  death  at  last  was  rather  nnexpeeted. 
He  was  buried  in  the  family  vanlt  at 
his  parish  church,  Kirkwhelptng(on«  oo 
Tuesday,  October  2nd. 

We  may  observe  that  a  considerable 
amount  of  genius  and  talent  fbr  several 
generations  has  existed  in  the  Swinbnme 
fi&mily.  Henry,  unde  to  the  Ute  Sir  John, 
bom  July  8, 1743,  besides  behig  an  "  ac- 
complished scholar  and  gentleman,"  was 
the  celebrated  traveller  in  Spain  and  the 
two  Sicihes,  and  his  travels  in  these  pro- 
vinces were  published  in  London  betwet-n 
1770  and  1780.  Edward  Swinb«m«,  Esq.» 
brother  to  the  late  baronet,  bom  Sep- 
tember 3, 1765,  possessed  good  taste  and 
much  ability  in  the  fine  arts^  fer  he  exe- 
cuted a  gpreat  many  beaniiftil  drawings  from 
places  and  scenery  in  Northnmberland, 
whence  the  greater  portloo  of  the  engrav- 
ings were  taken  which  emhelliah  Hodgson's 
elaborate  history.  Edward,  the  kts  Sir 
John's  eldest  son,  Ikr  outstripped  his  oon- 
temporaries  in  a  general  knowledge  of 
the  practical  arts  of  life;  and  so  nbo  doss 
his  sorviring  brother,  Charles  Heuy, 
the  Rear-Admiral,  who  is  a  genllanum  of 


I860.]   Lieut.' Gen.  Sir  H.  G.  W.  Smith,  Bart.,  and  G.C.B.    568 


BOTind  judgment  and  very  extensive  in- 
formation. 


LiBTTT.-GsN.  Sib  Habbt  G.  W.  Smith, 
Babt.,  and  G.C.B. 

Oct.  12.  In  Eaton-place  West,  aged 
71,  Lient.-Gen.  Sir  Harry  George  Wake- 
lyn  Smith,  G.C.B.,  Colonel  of  the  Ist 
Battalion  Rifle  Brigade. 

The  deceased  was  bom  in  1788,  at  Whit- 
tlesea,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  where  his  fiither 
was  a  surgeon.  The  future  general  en- 
tered the  army  in  1805  as  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Rifle  Brignde,  and  took  part 
in  the  storming  of  Montevideo^  and  in  the 
attack  on  Buenos  Ayres.  He  was  also 
present  at  the  C4pture  of  Copenhagen. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  leading  en- 
gagements of  the  Peninsular  war,  from 
the  battle  of  Yimiera  down  to  the  em- 
barkation of  the  troops  at  Coronna.  In 
1809  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  action 
on  the  Coa,  near  Almeida,  where  he  was 
severely  woundfid.  In  command  of  a  bri- 
gade of  the  Light  Division,  he  was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Fuentes  d'Onor,  and  at 
the  sieges  and  storming  of  Ciudad  Bodrigo 
and  Badajoz,  the  battles  of  Salamanca, 
Vittoria,  Orthes,  and  Toulouse,  and  in 
several  lesser  engagements,  and,  in  fbet^ 
iu  every  important  battle  throughout  the 
war,  with  the  exception  of  Talavera.  At 
the  capture  of  Washington,  uuder  Gkineral 
lioes,  he  was  Assistant  Aiyutant-G^.,  and 
was  honoured  for  his  conduct  on  that  oc- 
casion by  being  i^pointed  to  bear  the 
despatches  to  England.  His  next  battle- 
field was  New  Orleans,  whither  be  pro- 
ceeded as  military  secretary  under  Gene- 
ral Sir  Edmrard  Pakenbam,  who  fell  in 
his  arms  mortally  wounded.  Under  Sir 
John  Lambert  he  took  part  in  the  siege 
and  capture  of  Fort  BoMryer.  He  acted 
as  Assistant  Quartermaster- General  to  the 
sixth  division  of  the  army  at  Waterloo, 
and  was  made  a  C.B.  He  next  served  as 
Deputy  Adjutant-General,  successively  at 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  the  West 
Indies,  whence  he  was  transferred  in  1827 
to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  com- 
manded a  division  under  the  late  Sir  B. 


D'Urban,  throughout  the  Kaffir  war  in 
1834^  and  in  1839  he  was  appointed  Ad- 
jutant-General in  India,  and  was  present 
at  the  battles  of  Gwalior  and  Mahanjpore^ 
for  bis  gallantry  in  which  acUon  he  was 
made  a  K.C.B.  He  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  wars  against  the  Sikhs  in  the  Pun- 
jab, and  was  in  command  of  a  divinon  at 
Moodkee  and  at  Ferozepore.  A  few  days 
later  the  Sikh  forces  crossed  the  river 
Sutlej,  and  took  up  thdr  position  at  Ali« 
wal.  Lord  Gough  immediately  despatched 
Sir  HHrry  Smith,  with  7,000  men  and  24 
guns.  On  the  28th  of  January,  1846,  Sir 
Harry  Smith  led  the  nuun  charge  in  the 
battle  of  Aliwal,  carrying  that  village  at 
the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  capturing 
all  the  enemy's  guns,  to  the  number  of 
sixty -seven ;  a  success  which  enabled  him 
to  come  to  the  assistance  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and  t«>  join  in  the  final 
and  crowning  victory  of  Sobraon,  (Feb. 
10th,)  which  crushed  the  last  hopes  of  the 
Sikh  leaders  and  their  troops,  and  secured 
the  poesesnon  of  the  Puigab  to  the  British. 
For  these  services  he  received  the  special 
thanks  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Lord 
Gough,  the  two  Houses  of  Parliament* 
and  the  East  India  Company,  and  the 
freedom  of  the  city  of  London,  was  made 
a  Baronet  and  G.C.B.,  and  wm  soon  after- 
wards appdnted  to  the  colonelcy  of  the 
Bifle  Brigade.  In  September,  1847.  he 
was  nominated  to  the  Govemonhip  of  the 
Cape,  and  as  Commander-in-Chief  there 
he  attacked  and  defeated  the  rebel  Boert 
at  Boem  Plaats,  August  29, 1848;  but  in 
1851,  while  the  Kaffir  war  was  ragiug,  he 
was  superseded  in  that  difficult  post,  in  a 
manner  that  did  not  add  to  the  popularity 
of  the  Colonirtl  Minister,  and  returned  to 
EngUmd.  In  1854  Sir  Harry  Smith  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieut.-gen.,  and 
appointed  to  the  command  of  the  Northern 
and  Midland  districts.  Sir  Harry  had  re- 
ceived the  war-medal  and  twelve  dasps. 
The  late  Baronet  married,  in  ISli^  a 
Spanish  lady,  the  Donna  Juana  Maria  de 
los  Dolores  de  Leon,  by  whom,  however, 
he  had  no  issoe;  and,  aooordingly,  the 
baronet^  beoomes  extinct  by  his  death. 


554. 


Obituary. — G,  A.  Legh  Keck,  Esq. 


[Nov. 


SiE  Andrew  Mustoxtdi. 

July  30.  At  Corfii,  Sir  Andrew  Mus- 
toxidi,  Archon  of  Public  IiiBtruction  in 
the  loDian  Islands. 

As  far  back  as  the  occupation  of  tho 
Ionian  Islands  by  the  French,  under  the 
ministry  of  the  Duke  de  Feltre,  the  Che- 
valier Mustoxidi  was  named  Historio- 
grapher to  the  Government;  and  subse- 
quently, under  the  existing  Protectorate 
of  England,  he  rose  to  the  highest  posts  in 
the  State,  having  been  successively  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  its  Presi- 
dent, and  President  of  the  Municipality 
of  Corfu,  Minister  of  Public  Instruction 
in  the  Ionian  Islands,  and  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Corfu.  But  though 
holding  these  high  posts,  lie  did  not  scruple 
to  evince  an  intensely  Hellenic  feeling, 
which  brought  him  into  frequent  collision 
with  the  late  stern  Governor  of  the 
Ionian  Islands,  Sir  H.  G.  Ward.  Mus- 
toxidi,  however,  was  much  too  skilful  to 
involve  himself  in  any  of  tho  desperate 
enterprises  of  the  party,  and  lived  to  see 
his  great  rival  removed.  He  was  the  au- 
thor of  several  works,  which  mostly  treat 
of  the  history  of  tho  Lower  Kmpire,  and 
are  in  high  repute  in  the  south  of  Europe, 
though  but  little  known  in  England ;  they 
are  suid  to  represent  both  men  and  events 
with  nmch  of  the  brilliancy  of  Ijord 
Macanlny,  and  with  at  least  equal  parti- 
sanship. His  countrymen,  however,  were 
very  proud  of  him;  and  by  a  decree  of 
the  Senate  a  public  funeral  was  accorded, 
which  was  most  numerously  attended,  and 
was  evidently  designed  to  shew  the  great 
esteem  felt  for  him  by  the  whole  com- 
munity, without  distinction  of  rank, — an 
aflectionate  reverence,  indeed,  which  ex- 
teniied  also  to  Italy,  for  tliere,  too,  was 
Mustoxidi  known,  there  he  had  attained 
high  acadeinical  honours,  and  had  been 
the  friend  of  Monti  and  of  Mazzoui  and 
other  eminent  literati. 


The  deceased,  born  in  1784^  at  Stongh- 
ton,  was  the  third  son  of  Anthony  Jamef 
Keck,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  the 
sister  of  Peter  Legh,  Esq.,  of  Lyme — the 
grandson  of  Anthony  Keck,  Esq.,  of  Lin« 
coin's  Inn,  by  Ann,  daughter  of  William 
Busby,  Esq.,  and  Catherine  his  wife,  bom 
a  Beaumont.  In  1797,  when  only  23,  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  Knights  of  the  shire 
for  Leicestershire,  and  this  post  he  main- 
tained until  1818,  when  he  was  ousted  by 
Mr.  Chas.  March  PhilHpps.  In  1820  he 
was  re-elected,  as  also  in  1826  and  in  1830, 
but  having  strongly  opposed  the  Reform 
Bill,  he  was,  at  the  first  election  under 
that  measure,  again  snpplanted  by  Mr. 
Phillipps.  He  then  retired  firora  public  life^ 
and  employed  himself  either  in  attending 
to  his  very  large  estates,  or  in  maintaining 
the  efficiency  of  liis  yeomanry  corps,  of 
which  he  was  lieutenant-colonel  command- 
ant from  the  year  1803  to  the  time  of  his 
death. 

Mr.  Keck  married,  in  1802,  Elizabeth, 
the  second  of  the  three  daughters  of 
Robert  Venion  Atherton,  esq.,  of  Ather- 
ton,  Lancaster.  She  died  in  1887,  leaving 
no  issue.  Mr.  Keek's  mother  beiog  the 
sister  of  Mrs.  Atherton  (his  wife's  mother), 
he  and  his  wife  were  first  cousins;  and 
both  being  grandchildren  of  Peter  Legh, 
esq.,  of  Lyme, — their  mothers  at  the  same 
time  being  co-heiresses,— there  was  a  dis- 
pute in  relation  to  the  succession  of  the 
Legh  property.  Mr.  Keck,  by  his  marriage^ 
united  his  own  and  his  wife's  chums,  and 
thus  adjusted  the  difference.  The  eldest 
sister  of  the  late  Mrs.  Keck  was  married 
to  Thomas,  the  second  Ix>rd  Lilford.  The 
large  property  of  Mr.  Keck  descends  to 
Ix}rd  Lilford  and  the  Hon.  Colonel  Powya 
(better  known  as  Mnjor  Powys),  who  ara 
the  sons  of  this  nobleman  and  lady. 


G.  A.  Legh  Keck,  Esq. 
Sept.  4.    At  his  seat,  Bank-hall,  Lanca- 
shire, aged  86,  Geo.  Anthony  Legh  Keck, 
E8<i.,  Col.  of  Prince  Albert's  Own  Regi- 
ment of  Yeomanry  Cavalry. 


Hbubebt  Inobam,  E8Q.,  M.P. 

Sept.  8.  Drowned  on  Lake  Michigan, 
aged  49,  Herbert  Ingram,  Esq.,  M.P.  for 
Boston. 

Tlie  deceased,  who  was  of  very  hamble 
origin,  was  bom  at  Boston  in  1811,  and 
received  tho  rudiments  of  education  in  the 
grammar-school  there.    He  was  appren* 


I860.] 


Obituary. — Herbert  Ingram^  Esq.,  M.P, 


555 


ticed  to  a  printer,  and  in  due  time  com- 
monccd  business  on  bis  own  account.  He 
was  active  and  energetic,  and  met  with 
good  succes",  but  the  position  of  a  thriving 
country  printer  did  not  satisfy  him,  and 
coming  to  London,  he  started  the  *'  Illus- 
truted  London  News,"  by  the  successfril 
munagemeut  of  which  he  acquired  a  Lirge 
fortuue.  In  1856  he  was  elected  Member 
for  Boston,  and  greatly  exerted  himself  to 
benefit  the  place ;  its  connexion  with  other 
towns  by  railway,  the  improved  gas  and 
water  supply,  and  many  other  advantages 
that  it  now  enjoys,  are  justly  to  be  as- 
cribed to  bis  industry  and  influence. 

Mr.  Ingram  left  England  in  August 
last,  accompanied  by  an  artist  to  depict 
the  cliicf  events  and  scenes  of  the  tour  of 
the  Prinre  of  Wales  in  Canada  and  the 
United  States.  They  followed  the  Prince 
to  Montreal,  but  there  Mr.  Ingram  sepa- 
rated from  his  companion,  and  proceeded 
to  Chicago,  expressing  a  wish  to  be  more 
quiet.  On  Friday,  the  7th  of  September, 
he  embarked  on  board  the  steamer  **  Lady 
Elgin,"  which  was  proceeding  on  au  ex- 
cursion up  Lakes  Michigan  and  Superior. 
There  were  at  least  400  passengers,  and 
the  vessel  started  that  evening.  Music 
and  dancing  were,  as  usual  on  these  trips, 
kept  up  all  the  night,  when  early  on 
Saturday  morning  the  crash  of  a  col- 
lision startled  all  on  board.  The  schooner 
"  Augusta,"  running  at  the  rate  of  eleven 
miles  per  hour,  came  in  contact  with  the 
"  Lady  Elgin,"  producing  such  a  fracture 
in  her  thut  she  drifted  helplessly  for  half 
an  hour  in  the  darkness,  and  then  sank 
in  three  hundreil  feet  of  water,  when  some 
thirty -five  miles  from  Chicaga 

A  passenger  who  was  savtd  says, — 

"  The  steamer  had  on  board  from  160 
to  180  head  of  cattle.  The  captain  or- 
dertHl  the  cattle  to  be  thrown  overboard, 
and  they  were  thrown  over  by  the  crew. 
The  first  and  second  mates  went  in  the 
lifeboat  to  stop  the  leak.  They  found  the 
hole  so  low  that  they  could  not  get  at  it. 
The  steamer  was  listed  over,  bat  they 
could  not  get  at  the  leak.  The  captain 
ordered  all  the  passengers  to  get  life-pre- 
servers. I  think  most  of  them  did.  Ho 
then  ordered  the  crew  to  take  axes  and 
break  open  the  stute-room  doors,  so  that 
none  should  be  lelt  in  them.    I   think 


nearly  every  passenger  got  out,  althou^ 
1  pulled  one  out  as  we  floated  by  the  state- 
room. A  short  time  alter  this  the  engine 
fell  through  the  bottom  of  the  vessel, 
I  should  think  fifteen  minutes  after  the 
schooner  struck ;  the  hull  went  down  im- 
mediately, leiving  the  hurricane  deck 
floating.  A  great  portion  of  the  passen- 
gers were  on  the  hurricane  deck  when  the 
hull  went  down ;  the  most  of  them  jumped 
off  very  soon,  thinking  that  would  sink. 
The  hurricane  deck  soon  separated  into 
five  pieces.  There  were  twenty-flve  on 
the  part  on  which  I  was.  The  captain 
was  on  this.  There  were  some  military 
from  Milwaukee,  aud  six  or  seven  ladies. 
The  other  four  pieces  went  off  with  a  num- 
ber on  each.  We  held  up  cabin-doors  for 
sails,  and  came  down  smoothly  as  far  as 
Winetka.  When  within  a  few  rods  of  the 
shore,  the  raft  capsized.  Some  of  us  got 
back  on  her,  among  them  the  captain  and 
myself.  The  captain  got  one  of  the  ladies 
back.  A  big  sea  came  and  washed  us  off 
The  captain  was  the  last  man  on  her.  I 
heard  him  cheering  the  passengers.  An- 
other sea  came,  washed  him  o%  and  he 
was  drowned.  Of  the  twenty- five  who 
were  on  her  only  eight  were  saved.' 


» 


Mr.  Ingram  was  among  those  who 
perished,  but  his  body  was  washed  on 
shore,  and  having  been  identified  by  his 
artist  it  was  forwarded  to  England  for 
interment.  So  highly  have  his  services  to 
Boston  been  appreciated,  that  a  pnbUo 
funeral  was  bestowed  on  his  remains^  and 
a  monument  to  his  memcnry  is  contem- 
plated. He  has  left  a  widow  and  three 
children. 

Like  many  men  who  have  been  the 
architects  of  their  own  fortunes,  the  clia- 
racter  of  Mr.  Ingram  has  been  very  vari- 
ously represented.  In  the  obituary  notice 
in  the  "  Hlustratod  News"  he  is,  as  might 
be  expected,  spoken  of  in  very  high  teram. 
The  writer  says  that  he  was  "a  worthy 
and  excellent  man,  a  kmd  husband,  an 
indulg^t  parent,  a  fidthfU  friend,  and  a 
good  citizen."  His  manner,  however,  was 
undeniably  coarse  and  repulsive,  and  in 
another  notice  it  is  stated  that  "fais 
9peeiaUt6  was  in  making  enemies  and 
alienating  friends.  He  quarrelled  with 
his  editor,  with  his  sub-editors,  with  bis 
artists,  with  his  oontribntors.  One  by 
one  ho  disgusted  and  drove  them  away. 
His  temper  was  capridons,  and  utterly 


556 


Obituary. — Bev.  T,  B.  Murray^  M.A. 


[Nov. 


epoiled  by  success.  The  '  Illustrated  Lon- 
don News'  reached  the  acme  of  its  in- 
fluence, if  not  of  its  circulation,  shortly 
after  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
when  one  or  two  of  its  shilling  numbers 
reached  the  circulation  of  a  quarter  of  a 
million  copies.  From  this  time  one  con- 
tributor after  another  was  detached,  and 
the  literary  merit  of  the  periodical  de- 
clined. The  public  are  slow  to  perceive 
the  gradual  deterioration  of  a  successful 
journal,  but  at  length  the  declension  of 
the  *  Illustrated  News'  forced  itself  upon 
public  notice." 

The  "  Lady's  Newspaper"  and  the  "  Il- 
lustrated Times"  were  also  the  property 
of  the  deceased,  but  it  is  alleged  that  he 
ever  regarded  them  as  rivals  to  his  own 
child,  the  "Illustrated  News."  "One  of 
his  peculiarities  was  a  jealousy  of  the  suc- 
cess of  the  *  Illustrated  Times,'  even  after 
it  had  become  his  own  property.  He  kept 
it  down  as  much  as  he  possibly  conld,  from 
a  fear  lest  its  success  might  injure  the  cir- 
culation of  the  '  Illustrated  News ;' "  and 
he  is  said  to  have  acted  in  the  same  way 
by  the  "  Pictorial  Times,"  which  he  pur- 
chased some  years  ago  of  its  projectors,  and 
suiiered  to  die. 

A  man  with  so  much  employment  to 
dispense  could  hardly  be  expected  not  to 
be  surrounded  by  a  host  of  admirers.  It 
is  known  that  he  had  serious  differences 
with  Mr.  Timbs  and  Dr.  Mackay,  but  in 
general  he  was  liked  by  those  he  em- 
ployed. Some  among  the  number  ex- 
pressed their  admiration  rather  too  fer- 
vently, but  Mr.  Ingram  was  shrewd  enough 
to  perceive  the  real  value  of  their  homage) 
and  did  not  hesitate  to  declare,  in  un- 
polislied  phrase,  that  such  men  cared  not 
for  him,  but  for  his  "  blunt" 


Ret.  T.  B.  Mubsay,  M.A. 

S^t.  24.  In  Brunswick-square,  aged  61, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Boyles  Murray,  MJl., 
Incumbent  of  the  parish  of  St.  Donstan's- 
in-the-East,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  and 
Senior  Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Pro- 
moting Christian  Knowledge. 

Mr.  Murray  was  descended  of  a  philan- 
thropic line  well  known  in  their  day,  and 
13 


doing  good  service  to  the  poblic  by  tbeir 
prominence  in  works  of  Christian  zeal  and 
charity.  Hisg^randfkther,  Dr.  John  Murray, 
a  leading  physician  in  Norfolk,  a  man  of 
character  and  high  aocompUahmenta,  was 
one  of  the  first  promoters  of  the  Norfolk 
and  Norwich  Hospital,  and  snbseqiiently 
was  the  founder  of  an  institution  in  Nor- 
wich entitled  "  The  Society  of  Universal 
Goodwill,"  which  contained  the  germ  of 
the  "  Society  of  Friends  of  Formgners  in 
Distress ;"  an  institution  which  now  reck- 
ons no  fewer  than  fourteen  crowned  heads 
among  its  supporters.  His  son  Charles^ 
the  father  of  the  deceased,  was  edncated 
under  Dr.  Parr,  and  adopting  the  profes- 
mon  of  a  solidtor,  still  gave  his  leisure  to 
the  same  philanthropic  otgects.  His  long 
and  useful  life  was  brought  to  a  dose  in 
March,  1847,  at  the  age  of  79. 

Thomas  Boyles  Murray,  the  third  sur- 
viving son  of  this  gentleman,  was  educated 
at  Merchant  Taylors'  School*  and  took 
his  deg^ree  of  MjL  at  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge.  His  first  curacy  was  at  Star- 
cross,  Devon :  and  he  afterwards  becaoM 
Curate  at  St.  Olave's,  Hart-street^  London. 
In  1838  he  was  presented  by  the  late 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  the  living  of 
St.  Dunstan's-in-the-East,  valued  in  the 
Clergy  List  at  £850  per  annum.  He  was 
subsequently  app<nnted  to  a  prebendal 
stall  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral* — an  honour 
wholly  without  emolument;  and  was  also 
Chaplain  to  the  Countess  of  Bothcs. 

In  1832  he  became  Secretary  to  the 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge ;  and  he  remained  in  that  post  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  a  period  of  no  le« 
than  twenty-ttght  years.  This  appoint- 
ment, in  the  discharge  of  which  he  dis- 
playedall  the  qualities  essential  toiti  duties, 
is  alone  equivalent  to  adiaracter  Ibr  manly 
intelligence^  prudential  eondnot^  and  ac- 
tive ability,  uid  it  is  a  snlgect  for  sorprise 
that  those  authorities  in  whose  hands 
ecclesiastical  patronage  is  vested  omitted 
to  mark  their  sense  of  his  merit  and  his 
services  to  the  Church  l^  the  bestowal 
of  some  more  adequate  pnienofmt  than 
the  small  benefice  of  St.  Dunstuipln-the- 
East. 

His  oorrespondeDoe  with  Iwding  men 


I860.] 


Obituary. — Dr.  Stephen  Elvey. 


557 


throughout  the  kingdom,  and  with  the 
clergy  at  home  and  ahroad,  involved  as 
he   was  in  important  transactions  every 
day,  was  a  demand  which  could  only  be 
answered  by  a  man  of  first-rate  ability  j 
but   he  sometimes  advanced  beyond  the 
stricfc    duties    of  office  in  philanthropic 
authorship.     The  state  of  that  extraordi- 
nary colony  founded  in  Pitcaim's  Island 
by  the  mutineers  of  the   "Bounty,"  at- 
tracted his  attention  in  the  course  of  official 
correspondence,  and  he  produced  a  narra- 
tive of  the  little  settlement,  one  of  the 
most  natural,  graphic,  and  characteristic 
works  of  the  day.     As  a  fellow  of  the 
Antiquarian  Society,  he  naturally  devoted 
some  of  his  labours  to  the  illustration  of 
his  own  parish,   and  he  published  very 
recently   a  strikingly    vigorous    and    in- 
telligent account  of  the  church   of  St. 
Dunstan,   containing   all  the   history   in 
connection  with  the  parish,  and  memoirs  of 
its  leading  citizens  from  an  early  period, 
a  work  which  might  be  advantageously 
imitated  by  other  incumbents  of  the  City 
churches,  and  which  would  be  a  very  ap- 
propriate object  of  local  contribution  and 
episcopal   patronage.     Mr.  Murray   also 
wrote  occasionally  on  matters  of  public 
information  and  usefulness  to  many  of  the 
leading  journals  of  the  day.     He  had  like- 
wise poetic  talent,  and  wrote  many  little 
works,  as  "The  Alphabet  of  Emblems," 
"  Golden  Sayings,"  "  Lays  of  Christmas," 
and  several  others. 

In  private  life  he  was  hospitable,  ani- 
mated, and  full  of  intellectual  conversa- 
tion, and  to  this  he  added  the  genuine 
feelings  of  an  English  heart. 

There  are  few  men  who  will  be  more 
regretted  in  his  parish,  at  his  table,  or 
in  general  society  than  Thomas  Boyles 
Murray.  His  death  was  strangely  and 
startlingly  sudden.  Of  a  tall  and  vigorous 
form,  of  most  temperate  habits,  and  with 
no  known  disease,  he  gave  the  impression 
of  one  who  might  have  lived  to  advanced 
years.  On  Thursday,  September  20,  after 
spending  the  greater  part  of  the  day,  as 
usual,  at  the  office  of  the  Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  and  the 
evening  in  preparing  his  sermon  for  the 
following  Sunday,  ho  retired  to  rest  about 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


11  o'clock,  and  had  no  sooner  reached  his 
chamber  than  he  was  seized  with  an  attack 
of  paralysis,  and  became  speechless  and 
insensible.  In  this  melancholy  state  he 
continued,  though  with  intervals  of  con- 
sciousness; during  one  of  which  his  afflicted 
wife  and  children  had  the  comfort  of  re- 
ceiving the  Holy  Communion  with  him. 
On  the  night  of  Monday  the  24th  he 
calmly  expired.  He  has  left  three  sons  just 
entering  into  life. 

Mr.  Murray  was  buried  in  Eensal- 
Green  Cemetery.  His  funeral  was  attended 
by  his  three  sons  and  five  of  his  brothers, 
and  the  Secretaries  of  the  Society  for  Pro- 
moting Christian  Knowledge. 


Dr.  Stephen  Elvey. 

Oct.  6.  At  Oxford,  aged  55,  Dr.  Stephen 
Elvey,  Organist  of  New  and  St.  John's 
Colleges,  and  of  St.  Mary's  Church ;  since 
1856  he  filled  the  offlce  of  Choragus  in 
the  University  of  Oxford. 

He  was  well  known  in  his  profession 
as  a  profound  and  talented  musician, 
thoroughly  versed  in  the  best  school  of 
English  church  music  His  proficiency 
and  taste  as  an  accomplished  organist  will 
long  be  remembered,  especially  by  the 
frequenters  of  New  College  Chapel,  with 
which  his  name  has  been  for  so  many 
years  associated.  Of  late  years  he  devoted 
a  great  portion  of  his  time  and  attention 
to  the  correct  chanting  of  the  Psalms,  and 
in  1856  he  published  a  Psalter  pointed 
upon  the  soundest  and  most  approved 
principles.  This  work  was  the  result  of 
a  reverent  and  thoughtful  study  of  the 
language  and  meaning  of  the  Psalms, 
combined  with  a  very  accurate  adapta- 
tion of  the  words  to  the  musical  divisions. 
This  Psalter  is  deservedly  in  very  high 
repute,  as  the  most  careful  and  elaborate 
work  of  the  kind;  and  it  has  already  ex- 
ercised much  influence  in  cathedral  and 
other  choirs,  by  promoting  a  more  exact 
and  intelligent  method  of  chanting.  The 
private  life  of  Dr.  Elvey  was  remarkable 
for  kindness  and  self-sacrificing  exertions 
for  others.  His  loss  is  deeply  deplored  not 
only  by  his  own  family,  but  by  a  large 
circle  of  friends  by  whom  he  was  very 
greatly  respected. 

3u* 


558 


Obituary. — John  Hamilton^  Esq. 


[Not. 


His  brother,  Dr.  George  Elvey,  of  St. 
George's,  Windsor,  received  his  musical 
education  from  him,  and  also  a  nephew, 
Mr.  Herbert  Irons,  organist  of  the  Col- 
legiate Church,  Southwell. 

Dr.  Elvey  had  the  misfortune  very  early 
in  life  to  lose  his  right  leg  by  an  acci- 
dental shot  from  the  gun  of  a  friend. 
Notwithstanding  this  disadvantage,  few 
performers  could  give  greater  effect  to 
Handel's  choruses  than  the  organist  of 
New  College,  aided  by  a  fine  instrument, 
in  Wykeham's  lofty  and  beautiful  chapeL 
It  is  well  known  how  high  a  sense  was 
entertained  of  his  character  and  profes- 
sional qualifications  by  the  members  of 
that  foundation  with  which  he  was  im- 
mediately connected. 


John  Hamilton,  Esq. 

Oct,  14.  At  Howe  Villa,  Windermere, 
aged  39,  John  Hamilton,  esq.,  F.B.S., 
late  editor  of  the  "  Morning  Star." 

The  London  correspondent  of  the 
"Ban£&hire  Journal,"  writing  evidently 
fr^m  personal  knowledge,  gives  the  follow- 
ing sketch  of  the  life  and  character  of  the 
deceased : — 


« 


Mr.  John  Hamilton,  though  an  advo- 
cate of  some  peculiar  notions,  was  a  tho- 
roughly conscientious  and  honest  man. 
He  was  a  native  of  Dumfriesshire,  and 
inherited,  in  no  small  measure,  the  per- 
/enfidum  characteristic  of  his  countrymen. 
He  was  originally  designed  for  the  mi- 
nistry, and  this  fact  gave  a  bias  to  his 
views  which  can  be  traiced  in  all  his  subse- 
quent career.  Ho  came  to  the  north  of 
England,  and  began  newspaper  life  as  a 
reporter  at  Preston,  I  believe.  There  he 
adopted  the  teetotal,  and  other  causes,  so 
warmly  advocated  by  Mr.  Livesey,  the 
popular  demagogue  of  Preston  and  places 
adjacent,  and  the  proprietor  of  the  '  Pres- 
ton Guardian.'  Mr.  Hamilton,  while  at 
Preston,  frequently  addressed  the  people 
on  subjects  of  both  Radical  and  general 
interest.  From  Preston  ho  migrated  to 
Aylesbury,  to  become  the  editor  of  the 
'  Aylesbury  News.'  His  connection  with 
this  Liberal  journal  extended  over  a  pe- 
riod of  seven  years.  In  the  town  and 
county  he  was  a  man  of  some  note.  His 
outspokenness  and  peculiarities  excited  no 
small  attention.  It  was  here  that  he,  in  a 
very  marked  way,  shewed  the  ministerial 
bias.    On  Sundays  he  employed  himself 


in  preaching  to  his  friends  and  admirera. 
He  fonned  a  'chnrdi,'  whose  creed  was  of 
the  most  liberal  sort,  tiiooffh  all  the '  sacra- 
ments' were  not  discarded.  His  followers 
looked  upon  him  not  only  as  a  great  man, 
but,  in  a  certain  modified  sense,  as  their 
prophet.  In  his  capacity  as  preacher,  there 
is  no  doubt  he  exercised  much  more  influ- 
ence than  he  did  as  a  journalist.  In  his 
Aylesbury  days,  there  was  a  certain  inco- 
herent wildness  about  bis  literary  produc- 
tions which  did  not  suit  the  tastes  of  un- 
believing readers.  As  a  speaker,  howerer, 
especially  to  a  sympathetic  audience,  hia 
power  was  great,  and  tended  to  stimulate 
the  best  feelings  of  his  hearers.  He  often 
regretted  leaving  Aylesbury,  for  he  con- 
sidered himself  more  as  a  spiritual  teacher 
than  as  a  political  lecturer.  When  he  came 
to  London,  to  edit  the  *  Empire^'  for  a  aoo 
of  his  Preston  friend,  he  tried,  but  in  yaio» 
to  establish  a  *  church,'  similar  to  that 
which  he  left  in  Aylesbury.  After  a  short 
time,  Mr.  Livesey,  jun.,  sold  or  handed 
over  the  '  Empire'  to  Mr.  Hamilton  and 
Mr.  George  Thompson ;  but  they  coold  not 
make  it  a  success.  After  mu^  anxiety, 
Mr.  Hamilton  washed  his  hands  of  the 
whole  affair,  and,  at  no  small  personal  sa- 
crifice, paid  his  own  share  of  the  debts  in- 
curred. Indeed,  his  conduct  throogboat 
the  whole  of  this  matter  refilects  the  high- 
est credit  on  John  Hamilton,  whose  word 
nobody  disbelieved,  and  whose  repatation 
for  honesty  and  uprightness  no  one  dared 
call  in  question.  Shortly  after  the  fkilnre 
of  the  'Empire,'  he  became  the  e^tor- 
in-chief  of  the  '  Star.'  He  thi«w  himseLf 
with  his  wonted  earnestness  and  oonsdea- 
tiousness  into  this  work ;  bat  his  slender 
constitution,  without  the  fortifications  of 
London  stout  or  ale, — for  he  was  then  a 
rigid  teetotaller, — soonshewed  that  itconid 
not  cope  with  night  and  day  work,  and  the 
infinite  botherations  inseparable  from  the 
editorial  duties  connected  with  a  London 
daily  paper.  In  many  respects  he  was 
totally  unfit  for  the  poet.  He  was  too 
conscientious  a  man,  and  by  far  too  excita- 
ble. When  work  had  to  be  done— «nd  on 
this  paper  there  never  was  any  lack  of  that 
commodity — ^he  could  not,  or  would  not^ 
rest  till  it  was  accomplished.  As  a  fHend, 
he  was  cancUd,  constant,  and  helpful ;  as 
an  acquaintance,  oblig^ing;  and  to  those 
who  had  to  do  with  Urn  officially,  he  in- 
variably manifested  the  oourtesiy  o^  the 
gentleman." 

Mr.  Hamilton's  constitotion  broke  down 
under  the  fatigues  of  London  joomaliamt 
and  he  retired  into  the  Korth  some  time 
before  his  death.  His  cares  and  ^^^mhrj 


I860.] 


Clergy  Deceased, 


559 


anxieties  were  greatly  alleviated  by  the 
steady  friendship  of  his  old  friend,  Mr. 
Livesey,  but  he  has  left  a  widow,  who  is 
understood  to  be  very  slenderly  pro- 
vided for. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Sept,  17.  At  his  residence,  Cavendish-plaoe, 
aged  83,  the  Rev.  Henry  Rice,  Bector  of  Great 
Holland,  Essex. 

Sept.  19.  At  Norfolk-orescent,  aged  79,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Plura  Bartrum,  B.C.L.  Oxon, 
furmerly  Rector  of  St.  Christopher,  West  Indies. 

Sept.  24.  Aged  61,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Boyles 
Murray^  M.A.,  Rector  of  St  Dunstan*s-in-the- 
I-Iast,  Prehendary  of  St.  Paul's,  and  Secretary  to 
the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 

Sept.  25.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  53,  the  Rev. 
John  Frederick  Christie,  M.A.,  late  Bector  of 
Ufton-Nenret,  Berks. 

Sept.  26.  At  the  Vicarage,  aged  57,  the  Rev. 
William  Willoughby  Wynne,  B.A.,  Bector  of 
Drumlease,  Leitrim. 

Sept.  28.  In  London,  aged  62,  the  Bev.  Ed^ 
ward  Cobbold,  Rector  of  Long  Melford,  and  of 
Watlington,  Norfolk.  He  committed  suicide 
while  in  a  state  of  temporary  insanity. 

Sept.  29.  At  Hastings,  aged  68,  the  Bev.  James 
Byam  Dewe,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Bavenfleld, 
Yorkshire. 

Lately.  At  the  Vicarage,  Leek,  aged  76,  the 
Bev.  T.  H.  Heatheote,  M.A. 

Aged  68,  the  Bev.  John  Penquies  LascelUt 
Fenwick,  B.A. 

Aged  74,  the  Bev.  Thomas  Hunt,  M.A.,  Bector 
of  West  Felton,  and  of  Wentnor,  Salop,  and 
Rural  Dean. 

Oct.  3.  At  the  Vicarage,  Old  Windsor,  aged 
45,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Athelstan  Cornish,  Vicar  of 
the  parish. 

At  Clapham-common,  aged  36,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Simpson t  M.A. 

Oct.  5.  At  Launceston,  (where  he  had  gone  for 
the  benefit  of  his  health,)  aged  65,  the  Bev. 
William  Dunn,  of  Albert-terrace,  Mount  Bad- 
ford,  Exeter. 

Oct.  7.  At  the  Bectory,  aged  74,  the  Bev. 
Reginald  Wynniatt,  M.A.,  Bector  of  Oaksey, 
Wilts. 

Oct.  8.  At  Hitchin,  Herts,  aged  65,  the  Bev. 
James  Roberts,  formerly  of  Melton  Mowbray. 

Oct.  9.  At  Hcmingborough,  aged  71,  the  Bev. 
John  Ion,  for  thirty -five  years  Bector  of 
Ilalsham  and  Vicar  of  Hcmingborough. 

Oct.  10.  At  Southport,  aged  52,  the  Bev. 
George  Edward  Wood  Davison,  B.A.,  Worcester 
College,  Oxford,  of  Haddlesey-house,  Selby. 

Oct.  11.  At  Manila-crescent,  Weston-super- 
Mare,  aged  64,  the  Ven.  William  Ounning,  Arch- 
deacon of  Bath,  and  Vicar  of  Buckland  Newton, 
Dorset.  The  Venerable  deceased  was  much  re- 
spected by  all  parties  in  the  Church  for  his 
strictly  impartial  and  conscientious  discharge  of 
his  duties,  and  in  private  life  he  was  much 
esteemed  by  every  one  who  enjoyed  his  firiend- 

Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


ship.  He  was  presented  in  1839,  by  Bishop  Law, 
to  the  living  of  Stowey,  which  he  resigned  in 
1851  upon  being  appointed  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Wells  to  the  living  of  Buckland  New- 
ton, Dorset.  On  the  death  of  the  late  revered 
Archdeacon  Brymer,  Mr.  Ounning  was  appointed 
by  Bishop  Bagot  to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Bath. 
The  deceased  was  for  some  years  Chaplain  of 
Partis  College,  near  Bath,  in  which  he  took  a 
warm  interest.  He  was  also  one  of  the  earliest, 
most  energetic,  and  indefatigable  supporters  of 
the  Diocesan  Societies  Association,  wltich  is  in- 
debted greatiy  to  his  exertions  for  the  important 
and  useful  position  it  has  attained.  He  was  for 
many  years  the  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, and  held  the  Treasurership  till  his  death. 

At  St.  Mark's  Parsonage,  Flint,  aged  67,  the 
Bev.  Morgan  Davies,  M.A.,  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Connah's  Quay,  Flintshire,  formerly  Chaplain 
in  Bombay. 

Oct.  13.  At  St.  Helier*s,  Jersey,  the  Bev. 
IF.  H.  Hanson,  Bector  of  Hockwold  and  Wilton, 
Norfolk,  Honorary  Canon  of  Norwich  Cathedral, 
and  formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Caius  College, 
Cambridge. 

At  Bootie,  the  Bev.  William  W.  Talbot,  B.A., 
formerly  Curate  of  that  parish. 

Oct.  17.    At  Ulcombe,  Kent  (by  his  own  hand),  . 
the  Bev.  Henry  Sadler,  Curate  of  that  parish, 
and  son  pf  the  late  Michael  Thomas  Sadler,  esq., 
M.P. 

Oct.  21.  Aged  76,  the  Bev.  Henry  8oame$, 
M.A.,  Bector  of  Stapleford  Tawney,  and  of 
Shelley,  Essex,  and  Chancellor  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral. 

DEATHS. 

ABBANaBS  IN  OHBONOLOGIOAL  QBDBB. 

May  26.  Accidentally  drowned  while  orosstng 
a  flooded  river  in  the  province  of  Otago,  New 
Zealand,  George  Calvert,  second  surviving  mm  of 
the  Bev.  J.  C.  Blathwayt,  of  Leiston. 

May  SO.  On  his  passage  from  Calcutta,  aged 
31,  Frank  Browne,  late  Lieut.  H.M.*s  39th  Begt, 
and  Senior  Inspector  of  the  Government  Schools 
in  the  Punjaub. 

June  9,  Accidentally  drowned  off  Cape  Horn, 
in  a  heavy  gale  of  wind,  Capt.  Charles  Anthony 
Hale,  second  son  of  the  late  Francis  Hale,  esq., 
B.N.,  of  Falmouth. 

June  16.  At  Bichmond,  Australia,  aged  108, 
Mr.  Wm.  J.  Madgrwiok,  formerly  of  Chichester, 
Sussex.  Mr.  Madgwick  was  for  fbrty-three  years 
a  resident  of  Bichmond. 

June  32.  At  Grahamstown,  Cspe  of  Good 
Hope,  aged  36,  Henry  John  Fox,  solieitMr,  eldest 
son  of  Luther  Owen  Fox,  M.D.,  of  Brooghton, 
Hants. 

July  3.  At  sea,  aged  43,  Bichard  W.  Boose, 
passenger  on  board  the  steamer  **  City  of  Wash- 
ington," formerly  of  Hose,  near  Melton  Mowbray. 

July  17.  At  Hobart-town,  in  the  island  of 
Tasmania,  aged  73,  Assistant-Commissary-Gene- 
ral Peter  Boberts,  h.p.,  eldest  son  of  the  lata 
Paymaster  Boberts,  formerly  of  the  10th  (<»r 
Prinoe  of  Wales's  Own)  Light  Dragoons,  and 
also  Barrack-master  of  i  ungeness,  Kent.  _ 

8x 


560 


Obituaey. 


[Nov. 


July  21.  At  Sydney,  Atwtralia,  aged  SO,  Fran- 
cis, son  of  Matthew  Manhall,  esq.,  of  the  Bank 
of  England. 

Jitly  30.  At  Mnrree,  in  the  Punjaub,  Jalia, 
■wife  of  Lieut  George  Cecil  Gooch,  93rd  High- 
landers. 

Aug.  12.  At  Kirkee,  India,  aged  37.  John 
Kirkby  Mountain,  esq.,  6th  Enniskillen  Dragoons, 
f!on-in-law  of  I.  Leney,  esq.,  Cliffe,  Lewee.  He 
■was  in  the  glorious  charge  at  Balaklava,  at 
Inkermann  and  Tchemaya,  and  the  siege  and  fall 
of  Sebastopol,  and  was  followed  to  the  grave  by 
the  Commander-in-Chief,  the  Major  -  (General 
Commanding  Division,  a  large  concourse  of 
ofiBcers  (many  of  whom  came  over  from  Poonah), 
and  the  men  of  the  regiment. 

Aug.  24.  At  his  resi  lence,  Bootle  Marsh,  near 
liTerpool,  aged  79,  Je^se  Hartley,  surveyor  of 
the  Liverpool  Docks.  The  deceased  was  a  native 
of  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  in  which  dis- 
trict his  father  held  the  position  of  bridge-master, 
and  his  son,  after  receiving  an  ordinary  educa- 
tion, perved  his  apprenticeship  as  a  stone-mason, 
and  worked  at  the  building  of  Borough-bridge. 
Subsequently,  he  succeeded  his  father  as  bridge- 
master  until  his  removal  to  Liverpool,  on  receiv- 
ing the  appointment  of  engineer  to  the  Dock  Com- 
mittee. As  a  dock  engineer,  Mr.  Jesse  Hartley  is 
admitted  to  have  occupied  a  very  high  position, 
and  in  the  design  and  construction  of  the  numer- 
ous docks  of  Liverpool  he  has  left  monuments  of 
his  skill  as  an  engineer  which  will  endure  at 
least  as  long  as  the  fame  and  commercial  pros- 
perity of  the  port.  During  the  long  period  in 
which  he  held  the  reRponsible  office  of  dock  engi- 
neer in  Liverpool,  Mr.  Hartley  altered  or  entirely 
conRtructed  every  dock  belonging  to  the  town. 
Be^ides  these,  he  was  employed  as  engineer  for 
the  Bolton  and  Manchester  railway  and  canal, 
and  he  was  also  consulting  engineer  for  the  Dee 
Bridge  at  Chester,  the  centering  for  which  was 
considered  a  triumph  of  engineering  skill  and 
ability. 

At  the  Chateau  de  la  Graverie,  near  Yire, 
aged  79,  Madame  des  Rotours.  Josephine  du 
Buisson  de  Courson  and  her  only  sister  belonged 
to  one  of  the  oldest  noble  families  in  Normandy. 
T^te  double  union  of  the»e  two  si«ters  with  the 
two  brothers  des  Koiours,  of  Chaulicu,  has  for 
sixty  y.  ars  past  made,  of  these  two  families,  one 
happy  household.  On  the  early  death  of  the  wife 
of  M.  des  Rotours,  the  baron  of  Chaulieo,  Madame 
des  Rotours  performed  all  the  duties  of  a  mo- 
ther for  her  orphan  children,  while  she  enter- 
tained for  him  the  affection  of  a  sister.  Thus 
have  the  last  fifty-nine  years  of  this  respected 
lady's  life  been  passed  in  the  conscientious  dis- 
charge of  these  family  duties,  in  happy  calm  at 
the  Chateau  de  la  Oraviere,  where  she  was  be- 
loved by  all. — Qalignani. 

Aged  70,  Edw.  Biisnett,  of  Serle-st.,  Lincoln's 
Inn,  and  Camberwell-green,  fourth  son  of  the 
late  Nathaniel  Basnett,  of  the  East  India  House. 

At  Llangoedmore,  Thomas  Harman  Brenchley, 
esq.,  to  Emily  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Yaughan,  of  Llangoedmore-pl.,  Cardiganshire. 

Aug.  27.  At  Lakenheath,  aged  82;  Gapt.  Joseph 


Ginger.  He  was  tereral  years  hi  active  aervioa 
abroad,  particularly  in  Calabria,  and  wm  woonded 
at  the  battle  of  Maida. 

Aug.  28.  At  Brussels,  Margaret,  wife  of  G.  C.  H. 
Sunderland,  esq.,  R.N.,  of  Swarthsdale,  UlveraUm, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  lient.-CoL  Story,  Boyal 
Artillery. 

Aug.  30.  At  Barraekpore,  Calcutta,  of  dy- 
sentery, aged  35,  Capt.  William  C.  Lane  Ryvea, 
H.M.I.S.,  second  son  of  the  late  Hugh  Massy 
Ry  ves,  of  New-garden,  Castle  Connel,  oo.  Lime- 
rick. He  commanded  the  4th  Pux^aub  Bifles  at 
the  relief  of  Lucknow,  Bitthoor,  Cawnpore,  and 
Futtyghur,  and  distinguished  himaelfthrooglumt 
the  mutiny. 

Aug,  80.  At  Cawnpore,  of  dysentery,  aged  SS, 
Capt.  Benjamin  Wyld,  Srd  Madras  European  In- 
fantry, youngest  son  of  the  late  Jamee  Wyld, 
esq.,  of  Gilston,  Fifeshire. 

Aug.  31.  At  St.  Thomas's  Mount,  Madraa, 
aged  54,  Col.  Eames  Amainek,  Brigadier  and 
Commandant  of  the  Madras  ArtiUery. 

Sept.  1.  At  his  residence,  Yiotoria  -  grove^ 
Brompton,  aged  51,  Ebenezer  LandelLs,  esq., 
the  well-known  engraver  on  wood.  He  waa  a 
native  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  where  he  was  a 
pupil  of  Bewick,  the  celebrated  engraver,  and 
Mr.  Landells*  best  woodcuts  have  much  c^  the 
artistic  feeling  of  Us  master.  Mr.  Landells  eame 
to  London  about  thirty  years  ago,  and  had  sinee 
been  connected  with  the  leading  fllostrated  peri- 
odicals of  the  day.  In  1841,  he  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  Punch."  Intheantiunnofl84SMr. 
Landells  was  commissioned  by  the  proprietors  of 
the  "  Illustrated  London  News"  to  sketch  and  en- 
grave the  scenes  and  incidents  of  Her  Mi^esty's 
visit  to  Scotland ;  and  his  success  on  this  ooea- 
sion  led  to  his  being  subseqoently  engaged  to 
Illustrate,  in  the  above  Jonmal,  the  ssfveral  royal 
visits  to  various  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom 
and  the  Continent.  He  was  likewise  the  origtea- 
tor  of  the  <*  Illuminated  Magaiine,"  ft  vols.,  and 
one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the  *'  Lady** 
Newspaper."  To  this  arduous  hraneh  of  his  art 
Mr.  Landells  brought  considerable  artSatk  taste, 
as  well  as  untiring  en<>rgy,  such  as  alone  eoold 
enable  him  to  sketch  and  engrave  ineldentB  fkom 
some  hundred  miles  distanee  so  as  to  neet  the 
requirements  of  a  weekly  newspaper.  In  private 
life  he  was  an  affeotionate  husband  and  indul- 
gent father,  and  a  warm-hearted,  gwierous 
friend. 

Sept.  5.  At  New  York,  aged  06,  George  H. 
Barrett,  a  celebrated  Amerioan  tragedian. 

Sept.  7.  Aged  25,  James,  fifth  son  of  the 
hite  Rev.  Thomas  Strettoo  Codrington,  M.A., 
Yicar  of  Wroughton,  wats. 

At  Quebec,  from  scarlet  fiver,  eged  9,  Alexan- 
der David,  eldest  son  of  Rear-Adminl  Sir  Alex- 
ander and  Lady  Milne. 

At  Calcutta,  of  cholera,  aged  M,  Btaff-Aaslst* 
ant-Surgeon  William  Alexander,  yoongcst  sob 
of  Dr.  Alexander,  Wooler,  Northumberland. 

Sept,  8.  At  WUton-road,  Salisbury,  Chnrlnlf 
Aubiey,  widow  of  Capt.  Beverley  Bobinsos, 
R.A.,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Fcyto 
Shrubb,  esq.,  of  Stoke^  OoUdiord. 


I860.] 


Obitvaby. 


561 


At  Field-place,  OorinflTt  Sussex,  aged  60,  L. 
Bushb}',  esq. 

At  Plymouth,  Elisa,  relict  of  the  Bev.  Harry 
Jelly,  of  Trinity  Church. 

Sept.  9.  At  Tmro,  Caroline  Frances  Hngoe, 
sister  of  the  late  Wm.  J.  Hugoe,  esq.,  M.D.,  for- 
merly of  Padstow. 

At  Tehiamlitdgia,  near  Scntari,  afed  34,  n 
Hami  Pasha,  eldest  surviving  son  of  Abbas 
Pasha,  the  last  viceroy  of  Egypt.  Re  was  eda<- 
cated  under  the  eye  of  his  father  in  the  palace  of 
Abassia  in  Cairo,  and  had  acquired  a  fair  know- 
ledge of  the  English  language.  In  July,  1854, 
he  started  on  a  visit  to  England,  but  his  ac- 
quaintance with  this  country  was  destined  to  be 
very  slight,  for,  on  arriving  at  Southampton,  he 
received  intelligence  of  the  death  of  his  father, 
and  a  despatch  from  Said  Pasha,  the  present 
viceroy,  directing  his  immediate  return  to  Egypt. 
In  1858  he  married  Inorir^,  one  of  the  daughters 
of  the  Sultan,  who  has  not  borne  him  any  chil- 
dren :  he  leaves  three  daughters  by  other  wives. 
He  had  led  a  vary  dissipated  life,  and  was  deeply 
involved  in  debt  at  the  time  of  his  decease.  Cairo 
was  selected  as  the  place  of  his  interment,  and 
the  body  was  removed  to  Alexandria  in  a  gorem- 
m«>nt  steamer. 

Sept.  10.  Elizabeth  Caroline,  second  dan.  of  the 
Rev.  Fulwar  Craven  Fowle,  late  Vicar  of  Kin- 
bury,  Berks. 

At  Aden,  of  apoplexy,  «i»  routt  to  Australia,  on 
board  of  the  Peninsular  and  Oriental  Company's 
steamship  **'Nemesis,"  John  Dunn,  esq.,  M.P.  for 
Dartmouth.  Mr.  Dunn  was  a  merchant  and  ship- 
owner in  London,  and  lai^ly  engaged  in  the 
Australian  trade.  He  had  formerly  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Tasmania.  He 
was  elected  for  Dartmouth  in  August,  1899,  hav- 
ing unsuccessfully  contested  Totnee  in  the  ]»«- 
vious  May,  and  was  generally  a  supporter  of 
Lord  Derby's  government. 

Accidentally  drowned,  at  Weymouth,  aged  99, 
Thomas  George  Bridge,  esq.,  solicitor. 

At  his  residence,  Middleton-lodge,  Torquay, 
aged  59,  James  Dean,  esq.,  formerly  of  Man- 
chester. 

Suddenly,  at  his  residenee,  Manw- house, 
Guernsey,  Dr.  Nicholas  Magrath,  B.N. 

Sept.  11.  At  btapleton-hottse,  Martoek,  Somer- 
set, aged  64,  Wm.  Haggett  Bic^ards,  esq.,  J.  P. 

At  Bath,  aged  62,  Capt.  J.  F.  Btirllng,  R.N. 
The  deceased  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Vice-Admiral  Charles  Stirling,  and  entered  the 
navy  in  1811 ;  in  the  year  1824  he  obtained 
his  first  commission,  and  was  appointed  in  1828 
to  tbe  "Prince  Regent,"  120,  flag-ship  of  Sir 
A.  Blackwood,  at  the  Note.  He  served  from 
1831  until  1833  as  flag-lieutenant  in  the  **  St. 
Vincent,"  120,  and  the  «*  Alfred,"  60,  to  Sir  R. 
Hotham,  commander-in-chief  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  in  1842  was  again  appdnted  to  the 
**  St.  Vincent,"  as  flag-lieutenant  to  Sir  £.  Cod- 
rington,  at  Portsmouth. 

Sept.  12.  At  Bingwood,  Hants,  aged  52,  Susan 
Maria,  relict  of  Thomas  Dyer,  esq.,  surgeon,  and 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Peter  Geary,  Incumbent  of 
St.  Thomas's,  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight. 


Sept.  14.  From  an  accident  two  days  before  at 
the  Lismore  steeple-chase,  aged  32,  Capt.  Shaw. 
His  horse  fell  at  the  second  fence,  and  then 
roUed  over  him.  The  deceased  was  considered 
one  of  the  best  gentlemen  riders  in  Ireland  or 
England,  and  he  was  likewise  most  active  on 
foot  over  hurdles. 

At  Whitchurch,  aged  76,  Mary,  wifis  of  J.  D. 
Colston,  esq. 

Sept,  15.  At  Gateshead,  aged  77,  Mary  Ann, 
relict  of  the  late  John  Fairweather,  esq.,  com- 
mander R.N. 

In  Ireland,  aged  24,  Fanny  Marlon,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Albim  Cox,  esq.,  of 
Dorohepter. 

Suddenly,  at  his  residence  in  Catherine-street, 
Strand,  where  he  had  carried  on  business  for 
upwards  of  thirty  years,  Mr.  Lanoelott  Wild, 
for  many  years  connected  with  the  newspap  r 
press  as  news-agent  and  publisher.  For  the  pre- 
sent year  he  was  Life-Governor  and  President  of 
the  Newspaper  Benevolent  Institutiotti  to  which 
he  was  a  large  and  continuous  snbsoriber. 

At  Sbawfield-toll,  Glasgow,  aged  72,  Mr.  Robert 
Stede,  of  Broun  Castle.  This  well-known  oha- 
racter  was  better  known  as  **  Rab  Steele,"  or 
"  Provost  Steele,"  and,  indeed,  among  his  ordi- 
nary associates  he  was  talked  of  and  to  regularly 
by  these  more  familiar  names.  He  was  one  of 
the  "  notables"  of  the  Middle  Ward  of  Lanark- 
shirs,  where  he  was  bom,  lived,  and  made  money 
to  a  large  extent,  so  that  he  has  now  left  behind 
at  least  £40,000.  About  Ave  or  Ax  years  ago  1M 
bought  Broun  Castle,  East  Kilbride,  for  £14,000, 
of  «hieh  his  father  at  one  time  was  tenant.  He 
made  his  money  by  toll-keeping,  at  one  time 
being  the  lessee  of  nearly  the  whole  of  them  in 
this  district.  His  exterior  was  anything  but  in- 
viting, and  certainly  his  mind  was  not  highly 
cultivated.  Still  he  bad  naturally  a  aound  com- 
mon sense,  which  gnided  him  through  life  in  » 
remarkable  manner.  He  was  tbriee  elected 
Provost  of  Rutheiglen ;  about  a  dosen  years  ago 
be  was  plaoed,  through  the  inflnenoe  of  the  late 
Duke  of  Hamilton,  on  the  commission  of  the 
peace  for  Lanarkshire.  As  a  Justiee  he  was  » 
useftil  man,  his  decisions  always  being  in  ooo- 
eonanee  with  common  smee,  and  generally  largely 
imbued  with  merey.  In  the  Ueensfng  oourt  he 
was  rather  one-sided,  and  took  the  side  of  the 
publicans  at  least  as  mueh  as  others  have  gone 
against  them.  Rab  was  an  ardent  admirar  of 
horse-raeing,  pugilism,  ooek-flghting,  trotting 
matches,  ftc.,  and  all  kinds  of  sports.  Bab  waa 
never  married,  and  Uved  in  the  plainest  manner 
possible.— Aostoman. 

Sept,  16.  At  Paris,  agA  84,  the  Doeheta  of 
Berwick  and  Alba,  sister  of  the  Emprees  Eugenie. 
The  deceased  duehess  leaves  three  children. 

At  Paignton,  Mrs.  Bundock,  widow  of  Lieut. 
John  Bundoek,  B.N. 

At  St.  Gemudns,  East  Lothian,  David  Murray 
Anderson,  esq. 

■  Sept.  18.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  62,  O.  Bilseoo 
Whalley,  of  Birdlip,  Captain  unattached,  for- 
merly of  the  37th  Regt. 

At  Bridgwater,  aged  78,  Berriett,  widow  of 


562 


Obituary. 


[Not. 


James  Ethcrbridge  Smith,  esq.,  of  Lower  Court- 
farm,  Uutton,  Weston-super-Mare. 

At  the  residence  of  her  8on>in-law,  Caroline 
Ottway,  widow  of  R.  Bowie,  esq.,  of  Gombledon 
Manor-farm,  Idmiston,  near  Salisbury. 

At  Brighton,  aged  64,  Mary,  relict  of  J.  Wal- 
lace, esq.  * 

At  Ongar-park-hall,  Essex,  aged  84,  Mr.  John 
Stallibrass. 

Sepi.  19.  At  Tync-hall,  nford,  Essex,  aged  79, 
Recfi  Price,  esq.,  M.D. 

John  llaylock,  esq.,  of  Balsham-place,  Cam<- 
bridgcshire. 

At  St.  Thomas's-placc,  Guernsey,  Elizabeth 
Matilda,  widow  of  Henry  Hodges,  esq.,  of  Lin- 
wood,  Lyndhurst,  Hants. 

At  his  residence,  Millbrook,  Jersey,  aged  68, 
John  Tutton,  esq. 

At  New  York,  J.  R.  Rice,  the  transatlantio 
delineator  of  negro  character,  and  well-known 
in  this  country  as  the  origrinal  *'  Jim  Crow." 
When  Mr.  Bice  returned  fiom  Europe,  he  was 
eagerly  engaged  by  theatrical  managers  through- 
out America,  for  the  pourtrayal  of  nigger  pecu- 
liarities, and  he  played  as  a  star  in  most  of  the 
theatres.  He  retained  his  popularity  to  the  last, 
but  is  believed  to  have  been  in  indigent  circum- 
stances at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Sept.  20.  At  Higham-lodge,  near  Colchester, 
aged  71,  T.  C.  Brettingham,  esq. 

At  Upper  Harloy-st.,  Emily,  widow  of  John 
Gilbert,  esq.,  late  of  the  Audit-office,  Somerset- 
house,  and  of  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

At  Ashburton,  aged  58,  Susanna  Dolbeare, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  B.  Parham,  esq.,  solicitor. 

At  Morlaix,  Mile.  M.  du  Guiny,  from  an  attack 
of  apoplexy  with  which  she  was  seized  just  as 
she  was  alighting  from  a  diligence,  and  which 
carried  her  off  in  a  few  hours.  It  was  this  lady 
and  her  sister  who  in  1832  concealed  in  their 
house  the  Duchess  de  Berri,  when  traced  to 
Nantes  by  the  police  of  the  Goyernment  of  July. 
After  the  arrest  of  the  Princess,  the  sisters  were 
prosecuted,  and  their  trial  caused  a  great  sensa- 
tion at  the  time.  Since  that  period  Mile,  du 
Guiny  has  been  living  retired  with  her  family, 
devoting  herself  to  works  of  charity. 

Srpi.  21.  At  West  Hartlepool,  aged  38,  Chris- 
topher Salmon,  esq.  Beside  several  local  offices, 
he  for  many  years  held  the  post  of  hon.  secre- 
tary to  the  West  Hartlepool  Literary  and  Me- 
chanics' Institution,  having  been  one  of  its  earli- 
est members,  as  he  was,  from  first  to  last,  one  of 
its  most  liberal  supporters  and  zealous  friends. 

At  Spaunton,  aged  50,  Henry  Brewster  Darley, 
esq.,  of  Aldby-park,  and  of  Spaunton-manor, 
North-Hiding  of  Yorlf. 

At  Hoeinheim,  near  Strasbourg,  aged  25,  Edw. 
Swainton,  son  of  Edw.  Swuinton  Strangways, 
esq.,  jun.,  of  Alne. 

At  Inverness-ter.,  aged  57,  Thos.  Paley,  esq., 
second  son  of  John  Green  Paley,  esq.,  of  Gak- 
lands,  near  Harrogate. 

In  London,  aged  21,  Edwin  Henry,  second  son 
of  Richard  Farhall,  of  Newbridge-house,  Billings- 
hurst,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  Mary  Fitzgerald,  laat  surviving 


dau.  of  the  late  Lient.-CoL  Rois,  4th  Drmgoon 
Guards. 

At  Thorpe  Hamlet,  near  Norwich,  aged  71, 
Robert  Morris,  esq. 

Sept.  72.  At  Heath -oottage,  Kentish -town, 
aged  86,  John  Vine  Hall,  esq.,  the  author  of  the 
**  Sinner's  Friend.*'  He  was  the  fother  of  Dr. 
Newman  Hall,  and  of  Capt.  Tine  Hall,  Ute  of 
the  *'  Great  Eastern."  His  life  was  prolonged 
to  see  his  tract  reach  its  356th  edition ;  it  is  said 
that  it  has  been  translated  into  twenty-nine  lan- 
guages, and  circulated  to  the  number  of  more 
than  a  million  and  a-half  of  copies. 

John  Skinner,  only  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Noswortby,  esq.,  of  Dix's-field,  Exeter. 

At  Brighton,  G.  Whiteley,  esq.,  of  TreTor-t«r., 
Knightsbridge,  barrister-at-law. 

In  Cambridge-et.,  Ecdeston-sq.,  aged  39,  Rbt. 
Follett  Synge,  esq.,  Major  let  West  India  Regt., 
late  of  the  67th  Regt.  of  Foot. 

At  his  residence,  Colet-place,  Commereial-rd., 
East,  aged  84,  Ralph  Darling,  of  H.M.'a  Customs. 

At  Broughton-hall,  Staffordshire,  Jane^  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Delves  Broughton. 

At  Great  Chesterford-park,  Eaaez,  aged  43, 
Edw.  Wall,  esq.,  late  of  Middleton,  Norfolk. 

Sept.  23.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  49,  Elixabeth 
Harriet,  widow  of  Col.  Calaney,  R.M.  light 
Infantry,  and  third  dau.  of  the  late  Her.  Thomas 
Snell.  Rector  of  Windlesham,  Surrey. 

In  Imperial-sq.,  Cheltenham,  aged  92,  Mary, 
relict  of  John  Kingdon,  esq.,  ot  Cheltenham. 

At  Southsea,  aged  78,  Vice-Adm.  the  Hon.  H. 
Dilkes  Byng.  The  deceased,  who  entered  the 
navy  in  1791,  was  grand-nephew  of  the  unfor- 
tunate Yicc-Adm.  Byng,  who  was  executed  in 
1757. 

At  Clifton-cottage,  near  York,  Franees  Anne, 
wife  of  J.  A.  Knipe,  esq.,  of  London,  and  aixth 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Ogle,  formerly  chap- 
lain to  H.M.'s  6th  Regt.  of  Foot,  and  Curate  of 
Hunsingore,  York. 

At  Clifton,  Frances  Marianne,  widow  of  MiJ.- 
Gen.  Thomas  Leighton,  Bombay  Army. 

At  Henbnry,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Whalley, 
of  West  Mall,  CUfton,  widow  of  the  Rev.  R.  T. 
Whalley,  Rector  of  Yeovilton,  and  of  Ilcheater, 
Somerset. 

Sept.  24.  At  Old  Brompton,  aged  65,  Henry 
Courtenay,  Lieut.  R.N.,  1815. 

At  his  residence.  Sylvan-lodge,  Brighton,  aged 
80,  John  Colbatch,  esq. 

In  Paris,  aged  71,  the  Marquis  de  Forget,  a  re- 
tired naval  officer.  At  the  capture  of  Algfen  in 
lb30,  the  Marquis  was  appointed  commander  of 
the  port.  He  was  son  of  a  UeuL-gen.  who,  under 
the  ancient  monarchy,  filled  the  post  of  Master 
of  the  Hawks;  and  his  wife  waa  a  granddau. 
of  Jaquos  Cazotte,  the  author  of  the  Dimklt 
Jmoureux,  whose  daughter  attained  great  cele- 
brity during  the  Revolution  of  1789. 

Sept.  25.  At  Locking,  Westoa-euper-Mai«v 
aged  40,  Charles  Penrose  Coode,  Mi^  Royal 
Marines,  and  eldest  son  of  the  tatte  Viee-Admiral 
Sir  John  Coode,  K.C.B. 

At  Ctaigic-house,  Jamea  Campbell,  eaq.,  of 
Craigie,  Ayrshire. 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


563 


At  Cheltenham,  aged  49,  Major  Charles  D. 
Mylne,  II.M.'s  Bomhay  Army. 

At  Bridgnorth,  Annie,  widow  of  James  Baker, 
esq.,  formerly  of  Market  Drayton. 

At  Sowerby,  near  Thirsk,  aged  82,  Priscilla, 
widow  of  James  Wilkinson,  esq.,  of  London. 

At  East  Leigh,  Uavant,  Hants,  aged  75,  James 
Woodman,  esq.,  M.D. 

At  the  Rectory,  after  a  very  short  illness,  aged 
35,  Jemima  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  O.  W. 
Curtis,  of  Pudworth,  near  Reading. 

Sept.  2G.  At  Aveley-hall,  Essex,  aged  39, 
Joseph  Eaton  Joyner,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  29,  Isabella  Maria,  widow  of 
Capt.  Francis  Constable  Jackson,  late  of  the  I2th 
Rc-gt.  B.N.I.,  and  Stud  Department,  Bengal. 

At  Daventry,  aged  63,  Elizabeth,  youngest  and 
last  surviving  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William  Hussey, 
late  Rector  of  Sandhurst,  Kent. 

At  Salisbury,  aged  93,  Eleanor,  widow  of  Robert 
Lindoe,  esq.,  M.D.,  of  Clifton. 

At  Christ  Church  Parsonage,  Tunbridge  Wells, 
while  on  a  visit,  Richard  Hudson,  esq.,  late 
Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Wicklow,  and  brother 
to  the  late  Edward  Hudson,  esq.,  L.L.D.,  of 
Weston,  near  Bath. 

Suddenly,  at  Clipstone- house,  Kettlestone, 
aged  61,  William  Emerson,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Wm.  Loades  Rix,  esq.,  of  Walsingham. 

Sept.  27.  At  Portlemouth  Rectory,  aged  44, 
Catharine  Frances,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  B.  Wells, 
Rector. 

Mary,  wife  of  Benjamin  James,  esq.,  of  Vio- 
toria-pl.,  Falsgrave-road,  Scarbro*. 

At  Old  Charlton,  aged  90,  Lady  Fisher,  relict 
of  Major-Gen.  Sir  George  Bulteel  Fisher,  K,H., 
R.A. 

Aged  65,  John  Ooodacre,  esq.,  of  Lutterworth. 

At  Dronficld,  aged  60,  Samuel  Lucas,  esq. 

At  Sherborne,  at  an  advanced  age,  the  widow 
of  Major  Hoar,  R.M.,  late  of  Stonehouse. 

At  Bath,  Major  Dumfurd,  late  of  H.M.*s  39th 
Regt. 

Sept.  28.  Aged  84,  C.  Lombe,  esq.,  of  Great 
Metton,  Norfolk. 

At  Wrotham,  aged  20,  Blanche  Emma,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Lane. 

At  Leeds,  aged  55,  Mr.  J.  Bradshawe  Walker, 
author  of  "  Wayside  Flowers,"  "  Spring  Leaves," 
&c. 

Aged  69,  John  Hesp,  esq.,  solicitor,  of  West- 
field-terr.,  Scarbro', 

At  Poole,  aged  67,  Mr.  William  Bound,  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Poole  Town  Council. 

At  Aldcnham-lodge,  Herts,  Charlotte  Frances, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Mason,  and  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Charles  Yonge. 

Sept.  29.  At  Clifton,  near  Bristol,  aged  78,  Julia, 
Dowager  Lady  Wrotteslcy.  widow  of  John,  first 
Lord  Wrotteslcy.  The  deceased  lady,  who  was 
the  second  wife  of  the  late  lord,  was  dau.  of  Mr. 
John  Conyers,  and  widow  of  Capt.  the  Hon.  John 
Astley  Bonnet,  R.N. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  65,  James  Lloyd,  esq.,  of 
Compton  Dundon  Rectory,  Somerset. 

At  his  residence,  Knightrider-st.,  Maidstone, 
agid  87,  John  Peale,  esq. 


At  Savile-house,  Jersey,  aged  59,  William 
Pigott  Shuckburgh,  esq.,  of  the  Moot,  Downton, 
J. P.  for  the  county  of  Wilts. 

At  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  25,  Frances 
Mary,  wife  of  William  B.  Mew,  esq.,  and  young- 
est dau.  of  J.  M.  Templeman,  esq.,  of  Crewkeme, 
Somerset. 

Aged  86,  J.  Bullock,  esq.,  of  Faulkboum-haU, 
Essex,  and  Bryanston-sq. 

Suddenly,  of  spasmodic  asthma,  Sarah,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  P.  Cater,  Baptist  Minister,  Peckham. 

At  Whitchurch,  aged  86,  Mary,  relict  of  Rich. 
Powdrell,  esq.,  of  Farndon,  having  survived  her 
husband  51  years. 

Sept.  30.  At  Clapton,  aged  73,  the  Rev. 
Alexander  Fletcher,  D.D.,  Minister  of  Finsbury 
Chapel.  Some  weeks  ago  he  became  subject  to 
an  attack  of  bronchitis,  on  which,  notwithstand- 
ing every  care,  dropsy  in  the  chest  supervened, 
and,  from  the  appearance  of  these  symptoms,  all 
hope  of  recovery  was  abandoned.  Dr.  Fletcher's 
last  sermon  was  preached  to  nearly  8,000  children 
in  Surrey  Chapel,  in  February  last,  and  ttom  that 
time  he  gradually  declined  in  health.  His  fame 
rests  mainly  upon  his  talent  in  preaching  to 
children,  and  upon  his  *'  F^eunily  Devotion,"  of 
which  more  than  50,000  eopies  have  been  sold  in 
England  alone,  besides  numerous  editions  in  the 
United  States.  Dr.  Fletcher  was  bom  on  April 
8th,  1787,  at  the  Bridge  of  Tdth,  Doune,  Perth- 
shire, being  the  son  of  the  Rev.  William  Fletcher, 
of  that  place,  a  minister  of  the  A8.sociate  Synod. 
He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
and  on  taking  orders  he  became  oo-pastor  with 
his  father.  In  the  year  1810  he  came  to  London, 
and  occupied  in  succession  the  pulpits  of  Mile- 
end-road,  MilesVlane,  Albion  Chapel,  Moorfields, 
and  Finsbury  Chapel.  Dr.  Fletcher  leaves  be- 
hind a  widow  and  one  daughter,  Mrs.  Hard- 
castle,  the  wife  of  J.  A.  Hardcastle,  esq.,  M.P. 
for  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Aged  64,  Wm.  Layton,  esq.,  J.P.,  Ely. 

At  Peekham,  Surrey,  aged  IS,  Emily  Helm, 
only  surviving  dau.  of  J.  A.  Silk  Buckingham, 
esq.,  Jamaica,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Jas. 
Silk  Buckingham,  esq. 

At  Geneva,  aged  76,  Camilla,  relict  of  the  late 
Rc7.  Edward  PUyer,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Sloper,  esq.,  of  Bath. 

At  Naples,  Bfadame  Dupont.  She  was  the 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Andrew  Snape 
Douglas,  Kt,  and  sister  of  the  last  Lady  Bowyer. 

Oct.  1.  At  Baton-pl.  aged  58,  Sarah,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Crane,  Incumbent  of  Holy 
Trinity  Chapel,  Bordesley,  near  Birmingham. 

Margaretta,  wife  of  George  Nonnau,  esq.,  of 
the  Circus,  and  dau.  of  the  late  John  Kitaon,  esq., 
of  Bath. 

At  Clifton,  Katharine,  wife  of  Major  Gaiaford, 
of  Bagstone,  Gloucestershire. 

At  the  Manor-house,  Littie  Marlow,  Bocks, 
aged  39,  Mary  Eleanor,  wife  of  George  Jackson, 
esq.,  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Blayney, 
of  the  Lodge,  Evesham,  Worcestershire. 

At  Betchton-house,  Chester,  aged  70,  George 
Sewell,  esq. 

At  Royston,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 


564 


Obituary. 


[Nov. 


C^eorge  Pennington,  many  years  Wear  of  Bas- 
Bingboume,  Cambs. 

At  Enhain-house,  near  Andover,  aged  70,  Capt. 
W.  J.  Prowse,  R.N. 

At  the  Bank,  Rochester,  aged  22,  Harriet 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Stone,  esq. 

At  Huverstock-hiU,  Sophia,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  R.  Collett,  A.M.,  formerly  of  Westerham, 
Kent,  and  wife  of  the  Kev.  H.  J.  Carter  Smith, 
A.M.,  Incumbent  of  St.  Andrew's. 

At  his  residence.  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  aged  48, 
Mr.  David  Goldsmith.  He  was  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  Town  Council,  and  served  the 
office  of  Maj'or  in  1850-1,  and  again  in  1856-7  ; 
was  a  Paving  Commissioner,  and  a  member  of 
the  Burial  Board ;  and  took  an  active  part  in  all 
measures  for  the  improvement  and  advantage 
of  the  town. 

Oct.  2.  In  Northgate-street,  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
aged  93,  W.  Dalton,  esq.  Mr.  Daltou,  who  had 
passed  much  of  his  time  abroad,  used  to  relate 
that  he  had  been  present  in  the  National  Assem- 
bly when  Robespierre  and  Danton,  Couthon  and 
St.  Just  were  its  ruling  spirits  ;  in  the  mock  as- 
sembly of  the  Consulate,  at  the  Peace  of  Amiens ; 
in  the  Chambers  of  the  Restoration  and  of  the 
Orleans  d>'nasty;  and  in  the  Assembly  of  the 
Republic  of  1848.  His  travels,  which  were  con- 
tinued to  the  last  year  of  his  life,  extend«>d  over 
great  part  of  Europe,  and  he  visited  America  as 
lately  as  1849,  and  Constantinople  when  the  Al- 
lied forces  were  assembled  in  the  Bo^phorus, 
although  then  in  his  87th  year.  He  was  the 
prime  mover  of  the  Act  to  which  the  town  of 
Bury  owes  so  much  improvement  during  the  last 
half  century,  and  under  which  he  was  last  sur- 
vivor of  the  appointed  Commissioners,  but  he 
seldom  appeared  before  the  public  on  political 
occasions.  In  the  profession  of  the  law,  ft-om 
which  he  had  retired  many  years,  be  had  great 
reputation.  In  private  life,  though  abrupt  in 
manner  and  absolute  in  temper,  and  therefore 
not  popular  with  those  who  did  not  fully  know 
him,  he  was  a  man  of  uncompromi><ing  integrity 
and  high  moral  worth— steady  in  his  friendships 
and  ready  in  good  offices  for  those  who  needed 
them ;  and  though  he  often  declined  to  join  in 
public  displays  of  charity,  many  were  his  sub- 
stantial bounties  which  never  saw  the  light. 
Mr.  Dalton  nmrried,  rather  late  in  life,  Miss 
Alexander,  niece  of  the  first  Earl  of  Caledon,  and 
aunt  to  Lord  Cran worth,  but  had  no  family. 
Two  sisters  survive  him. 

At  Horton,  Gloucestershire,  Elizabeth  Lumley, 
relict  of  Joseph  Lumley,  esq.,  of  Harlestone, 
Northamptonshire,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Robert 
Andrew,  esq.,  of  Harlestone-park. 

At  Berwick  St.  Johns,  Wilts,  aged  77,  Charlotte, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Downes,  Rector  of 
that  parish,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 
OrowB,  esq.,  of  Feme. 

At  Myrtle-cottage,  Fremington,  aged  83,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  Lieut. -Col.  Balcombe,  1st  Dragoon 
Guards. 

At  Hastings,  Jane,  wife  of  Thomas  Hazard, 
esq.,  Stoke  Ncwington,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  R.  W.  Porter,  esq.,  of  Ipswich. 


At  the  reddence  of  her  mother,  Weatfltrcet, 
Poole,  aged  24,  Mary  Ann  ChorchiU,  dan.  of 
James  Churchill,  esq.,  formerly  tofwn-clerk  of 
Poole. 

At  Thome,  aged  3,  Eleanor  NioholBoa,  dan.  of 
George  Kenyon,  esq.,  solicitor. 

In  Duke-street,  Bath,  aged  79,  Adm.  Charlea 
Gordon,  C.  B.,  brother  of  the  late  Admiral 
Henry  Gordon.  The  deceased  was  educated 
at  the  Royal  Naval  Academy,  and  entered  the 
service  as  midshipman  in  June  1796.  For  three 
years  he  was  siguhl  offleer  to  Adm.  the  Hon. 
William  Comwallis,  in  command  of  the  Channel 
fleet.  He  was  then  appdnted  to  the  command 
of  the  "  St.  Lucia*'  sloop,  off  Antis^na,  and  re- 
mained in  it  until  May  1807,  when  ba  had  th» 
misfortune  to  he  captured.  He  was  afterwards 
appointed  to  the  *'  Caroline,'*  36,  one  (rf  the  squa- 
dron employed  in  the  destruction,  durlBf  Not. 

1809,  of  more  than  eighty  piratical  reasels  at 
Ras-al-Khyma  and  other  ports  in  the  Persian 
Gulf,  rendering  the  most  effeetual  asriatance  to 
his  senior  officer,  Capt.  Wainwright.  He  next 
commanded  the  **  Ceylon,"  an  adopted  Indiaman, 
of  40  guns,  in  which  vessel  he  fought.  In  Sept. 

1810,  a  gallant  night  action  off  the  Isle  of  France 
with  the  French  ships  "  Venus,"  44  gnus,  and 
**  Victor,"  16  guns.  Captain  Gordon  was  among 
the  wounded,  and  owing  to  his  diip  beinf  dis- 
abled by  the  enemy,  he  was  compelled  to  sur- 
render to  them.  The  '*  Ceylon"  was,  however, 
retaken  the  same  day  by  the  "Boadicea**  and 
the  **  Otter"  brig.  Capt.  Gordon  and  bis  erew 
were  afterwards  honourably  acqoited  by  a  eooit- 
martial  of  all  blame.  Sinoe  then  the  gaUant  de- 
ceased had  been  on  half-pay.  In  1840  be  was 
made  a  Companion  of  the  Order  of  the  Batb. 
The  late  Admiral's  commissions  bore  date  as 
follows  :—Lient.,  March  11,  180S;  Ootnomader, 
May  20,  1806 ;  Capt,  Dec.  21, 1807  ;  Bcar-Adm., 
Nov.  23,  1841 ;  Vioe-Adm.,  Dec  17,  ISftS;  Admi- 
ral,  Jan.  20,  1858. 

Oct.  3.  At  his  residence.  El  Retiro,  Camdeii- 
hill,  Kensington,  aged  80,  Alfred  Edward  Cbaloa, 
R.A.,  portrait-painter  to  Her  Mi^esty,  Hooaawy 
Member  of  the  Society  of  Arts  of  Genera,  and 
Member  of  the  Bodety  of  Arts  in  London. 

After  a  short  illness,  aged  87,  HenrjC  Movnt, 
esq.,  of  Chippenham,  second  sanririnf  eon  of 
William  Moimt,  esq.,  of  Canterbnry. 

At  Baynton-honse,  Wilts,  Boee  Bvrtyn  8taait» 
youngest  dan.  of  Robert  Alexander  Cochrane^ 
esq. 

At  Bray,  Ireland,  Rir  WilUam  B.  ftmbic.  bat., 
formerly  of  the  2Srd  Royal  Wdsb  FAsUera. 

Oct.  4.  At  Clifton,  aged  00,  BeiOamlB  Peyton 
Sadler,  esq.,  R.N. 

At  Cleveland-row,  St  JaBiHiPi>  aged  7$,  Joetpb 
Sanders,  esq.. 

Aged  67,  Joseph  Hewlett,  esq.,  iolieltar,  of 
Kirton-in-Undsey. 

At  hii  residence.  White  Hart-lana^  TOttenlun, 
G.  A.  Cottrell,  ewi.,  late  Aeooontant-Ocn.  of 
H.M.'s  Inland  Revenue. 

Oct.  5.  At  Woolwich,  aged  Aft,  GbarleaOHqpejr, 
esq.,  Inspector-Gen.  of  Ho^dtala. 

At  Torquay,  Franeet  SoMBMb, 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


e65 


of  George  Burdon,  esq., of  Heddon-hoose,  North- 
umberland. 

Aged  39,  Margaret  Anne,  wife  of  Henry  Hod- 
son,  esq.,  of  Gipton-lodge,  near  Leeds,  and  eldest 
dau.  of  William  Harland,  esq.,  M.D.,  of  Scar- 
borough. 

At  Southampton,  aged  93,  Mr.  Robert  Duncan. 
He  was  present  at  Lord  Howe's  victory  over  the 
French  fleet  on  the  **  glorious  1st  of  June," 
1794. 

At  Castle  Camps,  Carabs.,  aged  74,  Jemima, 
-wife  of  the  Rev.  £.  A.  Marsh,  formerly  of  Cook- 
field. 

At  Lowestoft,  aged  58,  Joseph  Gee,  esq.,  of 
Cottingham  and  Evethorpe. 

At  her  grandfather's,  Lougparish,  Hampshire, 
Emma  Elizubeth,  eldest  child  of  Capt.  Charles 
Thompson,  of  the  Indian  Army. 

At  Ostend,  after  a  short  illness,  aged  55,  Mat- 
thew Uzielli,  esq.,  of  Hanover-lodge,  Regent's- 
park.  The  deceased  was  of  very  humble  origin, 
but  his  financial  talent  was  soon  discovered  in 
the  French  house  of  Devauz  and  Co.,  of  London* 
which  he  entered  in  early  life  as  a  clerk,  so  that 
he  became  in  due  time  a  partner  in  the  firm  :  he 
was  also  a  director  in  the  South  Western,  in  the 
Luxembourg,  and  in  several  other  railwajrs. 

At  Broseley,  Salop,  Mr.  Richard  Thursfield, 
jun.,  late  Commoner  of  Christchurch,  Oxford. 

In  Holles-st.,  Cavendish-sq.,  Wm  Horwood, 
esq.,  M.D.,  of  Ridware,  Staffordshire,  for  many 
years  a  Justice  of  the  peace  for  that  oonnty. 

At  her  reeideoce,  Orosvenor-^te,  Park-lane, 
Louisa  Catherine,  wife  of  Sir  John  William  Fisher, 
and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Haymes,  esq. 
of  Kibworth  Harcourt,  Leicestersh. 

Oct.  6.  Eliza,  wife  of  Willington  Clark,  esq., 
of  Sutton,  Surrey. 

At  the  Heath,  Weybridge,  aged  68,  Sarah, 
widow  of  David  J  irdine,  esq.,  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  barrister-at-law,  and  of  Cumberland- 
terr.,  Rcgent's-park,  having  survived  her  hns- 
bund  only  three  weeks  and  two  days. 

At  Hazeldine  -  house,  Redmarley,  aged  60, 
Maj.-Gen.  Sir  Henry  Gee  Roberts,  K.C.B.,  of 
II.M.'s  Bombay  Army.  The  deceased  was  the 
second  son  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  Roberts,  of  Glouoes- 
U-r,  and  was  bom  in  1800.  He  entered  the  mili- 
tary service  of  the  East  India  Company  in  1818, 
in  the  Bombay  establishment,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  Major-Gen.  in  1854 ;  he  was  also  Col.  of 
the  21 8t  Rcgt.  of  Native  Infantry.  He  married, 
in  1838,  Julia  Maria,  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Roikes,  Rector  of  Longhope,  Gloucestershire,  by 
whom  he  has  left  a  family. 

At  Dover,  aged  60,  Guy  Qoelin,  esq.,  Royal 
Engineers*  Department. 

At  Clifton-pk.,  Birkenhead,  aged  34,  Charlotte, 
youngest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Comm.  O.  S. 
Parsons,  R.N. 

At  his  residence.  Hale,  near  Stamford,  Lincola- 
shire,  aged  66,  Humphrey  Orme,  esq.,  of  Hala, 
Lincolnshire,  Doddington,  Cambs.,  and  Pole- 
brook,  Notts.,  the  last  of  an  ancient  family,  son 
and  heir  of  Walden  Orme,  e^q.,  of  Peterborough, 
and  18ih  in  direct  descent  fr  ftavd  I.    H« 

was  formerly  an  officer  in  t  Dra- 


goons, with  which  regiment  he  served  in  the 
actions  of  Quatre  Bras,  Genappe,  and  Waterloo. 

At  Paris,  M.  de  Lourdoueix,  the  chief  editor 
of  the  Gazette,  and  one  of  the  oldest  members  of 
the  Parisian  press. 

Oct.  7.  At  her  reridenoe,  Bemagh,  oo.  Tyrone, 
aged  86,  Catherine  Ann,  relict  of  the  Hon.  Yesey 
Knox,  second  son  of  the  first  Visoount  North- 
land, and  brother  and  uncle  to  the  successive 
Earls  Ranfurly.  This  lady  was  the  eldest  and 
last  surviving  dau.  of  Major-Oen.  Gisbome,  of 
Derbyshire,  of  whom  mention  is  made  in  **  Jn- 
nius's  Letters."  He  was  Governor  of  Charle- 
mont  Fort,  and  for  some  time  Deputy  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  the  Forces  in  Ireland.  The 
second  daughter  married  Ma^or  Burke,  of  Fahie, 
oo.  Galway,  many  years  hebSpresnmptive  to  the 
earldom  of  Clanricarde;  and  the  third,  Mr. 
Gordon  of  Belfast. 

At  Leamington,  aged  77,  Sarah  Elixa,  relict  of 
T.  C.  Cann,  esq.,  of  Bath,  and  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Rd.  Litchfield,  esq.,  of  Great  Torrinerton. 

Hugh  Octavins  Barten,  youngest  son  of  the 
Rev.  G.  H.  Parminter,  Rector  of  St.  John  and 
St.  George,  Exeter. 

Aged  85,  Richard  West,  esq.,  of  Lady-well, 
Lewisham,  Kent. 

At  Garendon-pork,  aged  17,  Mary,  fourth  dan. 
of  Ambrose  Lisle  Phillipps,  esq. 

At  Bndleigh  Salterton,  aged  89,  Mr.  Charlea 
Pcrriam. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  66,  Elisa,  relict  of  Samuel 
Williams,  esq.,  solicitor. 

At  Brighton,  aged  78,  Jane,  wife  of  the  Hon. 
Archibald  Macdonald,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Duncan  Campbell,  esq.,  of  Ardneave,  Island  of 
Islay,  N.B. 

At  Leamington,  aged  78,  Sarah  Eliza,  widow 
of  Thomas  Croxall  Cam,  nq.,  surgeon,  of  Bath. 

Oct.  8.  Aged  24,  Kate,  wife  of  W.  Loey,  esq. 
surgeon.  Fenny  Stratford. 

At  Veiitnor,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  8i  William 
Thomas  Holme  Barrow,  esq.,  mrgeon.  Settle, 
Yorkshire. 

In  Gay-st,  Bath,  Lieat.-Col.  Spenoe,  C.B., 
late  of  the  Slst  Regt.  He  was  present  with  his 
regiment  in  the  action  of  Stnola,  near  Genoa,  on 
the  13th  of  April,  1814,  and  also  at  the  surrender 
of  Corsica  in  the  same  year.  In  1815  he  served 
with  the  army  in  Naples.  In  1825  he  sailed  for 
India,  in  the  ship  "Kent,"  but  the  vessel  was 
burnt  ia  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  and  he  was  obliged 
to  return.  He  subsequently  reached  that  country, 
and  commanded  the  Slst  Regiment  at  the  bat- 
tles of  Moodkee  (soon  after  its  oommenoement), 
Fenneshah  (fJor  which  he  was  appointed  a  Com- 
panion of  the  Bath),  Buddiwal  and  Aliwal,  and 
the  Ist  Brigade  of  Sir  Harry  Smith's  division  at 
the  battle  of  Sobraon,  and  he  was  one  of  only  five 
officers  out  of  thirty  who  escaped  being  wounded 
in  all  these  actions.  At  Feroseshah  and  at  BO' 
bracn  he  had  his  hone  shot  under  him.  He  had 
received  the  war-medal  and  three  clasps. 

Oct.  9.  Very  suddenly,  (whilst  on  a  visit  at  the 
residence  of  Robt.  Milligan,  esq.,  of  Acacia,) 
Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Forbes,  esq.,  of  Harrogate. 

At  HarrogBta,  aged  86,  J.  G.  P«Iey,  esq.,  of 


566 


Obituary. 


[Nov. 


Oatlands  and  Langcliffe,  Yorkshire,  many  years 
deputy-lieut.  and  magistrate  of  the  West  Riding. 

At  Leamington,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Taylor 
Combe,  esq.,  F.R.S.,  of  the  British  Museum. 

In  Guildford-road,  South  Lambeth,  aged  59, 
Robert  Hughes,  esq.,  of  the  Admiralty  ;  also,  on 
the  12th,  aged  53,  Ke/.ia,  wife  of  the  above. 

At  Ballinasloe,  aged  76,  Charles  De  la  Garde, 
esq.,  formerly  Colonel  of  the  East  Jersey  Militia. 

At  Forest-green -house,  near  Dorking,  aged 
26,  Holland,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Grabum, 
esq.,  of  that  place. 

At  Staunton,  near  Coleford,  aged  35,  Annie, 
■wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Dowding,  of  Lytham, 
Lancashire. 

At  Brough,  aged  80,  Ann,  relict  of  Mr.  Thos. 
Jaques,  late  of  Warwicks,  near  Howden. 

Oct.  10.  At  Hounslow,  aged  66,  lieut-Col. 
James  Ward,  formerly  of  Jamaica. 

At  Kilmore,  co.  Wexford,  (the  residence  of 
Lieut.  Sullivan,  R.N.,  his  son-in-law,)  William 
Empson,  esq.,  formerly  of  North  Molton,  Devon. 

At  Southport,  aged  52,  the  Rev.  George  E.  W. 
Davison,  B.A.,  of  Haddlcsey-house,  near  Sclby. 

At  Shipley,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Matthews,  relict  of 
Leonard  Matthews,  formerly  of  Dan-hill,  Thake- 
ham,  SusHex. 

Aged  80,  Fred.  Perkins,  esq.,  of  Chipstead-pl. 

At  Cliftonvjlle,  near  Brighton,  Mary,  relict  of 
F.  W.  Stanford,  esq.,  formerly  of  the  1st  Life 
Guards,  and  mother  of  J.  F.  Stanford,  esq.,  of 
Foley-house,  Portland- pi  ace. 

Oct.  11.  At  his  residence,  Brecknock-cres., 
aged  79,  J.  Shaw,  esq.,  upwards  of  fifty  years 
with  Messrs.  Goslings  and  Sharpe,  Fleet-st. 

Oct.  12.  Suddenly,  at  Shaftesbury-villas, 
Kensington,  aged  39,  Capt.  John  Andrew  Pope, 
Paj-master  67th  Regt. 

At  Clifton,  aged  83,  Matilda  Jorden,  wife  of 
John  Eydc  Manning,  esq. 

Oct.  13.  At  Taunton,  Charles  Lindsey,  esq., 
of  St.  George's-villas,  Compton-road,  Canonbury, 
and  Wood-st.,  Cbeapside,  London. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  suddenly,  Ann  Octa- 
via,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Alford, 
M.A.,  of  Healc-house,  near  Langport,  Somerset. 

At  Wraysbury,  aged  32,  Agnes  Mary,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Seymour  Neville. 

At  Broncote,  near  Stafford,  aged  73,  Thomas 
Ilartshorne,  esq.,  for  many  years  an  active 
magistrate  and  deputy-lieutenant  for  the  coimty. 

In  Dcvonshire-pl.  W.,  aged  75,  Elizab'th 
Henshaw.  She  lived  forty-three  years  respected 
and  beloved  in  the  service  and  friend^ihip  of  the 
late  Lady  Elizabeth  Reyne'l  and  her  children. 

Oct.  14.  At  Newick-park,  Sussex,  the  Lady 
Catherine  Saunderj«on.  Iler  ladyship  was  second 
djtu.  and  fourth  child  of  the  Hon.  John  Crichton, 
colonel  in  the  army,  and  Governor  of  Hurst 
Castle,  {second  son  of  John,  first  Earl  of  Erne,) 
who  died  in  1833.  In  1842,  on  the  death  of 
Abraham,  second  Earl  of  Erne,  the  eldest  son  of 
Colonel  Crichton  succeeded  to  the  title,  and  is 
the  present  Earl,  and  shortly  afterwards  his 
brothers  and  sisters  were  raised  to  the  precedency 
of  Earls'  children.  Lady  Catherine  had,  in  1825, 
married  the  Rev.  Francis  Saundcrson. 

14 


Aged  19,  at  Melton  Mowbray,  Mr.  John  Webb 
Hickson,  senior  Grecian,  Christ's  Hospital, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  C.  Hickson,  B.A., 
formerly  Curate  of  Romsey,  Hants. 

At  Brompton,  aged  S7,  Mr.  Robert  Calvert. 

Aged  55,  J.  King,  esq.,  surgeon,  of  Helmsley. 

Oct.  15.  At  Headingley-hill,  near  Leeds,  aged 
77,  John  Ellershaw,  esq. 

At  Ventnor,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  68,  Mr.  John 
Clifford,  of  Nottingham. 

In  the  Grey  Friars,  Gloucestershire,  aged  89, 
James  Wintle,  esq.,  formerly  of  Saint  Bridge, 
near  Gloucester,  for  many  years  a  deputy-lieu- 
tenant and  magistrate  for  Gloucestershire. 

Oct.  16.  Aged  89,  John  Mirfin,  esq.,  formerly 
of  Doncaster. 

At  Lower  Clapton,  James,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  James  Kimber,  esq.,  of  London. 

At  South  Croxton  Rectory,  aged  85,  Miss 
Bridget  Clough,  aunt  of  the  Rev.  John  and 
Mrs.  Wilkinson. 

At  Betchworth-house,  Surrey,  aged  68,  Caro- 
line Eliza,  wife  of  John  Richmond  JafRray,  esq., 
of  Eaton-sq.,  and  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Woodriff,  R.N. 

At  Boulogne,  Lady  Kinnicr  Macdonald,  widow 
of  the  late  Sir  John  Kinnier  Macdonald,  of  Sanda. 

At  Midhurst,  aged  82,  Miss  Winter. 

At  Wylam,  aged  84,  Mr.  Jonathan  Forster. 
His  services  at  that  colliery  as  engineer  for  three 
generations  of  the  Blackett  family  extended  over 
a  period  of  fifty  years.  He  was  engineer  there 
when  the  locomotive  was  first  introduced  ;  and 
his  practical  knowledge  was  at  all  times  tnelj 
at  the  service  of  his  intimate  acquaintance,  the 
late  George  Stephenson. 

Oct.  17.  At  the  Vicarage,  Dunsford,  aged  79, 
Anna  Maria,  widow  of  Baldwin  Fulford,  esq.,  of 
Fulford,  Devonshire. 

At  her  residence,  8t  Giles's,  Oxford,  Catherine, 
relict  of  Anthony  Grayson,  D.D.,  Principal  of 
St.  Edmund  Hall. 

Oct.  18.  In  Grafton-et.,  aged  61,  the  Right 
Hon.  La^y  Downes. 

At  Higham-hall,  Essex,  David  Baird,  esq.,  of 
Stichill. 

In  Tufnell-park-terrace,  Upper  HoUoway,  aged 
37,  Capt.  James  William  Cottell,  of  H.M.*8  Bom- 
bay Army. 

Oct.  19.  At  Alton-house,  Highbury  New-pk., 
James  Pollock,  eldest  son  of  John  Kilpatrick,  esq. 

At  Sevenoaks,  Kent,  aged  54,  R.  £.  Adams, 
esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  lute  Capt.  Adams,  R.N. 

Oct.  20.  At  Kensington,  Anne,  widow  of  T.  B. 
Bingley,  esq.,  Bengal  Horse  Artillery,  and  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  8ir  John  Horsford, 
K.C.B.,  Bengal  Artillery. 

At  Fulham,  aged  24,  Theodore,  eldest  son  of 
Theodore  and  Mary  Lockhart,  and  grandson  of 
the  late  James  Lockhart,  e<Ki. 

Oct.  21.  At  River,  near  Dover,  aged  G9,  Capt. 
Benjamin  Aplin,  R.N. 

At  Brompton,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Mary  Elicabetb, 
relict  of  Edward  James,  esq.,  of  Greenwich,  Kent. 

Oct.  22.  At  Beaminster,  Dorset,  aged  70, 
Samuel  Cox,  esq.,  Depnty-Lieut.,  and  upwards 
of  33  years  Magistrate  for  the  county. 


I860.] 


567 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  AND  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON 

(Ih>m  the  Eetums  issued  hf  the  Be^fistrar-Ghneral,) 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


BTJFEBIKTEin>EKT 
BEGISTBiJtS' 

Area 

in 

Statote 

Acres 

Popula- 
tion 
in 
1851. 

Deaths  in  Districts,  &c,,  in  the  Week 
ending  Saturday, 

DIBTBICT8. 

Sept. 

22. 

1860. 

Sept. 

29, 

1860. 

Oct. 

6. 

1860. 

Oct. 

18. 

1860. 

Oct. 

20. 

1860. 

Mean  Temperature 

55-0 

601 

51-9       46-8 

500 

London 

78029 

2362236 

1017 

1056 

1076  1  1008 

1116 

1-6.  West  Districts    . 

7-11.  North  Districts  . 

12-19.  Central  Districts 

20-25.  East  Districto     . 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

10786 

13583 

1938 

6230 

45542 

376427 
490896 
893256 
485522 
616685 

159 
188 
156 
217 
801 

193 
202 
143 
242 
276 

161 
211 
175 
289 
289 

135 
206 
147 
200 
811 

168 
193 
152 
279 
824 

Week  ending 
Saturday. 


Sept.  22 
,.        29 

Oct.  6 
13 
20 


f» 


t9 


Deaths  Registered. 


!^  9  « 

tj  «  «*5' 


S^ 


550 
589 
624 
552 
646 


'25 


o 

01 


143 
185 
120 
126 
140 


a  §j 


148 
163 
155 
163 
156 


8'^ 


140 
143 
140 
127 
143 


s| 


35 
26 
36 
30 
31 


I 


1016 
1056 
1075 
1008 
1116 


Births  Registered. 


$ 


859 
909 
982 
813 
989 


S 

■a 
§ 


811 
893 
884 
876 
861 


I 


1670 
1802 
1816 
1689 
1800 


PRICE  OP  CORN. 


Average  ^    Wheat, 
of  Six     >    #.    d. 
Weeks,  j    61     1 

Week  ending!  go     o 
Oct.  16.    f'''' 


Barley. 
«.    d. 
39  11 


Oats. 
«.  d. 
24    8 


Rye. 
«.  d. 
87    3 


Beans. 
«.  d. 
50  11 


Peas. 
«.  d. 
42    8 


I    41  11     I    24    2      I 


I    47    0      I     43    8 


PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Oct.  18. 

Hay,  21, 10«.  to  52.  ISs,  —  Straw,  II,  10*.  to  II,  16#.  —  Clover,  3/.  lOf.  to  01,  Of. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-MARKET. 
To  sink  the  Offiil — per  stone  of  Slbs. 


Beef 4f.  4rf.  to  4».  lOrf. 

Mutton 48,  6d.to^,    2d, 

Veal 3*.  id,  to  4^.    4d, 

Pork 4*.  Od.  to5*.    id. 

Lamb Of.  Oci.  to  Of .    Od. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Oct.  18. 

Beasts 1,170 

Sheep  and  Lambs  6.600 

Calves 89i^ 

Pigs : 140 


COAL-MARKET,  Oct.  22. 
Bedt  Wallsend.  per  ton.  19f.  ^,  to  21f .  Qd.    Other  sorts.  14f.  3<2.  to  17f .  Qd. 


METEOROLOOICU.  DIART,  bt  H.  OOULD,  Ute  W.  CAST,  181, 8TUini. 
Awa  September  24  to  Octoher  2S,  inebuiee. 


riiennameter.  ;IJarain 

■s-s 

I-- 

s 

ll 

Weather. 

«5 

ll 

§ 

u 

&s 

-hZ 

'Sh 

kB 

X'A 

Sept 

= 

s 

in. 

pt«. 

S.pt 

* 

o 

o 

[n.  pts. 

sri 

J)H 

4ft 

in 

:ly.feir,tij.rn. 

w 

f.il 

43 

29.   97 

2S 

+4 

5» 

4« 

aft. 

tit 

rain,  cloudv 

10 

45 

4fi 

(iS 

2.9,   M 

do.  rain,  fair 

«(i 

Wl 

SH 

sa 

7a 

do.  cly.  hy.  ra, 

11 

45 

41; 

m 

as.  46 

do.  bvy.  rain 

W7 

fi« 

Ha 

fifi 

fH 

dy,  fr.  ni.  cly. 

is 

art 

47 

4;t 

39.    8! 

YH 

fir. 

Fi4 

2H. 

(ill 

ay.m.dy.m 

Mt 

4ti 

54 

54 

SH 

-IH 

(^<i 

fii 

^. 

h: 

cidy.  do.  do. 

14 

fiK 

5K 

29.    6( 

do.  oldj.  fair 

wt 

!<fl 

RK 

10 

(1! 

fiiir,  cloody 

1ft 

4H 

ftft 

5ft 

29.    66 

0.1 

Wl 

fift 

Sn 

TO 

ifi 

lt> 

fiS 

h'l 

4« 

29.    66 

cloudy,  rain 

« 

4H 

(in 

{.V, 

HO. 

ar 

do.  do. 

17 

AO 

5(1 

4.-. 

29.    6C 

lair 

H 

■4K 

AH 

fti^ 

■to 

m 

la.  da. 

1H 

5(1 

tW) 

50 

29.    57 

do. 

4 

'M 

HI" 

fill 

«). 

en 

io.  ruin,  cldj, 

111 

ft?l 

Rfi 

fi4 

29.    61 

b 

f;» 

6fl 

^n 

an 

clondy,  fBir 

Wl 

■t^ 

(V) 

4fl 

i9.    97 

« 

h-/ 

til 

-ifi 

1(1. 

a:i 

■/I 

■iM 

5V 

47 

30.    01 

Tair,  cloudv 

7 

51 

(iV 

f>fi 

«) 

IH 

r^ 

hft 

5H 

fit 

30.    03 

do.  do. 

8 

50 

5M 

44 

30. 

19 

do. 

ss 

56 

60 

ftS 

30.    04 

doudy,  rain 

DAILY  PMCE  OP  STOCKS. 


Btpt 

CrniwlB. 

SP«t 

Htw 

jr. 

Bink 

Bt«k. 

41.000.' 

iESf. 

iSl,000. 

'S"* 

24 
26 
26 
27 

28 
29 

93i     i 

98      i 

93      i 
93      i 

m  i 

93       i 
93i    i 
93      i 
9Si     i 
93       i 
92    3t 
92    3 

92  n 

92       ( 
92       i 
92      i 
92    3 
92      i 
92       i 
92     3 
92    3 
S2)  3 

Sbat 
Shut 
Shut 
SbDt 
Shot 

Shut 
Shut 
Shnt 
Shut 
Shot 

Shut 
Shnt 

par.  8  pm. 

par. 
par.  S  pm. 
par.  8  pm. 

3pI 

par.  Spin. 
8pin. 
I.  ipm. 
1.  4  pm. 

103 

108       t 
103*    * 
108 
103 
108 

103       i 
108       * 
103       * 
lOSI     * 
103       1 

217 

218 

6dii. 
Sdk. 

2 
3 

218 
220 

4dU 
G.ldU. 

5 
6 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
16 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
22 
23 

2.    6  pm. 
1.   4  pm. 
par.  4  pm. 

parlspn.; 

3  pin. 
par.  8  pm. 
par.  8  pm. 
par.  8  pm. 
par.  8  pm. 
par.  8  pm. 

l'^ 
2  pm. 

221 
220f 
219* 
2191 
219  19* 

1091     * 
1081     * 
108       1 
1031     j 
1031 
108* 
103       1 
108       * 

■"•,*r 

9:i   i 

9U    i 
9ii    k 
91      i 

91    i 

91       i 
91      i 

91*     * 
91i    i 

9U     i 

91*  i 

91* 
91i 
911 

9ii 

91* 
91i 
81i 
91! 
91  i 
9U 

9ii 

227*  29 
229    30 
228*30 
229  30* 
229*  31 

229  81 
229*  31 
229*  31 
281 
229*  31 

230  1 

219  20 

4dU. 
par. 

219 

221 
221 

220    1 
219*  21 

all 

4du. 
4di>. 

4di«. 

103       * 
108       i 
108*    1 
108 

108      1 

ALFRED  WHITMORK, 

Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

19,  Change  AJh^,  Li»din,  BXL 


COAT    ARMOUR    ASCRIBED   TO  OU  B    SAVIOUR. 


572  Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour.  [Dec. 

ceived  even  to  taint  the  blood:  so  that  the  free  and  the  enslaved  were 
forbidden  to  marry  together^, — in  some  states  under  pain  of  deaths — 
and  in  all,  the  issue  of  such  marriages  were  doomed  to  inherit  the  con- 
dition of  their  slave-born  parent*.     There  seemed  to  be  but  one  asylum 


^  Lex  Salica,  tit.  14,  cap.  6 :  '*  Si  quis  ingenans  ancillaxn  alienam  in  ooiyogiam  ac- 
ceperit,  ipse  cam  ca  in  servitiam  implioetur."  See  also  Georgiach  corp.  jor.  Qerm*  L  c 
p.  171. 

^  Lex  Bargundionum,  tit.  35,  §2:  "Si  iogenna  paella  volontarie  le  aervo  ocm- 
janxcrit,  atramqae  jubemas  ocddL" 

^  See  Strabcn,  Nehenstunden,  part  v.  p.  240.  The  rale  as  expreaaed  in  the  old 
language  was  "  Das  kind  folgt  der  aergem  band," — tliat  is  to  say.  The  issue  ahall  follow 
the  condition  of  the  hand  that  fixes  scandal  on  the  marriage.  Distaste  to  servitude 
was  carried  so  far,  amongst  the  ancient  German  free  races,  that  even  vnislnge  to  the 
emperor  himself  disqualified,  not  only  the  party  consenting  to  it,  but  also  his  issue, 
from  contracting  a  legal  marriage  with  any  perfectly  flree  family :  that  is  to  say,  if  an 
ingenuua  or  ptlre  freeman  took  land  in  fief  of  the  emperor,  or  any  one  else,  on  condition 
that  he  (the  tenant)  and  his  heirs  performed  certain  civil  services  to  the  lord  of  the 
fee,  such  as  grinding  his  corn,  supplying  him  with  bows  and  arrows,  fish  on  a  fast  day, 
&o.,  &c.,  this  sank  the  party  exposed  to  such  obligations  down  into  an  inferior  grade 
called  mitUlflreie,  or  mesne-freemen,  and  all  his  family  descended  with  him,  because 
each  of  them  was  exposed  to  the  contingency  of  being  his  heir.  He  and  all  his  fiunily 
thus  became  minitterialea  to  the  lord,  who,  if  he  mortgaged  the  fief,  might  have  in- 
cluded them  and  their  services  in  the  mortgage ;  neither  could  they  have  been  restored 
to  their  primitive  condition,  until  they  had  been  formally  emancipated.  It  must  be 
borne  in  mind,  however,  that  the  services  here  spoken  of  were  quite  distinct  fVom  any 
thing  in  the  nature  of  serriti«m  militare,  or  of  what  we  call  grand  tefjeni^i  tat  these 
infiicted  no  degradation.  They  were  rather  such  as  were  called,  with  us,  litile  setyeuty. 
This  is  a  point  of  old  feudal  law  worth  knowing ;  because  it  is  the  principle  from 
which  the  Continental  doctrine  of  mesalliance  has  sprung;  and  because  the  marriages 
of  English  with  members  of  the  Continental  aristocracy  are,  even  at  the  present  day, 
often  aficctcd  by  that  doctrine.  Let  me  therefore  exemplify  what  I  have  said  by  a 
case  in  point  The  family  of  Maliitz  is  one  of  the  moat  ancient  io  Germany^  and  may 
be  called  one  of  the  most  noble,  in  the  Continental  sense  of  the  word.  Bat  aa  it  had  no 
seat  and  voice  in  the  Diet,  and  as  it  consequently  ranked  inUr  nobilet  miuores^  I  shall 
here,  for  the  sake  of  avoiding  equivocal  terms,  call  it  a  family  of  gentle  birth.  Thii^ 
supposing  its  freedom  to  be  unabridg^  by  any  vassalage,  was  quite  enough  to  render 
it  competent  to  intermarry  with  the  very  highest  families  of  the  German  arist'^^racy ; 
and,  in  fact,  a  marriage  took  place  between  one  of  its  members^  Elisabeth  of  Maltiti, 
and  the  Markgrave  Henry  of  Meissen,  in  the  year  1272.  These  parties  had  iaaoe;  and 
then  it  was  discovered  that  the  family  of  Maltitz  was  not  quite  so  jftee  as  was  irn- 
agincd ;  and  that  it  owed  some  sort  of  ministerial  service  to  the  emperor.  To  a*%ve  the 
issue,  therefore,  from  following  the  condition  of  their  mother,  a  letter  of  emancipatioB 
was  obtained  in  1278,  from  Rudolph  of  Hapsburg,  then  emperor,  in  which  be  deelam 
the  existing  and  f\iture  issue  of  the  marriage  to  be  "  as  noble  and  J¥m  as  if  they  had 
been  bom  of  Bfive  mother."  The  words  of  the  original  document  are  vwy  remarkaUe : 
after  reciting  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  the  emperor  discharges  the  mother  and 
her  issue  of  service  in  these  words,  "  Ab  omni  tennlis  leu  mtinisierialu  <*m4itionii 
rcspectu  de  plenitudine  regis  potestatis  eximimus,  et  ipaoa  imgmtmtatu  ae  l^eri  partns 
honore  ot  titulo  perpetuo  insignimus ;  volentes  eos  sic  semper  in  antea  in  ii^nmormm 
et  nobilium  sorte  et  numero  reccnseri,  ac  ri  de  ventre  lib^ro  naii  easent*"  Ae.,  Ac  The 
letter  of  emancipation  may  be  found,  at  full  length,  in  WeA's  Bmekfwiku^g  der  Simdi 


I860.]  Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour.  573 

into  which  the  slave  could  fly  from  the  oppressors'  contumely.  This  was 
the  Church.  But  even  here  he  did  not  quite  escape.  The  free-born  priests 
appear  to  have  regarded  him  as  an  inferior  being,  whom  no  consecration 
could  purify  or  render  worthy  of  officiating  at  the  same  altars  as  them- 
selves. So  strong  was  this  feeling,  that  some  of  the  more  important  of  the 
religious  foundations  admitted  to  their  fraternity  only  such  as  were  free. 

In  this  we  may  see  the  origin  of  the  noble  Chapters  of  Germany. 

Time  went  on.  Many  slaves  had  been  emancipated.  Many  had  run 
away  from  their  masters  into  neighbouring  cities,  and  obtained  their  civic 
rights  and  the  sort  of  freedom  which  was  the  consequence  of  such  an 
acquisition.  These  were  called  by  the  laws  of  the  time  liberti  and  gefreite, 
(that  is  to  say,yretfif-men,)  to  distinguish  them  from  the  liberie  or  free-men®. 

As  may  be  supposed,  the  parties  exposed  to  a  distinction  so  invidious 
endeavoured  to  escape  from  it,  especially  in  the  cities',  where  the  bur- 
gesses, for  this  purpose,  called  themselves  freigeborne  and  freie^  that  is 
to  say,  freeborn-men  and  free-men. 

The  obstinately-continued  usurpation  of  a  multitude  is  generally  success- 
ful when  unopposed  by  a  greater  multitude.  So  it  was  with  the  burgesses ; 
for  in  the  fourteenth  century  one  finds  them  designated  by  the  terms  Jtm 
?iud  freigeborne,  even  in  the  Imperial  chancery. 


I>resd€ny  p.  159.  By  this  one  sees  tliat  the  competency  of  a  person  to  intermarry  with 
the  high  nobility  of  the  empire  was  ascertained  by  the  fact  of  his  being  entitled  to  be 
called  ingenwM ;  and  if  he  were  so  entitled,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been  necessary 
that  he  should  have  been  a  native  of  the  empire.  Indeed,  this  seems  to  have  been 
decided,  long  afterwards,  in  the  case  of  Prince  John  of  Nassan-Siegen,  who,  in  1669, 
married  Eugenie  de  la  Serre,  the  daughter  of  a  French  gentleman  of  blood  and 
ancestry,  and  the  marriage  was  judicially  declared  valid  in  Sept.  1723.  See  Moser'a 
StaaUrechty  part  xix.  pp.  203 — 207. 

*  A  similar  distinction  obtained  until  recently  in  New  South  Wales,  between  the 
few  colonists  and  the  numerous  emancipated  convicts, — they  were  styled  "  free"  and 

freed," — and  the  descendants  of  each  were,  in  popular  phrase  at  least,  known  aa 

Sterling"  and  "  Currency."  With  the  cessation  of  transportation,  these  class  dis- 
tinctions are  dying  out,  and  even  while  they  existed  in  ftdl  force,  the  convicts,  whether 
with  tickets-of-leave  or  without,  made  themselves  some  amends  by  pertinaciously 
refusing  that  appellation,  and  in  intercourse  with  everybody  except  the  police,  insisting 
on  being  styled  "  the  Government  people."  Intending  purchasers  of  land  are  known 
to  have  gained  "  ample  measure"  by  humouring  this  fancy  of  the  Crovm  surveyor's 
field  gangs. 

'  It  seems  generally  admitted  that  when  Henry  the  Fowler  founded  the  German 
cities,  he  induced  some  of  the  firee  races  to  settle  there.  Others  afterwards  followed 
their  example,  and  as  a  reward  for  uniting  themselves  with  the  communities,  received 
offices  of  magistracy.  These  were  afterwards  called  patricians,  and  their  posterity 
claimed  the  right  of  ranking  themselves  with  the  other  free  &milie8  of  the  empire. 
But  the  latter  regarded  them  as  willing  participators  in  the  condition  of  enfranchised 
slaves,  had  an  utter  contempt  for  them,  refused  to  receive  them  at  tournaments, 
and  even  in  1754,  when  M.  de  Pfefiel  wrote  his  Ahrege  de  VHistaire  d^Allemagne, 
refused  to  recognise  their  cUim.     See  that  work,  p.  76. 


it 


574  Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour.  (Dec. 

This  naturally  tended  to  confound  the  descendants  of  the  ori^nal]y  free 
families  with  those  of  the  emancipated  slaves,  and  placed  the  former  in  a 
'  false  position ;  for  it  mixed  them  up,  nominally,  with  their  inferiors.  It 
also  enahled  the  emancipated  slave  and  his  issue  to  pretend  that,  in  his 
capacity  o(  freeman,  he  was  qualified  to  enter  the  Chapters,  from  which 
slaves  were  excluded.  We  must  not,  therefore,  be  surprised  to  find  in 
ancient  charters  and  books  of  jurisprudence  technical  terms  such  as 
semperliberi  8,  liberi  puri,  immer/reie,  volligfreiey  and  the  like,  employed 
to  distinguish  those  races  who  were  free  from  the  beginning.  But  this 
was  not  all.  To  save  themselves  from  commixture  with  those  of  a  slavish 
origin,  the  militares  and  free  families  of  the  second  class  took  the  appella- 
tive of  those  of  the  first,  i.e.  adelige  or  nobiles  ;  and  those  of  the  first  class, 
to  save  their  rank,  called  themselves  erlauche^  or  illuetree^ :  so  that  in  the 
fourteenth  century  we  find  ^  illustrious'  to  be  the  distinguishing  epithet  of 
the  peerage  or  nobility  with  hereditary  seat  and  voice  in  the  Diet,  (called 
in  the  law-books  hoheadel  and  nobiles  majores,)  adelige  to  be  that  of  such 
as  had  no  parliamentary  privilege,  and  were  termed  in  the  books  nieder" 
adel  or  nobiles  minor es,  ?indfreie,  the  old-fashioned  distinguishing  epithet 
of  the  most  ancient  and  noble  races,  conceded  to  the  burgesses  and  en- 
franchised peasants. 

We  have  been  the  more  particular  in  stating  these  facts,  because  they 
are  not  only  elucidatory  of  my  subject,  but  because  they  appear  to  have 
escaped  the  notice  of  every  English  author  who  has  treated  on  the  state 
of  the  ancient  empire. 

Long  before  this  change  became  established,  the  Chapters  had  altered 
their  ancient  statutes.  Formerly  it  was  sufiBicient  that  the  candidate 
should  be  a  freeman,  because  tlie  word  then  meant  a  man  whose  an- 
cestors had  always  been  free.  Now,  however,  that  the  signification  of 
the  word  had  been  altered,  they  required  more.  A  rule  was  made  that 
no  man  should  be  admitted  to  their  body  who  could  not  prove  himself  to 
be  descended  from  four  grand-parents  each  of  whom  was  of  free  race. 
The  proof  of  this  was  the  production  of  their  family  armorial  bearings ; 
for,  during  some  centuries  after  the  introduction  of  heraldry  into  Ger- 
many, none  but  those  families  who  belonged  at  least  to  the  Equestrian 


'  The  term  semperliberi,  or  setnperfreie,  as  it  is  called  in  Oerman,  it  asnilly  applied 
to  the  families  who  had  formerly  seut  and  voice  in  the  Diet.  Bat  the  oonreciiieai  of 
tbU  application  may  be  doabted ;  because  there  were  some  of  them,  like  that  of  Fagger 
of  Augsburg,  who  were  sprung  from  ennobled  plebeians^  whereas  many  ftmiliw  of  the 
Equestrian  order  were  free  from  the  b«  ginning. 

^  See  Dantz,  Privat-Recht,  vol.  iii.  p.  212.  The  time  when  thk  change  took  place 
has  ncvir  been  precisely  ascertained ;  but  it  b  thought  to  have  happened  aboat  the 
end  of  the  fourteenth  century,  probably  soon  after  the  cities  acqvdred  the  right  of 
calling  themselves  free  cities,  which  seems  to  have  been  about  the  year  1850. 
rfcfTors  Abrege  de  I'Uuttoire  (TMlematjne,  p.  2U7. 


I860.]  Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour.  575 

order  had  the  privilege  of  wearing  arms^:  and  this  was  called  proving 
four  quarters. 

It  need  scarcely  be  said  that  when  the  free  families  of  the  second  class 
assumed  the  epithet  nohilis,  these  Chapters  did  not  neglect  to  apply  it  to 
themselves  in  their  corporate  capacities;  so  that  afterwards  it  became 
commonly  understood  that  no  man  could  be  a  canon  of  Treves,  Mayence, 
Cologne,  and  other  similar  establishments,  unless  he  were  a  nobleman  of 
four  quarters ;  that  is  to  say,  what  the  French  called  gentilhomme  de  nan 
et  d'armesy  and  what  we  called  a  gentleman  of  blood  and  ancestry  ^. 

£ut  even  this  precaution  did  not  preserve  the  Chapters  immaculate.  The 
emperors  had  in  the  meantime  found  out  a  way  of  making  people  noble  by 
diploma  or  bull.  These,  as  may  be  easily  imagined,  were  at  first  laughed 
to  scorn  by  the  Equestrian  order ;  but  their  nobility  was  nevertheless  held 
to  be  good,  although  inferior  to  that  of  the  ancient  races  derived  from  their 
original  freedom.  It  could  not,  indeed,  qualify  the  possessor  for  admission 
into  the  noble  Chapters ;  but  it  led  to  a  mode  for  facilitating  the  admission 
of  his  children.  If,  for  instance,  a  new  made  noble  married  a  woman  of 
ancient  race,  (or  vice  versa,)  the  issue  of  the  marriage  would  be  entitled  to 
three  escutcheons,  viz.  that  of  the  newly  ennobled  parent,  and  those  of  the 
father  and  mother  of  the  parent  of  ancient  family.  In  such  a  case  the 
emperor  claimed  the  privilege  of  completing  the  qualification  by  granting 
to  a  meritorious  candidate  the  fourth  escutcheon,  which  was  wanting  to 
make  up  the  requisite  number.  This  of  course  led  to  abuses;  and  the 
Chapters,  therefore,  raised  a  new  barrier,  by  declaring  that  no  one  should 
be  received  into  their  fraternity  who  could  not  prove  sixteen  quarters, 
that  is  to  say,  a  descent  during  four  generations  from  ancestors  each  of 
which  was  on  both  sides,  paternal  and  maternal,  of  ancient  and  free  race. 

It  was  at  a  period  when  this  qualification  was  most  strictly  insisted  on, 
that  Martin  Luther  came  before  the  world,  and  with  him  the  Reformation. 
Amongst  some  theses  which  he  published,,  at  the  commencement  of  his 
quarrel  with  Albert  de  Magdeburg,  Archbishop  of  Mayence,  was  one  (at 
least  so  the  story  goes)  which  started  a  singular  question  for  discussion, 
namely,  whether  Jesus  Christ,  at  His  second  advent,  could  be  received  as 
canon  of  a  noble  Chapter  in  case  He  should  ofi^er  Himself  as  a  candidate  for 
that  honour.     The  question  is  said  to  have  excited  great  interest  amongst 

'  See  WappenheUuiigung,  von  S.  W.  Otter,  stiick  vii.  p.  7,  ed.  Augsburg,  1761. 

^  According  to  the  old  authorities,  a  gentleman  of  blood  and  ancestry  in  England 
needed  nothing  but  simple  freedom  on  his  maternal  side, — that  is  to  say,  his  mother 
might  have  been  the  daughter  of  a  yeoman  or  firee  burgess.  Bot  Mr.  Fosbroke  says, 
that  about  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth  his  mother  and  gprandmother  were  required 
to  be  gentlefolks  as  well  as  his  father  and  grandfather.  See  Arch.,  voL  i.  p.  863. 
Perliaps  he  may  mean  the  gentleman  of  blood  and  ancestry  who  was  qualified  to  be 
a  knight  of  the  Garter  or  of  the  British  Language  of  the  Order  of  Malta;  for  both  of 
these  institutions  required  their  members  to  be  able  to  prove  four  quarters. 


576 


Coat  Armour  ascribed  to  Our  Saviour. 


[Dec. 


the  privileged  orders,  and  to  have  travelled  even  to  Spain,  where  it  led  to 
another,  viz.  whether  the  Virgin  Mary  could  be  received  into  community 
with  the  Orders  reserved  for  ladies  of  gentle  birth.  The  point  was,  ac- 
cording to  report,  seriously  mooted  amongst  the  noble  sisterhood,  and  a 
doubtful  judgment  given  rather  unfavourable  to  the  Virgin.  The  canons 
of  the  German  Chapters,  however,  arranged  their  afiair  iu  another  manner. 
A  sort  of  gordian  knot  had  been  presented  to  them ;  and  feeling  them- 
selves, perhaps,  unable  to  untie  it,  they  cut  it  asunder  by  assigning  to 
our  Saviour  a  regular  escutcheon  of  sixteen  quarters.  Escutcheons  of  this 
kind  were  formerly  to  be  found  hanging  in  most  of  the  cathedrals  whose 
Chapters  required  gentilitial  qualifications.  But  to  give  the  Messiah  an 
escutcheon  was  not  enough.  They  gave  Him  titles  also;  and  these  were 
not  the  least  extraordinary  part  of  their  beneficence,  as  will  be  seen  by  any 
one  who  reads  the  enumeration  of  honours  standing  at  the  foot  of  the 
heraldic  drawing  which  accompanies  the  present  paper.  It  is  so  curious 
that  I  here  repeat  the  original,  with  a  literal  translation  at  its  side : — 


TITEL  CHRISTI. 

Dcr  Almaochtige  onaeberwindliche  Herr, 
Herr  Jesus  Christos,  von  Ewigkeit,  her- 
gekroentor  Keyser  der  HlmmUschen  Herr- 
scharren,  Erwaehlter  und  Unsterblicher 
Koenig  des  ganzen  Erdbodens,  des  H. 
Reichs  einiger  Hoher  Pricstcr,  Ertzbiscboff 
der  SeeleD,  Churfiirst  der  Wabrheit,  Er- 
zborzog  des  Lebcns,  Hcrzog  der  Ebren, 
Fiirst  nus  Juda,  Koenig  zu  Zion,  Herzog 
zu  Botbleheniy  Landgraf  zu  Galilea,  Graf 
zu  Jerusalem,  Troiberr  von  Nazareth, 
Ritter  der  Himmlisrben  Pforten,  Herr 
der  Gerecbtigkeit  und  Herrlicbkeit,  cin 
PHcger  der  Wittwen  tind  Waiseu,  Ricbter 
der  Lebcndigen  iind  der  Toden,  unser 
allergiiaedigster  tind  gctrciicster  Scbiitz, 
Herr,  iind  Gott. 


THE  TITLES  OP  CHRIST. 

The  Almighty  anoonqnenble  Lord, 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  troim  and  to  eternity, 
the  crowned  Emperor  of  the  HeAveniy 
Hosts,  Chosen  and  Immortal  King  of  ihe 
whole  Earth,  Sole  High-priest  of  the  Holy 
Realm,  Archbishop  of  Souls,  E3ector  of 
Truth,  Archduke  of  Life,  Duke  T>f  Honour, 
Prince  of  Judah,  King  of  Zion,  Dnke  of 
Bethlehem,  Landgmre  of  Gmlilee,  Count 
of  Jerusalem,  Baron  of  Nasareth.  Knigbl 
of  the  Heavenly  Qates^  Lord  of  •Justioo 
and  Glory,  a  Cherisher  of  Widows  and 
Orphans,  Judge  of  the  Living  and  the 
D«id,  and  our  most  gradoos  and  moat 
true  Protector,  Lord,  and  God. 


The  only  thing  worthy  of  remark  in  the  arrangement  of  the  inMgnia  is 
the  escutcheon  at  the  centre,  which  the  Germans  call  kersckild.  This 
generally  contains  the  primitive  bearings^  of  the  family  to  which  the 
quarterings  belong;  and  is  not,  like  our  escutcheon  of  pretence,  a  sub- 
sequent inheritance.  The  charges  of  the  quarterings  will,  for  the  most 
part,  be  easily  recognised. 


^  Often  when  a  family  was  split  into  branches  by  the  divinon  of  ertates^  eaeh  branch 
assumed  arms  attached  to  some  herrttchafl  or  manor  after  which  it  called  itself,  bimring 
^bo  origiiuil  family  shield  iu  the  centre  of  the  new  ^^wnitcheon. 


I860.] 


Roman  Monumental  Tablet. 


577 


No. 
1  ™  is  the  cock  which  warned  St.  Peter. 

2,  the  jug  which  held  the  water  changed 

by  Jesus  into  wine. 

3,  the  thirty  pieces  of  silver  for  which 

He  was  betrayed. 

4,  the  chalice  used  at  the  Last  Sapper. 

5,  the  inscription  over  the  cross. 

6,  7,  the  wounded  hands  of  Christ. 

8,  the  hand  which  smote  Him,  traditionally 

reported  to  have  been  withered  from 
that  time. 

9,  the  garment  of  Christ. 
10,  11,  His  wounded  feet. 

12,  a  lanthom,  probably  that  with  which 


No. 

He  is  said  to  have  been  sought  after 
by  His  betrayer. 

13,  the  crown  of  thorns  and  hyssop. 

14,  the  instrument  with  which  the  nails 

were  arranged  at  the  cross. 

15,  the  holy  sepulchre. 

16,  the  globe, — an  emblem  of  supremacy. 

17,  the  dice  with  which  they  played  for 

His  garments. 

18,  the  handkerchief  of  St.  Veronica. 

19,  three  of  the  nails  used  at  the  cruci- 

fixion. 

20,  the  shield  of  descent,  or  primitive 
bearings. 


The  escutcheon  is  surmounted  by  three  helmets  bearing  the  crowns  of 
an  emperor,  a  marquess,  and  a  count.  Over  that  in  the  centre  are  set, 
a  banner,  the  lance  with  which  Christ  was  pierced  in  the  side,  and  the 
sponge  from  which  He  drank  vinegar  on  the  cross.  Over  the  other  helmets 
are  emblems  of  His  crucifixion  and  flagellation. 

We  laugh  at  these  matters  now,  but  they  were  once  perfectly  consistent 
with  the  "  spirit  of  the  age." 


ROMAIC  MONUMENTAL  TABLET. 

Some  workmen  engaged  in  making  excavations  on  the  Quai  des  Etroits,  at 
Lyons,  have  recently  found  a  monumental  tablet  with  the  following  inscription 
in  well-formed  characters  of  the  second  century : — D.  M.  et  memori-S  jktern2E 
Valerp  Vallonis  fratri(s)  xarini  quondam  d.c.  Juuus  Firmtnus  d.c. 
lug.  questor  amico  incomparabili  de  se  bene  merenti  db  suo  ponendum 
cuRAViT  ET  SUB  ASCI  A  DEDiCAViT. — "To  the  divinc  Maucs,  and  the  eternal 
memory  of  Valerus  Vallo,  a  fellow  mariner,  formerly  decurion  of  Lyons.  Julius 
Firminus,  decurion,  questor  of  Lyons,  has  caused  to  be  erected  and  consecrated, 
under  the  axe,  at  his  expense,  this  monument  to  his  incomparable  friend  and 
benefactor.''  An  urn  was  also  found  containing  the  ashes  of  the  departed,  but  it 
was  broken.  The  stone  has  been  presented  to  the  Museum  of  Lyons  by  the  owner 
of  the  ground  where  it  was  discovered. 


^  This  was  the  explanation  of  the  bearings  given  to  me  by  the  poBsessor  of  the 
original  painting.  On  remarking  that  there  were  twenty  quarterings,  and  asking  him 
why  the  requisite  number  was  thus  exceeded,  he  replied,  that  perhaps  it  was  to  shew 
that  there  were  enough  and  to  spare,  and  that  it  was  not  nnunial  for  persons  whose 
families  were  rich  in  quarterings  to  g^ve  in  more  than  necessary.  Bat  it  has  since 
occurred  to  me  that  the  feet  and  hands  in  Nob.  6,  7,  10,  and  11,  may  be  merely  ap- 
pendages to  the  shield  in  the  centre ;  and  if  so,  we  must  deduct  four  from  the  twenty 
compartments,  and  then  there  will  remain  just  sixteen,  the  required  number. 


578  [Dec. 


THE  SEA-BOARD  AND  THE  DOWN». 

Fbw  tilings  are  more  pleasant  than  a  visit  to  an  old  college  friend,  say 
an  Oxford  M.A.  of  thirty  years'  standing,  who,  after  wandering  far  and 
wide,  has  settled  down  in  a  qniet  country  living,  where  he  is  *'  endeavouring 
in  a  straightforward  way,  after  the  teaching  of  the  Church,  to  do  good/' 
and  where  happily  he  is  receiving  on  all  hands  kindness  and  coarteay  in 
return.  Let  the  living  be  in  a  district  with  the  sea  on  the  one  hand,  and 
healthy  open  downs  on  the  other,  and  the  incumbent  a  man  who,  from 
natural  taste  and  acquired  learning,  is  quite  competent  to  tell  us  all  that  we 
may  desire  to  know,  whether  we  inquire  of  the  history  of  the  district  in 
past  days  or  its  condition  at  the  present — an  "  old  man  eloquent,"  whose 
memory  is  a  storehouse  of  wit  and  wisdom  gathered  from  many  quarters, 
some  familiar,  but  more  recondite — and  we  know  no  better  occupation 
than  to  listen  to  him.  Few  of  us  may  have  such  a  friend  in  fact,  but  in 
fancy  we  all  may  have  him  if  we  are  wise  enough  to  turn  to  the  two 
charming  volumes  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  paper. 

In  the  present  day,  when  low-priced  vilely  printed  books — the  outward 
aspect  a  true  indication  of  the  inside  worthlessness — bid  fair  to  engroas 
the  attention  of  the  '^reading  public,"  and  by  lowering  the  standard  of 
taste,  to  render  the  production  of  works  fit  for  a  gentleman's  library  im- 
possible, it  is  quite  a  godsend  to  light  on  two  such  volumes  as  theae.  Let 
the  reader  picture  to  himself  a  small  quarto,  printed  with  antique  type, 
with  border  lines  to  the  pages  which  inclose  quaint  marginal  notes — ^head« 
pieces  and  tail-pieces  such  as  Mr.  William  Caslon  used  to  produce  a  cen- 
tury ago — a  rubricated  title,  and  some  exquisite  wood  engraving! — and 
then,  the  matter  of  the  work,  at  once  learned,  witty,  and  gentlemanly — 
though  '^  very  plain  truths  are  expressed  in  very  plain  words."  Indeed  it 
seems  to  be  our  author's  delight^ 

'*  To  pour  out  all  bis  soul  as  plun 
As  downright  Shippon  or  ai  old  Montaigne;* 

but  this  frankness  charms  us,  even  in  cases  where  we  do  not  quite  agree 
with  him.  Then  how  agreeable  it  is  to  be  in  a  manner  introduced  not 
only  to  his  parish,  but  to  all  his  old  friends  and  his  family— -in  the  margin 
he  does  not  disdain  to  record  the  nances  of  trusty  servants,  and  we  learn 
in  the  text  all  about  his  children  and  his  g^randchildren— liia  daugbtera  and 
his  sons — one  of  the  latter  "  a  brave  artillery  officer  in  Oude"— 4iis  arm- 
chair, and  who  g^ve  it  to  him — ^his  rheumatism — hia  farmen  and  his  coU 

•  "The  Sea-board  and  the  Down;  or.  My  Parish  in  the  Sooth*  By  An  Old  Yioar, 
&c.,  &c.,  Slc"    2  vols.     (Ix>ndon :  Rivingtons.) 

1 


I860.]  The  Sea-board  and  the  Down.  579 

tagers-->smuggler8,  poachers,  et  hoc  genus  homne ;  something  too  is  said 
about  his  wife,  and,  with  the  quotation, "  A  prudent  wife  is  from  the  Lord/' 
she  is  made  to  help  the  parish  doctor  with  a  few  hints  on  nursing.  These 
things  are  put  down  in  an  easy  conversational  way,  ''in  the  shape  of 
a  dialogue  with  a  very  old  friend,  after  the  manner  of  Cicero's  Tusculan 
Disputations  and  other  works,"  and  especially  remarkable  are  they  for  the 
kindly  tone  in  which  the  Old  Vicar  ever  speaks  of  his  humble  unlearned 
neighbours.  He  has  travelled  in  many  lands,  and  has  studied  men  as  well 
as  books,  and  though  his  innumerable  quotations  shew  him  to  be  a  walking 
library,  he  is  perpetually  pointing  out  that  book  learning  is  not  everything, 
and  that  sound  common  sense,  shrewdness,  and  high  principle  may  be  found 
in  cases  where  there  is  little  of  the  clap-trap  "*rithmetic,  reading,  and 
'riting''  which  is  at  present  so  popular. 

The  author  of  these  volumes  is  the  Rev.  John  Wood  Warter,  B.D., 
Vicar  of  West  Tarring,  with  Heene  and  Dnrring^on.  His  parish  contains 
about  1000  inhabitants,  and  is  with  its  neighbourhood  connected  with  some 
celebrated  names,  as  Thomas  k  Becket,  and  Selden.  Its  history  and  an- 
tiquities he  made  known  to  the  world  several  years  ago,  and  he  has 
a  justifiable  pride  in  now  stating  that  the  restoration  of  his  parish  "  cathe- 
dral'' — a  noble  Edwardian  structure — has  been  accomplished  at  a  cost  of 
£3000,  some  part  of  which  was  raised  by  the  exercise  of  his  pen  on  '*  The 
Parochial  Antiquities  of  West  Tarring."  Many  other  improvements  have 
been  effected  in  the  course  of  his  six  and  twenty  years'  incumbency ;  smug- 
gling and  poachmg  have  pretty  well  become  extinct,  and  regular  habits,: 
and  order  and  cleanliness  now  reign.  How  much  of  this  happy  change  is 
due  to  his  own  exertions,  the  Old  Vicar  is  too  modest  to  tell  us  in  direct 
terms,  but  still  we  are  not  left  long  in  doubt.  Words  and  hints,  though 
purposely  vague,  here  and  there  occur,  which  enable  us  to  pronounce  with- 
out hesitation  that  he  is  a  man  of  active  benevolence  and  genuine  piety, 
and  that  witty  and  wise  as  he  is,  it  may  be  said  of  him,  as  it  was  said 
of  an  eminent  philosopher  of  our  time,  that  "  his  head  is  the  worst  part 
about  him.** 

Our  Old  Vicar's  book  consists  of  six  and  thirty  chapters,  and,  as  he  says, 

their  headings  will  shew,  pretty  much,  the  intent  of  his  volumes.    These 

headings  clearly  indicate  the  topics  he  touches  on,  and  an  extract  or  two 

will  give  a  fair  idea  of  how  he  treats  them.     An  Introductory  Chapter 

makes  some  hard  hits  at  popularity-mongers,  and  gives  various  sufficient 

reasons  for  undertaking  a  record  of  parochial  experiences.    Then  we  have 

a  description  of  the  locality,  next  of  the  habits  of  the  people,  with  remarks 

alike  kind  and  wise  on  the  subject,  and  anecdotes  of  the  **  dangerous 

classes/'  the  smugglers  and  poachers,  who  are  let  down  easily,  and  who 

appear  to  have  been,  in  the  eyes  of  the  Old  Vicar  at  least,  not  irredeemably 

bad.     Next  come  observations  on  the  shrewd  common  sense  of  the  people, 

who,  much  as  they  may  want  learning,  are  not  destitute  of  intelligence, 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  3  t  • 


580  The  Sea-board  and  the  Down.  [Dec. 

though  this,  for  lack  of  good  direction,  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  low  cun- 
ning. Hence  the  necessity  for  labours  in  season  and  out  of  season  to  raise 
the  standard  of  principle.  Moral  and  religious  principles  are  in  the  eyes  of 
all  wise  men  inseparable,  and  our  author  earnestly  advocates,  if  not  with 
all  the  power  of  '*  S.  G.  0.,"  at  least  with  equal  sincerity  and  heartiness, 
all  measures  that  may  increase  the  self-respect  of  the  labouring  man.  He 
justly  views  the  miserable  dwellings  of  the  poor  as  one  great  cause  alike  of 
sickness  and  of  immorality ;  he  works  away  con  amove  on  the  old  theme, 
**  CleanUness  is  next  to  godliness,"  and  thus  comes  to  his  nuun  theme,  the 
country  parson's  every-day  life,  and  the  sacredness  of  his  calling.  We 
have  had  this  treated  of  long  ago,  as  but  few  have  treated  it  since,  by 
George  Herbert,  but  the  lapse  of  more  than  two  centuries  has  brought 
about  some  change  in  the  mode  of  looking  even  at  these  subjects,  and  our 
Old  Vicar,  on  examination,  will  be  found  to  have  much  to  say  that  is  worth 
hearing  on  points  that  the  good  incumbent  of  Bemerton  haa  left  unno- 
ticed. Not  that  he  has  a  less  appreciation  than  Herbert  of  the  need  of 
**  all  knowledge'*  to  the  parson,  or  that  he  questions  his  assertion,  "  The 
country  parson  condescends  even  to  the  knowledge  of  tillage  and  pasturage, 
and  makes  great  use  of  them  in  teaching"— on  the  contrary,  he  prints  the 
passage  among  others  for  a  motto,  and  he  maintains  that,  mainly  as  he 
possesses  or  lacks  such  knowledge  will  be  his  weight  on  vestry  and  hii 
casual  every-day  influence — and  he  proves  that  he  himself  posaesses  it  by 
dialogues  with  his  farmers.  He  shews  also  a  true  appreciation  of  a  mstic 
audience  when  he  warns  his  brethren  that  they  have  a  quick  sense  of  the 
ridiculous,  and  that  this  is  ''  a  matter  to  be  much  minded  in  preaching." 
I'hen  he  passes  on  to  *'  stories  from  his  parish,  and  others,  picked  up  by 
the  wayside,*'  many  of  them  curious  enough.  The  country  churchyard, 
and  all  its  hallowed  associations,  employ  the  pen  of  our  Old  Yicar  to  some 
purpose,  and  many  are  the  beautiful  passages  that  we  might  cite,  and  would 
cite,  but  they  are  so  skilfully  worked  up  with  all  that  precedes  and  follows 
that  they  cannot  be  detached  without  injury.  The  progress  of  education, 
and  particularly  the  humanizing  effects  of  music,  and  the  neceaeity  for 
increasing  the  rational  enjoyments  of  the  poor — the  great  allowance  to  be 
made  for  their  ignorance  and  superstition,  and  deep-rooted  prejudices — 
the  need  of  parochial  libraries,  and  the  necessity  of  placing  in  them  works 
of  an  entertaining  as  well  as  others  of  a  serious  character — all  these  topics 
are  admirably  handled.  And  then  we  come  to  two  outspoken  chapters,  on 
''  Tiie  Church  of  our  Forefathers,"  and  on  "  The  Episcopate  as  it  was,  and 
the  Episcopate  us  it  is,**  both  well  worthy  of  serious  consideration. 

We  will  endeavour  to  justify  the  high  character  that  we  have  given  of 
this  work,  by  quoting  a  few  passages ;  though  this  is  hardly  doing  justice 
to  our  author,  for  our  choice  must  be  guided  not  by  the  fact  that  they  are 
the  best  that  could  be  cited,  but  tliat  they  are  more  easily  detached  frum 
{he  context  than  some  othcrtii  that  we  pobbibly  admire  more. 


18G0.]  The  Sea-board  and  the  Dovm,  581 

Let  us  first  take  an  illustration  of  the  helpless  position  of  the  town  clergy- 
man suddenly  dropped  among  an  agricultural  population  :  — 

"  It  is  early  days  in  the  year  yet,  the  Spring  not  come,  but  a  kindly  time.  That 
magnificent  field  adjoining  the  Church  has,  this  season,  a  larger  proportion  of  wheat 
on  it  than  usual,  and,  with  all  nature  smiling  around,  what  a  feast  is  it  to  the  eye ! 
Just  at  the  turn,  where  the  paths  branch  off,  the  Parson  stumbles  upon  his  two  chief 
Farmers,  Charles  Allworthy  and  John  Thorogood.  Like  himself  they  are  admiring 
the  goodly  prosjiect.  Kindly  men  were  the  both  of  them, — good  to  their  labourers, 
good  to  the  poor,  setting  a  goodly  example  to  all  around  j — industrious  as  any  Farmers 
in  the  county, — keen,  quick,  intelligent,  and  as  upright  as  they  were  punctual.  'Good- 
morning — good-morning  V  was  the  very  hearty  greeting ;  and  soon,  as  with  one  voice, 
both  s:iid,  *  Ain't  things  looking  well  ?'  *I  was  afraid,  at  first,'  said  Allworthy,  *that 
ihe  wheat  would  have  bten  somewliat  root-fallen, — but  I  was  mistaken, — see  how  well 
it  begins  to  tiller!*  To  which  John  Thorogood  replied — (John  was  never  known  to 
grumble  in  the  whole  course  of  his  life,) — *  I  said  it  would  all  come  right,  neighbour ; 
— but  mind,  this  field  will  never  bear  over-dressing, — as  sure  as  you  over-dress,  so  sure 
will  yc.ur  wh<  at  be  down !  You  just  ask  our  Vicar  now  ;* — and  the  Vicar  accordingly, 
who  lived  on  pleasant,  easy  terms  with  his  people,  was  appealed  to.  He  replied,  *01d 
Cutler/ — (a  grand  old  Farmer  of  the  old  school, — one  of  nature's  gentlemen,  who  made 
a  bow  like  a  prince,  and  had  died  a  few  years  before  at  the  age  of  fourscore  and  five, 
universally  regretted  and  lamented,)  '  Old  Cutler  always  said  the  same  thing,  but  he 
was  used  to  add,  A  laid  crop  never  broke  the  Farmer.'  *  Very  true,  very  true,'  replied 
John,  '  I  have  heard  him  say  it  a  hundred  times,  but  it  is  better  to  see  the  corn  stand 
up  well,  like  soldiers  in  their  ranks, — and  it  is  easier  for  us,  and  for  the  reapers.' 

"  Just  at  this  time  we  came  to  a  division  of  the  field  where  a  crop  of  Peas  stood  the 
year  before,  and  all  at  once  Allworthy  burst  out  into  one  of  his  pleasant  laughs,  ex- 
claiming with  unmistakeable  fun  in  his  eye,  *  Never  shall  forget,  never  !*  *  What's  up 
now  ? '  said  my  friend  John.  *  I  told  Parson  before,  he  knows  all  about  it.'  '  About 
the  dol})hin,  eh  ?'  said  the  Vicar.  *  Just  so,'  replied  Allworthy.  And  then  ho  told  his 
neighbour  how  last  year  when  the  dolphin  had  attacked  the  crop,  and  ho  was  talking 
about  it  to  old  Charles  Killdock  as  they  stood  on  the  path,  a  stranger  was  passing  by* 
and  was  struck  by  the  word  dolphin^  and  asked,  *  How  can  a  dolphin  attack  peas, — 
surely  a  dolphin  is  a  fish?'— *  I  thought,'  continued  Goodenough,  *that  old  Charles 
must  have  burst  with  laughter, — and  I  had  much  ado  to  contain  myself  whilst  I  ex- 
plained to  him  how  that  a  dolphin  was  an  insect,  and  a  very  troublesome  one  ^.'  And 
then  turning  to  me  he  said,  *  He  was  dressed  in  black,  and  looked  like  a  Clergyman, — 
but  he  was  no  naturalist,  like  you  are,  and  didn't  know  much  of  country  matters.* 
Upon  which  he  burst  into  his  joyous  laugh  Hgain,  adding  merrily,  that '  he  was  glad  ho 
did  not  live  in  a  town.  He  liked  to  hear  the  cocks  crow  and  the  crickets  chirp."*— 
(Vol.  i.  pp.  276-278.) 

It  will  be  seen  that  our  author  is  discursive,  but  he  evidently  speaks  out 
of  the  fulness  of  his  heart,  and  he  writes,  not  because  he  would  make 
a  book,  but  because  he  has  something  to  say. 

Another  extract  shall  be  from  the  Old  Vicar's  wayside  stories.  By  way 
of  preface  we  may  remark  that  he  has  good  store  of  tales  of  wanderers  of 

^  *•  The  Dolphin  is  an  insect  that  attacks  Beans  and  Peas, — a  species  of  plant-louse 
well  known  to  Agriculturists.  See  Kirby  and  Spence,  p.  96,  Reprint.  The  anecdote 
here  recorded  is  literally  true,  and  it  all  took  place,  a^  recorded,  in  this  field.  The 
partits>  only  were  diflerent." 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  3  z 


582  The  Sea-board  and  the  Down,  [Dec. 

all  classes.  We  should  think  that  the  description  of  the  good  pastor  in  the 
"  Deserted  Yillage"  would  apply  to  him  : — 

"  Hi8  house  was  known  to  all  the  vagrant  trwn — 
He  chid  their  wanderings  but  relieved  their  pain." 

"  The  Old  Vicary  had  a  great  horror  of  begging  as  a  profession,  and  thongh  he  coim- 
tonanced  many  an  old  gaherlunzie  man,  contrary  to  bis  professed  principles,  yet  was  he 
resolute  on  the  whole  in  resisting  tramps, — for  which  they  chalked  his  door  well  with 
their  private  marks,  according  to  their  custom. 

"  He  used  to  tell  bow  a  dear  old  Friend  of  his  whs  infinitely  amused  with  a  sharp 
lad  he  met  not  fur  from  Bishop's  Castle,  many  years  ago.  He  and  a  brother  sportsman 
were  returning  from  a  fishing  or  shooting  expedition,  I  forget  which,  when,  at  the 
bottom  of  a  steep  bill,  they  overtook  a  shaqi-looking  lad,  with  a  short  bit  of  a  pipe  in 
his  mouth.  He  at  once  slipped  the  cutty  pipe  into  a  side  pocket,  (thinking  they  had  not 
observed  it,)  and  iKJgan  to  beg.  The  hill,  as  1  said,  was  a  steep  one,  and  gjave  time  for 
a  conversation  something  of  this  sort.  *  A  bad  trade  yours,  my  boy,  I  should  think.' 
*  Very  bad.  Sir,  specially  in  bad  weather,  sometimes  we're  half  clemmed,*  a  provincialism 
for  starved.  Now  the  Vicar's  old  Friend,  who  had  fed  on  soupe  maiffre  and  chickens' 
claws  for  a  mouth  in  a  French  prison  during  the  war  with  old  Bony,  saw  no  signs  fsX 
starvation  on  the  lad's  face,  and  he  observed  moreover  a  sly  twinkle  in  bis  eye,  and  that 
he  pursed  up  his  mouth  in  a  way  that  was  any  thing  but  melanchoHovt.  So  be  thought 
he  should  like  to  get  out  of  him  what  his  aver»ge  earnings  as  a  tramp  might  bo,  and 
being  a  person  of  great  shrewdness  and  good- nature  combined,  he  felt  his  way  by 
saying,  'Tobacco  must  cost  something, — and  the  shorter  the  pipe  the  quicker  the 
draught.'  The  lad  pretended  not  to  understand,  on  which,  observing  the  side  iXK'kci 
smouldering,  he  added,  '  and  clothes  too,  if  you  can  afford  to  let  them  bum  in  that 
way.'  As  quick  as  thouirht  the  lad  pressed  his  hand  to  his  side,  and  put  0!it  the  snuff 
in  haste,  stiying,  '  Thankee,  iSir  !'  *  Come,  come,  my  boy,  things  are  not  so  bad  with 
you  as  you  would  make  out,  and  you  might  be  better  employed  than  as  a  ready  money 
customer  on  the  road, — but  I  don't  want  to  be  hard  with  you,  and  as  I  have  done  yea 
a  good  turn  j'ou  may  do  nie  one.  If  you'll  tell  us  what  you  contrive  to  make  in 
a  week,  here's  a  shill'mg  lor  you.*  At  first  there  was  a  slight  hesitation, — t)iere*i 
honour  among  thieves,  and  he  didn't  like  to  peach, — that  was  the  term  he  used.  At 
last  he  replied,  in  his  sharp  natural  way,  *  I  sees  you're  gentlemen,  and  woulcUi't  take 
any  advantage  of  a  poor  cove, — go  I'll  just  tell  you  how  it  is.  Times  is,  as  I  said, 
souiotimes  very  bad,  hut  1  alius  considers  the  day  as  no  go,  on  which  I  do  not  contrive^ 
one  way  or  another,  to  pick  up  half-a-crown  or  so.  And  then  I  ain't  alius  an  asker, 
(as  some  of  our  people  call  thimsclvts,)  but  when  haying  is  going  on,  1  can  lend 
a  hand, — or  indeed  at  most  other  sorts  a  work.'  'Thank  you,  my  boy,  for  your 
information,  and  htre's  the  shilling  I  promised  you.  I  shall  turn  it  to  account  •■ 
a  Magistrate,  and  I  recommend  you  by  all  means  to  take  to  a  more  regular  and 
respectable  way  of  living.'     The  l)oy's  look  almost  said, 

I^UH.^  sc!?v.^  " '  There's  sf>mething  in  me  that  reproved  my  fault ,-' 

but,  the  chances  are,  he  held  to  his  own  way  of  living,  for  when  the  Vicar*8  Friend  and 
his  com])anion  turned  round  to  look  at  him,  bo  was  smoking  hit  short  pipe  with  an 
earnestness  which  would  have  supplied  an  illustration  for  Knickerbocker's  Acoonnt  of 
All's  Well  that  ^**^  York.  Certiunly  he  was  in  no  plight  to  say,  with  Parolei^  •  1  un 
Ends  Well,        a  man,  sir,  muddied  in  fortune's  moat,  and  smfli  somewhat  strcoff  of 

Act  V   Sc   11  1  D 

her  strong  di8i)lea8ure.'     Fortune  had  not  cruelly  scratched  him ! 
"  No  doubt  there  are  plenty  of  tramps  who  are  very  badly  off  and  sofTer  much,— bat 
begging  as  a  trade,  the  old  Vicar  said,  was  derogatory  to  all  good  prindpK  and  led  t« 
deceit,  and  lying,  and  evil  practices  of  all  sorts.    Numbers  of  stories  Ike  had  picked  up 


I860.]  The  Sea-board  and  the  Down,  583 

on  this  subject  by  the  wayside,  and  once,  ho  said,  (will  you  believe  it  ?)  an  impudent 

Scotch  beggar  answered  me  almost  in  a  paraphrase  of  Burns'  Death  and  Dr.  Hornbook : — 

'  Folk  maun  do  somethii)g  for  their  bread. 

And  sae  maun  death.' 

And  upon  another  occasion,  when  I  thought  it  necessary  to  address  a  regular  old  cam- 
pni{.!ncr,  who  haunted  the  Parish,  in  somewhat  severer  words, — *  Tramp,  indeed.  Tramp 
do  you  call  me  ?  What  would  you  have  a  body  do,  would  you  have  a  body^y  V — and 
off  she  bustled, 

*  With  such  hairte,  as  new     ^  Chamberlayne'a 

Shorn  meadows,  when  approaching  storms  are  nigh,  Pharonnida, 

Tir'd  labourers  huddle  up.'  "—(Vol.  u.  pp.  13—17.)  ^^^  "•  P-  ^^• 

One  of  the  Old  Vicar's  parish  experiences  relates  to  Giles  Duffer,  a  noted 

poacher,  "  who  was  said  to  have  killed  the  last  dotterel  on  Storrington 

downs."     He  shot  a  man  in  a  night  affray,  and  was  obliged  to  flee  the 

country ;  his  dog  he  left  behind  him,  and  it  furnishes  a  pleasant  chapter  in 

animal  biography  : — 

"  My  old  Friend  told  me  what  an  extraordinary  dog  it  was  that  belonged  to  this  un- 
fortunate man, — fierce  as  a  lion,  or  gentle  as  a  lamb,  as  it  might  be, — neither  pointer, 
setter,  lurcher,  spaniel,  nor  terrier, — but  so  strongly  built,  and  so  sagacious, — so 
prudent,  (if  I  may  use  it  of  a  dog  who  syllogizes  only,  and  cannot  recuotif)  but  without 
the  slightest  dash  of  the  coward  in  him, — as  to  manage  a  whole  pack,  or  all  the  dogs 
in  a  street.  *  In  fact,'  he  used  to  add,  '  he  was  diplomatist  and  warrior  together ;  and 
I  never  think  of  the  knowing  creature  without  calling  to  mind  what  Luther,  in  his 
Table  Talk,  says  of  a  dog  he  saw  at  Lintz  in  Austria.  "  He  was  taught,"  gee  Reprint, 
says  the  great  Ileformer,  "  to  go  with  a  hand  basket  to  the  butcher's  sham-  ^^^'  p.  66» 
bloH  for  meat ;  when  other  dogs  came  about  him,  and  sought  to  take  the  meat  out  of 
the  basket,  he  set  it  down,  and  fought  lustily  with  them ;  but  when  he  saw  they  were 
too  strong  for  him,  he  himself  would  snatch  out  the  first  piece  of  meat,  lest  he  should 
lose  all." ' 

"  '  Our  Trap,'  interposed  Nilly,  to  whom  I  told  these  stories,  'had  something  in  him 
of  both  those  dogs.  Don't  you  remember  how  the  Butcher  used  to  try  and  bribe  him 
by  bits  of  meat,  and  how  he  eat  them,  and  then  fiew  at  the  Butcher  for  robbing  his 
master,— and  how  he  sought  all  the  dogs  in  the  country,  and  how  he  explained  to  all 
the  dogd  in  Worthing  that  the  great  wolf  dog  that  a  Mr.  T.  had  was  a  coward,  by 
rolling  him  over  in  the  street  and  beating  him  ; — and  how,  for  all  this,  he  used  to  go 
up  to  the  school,  and  sit  amongst  the  children  waiting  at  the  door,  and  talk  to  them 
with  his  eyes, — and  then  how  he  would  go  with  you  round  the  classes  to  examine  the 
children,  till  it  became  so  ridiculous  that  you  were  obliged  to  exclude  him,  upon  which 
he  j^ot  up  outside  on  the  window-sills  and  took  his  part  in  the  proceeding,  displaying 
as  much  knowledge  as  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Inspectors,  who,  in  general,  know  nothing 
about  country  children,  but  only  frighten  them,  which  Trap — a  very  wise  dog  was 
Trap  ! — never  did  ? '  Upon  this  I  told  her  how  once  in  Sntherlandshire  Trap  pulled 
down  a  royal  stag,  which  two  deer-hounds  were  afVaid  to  do, — ^possibly,  by  the  way, 
showing  more  instinct,  for  the  deer  was  wounded,  and, 

*  Inforced  flight  is  no  disgrace,  such  flyers  fight  againe,' —      EngSmd!  Bk.  uf.  c.  18. 

how,  one  day,  when  his  master  was  ill,  and  could  not  go  out  with  bis  party  doer-stalking. 
Trap  thought  he  wasn't  very  well,  and  so  stopped  at  home  with  his  master,  but  finding 
it  dull,  and  getting  rather  hungry,  he  started  to  forage  for  himself, — and  how  his 
master  from  the  window  saw  him  drag  a  shoulder  of  venison  up  the  garden,  and  bury 
it,  and  then,  having  snified  round  and  round  the  way  the  wind  blew,  and  having  found 
that  he  could  wind  it,  took  it  up  again  and  buried  it  deeper,  and  then  findusg  that  he 
himself  could  not  detect  it,  came  at  once  to  the  conclusion  that  the  other  dogs,  when 


581  The  Sea-board  and  tJie  Down.  [Dec. 

they  came  home,  would  not  be  able  to  do  so.  There  never  was  snch  a  dog  aa  Trap ! 
He  UBC'd  to  fight  all  the  dogs  round  till  it  was  quite  clear  be  was  master.  '  Nothing 
ever  bout  him/  said  Uncle  Edward, '  but  one  old  sow,  and  she  used  to  run  open-mouthed 
at  him,  grunting  like  a  wild  boar  in  a  jungle!'"— (VoL  ii.  pp.  98 — 100.) 

One  more  extract,  and  we  have  done.  For  deep  practical  wisdom  we 
recollect  nothing  finer  than  the  following  passage  from  the  chapter  on 
**The  Necessity  of  Increasing  the  Rational  Enjoyments  of  the  Poor:" — 

'*  Say  what  we  may  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  times,  of  Norman  strongholds,  of  serfilom, 
and  of  vassalage, — and  in  these  days  of  liberty  we  can  hardly  realize  what  those  times 
were, — the  people  of  those  days  did  nevertheless  contrive  to  enjoy  themselves  vastly, 
and  there  was  great  freedom  of  manner  and  speech  between  master  and  man.  In 
**  The  funtlii-  Saxon  times  the  Eadelman,  and  the  Miller  and  his  Knave,  and  the 
ter  of  Society  people  of  the  Vale,  all  knew  each  other  thoroughly.  A  roguish  person 
late'^'^th"**  ^  sometimes  was  a  Saxon  King,  and  his  Theyns  were  rougher  still  j  but 
xivth  century  if  they  had  not  looked  to  their  dependants,  their  Thanelands  would 
Stucon/^^^Tho  ^^^®  ^°°®  them  little  good.  The  Miller  would  most  certainly  have 
Uoinesdny  of  been  drowned  in  his  dam,  and  there  would  have  been  no  gprist,  if  he  and 
Archdeacon  his  Knave  and  the  Eadelman  had  set  their  heads  together  to  curtail  the 
Hale,  p.  cvii.      sports  of  the  village  green. 

"  Tlie  lordly  Norman  again,  in  his  turn,  was  rude  and  cruel,  burly  and  ontrageoni^ 
and  his  Haroniul  Keep  had  deep  dungeons,  with  rings,  and  hooks,  and  chuns  there, 
— but  he  too  would  never  have  held  his  ground,  not  even  by  force  of 
lonR-beuniB  arms,  if  he  had  not  humoured  his  serfs  and  vanals, — if  in  the  oonrtyaid 
thcmefminK°of  ^^^  *"*^  prohibited  tilting,  or  hawking  on  the  hill  sidfl^  or  jolUty  in  the 
the  old  catch,  hall.  As  hmg  as  such  rough  liberty  was  to  be  had  it  was  a  small  thing 
ISaJJIwHcre  <»  sit '  below  the  salt  ^'  Like  children  at  the  side  table  of  a  great  frast, 
heards  wag  they  that  did  so  only  enjoyed  themselves  the  more.  The  different  ac- 
counts of  Henry  the  Second's  banquetting  hall,  as  has  been  obecrved  be- 
fore, contain  a  full  illuKtration  of  what  is  here  alluded  to.  Depend  upon  it,  Arunders 
water-bailiff  had  had  few  swans  on  the  swan -hopping  **  day,  and  there  had  been  few 
fish  lefl  in  the  Swaubournc  Lake,  if  the  retainers  of  the  Castle  had  not  had  their 
I  bcpr  to  record  si^orts.  Thousand,  thousand  pities,  that  the  Old  Mill,  as  I  remember 
wJika^with^  it,  was  done  away  !  The  Mill  and  the  Swanboumo  Lake  together  were 
Mr.  iMartia  unniatchuble  for  beauty !  The  oldest  Baron  in  the  oldest  days  of  that 
Constable.  °^*^  Castle  never  committed  a  crueller  act ! 

"  Our  forefathers,  perhaps,  were  over  much  given  to  noisy  sports  and 
PUM,  quaH  games, — to  wakes  and  vigils, — Scot-ales,  filct-ales^  church-ales,  and  litch- 

qujind(Kiuo  jijcg, — hunting,  and  shooting,  and  iishing, — and,  in  short,  to  all  the  hoit- 
quandoque  terous  and  exciting  amusements  of  a  not  highly  educated  people.  Bat, 
Br'^'to''*"F  1  ™i"d  tt"d  IxKly  work  together,  and  we  tlieir  sons — many  of  os  at  least — 
117.  Kd.'i.)(iu.  have  not  thotight  enough  of  this,  more  especially  as  regards  the  relaia- 
tions  of  the  poor."— O'^ol.  ii.  pp.  393—396.) 

We  have  no  room  for  further  selections,  neither  is  there  need  for  it. 
We  advise  all  our  readers  to  peruse  the  book  at  their  leisure,  and  if  their 
tastes  are  at  all  like  ours,  they  will  deem  neither  their  time  nor  their  money 
ill  bestowed. 


C     If 


'  A  well-known  expression.     Men,  as  they  lost  caste,  brought  the  indignity  upon 
themselves.    A  well-earned  solar  if  has  no  real  indignity  in  itself. 

'^  "' A  corruption,'  Mr.Ticrney  says,  'of  the  term  twan-uppimg^  which  «gnift^  the 
taking  up  of  the  swans  or  cygnets,  for  the  purpose  of  marking  thorn.'  Hirtory  of 
Arundel,  Vol.  ii.  723." 


I860.]  585 


TFAHLBAUTEN;   OR,  THE  AI^CIENT  LAKE-DWELLINGS 

OE  SWITZERLAND  «. 

The  Pfahlhauten,  habitations  lacustres,  or  ancient  lake-dwellings  of 
Switzerland,  is  a  term  with  which  our  archteological  readers  may  be  as- 
sumed to  be  tolerably  conversant.  To  the  general  reader  we  fear  the  term 
remains  a  dead  letter,  and  yet  it  represents  a  subject  full  of  general  interest 
and  importance. 

Some  idea  of  pfaJilhauten  will,  we  trust,  be  gathered  from  the  brief 
notice  we  now  give  of  the  researches  on  this  subject,  made  by  the  Swiss 
arclKPoIogists,  than  whom  there  exists  no  body  of  men  more  earnest  of 
p  irpose,  or  better  versed  in  their  science.  To  the  judgment  of  Dr.  F. 
Keller,  of  Zurich,  we  owe  the  discovery  of  these  most  ancient  abodes  of 
men,  and  to  his  unwearied  energy  we  are  further  indebted  for  a  scientific 
record  of  the  subsequent  researches  of  later  adventurers. 

What,  then,  are  pfahlbauten  ?  It  is  but  a  simple  German  word,  mean- 
ing *  pile-buildings,*  that  is,  ancient  dwelling-places  once  standing  in  the 
lakes  of  Switzerland  on  a  substruction  of  piles,  the  remains  of  which  endure 
to  this  day.  But  how  vast  a  portion  of  time,  as  we  count  time,  is  involved 
in  this  one  short  word  !  It  carries  us  back  thousands  of  years,  to  a  period 
when  history  is  a  blank,  when  the  pjhklhauten  dwellers,  ignorant  of  metals, 
though  not  unskilled  in  the  arts  of  life,  felled  their  trees,  tilled  the  ground, 
and  followed  a  dangerous  chase  with  simple  implements  of  flint  and  stone. 
AVlio  these  men  may  have  been  we  know  not: — 

"  Tbey  were,  then  were  not ;  they  had  lived  and  died. 
No  trace,  no  record  of  their  date  remaining." 

Modern  geologico-archaeological  discoveries  have  warned  us  that  man's 
existence  in  this  planet  may  be  of  higher  antiquity  than  is  usually  supposed, 
and  that  we  may  have  erred  in  our  interpretation  of  our  only  record  on  the 
subject.  Possibly  the  pfahlbauten  dwellers  were  of  that  great  primsBval 
race  that,  spreading  from  East  to  West,  has  left  us  such  noble  stone- 


»  Lie  Keltischen  Pfahlbauten  in  den  Schtceizerseen,  von  Dr.  F.  Keller;  Zurich, 
185 1.  Die  Pfahlbauten,  2nd  Part,  1858.  Ibid.,  8rd  Part,  I860.  — 2>/«  Pfahl- 
bnu alter thiimer  von  Moosseedorf,  von  A.  Jahn,  und  J.  Uhlmann ;  Bern.  1857. — Habi- 
ta/ions  Lacustres  de  la  Suisse,  par  F.  Troyon. — Stafistique  des  Antiquitisde  la  Suisse 
Occident  ale,  8*  Article,  par  F.  Troyon.— Wilde's  "Catalogue  of  Antiquities  in  the 
Mu«<eum  of  the  Royal  Irish  Aca(^eniy,**  1857. — Chronik  der  niedrigsten  Wcuserstande 
des  liheins,  vom  Jahre  70  ».  Chr.  Geb.  bis  1858,  vou  Dr.  J.  Wittman;  Mainz,  1859. 
—"On  Lake-Dwellings  of  the  Kurly  Puriods,"  by  W.  M.  Wylie,  in  Archaoloffia^ 
vol.  xxxviii.  —  JJntcrsuchung  der  Thitrreste  aus  den  Pfahlbauten  der  Schweitz,  von 
Dr.  Riitimeyer;  Zurich,  1860. — Etudes  Ueologioo-ArcMologiques  en  Danemarh  et  en 
Suisse,  pnr  A.  Morlot;  Lauianno,  1860. 


586  Pfahlbauten;  or,  [Dec. 

memorials  of  its  existence,  the  race  that  looms  faintly  out  of  historic  myth 
as  Scythic,  Pelasgic,  or  Iherian ;  and  of  which,  as  some  suppose,  the  Lapps 
are  the  last  effete  existing  remains. 

The  first  historic  mention  we  have  of  pfahlbauten,  or  '  pile-buildings,' 
is  in  Herodotus  (1.  v.  c.  16),  where  we  find  mention  of  a  tribe  occupying 
such  constructions  in  the  centre  of  the  Lake  Prasias — probably  the  Lake 
Takinos,  in  modern  Roumelia, — and,  in  unapproachable  security,  defying 
the  power  of  Xerxes.  So  our  subject  at  least  commences  with  a  degree 
of  classic  prestige.  It  is  said  that  the  Swiss  antiquaries  are  fully  resolved 
on  testing  the  narrative  of  Herodotus  by  an  active  examination  of  Lake 
Prasias.  Grave  difficulties,  no  doubt,  exist  in  the  way  of  such  an  under- 
taking, but  the  obstacles  must  indeed  be  serious  which  the  skill  and  per- 
severance of  such  adventurers  could  not  surmount. 

In  the  vears  1853  and  1857,  the  unusual  lowness  of  the  waters  of  the 
Rhine  and  the  lakes  of  Switzerland  afforded  a  rare  opportunity  for  the 
investigation  of  their  respective  beds.  The  interesting  discoveries  then 
made  of  various  antiquities  in  the  bed  of  the  Rhine  and  its  conflaents,  as 
also  of  pile-buildings  in  the  lake  of  Constance  in  1857,  are  fully  and  very 
usefully  detailed  by  Dr.  Wittman,  the  able  director  of  the  ArchcBological 
Society  of  Mayence,  in  his  chronicle  of  the  most  remarkable  low-water 
periods  of  the  Rhine. 

In  1853,  the  inhabitants  of  Ober-Meilen,  a  village  on  the  lake  of  Zurich, 
availed  themselves  of  the  unusual  luwness  of  the  waters  to  reclaim  a  piece 
of  land  from  the  lake.  The  excavations  disclosed  a  number  of  remains  of 
deeply-driven  piles,  formed  of  various  forest  trees.  In  the  mud  around 
these  piles  the  attentive  investigation  of  Dr.  Keller  detected  the  remains 
which  threw  the  first  light  on  the  nature  of  the  discovery.  There,  heaped 
together,  lay  stone  axes,  and  hammers,  and  chisels  or  celts  with  their  hafts 
of  horn,  rude  implements  for  crushing  com,  a  great  variety  of  coarse  pot- 
tery, implements  of  bone,  lance  and  arrow-heads,  knives,  saws,  &c.,  all  of 
flint,  in  rich  abundance,  although  flint  is  not  a  natural  product  of  Switzer- 
land. Some  of  the  smaller  celts,  or  chisels,  are  formed  of  nephrite,  a  species 
of  transparent  jade,  a  stone  imagined  to 
be  entirely  peculiar  to  the  East.  The 
saws,  in  particular,  are  curious  examples 
of  human  ingenuity  under  difl^culties.  / 
They  are  formed  of  long  thin  flakes  of 
flint,  one  edge  of  which  is  finely  notched, 
and  the  other  fitted  into  a  ncatlv  formed 
long  wooden  handle,  the  perfect  j)re- 

servation  of  which  may  probably  be  at-     /g^-      -^     T^tt^  i  3 

tributed  to  the  antiseptic  influence  of 
the  peat  wherein  it  had  so  long  re- 
mained.  A  kind  of  bituminous  cement  appears  to  have  been  used  for  securiiig 


I860.]         The  Ancient  Lahe- Dwellings  of  Switzerland,  587 

the  saw  in  its  handle.  The  illustration  we  now  give,  fig.  3,  taken,  like  all 
the  others,  from  Dr.  Keller's  drawings,  is  from  the  lake  of  Neuchatel,  and 
presents  the  singularity  of  a  handle  formed  from  the  tip  of  a  stag's  antler. 
These  saws  were  probably  used  for  working  horn  and  bone.  The  barbed 
arrow-head,  fig.  1,  from  Lake  Pfaffikon,  is  also  of  flint,  as  well  as  its  com- 
panion, fig.  2,  which  presents  a  useful  illustration  of  the  mode  in  which 
these  flint  arrow-heads  were  attached  to  the  shaft  bv  filaments  of  bark. 
This  example  was  found  some  years  since  in  a  peat  moor,  near  Zurich,  with 
its  shaft  in  perfect  preservation. 

A  few  copper  objects  occur,  which  would  shew  that  this  lake-dwelling 
of  Meilen  had  perished  soon  after  the  introduction  of  that  metal  into  the 
country.  That  it  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  the  remains  clearly  proved, 
and  very  many  of  the  like  establishments  discovered  subsequently  appear 
to  have  met  with  the  same  fate.  Altogether  it  was  satisfactorily  shewn 
by  this  Meilen  investigation  that  a  human  habitation,  dating  from  the  pre- 
historic period  termed  the  stone-age,  had  existed  on  this  spot.  Deeply 
driven  piles,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  shore,  had  supported  a  platform, 
on  which  stood  the  huts  of  the  inhabitants,  who  had  thus  dwelt  above  the 
waters  of  the  lake  in  security  from  wild  beasts,  and  any  sudden  raid  of 
their  foes. 

Closely  on  thi^ discovery  followed  other  and  very  important  ones,  in  the 
lake  of  Bienne,  made  by  Col.  Schwab.  The  Kelts,  superior  in  arms  and 
civilization,  probably  on  their  advent  drove  out  the  aboriginal  pfahlhauten 
inhabitants ;  at  the  same  time  adopting  their  mode  of  dwelling.  In  some 
cases,  even,  the  distinct  strata  of  the  remains  of  both  races  in  the  same 
pfahJhau  would  shew  that  the  new  people  had  adopted  the  very  site  occu- 
pied by  their  predecessors.  Again,  it  is  found  that  where  a  pfahlhau  of 
the  stone- period  exists  near  the  shore,  a  later  one,  with  bronze  remains, 
will  frequently  be  found  to  occur  considerably  further  in  advance,  in  deeper 
water ;  as  though  the  new-comers  had  found,  by  their  own  conquest,  the 
necessity  of  further  precaution.  With  the  Kelts  copper  was  introduced. 
Switzerland  docs  not  produce  it;  yet  the  Nidan  pfahlhau,  in  the  lake 
of  Bienne,  has  furnished  the  cabinet  of  Col.  Schwab  with  a  rich  abundance 
and  variety  of  implements,  arms,  and  ornaments,  fished  up  from  a  watery 
depth  of  eight  or  nine  feet. 

In  1856  another  of  these  constructions  was  found  in  the  little  lake 
of  ^[oosseedorf,  near  Berne,  which  has  received  the  most  careful  and 
scientific  examination  at  the  hands  of  Herr  Jahn  and  Dr.  Uhlmann. 
This  pfaJilbau  is  still  older  than  that  of  Meilen :  not  a  trace  of  metal  has 
been  found  there,  and  it  belongs  exclusively  to  the  stone-age.  It  was 
rich  in  examples  of  Oriental  nephrite  and  flint — both  exotic  substances — 
and  the  great  mass  of  chippings  left  little  room  to  doubt  that  the  flint 
weapons  had  been  manufactured  on  the  spot. 

In  the  upper  and  lower  lakes  of  Constance  no  fewer  than  from  thirty 


588  Pfahlbauten.  [Dec. 

to  forty  ^7/*a7J&a2//&;i  have  been  discovered,  and  in  some  cases  with  most 
important  results.  At  Wangen,  on  the  lower  lake,  a  zealous  local  ex- 
plorer, under  the  immediate  supervision  of  Dr.  Keller,  has  made  very 
considerable  research  with  great  success.  This  extensive  settlement  at 
Wangen  assumes  the  form  of  an  oblong  parallelogram,  which  Herr  Lohle 
estimates  at  about  700  paces  long  by  120  broad,  and  that  the  number 
of  foundation-piles  amounts  to  some  30,000  or  40,000. 

At  the  other  side  of  Switzerland  the  researches  of  MM.  Forel,  v.  Mor- 
lot,  and  Troyon,  have  brought  to  light  some  thirty  pfahlbauten.  in  the 
lake  of  Geneva ;  and  perhaps  as  many  more  have  been  discovered  in  the 
lake  of  Neuchatel.  In  this  latter  lake  the  steam-dredge,  employed  during 
the  railway  works  last  summer,  (1859,)  encountered  off  Concise  a  pJahU 
hau  of  the  stone-period,  when  a  great  mass  of  reliques  of  bone  and  stone 
was  thus  obtained  without  cost  or  trouble ;  and,  being  sold  at  cheap  rates 
by  the  workmen,  became  very  popular  curiosities.  The  unfortunate 
result  however  was  that,  in  consequence  of  the  great  demand  for  these 
antiques,  a  regular  system  of  forgeries  was  initiated,  and  conirejagont, 
chiefly  of  bone  objects,  have  found  their  way  half  over  Europe.  The 
bronze  reliques  from  Et^tavayer,  on  the  lake  of  Neuch&tcl,  and  especially 
the  knives,  are  remarkable  for  their  richness  of  omameutation.     We  give 


/ 


Br.MZe  Knif.«.  from  Coqc:m,   L.ik«  of  Ni*;ic)iitirl. 


a  woodcut  of  a  beautiful  s])ccimen   from  Concise,  on  tiie  opposite   ?i(ic 

of  the  lake. 

Ffahlhauten  have  been  discovered  in  many  other  hikes  of  Switzerland, 
but  do  not  appear  to  have  l)een  yet  investigated.  The  researches,  how- 
ever, carried  on  in  the  small  lakes  of  Pfiiffikon,  near  Zurich,  and  of 
Wauwyl,  near  Lucerne,  have  been  attended  with  the  most  interesting 
results,  as  illustrative  of  the  zoology  of  the  very  early  period  when  man* 
kind  inhabited  such  dwellings. 

Jiut  2]fMf>ff^(t(.'n  remains  are  not  confined  to  Switzerland  alone.  Tht-v 
are  found  in  the  lake  of  Annecy,  in  Savoy ;  in  the  lakes  of  Upper  Italv ; 
in  Hanover,  Brandenburg,  and,  as  it  is  tliought,  in  Denmark ;  and  present 
a  striking  analogy  with  those  most  curious  lake-constructions  of  our  own 
land,  the  Irish  crannogea.  In  fact,  when  the  subject  becomes  better  known 
througliout  Europe,  the  discoveries  of  such  remains  will  not  be  of  unfrc- 
qucnt  occurrence.  The  face  of  nature  is  continually  changing,  and  inu«t 
have  chanj^ed  trroatly  since  men  dwelt  in  pfahlbauten.  Bivers  have  changed 
their  course,  lakes  have  been  drained,  or  subsided  into  peat- muran ;   but 


<T.  Mio.  Vot.  CCIX. 


590  Pfahlbauten;  or,  [Dec. 

in  their  old  sites  pfahlbauten  may  be  looked  for,  whenever  the  adjacent 
country  is  found  to  possess  c^her  traces  of  the  memorials  of  the  culture 
of  the  stone-age. 

The  number  of  the  pfahlbau  settlements  discovered,  and  the  attentive 
examination  they  have  undergone,  remove  all  doubts  as  to  the  process 
of  construction.  A  spot  with  a  sunny  aspect  seems  to  have  been  chosen 
in  some  little  bay  that  would  in  a  degree  shelter  it  from  the  full  force  of  the 
waves,  and  any  shore  but  one  with  a  rocky  bottom  served  the  purpose. 
The  site  being  decided  on,  the  nearest  trees  in  the  adjacent  forest  were 
felled  for  piles.  There  seems  to  have  been  no  partiality  for  any  particular 
wood ;  oak,  ash,  fir,  were  indiscriminately  taken^-even  cherry  and  apple- 
stems,  if  at  hand ;  and  it  is  curious  to  find  in  the  lake  of  Pfaffikon  that 
the  fir-tree  has  lasted  better  than  the  oak.  Then  came  the  process  of 
pointing  the  piles,  which  must  have  been  a  troublesome  business  in  die 
days  of  stone  axes. 

One  would  like  to  know  how  the  pile-driving  was  managed,  but  driven 
the  piles  were,  at  a  distance  of  from  one  to  three  hundred  feet  from  the 
shore,  at  a  depth  of  six  or  seven  feet,  gradually  advancing  into  deeper 
water.  They  were  then  extended  parallel  with  the  shore  till  the  pfdklban 
assumed  somewhat  of  the  form  of  a  narrow  parallelogram.  At  Morgps, 
on  the  lake  of  Geneva,  the  piles  extend  '*  1,200  feet  in  length,  by  120  in 
width,  giving  a  platform  surface  of  some  18,000  feet.  On  this  M.  Troj-on 
calculates  that  some  316  cabins  may  easily  have  stood;  which,  only  allow- 
ing four  persons  to  a  cabin,  would  give  a  population  of  1,264."  On  these 
piles,  driven  at  short  intervals,  was  laid  a  platform  on  which  stood  the 
cabins,  constructed,  as  there  is  good  authority  for  believingp  of  wattled 
work  plastered  with  clay.  From  the  extraordinary  number  of  reliques 
found  it  is  supposed  the  planks  of  the  platforms  were  not  set  doie 
together,  and  that  things  were  hence  continually  falling  through ;  bnt 
there  would  scarcely  appear  need  for  such  an  hypothesis.  It  is  clear  that 
the  great  mass  of  pfahlbauten  were  fired,  purposely  or  accidentally.  In 
buildings  so  constructed  fire  would  spread  too  rapidly  to  allow  the  in« 
habitants  to  save  much  of  their  property,  which  accordingly  would  sink  to 
the  bottom  of  the  lake.  Indeed,  the  carbonised  state  of  many  things,  espe- 
cially the  vegetable  products,  has  preserved  them  for  the  examination  of 
modern  science.  The  pfahlbau  system,  initiated  in  the  stone-age,  must  have 
endured  through  that  of  bronze,  or  Keltic,  till  at  least  the  introduction  of 
iron,  and  the  Roman  sway  in  Helvetia.  This  would  seem  proved  by  the  ftict 
that  several  iron  swords,  about  three  feet  long,  with  blades  somewhat  over 
two  inches  in  width,  and  iron  scabbards,  which  Colonel  Schwab's  continued 
research  has  reclaimed  from  the  lakes  of  Bienne  and  NeuchAtel,  are  indis- 
putably of  the  very  same  type  we  recognise  at  present  as  Romano-British 
and  Gallo-Koman,  that  is,  of  the  late  Roman  period,  when  the  influence 
of  an  alien  taste  becomes  visible  in  Roman  manufactures.     Following  soch 


I860.]         The  Ancient  Lake-Dwellings  t^  Swxlzerland. 


term  these  cwonU  from  the  Swiss 


a  classification,  therefore, 
lakes  Helveto- Roman, 
though  the  Swiss  anti- 
quaries, from  the  want 
of  opportuciity  of  com- 
parison, eeem  at  present 
rather  puzzled  about 
Ihem.  The  annexed  cuU 
represent  the  upper  por- 
tion, back  and  front,  of 
one  of  these  swords, 
from  the  lake  of  Bienne.  still  in  its  iron  sheath ;  and  the  scabbard-point  of 
another  fiom  the  lake  of  NeuchateL     The  archeeologieal  reader  is  thus 


enabled  to  institute  a  comparison  with  the  ezamplea  of  similar  weapons  as 
given  in  the  pages  of  the  Collectanea  Antiqua,  and  elsewhere  •■.  Whether 
the  p/ahlbauten  continued  in  use  to  a  later  period,  like  the  crannoyet  of 
Ii'fland.  can  only  be  determined  by  future  investigation. 

Wliiit  know  we  of  tbe  every-day  life  of  these  ancient  lake-dwellers? 
1'hesc  recent  discoveiies  have  revealed  a  degree  of  culture  in  the  stone- 
period  of  these  forest  and  mountain  wilds  for  which  we  are  not  at  all 
prepared.  That  they  should  have  laid  in  stores  of  such  wild  fruits  aa  the 
forest  voluntarily  showered  upon  them,  as  acorns,  beech-mast,  nuts,  &c., 
we  might  well  expect, — but  not  com.  Yet  in  the  massea  of  carbonised 
grain  discovered  at  Wangen,  and  elsewhere,  Frofessor  Oswald  Heer  recog- 
nises  several  cereals, — tritieum  vulgare ;  triticwn  dieoeeon  ;  alao  hordeum 
dhtich<m,  and  hordeam  hexaglichon.  The  p/ahlbavten  at  Wangen  and 
Kobenhausen  have  also  furnished  abundant  examples  of  a  coarse  bread 
savouring  rather  of  bruised  corn  than  meal.  It  was  probably  baked  oo 
hot  stones,  and  covered  with  hot  embers,  just  as  in  the  Rigsmaal  Saga 
"  Kdda  drew  out  from  the  embers  a  bread-cake,  heavy,  sticky,  and  fall  of 
bran."     In  the  same  p/ahlbau,  too,  were  stores  of  apples  and  pean  cut 


''  CoUerlanea  Aittiq-iia,  voL  iii.  p.  67,  and  iv.  pp.  28, 153,  pi.  i 
ttie  Soc.  of  Antiqiuuies,  vd.  ii.  p.  199. 


u;  Proceedingt  of 


Pfaklbauten;  or. 


[Dec. 


into  halves  and  quEUlers,  and  dried  in  the  sun  for  ninter  food.  The  custom 
holds  in  Switzerland  to  this  day,  and  these  dried  apple-cuttings  are  sold 
hf  measure  in  the  markets  under  the  name  of  tcnitze.  From  the  «ze 
of  some  of  this  carbonised  fruit  it  would  appear  that  the  apples  nn«t  haTe 
been  of  a  cultivated  kind, — bo  these  people  were  acquainted  to  a  certain 
degree  not  only  with  com,  but  with  fruit  culture. 

Flax  and  hemp  they  cert^nly  bad,  and  the  means  of  spinning  it,  which 
was  of  the  last  necessity  for  their  nets.  Nothing  exists  to  shew  any  know* 
ledge  of  the  art  of  weaving,  hut  they  contrived  to  manufacture  a  coarae 
flaxen  plaited  material.  In  addition  to  their  other  means  of  subsiBtence 
they  had  always  the  lake  at  commwd,  and  the  great  variety  of  fish-hooks 
discovered  shews  that  they  knew  how  to  take  full  advantage  of  it  with 
the  line  as  well  as  the  net. 

With  the  art  of  pottery  it  is  abundantly  dear  thai  they  were  well  ac- 
quainted, nor  were  their  fabrications  unpleasing,  as  will  be  seen  ham  the 
few  examples  now  given.      Fig.  1  is  a  vessel  from  Wangen,  a  gfahlban 


purely  of  the  early  stone-period  on  the  lake  of  Constance.  It  is  of  a  grey 
clay,  mixed  with  particles  of  stone.  Figs.  2  are  from  the  lakes  of  Bienne, 
and  represent  a  very  curious  description  of  pottery.  The  form  of  the  patera 
is  by  no  means  inelegant; 
the  material  is  coarse,  and 
coloured  red  and  black.  Pre- 
cisely similar  vessels  have 
been  found  by  Dr.  F.  Keller 
in  very  old  Helvetic  graves. 
Figs.  3  are  of  black  pottery 
bota  the  lake  of  Neuch&tel. 

That  the  pjahlbau  dwellers  were  herdsmen  would  seem  abaDdantlT 
proved  by  the  remains  of  oxen,  sheep,  and  goats  found  around  their  old 
habitations.     Consequently  they  must  have  posHSsed  the  meaui  of  pro- 


I860.]         The  Ancient  Lake-Dwellings  of  Stvitzerland.  593 

curing  and  storing  forage  for  them  in  winter,  or  they  must  have  perished 
in  the  snows  when  the  chamois  itself  with  difficulty  finds  subsistence  ^. 

In  so  wild  a  country  they  could  not  but  have  been  bold  hunters.  In 
fact,  the  remains  of  wild  animals,  slain  in  the  chase,  also  abound,  and 
among  these  are  the  now  extinct  species  of  the  aurochs  and  the  bison  ^. 

The  knowledge  of  fruits  and  cereals  particularly  distinguishes  these  early 
inhabitants  of  Switzerland  from  the  aborigines  of  the  shores  of  Denmark. 
There  the  careful  research  of  the  Danish  savans  shews  that  the  kjoekken- 
moedding  ^,  or  culinary  debris  of  these  primseval  settlers,  though  possessing 

*=  Tscbudi,  Thierlehen  der  AlpentoelL 

^  Dr.  Riitimeyer  of  Bale,  to  whose  careful  examination  ihefcmna  of  the  pfaMboMten 
were  submitted,  snms  up  the  various  species  in  the  following  table,  to  which  his  subse- 
quent examination  of  the  Concise  remains  has,  we  believe,  added  one  or  two  more : — 

1.  Ursus  Arctos.  22.  Cervus  Dama. 

2.  Meles  vulgaris.  23.  Capra  Ibea. 

3.  Mustek  Foina.  24      „      Hircos. 

4.  „       martes.  25.  Ovis  Aries. 

5.  „       Putorius.  26.  Bos  Primigenius. 

6.  „       Erminea.  27.    „    Bison. 

7.  Lutra  vulgaris.  28.    „    Taurus  domesticus. 

8.  Canis  Lupus.  29.  Falco  Milvns. 

9.  „     Vulpes.  30.      „    palumbarius. 

10.  „    familiaris.  31.      „    Nisus. 

11.  Felis  Catus.  32.  Columba  Palumbus. 

12.  Erinaceus  Europieus.  33.  Anas  Boschas. 

13.  Castor  Fiber.  34.  „    qaerqoedala  ? 

14.  Sciurus  europsens.  35.  Ardea  cinerea. 

15.  Sus  Scrofa  palustris.  36.  Cistudo  europea. 

16.  „        „      ferus.  37.  Rana  esculenta. 

17.  „        „      domesticus.  38.  Salmo  Salar. 

18.  Equus  Caballus.  39.  Esox  Lucius. 

19.  Cervus  Alces.  40.  Cyprinus  Carpio. 

20.  „      Elaphus.  41.        „        teuciscus. 

21.  „       Capreolus. 

It  must  be  remarked  that  the  Sus  scrofa  palustris  is  a  distinct  variety  of  the  hog 
tribe,  which  Professor  Riitimeyer  discovered  among  the  pfaMbauten  fauna,  and  con- 
sidered as  extinct.     It  is,  however,  supposed  still  to  exist  in  the  Orisons. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  hare  is  not  included  in  the  foregoing  list  ofpfahlbauten 
faunOf  nor  have  any  remains  of  the  animal  been  observed  during  the  researches ;  yet 
it  is  a  creature  easily  trapped,  and  abounds  in  the  country.  It  is  worth  notice  that 
the  hare  is  also  wanting  in  the  fauna  of  the  Danish  kjoekkenmoedding,  and  that  the 
Lapps  of  the  present  day  connect  it  with  some  superstition,  and  abstun  from  its  flesh 
scrupulously,  unless  pressed  by  the  most  urgent  necessity.  CsBsar  relates  the  same 
peculiarity  of  the  Britons,  De  Bell.  Gall.,  v.  c  12. 

«  The  kjoekkenmoedding,  literally,  'kitchen  refbse/  are  very  singular  aocomula- 
tioDs  of  the  refuse  of  the  repasts  of  the  early  occupiers  of  Denmark.  They  are  found 
on  the  shore  in  many  places,  and  consist  of  the  shells  and  bones  of  fish,  with  the  re- 
mains of  birds  and  quadrupeds  in  masses  of  from  three  to  five  feet,  sometimes  even 
attaining  ten  feet,  in  thickness.  They  oocasionally  are  found  to  contain  fragments  of 
a  rude  pottery,  and  flint  implements  roughly  formed ;  but  metals  never  oocor. 


594  Pfahlbauten;  or,  [Dec. 

a  rich  fauna,  are  very  deficient  in  vegetable  remains,  and  entirely  so  in 
cereals.  Hence  M.  Morlot,  in  the  valuable  essay  Camparaison  du  Nord  aoee 
la  Suisse,  in  his  Etudes  G^ologtco-Archeologiques,  observes,  '*  ce  fait 
pourrait  porter  k  admettre  un  second  &g^  de  la  pierre,  posterieor  k  celui 
des  lyoekkeninoedding,  s*il  etait  prouve,  que  la  population  qui  a  accumul^ 
ces  dep6ts  de  coquillages  sur  les  c6te8  du  Danemark,  ne  connaissait  pas 
Tagriculture." 

Everything  in  fact  at  the  pfahlbauten  tells  of  the  quiet,  settled  occupa- 
tion of  a  primitive  race  of  farmers,  hunters,  and  fishermen,  who,  in  thus 
establishing  their  homes  above  the  floods,  either  adhered  to  the  traditions 
of  their  Oriental  descent  ^  or  sought  security  from  their  foes.  Whether 
their  cattle  were  also  conveyed  to  the  pfahlbauten,  as  Herodotus  tells 
us  of  the  Pseonians  in  lake  Prasias,  cannot  be  ascertained.  It  would 
seem  difficult  to  conceive  how  they  could  have  done  so  without  causeways, 
and  these  have  not  generally  been  discovered.  Probably  they  were  securely 
parked  in  at  night  on  the  shore  with  strong  palisades  against  attacks  of 
beasts  of  prey.  Of  course  they  must  have  fallen  to  any  invaders  strong 
enough  to  compel  the  retreat  of  the  owners  to  the  pfahlbauten,  which 
in  such  case,  moreover,  could  hardly  have  been  protected  from  fiery  pro- 
jectiles :  and  in  this  way  many  probably  perished. 

One  of  the  most  curious  matters  connected  with  a  people  thus  living  in 
isolated  wilds,  at  so  early  a  period,  would  be  their  commercial  relations. 
Flint,  and  afterwards  copper,  as  we  have  seen,  were  positive  necessities, — 
without  which  life  could  not  be  carried  on, — yet  Switzerland  produced 
neither  of  these  materials  !  Flint  was  obtainable  in  Graul ;  copper,  perhaps, 
in  Britain  ;  nephrite,  evidently,  from  its  extreme  hardness,  a  most  valuable 
commodity,  was  only  to  be  procured  in  the  East.  The  Moosseedorf  remains 
shew  that  flint  weapons  were  manufactured  on  the  pfahlbauten  platforms, 
and  the  celt-moulds  of  the  lakes  of  Geneva  and  Neuchatel  would  point  to 
the  casting  of  copper  in  the  country.  But  the  long  transport  of  such 
materials  to  an  inland  country  must  have  been  attended  with  great  diffi- 
culty ;  and  it  is  hard  to  see  what  the  pfahlbauten  dwellers  could  have 
rendered  in  commercial  exchange  beyond  the  produce  of  their  flocks  and 
herds,  and  the  uncertain  peltry  of  the  chase. 

It  is  invariably  found  that  human  remains  are  of  very  rare  occurrence, 
and  are  mostly  those  of  children  who  may  be  supposed  to  have  acci- 
dentally perished.  From  this  fact  we  may  presume  the  settlers  had  their 
burial-places  on  shore  ;  but  thus  far  they  have  not  been  found.  It  would 
also  shew  that  when  the  pfahlbauten  were  attacked,  and  fired,  the  in- 


'  It  is  worth  obflerving  that  the  custom  of  dwelling  in  such  oonstmctions  still  ooo* 
tinues  in  some  parts  of  Asia.  In  Borneo  and  New  Qninea  gfaklbauitm  viUasct 
abound;  probably  also  throughout  the  Philippine  archipelago.  In  Bomiah  it  is  Um 
common  osage  of  the  country  to  build  houses  raised  above  the  gnmnd  on  piles. 


I860.]  The  Aiicient  Lake-Dwellings  of  Switzerland.  595 

habitants  contrived  to  escape  in  their  boats.  Very  little,  however,  would 
be  gained  by  an  examination  of  a  few  chance  crania,  even  if  such  should 
occur.  Except  under  the  most  favourable  contingency,  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  decide  whether  they  were  those  of  the  pfahlhauten  inhabitants 
at  all. 

We  have  already  said  there  is  a  great  analogy  between  pfahlhauten  and 
the  crannoges  of  Ireland,  inasmuch  as  they  were  both  contrived  as  dwelling- 
places  for  mankind  in  the  midst  of  waters,  with  a  view  to  security ;  and 
that  both  appear  to  date  from  the  stone-age.  They  differ,  however,  from 
each  other,  inasmuch  as  the  crannoges  are,  we  believe  without  exception, 
islands  of  an  artificial  and  varying  construction,  while  in  the  Swiss  lakes 
such  attempts  at  insular  solidity  but  rarely  occur.  They  have  been  noticed 
at  the  Nidau  Steinberg,  as  the  name  denotes ;  and  at  another  point  also 
in  the  lake  of  Bienne,  where  a  boat,  laden  with  stone  for  such  a  construc- 
tion, still  lies  at  the  bottom  of  the  lake.  This  boat  is  of  the  description 
termed  einhdume.  It  is  hollowed  out  of  the  trunk  of  an  enormous  tree, 
being  fifty  feet  long,  by  four  wide.  Similar  attempts  at  stone  islands  appear 
at  Corcelettes,  and  at  Concise,  in  the  lake  of  Neuchatel ;  and  still  more 
perfect  attempts  at  crannoge  constructions  have  been  found  at  Inkwyl  lake, 
near  Soleure ;  at  Nussbaumen,  in  the  canton  of  Thurgau ;  and  Wauwyl, 
near  Lucerne.  It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  from  the  fevv  examples  found, 
that  constructions,  in  any  way  approaching  the  crannoge  system,  are  per- 
fectly exceptional. 

The  archsBological  world  is  under  great  obligations  to  Dr.  Keller  for 
this  discovery,  which,  if  it  does  not  vie  in  splendour  with  those  of  Pompeii 
and  Herculaneum,  may  prove  in  its  results  still  more  important  for  history 
and  ethnology.  These  researches  have  had  the  singular  good  fortune  to 
be  conducted  with  great  energy,  not  as  a  curiosity  quest,  but  a  matter  of 
science ;  and  the  manner  in  which  the  results  have  been  handled  reflects 
the  greatest  honour  on  the  antiquaries  of  Switzerland. 


596  [Dec. 


SCANDINAVIAN  OLD-LORE  AND  ANTIQUITIES. 

It  cannot  but  be  interesting  for  our  British  antiquaries  and  intelligent 
public  now  and  then  to  cast  an  eye  on  what  is  passing  among  oar  Scan- 
dinavian kinsmen.  Many  a  hint  will  thus  be  given,  and  attention  directed 
to  points  illustrative  of  our  domestic  researches.  The  field  of  Northern 
language,  and  literature,  and  mythology  is  one,  though  it  is  natural  that 
its  English  and  Scandinavian  branches  demand  their  local  students  and 

diggers. 

The  Edda  Songs  are  daily  undergoing  careful  study,  and  not  without 
excellent  results.  Criticism  and  philology  have  already  considerably  modi- 
fied older  errors  both  of  translation  and  mythic  contents.  A  fresh  con- 
tribution in  this  direction  is  a  Swedish  examination  of  HdvanuU*,  in  which 
students  of  Old-Northern  literature  will  find  good  help  to  a  proper  un- 
derstanding of  this  heathen  Book  of  Proverbs. 

In  "Four  Introductory  Lectures^,"  by  newly  appointed  professors  in 
TJpsala,  we  find  some  interesting  subjects  well  treated.  The  first,  by 
Hedenius,  is  on  the  medical  system  of  Hippocrates;  the  second,  by 
Malmstrom,  gives  a  brilliant  sketch  of  Swedish  literature  from  Stjernhjelm 
to  Qustaf  III.,  in  which  the  disastrous  effect  produced  on  all  high  art  by 
the  licentious  Theatre- King  is  well  shewn;  the  third,  from  the  pen  of 
Hiiltman,  rapidly  and  impartially  treats  the  development  and  decline  of 
the  Papacy  during  the  Middle  Ages.  But  we  would  particularly  direct 
attention  to  the  fourth,  by  Carl  Siive ;  this  lecture,  delivered  on  assuming 
the  chair  of  Northern  Language  and  Literature,  discusses  the  meaning  of 
the  names  borne  by  the  Northern  gods,  and  is  a  treatise  no  less  elegant 
in  form  than  profound  and  clear.  While,  as  is  our  right,  objecting  to 
certain  details,  we  cheerfully  admit  that  it  gives  -  concisely  and  distinctly 
— admirable  explanations  of  the  old  mythological  personifications  of  our 
Northern  ancestors,  and  we  can  promise  our  readers  a  rich  treat  in 
its  pages. 

Harald  Fairfax's  famous  son  Hakon,  known  as  Hakon  the  Good,  or 
Athelstan's  Fostri,  from  his  having  been  fostered  up  in  the  court  of  our 
King  Athelstan,  died  in  961.  He  was  a  monarch  so  great  that  be  has 
been  called  the  second  founder  of  Norway,  and  is  in  the  remembrance  of 
all  our  readers.  They  are  also  familiar  with  that  grand  poem  to  his 
honour,  which  was  wTitten  by  his  kinsman  and  poet-laareate,  £}-Tind 
the  Scald-Spiller,  (Bard-eclipser).     An  excellent  edition  of  this  splendid 

*  Inlediiing  till  Havainal,  ellur  Odens  Song.  Akadcmisk  Afluuidling.  Af  A.  J. 
lliizolius.    Upsiila,  186(>,  8vo.,  39  pp. 

^  l''yni  lutradetj  Forclauningcr.     Upsalu,  1859,  8vo.,  00  pp. 
3 


I860.]  Scandinavian  Old-Lore  and  Antiquities,  597 

commemoration-song  has  just  been  issued  in  Upsala*^,  with  a  carefully 
edited  text.  Introduction,  Swedish  translation  and  explanatory  notes,  the 
whole  from  the  pen  of  a  young  scholar,  B>.  Cederstrom. 

The  Northern  Literary  Society  of  Gheapinghaven  has  contributed  a  new 
volume,  this  time  one  which  gives  us  sagas  of  other  than  the  usual  class, 
namely,  what  we  may  call  the  popular  novel  of  Iceland.  It  was  natural 
that  a  taste  for  romantic  fiction  should  spring  up,  and  should  go  side  by 
side  with  the  invaluable  historical  and  mythical  songs  and  compilations. 
Accordingly,  from  the  twelfth  century  downwards  we  have  not  only  a 
succession  of  champion-lays,  and  fairy-tales,  and  Arthurian  and  Charle- 
magnic  adventures  transKited  and  imitated  from  the  Latin,  Anglo-Norman, 
and  German,  but  also  original  works  by  Icelandic  Walter  Scotts,  Bulwers, 
and  Dickenses,  all  of  which  admirably  illustrate  the  language,  the  manners, 
and  the  superstitions  of  the  country.  Those  given  us  in  this  volume  ^  are 
as  follows : — 

''  Bart$arsaga  Snsefellsass,*'  written  about  the  year  1300,  or  a  little  later, 
a  tale  of  giant  and  goblin  adventure.     It  also  contains  splendid  verses. 

'^  Viglundarsaga,"  from  the  close  of  the  fourteenth  age,  an  Icelandic 
love-story  of  a  very  romantic  character,  also  containing  some  noble  verses. 

**f6rt$arsaga  hret$u,"  a  fragment  from  old  parchment  leaves,  in  the 
highest  degree  interesting.  The  complete  saga,  but  in  a  somewhat 
modernised  form,  was  published  by  the  same  Society  in  1848. 

^^  Draumavitranir,"  most  curious  contributions  to  the  dream  superstitions 
of  the  old  I^orthmen.  No.  1  is  "  Stjomu-Odda  Draumr,"  from  the  middle 
or  end  of  the  thirteenth  century;  so  romantic  as  to  remind  us  of  the 
Arabian  Tales.  It  contains  charming  poetry.  No.  2,  ''Bergbua  )>dttr,*' 
which  might  be  called  the  death-lay  of  the  last  giant.  It  is  from  the 
middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  has  its  characteristic  stanzas. 
No.  3,  "  Kumlbtia  fdttr,"  from  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  burial- 
mound  legend,  with  two  stanzas.  No.  4,  "  Draumr  )>orsteins  SiSu-Halls- 
sonar,"  from  the  twelfth  century,  with  verses  ^.  Illustrates  the  superstitions 
of  the  second  sight. 

Last  of  all,  and  very  curious,  is  **  Volsa  )>dttr,*'  with  its  naive  and  laugh- 
able verse-quotings.     It  is  a  strange  story,  but  valuable  as  being  the  only 


<^  Forsok  till  tolkning  och  fdrklaring  af  HikonarmoL  Akademisk  Afhandling  af 
Rndolf  Cederstrom.    Upsala,  1860,  8vo.,  26  pp. 

<*  Mr^arsaga  Soffifells^ss,  Yiglundarsaga,  )><5r^ar8aga,  Dranmavitranir,  Volm-H^ttr. 
Ved  Qut$brandr  YigfiiBson.  Udgivet  af  det  Nordiske  Literatnr-Samfiind.  Ejoben- 
bavn,  1860, 12mo.,  xviiL  and  178  pp. 

*  This  dream  was  first  published  in  Germany,  by  Mbbius, — "  Sagan  af  >orrteini 
Si^a-Halls  Syni  ok  Draumr  )K)ntein8  Si'Sa-Halls  Sonar,"  I^ipzig,  1859,  8vo.,  18  pp. 
This  is  in  fact  separately  printed  from  that  gentleman's  "  Analecta  Norrona,"  Leipzig, 
1859,  8vo. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX.  4  b 


598  Scandinavian  Old-Lore  and  Antiquities.  [Dec. 

Icelandic  memorial  extant  connected  with  the  old  heathen  Priapas  worship. 
It  18  antique,  probably  from  the  twelfth  century. 

The  learned  editor  has  given  an  Introduction,  Notes,  Helps  and  Index. 
Almost  everything  in  his  volume  has  either  never  been  printed  before,  or 
has  been  badly  done  from  inferior  or  defective  manuscripts. 

There  is  another  large  class  of  romantic  sagas,  those  whose  scene  and 
manners  are  Continental,  or  Oriental,  or  Biblical,  &c.,  not  Icelandic  or 
Scandinavian.  The  last  one  of  this  kind  which  has  been  made  public  is 
"The  Tale  of  fjalar-J6nV  commencing,  "  Vilhjdlmr  hefir  konung  heitiS. 
er  re«  fyrir  Frakklandi,"  (William  was  a  king  bight,  who  ruled  over 
Frank-land  [France]). 

Among  the  works  which  have  lately  appeared  relating   to   Northern 
history,  we  would  point  out  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  biography  of 
the  Icelandic  magistracy,  ''  The  Roll  of  the  Lawsay-men  and  Law-men  of 
Iceland,  from  927  to  1800.'*     It  is  by  the  accomplished  J6n  SigurtSsson,  is 
drawn  up  from  all  sorts  of  sources,  both  incidental  and  direct,  and  is  enriched 
with  much  detailed  information  s.     In  another  direction  we  have  an  im- 
portant grammatical  work,  FritSriksson's  "Icelandic  Orthography**."    Both 
the  above  are  published  by  the  Icelandic  Society  of  Copenhagen,  which 
ought  to  have  far  more  English  members  than  is  at  present  the  case.     Still 
it  is  pleasant  to  add  that  we  are  beginning  to  pay  off  some  part  of  our  debt 
to  these  Northern  brothers.     Not  only  have  many  British  gentlemen  paid 
large  sums  in  order  to  assist  as  "Founders*'  in  the  Royal  Society  of 
Northern  Antiquaries,  but  a  direct  gift  has  lately  been  made  to  the  Ice- 
landers, the  especial  keepers  of  the  common  temple  of  our  ancient  traditbns. 
and  speech,  and  song.     By  a  codicil  to  his  will,  dated  August  15,  1853. 
Charles  Kelsall,  Esq.,  has  left  £1,000  in  New  South-Sea  Annuities  for 
building  a  new  library  at  Reykjavik ;  and  the  amount,  realizing  £838,  has 
already  reached  Iceland.      We  may  add  that  Bligh  Peacock,  Esq.,  of 
Sunderiand,  has  just  offered  a  prize  of  £5  (another  gentleman  adding  a 
second  prize  of  £3)  for  the  best  Essay  by  a  native  Icelander  on  the  best 
method  of  developing  the  resources  of  that  island  and  adding  to  the  comforts 
of  the  people,  all  founded  on  the  principle,  "  Help  yourself,  and  Heaven 
will  help  you.*'     The  prizes  will  be  adjudged  next  year,  by  the  Goancil  of 
the  Icelandic  Literary  Society. 

Before  leaving  this  subject  we  may  add,  that  if  any  gentleman  wishes 
to  indulge  in  the  very  latest  Icelandic  verse,  by  some  of  her  cleverest 
litterateurs,  and  elegantly  printed  on  fine  paper,  he  may  gratify  his  taste 


'  Sagan  af  )>jahu'- Jdni.  Oefin  ut  af  Gunnlaugi  |K$r«anyiu.  KortiriS  af  Xgti  J^oi- 
syni.    Reykjavik,  1857,  8vo.,  64  pp. 

I  Safn  til  Sogu  Islands  og  Islenzkra  Bdkmenta  atS  fomn  og  n)jii,  11^  1,  8va, 
KaapmAnnahofn,  1860, 176  pp.,  Lbgsogaraanna  Tal  og  Ldgmanna  i  Iflandi. 

^  Islcnzkar  Bjcttritunar-rcglar.    Reykjavik,  1859,  8vo^  zvi.  and  S46  pp. 


I860.]  Scandinavian  Old^Lore  and  Antiquities,  599 

by  ordering  the  subjoined  work^,  which  contains  many  charming  pieces. 
Several  of  them  are  translations,  and  of  these  some  are  from  Gray,  Burns, 
Thomas  Moore,  &c. 

We  may  add  that  the  sister-dialect  Gothic  has  not  been  entirely  neglected 
of  late.  Herr  I.  Lundgren  ^  has  given  an  excellent  edition  of  the  Comment 
on  St.  John's  Gospel,  accompanied  by  a  Swedish  translation  and  a  large 
number  of  useful  philological  notes. 

The  rise  of  cities  in  modern  Europe,  and  all  the  momentous  results  which 
have  flown  therefrom,  is  a  subject  worthy  of  careful  study.  This  is  espe- 
cially the  case  with  the  Gothic  nations,  with  whom  the  city  is  a  modem  de- 
velopment in  comparison  with  the  Greek  and  Roman  civilization.  Even  at 
this  moment  the  so-called  towns  in  Scandinavia  are  for  the  most  part  little 
better  than  villages,  though  invested  with  municipal  forms  and  political 
influence.  As  a  learned  and  laborious,  and  yet  elegantly- written,  contribu- 
tion to  the  details  of  this  subject,  we  have  great  pleasure  in  pointing  out  a 
new  work  by  Odhner,  full  of  information  on  the  history  of  the  towns  in 
Sweden  ^.  It  begins  with  the  earliest  period,  traces  their  gradual  progress, 
the  eflforts  of  the  kings  to  create  by  their  means  centres  for  commerce  and 
bulwarks  against  the  usurpations  of  the  German  Hanse,  and  follows  them 
downwards  to  that  re-formation  of  their  self-government  under  Gustavus 
Adolphus  by  which  even  now  they  are  in  a  great  measure  distinguished. 

We  would  also  remark  in  passing  that  a  striking  treatise  has  been  written 
by  Herr  Nordstrom,  comparatory  of  the  causes  and  character  of  the  great 
revolutions  in  Sweden  and  in  England  °^.     It  is  well  worth  perusal. 

A  new  part  of  the  Northern  Antiquarian  Society's  Magazine  ^  has  ap- 
peared. It  continues  the  piquant  paper  of  Gisle  Brynjdlfsson  on  the  My- 
thological Hints  in  the  O.  N.  Poems,  and  copious  and  instructive  notices 
of  C.  R.  Smith's  Inventorium  Sepulchrale  by  Faussett,  Dasent's  North- 
men in  Iceland,  Rhind*s  British  Archaeology,  Lord  Londesborough's  An- 
tiquities, Wilde's  Antiquities  in  the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  Przezdziecki's 
Polish  Middle- Age  Monuments,  the  Bohemian  Journal  of  Archaeology, 
Kubinyi*s  Hungarian  Antiquities,  the  Old  Monuments  of  Venice  by  the 
Antiquarian  Commission  of  that  province.  Count  Conestabile's  Etruscan 


>  Svava  Ymisleg  Evse'Si  (MiBoellaneous  Poems)  eptfr  B.  Grdndal,  G.  Brynj^isoii, 
S.  Thorsteinson.     Kaapmannahofh,  1860,  8vo.,  zvi.  and  176  pp. 

^  Skeireins  Aivaggeljons  ]>airh  lohannen,  eller  Forklaring  ofver  Johanuif  Evan- 
gelium,  iron  Mosogotskan  ofversatt  ined  Anmarkningar.  Akademiak  Afhandling.  8vo., 
Uppsala,  1860,  33  pp. 

'  Bidrag  till  Svenaka  Stademas  och  Borgarestondets  Historia  fore  1633.  Akademisk 
Afhandling,  af  C.  Th.  Odhner.     Upsala,  1860,  8vo.,  92  pp. 

"^  Jemfdrelse  emellan  Statahvalfhingame  i  Sverig^  1680  och  i  England  1688. 
AkademUk  Alliandling,  af  S.  £.  T.  Nordstrom.    Upsala,  1860,  8vo.,  31  pp. 

°  Antiquarisk  Tidsskrift.  Udgivet  af  det  Eongelige  NordUke  Oldakrifb-Selikab. 
1855—1857  (Part  2  and  3).   Kjobenhavn,  1859,  8vo.,  zxz.  and  161—384  pp. 


600  Scanatnavtan  Old-Lore  and  Antiquities.  [Dec 

Inscriptions,  Koehne's  Museum  of  Prince  Kotschoubey,  MacPhenon's 
Antiquities  of  Kertsch,  Lord  Dufferin's  Letters  from  High  Latitudes,  Mirza 
Gheeoz-od-Deen's  Habeeb-os-Seear  (History  of  the  World),  and  the  Bajah 
Bahadura*s  Sanscrit  Encyclopeedia. 

Professor  Worsaae  has  lately  given  a  most  valuable  paper  on  the  right 
appreciation  and  distribution  of  our  oldest  European  antiquities  in  the 
Gothic  lands  ®.  He  has  succeeded  in  fixing  tioo  periods  of  stone  remains. 
The  older  one  is,  that  of  the  wild  nomadic  tribes  who,  thousands  of  years 
ago,  lived  in  savage  simplicity  near  the  coasts  and  river  banks,  had  no  ac* 
quaintance  with  metals,  and  have  left  the  kitchen  and  oyster-shell  heaps 
which  have  lately  excited  so  much  attention.  The  stone  implements  of 
this  age  are  plain,  and  coarse,  and  unpolished,  and  are  found  mixed  with 
a  few  articles  of  bone  and  some  very  coarse  clay  urns.  The  second  is  that 
of  the  stone  graves,  with  far  more  perfect  and  polished  stone  weapons  and 
better  clay  pots,  and  with  ornaments  of  amber.  The  dead  were  buried 
unburned. 

Next  as  to  bronze.  First  comes  a  transition  age.  Stone  implementi 
are  found  mixed  with  bronze.  The  bodies  continue  unburned,  in  chests  of 
flat  stones,  with  an  overlier.  Commonly  they  are  made  for  only  one  corpse, 
sometimes  buried  in  a  sitting  posture.  Then  come  the  oblong  stone-block 
graves,  with  coffins,  or  the  bodies  otherwise  protected  by  wood. 

A  third  period  shews  unburied  bodies  in  merely  earth-mounds,  or  other- 
wise, the  grave  not  being  of  stone,  but  marked  by  small  stones  above  or 
around. 

The  last  bronze  period  has  no  skeletons.  The  bodies  have  been  bomed, 
and  are  deposited  in  urns  or  on  the  ground.  Stone  tools,  &C.9  are  few, 
occurring  merely  as  amulets  or  holy-stones. 

The  older  the  bronze  the  more  elegant  it  is. 

As  to  iron.  Prof.  W.  also  points  out  two  periods.  The  first,  from  about 
the  time  of  Christ  to  about  the  end  of  the  fifth  century,  has  iron  weapons 
and  ornaments  clearly  of  Roman  origin,  or  imitatious  therefirom,  sometimes 
with  Roman  inscriptions  and  coins,  and  on  which  are  oocasionally  found 
Old-Northern  (vulgarly  called  Anglo-Saxon)  runes.  A  new  and  splendid 
field  for  finds  of  this  description  is  Brarup  Moss,  in  South  Jutland. 

Prom  A.D.  500  to  a.d.  1000,  or  down  to  the  Christian  era  in  Denmark, 
the  iron  is  of  a  different  form,  is  found  with  Byzantine  or  Cufic  ooins,  and 
where  there  are  runes,  they  are  Later-Northern,  (Scandinavian). 

Prof.  W.  concludes  his  delightful  sketch  with  an  account  of  the  oldest 
stone  weapons  and  tools,  with  palings,  &c.,  found  by  him,  during'  the  late 
dry  season,  ou  a  small  island  and  round  the  lake  of  Engestofte  in  Loland. 


o  Om  en  oy  Deling  af  Steen-og  Bronoealdereo,  og  om  et  markellgt  Fund  fra  dn 
ffildre  Steenalder  ved  Engestofte  paa  Laaland,  af  J.  J.  A.  WofiMS.  SfO.,  EjQlMnhaTiW 
1860,  37  pp. 


I860.]  A  Scene  in  Cumberland.  601 

This  islet  is  now  called  Worsaae's  Isle,  and  has  been  placed  by  the  owner 
under  the  protection  of  the  State.  It  is  not  often  that  an  antiquary  is  so 
nobly  thanked. 

And  no>¥  a  monument  not  the  less  curious,  although  it  is  not  a  printed 
book.  At  Kullans  in  Garum,  in  the  island  of  Gotland  (Sweden),  was 
formerly  a  chimney-support  of  iron,  three  and  a-half  feet  long,  covered 
with  a  runic  inscription.  It  was  bought  in  1800  by  the  antiquary  Hilfe- 
ling,  given  by  him  to  the  famous  collector  P.  Tham  of  Daganas  in  West- 
gothland,  bought  by  a  Frenchman  at  his  death,  and  had  since  disappeared. 
A  short  time  since  it  was  discovered  by  a  Swedish  artist  (Mandelguen)  in 
an  old  iron-shop  in  Paris,  has  been  bought  by  Professor  Carl  Save  of  Upsala, 
and  has  now  been  given  by  him  to  the  Museum  in  Visby,  the  capital  of  the 
island.     The  inscription  (transferred  into  Roman  letters)  runs : — 

BOTMimDR  :  KULLANS  :  HAN  :  LIT  :  OEBBA  :  HILAI  MUR  :  VEBK  :  OK  '.  8IALWR  : 
GERDE  :  TRBI  :  VIBK  I  STTTWTJ  :  OK  :  8UMAR  I  HUS  I  OK  :  TA  :  VAR  :  H  :  SUNUDAHR  : 

OK  :  K  :  BRIM  :  stawr  :  i  tretando  :  vado  :  ok  :  lyfthadis  :  a  :  sasta  :  simi 

JTJDE  :  AFTON MARGIT  :  HIT  :  HUSTRUN. 

'  Botmund  Kullans  he  let  gar  (make)  (the)  (w)hole  brick  work,  and  (he 
him)self  gard  (the)  tree  (wood)  work,  (the)  stue  (parlor)  and  summer 
house.  And  then  was  H  Sunday  (letter),  and  K  prime  stave  (the  golden 
number)  in  the  thirteenth  row.  And  was  finished  on  Saint  Simeon-and- 
Jude's  eve. — Margaret  bight  (was  named)  the-wife.' 

The  date  is  thus  October  28,  1487. 


A  SCENE  IN  CUMBERLAND. 

Eajlth  hath  not  many  a  fairer  spot  I  ween 
Than  this  lone  vale,  approached  by  paths  as  rude 
As  ever  led  to  Alpine  solitude ! 

Erom  early  morn  to  noon  my  steps  have  been 

Still  wending  upwards  through  a  stern  wild  scene 
Of  shaggy  fells,  besprinkled  here  and  there 
With  many  a  marshy  pool  or  sullen  mere ; 

Till,  having  passed  those  portal  rocks  between. 
My  eyes  were  gladdened  by  this  soft  green  vale, 

Smiling  in  silent  beauty,  far  apart 
Erom  town  or  highway.    There  no  poet's  tale 

Need'st  to  revisit  oft  the  gazer's  heart. 
Fairest  yet  loveliest  of  the  mountain  dells 
My  devious  steps  have  traced  on  Cumbria's  feUs. 

X. 


G02  [Dec. 


WOllKS  OF  THE  ROMANO- GAULISH  CERAMISTS. 

The  fictile   manufactures   of  the  ancients  are  justly  esteemed  by  tlie 
antiquary,  the  artist,  and  the  amateur,  as  some  of  the  most  interesting 
works  of  antiquity  which  have  come  down  to  our  own  times.     Their  vast 
number  and  variety,  and  the  marked  characteristics  which  prevail  equally 
among  those  of  the  lowest  with  those  of  the  highest  civilized  nations, 
admit  of  easy  recognition  and  classification,  and  thus  give  them  a  peculiar 
value  to  the  comparative  archaeologist.     From  the  rude  Celtic  sun-burnt 
urn  up  to  the  high  artistic  Etruscan,  Greek,  and  Roman  vessels,  there  are 
numerous  sub-divisions,  which  are  now  being  well  understood,  although 
not  very  many  years  since  they  were  misread  even  by  the  learned,  who 
often  founded  upon  them  the  most  illogical  and  wildest  theories.     Now 
well-directed,  learning  explains  with  decision  and  confidence  the    mytho- 
logical subjects  of  the  rich  and  costly  pottery  of  Italy  and  Greece  ;  and  the 
less  artistic,  but  not  less  instructive,  products  of  the  workers  in  clay  in 
Germany,  in  Gaul,  and  in  Britain.     The  latter  have  presented  by  far  the 
greater  difficulties,  because,  unlike  the  former,  they  seldom  carry  a  direct 
evidence  of  origin,  and  they  have  had  to  be  treated  by  the  slow  and  tedious 
processes  of  comparison,  and  the  results  submitted  to  the  test  of  the  labori- 
ous operations  of  the  spade  and  pickaxe. 

These  researches  have  led  to  conclusions  almost  unexpected.  It  if 
proved  that  extensive  establishments  of  workers  in  clay  flourished  in  Bri- 
tain during  the  Roman  epoch,  and  that  their  works  are  even  now  to  be 
recognised  in  reference  to  the  particular  localities  where  they  were  made, 
with  almost  as  much  certainty  as  a  collector  identifies  the  various  kinds  of 
china  and  porcelain,  and  recognises  old  Chelsea  ware,  early  and  late  Wedg- 
wood, and  the  numerous  varieties  of  foreign  and  home  manufieu^tures.  The 
practised  eye  can  discriminate  between  the  vessels  baked  in  the  Duro- 
brivian  and  those  fired  in  the  Cantian  potteries ;  and  can  as  easily  detect, 
from  leading  features,  the  origin  of  other  classes.  With  like  certainty  it 
can  distinguish  between  native  and  those  foreign  fictile  works  which  were 
imported  in  immense  quantities,  and  are  daily  brought  to  light  whenever 
the  sites  of  Roman  habitations  are  excavated. 

The  works  alluded  to  may  be  strictly  designated  pottery,  as  the  word  is 
usually  understood  ;  but  the  ancient  ceramists,  at  the  same  time,  executed 
in  clay  small  statues,  shrines,  figures  of  deities,  human  beings,  and  animals, 
which  are  by  no  means  of  common  occurrence.  To  an  extraordinary 
discovery  of  these  figurines  ^  or  statuettes  as  our  French  firiends  term  them, 
we,  on  the  present  occasion,  draw  attention,  feeling  convinced  the  novelty 
and  interest  of  the  subject  will  be  appreciated  by  many  of  our  readers  ss 


« « 


I860.]  Works  of  the  Romano-Gaulish  Ceramists.  603 

opening  a  new  field  of  archseological  inquiry,  and  as  materially  augmenting 
our  information  on  the  state  and  extent  of  one  of  the  most  important  in- 
dustrial arts  in  the  northern  provinces  of  the  Roman  empire. 

This  opportunity  is  afforded  us  by  the  exertions  of  M.  Eklmond  Tudot, 
of  Moulins,  in  the  department  of  the  Allier,  to  whom  the  chief  credit  of  the 
discovery  is  to  be  ascribed  ;  and  who  has  recently  published  his  successful 
researches,  and  those  of  his  colleagues,  in  a  manner  so  complete  in  text 
and  in  illustration  as  to  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  *.  The  plates  (litho- 
graphs) are  seventy -five  in  number,  which,  with  numerous  woodcuts,  pre- 
sent the  whole  of  the  objects  discovered,  (about  four  hundred,)  of  the  actual 
size,  from  faithful  and  spirited  drawings  by  the  author  himself,  whose  pro- 
fessional ability  will  be  estimated  by  the  examples  here  introduced,  which 
have  been  engraved  expressly  for  this  notice. 

The  site  of  the  discovery  is  in  a  field  called  Lary,  near  the  little  village 
of  Toulon,  to  the  south  of  Moulins.  Here  were  found  not  only  the  objects 
described,  but  the  remains  of  the  furnaces  in  which  they  had  been  fired, 
the  moulds  in  which  many  of  them  had  been  cast,  masses  of  the  white  clay 
which  composed  them,  and  other  indisputable  evidences  of  an  extensive 
establishment  of  ceramists,  which  appeared  to  have  existed  over  a  consider- 
able number  of  years,  perhaps  to  the  extent  of  two  or  three  centuries. 
The  manufacture  of  statuettes  and  other  works  in  white  clay  was  very 
evidently  the  principal  business  of  these  potters ;  their  settlement  at  this 
particular  spot  having  been  apparently  induced  by  the  abundance  of  the 
material  in  the  immediate  vicinity  where  are  situated  the  pits  which  fur- 
nished the  supply. 

The  woodcut  on  p.  604  gives  a  view  of  those  kilns  of  which  the  founda- 
tions and  walls  had  been  better  preserved  than  many  others  of  which  traces 
only  remained.  They  are  each  about  four  and  a-half  feet  wide,  and  about 
nine  feet  in  length  :  the  upper  portions  are,  unfortunately,  destroyed.  The 
masonry  is  composed  of  large  masses  of  clay  worked  into  the  form  of 
bricks,  the  dimensions  of  which  are  usually  18  inches  by  12  inches,  and 
8  inches  in  thickness.  The  furnaces  were  arranged,  as  appeared  by  these 
ruins,  in  groups  of  sometimes  a  dozen  or  fifteen. 

The  vast  collection  of  specimens  of  the  workmanship  of  the  potters, 
which  M.  Tudot  has  succeeded  in  publishing,  consists  of  moulds  bearing 
the  names  of  the  ceramists  who  executed  them ;  perfect  figures  of  divini- 
ties, and  of  personages  unknown  ;  busts,  medallions,  and  various  frag- 
ments ;  animals,  vases,  and  ornaments,  all  in  white  clay ;  matrices,  and 
punches  or  stamps  for  the  red  vases,  &c. 

Of  the  divinities  the  figures  of  Venus  are  by  far  the  most  numerous. 


*  Collection  de  Figarines  en  Argile,  oeuvres  premieres  de  V  art  GauloiB,  avec  les 
NoiDs  des  Ceraixiistcs  qui  les  ont  execut^es.  Par  Edmond  Tudot.  4to.  (Paris: 
Kollin.     1860.) 


TForkt  of  the  liomano-Gautuh  CermthU.  PDee. 


•^ 


0.] 


Works  of  the  Eomano-QaulUh  Ceramisla. 


They  are  of  various  types,  and  are  treated  with  more  or  less  skill,  as  is  the 
case  wilh  most  of  the  other  figures.  The  goddess  is,  in  some  examples, 
represented  as  standing  in  a  semicircular  alcove  or  shrine,  [eedicula,')  richly 
decorated.  These  shrines  exhibit  considerable  taste  and  elegance,  as  well 
as  diversity  of  design  and  orDamentation.    Yenus  is  the  only  deity  to  Trhoia 


Heigbt,  9  iDcbM  ;  widlb,  5  IncbM.  Ilelgbl,  JJ  Ischa. 

these  adiculie  are  allotted.     Figure  1  will  convey  a  notion  of  both;  and 
figure  2  represents  one  of  the  best-designed  figures  of  Minerva. 

Minerva  is  the  subject  of  comparatively  few  statuettes  ;  but  Abnndantia, 
with  cornucopia  and  patera,  (the  Dame  Ahunde  of  medieval  myths,)  ie  of 
frei]^tieiit  occurrence.  Still  more  popular  must  have  been  the  goddess  Fe- 
cundity, for  her  effigies  are  not  only  the  most  numerous  in  this  collection 
from  the  Allier,  but  they  are  also  to  be  met  with  in  maieums  and  cabinets  of 
local  anti(|uities  throughout  France*".    As  upon  coins,  she  holds  one  or  two 


centlj  been  found  at  CanterbiiTy. 


Work*  of  the  Bomano-Omiliah  CeramitU. 


[Dec. 


infants  in  bei'  ht  us,  ixv.i  is  sealed  in  a  cliair  af  wicker-work  with  ft  tiigh 
Fix. !.  bncli  (fig.  3).     There  in  no  duobt  that  there 

deities,  Abuiidantia  and  Fecunditas,  bear  re- 
IniioH  to  tlK>  deK  matret  of  iDscriptions  and 
monuments,  as  M.  Tuilot  ohiiervefl.      The 
motive  which  rendered  them  all  bo  very  popu- 
lar was  the  same ;  but  at  the  same  time  ther 
not  identical.    The  de<e  matrea  are,  wheo 
,   represented,  invarialily  a  trinity  ;  these  wliite 
\  clay  figuies  are  single  and  not  grouped ;  the 
I  hitte  riire  a   personification  of  human  ft- 
I  cundity,  the  former  typify  the  fruitfulncM  of 
I  the  fields,  the  vineyards,  the  orcbarda,  and 
I  woods.      In  one  instance,  (No.  51.)  • 
rabbit,  an  emblem  of  fecundity,  \%  intiB> 
diicei)  instead  of  the  infant ;   and  tone  of 
the   figures   are   BCCniii)iaiiied    by   s   aingle 
infant,  or  by  three  children  standing.  An  «■- 
ample  from  Bonrges  introduced  by  M.T^Bt 
;   for  cnrnparison,  represents  a  Kated  fcBik 
'  holding  a  cornucopin  in  one  hand,  ud  whtf 
J  puEiibly  may  have  been  intended  for  ■  drink* 
ng-vessel  in  the  other.     Upon  tbe  pedntd 
s  the  Gaulish  hog,  and  the  maker's  ttai^ 
'  FOSTiKADA,  probably  for  pbstiea.m«[m). 
Hi^ighi, ;  iuciun.  which  appears  upon  the  back  of  n  VenDi. 

Next  come  female  fiinirefl  on  horseback.  Two  hold  the  cornncopU  ud 
patera ;  the^e  may  probably  be  intended  for  the  goddess  Epona,  the  pf^ 
tectrcss  of  hnr^es  ami  i>tab1i's.  Another  represents  a  woman  in  a  trsTelliig 
dress,  with  a  huod.  Tlierc  is  also  a  biga  carrying  two  penona.  Tbc 
horses  are  heavily  yoked  with  woodwork  upon  the  necka,  reminding  ns  of 
the  clumsy  horse-funiitare  to  be  seen  in  the  rural  districts  of  France  at  fl>e 
present  day. 

The  images  of  gods  are  comparatively  few.  They  comprise  Herculc»i 
]lfercury,  the  head  of  Jupiter,  and  a  bust  of  Apollo :  these  are  palpably 
recognised  bv  their  character  and  emblems.  Some  othera  may  possibly  be 
intended  for  topicul  divinities.  But  by  far  the  greater  number  are  femi- 
nine, and  of  these  the  personifications  of  maternity  indicate  the  favourite 
object  of  adoration  of  the  population  of  Roman  Oaul.  These  images  were 
doubtless  manufactured  for  the  lower  classes,  and  were  probably  purchased 
chiefly  by  women,  in  whose  houses  they  were  the  iorti,  or  household 
divinities;  the  precursors  of  the  medieval  and  modem  popular  figures  of  the 
Virgin  and  Child  which  are  to  be  found  at  the  present  day  in  almost  erety 
cottage  in  France. 


18G0.] 


Works  of  the  Romano-Gaulish  Ceramists. 


607 


The  medallions,  or  di>ca, 
the  field  of  Lary.     They  a 


e  among  the  moat  arti»tic  productions  from 
probably  copies  of  the  votive  or  honorary 
— — -^  shields  upon  which  the  busts  of 
deities  and  persons  of  distinc- 
tion were  carved  in  relief.  Pliny 
(Nat  Hist,  ixxv.  3)  gives  a 
long  account  of  the  history  and 
peculiarities  of  these  shields, 
which  are  also  frequently  men- 
tioned by  other  ancient  writers. 
Another  section  includes  busts, 
male  and  female,  chiefly  upon 
ciicular  otands.  Of  these  there 
18  a  considerable  variety.  The 
most  remarkable  was  discovered 
hyM  Tudot  at  Vichy, well  known 
fur  Its  medicinal  waters.  For  its 
beauty  and  rarity  we  here  in- 
troduce an  engraving  from  M. 
Tudot's  drawing.  The  original, 
including  the  pedestal,  is  thir- 
teen inches  in  height. 

The  pedestal  is  a  cUta,  or 
money-box,  upon  the  principle 
of  the  well-known  medieval  and 
modem  thrift-boxes  of  earthen- 
ware, and  the  church  doors'  box. 
The  bust  was  attached  to  the 
bos  at  the  period  of  its  manu- 
facture. At  the  top  is  a  slit  to 
receive  the  money,  and  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  back  is  an 
M.  Tudot  considers  that  the  divinity  represented 
upon  the  box  is  Apollo. 

"Thfl  hMil,"  he  observM,  "is  ornRtneottd  with  >  crown  of  lotiu,  >  Mcr«d  plant 
wliich  s'atws  itself  upon  the  Burface  of  tbe  water  when  the  sua  rises,  and  sinhi  b«1ow 
wbt'n  the  sun  sets.  The  boyisli  phjsiognomy  of  the  god  aeema  tbe  emblem  of  p«r- 
pctunl  j'oiitb.  The  di)u?overj  of  this  imagG  near  tbe  source  of  the  hot  apringa  doea  cot 
ptnnit  us  tu  doubt  that  the  youthful  Apollo,  the  god  of  medicine,  was  tbe  tutelarj 
deity  of  the  place." 

There  are  a  few  groups  which  are  of  somewhat  difficult  explanation, 
a?,  for  example,  the  child  recumbent  upon  the  back  of  a  dolphin.  In  thia 
the  author,  together  with  M.  Maury,  sees  an  illustration  of  the  ancient 
tradition  of  the  souls  of  the  just  carried  to  the  Fortunate  Isles. 


608  Works  of  the  Romano-Gaulish  Ceramxsti.  [Dec. 

Another  extensive  series,  representing  persons  in  real  life,  is  particularly 
curious  and  valuable  for  the  examples  it  affords  of  Bomano-Gkiuliah  cos- 
tume ;  and  in  the  same  point  of  view  many  of  the  divinities  and  other 
personages  will  be  regarded  with  interest,  for  there  is  no  doubt  that  the 
coiffures  and  the  dress  generally  may  be  accepted  as  instances  of  fashion- 
able and  local  styles  at  different  epochs. 

Animal  life  is  illustrated  by  lions,  horses,  sheep,  oxen,  apes,  peacocks 
and  other  fowls.  The  horses  give  excellent  notions  of  the  mode  in  which 
they  were  harnessed.  In  this  section  M.  Tudot  has  introduced  an  ass  or 
mule  laden  with  amphorae.  It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  discovered  at 
Lary ;  but  from  the  explanation  it  gives  of  the  manner  in  which  these 
unwieldy  and  footless  vessels  were  slung  for  carriage,  it  is  a  valuable  con- 
tril)ution.  Many  of  the  apes  are  hooded  and  dressed  as  caricatures  of 
human  beings,  conveying  an  impression  of  keen  perception  in  the  designers 
of  the  grotesque  and  ridiculous.  To  make  this  extraordinary  gathering  of 
fictile  works  complete,  M.  Tudot  has  introduced  some  puppets,  or  children's 
playthings,  constructed  in  pieces  and  fastened  together  with  wooden  pins  or 
wire.  It  should  be  understood  that  almost  the  whole  of  these  statuettes 
are  moulded  in  two  pieces,  which  were  united  by  the  potter  before  they 
were  placed  in  the  furnace  :  thus  the  disunited  halves  are  often  discovered, 
such  as  the  fragments  found  in  London  ^,  which  probably  were  imported 
from  Gaul,  as  they  seem  identical  with  some  of  those  engraved  by  M.  Tudot 
It  may  also  be  noted  that  these  figurines  vary  in  length  from  about  two  to 
thirteen  or  fourteen  inches. 

No  less  than  twenty-eight  potters*  names  appear  upon  the  moulds,  all  of 
which  arc  traced  with  pointed  wood  or  metal.  They  are  in  semi-cursite 
characters,  autographs,  in  fact,  either  of  the  makers  or  of  the  proprietoft 
of  the  moulds;  for  ayoti  FOBiiiA,  'the  mould  of  Avotus,'  and  natii  Foasa, 
'  the  mould  of  Nattus,'  may  indicate  either  that  the  moulds  were  executed 
by  those  persons,  or  that  they  were  merely  the  owners.  It  is  probable, 
however,  that  they  may  have  been  both  the  makers  and  the  manufacturers, 
employed  by  the  proprietors  of  the  establishment ;  and  that  the  names 
were  impressed  the  more  readily  to  identify  the  products  of  the  respeo^ 
tive  ceramists. 

In  concluding  our  notice  of  the  main  features  of  M.  Tudot's  valuable 
production,  which  may  be  said  to  introduce  us  to  a  new  field  of  archco- 
logical  inquiry,  we  direct  the  attention  of  our  readers  for  comparison  to 
our  review  of  Mr.  Barker's  '*  Lares  and  Penates,"  printed  in  the  volume  of 
our  Magazine  for  1855.  The  red  clay  terra-cottas  of  Cilicia  are  generally 
of  higher  artistic  merit  than  those  of  the  Allier ;  but  as  illustrations  of  the 
Romano -Gaulish  manufactures  and  trades,  and  as  throwing  light  on  the 
popular  religious  sentiments  and  feelings  in  Gaul  and  Britain,  the  latter 

^  Illustrations  of  Roman  Loudon,  p.  109. 


I860.]  Works  of  the  Romano-Gaulish  Ceramists,  609 

are  equally  important,  and  will  naturally  be  more  esteemed  by  the  archsa- 
ologists  of  these  two  countries. 

The  subject  of  the  red,  shining,  Roman  pottery,  usually  called  Samian^ 
has  been  so  frequently  discussed  in  former  volumes  of  our  Magazine,  that 
we  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning  M.  Tudot's  evidence,  which  fully  sup- 
ports the  opinions  of  those  who,  long  since,  decided  that  it  was  imported 
into  Britain  from  Gaul.  From  the  Allier  he  gives  us  examples  of  the 
moulds,  the  punches,  and  the  stamps  of  the  makers,  proving  that  it  was 
manufactured  simultaneously,  in  that  district,  with  the  figurines  in  white 
clay,  and  the  more  recent  discovery,  or  detection  rather,  of  the  name  of 
a  Eoman  potter  upon  a  monument  at  Bordeaux,  (which  name,  upon  the  red 
pottery,  was  found  in  London  ^,)  is  a  singularly  curious  and  decisive  con- 
firmation of  the  correctness  of  opinions  arrived  at  upon  other  grounds. 
Of  upwards  of  two  hundred  and  seventy  names,  (some  of  them  variations 
of  the  same  name,)  at  least  two  hundred  and  twenty  are  identical  with 
those  discovered  in  London.  M.  Tudot,  evidently  surprised  at  the  long 
list  published  by  Mr.  Roach  Smith  ®,  observes,  in  reference  to  it,  that  he  is 
convinced  that  a  very  considerable  number  of  these  stamps  have  been  col- 
lected in  the  valley  of  the  Allier,  especially  in  the  environs  of  Clermont ; 
that,  without  doubt,  in  ancient  times  the  Britons,  by  their  commercial 
relations  with  Gaul,  imported  fictile  vessels  from  that  country,  but  not  the 
works  of  so  many  as  seven  hundred  different  potters ;  and  from  the  perfect 
identity  of  many  with  those  of  the  Allier,  he  infers  that  their  introduction 
into  England  is  less  early  than  has  been  believed,  and  possibly  of  a  recent 
date,  although  the  entire  collection  is  presented  as  having  been  exhumed  in 
England !  Our  learned  and  zealous  colleague  may  dispel  all  suspicion  on 
this  point.  The  discovery  in  London  itself  of  every  stamp  is  too  well 
authenticated  to  admit  of  a  doubt  in  the  minds  of  those  acquainted  with 
the  circumstances  under  which  they  were  brought  to  light  If  duplicates 
had  been  reckoned,  the  entire  number  would  have  amounted  to  thousands 
instead  of  hundreds. 

^  Collectanea  Antiqua,  voL  v.  pi.  xvii.    The  name,  CintngennB,  is  too  peculiar  to 
admit  of  a  doubt  that  the  stamp  found  in  London  came  from  the  potter  of  Bordeaux. 
'  Illustrations  of  Roman  London,  pp.  102-7. 


610  [Dec 


THE  LAW  OF  TEEA8TJRE  TROVE. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  memorial  sent  to  the  Home  Secretary 
by  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  in  answer  to  the  circular  letter 
addressed  to  the  Corporation  of  York,  announcing  the  intention  of  the 
Government  to  assert  the  rights  of  the  Crown  in  respect  of  treasure 
trove : — 

"  The  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society  have  recdved  from  the  Town 
Clerk  of  York,  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution  passed  hy  the  City  Council  at  their  hut 
quarterly  meeting,  a  copy  of  a  letter  addressed,  by  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Home  Department,  to  the  Watch  Committee  of  the  CooBcil.     From  thu 
document  it  appears  that  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  have  authorised  '  the  payment  to 
finders  of  ancient  coins,  gold  or  silver  ornaments,  or  other  relics  of  antiquity  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  of  the  actual  value  of  the  articles,  on  the  same  being  delivered  np  for 
behoof  of  the  Crown.'    Persons  making  such  discoveries  are  to  be  informed  by  the 
police  officers  '  that  on  delivering  them  to  the  Sheriff  they  will  recdve  from  the  Trea- 
sury rewards  equal  in  amount  to  the  fiill  intrinsic  value  of  the  articles.'     Further, '  in 
all  cases  in  which  it  shall  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  police  that  snch  articles  have 
been  found,  and  the  persons  finding  them  refuse  or  neglect  to  deliver  them  up,  the 
Secretary  of  State  desires  that  measures  may  be  taken  for  their  reoovei^,  and  that  in- 
formation may  be  forwarded  to  him.'     The  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical 
Society,  while  they  acknowledge  that  Sir  George  Lewis  in  ivning  tins  notice 
to  promote  the  preservation  of  objects  of  antiquity,  believe,  for  the  following 
that  it  will  not  only  be  ineffectual  for  its  purpose,  bat  positively  ii^nrious  to  the 
interests  of  archaeology. 

"  1.  The  promise  of  remuneration  according  to  the  intrinsic  value  of  the  objects 
found,  will  afford  no  adequate  motive  to  the  ordinary  cLiss  of  finders  for  delivering 
them  up.  The  intrinsic  value  of  many  things  very  precious  in  the  judgment  of  an 
antiquary  is  trifling ;  and  others,  such  as  tesselated  pavement*  stone  sarcophagi,  and 
wooden  coffins  would  be  pronounced  by  an  appraiser  to  have  no  intrinsic  value  what- 
ever. Even  if  the  promise  of  payment  should  be  interpreted  liberally,  so  as  to  indnds 
something  more  than  the  price  of  the  material,  the  builder,  the  ploughman,  or  the  ex- 
cavator, when  he  has  found  an  object  of  antiquity,  will  always  choose  to  make  his  own 
market,  rather  than  submit  the  question  of  its  value  to  an  officer  of  the  Crown.  Bj 
this  class  of  persons  the  law  (if  the  law  really  sanctions  the  claim  now  made)  will  be 
set  at  nought,  while  persons  of  education  and  science,  to  whom  ^aooverers  have 
hitherto  resorted  in  the  hope  of  obtaining  a  liberal  remuneration,  irill  be  nmbansid 
by  their  desire  to  ohey  it.  Pre-emption,  when  the  party  taking  poMomion  fixes  tbs 
price,  is  only  a  modified  form  of  confiscation,  and  is  very  repugnant  to  the  genins  of 
English  law. 

"  2.  The  last  century  has  been  distinguished  by  researches  into  the  antiquities  of 
Oreat  Britain  and  Ireland,  carried  on  by  individuals,  to  whom  neither  the  Crown  nor 
Parliament  has  afforded  the  slightest  pecuniary  aid.  To  them  it  has  been  owing  that 
antiquarian  pursmts  have  been  rescued  from  the  imputation  of  resulting  only  in  fiuMtfoI 
hypotheses,  and  British  archsDology  has  been  placed  on  the  solid  fimndation  of  an  in- 
duction of  facts. 

"  It  is  only  necessary  to  mention  the  names  of  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoars,  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Douglafi  (by  whom  antiquaries  were  first  taught  the  tme  characters  of  Saxon  in- 


I860.]  The  Law  of  Treasure  Trove.  611 

term  en  ts),  of  the  late  Lord  Londesborough,  of  Mr.  Bateman,  Mr.  Wylie,  and  the 
Honourable  Mr.  Neville,  to  shew  how  deeply  the  science  of  antiquities  has  been  in- 
debted to  these  voluntary  and  disinterested  undertakings.  Had  those  who  engaged  in 
them  been  informed  that  they  must  notify  their  discoveries  to  the  police,  and  sur- 
render to  the  sheriff  those  objects  which  they  had  hoped  to  retain  as  ornaments  of  their 
mansions  and  their  museums,  or  as  illustrations  of  the  volumes  which  they  were 
preparing  to  publish,  assuredly  their  zeal  and  liberality  would  have  been  greatly 
checked.  But  many  such  researches  remain  to  be  made.  Archseologists  neither  solicit 
nor  expect  the  pecuniary  aid  of  the  Crown :  in  making  them,  they  believe  that  they 
are  best  carried  on  by  individuals  or  associated  bodies ;  but  they  would  deprecate  the 
heavy  blow  and  great  discouragement  which  antiquarian  pursuits  will  suffer,  if  those 
who  expend  their  money  and  their  labour  in  bringing  antiquities  to  light  are  required 
to  give  them  up  to  the  Crown.  Even  the  humblest  collector  will  feel  himself  aggrieved 
by  such  a  demand.  His  collection  has  a  value  to  him,  far  beyond  pecuniary  recom- 
pense, in  its  association  with  local  and  personal  circumstances. 

"  3.  The  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society  feel  themselves  specially 
called  upon  to  represent  to  the  Secretary  of  State  the  injury  which  his  circular  letter 
will  inflict  on  all  local  Museums  of  archeology.     From  its  first  establishment,  this 
society  has  made  it  one  of  its  principal  objects  to  collect  and  preserve  the  relics  of 
antiquity  with  which  the  city  of  York  and  its  neighbourhood  abound.    It  has  been 
seconded  by  the  liberality  of  the  Corporation  and  two  nulway  companies,  and  of  private 
persons  in  the  city  and  county ;  and  it  has  expended  large  sums  in  purchasing  and  re- 
moving antiquities,  and  providing  a  suitable  place  for  their  preservation  and  display. 
Such  a  Museum  could  never  have  been  formed  had  Sir  George  Lewis's  Instructions 
been  in  force,  without  a  violation  of  the  law ;  and  its  increase  will  be  stopped  if  these 
instructions  be  not  withdrawn.    Even  supposing  that  all  of  which  local  Museums  are 
thus  deprived  should  find  its  way  into  some  vast  national  repository,  where  it  will  be 
carefully  preserved  and  displayed,  the  interest  and  instruction  which  archsological 
objects  are  calculated  to  furnish  will  be  greatly  impaired  when  they  are  removed  from 
the  localities  in  which  they  were  found.    At  this  moment,  extensive  excavations  are  in 
progress  at  Wroxeter,  the  ancient  Uricopium.    The  inhabitanta  of  Shrewsbury  and 
the  gentry  of  Shropshire  have  subscribed  liberally  towards  the  expense  of  these  ex- 
cavations, not  only  with  a  view  to  illustrate  the  history  of  Roman  Britain,  but  also  to 
form  a  museum  in  the  town  of  Shrewsbury,  where  the  traveller,  who  has  visited  the 
remains  of  the  Roman  city,  may  complete  his  knowledge  by  viewing  the  works  of 
Roman  art.    This  object  could  never  be  attained  if,  while  the  ruins  remuned  in 
Shropshire,  the  moveable  antiquities  were  transported  to  a  Metropolitan  museum.    If 
the  people  of  England  were  generally  indifferent  to  the  preservation  of  their  anti- 
quities, the  intervention  of  Government  might  be  called  for.    But  whatever  may  have 
been  the  case  in  past  times,  no  such  indifference  now  prevails;  on  the  contrary,  those 
who  live  in  districts  where  objects  of  antiquity  abound,  are  ready  to  remunerate  dis- 
coverers, and  take  a  pride  in  preserving  and  exhibiting  them;  and  these  feelings 
are  far  more  effectual  than  the  fear  of  the  police,  or  the  hope  of  reward  from  the 
Crown. 

"  For  these  reasons,  the  Council  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society  respectfully 
request  that  the  recent  notice  from  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Home  Depart- 
ment may  be  withdrawn." 


612    .  [Dec. 


^vtginal   Botnmrittsf. 


Among  recent  removals  from  the  Ashmolean  Museum  to  the  Bodleian 
Library  are  six  volumes  of  letters  in  folio,  which,  though  of  much  interest 
and  importance,  appear  hitherto  to  have  been  overlooked.  They  contain  the 
communications  on  which  Wood  based  his  Athena^  or  at  least  from  which 
he  drew  information  to  complete  which  his  own  researches  had  not  enahled 
him  to  discover.  These  letters  (on  which  replies  are  sometimes  indorsed) 
were  arranged  as  to  names  of  writers,  and  put  into  their  present  consult- 
able  shape,  some  years  since,  by  Mr.  Kirtland,  the  then  Deputy  Keeper 
of  the  Museum,  where,  buried  in  a  chest,  they  had  escaped  the  notice  of 
Dr.  Bliss,  the  able  editor  of  Wood's  great  work*.  We  propose  to  print 
occasionally  extracts  from  them ;  and  we  shall  begin  our  selection  with  the 
letters  of  Aubrey.  The  correspondence  between  Aubrey  and  Wood  ex- 
tended over  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years,  or  from  1668  to  the  time  of 
Wood's  decease.  Dr.  Bliss  has  remarked  that  though  the  two  antiqua- 
ries were  greatly  obliged  to  each  other  for  their  mutual  literary  commu- 
nications, their  friendship  was  neither  firm  nor  lasting^,  but  this  hardly 
seems  correct.  The  letters  of  Aubrey  are  numerous,  and  invariably  ia 
a  friendly  tone  until  we  reach  the  year  1693,  when  the  prosecution  of 
Wood  by  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  for  statements  made  on  the  authority  of 
Aubrey,  very  probably  caused  their  correspondence  to  drop  for  awhile. 
Certain  it  is,  that  there  are  but  four  or  five  of  Aubrey's  letters  after  that 
time,  but  it  will  be  seen  that  the  last  one  is  much  of  the  same  tenour  as 
the  former  ones,  and  though  he  says,  "  I  have  been  ever  ready  to  serve 
you,  but  have  got  neither  thanks  nor  credit  for  it,"  he  still  describes  him- 
self as  Wood*s  '^  faithful  friend,"  and  gives  him  direction  where  to  write  to 
him ;  thus  evidently  not  contemplating  a  rupture  of  their  friendship. 

No.  I. 

London,  Deeemb.  5, 166S. 

Mr.  Woodds, — I  rcc**  your  kind  Fre  and  had  soonr  writt  to  you  could  I  have 

mett  with  Mr.  Dugdale,  who  yesterday  and  this  night  veiy  courteously  rememben 

liim  to  you  and  assures  me  will  be  willingly  ready  to  serve  you  and  the  rathr  for 

*  For  instance,  Dr.  Bliss  cites  the  second-hand  authority  of  Heame's  MS.  Remarki, 
as  proof  that  Wood  derives  the  statements  for  which  he  was  prosecated  from  AQbrcy 
(Life  of  Wood,  p.  385),  when  in  one  of  these  volnmet  is  contidned  the  very  letter  in 
which  Aubrey  gave  the  information  in  question;  this  letter  we  shall  print  at  sn  cariy 
opportunity. 

^  Life  of  Antony  k  Wood,  8vo.,  1848,  p.  153,  note. 
5 


^ 


I860.]  Original  Documents,  613 

tliat  there  is  not  yet  any  vacancy  but  he  supposes  one  y*  I  know  that  is  not  fitt 
for  the  place  will  be  contented  for  money  to  resigne.  He  is  Lancastr  herald  and 
one  that  the  office  (and  I  thinke  every  body,)  hates,  or  ought  to  doe,  for  he  hath 
been  the  bo\Ue-feu  to  sett  my  dame  and  me  at  variance.  Mr.  Dugdale  will  try 
what  is  to  be  donne  and  doe  what  is  possible.  All  lovers  of  this  learning  ought  to 
rejoyce  when  you  shall  be  an  ornam*  in  the  office.  About  Friday  or  Monday  com 
sevenight  I  shall  goe  to  Chalke :  returne  the  next  Terme.  John  Latch  (Somerset- 
ensis)  a  very  learned  3Ctus  of  the  Middle  Temple  was  of  S»  Johns  obiit  about 
Coll,  Oxon,  there  is  a  book  called  his  Reports.  Clement  Walker  ^^^' 
Esq.  (Theodorus  Verax,)  author  of  y*  Hist,  of  Independency,  was  of  X'  Ch.  Oxon. 

obijt in  the  Tower,  about  Worcester  fight.     I  have  not  yet  had  the  leisure 

to  ferret  Thuanus,  but  it  must  be  in  Q.  Eliz.  time  concerning  the  Q.  of  Scotts. 
I  will  see  if  I  can  and  send.  M'  Dugdale  lies  in  the  Temple  in  M'  Elias  Ashmole's 
chamber,  he  goes  out  of  Towne  on  $  next  and  I  think  doth  not  suddenly  returne. 
I  will  call  on  him  again  to  be  mindful  of  y'  desire.  My  kind  respects  I  pray  to 
y  good  brother  and  sister,  and  M'  Hine.  Thus  craving  y»  favor  to  pardon  my 
hast  I  rest  y'  assured  friende  and  servant, 

Jo.  AWBEEY. 

My  humble  service  I  pray  to  M'  and  M"  President  Trin.  Coll.,  and  you  will 
oblige  me  to  try  if  you  can  doe  my  Youth  Robin  any  favour*^. 

At  the  back  of  the  above  Wood  has  given  a  copy  of  his  reply  to  Aubrey, 
as  annexed :  — 

Bee,  8,  1668. 

Good  Mr.  Aubrey, — I  am  glad  I  have  such  a  frend  as  y**  to  stir  in  my 
buisness.  I  would  by  noe  means  have  put  y°  to  this  trouble,  could  I  have  reposed 
confidence  in  any  other.  Y*  p'son  y*  y*  mentioned  in  y""  letter  y'  is  now  Lane. 
Herald,  his  name  his  Chaloner,  whose  character  I  have  heard  by  one  of  his 
neighbours  y*  liveth  at  y*  Devizes.  I  know  also  y*  he  hath  bin  an  officer  in  y' 
K's  Army,  a  busling  man  for  y''  world,  of  great  acquaintance  with  y*  gentry  and 
one  y*  und'standeth  not  his  trade  well.  I  suppose  y*  if  a  resignation  be  desired 
of  him,  he  will  not  stick  to  ask  enough,  yet  if  he  will  come  to  reasonable  termes  I 
sliall  be  as  ready  to  deale  with  him  as  any.  Y°  will  doe  well  to  enquire  w''*'  y*  yearlie 
value  of  y*  place  is,  in  whose  gift  and  to  who'e  I  should  apply  my  selfe  in  case 
any  of  these  places  fall,  for  this  resolution  have  I  taken  up  to  my  selfe  y*  I  will 
endeavour  w*  I  can  to  take  such  an  employment  y*  sutes  with  my  genius  (though 
I  part  with  y*  poore  estate  I  have  rather  than  to  follow  y*  w*^**  is  altogeather  dis- 
agreable  to  my  studies).  Pray  S""  move  once  more  in  this  buisness  soe  far  as  I  desire 
and  y*  will  ever  engage  me  to  be 

Y**  most  humble  servant. 

Ant.  Woode. 

1  thank  yo  for  my  two  writers  Latch,  and  Walker,  I  shal  put  them  in  their 
places  and  for  ought  I  know  as  yet  remb'  them. 

Pray  S'  charg  y  letters  hereafter  upon  my  score. 

'^  In  a  previous  letter  dated  London,  May  19,  1668,  addressed  to  Wood,  Anbrey 
gays,  "  Pray  present  my  humble  service  and  respects  to  D^  Bathurst  and  his  ingeniose 
Lady.  I  hope  they  like  my  servant  Robin.  I  should  be  extremely  happy  to  place 
him  in  0x6." 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX.  4  D 


G14  Original  Documents.  [Dec. 

Ko.  II. 

Broad  ChaUce^  Navmb  17, 16/0. 

DEA.RE  Mr.  Woods, — I  re(^  y  of  10  instant.  1  am  glad  that  I  have  given 
you  some  things  to  jo'  satisfaction.    1  am  sorry  to  find  such  slacknesse  in  great 

I  have  forRott  if  I  putt  downe  «»en,  for  Carrying  on  so  publiq  a  work ;  when  the- 
y  Handmayd  of  Devotion,  by  trouble  is  SO  nothing.  I  shall  send  again  concerning 
Dr.  Featiey.  I  have  It,  w«*  waa  S'  W.  Ralegh  •>,  and  for  8yd.  Godolpliin* ;  vide  Review 
one  of  w.  CartwriKhfa  bookea^   ^^  ^^  ^^y^y^^.  Leviathan,  where  is  an  honourable  men- 

w»»»  his  owne  name  to  it.     It    ,.         ...  i       ■    ^i     -o      j  j*     x  -^ 

hath  some  marginuii  notes  inter  t»on  0^  *"m»  M  a*8o  in  the  Ep.  dedicatory,  w«^  you  mnst 

esBtera  this.   Where  in  y«  ff.  of  insert.     I  desire  to  have  the  quando  of  W.  Cart- 

hoiyda>-e8  y*  Dr  Apeakn  of  8»  wriglit's' christning,  I  may  guesse  by  the  Ephemeridei 

George  aa  a  mere  flgment.  w  (™]^aps)  when  he  was  bomc ;  I  doubt  not  but  he  had 

Cartw.  writes,  for  this  was  I>»    V       j  r*        i  •  i     i.        j   t     i  •  "»r     w 

Featiey  made  fall  upon  his  knees  (5  and  2  as  his  ascendant,  and  h  hw  enemy.  Mr.  F. 
to  w.  Lawd  A.B.  Cant.,  wo*  is  Potter,  Rcctor  of  Kilmanton,  was  borne  at  Mere,  i 
an  odd  storie.  gmall  market  towne  in  Wilts,  upon  Trinity  Sunday  ere. 

The  day  of  the  month  he  knowes  not ;  'tis  easy  to  find  in  an  old  Alman.  or  Epb^ 

maris.    Vide  Stadias,  or a  great  folio,  3  inches  thick  ;  or  perhaps  it 

is  in  Origanus.  He  was  baptised  the  22  of  May,  1594.  Dr.  Chr.  Wren»  wm 
borne  at*.  .   .  Knoyle,  baptised  y*  10th  day  of  November,  1631.     I  have  writt 

•  soo  my  other  letter.  ^  ^^J^  ^^"^  f^®  f  *^^  ^j"™®"  AstrologiHS  ergo  ;  His  a  powt 

Quere  D'  Waiiis  what  thing!  spirited  thing  if  he  wiU  not  resolve  me.  David  Jenkini^ 

Dr.  w.hath  invented.  hath  writt  a  learned  treatise  of  the  Lawe  in  folio  [of 

One  M' Gerard,  or  Castle  Gary,  cases  twicc  judged],  q.  nomcn  and  an  opuaculu  Ln 

insom'sct,coiioetedtheAntiquU  ^^^^^  ^^^  j^  jg..    ^^^  at  ....  in  Glam— ;  he 

DefonTwcM  ^TotJ llormjm   ^^s  of  Edmund ',  afterwards  of  Grayes  Inne,  one 

retrieve;  his  executor  had  them,   of  the  Judges  in  South  Wales,  Pri a  longtime 

whose  estate  was  seised  on  for  in  the  Tower,  Newgate  and  Windsore ;  was  the  onlj 
deht.  and  utterly  lost.  ^^  j^j^t  „g^gy  complied.     Dyed  about  1665,  at  Cow- 

bridge,  in  Glamor.  He  marryed  S'  Jo.  Awbrey*s  sister.  If  yoa  will  I  am  fur- 
ther satisfy  you. 

Jolm  Latch  J,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  an  eminent  Lawyer  as  any  in  England,  vis 
borne  at  Langford,  in  the  parish  of  Church -hi  11,  com  Somerset ;  I  could  enquire 

D'  Newton  [now  Parson  of  ^licn.  Wasj)f  S»  John's  Coll.,  Oxon.  Dyed  warn- 
Rosse,  iieref.]  told  me  that  ho  wherc  in  Midd.,  about  1659.  He  Rot  a  booke  of  Re- 
was  of  Kdm's  Hidi :  yet  living,    po^s,  printed  about  1660. 

::^:^::^^^:^  ,  Hcnge,t  where  Mr.  Vaughn.  Ured.  »  in  Hc«forf. 
himseife  hy  eating  a  piece  of  shire,  near  Radnorshire :  vide  map.  I  have  icnt  f 
hott  roast  becfe  off  y*  spitt—  Qusires  to  Mr.  Iloskyns.  Pray  rememb'  noe  kindly  to 
^'  P-  3-  S'  Browne.    1  thanke  you  for  y'  humanity  to  pier 

so  inge  ....  ^  a  youth,  desire  his  secresyas  to  me.  I  would  have  him  gett  i 
good  Copy-bookc  [Gcrv's  is  the  best],  to  mend  his  hand ;  there  ia  a  new-fashioi 
hand  used  by  the  Secrctarys ;  a  kind  of  easy  Roman  of  the  best  uae.  Print  hand 
he  can  doc  a  little  already;  this  will  be  no  hinderance  to  his  study;  he  will  master 


•«  Vide  Wootl'a  AthetttB,  by  Blina,  vol.  ii.  p.  285;  Aubrey's  Live%  Ac.  (S  Tola.8va« 
London,  1813).  vol.  ii.  p.  50U. 
«  Vide  Wo«Kr8  Athena;  vol.  iii.  p.  4-1;  Aubrey's  Lives,  ^  voL  ii  p.  625. 
'  Vide  Wood'H  Athena,  vol.  iii.  p. 69.  v  Vide  Aubrey's  Lives,  pankm. 

»»  Vide  Wood  8  Athena,  vol.  iii.  p  6  J3 ;  Aubrey's  Lives,  &e,  vol.  L  p.  61,  note. 
>  Hall.  i  Vide  Wood's  Athena,  vol.  iii  p.  399.  ^  Qoerj  'ii^cnian.' 


I860.]  Original  Documents,  615 

it  presently.  Hereafter,  when  he  goes  into  y*  country,  I  would  desire  him  to  call 
at  Mr.  Warnford's,  in  High  worth  parish,  at  Sennington.  I  heare  there  are  many 
old  scutcheons  in  the  Hall ;  it  was  a  Religious  house,  i  ^oe  think  it  might  be  sayd 
Nunnerye.  Ramsbury  is  in  lib.  B.  I  am  glad  you  of  Antiquaries  aa  of  Poeta,  nas- 
found  anything  there  W^"*  likes  you!   'tis  pitty  such    cunt'nonflunt;  (and  i  also  be- 

Mdms  should  be  lost  or  put  under  piea.  w'"  ha,  been  ^;;,t*byl  u^.tapi.::," 
the  Fate  of  many  good  MSS.  I  thank  you  for  y  kind-  yr  workc.  i  would  fain,  me- 
nes  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  take  a  care  of  them ;  thinks,  doe  some  good  in  the 
when  you  have  donne  with  it,  at  y  leisure  pray  send  ^°'^^  ^  ^  «>^^  ^^""^  ^  dy«- 
it  hither  to  fiU  it  up.  I  think  I  have  now  donne  about  ^"  ^^^  ^"^  ~~  ~°«*- 
3  pt"  of  4  of  Wilts.  I  hope  the  next  spring,  in  a  fortnight  or  3  weeks  (invisibly) 
doe  the  remaynder.  I  know  not  how  or  why  methinkes,  but  I  have  a  kind  of 
divine  impulse  to  have  it  donne ;  nobody  els  will  doe  it,  and  when  'tis  donne  none 
of  those  p*'  will  value  it ;  but  the  next  generation  I  hope  will  be  lesse  bruitish. 

I  have  a  q'  of  Chorographia  Antiquaria  in  a  map,  and  discourses  upon  it,  viz. 
the  Rom.  and  British  and  danish  camps,  highways,  and  traced  Ofifa's  Dyke,  from 
Seveme  to  Dee,  and  Wednesdyke,  and  rectified  M'  between  8.  Wales  and  y.  French 
Camden  in  some  places.  Nothing  is  in  it  yet  (except  Sca  i  have  taken  an  account  of 
some  eniwrt »  wayes)  that  hath  been  donne  abready.    ^  ■«^«""  ^^^  *°*  naturaU 

T  1  J  .1  #  — 1        J.  .  1         1  e  xi        obaenriblo  in  it,  as  y«  nature  of 

I  have  surveyd  the  camps,  foud  out  the  places  of  the  ^^^  i„  y.  respective  soyies, 
battles  by  the  barrows,  and  pretend  to  tell  you  where    the  nature  of  y  cattle  theron 

Banduca's  battle  was,  W**'  I  think  would  be  evi-     feeding  and  the  nature  of  Indi. 

dence  to  a  jury.    M'  Hoskyn  and  D'  Ball  sayes  it  is    «*°*  ^"^pp*  '^^  "**  ~^^^ 

the  best  thing  I  have  donne,  but  'tis  but  drie  meate  ( v.  Exod.  30, 

V.  23,  &c. ;  and  Exod.  8,  v.  10,  for  the  consecration  of  the  Temple).  I  will  write 
to  Fabian.  I  am  sorry  he  is  such  a  dull  fellowe.  But  bro  Tom  p'sents  his  ser- 
vice to  you,  and  will  goe  to  Allington.  I  dayly  expect  an  answer  from  D'  Charl- 
ton.    S'  Edw.  Hoby  lived  at  Bisham,  in  Buckingham  shire,  towards  Maydenhead. 

Captain  Taylor  left  his  papers  (w«*»  is  not  above  a  quarter  of  Herefordshire)  in 
S'  Edw.  Harley's  hands,  my  worthy  friend,  an  Antiquary.  I  will  write  to  him  the 
next  time  I  write  to  you.  Pray  doe  me  the  kindnes  to  save  me  the  pains,  and 
now  a  double  letter,  to  send  to  my  brother  William  (for  I  cannot  send  from  hence), 
to  bring  a  manuscript  w*^**  I  returned  to  Mr.  Stokes  (an  old  parchment,  wherein  is 
mention  of  Diis  N . . . ,  whose  effig.  and  ISS.  is  in  the  chan.  wind.,  y*  will  shew 
me  when  he  lived).  And  also  desire  him  to  see  the  V  I  told  him  of  in  Langley 
Burel  window ;  he  is  as  slow  as  Fabian.  q,  Swidys,  fiUus  Edwini  A. 

I  will  write  other  things  next  time,  being  now    Epl  Eborao,  obijt  at  his  slster'a 

weary.  Tuissimus,  my  Lady  Wenman's,  at  Caswell, 

A      in  Witney  parish. 

S'  Rob.  Harley,  K«  of  y«  Bath,  fathe  of  8'  Edw.  now  living,  trans,  all  the  Psalms 
int  English  verse  well. 

I  desire  to  have  y  Nativity,  w*^  you  told  me  you  would  looke  out.  See  the 
Preface  of  Mr.  Gadbury's  Aim,  by  his  Proposalls  for  y*  advancem*  of  AstroL  I 
can  furnish  him  with  an  excellent  copie,  and  y*  of  men  of  note  in  severall  wayes ; 
but  y*  D.  of  W.  would  laugh  at  this,  but  Kepler  and  Tycho  Brahe  would  not  I 
would  have  Mrs.  Bathurst "  come  within  the  Pale  of  the  Bom.  Church.  She  will 
laugh  at  it.    From  Pride,  vaine  glory,  &c.,  good  L**,  &c. 

'  Sic :  query  *  eminent.' 

•"  Dr.  Bathurst,  President  of  Trinity  College,  &c,  married  in  1664  Mary,  the 
widow  of  Dr.  Palmer,  lato  Warden  of  All  Souls'  College.  Vide  Life  of  Wood,  by  Blisi, 
8vo.,  Lond.,  1848,  p.  141. 


616  Original  Documents.  [Dec. 

Give  the  Hereford  carrier  a  speciall  ohardge  ab*  S'  Edward  Harley^s  letter  ;  he 
lives  16  miles  tlieuce ;  let  him  enquire  well  what  shop-keep'  is  his  correspond,  &c. 

1  have  sent  to  the  Provinciall  of  the  Jesuits  for  the  ISS.  of  Alex.  Hales  at 
Paris. 

Consider,  were  you  in  my  case,  whether  you  would  chose  the  advantage  I  may 
make  in  Maryland,  [but  cui  bono  ?]  or  I.H.S. 

1  wonder  what  fadyr  Hind  sayes  of  me.  Quint  Curtius  Nulla  res  efficientur 
multitudinem  regit  q  superstites ;  we  have  now  amongst  us  so  much  saving  fiaithe 
that  justice  and  charity  are  out  of  fashion ;  nay,  scandalouae  Veritas  in  pater ; 
phaps  'tis  not  fit  it  ever  should  be  drawne  out,  but  y*  Genevists,  &c.,  are  as  supsti- 
tious  as  the  Rom.,  but  doe  not  know  it ;  a  man  must  Loque  cQ  vulgo  sentire  cA 
sapientibus. 

Nov.  26.  1  lately  rcc<*  ill  news,  that  Fab.  Stedman  is  absented.  I  left  in  his 
cupbordc  2  great  trunkcs  of  gallant  books  of  good  value,  and  know  not  yet  what 
is  become  of  them.  1  take  him  to  be  an  honest  man.  Two  of  my  MSS.  are  there, 
and  Mr.  Hobbs*  life ;  w*=^  had  1  not  been  forcd  to  doe,  as  you  know,  I  bad  had  the 
honour  to  write  (1.)  publish  in  my  name  now  will  be  donne  by  Mens'  Verdoyle,  of 
Aquitaine,  inter  cetra ;  he  says  that  as  Avarice  is  the  roote  of  all  eyill,  so  the 
contempt  of  Riches  is  the of  Justice  and  brave  actions. 

I  have  writt  to  S'  Edw.  Harley  for  Capt.  Tayler's  MSS.  of  Herefordshire,  — 

S'  Rob.  Harley  y*  translated  the  Sames  [Psalms]  was  K*  of  }*  Bath,  and  father  to 

S'  Edward  and  to  S'  Robert . 

By  Dr.  Jo.  Newton**. 

Scripsit. 
Mathem.  Elem*'  in  3  parts. 

(1.  Pradticall  Gcom. 
2.  Use  of  y«  Globes. 
3.  Delineation  of  plan,  or  y*  p'herie  of  any  great  circle  Sec*"  0 
pjectu. 

Astronomia  Britannica  (P). 

Ifi?    I  '^^^  doctrine  of  the  Sphere  and  Theory  of  y*  7  planets. 
'•   I  Dccimalls  by  Trigonometry  and  by  Tables. 

r  Geomctricall   Trigonom.  in  16**   for  the   construcciona  of  the 
1659.  <      Canons  of  Triangle  and  for  y  solucion  of  them  at  y*  Sun  in 
C     Paul's  Ch.  y"*. 
About  1666.      Scale  of  Interest  of  Engknd.  He  told  ma  he  «m 

English  Rhctoriq'.  tr^^"^ 

1671.      English  Logique.  where. 

On  the  back  of  the  foregoing  letter  Antony  d  Wood  has  written  the 
following  extract  from  the  long-lost  vol.  B  of  Aubrey's  *' Collections  for 
North  Wilts  f '— 

Mr.  Aubrey's  Collect 
B.  p.  58,  in 

Eas Knahill, 

com.  Wilts. 
.     .    .    but  the  fame  of  this  place  is  for  the  birth  of  Xtop\  Wren,  M.D.,  Savilian 
p*fcssor  of  Oxon,  England's  Archimedes,  Architect  of  the  Theatre  of  Oxon.     lie 
was  borne  the  cliamb\  ov  y*"  parlour.    His  father  was  Deane  of  Windaore  and 

parson  of  Knahill.     llis  molhci's  name  was ,  of  Funthill,  in  y  next  parish, 

a  p*!son  not  only  of  admirable  parts,  but  of  a  sweet  comunicatiTe  nature. 


I860.]  617 


aintiquanau  antr  Hitcrarg  ffntriligmcer. 


{^Correspondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  not,  unless  agreeable,  for 
publication,  hut  in  order  thai  a  copy  of  the  Gbntleman's  MAaAZOTB  containing 
their  Communications  mat/  he  forwarded  to  them."] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

N'ov.  15.     John  Bkucb,  Esq.,  V.-P.,  in  the  chair. 

H.  L.  Lawrence,  Esq.,  elected  Fellow  1836,  attended  and  was  admitted 
Fellow ;  Alexander  Craig  Gibson,  Esq.,  George  Maw,  Esq.,  and  Sir  Shafto 
Adair,  Bart.,  were  declared  duly  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

John  Evans,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  Roman  fibula,  the  property  of 
Lord  Verulam,  and  found  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Verulamium.  It  was 
remarkable  for  its  diminutive  size,  and  for  the  good  preservation  of  the 
colours  in  the  enamel. 

Samitel  BiEcn,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  pricke-spur  found  at  Little 
Marlow,  in  a  grave.     Its  date  was  supposed  to  be  circa  1300. 

Mrs.  Souse  exhibited,  through  Paul  Hawkins  Fisher,  Esq.,  three  ori- 
ginal documents  of  great  interest,  on  which  Mr.  Bruce  furnished  some 
valuable  remarks.  The  first  of  these  documents  was  an  order  signed 
Feversham,  dated  in  Sedgmore,  July  7,  1685,  and  addressed  to  the  famous 
Colonel  Kirk,  the  purport  of  which  was  to  have  gibbets  erected,  and  to 
hang  rebels  ad  libitum.  The  embarrassing  feature  of  this  document 
Mr.  Bruce  explained  to  be  as  follows: — it  had  all  the  semblance  of  a 
warrant,  but  at  some  period  it  had  been  folded  as  a  letter  and  addressed 
to  *'The  Hon^'°  Sir  John  Guys  at  the  House  of  Coihons," — whereas  it 
appears  that  Sir  John  Guise  was  not  a  Member  of  Parliament  before  1688, 
three  years  after  the  date  of  the  document  so  directed  to  him. 

The  second  letter  was  from  the  Lords  of  Council  to  Charles,  Earl  of 
Macclesfield,  dated  July  15,  1690,  ordering  him,  as  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  to  call  the  militia  together.  The  letter  is  interesting 
as  evidence  of  the  panic  caused  by  the  battle  of  Beechy  Head  on  the 
30th  June,  1690,  between  Tourville  and  Torrington. 

The  third  document  was  a  letter  from  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield  to  Sir 
John  Guise,  dated  July  29,  1690,  impugning  some  arrests  that  had  been 
made  bv  Sir  John's  orders. 

J.  J.  Howard,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  grant  of  arms  to  the  Mayor 


I860.] 


619 


THE  OXFORD  ARCHITECTURAL  AND  HISTORICAL 

SOCIETY. 

First  Meeting,  Michaelmas  Term,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Plitmptre, 

THE  President,  in  the  chair. 
Nov.  14.  This  meeting  (held  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  by  per- 
mission) was  the  first  held  since  the  change  in  the  denomination  of  the 
Society  which  was  made  last  term,  and  by  which  title  the  scope  of 
the  Society's  labours  was  considerably  enlarged.  As  many  are  probably 
aware,  the  word  "  Historical "  has  been  added  to  the  title,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  subscription  has  been  reduced  from  one  guinea  to  ten 
shillings  for  members  during  residence,  and  five  shillings  for  non-resident 
members  who  would  wish  to  keep  up  their  connection  with  the  Society 
and  receive  the  reports.  This  reduction  of  the  subscription,  as  was  antici- 
pated, enabled  the  President  to  read  a  much  longer  list  of  new  members 
to  be  balloted  for  at  the  next  meeting  than  had  been  the  case  for  some 
years  past. 

Two  new  members,  proposed  at  the  last  meeting,  were  elected — the  Hon.  B.  Abbott, 
Ch.  Ch.,  and  A.  W.  Booker,  Esq.,  Ch.  Oh. 


The  nsual  business  of  the  Society  being 
concluded,  the  President  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  meeting  to  the  discussion  of 
the  evening,  namely,  the  Connection  of 
History  with  Architecture,  which  he  con- 
sidered very  appropriate  to  the  inangnra- 
tive  meetings  under  the  new  title.  He  then 
called  upon  Mr.  J.  H.  Parker,  who  said  he 
had  been  requested  to  open  the  discussion, 
as  being  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
Architectural  Society.  He  cordially  ap- 
proved of  the  union  of  history  with  archi- 
tecture, and  considered  it  rather  a  develop- 
ment of  the  original  idea  of  the  Society  than 
any  real  change  of  plan.  The  Society  had 
always  taken  the  historical  view  of  archi- 
tecture, the  eesthetical  and  the  practical 
had  come  in  naturally  and  inddentally, 
but  were  not  essential.  Some  of  the  ear- 
liest papers  read  before  the  Society  had 
been  as  much  historical  as  architecturaL 
The  Heraldic  and  Archseolc^cal  Society 
had  already  been  incorporated  wirh  this 
Society,  which  possessed  the  library  of 
both.  The  collection  of  casts  of  the 
mouldings  and  details  of  each  style  or 
period  which  the  Society  had  formed  at 
its  commencement  as  the  Grammar  of  the 
study,  had  always  been  arranged  in  chrono- 


logical order  and  under  the  kings'  reigns, 
which  must  be  allowed  to  be  an  historical 
arrangement.  He  considered  it  impossi- 
ble to  understand  mediaeval  architecture 
without  history.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
architecture  of  every  country  was  an  essen- 
tial part  of  its  history,  and  so  closely  con- 
nected with  it  that  it  seems  impossible  to 
separate  them.  He  believed  that  some 
knowledge  of  the  history  of  architecture 
would  be  of  the  greatest  use  to  the  student 
of  all  other  branches  of  history,  and  greatly 
assist  his  memory,  as  visible  and  tangible 
objects  are  always  more  easily  remembered 
than  any  others. 

The  character  of  each  century  is  dis- 
tinctly stamped  upon  its  architecture,  and 
everything  else  is  subordinate  to  this; 
national,  provincial,  and  even  personal  in- 
fluence may  be  traced  upon  many  build- 
ings, but  quite  subordinate  to  the  character 
of  the  age  in  which  they  were  erected. 
The  exact  date  of  a  building  tells  its  cha- 
racter much  more  than  the  place  where^ 
or  the  persons  by  whom,  it  was  erected. 
The  buildings  of  the  eleventh  century  mark 
a  period  of  very  rapid  progress  from  almost 
barbarism  at  the  beg^inning,  the  masonry 
bang  of  the  rudest  possible  deicriptioD,  to 


620 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec. 


a  coiiBidcrablc  degree  of  civilization  and 
very  good  masonry  at  the  end  of  it.  The 
twelfth  century  was  also  a  jwriod  of  very 
rajiid  progress,  and  U'fore  the  end  of  it  we 
have  as  tine  masonry  as  the  world  has  ever 
seen,  although  the  style  is  still  h«;avy  and 
masfflve,  and  may  be  said  to  symbolize  the 
oi)i)res8ive  rule  of  the  Norman  kings. 

In  the  thirteenth  century  we  have  light- 
ness, vigour,  and  boldness,  characteristic 
of  freedom  of  thought  and  of  action, — the 
men  who  erected  those  buildings  also  ob- 
tained Magna  Charta.  In  the  fourteenth 
century  we  have  less  vigour  but  more  re- 
finement, and  in  architectural  details  a 
more  close  copying  of  natural  forms.  In 
the  fifteenth  century  the  beginning  of 
decay  may  he  traced  in  the  sliallowness 
and  feebleness  of  the  details,  but  English 
buildings  of  this  i>eriod  still  often  have 
a  good  deal  of  manly  vigour  about  them. 
In  the  sixteenth  the  decay  has  proceeded, 
and  the  mixture  of  styles  shews  the  un- 
settled state  of  the  times. 

The  personal  character  of  our  kings,  as 
well  as  the  times  in  which  they  lived, 
were  not  without  their  influence  on  the 
architecture  of  their  day.  The  chief  build- 
ings of  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror 
and  William  Kufus  are  the  Norman  castles, 
those  massive  scjuare  keeps  which  are 
fouud  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Henry 
1.,  called  Beauclerc,  was  a  Vnan  of  letters 
and  of  religion,  and  the  chief  buildings  of 
his  time  are  monasteries  and  churches.  The 
civil  wars  of  the  time  of  Stephen  called 
for  more  castles;  many  were  added,  and 
others  rebuilt  in  his  reign.  Henry  II. 
succeede<l  by  peaceful  hereditary  succession 
to  the  whole  of  the  western  provinces  of 
France.  The  constant  frimdly  intercourse 
with  the  people  of  those  provinces  could 
not  fail  to  have  considenible  infiuence  upon 
England,  and  this  is  shewn  in  the  archi- 
tii'ture  of  the  i)eriod,  the  great  time  of 
triinsition  from  the  Norm:m  to  the  Gothic 
st  yle. 

]{ichard  Cccur-de-Lion  was  not  merely 
a  warrior,  he  was  the  first  military  archi- 
tect and  engineer  of  his  day,  as  is  shewn 
by  the  ChAteau  (iaillard,  which  he  designed 
and  built,  and  which  was  far  in  advance 
of  any  other  buildings  of  his  day.     The 

C 


freedom  which  the  people  obtained  undi  r 
John  is  shown  by  the  freedom  of  their 
ai'chitei-turc,  as  has  been  said.  Some  ex- 
cuse may  be  made  for  the  vacillHtion  and 
weakness  of  the  goyemmcnt  of  Henry  III., 
by  the  fact  that  the  whole  revenue  of 
his  kingdom  was  absorlnfd  in  building: 
almost  all  onr  great  cathedrals  and  abbey 
churches  belong  to  his  reign.  A  great 
war  with  Wales  would  have  been  as 
ruinous  then  as  a  great  European  war 
would  have  been  during  the  height  of  the 
railway  mania  in  our  own  day.  Edward  I. 
has  left  the  stamp  of  his  character  and  his 
history  in  the  great  castles  of  Wales,— 
Conway,  Caernarvon,  Beaumaris,  and  Har- 
lech, —  and  not  less  in  the  castles  of 
Guienue ;  and  of  his  free  trade  principles  in 
the  flourishing  towns  which  ho  founded. 

In  the  time  of  Edward  II.  and  III., 
the  great  burons  who  ruled  the  country 
have  left  monuments  of  themselves  every 
where  in  the  castles  and  the  churcbei 
which  they  built,  as  in  this  neighbonrbood 
Dorchester  Abbey  Church,  which  had  in 
its  windows  tlic  anus  of  nearly  all  the 
great  barons  of  the  time  of  Edward  II. 

Tlie  will  of  King  Henry  VI.  contaiu 
the  most  minute  arcliitectural  directions 
for  the  building  of  his  two  colleges  at 
Eton  and  Cambridge.  But  the  religions 
fervour  which  was  at  its  height  in  tht 
time  of  Henry  III.  was  gradually  decay- 
ing, and  in  the  following  century  hecains 
very  dead,  until  revived  by  the  Reforma- 
tion. The  castles  of  the  Edwardian  pe- 
nod  gradually  gave  way  to  more  peacefiil 
habitations,  and  before  the  end  of  the  fif- 
teenth century  the  fortifications  were  in* 
tended  more  for  keeping  out  bands  of 
robbers  than  for  regular  war&re.  In  the 
sixteenth  Uiey  became  more  ornamental* 
and  marks  of  grandeur  rather  than  mefbL 
Altogether,  he  thought  that  ardiitectore 
was  the  best  possible  memoria  teekniea  (or 
the  study  of  modem  history. 

The  President  in  tbanlung  Mr.  Parker 
for  his  remarks,  with  which  he  fhUy  con- 
curred, referred  to  a  question  which  was 
closely  connnected  with  them,  namely,  the 
cause  of  the  metal- work  being  often  so 
far  in  advance  of  the  buildings  of  the  Mae 
age.    lie   pomted  out  the  lact  that  wc 


j» 


I860.]     The  Oxjord  Architectural  and  Historical  Society,        621 


found  jewellery  of  remote  ages  equal  in 
beauty  aiid  delicacy  to  that  of  the  present 
day, — of  ages  which  were,  in  other  respects, 
very  uncivilized.  He  referred  to  examples 
which  were  dug  up  in  America,  evidently 
of  an  early  period,  but  of  workmanship 
equal  to  that  of  Paris  or  London  of  the 
present  time.  He  then  called  on  the  Li- 
brarian to  say  a  few  words  respecting  the 
Roman  spear-head  which  had  been  laid 
upon  the  table. 

The  Librarian  begged,  first  of  all,  to 
off>  r  a  few  remarks  upon  what  had  fallen 
from  the  President  with  respect  to  other 
remains   belonging  to  the  Middle  Ages, 
than  those  of  buildings.  It  seemed  to  him, 
that   as  buildings   appealed   to   the  eye 
as  had    been  shewn,   in    illustration    of 
history,  so  all  works  of  art  and  manufac- 
ture belonging  to  a  certain  period  wonld, 
when  collected  t<^ether,  tend  to  illustrate 
the  manners,  customs,   and,  indeed,  the 
civilization  of  that  period ;  and  he  referred 
especially  to  the  fact  of  the  Architectural 
Society   possessing    a    considerable    and 
valuable  collection  of  casts,  models,  &c, 
illustrating  the  times  from  the  Norman 
Conquest  downwards.    At  the  same  time, 
there  was  a  collection  in  the  room,  the 
Ashmolean   collection,  which  was  almost 
confined  to  objects  illustrating  the  history 
of  this  country  previous  to  the  Norman 
Conquest.      Now   what    he    hoped    was, 
that   these   two  should   be    brought  to- 
gether,  and  thus    form   a  chronological 
series  of  illustrations  from  the  time  of  the 
liouians  to   the  present;   and  he  hoped 
that  it  was  not  saying  too  much,   that 
there  was  no  building  in  Oxrord  so  suit- 
able in  every  way  for  the  whole  collection 
as  the  room  in  which  they  were  now  as- 
sembled, and  in  which  one-half  of  the  col- 
lection had  been  placed  for  more  than  two 
hundred  years. 

With  regard  to  the  Roman  spear-head 
which  had  been  sent  for  exhibition  to  this 
meeting,  he  would  only  observe  that  it  was 
one  out  of  140  which  were  found  laid  edge- 
wise in  two  rows  of  70,  one  above  the  other, 
in  the  centre  of  the  Roman  camp  at  Bour- 
ton-on -the- Water,  not  far  from  Addlestrop 
Siutiuu.  He  pointed  out  the  position  of 
this  camp  with  regard  to  the  great  Fosse- 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


way  and  the  other  chief  roads  of  Roman 
Britain.  The  other  piece  of  iron- work, 
possibly  a  sword-hilt,  was  found  in  the 
churchyard  of  Lower  Swell,  near  which 
are  two  British  barrows.  He  hoped,  how- 
ever, that  these  were  but  a  beginning,  and 
that  at  each  meeting  rimilar  objects  of  in- 
terest wonld  be  laid  before  the  Society,  and 
that  several  would  in  course  of  time  find 
their  way  into  its  collection. 

Mr.  Owen  referred  to  the  Library  of  the 
Society,  which,  it  was  explained,  was  not  as 
yet  accessible  to  members,  but  arrange- 
ments it  was  hoped  would  shortly  be  made 
for  that  purpo  e. 

Mr.  Shirley,  of  Wadham,  said  that  he 
was  struck  with  two  points  which  bad 
fkllen  iVom  Mr.  Parker.  First,  the  great 
change  which  took  place  in  military  archi- 
tecture. InNormantimesthemasnvesqnare 
keeps,  rude  and  simple  as  they  were,  an- 
swered their  purpose, — they  could  not  be 
taken,  and  enabled  the  g^reat  barons  often 
to  set  the  king  at  defiance.  A  century 
later  we  find  that  the  means  of  attack  have 
increased,  and  necesritated  much  greater 
preparations  for  defence,  as  in  the  Ch&teaa 
Gaillard.  At  a  later  period,  again,  in  the 
time  of  Edward  1.,  we  have  deep  ditches 
and  bold  fianking  towers.  Some  evening 
he  hoped  we  might  discuss  the  means  of 
attack  and  defence  as  connected  with  mi- 
litary architecture.  Secondly,  he  wished 
to  ask  Mr.  Parker  whether  he  had  been 
able  to  trace  any  infiuenoe  of  the  different 
religions  Orders  on  the  style  of  architec- 
ture in  their  buildings. 

Mr.  Parker  said  that  the  point  had  not 
yet  been  sufficiently  investigated  to  arrive 
at  any  satisfactory  conclusion.  The  build- 
ings belonging  to  the  Cistercian  Order  are 
generally  plwner  than  others  of  the  same 
period,  especially  the  earlier  bnildiiigt. 
There  is  also  a  difference  of  plan  between 
a  monastery,  and  a  cathedral  surrounded 
by  its  dose,  with  separate  houses  for  the 
canons,  as  had  been  pcnnted  out  by  Mr. 
Freeman ;  but  the  subject  altogether  re- 
quired more  investigation. 

Mr.  Pattison,  of  Lincoln,  enquired  what 
was  the  date  of  the  latest  fortified  houses 
or  private  buildings  erected  for  defence  ? 
Mr.  Ooldwin  Smith  instanced  Old  Has- 

4S 


G22 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec 


ing-honso,  of  the  time  of  James  I.,  wbich 
anstaineil  throo  sieges;  bnt  this  was  proba- 
bly an  exceptional  case  ;  bouses  of  so  late 
a  period  were  not  usaally  fortified  at  all, 
or  not  sufficiently  to  stand  a  siege. 

Tlie  President  mentioned  tbat  be  bad 
received  a  letter  from  Torquay,  enquiring 
wbetber  tbe  floor  under  tbe  seats  in  a 
cburcb  sbould  be  raised,  or  level  witb  tbat 
of  tbe  passages.  The  committee  tbought 
it  was  gpncrally  better  for  tbem  to  be 
level,  to  avoid  the  danger  of  elderly  people 
tripping  over  tbe  low  step,  wbicb  is  more 
dangerous  tban  a  step  of  tlie  usual  height. 

Mr.  Parker,  in  roply  to  a  remark  of  tbe 
President  respecting  the  metal-work  of  an 
early  period,  like  Alfred's  jewel  in  this 
Museum,  ol>served  tbat  metal-work  was 
generally  in  advance  of  stone  sculpture, 
and  tbat  a  half-civilized  people  are  often 


very  skilAil  workers  in  metal.  He  alsi 
mentioned  Mr.  Skidmore's  theory,  tbat  tbe 
conventional  foliage  of  tbe  tranational 
period  was  copied  from  the  gold  orna- 
ments used  in  tbe  wooden  chnrchee  o'  the 
Saxons,  many  of  which  may  have  been 
preserved  to  tbat  period.  With  reference 
to  this  Museum,  be  took  tbe  opportnuity 
of  calling  attention  to  the  Amndel  mar- 
bles, now  kept  in  a  room  belongini^  to  tbe 
Bo<lleian  Library  where  nobody  sees  them. 
Amongst  tbem  are  tbe  fonndation-atonei^ 
witb  inscriptions.  Of  Deerhnrst  Chnrch  in 
Gloucestershire,  founded  by  Dnke  Odds 
in  1053,  and  of  Rewley  Abbey  in  Oxford, 
founded  by  Ela  Long^etp^  ConnteM  of 
Salisbury,  about  1230.  Tliese  objecta  ought 
to  form  part  of  an  Historical  Mufleom. 

Tbe   President   then    adyoumed   tb« 
meeting. 


Second  Meetino,  Michaelmas  Tebx. 
Nov.  21.     The  Eev.  Dfi.  Pluhptke  in  the  Chair. 

Tbe  following  gentlemen  were  elected  members  of  the  Society  :•« 

Rev.  Dr.  Welleslcy,  Principnl  of  New  Inn  Hall. 

Mow  A.  P.  Stanley,  Regius  Professor  of  Ecclesinstieal  History. 

Ooldwin  Smith,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Modem  History. 

Hev.  G.  Ridding,  M.A.,  Exeter  College. 

liev.  C.  W.  Rouse,  M.A.,  Follow  of  Exeter  College. 

Rev.  G.  M.  Rullock.  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College. 

Montagu  K.  Burrows,  M.A.,  Magdalen  Hall. 

C.  E.  Hammond,  Ejm].,  Fellow  of  Exeter  College. 

Viscount  Newry,  Ch.  Ch. 

Cbas.  A])pleton,  Esq.,  St  John's  College. 

John  J^angdon  Fulford,  Esq.,  St.  Mary  HalL 

T.  E.  Hawes,  I*^.,  Abingdon. 

Henry  St.  John  Hoade,  Esq.,  University  College. 

J.  Scott,  Esq.,  Pembroke  College. 

The  President,  while  these  names  were  being  balloted  for,  read  extncti 
from  the  following  letters  which  had  been  received  by  the  Committee. 
From  the  Rev.  If.  B.  W.  Churton,  asking  for  information  on  Manor  Chancels. 
From  the  Rev.  C.  A.  Orifiith,  giving  an  account  of  an  ancient  mural  paint- 
ing in  distemper  on  the  walls  of  tbe  church  at  Berwick  St.  John.  From 
the  Rev.  J.  Cross,  asking  for  information  tespecting  the  stained  glass  of 
Capronnier  of  Brussels,  a  specimen  of  which  may  be  seen  in  Doncaster 
Church.  From  the  Rev.  E.  R.  Hutton,  referring  to  the  fact  that  heraldry 
was,  as  well  as  architecture  and  history,  a  subject  to  which  the  Sodetf 
should  give  its  attention,  as  tbe  two  societies,  the  Heraldic  and  Architec- 
tural, were  some  years  ago  united ;  and,  secondly,  hoping  that  the  Society 


I860.]     The  Oxford  Architectural  and  Historical  Society.        623 


would  find  means  to  put  itself  into  communication  with  some  of  the  nume- 
rous literary  and  scientific  institutes,  &c.,  which  had  been  set  on  foot  in  the 
adjoining  counties.  He  thought  that  many  would  be  glad  to  receive  the 
reports  of  the  Society*s  proceedings,  and  also,  probably,  be  wilhng  to 
furnish  accounts  of  discoveries  of  archaeological  interest  in  their  immediate 
neighbourhood. 

The  names  to  supply  those  of  the  five  outgoing  members  of  committee 
were  read,  and  also  the  names  of  those  gentlemen  who  wish  to  join  the 
Society,  to  be  balloted  for  at  the  next  meeting. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Parker  then  delivered  his  lecture,  "  On  the  Comparative  Pro- 
gress of  Architecture  in  England  and  France  during  the  Middle  Ages,  with 
especial  reference  to  the  History  of  the  Times." 

Mr.  Parker  began  at  the  year  1000,  and     of  France  were  part  of  the  English  domi- 


quoted  a  }.a  sage  from  the  contemporary 
chronicle  of  Uadulphos  Glaber,  that  "  from 
the  number  of  new  buildings  being  erected 
in  1003,  the  world  appeared  to  be  putting 
on  a  new  white  robe."  He  also  refvrred 
to  the  treatise  of  King  Canute  for  the  safe 
conduct  of  English  travellers,  who  in  iheir 
more  extended,  and  often  varied  journeys 
to  Rome,  had  better  opportunities  of  see- 
ing and  knowing  what  was  going  on  than 
the  inhabitants  of  any  province  of  France, 
and  to  this  he  attributed  the  greater  per- 
fection  of  English  Gothic;  the  changes 
are  so  gradual  as  to  be  almost  impercepti- 


nions,  and  there  was  consequently  great 
intercourse  between  the  people  of  those 
provinces  and  England,  and  their  archi- 
tecture had  more  influence  upon  ours  than 
that  of  any  other  part  of  France.  The 
buildings  of  Anjou,  Poitou,  Maine,  and 
Touraine,  were  in  advance  of  any  others 
at  that  time,  and  had  a  mixture  of  the 
Byzantine  element  derived  from  Perigord. 
He  said  that  bar-tracery  was  used  si- 
multaneously in  the  Sancte  Chapelle  at 
Paris,  at  Rheims,  and  in  the  chapter*house 
at  Westminster,  in  1245.  Ornamental 
foliage  was  copied  from  nature  about  the 


ble,  and  although  advantage  was  taken  of     end  of  the  thirteenth  century  in  both 


any  improvement  in  foreign  countries, 
they  were  so  assimilated  to  the  English 
style  that  no  violent  change  or  hiatus  is 
anywhere  perceptible.  The  fritndly  in- 
tercourse of  the  people  of  England  and 
France  had  far  more  to  do  with  this  pro- 
gress than  any  change  of  government,  but 
those  provinces  of  France  with  which  wo 
had  the  most  intercourse  naturally  bad 
the  greatest  ihiluence  upon  our  own  archi- 
tecture. In  the  fii*st  half  of  the  eleventh 
century  our  style  is  distinct  from  anything 
in  France,  and  is  possibly  Danish.  In  the 
time  uf  Edward  the  Confessor  the  Norman 
style  was  introduced,  and  there  is  no  dif- 
ference then  between  Normandy  and  Eng- 
Lmd;  the  early  work  at  Westminster  is 
just  as  forward  as  the  work  of  the  ^amo 
time  at  Caen,  and  this  continues  to  be  the 
cii^e  until  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury. During  the  great  period  of  tran- 
sition, the  whole  of  the  western  provinces 


countries.  The  mouldings  are  always  far 
more  numerous  in  the  English  buildings. 
After  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century 
the  styles  entirely  diverge  from  each  other ; 
the  French  Flamboyant  and  the  English 
Perpendicular  are,  at  first  sight,  totally 
different,  but  have  many  features  in 
common :  the  shallowness  and  poverty  of 
the  details  in  both  are  sig^  of  approach- 
ing decay.  Throughout  the  whole  period 
the  race  was  so  nearly  even  that  it  is  often 
difficult  to  say  which  had  the  priority. 

In  the  courseof  the  lecture  he  laid  special 
stress  upon  the  necessity  of  tnking  the 
history  of  the  country  into  account,  and 
remembering  that  France  was  not,  as  now^ 
one  country,  but  composed  of  separate 
provinces,  constantly  changing  and  con- 
stantly influenced  by  external  political 
events,  and  each  having,  therefore,  its 
distinct  architectural  character. 

The  President,  in  thanking  Mr.  Parker, 


6.24 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec 


referred  to  iiMtanccs  where  Preiich  archi- 
tects had  been  brought  over  into  KrigLiud. 
lie  also  called  attention  to  what  he  con- 
Bidored  to  be  one  of  tlio  earliest  churches 
existing  ill  this  country,  namely,  the  church 
of  Dover,  which  he  was  glad  to  say  the 
Govi'rniuent  had  ordered  to  be  put  into 
repair,  but  the  original  work  to  be  scru- 
pulously preserved,  and  that  it  was  now 
in  Mr.  Scott's  hands. 

Mr.  Urquhart,  of  Balliol,  wislie<l  that 
more  reference  had  been  miide  to  Scotland, 
lie  thought  thiit  the  architecture  of  this 
part  of  Britain  was  more  immediately 
connected  with  that  of  France  than  with 
the  architecture  of  England.  He  refer- 
red especially  to  the  flamboyant  style, 
which  was  common  to  France  and  Scot* 
land,  but  wanting  in  England.     He,  how- 


ever, admitted  that  the  chapter-home  of 
Elgin  Cathe«1ral  was  aiinilar  to  that  of 
Wells  and  others,  and  of  a  t^pe  not  fimDd 
in  France,  lie  also  referred  to  the  pre- 
valence of  the  tooth-omaineiit,  hot  the 
abfl<*nce  of  the  ball-flower  orumment.  In 
Scotland. 

Mr.  Parker  thought  the  ooni|4iriaoii  of 
the  architecture  of  Scotland  wirh  that  of 
England  and  of  Fnincc,  from  b<itli  of  wfaidi 
it  differed  in  many  pointa,  quite  worthy  of 
being  studied,  and  he  liopecl  hii  1 1  he  Society 
would  be  favoured  with  aoine  ohscrYatiooi 
upon  it ;  but  ic  would  haw  lKH*n  loo  wida 
a  field  for  him  to  have  iiitrud  oed  it  into 
his  lecture  that  evening. 

After  some  obscrvatioiis  from  the  Ber. 
J.  W.  Burgon  and  tlie  lUrr.  U.  J.  Boo^ 
the  meeting  was  adyoumed. 


LONDON  AND  MIDDLESEX  AND  SURREY  ARCHJEOLOGICiX 

SOCIETIES. 


Sept,  18.  Basset  Smith,  Esq.,  F.G.S., 
in  the  chair. 

Mr.  William  Henry  Hart,  F.S.A.,  ex- 
hibited a  deed  dated  IGvh  of  June,  1635, 
made  between  Richard  Evelyn  of  VVootton, 
Esq.,  CO.  Surrey,  of  the  one  part,  and 
Robert  Ilattou  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
Ijondon,  Km].,  and  Oeorgc  Duncuml)e  of 
Albury,  Ksci-,  co.  Surrey,  of  the  other 
part;  whereby  Richard  Evelyn,  for  the 
natural  love  and  affection  he  bore  to  John 
Eoelynt  gentleman,  his  second  son,  and 
Richard  Evelyn  his  youngest  son,  settled 
cei*tain  estates  in  the  county  of  Sussex  for 
their  benefit. 

This  deed  is  of  interest,  as  rel  iting  to 
the  Ci^ebrated  John  Evelyn,  and  it  fur- 
nishes not  only  a  good  signature  of  Richard 
Evelyn  his  father,  but  also  of  John  Rowe, 
the  SuMcx  antiquary,  who  is  one  of  the 
attesting  witnesses. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Suas  exhibited  some  Roman 
lead-pipe,  which  was  taken  up  in  1854, 
along  the  line  of  Old  Broad-street,  near 
the  site  of  the  late  Excise-office.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  supply -pipe  of 
a  Roman  hiith,  fttund  near  the  spot. 

Mr.  VV.  H.  Overall  exhibited  several 
gl)ccimens  of  lioman  pottery,  recently  dis- 


covered in  Ivy-lane  and  St.  PenrsChaRli< 
yard. 

A  massive  egg-shaped  watch,  nuinniii^ 
tured  about  270  yean  siucut  was  exhibittd 
by  Mr.  FiUinham.  The  case  and  face  were 
entirely  of  brass,  and  a  imall  pin.  about 
the  sixteenth  of  an  inch  in  leng  h,  wn 
affixed  to  each  figure  on  the  diaL 

Two  papers  by  Mr.Hig^na  were  read 
by  Mr.  Sass :  one,  with  reference  to  a  nb- 
terraneim  passage  in  Canonbary,  the  other 
with  regnrd  to  a  cuffiu  fonnd  in  the  road- 
way oppotdte  the  "Angely"  lulington,  ia 
1855. 

Joseph  Jackson  Howard,  P.S.An  a- 
hibitid  a  collection  of  curioui  ailver  Mahh 
temp,  sixtei-nth  century,  one  of  then  bear* 
ing  the  arms  of  Mort*,  of  More  and  fiank» 
in  the  county  of  Lancaiter,  Tia.  [Aigvntl 
three  hounds  oourant  in  pale  [aaUe] :  oa 
another,  of  •ouiewhat  lingnlar  ihap^ 
dating  about  the  oommenoemeut  of  the  ai- 
teenth  century,  the  arms  of  the  Meroeii^ 
Company  are  quaintly  engraved. 

Mr.  Howard  ako  eahibiti-d  two  granti 
of  arms  to  the  Harei  of  Stow  Bardolpk. 
Norfolk.  Ihc  fint,  in  |ioini  of  diite^  ■ 
a  grant  fVom  Robert  Cooke.  Clarradtvit 
(with  hii  siguature  and  toal,)  to  NicbolM 


I860.]    London  and  Middx.  and  Surrey  ArchceoL  Society,         625 


Hare,  of  Stow  Bardolpb,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  son  of  John  Hare  of  London, 
gentleman,  and  grandson  of  John  Hare, 
of  Humarsfield,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk. 
The  arms  are  described  as  follows : — 
"  Gules  two  barres  golde  a  chief  indented 
siluer ;"  and  crest,  "  a  demy-Lion  argent, 
a  crowne  about  the  neck  golde." 

The  second  is  a  confirmation  to  Sir 
Rnlph  Hare  of  Stow  Bardolph,  Knight  of 
the  Bath,  son  and  heir  of  Richard  Hare  of 
London,  and  grandson  of  John  Hare  of  the 
same  city,  of  the  ancient  arms  of  the  Hares, 
viz.,  "gueles  two  barres  and  a  cheife  in- 
dented or ;"  the  previous  grant  by  Cooke 
being  pronounced  incorrect.  'Ibis  docu- 
ment is  dated  February  12,  1613,  and 
near  the  fold  is  the  signature  of  William 
Camden. 

The  Honorary  Secretary  exhibited  a 
grant  of  arms,  by  William  Hervy,  Norroy, 
(lated  15  Nov.  1556,)  to  "John  Crocker 
of  Hoekmorton,"  in  tbe  county  of  Oxlbrd. 
The  arms  are  thus  described  : — "  Argent 
a  clieu'on  engraled  gulz,  betwene  iij  crowes 
sable,  on  the  cheu'on  iij  molettes  p'sed 
golde."  The  crest,  "  A  crowe  sable  w* 
u  crowne  siluer  abowt  the  neke  holdyng 
a  wliete  eare  in  his  beke  golde." 

Two  miniatures  of  members  of  the  Cro- 
ker  family  were  also  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Cox ;  these  miniatures  are  mounted  in 
gold  and  surmounted  by  the  family  arms. 

Oct.  16.  William  Hbnby  Habt,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Richardson  communicated 
a  paper  cm  Monuniental  Brasses  and  stated 
that  he  pro})08ed  to  confine  his  remarks  to 
the  various  methods  employe*!  for  obtain- 
ing impressicms  or  "rubbings"  of  brasses, 
and  referred,  in  the  first  place,  to  the 
mode  employed  by  the  late  Craven  Ord, 
p]sq.,  the  bulk  of  whose  collections  are 
now  in  the  British  Museum.  Of  this  gen- 
tleman's work  a  specimen  was  exhibited 
[the  property  of  Joseph  J.  Howard,  Esq., 
F.S.A.],  taken  by  means  of  pressure,  after 
the  surface  of  the  brass  had  been  covei^ 
by  a  iiiixture  of  lauip-bl  ick  and  oil.  Other 
specimens,  also  exhibited  by  Mr.  Howard, 
were  taken  by  having  a  mixture  of  ap- 
parently printing-ink  rubbed  in  the  iucibcd 


lines.  The  appearance  of  the  figures  being 
entirely  reversed  was  a  grave  objection  to 
this  mode,  especially  as  regarded  the  quar- 
terings  of  heraldic  shields.  He  then  re« 
ferred  to  and  exhibited  specimens  of  "  oil 
rubbiii>(s"  taken  on  tissue  paper,  which, 
being  laid  on  the  brass,  was  passed  over 
with  a  wash-leather  pad  cbarged  with  lin- 
seed oil  and  black  lead,  'lliis  operation  had 
the  merit  of  celerity,  but  soiled  the  hands 
considerably.  The  remaining  methods 
were  those  generally  adopted  by  collectors 
— namely,  with  "heel-ball"  and  the  me- 
tallic "rubber."  Mr.  Richardson  then 
alluded  to  the  differences  between  the 
two  last-mentic  ned  articles — the  heel-ball 
giving  the  engraved  lines  white  instead  of 
black,  while  the  metallic  rubber,  with  the 
prepared  paper,  gave  a  perfect  facsimile  of 
the  brass.  As  specimens,  he  referred  to 
some  rubbings  by  himself  of  the  brass  of 
Canon  Langton,  from  Exe:er  Cathedral, 
the  arms  on  the  shield  above  the  figure, 
"Or,  a  chevron  gules  within  a  bordure 
azure,  charged  with  eight  mitres  of  the 
field,"  being  illuminated;  of  the  New- 
digate  brass,  from  Merstham  Church, 
Surrey;  and  of  the  very  splendid  brass 
of  Sir  Richard  Bagot  and  wife,  from  Ba- 
ginton  Church,  Warwickshire,  the  colours 
of  the  arms  on  the  surcoat  being  heraldi- 
cally  rendered,  as  well  as  the  colours  in- 
laid in  the  belt,  collar  of  SS,  &c. 

Mr.  Robert  Cole,  F.S.A.,  describetl  the 
following  autographs  h  hich  he  exhibited : 
— A  document  signed  by  Henry  VIII.,  in 
the  first  year  of  his  reign ;  another  with 
tbe  signature  of  Francis  I.  of  France ;  a 
document  relating  to  the  levying  of  troojw, 
soon  after  the  Spanish  Armada,  for  the 
county  of  Surrey,  to  which  was  prefixed 
the  signature  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  a  letter 
of  Charles  I. ;  another  of  Oliver  Cnimwell, 
written  when  be  was  only  Captain  Crom- 
well, and  dated  lf>42,  (no  other  autograph 
of  Oliver  Cro  uwell  at  this  period  is  known 
to  exist) ;  a  Treasury  warrant,  signed  by 
the  celebrated  Nell  Gwvnne,  with  her 
ini  ials,  E.  G.  (Nell's  autograph  is  of  ex- 
treme rarity);  a  letter  of  Queen  Anne, 
oountersignc<l  by  Bishop  Burnet,  and  a 
letter  of  James  II.,  with  the  signature  of 
"  Pepys."     He  also  exliibited  a  "  Loudon 


626 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec. 


Directory'  for  the  year  1755,  consisting  of 
but  a  few  pages,  comparing  it  with  the 
bulky  volume  of  the  present  year ;  and  a 
rare  broadside  relating  to  the  South  Sea 
Bubble. 

Mr.  Wills  exhibited  his  very  curious 
and  extensive  collection  of  ancient  keys, 
and  also  communicated  notes  on  the  prin- 
cipal keys  exliibited.  Particular  attention 
was  called  to  several  Roman  elaves  of 
great  rarity.  First,  an  iron  key,  of  which 
tiie  ex'  reniity  of  the  stem  is  rccurx  ed,  the 
web  projecting  laterally  from  its  end,  and 
having  four  long  denies  pointing  towards 
the  annular  bow.  It  is  somewhat  difficult 
to  comprehend  how  this  key  could  be  em- 
ployed,  but  it  is  thought  that  it  was  for 
raising,  or  rather  forcing  back  moveable 
prgs,  as  in  the  wooden  locks  of  Egypt. 
This  key  was  found  at  Colchester,  in  1843. 
Another  key  of  bronze,  discovered  many 
feet  below  the  surface  of  the  earth,  near 
St.  Swithin's  Church,  Cannon  street,  in 
1853;  other  keys  of  the  Kouiau  period, 
found  at  Colchester,  at  Charing  Gross 
(whilst  repairing  the  statue  of  Charles  I.), 
at  Kochester  Castlo,  and  beneath  Gerard's 
Hall  crypt,  in  DistafT-lune,  were  also  spe- 
cially alluded  to.  An  iron  key  of  very 
rude  fabric,  the  piped  stem  of  which  has 
only  a  fragment  of  the  web  remaining, 
and  the  bow  being  an  elongation  of  the 
stem  bent  round  in  a  hirge  circle,  the  end 
being  brought  close  to  the  stem,  but  un- 
attached to  it,  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Wills. 
This  key  was  dug  up  in  the  crypt  beneath 
St.  Paurs  Cathedral,  when  preparing  for 
the  interment  of  tlio  Duke  of  Wellington, 


in  1852,  and  is  probably  one  of  the  keys  of 
the  old  cathedral,  and  may  be  as  eaily  ai 
the  Norman  era. 

Mr.  Charles  J.  Shoppee  exhilnted  a  col- 
lection of  keys  compriung  speciineiia  of 
Elizabeth  and  James  I.'s  reigns,  and  one 
supposed  to  be  of  William  IIL'a  reign, 
elaborately  engraved  ¥rith  a  cipher  in  the 
bow,  and  originally  gilt;  variooa  apeci- 
mens  of  smiths'  work ;  and  a  taUe  duck, 
with  a  silver  horiiontal  ^1,  the  maker's 
name,  '*  William  Prins^  Rotterdam,"  en- 
graved on  the  works. 

Electrotypes  of  the  great  arals  of  the 
following  German  emperors  h  ere  also  ei- 
hibited  by  Mr.  Shoppee,  namely,  Sigis- 
mnnd,  Albert  XL,  and  Ferdinand  I. 

Joseph  J.  Howard,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  ex- 
hibited and  described,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Secretary,  a  pedigne  on  vellam  of  the 
Markham  family,  with  155  emUasMied 
shit  Ids  of  arms  of  the  family  alliances. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  pedigpree  Is  the 
shield  of  arms  of  Sir  Griffin  Markham, 
with  twenty-fbnr  qoarterings.  The  shield 
is  surmounted  by  three  helmeta  and  cresti^ 
and  a  similar  number  are  repreeented  on 
each  side  of  the  shield.  The  pidigree  is 
attested  by  William  Camden,  but  is  un- 
dated. 

Mr.  John  W.  Brown  exhibited  a  Boman 
vase,  found  near  the  Temple  Chnrdi,  and 
a  portion  of  Kouian  pavement  fbimd  in 
Upper  Thamcs-stn  et.  Several  original 
impressions  of  seals,  and  also  eahls  of 
ecclesiHstic  and  corporate  seals^  were  also 
exhibited  by  Mr.  HroHU. 


ARCHITECTUIIAL  ASSOCIATION. 


Oct.  26.  The  opening  meeting  and  <•(>»• 
vcrsazione  for  the  session  1860-61  took 
place  ut  the  Architectural  Galleries,  Con- 
(luit-Ktreet,  liegent-street,  the  I'riiiideiit 
of  the  Association,  T.  Uooeb  Smitu,  Esq., 
in  the  chair. 

Th«;  report  of  the  sub-committee  on 
Prizes  was  read,  and  the  prizu  for  sketches 
in  the  Class  of  Design  was  awarded  to 
]^Ir.  W.  T.  Sams.  The  prize  for  an  Essay  on 
•Street  Architecture  was  not  udjudgoil,  hut 
one  essay  having  been  sent  in. 

M'Uir  the  uoiuiuution  of  several  geiitle- 


men  to  be  iMlluted  for  ns  menibera  at  the 
next  meeting,  the  Prerident  dvUvercd  a 
long  and  able  address,  Irom  which  we  cite 
the  following  passHges : — 

"We  have  not  had  any  strikniglj  at- 
tractive competition,  nor  any  bui  dings 
thnt  have  risen  wry  rtnspicuonsljk  abote 
the  average  standard  or  vxcellcnce— a 
standard  which,  let  ns  remenibvr  it  with* 
satisfaction,  is  far  higher  at  the  present 
day  than  it  has  been  fur  many  giiterations. 
I  cannot,  however,  hep  drawiug  ytmr  at- 
tention t«>  one  new  ImiLding,  on  aoounnt 
of  its  exhibiting  many  of  the 


I860.] 


Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society. 


627 


of  what  we  must  admit  to  be  a  distinctive 
style  that  is  really  growing  up  amid  all 
our  disputes  as  to  whether  we  are  to  have 
any  st}le  of  our  own  or  no.  I  allude  to 
the  new  schools  in  Endell-street.  In  this 
building  we  have  combined  many  of  the 
characteristics  which  we  could  d  priori  ex- 
pect to  find  in  the  architecture  of  a  people 
who  are  peculiarly  rich  in  means  of  informa- 
tion anci  travel,  and  among  whom  the  arts 
of  peace  have  been  long  and  successfully  cul- 
tivated, building  in  a  city  where  no  stone 
quarries  are  near  at  hand  and  where  the 
climate  is  bai  for  all  perishable  materials. 
Wg  luve  brick,  the  proper  London  mate- 
rial, formi'  g  the  material  and  giving  the 
motive  of  almost  all  the  ornamentation. 
We  have  a  general  prevalence  of  conti- 
nentrtl  foi  ms  brought  together  from  various 
districts  familiar  to  English  travellers; 
these  forms  being  not,  however,  slavishly 
copied,  but  artistically  adopted  as  types. 
Vi'c  have  a  Gothic  spirit  pervading  the 
whole  building,  a  great  deal  of  novelty 
and  desik^n,  and  a  great  deal  of  work  re- 
quiring good  workmanship  and  adapted  to 
modern  materials.  This  building  is  the 
more  remarkable  because  in  the  stained 
glass-works  in  its  immediate  neighbour- 
hood is  another  example,  less  elaborate  but 
not  less  characteristic  of  the  modern  build; 
while  a  short  distance  off  stands  a  third 
example — I  refer  to  the  Northern  School 
of  St.  Mtrtin-in-the- Fields,  in  Castle-street, 
Endell-street — that  has  the  merit  of  being 
one  ot  the  earliest,  and  of  still  remaining 
one  of  the  best,  attempts  to  introduce  or- 
namental brickwork,  with  forms  and  de- 
tails a  good  deal  drawn  from  continental 
sources,  into  London  street  architecture. 

"  Pointing  in  the  same  direction,  is  the 
character  of  that  gorgeously -decorated 
church  not  long  completed,  in  Margaret- 


street.  The  architect  has  not  here  had  to 
contend  with  a  disadvantage  which,  more 
than  any  other,  impedes  the  progress  of 
our  art  at  the  present  day — naniely,  the 
preference  of  the  public  for  an  expenditure 
of  the  most  parsimonious  order,  coupled 
with  a  desire  for  ornament  in  which  ef- 
fectiveness and  profusion  are  more  desired 
than  congmity  or  good  taste.  In  Marga- 
ret-street the  outlay  has  been  such  as  to 
secure  the  best  resources  available,  and 
the  result  must  be  acknowledged  to  be 
most  striking,  and  at  the  siime  time  to 
partake  of  those  characteristics  I  have  al- 
ready named— that  is  to  fay,  brick  ex- 
terior, general  continental  character,  trace- 
able t«)  the  influence  of  German,  Italian, 
and  French  (>xamples,  as  well  as  English, 
a  very  unfettered  and  successful,  though  at 
times  extreme,  searcli  after  novelty,  and 
the  command  of  very  various  materials 
and  methods  of  building  and  of  very  good 
workmanship.** 


» 


Mr.  G.  G.  Scott  expressed  his  general 
concurrence  in  the  views  of  the  Chairman, 
and  l^-ofessor  Donaldson  remarked  that 
the  Chairman's  very  well-wntten  discourse 
embraced  many  subjects  of  the  greatest 
interest  to  the  profession.  The  part  which 
related  to  street  architecture  was  one  of 
great  importance.  In  his  address  the 
Chairman  referred  to  some  foreign  improve- 
ments, but  he  (Profe(>8or  Donaldson)  hoped 
that  our  own  English  feeling  would  be 
carried  oat  with  8iicce«.  We  should  not 
be  too  much  indebted  to  foreigners  for  our 
progress ;  the  English  mind  ought  to  have 
design,  imagery,  and  conception,  and  was 
eminently  fitted  to  do  gpreat  things. 


EXETER  DIOCESAN  ARCHITECTURAL  SOCIETY. 


Sept.  27.  The  quarterly  meeting  was 
held  at  the  College  HaU.  The  Right  Hon. 
Sir  J.  T.  Coleridge  presided;  and  the 
attendance  was  unusually  good. 

The  report,  which  was  read  by  Lieut.- 
('ol.  Harding,  detailed  the  prc^ess  mak- 
ing in  various  parts  of  the  diocese  in  the 
restoration  and  enlargement  of  churches, 
and  the  erection  of  new  edifices,  and  par- 
ticularized the  chapel  of  All  Saints,  which 
is  situated  in  the  extensive  hamlet  of 
Spark  well,  in  the  parish  of  Plympton  St. 
Mary.  It  consists  of  chancel,  nave,  and 
south  transept,  and  is  in  length  seventy 


feet,  with  a  breadth  of  thirty-seven.  The 
style  is  geometrical,  or  early  Decorated. 
The  interior  fittings  are  of  fir,  with  open 
and  iDOveable  benches,  calculated  to  ac- 
commodate 240  persons,  of  which  only 
twenty-five  are  appropriated.  The  floor- 
ing of  the  chancel,  passage  of  the  nave, 
transept,  and  south  porch,  are  laid  with 
Staffordshire  tiles.  In  the  transept  are 
two  memorial  windows ;  one  represt^nting 
St.  John,  with  an  inscription  commemo- 
rative of  Wm.  Braddon,  Esq.,  of  Blade- 
land,  whose  death,  in  1858,  was  occasioned 
by  a  savage  attack  made  on  liim  by  a 


Antiguarian  and  Literary  InteUigeneer, 


[Dec. 


fonnpr  wrrant.  llio  other  repre»eiit« 
the  Ulmuil  Virgin,  htiU  furma  a  nicmoriiil 
to  a  tnnnlo  of  the  Trcby  f;imily  of  GooHa- 
muor,  wlio  ilied  on  tho  fcstiTuI  of  AU 
Suiiita  in  1858. 

In  ninrij'  parM  of  the  diocese  there  are 
tlcsecrnted  chnpeli  rcninining,  niul  man; 
of  ttiiiin  IKMS-  SHiiigmuch  ititureat,  oF  wliii'h 
llic  ruji  Tt  LntriHlnred  two.  Tlie  first  i> 
a  CdHi.uh  lilllu  cliHiiel  at  llBum,  in  tlio 
parish  of  St.  Mary  Clinrcli,  near  Torquay. 
Thill  buililing  utAiitl*  in  an  iaulBttHl  posi- 
tinn,  ia  twenty-five  or  thirty  fwt  liigh, 
ami  about  twenty  uiuare.  Its  poai'ioa 
is  north  iinil  south,  and  over  tho  KOuth 
gBhlB  ia  an  arch,  tlie  former  rcccpacle 
of  a  bell.  In  the  north  end  are  sii  win- 
down,  tlie  upper  one  firming  a  single 
light  with  trefoil  head  and  hood-raipuld- 
inp",  liBvinif  on  cacli  side  a  giuall  cirouhit- 
hciideil  wliidovr  or  apvrtnre.  ])olo>v  this 
ii  a  twii-lijfht  wini'ow  rimilar  in  chamcior 
to  the  one  above,— and  on  the  wirt  aide 
Oi  it  aiiutlier  of  tho  cireulnr-hundtxl  aper- 


laret  above  mentioned.  Knular  openings 
■pp  ar  in  the  Other  lidei  of  the  building, 
mailing  altogethn  aeren.  lliere  i>  no 
appearance  of  thew  windows  ever  having 
beenglazedi  indeed,  thereia  scarcely  roam 
to  admit  oF  it.  They  ^ve  li^ht  to  the  in- 
terior of  the  buililing  in  in  oblique  dim- 
tion,  and  are  deeply  splayed.  The  loniT 
openings,  and  one  other  siu^le'li^Lt  win- 
dow with  trefoil-hcad,  givea  light  to  a  small 
chamber  under  the  d'OpvL  The  paciiu 
occnpi's  the  north-eut  comer  of  tbr 
huilding.  The  roof  has  no  eodeaiasticiil 
features.  The  building  appeBrs  to  be 
almut  the  age  of  Edward  IT.,  or  probably 
OB  late  as  Henry  the  Vllth'a  reigiL  At 
tlio  whole  of  llsam  manor  wu  formeitr 
attached  to  Torr  Abbey,  it  hsi  been  iisi- 
joctured  that  thii  building  wa*  a  place  af 
retirtiui'Ut  for  rofiwrtory  priests,  bnt  avn 
probably  fur  a  rtcltuorium.  Of  the  ob- 
ject or  iiso  of  tho  iinall  windows  sboie 
mentioned,  no  conjvclura   aven  could  be 


The  other  chapel  is  that  of  St.  Michael,  llie    building   is  291  ft.   in    length  If 

in  tho  parish  of  Torr.    It  nliindu  on  a  high  14  ft.    Sin.    Iti    poaiUoD    is    twt    uni 

rock,  wliich  is  visible  from  Torlmy,  and  went,  and  there  are  Tostigea  of  a  porch  ■> 

Ixtira  tlif  appi'llatiou  of  the  Cliaiiel-rock.  the  south  ude.     Tba  roof  Ibms  %  Oatfcir 


I860.] 


Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society, 


629 


arch  of  solid  stone  laid  edgewise,  the  outer 
covering  of  which  is  composed  of  thick 
horizontal  slabs  of  slate,  forming  altogether 
a  compact  mass  of  masonry  of  great  secu- 


ir 


I- 


^j^r 


Oround-p:an  of  St  Michael's  Chapel,  at  Torr. 

rity  and  strength.  In  the  south  wall  is 
a  niche,  which  doubtless  in  former  days 
held  a  piscina.  Tlie  present  floor  is  com- 
posed of  the  natural  rock,  but  little  vary- 
ing from  its  original  uneven  state,  making 
the  chapel  higher  in  some  places  than  in 
others.  The  interior  presents  four  different 
styles  of  arch — the  equilateral,  segmental, 
obtuse,  and  elliptical.  The  first  forms 
a  small  single-light  window,  at  the  west 
end,  of  Early  English  character,  and  pro- 
bably, except  the  walls  and  the  roof,  the 
only  part  of  the  original  building; — the 
others  are  doubtless  the  result  of  more 
ri'cent  repairs.  The  origin  of  this  chapel, 
like  that  at  Ilsam,  is  involved  in  doubt. 
It  is  called,  and  most  probably  correctly 
so,  a  votive  chapel.  Its  position  is  very 
similar  to  the  neighbouring  church  of 
IJrcnt  Tor,  also  dedicated  to  St.  Michael, 
who  is  the  tutelary  saint  of  many  votive 
chapels.  Others  have  considered  this 
('hai)el,  as  it  was  attached  to  Torr  Abbey, 
to  l>e  a  religious  edifice  where  pilgrims  were 
wont  to  repair ;  and  by  voluntary  exile, 
and  the  performance  of  expiatory  penance, 
make  atonement  for  past  pleasures  or  sin- 
ful lives. 

After  the  reading  of  the  report,  some 
new  members  were  elected,  after  which 
the  Rev.  W.  J.  Coppard  read  an  interest- 
ing paper  on  a  tomb,  formerly  in  Bick- 
k'igh  Church,  South  Devon,  erected  in 
memory  of  one  of  the  Slanning  family. 

'Ilie  original  residence  of  this  ancient 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


name,  in  the  county  of  Devon,  was  at 
Ley,  in  the  parish  of  Plympton  St.  Mary. 

Nicholas  Slanning,  Esq.,  son  of  Nicholas, 
of  Ley,  at  the  dissolution  of  monasteries 
purchased  a  considerable  property  which 
belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Bnckland  Mo- 
nachorum,  afterwards  the  residence  of  Sir 
Francis  Drake.  Nicholas  Slanning  mar- 
ried Margery,  daughter  of  Thomas  Cham- 
pemoun,  Esq^.,  of  Modbury,  by  whom  he 
had  Gamaliel,  of  Heale,  whose  wife  was 
Margaret  Musters,  a  first  cousin,  and  had 
issue,  Nicholas,  and  Elizabeth,  married  to 
John,  second  son  of  Sir  John  Seymour, 
Knt.,  of  Berry  Pomeroy. 

Sir  Nicholas  was  knighted  by  King 
Charles  I.,  in  1631.  He  married  a  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  James  Bagg,  Knt.,  of  Little 
Saltram,  near  Plympton.  This  Sir  Ni- 
cholas is  well  known  for  his  bravery  in 
supporting  the  cause  of  Charles  I.  He 
was  Governor  of  Pendennis  Castle,  in 
Cornwall,  and  ended  a  gallant  career  at 
the  siege  of  Bristol.  He  was  one  of  those 
noble  gentlemen,  all  Devon  and  Cornish 
men,  called  the  four  wheels  of  Charles's 
wain. 

"  They  were  all  slain  at  or  near  the  same 
place,*'  says  Prince  %  '*  at  the  same  time, 
and  in  the  same  cause:  according  to  an 
ode  made  on  that  occasioa  as  follows : — 

*  Th'  four  wheels  of  Charles**  wain, 
Grenvile,Oodolphin,TrevanioD,  Slanning,  slain.' " 

What  became  of  Nicholas's  remains  is 
not  known,  but  it  is  supposed  they  found 
some  decent  repository  in  or  about  the 
city  of  BristoL  He  left  issue  Sir  Nicho- 
las Slanning,  who  was  created  a  baronet 
in  1662,  and  was  probably  the  first  who 
resided  at  Maristow.  He  had  issue  Sir 
Andrew  Slanning,  Bart.,  of  Mlaristow,  on 
whose  death  the  title  became  extinct. 

Nicholas  and  his  wife  were  represented 
on  the  monument  by  their  figures  in 
effigy,  and  the  armorial  bearings  of  Slan- 

■  Prince  is  wrong  in  this  statement.  They  did 
not  all  fall  at  the  same  time,  or  in  the  same  place. 
All  four,  however,  were  killed  in  the  year  1643. 
Slanning  and  Treranion  were  slain  at  the  siege 
of  Bristol ;  Sur  Bevll  GrenvUe  fell  at  the  battle 
of  Lansdowne  near  Bath,  where  an  obelisk  haa 
been  erected  to  his  memory ;  and  Sir  Sidney  Go- 
dolphin  was  shot  in  the  porch  of  the  Globe  Inn 
at  Chagford. 

4f 


630 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec. 


ning  and  Champcmoun  were  placed  at  the 
top  of  the  tomh. 

'*  Heretofore,"  says  Prince,  "  were  seve- 
ral verses  inscribed  thereon,  both  Latin 
and  English;  now,  by  the  negligence  or 
incuriousness  of  some,  who  should  no  more 
sniffer  their  ancestors'  monuments  to  decay 
than  tlicir  own  houses,  for  the  most  part 
obliterated,  only  under  the  arch  is  fixed  in 
the  wall  a  fair  marble  table  with  these 
English  verses: — 

*  As  time  'with  swiftest  wing  doth  haste  and  moke 

no  stay, 
So  th'  lite  of  man  is  short,  and  hastcth  soon  away.' 

"  Tliis  gentleman  came  to  an  untimely 
end,  being  slain  in  a  quarrel  that  happened 
between  him  and  Sir  John  Fitz,  near 
Tavistock  in  this  county.  'I'he  matter,  it 
seoms,  was  likely  to  have  been  composed, 
but  the  villain  Fitz's  man  twitting  his 
master  with  a  *  What !  play  child's  play  ! 
come  to  fight,  and  now  put  up  your  sword  ?* 
made  him  draw  again,  and  Slanning's  foot 
in  stepping  back  (having  his  spurs  on) 
hitching  in  the  ground,  was  there  unfor- 
tunately and  foully  killed  :  whereupon  Sir 
John  Fitz,  by  the  interest  of  his  friends, 
sued  out  his  pardon  soon  after  this  hap- 
pened, which  was  in  1599.  But  although 
Queen  Elizabeth  was  jileased  to  forgive 
him,  Slanning's  widow  was  not,  but 
brought  an  appeal,  and  obtained  a  verdict 
against  Sir  John  for  damages. 

"  Aft«T  this,  as  if  one  sin  bccamr»,  as  it 
often  does,  the  punishuient  of  another. 
Sir  John  was  so  unhappy  to  be  guilty  of  a 
second  murder ;  and  thereupon  fiying  from 
his  country,  though  not  trom  his  own  guilty 
conscience,  so  far  as  Salisbury,  in  liis  way 
to  London,  to  sue  out  a  second  pardon, 
hearing  someboily  al)out  his  chamber-door 
early  in  the  morning,  and  fearing  it  had 
been  officers  come  to  apprehend  him,  by 
mistake,  in  the  dark,  he  slew  one  of  the 
house  who  came  to  wake  him  as  he  desired, 
in  order  to  his  journey.  When  the  lights 
came,  that  made  him  sensible  of  the  horrid 
and  atroi'ious  fa(;t  which  he  had  afresh 
committed,  overwhelmed  with  sorrow  and 
despair  he  fell  upon  his  sword  and  slew 
himself.  Unto  which  a  tetrastich,  for- 
merly found  upon  this  monument,  now 
nearly  expunged  by  the  finger  of  time, 
doth  plainly  relate,  in  which  Mr.  Slan- 
niiig,  by  an  apostrophe,  speaketh  thus  of 
Fitz:— 

*  Idem  Cirdi^  prat  nostrnp,  fllmul  Author  ct  Ulter : 

Trux  Hoiiiicidn}  mei,  niox  Iloinicidu  sui. 
Quemque  in  me  priiuum,  niox  in  sc  condidit 
euHem  : 
()  nostrum  summi  Judicis  nrbitrium.*" 

These  lines  were  originally  at  the  back 


of  the  tomb  over  three  juTenile  fignrei 
in  a  kneeling  posture,  two  male  and  one 
female. 

A  brass  plate  with  some  lines  in  Old 
English  characters  was  discovered  iu  the 
Slanning  vault  during  the  restoration  of 
the  clmrch  in  1828 :  they  have  now  been 
introduced  at  the  bottom  of  the  muni 
monument  newly  arranged  when  the  tomb 
was  removed : — 

**  Man's  Ijfe  on  erth  is  as  Job  sayth  a  warfare  sad 

a  toyle, 
Where  nought  is  wonne  when  all  Ib  dcmne  but  an 

uncertain  spoylc. 
or  things  most  vayne,  and  for  long  pajme,  nothisf 

to  man  is  leftc 
Bare  vertue  sure,  which  doth  endure,  and  eaanot 

be  bercftc. 
A  prouffe  of  this  apparant  Ib  by  Xicholas  SIu- 

nyng  here. 
Who  as  we  sawe,  apt  for  Ck)d'a  lawe.  rygfat  fa- 
mouse  did  appeere. 
In  Just  and  right  was  his  dclyght  to  ezerase  tbe 

laws, 
To  wrong  no  wight,  but  as  he  myght,  to  helpe  thr 

frindle«8e  caosc. 
The  fere  of  God  and  of  his  rod  was  styll  before  hif 

eies, 
Constant  in  favth,  and  no  wise  the  truth  ihooU 

he  disgics.'* 

"Nicholas  Slannyng  esqnicr  lyvd  59 
yeres,  and  endid  the  viii*^  day  of  Aprill 
in  th'  yere  of  our  Lordo  Gk>d  ISSS.** 

The  above  is  doubtless  a  memorial  hi 
memory  of  Nicholas  Slanning,  Esq.,  who 
married  a  dtiughter  of  Crewys,  of  Crevys 
Morchard,  the  father  of  Nicholas  before 
mentioned. 

This  monument  is  in  the  bcrt  style  of 

the  Elizabethan  age,  and  its  removal  is  to 

be  rcgretteiL    At  the  south  end  of  tbe 

pediment  was  a  skeleton  with  a  dagger  in 

the  act  of  striking  his  victim,  while  s 

figure  in  the  dress  of  that  age  itands  by 

his  side  to  receive  the  blow.     BonDd  tbe 

waist  of  the  skeleton  was  a  hand  having 

the  following  lines  inscribed  thereon  :— 

**  As  stoat  as  thou  art, 
I  will  strike  thy  heart" 

Over  the  heads  of  these  figures  were  the 
words  "  Fear  God." 

For  the  preservation  of  these  few  psr* 
ticulars  we  are  indebted  to  the  Rev.  author 
of  this  paper,  who,  hearing  that  the  tomb 
in  question  was  ahont  to  he  destroyed, 
went  over  to  Bickleigh,  and  made  a  well- 
execnted  and  faithful  drawing  of  every 
part  of  the  tomb,  together  with  the  anno- 
rial  bearings,  which  he  exhibited  at  the 
moetang. 


I860.] 


631 


LEICESTEllSHIEE  ARCHITECTUEAL  AND  AllCH^OLOGICAL 

SOCIETY. 


Oct.  29.  At  the  meeting  at  the  Town- 
hall,  Leicester,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Hill  in 
the  chair.  Sir  William  de  Capel  Brooke, 
Bart.,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety. 

The  Chairman  exhibited  an  old  book  of 
Italian  coats  of  arms,  purchased  by  him 
at  the  sale  at  Nevill  Holt  in  1848.  Henry 
Nevill  of  Nevill  Holt,  who  died  in  1723, 
lefttlirce  surviving  daughters  co-heiresses; 
Mary,  the  eldest,  became  the  wife  of  Cos- 
mas  Migliorucci,  a  native  of  Italy  and 
a  Polish  Count,  from  whom  the  present 
family  is  descended. 

Mr.  Nevinson  exhibited  some  counters 
and  triidesmen's  tokens ;  one  in  the  shape 
of  a  heart,  having  on  the  obverse,  1668, 
Peter  Barriffe  op  Vppingham  in 
llvTLAND  HIS  Halfpent,  and  on  the  re- 
verse three  pope's  crowns :  another,  ohv, 
AN  OvNDLE  Halppknt,  1669,  rev,  fob 
THE  V8E  OF  THE  PooK,  and  in  the  field  of 
both  sides  a  talbot. 

Mr.  North  remarked  that  the  token  ex- 
hibited at  a  former  meeting,  respecting 
the  inscription  on  which  there  was  some 
doubt,  was  one  issued  at  Ashby-de-la- 
Zonch  by  Samuel  Sowden.  Had  the  in- 
scriptions been  perfect  they  would  have 
read  thus;  ohv.  Samvell  Sowden  in 
(St.  George  and  the  dragon),  rev,  Ashby 

DE     LA    ZOVCH,    1667,    HIS    HALPEPENNY. 

This  token  is  included  in  the  list  already 
published  by  the  Society.  Mr.  North  ex- 
hibited a  token  issued  at  Easton  Magna, 
Ijcicestershire,  which  has  not  been  men- 
tioned in  any  published  list;  the  inscrip- 
tions are  as  follows :  ohv,  Edwaed  Moabs 
(three  cloves),  rev.  in  great  Eason,  (E.M. 
in  monogram).  Also  a  bronze  coin  of  Ves- 
pasian, second  brass,  struck  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  subjection  of  Judtca  in  the 
fnst  century.  It  was  found  several  years 
ago  in  the  Friars,  Leicester.  The  obverse 
has  a  laurcated  head  of  the  Emperor 
turned  to  the  left,  with  this  inscription, 
iMi(erator)  CAEs(ar)  VESrAsrAN(us)  Av- 
o(tistus)  Co(n)S(ul);  on  the  reverse  is 
a  palui-tree  with  captives  at  its  base,  and 


the  inscription  Ivdea  Capta;  below  the 
palm,  S(enatas)  C(onsulto),  *by  decree  of 
the  Senate.' 

Mr.  Gresley  exhibited  a  Staffordshire 
Clog  Almanack,  and  read  the  following 
remarks ; — 


((I 


This  specimen  of  an  article  of  house- 
hold furniture,  used  by  our  predecessors, 
I  have  the  pleasure  of  exhibiting  through 
the  kindness  of  its  owmr,  Mr.  G.  T.  Lo- 
max,  of  Lichfield.  It  is  the  Clog  Almanack 
mentioned  in  Shaw's  '  History  of  Stafford- 
shire,' vol.  i.  p.  332,  as  then  (1798)  in  the 
museum  of  Mr.  Green  of  Lichfield,  at 
the  dispersion  of  whose  collection  it  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Wright  of  that  city, 
from  whom  Mr.  Lomax  obtained  it.  The 
present  is  an  unpublished  specimen ;  an- 
other may  be  seen  engraved  in  Plot's 
<  Staffordshire,'  tab.  xxv.,  which  has  been . 
copied  in  Fosbrooke's  '  Encyclopaedia, ' 
Hone's  'Every  day  Book,'  Brady's  'Ana- 
lysis,' and  '  Old  England ;'  another  is  en- 
graved in  Gough's  edition  of  Camden's 
Britannia,  and  woodcuts  of  two  more 
now  at  Oxford  are  in  'The  Calendar  of 
the  Anglican  Church  Illustrated.'  Plot 
thought  them  to  be  of  Danish  origin,  but 
the  specimens  remaining  are  probably  not 
older  than  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  They 
were,  when  Plot  published  his  '  Stafford- 
shire,' (1686,)  still  in  use  in  that  county 
'  among  the  menner  sort  of  people.'  He 
says  they  had  then  been  scarce  heard  of 
in  the  south  of  England,  and  understood 
but  by  few  of  the  gentry  in  the  north. 
Stafibrdshire  seems  to  have  been  their 
chief  locality.  I  have,  however,  reason  to 
think  that  one  remained  hanging  at  the 
mantel-piece  of  a  farm-house  at  Barrow- 
upon  •  Soar,  Leicestershire,  about  sixty 
years  ago,  as  I  am  informed  by  an  aged 
person  now  residing  in  Over  Seile,  who 
when  young  was  at  service  there  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Bostock.  And  I  myself  can 
testify  to  a  still  more  recent  use  of  such 
calendars  in  this  county ;  for  when  I  was 
a  boy  at  Appleby  school,  thirty  years  ago, 
one  of  the  first  things  we  did  upon  going 
back  after  the  hohdays,  was  to  cut  upon 
a  strip  of  wood  a  notch  for  every  day, 
week,  and  month  of  the  half-year,  with 
some  extra  peculiarity  of  mark  for  the 
holidays,  all  of  which  were  carefully  cut 
off  as  the  half-year  gradually  passed  away. 
And  what  was  this  but  a  veritable  Clog 
Almanack  ?" 


632 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer. 


[Dec 


After  quoting  the  well-known  passage 
from  Dr.  Plot's  "History  of  Staffordshire," 
pp.  418—430,  he  coutinue<l : — 

"  The  specimen  now  exhibited  is  of  oak ; 
the  entire  length  of  the  wood  is  2  ft.  1  in., 
three  inches  of  which  serve  for  a  handle, 
the  edges  being  there  bevelled  so  as  to 
make  it  octangular  j  a  ring  for  suspension 
passes  through  it  near  the  top.  The  lunar 
murks  correspond  with  those  in  Plot's 
engraving,  but  it  is  to  be  remarked  th»t 
the  notch  for  April  Ist  is  at  the  fi^ot  of 
the  edge  for  the  first  three  months  in  the 
year,  instead  of  l)eiiig  at  the  top  of  the 
eilge  for  the  second  three,  at  the  bottom 
of  which  second  edge  in  like  manner  is 
placed  July  1st,  thus  arranging  ninety- 
one  days  u[)on  the  first  throe  edges,  and 
ninety -two  upon  the  fourth.  Instead  of 
a  'patulous  stroke'  turned  up  for  the  first 
day  of  each  month,  it  has  a  cross  patoe 
oviT  against  the  first  notch.  The  maker 
of  it  has  been  sparing  of  emblems.  There 
are  many  straight  lines  cut  from  the 
notches  on  particular  days  instead  of  em- 
blems; e.g.  St.  Agnes,  Jan.  21 ;  St.  Patrick, 
March  16;  SS.  Philip  and  James,  May  1; 
St.  Barnabas,  June  11 ;  SS.  Swithin,  Mar- 
garet, Mary  Mngdalene,  Anne,  July  15, 
20,  22,  26;  decollation  «f  St.  John  Bap- 
tist, August  21) ;  translation  of  King  Ed- 
ward tbe  Conft-SPOT,  October  13 ;  O  Sapi' 
entiOf  December  16 ;  and  the  festivals  of 
the  B.V.M.,  which  are  without  tlio  heart 


mentioned  by  Plot.  Other  ▼ariations  may 
be  noticed :  instead  of  an  axe  for  St.  Pkul, 
January  25,  we  have  here  a  aword,  and 
rice  ver»A  for  St.  John,  June  24 ;  instead 
of  the  leg  for  St.  Mathias,  Feb.  21,  a  thing 
like  a  knife  with  spikes  fh>m  it ;  a  single 
key  for  St  Peter,  June  29 ;  Holy  Cron 
day  and  St.  Matthew,  September  14  and 
21,  St.  Luke,  October  18,  St.  Martin,  No- 
veml  er  11,  St.  Nicholas,  December  6,  and 
Christmas-day,  also  differ.  The  points  in 
the  marks  of  the  greater  festivals  ai«  also 
omitted  in  this  almanack. 

"  I  am  not  aware  of  any  of  theae  clog 
almanacks  having  been  sold  by  anction, 
but  as  mnch  as  fifteen  guineas  has  been 
offered  for  the  present  specimen.' 


»» 


Mr.  Gresley  also  exhibited  the  Ryde- 
ware  Cartulary,  a  MS.  c-)m]>ilcd  2  Edw.  II., 
by  Thomas  de  Rydeware  (llamstnl),  kml 
of  the  manor  of  Seile,  Leicestershire.  It 
contains  transcripts  of  charters  relating  to 
that  and  his  other  lordships,  and  lias  seve- 
ral curious  drawings  illustrative  of  the 
dress,  regal,  military,  and  ecclesiastical,  of 
the  period.  It  has  probably  been  in  the 
possession  of  tbe  lords  of  this  manor  ever 
since  it  was  first  compiled.  Nichols  fre- 
quently quotes  it,  and  has  given  an  ab- 
stract of  its  contents  in  his  *'  West  Gosoote 
Hundred,"  pp.  999—1007. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUARIES,  KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYXE. 

Noc.  7.  The  monthly  meeting  was  held  Dr.  Bruce  read  the  following  notice  of 

in   the   Castle,  John   Hodgson   IIinde,  the  Lanx  by  Mr.  Way ; — 

Knq.,  in  the  chair.  „  y^^  ^.,1  ^^^y.^^^  ^ring  before  the 

Sir  Walter  Buchanan  Riddell,  Hart ,  of  Society,  at  their  meeting  in  the  Castle  on 

Hepple,  !Northumbcrlan(l,  and  WoolKcy-  Wednesday,  the  very  valuable  prescut  to 


house.Staffordshire,  and  Sir  Walter  Charles 
James,  Bart.,  Betteshanger,  Kent,  were 
elected  meml>ers,  and  Signoro  Giovanni 
Montoroli,  of  Rome,  an  honorary  member. 
Numerous  donations  of  books  were  an- 
nounced, after  which  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, through  Mr.  Clayton  and  Dr. 
Bruce,  iiresented  one  of  three  silvered 
eU'ctn>typc'  copies  of  the  Corbridgc  Lanx, 
with  a  8e))arate  cast  of  some  markings 
on  the  reverse,  supposed  to  indicate  the 
weight.  There  is  no  accurate  engraving 
(if  the  work,  and  the  Society  previously 
had  only  a  iKH)r  cast  in  plaster,  which 
failed  to  give  any  idea  of  the  minute 
details. 


their  museum  which  has  been  so  liberally 
destined  by  their  noble  patron,  the  Doke 
of  Northumberland,  as  an  addition  to  tbe 
c  llertions  there  preserved  illustrative  of 
the  hintory  of  Roman  occupationa  in  North- 
umberland. I  allude  to  the  facnmile  of 
the  remarkable  piece  of  silver  plate  known 
as  the  Corbridge  Lanx,  which  throogb  bis 
Grace's  generous  permission  baa  been  lire- 
pared  by  one  of  the  most  skilAil  opi-rat<in 
in  the  electro* ypic  art;  and  the  perfi.i't 
facsimile  which  he  has  prodorad,  having 
been  silvered  by  the  process  io  advan- 
tageously employed  for  such  parposeSk  i** 
produces  in  the  minutest  manner  tbe 
curious  details  of  this  unique  ami  higlily- 
cnriouM  objects 

*'  A  few  notices  in  regard  to  tbe  Iduix, 
its  duMXivery,  and  the  variuus  c<A\iccinRS 


I860.]         Society  of  Antiquaries,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 


633 


which  have  been  suggested  in  the  attempt 
to  explain  the  mythological  scene  which  it 
represents,  may,  I  hope,  be  interestiutf  to 
the  Society  on  the  occasion.  I  must,  how- 
ever, observe  that  I  have  no  new  or  satis- 
factory interpretation  to  offer,  although  I 
have  bestowed  some  pains  upon  the  en- 
deavour to  gain  some  light  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  mythology  which  is  represented 
upon  the  lanx,  and  have  consulted  with 
several  distinguished  archaeologists,  both 
at  home  and  on  the  Continent,  in  the  pro- 
secution of  the  inquiry. 

"  The  lanx  was  found,  as  you  are  well 
aware,  in  1734,  on  the  bank  of  the  Tyne, 
near  Corbridge.  The  precise  circumstances 
of  the  discovery  are  thus  stated  in  a  record 
preserved  at  Alnwick  Castle,  from  which  by 
Ifts  Grace's  kind  permission  I  am  enabled 
to  give  you  the  following  extract :  '  In  the 
month  of  February,  1734,  a  young  girl 
named  Cutter,  daughter  of  one  Cutter 
a  blacksmith,  in  Corbridge,  in  the  county 
of  Northumberland,  was  going  along  the 
river  Tyne  to  gather  sticks,  and  fetch 
water  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  about 
200  yards  below  the  bridge,  where  some 
small  whins  or  furzes  grew,  (which  spot 
lies  witiiin  the  Duke  of  Northumberland's 
manor  of  Corbridge,)  she  discovered  a  cor- 
ner of  a  piece  of  plate  appearing  white 
above  the  earth,  which  she  pulled  up  and 
carried  to  her  father,  who  a  few  days 
afterwards  cut  off  a  ring  from  the  back  of 
the  plate,  and  carried  it  to  a  goldsmith 
(Mr.  Cook  son)  in  Newcastle,  and  he  pur- 
chased this  ring  from  Cutter  for  £1  16s., 
and  on  the  Ist  of  March  following  Cutter 
sold  the  remaining  part  of  this  ancient 
piece  of  plate  for  £31  lOs.'  The  plate 
and  ring  weighed  148  oz.,  so  that  the  pur- 
chase was  made  at  the  rate  of  4fl.  6d.  per 
ounce. 

**  It  were  needless  here  to  detail  the  par- 
ticulars, so  well  known,  regarding  the 
claim  forthwith  made  by  the  lord  of  the 
manor  at  that  period,  Charles,  Duke  of 
Somerset,  and  the  ultimate  recovery  of 
this  uni([ue  relic  of  treasure  trove,  which 
was  delivered  up  to  his  Grace  in  1735. 
These  facts  have  been  stated  more  or  less 
in  detail  bv  the  writers  who  have  treated 
of  Uoinan  times  in  Northumberland,  and 
ospt'cially  by  the  talented  historian  of  that 
county,  Hodgson;  more  recently  also  by 
our  valued  friend  Mr.  Fenwick,  in  his 
very  interesting  treatise  entitled  'Trea- 
sure Trove  in  Northumberland.* 

"  In  regard  to  the  si>ecial  use  for  which 
this  sumptuous  relic  was  intended,  I  regret 
thai  no  satisfactory  or  conclusive  sugges- 
tion can  be  offered.  The  wealthy  Romans 
had,  as  we  believe,  services  of  plate  wrought 


with  mythological  and  other  subjects,  and 
destined  for  use  at  their  luxurious  enter- 
tainments. There  appear  to  have  existed 
also  vessels  of  silver  used  in  their  ceremo- 
nial solemnities,  and  it  seems  highly  pro- 
bable that  this  splendid  salver  may  have 
been  destined  for  some  sacrificial  use,  and 
for  the  purposes  of  pagan  worship. 

"It  will  not  be  forgotten  that  certain 
remarkable  altars  have  been  found  at  Cor- 
bridge, especially  one  now  in  the  British 
Museum  bearing  a  dedication  in  Greek  to 
Hercules.  Some  antiquaries  have  been 
disposed  to  conclude  that  the  plate  may 
properly  be  designated  a  lanx,  in  which, 
as  we  read  in  Virgil,  the  reeking  entrails 
of  the  victims  were  offered  to  the  gods ; 
whilst  according  to  other  authorities,  it 
may  have  been  one  of  the  dishes  used  in 
solemn  feasts  in  social  life  among  the 
Romans;  these  dishes  of  silver  were  of 
enormous  size,  since  we  learn  from  Horace 
that  one  of  them  was  of  sufficient  capacity 
to  hold  a  wild  boar,  and  Pliny  mentions 
such  dishes  weighing  from  100  to  500 
pounds.  It  may  deserve  mention  that  on 
previous  occasions  two  pieces  of  Roman 
plate  of  smaller  dimension  had  been  foand 
near  that  spot,  one  being  a  small  bason 
ornamented  with  foliage,  and  the  Christian 
monogram,  composed  of  the  initials  Chi 
and  Mho ;  the  other  was  a  little  two- 
handled  cup,  which  was  sold  for  a  guinea 
to  a  brother  of  Mr.  Howard,  at  that  time 
living  at  Corby  Castle.  The  weight  of  the 
former,  of  which  a  rude  sketch  only  has 
been  preserved,  was  twenty  ounces. 

"  But  to  proceed  to  the  subject  repre^ 
sented  in  low  relief  apon  the  lanx,  the 
works  being  in  part  hammered  up  and 
finished  with  the  tool,  the  intervening 
spaces  occasionally  engraved  with  small 
strokes  of  the  burin,  or  stippled  ornaments, 
{opus  punciatum).  The  scene  is  composed 
of  figures.  1.  Diana,  with  an  altar  before 
her ;  under  her  feet  is  an  urn  from  which 
water  flows,  as  if  typifying  the  source  of  a 
river,  and  under  the  altar  is  a  hound,  look- 
ing upwards  at  the  goddess.  2.  Minerva, 
wearing  a  helmet,  the  Gorgon's  head  upon 
her  breast )  she  stands  under  a  spreading 
tree,  in  the  branches  of  which  is  an  eagle, 
with  other  birds.  3.  Juno,  und(r  whoso 
feet  is  a  dead  stag,  but  this  may  possibly 
be  referable  to  Diana,  goddess  of  the  chase. 
4.  a  seated  goddess,  her  head  is  veiled; 
this  has  been  conjectured  to  be  Vesta,  on 
account  of  the  altar  flaming,  seen  under 
the  figure,  which  may,  however,  pourtray 
Latona.  5.  Apoll«»  standing  under  a  ca- 
nopy, or  open  ttinple,  with  Corinthian  co- 
lumns; under  his  feet  is  his  usual  attri- 
bute, the  Gryphon.     I^>tween  Apollo  and 


634 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Intelligencer, 


[Dec. 


the  seated  goddess  there  is  a  peculiar 
pc'dest  il,  or  altar,  formed  of  eight  steps, 
pyramidally  arranged,  and  behind  this  is 
a  spiral  colmnn  surrounded  by  a  globe,  re- 
minding the  numismutist  of  the  pillar  seen 
on  coins  with  the  reverse  of  SecurUas,  as 
Mr.  Akerman  has  pointed  out,  observing 
also  that  this  symbol  may  possibly  suggest 
the  interpretation  of  the  subject  which 
may  be  referable  to  the  security  of  the 
province  of  Britain,  in  some  period  of 
peace,  an  explanation  to  which  he  thinks 
some  colour  of  probability  is  given  by  the 
« ircnmstance  that  the  figure  of  Security  is 
seated,  whilst  the  deities  around  her  are 
standing. 

"  It  would  doubtless  greatly  enhance 
the  interest  of  this  remarkable  relic  of 
Koiiian  times  in  Britain,  if  we  could  satis- 
factorily establish  its  connection  with  any 
events  in  our  own  country ;  this  b,  how- 
ever, scarcely  to  be  exi)ected.  According 
to  another  suggestion,  the  subject  repre- 
sented maiy  refer  to  a  very  different  mat- 
ter, and  present  a  symbol!  ad  allusion  to 
the  period  of  the  year  when  the  sun  passes 
the  autumnal  equinox.  A  learned  arcliie- 
ologist  in  France,  whom  I  have  lately  had 
occasion  to  consult  on  this  subject,  is  dis- 
posed to  c^uHider  the  scene  as  allusive  to 
Latona,  with  her  two  children,  after  the 
evil  influences  of  the  serpent  Typhon  were 
defeated,  and  that  she  here  appears  accom- 
panied by  Minerva  and  Juno,  assisting  at 
the  triumph  over  the  perils  by  which  slie 
had  been  threatened.  Another,  and  I 
think    not   improbable    explanation,   has 


suggested  in  this  remarkable  mytbological 
group  the  apotheosis  of  a  Roman  empress 
typified  under  the  figure  of  one  of  the 
chief  heathen  goddesses. 

**  I  regret  that  this  brief  aooonnt  of  so 
remarkable  a  relic  of  antiquity  is  so  inade- 
quate to  the  interest  of  the  subject.  Ibe 
Society  will  not  fail  to  appreciate  the 
generous  consideration  of  their  noble  pa- 
tron in  depositing  in  th^  collection 
a  faithful  representation  of  so  vuhwble 
a  monument  of  Roman  times  in  North- 
umberland." 

Dr.  Bruce,  by  permission  of  Mr.  Young, 
silversmith,  then  exhibited  eight  silver 
pennies,  part  of  a  large  find  lately  occur- 
ring in  a  stone  on  property  at  the  liutcber* 
bank,  Newcastle,  llioy  are  of  Kdward  I. 
and  Edward  II.  Among  those  of  the  for- 
mer is  one  struck  at  Waitsfurd ;  the  rest 
of  the  eight  are  struck  at  London,  Canter* 
bury,  and  Bristol. 

Dr.  Bruce  also  stated  that,  bearing  that 
at  the  Htti  Palace,  Florence,  tliere  was  a 
standard  of  the  famous  20th  legion  of  Uo- 
man  soldiers^  so  much  connected  with 
Britain,  he  had  taken  means  to  procure  s 
drawing,  and  was  horrified  by  a  qoestioa 
received  from  Florence  whether  the  legion 
in  question  was  one  of  Napoleon  I.'s !  The 
palace  being  a  large  one,  and  the  objects 
of  interest  numerous,  a  more  esact  refe* 
rcnce  to  the  staiidiird  was  required* 


SUFFOLK  INSTITUTE  OF  ARCHEOLOGY  AND  NATURAL 

HISTORY. 


Oct,  24.  The  autumnal  meeting  was  at 
Woodbridge,  under  the  presidency  of  the 
Kev.  Loud  Aktuub  IIeuvey,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Society. 

The  proceedings  of  the  day  commenced 
at  the  Lecture-hall,  where  a  lurge  collec- 
tion of  antiquities  was  brought  together ; 
the  principal  exhibitors  being  W.  Colches- 
ter, Esq.,  F.O.S.,  W.  Whincopp,  Erc[., 
W.  Spalding,  Esq.,  Mr.  Loder,  Mr.  Baker, 
and  many  others.  It  comprised  a  most 
interesting  assortment  of  antiquities,  a- 
niong  which  may  be  particularly  noticed 
:i  Ijir^jo  number  of  old  county  engravings 
and  maps,  iSlS.  diH.'ds,  trays  of  ke^^s,  Saxuu 
and  Roman  jewellery,  implements  of  war- 
iare,  ic.   There  were  also  two  large  sheets 


of  engravings  of  celts  and  stone  hatchcti^ 
found  in  the  post-pliocene  beds  near  Amiens 
and  Abbeville,  in  France,  as  well  aa  in  oar 
own  country,  and  a  long  and  beantifiilly- 
written  parchment,  scroll  sent  by  the  Rer. 
Mr.  Maude,  of  Hasketon.  The  roll  is  ro- 
luminous,  and  begins  with  the  Noachic 
flood.  It  describes  Shem,  Japhet,  and 
Ham,  as  the  first  roots  descending  from 
the  flood.  It  then  proceeds  by  a  kmg 
descent  through  ifincss,  Anchtscs,  ^.,  tiU 
it  arrives  at  Brutus,  who,  it  is  said,  bro*jgbt 
the  Britons  to  this  island,  and  m>  it  works 
on  to  Hengist,  parenthoticnily  deriving 
that  individnid's  desei'ut  from  Witdeii.  The 
roll  was  written  in  1 100,  and  drawn  np  to 
prove  that  Kdward,  Duke  of  Turk,  de- 


r 


I860.]    Suffolk  Institute  of  ArcfuBology  and  Natural  History,    635 


scerded  from  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence, 
third  son  of  Edward  III.,  had  a  better 
title  to  the  throne  of  England  than  Henry 
VI.,  who  was  descended  from  John,  Duke 
of  Lanciister,  fourth  son  of  Edward  III. 
The  table  and  chair  set  apart  for  the 
President,  very  curious,  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  were  contributed  for  the 
occasion  by  F.  Alexander,  Esq.  The  back 
of  the  chair  was  made  to  turn  over  the 
seat  and  form  a  low  octangular  table. 
The  chair  came  from  Aston-hall,  Sudbury, 
the  st»at  of  the  Jennen  family ;  and  the 
table,  which  was  a  rude  form  of  telescope, 
had  formed  part  of  the  furniture  of  a 
former  meetinghouse  of  the  Friends  at 
Woodbridgt!.  There  was  also  a  very  fine 
(best,  beautifully  carved  in  front,  with 
the  date  1539  upon  it,  sent  by  the  same 
gentleman. 

The  President  having  taken  the  chair, 
glanced  rapidly  at  the  principal  objects  of 
interest  in  the  collection,  and  then  pro- 
posed the  Earl  of  Gosford,  Sir  Charles 
Hunbury,  and  Sir  Wm.  Parker,  as  Vice- 
Presidents  of  the  Society ;  who  were 
elected.  His  Lordship  then  called  upon 
Mr.  Colchester,  who  read  a  paper  upon 
the  "Celts  of  the  Post- Pliocene  Period." 

After  the  reading  of  the  paper,  the 
ompany  adjourned  to  St.  Mary's  Church, 
AN'oodbridge,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
county,  where  a  descriptive  paper  was 
r(M(l  by  Mr.  S.  Tymms,  of  Lowestoft,  the 
Honorary  Secretary,  who  shewed  that, 
although  the  structure  had  been  attributed 
to  Lord  Seagrave  and  Margaret  his  wife, 
it  could  not  have  been  built  till  near  a 
century  after  the  deaths  of  either  of  these 
illustrious  personages.  The  proportions  of 
the  church  are  truly  noble.  The  tower  is 
one  hundred  and  eight  feet  high,  and  is 
visible  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  Wil- 
f(^rd  Hundred,  and  for  many  miles  at  sea. 
Tin-  church  is  65  ft.  long  by  47  wide,  and 
40  high.  Mr.  Tymms*  very  interesting 
paper  illustrated  every  object  of  in- 
terest in  and  about  the  building,  and 
one  could  turn  to  the  monuments  and 
brasses  or  peruse  the  figures  on  the  porch 
with  far  greater  pleasure  for  its  aid.  Some 
enquiry  was  very  naturally  made  for  the 
tomb  of  Seckford,  the  great  benefactor  of 


Woodbridge ;  but  a  few  fragments  fasten- 
ed to  a  wall,  upon  which  the  painter's 
brush  had  been  most  liberally  employed, 
was  all  that  was  left  of  the  masonry.  A 
few  rusty  iron  helmets  which  looked  like 
the  debris  of  a  modem  tinker's  shop,  were 
exhibited  as  the  armour  which  was  placed 
upon  the  tomb,  and  the  site  of  the  tomb 
was  obligingly  pointed  out  by  the  local 
members  of  the  Society.  It  appears  that 
the  chapel  built  by  Seckford,  temp.  Eliza- 
beth, and  in  which  his  tomb  was  situated, 
was  taken  some  years  ago  to  form  a  porch, 
and  Seckford's  tomb  had  to  stand  ande. 

The  next  visit  was  to  the  Abbey,  a  fine 
mansion  near  the  church,  the  residence 
of  the  Rev.  P.  Bingham.  It  occupies  the 
site  of  (or  very  nearly  so)  a  priory  of 
Angustines  which  existed  there  a  few 
centuries  ago.  The  only  room  examined 
contained  some  carved  beams,  and  a  finely 
executed  chimney-piece  of  the  time  of 
James  I. 

Quitting  the  Abbey,  the  company  pro- 
ceeded to  Seckford-hall,  now  a  farm-house, 
pronounced  by  the  noble  President  to  bo 
one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  Elizabethan 
architecture  he  had  ever  seen.  The  great 
attraction  was  the  hall  of  the  building, 
which  stands  pretty  much  as  the  builders 
left  it  three  hundred  years  ago,  and  reaches 
from  the  floor  to  the  roof.  Quite  through 
the  upper  story  of  the  house  there  is  a 
gallery  level  with  the  upper  rooms,  and 
on  that  gallery  are  several  old  portraits, 
among  them  William  III.,  Sarah  Duchess 
of  Marlborough,  and  another  said  to  be 
Queen  Mary.  A  manuscript  book,  illus- 
trated by  water-colour  drawings,  the  work 
of  the  Rev.  E.  J.  Moor,  Rector  of  Great 
Bealings,  and  Rural  Dean,  containing  notes 
on  the  Deanery,  chiefly  taken  from  the 
Davy  papers  in  the  British  Museum,  was 
offered  for  the  inspection  of  the  party ; 
and  here  Mr.  Tymms  read  another  paper 
illustrating  the  history  and  genealogy  of 
the  Seek  fords,  who  were  seated  here  about 
three  centuries,  from  the  time  of  Ed- 
ward II.  to  the  Restoration,  when  the 
family  became  extinct. 

The  visitors  next  proceeded  to  Great 
Dealings  Church  and  Rectory,  and  then 
went  on  to  Playford-hall,  a  large  mansion. 


636 


Antiquarian  and  Literary  Inteltigencer. 


[Dec. 


sniToninUMl  by  a  moat,  and  remarkable 
cbieHy  as  baving  been  tbe  residence  of 
the  Feltons,  nnd  later  of  tbc  pbilanthropist 
Clarkson.  Here  an  admirable  paper  was 
read  by  tbe  no\»le  I*rcsident  on  "  Playford 
and  tbe  Feltons."  His  Lordship  then  ex- 
pres  ed  bimself  greatly  indebted  to  two 
P'ntbMn(*n  wbo  bad  assisted  him  in  the 
work — the  Hev.  K.  J.  Moor,  and  Thomas 
Clarkson,  Escj.  "  I  have  also,*'  he  said, 
**  received  souje  documents,  including  one 
or  two  ori^ifinnl  letters,  from  one  wbo  took 
a  d»'cp  interi^st  in  all  that  related  to  this 
parish,  of  which  he  was  a  distinguishetl  or- 
nament— I  mean  the  late  Arthur  Biddell. 
I  bad  some  correspondence  with  him  on 
tbe  subject  of  our  meeting  here,  in  which 
he  exhibited  his  wonted  kindness  of  dis- 
position nnd  vigour  of  understanding ;  and 
I  bad  looked  forward  with  nmcb  pleasure 
to  seeing  him  on  my  visit  hero  to-duy; 
but  (i(kI  has  otherwise  ordered  it,  and 
another  goo<l  man  sleeps  in  the  chureb- 
vanl  of  Plavford."  'flie  noble  lecturer 
then  jrave  a  descTiption  of  Playford  from 
Dooinsday  U(K)k.  and  next  passed  very  mi- 
nut»ly  through  the  genealogical  ttibles  of 
dilVerent  owners  of  the  soil  and  lords  of 
the  manor,  or  rather  of  the  different 
manors,  for  there  were  four  manors  in 
Playford,  till  enrlv  in  tlie  last  century, 
since  which  time  it  had  gone  as  tbe  manor 
of  Playford. 

Pefcrring  to  tbe  Felhriggs,  his  lord- 
ship said  that  one  of  them.  Sir  (leorge 
Felbrigjj^,  built  the  parish  church.  Tli.  re 
is  a  fine  engraved  brass  plate  on  Sir  George's 
tomb,  representing  his  efligies  in  armour, 
with  a  legend  round  the  stone  in  old 
French ;  its  date  is  about  the  latter  part 
of  the  fourteenth  century.  One  of  the 
Felbrigffs,  who  died  in  1100,  was  buriwl 
in  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  of  the  church, 
in  a  chantry  founded  by  him.  llie  slab 
remains,  and  on  it  is  his  fi;;urc  in  complete 
armour.  I'pon  opening  the  gnive,  in  1784, 
at  a  d(*pth  of  five  feet  were  found  a  skull, 
a  jaw,  and  other  bones. 

The  Fcltons  became  lords  of  Phiyford 
in  1513.  They  appear  to  have  been  an 
old  Northumberland  family,  and  one  of 
them  was  a  Knight  of  tbe  Gartir,  tlie 
Bixty-ciefhth  from  the  foundation  of  the 
8 


order.    His  Garter  plate  (of  which  a  copy 
was  exhibited)  is  still  to  be  seen  in  St. 
George's  Chapel  at  Winds'ir.   There  wi-re 
also  Feltons  at  Sbotlcy,  in  this  county.  It 
should  be  obfler\'ed,  however,  that  the  de- 
scent of  these  two  fomilies  is  not  so  clciir 
as  could  be  wished ;  there  is  some  disagree- 
ment in  the  pedigrees ;  but  tliat  Uiey  are  of 
the  same  stock  as  the  Sir  Thomas  Feltoii 
just  mentioned  seems  certain,  from  tbc 
identity  of  arms,  and  name,  and  neighbour- 
h(X)d .   His  Lordship  then  argued  somewhat 
coneluiively  against  a  story  which  appeared 
in    print    in  the    Gentleman's   Magi- 
ziNE  in  1845,  on  the  authority  of  Mr. 
Davy,  to  the  effect  that  Folton,  the  as- 
sassin of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  onre 
resided  at  a  house  at  Ashbocking:  from 
which  story  it  has  been  inferred  that  \\e 
was  a  discarded  son  of  the  Plavford  familr. 
Whatever  support  could  be  gained  to  thii 
tale  by  his  Ashbocking  residence  wa«,  in 
his  Lordship's  opinion,  destroyed  by  the 
fact  that  the  Ashbocking  property  did  not 
belong  at  any  time  to  the  Feltons.    His 
Lordship  then  went  on  very  graphicslty 
and  minutely  with  the  history  of  the  Ffl- 
t(m  family,  down  to  the  final  extinction  of 
the  name  by  the  marriage  of  Miss  Feltoo 
with    John    Hervey,   first    Earl    BristoL 
*'  Sach,"  said  his  Lordship,  "  are  tbe  vicif- 
sitades  of  life,  that,  just  at  the  time  wb<n 
the  ancient  name  of  Felton  became  thv 
henddicdly  enriched,  the  name  itself  be- 
came eitinct.     Tlie  male  line,  onre  n 
widely    spread,    soon    disappeared    from 
among    us;    and    tbe    ancient    mansion, 
dwindled  to  half  its  size,  soon  ceased  to  be 
the  residence  of  tbe  lords  of  Playford." 

The  place,  however,  has  had  its  cele- 
brities in  modem  times,  Tliomas  Clarkson, 
the  great  mover  in  the  anti-slaTery  caoM*, 
the  present  Astronomer  Royal,  and  Arthur 
Biddell,  a  most  intelligent  friend  to  irriMe- 
olog}',  all  being  connected  with  it ;  "  and," 
concluded  his  Ixirdship, "  it  would,  perhaps, 
be  impossible  to  find  in  any  Tillage  in 
England  of  the  size,  a  triumvirate  of  whom, 
in  different  ways,  their  fellow  parishionen 
might  l)e  more  justly  proud  tlian  tbe  three 
I  have  just  named — Clarkson,  Airy,  and 
Biddell." 

Tbe  present  hall  was  hnilt  In  tbe  mid- 


/« 


I860.] 


Sussex  Archmological  Society. 


637 


die  of  the  sixteenth  century.  It  has  one 
date  on  it — 1580,  but  it  is  evidently  much 
older.  An  old  man  named  Hustleton,  who 
died  in  1 840,  remembered,  when  a  boy,  a 
chapel  being  attached  to  the  east  of  the 
present  dining-room,  completing  the  north 
side;  at  right  angles  to  which  chapel  ran 
the  east  side  corresponding  with  the  pre- 
sent west  side,  so  that  the  present  moat 
washed  three  sides  of  the  hall  in  those 
days.  The  hall,  as  it  now  is,  is  just 
one-half  of  what  it  originally  was.  The 
last  occupiers  of  the  Feltons  were  two 
maiden  ladies,  who  were  succeeded  by  a 
tenant  who  was  a  schoolmaster.  The 
house  was  then  made  a  fiurm-house,  and 
occupied  by  a  Mr.  Cutting,  after  whom 
came  Thomas  Clarkson. 

Tlic  company  were  most  hospitably  en- 
tertained by  Mr.  T.  Clarkson,  the  occupier 
of  the  mansion. 

Affcr  a  while,  a  visit  was  paid  to  Play- 
ford  Church,  which  is  very  small  and  un- 
pretending. It  stands  upon  a  high  bank 
of  land,  close  to  the  road  leading  from 
Playford  to  Grundisburgh.  Bat,  as  Lord 
Hervey  himself  most  happily  suggested, 
the  soil  of  that  little  graveyard  is  rich 
indeed.  The  architecture  and  appoint- 
ments of  the  church  may  be  mean  and 
poor,  but  the  place  is  enriched  with  a  long 
line  of  historical  associations,  and  it  is 
richer  still  with  the  remains  of  great  and 
honoured  men,  who,  in  our  own  times, 
have  been  there  hid  to  sleep  their  last. 
We  cannot  enter  that  little  churchyard, 
and  see  that  plain  and  simple  obelisk  to 
the  memory  of  Clarkson,  without  a  thrill 
of  pleasure  at  being  able  to  call  such  a 


man  our  countryman ;  and  we  feci  some 
pride  in  being  able  to  recognise,  in  the 
other  worthy  so  recently  laid  to  rest  there, 
the  stock  qualities  of  the  true  English- 
man. The  obelisk  in  memory  of  Clarkson 
is  of  grey  granite,  very  plain,  bat  well 
proportioned,  and  about  ten  feet  high. 
About  half-way  up  there  is  one  block,  a 
few  inches  in  width,  which  is  polished,  so 
as  to  form  a  polished  band  round  the 
column,  and  this  is  inscribed  on  each  of 
its  four  sides  with  appropriate  mottoes. 
Clarkson's  remains  rest  in  a  vanlt  near 
the  chancel  door,  and  we  observed  an  iron 
plate  on  the  rails  of  the  tomb,  with  an  in- 
scription : — 

"  He  is  not  the  God  of  the  dead,  but  of  the  livlDg, 
For  all  lire  unto  Him." 

Qrundisbargh  Church  and  Hall  were  on 
the  list  to  be  visited,  but  time  did  not 
allow  of  a  frill  examination,  and  the  party 
instead  repaired  to  the  house  of  the  late 
E.  Acton,  E^q.,  where  the  magnificent 
collection  of  antiquities,  formed  by  that 
gentleman  during  thirty  years'  residence 
at  Griindisburgh,  (and  which  is  now  for 
sale,)  was  inspected  by  the  visitors.  Some 
idea  of  its  extent  may  be  gathered  from 
the  fact  that  four  rooms  were  completely 
filled  with  136  Ronum  glass  and  earthen 
urns,  found  in  Roman  interments,  chiefly 
at  Colchester,  Bury,  and  Icklingham, 
with  tile  tombs,  lachrymatories,  glass 
and  earthen  vessels,  lamps,  bottles,  beads^ 
Roman  fibulse,  ligulsB,  bracelets,  armlets, 
buckles,  keys,  spurs,  chains,  pins,  rings,  &c. 

Here  the  proceedings  of  a  most  plea- 
santly spent  day  were  brought  to  a  close. 


SUSSEX  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


Oct,  4.  The  autumn  tour  of  the  Society 
this  year  embraced  Ditchling,  Keymer, 
Danny  and  Hurst.  A  large  party,  in- 
cluding, among  others,  Mr.  Blenoowe, 
Mr.  Durrant  Cooper,  Mr.  M.  A.  Lower, 
Hev.  Mr.  Loroax,  and  many  ladies,  assem- 
bled in  the  morning  at  Lewes,  where 
vehicles  were  provided.  On  arriving  at 
Ditchling,  they  proceeded  to  the  parish 
church,  where  they  were  received  by  the 
Vicar,  (the  Rev.  Thomas  Hutchinson). 
Gent.  Maq.  Vol.  CCIX. 


After  inspecting  the  chief  olgects  of  in- 
terest in  and  aroand  the  chnrch,  thej 
repaired  to  the  school-boose,  where  the 
Vicar  read  an  able  and  interesting  paper 
on  Ditchling  and  the  parish  church;  it 
contained  much  historical  information,  and 
suggested  varied  means  of  unravelling  cer- 
tain knotty  archseological  questions.  Mr. 
Hutchinson  also  favoured  his  hearers  with 
an  inspection  of  a  table-cloth  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty  years  old,  the  work  of  th« 

4a 


I860.] 


Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society. 


639 


the  Society  would  have  a  very  good  volume 
next  year,  but  be  would  particularly  im- 
press on  them  the  desirableness  of  dili- 
gently collecting  the  monumental  inscrip- 
tions. He  had  been  promised  the  Bye 
ones  for  next  year,  and  if  other  gentlemen 


would  be  kind  enough  to  forward  what 
they  could  he  should  be  greatly  obliged. 
They  might  rest  assured  that  nothing 
should  be  lost,  for  if  the  inscriptions  were 
not  printed  in  the  annual  volume,  they 
should  be  carcfolly  preserved. 


YOEKSHII^  PHILOSOPHICAL  SOCIETY, 


Kov.  6.  At  the  monthly  meeting,  T. 
Allis,  Esq.  in  the  chair,  a  communication 
was  read  from  John  Turner,  Esq.,  respect- 
ing the  discovery  of  an  ancient  cemetery 
at  Selby. 

In  the  course  of  some  operations,  un- 
dertaken by  the  Selby  Board  of  Health  in 
1857,  a  drain  was  carried  through  a  part 
of  the  town  called  Churchill,  which  dis- 
closed the  remains  of  what  appeared  to  be 
an  ancient  cemetery,  at  the  depth  of  eight 
feet  below  the  present  surface.  The  in- 
terments in  it  were  all  of  one  kind.  Trunks 
of  oak  had  been  divided  longitudinally, 
and  the  interior  hollowed  out,  so  as  to 
afford  space  for  the  reception  of  a  body. 
The  divided  pieces  had  then  been  laid 
upon  each  other,  some  without  any  fasten- 
ing to  hold  them  together.  With  a  single 
cxco{)tion,  the  tree  remained  in  its  natural 
state,  without  any  attempt  to  fashion  it 
into  shape;  in  the  case  referred  to,  the 
end  of  it  had  been  formed  into  a  rude  imi- 
tation of  the  end  of  a  stone  sarcophagus. 
The  purpose  for  which  the  excavation  was 
undertaken  did  not  allow  of  deviations  to 
ascertain  the  extent  of  the  cemetery,  and 
the  ground  is  covered  with  modem  build- 
ings, but  as  many  as  fourteen  of  these 
coffins  were  counted.  In  one  of  them, 
which  was  taken  out,  there  was  a  skeleton, 
which  was  pronounced  to  be  that  of  a 
middle-aged  female. 

The  name  of  Churchill  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  site  of  some  ecclesias- 
tical structure,  which  preceded  the  erec- 
tion of  the  abbey,  and  was  the  parochial 
church,  till  the  dissolution,  when  the  abbey 


church  was  made  parochial.  In  confirma- 
tion of  the  opinion  that  an  older  church 
has  stood  on  Churchill,  it  may  be  men- 
tioned, that  old  stone  foundations  were 
discovered  there  in  excavating  the  drain, 
which,  from  the  cause  before  noticed,  could 
not  be  followed  out  so  as  to  trace  their  ex- 
tent. Hardly  anything  is  known  of  the 
history  of  Selby  before  the  year  1070, 
when  William  the  Conqueror  founded  the 
abbey.  Fragments  of  Samian  pottery  and 
a  few  Roman  coins  have  been  found,  but 
these  are  insufficient  to  establish  the  ex- 
istence of  a  Roman  station  here.  From 
the  entire  absence  of  coins  or  works  of  art 
in  these  coffins,  except  a  set  of  beads  of 
stone,  carefully  worked  and  coloured  red, 
it  is  difficult  to  assign  their  age.  We  may 
safely  oonclode  them,  however,  to  be  older 
than  the  Conquest.  The  wooden  coffin 
found  at  Qristhorpe,  near  Scarborough, 
which  was  merely  a  hollowed  oak,  has 
been  generally  supposed  to  have  contained 
the  body  of  an  ancient  Briton,  and  similar 
coffins  found  elsewhere  are  usually  consi- 
dered as  British.  But  a  custom  once  es- 
tablished may  have  remained  in  partial 
use  long  after  it  had  been  generally  aban- 
doned. Such  was  not  the  usual  mode  of 
interment  among  the  Saxons,  but  this  is 
hardly  a  sufficient  reason  for  carrying 
back  the  age  of  the  coffins  to  British  times. 
A  perfect  skull  found  in  one  of  the  coffins 
was  laid  on  the  table.  Examined  by  the 
authors  of  the  Crania  Britanniea,  it 
might  perhaps  throw  some  light  upon 
the  question  of  race. 


640  [Dee. 


ContjElpontienre  of  Selbamuf  tSrban. 


ICorrespondents  are  requested  to  append  their  Addreteee,  itoi,  mmUts  agreeahU^fiir 
publication^  hut  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the  GsirrLXiCAV's  Maoazihx  eomtttimiw^ 
their  Communications  may  he  forwarded  to  them,"] 

ST.  HUGH  OF  LINCOLN  AND  THE  EARLY  ENGLISH    STYLE. 

We  have  received  several  communications  on  this  suhjectf  Bhewing  the 
interest  which  has  been  excited  upon  it  by  Mr.  Dimock'a  work  and  the 
article  in  our  last  number.  The  point  which  seems  to  strike  people  at  new 
is  that  St.  Hugh  was  not  the  architect  of  his  own  cathedral,  although  it  is 
recorded  that  he  worked  at  it  with  his  own  hands ;  this  was  probablj  to 
stimulate  the  zeal  of  others;  and  the  distinct  mention  of  the  architect. 
"  Constructor  Ecclesiee,"  to  whom  he  gave  directions  on  his  death- bed 
respecting  his  burial  and  his  tomb,  leaves  no  room  for  doubt  upon  the 
subject.  The  idea,  then,  of  Lincoln  being  in  a  Burgundian  style,  imported 
by  St.  Hugh  of  Grenoble,  which  had  received  high  sanction,  is  now  at  an 
end.  The  architect  was  not  a  Bungundian  at  all,  either  from  the  Imperial 
province  or  the  French  duchy,  but  a  native  of  Noyers,  or  probably  a  monk 
of  the  abbey  there.  Several  friends*  have  pointed  out  to  us  that  Noyers 
is  an  abbey  in  Touraine,  then  one  of  the  English  Provinces,  but  on  the 
borders  of  the  royal  domain  of  France,  and  not  far  from  Bloia,  where  the 
west  window  of  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  is  strikingly  like  the  celebrated 
round  window  with  plate  tracery  in  the  end  of  the  north  transept  of 
Lincoln,  the  earliest  and  the  finest  window  of  its  class  in  England. 

As  this  is  one  of  the  turning-points  in  the  history  of  architecture,  and 
therefore  of  considerable  interest  and  importance,  we  have  thought  it 
necessary  to  investigate  it  as  closely  as  possible,  and  with  this  view  we 
have  examined  the  original  manuscripts  of  the  life  of  St.  Hugh,  two  of 
which  are  in  the  Bodleian,  and  two  in  the  British  Museum.  Only  one  of 
these,  the  one  called  Magna  Vita  in  the  Bodleian,  contains  the  passage  in 
question ;  the  others  are  nil  abridgments,  and  two  of  them  in  Terse.  The 
Austrian  manuscript  printed  by  Fez  in  his  Bibliatheca  AMceHca^  a« 
quoted  by  Mr.  Dimock,  and  reprinted  very  incorrectly  by  the  Abb£  Migne, 
appears  to  be,  in  part  at  least,  the  same  as  the  Magna  Vita  in  the  Bod- 
leian, although  an  incorrect  transcript  of  it.     We  have  collated  the  pamage 

*  We  arc  particularly  indebted  to  M.  Felix  de  Vemeilh,  the  anthor  of  the  vm 
valuable  work  on  the  EgVuies  Byzantines  de  France,  fur  his  oommaiiiimtion :  ■i*^  to 
the  Rev.  T.  Hugo,  F.S.A. ;  K.  K.  Holmes,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Department  of  MSS.  si  tbt 
British  MuBCum;  and  C.  A.  Buckler,  Esq.,  Architect. 


18G0.]     St,  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English  Style.        641 

which  hears  on  our  suhject  with  the  MS.,  and  here  subjoin  it  with  the 

variations  in  the  Abbe  Migne'8  edition. 
And  as  the  name  of  the  place  is  very 
important,  we  give  a  magnified  fac-simile 
of  it, — three  times  the  size  of  the  original, 
— to  make  it  more  clear. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  "VITA  S.HUGONIS  EPISC.  LINCOLN" 
(Feom  the  MS.  K.,  DiGBY,  165,  in  the  Bodleian  Libkajry, 

CAP.  XVI,  FOL    117.) 

M.  Various  Readings  from  the  Abbe  Migne,  Patrologia,  t,  153,  c.  xxiv,  col,  1098, 

E.  Bibl.  CartusicB  Gemnicensis  {Oemnitz  in  Austria). 

PosTMODUM  imminente  sibi  jam  post  dies  quindecim  lucis  hujus  die 
suprema,  Gaufrido  de  Noieres  %  nobilis  fabricae  constructori  (quam  cepit  a 
fundamentis  in  renovanda  Lincolniensi  ecclesia  erigere  Hugonis  magnifica 
gracia^  decorem  domus  Dei  dilectio)  talia  idem*  est  locutus:  '*Quia 
duminum  regem  cum  episcopis,  totiusque  regni  hujus  primoribus,  Lin- 
cohiiam  in  proximo  ad  generale  colloquium  conventuros  accepimus,  accelera, 
et  consumma^,  qusDcunque  necessaria  sunt  ad  decorem  et  ornatum  circa 
altare  domini  ac  patroni  mei  S*'®  Baptiste  Joannis  ®,  quod  etiam  per  fratrem 
nostrum  Bovensem^  episcopum,  cum  eo  una  cum  ceteris  advenerit  epi- 
scopis,  voluimus  e  dedicari.  Nam  et  nos  ipsi  denunciati  tempore  colloquii 
illic  proDsentes  erimus.  Optabamus  sane  nostro  illud  ministerio  consecrare, 
sed,  quia  Dominus  aliter  disposuit,  volumus,  ut  priusquam  illuc  veniamus^, 
occasioned  remota,  consecretur."  Hsec  ipsa  verba  et  aliis  quibusdam  repe- 
tiit,  dans  in  mandatis  servientibus  suis  cunctisque  majoribus  personis  ^  £c- 
clesiae  suee,  ut  ^  in  extremis  utque  ™  obsequiis,  quantam  possent,  deferrent 
honorificentiam,  non  solum  regi,  sed  °  episcopis,  aliisque  amicis  ^  Lincolniam 
ad  Venturis. 

This  is  followed  by  the  Bishop^s  instructions  for  his  bunal  and  funeral. 
The  name  spelt  "  Voires"  in  the  Abb^  Migne's  edition  is  clearly  written 
**  Noieres'*  in  the  Digby  MS.  It  is  probably  Noyers,  the  last  es  being  in 
abbreviation,  the  other  letters  plain. 

The  following  is  the  passage  in  the  Gallia  Christiana  which  relates  to 
Noyers: — **  De  Nucariis  Beatae  MarisB  Ordin.  S.  Benedicti  dioecesis 
Turonensis,  cuius  loci  memorantur  Abbates  Hugo,  Uenricus,  Bernertus, 
Aimericus,  ac  Emanuel  Martineau." — Vol.  iv.  p.  697. 

We  are  requested  by  the  writer  of  the  article  in  our  last  number  on  this 
subject  to  correct  the  following  misprints  : — 

p.  462,  last  \me,for  "work,"  read  "monk." 
p.  466,  note  h^for  477,  read  447. 


■   Voires,  M.         *»  erga.         «^  eidem.        «*  cura  singula,  «  8,  Joannis  Baptista 
perficere.                     '  Boffensem,                    »  volumus.  •»  perveniamus, 

omni  inserted  here  in  M.         ^  personis  after  sua  in  M.  *  vel  inserted  in  M. 

•"  utque  not  in  M.  »  et  inserted  in  M.  <>  suis  inserted  in  M. 


642  [Dec. 


MS.  OF  CHAUCER'S  MINOR  POEMS. 

Mr.  Urban, — MSS.  of  the  Minor  Poems  of  Chaucer  are  so  uncommon 
that  I  feel  justified  in  directing  your  attention  to  a  copy  of  the  "  A,  B,  C," 
which  occurs  in  a  book  belonging  to  Sion  College,  entitled  the  **  Pilgrimage 
Celestial,"  translated  from  the  French.     The  MS.,  written  on  paper,  is  of 
about  the  year  1460  or  1470,  and  affords  a  good  illustration  of  the  way  in 
which  Chaucer^s  Minor  Poems  at  least  have  been  treated  by  some  of  his 
editors.     For  the  purpose  of  comparison  I  place  in  the  margin  the  text 
according  to  Bell's  annotated  edition  of  Chaucer  (Parker  and  Son,  1854), 
and  you  will  see  that  the  alterations  are  generally  for  the  worse.     What 
is  very  curious  is,  that  the  MS.  is  much  nearer  to  modem  spellings  than  the 
print  is,  as  in  it  we  have  '  my/  where  the  latter  has  '  myn*  or  '  mine*  before 
a  consonant,  which  I  conceive  must  be  nothing  more  than  a  fancy  of  the 
early  editors,  who  possibly  thought  it  pleasantly  antique,  as  we  might  *'  ye* 
for  '  the,'  or  put  an  '  e'  at  the  end  of  a  word.     Take  the  few  following  lines 
from  *  C  as  a  proof  of  their  bad  taste : — 

Comfort  is  noon  but  in  yowe,  Lady  deere, 

For  loo,  my^  synne  and  my^  confusyon,  *  myn. 

Wliiche  oughten  not  in  thy^  presence  appeare,  ^  thyn. 

Ilave^  taken  on  me  a  grevous  accyany*  '  Han.    *  actioon. 

Of  veray  right  and  desperacyony^ ;  '  desperadon. 

And  as  by  right  they  might  wele  sousteync 

That  I  were  worthy  my  damnacyony\  '  myn  damnation. 

iVbr^  mercy  of  thowc  blisful  Ueven's^  Qaeene.  '  Nere.  *  *  Seven's* omitted. 

In  A  the  following  variations  are  noticeable  : — 

L  1 .  Almighty  and  almercyable  Qwccne. 

„  2.  To  whome  that^  al  this  worlde  fleethe  for  socour  '  '  that'  omitted. 

„  3.  To  have  releese  of  synne  and^  sorrowe  and  teene,  ^  of. 

„  i.  Glorious  Virgyne,  of  dWcifloures^  flouer,  '  flouris. 

„  5.  To  thee  I  crye^y  confounded  in  errour,  *  fle. 

„  6.  Helpc  and  releef  thou  mighty^  debonayre.  *  almighty. 

In  B  :— 

1.  0.  Haven  of^  refuyte,  of  qwyete,  and  qf^  rcste,  *  and.    *  'of  omitted. 

„  7.  Loo  thai^  theeves  seven  chasen  me.  '  Loo  how  that. 

In  Di- 
li. Doute  is  ther  noone,  thowe^  queene  of  misericorde.  *  '  thou'  omitted. 
„  4.  For  certes  lady  and  hlis/ul  moder  dere\  '  For  certea  Ghristis  Uisful 

_    ,^  modir  dere. 

In  t, : — 

1. 1.  £7uJU^  hathc  myne  hope  of  refuyt  been  in  thee\      ^  Ever.    *  in  the  be. 


1 860.]  MS.  of  Chaucer's  Minor  Poems.  6  43 

1.  3.  Ilastowe  (^=bast  thou)  to  misericorde  resceyved^  'Unto  mercy  hast  thou 

TTitf  3.  received  me  ;*  a  mere  gloss. 

„  7.  That  but  thowe  or  that  day  me  toeel  chastise*.        ^  *  or    that    day    correcte 

In  p  I me,*  which  will  neither 

,   ^    .        .^,  J  scan  nor  rhyme. 

1.  5.  IS  omitted. 

„  6.  Yet  Lady  thowe  me  cloothe  with^  thy  grace.  '  close  in  with. 

I  will  quote  G  and  H  entire,  as  they  exhibit  several  variations,  and  they 
will  also  give  a  good  idea  of  the  injury  caused  by  the  interpolated  '  n'  in 
'  thvn  :' — 

Gloryous^  mayde  and  moder,  which  that  ever^  '  Qracions.    ^  never.J 

Was  never  your  better  in  eerthe,  neyther  in  8ee\  *  Were  better  nor  in  erthe 
And  full  of  sweetness  and  of  mercy  ever,  nor  in  se. 

Helpe  that  my*  father  ne  be  not  wrothe  with  me.  *  myn. 

Speke  thowe,  for  ever  I  dare  nought  him  see^.  *  Speke  thou,  for  I  ne  dare 

So  have  I  done  on  eerthe,  ellas  the  whyle,  him  not  se. 

That  certes  but  if  you  my^  socour  be  •  myn. 

To  stynke"^  eterne,  he  wole  my  gooste  exyle.  ^  sinke. 

He  wowehed  sauf,  tell  him  as  was  his  wille, 

By  come  a  man,  to  have^  our  alliaunce,  '  as  for. 

And  with  his  precyous  hloode  he  wroote  the  hiUe^  '  his  blode  he  wrote  that 

Upon  the  crosse,  as  general  acquytaunce  blisful  bille. 

To  every  penitent  in  ful  creaunce ; 

And  therefore,  Lady  bright,  thou  for  us  pray. 
Thane  shalt  thowe  hoothe  stynt  al  our  grevaunce\  '  thou  stent    al  his  gre- 

And  make  our  foo  to  faylen  of  his  praye.  vaunce. 

Inl:— 

1.  1.  I  wote  it^  well  you  wolt  been  onre  socoure.  *  omitted. 

„  5.  Thaine^  (then)  makest  thowe  his  pees  with  his  2  That. 


sovercgn. 


„  8.  That  shall  he  fynde,  asthelyP  shall  lete.  '  as  he  the  lyf. 

In  K:— 

1.1.  AWe7irfi>r«*  enlumyned  been  they  '  Kalendeirs. 

„  2.  That  in  this  worlde  been  lighted,  with  %«  name.  ^  thyn  (very  jingling). 

„  3.  And  who  so  goothe  to  you  the  right  way. 

„  4.  Him  thar^  not  dreede  in  soul  to  he*  laame.  •  schal.    *  ben. 

„  7.  Late  (=■  let)  not  my  foo  mywownde  no  more  un- 

tame  *.  •  Let  not  myn  fo  no  more 

jj^  j^ . myn  wownde  entame. 

1.  1.  Lady,  thy^  sorrowe  ne^  cane  I  nought  pourtray.     *  thyn.    '  omitted. 
,  2.  Under  the  crosse  ne  his  grevous  penance. 
,  3.  But  for  youre  boothes  penaunce^  I  yowe  pray        '  peyne. 
,  1 .  Late  nought  oure  aldres*  foo  make  his  hobaunce\  *  alder.    *  bostaonce. 
,  5.  That  he  hathe  in  his  lystes  0/^  meschaunce  •  with. 

,  0.  Convict  that  yce  boothe  have"^  bought  so  deere,      '  ban. 
7.  As  I  sayde  erst  thou  groundeof  ot^r^^  substaunce.  ^  omitted. 


644 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanvs  Urban. 


[Dec 


InM:— 

1.  1.  Moyses  that  saughe  the  btisshe  with^  flambes  '  bosh  of. 

„  2.  Brenning  of  whiche  that-  never  oon^  sticke,  '  than.    •  a. 

„  3.  Was  signe  of  thjne  unblemished*  maydenhede ;  ^  unwemmed. 

„  4.  Thou  art  the  busshe  on  which  ther  ^an'  descended  can. 

„  5.  The  hooly  Gooste,  the^  which  that  Moyses  •  *  the'  omitted. 

„  6.  Had  been  on  fuyre,  and  this  was  in  figure. 

„  7.  Now,  Lady,  from  the  fuyre  thow^  us  defende.  '  *  thow*  omitted. 

InN:— 

I.  3.  That  comethe  of  thee,  thou^  Christes  moder  dere, '  '  thou'  omitted. 

4.  We  have  noon  other  melodye  or^  glee,  '  ne. 

5.  Us  to  rejoyse  in  our  adversitee, 

6.  Ne  advacat  noon  that  dare  thaime^  (=  them)  prey.  *  so. 


»i 


i» 


InO:— 

1.  2.  O  verraye  lougt^  of  labour  and  distresse. 

„  7.  This  worlde  awaytethe  ever  on  th^^  goodnesse. 

InP:— 

1.  5.  But  for  to  save  us  that  he^  sythen  bought 

6.  Thane  ncdethe  us  no  wepen  for  to  have^ 

7.  But  oonly  thee\  we  did  not  as  us  ought 
„  8.  Do  penytence  and  mercy,  axe*  and  have. 


II 


11 


1  lust. 
»  thyn. 


1  'he' omitted. 

'  save. 

•  then. 

*  aske. 


InQ:— 

1. 1.  Queen  of  courofort,  yit^  whenne  I  me  bethenk 

„  2.  That  I  gitt  have  boothe  offt^  him  and  thee, 

„  3.  And  that  mi/^  sowle  is  worthy  for  to  synke, 

„  4.  Ellas  I  kaytyff  whider  may*  I  flee, 

„  5.  Who  shal  unto  tht/^  son  my*  meene  bee, 

„  6.  Who  but  thyselp  that  art  of  pyte  welle, 

„  7.  Thou  haai  ruthe^  of  our  adversitee. 


>  right. 

>  'offt' omitted. 


myn. 


»  thyn. 


In  R:— 


1. 

II 
II 
11 
II 
11 

11 

1. 

II 
II 
» 


•  myn. 
'  thynself. 
*  Thou  hast  more  rntb. 


eke. 


1.  Rcdresse  me,  Moder,  and  yowe^  me  chastise. 

2.  For  certaynly  my  faders  chastysing, 

3.  That^  dar  I  nought  abyden  in  no  wyse^ 

4.  So  hideous  it  is  the^  rightful  rekennyng. 

5.  Moder  of  whome  our  mercy*  gan  to  spryng, 

6.  Beethe^  (=be  thou)  my  Juge  and  eeke  my  soulis'  Be  ye. 

leeche. 
8.  To  yche  (=  each)  that  wol  ofpiUe  yawe  byieecheK  *  Thai  of  pHj  w3  jtm.  be- 

InS:—  •^•^ 


»  Ne. 

'  iahtsfuL 

*  joye. 


1.  Soothe  is  that  God  ne  graunUth^  no  pity. 
5.  Of  al  the^  worlde  and  eeke  gouvemeresse. 
f).  Of  Hevcn  and  he  rcprcssethe  his  justice. 
7.  After  thy^  wHlc  and  therefore  in  witnesse. 
9 


1  Soothe  b  he  MgiMiBtekk 
>  thif. 

»  thyn. 


jT 


.-ti-^ 


I860.] 


MS,  of  Chaiicer's  Minor  Poems. 


645 


ches. 


In  T:— 

1.  1.  Temple  devoute  then  God  hathe^  his  wonnjng. 

„  2.  Fro  which  thees  misbyleved  deprived  been. 

„  3.  To  yowe  my^  soule  penytent  I  bring ;  ^  myn. 

4.  Receyvethe^  (=:  receive  thou)  me,  I  ne  cane  no'  Receve  me. 
firther  fleen 

5.  With  Thomes  venymous,  0^  heven  qween, 

6.  For  wliich  the  eerthe  acursed  was  ful  yoore\ 

7.  I  am  soore^  wownded  as  yee  may  weel  seen ; 

8.  That  I  am  loste  hit  smerteth  me  so  soore^. 


a 


a 


a 


a 


*  *  0'  omitted. 

*  sore. 


6 


so. 


In  V:— 

1.  2.  And  ledest  us  into  thyne^  heghe  towre. 
„  6.  Lady,  unto  that  courte^  thou  mee  adjourne, 
„  7.  That  cleped  is  thy^  benche,  O*  fresshe  floure. 

InX:— 

I.  1.  Xps^  thy  sone,  that  in  this  worlde  alighte. 
„  2.  Upon  the  crosse  to  souffre  his  passioun. 
„  3.  And  eeke  suffred^  that  Longeus  his  hert. 
„  5.  So  was  it  alfor  my^  salvacyoun. 
„  7.  And  yit  he  wol  not  my^  dampnacioun. 


In  Y  ;~ 

1.  6.  Sith  he,  is^  mercy  mesured  so  large, 

„  7.  Be  ye  not  skant  for  aJlle  (accidental  omission) 


^  almost  it  smert  so  sore. 

1  the. 

2  on  that  country. 

3  thyn.    *  of. 

1  Xpe. 

2  suffred  eke. 

'  And  ai  was  this  for  my. 
*  myn. 

>  his. 


3  all  we  sing. 


*  oute. 
'  thyn. 


wil. 


*  Now,  Lady  bright. 

*  Ben. 


sing*^  and  seye. 

InZ:— 

1.  3.  Therfore  this  lesson  ought^  I  wed^  to  telle, 
„  4.  That  neer  thy^  tendre  hert  we  weren  spilt. 
„  5.  Now,  Lady,  sith  thou  canst*  and  wilst, 
„  G.  Bee'^  to  the  seede  of  Adam  mercyable. 

The  *'  Pilgrimage"  is  said  to  be  translated  by  a  monk  at  the  Abbaye  of 
Clialyce,  in  France.  The  writer  seems  to  like  variety,  and  so  he  heads 
almost  every  page  differently;  thus  we  have  the  title  of  this  hymn  : — 

2.  Devotissima  oratio  ad  Mariam  pro  omni  tempore  tribulationis,  neoess.  angostis. 
1.  Incipit  carmen  secundum  ordinem  literarum  AlphabetL 

3.  A  devout  dytee  of  our  Ladye  Marye. 

4.  A  devout  thing  to  our  Ladye. 

From  the  Latin  heading,  I  conceive  that  this  poem  is  a  translation  of  a 
Latin  one.  Does  it  exist }  and  if  so,  where  can  a  copy  be  seen }  The 
book  in  French  was  written  by  Wil.  Guilleville.  Query,  was  he  the  author 
of  the  hymn,  or  is  it  older  ?  I  am,  &c., 

J.  C.  J. 


Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


4k 


646 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


£Dcc. 


EPISCOPAL  NAMES  IN  THE  TWELFTH  CENTURY. 


Mr.  Ueban,— Mr.  Robertson's  letter  in 
your  last  Number  has  satisfied  me  on 
a  point  on  which  I  had  my  suspicions 
before,  that  I  owe  you  and  your  readers 
an  apology  for  having  written  to  you  in 
a  hurry.  I  did  not  sec  Mr.  Robert- 
son's August  letter  until  late  in  that 
month  ;  my  remarks  upon  it  were  hastily 
put  together,  at  a  distance  from  my  books, 
and  reached  you  too  late  for  insertion  in 
the  September  number.  It  is  to  this 
hurry  that  you  must  kindly  allow  me  to 


I  meant  to  aay  that  they  were  tbe  onty 
two  which  bore  on  the  face  of  them  any 
look  of  un-English  plebeian  origin.  They 
are  not  noble  Norman  names,  as  Peche  and 
Foliot :  they  are  not  Anglo-Saxon  names. 
Murdac,  I  afterwards  remarked,  sometimes 
appears  as  Filius  Mardae,  (Maseres,  378,) 
and  therefore  goes  into  tbe  class  of  patro- 
nymics. I  do  not  know  what  the  deri>'a- 
tion  of  Durdcnt  is,  bat  the  name  itself  is 
probably,  like  Bccket,  one  of  the  Norman 
names  of  citizen  rank,  which  were  coming 
a»cribe   the   mistake  in  the  spelling  of     into  use  at  the  time,  and  became  yery 


Foliot,  and  to  the  same  cause  must,  I 
imagine,  be  attributed  that  apparent  con- 
fusion of  expression  of  which  Mr.  Robert- 
son complains. 

I   intended   in   my  letter  to  say  two 
things :  first,  to  state  the  question  about 


commonly  hereditary  at  the  close  of  the 
century.  Hoveden  calls  Thomas,  Bekct, 
and  I  see  no  harm  in  calling  him  so  too, 
although  the  point  at  issae  between  Mr. 
Robertson  and  his  reviewer  can  hardly  be 
held  to  be  settled  thereby,  for  Horcdeo 


the  name  of  Bccket  as  it  presented  itself  wrote  just  at  the  critical  time  in  dispute, 

at  the  time  to  my  mind,  and  apart  from  When  I  said  that  I  did  not  think  Mr. 

the  personal  matters  with  which  it  wa^  Robertson's  letter  condonve,  I  did  not 

mixod  up  in  Mr.  Robertson's  letter ;  and  mean  to  say  tliat  I  considered  the  qnettkn 

secondly,  to  remark  on  the  importance  of  settled,  or  likely  to  be  so^  the  other  way. 

accuracy  (as  far  as  it  is  attainable)  in  the  The  remaining  remarks  in  Mr.  Robeit- 

UHo  of  proper  names,  apropos  of  which  son's  letter  refer  to  1.  St.  Edmand;  S. 


I  quoted  from  memory  a  few  instancrs  of 
what  appeared  to  me  to  be  misconceptions 
on  such  points  in  ancient  and  modem 
writers.  Nothing  was  further  from  my 
mind  than  an  intention  to  reflect  upon 
Mr.  Robertson,  in  those  quotations,  as 
from  his  letter  he  seems  to  suppose.  I 
hud  not  at  the  time  even  seen  his  Bio- 
graphy of  Recket :  and,  although  I  cer- 
tainly do  not  rememl)cr  the  references 
that  he  makes  to  his  other  works,  I  have 
sci'n,  and  1  hope  learned  something  from, 
his  "  Church  History."  I  do  not  wish  to  be 
his  opponent  or  to  write  as  one,  but  am 
content  to  be  either  a  fellow-student  of 
hist-ory  with  him,  or,  if  he  pleases,  his 
Bcholnr.  On  looking  at  my  letter  again, 
I  cannot  help  thinking  that,  if  ho  had  not 
taken  for  granted  that  I  was  writing  with 
an  intention  of  attacking  him,  he  would 
have  judged  more  leniently  of  what  I  said. 
When,  in  comparing  the  name  of  I^ket 
with  those  of  the  other  bishops  of  the 
time,  I  said  that  Durdent  and  Murdac 
were  the  only  two  names  similar  to  it. 


Herbert  (de)  Loeinga;   3.  Raonlf  Ham- 
bard  ;  4.  the  Duke  of  Cnmherhmd. 

1.  With  the  greatest  regard  for  Mr. 
Robertson's  opinion,  I  think  still  that 
the  parallel  holds  good  between  tbe  two 
archbishops.  I  was  wrong  in  attribating 
to  Henry  VIII.  the  do-canonisation  of  St. 
Edmund:  it  would  have  been  more  cor- 
rect to  say  that  his  name  was  omitted  in 
the  restoration  of  the  black-letter  Cslrn- 
dar  by  the  EHzabethan  reformers.  Bat 
tlie  general  correctness  of  the  parallel  I 
uphold.  On  comparing  our  present  Cslen- 
dar  with  the  more  ancient  ones  printed 
in  Maskell's  Mon.  Eit,,  toL  iii.,  ftom  two 
Bodleian  MSS.,  (and  I  prefer  a  refcrenee 
to  these  to  one  to  the  Calendar  printed  is 
the  same  volume  firom  the  Sanun  J?acA»- 
ridion,  because  they  contain  all  the  lunts 
whose  commemorations  were  anything 
like  general  in  the  EngUsh  Chnrdb,)  I 
find  that  there  are,  he^dea  St.  ThomM^ 
only  ten  English  Hdnta  in  the  old  which 
do  not  appear  in  the  new:  St  WnliUa, 
St.  Cuthbcrt,  St  Wilfrid,  St.  Aldhte 


I860.] 


Episcopal  Names  in  the  Twelfth  Century. 


6^7 


St.  Botulf,  St.  Kcnelm,  St.  Oswald,  St. 
Cuthburga,  St.  Edith,  and  St.  Edmund. 
I  cannot  take  upon  myself  to  say  why  the 
reformers  expelled  St.  Edmund  in  com« 
pany  with  these  representatives  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  monastic  sanctity,  espedally  when 
St.  Hugh  and  St.  Bichard  are  spared. 
But  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  it  was 
that  likeness  to  St.  Thomas,  (more  cer- 
tainly in  circumstances  than  in  character,) 
which  was  so  leading  an  idea  in  St.  Ed- 
mund's own  mind,  so  strongly  remarked 
upon  by  his  contemporaries,  (Matt.  Paris, 
527,  533,  545,)  and  so  unjustly  made 
a  charge  against  him  by  the  more  violent 
reformers,  (Bale,  fol.  105,  ed.  1548). 
lleadir^g  history  impartially,  we  see  much 
more  of  the  saint  in  Edmund  than  in 
Tliomas ;  the  reformers  probably  looked  at 
the  political  characteristics  to  which  he 
owed  his  canonization  in  common  with  St. 
Anselm,  and  to  which  the  popular  beatifi- 
cation of  Simon  de  Montfort,  Thomas  of 
Lancaster^  and  Archbishop  Scroop  is  to  be 
ascribed. 

2.  The  cases  of  Herbert  (de)  Losinga 
and  Ranulf  Flambard  appear  to  stand 
thus: — Each  bore  a  name  capable  of  a 
punning  interpretation;  very  early  the 
original  name  was  lost  sight  of,  and  the 
origin  of  the  cognomentum  traced  to  the 
pertinency  of  the  characteristic  on  which 
the  pun  WHS  founded.  I  believe  that 
Losinga  was  Herbert's  name,  and  that 
because  he  was  given  to  U)senger,  the 
appropriateness  of  his  real  name  gave  it 
the  look  of  a  nickname;  and  something 
of  the  same  sort  happened  to  Kanulf 
Flambard. 

But  why  de  Losinga?  I  write  the 
name  as  I  find  it  in  the  Monasticony  and 
in  Wats's  Index  to  Matt.  Paris,  not  without 
the  knowledge  that  such  authority  is  very 
second-rate,  but  because  it  seems  to  me 
very  probable  that  the  antiquaries  who  so 
write  it  have  been  influenced  by  the  same 
reasons  that  have  led  me  to  my  own  con- 
clusion. Valeant  quantum.  The  testi- 
mony of  the  medieval  writers  is  unani- 
mous indeed,  but  its  unanimity  originates 
111  the  fact  that  in  this  point  they  copied 
one  another  word  for  word.  The  account 
ol'    Herbert's    cognomentum    appears     in 


Malmesbury's  Oesta  Segum,  p.  517,  and 
Gesta  Foniijlcum,  fol.  136,  and  in  Florence, 
ii.  33  : — "  quod  ei  ars  adulationis  impe- 
gerat  ;**  for  the  words  "  nuper  egerat,"  as 
they  appear  in  the  English  Historical 
Society's  edition  of  Florence,  are  simply 
a  corrupt  reading  of  William  of  Malmes- 
bury's  words,  and  the  whole  passage,  as  it 
does  not  appear  in  Simeon  of  Durham, 
is  probably  an  interpolation  by  a  tran- 
scriber. Brompton,  whose  words  are  not 
exactly  the  same,  "Losinga,  id  est,  adu- 
lator," was  a  compiler  of  the  fifteenth 
century.  Matthew  of  Westminster,  with- 
out mentioning  the  "  adulation,"  takes 
his  account  word  for  word  from  Malmes- 
bury.  Cotton  does  not  mention  it,  al- 
though he  wrote  doubtless  from  indepen- 
dent sources.  But  William  of  Malmesbury 
expressly  says  that  the  father  of  Herbert 
bore  the  same  cognomen ;  this  at  once 
disposes  of  the  notion  that  it  was  given  to 
Herbert  solelg  from  his  flattering  pro- 
pensities; he  had  the  name  from  bis 
father,  and  as  Robert  de  Losinga  his  fa- 
ther appears  in  the  list  of  tbe  abbots  of 
Hyde,  I  know  not  on  what  authority. 
Where  did  his  father  get  the  name  ?  Was 
it  ever  borne  by  any  other  man  ?  I  find 
in  Godwin  a  Bishop  of  Hereford,  Robert 
Lozing,  who  was  the  friend  of  St.  Wul- 
stan,  and  certainly  did  not  get  his  name 
from  losenger.  (Vide  Wright,  Biog. 
Brit.  Lit.,  iL  18.)  He  is  described  by 
Malmesbury  as  Lotharingus;  and  a  Lo- 
tharingus  I  suppose  the  other  Robert  to 
have  been,  a  countryman  of  Giso,  (Ang. 
Sac,,  i.  559,)  Hereman,  (Plor.  Wig.,  i. 
199,)  Walter,  (Flor.  Wig.,  i.  218,)  and 
Walcher,  (Sim.  Dun.,  290,)  who  were 
Bishops  of  Wells,  Sherbom,  Hereford,  and 
Durham  in  the  same  age.  Of  which  of 
the  countries  that  from  time  to  time  bore 
the  name  of  Lotharingia  Robert  was  a 
native,  I  cannot  say.  Giso  was  Hasbani- 
cnsis,  Walcher  a  clerk  of  Li^e,  Hereman 
a  Fleming.  Whether  the  "  pagus  Oximen- 
sis"  was  near  enough  to  the  Flemish  fron- 
tier to  be  counted  at  any  time  a  part 
of  the  duchy  of  Godfrey  of  Boulog;ne,  in. 
the  confusion  of  the  BngUah  popular 
geography  of  the  time,  1  cannot  «ay-  ^ 
should  have  felt  inclined  ^  ^^^^  ^^^  ""^  ^^ 


648 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban* 


[Dec 


Bretag^e,  in  the  settlements  of  the  0ns- 
mii,  but  I  find  that  the  French  g^eogra- 
phers  place  it  in  Normandy,  without 
exactly  fixing  where.  Whether,  as  seems 
not  impossible,  Lotharingus  was  a  com- 
mon name  in  England  for  Frenchmen 
who  were  not  Normans,  I  leave  to  others 
to  decide.  As  Herbert  inherited  the  name 
of  Losinga,  it  does  not  matter  where  he 
was  bom.  I  have  given,  at  any  rate, 
what  seems  to  me  a  reasonable  account 
of  my  theory. 

3.  Ranulf  Flambard  was  the  son  of 
a  priest  of  Bayeux,  named  Thurstan,  who 
was,  according  to  the  Durham  Obituary, 
a  monk  of  St.  Augustine's.  I  was  at  one 
time  inclined  to  think  him  a  Fleming, 
Flamand;  but  as  Thurstan  was  a  favourite 
name  at  Bayeux,  I  suppose  he  was  a  low 
Norman.  Wliether  the  name  was  origin- 
ally Flambart,  (Sim.  Dun.,  220,)  Psss- 
fiambard,  (Fl.  Wig.  IL  35,)  or  Passcfla- 
bere,  (Ann.  Wint.,  Anff.  Sac,  i.  295,) 
does  not  appear.  That  it  was  a  real  name 
seems  certain  from  the  appearance  of 
Banulf  Flambart  in  Domesday  Book,  (vol. 


i.  p.  61) ;  that  the  panning  interpretatton 
arose  from  his  being  a  firebrand*  *'(^aod 
totam  raptor  Angliam  taccendit,"  (Hont^ 
Anff,  8,,  it  700,)  and  kindling  the  king 
to  deeds  of  oovetoofnesi,  "  fofmei  cnpidita- 
tum/'  (Malmes.,  G.  B.  497,)  I  take  to  be 
the  true  account  of  him.  That  this  wu 
lost  sight  of  ill  his  own  life-time,  I  eon- 
elude  from  the  story  given  hy  Ordericoi 
Vitalis,  that  he  received  the  name  from 
the  king's  steward,  (Ord.  Vit.,  viii.  8). 

4.  The  account  of  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land will  be  found  in  Wolfgang  Menieri 
"  History  of  the  Germans,"  ed.  4^  p.  1011. 
As  Mr.  Robertson  cannot  really  snppoie 
that  I  meant  to  refer  to  his  books  in  my 
mention  of  Bishopsbridge  and  Sawbridgv, 
it  is  almost  needless  for  me  to  add  tbst 
the  books  really  in  my  mind  when  I 
wrote  were  Falgrave's  *' Pariiawtemtary 
WritM"  and  Le  Neve's  FasH, 

In  conclusion,  I  most  take  leare  to  say, 
that  if  in  anything  I  have  written  above 
I  may  seem  to  have  treated  Mr.  Roberttoa 
with  disrespect,  I  wish  it  unwritten. 

I  am,  &e.        W.  S.  N. 


ARCHBISHOP  nOLDEGATE'S  FALL. 


Mb.  Urbait, — Tliero  can,  I  conceive,  be 
no  possible  duubt  that  Archbishop  Cran- 
mcr,  in  giving  the  pall  to  Robert  Iloldc- 
gate,  orchbishop-elcct  of  York,  intended  to 
imitate,  as  nearly  as  possible,  the  Roman 
use  in  the  matter,  lliat  this  pall  bad  not 
come  from  Rome  is  quite  clear;  the  se- 
paration between  England  and  the  Pope 
at  the  time  in  question,  (January  151r-l-5,) 
was  as  complete  as  it  is  now.  The  oath 
which  was  administercil  to  the  archbishop- 
elect  on  his  consecration,  and  which  was 
specially  devised  for  that  occasion,  is  one 
of  the  most  direct  and  emphatic  denials  of 
the  Papal  power  to  be  found  among  our 
public  documents.  St;ype  prints  it,  or 
rather,  as  I  suppose,  a  translation  thereof, 
and  immediately  adds,  "And  then,  after 
this  oath,  followed  the  prayers  before  the 
benediction  of  the  jmll  and  the  ceremonies 
of  delivering  it." 

Mr.  Stubbs  deserves  the  thanks  of  uU 
antiquaries  for  having  brought  to  light 
this  most  curious  monument  of  Anglican 


ritualism.  The  Benedidio  PMU  is  evi* 
dently  a  modem  composition.  It  doei 
not  read  like  a  medlicval  prayer.  I  am 
pretty  sure  I  have  seen  the  Roman  form 
in  print  in  one  of  Mabillon'a  works,  bat, 
writing  at  a  distance  from  libraries^  I  am 
unable  to  give  a  reference  to  it. 

It  is  evident  that  the  presentatioo  of 
the  pall  lost  all  its  symbolic  tiguifieaiice 
when  it  came  from  Canterbury  'nrtaid  ti 
Rome;  but  the  state  of  feeling  at  that 
time  was  so  difTorent  from  what  it  now  is^ 
that  I  apprehend  there  is  no  reoaon  for 
believing  that  Cranmer  and  the  others 
concern^  with  lum  in  thb  rite  enacted 
a  wilful  parody,  for  although  in  the  papd 
bulls  the  pall  was  said  to  have  been  taken 
de  eorpore  heaii  Petri,  this  was  not  true, 
except  as  a  figure  of  speech.  One  who  has 
seen  the  whole  process  of  the  m»kiwg.  of  \\y^ 
pall,  from  the  blessing  of  the  lambs  whose 
wool  is  to  bo  used,  to  the  final  dedicatMU 
of  the  vestment,  thus  describes  it : 

•*  Every  year,  on  the  morning  of  St  Ag- 


I860.]       The  "  Bishop''  and  "  Dean''  at  Lincoln  Cathedral       649 


nes's  feast,  the  21st  of  January,  a  horse, 
bearing  slung  over  his  back  two  baskets, 
each  of  which  holds  a  lamb  of  the  fairest 
and  the  whitest,  is  to  be  seen  walking 
into  Rome  from  the  country,  towards  the 
Pope's  palace,  before  which  it  awaits  till 
the  pontiff  comes  to  a  window,  thrown 
wide  open,  and,  standing  there,  makes  the 
sign  of  the  cross  upon  the  bleating  burden 
bt'low  him.  Borne  hence  to  the  fine  old 
basilican  church  of  St.  Agnes-out-of-the- 
Walls,  where  a  solemn  high  Mass  is  to  be 
sung,  these  lambs,  decked  with  ribbons 
and  tlowrrs,  are  taken  to  the  altar,  and 
kept  at  its  foot  while  the  holy  sacrifice  is 
offered  up.  Formerly  at  the  Agnut  Dei, 
but  now  after  divine  service  is  ended,  the 
celebrating  priest  goes  through  the  cere- 
mony of  blessing  these  little  animals. 
They  are  then  given  over  to  the  canons  of 
the  Pope's  cathedral,  (St.  John  Lateran's, 
and  the  chapter  of  that  church  sends 
them  to  the  pontiff"  himself,  who  orders 
them  to  be  conveyed  unto  the  dean  of  the 
apostolic  subdeacons,  by  whom  they  are 
entrusted  to  the  care  of  some  nunnery, 
where  they  are  kept  and  fed.  In  due 
time  these  lambs  are  shorn,  and  their 
fleeces— along  with  which  is  put,  if  need 
be,  other  fine  work— are  spun  and  woven 
by  the  nuns  into  palls  against  the  festival 
of  S8.  Peter  and  Paul.  On  the  eve  of 
that  day  these  palls  are  carried  to  St. 
Peter's,  and  laid  upon  the  high  altar, 
when  they  are  shortly  afterwards  taken 
down  into  that  hollow  space  below  it, 
and  when  evensong  is  done,  blessed  in 
duo  form,  either  by  the  Pope  himself,  or 
in  his  stead  by  the  cardinal  arch-priest  of 
that  basilica.  They  are  then  shut  up 
within  a  rich  silver-gilt  box,  and  put  close 
hy  St.  Peter's  shrine,  and  so  kept  there 
until  wanted  for  bestowing  upon  new 
archbishops  *." 

A  writer  of  the  twelfth  century,  Petrus 
MalHus,  tells  us  that  palls  were  conse- 
crated in  the  confessional,  and  laid  upon 
St.  Peter's  shrine  : — 

<'  Et  inde  est  quod  legatus  sanctsB  ec« 


cledffl  RomansD  dicit:   accipe  pallium  de 
corpore  beati  Petri  sumptum  ''.** 

In  the  case  of  Holdegate  there  is  not 
the  bare  possibility  that  the  pall  may  have 
been  a  genuine  Roman  vestment  that  had 
been  sent  in  the  old  manner  by  the  Pope 
to  some  former  English  archbishop,  for 
the  unvarying  rule  was,  that  on  the  death 
of  each  archbishop  the  pall  was  buried 
with  him  in  his  grave.  If  he  were  interred 
within  the  limits  of  his  own  province,  it 
was  put  around  his  shoulders,  as  he  had 
worn  it  in  life.  If  buried  elsewhere,  it  was 
folded  up  and  put  beneath  his  head.  Qer- 
vase,  the  monk  of  Canterbury,  bears  wit- 
ness to  this  custom.  He  was  present  and 
assisting  at  the  burial  of  St.  Thomas  (H 
Becket) : — 

"  Aiter  the  martyrdom,"  he  says,  "  the 
saint's  dead  body  was  removed  and  placed 
in  the  shrine  before  the  altar  of  Christ. 
On  the  morrow  it  was  carried  by  the 
monks  and  deposited  in  a  tomb  of  marble 
within  the  crypt.  Now,  to  speak  the 
truth — that  which  I  saw  with  my  eyes 
and  handled  with  my  hands  —  he  wore 
hair-cloth  next  his  skin,  then  stamin,  over 
that  a  black  cowl,  then  the  white  cowl  in 
which  he  was  consecrated;  he  also  wore 
his  tunic  and  dalmatic,  his  chasuble,  pall, 
and  mitre  *." 

The  only  English  instance  I  can  dis- 
cover of  one  person  wearing  another's  pall 
is  that  of  Stigand,  who  by  some  means 
became  possessed  of  the  one  which  had 
belonged  to  his  exiled  predecessor,  Robert. 
He,  however,  at  length  received  a  new 
pall  from  "a  certain  schismatical  pope 
named  Benedict  *."  Probably  John  Bishop 
of  Velletri,  called  Benedict  X. 

I  am,  &C., 

K.  P.  I}.  £•!  F.S.A. 

All  Saints',  1860. 


THE  "BISHOP"  AND  "DEAN,"  AT  LINCOLN  CATHEDRAL. 


Mr.  Urban, — There  is,  I  imagine,  a 
very  simple  reason  why  the  author  of  the 
"  Metrical  Life  of  Saint  Hugh,"  noticed 
in  your  last  number,  has  in  the  following 

»  The  Church  of  our  Fathers,  as  seen  in  St.  Os- 
mund's Rite  for  the  Cathedral  of  Salisbury,  by 
Daniel  Rock,  D.D.,  1849,  vol.  ii.  p.  149,  note. 


lines  called  the  sonthem  circular  window 
of  the  transept  of  Lincoln  Cathedral "  the 

<>  Acta  Sanctorum  Jonii,  t.  vii.  p.  38.     As 
quoted  in  the  above  by  Dr.  Rook. 

•  Qervase's  Lives  of  the  ArcUbifthopB  of  Canter- 
bury. Translated  by  the  Rev,  W.  Stevenson,  In 
Church  Historiana  of  England,  l85Si  P*  ^^> 

*  Ibid.  308. 


650 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urbane 


[Dec. 


Bishop/'  and  its  fellow  on  the  north  "  the 

Dean"  :— 

<*  Pnobentes  geminoD  jubar  orbiculare  fcncstrsB 
Eccleda)  dno  sunt  oculi  :  rectdquc  videtur 
Major  in  bin  esse  pncsal,  minor  esse  dccanus." 

On  the  south  side  of  Lincoln  Minster, 
with  but  a  narrow  way  between  them, 
once  stood  the  bishop's  palace,  a  magnifi- 
cent structure,  having  few  rivals  in  Bri- 
tcdn ;  on  the  north  side,  at  about  an  equal 


distance,  still  stands  the  Deanery.  (That 
is,  a  modem  boose  on  the  old  ate.)  Was 
it  not  quite  natural  to  call  the  two  "  ^es" 
of  the  church  by  the  names  of  the  digni- 
taries on  whose  rendencea  tbej  looked 
down  ?  May  not  this  aocoont^  too,  for  the 
larger  size,  in  the  first  inatance^  of  the 
southern  window  ? — I  am,  &c., 

K.  P.  D.  E.,  F.S.A. 


NOTES  ON  CORONATIONS. 

Mb.  Urban, — I  beg  to  hand  you  a  few  brief  notes  on  modem  Coron*- 
tions,  in  continuation  of  my  letter  printed  by  you  in  August  last. 

I  am,  &c. 

Mackehzik  "Walcott,  M.A. 


On  St.  Oeorge's  day,  1685,  Archbishop 
Sancrofb  crowned  King  James  II.  and 
Mary  of  Moilena.  The  service  was  then 
first  used  in  the  English  tongue.  "  When 
King  James  was  crowned,  according  to 
ancient  custom,"  says  Aubrey,  "  the  peers 
go  to  the  throne  and  kiss  the  king.  The 
crown  was  almost  kissed  off  his  head ;  an 
earl  did  set  it  right,  and  as  ho  came  from 
the  abbey  to  Westminster-hall,  the  crown 
tottered  exceedingly.  The  canopy  of  cloth 
of  gold  ctirried  over  King  James*  head  by 
the  wardens  of  the  Cinque  Ports  was  torn 
by  a  puiTof  wind  as  he  came  to  Westmin- 
ster-hall ;  it  hung  down  very  lamentably  : 
I  saw  it.  A  signal  was  given  from  the 
abbey  to  the  Tower,  whore  it  was  Sir 
Edward  Sliirbum's  post  to  stand  to  ^ve 
order  for  firing  the  cimnon,  and  to  hoist 
u])  the  great  flag  with  the  king's  arms. 
It  was  a  windy  day,  and  the  wind  pre- 
sently took  the  flag  half  off,  and  carried  it 
away  into  the  Thames.  The  top  of  his 
sceptre,  the  fleur-de-lys,  did  then  fall." 

On  April  18,  1689,  was  the  coronation 
of  William  and  Mary.  **  What  was  dif- 
ferent from  other  coronations,"  says  Eve- 
Ijrn,  '*  was  some  alteration  in  the  corona- 
tion-oath.    Dr.  Burnet,  Hishop  of  Sarum, 

preached  with  great  pleasure Much 

of  the  splendour  of  the  proceeding  was 
abated  by  the  absence  of  divers  who 
should  have  contributed  to  it,  there  being 
but  three  bishops,  four  judges,  no  more 


being  yet  sworn,  and  seyeral  noblemen  and 
great  ladies  were  wanting." 

On  April  12,  1702,  Queen  Amne  mm 
crowned.  Dr.  Sharp,  the  Archblihop  of 
York,  preached  on  Isaiah  zlix.  23;  and 
a  new  ceremony  was  introdaoed.  "Im- 
mediately after  the  crown  bad  been 
set  upon  her  head,  and  while  the  choir 
was  singing  the  anthem,  'I^nuse  the 
Lord,  O  Jerutalom,'  the  dean  took  the 
Holy  Bible,  brooght  by  one  of  the  pre- 
bendaries, and  brought  back  by  the  Bidiop 
of  Worcester  in  the  proceaaiaii  for  tbii 
purpose  from  the  altar,  and  delivend  it 
to  the  archbishop,  who^  with  the  rest  of 
the  bishops  going  along  mth  him,  pre- 
sented it  to  the  Queen,  aaying  first  thse 
words,  *  Our  g^radons  Qneen,  Ac' " 

On  Oct.  20,  1714^  KlngOeoige  I,  for- 
getting  his  dignity,  gave  rent  to  bis 
auger  by  refusing,  with  nnmiatakeable 
disdain,  to  accept  from  Dean  Atterbnrj's 
hands  the  chair  of  estate  and  the  canopy, 
which  were  his  in  right  of  hia  office^  m  the 
chief  ecclesiastic  in  the  abbey.  An  anec- 
dote, much  to  the  honour  of  the  king^ 
howeviT,  is  added  as  a  note  to  the  M& 
history  of  the  coronation : — "  At  the  eoio- 
n.ition  the  king  took  off  his  crown  and  laid 
it  on  the  altar,  and  b^g  told  that  he 
should  wear  it,  he  refused,  saying,  that  he 
thought  it  indecent  to  appronch  ihe  King 
of  kings  witli  his  crown  on.**  ••  The  Ihike 
of  Norfolk,  by  the  Lord  Uowaid  of  Eflng- 


I860.] 


Notes  on  Coronations, 


651 


ham,  presented  a  rich  glove  to  the  king, 
by  virtue  of  the  claim  of  the  manor  of 
Worksop,  and  as  soon  as  the  sceptre  was 
delivered  to  the  king,  he  supported  his 
right  hand,  or  held  sometimes  the  sceptre, 
which  he  was  to  do  as  long  as  the  king 
bore  his  sceptre  in  his  hand,  as  in  the 
recess." 

On  Thursday,  Sept.  22,  1761,  Arch- 
bishop Seeker  crowned  King  George  III. 
This  king  first  omitted  the  custom  of 
giving  the  kiss  of  charity  to  the  arch- 
bishops and  prelates.  The  litany  was 
chanted  by  the  Bishops  of  Chester  and 
Chichester. 

On  July  19,  1821,  King  George  IV. 


was  crowned  by  Archbishop  Manners- 
Sutton.  The  ceremony  was  shorn  of  much 
of  its  beauty,  owing  to  painful  political 
circumstances. 

On  Tlmrsday,  Sept.  8,  1831,  King  Wil- 
liam IV.  and  Queen  Adelaide  were  crowned 
by  Archbishop  Howley.  There  was  no 
coronation  feast,  nor  champion's  challenge, 
nor  procession  from  the  Hall  to  the  Abbey. 

On  Thursday,  (the  Hanover  Thursday,) 
the  vigil  of  St.  Peter,  1838,  Queen  Vic- 
toria was  croWned  by  Archbishop  Howley. 
For  the  first  time  since  the  Revolution  the 
sovereign  was  desired  to  lay  aside  the 
crown  before  receiving  the  Holy  Com- 
munion. 


THE  DUCKING  OR  "  COCKQUEANE  STOOL." 


Me.  Ueban, — Among  the  many  quaint 
customs  of  old  times,  the  treatment  of 
scolds  and  tattlers  was  not  the  least  curi- 
ous. The  cucking,  or  ducking-stool  of  the 
village  pond  was  the  terror  of  naughty 
women.  To  be  seated  on  that  stool,  and 
to  undergo  a  correctional  ducking,  drew 
forth  an  amount  of  derision,  far  more 
bitter  to  endure  than  a  more  severe  but 
less  lu(  icrous  punishment.  Orders  for  the 
ducking  of  scolds  often  occur  in  the  ses- 
sion-books of  the  county  of  Middlesex. 
I  extract  the  following  : — 

"  Forasmuch  as  itt  fully  appeareth  unto 
this  Courte  upon  the  testimonie  of  divers 
credible  persons  inhabitinge  the  parishe  of 
Kiifielde,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  that 
Susan  Croxan  is  a  Comon  Scould  and  dis- 
turber of  the  Peace,  and  slanderer,  and 
stirrer  upp  of  stryfes  amongst  her  neigh- 
bours; Itt  is  therefore  ordered,  that  the 
Constable  and  Headborough  of  the  saide 
parishe  shall,  immediately  upon  sight 
liereof,  (»wse  the  saide  Susan  Croxan  to 
bee  placed  in  a  Cockinge-stoole,  and  there- 
uppon  to  be  duckt  in  water  within  the 
saide  parishe." — Liber  Sett,,  2  C<Mr,  I. 

The  origin  of  the  term  cooking-stool  is 
curious.  It  is  well  known  that  strumpets 
and  disorderly  women  were  called  queanes. 


The  term,  as  so  applied,  is  retained  in  our 
dictionaries,  although  it  has  now  fallen 
into  disuse.  It  was  the  custom  to  punish 
such  characters  by  ducking  them  in  the 
pond,  and  the  stool  on  which  they  were 
placed  appears  to  have  been  originally 
called  the  "  cockqueane-ttool"  but  after- 
wards shortened  into  cocking-stooL  Thus 
I  find  that,— 

"  Uppon  the  motion  of  Mr.  Marsh,  one 
of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  this 
County,  Itt  is  ordered  by  this  Court 
that  the  inhabitants  of  the  parishe  of 
Hackney  shall  erect  and  sett  up  a  cock- 
queane-stoole  in  some  convenient  phice 
within  the  parishe  of  Hackney." — JAber 
Sett.f  1  Car,  I. 

And  again, — 

"  Uppon  the  motion  of  Mr.  Longe,  one 
of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace,  it  is  ordered 
that  the  inhabitants  of  the  parishe  of  St. 
James,  Clerkenwell,  shall  erect  and  place 
a  cockqueane-stooie  on  the  side  of  the 
duckinge-ponde,  within  the  said  parishe." 
— Liber  Sett.,  1  Car,  L 

I  do  not  recollect  having  met  with  this 
term  before, — I  am,  Ac, 

F.  SOMKBB  MeBBTWSATHBB. 
Colney  Hatch* 


G52 


[Dee. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MTSCELLANE0TT8  REYIEWS. 


PatronynUca  Britannica  ;  a  Dictionary 
of  the  Family  Names  of  the  United  King- 
dom, Endeavoured  by  Mask  Antony 
Lower,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  (London:  John 
Russell  Smith.) — We  confess  we  are  dis- 
appointed with  this  book.  Judging  from 
Mr.  Lower's  former  productions,  we  ex- 
pected something  very  much  more  valu- 
able. His  work  on  English  Surnames  has 
been  pronounced  by  a  competent  authority 
"curious,  ingenious,  and  amusing,"  and 
this  praise  we  may  concede  to  the  present 
book,  but  wo  looked  for  substantial,  re- 
liable information  as  well,  and  this  in- 
formation we  do  not  find.  The  subject  is, 
no  doubt,  one  of  difficulty,  but  when  a  man 
undertakes  it  of  his  own  free  choice  he  is 
bound  to  work  it  fairly — to  exhaust  it,  as 
far  as  hard  labour  and  untiring  research 
will  allow  him  to  do,  and  he  must  not  ex- 
pect his  pica  against  a  charge  of  incom- 
pleteness to  go  for  much,  when  all  he 
says  is,  "It  has  never  been  any  part  of 
my  plan  to  hunt  after  names,  but  only  to 
record  and  to  illustrate  such  as  have  crossed 
my  path  :" — that  is,  he  thinks  his  duty  to 
his  reader  is  to  be  discharged  by  gratify- 
ing himself  with  pouring  out  a  stream  of 
very  vague  talk — we  will  not  say  gossip — 
on  anything  that  comes  uppermost.  In 
this  we  are  obliged  to  say  we  cannot  agree 
with  him. 

The  prospectus  of  the  work  stated, 
some  time  ago,  if  our  memory  servos  us 
rightly,  that  it  was  to  give  the  results  of 
a  twenty  years'  study  of  British  family 
names, — "a  subject  which,  investigated 
by  the  light  of  records  and  philology, 
would  prove  highly  illustrative  of  habits 
and  customs  of  our  ancestors,"  &c.,  &c. 
It  WHS  also  promised,  wo  believe,  that  by 
the  introduction  of  anecdotes  ai  to  origin 
of  names,  (Sec.,  the  whole  should  be  made 
acceptable  to  the  general  reader  as  a  fire- 
side book. 

We  cannot  regard  these  promises  as 
fulfilled.  As  to  the  pleasant  fire-side 
reading,  that  will  not  long  endure  in  the 

10 


face  of  the  cabaliftic  «  B.  L.  G./»  «•  H.  R," 
"N.  and  Q.,"  and  "B.  O.  16,"  with 
which  every  page  bristles  by  way  of  n- 
ference,  obliging  the  reader  for  pleasure 
to  turn  at  each  half-doien  lines  to  a  for* 
midable  page  of  "  EzplanaUon  of  Abbre- 
viationsy  &c."  Neither  will  the  reader 
for  information  fare  much  better.  He 
will  find  each  page  offering  sach  triviaU- 
ties  as, — 

"  BowMAXBB.  A  common  employncat 
in  the  days  when  archery  was  in  Togne." 

"BoYMAN.  Perhaps  a  person  who 
looked  to  the  huoya  near  some  port  or 
dangerous  passage." 

"  Habpeb.    a  performer  on  the  bsrp.* 

"  LoFTT.  From  pride  or  arrogance  of 
disposition." 

"  P&ATEB.    A  talkatiTe  man." 

He  hardly  needs  a  goodly  octavo  Tohme 
to  tell  him  sach  things  as  theses  and  yet 
they  are  a  &ir  sample  of  the  general  nm 
of  the  book. 

Mr.  Lower  states  that  "his  dingn 
throughout  has  been  chiefly  etTmokgicsl 
— using  that  word  in  its  most  popolsr, 
and  least  technical  sense.**  He  pirfiawi 
to  have  little  sympathy  for  "  fiuciftd  ge- 
nealogy/' and  yet,  when  he  gets  beyond 
the  very  obvious  *'  etymologies"  of  whid 
we  have  just  given  a  few  spedmens,  his 
lucubrations  often  punfnllj  remind  ns  of 
the  "Table  of  Proper  Namei^  with  thdr 
meaning  or  signiflnation "  appended  to 
"  Cruden's  Concordance,**  where  we  md 
that  one  name  (Abei)  "bmng  interpreted* 
means  "  an  egg  or  mnddj/'  and  anotber 
(Ajalon)  "  a  chain  or  a  ttag,"  and  a  third 
(Caleb)  "  a  dog,  or  a  oow»  or  a  haskel^"— 
information  sopredse  as  this  must  greatly 
asdst  the  student  of  the  **  cnriaos  bcnaeh 
of  archsBology"  which  If  r.  Lower  pirofaMi 
to  have  made  his  own. 

One  very  olgectionshle  ftatnre  of  the 
work  is  the  peipetoal  Ko-tow-ing  to  "oar 
brothers  and  counns"  of  Amerioi,  aia^  ear 
author  thinks  it  worth  while  to  flll  whols 
pages  with  examples  of  the  OQrraptkM 
that  they  are  daily  introdiidng  in 


38(50,] 


Patronymica  Bntannica. 


653 


seasoning  the  detail  with  jokes  of  the 
very  lioaviest  descriptioii.  Take,  for  in- 
stance, these,  quoted  with  much  appro- 
l)ation,  as  "humorous  passages,**  from 
JVIr.  Bowditch's  **  Sfiffolk  (America)  Sur- 
names :" — 

"  Mr.  Augur  has  a  case  now  pending, 
which  his  opponent  doubtless  feels  to  be 
^  bore:  he  is  of  an  old  family.  A  Mr. 
Aur^ur  appears  in  1658 ;  and  Mr.  Augurs 
received  the  notice  of  our  forefathers  in 
1G71.  Both  Sibel  and  Sibell  are  found 
in  New  York.  Mr.  Soldem  has  ventured 
to  bring  a  suit.  Our  Messrs.  Parson,  Par- 
sons, Shriever,  Friar,  Friary,  Priest,  Di- 
vine, Deacon,  Creed,  Quaker,  Church, 
Pray,  and  Revere,  are  probably  not  more 
pious  than  our  Mr.  Pagim  or  Mr.  Turk. 
Both  Mr.  Churchman  and  Mr.  Musselman 
live  in  New  York ;  also  Messrs.  Bigot, 
Munk,  and  Nunns.  Mr.  Rosery  lives  at 
Lockport,  C.W. ;  Dr.  Kirkbride  at  Phila- 
<lelphia ;  also  Messrs.  Bigot,  Bapst,  and 
Musselman.  Mr.  Layman,  in  1857,  cora- 
luitted  a  murder  at  the  South,  and  will 
doubtless  be  hung  without  benefit  of 
clergy.  Mr.  Praed,  one  of  England's 
fiwcetest  poets,  has  by  no  means  confined 
his  muse  to  sacred  tlieraes.  Dr.  Verity 
lives  at  HaysviUe,  CW.  An  English 
clergyman,  the  Rev.  Arundel  Verity,  falsdy 
and  fraudulently  converted  to  bis  own  use 
funds  designed  for  conversion  of  the  hea- 
then. Mr.  Newgate  (1651)  was  not  an 
escaped  convict ;  nor  does  it  appear  that 
Mr.  Selmaii  (1674)  was  a  slaveholder. 
iSIr.  Mothersell  lives  at  Kingston,  C.W. 
No  clerical  associations  surround  the  name 
of  llev.  William  Youngblood  of  New  York. 
A  Dr.  Youngblood  lives  at  Sandwich,  C.W, 
Pieiisant  M.  Mask  of  Holly  Springs,  Miss., 
treacherously  murdered  a  young  lady  in 
1857.  We  have  both  the  Bible  and  the 
Coran  in  our  directory.  Mr.  Pastor  makes 
csusks  instead  of  converts,  and  can  operate 
better  upon  hoops  than  upon  heathens; 
but  though  our  Pastor  is  a  cooper,  our 
Cooper  was  the  best  of  pastors.*' — (p.  viL) 

*'  The  heathen  deities,  Odin,  Backus,  and 
JVIars,  dwell  with  us.  Rev.  Mr.  Mars  is 
a  clergyman  at  Worcester.  The  goddess 
Flora  kecjw  house  in  Boston.  An  edition 
of  Pallas's  Travels  appeared  in  1812.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Jui)it-er  lives  at  Wateringbury,  Conn. ; 
Mr.  Jove  in  New  York;  Mr.  Soul  at  La- 
grange. Mr.  Plannet  is  found  in  our  di- 
rectory, and  sells  beer !  Mr.  Planert  lives 
in  New  York ;  Mr.  Comet  in  Montreal. 

"  Columbus  discovered  a  world ;  and  so 
have  I.  Mr.  World  lives  at  Orilla,  C.W.** 
—  (p.  viii.) 

'*  Rev.  Mr.  Service  reads  the  Methodist- 

Gent.  Mao.  Voi*.  CCIX. 


Episcopal  service  at  Lj^nden,  CW. ;  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Rally,  of  HaysviUe,  C.W.,  mani- 
festly belongs  to  the  Church-militant.  Mr> 
Lappe,  of  New- Hamburg,  C.W,,  is  a  shoe- 
maker; Miss  Vest,  of  Toronto,  a  dress- 
maker; Mr,  Vizard,  of  Peterborough,  an 
attorney ;  and  Mr.  Supple,  of  Pembroke, 
a  member  of  the  provincial  Parliament, 
1857.  Messrs.  Carveth,  of  Port  Hope, 
C.W.,  and  Mr,  Gash,  of  Dunville,  C.E., 
are  butchers.  Mrs.  Lone  is  a  widow  at 
Oriquois,  C.E.  Mrs.  Cinnamon,  of  King- 
ston, C.  W.,  keeps  a  grocery.  The  Messrs. 
Broadwater,  of  Philadelphia,  are  fisher* 
men.  Mr.  Brick,  of  that  city,  is  a  mason  ; 
and  Mr.  Cartman,  a  labourer,  Mr.  Brick- 
layer, of  Montreal,  is  a  labourer;  Mr. 
Rumble,  of  Clinton,  C.W,,  a  wagon- 
maker;  and  Mr.  Saddler,  of  Adelaide, 
C.W.,  a  harness-maker.  Mr.  Builder,  of 
Caledonia,  C.W.,  is  merely  a  cabinet- 
maker. [On  the  other  hand],  Mr.  Spur- 
geon,  of  Toronto,  C.W.,  has  cure  of  soles, 
not  of  souls ;  and  Mr.  Hatter,  of  Ottawa, 
C.W.,  is  a  shoemaker.  Mrs.  Bloomy  is 
a  school-mistress  at  St.  Zepherine,  C.E.— 
an  employment  decidedly  unfavoorable  to 
the  complexion.** — (p.  xi.) 

We  feel  inclined  to  apologise  for  quot- 
ing these  specimens  of  transatlantic  wit, 
and  we  think  Mr.  Lower  judged  badly 
to  go  so  lar  when  at  least  as  good  could 
be  found  at  home.  Though  we  have  not 
devoted  twenty  years  to  the  study  of  the 
subject,  we  can  recollect  meeting  with 
jeux  d*esprit  which  treat  of  the  contradic- 
tion of  names  and  natures  quite  as  amu6« 
ingly  as  Mr.  Bowditch,  and  with  the 
great  recommendation  of  doing  it  more 
shortly.  We  will  quote  one  specimen  from 
memory : — 

**  Mr.  Box,  tboagh  provoked,  never  doubles  bU 
fist, 

Mrs.  AngeFfl  an  absolute  fury ; 
And  meek  Mr.  Lyon  let  fierce  Mr.  Lamb 

Tweak  his  nose  in  the  porlieos  of  Drury.*' 

And  we  will  give  an  old  epigram  as  an 
addition  to  Mr.  Lower's  meagre  article — 
"Twining  —  A  Parish  in  Gloucester- 
shire :** — 

*'  It  seems  in  this  case  as  if  Nature  had  plann'd 
That  names  should  with  callings  agree— 

For  Twining,  the  teaman,  who  lives  in  the  Strand, 
Would  be  >rwiN^,  if  robbed  of  his  7.'* 

An  Addendum,  of  more  than  a  dozen 
pages,  gives  what  Mr.  Lower  styles  *'  a 
highly  carious  list  of  names,"  the  result  of 
the  busy  idleness  of  some  gentlem&n  (now 

4i 


05  4 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Dec. 


d«Toased)  in  ibe  Registrar  General's  Office. 
It  contains  some  8,000  items,  and  many  of 
the  names  are  ladicrous  enough,  but  it  is 
after  all  only  an  improvement  (or  aggra- 
vation) of  the  old  joke  (of  the  time  of 
James  I.  we  believe)  of  the  Huntingdon- 
shire sheriff,  who  had  been  censured  for 
summoning,  on  a  former  occasion,  **  mean 
men,"  and  who  at  the  next  assizes  handed 
in  a  jury  list,  which  was  headed  by  "  Max- 
imilian Emperor,  of  Toseland,"  and  in- 
cluded a  King,  a  Duke,  a  Lord,  &c.,  &a 

Mr.  Lower  anticipates  that  the  study 
of  family  nomenclature  will  in  future  years 
achieve  an  importance  not  dreamt  of  when 
he  commenced  his  studies,  and  he  is  most 
anxious  that  his  claim,  as  "having  been 
the  first,  since  the  illustrious  Camden,  who 
attempted  to  reduce  them  to  method," 
may  be  allowed  on  all  hands.  We  have 
no  wish  that  it  should  be  otherwise,  but 
ere  we  part  with  him  we  must  make  the 
remark,  that  the  more  widely  the  "  more 
elaborate  productions"  which  he  alludes  to 
depart  from  his  plan  and  mode  of  execu- 
tion, BO  much  the  more  ample  is  likely  to 
be  the  measure  of  their  success. 


Primer  of  the  Art  of  Illumination^ 
for  the  U$e  of  Beginnert,  By  P.  Db- 
LAMOTTE.  (E.  and  F.  N.  Spon.)  —  We 
liave  examined  this  work  with  much 
satisfaction.  Its  author  is  evidently  quite 
equal  to  his  subject,  and  he  has  done  well 
what  he  proposed  to  do.  He  modestly 
says  that  his  book  "  contains  just  so  much 
instruction  on  the  history  and  principles 
of  the  art,  as  may  serve  to  fix  on  certain 
deHiiite  bases  the  wandering  and  some- 
what hazy  notions  of  people  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  enable  them,  by  reference  to  good 
examples,  to  erect  their  own  superstruc- 
ture on  a  certain  foundation ;  and  just  so 
much  instruction  in  the  practical  part  of 
the  art  as  may  enable  them,  in  a  great 
measure,  to  teach  themselves  how  to  prac- 
tirie  it."  Tbe  exumples  given  are  some 
tliirty  illuminated  MSS.  in  the  British 
Museum,  selected  with  sound  judgment, 
and  the  plates  are  twenty  in  number, 
twelve  of  them  highly  finished  in  gold  and 
colours,  and  the  remainder  outlines  of  the 
same  for  practice.    No   one  acquainted 


with  illuminated  IfSS.  will  ezpeei  that 
the  work  of  tbe  printing  iirw  and  the 
coloorist  of  tbe  pretent  day  can  rival  tbe 
'*  Hours"  of  St  Louii  or  of  Anne  of  Bri- 
tanny ;  their  glowing  beantAes,  it  appeui^ 
are  not  attainable,  bat  oertainlj  Mr.  De* 
kmotte's  reproductions  are  tome  of tbeveiy 
best  that  we  have  aeeUy  and  are  higblf 
creditable  to  him. 

We  observe  that  he  also  it  the  author  of 
The  Book  of  Ornamentai  AlpkabeU,  and 
The  Emhroidereff'9  Book  qfJDetiffm^  boU 
of  which  may  be  etndied  with  mudi  ad- 
vantage, either  separately,  or  aa  helps  to 
the  more  ready  apprdiendon  of  the  rudi- 
ments of  the  art  of  illamination.  Thej  ai« 
tasteful  and  saggestive. 


TheM%norPropket9,fffUka  Cdmmeaiaff 
Explanatory  and  BraeHeai,  amd  Inir^- 
ductions  to  the  aeveral  JSook*.  By  tbe 
Rev.  E.  B.  PusKT,  D.D.,  Regini  Profc«ur 
of  Hebrew,  and  Caoon  of  Chriit  Chon^ 
Part  I.  Hoiea,  Joel — Introductloii.  (Ptf  • 
kers,  Deighton  and  Co.,  Riyington.)— TW 
name  of  Dr.  Posey  is  in  itself  Miflldent  to 
attract  to  this  portion  of  «*  The  Holy  Biblf, 
with  a  Commentary,  by  dergymen  of  tbe 
Church  of  England,"  a  large  ehare  of  at- 
tention, and  accordiiigly  we  are  not  sor- 
prised  to  see  "Second  Thonaand"  on  the 
title-page,  or  to  learn  that  the  imprcsrioa 
is  well-nigh  ezbaosted,  though  4ta  Com- 
mentaries are,  as  a  rule,  slow-wUiiy  books. 
It  is  not  omr  intention  to  enter  into  aay 
criticism  of  the  work — rach  an  nndertakii^ 
is  altogether  foreign  to  the  nature  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magizihi^  but  we  haw 
been  struck  by  a  brief  note  which  appean 
on  a  fly  leaf  at  tbe  end  of  the  part,  and 
we  thiiik  we  do  but  right  to  g^ve  it  mrh 
Airther  publicity  as  ii  in  our  poww: 

*'  It  will  interest  some  to  know  that  the 
whole  of  the  printing  of  the  prvcMUng 
pages  (except  tbe  working  off,  which  k 
a  distinct  trade)  was  esecnted  faj  wowau 
[at  the  Prionr  pree^  Bradlbid-on-Avfln.] 
The  trial  has  been  going  on  for  five  jein» 
during  which  the  booke  or  aennoiM^  winch 
the  writer  has  publiahed  or  fCfrabUsbid, 
have  been  printed  at  the  vnm  of  tbe 
Devonport  Society.  ITw  nniCrtakinif  M 
many  difficnltiet  at  flnt;  a  good  deal  of 
experience  had  to  be  g^aed  hi » irark  » 


1860,] 


The  Minor  Prophets. 


655 


foreign  to  the  occupation  of  Ladies,  The 
difficulties  have  been  surmounted  by  the 
tliougbtful  care  and  practical  wisdom  which 
have  characterized  the  plans  of  the  Foun- 
dress of  that  Society.  A  number  of  young 
women,  of  good  character,  who  came  out 
of  poverty,  want,  and  ignorance,  are  now 
living  happy  in  this  employment.  The 
nature  of  the  present  work,  which,  in  all 
its  circumstances,  has  been  such  as  to  test 
a  good  printer,  is  a  sufficient  guarantee, 
that  women  can  execute  every  part  of 
printing,  just  as  well  and  at  less  cost  than 
men.  Another  suitable  and  remunerative 
employment  has  thus  been  found  for  female 
hands  in  our  great  towns,  if  but  due  care 
is  taken  by  those  who  shall  adopt  or  ex- 
tend the  plan  thus  happily  begun.  The 
plan  has  succeeded  in  the  United  States, 
where  it  is  said  that  most  of  the  "  Com- 
posing" is  done  by  women.  Such  printing 
as,  in  our  artificial  state  of  society,  re- 
quires "  nightwork,"  (such  as  Newspapers,) 
liad  obviously  better  be  done  by  men. 
Else  there  is  no  kind  of  printing  which 
women  cannot  execute  as  skilfully,  remu- 
neratively to  themselves,  and  less  expen- 
sively." 

"  Easter,  \^m,  «E.  B.  P." 


Researches  into  the  Religtons  of  Syria  ; 
or.  Sketches,  Historical  and  Doctrinal, 
of  its  Religious  Sects,  Drawn  from 
Origmal  Sources.  By  the  Rev.  John 
WoETABET,  M.D.,  Missionary  of  the 
United  l*re8byterian  Church  of  Scotland 
to  Aleppo,  Syria.  (Nisbet  and  Co.) — It 
is  a  very  natural  curiosity  that  leads  men 
to  desire  to  know  something  of  the  reli- 
gions of  so  renowned  a  land  as  Syria,  and 
therefore  this  book  will  no  doubt  find 
many  readers.  The  author  is  a  Syrian, 
and  so  speaks  with  a  certain  degree  of  in- 
timacy and  authority  on  some  points,  but 
on  the  other  hand  he  has  a  very  strong 
bias,  to  say  the  least,  to  one  particular 
system,  which  makes  it  hard  for  him  to 
be  quite  just  and  impartial.  His  avowed 
design  is  to  "  expose  the  utter  corruption 
of  the  Oriental  Churches,"  and  we  know 
the  lengths  to  which  such  a  theme  has 
carried  even  profoundly  learned  men  before 
now. 

Protestantism  in  Syria,  we  learn,  is  in- 
debted principally  to  the  American  mis- 
sionuries,  who  greatly  outnumber  all  the 
rest.     Mr.  Wortabct   speaks  thus  highly 


of  them  in  a  passage  which  we  quote  as 
a  fair  sample  of  the  tone  of  the  work  : — 

"  They  took  the  field  earlier  than  all 
others;  they  maintained  their  ground 
often  under  circumstances  of  an  aidverso 
character ;  the  means  of  men  and  money 
expended  by  them  are  comparatively  very 
large;  the  resources  of  all  kinds  which 
time  has  brought  under  their  command 
are  many  and  highly  important;  the 
policy  which  they  have  followed,  and  the 
measures  which  they  have  used,  have  been 
generally  wise  and  effective;  the  press 
which  they  early  established,  the  good 
command  of  the  Arabic  language  which 
they  acquired,  and  the  uniform  faithful- 
ness and  zeal  which  they  displayed,  are 
matters  of  no  small  consideration;  and, 
lastly,  their  success  has  been  perhaps  wider 
in  extent  and  more  solid  in  character 
than  has  attended  the  labours  of  others. 
It  is  not  the  object  of  this  chapter,  nor  is 
this  the  place,  to  ofier  a  panegyric  on  the 
character  of  the  American  missionaries; 
but  in  this  sketch  of  Protestantism  in 
Syria  we  cannot  do  any  justice  to  our 
subject  without  a  constant  reference  to 
the  actors  whom  it  has  pleased  God  to 
employ  in  this  work. 

"  Their  first  missionary  to  Syria  landed 
at  Jafi'a  in  the  beginning  of  1821.  Ho 
was  soon  followed  by  others.  The  mis- 
sionaries, few  in  number  and  young  in  ex- 
perience, were  harassed  for  several  years 
with  all  the  annoyances,  anxieties,  and 
discouragements  which  generally  meet 
those  who  enter  on  a  new  enterprise. 
Evil  and  fldse  reports,  which  even  at  the 
present  time  gain  credence  with  some  of 
the  simple  who  are  still  under  the  yoke  of 
cunning  and  ambitious  priests,  were  circu- 
lated about  them  and  their  futh  by  the 
hostile  clergy.  For  instance,  it  was  re- 
ported that  they  bought  men  to  their  creed 
with  money  ;  that  ten  piastres  was  the  or- 
dinary price  of  one  soul,  but  that  this  sum 
was  so  charmed  by  the  power  of  the  Evil 
One  that  it  was  incapable  of  exhaustion ; 
that  they  confessed  their  sins  on  the  tops  of 
houses ;  that  they  shot  their  sins  to  heaven 
with  common  guns;  that  they  worshipped 
the  devil;  and  other  like  absurdities, 
which,  however,  exerted  at  that  time 
a  strong  repelling  influence  on  the  minds 
of  many.  The  hostile  state  of  the  country 
at  that  period  often  broke  up  their  sta- 
tions and  interfered  with  their  work ;  and 
the  Maronite  clergy,  having  due  instruc- 
tions on  that  point  from  Rome,  plied  all 
their  art  and  power  for  the  expulsion  of 
the  missionaries  from  the  land.  It  was 
about  this  period  that  one  of  their  learned 


656 


UrisceUaneous  Reviews. 


c 


r 

^ 


young  men  was  bronpht  to  the  knowlwlpfc 
of  JiSiw,  and  died  a  martyr  to  the  truth 
by  the  hands  of  the  highest  dignitjirics  of 
the  Maronite  Cliurch.  After  a  long  con- 
finement in  the  loiitliBome  prison  of  a  con- 
vent, fed  on  a  scanty  allow-ance  of  bread 
and  water,  and  pcrhap  beaten,  it  is  said 
tliat  ^Vsaad  Esh-Shidiuk  closed  his  life, 
jxiisoned  by  the  order  of  tlu5  Kmccr 
Beshir."— (lip.  358—361.) 

We  decline  to  follow  Mr.  Wortabct  in 
his  somewhat  questionable  details  on  tliis 
and  similar  matters,  which  exhibit  his 
follow  Christians  as  worse  than  Moham- 
nicdans;  but  we  will  borrow  from  him 
A  statement  as  to  the  numbers  and  posi- 
lions  of  the  different  sects,  whidi  may 
V)  of  ufto  for  reference  to  the  reader  of 
the  ncwsjmjier  deUiils  of  passing  events 
m  Syria: — 

"  It  may  be  proper  to  give  the  reader 
a  general  view  of  tlui  geographical  distri- 
bution of  the  religious  element  in  Syria. 
The  (in»ek  Church  predominates  over  the 
other  Clhristian  sects  in  Tripoli,  Ueyrout, 
Nazareth,  and  Wjidy  el  Taym;  the  (Ireek 
Catholic  in  Damascus,  Ale[)po,  Sidon  and 
Tyre  ;  while  the  Manmites  inhabit  exclu- 
sively the  w1m)1«5  of  tlK)  Kesrawan,  with 
many  of  them  (jn  the  Ijcbanon,  and  a  few 
here  and  there  throujihout  the  country. 
The  Dnwes  are  almoHt  limited  to  the 
Ti«'banon,  Wady  el  Taym,  and  the  Uauran. 
The  MetawiU'h  occupy  liolad  v\  Shukeif, 
Hcshara,  Akkar,  and  Haallxw.  The  moun- 
tains of  Kl  Xuj»:iiriyeh  extend  northwanl 
from  Akkar  to  Tarsus.  The  ehief  Mtrength 
of  the  Moliammrdans  is  in  the  citieM'— 
but,  forming  at  least  one-half  of  the  popu- 
lation, they  are  found  throughout  the 
whole  countrv.  The  numbers  of  the 
various  m>cts,  as  far  as  cin  bu  made  out 
by  a  rough  estimate,  are  as  follows  :— 
(Jroek  Ch.irch,  luO.CMX);  Greek  Catholic, 
5U,(J4.H);  Maronitcs,  2(H.>,00();  Dnizes, 
B(MHH);  JcwH,3(UH)();  Metawileli,  80,{)tK>; 
Nusiiiriych,  2()UW0;  Mohammwlans, 
7r>(),<.K)6 ;  tlie  whole  populati<m  of  Syria 
being  thus  al)out  one  milUon  aud  a  lialf." 
— (pp.  viii.,  ix.) 


JTt/m)M  for  Piihfic  Worship,  Selected 
and  arrant/ai  hif  ABTiim  WoLFB,  Fellow 
and  Tut4>r  of  Clare  College,  Cambridge. 
(Macmillan  and  Co.) — We  leani  fnmi  tlw 
preface,  that  this  is  a  M^lediim  from  some 
20,00()  hymns,  a  formidable  numlxT  truly; 
but  many  of  these  are,  Mr.  Wolfe  says, 
merely  *•  [»rayers  in  metre,"  whilt^t  lie  cou- 


ccivefl  the  tmo  office  of  the  hymn 
praise.  Acting  on  tbii  principle,  I 
■elected  350,  free,  as  he  mBcrts^  Ire 
"sectariRD  bias" — giving  fbnr  for 
Snnday  and  principRl  feiiiTa],  and 
abo  for  schools  and  family  wonbip.  A 
the  writers  we  perceive  WRttt^  M 
AVhitfield,  Tophidy  and  I>oddric}>^, 
per,  and  Newton — a  list  harcBy  recon< 
with  the  above  assertion. 


The  jfpottUs  and  ike  Offhiory,  i 
•«  Fellowship"  of  Acts  li.  42.  A  S 
preached  before  the  University  of  0 
by  H.  E.  Tweed,  M.A^  FcHoir  of 
and  late  Scholar  of  Trinity  Concfrc. 
ford  and  London :  J.  H.  and  Jas.  Pi 
— This  is  a  thoaghtftil  discourse, 
suited  to  the  learned  body  addrasc 
taming,  as  it  docs,  on  a  qnestioii  of 
verbal  criticism,  its  argmncnt  in  1 
of  "  the  restorntion  everywhere  of  a 
cffirent  offertory  on  the  model  of 
of  tTerusalem,  Oalatia,  Macedonis 
Achaia,"  seems  hardly  likely  to 
much  impression  in  other  qoarters. 


Oxford  Poekei  Clouted,  (Park( 
Tlic  most  recent  issue  of  this  osefnl 
is  liooks  XXI.  to  XXIV.  of  Livy. 
text  is  that  of  Jena,  1841,  and  shrar 
lish  notcM  arc  appended,  which  g 
murii  assistance  as  is  desirable  f 
S(>hooll)oy  who  is  meant  to  fairly  ^ 
his  author.  Dcside  these,  there  ia  i 
condensed  notice  of  Csrthage,  a  utM 
of  the  progress,  year  by  year,  of  ] 
dominion  between  the  first  and 
Punic  wars,  and  a  smnmaiy  of  chro 
for  the  same  period. 


Adranced  Tejct-book  of  O^aic^^ 
gcripdve  and  IndmttrioL  By 
Page,  F.O.S.  (Blackwoods.)— We 
this  second  edition  of  a  very  naelU 
as  an  instance  where  the  worda  "  II 
and  Enlarged,"  which  appear  on  it 
page,  have  a  real  meaning.  Additi 
a  distinct  type,  npiienr  in  almost 
page,  which  embrace  everything  n 
important  in  the  sdenoe,  and  ke 
work  abreast  with  the  latest  diac 
and  the  advancing  views  of  our  1 


/• 


I860.] 


The  Birthday  Souvenir. 


657 


geologists.  Several  new  illustrations  are 
given,  and  the  principles  as  well  as  the 
deductions  of  geology  are  more  fully  stated 
than  heretofore.  Very  great  additional 
value  is  thus  given  to  the  work,  hut  by 
painstaking  arrangement  it  is  still  kept 
within  the  limits  of  a  compendious  text- 
book. 


LecUires  delivered  at  Croshy  Sally  at 
the  Meetings  of  the  Evening  Classes  for 
Young  Men,  By  the  Rev.  T.  H.  BULLOCK, 
M.A.,  sometime  Fellow  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge.  (London:  West.) — Lord  Bo- 
lingbroke  and  Edmund  Burke  pass  before 
us  in  these  lectures,  and  are,  to  our  mind, 
far  too  favourably  estimated ;  but  Dryden 
and  Crabbe  are  more  truthfully  sketched. 
Windsor  Castle  is  pleasantly  treated,  and 
a  suflficient  insight  given  of  its  history  to 
make  a  visit  to  it  all  the  more  agreeable. 
Tlie  series  concludes  with  a  lecture  on 
"  Wise  Saws  and  Modem  lustances," 
which,  from  a  kind  of  heavy  jocosity,  is 
much  the  least  pleasing  of  the  whole.  We 
make  no  doubt  the  lectures  passed  off 
very  well,  but  we  think  their  author 
would  have  done  wisely  to  rest  content 
with  applause  at  Crosby  Hall,  and  not  to 
challenge  examination  from  a  more  cri- 
tical audience  than  he  met  with  there. 


The  Elements  of  Banking:  with  Ten 
Minutes*  Advi/^e  about  Keeping  a  Banker, 
By  J.  W.  GiLBART,  F.R.S.  Fourth  Edi- 
tion. (Longmans.) — The  near  approach  of 
Christmas,  with  all  its  financial  arrange- 
ments, has  probably  induced  the  new  issue 
of  this  well-known  and  useful  little  treatise. 
INIr.  GKlbart,  as  our  readers  are  probably 
aware,  has  recently  retired  from  the 
management  of  the  London  Joint-Stock 
Bank,  and  he  has  added  to  this  new 
edition  a  large  number  of  reviews,  tes- 
tiinonialfl,  &c.,  all  bearing  unexception- 
able evidence  of  his  high  deserts  both 
as  a  writer  and  a  man  of  business,  and 
showing  also  that  he  has  been  more 
fortunate  than  many  other  excellent  men, 
in  having  his  worth  duly  appreciated 
while  be  is  still  in  the  land  of  the  living. 


Speeches  in  Parliament  and  some  Mis- 
cellaneous Pamphlets  of  the  late  Henrg 
Drummond,  Esq,  Edited  by  Lord 
LovAiNE.  (Bosworth  and  Harrison.)  — 
We  must  confess  that  we  do  not  see  the 
need  for  this  pubUcation.  Mr.  Drum- 
mond was  known  aa  a  man  equally  ec- 
centric and  honest.  We  will  not  say  any- 
thing of  his  religious  views,  as  they  are 
not  brought  prominently  forward,  but  his 
utter  intolerance  of  any  opinions  but  his 
own — his  random  attacks  on  everything 
and  everybody,  and  his  equal  readiness  to 
defend  any  of  them  if  assailed  by  any  one 
else — are  well  known  to  the  ordinary  news- 
paper reader,  and  having  irimished  a  little 
passing  amusement,  they  might  very  well 
have  been  allowed  quietly  to  drop  out  of 
recollection.  The  Editor  is  a  connexion 
by  marriage  of  the  deceased,  and  no  doubt 
speaks  truly,  from  personal  observation,  of 
his  private  character,  but  he  must  not  ex- 
pect to  meet  anything  like  general  acqui- 
escence in  his  estimate  of  his  friend,  as 
"  the  one  man  of  genius  and  virtue,"  the 
sole  redeeming  feature  of  thiil  degenerate 
nineteenth  century. 


The  Birthday  Souvenir,  a  Booh  of 
Thoughts  on  Life  and  Immortality,  Ulumi' 
nated  by  Samuel  Stakesbt.  (London: 
Griffith  and  Farren.)  —We  noticed  about 
this  time  last  year  "  Shakespeare's  House- 
hold Words,"  one  of  the  illuminated  works 
by  Mr.  Stanesby,  in  which  he  has  displayed 
great  taste,  both  literary  and  artistic.  We 
can  but  say  the  same  of  this,  his  most  re- 
cent publication,  which  really  is  deserving 
of  warm  commendation.  The  selections 
are  from  the  best  writers,  and  we  are  glad 
to  see  several  striking  passages  from  Holy 
Writ,  well  calculated  to  inspire  suitable 
thoughts  on  the  anniversary  of  our  en- 
trance into  the  world.  The  illuminations 
are  admirably  designed,  and  the  way  in 
which  they  are  coloured,  and  heightened 
with  gold,  is  equal  to  anything  that  we 
have  seen  of  late,  and  almost  inclines  us 
to  think  that  a  nearer  approach  will 
eventually  be  made  to  ancient  excellence 
in  this  branch  of  decorative  art  than  we 
once  thought  probable.  As  to  the  exte- 
rior of  the  book,  it  is  very  attractive,  and 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[ 


■hincs  in  delicate  green  and  gold.     Hajipy 

ma;  thoM  young  peoplu  ctiteein  themaelvea 
wlio  have  friendi  to  preacat  them  with  w 
c1<^Dt  a  Birthday  SoDvenir. 

Slkipvrreckt  and  Adventurei  at  Sea, 
(Christian  Knowledge  Socictj.)— TUia  book 
containi  twenty  narraUves  of  maritime 
disaster,  which  have  been  selected  with  a 
very  praiaeworthy  olgect,  that  of  shewing 
the  importance  of  discipline,  courage,  and 
quiet  self-possesaion  in  the  liour  of  danger. 
All  t]i«  more  memorable  shipwreckB  of  late 
years  are  here  recorded,  as  of  the  "  Fur- 
larehirc,"  with  which  the  name  of  Grace 
Darling  is  connected j  the  "Tweed,"  the 
"Amazon,"  the  "Birkenhead,"  the  "Taj- 
leor,"  and  the  "  Hoyal  Charter."  We 
have  alao  the  narratives  of  the  loes  of  the 
"Atalauto,"  aiid  the  "Aleestc,"  men-of- 
war,  in  which  the  value  of  discipline  and 
obcdicnco  was  fully  shewn  j  and  the  com- 
piler docs  not  neglect  to  draw  the  follow- 
ing nsfful  mcral  from  tlie  events  that  he 
lias  put  together  in  a  cheap  and  convenient 

"  Tjot  it  not  be  snppoaed  that  these 
qualities  nro  luefbl  only  to  the  Moman ; 
the  nmn  who  has  nevor  seen  t1ie  sea  may 
ahipwreclt  his  fortunes  if  he  fail  to  exercise 
them  when  their  exercise  is  demanded. 
He  who  has  a  firm  trust  in  Qod,  he  who, 
with  a  conscience  void  of  otTence,  can  leove 
the  direction  of  all  things  iu  the  hands  of 
llim  who  rules  tlie  destinies  of  His  crea- 
ture* alike  on  sea  aud  land — he  it  is  who 
is  heat  Hltcil  to  confront  danger  of  euy 


general  safety,  his  faith  and  confidence  in 
a  Father's  love  and  care  will  enable  him 
to  accept  the  result  without  a  mormur." 

BritUhBviUrJtieii  BtaWtttU.  (Chri*- 
tian  Knowledge  Society.) — Though  pub- 
lished at  riither  an  inop|)ortane  season, — 
that  is,  if  (as  we  presume)  this  is  their 
first  appearance, — those  two  pretty  little 
books  are  iccoptable,  as  helps  to  the  in- 
telligent nbservittion  of  oljecta  that  too 
often  arc  regarded  with  listless  eyes. 
Aliout  thirty  hatterflies,  and  more  tlian 
twice  as  many  kinds  of  lea-weedB,  ore  de- 
picted; brief  dcM.'ription  of  eacliaro  given. 


and  the  plates  are  infflineiitlj  (rail  on 
to  enable  any  one  with  otdinarj  o 
identify  the  originals  if  thej  ahonld 
in  his  way.  The  Bta  WmiI*  bes 
initials  "  C  A.  J.,"  and  ftam  the  st 
a  few  pleasant  remadl  oo  tbo  atm 
and  its  vegetation,  we  believe  we  >je 
in  ascribing  the  book  to  the  well-l 
writer  of  "  Flowers  of  the  Field," 
tanical  Ramhlea,"  &C. 

ChriMtma*  Booit^-Uxmm.  Qriffil 
Farren  are  early  in  the  field  with 
atttacljve  work*  far  thmr  jnveDilo  fi 
Firvt  comes  a  thin  bix^  lalled 
Bvamgt ;  or,  Sloriat  Jor  mg 
FrUitdi,  which  ought  to  become 
vonrite  in  the  nonery,  and  will 
long  evenings  short.  Then  we  have 
thing  for  Ghildren  of  larger  powth, 
as  their  tastes  incline,  maj  either  o 
themselves  with  Tht  Illmtratad 
Model  MaJter,  in  which  Mr.  Lendel 
author  of  "The  Boy's  and  Girl'B 
Toymaker,"  tells  them  how  to  eon 
anything  they  may  dealre  in  paper, 
a  rabbit -hutch  to  that  not  very  i 
specimen  of  arehitectnre.  the  gat«< 
St.  James'  Palace ;  or  they  ma;  m 
themselves  in  f\nrj  Laud,  andc 
gnidance  of  aareral  membeta  of  Un 
family ;  or  if  they  prefer  tlia  excib 
of  foreign  nenes,  they  may  fultr 
fortunes  of  a  boy  and  gir^  Lott  is 
Ion,  DT  make  aoquaintanoe  with 
in  company  with  Ridpk  Btahrookt, 
story  in  both  abounds  with  atrang 
startling   adventures,   but  that    wi 


pier  while  tboM  who  d^re  to  I 
stmcted  m  well  as  amneed.  ma* 
turn  to  Septnu't  Sarot  i  or,  n* 
Kiiigi  of  Ei^land,  tat  really  weU  w 
sketdiea  of  some  thirty  naval  w« 
from  Sir  John  Hawkina  to  Sir 
Franklin — a  theme  that  never  wil 
on  the  youtUhl  ear.  The  anther  I 
dently  well  acquainted  with  hia  m 
and  he  has  therelbra  muiagid  to 


would  make  a  very 
a  much  larger  volame. 


•^ 


18G0.] 


659 


BIRTHS. 


July  14.  At  the  Otoraalato  Station,  Otago, 
New  Zealand,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Andrew, 
M.A.,  a  son. 

Aug.  30.  At  Nelson,  New  Zealand,  Mrs.  Edm. 
IIobhoaHe,  wife  of  the  Bp.  of  Nelson,  a  son. 

Sept.  5.  At  Rawul  Findee,  East  Indies,  the 
wife  of  Major  Gildea,  H.M.*s  Slst  Regt.,  a  son. 

Sept.  11.  At  sea,  400  miles  from  Melbourne, 
the  wife  of  Capt.  W.  L.  Staniforth,  K.N.,  a  son. 

Sept.  14.  At  Norwich,  the  wife  of  John  Bran- 
dram  Morgan,  esq.,  a  son. 

Sept.  17.  At  Poonah,  Bombay,  the  Baroness 
de  Hochepied-Larpent,  a  son. 

Sept.  30.  At  Nuwera  Ellia,  Ceylon,  Lady 
Creasy,  a  son. 

Oct.  1.  At  Roorkee,  N.W.  ProTinces  of  India, 
the  wife  of  Capt.  Robert  Maclagan,  Bengal 
Engineers,  Principal  of  Thomason  College,  a  son. 

At  Kandy,  Ceylon,  the  wife  of  A.  Oswald  Brodle, 
esq.,  of  the  Ceylon  Civil  Service,  a  dau. 

Oct.  11.  At  Ootacamund,  the  wife  of  lieut.- 
Col.  Pears,  a  dau. 

Oct.  12.  At  Lethim,  Roxburghshire,  Mrs.  Bob- 
son  Scott,  a  dau. 

Oct.  13.  In  Westboume-terrace,  the  wife  of 
Francis  Morgan  Nichols,  esq.,  a  son. 

Oct.  16.  At  Lea-haU,  Warwickshire,  the  wife 
of  Thomas  Colmore,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  York,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Frank 
Bugden,  a  son. 

Oct.  17.  At  Redville,  Swindon,  the  wife  of 
Ilcnrj'  Kinneir,  esq.,  a  son. 

In  Johnstone-st.,  Bath,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
C.  G.  Buskerville,  a  son. 

At  Damerham,  Wilts,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  £. 
8.  Venn,  a  son. 

Oct.  18.  At  Lodsworth,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Leopold  Stanley  Clarke,  a  dau. 

At  Street-gate,  near  Dartmouth,  the  wife  of 
Henry  L.  Toll,  esq.,  a  son. 

Oct.  19.  At  Ellastone,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Sir  C.  R.  Leighton,  hart.,  a  son. 

At  the  Roo8t,  Gosforth,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Allen  Charlton,  a  son  and  heir. 

Oct.  21.  The  Lady  Chas.  Pelham-Clinton,  a  son. 

At  Tyddyn-Helen,  Carnarvon,  the  wife  of  John 
Ilutton,  esq.,  a  still-born  son. 

Oct.  22.  At  Rutland-gate,  S.W.,  Viscountess 
Bury,  a  dau.,  still-bom. 

At  Heworth  Croft,  near  York,  the  wife  of 
Henry  J.  Ware,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  New-hall,  Darfield,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of 
Charles  Gorton,  esq.,  a  duu. 

At  St.  Marychurch,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Mason  Cox,  a  dau. 

At  Cavendish-place,  Cavendish-eq.,  the  wife 
of  Alfred  Meadows,  M.D.,  a  dau. 

Oct.  23.  At  Canwick-hall,  near  Lincoln,  the 
wife  of  Major  Waldo  Sibthorp,  M.P.,  a  son. 

At  Mitcham,  the  wife  of  Knightley  Howman, 
esq.,  a  son. 


At  Bowden,  the  wife  of  W.  R.  Crltchley,  esq., 
a  dau. 

Oct.  25.  At  Easthourne-terr.,  the  wife  of  M.  le 
Comte  de  Marchizio,  a  dau. 

At  Clifton,  near  York,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Estcourt  Harrison,  a  dau. 

At  Dringhouses,  York,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Gilbert  H.  Philips,  a  son. 

At  Wootton,  Somerset,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Hood, 
R.N.,  a  dau. 

Oct.  27.  At  Fulford-hall,  near  York,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Prebton,  of  Warcop-hall,  Pen- 
rith, a  dau. 

Oct.  28.  At  Wilton-crescent,  Lady  Emma  Tol- 
lemache,  a  son. 

At  Croydon,  the  wife  of  Wildman  Cattley,  esq., 
a  son. 

Oct.  29.  At  the  Cloisters,  Windsor,  the  wife 
of  Dr.  George  Elvey,  a  dau. 

At  the  Grange,  Hoddesdon,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  C.  G.  Chittenden,  a  son. 

AtBarden-park,  Tonbridge,  the  wife  of  Edwin 
Martin,  esq.,  a  son  and  heir. 

In  Chester-sq.,  the  wife  of  John  Balguy,  esq., 
of  Duffleld,  near  Derby,  a  son. 

Qct.  80.  In  Park-st.,  Grosvenor-eq.,  the  Hon. 
Lady  St.  John  Mildmay,  a  son. 

At  Clifton  Hampden,  Oxon,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Leighton  Fanshawe,  a  son. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Holywell,  Flintshire,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Canon  Jones,  a  son. 

At  Rome,  the  Baroness  Rosalie  de  Riederer, 
only  surviving  dau.  of  CoL  Sir  William  Davison, 
a  son. 

Oct.  31.  At  Cotgrave  Rectory,  near  Notting- 
ham, the  wife  of  Uie  Rev.  Evelyn  H.  Harcourt- 
Vemon,  a  son. 

At  Bath,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  H. 
M.  Monckton,  3rd  Light  Dragocms,  a  son. 

At  Halstead,  Essex,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Philip 
Gurdon,  a  son. 

Nov.  1.  At  St.  Andrew's  Rectory,  Holbom, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  Blunt,  a  son. 

In  Porchester-eq.,  W.,  the  wife  of  Stafford 
Somerville,  esq.,  a  son. 

Nov.  2.    At  Beechwood,  Helensburgh,  Dum- 
bartonshire, the  wife  of  Lieut. -Ool.  Meares,  a  dau. 
At  Richmond,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  Edward 
Hertslet,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Bathford,  the  wife  of  Lient.-Col.  Younger, 
a  son. 

Nov.  8.  In  Saekville-st.,  Piccadilly,  the  wife 
of  M^jor  George  T.  Field,  Royal  Artillery,  a  son, 
which  survived  its  birth  only  a  few  hours. 

At  Abbot's  Barton,  near  Winchester,  the  wife 
of  W.  Barrow  Simonds,  esq.,  a  dau. 

Nov,  4.  At  the  Vicarage,  Montaoute,  Somer- 
set, the  wife  of  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Oooden,  a  son. 

At  the  residence  of  her  father,  Weymouth,  the 
wife  of  Philip  Heatly  DouglaSt  ««l-t  Capt.  Ist 
Devon  Militia,  a  dau. 


GGO 


liirtlis. 


[Dec. 


At  llothiim-hall,   Yorkbhirc,  the  wife  of  E. 
Ward  Fox,  e«i.,  a  dan. 

Nor.  5.  At  Park-liill-hou»e,  Cliipliain,  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  August U8  Ijune-Fox,  a  son. 

At  Dallinjcton  Vicarage,  Suh»cx,  the  wife  of 
the  llev.  ll»li»h  Kaisbcck  Tathani,  a  son. 

Hoc.  6.  At  Wrotham-park,  the  Countess  of 
Strafford,  a  dau. 

At  Southwick-crescent,  the  wife  of  Money 
Wijo^ara,  jun.,  e»Mi.,  a  son. 

In  Ilertford-Ht.,  Mayfair,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
George  Guiiifonl,  a  son. 

At  Heath-tcrr.,  Went  Brorawich,  Staffordshire, 
Uie  wife  of  the  Itcv.  K.  G.  Fish,  a  duu. 

Kov.  7.  At  Farnham,  Surrey,  the  wife  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Patrick  L.  C.  Paget,  Utte  Scot*  Fusi- 
lier Guards,  a  duu. 

At  Fareham,  Hants,  the  wife  of  the  Rcr.  W. 
S.  Dumerque,  a  son. 

At  UalliiiKry,  Fife,  the  wife  of  the  licv.  James 
Pennell,  a  dau. 

At  Ley  ton,  Eshcx,  the  wife  of  Edward  Mastcr- 
nian,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Trenlcy-houHC,  Mannamcad,  Plymouth,  the 
wife  of  Stephen  Usticke  NowcU-Ustieke,  esq., 

a  duu. 

Koc.  8.  In  Westhoume-crcs.,  the  wife  of  J. 
R,  Wigram,  esq.,  of  Northlands,  Wilts,  a  dau. 

At  the  Uirchcs,  Stroud,  Gloucestershire,  the 
wife  of  LImlsey  W.  Winterbothum,  esq.,  a  son. 

At  Chatham,  the  wife  of  F.  W.  Thomas,  esq., 
Iii(>utcnunt  and  Adjutant  Koyal  Marines  Light 
Infantry,  a  dau. 

At  ShipHton-on-Stour,  the  wife  of  thcBev.  W. 
11.  llavertield,  a  son. 

At  Torquay,  the  wife  of  Alfred  Valdry,  esq., 

A  dau. 

Aur.  ».  At  Claugh ton-range,  Birkenhead,  the 
wife  uf  Daniel  Pilkington,  ehq.,  a  son. 

At  Ald1>orough-nianor,  the  wife  of  Andrew  S. 
Laws«>n,  e^q.,  a  Min. 

yov.  10.  In  Ifanchestor-st.,  Manchester-sq., 
(he  wife  of  the  Uev.  U.  lUchurdson,  a  dau. 

At  Pasture-house,  near  Northallerton,  the  wife 
of  Charles  llopkinson,  esq.,  a  son. 

A'or.  11.  At  Westbere-house,  near  Canterbury, 
Mrs  G.  .\.  Young,  a  dau. 

The  wife  of  Willett  L.  Adyc,  esq.,  of  Mcrly, 
Dor!*et,  a  son. 

Sor.  12.  In  Bcrkeley-sq.,  Lady  Wenlock, 
a  Hon. 

At  Mcrton-lo<lge,  Putney,  the  wife  of  BcnJ. 
Wright,  esq.,  a  son. 

Nov.  13.  In  Eaton-place,  Viscountess  Ingestro, 
a  so'i  and  heir. 

At  Parhani,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Curxon,  a  dau. 

At  Norton,  near  Multon,  the  wife  of  Mr.  John 
.Smith,  Green-lane,  a  stm. 

At  A!! on,  Hants,  the  wiie  of  Louis  Leslie,  esq., 
M.l'  .a  Uau. 

.\i  the  Cottage,  Burton  Constable,  the  wife  of 
Stephen  Ortavius  Jay,  esq.,  a  dau. 

At  Kxeter,  the  wife  of  John  Eyre  Kingdon, 
CM].,  jun.,  a  son. 

At  Huinburroch,  the  wife  of  R.  Vans  Agnew, 
eM|.,  a  dau. 

At  Witton-))ark,  Lancashire,  the  wife  of  Lieut.- 

11 


Col.  Feilden,  of  Dulas-court,  Ucrefordshire, 
a  dau. 

Nov,  14.  At  Bath,  Lady Theodosia  BailUe.adaa 

At  Farnham  Castle,  iHrcmatorely,  the  wife  o 
the  Iter.  W.  H.  Ridley,  a  dau.,  still-born. 

At  Southampton,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Uamiltoa 
U.M.'s  98th  Regt.,  a  son. 

At  Kirton  Rectory,  the  wife  of  the  Bey.  Pervj 
Croft,  a  son. 

At  Dolston-rise,  the  wife  of  the  Bct.  L.  Cap 
pel,  D.D.,  a  dau. 

At  Hilton,  Bridgnorth,  Shropshire,  the  wife  a 
Lieut.-Col.  Kmythe,  a  dan. 

At  Southampton,  the  wife  of  C«pt.  T.  B. 
Hamilton,  H.M.*s  96th  RegU,  a  son. 

At  Carse-Gray,  Forfarshire,  lira.  Gray,  a  daa 

Koc.  15.  At  Hale,  near  Aldershott,  the  aifi 
of  Rich.  V.  De  Lisle,  esq..  Royal  ArtiUery,  a  daa 

In  Wilton-cres.,  Belgrave-aq.,  the  wife  of  U 
Gillctt  Gridlcy,  esq.,  barrister,  a  toil. 

At  Maisonette,  Claygate,  near  Esher,  Somy, 
the  wife  of  Patrick  Copland,  eoq.,  a  eon. 

At  Dc  Crespigny-park,  Cambcrwell,  the  wiSr 
of  the  BeT.  John  GaTO-Brownc,  Chaplain  of  SL 
Paul's  Cathedral,  Calcatia,  a  aon. 

In  Qucen-sq.,  Weatminster,  the  wife  of  Jobi 
Hall,  esq.,  of  Letterfh«ek,  Gal  way,  a  son. 

At  Bexley-heath,  Kent,  the  wife  of  the  Bcr. 
George  Moriey,  a  daa. 

At  Goldington,  Beds,  the  wife  of  B.  W.  Ark- 
Wright,  esq.,  a  ecm. 

At  Preston,  near  Wl^igham,  Kent,  the  wife  of 
Walter  Gippa,  esq.,  a  dan.,  atillbom. 

At  Chatham,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Uaher,  Royal 
Marines,  a  dau. 

Not.  16.  At  Bamlngham  Rectory,  near  Bnrj 
St.  Edmunds,  the  wife  of  the  Rer.  Wm.  A|rr, 
a  son. 

At  the  Orange,  Cisterton,  Weatmoreland,  the 
wife  of  John  Wylde  Whittell,  esq.,  a  soa. 

In  Eccleston-sq.,  the  wife  of  DaHd  Power, 
esq.,  Q.C.,  a  dan. 

Nift.  17.  In  Unlon-flt.,  Roeheatcr,  the  wif^  uf 
Capt.  Cooper,  7th  Roj-al  FoaiUeni,  a  eon. 

In  Bniton-st.,  the  wife  of  the  Ber.  C.  F  Nor- 
man, Rector  of  Portishead,  a  dan. 

In  Southwick-pl.,  Hyde-park-oq.,  the  wilir  of 
MiO"r  George  Franeis  Stuart,  of  twiaa ;  the  daa. 
only  survived  its  Urth. 

At  Evington-pl.fKent,  Lady  Ronywood,  a  wa. 

Nuf,  18.  At  Elm-baidi,  LoBghan,  near  Wiw* 
borne,  Dorset,  the  wife  of  A.  OiUiat,  caq.,  a  wa. 

In  Ebnry-st.,  the  wife  of  John  F.  CtaUkr,  ei^-. 
barrister-at-luw,  a  dau. 

At  Ilomscy,  the  wife  of  E.  WiUaon  Gkw«, 
esq.,  a  son. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Donicy,  near  Wtadsor,  thr 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Lambert  C  Edwanla,  a  aua. 

At  Tillington  Rectory,  Petworth,  the  wife  ol 
the  Rev.  George  Ridedale,  Viear  of  Booth  Cndke. 
Norfolk,  a  sun. 

Nov.  19.  In  Cambridfe-terr.,  Hyde-pk.,  thi 
lady  of  Col.  Sir  Henry  Jaaei,  Bojal  Enffinecr^ 
a  son. 

In  Charles-st.,  Bcrkeley-aq.,  Lady  Hoalr,  a  ni 
At  Windlesham,  the  wife  of  tha  Ber.  C.  I 
Fendall,  a  mm. 


/ 


I860.] 


661 


MARRIAGES. 


Aiig.  7.  At  Hiniroleer  India,  George  Alex- 
ander Bum,  esq.,  M.D.,  Assistant-Surgeon  2nd 
Cavalry,  Hyderabad  Contingent,  to  Janet  Mari- 
anne Woolsey,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Andrew 
Jameson,  esq.,  of  Daphney-house,  co.  Wt  xford. 

At  Melbourne,  William  Preston  Cobb,  esq.,  of 
Preston-gr  tnge,  Schnapper-point,  Victoria,  to 
Emnva  Mansfield,  dau.  of  the  late  Yen.  Henry 
Jeffreys,  Archdeacon  of  Bombay. 

Aug.  21.  At  Trinity  Church,  Murree,  India, 
Wm.  Varley,  esq.,  7th  Dragoon  Guards,  to 
Mary  Jane  Henrietta,  dau.  of  Hugh  Singleton, 
esq.,  Hazlewood,  co.  Clare. 

Sept.  11.  At  St  Thomas's  Cathedral,  Bombay, 
Henry  Cleveland,  esq.,  to  Eflle  Magdalene,  eldest 
duu.  of  Major  Barrow,  Conunandant  Marine 
Battalion. 

Herbert  Stephen,  fourth  son  of  Henry  Tudor 
Shadforth,  esq.,  of  Barenswood,  Mulgoa,  to 
Miiria  Cornelia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Shad- 
forth, 57th  Rcgt. 

Sept.  12.  At  Port  Louis,  Mauritius,  Lieut. 
Hamilton  Edward  George  Earle,  of  H.M.S. 
"  Persian,"  eldest  son  of  the  late  Commander 
Edw.  Charles  Earle,  R.N.,  to  Katherine,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  G.  Mallet,  Capt.  46th  Regt. 

Sept.  13.  At  Secunderabad,  Deccan,  Charles 
Waymouth,  Capt.  17th  Lancers,  to  Annie  Frances, 
eldest  dau.  of  Major-Gen.  Carpenter,  Madras 
Army. 

At  Murree,  Charles  Edward,  son  of  the  late 
Charles  Herbert,  esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
barristcr-at-law,  First  Fiscal  of  British  Guiana, 
to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Col.  Bigby,  H.M.'s  Bengal 
Engineers. 

Sept.  15.  At  Serampore,  near  Calcutta,  John 
George  Pushman,  esq.,  of  H.M.'s  3rd  European 
Lip:ht  Cavalry,  to  Clara,  second  dau.  of  James 
Brooks,  esq.,  of  Camden-town. 

S''pt.  25.  At  Secunderabad,  Albert  Seagrim, 
esq.,  Lieut,  of  the  Royal  Regt.,  to  Maria  Eliza- 
beth, eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  Nott,  R.N.,  Beach- 
house,  Deal. 

Oct.  4.  At  Hollesley,  Suffolk,  Henry  Tanfleld 
Vuchell,  esq  ,  of  the  Bombay  Horse  Artillery,  to 
Mary  Grace,  only  dau.  of  John  Barthorp,e8q.,  of 
Ilollesley-house. 

Oct.  6.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Harry 
Robert  Newton,  esq.,  only  surviving  son  of  Sir 
William  J.  Newton,  of  Argyll -street,  to  Edith 
Nicola,  youngest  dau.  of  Dr.  Billing,  of  Orosrenor- 
gate,  Hyde-park. 

Oct.  9.  At  St.  Peter's,  Colombo,  George  Price, 
esq.,  Capt.  H.M.'s  1st  Bengal  Fusiliers,  to  Fanny 
Durand,  eldest  dau.  of  F.  W.  Wallisford,  esq., 
M.D.,  of  the  Fort,  Colouibo. 

Oct.  10.  At  Staplehurst,  Kent,  the  Rev.  Fran- 
cis Harris,  M.A.,  Curate  of  St.  Mark's,  Birmmg- 
hani,  to  Adelaide  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Geort^e  Rugg,  esq.,  of  Woodgate-house,  Beck'ey, 
Su.-..«x. 

(ir.NT.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Oct.  16.  At  the  British  Consulate,  Leghorn, 
Emilio  Lecchini,  of  the  Guardia  Nobile  of  the  late 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  to  Anna  Grace,  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Harvey  James  Sperling,  of  Latten- 
bury-hill,  and  Rector  of  St.  Agnes,  Fapworth, 
Cambridgeshire,  and  sister  to  the  Rev.  F.  H« 
Sperling,  late  Curate  of  Whitby. 

At  St.  Lucy's,  Barbados,  William  Leacock, 
eldest  son  of  William  Jordan,  esq.,  to  Mary 
Elvira,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Thomas  Went,  esq. 

At  the  British  Embassy,  Paris,  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  William  Meredyth  Somerville,  bart,  M.P.,  to 
Maria  Georgina  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  Herbert 
George  Jones,  Seijeant-at-Iaw. 

At  Stillorgan,  the  Hon.  Percy  Wyndham, 
second  son  of  Lord  Leconfleld,  to  Madeline,  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Guy  CampbeU,  bart. 

At  Thuxton,  Charles  Saunders  Wheeley,  esq., 
barrister-at-law,  Lincoln's-inn.  to  Anna  Charlotte, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Wright,  Rector 
of  Thuxton. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  George  Sadler, 
esq.,  of  Crake-hall-villa,  Parkside,  Wimbledon, 
to  Frances  Anne,  dau.  of  John  Baskett,  esq.,  of 
Roehampton. 

At  North  Walsham,  Robert,  youngest  son  of 
John  Carter,  esq.,  late  of  Northwold,  to  Emily, 
eldest  dau.  of  George  Wilkinson,  esq. 

Oct.  17.  At  Hove,  Sussex,  Frederick  Charles 
Danvers,  esq.,  to  Louisa,  second  dau.  of  Elias 
Mocatta,  esq. 

At  Fugglestone,  William  Rowden  Shittler,  esq., 
of  Bishopstone,  to  Mary,  younger  daa.  of  the  late 
William  Woodcock,  esq. 

Oct.  18.  At  Newton-le-Willows,  Joseph,  eldest 
son  of  David  Moseley,  esq.,  of  Manchester,  to 
Rachel,  dau.  of  James  Faircloogh,  esq.,  of  Newton- 
in-the-Willows. 

At  Down,  Kent,  William  W.  Edwards,  esq.,  of 
Keston,  Kent,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  W. 
Edwards,  Llyswomey,  Olamorgansbire,  to  Eliza- 
beth Lydia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Peters, 
Jun.,  esq.,  of  Albion-street,  Hyde-park,  and 
grand-dau.  of  Thomas  Peters,  esq.,  The  Orange, 
Kilbum,  Middlesex. 

At  Waloot,  Charles,  youngest  son  of  Mr.  Justice 
McDougall,  of  Widcombe-street,  Bath,  to  Mary 
Oreir,  only  dau.  of  MiOo^  James  Jackson,  14th 
Regt.  M.N.I. 

At  Knaresbro',  the  ReT.  John  Robinson,  M.  A., 
of  Settle,  to  Catherine,  second  dau.  of  Capt.  Har- 
rison, of  Arlington-bouse,  near  Knaresbro*. 

At  Malvern,  the  Rev.  John  George  Hiokley, 
Rector  of  Street  and  Walton,  to  Helen,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Charles  Wood,  esq.,  of  Street-house, 
Somerset. 

At  Cheltenham,  James  Hardy,  esq.,  of  Bristol, 
to  Laura  Amelia,  second  duu.  of  Enoch  May,  of 
Tewkesbury. 

Oct.  20.  At  All  Saints',  Southampton,  Wilmot 
Heury,  second  son  of  John  Wilmot  Waterhoube, 

4k 


662 


Marriagei, 


[Dec. 


esq.,  of  Chiswick,  Middlesex,  to  Margaret  Maria, 
only  dau.  of  the  Rot.  Gibson  Lucas,  Rector  of 
St.  Lawrence,  Southampton. 

At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  John  Rob.  Williams, 
es(i.,  of  Ilatton-garden,  to  Sophia,  fourth  dau. 
of  John  Salmon,  esq.,  of  Easton,  near  Wells. 

At  Serriere,  Neufchfitcl,  Mr.  John  Ilibbard, 
of  Rath,  to  Jane  Sarah,  second  surviving  dtiu. 
of  the  late  Mr.  Chamberlain  Mole,  of  Bruughing, 
Herts. 

Oct.  23.  At  the  British  Consulate,  Ostend, 
n.  V.  Pennefather  (late  Capt  4l8t  Rcgt.),  to 
Margaretta,  only  dan.  of  Sir  John  dc  la  Pole, 
hart. 

At  Kirby  Undcrdalc,  W.  Carr,  esq.,  of  LiUing- 
grange,  to  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  Charles 
Wigglesworth,  esq.,  of  Lea-flcld-touse,  Garraby. 

At  Neenton,  John  G.  Chamberlain,  esq.,  of 
Wiveiihoc,  to  Harriet  Phoebe,  third  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  J.  F.  Ben  well,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Neenton, 
Salop. 

At  St.  James's,  Taunton,  George  Deedes 
Warry,  esq.,  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barristcr-at-law, 
elde^t  son  of  George  Warry,  esq.,  of  Shapwick, 
Somerset,  to  Catherine  Emily,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Clitsomc  Warren,  esq.,  and  grand-dau. 
of  Richard  Meade  King,  esq.,  of  Pyrland-hall, 
near  Taunton. 

At  St.  James's,  Paddington,  Vincent  J.  Turner, 
esq ,  of  Sbipton<-on-Cherwell,  Oxon,  to  Agnes 
Elixa,  second  dau.  of  Gilbert  Finlay  Girdwood, 
M.l).,  of  Ilowley-place,  London. 

At  Bcmerton,  William  Puzey,  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  second  son  of  Thomas  Puxey,  esq., 
of  Blackheath,  to  Helen,  third  dau.  of  the  lato 
Joseph  Tasker,  esq.,  of  Melifont  Abbey,  Wells. 

Oct.  21.  At  Sephton,  the  Rev.  E.  Fieer  Green, 
eldest  son  uf  E.  M.  Green,  e^q.,  of  Charnwood- 
lodge,  Leicestershire,  to  H<  len,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Rawson,  Incumbent  of  Seuforth. 

At  Burton  Agnes,  John  Newbold,  estj.,  of  Beck- 
ingham,  to  Rebecca,  second  dau.  of  Jas.  Hind, 
esq.,  of  Haisihurpe,  late  of  Crowle  -  grange, 
Lincolnshire. 

Oct.  25.  At  B(  binKton,  Cheshire,  Philip  Woods, 
son  of  Philip  Finch  Curry,  tstj.,  The  (irovc, 
Hoxton,  to  Frances  Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  Thomas 
Stanton  I'kldowes,  e^q.,ClifloIl-pa^k,  Birkenhead. 

At  Croydon,  John  Dunkin,  esq.,  of  Croydon, 
son  of  Henry  Dunkin,  es<|.,  of  Rottingrdean, 
Sussex,  to  Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  Goo.  Brown, 
esq.,  of  Brick  wood-house,  Croydon. 

At  Msrchington  Woodlands,  Thos.  Pickering, 
CHi.,  of  Abbot's  Bromley,  to  Harriet,  second 
dau.  of  Richard  Gillett,  esq.,  of  Brook-house, 
Vltoxi'U'r. 

At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  the  Rev.  Philip 
Kitcl.inghum,  M.A.,  to  Emily  Catherine,  dau. 
of  the  lute  Rev.  Henr}-  p:iliot  Graham,  lUictor 
of  Ludgvan,  (Cornwall. 

At  Holy  Trinity,  Paddington,  Rob.  Marshall, 
es(i.,  of  (tlasgow,  youngi'sl  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Marshal!,  Kirkintilloch,  Dumbartonshiie,  to 
Anna  Maria  Cirolinc,  oldest  dau.  of  the  lato 
John  Craig  Krcebaini,  c<n.,  Ihtti-i't,  Surrey. 

At  WouldUaut,  George  C.  Meers,  esii.,  of  Hoo 
St.  Wtrliurgh,  Kent,  to  .Vusur«ta  .Mynn,  yoimgo.>:t 


d&a.  of  Wm.  Sankej,  esq.,  of  the  Muulan-hoiitt, 
Wouldham,  Kent. 

At  Fclstcad,  Oliver  Goeling,  esq.,  of  Bocking 
to  Lucy  Catherine,  elder  dau.  of  T.  C.  BoUie 
esq.,  of  Pond-park,  Felstcad,  Eases. 

At  Wonldham,  John  Hart  Banker,  <h1-i  o 
Bromley,  Middlesex,  to  Emma,  dan.  of  Wllliu 
Peters,  esq.,  of  Wooldham-hall,  Kent. 

At  St  James's,  Piecodllly,  Ednrnnd  llerrii 
Booth  Story -Moskelyn,  eaq.,  eon  of  Anthon; 
Mervin  Story-Moskelyn,  esq.,  of  Bassett  Down 
house,  '^^ts,  to  Martha  Bnnger,  eldest  dan.  ol 
Thos.  Russell,  esq.,  of  Beaminster,  Donct. 

At  Holy  Trinity,  Paddington,  Major  Bced,  o 
Bedfont,  bite  Capt.  6th  Royal  Regt.,  Depnty- 
Lieut  and  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Middlesex,  tt 
Celina  Adelaide,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Roh 
Chester  Cooper,  esq.,  of  Brighton,  Depnty-Iieat 
and  J. P.  for  the  co.  of  Snssez. 

At  Sandford,  Robert,  eldest  son  of  Rotexl 
Lane,  esq.,  of  Great  Gulton,  Bhohrooke,  ta 
Louisa,  only  dan.  of  SUvanns  Partridge,  esq., 
of  Cross,  Sandford. 

At  Twickenham,  J.  Heanley,  esq.,  of  Wlmtdiar- 
don,  Cambridgeshire,  to  Chariotte  Catherine, 
dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Whitling,  esq.,  of  Xrw 
Shoreham,  Suswx,  and  granddan.  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Pcnfold,  Vicar  of  Stryning,  Sussex. 

Oct.  27.  At  the  Catholic  Chapel,  Dover,  Loaii 
Baron  de  Zeliga  ZyohlinsU,  Capt.  of  CaTalzy,  of 
Twardos,  Poland,  to  Adeline  Kate,  eldest  daa.  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Maltby,  late  of  Ash-grore,  Whit- 
church, Salop,  and  niece  of  the  late  AlfVcd  Lowe, 
esq.,  of  Highflcld-honae,  Nottinghanuhire. 

At  Flitcham,  Norfolk,  Thomas  P.  Matthew, 
esq-.  Army  Staff  Surgeon  -  mi^or,  to  EmiUe 
Frances,  fifth  dau.  of  Dr.  Toong,  late  of  Clap- 
ham-common,  Surrey. 

At  St.  George's,  Stonehouse,  Oomm.  James  E. 
Bickford,  R.N.,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Jos. 
Bickford,  esq.,  of  Newport-honse,  to  Sophie  T., 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Lient  Geo.  Tomlin,  R.N. 

At  Gaioford,  John  Ilett,  esq.,  of  Hcadlam-liall, 
Durham,  to  Emma  Elisabeth,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Richard  Cunddl,  esq.,  of  Burden,  and  widow 
of  James  Young  Jamleson,  Esq ,  of  Oainford. 

At  St.  Maryli-bone,  Middlesex,  Sir  Wm.  Boyd, 
to  FJixabcth  Hannah,  widow  of  the  Ute  Thooiaf 
George  Warrington  Carcw,  esq.,  of  Ctaweombe- 
court,  Somerset. 

Oct.  29.  At  Clevcdon,  Thottoa  Cnlfr  Adomi, 
esq.,  of  Charleombe,  and  of  Sydney-pl.,  Bath,  to 
Jane  Caroline,  widow  of  John  Trerelyan,  esq.,  of 
Lansdown-place  West. 

Oct.  SO.  At  East  Fcnnard,  Winiam,  eldest  son 
of  John  Cory,  esq.,  Pylle  Rectory,  to  Anne, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  ^'irh^rif^  esq., 
Huxham-green,  East  Pennard. 

At  Leamington,  the  Rer.  John  Edwards,  If  .A., 
Vicar  of  I*restbnry,  Glouoestersldre,  to  Looisa 
ElifCAbeth  Margaret,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late 
Sir  James  Robertson  Bnioe,  hart.,  of  Downhill, 
CO.  Londonderry. 

At  Ktalbridge,  Franels  ftiddy  Greathead,  e«q.. 
National  Prnvinciiil  Bank,  Shaftesbury,  to  Mary 
Withyc,  eldest  dau.  of  Ji^a  fitephena  l^ilUas, 
t-M[.,  Stalbrid^e,  DorbcU 


*» 


/ 


I860.] 


Ma 


rrtitges. 


663 


At  St.  JamesN,  Piccadilly,  Arthur  Lort,  second 
surviving  son  of  the  late  John  Lort  Phillips, 
esq.,  of  Haverfordwest,  Pembrokesh.,  to  Frances 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Jones,  of  Pcnylan,  Cardiganshire. 

At  Worplesdon,  the  Rev.  Stirling  F.  Marshall, 
Rector  of  Farnham  Royal,  Bucks,  to  Oeorgina 
Myra  S.,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Chnrles  Lux- 
moore,  Fellow  of  Eton  College,  and  Rctor  of 
Worplesdon,  Surrey. 

At  Scarbro%  Edward  Bishop,  esq.,  of  He:id- 
ingley,  near  Leeds,  to  I^Iartha,  dau.  of  the  late 
T.  Holt,  esq.,  of  Wedderburn-house,  Harrogate. 

At  Keighley,  George  Gladstone  Macturk,  esq., 
of  Bradford  and  Ryeland-hill,  South  Cave,  to 
Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Busfeild, 
Rector  of  Keighley. 

At  Newick,  the  Hon.  Chas.  Comwallis,  third 
son  of  Viscount  Chetwynd,  to  Emily  Hannah, 
only  dau.  of  W.  H.  Blaauw,  esq.,  of  Beeohlands, 
Sussex. 

Oct.  31.  At  St  Margaret's,  Westminster,  the 
Rev.  John  Fisher  Hodgson,  Vicar  of  Horsham, 
Sussex,  to  Hannah  Ann,  widow  of  Noah  Robert 
Young,  esq.,  of  Hertford,  and  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  William  Johnstone,  esq.,  of  Bishop's 
Stortford,  Herts. 

At  Edgba.ston,  Birmingham,  Thomas  Frost, 
esq.,  of  Liverpool,  to  Mary  Ann,  younge:it  dau. 
of  the  late  Samuel  Antwiss,  esq.,  of  Aston, 
Cheshire. 

At  Hove,  Brighton,  William  Savage  Poole, 
esq.,  Kenilworth,  to  Frances  Elizabeth,  second 
dau.  of  John  Bill,  esq.,  Coventry. 

Nov.  1.  At  Shilton  Earl,  Leicestershire,  R. 
Warren,  esq.,  of  Gosford  Pynes,  Ottery  St.  Mary, 
Devonshire,  to  Elizabeth  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Dowell  Fulshaw,  esq.,  of  the  former 
place. 

At  Mangotsfield,  Rowley  Toung  Lloyd,  esq., 
barrister-at-law,  and  son  of  the  late  Rear-Adm. 
Lloyd,  K.H.,  F.R.S.,  to  Mary  EUzabeth,  dau.  of 
John  Jowitt  Nevins,  esq.,  of  Cleve-dale,  Glouces- 
tershire. 

At  Homsey,  Charles  Bagnall,  esq.,  of  Great 
Barr,  Staffordshire,  to  Harriet  Curtis,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Chapman,  esq.,  of  Whitby. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  the  Very  Rev. 
Wm.  Goode,  D.t).,  Dean  of  Ripon,  to  Katharine 
Isabella,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  William 
Cust. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Col.  J.  Thornton 
Grant,  C.B.,  of  H.M.'s  18th  (Royal  Irish)  Regt, 
to  Mary  Rosanna,  eldest  dau.  of  T.  Blair,  esq., 
(^ucen's-gardcns,  Hyde-park,  and  granddau.  of 
the  late  Gen.  Mr  Robert  Blair,  K.C.B. 

At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  Alfred,  third  son 
of  tlie  lute  George  Woodward,  esq.,  of  Bicester, 
Oxon,  to  Fanny  Cordelia,  youngest  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  William  Moor,  of  Ryde. 

Nov.  2.  At  Beaumaris,  Stephen  Henry  Smith, 
esq.,  Anncsbrook,  co.  Meath,  to  Georgrina  Bar- 
bara, only  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Pelly,  C.B.,  16th 
Lancers. 

Nov.  3.  At  St.  Peter's,  Pimlico,  Capt  Fred. 
Pwaclford,  of  the  Royal  Dragoons,  youngest  son 
of  Uenry  Radford,  esq.,  of  Athcrstone,  Warwick- 


shire, to    Constance   Frances,    second   dnu.    of 
Hen.  C.  Singleton,  esq.,  Adeare-house,  co.  Meath. 

At  the  British  Embassy,  Paris,  Geo.  Hodgson, 
second  son  of  Silas  Saul,  esq.,  of  Carlisle,  Cum- 
berland, to  Eleanor  Adelaide,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Crosby  Anderson,  esq.,  of  Benton- 
hall,  CO.  Northumberland. 

At  Rochester,  Lieut.  C.  C.  Soott  Moncrieff,  of 
H.M.'s  Bengal  Engineers,  to  Lucy  Sarah,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  Sturge,  esq.,  of  Birmingham. 

At  All  Souls',  Langham-pl.,  G.  H.  Twemlow, 
Capt.  16th  Regt.,  eldest  son  of  Major-Gen. 
Twemlow,  to  Georgiana  Hamilton,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  W.  Hamilton  Twemlow,  M.A. 

Nov.  6.  At  Whitbourne,  Herefordshire,  Henry, 
second  son  of  the  late  J.  Pigou,  esq..  Garden 
Reach,  Calcutta,  to  Katherine  Syms,  only  dau. 
of  the  late  Fred.  B.  La  Trobe,  esq. 

At  Ennis,  Capt.  Walter  Jus.  Pollard,*R.N.,  son 
of  William  Dutton  Pollard,  esq.,  of  Castle  Pol- 
lard, and  brother  of  Pollard  Urquhart,  esq., 
M.P.  for  CO.  Westmeath,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  Francis 
Nathaniel  Keane,  esq.,  J. P.,  of  Hermitage,  co. 
Clare. 

At  Newark-upon-Trent,  the  Rev.  T.  Falkner, 
Minor  Canon  of  Tork  Cathedral,  to  Marianne 
Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  Hugh  Morton,  M.D., 
and  niece  of  Gen.  Herbert. 

At  Crowcombe,  Somerset,  Coventry  Warring- 
ton Carew,  esq.,  of  the  Cottage,  Crowcombe, 
second  son  of  the  late  Thos.  G.  W.  Carew,  esq., 
of  Crowcombe-conrt,  to  Rosetta  Anne,  eldest  dau. 
of  William  Hotham,  esq.,  of  Upton,  Bucks,  and 
granddau.  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Wm.  Hotham, 
G.C.B. 

At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Capt.  Frederick 
Gibbons,  R.E.,  Middlesex  Militia,  grandson  of 
the  late  and  brother  to  the  present  Sir  John 
Gibbons,  bart.,  to  Hester,  youngest  dau.  of 
James  Colquboun  Kemp,  esq.,  nephew  of  the 
late  and  grandson  of  the  former  Sir  James  Colqu- 
boun, bart.,  of  Luss,  and  of  the  late  Rer.  John 
Kemp,  D.D. 

Nov.  7.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.,  Major 
Gould  Weston,  youngest  son  of  the  late  James 
Willis  Weston,  esq.,  of  Weymouth,  to  Frances 
Elizabeth  Eleanor  Crooke,  only  child  of  the  late 
J.  Crooke  Freeman,  esq.,  of  Crooke-hall,  Lanca- 
shire. 

At  St  Martin's,  York,  Frederick  BardweU, 
esq.,  of  Scarborough,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Maurice  Rodgers,  esq.,  of  Sheffield. 

At  Trinity  Church,  Fincbley-common,  George, 
youngest  son  of  J.  Greenhill,  esq.,  of  Coldhar- 
bour,  Finchley  -  common,  to  Elizabeth  Jane, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Bryant,  esq.,  of 
Bridgwater. 

At  Edgbaston  Old  Church,  J.  Colvin  Randall, 
esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  Fanny  E., 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Alfred  Harrold,  esq., 
of  Birmingham. 

Nov.  8.  At  Stockbridge,  Henry  Grosvenor 
Howard,  esq.,  of  Little  Somboume-house,  to 
Charlotte  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  John  Attwood, 
of  the  same  place. 

At  Le win's  Mead  Chapel,  Bristol,  Sir  John 
Bowring,  LL.D.,  F.1{..b.,  Utc  U-^-'*  ^^«»^P<>^«^- 


664 


Marriages. 


tl> 


tiary  in  China,  to  Deborah,  dan.  of  the  late  Th08» 
Castle,  C'>q.,  of  Chfion. 

At  Mantow,  Herefordshire,  the  Bor.  Humph- 
rey Allen,  M.A.,  of  Clifton,  to  Virginia,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  James  Kiley,  esq.,  of  Abbey- 
house,  Surrey. 

At  St.  John  the  EvangeliBt*a,  Halse-tovn,  St. 
Ivets  Kichard  Uinifston,  esq.,  solicitor,  Liakeard, 
to  Elizabeth  Mary,  only  dau.  of  Thos.  Boacwall, 
esq.,  Tallund-house,  St.  Ives. 

At  the  British  Embassy,  Paris,  Mauriee  Lonia, 
only  son  of  James  Lund  Gcrrard,  esq.,  to  Sidney 
Augusta,  eldest  dau.  of  Joseph  Outtcridge  Ste- 
venson, esq.,  of  Oxford-ter.,  Hyde-park. 

At  Hope,  Lieut.-CoI.  E.  G.  Maynard,  88th 
Connaught  Rangers,  to  Gertrude,  third  dau.  of 
C.  B.  Trevor  Hoiwr,  esq.,  of  Plas  T4g-park, 
FlinUhire. 

iVor.  10.  At  Tetbury,  Gloneestershire,  the  Bev. 
CyruH  Morrall,  of  Plas  Yoljm,  Vicar  of  Northleigh, 
Oxfordshire,  to  Oeorgiana  Fleming,  widow  of  the 
late  Henry  Urquhart,  esq.,  of  Cheltenham. 

Ifoc.  12.  At  St.  Jamc«*s,  Katcliffe,  the  Bev. 
Henry  Sadler,  Curate  of  Katcliffe,  to  EllMbcth 
Mary,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  llev.  J.  E.  D. 
Serres,  Perpetual  Curutc  of  Easeboumc,  and 
Kector  of  Lynch,  Sussex. 

Xor.  13.  At  Mary  port,  Wilfrid  Lawson,  esq., 
M.P.,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Wilfrid  L%W8on,  hart.,  of 
limy  ton,  Cumberland,  to  Mary,  third  dau.  of  J. 
l*ocklington  Senhouse,  esq.,  of  Netherhall. 

At  Tunbridgc  Wells,  Sir  John  Henry  Pelly, 
hart.,  of  Warnham-court,  Sussex,  to  Blanche 
Klizubcth,  third  dau.  of  the  Bev.  Frederick  Vin- 
cent, Prebendary  of  Chichester,  and  Rector  of 
Slinfold,  Sussex. 

At  Cardynham,  John  Tromaync,  erq.,  to  the 
Hon.  Mary  Charlotte  Martha  Vivian,  eldest  dau. 
of  Lord  Vivian,  Lord-Iueut.  of  the  co.  of  Cornwall. 

At  Chester,  the  Bev.  Edward  Russill,  B.A.,  of 
Chrixt's  College,  Cambridge,  only  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  Wilfonl,  H.E.LC.S.,  to  Mary  Helen, 
eldest  dau.  of  John  Hignett,  cxq.,  of  Chester. 

A'or.  14.  At  Ennist}'mon,  co.  Clare,  John 
Carlcton  Bury,  esq.,  of  Wisbeach,  Cambridge* 
shire,  to  Anne,  second  dau.  of  the  Bev.  David 
La  louche  Whitty,  of  Ennist>-mon  Glebe. 

At  St.  Mark's,  Surbiton,  Charles  A.  Henderson, 
e»q.,  H.B..M.'s  Consul  at  Panama,  to  Helen 
Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  Bobcrt  Power,  esq., 
of  Tasmania. 

At  St.  George's,  Ilunovcr-sq.,  Claude  Wheel- 
house,  esq.,  of  Leeds,  to  Caroline,  third  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Josh.  Cuwell,  of  Tormorden, 
Limcunhirc. 


Xov,  15.     At  St.  JanM8%  W«#ftounie-ti 
John  Woodward  Stanfwd,   esq.,  of  Cam, 
Cavan,  Ireland,  Co  Louisa,  fourth  dau.  of 
late  Nevile  Beid,  Mq.,   of    Runnymede, 
Windsor. 

At  Edinburgh,  Capt  ThomM  Edward  Gon 
Inniakilling  Dn^oona,  to  Janet  Elisabeth  & 
second  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Her.  Pat 
Robertson,  D.D.,  of  Eddleatoae,  Peebleahire, 

At  Stanford  Rivera,  Arthur  Aylett  Harri 
eaq.,  M.B.  Cantab.,  aon  of  the  Rev.  Tho 
Harrison,  Rector  of  Womenswolda  Kent,  to  Jj 
eldest  dau.  of  laaae  Taylor,  eaq.,  of  Staal 
Bivera,  Essex. 

At  the  Britiflh  Embaaay,  Frankfort-oa-l 
Maine,  James,  only  aon  of  Jamea  Doof 
M.D.,  of  Quebec,  Canada,  to  Naomi,  third  d 
of  tho  late  Walter  Doogias,  eaq.,  of  Kew-te 
Glasgow. 

AtThruxton,Herefordaliire,  Bieh.  Loufucvi 
second  son  of  Biehard  Barker,  eaq.,  of  Chcal 
to  Boaabel  Charlotte,  youngeat  dau.  of  the  1 
Bev.  George  Hey  wood,  of  Ideford,  Devon. 

At  Barmston,  the  Bev.  Alfted  Kewdigi 
Vicar  of  Kirk  HaUam,  Derbyahire,  to  Sell 
Charlotte,  eldest  dan.  of  the  Bev.  GriAth  Boj 
ton,  Bector  of  Borauton,  Torkahire. 

At  Bray,  Charlea  Pearee  Seroeold,  eaq.,  of  O 
ileld-lodgiB,  Maidenhead,  to  Bfarie  Emilie,  aeca 
dau.  of  George  St.  L^er  Grenfell,  eaq. 

At  Eaton  Socon,  John  Blddell,  eaq.,  of  Bewi 
Folly,  Northumberland,  to  Jane,  aeeood  dan. 
William  Pepperoora,  eaq.,  of  Eaton  tfoeon,  B« 
fordshire. 

At  AU  Sainte*,  Blaekheath,  Charlea  Fkedni 
Ogilvle,  esq.,  M.U.,  Bombay  Anny,  youagi 
surviving  aon  of  the  late  John  OgUvie,  ca 
surgeon  B.N.,  to  Anne  Emilj,   third  daa. 
Jamca  Pilcher,  esq.,  of  Bow,  MIddleaez. 

yov.  16.  At  Fbttlden,  BmrtekaUre,  Thon 
Albert  Carter,  M.D.,  M.B  C.P.L.,  of  Lewniafta 
to  Jane  Enphemia,  only  dan.  of  the  lale  Chart 
Brown,  esq. 

i\'ov.  17.  At  Mulbarton,  near  Norwich,  Hie 
Chambers,  UeuL  ItN.,  of  Havvrfoidwcat,  yoiuii 
est  son  of  tbe  late  GapL  John  Chamhera,  fotmrr 
of  the  10th  HuMars,  to  Caroline  Anne,  widow 
the  late  Arthur  WeUlngton  Peel,  eaq.,  of  Deaai 
Pembrokeshire,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late  Jaa 
Bellairs  Stevenson,  esq.,  of  UflLngton,  u— «ii 
shire. 

At  Hove,  Coventry  Bayntun,esq.,  UeuL  Bam] 
shire  Militia  Artillery,  to  Oeorgiana  EDea,  eta 
of  W.  U.  Sutton,  eaq.,  of  Brighton. 


I860.] 


665 


0hit\invy:. 


\^Relativ€s  or  Friends  srupplying  Memoirs  are  requested  to  append  their  Addresses,  in 
order  that  a  Copy  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazinb  containing  their  Communications 
may  he  forwarded  to  them.^ 


IIeb  Imperial  Majesty  the  Empress 
Mother  of  Russia. 

Nov.  1.  At  St.  Petersburg,  aged  62, 
Alexandra  Feodorowna,  the  Empress  Mo- 
ther of  Russia. 

Her  Majesty,  who  was  the  daughter  of 
Frederic  William  III.  of  Prussia,  and  sister 
of  the  preseut  King,  was  bom  on  July  13, 
1798,  and  received  the  name  of  Charlotte 
at  baptism,  but,  according  to  the  Russian 
custom,  on  her  marriage,  on  July  13, 
1817,  with  the  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  of 
Kusda,  she  assumed  the  names  of  Alexan- 
dra Feodorowna.  "Though  but  a  child 
when  the  fatal  day  of  Jena  struck  to  the 
earth  the  Prussian  monarchy,  she  was  yet 
old  enough  to  be  deeply  impressed  by  the 
sorrow  and  indignation  of  her  mother 
when  the  conqueror  was  in  Berlin,  and 
when  his  cruel  and  unmanly  bulletins 
poured  insult  after  insult  on  the  heroic 
and  unfortunate  Queen.  Nor  could  she 
fail  to  remember  that  wonderful  burst  of 
national  enthusiasm  which,  after  seven 
years  of  prostration  in  the  dust,  once  more 
woke  Prussia,  with  one  heart  and  soul,  to 
the  recollection  of  her  wrongjs  and  her  op- 
portunity. It  was  a  sight  to  impress  the 
girl  of  fifteen,  when  her  countrywomen 
thronged  to  the  Royal  Treasury  with  their 
golden  trinkets  offered  for  the  nation — 
when  every  inhabitant  of  Berlin  capable 
of  bearing  arms  enrolled  himself  among 
the  volunteers  in  a  single  day — when  the 
8011^  of  K5rner  were  ringing  in  the  streets 
night  and  day — ^and  when  the  torn  and 
blackened  banners  of  Jtna  were  brought 
out  from  their  hiding-places,  not  again  to 
turn  back  till  they  had  floated  over  the 
boulevards  of  Paris." 

After  a  youth  of  such  sorrows  as  bad 
brought  her  mother  to  an  untimely  grave, 
the  state  of  Europe  when  the  young  prin- 
cess became  a  wife  seemed  to  promise  an 
untroubled   future.     But  it  proved   far 


otherwise.  Her  husband's  accession  to  the 
throne  was  at  once  followed  by  a  military 
outbreak,  which  threatened  the  subversion 
of  the  empire ;  the  war  with  Turkey,  the 
Polish  revolution,  the  distrust  and  jealousy 
of  other  Powers,  the  events  of  1848,  and 
lastly,  the  war  with  the  Allies,  which 
rendered  her  a  widow,  renewed  her 
troubles;  and  though  she  strove  nobly 
against  them,  her  health  had  long  visibly 
declined,  and  her  death  had  for  some  time 
been  daily  expected.  She  has  left  behind 
her  a  character  of  high  exceUence,  and 
may  justly  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
eminent  women  of  her  time,  not  merely 
for  her  exalted  station,  but  for  her  virtues 
and  talents. 

The  health  of  the  Empress  was  entirely 
broken  down  by  her  unceasing  attention 
at  the  bed  of  her  husband,  who  died  on 
the  2nd  of  March,  1855,  and  though  re- 
moval to  an  Italian  climate  was  tried,  the 
mischief  was  irremediable.  She  returned 
to  Russia,  and  the  imminent  danger  of 
her  death  caused  her  devoted  son,  the 
present  Emperor  of  Russia,  to  break  up 
abruptly  the  conference  at  Warsaw,  fh)m 
which  such  important  political  conse- 
quences were  expected;  she  died  the  day 
after  his  return.  Her  surviving  issue  are 
the  Emperor,  the  three  Grand  Dukes, 
Constantine,  Nicholas,  and  Michael,  and 
the  Grand  Duchesses  Maria  and  Olga. 


The  Dukb  of  Richmond,  E.G. 
Oct,  21.  In  Portland-place,  aged  69, 
Charles  Gordon  •  Ijennox,  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond, Earl  of  March,  and  Baron  of  Sett- 
rington,  co.  York,  in  the  peerage  of  Eng- 
land; Duke  of  Lennox,  co.  Dumbarton, 
Earl  of  Darnley,  co.  Renfrew,  and  Baron 
Methuen  of  Torbolton,  oo.  Ayr,  in  the  peer- 
age of  Scotland,  K.G.,  and  also  Duke 
d'Aubigny  in  the  peerage  of  France,  (the 
second  Duke  having  inherited  that  duke- 


6G6 


Obituary. —  The  Duke  of  Richmond,  K.Q. 


[Do 


dom  from  his  jfrnndmolher,  who  received 
the  title  from  Louis  XIV.  in  1G83). 

Tlie  deceased  was    the  eldest  son  of 
Charles,  fourth  Duke,  by  Lady  Churlotto 
Gordon,    eldest  daughter  of  Alexander, 
fourth  Duke  of  Gordon,  and  was  boru  in 
Wliitf  hall  Gardens,  August  3,  I79I.  After 
an  education  at  Westminster  school,  the 
young  Earl  entered  the  army  as  ensign  in 
the  8th  garrison  battalion,  and  was  sojn 
after  appointed  ude- de-camp  to  his  father, 
then   Lord- Lieutenant  of  Ireland;   but 
preferring  active  service  to  the  parade 
and  frivolities  of  Dublin  and  the  Phccniz- 
p:irk,  he  joined  the  forces  in  Portugal  in 
July  1810,  as  aide-de-camp  and  assistant 
military  secretary  to  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton,  with  whom   ho  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war  in  1814,  and  was  present 
in  all  the  skirmishes,  affairs,  general  ac- 
tions, and  sieges  which  took  place  during 
that  period;   amongst    which   were  the 
battles  of  Busaco  and   Fuoutcs   d'Onor, 
storming  of  Ciudad  llodrigo,  storming  of 
liudiijuz,  battles  of  Salamanca,  Vittoria, 
and  the  Pyrenees,  the  first  storming  of 
San  Sebastian,  action  at  Vera,  and  battle 
of  Orthes.     At  the  last-mentioned  battle, 
having  lefl,  in  January  1814,  the  Duke  of 
Wellington's  stafi^,  in  order  to  obtain  a 
practical  knowledge  of  r^imental  duty  in 
the  field,  he  served  with  the  Ist  battalion 
of  his  regiment,  the  62nd  Light  Infantry, 
on  which  occasion  he  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  chest  by  a  musket  ball,  which  was 
never  extracted.     He  was  sent  home  with 
duplicate  despatches  of  the  battle  of  Sala- 
manca and  the  capture  of  Astorga  by  the 
S|>aniards,  and  with  the  despatches  of  Vera 
and  the  entrance  of  the  army  into  France. 
During  the  campaig^i  in  the  Netherlands 
ho   was  aide-de-camp   to    the   Prince  of 
Orange  (the  late  King  of  the  Netherlands), 
and  was  present  with  him  at  the  battles  of 
Qualre   Bras  and   Waterloo.    After  the 
Prince  of  Orange  was  wounded  at  Water- 
loo, the  carl  joined  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton's stafi'  as  aide-de-camp,  and  remained 
with  him  during  the  rest  of  the  campaign. 
For  his  military  services  he  had  received 
the  silver  war-medal  and  eight  clasps  for 
Busnoo,  Furntes  d'Onor,  Ciudad  Rodrigo, 
Badajoz,  Salamanca,   Vittoria,   Pyrenees, 


and  Orthes.    He  married,  Ainil  10, 181 
Lady  Caiuline  Piiget,  eldest  daughter 
the   late  Field-Marshal  tlie   Marqnia 
Anglesey,  by  his  first  marriage  with  La 
Caroline  Elisabeth  Vlllien^  third  daiigfa< 
of  Qeorge,  fborth  Earl  of  Jersej,  and 
succeeded  to  the  dukedom  on  the  28th 
August,  1819,  on  the  dt-ath  of  his  fatbi 
who  died  from  the  effects  of  a  Inte  from 
dog  in  Canada,  of  which  dependency 
was  Governor-QeueraL 

The  deceased  never  attained  higher  rai 
than  that  of  lieutenant  -  colonel  In  t 
army,  but  his  attachment  to  his  profiMsi< 
was  a  marked  feature  throughout  his  lii 
It  was  mainly  owing  to  his  constant  ezi 
tions  that  the  Peninsular  war-medal  w 
at  last,  on  the  Ist  of  June,  1847,  acoorA 
to  the  veterans  of  that  great  contest,  ai 
they  marked  their  sense  of  his  senrioes  I 
presenting  to  him  a  magnificent  piece  < 
plate,  with  the  following  inscription : — 

Presented,  on  June  21,  1861,  the  381 
anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Viitoria, 
To  HIS  Gbaci 
THE  DUKE  OF  RICHMOND,  LENNO: 

AND  D'AUBIGNY,  K.G. 
By  the  redpients  of  the  War  Medal,  i 
grateful  remembrance  of  his  long  and  u 
wearied  exertions  in  their  behalf,  as 
token  of  admiration,  respect,  and  efteei 
from  his  humble  Brethrmi-in-armB,  wl 
sucoeSiiAilly  uded  in  «igfi*nding  th«r  iahfl 
home  throughout  a  long  rad  asnguinsi 
war,  in  which  they  guued  a  series  of  r 
splendent  victories  that  led  to  the  csptm 
of  Madrid,  Paris,  and  Washington ;  aw 
finally,  to  an  honourable  and  lastu 
peace." 

In  1812  Lord  March  oommenoed  h 
political  career  by  entering  the  Hoow  < 
Commons  for  Chichester,  which  city  1 
represented  till  he  entered  the  Hoosr* 
Lords.  In  politics,  of  late  jean^  he  w] 
a  supporter  of  the  Earl  of  Derby  and  tl 
Conservative  party,  snd  he  was  a  dete 
mined  opponent  to  the  repeal  of  the  eoi 
laws.  He  had,  however,  sixteen  jesrs  b 
fore,  supported  the  Reform  Bill ;  he  bd 
the  office  of  Postmaster-Gcnend  in  Es 
Grey's  Administration,  snd  formed  one 
the  members  of  the  Cabinet  from  1830 
1834;  he  also  gave  his  support  to  Loi 
Melbourne's  Government  On  the  Earl 
IXrby  taking  ofllce  as  first  Lord  of  tl 


I860.]  Obitvaky.— The  Duke  of  Richmond,  K.G. 


667 


Treasury  in  March  1852,  the  Duke  of 
Richmond  was  solicited  to  take  office,  but 
declined  the  proffered  honour,  as  be  con- 
ceived that  Lord  Derby  could  find  a  more 
useful  person  in  the  conduct  of  public 
affairs.  The  Duke  was  a  most  useful  mem- 
ber on  the  committees  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  and  for  many  years  devoted  much 
of  his  time  to  that  service.  If  his  speeches 
evince  little  rhetorical  adornment,  they 
were,  nevertheless,  clear,  practical,  and 
pointed.  His  manner  was  pleasing,  and 
his  readiness  in  reply  and  the  firm  grasp 
which  he  retained  of  his  subject  generally 
left  him  master  of  the  field,  even  when  op- 
posed by  a  more  highly  finished  debater. 

The  deceased  nobleman  was  a  zealous 
agriculturist,  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England,  and 
had  held  the  office  of  President  of  the 
Royal  Highland  and  Agricultural  Society, 
as  well  as  of  the  Smithfield  Club.  He  was 
one  of  the  princely  supporters  of  the  turf, 
the  annual  rac^  at  Goodwood  Park  afibrd- 
ing  scope  for  the  display  of  his  generous 
hospitality,  and  by  his  honourable  bearing 
and  frank  manners  on  all  occasions  he  had 
cndcai-ed  himstlf  to  a  large  circle  of  friends, 
while  both  in  England  and  in  Scotland  he 
was  esteemed  by  his  tenantry  as  one  of  the 
best  of  landlords. 

His  Grace  was,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Marquis  of  Exeter,  the  senior  Knight 
of  the  Garter,  having  received  that  order 
in  1828.  He  was  Lord- Lieutenant,  Gustos 
Rotulorum,  and  Vice-Admiral  of  Sussex, 
colonel  of  the  Ro>al  Sussex  Artillery  and 
Light  Infantry  Battalions  of  the  Militia, 
(which  hiH  Grace  had  held  from  December 
1819,)  aide-de-camp  to  the  Queen,  High 
Steward  of  Chichester,  Chancellor  of  Ma- 
rischal  College,  Aberdeen,  and  hereditary 
Constable  of  Inverness  Castle.  On  inherit- 
ing the  large  estates  of  his  maternal  uncle, 
tlie  last  Duke  of  Gordon,  he  assumed  the 
name  of  Gordon,  by  royal  letters  patent, 
for  himself  and  all  his  then  surviving 
issue. 

"  Upon  his  Grace's  accession  to  the 
Gordon  estates  in  Scotland,'*  says  a  local 
l)a|)or,  tlie  "  Banffshire  Journal,"  "his  first 
care  was  to  appoint  an  intelligent  practical 
agriculturljit,  to  re-arrange  in  some  caacs. 


and  to  enlarge  in  others ;  to  initiate  and 
superintend  improvements  in  all  parts  of 
the  property  where  it  might  be  found 
practicable  or  even  possible.  And  with 
what  success  these  have  been  effected,  let 
those  say  who  were  acquainted  with  its 
general  aspect  then,  and  who  know  it  now. 
But  improvements  in  agriculture,  like 
those  in  otber  branches  of  industry,  can 
only  be  effected  under  certain  conditions. 
An  available  amount  of  capital,  skill,  and 
enterprise  are  no  less  requisite  on  the 
broad  acres  of  the  farmer,  than  on  the 
figurative  and  varied  fields  of  commercial 
enterprise,  which  demand  the  well-di- 
rected energies  of  man  for  their  profitable 
culture.  And  here,  in  assigning  the  right 
man  to  the  right  place,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  gratifying  the  wishes  of  all,  was  a 
task  which  reason  will  allow  to  be  beyond 
the  reach  of  man*s  wisdom  to  accomplish. 
It  is  consistent  with  our  knowledge,  that 
the  duties  now  referred  to  were  neither 
lightly  undertaken,  nor  recklessly  exe- 
cuted; nay,  it  taxed  the  resources  and 
increased  the  solicitude  of  all  concerned 
to  an  extent  beyond  what  was  at  the  time 
known  or  believed.  And  we  may,  we 
think,  now  challenge  for  his  Grace  and  his 
manngers  at  the  time,  a  verdict  for  a 
degree  uf  impartiality  and  consideration 
for  the  interests  of  aJI  which,  under  the 
same  circumstances,  have  never  been  sur- 
passed, if  ever  equalled. 

'*  lliriving  plantations  are  now  waving 
over  what  were  before  cheerless  wastes,  and 
extensive  and  effective  drainage  now  re- 
ticulates the  substratum  where  the  surface 
water  used  to  retard  the  labours  of  the 
plough,  chill  the  g^und,  and  render  nuga- 
tory the  best  efforts  of  the  husbandman. 
Fences  where  practicable  have  been  rai>ed, 
and  belts  of  wood  have  been  planted,  which 
afford  an  inviting  shelter  to  the  flock  or 
the  herd,  and  a  protection  to  the  crops. 
Substantial,  elegant,  and  commodious  farm 
steadings  have  been  raised  without  stint, 
and  a  better  class  of  cottages  and  gardens 
now  adorn  the  wayside  all  over  his  Grace's 
domains.  The  natural  beauties  of  the 
landscape  have  bern  tweutyfold  enhanced, 
and  the  traveller  rejoices  in  the  evident 
tokens  of  happiness  which  he  sees  around 
him. 

"The  property  was  divided  into  three 
districts,  and  cattle -shows  have  been 
annually  held  in  each  in  torn;  but  the 
benefits  of  the  show  in  the  respective  dis- 
tricts being  open  to  all  the  tenantry, 
the  prizes — which,  by  the  bye,  we  have 
never  heard  were  too  small — have  been,  as 
a  matter  of  course,  at  his  Grace's  cost ; 
and  the  many  stranger^  whom  ^  Grace 


668 


Obituary. — The  Duke  of  Richmond,  K.G. 


[D. 


on  theae  annnnl  reunions  welcomed  to  his 
board  along  with  his  own  tenantry,  will 
with  thorn  bear  testimony  to  the  joyous 
and  hospitable  way  in  which  all  the  pro- 
cccilings  were  conducted  on  the  part  of 
this  kind-hearted  hiiidlord. 

"  As  a  stock  farmer,  in  Enj;lan«l,  he  has 
always  held  the  fi-remost  rank  ;  and  if,  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  he  has  not  always 
been  abreast  of  his  Morayshire  rivals  in 
everything,  it  was  not,  we  are  assured,  that 
he  lacked  the  enterprise  or  wish. 

"In  the  all-important  matter  of  leasing 
his  farms  and  crofbs  he  has  carefully 
eschewed  the  plan  of  first  sending  them  a- 
bepging,  and  then  tendering  them  to  the 
old  te  ant  at  the  highest  offer.  Those 
who  have  heard  him  speak  on  the  su>»ject, 
will  not  soon  forget  the  indignation  with 
which  he  exposed  such  a  policy.  Tlie  valu- 
ations were  made  by  his  own  commissioner, 
and  the  fonncr  occuimnt  had  the  first  offer ; 
and,  we  need  hardly  say,  that  all  have  seen 
it  their  interest  to  accept. 

"As  an  instance  of  v^hat  his  Grace  has 
done,  we  may  remind  our  readers  of  souie 
facts  stated  by  his  Grace's  factor  for  the 
Strathl)ogie  district  of  the  estates,  Mr. 
M'Pherson,  in  the  autumn  of  last  year. 
On  that  portion  of  his  property  alone  his 
Grace  had  then  exiHinded,  since  the  time 
at  which  he  had  sueceedetl  to  the  estates, 
the  sum  of  nearly  forty  thousand  pounds 
in  its  improvement.  In  that  district  there 
are  1^9  tenants,  51  of  whom  pay  a  rent 
above  £100. 

"  In  youth  his  Grace  indulged  in  most 
of  those  manly  national  sports  which 
char.(cterizi.>  our  young  Knglish  gentleman. 
He  was  a  keen  cricketer,  even  after  the 
unfriendly  'ball*  at  Orthes ;  wiut  above  an 
average  bhot,  and  rode  well  to  hounds. 
Although  he  liked  a  gooil  'bag'  in  the 
fields  as  well  as  on  the  moors,  his  game- 
preserving  pi*openHities  never  betrayed  him 
into  injustice  towards  those  who  might  for 
a  time  have  suffered  from  its  abundance. 
We  have  never  heard  of  a  fair  claim  f  r 
damagts}  being  repudiateil,  and  it  had  l>c- 
come  almost  a  setthd  rule  in  the  North  to 
allow  his  Sp<  y  fishermen  winter's  s^wrt  at 
rubhitting  with  all  the  benefits  resulting 
from  thi'ir  lalM)urs,  if  a  term  so  common- 
place  can  be  applie<l  to  a  pursuit  so 
])leasing.  His  consideration  for  the  aged 
and  intirm  was  trstified  by  the  number  of 
those  who,  when  other  simrccs  faileil,  or 
when  their  services  luid  cea-etl  to  be  of 
niarkctaMe  value  elsewhere,  fnuuil  emphiy- 
ment  in  the  gardens  or  fields  about  Gordon 
C'a>t  le,  or  perhaj)^  in  endiavimrini;  to  guide 
or  restrain  thf  waywanlness  of  (h»'  Sp«'y 
in  its  downward  jouri  ey.     And  in  Sussi'x 

12 


we  find  that  be  was  prendent  of  an  m 
ciation  one  of  the  principal  dijeets 
which  is  the  encouragement  of  agrical 
ral  labourers.  To  hia  oiBciaU  and  meni 
he  was  uniformly  courteoas  and  kind,  i 
when  a  good  opinion  wai  once  Ikirly 
tablished,  it  could  not  be  easilj  ahak 
As  regards  his  ffeneral  interoonrse  w 
the  world,  in  pcHitenesi  and  aifaibility 
could  not  bo  surpassed,  whilst  he  m 
tain«'d  that  dignity  snd  bearins  thronich* 
which  effectiwlly  repressed  ^e  encroa 
monts  of  familiarity  or  ineolenoe. 

"  For  worthy  members  of  the  militt 
profession,  of  every  grade,  his  Or 
through  life  cherished  the  warmest  afl 
tion.  Whilst,  for  instance,  at  his  northi 
ch&teau,  Gordon  Castle,  where  be  spi 
some  of  the  happiest  days  of  his  deolini 
years,  who  was  a  more  welcome  visitor, 
more  honoured  guest,  than  oar  fine  < 
Peninsular,  Captain  Fyfie  f  And  when 
was  invited  to  moot  an  old  campugoer 
the  ducal  residence,  his  Qrace  naed  al'i 
to  stipulate  for '  the  flattened  ballet  a 
the  little  target  being  there  too.'  71 
request  is  explained  1^  the  singnlitr  fa 
that  on  one  of  the  many  occasions  on  whi 
the  Captain  wss  face  to  face  with  I 
enemies  in  the  Peninsula,  his  life  was  pi 
videntially  saved  by  the  ballet  ent<*ri 
the  outer  casing  of  his  watch,  and  sticki 
fast  among  the  machinery.** 

For  some  months  beforo  his  deoeeae  ( 
Duke's  health  had  occasioned  mnch  anii< 
to  the  members  of  the  family.  In  Angi 
last  he  proceeded  to  Gordon  Castle,  \ 
was  unable  to  participate  in  the  sports 
his  friends,  and  the  hopes  that  were  cnt 
tained  that  change  of  idr  wonid  pn 
beneficial  were  not  realised.  He  rvtarr 
fh)m  Scotland  early  in  October  in  a  si 
weaker  state,  and  at  last  sank  under  1 
disease,  dropsy. 

Ky  his  Duchess  (who  tarvives  her  hi 
band)  the  Duke  leaves  Charke  Hen 
Earl  of  March;  Lord  Henxy  Qordoo-Li 
nox,  M.I\  for  Chichester;  Lord  Alexam 
Gordon-Jjennox ;  Lord  George  Gordt 
Lennox,  M.P.  for  Lymington ;  Lady  O 
line  Amelia,  married  to  the  Earl  of  Be 
borough ;  Lady  August  a  Catherine,  narr 
to  his  Serene  Highnev.  Prince  Ed«aid 
Saxc  Weimar;  and  I^ady  Cecilia  Catheri 
married  to  Lord  R  ngham,  cldt-st  son 
the  Earl  of  Lucan.  l^rd  Fttxr-y  Oc^ 
Gordon -Lennox,  his  Orace^s  second  i 
WHS  lost  in  the  stisamer  '•Picsideat" 


•^ 


18G0.]        Obituary. — The  Earl  of  Dundonald,  G.C.B. 


669 


1811 ;  Lndy  Lucy-Frances,  the  third  dau., 
died  in  1843 ;  and  Lady  Amelia  Frederica, 
the  fourth  daughter,  died  in  1841. 

The  late  Duke  is  survived  by  four  bro- 
thers, namely, Lord  George;  Lord  William, 
(the  author  of  several  popular  works) ; 
Ivord  Sussex  ;  and  Lord  Arthur.  One  of 
his  Grace's  brothers  fell  overboard  from 
tht*  "lilake/*  and  was  drowned,  as  she  was 
sailing  into  Port  Mahon,  1812;  and  an- 
other died  at  Chichester  in  1829. 

The  new  peer,  who  is  sixth  Duko  of 
Hichmond,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1818,  and 
married,  in  1843,  Frances  Harriet,  eldest 
daughter  of  Algernon  Frederick  Greville, 
Esq.,  by  whom  he  has  three  sons  and  two 
daughters : — Charles  Henry,  now  Earl  of 
March,  born  December  27,  1845;  Lord 
Algernon  Charles,  bom  1847;  Lord  Fran- 
cis Charles,  bom  1849 ;  Lady  Caroline 
Elizabeth,  born  1844 ;  and  Lady  Florence 
Aujiusta,  l>om  1851.  His  Grace  was  for- 
nurjy  in  the  army,  and  was  aide-de-camp 
to  the  late  Duke  of  Wellington  and 
A'iscount  Hardinge.  He  has  represented 
Wtst  Sussex  in  the  House  of  Commons 
from  July  1841.  In  March,  1859,  he  was 
apjiointed  J'rcsident  of  the  Poor -Law 
J i card,  and  was  made  a  Privy  Councillor. 


TiiK  Eakl  of  Dundonald,  G.C.B. 

Oct.  ?>0.  At  Kensington,  aged  84,  ITios. 
('ochrano,  tenth  Earl  of  Dundonald,  Ad- 
inlnil  of  the  Red,  Rear-Admiral  of  the 
Fleet,  and  an  Elder  Brother  of  the  Trinity 
House. 

'J  he  deceased  was  the  son  of  Archibald, 
the  ninth  carl,  by  Anna,  second  daughter 
ot  Ca})t.  Jan.  Gilchrist,  N.B.,  and  was  born 
iit  Annt>field,  in  Lanarkshire,  the  seat  of 
liis  n»at«rnnl  grandfather,  Dectmber  14, 
1775.  His  father  had  served  in  the  army 
jind  in  the  navy,  but  had  relinquished 
1  otli,  and  devoted  himself  instead  to  scien- 
titie  investigation,  which,  though  ulti- 
Hiately  i>rofi table  to  a  high  degree,  strved 
only  to  enrich  others.  The  property  of 
the  family  had  suffered  severely  in  the 
civil  commotions  of  the  seventeenth  and 
tighttenth  centuries;  what  little  remained 
was  nissipsited  in  expensive  experiments 
til  t  the  Vmy\  had  not  business  talent  to 
(iKM.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


conduct  to  an  issue  profitable  to  himself, 
and,  in  consequence,  the  prospects  of  his 
successor  were  of  the  most  discouraging 
description.  **  My  outset  in  life,"  he  says, 
in  his  "Autobiography  of  a  Seaman," 
"  was  that  of  heir  to  a  peerage,  without 
other  expectations  than  those  arising  from 
my  own  exertions."  The  youth  always 
evinced  a  predilection  for  a  sailor's  life, 
and,  according  to  a  practice  that  then 
prevailed,  his  uncle,  the  Hon.  Alexander 
Cochrane,  placed  his  name  on  the  books 
of  his  ship,  the  "  Vesuvius,"  when  he  was 
only  five  years  old,  and  continued  it  on 
those  of  others,  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
him  a  few  years'  standing  whenever  he 
might  enter  the  service.  His  father,  how- 
ever, designed  him  for  the  army,  and  pro- 
cured him  a  commission  in  the  104th 
regiment  of  foot,  at  the  same  time  as  his 
name  was  on  the  books  of  his  uncle's  ship. 
At  last  the  youth  carried  his  point,  and 
joined  the  "  Hind"  frigate  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1793,  being  then  in  his  eighteenth 
year,  and  more  than  six  feet  high. 

His  reception  on  board,  as  narrated  by 
himself,  waH  not  encouraging.  Jack  Lar* 
mour,  the  first  lieutenant,  a  tar  of  the  old 
school,  took  offence  at  the  size  of  his  chesty 
and  swearing  that  no  young  lord  should 
bring  a  cabin  on  board,  he  ordered  it  to 
be  sawn  in  half.  But  he  soon  became  con* 
ciliated,  when  he  found  the  noble  mid* 
shipman  had  "  no  more  pride  in  his  heart 
than  money  in  his  pocket,"  (he  had  been 
equipped  by  a  loan  from  the  Earl  of  Hope- 
toun,)  and  taking  him  under  his  especial 
care,  he  made  him  in  time  a  thorough 
practical  seaman.  Lord  Cochrane's  first 
voyage  was  to  Norway,  then  he  served  on 
the  North  American  station,  and  became  a 
lieutenant  in  1796,  the  time  that  hit  name 
had  been  on  the  books  of  his  uncle's  va- 
rious ships  standing  him  in  good  stead. 

In  1798  he  was  taken  as  a  supernumerary 
to  the  Mediterranean  by  Lord  Keith,  was 
afterwards  temporarily  appointed  to  the 
*'Genereux,"  a  captured  French  74,  and 
next  was  made  master  and  commander, 
when  the  "  Speedy,"  a  sloop-of-war  of 
14  guns  and  54  men,  was  given  to  him, 
and  though  the  veggel  was,  as  he  declares, 
**  the  least  efficient  craft  on  the  station," 

4l 


670 


Obituary. — The  Earl  of  Dundonald,  G.C.B. 


[B 


lu8  activity  and  energy  were  such,  that 
in  the  ten  succeeding  months  he  took 
thirty -three  vessels,  carrying  in  all  128 
guns  and  533  men,  besides  assisting  at  the 
capture  of  many  others.  For  one  of  these, 
the  seizure  by  boarding  of  the  Spmi:<h 
frigate  "  El  Gamo,"  32  guns,  oflF  Barcelona, 
on  the  6th  of  Mtfy,  1801,  he  received  his 
commission  as  post-captain,  dtited  the 
8th  of  August  following.  He  also  suc- 
ceeded in  cutting  out  a  Spanish  convoy  at 
Oropcso,  lying  under  the  protection  of  a 
strong  battery  and  numerous  gunboats. 
On  the  3rd  of  July,  however,  the  "Speedy" 
was  herself  captured  by  the  French  squa- 
dron under  Admiral  Linois.  On  this  oc- 
casion Lord  Cochrane's  courtige  had  been 
so  conspicuous,  that,  on  presenting  his 
Bword  to  the  Oiptain  of  the  French  74» 
Dessaix,  it  was  returned  to  him,  with  the 
request  that  he  would  continue  to  wear 
what  he  had  so  nobly  used.  On  the  6th 
of  the  same  month  he  was  on  board  the 
French  squadron  when  attacked  by  Sir 
James  Saumarez  in  Algfsiras  Bay,  and 
being  soon  afterwards  exchanged,  he  re- 
turned to  England  and  went  on  half-pay. 

When  the  war  ogain  broke  out,  Lord 
Cochrane  was,  in  consequence  of  perse- 
vering applications  for  employment,  ap- 
pointed to  the  "Arab,"  22  guns,  from 
which  ship,  after  serving  at  the  blockade 
of  Boulogne,  he  removed,  December  8, 
1804>  to  the  "Pallas"  frigate,  32,  in 
which,  in  the  following  year,  he  was  sent 
out  with  despatches  to  his  uncle,  Admiral 
Sir  Alexander  Cochrone,  at  that  time 
employed  in  the  blockade  of  Ferrol.  Whilst 
cruiHing  o£f  the  Spanish  coast  in  March, 
1805,  he  made  a  considerable  numlier  of 
prizes;  among  which  was  tho  "  Fortuna," 
from  Rio  de  la  Plata  to  Corunna,  with 
specie  to  the  amount  of  £150,000,  besides 
a  cousidtrable  quantity  of  merchandise, 
and  as  mncli  of  this  was  the  private  pro- 
perty of  tiie  captain  and  the  supercargo, 
he  iuduceil  his  officers  and  crew  to  join 
him  in  making  them  a  present  of  5,000 
dollars  each.  From  this  time  to  the  year 
1800  l^rd  Cochrane  was  almost  constantly 
employinl  on  either  the  F^rench  or  the 
Spanish  coasts,  where  he  cut  out  numerous 
vessels,  stormi^l  batteries  and  burnt  signal- 


houses,  and  formed  plana  for  deftnr 
whole  fleets  at  their  anchorage.  In 
intervals  that  he  paused  on  shore  hi 
canip  M.P.,  first  for  Honiton,  and  a 
wards  for  Westmisttnr,  and  he  let  hit 
vigorously  to  work  to  eff«.-ct  a  reforx 
naval  abuses.  Thoa  he  became  obnoi 
to  the  Admiralty,  bat  his  reputation 
such  that  he  could  not  be  lefl  iinemplo 
and  at  last,  on  his  arrival  from  the  3d 
terranean  in  the  sprin^f  of  18Ui),  he 
consulted  as  to  a  propost-d  attack  < 
French  fleet  that  had  esciiped  from  Bi 
These  vessels  had  been  long  hhickadei 
Lord  Gbmbier  in  Brest,  buL  hud  got 
in  a  fog,  and  had  been  ch-iwed  into 
Basque -roads  by  Admiral  Stopford. 
Admiralty  wished  to  have  them  deatro 
but  Lord  Gambler  deemed  an  attadi 
them  too  hasardoos.  Lord  Cochrane 
dertook  the  task  with  a  number  of  I 
ships,  which  on  the  night  of  the  11  ti 
April  did  a  great  amount  of  daraagi 
the  enemy.  The  officers  of  the  fleet  « 
naturally  displeased  to  have  a  young  < 
tain  placed  over  their  heads,  and  the 
miral  was  thought  not  to  have  soonn 
Lord  Cochrane  as  promptly  as  he  mi 
have  done.  The  result  was  a  ooart'ii 
tial,  before  wbidi  Lord  Gambier  deftro 
himsi'lf  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  judge 
not  of  the  public,  and  was  hononralJy 
quitted.  Lord  Cochrane  waa  madi 
Knight  of  Uie  Bath,  but  he  was  "  a  mar 
man,"  and,  after  givii-g  farther  oSiene 
the  Government,  by  various  "inen 
nient"  motions  in  Parliauent^  he 
superseded.  Soon  after  this  he  lisi 
Malta,  where  be  had  a  long-standing  qi 
rel  with  the  prize-court,  the  cfaargvi 
which  were  so  scandalonnly  eaorbit 
that  the  condemuition  of  priiee  oi 
cost  more  than  tbey  were  worth, 
active  officers  like  Lord  Cochrane  fa 
themselves  mulcted  in  large  ■oms 
having  done  thdr  duty  and  made  c 
turcs.  He  posseaid  lumaelf  by  fbro 
the  ofiicial  table  of  fees,  whidi  had  I 
hid  away  in  a  doset,  at  it  did  not  nnd 
a  tenth  of  the  charges  made ;  for  thii 
was  committed  to  prison  by  the  oonrt, 
after  a  time  he  made  his  sie^w.  He 
turned  to  Englandf  Mid  bruoght  Use  i 


/> 


C72 


Obituary. — The  Earl  of  Cawdor. 


[B 


the  sanction  of  the  Crown.  He  is  also  un- 
derstood to  have  suggested  several  valu- 
able hints  for  the  improvement  of  our 
steam  navy.  During  the  late  war  with 
Russia,  his  lordship  wrote  to  various  mem- 
bers of  the  Government,  offering  to  de- 
stroy Sebastopol  in  a  few  hours,  with  per- 
fect security  to  our  own  forces;  but  his 
plans,  after  examination  by  a  committee, 
were  rejected. 

The  personul  appearance  of  the  Earl 
has  been  thus  de«cribed : — "  Fancy  to  your- 
self a  broad-built  Scotchman,  rather  seared 
than  conquered  by  age,  with  hairs  of  snowy 
white,  and  a  face  in  which  intellect  still 
beams  through  traces  of  struggle  and  sor- 
row, and  the  marks  of  eighty  years  of 
active  life.  A  slight  stoop  takes  away 
from  a  height  that  is  almost  commanding. 
Add  to  these  a  vision  of  good  old-fashioned 
courtesy  colouring  the  whole  man,  his  gcs- 
tur«>8  and  speech,  and  you  have  some  idea 
of  the  Karl  of  Dundonald  in  June  1855." 

The  Earl  was  honoured  with  a  public 
funeral  in  Westminster  Abbey,  which  was 
attended  by  one  of  his  oldest  political  as- 
sociates, I/ord  Brougham. 


The  Eatil  of  Cawdor. 

Nov.  7.  At  Stack]>oole  Court,  Pem- 
brokeshire, nged  70,  John  Frederick  Camp- 
bell, Earl  of  Cawdor. 

His  lordship  was  born  on  the  8th  of  No- 
vember, 17iK),  and  was  tlio  son  of  the  first 
Baron  Cawdor,  by  his  wife,  the  l^iidy  Isa- 
bella, daughter  of  the  fifth  Karl  of  Car- 
lisle. He  succeeded  to  the  title  June  1, 
1S25,  and  WJI8  raised  to  the  dignity  of  an 
earl  in  1827.  On  the  15th  of  September, 
181(),  he  married  Lady  Elizal)etli  Thynne, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  then  Manjuis  of 
Bath.  A  large  family  resulteil  fVom  this 
union.  His  eldest  son,  ViM*ount  Emlyn, 
who  Rucc(.'ed8  to  the  title,  has  represi^nted 
renibrokeshiro  in  several  Parliaments, 
and  nmrritHl,  in  18^2,  the  Hon.  Miss  Ca- 
vendish. The  eldest  daughter  of  the  de- 
ceased pj^r,  Lmly  Emily  Caroline,  is  mar- 
ried to  the  Hon.  Octavius  Duncombe,  of 
Wareslcy-park. 

The  late  Karl  was  Lord -Lieu  tenant  and 
Custos  Botuloruni    of   Carmarthenshire, 


a  fi&inily  trustee  of  the  British  Muse 

D.C.L.  and  F.R.S.     Thoagh  hu  lord 

never  took  a  prominent  part   in  pu 

matters  beyond  the   limits  of  his 

neighbourhood,  yet  he  so  efiectoally  % 

himself  to  all  the  duties  of  his  station, 

specially  he  ^d  bo  much  in  the  wa; 

cliurch  restoration,  that  sonae  notiei 

what  ho  was  as  a  landowner  and  cour 

gentleman  seems  due  to  his  eminent  m 

in  these  respects.     He  was  constanti 

be  found  in  his  place  on  the  ma^istn 

bench,  and  tlirough  the  winter  his  be 

was  a  centre  of  hospitality    for  all 

neighbouring  rcudents,  to  a  limit  be 

what  is  usually  reckoned  as  tlie  lin«i 

demarcation  for  county  society.     Clcr 

mon,  medical  men,  and  lawyers  had 

advantage  of  meeting  at  his  table  tb 

from  whose  intercourse  they  could  get 

struction  and  help.     If  a  stranger  a 

into  Pembrokeshire  on  any  matter  of  p 

lie  interest,  he  was  sare  of  being  invi 

to    Stackpoole.     The   churches   in    t 

neighbourhood,  though  possessing  remi 

able  architectural  features,  were  ten  t< 

ago  in  a  sad  state  of  neglect,  but  in 

contiguous  parishes  where  L<^  Cav 

had  property,  (Cboriton,  St.  Petroi, 

sheston,  CHistlcmartin,  Warren,  St.  IW 

nol's,)  as  well  as  at  Gulden  Qrovc,  on 

Carmarthenshire  estate,   he   rebmlt 

parish  churches,  reproducing  their  sr 

tectural  featun-s  in  more  than  their 

ginal  beauty.     Perhaps,  under  the  circ 

stances,  there  was  no  way  in  which 

expenditure  of  an  equal  sum  could  fa 

done  more  to  enrich  and   improve 

neighbourhood.     In  one  case,  where 

Sunday  attendance  had  frequently  fa 

under  ten,  the  congregation  in  the 

stored  church  would  more  than  ocr 

the  whole  available  space,  so  as  to  o^ 

flow  at  the  door— not  simply  on  aooa 

of  the  restoration,  bat  because  it  was  c 

to  find  a  zealous  pastor  for  the  new  chv 

in  the  place  of  the  former  curate.  ^ 

useil  to  ride  over  from  a  distance  tc 

one  service  in  the  dilapidated  fabric, 

free  hhnself,  as  soon  as  possible  after 

task  was  over,  of  his  damp  aenrice, 

all  recollection  of  his  Sunday  charge. 

work  of  church  restoratioa.  u  nughi  1 


/• 


18G0.]     Obituary. — TJie  Earl  of  Cawdor.— Earl  Manvers,        673 


been  expected,  proved  infections  in  the 
parishes  (Angle  and  Carew)  on  either  side 
of  Lord  Cawdor's  property.  Lord  Cawdor 
took  a  first-class  at  Oxford  in  LitertB 
JIumaniores,  and  had  a  choice  library,  of 
which  he  made  through  life  excellent  use. 


Eael  Mantebs. 

Oct.  27.  At  Thoresby-park,  near  Oiler - 
ton,  aged  82,  Charles  Herbert  Pierrepont, 
Earl  Manvers,  Viscount  Newark,  and 
Baron  Pierrepont  of  Holme  Pierrepont,  in 
the  Peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

The  deceased  was  the  second  son  of 
Charles,  the  first  Earl  Manvers,  and  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1778.  Ho  at  an  early  age 
cnttred  the  navy,  with  the  intention  of 
adopting  that  service  as  bis  profession, 
but,  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  his 
elder  brother  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  at 
the  request  of  his  father  be  relinquished 
the  profession,  after  serving  nine  years. 
Some  years  before  succeeding  his  father  as 
earl,  which  he  did  in  June,  1816,  he  sat 
in  the  House  of  Commons  for  Notting- 
hamshire, namely,  from  1801  to  1816. 
He  married,  August  23,  1804,  Mary  Lo- 
titia,  eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  Anthony 
Hardolph  Eyre,  of  Grove-park,  Notts., 
(who  died  only  a  month  before  him,)  by 
whom  he  leaves  an  only  surviving  son  and 
two  daughters,  namely,  Viscount  Newark, 
M.P.;  Lady  Mary,  born  March  16,  1819, 
and  married  Aug.  21, 18  i5,  to  Mr.  Edward 
C.  Egerton,  M.P.  j  and  Lady  Aurora,  bom 
Sept.  11, 1822,  and  married  Aug.  18, 1853, 
to  Mr.  Charles  Watkin  Williams  Wynn. 
He  is  succeeded  in  the  family  honours  by 
his  son,  Sydney  Wm.  Newark,  Viscount 
Nt'wark,  M.P.,  who  was  born  March  12, 
1H25,  and  married  June  15,  1852,  Mdlle. 
(iL'orgiana,  daughter  of  the  Duke  de 
Coi^^ny.  The  present  Earl  was  educated 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxfonl,  where  he  gra- 
du;it»d  li.A.  in  1846,  and  was  appointed 
Captain  of  the  South  Wilts  Yeomanry 
('jivalry  in  1851,  and  in  1854  made  a 
Deputy-Lieutenant  of  that  county.  At 
the  general  election  in  1852  he  was  re- 
turned to  the  House  of  Commons  for  that 
c«>unty,  which  he  has  represented  ever 
si  me,  and  which  becomes  vacant  by  his 
elevation  to  the  House  of  Peers. 


The  late  Earl,  whose  charities  were  most 
extensive,  was,  by  his  munificent  benevo- 
lence, chiefly  instrumental  in  the  esta- 
blishment of  St.  Mary's  Hospital  in  Pad- 
dington,  of  which  institution  he  was  Pre- 
sident, and  be  was  a  generous  benefactor  to 
the  Koyal  Naval  School.  His  lordship  has 
died  immensely  rich,  having  large  landed 
estates  in  the  counties  of  Nottingham, 
York,  Derby,  Lincoln,  &e.,  together  with 
large  possessions  in  London,  the  principal 
portion  of  the  city  of  Bath,  and  the  patron 
of  fourteen  livings.  As  a  landlord.  Earl 
Manvers  has  been  proverbially  one  of  the 
best  in  England,  and,  in  consequence,  for 
a  long  period  has  been  blessed  with  a 
hap[)y  and  cx)ntented  tenantry.  The  large 
sums  expended  in  permanent  and  other 
improvements  on  his  various  estates  added 
greatly  to  his  tenantry's  individual  suc- 
cess and  prosperity,  whilst  the  r(^lar 
employment  of  so  large  a  number  of  work- 
people has  been  productive  of  the  greatest 
benefits  to  the  surrounding  neighbourhood. 
Such  was  the  high  respect  in  which  his 
Lordship  was  held  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  his  residence,  that  on  Aug.  31,  1858, 
a  beautiful  testimonial  of  esteem  and  re- 
spect was  presented  to  him  on  the  cricket- 
ground  at  OUerton,  by  the  inhabitants  of 
that  town  and  of  the  adjacent  district,  on 
his  lordship  having  attained  his  eightieth 
year.  But  on  Oct.  15  following,  if  pos- 
sible a  more  gratifying  testimonial  was 
presented  to  him,  at  Edwinstowe,  by  bis 
numerous  tenantry  from  various  parts  of 
the  country.  This  was  a  beautiful  casket, 
containing  an  address,  and  which  was  pre- 
sented on  behalf  of  the  rest  by  Mr.  W. 
Dunn  of  Sheffield. 

The  ancient  family  of  Pierrepont  en- 
joyed the  titles  of  Earl  and  Duke  of  Eing^ 
ston,  and  Marquis  of  Dorchester,  which 
titles  became  extinct  by  the  death  of  the 
last  Duke,  in  1773.  IVances,  his  sister, 
married  Mr.  Philip  Meadows.  Of  their 
family  of  five  sons,  the  second,  Charlee, 
(his  elder  brother,  Evelyn  Philip,  being 
disinherited,)  succeeded  by  devise  to  the 
estates  of  his  uncle,  the  last  Duke  of 
Kingston,  after  the  death  of  bis  Duchess, 
on  which  event  occurring  ^^  took  the 
name  of  Pierrepont.     He  ^^  ^^  ^^^J» 


671    The  Bp.  of  Worcester.— The  Rev.  James  Blade,  M.A.     [] 


■I  I 


1796.  ra'sL'd  to  the  peerage  as  Visooant 
Newiirk  and  Baron  Rerrepont,  and  was 
created  Earl  Man  vera  in  1806. 


The  Bishop  ot  Wobcestxb. 

Nov.  13.  At  Hartlebury  Castle,  aged 
77,  the  Right  Rev.  Henry  Pepys,  D.D., 
Lord  Bi-hop  of  Worcister. 

The  dcct'ased  prolate  was  the  third  son 
of  Sir  William  Weller  IVpys,  by  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  W.  Dowdes- 
well,  and  was  bom  in  Wim pole-street  in 
1783.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
B.A.  in  1804,  and  was  subsequently  Fellow 
of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  M.A.  in  1807,  B.I),  in  1814, 
and  D.l).  in  1840;  was  Prebendary  of 
Wells  from  1836  to  1840,  and  Rector  of 
Moreton,  Essex,  from  1822  to  1810,  and 
Rector  of  VVestmill,  Hertfordshire,  from 
1827  to  1840.  In  the  latter  year  he  was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  and 
was  tnmsluted  to  the  see  of  Worcester  in 
18-n.  He  marrii^  in  182-1  the  tliird 
duughterof  the  Right  Hon.  John  Snllivan, 
and  granddaughter  of  the  Earl  of  Buck- 
inghamshire. In  the  House  of  Lords,  ac- 
cording to  "  Hansard,"  the  Bishop  spoke 
but  twice ;  once  in  18-18,  agaiiist  a  peti- 
tion from  the  Worcester  Diocesan  Society, 
which  complained  of  the  obnoxioiis  "  man- 
agement clauses;"  and  in  1849,  in  favour 
of  a  petition  from  certain  clergymen  in 
Scotland,  who  desired  to  be  delivered  i'rom 
their  allegiance  to  the  bishops  of  the 
Church  in  that  counti-y.  He  voted  for 
the  union  of  the  sees  of  St.  A8ai)li  and 
Bangor,  (against  Lord  Powis's  Bill  for 
the  repeal  of  that  union);  for  the  en- 
dowment of  Maynooth;  for  the  repeal 
of  the  Corn  Laws ;  for  the  repeal  of  the 
Navigation  Laws;  for  the  Jew  Bill;  for 
the  Divorce  Bill.  After  this  enumeration 
it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  in  reli- 
gious matters  his  Lorcship  was  not  what 
is  called  a  High  Churchman ;  but  it  would 
be  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  he  was  in- 
clined to  the  opposite  extreme. 


Thb  Riv.  jASfBS  Slade,  M.A. 
[We  comply  with  a  request  made,  and 
Insert  the  following  Memoir  in  addition 


to  the  brief  notice  that  hai  alread; 
peared*.] 

May  15.  At  the  residence  of  his  bn 
(William  Slade,  esq.,  Crompton  Fold 
ton -le- Moors)  »ged  77,  the  Rev.  J 
Slade,  M.A.,  Senior  Canoo  of  Chestei 
Rector  of  West  Kirby. 

The  deceased  was  the  eldest  son 
clergyman  of  the  same  name  and 
and  was  bom  at  Daventry,  Northani 
May  2, 1783.  Both  fkthir  and  sou 
educated  at  Emmanuel  College,  Cambi 
and  obtained  fellowships  on  that  foi 
tion,  the  younger  haying  gradnati 
1804,  a  year  in  which  the  future  B 
Kaye  was  Senior  Wrangler,  Monk,  B 
of  Gloucester,  seventh,  and  Mr.  I 
ninth  on  the  list.  Althongh  he  be 
Tutor  at  Emmanuel,  he  did  not  re 
any  college  living;  but  earlj  in  life 
quiring  the  friendship  of  the  late  Bi 
Law,  whose  daughter  Augnsta  he  mai 
in  18 1 2,  to  this  connection  he  was  indc 
for  his  Church  preferment^  which 
never  more  deservedly  or  honoorabh 
stowed  than  in  this  instance. 

Having  acted  as  examining  chap 
On  which  capacity  he  prodaeed  his 
work,  two  volames  of  annotations  on 
Epistles,  designed  for  companion  voln 
and  to  be  supplementary  to  BUey's  1 
on  the  foor  Gospels.)  in  1816  his  bi 
appointed  him  to  a  prebendal  stsl 
Chester  Cathedral,  and  in  the  fblkr 
year  to  the  extensive  but  poorlj  endc 
vicarage  of  Bolton-le-Moors.  To  tbfa 
canonry  was  a  mere  set -oil;  and  aflb 
the  yoong  vicar  something  like  an  adeq 
recompense  for  the  ardnoas  lahoon  \ 
which  he  entered  in  the  prime  of  i 
manhood,  and  anremittedly  and  catel 
pursued  until  he  had  passed  the  tl 
score  yean  and  ten  of  man's  psohatit 
portion  of  the  wealth  of  the  monks  oi 
Werburgh  serving  as  a  seasonable  su 
to  the  ret  angtutm  of  the  impoveri 
benefice  of  Bolton.  And  his  ntentki 
a  second  living  along  with  hit  canonr 
always  defended  on  the  plea  that  he  • 
all  he  got  at  Bolton  in  the  place.  In 
town  he  was  best  known  and  sppira 
for  one  of  the  most  jn^dou  and  p 

•Gi=i.T.MAo.,Jul,,neo.p.»7. 


^ 


4' 


I860.]         Obititary. — The  Rev.  John  Parker,  M.A. 


675 


taking,  orthodox  and  efficient  parish  priesta 
which  oar  day  has  seen ;  and  in  it»  with 
the  weight  of  an  ever-aecnmnlating  re* 
sponsibility,  1^  may  be  tmly  said  th«t  he 
planned,  and  toiled,  and  i^ient  %  lilb  for 
the  good  of  others.  The  originator  of 
many  of  the  charitable  and  beneyolant  in« 
stitutions  in  this  large  town,  he  was  ever 
afterwards  the  presiding  geoins  in  thdr 
efficient  management,  and  their  generous 
supporter.  While  verifying  Herbert's  d«- 
scription  of  ''the  parson  in  his  oomplet*- 
ness,  who  desires  to  be  all  to  his  parish, 
and  not  only  pastor,  bat  a  lawyer  ako  and 
a  physician,"  in  a  qoasl'kgal  mid  medical 
capacity  alike  he  lored  to  be  oonsolted  in 
any  matter  where  his  advice  or  judgment 
would  be  of  service  to  his  poorer  parish* 
ioners;  and  for  this  purpose  it  waa  hie 
onstom  to  pass  most  momingt  in  hia  U* 
brary,  to  which  all  appHcaata  were  wel- 
eomed  with  a  doe  share  of  attentkm  and 
civility.  Night-schools,  ringing* classes, 
and  the  catechetical  leetnre  are  iq^pliancea 
of  which  the  town  pastor  ui  the  present 
day  most  avail  himself,  and  in  the  direo* 
tion  of  all  these  the  late  ^ear  of  Bolton 
was  a  pattern  to  hia  brethrsn  who  are 
similarly  ciroumstanced.  On  fimr  eveninga 
in  the  week  he  refosed  any  engagementa 
which  would  take  him  from  these  bdoved 
duties  aqd  devoted  purtcnta.  One  anecdote 
may  suffice  to  denote  the  untiring  energf 
of  the  man.  On  the  thurty-sevinth  anni* 
versary  of  hii  indnetion  to  Bcltoa,  the 
writer  heard  him  remaxl[,  thai  he  bad 
been  absent  from  duty  only  ten  Snadaya. 
There  are  few  such  examplea  of  ministerial 
devotion  on  record. 

With  what  reenlts  he  hOxNired  there  is 
abundant  testimony,  if  only  in  the  erectlca 
and  organisation  of  one  of  the  largest 
Sunday -schools  in  the  kingdom  i  and  hi 
which,  for  the  divine  instmetlou  which 
they  received  ft'om  his  honoured  lip%  thon* 
sands  will  have  canst*  to  bleis  Qod  through 
eternity.  Indeed,  it  was  qoite  remarkable 
what  a  repute  the  Bolton  school  had;  bi« 
shops,  clergy,  and  people  generally  int»i 
rested  in  the  cause  of  edncatJon,  coming  to 
see  it,  and  to  be  made  acqnainted  with  lie 
management,  while  even  in  epieeopal 
charges  it  was  qtecially  conuModed. 


As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Slade  was  "plain 
and  practical,"  and  with  this  title  ap- 
pended to  them,  seven  volumes  of  his  ser* 
moos  were  given  to  the  pubUe.  If  report 
be  tme;,  they  have  done  good  service  in 
other  pulpits  berides  their  anthor^s;  If  so, 
ladling  his  inimitable  andeflbctive  mamiflr, 
it  ia  posnble  they  may  have  passed  Ibr  less 
valuable  iirodoetions  than  they  reaQy  are. 

In  addition  to  these  discourses,  he  pub- 
lished an  npfauMtioii  of  the  FnlsM^  (Us 
favourite  work,)  and  which  has  long  been 
on  the  list  of  the  ChristSaB  Knowledge 
Society  \  %  very  esceQent  manual  Ibr  the 
VisitatloB  of  the  Sick,  bow  fat  the  sixth 
editioB;  and  various  other  wietm  writings 
in  the  fbrm  of  lectures  and  oesaslonal  ser- 
I9CIIS.  The  kst  of  three,  he  preached  and 
prhited  at  the  Bishop's  request,  cm  ths 
consecration  of  the  new  diunA  at  Bright- 
mel,  and  which  received  the  ceropttaiien* 
taiy  dcdicatkm  of  Ids  Christian  nasae  (•■ 
another  church  had,  years  beAvsi  of  his 
cdlege  at  Cambridge)  In  eonsldeMitloii  of 
a  Uheral  donvUon  wUdi  he  nade^  and  of 
the  deep  rtepeet  entertained  te  him* 
Soon  afterwards  he  resigBcd  Bdton  Ibr 
the  Lass  es  tanstive  kbous  of  Us  countiy 
cure  s  iKit  he  was  ones  more  to  Mnm  to 
11^  to  end  his  dsys  where  he  had  so  lonf 
and euceeeeftdly laboured.  Romhis  bio- 
therms  houses  a4iscent  to  the  new  ehardi 
In  questlcn,  his  remains  wwe  homsb  with 
all  the  honour  whidi  could  he  paid  witboul 
pageantry  and  ostentation,  in  the  preeenet 
of  two  bishops^  a  koge  body  ef  the  local 
clergy,  and  great  numbers  ef  suriuwlng 
peoplec  Monday  the  IMi  ef  May  was 
among  the  bright  days  ef  this  dull  year» 
aiid  as  the  uncovered  ssssmWsgi  »tood  by 
the  grave-aMe  of  the  di-paiM^  whenre  m 
estenrive  pro^ieot  spSenas  ovt  over  tho 
town  and  distant  moorsof  the  ffuW^  llMgr 
could  nol»  hi  their  gomdne  iOiiow  ftr  tho 
deported,  lUl  to  thfaik  of  thoeo  IMoBf 
hOxmit  which  had  lUllofred  hfan  farto  tlnl 
hotter  world  wbeni  <'Ui  snn  sholl  no 
mere  go  down."* 


Tn  Bit.  Jour  PASxn»  M  JL 
A»$.  18.  AtiheVicsrag^U«>-7*BMU 
wen,  Shrdpehfapo^  .ged  61,tlio  B«r.  J«fcn 
BvlHr^  M JL«  of  0^:^  CuHege,  OiM,  sbA 


g;g 


Obituary. — The  Rev.  John  Parker^  ALA. 


[I 


of  Swcoiipy-hall,   near  OswcBtrj-,   Rural 
Dian  of  Lluiigollen,  and  Vicar  of  Llan-y- 

Blodwell. 

John  Parker,  second  son  of  Thomas 
Netherton  Parker,  of  Sweeney -hall,  co. 
Salop,  to  which  estate  he  succeeded  in 
1854,  was  horn  Oct.  3,  1798,  and  was 
educated  at  Kton,  and  Oriel  Collepje,  Ox- 
ford, where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A. 
and  entered  into  Holy  Orders.    After  a 
I^robationary  service  at  Knockin  and  More- 
ton  Chapel,  he  was  instituted  by  l)r.  Lux- 
uioore.  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  to  the  rectory 
of  I^lanmarewic,  in  Montgomeryshire,  in 
1827.   For  sixteen  years  he  held  this  cure, 
and  during  the  whole  of  that  period  may 
almost  be  said  to  have  been  buried   in 
oblivion,     llcctory-house  there  was  none, 
and  he  was  forced  to  live  at  a  farm-house. 
But  in  this  retired  district  he  lal)onred  at 
his  church,  adding  to  it  a  small  but  exceed- 
ingly elegant  tower,  also  a  south  porch, 
and    other   architectural    embellishments 
as  his  limited  means  allowed.    These  were 
the  first  results  of  a  long  previous  appli- 
cation to  the  study  of  architecture,  and 
although   ho  turned   his  mind  to  other 
varied  subjects,  and  attained  a  high  i)ro- 
fu'icncy  in  more  than  one,  it  is  more  eHi>c- 
cially  as  connected  with  architecture  that 
we    would    desire    to  commemorate    his 
wofks. 

In  1835,  when  a  new  church  was  alK}ut 
to  be  erected  in  the  neighb<mring  town  of 
Oswestry,  and,  as  is  ofien  the  case,  small 
funds  only  were  forthcoming  to  meet  large 
rccpiirenientK,  he  interested  himself  deeply 
in  the  undertaking,  and  {;ave  his  all  but 
professional  knowledge  to  the  design.  The 
chancel  and  vaulted  apse  he  entirely  un- 
dertook to  build,  and  the  radical  difficulties 
of  a  square  interior  have  1)een  cleverly  and 
successfully  overcome  with  a  treatment  of 
rich  ])endunt8  and  wood- vaulting.  To 
those  who  are  engaged  in  the  building  of 
capacious  churches  with  limited  mcam*. 
Trinity  Church,  Oswestry,  will  atft>rd  an 
interesting  example  of  what  may  Ims  ef- 
fected. The  cc»st  was  bttwi'cn  £;3,000  and 
£i,UOO,  and  it  will  contain  about  8CH) 
p('oi)le. 

In   18-14  Mr.  Parker  was  promoted  to 
the  vicarage  of  Llau*y- Blodwell,  in  Shrop- 
1.3 


shire,  a  delightful  ipot  on  the  bul 

the  Tanat,  and  it  ii  here,  the  scene  a 

longest  and  latett  laboura,  that  he  hei 

the  greatest  records  of   his   art. 

church,  connstiDg  of  a  small  nare 

north  u&le,  under  two  rooft.  which  su 

years  ago  he  found  in  a  state  of  mc 

homeliness,  he  has  almost  entirely  h 

grccs  rchuilt  at  his  own  expense,  and 

his  own  designs.    The  windows  at 

south  side  present  an  example  of  the 

plest  tracery,  and  the  north  and  west 

are  elegant  adaptations  of  the  Early  \ 

lish  style.    The  tower,  an  octagon 

a  domical  spire  100  fL  high,  demandi 

peculiar  attention  of  the  professional  s 

tect.     luude,  much  consideration  an 

hour  has  been  bestowed  on  chrcmati 

coration;    the  altar-piece   (carved  i 

years  ago  by  his  own  hand)  is  richly 

minated.      The  folisge    and   the  st 

painting  throughout  liave  hecn  most  • 

fully  deugned   and    executed,   and 

wood-carving  of  the  chancel-screen,  L 

put  up,  is  an  example  of  the  very 

Badnorshire  wood-work.     Xor  sboul 

omit  to  mention  the  galleiy  at  the 

end,  a  beautifbl  structure  of  wood 

ported  on  stone  pillara  with  wooden  i 

drihi,  and  thus  converted  into  a  gra 

and  pleasing  accessor^*,  instead  of  b 

ss  it  usually  is*  an  unsightly  olgcct, 

an  obstacle  to  church  restoration.   Ai 

time  of  his  death  Mr.  IVu-ker  was  eng 

in   the  re-pcwiig  of  the   whole  q< 

church,  which  he  hsd  undertaken  a  i 

time  l)efurc  the  crmmencement  of  lu 

illness. 

AV-out  two  years  ago  he  oomplel 
new  school  and  master's  house;  the 
end  of  the  former  is  a  fine  piece  of  s 
tectural  ccmpoBition.  The  lowest  wii 
is  an  exquisite  design  of  flowing  ttw 
it  exhibits  an  example  of  the  round 
flowing  cosp,  which  latterly  Mr.  1^ 
used  almost  exclusively  in  window  o 
iiigs,  and  which,  from  its  great  adTsn 
in  glaxing  and  security  from  ii^ury, 
some  day  become  more  generally  adi>| 
Throughout  the  whole  of  the  sc 
huildingfl,  ixccpt  in  tlua  one  part 
plainest  and  severest  forms  of  Early 
lish  have  been  closely  fulkmed.  The 


/ 


I860.]  Obituary. — The  Rev.  John  Parker,  M.A. 


677 


style  has  been  carefully  adhered  to  in  the 
alterations  at  the  Vicarage.  It  was  this 
styU  of  the  thirteenth  century  in  England 
which,  modified  according  to  the  practical 
requirements  of  the  age,  he  always  main- 
tained was  best  adapted,  both  in  construc- 
tion and  convenience,  for  the  buildings  of 
the  present  day ;  and  it  was  the  develope- 
ment  and  modification  of  this  style  which 
he  set  himself  to  accomplish. 

Born,  as  he  was,  at  a  period  when  ar- 
chitecture had  reached  its  lowest  state  of 
degradation,  when  church  architecture 
was  unknown,  and  churches  were  uncared 
for,— devoted  from  very  early  years  to  the 
study  of  that  art  in  which  not  less  as  a 
craftsman  than  as  a  draughtsman  he  was 
peculiarly  skilled, — an  intimate  and  friend 
of  earnest-minded  Britton,  he  formed  one 
of  that  scattered  few  who  sought  by  intense 
study  of  the  originals  to  regain  the  long- 
lost  principles  of  Gothic  art ;  and  he  lived 
to  see  those  principles  acknowledged  and 
firmly  established  in  the  ecclesiastical  ar- 
chitecture of  this  country. 

We  have  elsewhere  termed  his  know- 
ledge "all  but  professional."  He  never 
himself  pretended  to  the  technical  in- 
formation of  the  professional  architect; 
but  those  who  knew  him  best  can  tell 
that  in  deep  architectural  feeling  he 
equalled,  if  he  did  not  excel,  any  living 
architect,  and  more  than  one  member  of 
the  profession  has  borne  a  generous  testi- 
mony to  his  talents  and  his  knowledge. 

Mr.  Parker's  love  of  plants  and  pro- 
ficiency in  botany  almost  equalled  his 
devotion  to  architecture,  and  his  flower 
landscapes  not  merely  testify  his  love  for 
flowers,  but  the  wondrous  artistic  skill 
with  which  he  pourtrayed  them.  Ten  years 
in  succession  he  visited  Snowdon  and  its 
vicinity,  whose  picturesque  beauties  had 
great  attractions  for  him.  Every  year 
furnished  additional  proofs  of  his  great 
powers  as  a  draughtsman.  Landscape 
scenery,  Gothic  churches,  and  their  in- 
ternal decorations  alike  contributed  to  en- 
rich his  collections.  He  was  no  servile 
imitator,  but  an  original  designer,  and  his 
knowledge  of  the  principles  of  his  art  was 
only  equalled  by  the  facility  of  his  exe- 
cution. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


One  result  of  his  frequent  rambles 
through  the  Principality  appeared  in  the 
form  of  a  dialogue  between  three  gentle- 
men on  a  tour  through  North  Wales, 
which  first  came  out  in  the  "Cambrian 
Quarterly  Magazine,"  but  which  he  pub- 
lished in  1831  under  the  title  of  the 
**  Passengers ;"  to  which  he  added,  in 
illustration  of  an  argument  incidental  to 
the  subject,  a  poem  called  "The  Celtic 
Annals,"  as  a  specimen  of  Greek  versifica- 
tion in  the  English  lang^ge.  The  work 
is  illustrated  by  engravings  from  his  own 
drawings. 

"  Let  me  not  be  thought  inconsistent," 
he  says  in  the  Preface, "  when  I  advocate 
the  cause  of  Greek  versification  while  I 
shun  classic  allusions  and  become  a  parti- 
zan  of  the  Gothic  architect.  In  matters 
relating  to  mere  language,  the  South  shall 
ever  be  my  instructor;  but  for  thought, 
for  knowledge,  and  architecture,  I  apply 
to  that  beautiful  home  of  the  true  faith, 
my  own  native  England." 

This  work  was  never  continued,  but 
enough  remains  to  shew  the  thorough 
mastery  which  Mr.  Parker  had  attained 
over  every  subject  which  he  undertook ; 
and  the  most  casual  reader  cannot  fidl  to 
remark  the  brilliancy  of  his  imagination 
and  the  playfulness  of  his  wit. 

The  last  years  of  his  life  he  passed  in 
comparative  seclusion,  devoted  to  artistic 
and  literary  pursuits,  and  the  duties 
of  his  profession.  The  building  which 
he  daily  superintended,  and  the  state 
of  his  health,  never  very  strong,  kept 
him  from  moving  much  from  home;  in 
receiving  friends,  however,  his  hospi- 
tality was  unbounded,  and  notfamg  gave 
him  greater  pleasure  than  thus  enjoying 
the  society  of  those  who  visited  him.  But 
few  knew  his  wonderful  talents,  or  were 
aware  of  the  extreme  sennbiHty  of  his 
mind ;  fewer  still  could  appreciate  the 
very  rare  refinements  of  that  mind  and 
the  originality  of  that  genius. 

Mr.  Parker  was  local  secretary  of  the 
Cambrian  Archssological  Association,  in 
whose  Journal*  will  be  found  a  striking 
testimony  to  his  taste,  his  sdence,  and 


•  Aroh£Dologia  GambreDsU,  Series  in.    No. 
zxiv.  p.  S17. 


Obituary. — John  Pechell,  Eaq, 


bia  leuiiiDg.  Such  gifla  as  these,  rare  in 
thdr  Beponttu  eicellence,  but  wonderful 
in  th«ir  combinsUoa,  belonged  to  the 
•ound  divine,  tbe  profooud  ccholar,  nnd 
tbe  good  man,  u  well  u  to  tbe  excellent 
antiquary,  tbe  flniabed  artiit,  and  the 
acieutific  architect  whose  death  it  ii  our 
painful  tAflli  to  bave  to  record. 

WujJAn  Hewitsos,  Esq. 

Oct.  28.  In  Cambridge-temce,  Hjde- 
park,  William  Hewitson,  Esq.,  late  Com- 
misBOTy-Qeneral. 

Previously  to  lui  ontering  the  Com- 
miasiuiat  in  1S06,  he  wu  a  midibipman 
in  the  East  India  Company's  Marine,  and 
was  present,  in  180^  on  board  the  "  Earl 
Camilen,"  Commodore  Dance,  in  tbe  me- 
morablo  action  and  repnbe  by  the  China 
fleet  of  the  French  squadron,  under  Ad- 
miral Limui,  off  tbe  Straits  of  Bingapom. 
In  1806,  at  the  taking  of  the  Cape  of 
tiood  Hope,  be  rectived  a  severe  contusion 
when  In  eoDHDand  of  a  boat  landing  troopi 
in  Lospardo-bay,  and  he  snbaequontlj  was 
present  with  a  party  of  leHmen  at  the 
bnttle  of  Blueberg.  In  1811-12  he  served 
on  the  frontier,  in  Commissariat  charge, 
with  tbo  force  ander  Colonel  Grabain, 
employed  in  expelling  tba  Kaffirs  from  the 
Zeurfcldt.  In  1814-15  bo  served  with 
tbe  army  in  North  America,  and,  on  the 
terminution  of  bostilitieii,  on  a  special 
mission  in  the  United  »U(«s.  His  last 
lutive  service  was  with  the  army  of  occn- 
pation  in  Frano). 

John  l*itcnBLL,  Eiq. 

Nov.  5.  At  Hull,  aged  68,  John  Pe- 
dicll,  Esq.  J.P.,  of  KingHton -upon- Hull, 
and  of  Ouilderoy-bouee,  Derbyshire,  elde«t 
son  of  tbo  late  Samuel  Pccbel),  of  Wain- 
flcFt,  wliose  death  is  mentioned  in  the 
Obituary  of  this  Magazine  for  Jan.  1797. 

Hie  liiuiily  name  bus  been  apelt  in 
variona  ways,  among  others,  "  Pechell," 
"I'ccccl!,"  "Peaehell,"  and  "Potcbell," 
A  Peccell,  according  to  tbe  Battle  Abbey 
lloll,  wjs  among  tbe  noblemen  and  gen- 
tlemen who  accompnnied  Duko  William, 
and  from  private  documentary  evidence 
it  appears  that  so  long  ago  as  tbe  time  oT 


lUcbard  Cocur-de-Uon,  tbe  nis 
Peacbley,  in  the  eonnty  of  Worceal 
among  the  poweanonB  of  this  firniil; 
garding  this  manor,  Naah,  in  his 
tiona  fi^  the  "  Uiitory  of  WarcMt« 
says,  "  The  old  lords  of  thia  muxi 
first,  David  de  Pechell.  and  hU  Bon 
laa  de  Pechell.  About  30  Edward  1 
Prior  of  Worcerter,  with  Vb»  ooi 
the  convent,  granted  toNicholaade 
ton,  and  his  heir^  dto.,  Um  wkrdahi 
hcor  of  Nicholas,  David  de  Fectu 
whom  this  manor  belonged,  by  tl 
of  John,  the  wn  of  tha  laid  Nichol 
if  tbe  said  John  died  witbia  ag 
they  granted  lum  the  warddilp  o 
anl  Walter,  the  aona  of  Josui  u 
garet,  danghtcn  of  Nicholu  Dari 

About  the  nuddle  of  the  aer* 
century  Mr.  Pechell'a  mors  im 
ancestors  reuded  in  tbe  county  at  1 
and  suffered  ecmaiderably  in  th 
struggle  for  dvil  and  leliKuma 
See  "Be«e's  Snfferinga  of  the 
called  Quakers,"  &C. 

The  Ur.  FeeheU  whoae  death  wi 
was  bom  at  Wainfleet,  Jmte  6tl 
He  was  for  many  years  an  eniiiin 
merchant,  and  was  named  In  1B37 
Lord  CbanoelloT,  one  of  the  Tnu 
certain  charity  estates  and  prop 
Hull  and  the  neigbboorhood.  I 
he  was  ^pirinted  a  Justice  of  the 
and  he  served  the  olDee  of  Sharlfl 
town  tod  county  of  Hull  in   tl 

iaia-4. 

In  early  lifb  Mr.  Fediell  took  gi 
light  in  field  sports,  «M  an  »»"»nt 
aerow  conntrj,  and  could  leap  on 
yards  on  level  gronnd.  Sinoa  1 
baa  osually  rended  a  part  of  ea^ 
Matlock  in  Derbyshire,  on  his  eatAt 
be  indulged  in  boilding  and  lai 
gardening,  and  when  in  ISM  the  E 
Queen  AdeWde  wu  b  DarfajsU 
alter  visiting  his  groond^  cdled 
hous^  complinwnted  Um  ob  tb 
taste  be  bad  displajped,  and  expn 
strong  terms  the  great 
derived  ftam  her  vint. 

Mr.  PechcU  loarried.  In  ISia, 
Wegener  Palethorpe^  by  whom  b 
iasoe  one  son  and  two 


;     -^ 


I860.] 


Mr.  Alderman  Wire, — Clergy  Deceased, 


679 


Alfred   Henry  Pechell,  is  a  barrister  on 
the  Northern  Circuit. 


Mb.  Aldebman  Wibe. 

Nov.  9.  At  Lewisham,  aged  58,  Mr. 
Alderman  David  William  Wire,  Lord 
Mayor  of  London  in  1858-9. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  baker  at  Colchester, 
where  many  of  his  relatives  still  reside. 
He  came  to  London  to  push  his  fortunes, 
at  a  very  early  age,  and  entered  the  office 
of  Mr.  Daniel  Whittle  Harvey,  the  City 
Commissioner  of  Police,  but  at  that  time 
in  practice  as  a  solicitor.     There  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  a  Mr.  Dixon,   now 
deceased,  then  an  articled  clerk,  and  the 
son  of  a  licensed  victualler.  On  that  gentle- 
man starting  business  on  his  own  account, 
Mr.  Wire  articled  himself  to  him  as  a  clerk, 
and  eventually,   some  thirty  -  five  years 
ago,  became  his  partner.    For  many  years 
the  firm  conducted  their  business  in  St. 
Swithin's-lane,  and  rose  to  considerable 
repute.     The  father  of  Mr.  Dixon  was  a 
man  of  consiJeruble  influence  among  the 
numerous  and  wealthy  body   of  licensed 
victuallers,  and  through  the  connection  so 
formed  Mr.  Wire  became  intimately  iden- 
tified with  them.     Ou  the  death  of  Mr. 
Dixon,  the  business  was  carried  on  alone 
by  Mr.  Wire  for  some  time,  until  on  being 
appointed  Under-sheriff  to  Sir  James  Duke, 
twenty-five  years  ago,  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with   Mr.  Child,    whom   he  had 
known  from  boyhood,  and  which  subsisted 
until  his  death.     From  that  time  he  began 
to  take  an  interest  in  civic  matters,  and 
eventually,   on   a   requisition  signed    by 
almost  every  elector  of  the  ward  of  Wal- 
brook,  in  which  he   lived,   he   became  a 
candidate  for  the  vacant  aldermanic  g^wn, 
and  was  elected  under  drcumstanoes  flat- 
tering to  himself.     He   subsequently  at- 
tained the  dignity  of  chief  magistrate,  but 
was  almost  immediately  afterwards  seized 
with  an  attack  of  paralysis,  consequent,  it 
was  said,  upon  the  excitement   produced 
by  the   occasion  on  a  nervous  tempera- 
ment, and  from  which  he  never  wholly 
recovered.    He  was  in  London  so  recently 
as  Monday,  Nov.  5,  and  took  part  in  the 
transaction  of  some  civic  business,  but  on 
the  same  night  he  was  the  subject  of  a 
GiNT.  Mao.  Vol.  CCIX. 


second  attack  of  paralysis,  under  which  he 
gradually  sank.  At  one  time  Mr.  Wire 
aspired  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, and  with  that  view  contested  the 
representation  of  Boston  and  of  Gieen- 
wich,  in  which  he  is  said  to  have  expended 
a  considerable  sum  of  money. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Kov.  13.  At  Hartlebury  Castle,  aged  77,  the 
Rt.  Rer.  Henry  Pepyst  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Worcester. 
See  Obituary. 

June  4.  On  board  the  "Yimeura/*  AuBtralian 
vessel,  after  a  short  illness,  the  Rev.  jF.  Oee, 
B.A.,  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Walter  Gee,  Rector  of  Week  St.  Mary. 

Aug.  13.  At  Llan-y-Blodwell,  the  Rev.  John 
Parker.    See  Obituaby. 

Oct.  15.  The  Rev.  J.  E.  Trench^  Reetor  of 
Keninare,  and  Dean-Rnral. 

Oct.  23.  The  Rev.  Hwratio  Neilson^  Rector  of 
North  Witham,  Lincolnshire. 

Oct.  27.  At  his  residence,  Castle-hill,  Reading, 
aged  76,  the  Rev.  Walter  Levett. 

Nov.  1.  At  CUfton,  near  Bristol,  aged  65,  the 
Rev.  Edward  Carua-Wilson,  M.A..  formerly 
Vicar  of  Crosby  Ravensworth,  Westmoreland, 
third  son  of  the  late  W.  W.  Cams- Wilson,  esq., 
M.P.,  of  Casterton-hall,  Weetmoreland,  and 
brother  of  the  late  Rer.  William  Canu«- Wilson. 

The  Rev.  Frederick  Woodward^  Curate  of  St. 
Philip,  Clerkenwell,  and  fourth  son  of  the  late 
J.  Woodward,  esq.,  of  Stret  le  Framfleld,  Sussex. 

Nov.  2.  At  Heston,  aged  61,  the  Rev.  Earring- 
Urn  Jamea  JHrnmer,  B.A.,  Domestic  Chaplain  to 
his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Sutherland. 

At  Inns  of  Court,  St  Bees,  the  Rev.  John  Ibx, 
M.A.,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Hale,  Cumberland, 
and  formerly  Head  Master  of  St.  Bees  Qrammar- 
school. 

Nov.  4.  At  St.  Leonard'B-on-Sea,  aged  73,  the 
Rev.  William  Eamsden,  Rector  of  Ashorst,  Kent, 
and  Linwood,  Lincolnshire. 

Nov.  5.  In  Avenue-road,  Regent's-pk.,  aged 
83,  the  Rev.  Philip  Le  Ereton,  M.A.,  formerly 
Rector  of  St.  Saviour's,  Jersey. 

Kov.  6.  At  Bath,  the  Rev.  Charlea  Tote,  HA., 
Vicar  of  Hdlme-on-Spalding  Moor,  and  late  Dean- 
Rural  of  West  Harthill,  Yorkshire. 

Nov.  9.  At  Broadway,  aged  M,  the  Rev. 
Thomaa  Dode^  Rector  of  Broadway  with  Bin- 
combe,  and  a  magistrate  of  the  county. 

Nov.  10.  Aged  55,  the  Rev.  Menry  Molda^ 
wortht  M.A.,  Rector  of  Fishtoft,  Lincolnshire. 

yoo.  11.  At  Bamsley,  Yorkshire,  aged  29, 
the  Rev.  CharleM  Edward  Dykea^  Curate  of  St. 
Mary's,  Bamsley,  and  brother  of  the  Rev.  Pre- 
centor Dykes,  of  Durham. 

Nov.  13.  At  Taplow,  the  Rev.  Ahraham 
Touldon,  Rector  of  Hedsor,  Bucks. 

Nov.  16.  At  the  Vicarage,  Westow,  the  Rev. 
William  Taylor  Wild,  B.D.,  27  years  Vloar  of 
the  parish,  and  late  Lecturer  of  St.  James's, 
Clerkenwell. 

4H 


G80 


Obituary. 


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■  yov.  18.  In  Upper  Soymour-st.,  Portraim-iiq., 
suddenly,  aped  34,  the  Kev.  Osmond  Dtring, 
Rector  of  Edworth,  Beds.,  youngest  son  of  the 
lato  Cholraelcy  Dering,  esq.,  of  Chapel- street, 

Gro8venor-sq. 

At  Great  Yarmouth,  aged  55,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Wm.  Bull,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Stoke-Ash,  Suffolk. 

At  Rydo,  I«lc  of  Wight,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Shuttey  M.A.,  Rector  of  Hlph  Halden,  Tenterden, 
Kent,  and  Minor  Canon  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

iN'ov.  20.  By  hi*  own  hand,  the  Rev.  John 
Warbitrion,  M.A.,  Head  Master  of  the  Hipper- 
holme  Grammar  School,  Halifax. 

DEATHS. 

ABRANGED  IN  CHBOXOLOOICAL  ORDER. 
Aiiff.  0.     At  Ea«t  Brixton,  aged  69,   Fanny, 
widow  of  Admiral  Iinpey,  and  only  chUd  of  the 
late  William  Cazal,  e^q. 

At  Dunedin,  Otago,  age<l  75,  WillUm  Cargill, 
esq.,  formerly  Capt.  in  the  74th  HighUinders. 
and  late  Superintendent  of  the  Province  of  Otago, 
New  Zealand. 

Sept.  8.  At  Falaiiw,  M.  de  Mercey,  who,  as  a 
writer,  was  known  as  the  author  of  a  ••  History 
of  the  Fine  Arts,"  beride»  being  a  contributor  to 
the  Artiste,  and  the  Herue  des  deux  Mondes^ 
while  he  was  also  distinguished  as  an  artist, 
and  produced  several  landscapes  and  marine 
pleteM,  the  scenes  of  which  were  chiefly  In 
Central  Italy  or  the  north  of  France. 

Stpt.  20.  At  Pliso,  in  Prussia,  quite  suddenly, 
immediately  after  sajing  mass,  Mgr.  Bogedaisi, 
Bp.  of  Hebron,  and  coadjutor  Bp.  of  Breslau. 

Sept.  23.  At  Cuddapah,  Madras  Presidency, 
Helen  Isabella  Robina  Smith,  wife  of  Robert 
DnWdHon,  esq..  Civil  Service. 

Sept.  28.  At  Ahmedabad,  Major-Oen.  A.  Wood- 
bum,  C.B.,  Col.  of  the  25th  Regt.  Native  Light 
Infantry,  and  in  comnuind  of  the  northern 
division  of  the  Bombay  Army.  General  Wood- 
bum  was  of  the  season  of  1820,  and  had  seen  a 
good  deal  of  active  i«ervice. 

Srpt.  30.  At  Geneva,  aged  7G,  Camilla,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  Kdward  Player,  and  eldest  dau.  of  tbe 
late  Jaincit  Sloper,  esq.,  of  Bath. 

At  Jowra,  near  Asseerguhr,  of  Jungle  fever, 
Mr.  Alexander  Sanderson,  C.E.,  of  the  G.  I.  P. 
Railway. 

Oct.  1.  At  Calcutta,  Dr.  Buist,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, but  long  resident  in  India.  He  was  the  son  of 
the  Rev.  J .  Buist,  of  Tannadyce,  and  had  been  con- 
necte<l  with  various  Scottish  papers,  but  he  was 
best  known  to  English  readers  as  the  editor  of 
the  "liombay  Times,"  a  Journal  which  he  raised  to 
the  fln«t  position  in  the  press  of  India.  A  dis- 
agreement with  the  proprietary  on  a  subject 
which  was  much  discussed  at  that  time  in  the 
presidency,  led  to  his  secession  from  that  news- 
paper, when  he  was  appointed  editor  of  a  new 
Journal  named  the  **  Bombay  Standard,"  which  lo 
much  affected  the  pecuniary  interests  of  the  Times 
that  the  proprietors  were  glad  to  bring  about  a 
compromise,  and  after  some  negotiations  they 
settled  the  feud  by  amalgamating  the  two  news- 


papera  under  the  title  of  the  '« Bomtej  Ti 
Standard."  l>r.  Buiat  thm  retired  from  < 
Ufe,  and  proceeded  to  the  Bengal  pre 
where,  it  U  said,  he  had  Jnct  beeo  aelect 
an  important  post  in  the  Indian  eivil  aer 
In  Namaqua-land,  South  Afrioa,  aged 
Wm.  Gibson,  yonngeat  eon  of  the  late 
Gibson,  esq.,  High  Shield,  Hexham. 

On  board  H.M.S. "  Icama,*'  in  the  Wea 
of  yellow  fever,  aged  30,  Lieut.  R.  J. 
B.N.,  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  Cox,  Rector 
cote,  Leiceaterahire. 

Oct.  9.  At  Brighton,  aged  SS,  Fred.  3 
Heath,  eldest  ion  of  the  late  Capt.  O. 
Madras  Army. 

At  Teddington,  MMdleae»,  a«ed  79, 
Rich,  esq. 

At  New  Amaterdam,  Berbioe,  a«ed  ! 
Anna,  wife  of  John  M'Swinney,  eaq.,  Sti 
Magistrate. 

Oct.  4.  At  Philadelphia,  aged  8S,  Ri 
Peele,  an  eminent  American  painter.  1 
oelebruted  picture  is  **  The  Court  of  Di 
which  are  represented,  mnch  In  the  atyle 
the  various  foima  of  mortality. 

Oct,  5.  At  Castle-hooae,  Calne,  i 
Georgiana,  relict  of  J.  H.  Arnold,  caq. 
formerly  of  LinoolnVinn-fielda. 

Oct.  8.  After  a  short  illneaa,  at  Pal 
hoard  H.M.'a  ship  «•  Creasy,'*  aged  ll», 
•on  of  Rear-Admiral  BusaeU  Eliott. 

At  Bristol,  suddenly,  Snsannah,  wide 
Rev.  C.  F.  Beichel,  and  laat  aurriTing 
the  late  Rev.  John  Sharrer,  Mcar  of  < 
Lincolnshire. 

Oct.  10.  At  his  rcaidenee,  St.  Johi 
aged  82,  Edward  Amies,  esq. 

Aged  08,   Helen,  widow  of  Jamea 
esq.,  of  Great  Bowden. 

Get.  11.  At  Danham,  aged  76,  EaUw 
the  Rev.  H.  Packard,  Ineomhcnt  of  S 
and  Westleton,  Snifolk. 

Oct.  12.  In  London,  a  few  daya  \ 
arrival  frimi  India,  Lieut.  John  Lorimn 
of  n  M.'b  Indian  Azmy,  Bengal  Eatabl 
younger  son  of  the  late  Slnum  flaweia 
Dunbar,  fonneriy  Commiidoner  of  Ka&d; 
In  Mecklenbarg-«|.,  aged  87.  Capt 
R.  Simpson,  of  MerUanda,  Perthahlra, 
of  the  Austrian  lervloe. 

Anna,  wife  of  the  Rev.  VilUam  Bi 
Rector  of  Alpbington,  near  Exeter. 

At  the  New-hooae,  Polatead,  aged  g^ 
Bouttell,  eaq. 

At  Market  Raien,  aged  78^  John  Ma 
The  deceased  was  the  repreaentetlTa  of  i 
oldest  Roman  CathoUfl  Camillea  In  Linei 
On  board  the  **  Seine,**  off  St.  Thoni 
return  to  England,  Lt.-Oal.  CMand  Cui 
H.B.M.*s  ConMil  at  Tavpieo,  bmob 
Joseph  Cumberlege,  eaq.,  of  Bo«haj. 
was  conveyed  on  ahore  and  hurled  will 
honours,  the  Consala  of  the  different  ni 
the  officers  of  the  ahipa  In  port  attei 
eeremony.  The  deeeaacd  had  aarred 
as  Consul  at  Tampieo»  and  died  a  Tkti 
unhealthy  cUaaCe. 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


681 


At  Black-river,  St.  Elizabeth's,  Jamaica,  aged 
33,  James  Christopher,  eldest  son  of  James  Gale 
Senior,  esq.,  of  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Oct.  13.  At  Waterhouse,  near  Bath,  aged  40, 
Elinor,  wife  of  D.  West,  esq.,  and  only  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  George  Kirkpatrick,  esq. 

Oct.  14.  At  Cnckfleld,  Sussex,  aged  70,  Ann, 
widow  of  J.  JefFery,  esq.,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
J.  Bacon,  esq.,  Bermondsey  and  Peckham, 
Surrey. 

At  Mere,  Wiltshire,  aged  92,  Mr.  W.  Wilton. 

At  Gosforth-house,  near  Newcastle,  aged  72, 
William  Smith,  esq.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
eminent  shipbuilders  in  the  kingdom,  as  well  as 
one  of  its  most  successful  shipowners.  His  father 
was  an  alderman  and  a  leading  member  of  the 
Newcastle  corporation  in  his  day,  and  served  the 
office  of  Mayor  of  that  town,  on  more  than  one 
occasion.    The  deceased  leaves  an  only  son. 

At  ALx-en-Provence,  aged  29,  Charles  Rash- 
leigh  Williams,  esq. 

Oct.  15.  At  Linden-villas,  Camden-road,  aged 
60,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Stent,  esq.,  of  H.M.'s 
Custom  House. 

Suddenly,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Major 
Pardoe,  of  the  Shrubbery,  Northfleet,  Kent. 

At  Headingley-hill,  near  Leeds,  aged  77,  John 
EUershaw,  esq. 

Oct.  16.  At  his  residence,  Blackheath,  aged 
73,  Edward  Eagleton,  esq. 

Aged  102,  Mary  May,  of  Outwell,  near  Wis- 
beach. 

At  Llandudno,  Lucy,  wife  of  John  Bingham, 
esq.,  of  Derby. 

At  Brighton,  Catherine,  relict  of  Joseph  Staple- 
ton  Sullivan,  surgeon,  Bengal  army. 

Oct.  17.  At  Norton  Vicarage,  Norfolk,  (the 
residence  of  his  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Geo.  Jessep,)  aged  70,  Colonel  Henry  Anderson. 

At  his  residence,  Euston-sq.,  James  Rutherford 
Laurie,  esq.,  of  Laurieston,  Glasgow,  and  Mont- 
ford,  Bute,  N.B. 

In  Tork-road,  Brighton,  aged  77,  Sophia,  dan. 
of  the  late  Dr.  Haultain,  Rector  of  Weybridge 
and  Eastham. 

In  Ilarley-pl.,  Clifton,  Bristol,  aged  82,  Thomas 
Hnrraer  Sheppard,  esq. 

In  Ladbroke-sq.,  Notting-hiU,  Helen  Sophia, 
relict  of  George  Weller  Poley,  e«q.,  of  Boxted- 
hall,  Suffolk. 

At  the  residence  of  her  brother-in-law,  (J.  H. 
Heath,  esq.,  Audlem,)  Eliza,  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  M.  Johnson,  esq.,  Whiston,  Yorkshire. 

At  Bank-top,  Darling^n,  aged  86,  Mary,  relict 
of  Mr.  John  Johnson,  late  of  Croft  Mill.  She 
was  the  mother  of  fourteen  children,  ten  of 
whom  survive  her. 

At  Topcliffe-common,  aged  75,  Mr.  Kidson,  for 
many  years  tenant  farmer  and  bailiff  to  the  late 
Earl  of  Egremont  and  the  present  Lord  Leconfield, 
on  their  Topcliffe  estate. 

At  Grantham,  near  St.  Catherine's,  Canada 
West,  aged  72,  Samuel  Wood,  esq.,  formerly  of 
the  FieM  Train  Department  of  H.M.'s  Ordinance. 

At  Secunderabad,  aged  56,  Major-Gen.  Thos. 
David  Carpenter,  Madras  .\rmy. 

Ort.  18.  At  Aylesbury,  aged  70,  Arabella,  eldest 


surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Goodall,  of 
Dinton-hall,  Bucks. 

At  Lindfield,  Mrs.  Byass,  wife  of  Francis  Byass, 
esq.,  of  Cuckfield. 

At  South  Shields,  aged  93,  Mr.  Wm.  Hudson, 
formerly  a  sergeant  in  the  52nd  Regt.  He  was 
with  Sir  John  Moore  when  that  officer  was 
killed  at  Corunna,  and  was  one  of  the  six  who 
buried  him. 

Aged  56,  Henry  Nathaniel  Byles,  esq.,  of  Kel- 
vedon,  Essex. 

Aged  60,  Edward  J.  Green,  esq.,  formerly 
a  solicitor  of  York. 

In  St  Giles's,  Oxford,  aged  97,  Sophia  Hughes, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edw.  Hughes,  formerly  Rector 
of  Shenington,  Gloucestershire,  and  Vicar  of  Rad- 
way,  Warwickshire. 

At  Worgate,  near  Wareham,  Capt.  H.  Richard 
Sturt,  R.N. 

Oct.  19.  At  Twickenham,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Searles  V.  Wood,  esq. 

In  Bolsover-st.,  Portland -pi.,  aged  44,  Fanny, 
wife  of  Robert  Roper,  esq. 

At  her  residence,  Hill-house,  Southwell-st., 
Bristol,  aged  66,  Rabecoa,  widow  of  Joseph  Ball, 
esq.,  of  Plymouth,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph 
Reynolds,  esq.,  of  the  Royal  Fort,  Bristol. 

At  her  residence,  Kensington-place,  Bath,  aged 
68,  Mrs.  Skeate,  widow  of  the  late  Philip  Skeate, 
esq.,  of  Eagle-house,  Batheaston. 

At  Barton-le-street,  aged  78,  Alice,  relict  of  W. 
Borton,  esq.,  late  of  Pickering,  and  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Key,  esq.,  of  Musley- 
bank,  near  Malton. 

In  Penton-place,  Kennington-road,  aged  76, 
Clarissa,  relict  of  M.  Agar,  esq.,  late  of  Great 
Yarmouth,  and  last  surviving  dan.  of  the  late 
E.  Walter,  esq.,  formerly  Coroner  for  Middlesex. 

Aged  56,  James  Amott,  esq.,  of  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Cater,  Amott,  and  Chater,  solicitors, 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  46,  F.  Swatman,  esq.,  of 
Lynn,  late  Collector  of  H.M.'s  Customs  at  the 
former  port. 

At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  69,  Diana,  widow 
of  John  Smallpeice,  esq.,  formerly  of  Guildford, 
Surrey. 

Oct.  20.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  44,  Rd. 
Turner,  esq.,  surgeon. 

Aged  106,  Mr.  Daniel  Muirhead,  of  Tyne- 
castle,  near  Edinburgh.  He  retained  all  his 
faculties  almost  till  the  Tery  last,  and  daring 
his  lifetime  he  had  scarcely  ever  had  a  day's  ill- 
ness. In  the  early  part  of  his  life  he  followed  the 
trade  of  a  blacksmith,  bat  he  had  lived  in  retire- 
ment f^om  business  for  upwards  of  seventy  years. 

Aged  76,  H.  Corwen,  esq.,  of  Workington-hall, 
Cumberland,  and  Belle  Isle,  Windermere. 

At  St.  Leonard's,  of  oonsomptioa,  aged  33» 
Caroline  Matilda  Bowie,  niece  of  the  late  John 
Finlaison,  esq.,  of  Lansdowne-ores.,  Kensington* 
park. 

Oct.  21.  In  Dublin,  at  the  reridence  of  George 
Frederick  Hardy,  esq.,  Ellen  Barbara,  wife  of 
Richard  Le  Lievre,  esq.,  of  Guernsey,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Jonathan  Patten,  esq.,  of  Hales- 
hall,  Staffordshire. 


683 


Obituary. 


IP 


• 


I 

I 


¥  ' 


■1 


I    ' 


I 

J'    ; 


(      I 


In  Portland-pl.,  the  Duke  of  Richmond.  See 
Obituary. 

At  T}ildjn  Helen,  Carnarron,  aged  85,  Elixa- 
beth,  wife  of  John  Button,  esq.,  and  dau.  of 
Wm.  MaUn,  e«q.,  of  Park-Aeld,  Darley,  Derby. 

Aged  47,  Surab,  wife  of  8.  Bottomley,  esq., 
of  the  Royd,  Rippondcn,  near  Halifax. 

Oct.  22.  At  Omaburgh-terr.,  Kegent'a-park, 
aged  64,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  the  Hon.  W.  E. 
Cochrane,  late  Major  15th  HusHra. 

At  the  Terrace,  Northfleet,  Kent,  aged  78, 
William  Pitcher,  e»q. 

In  Pierrepont-et.,  Bath,  at  an  adranced  age, 
Catherine,  the  wife  of  Henry  Underwood,  eeq. 

Oct.  23.  At  Whitllebury-lo<lgc,  Northampton- 
shire, Harriet  I^y  Southampton.  She  was  the 
only  dau.  of  the  Hon.  Henry  Fitxroy  Stanhope, 
second  son  of  the  second  Earl  of  Harrington,  and 
was  cousin  of  the  present  enrl.  The  deceased 
lady  married,  February  23,  1828,  Ix>rd  South- 
ampton, but  does  not  leave  any  issue. 

At  Litchurch,  aged  64,  J.  Moss,  esq..  Alderman 
of  Derby.  Mr.  Moss  was  an  advanced  Liberal, 
and  largely  idcntiAed  with  the  cause  of  political 
and  social  reform.  He  had  taken  from  its  eom- 
meiioemcnt  a  very  active  share  in  tbe  operations 
of  the  National  Newspaper  Company,  and  was 
deeply  interested  in  the  arrangementa  which 
led  to  the  amalgamation  of  the  **8tar**  and 
**  Dial  **  as  one  newspaper. — Star. 

At  High  Leigh,  near  Knutsford,  fh)m  the  fkll 
of  a  tree,  aged  28,  Thomas  Coats  Cane,  agent  to 
O.  Cornwall  Leigh,  Esq.,  M.P.,  and  third  scm 
of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Coats  Cane,  of  Brackenhurst, 
near  Southwell,  Notts. 

At  his  residence,  York-road,  Brighton,  aged 
67,  Henry  Leech  Quilter,  esq.,  formtrly  surgeon 
at  Southminster,  Essex. 

At  the  residence  of  bis  father,  aged  86,  That., 
eldest  pon  of  Edward  Dodd,  esq.,  Warwick. 

At  Wrek-green,  Froxfleld,  Haata,  aged  76, 
Richard  Steele,  esq. 

At  Caterham,  aged  81,  Mary  Emma,  wifb  of 
Henry  Hall,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Park-eres.,  Brighton,  Edw. 
William  Austin,  esq. 

At  her  residence,  Lansdowne-terr.,  Chelten- 
ham, aged  81,  Bridget,  relict  of  Thomas  John 
Parke,  esq. 

At  York,  aged  68,  Mr.  Thomas  Bamley,  of 
Chapter-house-stroet.  The  deceased  leaves  a 
large  family,  including  seven  sons,  all  of  whom 
are  in  the  musical  profession.  Three  of  tbcm 
hold  api)ointments  respectively  in  the  choirs  of 
Westminster  Abbey,  in  the  Chapel  Royal,  Wind- 
sor, and  in  Hereford  Cathedral ;  one  is  organist 
at  Montreal  Cathedral,  another  ia  located  at 
Reading ;  and  the  two  other  sons  are  professors  of 
music  and  organists  in  their  native  city  of  York. 

Oct.  24.  At  her  residence,  Aldred-st.,  Creecent, 
Salford,  aged  n!t,  Mrs.  Elisabeth  Morse,  formerly 
of  Smalley.  She  was  a  descendant  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary General,  Sir  WUliam  Waller. 

At  Edinburgh,  after  a  long  and  painful  ilb&ess, 
Mr.  Edmund  Glover,  eldest  son  of  the  late  cele- 
brated actress,  Mrs.  Glover,  and  for  some  years 
past  maniiger  of  the  Theatre  Royal,  Glasgow. 


At  NorbitoD*  KingitMi- 
Emily  Hamilton,  yonogMt  dan.  of  i 
BeU. 

At  BrightoB,  of  diphtheria,  affvd  SI 
8.  Tickell,  Bengal  Anny. 

Oct.  25.  At  Brompton,  agted  35,  E 
of  Benjamin  Wilford,  caq.,  mad  ddi 
Mr.  Bates,  organitt  of  Rtpon  Cathedra 

At  WonatoB  Beetory,  Hants,  tha  ho 
father,  the  Rev.  Alex.  DaUaa,  Jane 
wife  of  the  Rev.  FraaeU  Payne  Sejnu 
of  Havant. 

At  Morden,  Sorrey,  aged  7S,  Capt.  M 
R.N.,  K.H.,  inventor  of  the  Mark 
Prison  Discipline,  and  the  anthor  of  n 
and  papers  on  that  sntdeet. 

At  Brighton,  aged  84,  Sarah,  rdlct 
Gould,  esq.,  of  Petworth,  Sntaez. 

At  Paris,  aged  80,  the  I>ake  Decaae 
flftvourite  Minister  of  Loois  ZVIII. 
bom  in  September,  1780,  at  Libonn 
Oironde,  oame  to  Paris,  to  study  thi 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  fortune  by  i 
with  tho  daughter  of  Count  llarairc, 
sident  of  the  Court  of  PsisetUei  Be 
councillor  In  the  Imperial  Conrt,  and  i 
private  seoretary  to  the  EmpresMiotta 
the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons  he  at  o 
them,  and  remained  fsithtal  to  their  ca 
their  temporary  overthrow  ia  18IA. 
battle  of  Waterloo  he  repaired  to  Pari 
sumed,  on  his  own  anthority,  the  post 
of  police,  by  whidi  he  did  food  scrviei 
taining  the  tranquillity  of  the  capil 
gained  him  tbe  ooafldenee  of  Loois  X^ 
eontinued  him  in  oflBee,  but  brine  •  ni 
moderate  man,  hebceame  oboogjosae  to 
ment  partiMns  on  both  lidee.  The  Be 
accused  him  of  mereUess  emelty,  whUs 
Royalists  eomplsined  that  he  was  too  li 
screened  many  of  thdr  opponents.  He, 
kept  his  place  near  tbe  king,  and  wi 
peer.  In  1818  he  resigned  the  poitlblia 
and  became  Minister  of  the  Interior,  i 
tually  President  of  the  Cooneil,  hot  1 
struggle  with  erer^neressiag  dUBeultl 
last  the  king  was  obliged  to  part  i 
though  not  until  the  MlnMar  had  Impla 
do  so,  for  the  sake  of  peaee.  ILDeaaaei 
sent  for  a  time  as  ambassador  to  Ea| 
in  18S1  he  retamed,  and  took  aeeaapln 
in  the  Chsmber  of  Peers,  when  he 
in  the  oppo^thm  to  the  vawiee  pntee 
Charles  X.  end  his  niiniilers»  thongl 
grestly  afflicted  by  their  sabeeqaaat  oi 
He,  however,  rstaned  to  tlia  Gteabei 
after  a  time,  and  contlnacd  an  aettve 
until  tbe  ReTolatkm  of  1848  diova 
vate  liflB.  He  took  no  part  fai  eabaeqi 
tbe  ranooor  that  had  ben 
gradually  died  oat,  and  Ms : 
by  a  large  eooeoone  of  endaant  MSB  o 
ties.  Through  a  sseond  aiaiiiege.  i 
beesme  eonaeetsd  wiA  the  late 
of  Nssaaa-Saarbnwk,  sad  he 
King  of  Denmark  the  title  of  Ike  Dnka  • 
berg,  which  is  now  borne  by  hia 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


683 


has  attained  to  distinction  in  diplomatic  em- 
ployments. 

Oct.  26.  At  Clifton-honse,  Cheltenham,  Ellen, 
youngest  dau.  of  Nevill  Browne,  City  Marshal. 

In  Portland-sq.,  Bristol,  aged  43,  Ann,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Henry  Quick. 

At  Peamore-ter.,  St.  David's,  Exeter,  aged  60, 
Mary  Anne,  relict  of  the  Rev.  John  Clarke,  M.A., 
Rector  of  Clayhidon,  Devon,  and  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Robert  Gardiner,  esq.,  of  Wellesford- 
house,  Somerset. 

At  Deal,  aged  53,  George  Myers,  esq. 

Aged  28,  Harriet  Emma,  youngest  dau.  of 
Lewis  George  St.  Lo,  esq.,  of  Marsh-court, 
Dorset. 

At  Christchurch  Parsonage,  Tunbridge  Wells, 
Richard  Hudson,  esq.,  late  of  Spring-farm,  co. 
Wicklow. 

Oct.  27.  At  his  residence,  at  Wolverton,  aged 
72,  Saville  Marriott,  esq.,  late  of  the  H.E.I.C.8., 
and  Member  of  Council  in  the  Government  of 
Bombay,  and  eighth  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Mar- 
riott, esq.,  formerly  of  the  H.E.I.C.S.,  as  chief  of 
the  Province  of  Burdwan,  in  the  Presidency  of 
Calcutta.  ^1^ 

At  Thoresby-park,  the  Earl  Manvers.  See 
Obituary. 

At  Ruddington,  aged  82,  Miss  Fox,  late  of 
Wymeswold. 

At  Pclaw-house,  Chester-le-Street,  aged  60, 
Thomas  Murray,  esq. 

At  Marine-parade,  Brighton,  aged  65,  Lydia, 
wife  of  Col.  Atchison,  Royal  Lancashire  Artillery, 
and  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Simons,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Cray,  Kent. 

At  Chclsham,  Surrey,  aged  86,  William,  only 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Sisson,  esq.,  of 
Elderbcck,  Ullswater. 

Aged  68,  C.  H.  Cruttwell,  esq.,  upwards  of  40 
yeurs  Master  of  Hales  Free  Grammar-school, 
Hertford. 

At  Bigge's  Main,  aged  55,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
John  Jameson,  esq.,  shipowner,  Wallsend. 

At  Worthing,  aged  84,  Sarah,  widow  of  James 
White,  esq.,  of  Wooldringfold,  Sussex. 

At  Dawlish,  aged  71,  Captain  Rose  Henry 
Fuller,  R.N. 

Oct.  28.  At  Torquay,  Mary  Mitchell,  widow  of 
C.  W.  Watkins,  esq.,  of  Badby-hoose,  North- 
amptonshire. 

In  Cambridg^terr.,  Wm.  Hewitson,  eeq.  See 
Obituary. 

At  Charljnch  Rectory,  Somersetshire,  Emily 
Maria  Waring,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  Neebitt  Irwin, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  James  Alexander. 

Aged  51,  John  Barker,  esq.,  of  Highfield-house, 
Dux  ford,  Cambs. 

At  Parkstone,  near  Poole,  William,  eldest  son 
of  W.  S.  Kendall,  esq.,  late  Inspector  General  of 
H.M.'s  Customs  in  the  Port  of  Ixmdon. 

At  Elstead,  near  Godalming,  Surrey,  aged  84, 
John,  eldest  son  of  Capt  Cornwall,  R.N. 

At  Union-buildings,  Poole,  aged  52,  Mrs.  Jane 
Rollings,  dau.  of  the  late  George  Penny,  esq.,  of 
Longfieet. 

Oct.  29.  InJLondon,  aged  21,  Leonard,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Dr.  Goodenough,  Dean  of  Welk. 


At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  61,  J.  Shipton,  esq. 

The  Rev.  D.  A.  De  Sola,  senior  minister  to  the 
eongregation  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  Jews, 
London,  of  which'community  he  had  been  pastor 
for  upwards  of  40  years. 

Oct.  30.  At  Tadcaster,  aged  55,  Benjamin  B. 
Thompson,  esq.,  solicitor,  formerly  of  Chesterfield. 

At  Kensington,  the  Earl  of  Dundonald.  See 
Obitvaht. 

At  Taunton,  aged  70,  Edward  Parker  Pridham. 
esq.,  formerly  of  Exeter. 

At  Hartley-house,  near  Plymouth,  aged  86, 
William  Howard,  esq. 

At  Tamworth,  aged  69,  Joseph  Taylor,  esq., 
late  of  Appleby,  Leicestershire. 

At  Rawcliffe  Paddocks,  Anne  Charlotte,  wife  of 
P.  S.  Feake  Martin,  esq. 

At  Fleetham- lodge,  Bedale,  aged  71,  John 
Conyers  Hudson,  esq.,  J. P. 

At  Hinton  Admiral,  Christchurch,  ttom  a  fall 
trom  her  pony,  aged  15,  Emily,  second  dau.  of 
Thomas  Entwistle,  esq. 

Oct.  31.  Suddenly,  at  Waterloo^n-escent,  Dover, 
aged  80,  John  Baker  Sladen,  esq.,  of  Ripple-court, 
Kent,  a  Deputy-lieut.  and  Justice  of  the  Peaoe 
for  that  county. 

At  her  residence,  Woodside,  Surbiton,  Surrey, 
aged  80,  Mary  Ann,  widow  of  the  late  James 
Muston,  esq. 

At  St  Ann's-hill,  Wandsworth,  aged  84,  Louise, 
relict  of  W.  Barlow,  esq.,  of  Holybourne,  Hants. 

In  St.  Jamea*s-st.,  Brighton,  aged  80,  Frederick 
Stephenson,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  67,  Elizabeth,  widow  of 
Page^ichol  Scott,  esq.,  of  Norwich. 

Aged  42,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Oxenford, 
esq.,  Barnes,  Surrey. 

Lately.  In  the  Stafford  County  Infirmary,  Mr. 
James  Macdonald,  M.A.,  of  Cambridge,  under 
droumstanoes  of  apparently  utter  destitution. 
After  death  more  than  £1,600  were  found  on  his 
person.  The  deceased  had  been  tutor  to  different 
schools  and  families,  but  had  lost  all  his  appoint- 
ments from  his  slovenly  and  indolent  habits. 

ITov.  I.  At  St.  Petersburg,  the  Empress  Mother 
of  Russia.    See  OBiTVAmT. 

At  Camden-town,  Robert  Salkeld,  esq.,  of  the 
Audit-offloe,  Somerset-house,  second  son  of  the 
Bev.  Robert  Salkeld,  of  Fontmell,  Dorset. 

JVbv.  2.  At  Barbican-terr.,  Barnstaple,  aged 
82,  Elisabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Peter 
Fisher,  Rector  of  Little  Torrington. 

Rather  suddenly,  at  bis  residence.  Upper  Toot- 
ing, Surrey,  aged  74,  Henry  Butterworth,  esq., 
F.8.A.,  of  Fleet-street. 

At  Scarbro',  aged  68,  Mary,  wife  of  H.  New- 
bould,  esq.,  of  Sharow-benk,  SheflSeld. 

At  Lower  Rock-gardens,  Brighton,  aged  78, 
John  Allen  Shnter,  esq.,  late  of  Sandgate,  Kent, 
and  St.  John's,  Sonthwark. 

At  Ripley,  aged  71,  John  Fleteher,  esq.,  Capt. 
in  the  late  Derbyshire  MiUtia. 

Nov.  S.  At  Rempstone-hall,  aged  80,  the  Dow. 
Lady  Sitwell,  relict  of  John  Smith  Wright,  esq. 
Her  ladyship  contributed  liberally  to  a  large 
number  of  ehariteble  institutions  in  Nottingham 
and  its  neighbourhood. 


684 


Obituary. 


ll 


■  i 


:1 

I-  i 
f  i 


At  Staplcton-housc,  Martock,  Sommct,  agred 
87,  Ann,  relict  of  Edw.  England,  eaq.,  of  8eav- 
ington  St.  Mary. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  72,  the  Baronem  Anna 
Catharina  dc  Rccdo  d'Oudtshoom,  relict  of  Jaa. 
Dunbar,  esq.,  formerly  of  H.M.'s  21st  Light  Dra- 
goons, and  youngest  son  of  the  late  Sir  (ieorge 
Dunbar,  bart.,  of  Mochrum. 

At  Wells,  Somemet,  aged  65.  Henry  John  Hyde 
Seymour,  esq.,  of  Wclla,  and  Tyvree,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

In  Beyrout-pl.,  Stoke,  aged  85,  MiM  Lockyer. 

At  his  residence,  Cavendlsh-sq.,  aged  75,  Aaron 
Asher  Goldnmid,  e^q. 

Xov.  4.  At  the  Vicarage,  West  Ham,  aged  76, 
Frances  Anno,  widow  of  the  lato  Abel  John  Ram, 
esq.,  of  Clonatin,  Ireland,  and  last  surviving  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Port,  esq.,  of  lUam-hall,  Staf- 
fordshire. 

Aged  44,  Emma,  wife  of  William  Challis,  esq., 
Basingstoke. 

At  Clifton,  near  York,  aged  35,  T.  W.  Carroll, 
esq.,  M.A.,  formerly  of  St.  Peter's  Coll.,Cnmb. 

At  Dawlish,  Eleanor  Beatrice,  infant  dau.  of 
Rear-Admir.il  Thomas  Henderson. 

At  his  residence,  Field-house,  Doncaster,  aged 
67,  John  Timm,  esq. 

At  Creditun,  Dinah,  second  dau.  of  Lieut. 
George  Ilugo,  R.N. 

At  Cannstatt,  Wurtemberg,  aged  11,  Sophie, 
youngest  dau.  of  Thomas  Richmond,  esci.,  Com- 
mander R.N. 

JV'or.  5.  At  Paris,  Princess  Sapieha,  of  Deve- 
cisyn,  Poland,  and  formerly  of  Bold-hall,  Lan- 
c:is*>ire. 

At  Hull,  John  Pechell,  esq.    See  Obiti'ary. 

At  Islington,  John  Whitehead,  esq.,  many 
years  Her  Majesty's  Cimsul  at  Archangel. 

At  Ramsgnte,  of  diphtheria,  aged  17,  Sophia 
Raffles,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  B.  Nichols,  Incumbent 
of  St.  Paul's,  .Mill-hiU. 

JN'or.  6.  At  Florence,  Charlotte  Maria,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Kdwurd  Rol)ert  Marcus  Whyte, 
esq.,  of  Ilotham-house,  Yorkshire,  and  grand- 
dau.  of  Sir  John  Owen,  bart.,  .M.P.,  of  Orielton, 
Pembroke  shire. 

At  Dix's  Fii'ld,  Exeter,  Lydin,  eldest  dan.  of 
the  late  Rev.  George  Terry  Carwithen,  of  Aah- 
prington-houNe,  Devon. 

At  Woolgreavps,  near  Wakefield,  aged  66, 
Richard  Dunn,  esq. 

At  Merchistoun-hall,  Vice- Admiral  Sir  Charles 
Napier. 

Aged  66,  John  Smith,  esq.,  of  the  Old  Manor- 
houM*,  KeynKham,  brother  of  II.  Bridges  Smith, 
OM).,  of  Upland-house,  Bnth. 

J\'or.  7.  At  Stackpoolc-court,  the  Earl  of 
Cawdor.    See  Oiiiti-.^ry. 

Aged  5?,  Thomas  Devas,  esq.,  of  Dulwich- 
common,  one  of  Hrr  Mnj- sty's  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  the  county  of  Surrey.  He  wa-^  riding 
into  town,  but  when  near  Camberwell-gate  he 
was  observed  to  be  unsteady  on  his  saddle,  and 
suddenly  fell  to  the  ground.  He  appeared  to  be 
Insensilde,  and  was  reuiuvvd  into  the  shop  of  the 
nearest  surgeon,  where  he  expired  within  a  few 
minuteh. 


At  Moant  Juliet,  eo.  Kilkmuiy,  »g«d 
Hon.  Charlea  Harward  Batter  Clarke  fl 
Wandeaforde,  third  loii  of  tlM  17tii  Ea 
monde. 

At  Tenby,  aged  62,  lieat.-Col.  W« 
late  Scota  Fusilier  Goarda. 

iVor.  8.  In  MoDtapi<^laoe,  aged  61.  i 
Fellows. 

At  Firi-place,  the  reaUenee  of  Viacoi] 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Gage.  She  was  the  onl; 
the  Hon.  William  Gage,  end  mazriad  Ib 
cousin,  the  Hon.  Ool.  Gage,  yonngcet  aa 
eount  Gage. 

At  Parkhill,  Bodmin,  Cornwall,  aged  ! 
Thompson,  esq.,  for  more  than  forty  yei 
gistrate  and  deputy-lleatenant  for  that  ( 

Aged  64,  Ool.  Charlea  F.  Rowlej  ] 
The  deceased  was  present  at  the  battles  < 
and  Nive,  for  whieh  be  reedTed  the  si] 
medal  and  two  clasps ;  and  waa  also  i 
Bras  and  Waterloo^  and  at  the  taking  of 

At  the  Bectory-boQse,  aged  S7,  Abbi 
the  Kev.  R.  J.  Boberta,  Reetor  of  ' 
HolyweU. 

At  MaentwTog,  North  Walea,  aged  ? 
tian,  dan.  of  the  late  John  Armatrong 
Belgrave-cottage,  Pimlico. 

Aged  53,  Ado^phus  Latimer  Widdrlni 
late  Capt  73rd  Kegt.,  youngest  son  o1 
IJeut-Gen.  Sir  Darid  Latimer  Tinli 
drington,  K.C.B. 

At  Marina,  Kt.  LeoDard*s-on-Sea,  aged 
beth,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Palmer, 
of  Witbcote-hall,  Leicestershire. 

At  Brighton,  Hugh  Barton,  yoangc 
the  late  Hugh  Barton,  esq^  of  Btraflhn, 

At  the  Grove,  Middlebam,  aged  10,  Ai 
beth,  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Snrtees,  esq. 

JV'ov.  9.  At  Northalleitaa,  aged  78,  ^ 
dale,  esq.,  late  of  Aiskew,  upwards  of  Id 
one  of  the  coroners  for  the  county  of  To 

At  Lewiaham,  Mr.  Alderman  Wire,   fl 

At  the  Allegrta,  St  Leonard'e-oa-Boa, 
Frances  Maria,  widow  of  James  Ooatci 
Hill-house,  Strsatbam. 

At  East  Wyke,  Surrey,  aged  5S,  8aMn 
Edward  Harlec  PlayfOTd,  esq. 

At  Plascdch,  St.  Asaph,  aged  66,  Job 
esq.,  one  of  the  magistratea  for  the  c 
FUnt. 

At  her  residence,  Chester-terr.,  Regca 
Elixa,  relict  of  Sir  Henry  Willoek,  K.L1.1S 
Caatelnau-honae,  Mortlake. 

Aged  40,  John  Wm.  Parker.  Jun.,  pub; 
West  Strand.  He  was  long  the  editor  of 
Magazine,  and  bia  fhneral  waa  attended 
Trench  and  many  other  literary  men. 

Nov,  10.  At  Plymouth,  Sarah,  wUi 
Eames  Williams,  esq.,  Catherine  pL,  Ba 

At  Asbford,  Kent,  Mary  Abb  Ellnal 
wife  of  H.  P.  Cspreol,  esq.,  aad  eldaat 
the  late  James  Hansard,  esq. 

Aged  76,  at  his  resilience,  Weetbuiu 
Col.  Henry  Geo.  Joordaa,  H.M.'a  Indin 

At  bis  residence,  Clapbam-eommoB, 
John  Parrott,  esq. 

At  Kuse-bUl,  Dorking,  Xalllda, 


I    < 


I860.] 


Obituary. 


685 


of  the  late  Wm.  Dowdeswell,  esq.,  of  the  Elms, 
Ewell,  Surrey. 

At  Upper  Tooting,  aged  66,  Ann,  wife  of  John 
Mclhuibh,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  49,  Horatio  Pickemell,  esq., 
of  Fenchurch-st. 

Accidentally  drowned,  aged  17,  Edw.  William, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  James  Uovell  Linuucr, 
esq.,  of  Koudham-hall,  Norfolk. 

Nov.  11.  At  his  residence  in  Upper  Brook-st., 
Grosvenor-sq.,  Gen.  the  Hon.  Edward  Pyndar 
Lygon,  C.B.  The  hon.  general  waa  the  third  son 
of  William,  first  Eai-1  of  Beauchamp,  and  wa« 
brother  of  the  present  i)eer.  He  entered  the  army 
as  sub-lieutenant  in  the  2nd  Life  Guards,  and 
served  with  that  regiment  in  the  Peninsula 
during  the  campaigns  of  1813  and  1814,  having 
joined  the  forces  in  Spain  in  November,  1812. 
In  1815  he  accompanied  the  army  to  the  Nether- 
lauds,  and,  as  major  and  lieut.-colonel,  he  com- 
manded the  2nd  Life  Guards  at  Waterloo,  where 
he  eminently  distinguished  himself.  For  his 
services  on  that  occasion  he  wai  made  a  Ck)m- 
panion  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath ;  he  was  also 
made  a  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  Vladimir 
of  Russia.  Fur  many  years  he  was  lieut.-ool.  of 
the  2nd  Life  Guards,  and  only  relinquished  that 
post  when  he  obtained  promotion  as  Major- 
General.  The  deceased  officer  held  the  appoint- 
ment of  Inspector-General  of  Cavalry  for  some 
years.  He  had  received  the  silver  war-medal 
and  one  clasp  for  service  in  the  Peninsula.  He 
was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  13th  Light  Dra- 
goons in  January,  1845;  and  his  commissions 
bore  date  as  follow :— Sub-Lieutenant,  June  1, 
1803 ;  Lieutenant,  November  7,  1805 ;  Captain, 
February  15,  1808 ;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  April  27, 
1815;  Colonel,  April  27,  1822;  Major-General, 
January  10,  1837 ;  Lieutenant-General,  Novem- 
ber 9,  1846  ;  and  General,  June  20,  1854. 

At  Lewe»i,  aged  61,  Rich.  Turner,  esq.,  surgeon, 
second  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Turner,  esq.,  of 
Oldland,  Keymer,  Sussex. 

At  Bexhill,  near  Battle,  Sussex,  aged  32,  Geo. 
Paul  Montuy  De  Laselle,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Mujor  De  Laselle,  of  Boulogne-sor-Mer. 

In  Eaton-sq.,  S.W.,  aged  63,  George  Medd 
Butt,  esq.,  Q.C.,  formerly  M.P.  for  Weymouth. 
The  deceased,  who  was  bom  in  1797,  was  the  son 
of  Mr.  John  Butt,  of  Sherborne,  and  in  early 
life  practised  for  some  years  with  great  success 
as  a  special  pleader.  In  1830,  though  rather  late 
in  life,  he  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  So- 
ciety of  the  Inner  Temple,  and  went  the  Western 
Circuit,  where  he  soon  rose  into  reputation,  and 
acquired  an  extensive  practice.  In  1845,  during 
the  Chancellorship  of  Lord  Lyndhurst,  Mr.  Butt 
was  made  a  Queen's  Counsel,  and  shortly  after- 
wards was  elected  a  Bencher  of  the  Inner  Temple. 
Mr.  Butt  professed  adherence  to  the  Conserva- 
tive party,  but  was  opposed  to  the  re-imposition 
of  the  duty  on  foreign  com.  In  private  life,  and 
in  the  profession  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
Mr.  Butt  was  held  in  high  et^teem. 

Elizabeth  Crompton,  ^ife  of  Cha^.  Chambers, 
e»q.,  of  Broomhill-park,  Sheffield,  and  niece  of 
the  late  Thos.  B.  Crompton,  esq.,  of  Famworth. 


Aged  72,  Geo.  Scharf,  esq.,  aa  eminent  artist, 
and  one  of  the  earliest  lithographers  in  England. 

At  Budleigh  Salterton,  Devon,  aged  76,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  Chas.  Pearse,  esq.,  of  Greenway- 
house,  Luppit. 

Nov.  12.  Aged  75,  Anne  Rosilin  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Kingsmill  Evans,  esq.,  of  the  Hill- 
court,  Herefordshire,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Col.  Thornton,  of  Flintham-hall,  Notts. 

Nov.  13.  At  his  country  residence,  near  Paris, 
aged  71.  M.  Vatimesnil,  an  eminent  jurist  and 
politician.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1810,  and 
on  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons  he  was  fre- 
quentiy  employed  as  the  law  officer  of  the  Crown 
in  proceedings  against  Beranger,  and  others.  In 
1824  he  was  made  Advoeate-General  to  the  Court 
of  Cassation,  and  in  1828  he  became  Minister  of 
Public  Instruction,  when  he  greatiy  ameliorated 
the  condition  of  the  primary  teachers,  who 
evinced  their  gratitude  by  presenting  him  with 
a  gold  medal  on  his  retirement  from  office. 
During  the  reign  of  Louis  Philippe,  and  under 
the  Republic,  he  was  a  very  active  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  but  the  coup  d'itat  of 
December,  1851,  drove  him  again  into  private  life, 
disheartened  and  disgusted  with  politics.  Hap- 
pily, he  had  his  profession  to  fall  back  upon  ;  he 
enrolled  his  name  once  more  among  the  members 
of  the  Paris  bar,  but  practised  more  as  a  consult- 
ing counsel  than  a  pleader.  M.  Vatimesnil  was 
moderately  Legitimist  in  politics.  His  reputa- 
tion as  a  jurist  was  high.  He  was  the  author  of 
numerous  "  memoirs"  on  law  cases,  and  of  valu- 
able essays  which  have  appeared  in  the  Ricueil 
giniral  des  Lois  et  AnHs.  He  was  the  author  of 
some  political  tracts,  and  has  left  a  French  trans- 
lation of  the  De  Clementid  of  Seneca. 

At  Bedford,  aged  58,  John  Nugent  Barberie, 
esq. 

At  Hanover-cres.,  Brighton,  aged  66,  Julia 
Matilda,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph 
Burchell,  esq.,  many  years  Deputy  Under-Sheriff 
of  Middlesex. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  53,  Wm.  Oliphant,  esq., 
publisher. 

At  Haslar  Hospital,  of  secondary  fever,  after 
measles,  aged  13,  George  Augustas  Wood,  Cadet 
H.M.S.  "  Britannia,"  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Robert  Cruttwell,  esq.,  Widcombe-hill,  Bath. 

At  the  Lodge,  Wrington,  Prances,  third  dan. 
of  the  Rev.  William  Swcte. 

At  Cardoness,  in  the  Stewartry  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, Sir  David  Maxwell,  bart.,  Hon.  Col.  of 
the  Galloway  Militia. 

At  Hy^res,  in  the  south  of  France,  aged  36, 
Charles  Thomas  Coote,  M.D.,  late  Radcliffe 
Travelling  Fellow  of  the  University  of  Oxford, 
and  one  of  the  Assistant  Physicians  of  the  Middle- 
sex HoepitaL 

At  Leamington,  aged  62,  John  Hampden,  esq., 
a  lineal  descendant  of  the  great  Hampden.  He 
was  a  gentieman  of  cultivated  taste,  and  took 
great  interest  in  antiquarian  research  and  in 
literature  generally.  He  will  be  remembered  bj 
nutny  for  his  amiable  and  generous  feelinirs* 
which  endeared  him  to  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  proud  of  hia  family  name  and  reputation. 


G86 


Obituary. 


I 


t 


}    ' 


I-  ! 

r       I 
'        I 


Nov.  U.  At  hit  residence,  Sarbiton-hiU,  agred 
72.  Edward  Lloyd,  e«q.,  formeriy  of  the  General 
Poat-offlce. 

At  Hartley  Wintney,  Hants,  Fenwick  Martin 
Tweddell,  esq.,  staff-surgeon,  late  of  4th  Batt 
Military  Train. 

At  Thurston-lodire,  Bury  Ht  Edmunds,  Henry 
Itiham,  son  of  the  Rev.  Isham  Case,  Vicar  of 
Metheringham,  Lincolnshire. 

At  Boutpor^st.,  Barnstaple,  aged  81,  Mrs. 
Ann  Yeo. 

At  Hounslow,  aged  45,  Robert  MoUoy,  esq., 
M.D.,  late  of  Clarendon-villas,  Kensington-park, 
son  of  the  late  Mi^or  Mark  John  MoUoy,  of  the 
13ih  Foot. 

At  Hitohln-priory,  aged  27,  Seymour  Walter 
Delm^-Radcliffe,  Commander  in  the  Royal  Navy, 
eldest  son  of  Fred.  Peter  Delm6-Radcliffe,  esq. 

In  Ix)wer  Orosrenor-st.,  Anna  Maria  Ridgway, 
of  Hatton-hall,  Northamptonshire,  and  of  Ridg- 
mont,  Lancashire,  dau.  of  the  late  Peter  Wetten- 
hall,  esq.,  of  Winnington,  Cheshire,  and  widow 
of  the  late  Joseph  Rigdway,  esq.,  of  Udgmont. 

Nor.  15.  At  Florc-honse,  Northamptonshire, 
Mary  Anne,  wife  of  Major-Oen.  Cartwright. 

At  Silwood-pl.,  Brighton,  Susanna,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Cornelius  Neale,  M.A.,  and  dau.  of  the 
late  Dr.  Mason  Good. 

At  Harrow,  aged  15,  William,  youngest  son 
of  the  Rev.  John  Daubuz,  of  Killow,  Cornwall. 

In  St.  George's-rd.,  Ecoleston-sq.,  Maxy  Fanny, 
wife  of  A.  W.  B.  Greville,  esq. 

Aged  82,  Lieut.-Col.  Robert  Macdonald.  C.B., 
hite  of  the  S5th  Regt.  The  deceased  had  served 
at  the  siege  of  Fort  Bourbon  and  capture  of 
Martinique,  in  1808-9,  and  was  next  employed 
in  the  Peninsula.  He  was  present  in  the  retreat 
from  Burgos  in  1812,  and  in  the  campaigns  of 
1813-14  at  the  action  at  Osona,  the  battle  of 
Vittoria,  the  assault  on  the  Convent  of  San 
Sebastian  on  July  17,  and  the  assault  on  the 
town  on  July  25,  when  he  was  severely  wounded. 
On  AugUHt  31,  although  suffering  from  the  effects 
of  his  vround,  he  waH  present  and  engaged  at 
the  nucoessfUl  arfKault  on  San  Sebastian,  where 
he  commanded  two  companies  ordered  to  the 
breach  in  advance  of  the  iKt  brigade  of  the  5th 
division,  and  was  at  the  surrender  of  that  castle 
on  September  8.  The  dpceascd  was  also  pre- 
sent at  the  passage  of  the  Bidassoa,  tlie  battle 
of  the  Nivelle,  and  the  buttles  of  the  Nive.  Ue 
served  also  duriuK  the  campaign  of  1815  in  the 
Netherlands,  and  Wiis  present  at  the  battle*  of 
Quatre  Bras  and  Waterloo  in  the  3rd  battalicm  of 
Iht  Foot,  Royal  Scuts,  where  he  was  again 
severely  wounded.  The  deceased  officer  after- 
wards removed  to  the  35th  Foot,  which  he  com- 
manded for  several  yean*.  For  his  services  at 
Waterloo  he  was  made  a  Companion  of  the  Order 
of  the  Bath,  and  was  decorated  with  the  Order 
of  St.  Anne  of  Ruwtlu  by  the  Emperor  Alexander. 
He  had  received  the  silver  war-medal  and  five 


olaspc  far  wrTleM  ia  the  Peniarala. 
mifldoika  w  we  dated  at  fbllowa : — Emigi 
1802;  lientenaat,  Oet.  18^  ISM ;  eaptali 
1810;   mi^or,  Sept.  21,   161S;   nad    U 
Aug.  S5, 1829. 

Nov.  16.  George  Nerill,  joimgest  m 
late  R.  Booth,  eeq.,  of  Glendon-liall,  Ni 
tonahire. 

At  his  reddence,  Soathna,  Henry, 
son  of  the  Ute  Thoe.  Harriaon,  eaq., 
Harriaon,  oo.  Cock. 

At  Bonneveiae,  near  ManeUlea,  i 
Marietta,  wife  of  PantSa  Stephn  BalU 
naught-pL  Wert. 

Aged  56,  Thomas  Clattoa,  caq.,  Felhr 
College,  Oxford. 

Nov,  17.  In  George-it.,  BathwSck-h 
Catharine  Wade,  widow  of  Li«at.-aeii. 
William  MaxweU,  K.C.H.,  C.B.,  fotn 
of  the  8rd  Weat  India  Regt. 

In  High-at.,  Oxfbrd,  N.  Caatto,  n 
caused  by  aeeklentaUy  falling  off  hia  ho 

At  her  residence,  St.  Joba'a-lodgc, 
park,  aged  71,  laabd,  widow  of  the 
laaae  Lyon  Goldsmid*  bait.,  Baron  do 
and  da  Palmeira. 

Nov.  18.  At  West  Cliff,  Ramagato, 
John  Ashley  Warro,  esq.,  M.P.  ftar  R 
the  last  general  eleotioa  in  1859  Mr.  Wa 
fled  his  Intention  to  rstiro  fhaa  the  rt 
ticm  of  the  borough,  and  the  Right  II< 
Cowper  was  selected  aa  a  candidate ; 
right  hon.  genUsmaa  being  at  that  tia 
there  was  not  soffleient  time  to  tnaami 
vltation,  and  under  theee  elrewnsla 
Warre  again  oonsented  to  stand,  on  tl 
sUnding  that  it  was  the  laet  tinie  he  al 
eome  a  candidate.  Mr.  Warre  waa  a  i 
of  Lord  Palmerston's  AdminlstratloB,  i 
against  the  Conservative  Referm  Bill,  t 
of  which  led  to  last  year's  diasolutioD  « 
ment 

JV  OF.  10.  At  Radwell-hoose,  Baldock 
Evelina,  wife  of  Joseph  Simpson,  eeq. 

At  TarqoMjt  Devonshire,  Sarah  Frai 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Orlfflth,  B.I>.,  Reetor  of 
Tydvil.  Glamorgsnshire. 

At  Oundle^  aged  81,  Jane,  widow 
Pooley,  eaq.,  late  of  Upwood  Hontingri 

At  Westbury-on-Trym,  aged  4A,  Eliaa) 
of  E.  C.  Sutton,  esq. 

At  Queen's-gardeas,  Hyde-pk.,  aged 
hope  Wm.,  seoond  son  of  W.  T.  Thoisii 

Aor.  20.  At  Hssthifs,  aged  S^  mo 
infant  son  of  Lieat.-CoL  the  Hon.  C 
Mrs.  Lindsay. 

At  Fern-hill,  Torquay,  aged  40,  C 
wife  of  George  Bodcn,  esq.,  barrister-al 

NoP,il.  At  Oxford,  agtd  Mt  EUaahi 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Prideaux  UghtA 
Rector  of  Exeter  CoUege,  Oxford. 


14 


I860.] 


687 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  AND  BIRTHS  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 

(From  the  Retumt  issued  hy  the  Se^trar- General,) 
DEATHS  REGISTERED. 


SUPBBINTBNDENT 
BBOISTBABS' 

Area 

in 

Statute 

Acres 

Popula- 
tion 
in 
1851. 

Deaths 

in  Districts,  Ac.,  in  the  Week 
ending  Saturday, 

DI8TBICTS. 

Oct. 

27. 

1860. 

Nov. 

3, 
1860. 

Nov. 

10, 

1860. 

Nov. 

17, 

1860. 

Mean  Temperatui 

e 

•        * 

53-2 

o 

48-7 

401 

o 

417 

London  

78029 

2362236 

1026 

1049 

1084     1183 

1-6.  West  DUtricts    . 

7-11.  North  Districts  . 

12-19.  Central  Districts 

20-25.  East  Districts     . 

26-36.  South  Districts  . 

10786 

13533 

1938 

6230 

45542 

376427 
490396 
393256 
485522 
616635 

151 
208 
159 
204 
304 

186 
214 
147 
217 
285 

177 
218 
150 
233 
306 

234 
256 
179 
220 
294 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 


Oct. 

Nov. 


27 

3 

10 

17 


Deaths  Registered. 


M    &    qj 

JJ  S  So 

^  ^< 

^  r-i  «^ 


go 


551 
562 
598 
614 


-^^ 


M 

V 

TJ 


130 
127 
120 
158 


158 
145 
161 
187 


p 
p 


151 
171 
152 
182 


tJ'd 
S3 

00  g- 


§ 


36 
35 
31 
42 


1026 
1049 
1084 
1183 


Births  Registered. 


994 
956 
890 
997 


-a 
s 

PE4 


955 
912 
801 
863 


1949 
1R68 
1691 
1860 


PRICE  OP  CORN. 

Average  '^    Wheat. 

of  Six    y   t.    d. 

Weeks.  J    59    8 

Barley. 
f.    d. 
40    9 

Oats, 
f.    d. 
23    9 

Rye. 
f.    d, 
86    8 

Beam. 
f.    d. 

40    4 

Peas. 
f.    d. 
48    8 

Week  emling\  to     -i 
Nov.  17.     /  *'''     ^ 

41     4     1    23    5      1    86    4 

50    8 

46    9 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Nor.  22. 
Hay,  21.  lOs.  to  5^.  10*.  —  Straw.  1^.  10*.  to  II.  18*.  —  Clover,  8/.  10*.  to  6/.  16*. 

NEW  METROPOLITAN  CATTLE-MARKET. 
To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  Slbs. 


Beef 4*.    4<i.  to  5*.  Od. 

Mutton 4*.  lOd.  to  5*.  6d. 

Veal 3*.    8rf.  to4*.  6d. 

Pork 4*.    Od.  to5*.  4d. 

Lamb 0*.    Od.  to  0*.  Od. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Nov.  22. 

Beasts 1,216 

Sheep  and  Lambs  21,200 

Calves 246 

Kgg 170 


COAL-MARKET,  Not.  23. 
Best  Wallsend,  per  ton,  20*.  dd,  to  21*.  3d.    Other  sorts,  16*.  6d.  to  19*.  9d. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DI  ART,  bt  H.  GOULD,  lata  W.  OA 

RT 

lSl,8n 

Haroni. 

ThermoiDCter 

•ss 

If 

Weather. 

^1 

11 

P 

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Nov 

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29.   98 

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w» 

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his 

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HH 

Foe.  1^,  fog. 

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clondj.  f«ir 

DAILY  PRICB  OF  STOCKS. 


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Ccul. 

BmBk 

Ex-Bfllfc 

StOBk. 

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26 
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27 
29 
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92     3i 

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92     3 
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93  i 
93 
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229    81 
2291  31 
S30    SI 
282 
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232 
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1^2pm. 
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Ipm. 
2di..lpni. 
2dU.2pm. 
ldu.2pm. 
Sdii^pw. 

Sdii. 

6.6£.. 

221 
2191 

6.adii. 

2201 
220  21 

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4.    2dii. 
6.    Sdk. 

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6.    Sdi*. 

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edu. 

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3.    Sdii. 
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SSS 

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2»1  41 

10.SA». 

ALFRED  WHITHORB, 


/, 


^ 


INDEX 


TO  ESSAYS,  DISSERTATIONS,  HISTORICAL  PASSAGES, 

AND  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


*«•  The  Principal  Memoirs  in  the  Obituary  are  distinctly  entered  in  this  Index, 


Able  and  Ible,  834 

Acland,  Dr.,  Remarks  on  the  Oxford  Mu- 
seum, 170 

Addresses  to  Candidates  for  Ordination, 
422 

After  Many  Days,  188 

Algeria,  Sphynz  and  other  antiquities 
found  in,  245 

Alice  of  Fobbing,  182 

Allectus,  coin  of,  144 

American  Slavery,  The  Right  of,  540 

Anglesey,  primsval  antiquities  of,  498 

— — —  tumulus  in,  489 

Anglo-Saxon  Manuscripts,  270 

Relics  in  Kent,  5tZ 

Annates  Archiologiques,  169 

Anne,  Queen,  letter  of,  625 

Antiquaries,  Society  of,  proceedings  of,  42, 

142,  253,  617 

Apostles  and  the  Offertory,  The,  656 
Archaologieal  Association,  Meeting  of,  2, 

143,  386 
Institute,  proceedings  of,  2, 


256 


paper  rsad  at  the, 


335 

Archaology  in  Algeria,  245 
Archiologique,  La  Contrefa^on,  170 
Architectural  Association,  meeting  of,  626 

Congress  at  Cambridge,  45 

Architecture,  Early  English  Style  of,  459 
in  England  and  Fnmee  during 

the  MiddU  Ages,  628 
Arden,  Rev,  O^  Scripture  Breriates,  542 
Ardudwy,  cromlechs  in,  499 
jlrgyll,  Duke  rf,  and  the  Free  Chorch* 

122 
Argyllshire,  crosses  in,  154 
Armourers*  Company,  collection  of  plate  and 

ancient  deeds  helonging  to  the,  7AZ 
Armoury  qf  Mahmoud  11,,  10 
Arquebusier,  mounted,  226 
Arthur  family,  monument  to  the,  507 
Artois,  Count  <f ,  snuff-hox  preseot^  bj, 

403 

QsNT.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX. 


Arundel,  John  Earl  cf^  discoTery  of  remains 

of.  537 
Arundel  Marbles  at  Orfard,  622 
Ashelworth  manor-house,  850 
Atcham  Church,  yisit  to,  892 
Aubrey    %md    Wood,   correspondence    of, 

612 
JBaeon-house,  conveyance  of,  585 
— ^— —  Books  printed  af^  585 
Badges  qfthe  Percies,  25 
Baldred,  King  rf  Kent,  penny  of,  148 
Bangor,  Cambrian  Arolueolf^cid  Assocfa* 

tion  at,  488 

■  Address  of  the  President  at,  490 

■  Cathedral,  description  of,  500 

■  Temporary  Musenm  at,  488 
Bamack,  Saxon    tower    of,  i^one   sedilQ 

found,  510 

Bayley,  WiUkm  Butterworth,  Stf,,  me- 
moir of;  201 

Bayonet,  The,  282 

Beach  Rambles  in  Search  qf  PehhUe  and 
Crystals,  179 

Beaeon^Uld,  tombs  at,  895 

Beaumaris  Castle,  description  of,  405 

— ^—  Church,  monument  in,  496 

Beeket,  Arehb,,  Is  it  right  to  speak  U, 
as  Beeket,  168 ;  or  St.  Thomas,  409  j  or 
Thomas  of  Loudon,  800 

Beestm  Church,  architecture  of,  71 

Beggar,  anecdote  of  a,  582 

Bell,  Thomas,  Bsq,,  memdr  of^  196 

Bell-founders  qf  Gloucester,  260 

BeuihaU-haU,  visit  to»  887 

Bentham,  G.,  Hand-book  of  the  Britiib 
Flora,  179 

Berkeley  Castle,  architecture  Qt,  888 

■  chapel  and  oriel,  844 
Beverky,  Percy  shrine  at,  21 
Beverstone  Castle,  roin  of,  846 
BiekUigh  Church,  tomb  in,  629 
Birch,  Robert,  a  rsputed  conjuror,  880 
Birthday  Souvenir,  657 

Blaeki^s  Coa^jfrehensive  History  rf  Ag- 
land,  183,  422,  542 

4v 


690 


Index  to  Essays,  ^e. 


i 


ii 


11 


il 


'  I 

I 

II 

II' 


r 

I 


Blakeney  Church,  architecture  of,  71 
BoUover  Castle^  antiquity  of,  289 
Bonaparte,  Jerome,  memoir  of,  207 
Boorde,  Andrew,  letter  from,  404 
Borrowton,  spearhead  found  at,  292 
Boifitld,  History  of  the  family  of,  468 
Bourton-on-the- Water,  Roman   spearhead 

found  at,  621 
Bowman,  Christopher,  examination  of,  140 
Box,  Roman  villa  at,  143 
Brazil,  its  History,  People,  &c.,  310 
Brent,  J,,  Canterbury  in  the  Olden  Time, 

420 
^ ■   Felix  Summerley's   Handbook 

to  Canterbury,  edited  by,  420 
Breton  Antiquities,  501 
Breviatesfrom  Holy  Scripture,  542 
Brinkburn  Priory,  proposed  restoration  of, 

147 
British  Association,  meeting  of,  143 

Butterflies,  658 

Sea  Weeds,  658 

Brockley  Combe,  rocks  at,  508 
Bronze  and  Iron  in  Egypt,  153 
Buckingham,  Duke  of,  letters  of,  143 
Buckland  Priory,  History  of,  503' 
Bucks  Architectural  and  Archaological  50- 

ciety,  meeting  of,  395 
Buildwas  Abbey,  visit  to  the  ruins  of,  387 
Bullock,  Rev,  T.  H,,  Lectures  delivered  at 

Crosby-hall,  657 
Bunhury,  Gen,  Sir  Senry  Edward,  memoir 

of,  91 
Burrows,  M.,  Pass  and  Class,  81 
Bury  St.  SdmuneTs  Abbey,  64< 

visit  to,  63 

Cabarra,  Fort  of,  357 
Cabinet,  Literature  in  the  late,  122 
Cadbury  Camp,  description  of,  504 
Caerleb,  Roman  camp  at,  499 
Cairnconiion-hill,  chambers  on  the,  153 
Calais,  Peter  de    Courtenay,  Governor  qf, 

233 
Calcot,  barn  at,  347 
Calcutta  Cathedral,  roof  of,  147 
Calthorpe  Family,  pedigree  of,  142 
Cambrian  Arclueological  Association  at  Ban- 

gor,  488 
Cambridge,  Architectural  Congress  at,  45 

■  Architectural  History  of,  51 

■  Arms  in  the  Churches  of  St. 
Andrew  the  Less,  407;  St.  Benedict, 
407  ;  St.  Botolph,  407  ;  St.  Clement, 
407;  St.  Edward,  408;  St.  Giles,  408; 
the  Holy  Sepulchre,  408;  St.  Peter, 
408 

■     Visitation  of  Arms  at,  407 

Univernity  and  Town   of,  Tisit 


to,  60 

Campden,  ancient  houses  at,  350 
Canonbury,  subterranean  passage  in.  624 
Canterbury,   torque    and    vase    found    at, 

142 

in  the  Olden  Time,  420 

Cap  qf  Estate,  144 


CttrauHus,  coins  of,  148, 1 49 
Carlton  Ckwrck,  (5oicfJk,)  design  ft 

tion  of,  146 
Carpenter^   Company,   eollecdon 

and  deeds  of  the»  254 
Cashei  CatMedral,  photogrmphie 

617 
Castles  of  Europo  and  Atia^  pa 

144 
Catalogue  of  BomoM  Inserihtd  a 

tured  SloHUt  246 
Cathedrals,  lestoration  of,  147 
Catrail,  detcriptioii  of,  291 
Cawdor,  Earl  rf,  memoir  of,  672 
Cawthorpe    Ckurek,  {Lit tie,)   en 

frontal  for,  145 
Ceawlin,  campaign  of,  265 
Ceramists,  Romano- Oauiiek,  Wor 
Chairs,  seating  Churches  with,  1< 
Charles  /.,  Letter  of,  625 

//.,  visit  to  the  Court  of, 

awMng  the  Ccvenamiere^ 

Charter-Chest  rf  the  /amUiy  qf 

Auehtermaimiet  403 
Chaucer's  Minor  Pomu,  MS^  643 
Chelvey  Church,  indaed  slab  in,  5 

—  Court,  secret  chamber  in, 
Chepstow  Castle,  architecture  of,  ! 
Cherbourg,  Congreta  of  French 

ries  at,  222 
Chesters,  visit  to,  402 
Chichester  Cathedral,  design    foi 

pavement  at,  145 

The  Guildhall,  sUte  oi; 

Chinese  ehatelain  qfeilver,  149 
Christmas  Books,  658 
Church,  The  Year  of  the^  176 
Churches  recently  buili,  146 

■  deiignt  for  zestoimtion 

510 

seats  or  benches  in,  IZi 

on  the  robbery  of,  896 

Church  Stanway-houee,  858 

—  Stretton,  Roman  remains 
Churchyard  Crosaee,  152,  861 
dlumum,  Roman  bridge  at,  291, 
Cirencester,  Roman  remaina  at,  2 
— —  Church,  architecture  of 

■  porch  of,  852 

dtixene  ef  London  ht  arme,  280 
Civil  Architecture  qfthe  MiddU  A 

Wars,  theb  effect  in  Yorkafa 

Clapton  Church,  monnmeut  in,  50 

■  Jfimor-AosM,  beautiful  a 
507 

Clarkson,  obelisk  to  the  memoty  o 
Clee  Hills,  coal-mines  fai  the,  478 
Clevedon  Court,  visit  to,  504 
Cley-next-the-Sem,  Church  of,  71 
Coaley,  ancient  mansion  at,  858 
Coat-arwumr  aecribed  to  Omr  Sawi^ 

at  Steeiom-^kail^  74 

Cochwillan,  antiquity  o^  501 
Coed  Ithel,  remains  at,  284 


jT 


Index  to  Essays,  8^c. 


691 


Colonial  Churches,  designs  for,  147 
Colour  premiunUf  prizes,  147 
Concise,  reliques  found  at,  5S8 
Concise  History  of  England ,  78 
Congresbury  Church,  restoration  of,  509 
Constance,  Council  of,  and  Scotland,  163 
Cooke,  Thomas,  token  of,  150 
Corbel' table  of  armorial  shields,  74 
Corbridge  Lanx,  copy  of,  632 
Cornwall,  palimpsest  brass  from,  618 
Coronation  Chair,  decorations  of,  40 
Coronations,  Notes  on,  305,  650 
Cottages  for  the  labouring  classes,  plan  of, 

510 
Coverdale*s  Bible  in  Oloueester  Cathedral 

Library,  268 
Cranages,  On,  151 
Credence- table  of  oak,  146 
Crocker,  John,  of  Hoekmorton,  grant  of  arms 

to,  625 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  letter  of,  625 
■  Richard,  halbert  belonging  to, 

142 
Cronlielm,  F,  W.,  Inquiry  into  tbe  Origin 

of  the  Belief  of  Predestination,  421 
Croydon,   North,   design    for    chancel    to 

Christ  Church,  146 
Cumberland,  a  scene  in,  601 
Cumins,  M.  S^  £1  Fureidis,  182 
Cuningham,   Rev.  J.,  Church   History  of 

Scotland,  362 
Curiosities  of  Science,  178 
Dalyngruge,  Sir  Edward,  notice  of,  537 
Dane^ort,  sepulchral  urns  discovered  at, 

516 
Danuet,  family  of,  525 
Danny,  archives  of,  638 
■■  Roman  villa  discovered  at,  638 

Date  Misread,  536 
Dawley,  mineral  treasures  of,  470 
Dean  Forest  Iron-works,  279 
De  Bur  go  Family,  On  a  branch  of,  150 
Deerhurst,  Saxon  church  at,  256 

>    Church,    foundation-stones    of, 


622 


Priory,  remains  of,  347 


Delamotte,  F,,  Primer  of  the  Art  of  lUn- 

mination,  654 
Dene,  Henry,  Prior  of  Llanthony,  &c.,  282 
Derby,  Earl  of.  Oratory  of,  122 
Designs  for  New  Churches,  394 
Dewes,  Mrs.,  Information  against,  888 
Diary  of  Gen,  Patrick  Gordon,  1 1 
Didron,  M.,  Annales  Archfiologiques,  169 
Dimock,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Metrical   life  of  St. 

Hugh,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  459 
Diptychs  qf  ivory,  43 

Disraeli,  Mr.  Benjamin,  character  of,  125 
Ditchling  Church,  637 
Dolphin,  The,  an  insect,  581 
Domestic  Architecture  in  Mediaoal  London, 

412 
Dover  Castle,  lecture  on,  285 
• •  restoration  of  tbe  church  at, 

147 


Dover,  St  Mary's  in  the  Castle,  222 

St.  Martin's  Priory,  286 

■  Maison  Dieu  at,  394 

Down  Amney' house,  352 

Drouyn,  Leo,  La  Guienne  Anglaise,  S5S 

Druidique,  La  Pretendue  Decoaverte  d'ua 

Autel,  166 
Drummond,  H.,  Esq.,  Speeches  in  Parlia- 
ment, 657 
Dublin  Cathedral,  147 

Dean  of  St  Patrick's,  seal  of,  149 

Ducking  or  Coekqueane  Stool,  651 
DugdaU*s  Visitation  of  Yorkshire,  28 
Dumeril,  A,  M.  C,  memoir  of,  433 
Dundonald,  Earl  if,  memoir  of,  669 
Durham,  seal  of  Greatham  Hospital,  144 

• Cathedral,  photographs  of,  146 

— ^^—  windows  in,  894 
Dursley,  ancient  houses  at,  350 
Dj/ffryn,  remarkable  figure  on  the  cap- 
stone of  a  cromlech  at,  499 
Dyrham,  Battle  of,  264 
Fsodgar,  King,  penny  of,  398 
Earth,  First  Traces  of  Life  on  the,  180 
East  Anglian,  The,  541 
Eoitehurch,    stately    monument    in    the. 

church  at,  243 
East  Hendred  Qmreh,  lately  demolished,- 

336 
Ecclesiastical  Embroidery  Society,  success. 

of,  148 
Eeclesiological  Society,  meeting  of,   145, 
394 

• progress,  148 

Edward  I.,  silver  penny  of,  684 

• •  //.,  silrer  penny  of,  634 

■  VL,  Coronation  of,  168 

Edwards,  John,  Concise  History  of  Eng-. 

land,  78 
Eleanor,  Queen,  tomb  of,  36  » 

Elegy  ofLlywarch  Hen,  264 
ElemenU  qf  Banking,  The,  657 
El  Fureidis,  \92 

Elixabeth,  Queen,  autograph  of,  625 
— —  qf  York,  Coronation  of,  161 
Elliot,  Mr.,  illustrationa  of  Somerset,  508  • 
Elliott,  Robert,  Irish  elegy  on,  898 
Ellison,  Cuthbert,  Esq,,  memoir  o^  205 
Elmley,  Isle  of,  237,  244 
Elphinstone,  Lord,  memoir  of,  190 
Blvey,  Dr.  Stephen,  memoir  of,  557 
Elvin,  C.  N.,  Handbook  of  Mottoes,  589^ 
Ely  Cathedral,  description  of,  56 
Encyelopadia  Britanniea,  421 
English  Cathedral  of  the  Nineteenik  Ofa- 
tury,  62 

—  Home,  Our,  167 

Episcopal  Names  in  the  Twe^  Ctnturyt 

528,  646 
Esiampes,  churches  at,  527 
^—  synagogues  at,  526 
Europe,  Andent  Armour  and  Wei^Kms  iof 

223 
Evane,  Edward  Daoid,  memoir  ot,  484 
E9elynf.Siekard,J}fd^,ei^^  .        


692 


Index  to  Essays,  tfc. 


n  1 


1?  I 


'I 


i\ 


If 


Exeter  Diocttan  Jrehiiectural  Society,  mttU 

ing  of,  627 
— ^-  execution  at,  7 
Fairford  Church,  windows  at,  266 
Fair  ton  Village,  183 
Fairy  Land,  658 

Felbrigg,  Sir  George,  tomb  of,  636 
Felton  family,  notice  of  the,  636 
Fereday,  Samuel,  experiments  of,  473 
Finlaiton,  John,  Esq^  memoir  of,  194 
Fitz,  Sir  John,  anecdote  of,  630 
Fitzpatrick  family,  tomb  of,  397 
Flavia  Augustina,  monument  to,  520 
Fleetwood,  the  Recorder,  letters  from,  43 
Flint  implements,  collection  of,  391 
Flowers  qf  the  Fields  179 
Footprints  on  the  Sands  qf  Time,  422 
Foreign  Office,  Shall  it  be  Oothio  or  Cits- 

sic?  306 
Forfarshire,  ancient  remains  in,  152 
France,  Mediaeval  monuments  in,  406 
.^^—  Roman  remains  in,  159,  476 
Francis  I.,  of  France,  autograph  of,  625 
Francis,  J,  G.,  Beach  Rambles,  179 
Fraser,  W,,  Parish  Sermons,  542 
Freeman,  E,  A,,  Lecture  on  Waltham  Ab« 

bey,  45 

■  Wayboume  Church,  66 

On  the  term  Saxon,  265 

French  Invasions  of  the  Isle  qf  Wight,  450 

■  Monuments,  Oagnieres*  collection 
of  drawings,  406 

Frondeg,  incised  stone  at,  499 
Froude,  J,  A.,  History  of  England,  3 
Fulford,  W.,  Songs  of  Life,  183 
Fulham  Fields,  posey  ring  found  in,  143 
Fumess  Abbey,  visit  to,  398 
Furniture  qf  our  English  Home,  167 
Gatton  Church,  restoration  of,  1 54 
Genealogical  Table  of  the  Descent  rf  tk§ 

St.  Barbe  family,  414 
Geology,  Advanced  Text-book  of,  656 
German  Drinking  Glass,  142 
———  Emperors,  great  seals  of,  626 

History,  explanation  of,  571 
Germany,  Ecclesiastical  activity  in,  147 
GerrartTs  Cross  Church,  31)5 
Gilbart,  J,  W,,  The  ElemenU  of  Banking, 

657 
Glasgow,  new  Park  Church  at,  147 
Glastonbury  Abbey,  sculptured   stones  at, 

506 
Glevum  or  Roman  Gloucester,  deicription 

of.  207 
Gloucester,  the  Archaeological  Institute  at, 

256 

■  Cathedral,  architecture  of,  2, 262 
History  of,  270 

— — —  monastic  buildings  at,  257 

St.  Mary  de  Crypt,  schoolhoutd 


at,  259 


352 


Crypt  Grammar  School-houM, 

Black  Friars*  Monastery,  259 
Grey  Friars'  Churab,  259 


Oloueetier,  dfawing  of  St.  Nieholi 
260 

■  Deanery  at,  835 
— ~—  Chapel  of  the  Deaaerj 
vaulted  chamber  at  i 
Inn,  336 

Tannert*  Hall  at,  S42 

timber-houaee  at,  950 

Museum  of  Roman  i 


at,  266 


Bell-fbanden  of,  260 
Parliaments  of,  263 


Gloueetterskire,  Medieral  hou 
Goodrich  Cattle,  mine  of,  282 

■         Court,  armour  at,  281 
Goodrich,  Sir  Harry,  anecdote  ol 
Gordon,  Gem.  Patrick,  Diarr  of, 
Gradhu,  King,  legend  of;  477 
Graham  qf  Clavtrhmmm^  extract  f 

ter  of;  366 
Griffith,  Dr,,  drawinga  by,  808 
Grundisburgh,  S.  Acton,  Ecq^  oc 

antiquities,  637 
Guardian  Newepaper  amd  ikt  Sm 

view,  410 
Chiest,  Dr.,  bit  Reaearchea  on  tfa 

Conquest  in  Britain,  265 
Guilds,  description  oi;  187 
Gumey,  J.  H,,  Sermona  1^,  542 
Gwerneinion,  shield  found  at,  50C 
Hadleigh,    the   Town,    the  Chu 

135 
Reetory-tower,  187 

■  Mayor  and  CorpontiM 
of  arms  to,  618 

Hale*  Abbey,  leaden  ImpreaaioB  ( 

of,  520 
Halifax,  All  Sonla  Church,  aol 

at,  145 
Hamilton,  John,  JSif .,  memoir  of, 

Rev,  Jttvmt,  memoir  of 

Handbook  qfthe  BriiUh  .VVsro,  1 

ifMoitoca^  580 

Eand'guns,  The  flrat,  224 
Hares  qf  Stow  Bardoipk,  grant  oi 

624 
Harry  Sirkett,  188 
Harty,  Isle  of;  237.  244 
Harvey,  Gen.  Sir  Bobert  Jloksu  n 

190 
Jffawksbury,  deaign  for  an  iron  < 

145 
Hebrew  Tokens,  148 
Henry  Fill.,  autograph  e(  626 
Heraldic  Qfiery,  2 
Heraldry,  Ancient,  20 

■  Founded  on  Facta,  25! 
Herbert,  Sir  Tkovtag,  aneedoto  of] 
Herefordshire,  Parochial  Churcbi 
HerstmoHceus  Cattle,  Hiatoiy  oC 
Hendttm,  WUttam,  JSSif.,  memoii 
Hewitt,  J,,  Ancient  Armour  and 

in  Europe,  828 
Hexham^  broQie  tripod  vhmI 
153 


,1   ^ 


Index  to  Etsays,  ifc. 


693 


Hexham  Chapter-houtey  401 

■  Churchy  shrine  at,  519 

■  St.  Andrew's  Church,  descriptioii 
of,  399 

Wilfrid's  Crypt  at,  401 


Seytesbury,  Lord,  memoir  of,  90 
Higham  Ferrars,  cross  at,  361 
Highnam  Court,  pictures  at,  266 
Sigh  Rochester,  inscription  found  at,  248 
Hingeston,  Rev.  F.  C,  Royal  and  Histori- 
cal Letters,  233 
Hintlesham  Priory,  silver  lace  from,  148 
History,  Connection  of,  with  Architecture, 

619 
Soit,  T.  W.,  The  Right  of  American  Sla- 
very, 540 
Holdgate,  Archb.,  Pall,  522,  648 
Home,  Our  English,  167 
■  Defences,  Our,  180 

Morton  Manor-house,  353 

Norman  house  at,  336,  338 

House  for  the  Suburbs,  79 

Huntley,   Rev.  R.  W.,  The  Tear  of  the 

Church,  174 
Hyde  Park,  Volunteer  Review  in,  40 
Hymns  for  Public  Worship,  656 
Icomb,  medieval  house  at,  351 
Iconography,  169 
Idrone,  plantation  of,  151 
/.  H.  S,,  interpretation  of,  507,  570 
Illustrated  Paper  Model  Maker,  658 
Illustrations  of  Useful  Arts,  178 
Ilsam,  chapel  at,  description  of,  628 
Ingram,  Herbert,  JEsq.,  memoir  of,  554 
Inventory  of  a  Breton  Manor -himse  in  the  ' 

Sixteenth  Cfentury,  133 
Ireland,  ancient  atlas  of,  516 
Irish  Rebellion,  memorial  of,  150 
Iron  Acton,  cross  at,  361 
Ironmongers*  Company,  antiquitiei  belong- 
ing to  the,  254 
Iron  Works  of  the  Forest  rf  Dean,  279 
Irving,  David,  LL.D,,  memoir  of,  320 
Isle  of  Wightt  French  Invasions  of  the, 

449 
——>  Proposed  Fortification  of  the^ 

456 
Italy,  Development  of  Christian  Architec- 
ture in,  480 
Ivories,  Collection  of  Casts  of  Ancient,  42 
James  II,,  visit  to  the  Court  of,  15 

letter  of,  625 

James,  Charge  Payne  Raynsford,  Flsq,,  me- 
moir of,  198 
Jerpoint  Abbey,  removal  of  a  wall  at,  397 
Jewitt,  LI,  The  Reliquary,  171 
John  ofEltham,  monument  of,  39 
Johns,  Rev.  C  A,,  Flowers  of  the  Field, 

179 
Johnson,  Mr.  Ooddard,  memoir  of,  94 
Keck,  G,  A.  Legh,  Esq,,  memoir  of^  554 
Kent  Archaologicid  Shcistyt  annual  meet- 
ing of,  2,  285 
— —  Roman  remains  in,  141 
Keys,  collection  of  ancient,  626 


Kilkenny  Archaological  Soeietyt  meeting 

of,  149,397,516 
•^— —  printing  in,  notices  of,  517 
— —  suhurbs  of,  517 
Kir  by  Bellars,  cross  at,  361 
Knockmore  Mountain,  lettered  cave  on,  517 
Knox,  John,  character  of,  364 
Labourer^  Cottages,  On  the  Improvement 

of,  59 
La  Guienne  AngkUse,  355 
Laing,  Rev,  D.,  memoir  of,  436 
Lanarkshire,  antiquities  from,  143 

• shrine  found  in,  148 

Lancashire  and  Cheshire  WUls,  172 
Lanchester,  iron  implements  discovered  at, 

519  ' 

Lauderdale,  Earl  qf,  memoir  of,  431 
Laughten-en-le'Morthen  Church,  architec- 
ture of,  290 
Lavendon  Abbey,  paper  on,  396 
Leekhampton  Manor-house,  351 
Lectures  delivered  at  Crosby-haU,  657 
Lee,  Robert,  grant  of  arms  to,  142 
Legend  of  King  Gradlon,  477 
Leicester,  coin  of  Vespasian  found  at,  631 
Leicestershire  Architectural  and  Archeeolo* 

gical  Society,  151,  398,  631 
Lendal,   leaden  bulla  of   Honorius   III. 

found  at,  520 
Leven  and  Melville,  Earl  of,  memoir  of,  550 
Leysdoum  Church,  state  of,  244 
Liddon,  Rev.  H,  P,,  Sermon  on  oar  Lord's 

Ascension,  82 
L^e-boat,  The,  181,  541 
Lilbume,  John,  medtA  of,  398 
LiUeshaU  Abbey,  ruins  of,  388 
Limerick,  coin  of  the  Emperor  Galbafonnd 

at,  149 

Tokene,  150 

Lincoln  Cathedral,  architecture  of,  459 
The  "Bishop"   and 

'<  Dean  "  at,  649 

St.  Hugh  rf,  and  the  Eady  Englith 


Styles  640 

Diocesan  Arehiteetwral  Society,  289 


Idndirfame  Gospels,  MS.,  292 
Lhdey-haU,  visit  to,  889 
Literature  in  the  late  Cabinet,  122 
Little  Sodbury  Manor-hemee,  description  of, 

853 
Liverpool  Architectural  and  Arehsolegieat 
,     Society,  excursion  of,  898 
Livingstones,  family  of  the,  334 
Llandegai  Church,  effigies  in,  501 
Llanidan   Church,  discrediuble  ttite  of, 

499 
Llanthony  Ahhey,  mini  of,  2,  850 

■  history  of,  257 

Locke,  Joeeph,  Esq.,  memmr  of,  484 
Leeshardie  Crose,  inscription  on,  504 
London  CompanM  Plate,  258 

Directory  1755,  626 

— —  The  Great  Fire,  14 

■  and  Middlesex,  and  Surrey  Areketo* 

Iflfleol  &dc«ft,  meeting  of,  6S4 


Index  to  Staays,  IfC. 


Long  Eveaitigt ;   or,  Stoiiea  toi  mj  Little 

Friends,  6SS 
Loil  in  Ciyldf),  668 
Lauvicamp    Church,    lepulchril   italue   id, 

406 
Loaer,  M.A.,  PatronjmicB  Brilannica,  6S2 
Lucia't  Marriage,  Vll 
Lndlnti  Caillt,  dmctiplion  of,  3B8 
LallingUeoe,  curious  bowl  found  at,  14! 
Lgmitigi,  KoiDBn  ind  Saxon  Temains  nt. 


Xy»«, 


t,  577 


I  isblel  round 


£yioni,  RiT.  B.,  Tbe  Romans  in  Qloueei- 

terthiie,  542 
Lyitm,  Sir  E.  Baluitr,  Works  of,  123 
Marti  Iff  lilt  Cilg  tjfLnndvn,  2aS 
Matlrnah,  Gtn.  Jahn,  mcnioii  of,  206 
tlackie.  S.  J.,  First  Traces  of  Life  on  the 

Earth,  180 
Madrai  and  Cuddalore  m  the  Lait  Cenlarg, 

Malmeibnry,  Earl  i^f.  Literary  Works  ot, 

123 
JUaiijnuj  Iht  Dam,  S38 
Manner;  Lord  John.  Works  of,  12S 
Manvert,  Caunlii;  nn'Tnoiror,  431 

Earl,  memoir  of,  673 

Marathon,  arnxr-Leads  Tuund  on  the  Geld 

of,  306 
Margaret  iif  Coaaay,  IBS 
MariaK,  1S3 


617 

Marilan  Moor,  battle  of,  30 
Marlin,  Felir  John,  Eiq.,  memoir  of,  188 
Mars  Mrrlon,  183 

Quien,  Council-book  of,  3 

Statute-book  of.  9 

Heart  Atbbg  Church,  design  for  reitoia- 

tion  of,  146 
Merkhnburg-Strelltt,  11. HE.  the  Qrand 

Dukt  q/;  memoir  of,  430 
Memento  mori  medal,  144 
Meigiham  Cour 


e  0/  Wal, 


,  4S3 


Ifailtea  Cowl,  hiatorjr  of,  SOT 

Mamar-haiut,  £08 

Feiiry-baoki,  extnEU  from 

Napier,  Maj.  Qen.  £.,  and  the  Srri 

lief  Fund,  &7Z 
Narrien,  Join,  Btq.,  roemiur  of,  IM 
Nell  Gwgime,  rigfnmtara  of,  62fi 
Neptune'i  Mermi,  65S 
Nelley  Abb€ii,  diseareria*  it,  110 

restonlion  of,  147 

NnilHolt,u\B%t.6S\ 

Nimeaitle  Socieig  of  jinlimua-itt,  t 

of,  291,399,  518,  632 

iil»er  pennies  foand  mt,  6 

NewenI,  The  Boolball,  3S1 
Neapnrt  Garruon  in  Iht  Cnil  Wm, 

Pagittll,   lempoiarj    MoM 

39& 

Niall  Iff  the  Nine  Htetaget,  1 16 
Nibliy,  ancient  faouae  at,  S5] 
Northampton,   St  SepnlebM*!  Chu 

storation,  G13 
Norlhamploiuhirt     ArekUtetand     , 

meeting  of,  SIO 

Stpn 

Norlhumher/and,  Earl  ^,  Btandan)  ■ 

burial  of,  S 

Ntrmeh,  Corporation  aecoiiati  of,  1 


Milton,  stone  coffina  found  at,  403 
Minor  Prophrti  toilh  a  Commentary,  664 
Mimler  Church  in  Shcf^y,  243 
Hiecellanea,  406 
Monaelic    Pariih    Churcliei,   arrangementi 

of,  66 
Mouainglon  Church,  design  for  lestoiBtlon 

of,  143 
Montreal  Cathedral,  opcninpof,  147 
Moaumealttl  Brasiet,  remarks  on,  62S 
Morgtt,  Lake- dwellings  at,  390 
Morri;  Mr.  Jetrph,  memoir  of,  19S 

T.  A.,  House  fur  the  Suburbs.  79 

Moulim,  vie«  of  the  Roman  Kilna  disco- 
vered near.  604 
Murray,  Rev.  Thoi.  Boylei,  memoir  of,  553 
M-uic  in  Brazil,  310 
Mfuteiidi,  Sir  Andrtv,  memoir  of,  S64 


0'/>dni^tw,  /.,  EarlT  Iriih  Hiatoi 

374 
Oghawi,  calltd  Segramaat  ilone,  491 
Ogle,  Roirrl,  monumeut  of,  MO 
Ogaf,  lepulchral  ehamber  at,  498 
Ottly,  W.  8.,  Development  of  CI 

*     ■■ ^-iltalj,480 

- 1  ol 
«(*.  14 


Originml  Documtmti,  140,  S80,    4B 

617 
Orkniy,  antiqaitia  tonnd  in,  40S 
Orleani,  churches  at,  517 

synagogues  at,  626 

Omerod,  tfm.  Pirri,  £if .,  mcinut  < 
(yShee  Family,  Genealogical  NotM 

160 
Ot/ard  JrchiteclMTol  aad  Hitltriad  , 

619 
Bodleian    Library,    coUcel 

diawiDRB  in,  406 

Britiah  Aaaooiatlon  at,  14S 

ifasnia,  worka  at,  14£ 

-  Bemarks  on  the,  I 


Palimpieil  Bratijrom  Ctmmmll,  SI 
Papal  Built  retaling  le  Setllmitd,  11 
Parehmtnl  BereU  wrUfn  as  IMO,  i 


Index  to  Essays,  ifC. 


695 


Parker y  Rev.  Johny  memoir  of,  675 

Pass  and  Class^  81 

Paironymica  Britanniea,  652 

Payny  Stephen,  seal  of,  144 

Pechell,  John,  Esq,,  memoir  of,  678 

Penmaen,  Camp  on,  481 

PenmaentnawTf  description  of,  501 

Penmon  Priory,  497 

Penrhyn  Castle,  site  of,  501 

PentonmlUx  design  for  new  church  at,  146 

Pepysy  Rt,  Rev.  Renry,  Sp.  qf  Worcester, 
memoir  of.  674 

Perciesy  Old  Heraldry  of  the,  18 

Percival,  family  of,  506 

Peter  the  Cheat  and  Gen.  Patrick  Gordon, 
13 

Peterborough  Cathedral,  painting  of,  510 

Pevensey  Castle,  visit  to,  404 

Philippa,  Queen,  tomb  of,  37 

Phoenician  inscription,  143 

Photographic  Pictures,  511 

Piccopcy  Rev.  G.  J.,  Lancashire  and  Che- 
shire Wills,  172 

Pidgeon,  K.,  Handbook  for  Shrewsbary, 

171 
P'igot,  Rev.  H.,  Hadleigh,  135 
Pike,  Disuse  of  the,  227 
Pilgrim*  s  Sonnet,  A,  129 
Pilkington's,  Bishop,  Letters,  484 
Pinner,  Nuremberg  jetton  found  at,  148 
Planche,  J.  R.,  The  PursuiYant  of  Arms, 

252 
Plas  Alcock,  chimney-stack  at,  501 
PlaS'Newydd,  tumulus  and  cromlech  at, 

499 
Plasterers*  Company,  plate  of,  254 
Plate  of  Ancient  date,  collection  of,  253 
Platonic  Dialogues  for  JEnglith  Readers, 

173 
Playford  Church,  637 
'  Hall,  description  of^  ^^ 

and  the  Feltons,  686 

Poacher* s  Dog,  anecdote  of,  583 

Poem  of  the  Book  of  Job  done  into  English 

Ferse,  419 
Pole,  Cardinal,  character  of,  8,  6 
Political  Poems  and  Songs,  130 
Pontefract  Castle,  292 
Pope  Pius  IX.,  Constitution  o^  170 
Portbury  Camp,  fortifications  of,  507 
— — —  Church,  Norman  doorway  at,  507 
■  Priory,  ruins  of,  507 

Porthamely  site  of,  499 
Portishead  Church,  restoration  of,  506 
Potter,  Mr.  F.,  birth  of,  614 
Powell,  Rev.  Baden,  memoir  of,  204 
Poujis  Castle,  paper  on,  388 
Poyser,  Thomas,  Esq.,  memoir  of,  319 
Prague,  synagogue  at,  527 
Primer  of  the  Art  of  Illumination,  654 
Privy  Council  Records,  extract  from,  8 
Public  Worship,  Out,  174 
Pusey,  E,  B.,  The  Minor  Prophets,  ftc, 

654 
Puynormand,  remaina  at^  Z&S 


Quaich  of  ebony  and  ivory,  403 
Queenborough  Castle,  237 

Railway  Station,  242 

Queens  of  Society,  The,  181 

Ralph  Seabrook,  658 

Rational  JEnJoymentt  rfthe  Poor,  Necessity 

of  Increasing,  584 
Reigate,  Surrey  Archaeological  Society  at,' 

154 

•  Barons'  Cave  at,  156 

• Priory,  oak  mantel>piece  at,  156 

■  temporary  museum  «at,  156 
Reliquary,  The,  171 ;  No.  II.,  541 
RenUnisceneet :  by  a  Clergyman's  Wife, 

176 
Researches  into  the  Religimu  of  Syria,  655 
Rewley  Abbey,  foundation-stone  of,  622 
Richard  I.,  coronation  of,  160 
Richmond,  Duke  of,  memoir  of,  665 
RingthaU  Church,  fresco  at,  542 
Rippon,  Roger,  death  of,  140 
Roberts,  Mr,  George,  memoir  of,  201 
Robertson,  J,  C,  On  '*  Becket,"  163,  410 
Roche  Abbey,  excavations  at,  291 

■    photographic   illustrationa 

of,  308 
Rodmarton  Manor-house,  351 
Roman  inscribed  and  sculptured  etones,  246 

■  keys,  626 

■  remains  in  Kent,  141 

'  roads  in  Scotland,  518 

Romans  in  GUmeestershire,  542 
Rome,  Old  St  Peter's,  at,  536,  570 
Roos,  family  of,  vicissitudes  of  the,  81 
Roquetaillade  Castle,  architecture  of,  356 
Roseisle,  opening  of  a  cist  at,  408 
Rother,  ancient  vessel  found  in  Uie,  288 
Rothley,  cross  at,  361 
Round  Churches,  description  of,  514 
Ruardean,  licence  to  orenellate,  844,  851 
Russia,  The  Empress  Mother  rf,  memoir  o( 
665 

•  Grand  Duchess  Anne  qf,  memoir 
of,  319 

Rustington  Church,  design  for  restoration 

of;  145 
Rutland  Churches,  118 
St.  Bar  be  Family,  pedigree  o^  414 
St.  BriaoeVs  Castle,  chimney-tops  at,  838 
St.  Edmund,  legend  of,  138 
St.  Hugh,  Bishop  rf  Lincoln,  metrical  life 

of,  459 
I  rf  Lincoln  and  the  Early  English 

Style,  640 
St.  John*s  Church,  dilapidated  sUto  of,  290 
St.  PauPs  Cathedral,  reparation  o^  144 
St.  Thomas,  409 
Sabina,  coin  of,  898 
jSSniMiaii  ware,  ornamented,  144 
Sandys,  Lord,  memoir  of,  190 
Sate  Cobur^  Gotika,  H.R.H.  Duchess  Doww 

rf,  memoir  of,  550 
Seandinaman  Old-Lore  and  Antiquities,  696 
Sehaible's  Practical  Elementary  ExereUei 

in  the  Art  rf  Thinking,  422 


ri' 


■.[ 


696 


Index  to  Etsays,  tfc. 


l'\ 


\ 


-  ■! 


V 


"1 

i  il:  ,1 


1' 


r,   I 


<   I 


'  t 


Scotland,  Society  of  Antiquaries  of,  meeting 
of,  152,  402 

■  Church  History  of,  362 

Rowland  HUl  in,  369 

— ^^— -  Roman  roads  in,  518 
Whitfield  in,  368 

Scottf  G.  G.,  Lecture  on  Westminster  Ab- 
bey, 33 

Sir  F.  E.,  Shall  the  New  Foreign 

Office  be  Gothic  or  Classic  ?  806 

Scottish  coins,  collection  of,  403 

Sea- Board  and  the  Down,  The,  578 

Sea  Kings  of  England,  The,  658 

Seals,  silver,  collection  of,  624 

Seals  or  Benches  in  Churches,  134 

Sebert,  King,  tomb  of,  40 

Seckford'hall,  architecture  of,  635 

Seck/ord's  tomb,  635 

Sedbury,  Roman  remains  at,  280,  334 

Segedunum,  cohort  of  Lingones  at,  248 

Selbt/,  discovery  of  an  ancient  cemetery, 

.639 
Sheerness  Dockyard,  239 
Shelton,  MS.  vol.  of  coats  of  arms  of  the 

family  of,  533 

■  Church,  painted  glass  at,  532 
Shelve-hill  lead  mines,  389 
Sheppey,  A  Fisit  to,  237 

■  agriculture  in,  241 

The  Coterells,  238,  239 

Sherbum  Church,  coats  of  arms,  75 
Sherburne,  cross  at,  361 

Shiffnal  Church,  visit  to,  388 

— ^— ^ architectural   peculiarities 

of,  389 
Shipwrecks  and  Adventures  at  Sea,  658 
Shrewsbury  Abbey  Oiurch,  387 
'  Archsological  Association    at, 

386 
— —  Norman  Earls  of,  387 
— ^—  Illustrated  Handbook  for,  171 

Book,  Manuscript,  388 

Shrine  of  the  Confessor,  33 
Shropshire,  dialect  of,  386 
castles  of,  388 

■  local  legends  of,  389 
Sladct  Bev,  James,  memoir  of,  674 
Slanning  Family,  history  of,  629 
Smith,  C.  B,,  Collectanea  Antiqna,  420 

-  Lieut,- Gen,  Sir  Marry  G,  W.,  me- 
moir of,  553 

Mr.  Albert,  memoir  of,  96 

S,,  After  Many  days,  183 

T,,  Steetley  Church,  308 

Somersetshire  Archetological    and  Natural 

History  Society,  502 

■  county  history  of,  502 

Songs  of  Life,  183 

Southam-house,  near  Cheltenham.  353 
Southampton,  Lord  Treasurer,  letter  of,  144 
South  Comey,  house  at,  353 

Sparkwell  Chapel  qf  All  Saints,  memorial 

windows  in,  627 
Speeches  in  Parliament,  H.  Drummond,  657 
Squaring  the  Circle,  421 


Staffordshire  CUg 

631 

Siandish,  foarteenth  caBtniy  hoiui 
Staneshy,  S.,  Birthday  Sonvenirp  € 
Stanley  Pontlargtf  lioence  to  gi«bi 

manor-house  at,  S47 
Steetley  Ckarch^  iUniMod,  308 
^—  Norman  chapel  at,  280 
Steeton-hall,  Sherhwm-im'Elwi^i,   \ 

tare  of;  78 
Stemrnaia  BoteviUiema^  467 
Stephen,  coronation  of,  IGO 
Stevington,  crosa  at,  861 
Steyne's  Qrirf,  183 
Stokesay  Castle,  licence  to  erenelli 
Stone  Church,  double-faced  braaa  i 
Stone  impUmentM,  168 
Strqfford,  Field  Marthai  lAe  JS^ 

moir  of,  89 
Stroud,  town-hall,  851 
SudeUy  CastU,  ritit  to,  282 
— — — ^  description  ol^  851 
Si{ffolJe  Institute  ^f  Archaeology  mts^ 

History,  634 
Surrey  Arehaologieal  Society,  annc 

ing  of,  154 
Surtees  Society,  meeting  o^  292 
Sussex-  Archaolegieal  Society^  me 

403,  637 
^-...._.,_  eolleGtion%  . 
Swedish  Coinage,  449 
Swinburne,  Sir  John  JSdward^  nu 

551 
Switzerland,  Ancient  Lake-Dwell 

585 
Sydney,  Sir  Philip,  fiineial  of,  229 
Syrian  Belief  Fund,  The,  872 
Table  Clock  wUh  tUver  dkU,  626 
Tablecloth,  of  1631, 687 
Tara,  Kings  rf,  nZ 
Tetbury,  The  Orange  at,  847 
Tewkesbury  Abbey  Ckmrth,  archite 

261 
ThaekweU,  LieuL^Gmu  Sir  Joi^k, 

of,  208 
Thames,  nut-eraeken  and  aeal  I 

the,  148 
— ^  street,  {Upper,)  Roman  p 

in,  626 
Thanet,  alabaster   panel-tciUptnr 

894 
Anglo-Saxon  relies  fiwad 

Mill,  533 
Theatrical  Jiidnager'e  Book,  loaf  ft 
Thebes,  Ublet  of  Tholhmes  III.  fi 

142 
TherfieU,  gold  coin  found  aL  148 
Thomas  Beeket  or  Thonuu  rf  Temdt 
Thompson,  George  Tho^  •&f-t  mci 

432 
Thornbury  Cattle,  Tisit  to^  278 

"—  description  of,  Zl 

Church,  restontfion  o^  2! 

Thorpe  Arnold,  cross  a^  861 
iSbAite,  uchitMtnn  of;  290 


u 


r 


Index  to  Essays,  8fC. 


697 


Thnle  of  the  Ancients,  403 
ThynnCf  family  of,  469 
Tickenham  Churchy  effigies  in,  505 
Tichford  Monastery,  foundation  of,  396 
Tiltey  Church,  brasses  in,  524 

-  Abbey,  Essex,  description  of,  524 
Timbs,  J.,  Curiosities  of  Science,  178 
Token  of  Joseph  Sayer,  1 43 

Tomlinson,  C,  Illustrations  of  Useful  Arts, 

178 
To7fe,  Theobald  Wolf,  commission  of,  150 
Tong  Church,  monuments  in,  388 
Torr,  St.  Michael's  chapel  at,  628 
Tortworth,  Roman  villa  at,  265 
Tradesmen's  Tokens,  631 
Treasure  Trove,  385 
order  respecting,  521 

The  Law  of,  610 

Tremadoc,  British  circle  of  stones  above, 

489 
Treienan  Court,  182 

Tweed,  //.  E.,  The  Apostles  and  the  Offer- 
tory, 656 
Tyrwhitt,  Rev.  R,  St,  /.,  Our  Public  Wor- 
ship, 174 
Upper  Powys,  Princes  of,  387 
Faience,  William  de,  tomb  of,  36 
Venice,  Runic  inscription  at,  287 
Vercelli,  Mosaic  pavement  at,  170 
Vernon,  A  dm.,  medal  of,  398 
Verulamium,  Roman  fibula  found  at,  617 
Vespasian,  bronze  coin  of,  631 
Vieux,  inscription  found  at,  248 
Visitation  of  Arms  in  the  University  and 

Town  of  Cambridge,  407 
Volunteer  Review,  40 
Volunteers  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  229 
Walcot,  Sir  Thomas,  query  respecting,  110 

family  of,  334 

WaUere^s,  King,  Lay,  fragments  of,  1 19 
IFales,  incised  stones  in,  497 
Waltham  Abbey,  lecture  on,  45 

■ Church,  restoration  of,  147 

Walton  Castle,  architecture  of,  506 
Walwick  Grange,  old  chest  at,  402 
Wangen,  pottery  from,  592 
Wanswell  Court,  visit  to,  278 

• description  of,  347 

Wanton,  William  le,  licence  to  fortify  his 

chamber  at  Crumhale,  344 
Ward,  Sir  Henry  George,  memoir  of,  432 
Warden,     Northumberland,    early    monu- 
ment at,  402 
Sheppey,  landslip  at,  244 

Church,  partly  rebuilt  with  stone 

from  Old  London  Bridge,  244 

Warton,  O.  and  P,,  The  Queens  of  So- 
ciety, 181 

Wnterford,  Roman  Catholics  of,  398 

Waxc handlers'  Company,  charter  and  plate 
of,  255 

Wayboume  Church,  Norfolk,  66 

Wenlock  Abbey,  ruins  of,  387 

Westham  Church,  {Sussex,)  403 

Westminster  Abbey,  Gleanings  from,  ZZ 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  CCIX, 


Westminster  Fabric  Roll,  293 
Weston-in-Gordano,  Church  of,  506 
WestweU  Church,  chancel  of,  336 
Whewell,  Dr.,  Platonic  Dialogues,  173 
Whichcord,  John,  Esq.,  memoir  of,  203 
White*s  Photographic  Handbook  to  Work- 

sop,  <^c.,  308 
Whitenhurst,  Earl  of  Hereford  licensed  to 

fortify  his  house  at,  344 
Whitfield  in  Scotland,  368 
Whittington,  Richard,  History  of,  261 
Whitwell  Church,  tomb  at,  289 
Wight,  Isle  of,  French  Invasions,  440 

■         Proposed  Fortifications,  456 

Wilkins,   Rev.    /.   M.,   The  Worship    of 

Christ's  Church,  82 
Wilkinson,  Mr.,  iron  mines  of,  471 
Willis,   Professor,    lecture    by,   at    Cam- 
bridge, 52 
. at    Glou- 
cester, 270 
Wilson,  Horace  Hayman,  Esq.,  memoir  of, 
196 

Rt.  Hon.  James,  memoir  of,  432 

Winchcombe,  Abbey,  licence  to  fortify,  344 
Winchester,  circular  fibula  found  at,  144 
Winchilsea,  Earl  of.  Poem  of  the  Book  of 

Job,  419 
Wire,  Mr.  Aid.  D.  W.,  memoir  of,  679 
Wolfe,  A.,  Hymns  for  Public  Worship, 

656 
Woodbridge  Church,  description  of,  635 
Woodford,  Rev.  J.  JR.,  The  Opened  Door, 

82 
Worcester  Archaological  Club,  157 

■     Bishop  of,  memoir  of,  674 
Guesten-hall  at,  42,  64,  139, 


145,  395 


subscription  for  the  restoration 


of  the  Guesten-hall  at,  142 
Roman  relics  at,  159 


Worcestershire,  Celtic  and  Roman  remains 

in,  157 
Works  of  the  Romano- Gaulish  Ceramist$, 

602 
Worksop    Priory     Church,    photographic 

illustrations  of,  308 
Worle-hill,  encampment  on,  504 

flint  knives  found  on,  505 

Wortabet,  Rev,  J.,  Researches  into  the  Re- 
ligions of  Syria,  655 
Wraxhall,  (North,)  Roman   villa  disco- 
vered at,  157 
Wren,  Dr.  Christopher,  birth  of,  614 
Wright,  T.,  Esq.,  Political    Poems    and 

Songs,  130 
Wrington  Church,  architecture  of,  509 
Wroxeter,  antiquities  from,  144 

excavations  at,  284 

-^—  Church,  monuments  at,  390 
— — —  tesselated  pavements  at,  390 
'  description  of  its  antiquities, 

891 
WyUngton,  Henry  of,  licence  to  fortifjr  hit 
house  at  Culverden,  834 

4o 


Index  to  2fame». 


Vale,  remiln*  of  the  galehon«e»t,  843 
Yallen  Chareh,  arohiteeturB  of,  S09 
York,  Roman  well  «1,  2ti2 

iiucription  found  »i  the  Mount,  ne»r, 

S20 

sepulchral  itone  dipicovered  at,  B20 

Yorliihire,  Du([dBle'»  Visitation  of,  28 
Extinct  Baronetciea  of,  32 


Tarkiliirt,  Litenrj'  Han  of,  M 

Noblo  Familica  of.  SI 

PUlaiophie^  SoeUly,  S 

Tang/ial,  inedilHl  token!  of,  ISO 
Young,    Jamtt   fvrbn,    Btq.,  me 

320 
Zirich,  implnnenti  fbnad  in  Ilia 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Including  Birlht,  Marriagea,  and  DeaHu.—Tit  longer  artiaUt  t^Deati 
entered  in  the  preeading  Index  lo  SMiagt,  ^v. 


Abbott,  P.M.  313; 

S.  S.  189 
Abel],  C.  88 
Aberdein,  R.H.330 
Acton,  E.  Ml 
Adair.   A.   W.    87  i 

Capt.  W.  87 
Adainx,  A.  M.  lOG; 

C.  317,427iMr«. 

G.  E.SISi  R.E. 

SS6:    S.   C.  429; 

T.  C.  602 
Addington,       lion. 

Mm.  W.W.  83 
Addis,  E.  326 
Addison,  Dr.T.  215; 

S.  1).  188 
Adeane,  U.J.  U 
Adney,  R.  L.  100 ; 

W.  100 
Adye,    Mr..  W.  L. 

euo 

Affleck,  Lad^,  312 
Agar,  C.  tiSl 
Ager.  Mr..  W.  6fiO 
A|;1en,  M.  A.  180 
Agnew,  Mrs.  R.  V. 
600 


Aird,  J.  426 
Aia)ia-Mah3[ned,323 
Aked,  R.  188  ■ 
Aker«,  M.  E.  S*S 
Albemarle,  F.  C'lc». 

of,  427 
Alder,   Mrs.    II.   B. 

544 
Aldetlon,  A.  189 
Aleiandet,  F.  C.  H. 

218;  T.  54C;  W. 

BSO 
AUbrd,  A.  O.  SM 


Alicock,  C.  328 
Allen,    A.   187;    F. 

A.  330  I  H.  6S4; 

H.  A.  86 
Alleyne,     Ladj    R. 

lOS 
Alliiusen,  E.  648 
AUnult,  H.  212 
Almond,  S.  E.  87 
Alphonie,   Mrs.   C. 

J.  St.  424 
Aliop,  J.  103 
Alward,  A.  M.  86 
Atnhurat.  F.  M.  S49 
Amies,  E.  680 
Am  ti  lick.    Col.    E. 


A.  42j;    W.   R. 

B6 
Atcher,  C.  S47 1  B. 

S.  428 
Arent,  H.  S47 
Ark  V  right,        Man. 

Mrs.0.e43,Mr«. 

a,  w. 600 

Armit^e,  O.  421 1 

J.  439;  W.J.426 

Armilrong,  C.  684 

Annylage,  C«pt  W. 

427 


443 


.ni,  M.  de, 


Anderson,  A.  106-, 

C.   K.  S4S:  Col. 

H.   681:    D.   M. 

Still   K.  A.  603; 

S.  316:  T.  321 
Andlau,  Geo.  Count 

F.  de,  324 
Andrew,  Mrs.  J.  C. 

659;  T.  212 
Andrcwes,    C.    O. 

427  ;  M.  A.  86 
Aadrewi,  M.  A.  106 
Anga.%  E.  380 
Anneiley,  A.  M.  F. 

540  i  Hon.  W.  B. 

84 
Annisnn,  A.  32S 
Anstis,  B.  105 
Anstrulher,  L.  187 
Aniiobus,   C.   B47; 

Mrs.  L.  84 
Antniis,  M.  A.  663 
Aplin,  Capt.  B.  566 
Applewhaite,  H.  C. 


Aniotl,  J.  881  i  S. 

86 
Arras,  Mad.  De,  18C 
Ashburton.  RL  Hod. 

Lady,  184 
Ashby,  J.  98 
Aihcroft,  M.  439 
Ashworth,  R.  A.  £. 


314 


87 
Aitley,    Hon.  Hii, 

D.  (24;  lin.  ¥. 

L'E.  1B< 
Atchiaon,  L.  083 
AtkinMD,E.M.441| 

Hon.  Mn.  J.  A. 

83iJ.F.87;Mn. 

M.  103  ;  Mrs.  K. 

185 ;  W.  ISB 
Attwood,  C.A.6SS 
Aubi7-Bail]«Dl,Ri,- 

Adm.  102 
Austen,  C.  97 
Austin,  E.  W.6S3; 

M».S3 
Atcij,  J.  lOS 


Back,  A.  i 
Backer,  C. 
Backhmue 
Bacon,  E.  1 
H.  F.  & 

B.  E.  M 
Badd*.  A. 
Bad  ham,  I 
BagnalL,  C 
Ba^t,  Mt 

l*S,  U: 
Bijtahawe, 

H.  O.  83 
Bailer.  A. 

C.  L.  S 
C.  548 
43»i  ti 
W.  B.BI 

Baillie,  E.  J 
T.  680 

Baily.  Un 

BaioM,  E. 
T.  B.S4 

Baird,  D.  . 

Bak>.  A. 
187 


U.   A.  " 

Mn.  J. 


BaldiT.lli 

BUfKf.U 


Indes  to  Names.  699 

Ball,  R  J.  188;  R.  Bates,  H.  326  Berwick  and  Alba,  B1athwaj^t,O.C.559 

681  Battenshaw,  J.  443  Duchess  of,  561  Bleazard,  M.  K.  426 

Bamfield,  M.  C.  546  Battersby,  C.  H.  85  Bethune,  J.  J.   M.  Blews,  W.  H.    M. 

Bankes,  Hon.  Mrf.  Batty,  R.  B.  315  317;  Mrs.  G.  C.        314 

N.  83  Battye,  W.  85  84  Bligh,  Mrs.  O.  W. 

Banks,  E.  R.  427;  Baugh,  G.  103  Bevan,   C.  M.  85;        312 

H.  R.  325  Baum,  R  B.  547  £.  323 ;  Mrs.  R.  Blight,   Rear-Adm. 

Bannatyne,    G.    A.  Baumgarten,     Mrs.  C.  L.  543                      W.  547 

439  E.  P.  83  Bey,  S.  104  Blozam,  Mrs.  R.  88 

Bannerman,  Sir  A.  Baxter,  W.  T.  105  Bickersta£^  Lt-Col.  Bluett,  W.  J.  G.  425 

546  Bayard,  R  102  188  Blandell,Miy.-Gen. 

Barbar,  L.  J.  105  Bay  ley,  A.  M.  546;  Bickford,  Comm.  J.         F.  323 

Barberie,  J.  N.  685  C.  441;    W.    B.  E.  662  Blunt,  Mrs.   C.  H. 

Barclay,  A.  C.  213 ;  103  Bickham,  £.  106             184;  Mrs.  H.  659 

Mrs.  H.  D.  313  ;  Bayly,  Mrs.  £.  184  Biddell,  A.  102  Boates,  C.  106 

Mrs.  J.  423  Baynes,  A.  210  Bidder,  G.  P.  87  Boccomini,  P.  827 

Bardwell,  F.  663  Baynton,  E.  A.  425  Biddle,  M.  W.  187 ;  Boden,  C.  686 

Balfour,  G.  C.  325  Bayntun,  C.  664  T.  R.  188  Bogedaisi,  Mgr.,  Bp. 

Baring,  Lt.-CoI.  C.  Beale,  Mrs.  U.  Y.  Biddulph,C.M.817        of  Hebron,  680 

426  543  Bidgood,  S.  212  Boileau,   F.  G.  M. 

Barker,  Capt.C.  103;  Beales,  C.  214  Bidwell,  Mrs.  103            317 

H.  443 ;  J.  683 ;  Beardmore,  J.  106  Biggs,  H.  L.  428 ;  Bolton,     Miy.-Gen. 

Mrs.  T.  424;  R.  Beattie,  Mrs.  H.  83  J.  A.  M.  315                 D.  211 

L.  664;  S.442  Beaujeu,  Marq.  Q.  Bignold,  T.  F.  185  Bompas,  G.  C.  189 

Barlow,  A.  425;  L.  441  Bilke,  C.  J.  427  Bonaparte,  J.  106 

683  ;  R.  W.  88  Beaulaincourt,     M.  Bill,  F.  E.  663  Bond,  Capt.  H.  W. 

Barnard,  Mrs.  312  de,  330  Billing,  £.  N.  661           546 

Barnekow,      Baron  Beavan,  J.  G.  549  Bingham,  J.    442 ;  Bonham,  A.  B.  818 ; 

von,  88  Bechely,  1. 210  L.  681                          S.  E.  214 

Barnes,  A.  548  Beck,  C.  C.  429  Bingtey,  A.  666  Bonnefond,  M.  215 

Bamicott,  E.  317  ;  Beckwith,  Mrs.  E.  Biunington,  W.  106  Bonning,  S.  A.  215 

S.J.  317  L.  84      '  Binns,E.  216  Boodle,  H.  T.  429 

Bamley,  T.  682  Bedingfeld,  S.  8.426  Birch,  A.  F.  425  Booker,  F.  188  ;  M. 

Barrett,  G.  H.  560 ;  Bedwell,  P.  F.  822  Birchall,  A.  S.  188 ;         A.  817 

H.  88  :   J.  210;  Beebe,  L.  189  S.  426  Booth,  G.  N.  686 

Mrs.  O.  M.  184 ;  Beechey,  C.  0. 189  Birds,  W.  T.  97  Boothby,  C.  210 

R  B.  88  Beeching,  A.  T.  429  Birks,  J.  216  Borlase,  Mrs.  W.  312 

Barrow,  E.  M.  661 ;  Beevor,  A.  B.  214 ;  Biscoe,  F.  A.  87  Borton,  A.  681 

Mrs.  M.  A.  105  E.  438  Bishop,  £.  663  ;  H.  Bosvil^  Mrs.  T.  B. 

Barry,  G.  325 ;  G.  Begbie,  A.  212  H.  85 ;  L.  E.  188        88 

W.  548 ;  I.  426  Beley,  Mrs.  C.  A.  E.  Bissett,  Mrs.  G.  £•  Boswell,  R.  B.  97 

Barstow,  C.  M.  185  84  L.  818  Bottomley,  S.  682 

Barthorp,  M.  G.661  Bell,  E.  H.  682;  J.  Blaaaw,  E.  H.  663  Boulasao,  F.  O.  de 

Bartleet,  W.  G.  188  H.  437  Blackburn,  A.  329          F.  de,  828 

Bartlett,  J.  B.  86;  Bellew,  F.  428  Blackbume,  J.  L425  Boult,  T.'99 

J.  M.  189  Belper,  Lady,  318  Blackden,  P.  M.  814  Boaltbee,  J.  M.  102 

Bartlitt,  G.  218  Belt,  E.  830  Blacker,  K.  G.  £.  Bound,  W.  56S 

Barton,  H.  684 ;  J.  Benallack,  J.  F.  440  545  Bonrehier,  Mn.  £. 

218  Benbow,  M.  A.  428  Blackmore^    E.    F.        F.  428 

Bartrop,  M.  104  Bengough,G.H.545  817  Boorlon,  M.  R.  443 

Bartrum,  J.  P.  559 ;  Bennett,  J.  H.  1 86 ;  Blaokner,  L.  B.  830  Boutcher,  £.  489 

M.  187  Mrs.  C.  J.  184;  Blackvell,  J.  429;  BontteH,  W.  680 

Bashford,  C.  B.  88  W.  446  W.  B.  830  Bouvet,  Bear-Adm. 

Baskerville,  Mrs.  C.  Benson,  J.  438 ;  R.  Blagden,  W.  A.  446        215 

G.  659  A.  425  Blair,  J.  443 ;  Lady  BotiU,  Mn.  W.  184 

Baskett,  F.  A.  661  Bensted,  T.  B.  545  H.  428 ;    M.  R.  Bowden,  M.  A.  M5 

Basnett,  E.  560 ;  L.  Bentley,  Mrs.  S.424;  663  Bowen,  J.  218 

W.  330  P.  A.  428  Blake,  C.  B.  87 1  G.  Bower,  Mn.  R.  H. 

Bassett,  P.  326  Ben  veil,  H.  P.  662  L.  549  ;  M.  M5  ;        818 

Bastard,  Mrs.  W.  P.  Berens,  R.  B.  88  Sir  F.  44^  Bowie,  A.  S.  88 ;  C. 

424  Beresford,  M.  D.  de  Blakiston,  H.  M.  187        M.  681 

Batcheler,  A.  105  la  P.  445  Bland,  M.  825  ;  T.  Bowlby,     £.    210; 

Bate,  H.  545  Berge,  M.  de  la,  215  D.  186                          Mrs.  84 

Bateman,  G.  F.  C.  Beridge,  J.  P.  830  Blane,  C.  E.  426  Bewle,  C.  O.  563 

105  Berry,  H.  M.  £.  187  Bl«ishiid,C.M.815  Bowman,  R.  H.  44ft 


Index  lo  Namet. 


Bowneii.    C.   31S) 

Bnnkhaidl,  Xn  F. 

M.  IS6 

R.313 

H.  S3 

sts 

Bowrins,  Sii  J.  663 

Bnrchart,  M.  446 

Ckinm,  H.  SIS 

Bowyer,  Sir  G.  31S 
Boja.  Sir  W.  6(12 
Boy«,  W.  316 

K.  E.  215 

Burchell,  J.  H.  68fi 

CunplMll.     A. 

Brown,  A.  6S2;  D. 

BurdoD,  F.  S.  G6S 

lST;CoLG. 

314j   O.  85i  H. 

Burgeu,    Mm.    G. 

H.     429: 

Boym.n.  E.  425 
Boyiiton,  S.  C.  684 

105;  J.  E.    664; 

18S 

Mra.  H.  311 

Mrs.  D.  313;  W. 

Burgh.  C.G.H.d., 

329,563:  Li 

B™ddoi,.j.c.«r 

M.  103 

8S 

Col.  J.  189; 

Bri^l«y,     Mr>.     S. 

Browne,     E.     324, 

Burgherab,      Lord, 

64B,  <SI:  U 

43S;  W.  H.5i9 

683ir.adyE.100i 

327 

187:  W.S35 

BMdshaw,     F.     G. 

F.    659;    H.    A. 

Bnrgoyne,    E.    Q. 

W.  IBS 

329j  M.  A.BS 

545 ;  Hon.  J.  H. 

426 

Cunpion,  H.  M 

Br^inton,  Mrs.  W. 

M.  105;   Hon.  J. 

Bu[n,C.8fl,  O.A. 

Cmndler,  E.  S4i 

I).  185 

L.  444;  J.  315) 

661 

C>ne,T.  C.  681 

Braiihwsite,   R.  C. 

Lieut.-Col.  S.  J. 

Bnmard,  C.  M.  85 

Cann.  S.  E.  68i 

31S 

86 ;    Mrs.  W.  B. 

Burnett,  J.  318 1  M. 

Cappel,  Mi*.  L 

Bramley,  R-  443 

312     ' 

J.  H.  446 

Capreol.    U.  i 

Brumseombe.E.lOfi 

Browning,  D.C.  437 

Burrtll,  A.  S.  188 

684 

Br.mwell,  E.3I8 

Bcownion,  E.  446 

Barrow,  E.  106;  W. 

Cardew,  L.  IB7 

Brand,  J.  A.  328 

Brown-We>(he>d,T. 

T.  H.  666 

M.  SIS 

Bnndimg,  Mni  84 

C.429 

Burrow.,    Hra.    A. 

Ca«w,  C.  W. 

Br»ndrara,  S.  105 

Bri.ce,     L.    E.    M. 

424 

B.  H.  663; 

Braaher,  E.  A.  325 

662;    M.    A.    P. 

Burt,  W.  lot 

215  1    L«dj, 

Bisis,  H.  427 

189;  Mr..  H.  A. 

Burton,  E.  817 1  R. 

W.  186       ' 

Briund,  E.  S.  fi4S 

84  ;  S.  C.  429 

J.  85 

Carew-Gibwn, 

Stay,  C«pL  E.  W, 

Bruere,  H.  218 

Bary,   J.  C.   604; 

444 

87 

BrulWn,  H.  326 

VWtea*,  659 

Cany,  F.  J.  31i 

Sieeit,  C.  8.  317 

Bryan,  H.  C.  C.  646 

Buifeild,  E.  66) 

Carfrae,  Oen.  4 

Brenchley,     T.    H. 

Bryant,  E.  J.  663 

Buih,  H.  L.  M«, 

Carrill.  W.  6W 
Cirlyon.  C.pt. 

429,  545,  S60 

Buchanan,  G.  425; 

Mn.  M.  F.  SII 

Brewer,  M.  647 

U.425 

Biuhbr,  L.  561 

Camiichael.    J 

BrewertoD,    M.  M. 

Buckingham,  E.  H. 

BuUber,  E.  H.  187 

211:  Un.]] 

105 

563 

Bullet,  C.E.K.  88; 

C^negi,.    Lad, 

Brewin,  R.  328 

Buekland,     E.      0. 

Hon.J.  F.  185 

88 :  Ladr,  11 

BrewBler,  B.  316 

647;    J.  L.  213; 

Butt,  G.  M.  685 

C»rp.i.tet.    A. 

Bri^tlingliBm,  T.  C. 

M.  A.  S.  189  ;  S. 

Butlerfldd.  A.  6S0 

661  :     Hh.- 

562 

647 

Bn(ter«orth,H.e89; 

T.  D.  681 

Brice,  E.  85 

Buckle,  Mrt  318 

M.  J.  S4S 

Cut.  I.  488:  1 

Bridge,  T.  G.  561 

Buckley.  Mm.  J.  84 

Bultler.   Cape.   W, 

£48 1  W.66I 

BHdger,      A.     424; 

Bucknall,  W.  210 

H.  A.  545 

Crringtw^    F 

Mr..  C.  312 

Budd,    H.    S.    187; 

Byaia,  M.  F.  104 1 

S27 

Bridges,  M.  99 

Mra.  E.  184 

Mn.  681 

Crroll.  T.  W.  i 

Brigg»,    M™.   185  i 

Bylei,  H.  N.  681 

Car.,  Count  d« 

N.  W.  A.  545 

186 

Byne,  L.  H.  88 

Carter,   H.  M. 

Bright,  Mra.  B.  644 

Buiic,  Dr.  680 

Byng,     Vice-Adm. 

J.   186;   B. 

Britco,  A.  102 

Bull,  H.E.M.86; 

Hon.  H.  D.  603 

T.  A.  664 

Brotk,  M.  3 18 

Mrs.  G.  543;  S. 

Byrne,  J.  546 

Carthew.  P.  87 

Brocklchudi,  M.  A. 

W.  680 

Cade,  J.  441 

217;  J.  A.* 

316 

BuUer.  C.  104j  M. 

Ceur,  Mn.  J.  SIS 

CaHwrigbl,    X 

A.    212;     M»j.- 

Cahaigna,  M.  J.  101 

«86;'l3,^ 

Bradit,  A.  C.  189i 

G™.  F.  T.    106; 

Cahlmaan,  ChcT.  8. 

Mn.  J.  R.  «3 

Mra.  A.  0.  669  ; 

Mr..  W.  E.  312 

329 

Caroa  -  WUtca, 

Mr>.  F.  184 

BuiJock,  G.T.  429; 

CaUDtr,  E.  H.  681 

679 

Brodrick,  H.  C.  31T 

J.    663;    W.   J. 

Catdecolt,  Lieat.  B. 

Carwilha,.,  L  t 

Broke,  H.  87  ;  Ll.- 

211 

J.  445  I  tin.  188 

Carj,  W.  663 

Gen.  G.  442 

Bulmer,  E.  A.323i 

Calder.™,  327 

Caa.,  U.  I.  6SS 

BromleT,  M.  314 

M.    318;    R.  P. 

Caley,  Mr*.  D.  42S 

Caaer.  M.  J.  » 
C*atlcl>.6M; 

Biook,  S.  A.  211 

CaUuider,  J.  A.  B. 

Brookes,  P.  E.  427 

BuUeel,  G.  F.  189 

86 

424;  N.  686 

Brooki,     C.     661 ; 

Bunbury,  M.  84 

Calleadw,  H.  427 

Caitlay.  T.  VI 

Mr..  H.  312 

Bundock,   Mr..    A. 

Caller,  Mri  H.  3IS 

Cal»r.  S.  ses 

firouckere,M.C.de, 

F.  83 :  Mr..  561 

Ckl.ert,  R.  566 

Cattl,,  E.  J.  81 

98 

Bunny,  Mr..  A.  184 

Cam,  3.  E.  565 

CattlBy.  J.  H,  . 

Brough,  R.  B.  214 

Came,  A.  318 

Hi^V.SW 

Index  to  Names. 


701 


Cator,    B.   P.  548; 

J.  T. 549 
Causton,  A.  T.  444 
Cautley,  H.  547 
Cavan,  S.  318 
Cave,    Mrs.    A.   B. 

544 
Cave-Brown,     Mrs. 

J.  660 
Cave  -  Brown  -  Cave, 

R.  210 
Cawdor,  Earl  of,  684 
Cayley,  G.  J.  428 
Cazenove,  E.  441 
Cecil,  H.547;  Lady 

R.  184;  Lord  E. 

G.  429 
Chadwick,     E.    W. 

328;    J.  S.  444; 

R.  A.  424 
Chaffers,  T.  97 
Challis,     E.     684 ; 

J.  L.  87 
Chalmers,  Lt.-Gen. 

Sir  W.  104 
Chalon,  A.  E.  564 
Chamberlain,  J.  G. 

662 
Chamberlayne,     L. 

216 
Chambers,  Capt.  W. 

W.    105;    E.    C. 

685;  R.664;  W. 

97 
Champney,  G.  440 
Chancellor,  A.  544; 

J.  H.  213 
Chandoir,    E.    Ba- 
roness de,  101 
Chaplin,  I.  546 
Chapman,      A.     E. 

443  ;   H.  C.  663  ; 

Mrs.    84;    S.   A. 

106 
Charlton,  Mrs.  J.  A. 

659 
Charsley,  W.  H.  88 
Charteris,  Lady  M. 

423 
Chase,  Mrs.  H.  M. 

543 
Chater,  Mrs.  H.  83 
Chalfield,Mrs.C.H. 

543 
Chatterton,  S.  445 
Cheek,  Mrs.  O.  99 
Chermside,    Sir   R. 

A.  445 
Chervannes,  M.  323 
Chesterman,  H.  B. 

314 
Chetwynd,       Lady, 

105 
Chichester,    F.    97, 

189 


Chittenden,       Mrs. 

C.  G.  659 
Cholmeley,  H.  439 
Cholmondeley,     H. 

V.  189 
Christie,  J.  548  ;  J. 

F.  559 
ChurchiU,     M.    A. 

564 
Churton,     J.     106 ; 

M.  85 
Clabon,  C.  B.  317 
Clare,  E.  548 
Clark,   A.   314;    E. 

565;  G.  0*317; 

T.  318;  W.  101, 

321;  W.  H.  186 
Clarke,  B.  548 ;  H. 

317;  J.  86,  549; 

M.  A.  683  ;  Mrs. 

L.  S. 659 
Clay,  T.  S.  87 
Claypole,  A.  316 
Clayton,  E.  C   314 
Cleaver,  F.  J.  546 
Clement,  M.  H.  330 
Clements,    Mrs.   C. 

F.  84 
Clephaue,  Mrs.  84 
Cleveland,  H.  661 
Clifford,   Hon.  Mrs. 

H.  185;  J.  566; 

Lady,  313;  Miss 

M.  185;  R.  546 
Clifton,  J.  188 
Clipperton,  Mrs.  424 
Close,    E.   C.    100; 

I.  189;    Mrs.  F. 

A.  313 
Clough,     C.     102; 

Miss  B.  566 
Clutterbuck,  E.  L. 

312;  J.  100 {Mrs. 

H.  184 
Clutton,  T.  686 
Coaker,  J.  105 
Coaks,  S.  99 
Coare,  W.  446 
Cobb,   Mrs.  W.   F. 

185;  T.  E.  189; 

W.  P.  661 
Cobbold,    E.    559; 

H.  C.  85 
Cochrane,  Hon.  Mrs. 

W.  E.  682  ;  Mrs. 

B.  312;  A.E.  S. 
564 

Cockbum,  Mrs.  84 
Cockerell,  H.  S.  425 
Codrington,  J.  560 
Coke,  J.  215  ;  Mrs. 

W.  S.  83 
Colbatch,  J.  562 
Colbourne,  Mrs.  J« 

313 


Coldham,  L.  H.  314 
Cole,    F.    T.    324; 

G.  C.    86;    Mrs. 

H.  D.  84 
Colebrooke,     Lieut. 

J.  R.A.98;  S.J. 

214 
Coleman,  M.  C.  330 
Coleridge,     A.     D. 

318 
CoUard,  E.  87 
Collett,  E.  C.  428  ; 

T.  428 
Collier,  Mrs.  J.  F. 

660 
Colling,Capt.  J.  101 
CoUingwood,   S.  E. 

317 
Collins,  E.   85;   J. 

188;  M.W.  662; 

W.  188 
Collinson,   L.   428; 

Lieut.  T.  B.  97 
Collison,  E.  426 
Collyns,  C.  H.  186 
Colmore,    Mrs.    T. 

659 
Colston,  M.  561 
Colvile,  M.  E.  85 
Colville,  E.  S.  317 
Combe,  E.  5QQ 
Comins,  A.  187 
Compton,  Mrs.  329 
Condon,  J.  87 
Conyers,  Lord,  318 
Coode,  C.  P.  562 
Cook,  S.  A.  425 
Cooke,   C.   85;    E. 

426 ;  F.  97 
Cookson,    C.    314; 

Mrs.    812;    Mrs. 

W.  185 
Cooper,  C.  A.  662; 

Col.  J.   327;    E. 

86;      Mrs.     312, 

660  ;  M.  F.  323 ; 

W.  D.  C.  330 
Coote,  C.  T.  685 
Copland,    Mrs.    P. 

660 
Cornish,  A.  A.  559  ; 

D.  87 
Cornwall,    J.    683 ; 

S.  218 
Comwallls,  Hon.  C. 

663 
Corrance,  I.  A.  425 
Corrie,  £.  426 
Corsellis,  Mrs.  A.  A. 

544 
Corser,  G.  441 
Coster,  A.  547;  F. 

M.  684 
CoBwav,  £.  C.  187 ; 

W.  H.  85 


Cottell,  Capt.  J.  W. 

566 
Cotton,  A.  102;   J. 

218 
Cottrell,  G.  A.  564 
Courage,  E.  549 
Courtenay,  H.  562 
Coventry,  M.  F.  D. 

86;  St.  J.  546 
Cowell,  C.  664 
CowsUde,  M.  F.  D. 

547 
Cox,  F.  M.  561 ;  H. 

P.  211 ;  J.  S.  425; 

Lieut    R    J.    L. 

680;  Mrs.  D.  101; 

Mrs.  J.  M.  659; 

S.  566 
Coyle,  J.  324  ' 
Crabb,  W.  J.  188 
Cradock^    H.    318, 

427    • 
Crane,  S.  563 
Craster,  F.  I.  213 
Craven,  Dow.  C'tess 

of,  442;  L.  546; 

Mrs.    C.    A.    A. 

423 
Crawford,LM.439; 

Lieut.-CoL  J.  H. 

G.  98;    R.  442; 

W.  315 
Crawley,  S.  J.  428, 

545 
Creagh,  Sir  M.  446 
Creasy,  Lady,  659 
Crelin,  M.  548 
Cresswell,  £.  441 
Creswick,    Mrs.    J. 

544 
Crewe,  R.  G.  218 
Creyke,  Mrs.  424 
Cridland,    Mrs.    J. 

185 
Crigan,  M.  425 
Cripps,  Mrs.  J.  M. 

313 
Critchlcy,  Mrs.  W. 

R.659 
Croft,  Mrs.  P.  660; 

R.  M.  215 
Crompton,T.G.427 
Crooke,  C.  H.  425 ; 

D.  P.  187 
Crosbie,  Sir  W.  E. 

564 
Cross,   F.  316;    L. 

C.   L.    817;    M. 

84 ;  W.  487 
Crosse,  Mrs.  £.  W. 

660 
Crossfield,  A.  189 
Crowther,J.  A.188; 

P.  W.  428 
Cronden,  £.  546^ 


ladof  to  Namet. 


n 


i 


CruMwell.     C.     H. 

Diubeny.  G.  W.  8? 

Dnre,  J.  B.  C59 

6S3,    G.  A.  W. 

Diubui,  W.  686 

Dewear,  E.  317 

085 

Dauwj,  M.  4*4 

DtwinB.  C.  O.  187 

Cullen,  E.M.  SM; 

Davenport^ra.  83 

Dickena,  A.  L.  »36 

M.  42S 

DaTcy,  J.  a  106 

Diokerton,  K.  186 

Culverwell,    L.    A. 

Davirt>on,H.I.R.3. 

Dickinaon,  H.  S15  i 

5*7 

660:   J.  A.  649) 

W.*2B 

R.  446 

Diektoii,  A.W.  329 

Col.  C.  fiSO 

Davie,  M.  A.  106. 

Dighy.  J.  M.  118; 

Cuniinmp,  J.  J.  429 

212 

Mt..J.D.W.*M 

Cm.d.ll.L.  D.  314 

Daviea,  C.   C.  O'C. 

Diilwyn,  H.    dfl   la 

CuulifTe,  Mrs.  424 

85  i  M.  559j  Mra. 

B.36 

Cuprage,Mr..J.M. 

J.  L.  184 

Dimrfale,  Mr*  R. 

IB*" 

Davia,   C.   H.  439: 

185;  W.68* 

CurgenTeti.     J.     B. 

E.  fi*9j    J.  215, 

Dingle,  J.  K.  329 

sw 

329 

Diion,  A.  428 ;  a 

Currty,  Mn.  F.  83 

Divison.  G.  E.  W. 

189;  F.  D.  316; 

Currie,  Mn.   H.  G. 

65ti,  -.66 

6.445;  R.428I 

*24 

Da.y,  lU  316 

W.  F.Slfi 

Ciirrv,Mr>.D.543i 

Dawe,  J.  106 

Debbie,  I.  5*8 

P,  W.  (i62 

Dawn,  W.  J.  MeQ. 

Dodd,  T.  682 

CurtdfcF.W.  B*8( 

*26 

Dodgaon,  A.  316 

M.  318 

Dawaon.    H.     *26j 

DDd),J.  86 

Curtis,  J.  323  J   J. 

II.    K.    fi46;     J. 

Dodwell.  G.  817 

E.  S63 

188,*27iM.18»; 

Don,enichelli.R.lB7 

Curnen,  H.  681 

R.21Si  S.I04 

DoratiHe,SirW.10l 

Cu*t.    K.    I.   fi63i 

Day,  C.  E.  4*0 

Docaldwn,  J.  10*( 

LieuL-Col.   Hon. 

Dean,  J.  561 

T.6*5 

P.  427 

Decamp.,  M.  A.  G. 

Donegal),  Marohio. 

distance.  F.  442 

4*0 

••«.  of.  446 

Culhbert,    A.    S4&i 

Decaieg,  Duke,  682 

Dorn>ec,  Ura.  C.  C. 

M.  C.  428 

DeciM,  Lord,  31S 

83 

Cutwort.  C.  J.  425 

De   Laaelle,   G.  F. 

Domrord.  Hn.  544 

Curzon,  Hon.   Mri. 

M.  685 

Daugtii,F.  M.  86; 

H.    fi43i      Hon. 

DeLiale,  A.  T.  85; 

J.  684 1  Lady  O. 

Mrs.  6&0 

Mr..  R.  V.  060 

J.  S48;   Mr*  P. 

D>bb>,J.439:S.A. 

Dclmc,  M.  106 

U. 659;  N.  66* 

410 

Delme-Radelillfc,  S. 

Dowdeawell,  M.  BB5 

Dade,  T.  670 

W.  086 

Dooding.A.  566 

Dakers,  C.  102 

Denip.y.  C.  56* 

Dowker,  H.  A.  428 

I>^e,  J.  137 

Deudy,  B.  S,  *29 

Downe,  J.L.H.5f8 

Dallcn,  D.  I?0 

Dei.iton.  Hon.  Hra. 

Downe.,     C.     444, 

Ualley,  W.  C.Sie 

W.  B.  ,112 

664;      Rl     Hon. 

Dalton,  W.  £64 

Denjoy,  M.  *4* 

Lady,  566 

Daly,  C.  187  ;  Mrs. 

Deniii.,  K.  G.  S28 ; 

Downing,  Mr*  S.  P. 

83 

U.  A.  84;  M.  106; 

18* 

Dally.  MrtS.  185 

U.  31* 

Dowion.  A.  214 

Damcr.    Hon.  Mn. 

D*nt,    C.    A.   316; 

Doiat,  C.  317 

S.  D.  312 

Mr..  J.  D.  313 

Dneger,  B,  440 

Dampier.  M.  E.  87 

Derine,  0.  680 

Drake,  Capt.  W.  E. 

Daiibv,  E.  P.  411 

De.a[iKe>,SirF.4*8 

212;  C.  D.  814; 

Dance,  C.  86 

Deacarrieren,      Gen. 

H.  4*6 

Dane.  Lieut.  J.  1*5 

F.440 

Drane,  W.  547 

Descliene^  Adin.  P. 

Druee,  S.  324 

423 

211 

Urummmd,      Hon. 

Daiiictl,  C.  J.  318; 

Deslais,  M.  99 

Mr*  U.  184 

W.  326 

De  Sola.  D.  A.  683 

Dryidale,  S.  439 

DanTcri,  F.  C.  661 

Dettmar,  E.  E.  86 

Du  Boulaj,  Mr*  ?. 

Darke,  E.  217 

Devas,  T.  684 

H.312 

Darley,  H.  ]).  562 

Ueveni.li,C.W.5** 

Dnckwortfa,     Lady, 

Darling,  II.  562 

De.««ux,  Hem.  H. 

Darwin,  M.  S.  fi4i 

de  B.  S47 

Dudding.  C.  87 

D»h»oad,       Hon. 

Devey,  Mr*  C.  H. 

Dudgeon,  CoL  F.H 

Mrs.  G.  83;    J. 

185 

E.  915 

DeviolaJne.  M.  4*5 

S.660 

£44;   R. 

DancomlN 

lCr*C. 


Dunkin.  J, 
Dunn.  J. 

684 1  W 
Dunatbrd, 
DuDBter,  1 
Dupml, 

£03 
Dnppa.  F. 
Dnpuia,  G 
Iwnford, 
Durrvnt,  1 
DumlI,H 
Oyu,  J.  I 
Dfer.  S.  II 
Uyke^C. 
DytnoDd,  1 

316 
Dynolej, 


ia'.n' 


EutoD,  A. 

«3B 
£*ti»,  & . 
Eddowea,  ; 
Edo,  J.  83 
EdcD.  A.  1 
EdgcwDith 

J.  323,6 
184;  H 
423;  II 
660;  W 


£ldrid,  T. 
Eliot,  W.  ] 
Elioit,  O.  < 


Ellii; 


.J.  ■ 


£ll«nli*w, 

681 
KIley,  T,  I 
Klliconibs, 
Elliot,  3.  I 
Elliott,   C 

S.  441  i 

B.  B.  31 
Ellu,  A. 

C.  M. 
J.D.  U 


Index  to  Names. 


703 


423 :  Mrs.  J.  84  ; 
T.  C.  186 
Ellison,  K.  99 
Elmer,  M.  545 
Elmore,  J.  R.  441 
Elphinstone,  H.  W, 

317:     Rt.    Hon. 

Lord,  218 
Elsdale,  R.  439 
Else,  F.  E.  85 
Elvey,  Mrs.  G.  659 
Elvy,  J.  546 
Elwes,  J.  E.  187 
Emerson,  H.  A.  108 
Emmet,  J.  101 
Empson,  W.  566 
England,  A.  684;  S. 

A.  548 
Entwistle,    E.  683; 

W.  441 
Enys,  J.  M.  426 
Erskine,  S.  100 
Erwin,   Mrs.  A.  S. 

313 
Etheridge,  A.  F.  F. 

428 
d'Etiolles,     M.     L, 

442 
Evans,A.R.E.685; 

C.  444;     E.   M. 
318;  F.314;  Mrs. 

D.  E.    184;    W. 
100,  545 

Every,  Lady,  543 
Eves,  A.  W.  425 
Ewens,  Mrs.  G.  B. 

312 
Eyre,  C.  W.  321 
p:yres,  Capt.  11.218 
Eyton,  Mrs.  84 
Fagan,    E.  L.  323; 

Mrs.  G.  H.  543 
Fairclough,  R.  661 
Fairhead,M.  M.  187 
Fairlie,  Lady  C.  312 
Fair  weather,  M.  A. 

561 
Falconer,  Hon.  Mrs. 

K.  544 
Falkner,  T.  663 
Folris,Comm.  J.  de, 

443 
Fane,  J.  A.  88 
Fanshawe,   Mrs.  H. 

L.  659 
Farhall,  E.  H.  562 
Farina,  Baron  L.  84 
Farquliar,  M.  85 ;  T. 

315 
Farr,  L.  441 
Farrell,  J.  A,  315 
Farrer,  F.  W.  316; 

Mrs.  F.  VV.  424 
Fauldes,  W.  211 
Faulkner,  C.  A.  441 


Fawcett,  C.  86, 444 ; 

H. 186;  M.  318 
Fawcitt,  I.  M.  429 
Fear n side,  Mrs.  T. 

R.  184 
Feilden,  Mrs.  660 
Fellowes,    Mrs.    B. 

83;  W.  B.  548 
Fellows,  Sir  C.  684 
Fendall,  Mrs.  C.  B. 

660 

Fenton,  A.  J.K.  188 

Fenwick,  J.   P.    L. 

559;  J.P.  L.438; 

Lt.-Col  C.  216 

Fergusson,  Lady  £. 

543 
Fernandes,  V.  M.  L. 

316 
Femeley,  Mr.  105 
Fasting,  H.  B.  315 
Few,  C.  216 
Ffoulkes,    Mrs.  W. 

W.  184 
Field,    Mrs.   G.  T. 

659 
Fielder,  M.  327 
Filmore,  Mrs.  S.  A. 

103 
Finnimore,  Maj.  B. 

K.  323 
Fish,    J.    D.    314; 
Miss  J.  213;  Mrs. 
R.  G.  660 
Fisher,  C.  315;  E. 
683;  J.  101;  Lady, 
563 ;  Lady  L.  C. 
565 ;  M.  87 
Fitz  Gerald,  Mrs.  T. 

312 
Fitzgerald,  Mrs.  W. 

83 
Fitzherbert,  Mrs.  J, 

K.  sis 
Fitz  Hugh,  E.  317 
Fitzpatrick,    H.    J. 

88 
Fitzroy,  A.  100 
Fitz  Roy,  B.  A.549 
Flaherty,  J.  217 
Flatman,  N.  439 
Fletcher,    A.    563; 
C.    J.     H.    315; 
J.  683 ;    Mrs.  E. 
424 
FIcurimond,    Abb^, 

328 
Flexmore,  R.  440 
Flood,  L.  T.  213 
Flower,  H.  441;  M. 
327;  Mrs.  L.  318; 
Mrs.  P.  W.  83 
Flowerdew,  A.  330 
Foot,  W.  547 
Forbes,  Capt.  J.  G. 


98;    Hon.  C.  M. 
H.  189;  M.  565; 
T.  L.  86 
Ford,  J.  446;    Mrsi 

W.  B.  83 
Fordati,  S.  E.  427 
Fordham,  £.  439 
Forester,  Hon.  Mrs. 

H.  424 
Forget,  Marq.  de,562 
Forrest,  M.  M.  186 
Forrester,   Capt.  J. 

N.  216 
Forster,  C.  317;  J. 

566 
Forsyth,  A.  88 ;  Mrs. 

T.  D. 184 
Fortescue,  J.  D.  T. 

330 
Forward,    Mrs.    S. 

312 
Fosbrooke,  E.  328 
Foster,  M.  A.  826 ; 

W.  546 
Fotheringham,     D. 
316;  T.  F.  S.  88 
Fourdrinier,    H.  J. 

84 ;  M.  429 
Foweraker,     £.  M. 

102 
Fowke,  Mrs.  424 
Fowle,  E.  C.  561 
Fowler,  A.  M.  315; 
H.     544 ;     Vicc- 
Adm.  R.  M.  102 
Fox,  A.  R.  C.  188; 
E.  M.  88 ;  H.  J. 
438,  559  ;  J. 679; 
M.  326;    M.   H. 
439;    Miss,  683; 
Mrs.  E.  W.  660 ; 
V.  S.  548 
Francis,  J.  G.  548  | 
S.  H.214;  S.  W. 
548 
Eraser,  Capt  C.  R. 
317;    Mrs.  441; 
W.  F.  C.  S,  187 
Frederick   William, 

Princess,  184 
Freebaim,  A.  M.  C. 

662 
Freeman,  F.  E.  £. 

C.  663 
Frend,  F.  A.  324 
Freston,  A.  99 
Frewin,  E.  H.  425 
Frost,  F.  A.  212;  T. 

663 
Fry,  B.  218;  W.  A. 

324 
Fryer,  A.  A.  88 
Fuge,  Comm.  £.  P. 

439 
Fulcher,  H.  C.  187 


Fulford,  A.M.  566; 

K.  425 
Fullarton,  H.  99 
Fuller,  Capt.  R.  H. 
683;  C.  E.  189; 
Mrs.  G.  A.  184 
Fulshaw,  E.  S.  663 
Funneby,  A.  C.  189 
Furlong,  W.  H.  325 
Furrell,  A.  85;  C. 

L.  85 
Fumess,  M.  St.  C. 

318 
Fyler,  J.  W.  T.  85 
Gage,  Hon.  Mrs.  £. 
544;    Hon.  Mrs. 
684 
Gaisford,    K.   563; 

Mrs.  G.  660 
Gale,  G.  816;  L  S. 

85 
Gales,  J.  326 
Gambler,  J.  M.  318 
Gamson,  M.  A.  105 
Gandell,  T.  443 
Gard,  Miss  M.    S. 

218 
Garde,  C.  de  la,  566 
Gardiner,  M.  M.  P. 

545 
Gardner,  A.  105;  £. 
188;  H.  M.  426; 
J.  C.  187 
Garner,  F.  330;  J. 

100 
Garratt,  F.  218;  T. 

87 
Garrett,  Comm.  E. 

443 
Garrido,  Donna  M. 

T.  327 
Gaskell,  Mrs.  H.  L. 

83 
Gates,  Mrs.  G.  813 
Gaye,  Miss,  826 
Gaynor,  H.  D.  323 
Geach,  Mrs.  R.  £• 

184 
Oeare,  A.  J.  103 
Gedgc,  W.  W.  187 
Gee,  F.679;  J.  565 
Cell,  £.  188 ;  £.  I. 

442 
Geneite,  M.  321 
Gerard,  T.  188 
German,  Mrs.  83 
Gerardy-Saintine,M. 

830 
Gerrard,  M.  L.  ^^^ 
Gerrish,  A.  M.  814 
Gibbins,Mri.D.445 
Gibbon,  W.  W.  545 
Gibbons,    Capt   F. 

663 
Gibbs,  W.  L.  442 


Index  to  Name$. 


'I  I 


GibKn,  G.J.  217: 

L.dy  1.184;  Mrt 

Giier,  A.  M.  ff48 

H«lMy,  1 

J.  A.  102;  E.  T. 

83i  M.A.C.549I 

OrieTea,     Mn.    I. 

SIX 

189iW.  102,8IS, 

MriL  C.  W.  424  i 

1 85 

Hun,  T. : 

6SI) 

Mr..  J.  312 

Griffith,  S.  F.  688 

BuDiltO. 

Gilbert.  E.  5621  F. 

Gorton,  Mn.  C.  659 

Qriffitha,  K.  M.A. 

W.  187 

J.  426:  J.  B.  423 

Gore,    E.  F.  0.  G. 

544 

314)    1 

Glide*,  Mn  SS9 

B.I87i  W.0.99 

Grime.,  H.  101 

I.«Bi 

Gile>,E.J.42g)N. 

Goren,  A.  429 

Gioarenor,  Lady  C. 

Mn.  T 

210 

83 

u.s.a 

Glllam,  CM.  deF. 

Gorat,  J.  E.  544 

GroTer,M.J.188 

438 

S4S  1  J.  333 

Goalin,  G.  665 

Gmel    d-Indnrille, 

Gille((,H.e62 

GoiliDg,  £.317iO. 

M.C.216 

HunmoD, 

GillUt,  J.  S.  H5  ;  M. 

662 

Grundy,  J.  G.  lOSj 

186;  Mts.A.660 

Goaaet,  D.  442 

S.  J.  426. 

426 

Gilling,  T.  G.  426 

Gould,  S.  682 

Gailloia,Reii-Adm. 

Gillmsn,  A.  329 

Ooulty,  M.  L.  216 

101 

Gilly,  W.  O.  S.  330 

GouTion,   Biran  F. 

Guiny.MdllaH.dn. 

"r::^ 

Gilmore.   E.    547; 

327 

562 

Lt.  A.  H.  B4S 

Gowring,  S.  330 

Golly,  S.  T.  S.  97 

LCI 

Ginger,  C.pt.  J.  560 

Onbum,  H.  566 

Gundry,E.H.4Z7[ 
F.  W.  314;  S.J. 

H.n«K;k, 

Gipps,  Mre.  W.  eUO 

Graham,  E.C.  662; 

Huidl.,, 

Girdle.tune,  H.  85 

F.   E.  J.  87 ;  H. 

317 

Hanford. 

Girdwood,  A.E.662 

426  r  T.  H.  318 

Ounn,  A.  S16  i   C. 

HaokN, 

GLdslouc,    Mn.  J. 

Grange,  Mr..B.  543 

316;  M.9g 

Huk.7,1 

H.  83 

Grant,    Col.    J.    T. 

Gunning,  Veo.  W. 

Hmmi. 

Glu*,  F.  212 

663;  Dr.  J.  98 

359 

Cptl 

Oltispoole,  Capt.  E. 

GMtithini,    H.    V. 

GurdOD,C.87|Hit. 

It.  445 

426;    M*j.   Gen. 

P.6M 

n-acn. 

GWer,  A.  C.  316  ; 

106 

Gnroey,  E.  S.  IBSi 

a-M.i. 

E.CS2iF.H.  102 

Gr«n»ille-Eliot,    t 

Mn.  W.  U.  424 

Glyn,  T.  C.  97 

F.426 

Owillim,M.W.Ma 

h.  T. 

Glyiiet,  L.  426 

Gt««^   Hon.  Mr.. 

G«yer,J.  31* 

W.Q. 

Goatclier,   Mrs.  B. 

A.  84 

Owyn,  J.   B.  llt( 

Haramn 

313 

Gray,    B.  824;  4, 

H.  H. 438 

Un.1 

GoddiriK,  J.  425 

210,    Mn.  660; 

Gwynne,  L.  549 

Hud..^; 

Go<lfiey,C»pl.  317i 

N.  L.3I4 

Gylea,  G.  814 

HwdioK. 

W.  H.  R.  4i9 

Grajton,  C.  566 

Sir  O. 

Gold,  C.  J.  316 

188 

H..d.ri.l 

Goldsmid,     A.    A. 

Gr<!atrex,C.  M.330 

Hacon,  Mn.  E.  D. 

HmnlT.  ] 

as!,  1 

est;  La<ly  1.680 

Gr«en,    A.   85;    C. 

185 

Goldsmith,  U.  564 

648;   C.  T.  441 j 

Hadow,  H.  0.  S18 

R.n,L. 

GcldiHQrtliy,  Lt.  F. 

E.  F.  662;  E.  J. 

Hw>.  H.  317 

SSI 

T.  210 

548,681:   L.  M. 

Higoe,  H.  C.  647 1 

Hugrca. 

Gooch,  J.  560  1  M. 

Q.  438;  Hn.  Q. 

Mn.  W.  D.  184 

l.?A.I 

F.5I8 

W.G.42Sf  ILA. 

Hahn,  Mra.  A.  424 

Haicnr. 

Good.cre,  J.  563 

188;  T.  L.  85 

Hainen,  G.  W.  189 

VI.  yi. 

Goodcliild,    M.    A. 

Greene.  R.  42S 

U.leoiDbe,  C.  H.  J. 

Hul.p. 

440;   It.E.  88 

Greenhill,  G.  663 

546 

H«l.;.  1 

Coo.l«,Mai.\V.IBSi 

Greenatreet,  A.  M. 

Hale,  Capt  C.  A. 

Hum;;. 

W.  547,  663 

212 

669 

UM..^ 

Gooden,  Mra.  C.  C. 

Gieenway,  E.  188 

»»7 

659 

Gregory,  E.428,G. 

427 

Haniai^ 

Goodenough,F.I05; 

324;    Mr..  J.  C. 

Halifax,  H.  F.  8U 

H.nh.  i 

L.  6S3 

543 

Hall,  £.  645,  6401 

M.  is; 

Goodhnll,  A.  681 

Grenfell,M.D.  106, 

J. 441;  J. ¥.662) 

061  t 

Gc>adlake,lIoil.Ml>. 

M.  E.  6S4 

M.  E.  68]|  Mis. 

lOSi  ] 

E.  443 

Grenaide,  E.  547 

J.  660;    S.   IDS, 

O.S44 

Goodrich,  S.  G.  S9 

GreBley,Mr..C.313 

216,   648;  T.  F. 

Hurfm, 

Goodaeraon,  J.  HH 

Greville,  M.F.686i 

443  1  W.  103 

A.D.J 

Goodyear.  C.  323 

Mra.  423 

Halliburton,     Hon. 

sail  I 

Grey,   H.   E.  101; 

B.824 

sasi 

V.  189 

Mra.543;  R.  102 

H*lUru.G.T.  IM 

Hn.  I 

Gordon,    Adm.    C. 

Griee.  Mra.  J.  313 

Hallowea,C.L.5*t 

Mn.! 

S64i  CapU  T.  E. 

Gridlcy,  Mra.  H.  G. 

Hallin(d,Un^.U 

S^ 

664  i  H.  D.fi47i 

660 

ism 

« 


tndes  to  Names. 


T.  G.  '429  ;   w. 

W.  212 
Harrold,  F.  E.  663 
Harper,  Mra.  P.  R. 

S43 
HaitUy,  B.  326 ;  J, 

560;  J.  R,*a7 
Hartahome,  T.  568 
lUrrey,  Gen.  Sir  R. 

J.  106;   H.  425; 

E.  F.  S4« 
Hiiby,  E.  SS 
HaseKoot.  M.  440 
HaiUvood,  C.  328; 

Mrs.  B.  312 
HaullKin,  S.  6S1 
Haunnann,  216 


Ha<*e>,  S.  212 
Hawke,  C.  313 
Hawker,  Adm.E.106 
Hawkeaworlh,  C.  A. 

439 
Hawhini,    C.    325  ; 

C.  A.  86;   E.  C. 

544;     Maj.-Gea. 

F.  S.  105;   Mn, 
C.  S.  423 

Haiiley,  Mre.  313; 

Mrs.  H.  C.  313 
Hiwo>tli,MrhF.644 
Hawks,  D.  S.-445 
HawUvne,  Mrs.423 
Hay,  Cot.  L.  314; 

E.  321  ;  LL-CoI. 

H.443 
Hayes,  M.J.  85 
Haylock,  J.  662 
Hayton,  E.  M.  316 
Hayward,  G.  C.321 ; 

J.  E.  IH6i  R.  B. 

316 
Hazard,  J.  S64 
Hazeldiae,  F.  426 
Uazlill.'C.  211 
Head,  A.  U.  84 
Heale,  E.  189 
Heanley,  J.  662 
Heap,  J.  563 
Ilealli.  A.  A.   lS6i 

G.  C.  324 
Htalhcote.    M.    E. 

189;  T.  H.559 
Ileallier,  M.  100 
Heatherly,  Mn.  106 
Hedger,  W.  189 
Hedley,  H.  325 
HegJDbotloni,S.43S 
Hdlbronn,  Mra.  H. 

C.  518 
Heine,  H.  H7 
~  "     r,  M.  MO 


Helaliam,  H.314 
Hemtworth,  D.  S46 
Henderson,    C.    A. 

664;  E.  B.  6B4 
Henney,  T.  F.  210 
Henniker,   A.  549 1 

Sir  B.  314 
HeQr7,M.326jMn. 

J.  R.  186 
HeDryion,  A.  ^B.  L 

S44 
Henshav,   E.  S6S  g 

Mra.  C.  F.  423 
Hensley,  M.  I.  446 
Henty,  L.  C.  187 
HeFW0rth,E.F.441 
Herbert,  C.  E.  661 ; 

Hon.  P.  547  i  T. 

H.SS 

Keiford,  Capt  1. 8S 

Herrich,  A.  S,  217 

.HerUlet,Mn.E.6S9 

Hett,  J.  662 

Hewitaon,  W.  683 

Hewion,  Vice- A  dm. 

G.  444 
Hey,  H.  443 
Ueycock,   D.   187; 

T.  318 
Heytetbniy,    I<ard, 


108  ' 
He7waod,R.C.6S4i 

W,  A.  102 
Hibbard,  J.  662 
Hibbert,    B.    42t ; 

Mre.  F.  D.  83 
Hicheni,  B.  4!S 
Hiekley,  J.  G,  661 
Hickaon,  J.  W.  566 
HiggtDa,MTa.R.  428 
Higgiabothom,    M. 

328 


420 
Hill,  C.  330]  CW. 

86;    E.  442;    E. 

C.  101;  H.  188; 

J.  102;  Mrt.«41i 

W.  210,  419 
Hilli,  A.  84 
Hillyar,  Mn.  SIS 
Hilton,  G.  A.  547 
Hincheliff,  Mr.  839 
Hind,   B.   106;   R. 

663 
Hinds,  Capt.  J.  W. 

425 
Hindmarab,   Sir   t. 


Hint,  S.  lS9t   W, 


Hielop,  T.  548 
Hoar,  Ura.  563 
Hoare,   E.   106;    J. 
F.    330;    L.    9. 
428,  M.  B.441 
Hobhouie,  Mn.  £. 

659 
RDblyn,T.  329 
Hochepied-  Larprot, 
Baroneaa  de,  659 
Hodge,  Col.  189 
Hodgn.  E.318i  B. 
M,  562 ;  Hra.  B. 
IB4 
Hodgetia,  J.  H.  545 
Hodgaon,A.88:  E. 
86;    J.   E.  316) 
i.  F.  663 
Hoey,  M.  E.  188 
Hogarth,  G.  318 
Hogg,  A.  429,  S4S ; 

Mra.  J,  185 
Hohenibal,     C'iMa 

of,  426 
HoIdeme«,M.548 
HoIdiworth,H;e79i 

S.  C.  186 
HoIa,J.548i  H.426 
Holford,  Mn.  83 
Holiday,  W.  328 
Holland,    Capt.   .F. 
218;  F.  87;  Hon. 
Mn.  F.  IBfi;  M. 
B.  87 
HoUick,  O.  E.  316 
HoIliiiga,F.L.S80 
HoUini.Mra.'W.SlS 
HoUnnd,     Mn.    E. 

184 
HolWay,  A.  426) 
F.  S28,  329)  W. 
O.  S4S 
HolToaii,  C.  427 
Holme*,  A.  «2S;  J. 
104,318)  M.330| 
M.  £.438 
Bolt.   G.  W.   33S| 

J.  87  ;  M.  663 
Hol«araiy,Un.lOO 
Home,    Mra.    434  { 

Sir  W.  218 
Hon,  Count  £.  b, 

339 
HonnywiU.  M.    U. 

213 
Honywood,      Lady. 
6«0|  P.  F.  S3<i 
W.8« 
Hood,  If.  428t  Wn. 

659 
Hoof,  P.  86 
Hooker,  Mn.  81 
Hooper,  H.  F.  (47 1 
Mn.  G.  IWt  U. 


Hope,  Hod.  Mn.  L. 

313 
Hopetoan,  C'leiiof, 

648 
Hop^ood,  T.  B.  441 
Hopkioa,   E.   829) 

E.    H.  >lfl;    J. 

W.  317)   at  F. 


Hopper,  H.  J.  438 
Hare,  M.  S.  108 
Home,  A.  101 ;   I. 

8S 
Horaey,  S.  de,  101 
Horton,  Lt-Col.338 
Hoiwood,  W.  565 
Hone,   Lady,  660  i 

Mn.  188 
Hotham,  Lady  J.  S. 

437;  R.A.668 
Houcben,  J.  318 
Houghton,  8.  C.  88 
HonnMli,   Un.  H. 

S.8S 
How,    A.  F.  101 1 

Hn.T.84 
Howard,  H.G.  668; 

W.e83 
Howe,  U.  186 1  S. 

M.  185 
Howei,H.  211 
Howl«(t,  J.  564 
Howley,  M.  F.  3S0 
Howmio,   Un.  K. 

6f0 
Howaa,  I.  330 
Hoyle,  F.  W.  816 
d'Hnait,   Bwon  T. 


S65;  iL188,S8S, 

683;  W.  081 
Hngbin,  L.  314 
Hoihci,     E.    566) 

Hn.  0,843  iMri. 

T.  433;  R.  C«t 

8.681 
Hngo,  D.  684 
Hngoe,  C.  F.  561 
UtUknr,  E.  817 
Hunt,  A.  103)    U. 

/.  C.    87 1    MfL 

W.  101)  T.  438, 

Hnter,  D.  87)  H. 
F.  418 1  Lt-CoL 
J.  SU)   Mn.  V. 

433  ;  T.  H.  n 
HuniinBtso,  C.  444 
Hnntlay,  E.  844 
Hurd,  W.  443 
Hnrly.IUaitr 
«7 


Index  to  Namet. 


!]■ 


Huxley,  Prof.  l«i 
llyall.  E.  3l(t 
Ibbi-txin,    Lady    A. 

Ick,Mt«.  W.  R.42t 
lkin,J.  A.  4tl 
lldctton.  M.  A.  325 
Impi>v,  V.  680 
Inchliald,  S.  J.  103 
Iilc>>ic|uii1,Lady,IH^ 

liliO 


Jeiiiiiiitc».    i-    343; 

W.  H. 322 
Jenyaa,  Mrs.  421 
Jervis.  A.  214  i    J. 

217  i   Mw.  W.  G. 

424 
Jerirood.  Mr..  T.  J. 

JL'^lon,  E.  A.  314 
Joncl.  G.  v..  187 
Jub,  v..  4'2S 
Johiu,MrJi.n.T.SS 
Jolinaan,  K.liSli  J. 

(i.317;  M.iiiil  1 

Mij.  W,  T.  B4a  ! 

ilri.    H.     C.    R. 

312;   P.42ri  Sir 

II.  A.  214 

1,  M.  J.  103 


In-iiij;,  S,  100 
Irwin,  K.M.IV.CS3 
ls.»'»)ii.  P..  K.  518 
Js.'k*uii,  I   M.  5(>3t 

M.    !l!li     M.   E. 

5li3:  M.  O.  (Wlj 

W.  F.  4211 

Jdrniiib,  W.  316 

Juirray,  J.  II.  rtli6 


Juhiia 

iW;  M.  E.  427) 

M».  84 
Juliy,  J.  It,  427 
Janes,  A.  101  j  Capt. 

L.  428.  £44 1   E. 

32(Ii  F.  A.  GCli 

J.442i  J.T.SSU; 


M. 


Mri 


I,  E.  'I-. 


>,  C.  4311  i    E. 

4.1Hi     G.   P.    It. 

lorii    I..i.lr,  (iUO  I 

M.   JlJSi    M.   K, 

317;  .Mrs.  M.  E. 

aiiti;   1'.  V.Jw 
Jstnctoii,    E.   tiS-t ) 

J.    M.    \V.   Ijltl  ; 

M.  A.  318 
Jaiiiicton,  v..  E.  (iG3 
Jjqui'v  A.  arili 
J..rdiim,  ]}.   IIU  ;  S. 


'       426 
Jdy.  Mr..  S.  I).  OUO 
J<:iuririi<iii.C.K.21S 
Jvl>li.  J.  J.  HS 
JelRry,  A.  Ii8l 
Ji^irnvs,  K.  .\I.  6(il 
Ju-j.'vblioy,   I^dy  J. 

J>13 
Jel(yi!.J.  H.  S.  139 
Ji'liv,  K.  .'nil 
J.-iiiLi.,s,  K.  1U3;  J. 

Jciikiniuu,  Lady, 424 


(i39;    M.    G.    E. 

<>til;   Mn.  H.   P. 

423  i  II.  U4H)t 

T.    11.   438;     \V. 

II.  H.  213 
Jordan,  W.  L.  liGl 
Jourdan,Col.  H.  G. 

G84 
J..yee,  E.  A.  R5 
Joyiur,  J.  E.  S<i3 
JuWIin,  M.  213 
Judd,  F.  3  !3 
Jun  -  rt  -  Kiiypliiii- 

■cn.  Count  ill',  327 
Juslice,  C.  J.  87 
K»iiie,  S.  .\.  31(1 
Kald.  C.  tin 
Kay,  K.  U.  31G 
KtfRl,  W.  T.  SJS 
Ktane,  Cajit.  E.S47| 

J.  (i63 
Kci'lc,  R.  S5 
Kteiiiui,  1-.  J.  428 
K.Iaan,  E.  F.  4« 
Kfm|.,   F.  M    412; 

II.   (ieSi    \V.   F. 


Kenrick,  E,87 
l^mt,  A.4>.'S;  Mrt. 

B.  A.  643;  Mri. 

S.  312 
Kcnyon,  E.  N.  564 
Kcr,  J.  99 
Kerr,    E.  £49;     J. 

100;  B.J.  544 
Kerinode.  W.  315 
Kerry,  W.  329 
Kewtiey,  C.  210 
Kidion,  Mr.  filil 
Kil|iairick,J.  P.  SSS 
Kiiiiber,  J.  aG6 
Kinirrtiey,  Mri.  E. 

L.  IBt 
Kiiift,   C.  330;    E. 

31li;  E.  C.  427  : 

J.  426,  SUB;  J.  S. 

StSj   M.  £.  189; 

Mrs.  11.  83;    W. 

T.  426 
Kiniidon,    M.    502; 

Mn.  J.  E.  060 
KinKucoK^,  G.  E.  80 
Ki»)(>fard,  E.  )0I 
KLn^ilcT,     Ll.-Col. 

E.  217 
Kitiucar,    Mn.    H. 

544,  C>£9 
KiidinR,  Mn<.J.J4l 
Kippcn,  Mn.  ll.N. 

423 
Kirwan,  L.  H.  545 
KilciiiiigbKtn.P.  Iitl2 
KniKUt,  C.  C.  86 1 

J.  II.  87i  M.  A. 

318 
Knipe,  A.  5i;2 
Xniiit,   A.  F.   545; 

lion.  Mn.V.5(i5i 

J.  11.321 
Kwuiuth,  K.  Z.  326 
Kyimaird,  Vuc'teM, 


83 


427 


,   F.   A. 


Kniip-Wtkh,  II.  S. 
E.  5t4: 
;:.F.2H; 


jrd*irc,M.A.!13 
Lacy,  G.  de  L  425 
LaiJi-iiienl,  J.  127 
Liiing:,  1).  321 
Ltmb,  A.  316;  Mn. 

F.  W.  544 
Lanibtrt,   Hun.   O. 

J.  330 
Lambert,   C.   316; 

F.    W.   428:    ■>- 

186;  M.J.  428 
Lamhriek,Mi«.SH 
Liinotle,    Mn.    C. 

W.  313 
Laiicu[ei,C.A.  188 
Land.  M.M.  A.21S 
LandcU,  G.  J.  42S 
Laiidelli,  E.  HO 


II.    C.   31 

2 18,  662 
L«iie.Fox,H' 

A.  6S0 
Lanft.M.lSS 

214 
Langford,   1 

184 
Langley,  A.  ( 

M.  .^.85 
Langloii,  .M 
Lanmridge,  J 
LangtoD,  E. 
Lanvraj.  M. 
Lapid|[F,RM 

W.  F.  32) 
Lapwoith,  A 
Larken,  M.  ; 
Larking,  H. 
Larpeni,   Bi 

H.  lOS 
LajcHlei^  C< 

H.  6K4 
I^irll,  M.  i 
!-■  Terriere, 
La  Trobe,  K 
Laumanii,  M 
Lauiiaj,  it\, 
Laufip,  J.   I 

Mill  L.  G 
Lauriaton.Ci 

quia  de,  *i 
Laver,  Un. 
I-»we».  E.44 

4t5 
Lawris.  Mn 
Lawimn,  J.  3 

Mra.    \.  I 

yv-  316.  61 

I'>«toD,  (i. . 

Lay.  H.  R.  ( 
I'ayard,  Mn. 
i'ayion,  W.  , 
t'VB,  S.  168 
LcBPock,  .S. 
LcHiher,  F.  : 
Letuu,  p.  ]o 
1^  IlrctoD.  I 
Lecchini,  E. 
Leckcy,  J.  4: 
Lccouinrier. 
Led»«rd.  H. 
I*«.  K.  426  ; 

T.  A48 
LcpBon,     Ca 


Index  to  Names. 


707 


Leprge,  Hon.  G.  B. 

»548 
Legh,  J.  212 
Leigh,  M.  545 
Leighton,  F.M.562; 
Gen.  Sir  D.  104; 
Lady,  659;  R.85 
Leir,  Mrs.  C.M.818 
LeLievre,  E.B.681 
LemarcbaBd,       Dr. 

215 
Lennox,  Mrst.  184 
Leonard,  A.  S.  546 
Leppingwell,  T.  W. 

213 
Leroy,  Father,  828 
Leslie,    Capt.   315 ; 
G.  F.  213  ;  Mrs. 
L.  660 
Lester,  A.  327 
Levander,  M.  L.  828 
Lcventhorpe^  T.  W. 

321 
Levett,  R.  T.  R.  86 ; 
S.  F.  M.  548 ;  W. 
679 
Levingston,  E.  W. 

217 
Levison,  L.  314 
Lewellin,  F.  446 
Lewer,  Dr.  R.  547 
Lewis,  E.  210;  Mrs. 

L.  W.  184 
Lichfield,    Countess 
of,  313;  J.  P.  317 
Liell,  M.  327 
Lightfoot,  E.  A.  686 
Lighton,  A.  85 
Lillingston,A.C.428 
Liminer,  E.  W.  685 
Lind,  J.  P.  328 
Lindoe,  £.  563 
Lindon,  M.  445 
Lindsay,    Hon.    C. 
H.,  infant  son  of^ 
686;  Lt..Col.  T. 
446 
Lindsey,  C.  566 
Linnell,  J.  T.  427 
Linton,  E.  M.  187 
Liot,   Capt.   W.  B. 

106 
Lister,  C.  I.  826 
Litchfield,  J.  212 
Little,  E.  H.  426; 
Mrs.  184;  M.  C. 
103;  T.  P.  315 
Littlewood,M^.  322 
Lizars,  Prof.  101 
Lloyd,  A.  L.   317; 

E.  105,  686;  £. 

F.  548;  F.  C. 
317;G.E.C.84: 
J.  563 ;  R«ar-AcU 

G.  216;  R.  Y. 
663 


Locke,  J.  544 ;  Mrs. 

J.  A.  184 
Lockett,  H.  B.  210 ; 

M.  J.  210 
Lockhart,  T.  566 
Locking,  G.  325 
Lockwood,    A.    P. 

188 
Lockyer,  Miss,  684 ; 
Maj.-Gen.  H.  F. 
443 
Lodge,  F.  329 
Loftus,  G.  £.  814 
Loisne,  Col.  M.  de, 

210 
Lomax,  C.  21 1 
Lombe,  C.  563 
London,  Bp.  of,  wife 

of,  184 
Loney,  J.  J.  105 
Long,   A.  L.  424; 

A.  M.  D.  315 
Longboume,  A.  C. 

427 
Longden,    W.     G. 

427 
Longhurst,  C.  321 
Longland,  G.  L.  188 
Longman,  Mrs.  W. 

424  ;  S.  S.  105 
Lopes,  Hon.  Lady, 

313 
Lord,C.  O.  546;  E. 

546 ;  T.  £.  315 
Loseby,  J.  212 
Lourdoueiz,  M.  de, 

565 
Lovell,  Lady  R.  185 
Loregrove,  C.  817 ; 

M.  188 
Low,  J.  546 
Lowe,  Mrs.  E.   G. 
184;  Mrs.  J.  M. 
184 
Lower,  E.  W.  186 
Lo wry- Cony,  Lady 

L.  A.  88 
Lowthrop,    ICn.  J. 

W.  F.  424 
Laard,  H.  101 ;  J. 

D.  880 
Lubbock,    Mrs.    J, 

184;  S.828 
Lucas,  A.  446;  C. 
H.   314;    £.   A. 
108  ;  E.  C.  212  ; 
M.    M.  662;    S. 
563 
Lack.  P.  85 
Lacy,  K.  565 
Lulham,  E.  W.  188 
Lomley,  E.  564 
Lareaa,  M.  218 
Lnscombe,  J.  448 
Lnxmoore;  O;  M.  SL 
663 


LygoD,  Gen.   Hoiu 

B.  P.  685 
Lyne,  Mrs.  De  Cas- 
tro F.  185 
Lynes,  Mrs.  J.  424 
Lyon,  H.  815;  W. 

426 
Lyons,  Col.  H.  189 
Lyster,  Capt  F.  T. 

547 
Lyttelton,  Hon.  M. 

S.  815 
Mabbott,  W.  C.  445 
Maberly,  A.  101 
Macaulay,  J.  209    ' 
McCalinont,  H.  B. 

B.  317 
McCarogher,  Mrs.  J. 

0.428 
MeCansland,C.  814 
McClean,  A.  87 
MDakin,  S.G.  87 
McDennott,Capt  B. 

105 
McDonald,  Capt  A. 

822 
M'Donald,  J.  108 
Macdonnld,   F.   M. 
82   ;    Hon.   Mrs. 
185;    Hon.   Mrs. 
A.  565;  J.  688; 
Lady  K.  566;  Lt- 
CoLR.686;Ma]\ 
J.  212 
McDottgdl,  C.  661 
MacDougaU,     Col. 

186 
MacDowell,  CoL  G. 

J.  M.  214 
Macfarlane,  Mrs.  J. 

R.548 
M'Grath,  £.  489 
McGrigor,      Lady, 

428 
Mack,  S.  87 
McKay,  J.  829 
Mackechnie,    Cant 

R.  W.  101 
Mackensie,    E.    J. 
428;     Ladj    G. 
217 
Mackintosh,  Mils  C. 

108 
Maclagan,  Mn.  R. 

659     ' 
Maclean,  L.  M.  189 
MeLennan,  M.  827 
MacLeod,  Mrs.  D. 

A.  88 
M'Mabon,  Mn.  428 
MeMuno^B.  M.189 
Macnabb,J«W.429, 

545 
M'Nair,  G.  B.  816 
Maoonoehie»    Cipt 
^2 


Macpherson,  Maj.  96 
Maerobin,  J.  815 
M'Swinney,  M.  A. 

680 
Macturk,  G.  G.<68 
McWbinney,  L  M. 

104 
Madgwick,    W.    J. 

559 
Magenif^  R.  H.  88 
Magrath,  Dr.  N  561 
Mahon,  G.  A.  188; 

M.  C.  549 
Main,  Mrs.  D.F.  83 
Mair,  A.  B.  87  s  M. 

M.  87 
Mairet,  R,  A.  814 
Ma]tland,G.C.826; 

J.  W.  218 
Mijendie,  Mn.  184 
MaJenMU,  M.  440 
Maioribanks,W.81& 
Malcolm,  M.  815.    - 
Malleson,  L.  T.  429 
Mallet,  K.  661 
Mallock,  Mn.  548 
Maltby,  A.  K.  662 
Malyon,  L.  J.  817 
Mandy,  K.  86 
Mangin,  H.  106 
ManIey,W.H.424 
Mann,  C.  187 
Manner^  Lady  A. 

84;  M.425 
Manning,  M.  J.560' 
Manse),  Mn-  C;  0«. 

818  .   ~ 

Maoifleld,  Capt  549 
Mant,  M.  E.  814 
Mande,  M.  429 
Manven^'Earl,  689 
Marehiifo,  ComiteM 

de,  659 
Margewon,  P.  D.  106 
Margttts,  P.  a  426 
Marigny,  M*  A.  F« 

Coanteia  de,  824 
Mark,  J.  A.  817 
Man,  M.  A.  80 
Manable^  G.  817 
MaRiotl^aSL189| 

H.  546;  M.  0. 

218 ;  Mn.  W.  F.* 

184;  ,8.  688 
Manairit, '  Coontew 

de  St  441 
Manh.  J.  565;  H. 

E  87 
Marshall,  C.  A.  188 1 

C.E.86;  F.560{ 

G.  86;  H.  I89| 

n.  R.  649 1  Mn* 

108;  Mra.B.428| 

Mn.J.424|  Mra. 

J.N.4S8|R.«6S| 

S.  F.  6«8 


Index  to  Names. 


JlarsUnd,  J.  8(i 

Mipian,E.A.S.137 

213 1  Mn.  a  E. 

A.   434;    S 

JIarli.1,  A.  C.  683  i 

Mildii>ay,ll.U.189i 

£43;   Mr..  J.  B. 

(i84 

G.  *37  J  Mr..  E. 

Han.  Lady  Si.  J. 

424,  050;  M.  V. 

NMh,  J.  103; 

USD ;  Mr>.  11.423; 

659 

546  i  S,  187;  W. 

543 

Mra.  J.  83 

]Uilmai>,  J.  Vf.  M'K. 

F.  824;  W.I.  101 

NaioB,  J.  J.  1: 

Marti neau,  T,  87 

187 

Mori.ny,  M.P.6M 

Neale.  A.  31Ii 

Martvn,  Mrs.  C.  J. 

Miles,  A.186;  Mai.- 

Morice,  H.W.  217; 

444;  S.  680 

184 

Gen.     W.      101, 

Mr..  C.  W.  £43 

Neave,  M.  B. 

Majon,   A.  J.  426; 

.Mm.  W.  H.  544 

Moriion,  J.  99 

Keedham,  H. 

C.  V.  sua ;   K.  A. 

Jlilford.     E.     218; 

MorW,  F.  R.43g; 

429 

ii6;    J.    42(i;    M. 

Mr..Il.K.3!3 

J.  680;  M.  326; 

Neii«)o,  H.  e; 

328 

Miller,  G.  97,  519) 

Mn.  G.  600;  W. 

NeUoii.     E. 

M^islL-rman,  Mra.  E. 

LadyK.444iMri. 

H.  101 

m™.  G.  H, 

e<ill 

83;  S.  100,  549 

Merpliei.,J.316 

Min,  S2S 

Mltson,  ti.84 

Mill.,   R.    T.  426  i 

Monall.  C.  6S4 

Hembhard,  Ca 

M.tlhe",  T.  P.  6G2 

S.  E.414 

Morrice,    Mr».    M. 

J>48 

IilntrliLxa,   K.  3-J9i 

Milne.   A.  D.  SCO, 

326 

Nellleahip,  S. 
NeviU,   lloD. 

F.  .\.  326:  M". 

N.  315;  T.  106 

Morri.,  I.  545 ;  B, 

£66 

aiilion.E.  187 

£62 

189;  Ladvl 
Neville,  A.  M 

Miilliwii.  W.  329 

Miiicliiii,  M.J.  428 

M<.rriM>[i.J.C.3iaj 

Unud?,  A.   106;  J. 

Miuahull,  M.  8J 

Vice-AJra.  I.  H. 

II.  £.  «4£ 

C.  210 

Minton,  S.  103 

330 

NcTin*.  M.  tl 

MantitL..  J.  J.  186  r 

Mirfiii,  J.  £66 

Mor«',  Mri.E.6R2 

Newberry.  E. 

Mn.  A.  I(J3 

MitelielI,J.  212:M. 

Murcimare,S.A.£47 

Newbuld,  J.  til 

M»un,«ll,     W.    W. 

10  ti  M.  E.31S 

Morton,  M.  H.  003 

NewbDUld,  M. 

321 

Mitford,  Hon.  Mr.. 

Muwiey,  J.  061 
MoH,  J.tiB2 

NewdiKate.  A. 

Maxwell,     C.     W. 

T.84 

Neo'land,  11.  ( 

La.ly,    680  j    Sir 

Mooatta,  I,.  661 

Mo«y„,  Hon. Lady, 

Newnan.  R.  : 

]).B85 

Motf!,  F.  K.  31* 

313;    Hod.  Mn. 

NewnliaiM,    M 

Mny,  C.  330  ;  H.  J. 

Mi^inif,  M.  8£ 

bS 

G.  C.  L.  54 

81;   J.  SIJ;    L. 

Mole.  J.  S.  G62 

Mount.  H.  C.  504 

Ne*.lead.J.J 

A.  661 1  u.asi 

Molryiu,     LL-Col. 

MounLin,  J.  K.  £60 

Ne-lh,  W.31 

Mayoirk,  M.  138 

Hill.  D.1{,d.>,  429 

MuurKUi-,  M.  S.  328 

NewioD,   B.  8< 

Mnyer.J.  216 

Motloy,  R.  C8G 

Mousley.  C.  tJ7 

U.318;  H.l 

MbvI«.-k,Mii.T.M. 

Malyiieux,    T.     B. 

Mom-bray,  h.  Lady, 

Nloholl,   J.  C 

5hl 

lot 

212 

Mn.   J,  B. 

MaynarJ.  Un.i.  CoL 

Muni:kt<m.IIon.Mn. 

Muirhead.  D.  G81 

It.  428 

SKi;  Lt.-Cul.  K. 

1I.M.6.VJ 

Nicliol..  Mn, 

«.  U6t 

Mimcrieir.  Lt.  C.  C. 

659;   S.  R. 

Mayhfll.  !■:.  -M.  217 

S.  663 

184 

T.  M.  317 

May...  K.  I8ri 

Money,    Viee-Adm. 

Mmiday.     E.    31B; 

N'iclioUon.  F^ 

Mea<low..    .Mr».  A. 

11.  213 

Mr..  P.  313 

F.   439;    M 

Uj» 

Monk,  T.J.  18ft 

Mundy,    M^j-Cn. 

Y.  312i  T. 

Mear^  Mr*.  fliO 

M»ni«n,  Hoii.  Mr* 

0.  C.  217 

Nickirwn,  J.  I 

Medlov.  K.  88 

T.  J.  83 

Munro.  A.  A.  547 

Kick*.  T.  217 

Mct'k,  M.  13U 

Monro,   C.   11.  88; 

K>eolKUtn.C 

MtiL'kia;;.  T.310 

M.  429 

of,  £44 

Nind.  11.  lOii 

MirrH.  (i.  f.  662 

WDnlL.lioro,  Mr..  J. 

MurehiKW.  Mn.  J. 

Norco,k,  J.  M 

M.-1)im»l.,  A.  UM 

M.  513;  MrK,  L. 

11.84;  K.D.424 

Normal.,  Mr.. 

MclliNh,  II.  IC^Kt 

J.  423 

MnrdcM:k,W.M.126 

tieo ;  M.  56 

Mul!or,  J.  W..5I7; 

Montr^-xur,  Mrs.  S  13 

Mnrnliy,  Seri.212 

Norrcj-i,  Ladv 

Mr«.W.  J.  124 

MotiyiKimy,    C.   J. 

Mnrrbv,     A.     546; 

Norri..   O.  G. 

Mrlly,   Mr».   t.   K. 

428  i  P.  H.  189 

Gen'  Hon.  Sir  H. 

J.  106 i  m. 

314 

Mo,.r.    F.    C.   603; 

326,     320;     Lt.- 

M.   A.  548 

Mimi-,  W.  P.  100 

M.j.-Oeu.  il.  il. 

Col.  Sir  A.  101 ; 

N-rth,  T.  85 

[                                     Muniu-ll,  M.41,^ 

T.6K3;  T.  lt.£59 

Korlon,   Mn. 

McniiL-*,,!.  1.428 

Monrc.  11  M,  217, 

Murion.  E.  429 

84 

Mer...  Jl.  d...  liHil 

J      .330;    Mnj.   J. 

Muiurave,  E.3U 

No.worth».J.: 

Mesliam,  It.  428 

A.  217;  J.  C.  101; 

Mp.pr»tt.Ur.S.31« 

Notl.M.  "E.  6. 

Metcairv,  K.T.  187 

M«.  T.  412  ;  M. 

Mn.loii,  .M.  A.  683 

Kowell  -  U.iii 

Mellm™.  ligii.  Mrs. 

E.    .5M,    IL    F. 

MuilDii,  K.  545 

Mr..  S.  1-. 

St.  J.  312 

Mren4  U.  683 

NuRsiit,  l„  H 

Mi^iv.  K.  M.  .161 

MoLMll,   II.   IK7 

Mylue,  Mai.  C.  D. 

Nuun.   Mr..  1 

M(viirll.Mr-.K.S13 

M.,r,;i.ii,,\.S48j  V. 

563 

'12]  W.  11 

Mi.lKliiiurv,    II.    1''. 

HI;  J.   ::-l,i:   J. 

Kaicnc,  C.  E.  188 

Oak.l,v.  Mn. 

410 

.-..  .j:a ;  Maj.  11. 

Napier,  MrfcCW. 

31j' 

Index  to  Names.  709 

Oakes,  Lt.  J.  W.  L.  Panat,    M.    le    Yi-  Pellv,  G.   B.  663 ;  Pickard- Cambridge, 

325  ;  S.  444  comte  de,  218               Sir  J.  H.  664               F.  A.  186 

O'Callaghan,   Capt.  PaDi8,J,  215  Pemberton,  Mrs.  S.  Pickering,  T.  662 

£.  314  Panton,  R.  438                544  Pickemell,  H.  685 

Oddie,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Pardee,  £.  681  Pender,  R.  C.  216  Pickford,  G.  429 

544  Pares,  Mrs.  J.  88 ;  Pendlebury,  N.  441  Pidcoek,  Mrs.  B.  W. 

Oerstedt,  M.  104  W.  187  Penfold,  £.  545               428 

Ogilvie,  C.  88 ;    C.  Parham,  S.  D.  562  Pennant,  G.  D.  426 ;  Piercy,  A.  C.  547 

F.  664 ;  Maj.  R.  Park,  F.  G.  88                 Lady  L.  D.  548  Pierpoint,  Mrs.  M. 

L.  J.  86 ;  Mrs.  C.  Parke,  B.   682 ;  C.  Pennefather,  H.  V.        A.  185 

S.  W.  543  101                                662  Piers,  W.  D.  814 

Ohren,  M  rs.  M.  424  Parker,  C.  J.  B.  549;  Pennell,  H.  L.  99 ;  Pigot,  E.  829 ;  Mrs. 

Okendon,   Mrs.   W.  J.    679;    J.    W.        Mrs.  J.  660                  J.  T.  185 

P.  543  684;  Mrs.  F.  318;  Pennington,  £.  564  Pigon,  H.  668 

Okeover,  Hon.  Mrs.  Mrs.  J.  812;    T.  Penrhyn,  Mrs.  L.  84  Pikher,  A.  £.  664 

84  100  Penrose,  A.  A.  101  Pilgrim,     Miss     C. 

Oldershaw,  H.  545  Parkinson,  J.  106  Pensam,  Miss  A.  M.         104;  Mrs.  818 

Oldfield,  £.  189  Parlby,  B.  S.  B.  84         829  Pilkington,  Mrs.  D. 

Oldham,     C.    425  ;  Parrointer,  H.  O.  B.  Peppercorn,  J.  664          660 

Lt.-Col  J.  F.  439  5^5  Pepys,    H.    Bp.  of  Pinsep,  M.  C.  86 

Oldmixon,  A.  328  Parrott,  J.  829, 684         Worcester,  679  Pitcher,  W.  682 

Olipbant,    S.    442 ;  Parry,  A.  ap  H.  99 ;  Perceval,  Mrs.  S.  A.  Pittock,  T.  £.  441 

W.  685  T.  M.  426                    184  Pizey,  M.  815 

Oliver,  A.  325;  A.  Parsons,    C.    6^S\  Percy,  Mrs.   S.   R.  Pizzy,  L.  S.  85 

M.  105  M.  216                         548  Plant,  Mrs.  M.  217 

Ooddeen,    Moulvee  Partridge,  L.  662 ;  Pering,  Capt  G.  H.  Piatt,  G.  218  : 

Maseeh,  427  Lt-CoL  S.  H.  215         186  Platter,  J.  827 

Oppenbeim,    £.  J.  Pasha,  H.Hami,561  Perkins,     F.    566;  Player,  C.  568, 680 

187  Pastrana,  J.  104              Mrs.  F.  813;  Mrs.  Playford,  S.  684 

Ord,  C.  427  Paterson,  Maj.  F.  S.        R.  818 ;  P.  S.  818  Pleydell,  M.  J.  188 

Orford,  F.  J.  188  822;  Mrs.  J.  318  Perriam,  C.  565  Plomer,  A.  G.  545 

Orlich,  Maj.  L.  von.  Patten,  V.  315  Perrott,  Dame  L.  A.  Plowden,  Mr.  104 

211  Patterson,  B.  106            106  Plowman,  Mrs.  W. 

Orme,  H.  565  Paul,  £.  425  Perry,  Lady,  428             T.  818 

Ormerod,  W.  P.  106  Paulet,  Mrs.  C.  N.  Persse,  W.  B.  814;  Pocock,  L.  A.  85 ; 

Osmond,    A.    187;  312                               W.N. 428                    Mrs. W.J. M. 812 

Mrs.  C.  185  Pavler,  M.  189  Fetch,  Mrs.  G.  424  Podmoxe,  W.  H.  186 

Otte,  J.  213  Payer,  M.  444  Peters,  £.  662 ;  £.  Pole,  M.  de  la,  662 

Otway,  £.314  Payler,  C.  C.  M.  426        L.  661  Foley,  H.  S.  681 

Outram,  F.  B.  549  Payn,  Mrs.  184  Petherick,  J.  210  Pollard,  Capt.  W.  J. 

Owen,  M.  K.  439 ;  Payne,  C.  189 ;  Mrs.  Peto,  Lady,  428               668 ;  Mrs.  84 

T.  105 ;  W.  88  A.  88  Petre,  Mrs.  G.  818  Follexfen,  Hit.  J.  J. 

Oxenford,  U.  683  Peach,  T.  H.  489;  Petty  -  Fitzmaurioe,        428 

Oxley,  A.  M.  218  W.  H.  189                   Lady  M.  547  Ponsonby,  A. E.218 

Pack,  Col.  A.  J.  R.  Peacock,  M.  489  Philipps,  Mm  J.  £.  Ponthieu,    Princess 

439;  Mr8.R.544;  Peale,  J.  568                    88                                 T.   ds  VisoMS  et 

T.  1 06  Pears,  Mrs.  659  Philips,  £.  85 ;  Mrs.        de,  544 

Packard,  £.  680  Pearse,  £.  685 ;  S.        G.  H.  659  Poole,  W.  S.  668 

Padwick,  M.  427  £.  102  Phillimon,    C.   B.  Podey,  J.  686 

Page,  C.H.  88;  M.  Pearson,  A.  825 ;  F.        817  Pom^    Capt  J.  A. 

A.  216 ;  S.  105  S.  0. 86 ;  L.  549 ;  Phiilippo,  E.  424            566 ;  &  548 

Paget,  A.  B.  426 ;  T.  547  Phillipps,   K.  817 ;  Popham,  Mrs.  B.  P. 

A.    £.    187;     C.  Pechell,     J.     684;        M.  565                         818 

5i7;  Mrs.  C.  441 ;  Vice- Adm.  Sir  G.  Phillips,  A.  L.  MZ  \  Portman,  Ens.  F.W. 

Mrs.    E.   A.  83;  R.  B.  214                     C.  189;  C.  D.  F.        B.  488, 448 

Mrs.  P.  L.  C.  660  Pedley,  J.  105;  Mrs.        816;  C-  G.  828s  Ponlson,  C.  824 

Palai8eau,M.de,439  T.  H.  185                     E.    441;     F.   C.  PowdreU,  M.  568 

Paley,A.87;  J.87;  Peel,  C.  A.  664 ;  F.        828;    H.   C.  W.  Powell,  A.  M.  446 1 

J.  G.565;  T.562  437;    Hon.  Mrs.        548;  J.  215                 B.  97;    Mrs.  G. 

Palmer,     Capt    T.  F.  88i  Phillott,  Mrs.  H.  R.        F.  S.  184 

546  ;   £.  684;  I.  Peele,  R.  680                   184  Power,  H.  E.  664; 

deC.85;  P.  189;  Pelham,    Lady   M.  Phillpotts,    C.    E.        Mrs.  D.  660;  Mrs. 

W.  J.  427  218                               548 ;  £.  S.  188            K.  M.  88 

Palmer  -  Sambome,  Pelham  -  Clinton,  Phiipotts,  Mrs.  185  Powles^  M.  A.  818 

Mrs.  R.  L.  428  Lady  C.  659  Plupps,  F.  H.  817  Pow]ey,Mra.M.  812 


Index  to  Names. 


ill 


■ 


rn«i»ll.  A. -IIR 

lti.1U.  M.  GSG 

B»ldl«d«i<,  H.  A 

Rnl.tii 

Pov«r,  M.  A.SMs 

R.i„,  P.  A.  (i84 

5tS 

do, 

t  106 

HaiiisHy.  E.  C.  18S 

Ri.iB«.y,  A.  -M.  lisa 

Roun< 

Pradme,    Connt    H. 

KaiiiMliU,  W.  678 

Hidirr,  C.  ♦2Sj  W 

ItotiM 

dc,  ini 

lUnmkill,  C.  32.> 

E.  439 

KoutI 

PraeH,  H.J.  M,  212 

Itnildiill.  E.  J.  8S; 

Ridley,  Mr..  W.  H 

Row, 

Pr»it.  Capl.    H.  H. 

J.  C.  (His 

600 

Koo-p, 

MS:  Ll.Co1.328 

Hand..lpli.C.S.317; 

RidoHt,  G.  V.  318 

Row!.: 

Pr..l-lUrlDw,    Mrs. 

11.4.19!  M.J.;i16 

Ridsdale,    Mrt.    G 

II. 

A.  83 

RniiKoii.,  W.  Il.;l1g 

6<>0 

n..y.  1 

PMIWn,  W.  543 

Hatlrav,  11.  S.  317 

Riedercr,    Ilaroneii 

ItiilER, 

Pf..d.-tl!Ml,     Capt. 

Itnvvu^liaw,    J.     11. 

H.  de,  GJ9 

Ru»ii| 

1^315 

428 

Rijthy,  K  6G1 

CoJ 

Pr.i.lice,  II.  317 

JlBwiun,  H.  6t:2 

Ril«y,  Mn.105;  V. 

Ruslic 

Prestun,    A.    o't.i  i 

Raycr.  F.  SVJ 

eo4 

ItuMC 

Mr».W.S.6iO 

lUvn,.r,C.  iS8 

Rimington,    L.     A 

(;g4 

Prelor.  E.  ISli 

Read,   A.   C.   429  1 

189 

Lad 

Prill-,  G.  (i(H  i    M. 

M.ot9j  w.ns 

Rivwa,  M.df,215 

M. 

A.  31S;  lU  SG2i 

Kea.le,  M.  323 

Rivtri,  l)o».  Lady. 

427 

T.  330 

Ri-dbcad,  &I.  44S 

4Hj  Mm.  H.  E. 

Ruoii 

Priile.iux,'W.lI.S48 

RmJ,  Caitii  F.J. 

S3 

£43 

Pridhaiii,  R  r.  (i83| 

SI7l    Mm.   <i62; 

Rw.  W.  K.  5G3 

Mqi 

K.  T.  85 

\V.  .128,  SVi 

Robarit,  E.  S.  lOfi 

Riithf 

Priu'tiiiiiii.  M.  428 

dc  Hcv'U  d'Oudtt- 

Ro1>crt>sA.a8ti  A. 

Ituil^i 

Primroie.    Hon.   F. 

F.  2IG  i  Cap).  J. 

W.2II 

A.  C.  b'84 

442iCoinm.-Geii. 

I.  V 

Pri»«;p,r.  L.3I8( 

Res.    C.   B.  CM  i 

P.  559  1  F.  E.  SO  I 

Rulioi 

ilr^CCi-H 

W.  J.  437 

G.   103!   J.  214, 

■lp,  ! 

Prior.    C-iit  J.   C. 

Rtk-lirl,  S.  880 

323,   559:    Maj.- 
r«n.  Sir   11.  fi. 

»ya.T, 

54S 

Reid,C.8tiiL.664i 

424 

ProdB^ni,  11.  IBS 

M.  428 

5G5;  R.8<l 

n>»c^ 

l'ra>,cr,  E.  T.  5tJ 

UdllUardl,    M.    M. 

Rolicnion,    E.    85, 

L.3 

i'rowBc,  Capl.  W.  J. 

Von,  IHS 

515 1   J.  548;   J. 

S.dd, , 

Slrh  J-  1I-42S 

Rciniiaiii,    Mn.  F. 

K.  S.  661 

Sa<ll,..r. 

Ptvor.  F.  H.  in 

W.  B43 

O.   f 

Pulhiiii,  <i.  ,54U 

Retidall.  W.  327 

SGOi  E.  4'.:8j   F. 

6lHi 

Piillrv.  M.  !ta 

lU-iitaiii?.  C.  U.444 

85  i    Hon.    Ladv, 

544 

Piilliii^-.  Mr'.  J.  313 

it.'i»iiiiw,  A.  mi 

5t3i  J.  fl61[   H. 

St.Gr. 

l'..,l.riclL,  I..W7 

lUnwict,  T.318 

3IG 

Saii,t.J 

l>iir.li.n,  W,  II.  188 

lUploii,  E.  321 

St.J..I,i 

Pur.o.1,  r.  H.31.ii 

Ui.>ar.li..  Mr«.  H.  D. 

G.  87' 

217 

J.  S.  31.i 

184 

St.  Lo, 

Puhhinan.  J.  (i.Gfil 

Hi<f.   11.  438.  SS9\ 

Mr..  11.312        ' 

Sali.bu 

Puny,  W.  (ii;2 

J.  It,  0(i2 

Rodgrni,  i:.  UU3 

of.  w 

Pycro".  *•■  -'^S 

Rii-h,  H.  (ISO 

Rot!<'r!^,  E.  547;  E. 

Salkvl'i 

Uu<:kL'I1.  EI.W.;;23; 

RicliirK   A.   682; 

J.I1.3>7;I1.427; 

Smlmor 

M.  A.  42- 

K.  W.  IS7i  Mn. 

J.88, 105  i  Lieut. 

54tii 

Quick,  A.  UN3j    .1. 

i:.   <i.  .112;    W, 

11.428;  \V.518 

ii.  Uli 

P.  S4.j 

H.  oni ,  w.  p. 

Rolff,  L.  C.  66i 

Sntniuii 

Quilitr,  II.  L.  (iS2 

214 

Rollc.   Moil  M.  G. 

Salter, 

Quill,  K  4-^H 

K.  548 

Samboi 

Jinhetl.  II.  438 

(;.J.:!18i  E.2I81 

Ridling.,     Mn.    J. 

88 

Hiidcliil",  A.  It.  SI. 

.1.   32(i.  4l(ii    H. 

(JNS 

S»mlcr 

C.tatti  J.C.nlUi 

1..    S)8(     M.    S. 

n..]t,p.  P.  217 

S.mp„ 

.Mrs.  VV.  C.  4-':i 

Kill  Mrii.M.3I3; 

Itomir,  M.  324 

G.'^V 

Raddyircf'.K.  ISrt 

.Mis.R.i;uil;Miu, 

Itiwke,  F.  J.  420 

Sain^oi 

Kadford,    C;ipt.    f. 

41.1:  T.I 88 

Roper,  F.  Om  1  G. 

Sandar 

6«3 

lli.'h.-S  J.  21U 

&Ht  M.  E.  18fi 

fi6» 

KndEtack,L.idf.Jlt 

H.i.|,iii™a,  Uukeof, 

Mn.  J.  W.  84 

Sandcn 

lU",  Mri*.  J.    [Si, 

(l,S2i  a.  tint 

HiHludrol,  M.  444 

iiaiider 

\V.  F.  127 

Ilivk,nrds,  F.  .320 

Rom..    V.    330,    R. 

SanJfo; 

HaiSfCoun.      Miirq. 

Hirkmaii.  E.  85 

L.  M.  330 

427 

>!<!,    till 

Itidadl.  11.  K.  439; 

nnu,..ll,  E.  M.  684 

Sandx, 

Raii.f,  C.  S.  HI5 

J.  IM% 

Ro..,  M.  F.  £62 

Sand*i 

itai»icr,  t'. 'I|.:l 

l:i.M]r,  E.  lOfi 

w.a 

Index  to  Names. 


711 


Sandys,  Lieut.-Gen. 

Lord,  218 
Sankey,  A.  M.  662  ; 

J.  H.  662 
Sapieha,     Princess, 

684 
Sarel,  J.  547 
Sargent,  A.  L.  427 
Satterthwaite,    Mrs. 

C.  313 
Saul,  6.  H.  663 
Sautez,  v.  546 
Saunders,  A.K.  315; 

F.    A.    84;     N. 

442;  R.829:  W. 

F.  84 
Saunderson,    C.   A. 

188;  Lady  C.  566 
Sauvageot,  M.  97 
Savage,  Mrs.  184 
Savile,    £.   B.  545; 

R.  B.  428 
Sawers,  Lieut.  J.  L. 

680 
Sayer,  E.  A.   187; 

E.J.  427;  L.  G. 

446  ;  Mrs.  F.  83 
Sayers,  Mrs.  G.  543 
Scaife,  G.  97 
Scales,  T.  213 
Scarisbnck,  C.  100 
Scharf,  G.  685 
Schloss,  Mrs.  S.  424 
Schoolcroflt,   M.   A. 

215 
Schreiber,     W.     F. 

323 
Scobell,  E.  97 
Scoons,  M.  A.  324 
Scott,  E.  317,683; 

Gen.    Sir    H.  S. 

213;  H.  187;  H. 

E.   98;    J.   548; 

Lady,  423;  Lady 

G.  L.  429;  Mrs. 
H.  185;  Mrs.  M. 
H.  424;  Mrs.  R. 
659;  R.  R.  544; 
S.  444;  W.  327 

Scroggs,     Mrs.     S. 

423 
Seacome,  G.  R.  1 08 
Seajirim,    A.    661 ; 

M.  C.  439 
Searle,    A.   T.   88; 

H.  H.  102 
Seely,  M.  318 
Selby,  J.  S.  D.  326 
Selwyn,  Mrs.  W.M. 

83 
Senhouse,  M.  664 
Senior,  J.  C.  681 
SerjeantsoQ,  W.  R. 

L.426 
Serocold,  C.  P.  664 


Serres,  E.  M.  664 
Seton,  W.  218 
Seveme,  £.  J.  189 
Sewell,  G.  563 
Seymour,  H.  J.  H. 

684;  J.  B£  662; 

Mrs.  F.  H.  184 
Shackel,  G.  547 
Shadforth,     H.    T. 

661 ;  M.  C.  661 
Shadwell,  E.D.443; 

Lieut.  J.  211 
Shafto,  G.  427 
Shaketpear,  L.  328 
Shannon,  £.  V.  86 
Shapland,  C.  £.  548 
Sharmau,  N.  P.  318 
Sharpe,  J.  321 ;  M. 

427;  M.  L.  818 
Shaw,  Capt.  561;  E. 

R.    814;    L    H. 

816;  J.  880,  566; 

Sir  J.  C.  K.  186 
Shelley,  T.  M.  428 
Shepherd,  A.  108; 

^  444 

Sheppazd,     H.    W. 

428;  T.  H.  681 
Sherlock,  Mrs.  818 
Sherson,    Lady    A. 

84 
Sherwood,  L.  86 
ShiUingford,  L.  442 
Shillito,  L.  827 
Shipton,  J.  688 
Shittler,  W.  R.  661 
Shore,  M.  C.  488| 

W.  H. 821 
Short,  L.  88 
Shuekburg,  Mn,  H. 

818 
Shuckburghy  W.  P. 

Shuter,  J.  A.  688 
Sham,  F.  817,  425 
Shate,  N.  H.  87 
Shatte,  K.  680 
Sibley,  £.  A.  828 
Sibthorp,   lira.  W. 

659 
Siddall,  O.  D.  88 
SiUery,  C.  F.  426 
Silver,  J.  B.  825 
Silvertop,  Heo.  Mrs. 

825 
Simeon,    J.    Lady, 

441  i  Lady,  818 
Simmons,   C.   101 ; 

J.  A.  104 
Simmt,  W.  218 
Simon,  M.  440 
Simons,  Mn.  W.'  B. 

659 
Siropkinion,  Mrs.  J. 

M.544 


Simpson,     B.     87 ; 

Capu  C.  R.  680; 

£.  686;    J.  4U, 

559;  J.  G.  547; 

Mig.  W.  H.  826 ; 

Sir  G.  445 
Sims,   Mrs.  H.  M. 

812 
Sinclair,  A.  £•  211 
Singleton,  C.F.  668; 

M.   J.    H.   661; 

W.  442 
Siston,  J.  684 1  W. 

688 
Sitwell,  Bow.  Lady, 

688;  £.  D.  825; 

L.318 
Skftate,  Mil.  681 
Skelmersdale,  Lord, 

818 
SkeltOB,  J.  100,210 
Skevington,  £.  427 
SUnner,    H.    218; 

Mrs.  J.  812 
Skiptoo,  D.  P.  818 
Skipwith,  Lady,  184 
Slack,  W.  102 
SUde,A.F.A.428; 

J.  97,  210 
Sladen,  J.  B.  688 
Sleigh,  A.  S.  425 
Slesaor,  £.J.  429 
Slingsby,  £.  L.  a 

815 
Smales,  H.  444 
Smallpeiet.  D.  081 
Smart,  £.  212 
Smith,  A.  W.  815  j 

Capt  C.  F.54»i 

D.87;  D.M.8I61 

D.  a546;  F.B. 

108;  H.  562;  J. 

684;  L.  £.  548; 

Lieut.F.  G.  442; 

M,   108;    M.    J. 

828;     M.    Lady, 

828;    Misa,  824; 

Mn.F.548;Mrt. 

J.  660;    Mrs.  J. 

H.  185 1  Mrt.  N. 

822;  S.  564;   S. 

B.   825;    8.    H. 

668;  W.681;  W. 

H.  186,  212 
Smith-NoUl,  W.  J. 

815 
Smyrk,  Mn.  C.  F, 

185 
Smythe,  Dow.  Ladty, 

880;  Mft.600 
Snelly    ComuL    W, 

211 
linody,  X  M.  48S 
Snow,  H.  426 
SoiOMS,  U.  5|t 


Soane.  G.  218 
Sola.  F.  442 
Solly,  Mrs.  £.  544 
Soluu,  F.  G.  826 
Somerset,  Lady  C. 

106;  Mrs.  P.  428 
Somenrille,  Dr.  W. 

214;Mn.S.659; 

Righr  Hon.    Sir 

W.  M.  661 
Somhoe,    Mrs.    H* 

812 
Sortain,  J.  824 
Soathampton,  Ladj 

H,682 
Sonthoomb,      Mn. 

217 
SouthgmtOj  Mr.  212 
S<kithwdl,  .  M.    B. 


Soworby,  H.  814 
SpMk,  F.  A.  188 
Sparkea,  M.  186 
Spenee,  Lieat^CoL 

Sponisor,  C.  L.  E. 

189;  £.  C.  547; 

F.  LC.  189;  W. 

547  . 
Sperling,  A.  G.  661 
Spioer,    Mrs.   544  s 

MrkN.185|Mrt. 

W.  W.84 
Spooner»  Mn.  827 
Sprigg^  H.  488 
Spry,   A.  F.   825| 

-M.217 
SpnigiMai  jr.  A*  426 
8q«fa%  £.  F,  87 
Staflbrd,  J.  546 
Stninferd,  6.  98 
Stainlbrth,  O.  108 
StaUibrata,  J.  562 
Sumford,  F.  86;  J. 

W.  664;  M.566: 
Stattitr.Biod«,F.8f 
Stauifortb,  Mia.  W. 

Stanley,    Lady    B. 

548;  r.C.428 
StepylCon,  Mn.  B» 

C.  184 
Starr,  Capt  S.  H. 

186 
Staana,  L  816 
StobMnsb  B.  815 
Stedman,  L.  85 
Sleodnuui,  B.  A«87 
vtooiOf  Capt  F.  8* 

545;  B.  561, 681 
•St^mtte,   Dr.  H. 

187 
Stents  S.  681 
Sttpheoaon,  F.  688 1 

Lady,  184 


Index  to  Names. 


II 


Sicveni,  M.  E.  546 

Slevenson.J.  L.  85i 

M.  M.  545 !  S.  A. 


Stewart,  Cant.  C.  T. 

51(1;  C.  k  SIS; 

1).   99:    J.  210; 

W.  F.616 
Rlickiicy,  H.SI5 
Siicriienian,    U.    I. 


Still,  C«p[.J.i:.427 

Slillwcll,  J.  IU4 
Siirliug,  C»pt.  J.  F. 


Sumpner,  J.  318 
Siillivin,J.  S.  GSI 
SundtTland,  M.  SGO 
Surleo,  A.  E.  084 
SuKse,  BnrOD  dc  Is, 

439 
Sulcr.  A.  I).  317 
Su(hi.'Tla.id,Mrt.W. 

P.  185 
SultoD,  K.  6SS  ;  G. 

E.<i(i4i  J'.  213 
Swnbv,  Mn.  O.  185 
Sonnn,   C.  S.  540 ; 

Mn.  It.  312 
Snnntlun,  J.  215 
Switmaii,  F.  G81 


Thompioii,    B.    B. 

683  i  C.  323  i  £. 

424  j  E.  E.  565; 

K.   U.   18ti|    H. 

684;  J.  H.  S4», 

Mrt.   544;    Mn. 

A.  218;  Hn.  G. 

312;Mri.R.423; 

T.330;  T.A.85; 

W.  189 
ThniniaD,E.C.lM; 

J.  A.  448;  M.J. 

Thorn,  L.  314 
Thomhill,  E.  88 

)ft,     Min, 


StoltcrColil,  11.  88 
Stone,   a.  E.  ^64; 

J.  M 
Sloprotd.  Maj.  329 
Htori'j,W.J.C.  106 


Talbnt,    Han.    Col. 

548;  J.  G.  316; 

Mrs.  R.  83;    W. 

\V,  .139 
Tiilfurd,  M.  E.  547 


Stnt)'.  R.  323 
Storv-Maskclyn,  1 
M'.  I(.  R.  6U2 


Tancn 


I,  M.  I 


T>3 


,  H.W 


330 


■,  II.  212 
Tarlton.  T.  H.  425 
Tatkcr.  II.  GU2 
Talc,    C.     lUI;     J. 
32li;   Mrt.  C.  11. 


SloTcll,  II.  M.  428 
Slnnr.  \V.  326 
Slraillinii,  C.  S(l 
Sirafllrld,  A.  314 
Siralluid.  C'ti'ss  at, 

(ililJ;    Kai'lcf,  105 
Slrrtiiftways,    K.    S. 

56:! 
SircatfL-ild,  Mm.  H. 

I),  423;  W.  97 
Streatficld,    E.    W. 

¥!» 
StriTt.  M.  427 
Struilicr,    A.     214; 

-M.  K.  517 
SiriiYiT.  K.  A.  +2(! 
Stuarl.Cipt.H.  1(16; 

C<}\.  (i.  104;    H. 

127;  Mrt.   C.  F. 
:  Mrs.  W.  5 14 


Tatl»i 


,  Mr>.  R.  R. 


Bvlur,  CipL  II.  W. 
ill5;E.  101,317; 
1'.     E.     441;    J. 


Tciiiijfian,  A.  65 
TiTr)-,J.  515 
Tescliemaki't.  II. H. 


Stliri.'p,  L.  S 

Stun,  Cnpt.  H.   R, 

CMl;    F.    M.   H. 

(iKO 
Sudlns,  A.  186;  J. 

A.  18(1 
Suudiin,  Mr^  V.  659 
.Simmer,  A.  II-  86; 

Mr^  J.  M.  543 


Tlired,  E.  R.  189 
Tlii-obald,  A.  54« 
Tlii>niB«,A.G.  217; 

E.    410;    L.    A. 

314;  Mn.  F.  W. 


TkUw 

Trrmi 

Treina 

Lad 

Treori 
TreroT 


439 
Thornton,  A.J.JlSi 

S.  W.  6S(J 
TlionitoD,  E.  8S 
Thoipe.J.  213;  R. 

O.  T.  316 
Thrasby,  £.  h.  185 
Tlmml^,  J.  H.  10* 
Tli>ir>fic)d,  H.  565 
Tilibits,M.315!Mra. 

J.  423;  R.  315 
Tickcll,  MiJ.  H.  S. 

682 
Tkhe,  J.  A.  L.  S7  ) 

Lady  K.  84 
Tilburj-,  C.  1S» 
Timbnll,   CipU   C. 

W.  1U3 
Timm,  J.  684 
Unson,  M.  87 
Tofiy.Mr*.G.J.fi43 
Todd,  M.   E.   SIS, 

54(1 
Tulcliet,  II.  1.  547 
Toll,  Mr>.H.L.  059 
Tollcmachc,     Lad; 

E.  659 
Toller,  3.  101 
I'oiiiliici,  A.  M.  441 
Tomlin,  S.  Y.  662 
Tone,  M.  £,  12S 
1'anirii,  A.  443 
Toogood,  O.  549 
Toone,  J.  333 
Toor(y.E.428;  E. 

G.  428 
Torr,  T.  B.  315 
Totren*,  J.  S.  105 
Toumelle,  A.  do  U, 

Tovey,  E.J.  817 
Towle,  J.  99t     W, 

H.  323 
Tovniend,    L.     M. 

545;  S.  F.  A.  18S 
Townith«id,C.J.54« 
Toicr,  F.  188 
Tr*fiard,LadTA.d* 

83,543 


103 
Tuckei 

S.  V 
Tufnel 

J.5^ 
Tuke, 

Mn 
Tulloc 
Tulloh 
Tully, 


II. 

V.J 

Turtor 
TuKor 

V.S 
Twcdd 
Twvtd 
Tveml 
T-igg, 
Tylden 
Tyntc, 

44U 

Uoder 
Uitelt. 
Uiithk 
Vphui 
Upplel 

I).  I 

1K6 

Uiher, 

U  It  Icy 


«4S 

Vallin 
Vande 

sag 

Tardo 


Index  to  Names. 


713 


Varley,  W.  661 
Vatimesnil,  M.  685 
Vaughan,  E.  S.  429, 

545,   560;    J.  M. 

425 
Vauvert,  Mons  de  B. 

de,  99 
Vavasour,M.W,186 
Vavasseur,  F.  439 
Vaux,  E.  104 
Veale,  P.  C.  106 
Venn,Mrs.  E.S.659 
Vernon,    Hon.   Mrs. 

G.  184;   Lady  II. 

185;    Mrs.  D.  V. 

543 
Vesev,  lion.  Mrs.  A. 

218 
Vicars,  Mrs.  W.  H. 

313 
Vickcrs,  T.  E.  86 
Vigne,   J.  M.   315; 

T.  A. 315 
Villiers,  Hon.  Lady 

A.  318 
Vincent,  B.  E.  664 
Virtue,  F.  A.  316 
Vivian,  Hon.  M.  C. 

M.  664 
Vulliamy,II.E.323 
Waddell,  A.  186 
"Waddington,    S,  A. 

187;  S.  E.  186 
Wadham,  E.  5^6 
Wait,  A.  A.  W.  425 
Wake,  H.  C.  318 
Waldram,W.N.3I7 
Waldron,  H.  548 
Walker,    A.    E.   M. 

188;  C.  A.  424; 

C.  G.  425  ;  C.  H. 

429;    G.214;    H. 

106;   H.  C.  314; 

Hon.  Ladv,  544; 

J.  548;  J.B.563; 

L.  C.  547  ;   Mrs. 

185;    R.    H.    88; 

W.  438 
Wall,  E.  562 
Wallace,  M.  562 
Waller.   Dr.  E.  88; 

G.546 
Wallis,  J.  J.  316 
Walli8ford,F.D.661 
Walmesley,  J.  325 
Wahnisley,  Mrs.  H, 

184 
Walter,  H.  186 
Walton,  C.  B.  426  ; 

F.   I.   314;   Mrs. 

84 
Wandesforde,    Hon. 

C.  II.  U.  0.8.684 
Warburton,  J.  680 
Warcup,T.C.E.209 

GzyT.  Mag.  Vol. 


Ward,  E.  F.  A.  86 ; 

1.214;     Lt.-Col. 

J.  566;    Mrs.   E. 

M.    185;   T.    M. 

188;   T.   P.  104; 

W.  F.  438 
Warde,  E.  212 
Warden,  G.  W.  218 
Ware,   C.  88,   317; 

Mrs.  H.  J.  659 
Warlters,  M.  429 
Wannoll,  E.  E.  314 
Warre,  J.  A.  686 
Warren,  A.  M.  546  ; 

C.  K.662;  L.  86 ; 
R.663;T.R.  187 

Warry,  G.  D.  662 
Waterhouse,  W.  H. 

661 
Waters,  E.  189 
Watkins,  M.  M.  683 
Watney,  D.  429 
Watson,     A.      106; 

Capt.  R.  B.  217; 

E.330;E.J.439; 

F.  316;  J.  84; 
W.  186,  217;  W. 

G.  438 
Watson  -  Taylor, 

Lady  C.  185 
Watt,A.315;  J.322 
Watts,   E.  H.  314; 

J.  545  ;  L.  L.  547 
Wauchope,  H.  E.  F. 

429 
Waugh,  Mrs.  E.  544 
Wavell,    Maj.-Gen. 

217 
Way,  L.  J.  546 ;  M. 

1.546 
Waylen,  C.  314 
Way  mouth,  C.  661 
Weale,  M.  425 
Wedgwood,  Lt.-Col. 

68  i 
Wedlake,  K.  I.  86 
Weeke8,W.H.C.548 
Webb,   Capt.  D.  P. 

187;    Hod.   Mrs. 

F.  312;   M.  442. 
Webster,  B.D.  329; 

J.  440;  Mrs.  330; 

Mrs.  T.  424 
Welby,  A.  429 
Welch,  Capt.  E.  547 
Weller,  L.  L.  315 
Wellington,  S.  4J6 
Wells,    C.    F.  568; 

D.  214;  H.C.  B. 
315;  L.  K.  218; 
S.  S.  446 ;  T.  F. 
26 

Welsh,  R.  A.  425 
Wemyss,     Lt.-Gen. 
324 

CCIX. 


Wenlock,  Lady,  660 
Went,  M.  E.  661 
Wentworth,  Lady  II. 

423 
West,  Capt.  Hon.  W. 

E.    S.    317;     E. 

681;  H. 85;  Lady 

A.    D.    S.    646; 

Mrs.  E.  215  ;  R. 

565 ;  T.  547 
Westmoreland, 

C'tessof,  543;  R. 

519 
Weston,    H.     218 ; 

Maj.  G.  663 
Whalley,  G.  B.  561 ; 

Mrs.  E.  562 
Wharton,  M.  B.  D. 

101 
Wheble,     Lady    C. 

423 
Wheeler,  W.  425 
Wheeley,  C.  S.  661 
Wheelhouse,  C.  664 
Wheldon,H.  H.445 
Whetham,  S.  216 
Whichelo,H.M.426 
Whistler,  J.  100 
White,  A.  317;   E. 

L.  E.84;  J.  102; 

L.  441;   M.  315; 

Mrs.  L.  184;  Mrs. 

L.  B.  313  ;  M.  A. 

88;    R.  546;    S. 

683;  T.J.  546 
Whitehead,  J.  684 
Whitehouse,  £.   M. 

Whiteley,  G.  562 
Whiteman,  A.  J.3I4 
Whiteside,  A.  C.  88 
Whiteway,  S.  547 
Whitliug,  C.  C.  662 
Whitlocl^  Mrs.    G. 

S  544 
Whitmarsh,  J.  105 
Whittaker,  G.L.  E. 

188 
Whitun,Mr8.J.423 
Whittell.  Mrs.  J.  W. 

660 
Whitter,  W.  W.  86 
Whittle,  E.  H.427; 

M.  325 
Wliitty,  A.  664 
Whyte,  C.  M.  684 
Wickham,H.J.  315 
Wicklow,C.F.  C'tess 

of,  217 
Widdicombe,     Mrs. 

312 
Widdrington,  A.  L. 

684 
Wigan.  Mrs.  F.  544 
Wiggle8worth,£.662 


Wightman,   W.    A. 

189 
Wigraro,  Mrs.  J.  R. 

660;  Mrs.  M.  660 
Wilbraham,  Mrs.  R. 

W.  428 
Wilcock,  H.  546 
Wild,  H.  85;  J.  87; 

L.   561;     W.  T. 

679 
Wildash,  J  317 
Wilde,  Lt.  E.  217 
Wilford,  E.  682 
Wilkinson,     A.    E. 

186;  A.M.  546; 

C.  186;    E.  661; 

E.H.85;Lt.-Col. 

H.  G.  817;  Lt- 

Col.  F.   G.  549; 

P.  563;  P.  S.  188 
Willes,  E.  M.  546 
Willett,C.  W.  429 
Williams,  C.R.  681; 

E.  565  ;  E.  H.  L. 

325;     H.   E.  T. 

427;  J.  101,  186, 

827;J.R.662;M. 

188;Mr8.  L.424; 

Mrs.   W.  F.  84; 

S.  86,  684  ;  S.  A. 

439 
Willis,   Lt-Col.   F. 

A.  429 
Willock,   C.    F.  86; 

Lady,  684 
Willoughby,     Capt. 

£.  326  ;   Mrs.  £. 

84 
Wills,  C.  R.  425 
Willshire,  C.  S.547 
Wilmot,  M.   A.   F. 

428;  P.M.  816 
Wilson,  Dr.  R.  329 ; 

£.425;Lady,212; 

Mrs.  F.  M.423; 

Mrs.  G.  424;  Mrs. 

J.  J.  84;  Mr8.W. 

318,  423 
Wilton,  A.  425  ;  W. 

681 
Winder,  R.  C.  85 
Windle,  Mrs.  A.  423 
Wingate,  Mrs.  428 
Winterbotham,  Mrs. 

L.  W.  660 
Winthrop,Mr8.G.88 
Wintle,  J.  b^Q 
WintOD,  G.  de,  213 
Wintour,  Mrs.  C.  N. 

812 
Winwood,  P.  A.  549 
Wippell,  R.  85 
Wire,  Mr.  Aid.  684 
Witliington,     CapL 

186 

4  Q 


714 


Topographical  Index. 


Wix,  R.  H.  E.  88 
Wodehouse,     Lady, 

5(3 
Wood,   A.  213;    A. 

M.  647;    A.  W. 

212;Capt.H.106; 

C.  818;    E.:681; 

F.I.  426;  H.  87, 

661  ;    J.  G.  315; 

R.  H.  86  ;  R.  M. 

442;  S.  681 
Woodburn,       Maj.- 

Gen.  A.  680 
Woodcock,  M.  661 
Wood  {irate,   Mrs.  G. 

S.  424 
Woodman,  J.  663 
Woodruff,  E.  217 
Woodward,  A.  663; 

F.  679  ;   H.  428  ; 

L.  M.  426  ;  P.  A. 

330 


Woolley,  O.  103  ; 
Wootton,  G.444 
Workman,  M.  103 
Worsley,  E.  323 ;  II. 

437;  P.  W.  426 
Worthinpfton,    Capt. 

J.  Y.  645;  M.  E. 

649 
Wortley,  Hon.  Mrs. 

J.  S.  543 
Wranghain,  D.  217 
Wren,  A.  213 
Wrench,  J.  G.  210 
Wrey.  A.    H.    446; 

Mrs.  B.  W.  T.  84 
Wright,  A.  C.  661 ; 

C.  C.  O.  T.  428 ; 

J.  E.   186;  J.W 

Z.88;Mrs.  B.660 
Wrottesley,  J.  Dow. 

Lady,  663 
Wyatt,    Miss,  217; 


Mn.  A.  544;  Mrn. 

R.H.543 ;  W.  104 
Wyld,  Capt.  B.  560 
Wylde,  C.448;    E. 

S.439 
Wylie,  J.  L.  186 
Wyllie.  Mrs.  R.  84 
Wynch,  J.  W.  428 
Wyndham,  Mrs.  A. 

312;Hon.  P.  549, 

661 ;  Gen.  Sir  H. 

328 
Wynne,  Capt.  C.  B. 

187;  G.  H.  546; 

Mrs.  C.  J.  185  :  S. 

101;  W.  W.  559 
Wynniatt.  R.  659 
Wvon,  M.  103 
Yate,  C.  679 
Yates,  E.  41^2 
Yearsley,  W.  439 
YelvertoD,  Hon.  A. 


M.     189; 
Mrs.  W.  83 
Yeo,  Mrs.  A. 
Yeoman,    Lai 

B.  446 
Yetta,  J.  L.  4 
Yolland.Mrs.' 
Yonge,   H.  3 

A.  427 

Yorke.LadyE 

Youldon,  A.  I 

Young,   A.  S 

E.4-29;£.] 

II.  A.  663: 

186:   J.  F 

Airs.   (i.  .^ 

S.  S.  86 ;   ^ 

Younger,  Mr 

Younghusban 

106;   Mr?. 

Zychlinski.L 

de  Z.  662 


TOPOGRAPHICAL  INDEX. 


I       : 


J        . 


i        ■ 


) 


Africa ;  Cherchell,  245  ;  Constantine,  245; 
Egypt,  626;  Thebes,  142. 

America:  JJrozil,  310;  Fredericton,  148; 
Ottawa,  1 17. 

Asia:  Brisbane,  147;  Colombo,  148;  Syria, 
249. 

Europe:  Aix-la-Chapelle,  147;  Amiens, 
46h  G34;  Aiijuu,  623;  Berlin,  147; 
Bordeaux,  355;  lioiilogne,  143,  463; 
Burgundy,  465 ;  Cab:irn,  358 ;  Calais, 
233;  Castile,  418;  Cheapin^'havcn,  119, 
597  ;  Cherbourg,  40,  222,  452 ;  Cologne, 
575 ;  Constantinople,  147 ;  Dresden, 
151;  Dunkirk,  2,  110;  Kstampos.  526; 
France,  159,  250,  364,  406,  453,  624; 
Franclort,  3(i5 ;  Geneva,  364;  Germany, 
671;  Grenoble,  465;  Guienne,  620; 
Hamburg,  13,  147;  Hnrfleur,234  ;  Ice- 
land, 5i)8  ;  Italy,  250,  481;  Lary,  603; 
Lille,  166;  Lyons,  577;  Maine,  623; 
Mayence,  576  ;  MouUns,  476  ;  Navarre, 
418;  Normandy.  248;  Nuremberg,  151, 
227;  Orleans,  526;  Paris,  623;  I'uy- 
normancl,  35!) ;  Poitou,  252,  623 ; 
Rhein)s,  623;  Hign,  17;  Rions,  359; 
Unino,  376,  51  f,  535,  570;  Roquefort, 
357;  Rotterdam,  626;  Jiussia,  142; 
Sweden,  449;  Switzerland,  585 ;  Toulon, 
603;  Toulouse,  68;  Touruine,  623; 
Treves  575;  Troycs,  169;  Turkey,  13; 
Upsala,  596;  Wanj;tn,  5S.S;  Warsaw, 
13 

Anf(tt'8ca:  Beauma^i^!,  IKS,  lf)L  II»5,  620; 
Llant'achraelli,  4h9 ;   PeuriMM..  188,197 


Bedfordshire:  Stevington,  361 
Berkshire:  Readinj^  Abb«y,  51  ;  W 

ford,  143;  Windsor,  IG,  252 
Buckinghamihire :  Aylesbury,  396  ; 

ingham,  3115;  Eton,  620  ;    Litll 

low,  617;  Newport  Pagnell,  3115 ; 

396 
Cambridgcthire :    Canibrid|^y   45 

123,   147,  407.  484,   620;    YAm 

Ely.  147.  464  ;  Ely  Cathedral,  5 
Carmarthenshire:  Carmarthen,  494 
Carnarvonshire:  Aber,   4{)2 ;    Uangc 

492,  500,  501 :  Caernarron.  4bi 

Conway.  488,  494,  620 ;   Llandejj 

501  ;  Penmaen,  49 1  ;   Snowdon. 
Cheshire:  tieeston,  71  ;    Cheater,  i; 
Cornwall:  Pcndennis  Caatle,  6 '>9  • 

lumb,  147  "    ' 

Denbighshire:    Chirk,    494;      Holi 

Ruthin,  67  ;  Wrexham,  494 
Derbyshire  :  Scarcliflf,  289  ;   S teeth 

308;  Whitwell,  289 
Devonshire :    Bickleigh,    629 :     Bla 

627  ;  Dartmoor,  535  ;   Kxeter,  6 

sam.  628 ;    Modbury,   629 ;    Spj 

627;  Tavistock,  639;   Torr,  62i 

rington,  617 
Dorsetshire :  Dorchester,   66,   620 ; 

borne,  29,  145 
Durham :  Durham,  51,1 44,  1I6,  1 4 

Gateshead,  43  ;  Lancheatcr,  518 
Esses:    Colchester.     626;     Tilbui 

Tiltcy  Abbey.  52*;    Walthain 

45 


^ 


Topograpfn^al  Index. 


715 


Flintshire :  Flint,  494 ;  Hawarden,  494  ; 
Rhuddlan,  494 

Glamor gau shire  :  Bonvilstone,  145  ;  Caer- 
philly, 494;  Cardiff,  145;  Ewenny,  66; 
Margam,  66;  Rheola  Park,  394 ;  Swan- 
sea, 494 

Gloucestershire :  Ampney  St.  Mary,  266 ; 
Ashel worth,  350  ;  Bedminster,  394 ; 
Berkeley,  2;  Berkeley  Caitle,  278,  337, 
344 ;  Beverston,  263,  344,  346  ;  Bishop's 
Cleeve,  283;  Bourton-on-the-Water,621; 
Bristol,  147  ;  Calcot,  263,  347  ;  Camp- 
den,  350  ;  Church  Stanway  House,  353 ; 
Cirencester,  2,  264.  266,  352;  Coaley, 

352  ;  Crumhale,  344  ;  Culverden,  344  ; 
Dean  Forest,  279  ;  Deerhurst,  2,  262, 
347,  622  ;  Down  Amney  House,  352 ; 
Dursley,  263,  350;  Dyrham,  264;  Fair- 
ford,  2,  266  ;  Frocester,  263  ;  Goodrich, 
2;  Gloucester,  2,  256,  260,  267,  335,  339, 
350,  352,  417,  617;  Hales,  6214  HiRh- 
nam  Court,  266 ;  Horton,  336,  353 ; 
Iron  Acton,  361 ;  Leckhampton,  351  ; 
Leonard  Stanley,  263 ;  Little  Sodbury, 

353  ;  Llantony  Abbey,  350 ;  Meysey 
Hampton,  266 ;  Newent,  351  ;  Nibley, 
351  ;  llodmarton,351  ;  Ruardean,  344, 
351  ;  St.  Briavel's,  2 ;  St.  Briavel's 
Castle,  338 ;  Sedbury,  280 ;  Slym- 
bridge,  263 ;  Southam  House,  353 ; 
South  Comey,  353 ;  Standish,  347 ; 
Stanley  Pontlarge,  347;  Stroud,  351; 
Sudelev,  2  ;  Sudeley  Castle,  282,  351 ; 
Tetbnry,  347  ;  Tewkesbury,  2,  66,  261 ; 
Thornliury,  2,  278 ;  Thornbury  Castle, 
353  ;  Ulfybury,  262  ;  Wanswell  Court, 
278,  347  ;  Whitenhurst,  344  ;  Winch- 
comb,  283  ;  Winchcombe,  344  ;  Yate, 
3^3,  344 

Hampshire :  Carisbrooke,  453  ;  Christ 
Church,  51  ;  Isle  of  Wight,  872,  451, 
453;  Netley  Abbey,  110,  147;  Ports- 
mouth, 453  ;  Winchester,  144 
Ilereforthhire :  Goodrich,  281,  467;  Here- 
ford, 147  ;  Leominster,  51,  260 
Hertfordshire:  Therfield,  148;  Verulam,  149 
Huntingdonshire:  Brington,  145 
Kent:  Alkham,  289;  Barfreston,  289; 
Canterbury,  142,  409,  480;  Cobham 
Hall,  141 ;  Coldred,  289;  Cuxton,  141 ; 
Dandcley,  241;  Deptford,  14;  Dover, 
2,  147,  222,  285,  394,  624;  Elmley, 
214;  Feversham,  238 ;  Greenwich,  378 ; 
Ilarty,  244;  Leysdown,  244;  Lulling- 
stone,  142;  Lyminge,  479;  Meopham 
Court,  145  ;  Minster,  238  ;  Neats  Court, 
211  ;  Queenborougli,  237  ;  Sheemess,  16, 
2;J8;  Sheppey,  237;  S ibberts, wold,  289 ; 
Tenterden,  43;;  Thanet,  394,  533  ;  War- 
den, 21-4 
Lancashire  :  Furness  Abbey,  398  ;  Knows- 
Icy,  123;  Littleborough,  173,  Liver- 
pool, 398  ;  Manchester,  147, 176  ;  More, 
624;  Preston,  29:  Rochdale,  172; 
Stubley,  172 


Leicestershire:  Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  631; 
Gilmorton,  510  ;  Higham  Ferrars,  361 ; 
Kibworth,  394,  510;  Kirby  Bellars,  361 ; 
Leicester,  151,  398,  510,  631;  Melton 
Mowbray,  29;  Owston,  510;  Rothley, 
361;  Soar  Mill,  398;  Thorpe  Arnold, 
361 

Lincolnshire :  Little  Cawtborpe,  145  ;  Lin- 
coln, 289,  459,  640;  South  Carlton,  146 

Merionethshire  :  Harlech,  620 ;  Plas-Ne- 
wydd,  499 

Middlesex:  Aldersgate,  535;  Canonbury, 
624;  Fulham,  143;  Hackney,  651; 
Hammersmith,  146;  Highgate,  14; 
Hyde-park,  41;  Islington,  624;  Lon- 
don, 14,  68,  170,  176,  223,  229,  253, 
380,  412,  624,  625;  Newgate,  140; 
Paddington,  394 ;  Pentonville,  146  ; 
Pinner,  143;  Smithfield,  51;  Sunbury, 
394;  Westminster,  33,  146,  160,  168, 
293,  464,  623 ;  Whitehall,  385 

Monmouthshire:  Chepstow, 284, 495 ;  Coed 
Ithel,  281>;  Newport,  145;  Tintern,  284 

Norfolk:  Cley-next-the-Sea, 68,71;  King's 
Lynn,  258;  Norwich,  5 1,  258 ;  Shelton, 
532;  Snettisham,  72;  Stow  Bardolph, 
624;  Waybourne,  66,  68;  Wymond- 
ham,  66 

Northamptonshire:  Bamack, 510;  Catesby, 
510;  Fotheringhay,  67;  Horton,  510; 
Islip,  510;  Mears  Ashby,  146;  Naseby, 
260;  Northampton,  510,  511;  Oundle, 
631;  Peterborough,  147,  510;  Raunds, 
510;  Sutton  Basset,  510;  Stoke  Bru- 
enie,  510;  Tiffield,  510 ;  Weedon,  510  ; 
Wellingborough,  510 

Northumberland:  Benwell,  248;  Borrow- 
ton,  292;  Brinkburn,  147;  Corbridge, 
518;  H«xham,  154,  399,  518;  High 
Rochester,  251  ;  Otterburn,  518;  New- 
castle, 43,  246,  248,  250,  291,  399,  518» 
632;  Warden,  402 

Nottinghamshire:  Welbeck  Abbey,  289; 
Worksop,  289,  308 

Oj^ordshire:  Hockmorton,  625;  Oxford, 
122,  145,  146,  147,  170,  612,  619,  656  ; 
Westwell,  336 

Pembrokeshire :  Monnington,  145 ;  St.  Da- 
vid's, 67 ;  St.  Dogmael,  493 

Radnorshire :  Disserth,  394 

Rutlandshire:  Ketton,  510;  Manton,  118; 
Preston,  118;  Ridlington,  118  Seaton, 
118;  Stoke,  Dry,  118;  Uppingham, 510, 
631;  Wardley,  118 

Salop :  Acton  Burnell,  2  ;  Atcbam,  392 ; 
Battlefield,  2  ;  Benthall-hall,  387  ;  Bit- 
terley,  334;  Bridgnorth,  394;  Bosco- 
bell,  2,  388 ;  Broseley,  471  ;  Buildwas, 
471  ;  Buildwas  Abbey,  2,  387 ;  Caer 
Caradoc,  468;  Church  Stretton,  467; 
Clee  Hills,  473;  Coalbrook-dale,  471; 
Dawley,  470:  Haughmond  Abbey,  2; 
Hopton,474;  Lilleshall,  2,  388;  Lililey, 
2;  Linley-hall,  389;  Ludlow,  2,  388, 
515;    Lydbury,  334;    Old  Park,  475; 


716 


Topographical  Index. 


Powis  Castle,  388  ;  Shelve,  2 ;  Shelve- 
liill,  389;  ShifTnal,  2,  388,  389;  Slirewa- 
bury,  2.  143,  171,3«fi;  Stokesay  Castle, 
2,  388;  Strctton-in-the-Dale,  469; 
Tong,  2,  388;  ^Venlock,  2;  Wenlock 
Abbey,  387  ;  White  Ladies,  2  ;  Wroxe- 
ter,  2,  143,284,  390. 

Somersetshire  i  A8hiiigton,414;  Bath,  264; 
Bradford,  262;  Brockley  Combe,  509; 
Bucklaiid,  503;  Cadbury  Camp,  501- ; 
Chelvey,  508;  Clapton,  507;  Clevtdon, 
502;  Clevcdon  Court,  504;  Congres- 
bury,  509;  Duuhter,  66;  Nailsea,  508; 
Nailsea  Court,  507 ;  Porlbury,  506 ;  Por- 
tishead,  506;  South  Brent,  414;  Tick- 
enham,  505 ;  Walton,  506 ;  Wellow, 
262;  Wells,  43,  464,  624;  Westou,  506, 
Wookey,  265;  Wrington,  509;  Yatton, 
509. 

Staffordshire:  Ilamstall,  632;  Lichfield, 
1  17,  409,  631. 

Suffolk:  Healings,  Great,  635;  Bury  St. 
Kdmund's,  63;  Grundishurgh,  637; 
Iladleigh,  135,  618;  Hintlesham  Priory, 
143;  Playfoni-hall,  635  ;  Seckford-hall, 
635  ;  Woodbridge,  634. 

Surrey:  Cliipstfad,  15 h  Croydon,  146; 
Giitton,  15^;  Lambeth,  522;  Merstham, 
625;  lleigate,  154,  155,  156;  W^ootton, 
624. 

Sussex:  Aldrington,  537,  538;  Arundel, 
67,  537  ;  Bodiaiii  Castle,  537 ;  Chiches- 
ter.  145,  147.  165,  258;  Danny,  638; 
Ditchling,  637;  Hastings,  414;  Herst- 
monceux  Castle,  404 ;  Keymcr,  638 ; 
Lewes,  538,  637;  Pevensey,  403;  Ro- 
bertsbridge  Abbey,  537;  Rustington, 
145;  Rye,  452;  Tarring,  West,  579; 
Westh.im,  403;  Winchelsea,  258 ;  Uck- 
field,  537. 

Warwickshire:    Baginton,    625;    Ilawkt- 
bury,  145. 


WilUhire:  Box,  143;  Eddingloii,  1{ 
Malmesbur7,260;  North  Wrudull,! 
Salisbury,  464. 

Worcestershire:  Bewdley,  110;  C 
Honeybonm,  145;  Euthuiit  S;  H 
cester,  42,  64,  139,  147,  157,  15t. 

Yorkshire:  Beverley,  21,  29;  Bon^ 
bridge,  418;  Doncatter,  622;  F« 
tains  Abbey,  292 1  Gristhorpc,  i 
Halifax,  145.  146,  147 ;  UowdcB,  i 
Hull,  29;  Ingmanthorp,  SI ;  Laaith 
290;  Norttiii  Conyeri.  30;  Pontcfi 
29, 292 ;  Ripley  Caatle.  30;  RipoB.2 
Roche  Abbey,  290,  308 1  Seubom 
29,  417  i  Selby,  639  ;  Sherburat.  I 
Steeton-ha11,73:  Swale.ha]l,32;  Thi 
Salvin,  290 ;  Whitby  Abbey,  20;  7 
20,  29,  30,  32,  222,  292,  385,  401, ; 
610. 

Scotland:  Auch1euchriea>  12 r  Aod 
maimie,403 ;  Bannockbum,  518 ;  Ch 
connon,  153;  Catrail,  291;  Cam 
trees.  149;  Edinburgli.  369,  401; 
gin,  624;  Forfarshire,  153,403;  0 
gow,  147:  Uaddo,  12;  Holyrood,  4 
Lanarkshire,  143;  Laws,  152;  L 
364 ;  MetliTen,  417  ;  Milton,  408 ;  ( 
ney,  403;  Roieiaie,  402 ;  Stirling  J 

Ireland:  Boyne,  17;  Bray,  147|  Qi 
517;  Cashel,  376,  517;  C\mn^  \ 
Clonmel,  517;  Connaogbt,  114;  G 
tarf,376;  Daneifort,  516 ;  DerryMM 
517;  Dublin,  147,  149,  S78;  Si 
112:  Fertagh,  397;  HolyeiMi,  I 
Jerpoint  Abbey,  397  i  KiloooBil,  I 
Kilkenny,  149,  258,  396,  511^  f 
Kihnore,  146;  Kineora,  374;  Ldv 
374;  Limerick,  112,  149;  LunMn,! 
Maniiter-nenagb,  112;  Meacb,  I 
Munster,  1 14, 1 1 7 ;  Thomond,  II 7 1 1 
Waierford,  378,  398,  418 1  Wol 
378 


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16         SAMUEL  BAQSTER  AND  SONS,  15,  PATERNOSTEI 


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To  tbcee  are  added 
the  SamuiUn  Feuta- 
teuch  BudiDS>;  uid 
the  Ifotei  and  B«Bd- 
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iuagiDt,  (which  is  fol- 
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■ndiian  ai  gimt  br 
Qrabe;  and  of  tbe 
Greek  N«wTeitameDt, 
the  whole  of  the  »e- 
leoted  Tarioui  rid- 
ings giren  br  Qtiee- 
bach,  in  his  own  edi- 
tion of  ISOS.  Toietha 
with  the  Sjriao  New 
Tettament,  aa  an  Ap- 


The  Polyglot  Bible  Cabinet ;  for  Presentations, 

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Subsidia  Critica  varia.     Quarto,  price  1^ 

The  Enneaglot  Testament.  The  New  Testa- 
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tions  from  varioue  authors,  with  grammatical  onaljses,  ai 
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VARIOUS   ENGLISH   TRANSLA 
BIBLES   AND   TESTAME 

The   English  Hexapla:   consisting 

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morocco  or  russia,'  70/-  In  morocco  or  nissia,  antiq 
tooled,  gilt  leaves,  etc.,  90/- 


C  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  AND  SONS,  15,  PATERNOSTER  ROW.  21 

eA.  Collation  of  some  of  the  principal  English 

gj   Translations  of  the  Bible,  in  Parallel  Columns.     Elegantly  printed  with  red 
*     borders  and  headings.    Quarto,  price  12/- 

JlJoverdale's  English  Bible,  a.d.  1535,  reprinted 

exactly  from  the  Original.     This  first  Authorised  English  Bible  is  distin- 
*?    guished  by  homely  simplicity  of  style,  and  faithfulness  oi  rendering.     Second 
^    Xlodern  edition ;  with  Portrait,  and  facsimile  Title-page,  4to.     Pnce  30/- 
F         Kept  bound  in  various  styles  of  suitable  binding. 

■:   m^m  rj^i^Q  g|je  of  a  large  impression  of  this  modem  edition  attests  the  abiding  interest  of  the  work. 

g:         In  extra  cloth,  30/-     In  neat  calf,  40/-     In  extra  calf,  gilt  edges,  45/- 
^     In  best  plain  morocco,  46/-     In  *  Bagster*s  flexible  Turkey  morocco  or 

^  russia,'  75/- 

*  %*  Prices  of  Silrer  and  other  Mountings  same  as  for  the  crown  4to.  ComioehensiTe  Bible,  page  8. 

Large  paper  copies  for  Presentation,  in  every  variety  of  suitable 

*  binding. 

The  Genevan  Testament.     An  exact  reprint  of 

the  *  famous  Genevan  Testament'  of  1557,  with  all  the  notes  and  introductions. 
Small  octavo,  price  8/-,  half-bound  in  morocco. 

This  is  an  exact  Beprint  of  the  oriffinal  Edition  of  1557 :  a  version  of  which  the  historj  maj  be 
obscure  in  some  points,  but  whicn  was  undoubtedl:f  executed  bf  one  or  more  of  those  ezilee 
.  in  the  reign  of  Mary,  who  in  the  foreign  countries  in  which  they  had  found  refuge,  still  cared 

[p?        for  the  wants  of  their  countrymen  at  home. 

The  intrinsic  value  of  this  work  is  great ;  whether  we  consider  the  translation,  the  notea,  the 

prologues,  or  the  circumstances  under  which  it  was  executed.    There  is  often  to  be  found  a  plain 

indication  of  the  sentiments  of  the  translators  in  the  mode  in  which  they  render  a  passage ;  and 

1^         this  they  were  able  to  do  the  more  easily  from  the  plan  which  they  adopted  of  introducing  lit^ 

~  Few  English  versions  (if  any)  exhibit  greater  and  more  systematic  editorial  care ;  the  object  of 

jr  the  godly  men  who  executed  it,  was  evidently  to  afford  all  the  instruction  in  the  truth  and  word 
^  of  God  to  their  countrymen,  then  in  the  midst  of  the  bitter  pressure  from  the  Marian  PenacntioiL 
r  Mr.  Scrivener  has  minutely  examined  the  critical  value  of  this  translation  of  the  Nxw  TBWtk' 

KENT :  the  authors  of  which  **  were  intimately  versed  in  the  Scriptures,  and  profoundly  imbued 
jjf        with  tneir  spirit.    It  is  not,"  he  adds,  ^too  much  to  say  that  their  version  is  the  best  in  the 

English  language,  with  the  single  exception  of  our  Authorised  Bible." 

Large  paper  copies  of  this  New  Testament,  small  quarto,  very 

handsomely  printed,  price  42/- 


f 


The    Khemish    New    Testament.       See  The  Engiuh 

Hexapla^  page  20. 

This  version  is  of  much  value  in  the  series  of  translations,  eapecoally  for  purposes  of  eompft- 
rison ;  we  can  thus  see  what  Rome  may  permit  to  pass  as  Holy  Scripture ;  how  the  deolarationa 
of  the  word  of  God  which  are  directl/  opposed  to  Bomish  doctrine  are  evaded;  and  in  what 
manner  points  of  Bomish  doctrine  are  introauced. 

Tyndale's    New    Testament    of  1526    exactly 

Eeprinted,  -with  Portrait,  Life,  etc.     Octavo.,  price  10/- 

Cranmer's  New  Testament  of  1539.     Included 

in  the  English  Hexapla,  page  20. 

Wiclif  s  New  Testament.    One  of  the  Versions 

of  the  English  Hexapla,  page  20. 


SAMUEL  BAGSTER  AND  SONS,  Ifl,  PA.TBRNOSTER  ] 


The   Gospel  by  St.  Matthew,  and  the 

i  to  tKe  Romans,  newly  Translated.     By  Eer.  T.  S.  Green,  MjV. 

The  New  Testament  newly  translated. 
I  St.  Paul's  Epistles;    a  new   Translatic 

critical  Kotes.     By  Dr.  J.  TumbulL     Octavo,  price  11- 

\  The   Seven  Epistles — James,  Peter,  J< 

Judc,  and  the  Revelation.     A  new  TraoslatioQ,  with  critical  N< 
J.  TurnbuH.     Octavo,  price  7/- 

'u         The   Epistles   and  Kevelation.       By  Dr. 

K  Octavo,  price  10/- 

h         The    Revelation;    re-translated    from 

r  Text,   based  on   the  ancient   Greek  authoritiea  and    Veraoni 

)  TregcHes,  LL.D.     Price  2/- 

t         The  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  newly  tra 

i  t  by  the  Rev.  H.  Craik.     Price  Sixpence. 


fl 


A  Critical  Commentary  on  the  ^Epistle 

Romans.     By  the  Rev,  R.  Knight.     Octavo,  price  15/— 


coDscit'ntiouslj  and  implicitlr  vhtt  Memi  lo  ba  the  mauung  of  the  A 

The  Book  of  Genesis  in  Hebrew  and  !E 

a  Jewish  Translation,  with  copious  critical  Notes.     Octaro,  price 

The    Emphatic    New    Testament  :     in 

typof^aphical  prominence  is  given  to  those  English  words  whi 
cqunlly  prominent  words  in  the  Ori^nal  Greek.  By  John  Tayl 
price  12/6 


COMMON  PRATERS,  CHURCH  SER"\ 

XTC. 

English  Common  Prayer,  ismo.    An  elegant 

nicnt  edition,  with  clear  type.  Kept  bound  in  everv  varie^  of 
plain  substantial  bindings,  to  "  Bagstei's  flexible  Turkey  more 
mountings  arc  of  the  newest  patterns  and  best  quality  of  gilding. 

English  Common  Prayer,  without  the  oocanot 

Imp.  .■i2ino.,  as  a  readable  handy  book,  in  the  various  styles  of 

mounting. 

English  Common  Prayer,  very  thin  edition  fa 

pocket.     Price  2/6;   kept  also  in  Ump  morocco. 


if 


M  SAMUEL  BA.GSTER  AND  SONS,  15,  PATERNOSTER  ROW.  23 

mlEnglish  Common  Prayer,  a  large  type  edition,  in  fcap.  svo., 

fc    to  be  had  bound  in  the  various  styles,  from  limp  to  morocco  elegant. 

JsiEnglish    Common   Prayer,    an  elegant  narrow  edition  for  the 

I     pocket,  in  imperial  32mo.,  clear  type;  is  kept  bound  in  all  the  varieties  of 
35     **  Baojster's"  bindinsjs, 

Biblia  Ecclesiae  Polyglotta— the  Proper  Lessons 

4>>     fot  Sundays  and  the  t^hole  Book  of  Psalms  in  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  and 
i      English,  arranged  in  parallel  columns.    Dedicated  by  permission  to  the  late 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

The  Scriptures  which  are  here  selected  are  (besides  the  whole  Book  of 

r;      Psalms)  the  portions  with  which  so  many  are  familiar  from  their  recurrence 

in  the  Sunday  services  of  the  Church.     These  chapters  being  thus  necessarily 

impressed  particularly  upon  the  mind,  it  becomes  a  matter  of  considerable 

C      importance  that  they  should  be  acce^ble  in  an  inviting  form,  in  the  Original 

'^      and  more  important  ancient  Versions.     Quarto,  price  32/- 

Large  paper  Presentation  Copies,  royal  quarto,  price  45/- 

-V  %•  Both  the  Editions  are  kept  bound  in  plain  and  extra  morocco  styles. 

*#*  For  prices  and  styles  of  binding,  see  nnder  the  Crown  Quarto  Comprehensiye  Bible,  page  8. 

Offices  for  the  Sick,  re-arranged,  according  to 

the  use  of  the  United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland.     Very  large  type, 
pocket  size,  price  2/- 

The    Polyglot   Book  of   Common   Prayer    in 

English,  Latin,  German,  Italian,  Spanish,  French,  Greek,  and  Modem  Greek. 
The  eight  languages  appear  on  every  opening.     A  pocket  volume,  price  13/- 

A   French   Version    of    the   Common  Prajer, 

32 mo. 4  or  fcap.  8vo.,  price  3/6 

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Ditto,  very  large  print  edition.     Demy  8vo.,  price  7/- 

The  Latin  Common  Prayer,  32mo.,  or  fcap.  svc,  price  3/6 

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A   German  Version   of  the   Common  Prayer, 

32mo.,  or  fcap.  8vo.,  price  3/6 

Ditto,  interleaved  with  other  versions,  price  7/- 

An  Italian  Version   of  the   Common   Prayer, 

32mo.,  or  fc>ap.  8vo.,  price  3/6 

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A  Spanish  Version   of   the  Common  Prayer, 

32mo.,  or  fcap.  Svo.,  price  3/6 

Ditto,  interleaved  with  other  versions,  price  7/- 


CHURCH    SERVIC 

Church  Services,  a  tandsome  volume  in  fca 
is  printed  in  a  large  dear  type,  and  is  Teiy  compact, 
all  the  usual  plain  and  elegant  styles  of  the  best  workmi 

Church  Services.  An  elegant  and  readable  edi 
is  kept  bound  in  every  style  from  plain  morooco  to  antic 
with  and  without  mountings. 

Church  Services.  la  imperial  32ma  A  vei 
pact  edition.  The  book  is  small,  but  the  typo  is  large  i 
in  the  usual  variety  of  bindings,  with  and  without  mou: 

Church  Services.  The  Eoyal  32nio.  An  edi 
stout  pnper,  and  bound  in  two  volumes  for  preatcr  con' 
the  book  more  portable  the  Occasional  Services  ai«  not 
every  variety  of  style,  with  and  without  cases. 

Church  Services.  An  edition  in  form  and 
Miniature  size  of  Eagster's  Polyglot  Bible.  In  every  t 
elegant  binding  ;  plain  morocco,  Turkey  morocco,  bosl 
or  without  flaps;   and  in  elegant  antique  styles,  with 

mountings. 

Church  Services,    thb  foolscap  octavo 

in  form  and  type  with  the  second  size  of  Bagster's  I 
bindings  and  mountings  are  of  every  variety,  and  of  tli 


S:  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  AND  SONS,  15,  PATERNOSTER  ROW.  25 


E 


PSALTERS. 


The    Hexaplar    Psalter.        The  Book  of  Psalms  in   Hebrew, 
.     Greek,  Latin,  2nd  Latin,  English  and  2nd  English,  in  six  parallel  columns. 
Quarto,  price  15/- 

JPocket    Psalters,    in  English,  French,  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  Spanish, 
and  German,  price  1/-  each. 

The  Psalter  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 

in  large  type,  pocket  volume.     Price  in  extra  cloth,  2/6;  in  roan,  3/-;  in 

best  limp  morocco,  ^j^ 

» 

The    Book    of  Psalms,     Narrow  for  the  Pocket     Limp  roan. 

Price  1/8 

A    new    Metrical    Psalter.      Accentuated  for  chanting.    With 

an  Appendix,  consisting  of  explanatory  notes  and  authorities.     Fcap.  8to., 
price  5/6 

The    Book    of  Psalms,    the  BiUe  Version,  in  large  type,  pocket 
volume.     Price  in  extra  cloth,  2/6;  in  roan,  3/-;  in  best  limp  morocco,  5/6 

A  Textual  Commentary  on  the  Psalms,     By  h.  n, 

Champney.     Price  3/- 

The  Bible  and  Prayer  Book  Versions  of  the 

Psalms  la  Parallel  Columns,  with  Notes.    By  Sir  C.  Brenton,  Bart.    Price  6/- 


ATLASES. 


A  Pocket  Atlas  of  Thirteen  colom*ed  Maps, 

and  a  Chart  of  History.     Fcap.  8vo.,  half-bound,  price  2/- 

The  Chronological  Scripture  Atlas.     The  Maps  are 

accompanied  with  copious  descriptive  Geography;  there  is  a  double  Index, 
and  a  Concordance  of  Scripture  occurrences.  With  a  beautifully  engraved 
Chart  of  the  World's  History.     Half  morocco,  price  10/6 

Wyld's  Scripture  Atlas  of  Thirty  coloured  Maps 

on  a  large  scale,  with  Index.  The  Maps  of  the  separate  Tribes  allow  of  the 
indication  of  almost  every  locality  mentioned  in  the  Scriptiure  without  confu- 
sion.    Quarto,  half  morocco,  price  10/6 


bus  aouitht  U>  attain  ■  right  judges 


nstant  rec^uirence  to  Scripture : 

Cison  of  different      ■'  "  " 
guoga  and  Bt^le." 

The  Histories  of  Judah  and  Israel,  carefoll 

arranged  in  parallel  columns;  with  Notes,  Indexes,  etc 
Two  vols.,  large  8vo.,  price  25,'- 

The    Proper    Names    of    the    Old    Testax 

expounded  and  critically  illustrated.  Upwards  of  Sizi 
of  Persons  and  Places  are  here  carefiilly  discriminated, 
the  occurrences  of  each  is  given.  By  the  Rev.  A.  Jonei 
This  work  it  a  DictionuT  of  the  Xamea  ocourrinf  in  the  Old  Taatunoi 

Alphabetical  order. 
The  Threo  Thoaaand  Sii  Hundred  Name*  of  which  thii  Onomaatioon  i 
the  same  name  being  borne  by  rarioOB  penoDi  or  placea,  nearif  Siztai 
lodiriduali  or  Places;  the  irhole  of  theae  bare  been  carafollj  ducrimii 
Bitt  time  ao  completely),  and  an  identification  of  each  ii  giren,  tofetl 
which  each  oocun. 

The  Holj  Vessels  and  Furniture  of  the  Tab« 

a  series  of  drawings  on  a  large  scale,  executed  in  the  h 

Srinting,  illuminated  with  Gold,  Silver,  etc  "With  S 
escriptive  of  the  various  objects,  and  illustrative  of 
Oblong  Quarto,  half-bound  morocco,  gilt  leaves,  price  3 

The   Greek    Ecclesiastical   Historians.      T 

Kusebius,  Sozomen,  Socrates,  Evagrius,  and  Theodoret 
price  42/- 

Indexes  to  Scripture  Subjects  in  the  Old  and  ] 

Octavo,  price  1/6;  fcap.  octavo,  price  1/-;  16mo.,  price 
Adapted  to  bind  up  with  Bibles. 


K  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  AND  SONS,  15.  PATERNOSTER  ROW.  27 


\ 


Ifl 


lunday   Afternoon;    or,    Seventy-two   Scripture   Pictures, 

with  one  hundred  and  thirteen  descriptive  Poems,  and  a  series  of  3500 
Questions  for  Family  instruction.     Second  edition.     Small  octavo,  price  8/6 

Pigents  and  Teachers  will  find  this  work  an  invaluable  help.  The  Poems  contain  a  rich  store  of 
Bible  truths  conveyed  in  a  very  pleasing  form ;  and  the  beautiful  Plates  cannot  £ul  to  riret  the 
attention  of  the  young.  ' 

"    Ditto,  without  the  Plates,  price  5/- 
M[emoirs  of  Lavater.     With  numerous  Plates.     18mo.  price  5/- 

**When  we  consider  what  Lavater  accomplished,— his  works  published  and  unpublished,— the 
IT      extent  and  regularitv  of  his  correspondence, — his  ministerial  duties,  which  he  fulfilled  with  scru- 
I      pulous  exactness,— the  visits  and  mcessant  interruptions  attracted  by  his  great  reputation  and 
n      kindliness. — we  must  feel  altogether  astonished  at  the  results  of  such  untiring  activity.     To 
conceive  tne  possibility  of  all  this  labour,  it  must  be  remembered  that  Lavater  observed  a  stnctness 
in  the  arrangement  of  his  time  bordering  on  a  superstitious  regard  for  order.    The  employment 
'       of  every  hour,  nay  almost  of  every  minute,  was  laid  down  by  him.       *       *       The  conversation 
'      of  Lavater  was  always  animated  and  engaging.     In  society  his  constant  desire  to  please  was 
^       associated  with  judgment  and  delicate  tact.    His  apprehension  of  character  was  marked  by  rare  ' 
sagacity,  and  he  Lad  uncommon  ability  in  discriminating  the  means  best  fitted  for  producing  the 
impression  lie  desired.     Heavenly-mindedness  and  deep  sympathies  animated  his  very  being,  and 
p       formed  the  peculiar  grace  of  his  character.     His  expressions,  when  most  exalted,  were  yet  full 
of  sweetness.     He  was  ever  fully  persuaded  of  the  truth  of  all  he  uttered,  and  his  desire  to  con- 
vince others  was  so  lively  and  pressingly  eamesti  that  incredulity  itself  seemed  without  power  to 
resist  him."— £iog,  Unicer.  Tom.  xxiii 

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28         SAMUEL  BAGSTER  AND  SONS.  15,  PATERNOSTER 


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Yet  speaks  a  word. 
Into  the  aching  heart's  unseen  reoei^ 
With  power  no  earthly  acoenti  eonldf  ] 


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DESPATCH   BOXES, 

PAPIER  MACHE  GOODS, 

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AND  CHTOCH  SERVICES 

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